The Sun. — London, England, 1863-11-07 00:00:00

IHE. CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA, (From z the Special Correspondent of the Times,) NEW YORK, Oct. 23, We have been for the whole week on the eve of momentous events, but are left at the end with mere fears—or hopes. The armies of the Potomac have been going through all the figures of a regular quadrille. Gen. Lee's army, or a part of it, drove Meade. up to the defences of Washington, but has no w fallen back towards its former base of opera tions, at Lynchburg. Lee's forces are said to be be yond the Rappahannock, probably concentrated sear Culpepper. The advance of the Federals is posted at Warrenton. Gen. Meade was at Wash in on Thursday, in consultation with the Pre sident, by whom he was, in all probability, urged to push on vigorously on the offensive. The aim of General Lee in his forward movement is clear to no man, It was apparently not to offer battle, nor to obtain provisions. By the mere feint of a flank attack, he drove Meade from his position, and so effected his retreat as to break up about 20 miles of the Alexandria and Grange Rail way) thus materially widening the distance between him and his adversary. This was, perhaps, the only object he hall in view—to steal a march on the enemy, so as to have leisure to lead or to send part of his fo'cces against Burnside, who was advancing upon West Virginia, and had pushed his vanguard, it was e aid, as far as Abingdon. We. have no news whatever of warlike operations either; at Chattanooga or Charleston. Gen. Rosen eranz is laid on the shelf ; not, it wou ld seem, with out su ffi cient reasons. It was whisp ered at Cincin nati, immediately upon the affair at Chickamauga, that Rosencraz had in that battle performed neither the duty of a commander nor of a soldier. The charge is now loudly rep eated , and gains credit. I need not repeat all that is said to his disparagement. The man had to contend withpskeolidticatlhaendceavtehnolic ree li g i ons antipathies. ‘Il ‘ e a churches at Cincinnati to say masses for the success of his army:'There was no great harm in. that, surely, though a fuss is made about it. Rosencranz is of German ex traction, sprung from a Jewish fam il y who embraced Catholicism, and brought into the Church of their choice all the zeal of new co nverts. The General's brother is Bishop of Cincin nati, and it was natural that the layman should throw a good job in the way of his clerical relative. The General's real offence, more probably, was dis regnrd of orders from Was hington —either by going be• i ond Chattanooga against such orders, or by ad wincing more cautiously than seemed desirable to the "wiseacres of the War Department," That the autho rities at Washington, with the President at their head, are always ready to find fault with the slow ness of their commanding officers is a fact not to be disputed. When in the killing heat of last July someone suggested that Meade's inaction was per haps owing to the exhausting influence of the season, Mr. Lincoln answered rather tartly, "If our troops are hot in. Virginia, we are burning here at Washington" —burning that is, with impatience. Rosencranz, and his subordinates, M'Cook and Crittenden, are not the only generals likely to fall victims to the displeasure of the central Govern ment. Gen. Meade himself is said to have ten dered his resignation, and Generals Sedgewick and Sickles are already boldly named as his probable successors. At Charleston, also, if we may believe public rumour, Admiral Dahlgren is about to be re moved from the command of the fleet, where, it is asserted, he will be superseded by Captain Thomas Turner, of the Ironsides. The man wanted in that place, however, in the opinion of some persons here, is " our fire-proof salamander, Admiral Farragut." With all these changes contemplated or accom plished the public are mightily pleased, and there is no limit to the splendid successes that are gene rally anticipated. The Western army, under Gen. Grant, is described, with the proverbial Yankee love of superlatives, as the " biggest host ever as sembled in one theatre of war by any one Govern ment in modern times." It combines the forces hitherto led into the field by Grant himself, on the Mississippi, with the Chattanooga army now pass ing from the hands of Rosencranz into those of Gen. Thomas, with that of Gen. Burnside on the border between East Tennessee and West Virginia, and the flying column under Gen. Hooker, now at Stevenson, on the south-west, on the Alabama fron tier. All these troops, exceeding 200,000 com batants, may at a given time be brought to bear upon Bragg's army on the defiles of Georgia. If Meade or his expected successor on the one side, end Grant with all his auxiliaries on the other, do not " wind up this eventful month of October with some stunning decisive victory" the lovers of the Union cause will be grievously disappointed. However "stunning," it is difficult to conceive how any battle can be decisive in this wearisome American contest. These Northern people have an overweening conceit of the resources of their coun try. " The Europeans," they say, "talk of America as if it was only a country ; they forget that we are a continent, a world. What are the puny efforts that could be put forth even by such Powers as France and England compared with the energies of a new country, to whom the loss of half a million of men or the outlay of 2,000 million of dollars are only ae a few drops of blood taken from the veins of a young giant ? The last census shows an in crease in wealth between 1850 and 1860 of 128 per Cent., the increase of population being only 35 per c ent. The might of the nation, as represented by 'wealth, is in ex h aus tible, and w e d e fy an y man to s how on this, th e thi r d y ear o f a mos t was t e f u l w a r , any ptoea of decline either in the splendour of our cities or in the prosperity of our land." The Americ ans seems to forget, however, that the argument t e ll s both ways. If the Union is not a country but a contin en t, the Confederacy is iu its turn not a territory, but ' less than half a world. Their vastness of space presents an insurmountable barrier against efficient conquest. Unless General Grant had seven league bo ots how could he turn even the most" stunning', victory —were he to gain it—to any available pur p o se? Will the whole of this "eventful month of October "—will even the whole fall of the year — enable h i th ro ugh the lands he has undertaken to subdue . Wh a t e ver may be the v i c i ss i tudes of this yea'r's campaign, there are not many her e who flatter them selves that it will br in g us nearer to the end of the war ; and if war is to be prolonged, th ey are not easy as to the means of fillin g u p the ranks o f the fast -thinning army. The President's proclamation for a levy of 300,000 men has not wrou g h t the most favourable imp ression. though great eff ort s are made to give it the mos t cheerful resp onse. T carry on a war, we ar e told, "man and m oney are required ;" but the people here had brought them.. selves to think, not perhaps w ithout some sho w of reason, that, to a great extent, " money makes men, and men make money." The State, they said, which commands the means to arm a certain number of mercenaries has it also in its power to use these hired men in the impressment of new recruits; and when an army is once on foot it can be turned into an instrument equally efficient in plundering the enemy or in grinning the people. The s t r ength of a nation may be indifferently gathered together by free enlistment, or by forcible conscription. It may be held, as in England, that the law has under no Circumstances any control over the person of the subject, and it may be established, as in France, or more consistently in Prussia, that every citizen is Vi tally interested in the defence of the country — l iable, therefore, to compulsory military service, wheth er at regularly appointed periods, or on auy extraoraiu or! United emergency. The government of the States seemed to think that the two methods could be usefully mixed up and alternated. When the first r us h of , real volunteers.impe lled by patriotism, be gan to slacken they shop for the purchase pened a huge of hirelings, and when the mercenary market was also exhausted they resorted which Walt only a clu msy attempt to make money by to the draught, as it put the screw on the citizen, and called for h; to t moneV or , his life," s the ?ewe - he recruit allowing' r to any them selves off , of which the y were by no means loth to avail thcmsclves. as it was contriv e d yielded from The draught 9,000,000 dots. to 10,000,000 dols. ; but not only wa s it an egregi ous failure in itself, go far as th e 's making of me n" was concerned, but it convinc e d the most st.lh barn in the Government of the utter hoplessness of such an expedient hereafter. Hence it is that the President falls back upon the old plan, and "calls on the Governors of the different States to raise and have enlisted 300,000 men." It is hardly possible to believe that the proclamation was issued in good earnest. The raising of volunteers, or to call things by their proper name, bounty men, was never discontinued since the first outbreak of the war. It was never carried on with greater alacrity than during the pangs and throes of that barren conscription ; and we know that in the State of New York, for instance, " the volunteer enrolment yielded 50 per cent. more than all the machinery of the draught," If the tempting bait of 302 dole. for raw recruits and 402 dole, for veterans could be of any avail towards repleting the army, su rely the bills stuck up outside the shop windows in all the cities of the East and West, the huge flags waving all across Broadway, bearing spirited pictures of charging cavalry,: squadrons and thundering bat teries, and all the pomp and pageantry of war, ou g h t at all times to have kept the supply on a par with the demand, but men are not to be had on any large scale at any of the bounty rates hitherto offered, and it is upon this conviction that the Board of Super visors of the city of New York propo se an outlay of 2,000,0 00 dole., with a view to add 300del of s.toth the Government bounty—thus raisi ng the price sol diers to 602 dole. and even 702 doll. per head It may be questioned whether even this unheard of liberality will be found efficient, admitting that it may be considered expedient. The soldier's pay was fixed at 13 dole. a month at the outbreak of the war, i.e., at a time at which that sum had the real value of 13 dole, in gold, but that same sum at the present day only represents 6 dole. 50c. real value, and labour of the lowest description commands at least 30 dole. monthly wages throughout the country. Even with 700 dollars enlistment money the soldier's trade is almost the poorest business a man can betake him self to. It is dog's work for native Americans, nor is it clear to what extent it may continue to be at tractive in the eyes of foreign immigrants. The draught in Vermont only yielded 72 conscripts and 800 substitutes : all of these latter were aliens, most French Canadians. Of the foreign adven turers already acquainted with the country the most part will be as shy of the flags as the natives them selves. The hopes of the recruiting officers must needs rest on the new arrivals, and of these many thousands can hardly come in on so short a notice. To raise 300,000 men in two months, with the pre sent abundance of work and high wages, would seem hardly practicable; and on the sth of January the President's remedy will come into operation : " If any State shall fail to raise the quota assigned to it, a draught for the deficiency shall be made." A draught, however, so long as the clause of the 300 dole. redemption be maintained, will yield money, and not men ; and as to a bona fide conscription, impartial, inexorable, on the Prussian principle, it seems hardly credible that any Government would venture on such a course in a country like this. It takes no less than two generations to train even the most orderly and best disciplined people to sub mit to the hateful yoke of a compulsory levy. In Piedmont and Lombardy, where military service has been organized on the present footing since the be ginning of the century, the yearly draught takes place with all the regularity of clockwork; but in the late Roman provinces, in the Marches and Umbria, and in the island of Sicily, which were allowed exemption from military duties by the Papal and Neapolitan Governments, the introduc tion of the hated levy has met with the most formidable difficulties, and every announcement of a fresh conscription is the signal for the rising of brigand bands throughout the country. The experiment of the late draught in New York— the 44 battalions engaged in the impressment of a few hundred conscripts—ought to leave little hope for a future attempt. The scheme failed even when men had it in their power to compound with their money for their blood; but if Mr. Lincoln were to come upon them for their real " pound of flesh" it is doubtful whether any force could suffice to over awe this city—doubtful whether any army would be equal to the task of enforcing the law through out the land. All the proclamations in the world will never make this recruiting of the army any thing but an affair of money. " The war," we are informed, "has already lasted two years and six months, and in that time we have accumulated a national debt amount. ing.to 2,000,000,000 dole." if soldiers are to be bought at the rate of 600 to 700 dole., as the city of New York proposes, if a competition is to arise be tween the Federal Governaient and the municipal and State authorities as to which shall bid the higher for the purchase of food for powder, the debt at the close of another year will probably exceed our powers,of calculation. So long as there is no limit to the production of " greenbacks," and so long as " greenbacks" represent at least half their nominal value, the hook may be so baited as to get a bite here and there. " Whoever takes my paper pockets trash," says Mr. Chase, and the army may be satis fled to rest on as trashy a foundation as society is content to be based on; but the quality of the sol diers to be got for so high a bribe will hardly be found to correspond with the quantity. Nay, the higher the price a man sets upon his blood, the lower the moral standard that led him to bargain for it. In the meanwhile the well-tried difficulty the Government meet in their enlistment of white men urges them more and more recklessly to their scheme of the enrolment of negroes. Slaves are being bought in Maryland, Kentucky, Tennessee, West Virginia, and Missouri. Loyal owners on parting with their property receive 300 dole. indemnity, and the slave is assured of his freedom on the ex• piration of his term of service ; the slaves of " dis loyal" masters are enlisted and emancipated at once, without ransom. The scarcity of sailors for the navy has induced Government to forward instruc tions to enlist " contrabands" for the fleet. The free use of the blacks has, of course, the effect of deterring the whites from the service; but Sambo was, however innocent, the primary cause of all this contest, and it is natural, and perhaps just, that he should bear the brunt of the battle, with the hope that he may, in some unforeseen manner, reap the benefits of the victory. The phenomenon of a self-styled free State rely ing for empire, or indeed for existence, on slaves and mercenaries is by no means new in the world. It was the policy of ancient Rome, the policy of mediaaval Florence and of Venice. It will be a rare luck for the United States if, unlike those States of old, they learn in time that an army of hirelings, white or black, may be a usefal servant, but is apt to become the most troublesome and dangerous of masters. October 24. General Meade remains in command of the Army of the Potomac. He went to Washington to tender his rea o i g:ation to the President, but th e l a tt e r pre that Arl him to return to hi s p os t. Th e rumour --t u' : ral Dahl gren was t o b e remove d f rom his Place at the head of the fleet at Charleston also turns out to be unfounded. The Admiral is ex ' pected to ar rive at has Washington in a few days. H e published a letter from General Gilmore, refut ing the idle repo r t s of a disagreement between these two commanders. -Up to the 23d of last month the most cordial good understanding existed between them. " to fu r th er move destru 1 There is nothing to lie ad m ents of the armies. The ded :lon of the O rang h e o r oug hl e a nd Alexandria Railway ha s b ae d comlished so y that it is expect e d the v Potomac will not be able t o t t advan era p l Army of h weeks or a month t o c ome . General Lee for three bably avail himself o f this res pite 0 march against Burnside or t o send reinforcem ents to Bragg. eithee: t ill w pro President Lincoln has bravely withstood th e pressure of the rabid Republicans of Missouri, an d refused to remove General Schofield from his com mand at their request or dictation. He is not satis fied that the Lawrence massacre can with any jus tice be ascribed to any remissness or connivance on the part of the military authorities, and cannot be lieve that Scholefield purposely withheld protection froni loyal people, and countenanced the violence of the disloyal. He approves General Scholefield's exertions to prevent a counter-raid into Missouri by the Kansas boys as the only way of avoiding indiscri minate mass%cres. T he President has the, approval of the moderate THE SON, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 7, 1863. men of all parties in the line of conduct he adopted between the ruthless factions now distracting Mis souri. The Radicals of that State will not be easily put down, nevertheless, and the time has perhaps come when their " Committees of Public Safety" will resort to violence and take the law into their own hands. Already Governor Gamble, the President's in like Schol e fi e ld i s charged with n " o l m ukew ee :rm w n h e o s ' s in the good cause," and worse than suspected of a leaning to rebels, Southern sympa thizers, &c.,—has called upon the central Govern , ment for protection against personal violence. Mis souri is ripe for mischief, and the anarchy which reigns thronghout the provinces is not unlikely soon to reach the principal city. THE COLLIERS' STRIKE, Mr. Joseph Love, one of the proprietors of the - collieries, in a letter to a contemporary, says :—" The first cause of complaint is the discharge of 12 men from Oakenshaw Colliery. These men received 14 days' notice, according to agreement, but the Union men, in commencing the strike, ceased work without a moment's notice ; therefore they are the originators of the strike, and are answerable for all the miseries such an act may entail. It is also stated ' their conduct has been marked by the greatest order.' I will leave you to judge of this from the fol lowing circumstance :—The men first commenced to reduce their labour to 3s. per day, then to Is, 3d., after which I gave 14 days' notice to the Brandon men ; they at once commenced the strike, using intimidation to influence the men at the coke ovens to give up their work also, This was on Friday; on Saturday they went to Willington Oakenshaw, and Brancepeth with colours and music, and succeeded in influencing both pitmen and men at the ovens to give up work, without a moment's notice, at all those collieries. One of their grievances was as to the contents of the tub in use, and their statements were entirely false ; the contents of the tub, which the owners require of the men, are the contents they pay to the landlord, with an allowance of 281 b. to the men before a tub is confiscated. This has been the custom for 20 years. They state if a tub comes to bank deficient by accident it is forfeited. This is incorrect. In such a case the tub comes to bank with a cer tain mark denoting accident. They also state that, if a tub is deficient, the landlord loses the tub as well as the men. This is untrue ; the landlord receives full pay for all deficient tubs ; hence he is a gainer and not a loser in such a case. And then it is stated that 6d, is given to the person whose duty it is to confiscate a deficient tub. Now, I dispute if or hin g clown in the coal trade; at hearde, I of such a thing. I would fines levied i n our co lli er i es are ha there cerey r ra was et r e k v c. e c t r y he s ar u t suc k el a w t devoted to charitable purposes among our own workmen, have no int eres t i n en f orc i ng fi nes , out the regulations of the collieries. There has also been a m i sun d erstan di ng as to th e and c e x w c e n e p n r t e s v f ; c e r r t h d (ti: oncece i f p o h l r iennsew,oecnrePenny gone to the pock e t s o f th e carrying 281 b. allowed to the workmen before a tub is confiscated. If a tub is deficient 271 b, the man receives full pay, as though the tab was quite full, and many men have worked a num ber of years and have never lost one tub from deficient weight. A great deal of m isrepresentation has been made as to the difference between weight and measure. The only reason the owners prefer measure to weight is because it is more simple, easier done, and a s av i ng of t i me, as measure, once ascertained, is weight. But f or t h e great difficulty in carrying out weight the owners would much prefer it, and if the men had applied for such a change, without advance of price, it would have been granted on application. I have now done so. The true origin of the strike is an advance of wages from 20 to 25 per cent. This the men have demanded in our col - lieries, and I state, without fear of contradiction, that a good workman, in an average placeupon any of our collieries, can make ss. and upwards in eight hours. This is the standard by which I fix the price in every colliery. I have taken the average wages of 20 men for the last six fortnights at Bran don Colliery, and find it upwards of £3 net to each man per fortnight. The advance asked would increase that average to nearly £4 a fortnight. This is a model colliery for com fortable houses and gardens, and many of those houses have cost the owners £BO each. Tho workmen are much better rewarded for their labour than the owners are for their capi tal on this colliery, and, as it is a less evil to lay the colliery in than to comply with their request, I have done so. I would also add that the men in the west district are better rewarded for their labour than the coalowners are for their capital, Any advance is impracticable, much less the demand of 20 to 25 per cent. ; and, however long the men may be able to stand out, the masters have no alternative but to resist. I have been asked to assign my reasons for opposing the Union upon our collieries. With your permission I beg to do so. I oppose it because it interferes both. with the freedom of the 'neater and servant, and consequently leads to a system of tyranny. It denies the right of the master to choose or re move his servant, unless at the expense of the stoppage of his works. This is ono of the fundamental articles of the Union, and is now carried out upon Inkerman colliery, near Tow Law. When the owners gave notice to two men, about a month ago, a d e p u t a ti on wa it e d u pon the agen t t o say that if these men were not continued upon the works they would lay the colliery in, The agents had to withdraw the notices in order to prevent the stoppage of the colliery. A few days afterwards, the same agent having had occasion to set on some fresh men, the deputation already alluded to again waited upon the agent, and said that if he continued to set more men on they would all stop work. Now, I would ask, is it within the range of possilelity to conduct public works under such a system of dictation and tyranny ? And yet this is the universal practice where the Union is established. When I gave notice to men upon our collieries whom I con sidered dangerous to the peaceable working of the collieries I was given to understand this—that if these men were dis missed they would all cease to work. This is the result of the working of the Union wherever it is established. The Union Committee dictates all terms, both for agents and men, and many men submit as reluctantly to their terms as the agents do, but from fear are compelled, cal the agents from necessity. This is the power the delegates are deter mined to possess—viz., the entire control of the working of the collieries, to dictate terms, prices, and the qu mtity work done. Under such a state of uncertainty owners would not dare to make those prospective sales necessary for the regular working of the colliery, as they could have no cer tainty on the amount of produce. For instance, the Brandon men, at the dictation of the Union Committee, reduced their labour (and some of them were working for as much as Si. 6d. per day) without a moment's notice to the owners of their intention. After a few days at 3s. per day they made a further reduction to is. 3d. per day, and about three days afterwards they stopped the colliery. Under such a system of uncertainty as I have described any person may easily see the impossibility of owners entering into large contracts, by which alone they can successfully work a coke colliery. Hundreds of men who were in our employ have been applied to by our agents to resume their work, and many of them have expressed their anxiety to do so, but were afraid of the Union men, We promised them protection; they replied that after the strike was over they threaten to drive the blacklegs out of the country. Is this a state of things for any considerate man to tolerate ? And yet there never was a Union established among pitmen without such threats and consequences. Every colliery, sir, has its own peculiarities ; but it can matter little to the workman in what way the work is done provided he is fully remunerated for his labour. I believe no pitmen in the county have been better rewarded for their labour than those upon Straker and Love's collieries, and no collieries are safer, being free from gas. I would here state that if any of the delegates could prove to me that any colliery in the district is better paid than ours, I should make ours the same as that colliery. I am prepared to pay equal wages to any in the trade, and I fully believe I have always done so ; the fact was stated at their public meeting, and none attempted to dispute it. I have already said that a good workman can make ss. per day within eight hours. I shall be glad to be called on to prove this by facts ; if so, they cannot justly complain that they are not paid for their labour. If it be asked why the delegates have attempted to stop our collieries first, the rea sons I have heard from reports at their own meetings are that our works being so extensive, and being under large contracts to the blast furnaces, that if the men were firm they might force us up to any price or terms, as we dare not let our works stop, owing to the fear of the parties coming upon us for damages for non• fulfilment of contracts. Also, our works being large, if they could succeed in bringing us ttp they could easily bring up every other colliery in the district. It is stated that I have fixed a standard that the tub cannot bring to bank. This would be extremely foolish. I have fixed the standard paid to the landlord at Brandon at a less weight than we paid last year , but, as we now propose to work by weight, the standard is a matter that can be easily ad justed. The public express great sympathy for the families ejected from their houses at this season of the year, and properly so if the parties ejected had no choice. But no person is ejected without the question being asked, " Will you resume your work or give up your house ?" If they consent to go to work, of course they remain in the house; if they refuse the owners have no alternative, as the houses are necessary for the working of the colliery. Other men cannot be got without the houses to live in, and none will come so long as those men remain on the place. Therefore, until they are removed, it is impossible to get the colliery to work. The men know this, and remain in their houses to accomplish their object. I have received a document from each colliery, stating the advance price wished, but at the close of each document it is stated " We demand the resto ration of each dismissed man before we start work," Thus they would compel the master to employ men of whom he disapproves. If the owners submit to this they must give up the control of the collieries to the men. The strike has now assumed such a magnitude that it has induced many persons to express their opinions in the diffe rent papers. The want of experience and knowledge of such persons in pit matters leads them to very erroneous conclu sions, and as my name has been so freely spoken of by the public, I think it my duty to lay before them a brief state ment of facts from the commencement of the strike. The value and extent of the works over which I have the super vision are too extensive and important, as I have already said, for me to hand over to the management of delegates and committees, which is, I repeat, the great object the con ductors of the union labour to acquire. They appointed a committee upon each of our collieries, and their duty was to issue orders to the men when they were to work and when not to work, how much to work, and what way to work. Upon the knowledge of such proceedings, and not being disposed to yield my powers to such committees, I gave all those men 14 days' notice. Deputations waited upon me and gave me to understand that if those men were not continued they would stop the collieries ; and knowing that to be the least of evils, I declined to withdraw the notices. They then sent in a written document from all the collieries, stating the advance they demanded, which advance upon our present workings would amount to about £20,000 a year. At the close of each document is placed, " We demand the restoration of every dismissed man," A deputation waited for my reply. I told them I could give no advance of price, neither could I continue those men under notice. If they were dissatisfied, all I desired was our usual notice. This they declined. They then reduced their labour, as I have before stated to 3s. per day, then to Is. 3d., and three days after ceased work without any notice. A large number of the men were wishful to work, but they were intimidated, and said if they could get protection they I would work. We then got a large police force, and a num ber of men went to work at Oakenshaw, Brancepeth, and Willington pits. The working of these pits inflamed the worst of passions in both men and women. The annoyance and insults passed upon the men going to and from work became so brutal and vile that many of them could not pos sibly endure it, and ceased to work, for while they were at work their wives and children had to fasten themselves into their houses. The remaining mon that continued their work then waited upon my agent, and said unless those families were removed they must cease to work, as they could no longer endure such persecution. Thus a choice of evils was placed before me—either to eject those families, or the col lieries must be finally stopped. Of course, I decided upon what I considered the least evil. We gave sufficient notice of our intentions to remove them to any place they might wish to go to. We also offered horses and waggons to remove their furniture; but they gave us to understand that they would not remove from the place. As this is their principle, to compel the owners to eject them, that they may secure the sympathies of the public, I was informed the committee of the union had made arrangements for all the ejected fami lies previous to their being turned out; but they were urged upon to place themselves in the most pitiable condi tion, to cast odium upon the masters, and to create sym pathy for themselves- But for that motive they would all have been housed on or before the day of ejection. I" appeal to any reasonable, disinterested person, whether it was a greater evil to eject 38 obnoxious families from Sunnybrew, or to stop a colliery in full operation, giving employment to a large number of people. The latter would have been a real calamity upon well-disposed people; the former wa self-inflicted, and could have been avoided, but for the sake of creating public sympathy, as there is accommodation for twice the number of people we turned out within a very short distance from the spot. The same remarks apply to Oakenshaw. Everything that I could invent has been done to prevent the evils of the strike. No ejectments would have been sanctioned, but they were found necessary to pre vent greater evils, viz., the stoppage of three collieries which are now at work. Since the ejectments the work has in creased instead of being stopped. The ejectment was the evil of a day or two, but the stoppage of three collieries might have been for months. The number of those ejected is but a small portion to those who are in full and good em ployment; and to show that nothing has been done out of resentment at Brandon Colliery, where the men have shown the greatest hostility, I have allowed them to remain in their houses, as I did not see by ejecting them a sufficient prospect of getting the colliery to work. When the number of houses we have upon our collieries is considered, the number ejected bear but a small proportion to the number of union-men who live in our houses and refuse to work. Some of your contemporaries have expressed great better ness against us for using the power of ejectment; but if we do not use that power how can we gain possession of our property ? It is the only means we have, and has always been enforced. If once understood by the union men that coalowners were intimidated by the public not to use this power, we should have no cnd of strikes, for it is the only protection we have. Tho houses are as necessary for work ing a colliery as the engine, and if the union-men are al lowed to keep possession of the houses they could effectu ally stop any colliery, and as hug as they chose, If there is any odium due against the firm of Messrs. Strakers and Love for the ejections, such odium must fall upon myself, as the Messrs. Strakers have nothing to do with the ma nagement of the collieries. I defy any man to prove that I am the author of any unkind action, unless done to prevent greater evils. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—On grounds of policy, no less than on grounds of justice, it was right that the doctrines laid down in the Alexandra case should be recon sidered. Whether the Foreign Enlistment Act be regarded as a municipal statute, or as an applica tion of a municipal sanction to au obligation of in ternational morality, the whole nation is concerned in the construction put upon it. It is the country in its capacity of a sovereign State which is the real plaintiff; it is the country in its capacity of a com msrcial community which is the real defendant. Where such interests are at stake no uncertainty in the law, nor even the suspicion of such uncer tainty, ought to be tolerated. It would have been a grievous misfortune—nay, more, it would have been a disgrace to our system of juris prudence, it a judicial statement which has been so much criticized, and a verdict which has failed to command anything like general assent, affecting as they do the public character and private rights of the British people, had not been subjected to solemn revision. It is greatly to be lamented that the Lord Chief Baton and the Attorney-General were unable to agree upon the terms of a bill of ex ceptions. Such a bill ought properly to be drawn l i up on the spot and before the verdict is given, while the points to which objection is taken are still fresh in the memory of judge and counsel. It is but fair to say that this course was proposed by the late Attorney-General, that it was resisted, but only for the sake of convenience, by the Lord Chief Baron, who professed himself ready to accept any bill of exceptions which the Crown might tender, and that it was not for want of repeated applications on the part of Sir W. Atherton and Sir It. Palmer that the substance of the bi!l was not settled before the Judge left the Court. It is fair, on the other hand, to point out that the Lord Chief Baron protested at the time, as he still protests, against the meaning attached to his words, and would probably have declinedthen to sign the form which has since been tendered to him. This untoward conflict of impressions having arisen, there was, of course, no alternative but to aban don the bill of exceptions, and to move simply for a now trial. Here, however, a new diffieulty arose upon two questions relating to the right of appeal, in case the motion should be fruitless. Into these questions we need not enter now. It is enough to say that the rule nisi for a new trial has been granted, 'and that the whole matter will be fully discussed before the Court of Exchequer. If the Attorney-General shall succeed in satisfying the Bench either that the verdict was perverse, whether as contrary to the evidence or as unsustained by the evidence, or that the Chief Baron's direc tion was erroneous, whether positively or by reassn of its inadequacy, the suit will be tried over again. If the decison of the Court should be ad verse to the Crown as to the alleged default of the jury, that part of the case will be at an end, but there would still be an appeal against the alleged misdirection, provided the Chief Baron acknowledges the language imputed to him, and is supported by his brethren in ratifying it. In the meantime we are not without the means of forming an independent opinion upon the controversy which has been carried on with some degree of warmth for the last three days between the Attorney-General and the Court of Ex chequer. It is the more important that we should do so because the disputed expressions go to the very root of the subject regulated by the Foreign Enlist ment Act. That statute, than which the unscholarlike subtlety of legal draughtsmen, never constructed one more elaborately slovenly, is confessedly modelled upon one passed in the preceding year by the Ameri. can Congress. Without the knowledge of this fact we might despair of construing the famous 7th section upon any grammatical principle. As it stands, it appears to prohibit two things—the equipment of transport or store ships " with intent" that they should be employed in the service of foreign Powers, and the equipment of any ships "with intent" to cruise or commit hostilities against foreign Powers in amity with her Majesty. It would thus impli citly legalise the equipment of ships of war for the very purposes interdicted to store ships, and prevent the equipment of these last even where they might not be intended to annoy a friendly State. Such an interpretation would obviously be an ab surdity; but it is only by comparing this 7th section with the 33 of the American Act that we learn the true origin of the confusion in our own. There nothing is said of transport or store ships, and the cruising or committing hostilities is so clearly connected with the illegal fitting out for the service of a foreign Power as to leave no doubt what the object of our Legislature was in framing a parallel but somewhat more comprehensive clause. This object may be shortly expressed thus,—No one shall, within British dominions, directly or in directly, "equip, furnish, fit out, or arm" a vessel to be used as a transport ship, a store ship, or a ship of war, by one foreign belligerent against another in amity with the Queen, on pain of fine and imprisonment, as well as of forfeiture. Another branch of the same section is directed against com missioning ships with a like intention. Now, how was this applied by the Chief Baron to the case of the Alexandra? She was seized by the Government before she was completed, and therefore before any armament had been put on board of her, but not before she had assumed proportions unsuited to a merchant ship and eminently fitted for a gunboat. There was sufficient evidence of her destination to be laid, as it was laid, before the jury. Had it been left to them with no other comment than that with which the Chief Baron concluded, embodying the very words of the statute, no exception could have been taken, Such, however, was not the fact. Be fore putting the question in this form he carefully explained that the " object of the statute" was to obviate the possibility of a hostile collision between ships built in our own dockyards for different Powers, and putting to sea at the same time. Nor was this all. He referred to TVebster's Dictionaurty to show that equipping, furnishing, and arming are identical, and continueficlo,ttiinn ffl ial shore which we quote from the report of the official is that g wo ° rds hand writer :—" I own that opinion meate pre equip,' 'furnish,' fit ou , t,' or . 'arm, that this pas cisely the same thing.' litfiCation, but it was also sage was followed by a followed by a declaratiocieu;ht that' the building and sale of the Alabama was perec y leeal. We cannot doubt that such obiter dicta, if th©y must be so're gerded, produeete eta: same anpr , : ,, =aun on the jury. COURT OF COMMON COUNCIL. THE RAISING OF HOLBORN VALLEY. A Special Court of Common Council was held yes terday in the Egyptian Hall at the Mansion-house for the purpose of receiving a report from the Im provement Committee upon the subject of the im portant metropolitan improvement of altering the present dangerous thoroughfare of Holborn-hill, by raising what is called the Holborn valley, and also to consider the propriety of taking such steps as may be deemed expedient by the Court for prose cuting a bill in the ensuing session of Parliament for effecting the improvement contemplated. The Lord Mayor presided, and there was a very full attendance of members of the Court, the ques tion being one of considerable public importance. Deputy FRY, in bringing up the report, which had been printed and circulated, said he was sure that every gentleman present felt deep anxiety on the important question that was about to be brought before them. (Hear, hear.) He said it was unne cessary to waste any time in descanting on the cry ing evil that had existed for so long a period, or in observing upon the necessity of remedying that evil. Many plans had been suggested, but the evil still existed; and he believed they would all agree with him that the time had come when it was absolutely necessary for the public interest that something should be done. (Hear, hear.) In consequence of the advertisements issued by the committee 84 gen tlemen sent in plans and designs for making the pro posed alteration, and he could -not help expressing the high sense entertained by the committee of the very great talent exhibited by these gentlemen, and the labour and cost they had expended in prepar ing these plans and designs, and thanking them most sincerely for the trouble they had taken. (Hear, hear.) The total number of plans sent in was 105, and the committee—being of course somewhat bewildered by having so great a number of plans to take into consideration—felt it was necessary to have professional assistance, and they applied to Mr. Haywood, the engineer to the Commissioners of Sewers, to assist them. That gentleman had sent in plans of his own for effecting the alteration, but he, in the most honourable and liberal manner, withdrew these plans from their consideration, and placed himself at the service of the committee ; but he thought it right to say that he in no way inter fered with the decision arrived at by the committee in reference to the plans submitted to them, or on the decision they ultimately arrived at. He then proceeded to explain that the committee, after due consideration, reduced the number of plans to 48, and this number they divided into nine classes, and they afterwards reduced this number to 4. Deputy Fry, after entering into some details, said that by the plan recommended by the committee Skinner street and Holborn-hill would be entirely removed, and a fine new street erected from Newgate-street to Hatton-garden, or higher up if necessary, upon the high level road ; and he said he believed that this proposition would meet all the difficulties that at present exi s t e d, an d th a t th e pl an was one en con formity with the present intention of the act of Par liament, and which would undoubtedly receive the sanction of the Legislature. He concluded by stating that he did not consider it necessary to go into further details; but he would simply observe that the public were anxiously watching the pro ceedings of the corporation of London in reference to this important question, and that it was neces sary this Court should agree with the recommen dation of the committee, in order that the necessary plans might be at once prepared, and the formal notices given, so that a bill might be brought before Parliament in the ensuing session. He concluded by moving that the report of the committee should be agreed to. (Hear.) The TOWN CLERK put the motion to the Court, which was at once unanimously agreed to. It may be stated as to the mode of making the proposed alteration as included in class 1, :11 which there are three candidates, namely, Mr. Frederick Marrable, Mr. T. C. Sorby, and Mr. It. Bell, it will be left for further consideration to decide which of the plans will be ulti ma t e ly carr i e d out, and which of the competitors are entitled to the premiums of £250 and £l5O offered by the Corporation respec tively for the two best plans submitted to them. ST. THOMAS'S HOSPITAL. Dr. SAUNDERS gave notice of a motion he in tended to bring forward at the next Court, that the attention of the Governors of St. Thomas's Hospi tal be directed to the vacant piece of land at the back of Newington Church as an elegible site for the erection of the new hospital. The Court then adjourned. The Dripping Well at Knaresborough. I entered the enclosure where the well is with a certain amount of fear, lest I myself should in a moment be con verted into stone by this modern wholesale statue maker; bnt I summoned up courage and knocked at the door. It was opened by a civil Yorkshire lassie, and we saw before us this far-famed curiosity—a massive frowning rock, over which a perpetual shower of water fell incessantly into the beautiful clear pool below, with a musical and somewhat melancholy sound. About half way down, on the face of the rock, were suspended a number of curious -look ing objects. I asked the girl to explain them. She at once began, with a true Yorkshire accent and with wonderful volubility of tongue, "There you will see a pump kin and a stocking, a squirrel and a stock-dove, a small hotter and a nedgog (hedge-hog), a branch and a pheasant, a man's hat and a sponge, a moss basket and a bird's neat, a weasel and a stocking." " For goodness' sake my girl, gently gently, say it over again," but she was gone; other visitors knocked at the door ; they also came down to' where we were standing, and the girl began again, "a pump kin and a stocking, a small hotter and a nedgeog" down to the stocking at the end of the sentence. We then left the girl and looked about for ourselves. Tho fact is, that the rocks about Knaresborough are composed of magnesian limestone, and the lime becomes dissolved in spring water— so highly charged indeed is it with mineral matter that in a gallon of water there are of carbonate of lime 23 parts, sul phate of magnesia 11 parts, and sulphate of lime 132 parts, and a pint weighs 24 grains heavier than common water. The water seems willing enough to get rid of its mineral burdens, and anything, therefore, placed within its reach, so to say, it converts into stone, like the Gorgon's head on the shield of Minerva. The owners of the well have taken advantage of this fact, and hung up miscellaneous objects which are ordinarily supposed to be converted into stone. This is not, however, actually the case ; they are merely covered over with, a coating of stone-like material, which, of course, takes the form of the objects which it encrusts. I have now before me a moor-hen and a " nedgeog" from the well at Knaresborough. The form of these (meatuses is not, as may be imagined, very well pres erved. The hedgehog reminds one much of the hedgehogs made of sponge-cake which one sees in the pastrycook's shop. I have made a section of my fossil moorhen, and found the stony coating very hard indeed, and much like in appear ance, as indeed it is in composition, to the fur which is found inside ordinary tea-kettles. The feathers, bones, &c., of the bird have almost disappeared from decay. The cast, however, of it is accurately taken by the deposit from the well. I have also a wig, but this is a terribly shapeless mass, and very fragile. In the showroom of the hotel by the well are many really beautifully specimens of encrustrations, particularly the birds' nests and a pheasant, where the form is accurately preserved. There is also a badger, which would form an ex cellent museum specimen, for the traces of the rough hair are distinctly perceptible, even though it is one solid mass of stone. I have also a bird's nest or two—thrushes, linnets, and other small birds—the eggs in them. Both eggs and a s nests are ha r d an d so lid , i n f act, a perfect mass of heavy stone, and very pretty ornaments for the drawing room they are. I h ave broken one of these eggs, and find the egg shell b r i ght and white inside its stone-like cover. We found amtpole mProofse been o the l owo t together wonderful geth e medusa-likep n o d we up r of fn this the water. A. mass of le aves , moss, sticks, &c:, had evidently corner where we found them. We could see the individual leaves, moss, branch es , just been brought there, nlmosotrestrik' beautiful Sce :as h plain as though they had b m tl , t a w xed en s l attempted to remove a leaf—no ;it was hard, fir solid as a wreath carved group of natural on a marble tombstone. e tz than the hideous, objects were these, and much outstretched, and deformed worsted ate' up under the well.--1/r. Buckland, in the Queen. saw hung which they certainly preduced on the public. That impression was, that, inasmuch as the Alexandra was " in the course of building for the purpose of being delivered in pursuance of a contract," and was not actually armed, the intent of the parties engaged in the transaction, and whether they were 1 " attempting" or not to do an unlawful act, was of no consequence in the eye of the law. While this clause is still awaiting judicial interpretation, it may be worth while to notice one important dis tinction between the Alexandra case and some of the analog es which have been suggested. The right of neutral merchants to deal, even in contra band of war, with belligerent purchasers is gene rally admitted. Even this has been disputed by eminent jurists, but the preponderance of authority is in favour of the principle laid down by the Chief Baron, that neutrals may sell or export to bellige rents munitions of war (and even armed vessels, ac cording to Story), subject to the right of seizure in transitu. The right of the neutral merchant to ex port, and of the belligerent Power to seize, have been described as conflicting rights, and the assistance given by the former to the enemy of the latter has been held no breach of international law. But it is quite the same thing when the subject of a sale, being a ship of war, is designed to be employed in hostile operation without being taken into any port of the belligerent Power on the behalf of which it is built ? May not this be what Lord Stowell calls a " proximate act of war ?" Is it not manifest that by such a ruse neutral territory is made the basis and starting point of a naval expedition, and the right of the other belligerent to seize in transitu entirely defeated ? If the Tycoon of Japan, for in stance, were at war with us, and were to procure and import steamers from France, we should have no cause of complaint against the French Govern ment ; but should we endure without remonstrance the depredations of Japanese Alexandras issuing from French ports in the English Channel ? Con siderations of this kind are not, indeed, legal ar guments, and we do not offer them as such, but they may serve to illustrate the difference between the bona fide sale and the equipment of vessels. If the Alexandra should be condemned after all, there is no reason to fear that the legitimate business of our shipbulilders will be injured or obstructed in the slightest degree. POST.—The anticipations which, a week since, were entertained of a renewal of active hostilities in Virginia prove to be groundless. The Confede rate forces have again retired to the south of the Rappahannock, and the relative positions in which the rival armies have stood for some months past have been restored. Gen. Lee has no doubt exer cised a sound discretion in contenting himself with having inflicted a heavy loss upon the Federal army, and embarrassed its operations by the destruction of a considerable portion of the line of rail by which it has hitherto received its supplies. On the other hand, the Grand Army of the Potomac is in no position to assume the offensive. The Confederates have chosen to retire, and, in the absence of opposi tion, the Federals will quietly return to their pre vious encampments. The Southern accounts of the recent operations which have now reached us afford no indication of the motives which induced Lee to assume the offensive. The destruction of the Orange and Alexandra Railroad is, however, regarded as in itself adequately repaying the Confederate general for his advance into Northern Virginia, and at Washington it is conceded that the damage done by the Confederates will have the effect of precluding attempts during the present year to advance on Richmond by Gordonville and Culpepper. It is not improbable that the diversion may have been dictated by a desire to insure, at least for some little time, the inactivity of Gen. Meade's forces, and thus enable the Confederate Commander-in-Chief to re inforce Bragg in Tennessee. Longstreet's division did good service at the battle of Chattanooga, and returned to the Rapidan to take part in the late operations. 'I he eAperiment of weakening the army covering Richmond probably appeared to Gen. Lee too hazardous to be ventured on a second time, with out in the first instance striking such a blow as would render an advance by the invading army extremely hazardous. It is reported at Washington that the Confederate general has already despatched two of the divisions of his army into Tennessee, and that with the remainder he proposes to hold the line of the Rapidan against any forces which under exist ing disadvantages Meade may be enabled to bring against him. This, although extremely probable, is, however, mere conjecture, es the Confederates invariably arrange their plans with such secresy, and execute them with such rapidity, as to leave their opponents iu ignorance of their movements until they have actually taken place. That Bragg needs reinforcements if the victory of Chattanooga is to be turned to account is tolerably evident. No attempt has been made to dislodge Rosencranz from his present position ; and, indeed, if General Long street's assistance was necessary to enable the Con federates to defeat the Federal forces in a pitched battle, similar aid would be still more essential now when attacking an army fighting behind entrench ments. However, the Confederates have at least gained this advantage that both in Tennessee and in Virginia they have compelled the Northern armies to content themselves with acting on the defensive. The tide of invasion, though not actu ally rolled back, has at least for the present been effectually stemmed. We know from experience that it is useless to address to the American nation arguments which have been often repeated and pro nounced incontrovertible by impartial observers on this side of the Atlantic. It is idle to attempt to demonstrate that the American Union can never be restored in its original integrity in the face of a blind and obstinate assertion that it can. It is useless to point to Virginia, and to the armies which for upwards of two years and a half have marched and countermarched over the narrow strip of ground which separates Richmond from Wash ington, and to ask by what means the North pro poses to acquire the absolute dominion of a terri tory whose area is measured by hundreds of thou sands of square miles. To arguments the North has always given one uniform reply : Europe knows nothing of what is going on in America; rebellion is on its last legs ; insurrection is virtually at an end ; the Federal arms are everywhere triumph ant; the spasmodic, and (as must be confessed), in some instances, successful struggle made by the armies of the South, are but the flickering of a taper before it is quenched in darkness. Nor is it aione in the field that the established Government has secured the smiles of fortune; never were the loyal States more prosperous, never was trade more brisk. Whilst the rebels in Richmond and Charleston are being reduced to beggary, the loyal citizens of Washington and New York are amassing fortunes. In a word, the population of the North, if the self constituted exponents of their opinions are to be trusted, were never happier or more contented than at present; never more zealous for the re-establish ment of the Union, and never possessed ampler means for effecting the realisation of their wishes. Under such circumstances America cannot help feeling amazed that Europe should entertain doubts of the re-establishment of the Union. Until there is an agreement as to the facts which furnish the premises of an argument, it is useless to attempt to dispute. We understand wealth, happiness, con tentment, and freedom in a different sense from our American kinsmen; or, what comes to the same I.hing,we entertain a different opinion of what goes to constitute them. But, however wealthy or wise, however, happy or contented, the population of the Northern States may be, there can be no excuse for their halting in the progress of that meritorious work in which they are at present engaged. If the Union is to be re-established, if the Northern and Southern States are, as previously, to constitute a single Republic, if, above all, some three or four millions of human beings are to be relieved from a state of bondage, surely the sooner all this is done the better. A state of war is not preferable to one of peace; and, however prosperous the loyal States may be at present, it is not pretended that their prosperity would not be enhanced on the suppres sion of the existing revolt. Why, then, does the North, with its vast wealth and boundless resources, hesitate to strike the final blow ? Why is a con clave of traitors still permitted to assemble within a hundred arid fifty miles of the capital ? Why does a proclamation which gave freedom to the slaves of every disloyal citizen still remain a dead letter ? These are questions to which, in common h consistency, the Federal Governinentshould furnish some replies. If the Northern populatio,n d Northern resources are what Mr. Lincolnt: stration boldly declare them to be, then e bdy termi excuse for not bringing the war to a eAaredmisinnt n av a a ti i e l n is . it l t f o th u o p y ho a l r d e h sooner Or anodte,cethpetinonlewt ilssePask cf what later, must entail ruin upon all those who Are parties to it.___.-----_-_—_—___. T H E SOUTH WALES ONWOKS. —This week there has been a general Ironworks a dvance in wages at the t o th e puddlers, ballers, and oth er skilled workmen. South Wales The r i s e at the majority of the work s IR R •7i per i s 10 per cent. o n the whole scale, while at some two or th re e of t h e works the a dvance has only been 5 and The labourers and othe r s employed at the works are also cent. t o receive a rise, bonersthe xact amount ha s no t ya t b ee n deeided on by all the s. • [A D VERTISEMENT.]-11olloway's Pills and Ointment.-- Nr to-day Nature's re m' disease, y r s Monitor.—Pain is the indic a t or o f some disorder o and should never be n eg l ec t e d , fox the pain of rove the agony of t o - morrow. Holloway's medicaments stand pre-eminently forward, and are every where commended, for quickly removing all maladies when the least uneasiness has discovered their seat and kind. These remedies so purify the blood and regulate its circu lation that every organ acts perfectly, and every secretion is natural, which is health, and may be secured by every invalid at a trifling outlay. The purpose of Holloway's re medies is to mitigate suffering, abolish pain, and extinguish disease;and they nobly effect this obj ec t, O ne tr i a l w ill contiolf)o the most sceptical. I COUNTRY MARKETS. -_-_--,rte-__.~..~. LIVERPOOL-FRIDAY. At this day's market we had a moderate attendance both of millers and dealers. There was a fair demand for all descriptions of wheat, which fully supported the prices cur rent on Tuesday last. Flour held for 6d per barrel higher, but buyers were not disposed to comply. Barley a slow sale, at late rates. Oats and oatmeal steady. Beans and peas at Gd per quarter over Tuesday's rates. Indian corn. dull of sale. STAMFORD-FRIDAY. White wheat, 40s to 42s ; red, 36s to 40s per 36 stone. Barley, malting, 35s to 38s ; grinding, 31s to 30s per qr. Oats, 18s :to 26s per 24 stone. Beans, old, 40s to 42s per qr. ; new, 34s to 365. WAKEFIELD-FRIDAY. The wheat trade is firm to-day, with a moderate show. Last Friday's rates were fully maintained. Barley a slow sale. Oats, beans, and shelling unchanged. CORK—FRIDAY. The following were tho quo t a ti o ns this morning :—Red wheat, 7s 3d to 8s 9J; white, 7s 3d to ack 9s 3d do , b 4s 4arley,d to 5s Od to 8s Od ; oats, 5s Od to Gs Ed ; bl., 53 Gd. DUBLIN—FRIDAY. No change of any importance in the character of our corn market to-day. s. d. s. d. s. (1. s. d. 0 to C Wheat, white.. 23 0t025 0 Beans.. •• 12 Do., red .. 20 0t023 0 Bere .. 12 otol3 0 Do., new .... oto 0 Rapeseed .... 21 oto 25 0 Barley Oats Do., black — 0 to 0 Indian corn .. 27 oto 28 0 BRISTOL SUGAR—FRIDAY. There has been a good business doing here at prices fully is per cwt. higher than last week. Refiners' produce sells freely at is advance. COAL lg Frloes of Coal per Ton al s. d. Bower's West Hartley.l6 6 Bya,ss's Bebside West _ _ _ .ARKET. the dose of the market. 8. el. Hartley l6 6 Buddle'sWest Hartley 16 6 Lambert's West Hart- ley 16 3 Norton's Anthracite 22 0 Eden Main lB 0 Wylam 17 6 Cowpen Hartley 16 6 Haswell Crns l4 6 Ships at mark, Walls End. Tunstall .. l7 3 Hetton 2O 0 Riddell..... l7 6 Acorn Close.. ..17 6 Haswell Trimdon liartlepool...l9 9 Heugh Hail 18 6 South Kenos. 18 6 Braddyll's Hetton 18 9 South Hetton...... 2O 0 East Hartlepool's , 2O 0 ,t, 62 ; sold, 52. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE TRAFFIC RECEIPTS FOR THE WEEK. Miles Opened. Reeelpto.-* 1863. 1862. Railway's. 1863. 1862 X X Belfast and N. Counties 136 136 2,053 2,022 Belfast and County Down 49 49 662 647 Blyth and Tyne 2B 28 1,769 1,459 Bristol and Exeter 1214 1214 6,234 6,191 Caledonian Cockermouth& Workington B4 84 325 243 Cork and Bandon 2O 20 381 375 Cork, Blackrock, & Passage Cork and Youghal Cornwall 654 53} 1,530 1, 231 Deeside l7 17 253 262 Dublin & Belfast Junction 63 63 1,453 1,557 Dublin and Drogheda 75 63 1 , 839 1,700 Dublin and Meath Dub. & Wicklow and Wextd 5ll 484 2,119 2,165 Edinburgh and Glasgow l69} 169} 8 , 591 7 . 519 Forth & Clyde Junction 3O 30 - - Furness, &c 5O 50 2,613 2,777 Glasgow & South-Western Gt. Eastern,Nrik.,&E.Union 663 644 32,982 31,204 Great Northern 351 351 31,898 34,750 Great North of Scotland 5B 58 1,670 A,573 lit..Northn. & Westn. (Irel.) 7ll 064 515 453 'it.Southn. & Westn.(lrlnd.) 3734 329 8,111 8,00 Great Western 10564 10324 59,254 60.5 27 Inverness & Aberdeen June 864 86} 1,492 1,28 5 Inverness & Perth Junction 1194 - 1, 3 1 2 Irish North-Western 145 145 1,588 1,947 Lancashire & Yorkshire 395} 395 33,668 32,809 Limerick and Ennis... 2ll 24 170 210 Limerick and Foynes 264 26 146 154 Llanelly 46/ 461 567 433 London & North-Western London and Blackwall . 51 54 1,760 1,812 London & South-Western ... 4504 4411 20,557 21.61 0 Loud. Brighton, &S. Coast... 2611 2414 18,184 20,520 London, Chatham, ,1; Dover.. 72} 72} 6,140 3 917 Do. Metropolitan Extension 10 54 1,220 200 Lond., Tilbury, & Southend .. 42} 424 1,370 1,263 alan.,Sheffield, & Lincolnsh .. 239} 239} 15,663 14,92 2 Manch. S.Jun.&Altrincham.. 9} 9} 1,122 1,008 Maryport and Carlisle Metropolitan 3l - 1,828 - Midland (incl. N.-Western) 641 6144 44,498 41,04 6 Midland Gt.Westn. of !rind 2594 1924 4,470 4,304 Monkland 714 714 1,623 1,384 Moumouthsh. Rail. & Canal 44 44 2,515 2,379 North British, Edin., Perth and Dundee N-Eastern and Stock. & DarL 1095 10771 56,393 52,514 North London 9 9 3,278 3, 091 North Staffordshire 254 252 8,600 7.96 9 Oswestry and Newton 5O 42 1,223 1,01 1 Rhymney 194 194 1,010 905 St. Helen's Canal & Railway 52 52 2,0 i 6 2,146 Scottish Central Scottish North-Eastern 138 3 Somerset and Dorset 66 1 39 21 4,862699 4.108 South Devon ... S ou th-E as tern 306 306 20,762 22,318 Taff Vale 57 55 5,837 4,37' Ulster 644 51 2,102 1,837 Vale of Clwyd.. Vale of Neath 32} 25} 2,307 1.659 Waterford and Kilkenny 3l 31 347 361 Waterford and Limerick 77 77 1,799 1,728 West Cornwall 274 274 730 711 W. II artlepool Harbr. &Hail. W'haven,Cleator,& Egrmut 7 7 6 , 3 336 2 Whitehaven Junction l2 12 1008 7 11 Whitehaven & Furness Jun 35 35 80 0 "1 FOREIGN AND COLONIAL. Antwerp and Rotterdam 52 52 1,493 1, 1 18 „, 4 Austrian B 2B 828 34 , 254 4e .` , ; Belgian Eastern Junction 26 264 312 Bombay, Baroda, & Cen. India 185 132 } 1,414 1,4 09 084 Buffalo and Lake Huron l6l 161} 2 , 772 2,- .4 Detroit and Milwaukie lB9 18 5 5,313 4.0.1' Dutch Rhenish . lOBl 1081 4,64 4.0 24 Eastern of France East Indian Grand Trunk of Canada lO9O 1090 19,52 3 19,123 Great Indian Peninsula 5384 4370 5,527 5,!r, Great Luxembourg 134 134 4439 4'382 Great Southern of India Great Western of Canada 345 345 13,337 13,v,, , Madrid, Saragossa &Alicant O5O 490 18, 0 77 17,60 1 Northern of Canada . Northern of France 725 725 58,679 54,776 Norwegian Trunk Ottoman Paris, Lyons, & Mediterrn lBO5 1676 154,478 141, ; 5, ' Paris and Orleans 1614 1431 69,569 63,1 0 Pernambuco .... 774 485 Royal Danish 69 69 710 7 ° ° Sambre and Meuse 6B 68 1,538 1,54 1 South Austrian Southern of France ........... 770 680 28.440 27,253 Victorian 196 151 7,525 4,776 Welland West Flanders 75 75 W. and N.W. of France. 932 813 46,385 41,6 Foreign Mail Packet List, MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton. ..Nov. 18 ' via Marseilles ..Nov. 12. brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. N ov . 4. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena.. Nov. 3 9' China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton. Nov. 1 0 ' via Marseilles ...Nov. 1" Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton Nov. 11 ° ' India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via South am pt o n Nov. 13 ' via Marseilles Nov. 13' India (Bombay), via Southampton Nov.ll: via Marseilles Nov. a• Portugal.... Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Nev. 1 1 ' via Marseilles Nov. °' Newfoundland Oporto and Vigo .. U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.... Nov. 12 ' __ _ . by U.S. , packet by Canadian packet Nov. 7:, W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Tenerife.. Nov. 1 " . Bahamas, via New York Nov. 19. Mexico.. All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru' Nov. 13. California. and British Columbia.. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Horniman's pure Tea; very choice at 3s. 4d. a nd 4s. " High Standard" at 4s. 4d. (formerly 49. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every town supply it in packets. TERRIBLY SIGNIFICANT!—At the now completed matriculation of students at the Warsaw University it wail found that no less than 200 of the students inscribed last term have found their death on the battle -field. Their' total number is about 500. Births. 18-" I malrr —On the s th inst.. at 3, Ca nnon - p l ace , Irayer f stead, N. 8., the wife of Henry Ward Kilburn, Esq., ° a son. P ON SFORD.—On the sth inst., a t 33, Howle y -Pace' the wife of Wm. Ponsford, Esq,, of a son. SAUNDERS.—On the 6th inst., at Chobham House, B ar shot, the wife of Hugh Ward Saunders, Esq., of a WEBBER.—At Dugshai, N.W. Provinces, India, the W at Capt. Webber, 42d Royal Highlanders, of a son. Marriages. ly. HARRISON—DONN ELL.—On the sth inst at St. PA Ll ' o t Stayley, William Henry, son of A. Harrison,.sq".j. Staleybridge, t o Mary Matilda, the second daughter 01 Donnell, Esq., of Brookfield, Staleybridge. RAXSOM E — GRoss.—On. the 4th inst. at Alderton, a tpeH Th,.. Edward Ransome, Esq., youngest son of Robert 13 1 . 9 o f "M P , Esq,, of Ipswich, to Ali ce , youngest daughte r the late Samuel Chilton Gross, Esq., of Alderton. Deaths. GOULD.—Od the sth inst., Mrs. Elizabeth Gould, of PO' terrace, Newington, aged 70. GRIFFITIL—On the 4th inst., at Weston-super-Mare, ty Rev. Joseph Palmer Griffith, vicar of North 13avo Wilts, aged 57. GRIFFITHS.—Ort the let inst., at Kempsey, Charles Joh_ li Griffiths, Esq., formerly of the 14th Light Dragoonof aged 53.' - - HUNT.—On the sth inst., at Montagu...square, Jacks°lll(. Hunt, Esq., aged 75. RILEY.—On the 4th inst., at Forest-hill, Windsor, IVl th Felix Riley, Esq., aged 71. R.I.P. STYLES.—On the 6th inst., at Hastings, Richard Styles, Esq., aged 64. ST. JoHN.—On the 4th inst., a t'S y d e nham-hill, Frederick • St. John, Esq., aged 54. : Prit.a.d and Pu'.iislied by WILLIAIt ANON , 4 London ot No. 112, Strand, P r inter, at THE Sux Office No. 11.! Strand, in the Precinct of the savoy, n the CountY hfilditOex.--SatUrgay, NoVqinper 7, 1803. fors obt 015 be c of a o•nt . - ToE /or St. ti 01 of re S' the an hot