The Sun. — London, England, 1833-02-22 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THM PUBLIC JOURNALS As an instance of the improved feeling towards the people, displayed by a Reformed Parliament, we may refer to the appointment of a Committee, on the motion of Mr. Slaney, " to consider the best means of securing open places in the vicinity of po pulous towns as public walks, calculated to promote the comfort of the inhabitants." It has been too much the fashion of late years to consider the people merely as part of the machinery by which rich per sons are supplied with the means of enjoyment. The village greens, the footpaths have been stolen from them in various ways; and huge assemblages of houses, called towns, have made their appearance, in which the poor are huddled together in unpaved undrained streets, without any public walks for an exercise and amusement. Every one who visits the continent is struck with the care taken, in all the cities and towns, to provide public walks where the people may enjoy themselves. One of the conse quences of extending the franchise must necessarily be the supplying the rich with a motive to think of the poor, not as mere instruments of toil, or subjects for penal discipline, but as fellow -creatures, entitled to have their fair share of happiness. It 6s been again and again remarked, that there is no part of Europe in which the recreations of the poor are looked on with so evil an eye as in England. Not only wakes and fairs have been rigorously put down by busy intermeddling Magistrates, but in many cases they have endeavoured to prevent public-houses from having seats at their doors, on which the poor might enjoy air and refreshment at the same time. The very sight of a poor man en joying any indulgence is like Mordecai at the King's gate to the diciplinarians of this country. .And yet we hear wonders often expressed that the tsoor, towards whom so little sympathy is shown, should be rude and more mischievous than the poor of the continent. A working man of Paris or Berlin does not feel himself degraded as a poor man of London does. He sees himself everywhere treated with respect, and he consequently respects others. The king of Prussia, in his daily walks along the Linden Strasse, does not separate himself from his people, or display any of the exclusive feeling which so unfavourably distinguishes the higher ranks of England. The Emperor of Austria, at Vienna, tnixes with the people as one of themselves. No disposition is shewn to drive the people into holes and corners, to limit t heir pleasures to the beastly in dulgence of intoxication in public-houses. Music, the great humanizer of mankind, and which con stitutes so great a share of the enjoyments Hof the poor on the continent, is envied the poor in this country. Let us hope that better times are at band, and that the various classes will be bound together by kindly feelings, instead of viewing eath other with envy and uncharitableness, as in times past. Several of the Members last night did themselves much honour by the mode in which they opposed themselves to the hypocritical attempts of late times to harass the poor. What fell from Mr. George Lamb is the more deserving of attention, from the influence which his situation gives to his opinions. "He doubted whether much more might not be done to promote the object of the Hon. Member (Mr. Slaney) by Magistrates of towns, which he called local legislatures, than by Parlia ment. At the same time he had no objection to the trial of the experiment, and expressed the great pleasure it always gave him to see people who worked hard all the week innocently enjoying themselves on Sunday. He hoped that nothing would at any time be attempted to cloud the general sunshine of the cheerful Sabbath in this country. —(Much cheering.)" The Magistrates 1 Why these are the very men who are eternally busy in putting an end to these enjoyments. Of all the places in the neighbourhood of London, there is none, per haps, upon the whole, more agreeable than Green wich, with its Park, and Blackheath. It had been the custom for years, for pony-chaises and asses with saddles to ply on the Heath on Sundays for the be nefit of the Cockney visiters. This last summer appeared an ukase, signed by the clerk of a Bench of Magistrates, by their authority, indcrdicting this innocent enjoyment to the visiters. The' Princess Sophia of Gloucester, the Ranger of the Park, is a humane arid considerate lady; but she has been pestered to death by these despots to interfere with the enjoyments of the poor, and to her credit she has always turned a deaf ear to the applications. Mr. Lamb will find that benches of Magistrates arc almost uniformly tyrants of the poor. But when corporations come to be responsible to the respec tive communities, and the system of self-election arid election for life shall be destroyed, then we may expect more care taken to provide for the health and recreation of the poor. These are objects of far more consequence than vulgar purse-proud men conceive they are. Kindness begets kindness. A benevolent man seldom meets with an ungrateful return. Even a dog cart distinguish between a be• nevolent and a forbidding countenance. The great object with all men is happiness ; arid whatever tends to increase the mass of innocent pleasure and happiness can never be unimportant to a rational being. Mr. Portman alluded to the stopping up of footpaths, and announced an intention of bringing in a Bill which will render this dishonourable prac tice very difficult. Mr. Benett thought clauses might be advantageously introduced into private Bills, reserving open ground for the people. These are all favourable symptoms.-11sforning Chronicle. Our impression that Ministers would act prudent ly in revising so much of the " pacification" Bill as goes to the establishment r,f military courts in Ire land strengthens, the more we reflect upon the sub ject. We hold that if there be one maxim of state policy less liable to exception than another, it is that which prescribes the exclusion of the British army at home from the exercise (as an army) of ad but its regular, professional, military functions. For the sake of the army itself, for its discipline, for its popu larity with the nation, and consequent efficiency,— for the sake, above all, of the supreme and para mount character of our civil institutions, and of the subordinate and subservient condition in e hich the military ought to be at all times maintained in refe rence to them, the lives, persons, or liberties of Bri tish subjects should not be made dependent on the will of those who constitute the armed force of the country, save only when, under the orders of magis trates, and in execution of the acknowledged laws of the land, that force is directly employed to put down il legal violence and outrage. The substitution of military for civil judges is necessary when martial law has been proclaimed, because then it is taken for granted that the army is inthe presence of either an invading or a domestic enemy, and the chief of the army be coming responsible for the safety of the whole State, must be enabled to act through a machinery of laws and instruments, the operation of which, being familiar with it, he is qualified to regulate and control. The slow and complex forms of our com mon or statute law, if suffered to possess a rival jurisdiction to the law military, might defeat the most necessary measures of the martial authorities, taken in time of open warfare for the protection of the realm. But is martial law proclaimed in Ire land, and the military power given dominion over every other i) No ; for we find that this Bill up holds the authority of Magistrates and police con stables in the proclaimed districts, compelling the army, in some respects, to execute their orders, as being an inferior and strictly Ministerial power. Houses to be broken open must be so by warrant of Justices, and other acts of provocation to distur bance are to proceed from the civil functionaries, having the troops to aid them; thus, by the exer cise of a magisterial rigour, which the officers of the a rmy are unable to mitigate, but are, on the con trary, bound to enforce, cuttin g out work for the same officers in their other capacity of judges, and exposing them to a double portio n o f obloquy and resentment from the people. This, how well soever intended, is no way to pacify Ireland, though ' uothing, we are sure, could be designed with more anxious and laudable solicitude for that unhappy country. The qu est i on i s , has Government been driven by pure lack of better materials to ransack the army for criminal judges in Ireland ? We can not conceive the exi,telice of t,ocli a , strange lity. These are at least an hundred Irish barristers of competent qualification to try the several species of offences turned over by this Act to two-year-olds, in sc )rlet jackets. There are the assistant bairis ters-30 or 40 of them—for the several Irish coun ties or divisions of counties, all more fitted than military men to sit in judgment on the transgressors of this Act of Parliament. Such men would not be liable, as we conceive, to any attempt at intimida tion. But, say those friends of Ministers who differ with us in opinion, " the jurors are intimidated." There are two modes of meeting this defence ofcourts martial f. The Court composed of three or five barristers would, we take for granted, be not less worthy of the "double trust" of judges and jurymen than would the five, seven, or nine soldiers, of twenty-one years of age and upwards, who are now to be elevated to that conjoint office. If Ministers should be disposed to feel as we do, that the benefits of trial by jury should still be afforded, even under adverse or difficult circumstances, to our fellow-subjects, so long as any substratum for such a constitutional tribunal shall be found, they will summon special juries, which, it is known by experience, have hitherto faithfully performed their duty, and have not been affected by any manoeuvres of intimidation to acquit a criminal whom they ought of right to have con victed. It might be borne in mind, though, from what we hear of the Ministerial vindication, it appears to have been overlooked or misapprehended, that in our article of Wednesday last we did not advise that the plan of common juries should be persisted in—we expressly suggested " special" juries. Special jurymen would be composed from the very class who, it is admitted, are generally exempt from the menaces or out rages of the offending peasantry. They would be taken from the same class as are magistrates and grand jurors. We acknowledge freely that the system of com mon Juries has broken down in the disturbed parts of Ireland from terror, and that another form of tribunal must be resorted to ; but that admission dues not extend to a preference for courtsmartial over courts like those which we have above re spectfully recommended. It is still, indeed, our hope and trust that as his Majesty's Government cannot by possibility have a different object in view from that which is aimed at by all other hottest men, viz., the fair and effective administration of justice, they may yet reconsider this unfortunate courtmartial clause. It is stated, and with reason, in answer to our objection as to witnesses being still intimidated, notwithstanding the provisions of this Act, that whatever tends generally to crush lawless power, and to re-establish a confidence in the public authorities, Insist of necessity tend like wise to restore the self-possession of witnesses, and their willingness to support the laws; but it is beg ging the whole question to say that courtsmartial will pacify the country. We cannot close these remarks without once more recurring to that strange and puzzle-pared feature in the Bill—the power given to certain parties " to demand admission into any house the inhabitants of which are suspected to he absent, and to make forcible entry," if such inhabitants do not come forth in order to ascertain that they are really absent Now, since absence is a crime, and may be ascertained or assumed simply by the silence or non-appearance of the said inha bitants when summoned, it does strike us to be an eminent and highly ludicrous blunder that an odious violation of domestic privacy should be put in force under this law for the sake of proving that which has been already made abundantly manifest with out it.— Times. We imagine that the introduction of the " coer cive measure" in the House of Commons will be a siop to all other business of interest or importance. When once Lord Grey's courtmartial shall be fairly called to the Bar, the payment of the assessed taxes will be made sub si!entio, and the nation's perfidy towards Holland will be demonstrated and repro bated in vain. The fidelity of our Levellers to their work of destruction is exemplary. Whenever the forms of the House allow—and whenever the forms of the House forbid—they are alike forward to pro test against the severity which punishes rebellion, and the mercy which suffers loyalty to exist. When they shall have submitted to them so copious a theme for their eloquence as that which the " coer c:ve measure" will afford, it would be doing them gross injustice to suppose that they w ill waste one thought either upon our interest at home or upon our honour abroad. Oh no ! the Levellers will not easily relax their hold of the " coercive measure_" Be it good or be it bail, it is a measure which they who introduce it are utterly unable to defend, with. out an abandonment of recently expressed opinions, which, even in our days, is marvellous. The gladia tors of the mountain will not overlook so delicious an opportunity. O'Connell is conning the despatches of his emissaries; Shed is turning over the Parlia mentary debates ; Grattan is softening disappro bation into frenzy ; Ruthven is condensing one hour into six. Whatever may be our opinion of the ta lents, of the judgment, of the probity, of the new House of Commons, we believe, at least, that the Bill for preserving of life, the securing of property, the restoring of order in Ireland, will be passed by a large majority; but we are sure, nevertheless, that the Agitator has a sufficient force in the House of Commons to embarrass where he cannot expect to defeat, and postpone where he cannot hope to pre vent. Why do we make these remarks ? That we may impress upon our friends, in whatsoever name, Tory or Conservative, they may most rejoice, the absolute necessity of supporting the Govern ment in the passing of this Bill. They must support the Government not only against ho nest opposition, but against factious interruption. Let their first object—for a time their only object— be to make the lives of Protestants, and the pre perry of Protestants, and the religion of Protestants, secure against murder and robbery, and profanation. We exhort our friends to assist the Government in the carrying or the " coercive measure," because we know that the Governnment cannot carry the " coercive measure" without Me assistance of our ftiends.—Morning Post. The Right Honourable MICHAEL ANGELO Tavr.on having been a Member of the House of Com mons, with very little intermission, ever since 1784, is, we believe, the father of the present House. In . the early part of his political career the Right Hon. Gent'e. man acquired the appellation of " the Chicken." At any rate he is no chicken now. O❑ Monday last, in consequence of instruc tions from Lord DUNCANNON, 200 additional workmen were engaged o❑ the works of the new Palace, in St. James's Park, his MAJESTY having expressed a wish to have the marble archway finished, and the boarding in front taken down, to enable the public to see the Palace to Inure advantage. Madame ELIZABETH MARA, the once cele brated singer (whose maiden name was Schemling, of Cassel), died at Revel, on January 20, in the 84th year of her age. A Russian Nobleman, a few years ago, solicited the hand of Madame MARA in marriage, stating, as an inducement to her consent, that she would be called " Your Excellency." "Ah !" replied the ancient syren, " there are many Excellencies in Russia, but there is only one Madame MARA." THE GAGGING GREY BILL-DROGHEDA. On Sunday a public meeting, convened by requisition, was held in the town of Drogheda, to petition Parliament against the measures cf coercion projected for Ireland.— Dublin Morning Register. The four Irish Representative Prelates for the present Session of Parliament are the Archbishop of Dos- LIN, and the Bishops of OSSORY, CLONFERT, and KILLA LA. THE FEMALE NOBILITY OF ENGLAND.— The Fourth Number of " The Portrait Gallery of Dis tinguished Females," just published, contains Engravings of the Marchioness of LONDONDERRY, the Countess of GUILDFORD, and Lady J. A. PEEL, with accompanying Memoirs by JOHN BURKE, Esq. The first three numbers include some very charming Portraits—Countesses GOWER, CHARLEVILLE, BELFAST-.—Ladle, BECKET, Do sea, J. TrirraNE, J. A. BRYDGES, &c., from Paintings by LAWRENCE, JACKSON, SHEE, PICKERSGILL, &C. &C. This attractive Series, which is to be comprised in 24 half-a-crown numbers, we understand is in curse of publi cation every fortnight, in order that the whole may be issued within the present year. For want of a proper understanding of the law, or perhaps for want of a law on the subject, the immense oyster beds in the vicinity of this port are greatly dete riorated, and millions of young oysters annually destroyed. It is intended to originate a Bill, regulating the dredging for oysters, and to enforce penalties for disturbing the beds during the spatting months, which are understood to be May, June, and July,— , Hampshire Telegraph. cOMMON COUNCIL. (Concluded from The Sun of y(sterday.) A report was brought forward from the farringdon street Committee recommending the Court to petition Parliament for leave to bring in a Bill for effecting an im provement, by opening a new street from Holborn-hridg e , opposite Farringdon•s'reet, to communicate with the county of Middlesex, leading to the great North-road, provided, on a further report from the Committee, that the Court should agree to adopt a proposed plan and estimate for that purpose. _ . The report was negatived by a considerable majority. 'lhe Court agreed with a report front the London Bridge Committee recommending the Corporation to declare their di•:sent to the proposed Greenwich railroad. The Finance Committee presented a report on the state of the city's finances, which was agreed to, A report from the Tithe Committee relative to the claims for tithes at 2s. 9,1. in the pound in some parishes in Ihe City, and on the subject cf a decision of the House of Lords on an appeal respecting them before their Lord ships in the year 1830, was agreed to, and the Committee directed to prepare au abstract of those proceedings, a n d cause it to be printed for the Members. A motion was made to petition Parliament against Sun d iy trading, but an objection being taken on the ground of there not being a Court the matter dropped. A requisition for another Court upon the subject was banded to the Lord Mayor. MIDDLESEX MAGISTRATES. Yesterday a numerous meeting of the Middlesex Magis_ trates took place at the Session-house, Clerkenwell-green, ft,r the despatch of public busi❑ess. Mr. B. HALL was appoints 3 Chairman for the day. On the motion of Sir J. GIBSON, Mr. MmtutorT was re-elected Chairman of Sessions for the ensuing half year. Lord K ENYON stated that he had recently seen Mr. Marriott, who continued much indisposed, but entertained .anguine hopes of being able to resume his official duties by the next session. The committee of accounts reported that Mr. Sebley, the late county surveyor, had claimed a payment of 2i per cent. on 12,0001. expended on the erection of a new ward to the House of Correction. The committee recom mended that only 14 per cent. be allowed, with 201. ad ditional for extra drawings and plans.—Agreed to. The Visiting Magistrates of the House of Correction reported the nuinber of prisoners to be 787 males, 252 females, and nine children, and that they were generally berlthy. It was agreed to present Mr. Wakefield, the surgeon of the prisons, with a gratuity of a hundred guineas, in con sequence of the extra attendance required from him owing to the prevalence of the cholera during the summer. The prisoners in the New Prison were reported to be 359; viz., 268 males, 82 females, and nine children. A long and desultory conversation took place on the salary and duties of Chairman. It was resolved by a con i.Aeraltle majority th it application be made to Parliament to enable the Court to make the Chairman's salary amount to 1,200/. per annum, by means of a cqunty rate, to the extent of the difference between that sum and 750/, the salary proposed by Government. A communication from the City Authorities was read and entered on the mi nutes, objecting to the arrangement of Sessions business, which has been so long under the consideration of the County Magistrates. EVIDENCE ON THE FACTORY BILL.• They were told that the recent disclosures in the House of Commons respecting the factory system were not on oath. Why, no, neither were the statements of the writers in question on oath. In a Court of Justice an oath was the condition for admitting testimony calling for punishment on another, or for reward to the person making the oath. But it was not necessary for every gentleman who stated a fact on his own veracity, and who had no interest one way or the other, to mike an affidavit of what he asserted. Oh, but the evidence was ex parte. Why, this was as if a man was to be knocked down in the streets, and get his brains ahro,st beaten out, and upon ap pearing before a Mazistrate to make his complaint was told that his evidence was ex parte. Thus, when they pro ceeded to develop the injuries of the factory system to the health and morals of the infant population engaged in it, they were told that their statements were ex parte. Yes, and so were the twisted spines, the scrofulous diseases, the affections of the lungs, and the numerous other maladies engendered by the present factory system. When he (Mr. CONDY) was very young, he used to think that sufficient food and clothing, and a reasonable portion of air and exercise, were necessary for health and comfort. He had livid, however, to have his notions amended. He found that evidence was given to prove that there was nothing so healthful as a polluted atmosphere; that nothing con duced so much to strengthen the human frame as fourteen hours' labour per day on all above seven years of age; and that food was almost a superfluity.—Extract from a striking speech of Mr. Canny, at Manchester. FAMILY OF THE EX-KING OF FRANCE.- Extract of a letter of 24th January :—" In whatever chateau we may be placed, we must lay our account with missing the ronzforts to which we became habituated dur ing our stay with you. You may judge of this when I say, that in these matters the Austrians are as much be hind the French as the French are behind the English. You, who have lived in Paris, can understand, by what you found wanting in the French apartments, the degree of absence of accommodation which we experience here. The Imperial Chateau is perhaps worse furnished than others, as it is not often occupied by its owner, but in it they de not seem to know the use of curtains either for beds or for windows ; there are ❑o carpets, nor chimneys, nor mirrors, nor any of the many things with which your rooms are filled. The furniture is principally made of common white wood, sometimes with a little paint on it. The best p'eces are of oak, but the fortis and style is far from making up for the coarseness of the material. For about a month we have had a temperature 10 to 12 deg. below freezing (5 to 10 deg. Fahrenheit's scale) with a clear sky and little wind.".—Scotsman. ISLE OF WIGHT.—We have not yet heard of any shipwrecks on our coasts during the dreadful gales of the past week, but from the numb 'r of hats and great coats which have been picked up along the shore, near Brook, it is strongly suspected that a sailing packet or steamer must have foundered, and all hands perished. Portsmo Oh Herald. Missoußl.--The census of Missouri, as recently taken by authority of the State, presents an ag gregate of 173,276 souls, of whom 32,164 are slaves. The number of white males, we observe, exceeds that of the white females by nearly 9,000 souls. —New York Paper. MELANCHOLY DEATH OF CAPT. BOYLE BY THE OVERTURNING OF A MAIL COACH.--The Cork mid-day mail-coach, on entering Abbeyleix at a rapid rate on Tuesday night last, came in contact with a stone fence, which surrounds a tree at Mr. MoLLov's corner, and was upset. Lights having been procured, Captain BOYLE, one of the outside passengers, was discovered lying under the body of the coach in an apparently senseless state; in a short time after, being extricated, he faintly exclaimed —" Oh, I will never see my wife and children again !" Dr. BOX WELL was quickly in attendance, and had the unfortu nate gentleman removed on a bed to an adjacent house, where, on examination, it was discovered that the upper and lower jaws were fractured, the chest, back and collar bone broken—the body was altogether crushed in a frightful manner. After enduring great torture for near an hour, life became extinct. An inquest was held in the court-house before Mr. DELANY, Coroner, anil a respectable jury. Lord DE VESCI and other magistrates were in attendance. Several witnesses were examined, who deposed the fore going facts. The jury returned the following verdict:— " We find that A. BOYLE, Esq., came by his death in consequence of the upset of the Cork mail-coach, which fell upon his body in the town of Abbeyleix, on the evening of the 12th of February, 1833, occasioned by the furious and imprudent driving of NICHOLAS BYRNE, the coach man and driver of PETER PURCELL, Esq., and Co., the proprietors of said coach, and on which coach we find a deodend of 50/. sterling." The ill-fated deceased resided near Littleton, and was a magistrate of the county of Tip perary, and highly connected. lie was on his return from Dublin to his now afflicted wife and 10 children. —Dublin Freeman's Journal UNITED AGES EXTRAORDINARY.—We lead that " Methuselah lived nine hundred, sixty and nine years, and he died." But since artificial refinements were well known and much practised, the life of man has been greatly contracted. Death, ind ee d, h as somet i mes spare d a Parr or a Jenkins, many years beyond the measure of " threescore years and ten." He sometimes permits near neighbours to enjoy a long life together; as in the small village of Stonegrave, near Malton, where, until 1832, lived five venerable old men and their wives, whose united ages made Bbs years. But one of these ornaments, like the patriarchs, sleepeth ; and his wife having left the vil lage, the remaining four men and their wives, whose united ages make 670 years, are left t o en j oy t h e soc i ety o f fi ve of their neighbours, living in the same village, whose ages, added to the same number of years, make 1,049. The village of Stonegrave contains about thirty-four families, and one hundred and thirty-six inhabitants.— York Courant. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. HOUSE OF LORDS, FEBRUARY 21. Earl GREY presented a petition from Hexham, pray ing for the abolition of slavery; also another petition from some other place to the same effect ; also a petition from Scotland, praying for the better observance of the S thbath. Lord TEYNHAM presented two petitions —one from Wrotham, and the other from Higham Wycombe, both in the county of Kent, praying for the abolition of tithes. Lord FEVERS HAM presented a petition from York shire, praying that the provisions of the Beer Act might be amended. The Bishop of BA fH and WELLS presented a petition from the city of Bath, praying for the better observance of the S ibbath. Lord DURHAM presented a petition from Durham, Gateshead, and Stockton-upon-Tees, praying for the better observance of the Sllibatli. Lord WHARNCLIFFE presented a petition from a congregation of Protestant Dissenters in Gloucester, pray ing for the abolition of slavery. Lord SUFFIELD presented a petition from the Protest ant Dissenters of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, to the like effect. Earl GREY brought in a Bill to provide for the more administration of justice in Ireland, by changing the venue in certain cases.—To be read a second time to marrow. SUPPRESSION OF DISTURBANCES (IRELAND BILL. The Earl of SHAFTESBURY brought up the report of the Committee on the Irish Coercive Bill. Many of the amendments made in the Committee were agreed to. Earl GREY moved that a proviso be inserted at the end of one of the clauses, to the effect, that Counsel for the prisoners before the courtstnartial should have the right to examine and cross-examine witnesses the same as in courts of law. He thought this a most important security to the prisoner, and be was also of opinion that it would tend much to shorten the time occupied in the trials. At present the prisoner had the right to put any question his Counsel thought proper, but it had to be put in writing before the President. After a desultory conversation across the table, in which the J)uke of Cumberland, the Lord Chancellor, the Earls Grey and Harrowby, Viscount Beresford, and Lord Ellen borough, took part, the amendment was agreed to. After some observations from the Earl of LONGFORD, several clauses were agreed to, with a few verbal amend ments. Ball GREY proposed a clause for the prevention of signals calling tumultuous assemblies together, mak.. log it a misdemeanor to do so which was cognizable by the courtamlrtial in the proclaimed districts, and the com mon law courts in other parts. After a words from the Earl of HARROWBY, the clause was agreed to. The other amendments were then agreed to, and the Bill ordered to be printed, and read a third time to-mor row.—The House then sojourned. II OUSE OF COMMONS, Fl RBUIRy 21. Mr. DIVETT brought in a Bill to establish Water Works at Exeter, which was read a first time. On the motion of Mr. Ald. WOOD, a new writ was ordered for the city of London, in the room of Mr. Ald. Wai th man, deceased. Mr. GILLON presented a petition from Falkirk against nocturnal Colonel BUTLER presented two petitions from parishes in Kilkenny, praying for a redress of grievances, complain ing of grand jury jobbing, and praying for a total abolition of tithes and church cess, and for the restoration of do mestic legislation. Mr. B. THOMPSON presented two petitions from Burlington against negro slavery. Mr. BENETT presented a petition from the inhahi- tants of Liverpool, signed by upwards of 3,000 person: complaining of the manner in which the last electio❑ m Liverpool was conducted, and praying the House to dis- franchise the freemen of the borough. The petitioners stated, that the system of bribery which had been carried on at Liverpool had increased rather than diminished, and they, therefore, despaired of the probability of any im provement in the election of Members of Parliament, or the Chief Magistrate of the Borough.—(Hear.) The petitioners had believed that the Reform Bill would have remedied that evil ; but they had now disco vered t hat it existed as bis4l as ever. The peti tioners were formerly opposed to the Bill which he had introduced ; but now they were desirous of having it introduced. He was not acquainted with many of the 3,000 petitioners, but he bad been told by persons who knew them, that some of then, were the most respectable inhabitants and merchants of the town, and their prayer was entitled to the serious consideration of the House. He had in two successive Parliarsients brought forward his Bill to disfranchise the freemen of Liverpool, but the dis solution of Parliament prevented its being carried. When he brought it forward, he stated from information that he had received, that upwards of 3,000 freemen had been bribed with money. He could now state that fact with mere confidence, because he had it from the parties themselves, and he knew that the books with the names of the persons could be produced. If the House shou'd receive the petition, he intended to give notice that he would move for a Select Committee to take it into consi deration, in the hope that the Committee would give such a report as would enable him to carry through a Bill to disfranchise the freemen, and thereby purify the elections in that borough. The petition, which prayed for the introduction of a Bill to disfranchise the burgesses of Liverpool, and that evidence might be received at the bar of the House in proof of its allegations, was then read. Lord SANDON did not rise for the purpose of discuss ing all the allegations in the petition, because the proper time would be when his Hon. Friend (Mr. Benett) brought forward his motion, but he could not help observing upon two or three topics. The subject was certainly a stale one, for three elections bad passed without complaint. Re- garding the third election, the disappointed party had raised large sums of money to prosecute a petition against the return ; but, although they had collected the money, they shrunk from the petition for fear of its being declared frivolous and vexatious ; and, instead of going before a judicial tribunal, they went before a political one, where no parry was examined upon oath, and from which they could attack those whom they originally endeavoured to corrupt.—(Hear.) The original corruption was practised by the party who for warded the present petition, and who, being foiled in their endeavours to corrupt them, turned round upon them, and endeavoured to get them disfranchised. The peti tion against the last return was not presented solely front want of proof. lie denied the corruption that was stated to exist among the freemen, and he was convinced that no corruption whatever was practised at the last election. He did not deny but there might be such a gift as a glass of ale; but that any Member of the Committee, or any authorized agent, either bribed or treated, he most distinctly denied. He was convinced that no corruption had been practised in Liverpool since the notorious case alluded to so frequently by the Hon. Member (Mr. Benett). If correction was the object of the petitioners, that was accomplished from the fact of three unimpeached elections having since occurred. The peti tioners stated that if the Reformat Bill had done its work it would have prevented corruption ; but whit they meant by its doing its work he did not know, unless it was meant to give to the petitioners the power of carrying the elec tion of their candidate.—(Laughter.) Mr. WASON said the Noble Lord commenced his speech by deprecating al! discussion, and yet, dur ing the time he had addressed the House, he had favoured them with assertions which he no doubt believed to be true. He (Mr. Wason), however, could not on his conscience believe they were true. The Chief Magistrate of Liverpool had for many years been elected by means of bribery.—(Lord Sandon— " Not of late years.") In answer to that remark, he would only say, that of late years the money had been wanting to bribe the electors.—(" Oh, oh," from Lord Sandon.) The Noble Lord might exclaim," Oh, Oh," but it was only at contested elections that bribery was considered necessary, and at the last contested election for mayor it cost the successful candidate upwards of 8,0001. (Hear, hear.) Would the House place the allegations of the Noble Lord in opposition to the petition of 3,000 inhabitants of Liverpool, who all believed that their Chief Magistrate was elected by bribery and corrup tion ? The Hon. Member, in allusion to the observation of the Noble Lord, that the petitioners had shrunk from prosecuting cases of bribery at the last election for fear of having their petition declared frivolous and vexatious, said the Noble Lord might have ascertained how many petitions had been declared frivolous and vexatious since the Grenville Act passed. He (Mr. Wason) believed there were not more than four or five. The petitioners had, from a regard to the best interests of the town, forborne to petition against the Noble Lord's return, and the Noble Lord would probably not have made such au assertion if the 14 days allowed for the reception of election peti tions bad not expired. lie (Mr. Wason) would, however, state one or two Lets connected with the last election. Many drunken men were carried on the box and carriage of the Noble Lord, whe was himself inside—(Laughter)—and at one of the poll-booths the deputy returning officer refuted to recei►e the voter, t 1 e voters having presented themselves in such a state of beastly intoxicatiou.—( Hear, hear. ) The opposing can didate having. had a majority of 600 o❑ the first day, he should like to know bow the Noble Lord could account for having been elected by a majority of 145. The Hon. Member concluded by supporting the prayer of the petition, which he said only called for inquiry—an inquiry into one of the most flagrant instances of corruption that ever took place ; and he was sure that no two gentlemen in the House would refuse it. Mr. GLADSTONE, who spoke under the gallery, and was almost entirely inaudible in the gallery, was understood to say that the Reform Bill, which boasted a cure for all political evils, had not had the effect ; n Liverpool which had been anticip tied. He could say, however, that no corrupt influence had been used either by the Noble Lord (Sandon), or by those who had sup ported him in the late election. Mr. WARBURTON said no attempt was made to in sist that the Noble Lord had been guilty of corrupt in fluence. All that the petitioners sought for was, generally, for an inquiry into undue practises which had taken place during the late election for Liverpool. As he (Mr. Warburton) understood the Hon. Member who spoke last, he stated that he could solemnly declare that no undoe practises fpul taken place during the late election for Liver pool on the part either of the Noble Lord or of those who supported him. Mr. GLADSTONE said such was his decided belief. Mr. \VARBURTON asked how it was possible, where there were two great parties opposed to one another, as at Liverpool, that any individual whatever could make a positive asseveration to that effect ? Was it not a fit sub ject of inquiry, whether individual voters had been in fluenced by other prraans to give their vote, not according to their consciences, but according as they were influenced by money or by promises to vote for either one or another ? Why should there not be an inquiry, with a view to ascer tain whether the electors themselves had not been corrupt ? \Vhe❑ a petition containing an allegation of this kind carve before the House, begging for inquiry, he considered it was their duty to institute it. Mr. BENETT explained ; and the petition was ordered to lie on the table, the sessional order as to printing petitions, not yet having been finally agreed to. Lord SANDON said a few words, which were inaudi ble in the eallery. Mr. BENETT gave notice that on Tuesday next he would move for the appointment of a Select Committee, to inquire into the matters complained of in the petition, and to make their report to that House. Lord SANDON said that it would be a very great convenience, if the Hon. Member would postpone his motion for a few days longer. It would then be seen that there was no ground for supposing that the whole respectability of Liverpool were ranged on one side. Mr. BENETT consented to postpone his notice of mo tion for Thursday. Mr. V. SMITH moved that the Speaker do issue his warrant for a new writ to elect a Mem , er for the Northern Division of Northamptonshire, in the room of Lord Milton, become Earl Fitz,vi?liam.—Ordered. Mr. WYNNE ELLIS presented a petition from Leices ter iu favour of the repeal of the corn laws.—Laid on the table. Mr. MATHIAS ATTWOOD rose to present a peti tion from the Merchant Tailors' Company, complaining of a perversion of the right of petition, and praying the House to rescind a reso'ution agreed to last Mon day respecting the Committee on municipal corpora tions. The petitioners thought, and he thought, that the powers given to that Committee were too great, and, at any rate, would only be sanctioned after mature deliberation, and an express vote of that House, The abuse of the right of petition, of which the petition ers complained, was in a single individual having presented a petition to that House, containing the grossest calumnies against them, charging them with having appropriated the corporate funds to their own use, and abused the trusts reposed in them in almost every particular. It was clear that if the petitions of indivi duals, or small bodies of individuals, were allowed to occupy any large portion of the public rime, that fair portion of it which ought to be given to the com plaints of great bodies of individuals must be consi derably curtailed. Some limit ought, the petitioners thought, to be applied to the abuse of the power of peti tioning. As there were many magistrates of the city of London in the House—many gentlemen connected with commercial affairs—if they would take the trouble of looking it this petition they would find that a petition more respectably signed could not be presented to the House. The petitioners felt it due to themselves and to the House to place on the table a denial of that petition which had been laid on the table—a petition as unfounded in fact as it was malignant and groundless. The petition was or dered to be brought up. Mr. HILL said he was the Member who had presented the petition which bad been so much complained of, and hich the Hon. Member who had just sat down had thought proper to censure him so severely in respect of. When the Hon. Member thought fit even to insinuate that he (Mr. H.) had wilfully- secreted part of the peti tion from the attention of the House, and which he said had been presented in his absence, he might have had the candour to inform the House that he (;11r. H.) had sent a copy of the petition to the Hon. Member—that lie hail informed hint when he inteniii.d to present it—that he was in a condition to have presented it on Friday last, his name having stood at the head of the paper on that day, but he had postponed it from that day, at the request of the Honourable Member, that he might have an opportunity of being in the ' House when it was presented, to make any observations on the nature of the petition which he thiiught fit.--(Cbeers.) Under these circumstances, he could not but consider the Hon. Member had made a most unjust attack on his character.—(Hear.) The Hon. Member had spoken in very general terms of the petition ; and complained that nothing had been stated of it but some general personal allegations. He (Mr. Hill) had not thought proper to go into the par ticular charges of the petition, though there were many, and he would now state one of them.—(Hear, hear.) The petition stated, that the Merchant Tailors' Company were in possession of considerable funds for charitable purposes, which they did not duly apply, and the petitioner gave his reasons for his statement. There was one particular bequest, made to them in the reign of Elizabeth, of 51. a-year, to be paid to the poor. The p le r s o s pertyw than thhii:t4 then e t enhous yielded the e,s_(llear, hear, consisted .r,hear)_ of of th ro that property the Merchant Tailors' Company were in the con tinual receipt of the rents, and yet they only gave the miserable pittance of 51. a-year to the poor.—(Hear.) He (Mr. Hill) had submitted that this was a municipal corporation—(Hear)--and that the petition, therefore, was undoubtedly a very proper petition to be referred to the Committee appointed to inquire into the state ot muni cipal corporations.—(Cheers.) This was one of the trading companies of the city of London. It was true, it had, as the Hon. and Learned Member had said, very little now to do with trading, but it had much to do with the government of the city—(Hear, hear)— and it was because there was to he an inquiry into the state of the Corporation of the city of London with a view to a Reform, and feeling that that inquiry and Reform never could be complete, without an inquiry into this trading corporation, that he had thought it right to present this petition to the House.—(Hear, hear.) The Hon. Member well knew that no person could enjoy any of the privileges belonging to the city of London without he was a member of one of those trading com panies. It was therefore important to see what was the state of the Mercers' Company. For that purpose lie would call the attention of the House to a statement, by which it appeared that within the last twenty years the companv had increased their fines for admission from thirty guineas to 801., and when it was asked what had become of their surplus money, they refused even to give informatio❑ upon the subject to their own members. They had even been prevented from meeting in their own hall---(Hear, hear) —and bad been treated as trespassers and rioters by the Hen. Member, who was the Master of the Company. The Honourable Member had stated that he (Mr. Hill) was perfectly acquainted with the per son from whom he had presented the pe'ition. He begged most positively to deny that statement. The course taken by the Hon. Member was not at all calcu lated to make the House believe that the charges contained T in the petpetition,v7hich — he — - (11r. Hill) present ed, t w h e e re pe il t l itie fo n u et ri s ded p . r — ave ( d He ? ar, h o e n ar ly .) fo N , V . ha in t q N u 7s y. " that Hon. Member had stated that all the charges were false, the lc:: f: aesi to sbedser, master,ll],ii allow and yet, instead of agreeing to inquiry, he had taken dis tinctions between trading and municipal corporations for the purpose of preventing inquiry and investigations into charges which ke had stated to be wholly with out foundation. Such having . been the conduct of the Mercers' Company, the . petitioners had applied to the Court of King's Bench for a mandamus, ordering l v i c o theood ' e v u h il a hadk d yi t sn: h ces vv e swh n ua ' rt opposed ,rtel bai eets t htu h eeper e ee,Het ispo t te i i h uu. ' 0 1 asb'netil petitioner, ' wen't. inspection applica tion, nah u t p nrd l : gu i d l prs i ct:h.eaa°i trusted their documents. The Honourable Member, in his not failed in any duty that he owed to Itt c hit h t:ea a nt r ,H a character of b a c., sincerity that he had not done so wilfully.—(Cheers.) tv,, A u l id r..C y o , B th ß a E t T he T vate, to be as good as that of the Warden of the Merchant he ". ar Mr. Ai - Two:3.D wished to knoknoll'whethe' :bd.: an I to the regulation which had been adopted 8 5 t Tailors' , Compan y ii Ile was i m akerls for and n his is issuer tl a'le s o I ha 0 her of tim e s a n Hon. M e mber should have 1 D: 0 0; tunity of addr e ssing the House, h e could be alr e to speak upon the present petition Af'er a few words from Lord ALT 11 01 1" tbV lit The SPEAKER said it was very de" l3 ; co te ) point should b e th oroug hly understood. la• Js his (the Speaker's) view of it, it stood thus. e s Member, in pr e s en ti ng petition, would haceeeatie!, tunity of sp e aki n g twi ce , first on the tibt the petition be brought tip. The question tr;ro,t thin do lie upon the table would then be_ the d course. If that were a m a tter of course , the' ‘,. it dual w h o p resen ' e d th e petition m ight lie b ciis would have an opportunity of answering at e the observations that had been made. so d s Mr. ATTWOOD sa id, h e h a d been e ntire ;erg t( misrepresent e d, w h en h e was s tated to he a ,' or quiry. Th e groun d on w hi c h h e complaineochejt the petitioner calumniated those parties wh ee were affscted by the petition in a way which f th h e Y : sit poriuni!y of meeting. It c o n t a i ne d charges oit o cious chara c t er aga i ns t th e mem b er s of the collie 000, to the right of th e petitioner to interfere with: po,itl' meat of the fund s o f th e soc i e ty, that had b in s Wowed by a court o f l aw . He protestiloo Hon. and L earne d M em b er , a ft er the case he judicated before the legitimate tribunal in the . bad King's Be nc h, i n t ro d uc i ng it, b ecau se his c lient unfortunate, to the attention of that House. tiole Mr. HILL said, that if he had been at the e 0" feed c ounse l o f t h e party , h e wou ld n ot have P r ' petition. W br Mr. ATTWOOD continued, be did not ° S e ri° the petit oners hi.d justly or unjustly bee° po ol his right, hut the Court of Law had d f e b ,P The Hon. M em b er p rocee d e d t o re f u t e some ot t , - of made against th e M erc h an t T a il ors ' Company ' c n etsr tition of which he complained, and said that th e m e tt h so far from fearing inquiry, courted it. T he r , t ioS(` Tailors' Comp an y was not a mun i c ipal corn - sill° conferred:no corporation privileges, and, thereo r ',, o the vague powers o f th e C o mmitte e -. 0 1 ; might be made to r e ach th em , th e y could 0, so. He repeated, however, that the ISIerclo;00' Company, being conscious of nothing but th e right conduct and motives, courted inquiry. said, Sir EDWARD KNATCHBULL o .'„ of slid not intend to enter into the discussghZeia, merits of the petition immediately before b;ei,sec there was a point raisrssi by it to which bepieit'' direct the particular attention of his MajestY?, ,eet te and it was on e up on w hi c h h e was s ure th e 00- 03 it 0 :. think itself entitled to a p os iti ve ans wer. The Ce i gi t het l inquire into municipal corporations, appoill te %tere; night, was o ne o f th e mos t i m p or t an t to the 3- 1' the country h e h a d ever known.—(K ea dig ' The formation of th a t Co mm itt ee h e would n° trj. ,: but he could not h e lp sa yi ng th a t h e thought the tess' of Members might have been different from wha t p 01( (Hear, hear.) He kn e w not but that t e be t ser° possessed by that C omm it tee , m i g h t t ur n out p t ei inquisitorial natu re; b u t w h a t ever the o '7 ° e o powers was, h e t rus t e d th a t t h e gen" - br ° " exercised them, would inv es ti ga t e the soatter'...4l,, before them with calmness and impartialitY' tieultri hear.) The question h e w i s h e d t o p u t more 1 4r to to his Majesty's Ministers, and esptei ellY Noble Lord opposite, wts this, w hethe r c hs tC l 6 r . appointment of that Committee, it was m ien 0 1 . ; questions relating to the trading conee rn ', l oi ir country should be entered into by the li e O f genuity 2 o k f LT There was no judging from the %O rd ! t tb f Lord appointment, for it was impossible to say ll o p rofessional lpsaid ine h n e h m a i d ght ta c ,c o n ns a idc g r o, "; rtut : limits of the duties of the Conunittee.--( ge 7di. trouble in having the Committee COn''' such a mixture of Honourable j G e ntletn ee •pq snake it conver san t w ith th e nature o f all theet cu d that could possibly come before it. With re e r i o ot i) question that had been put to him, - be I*- ; t slightest intention in movie for that Cotni e-tge ltr „„ shs l the consideration of g any trading compete; 'lA introduced to its notice.—(Hear, hear.) Th e fi l , / 4 to be instituted by it were to be e e°- of municipal corporations, and to the constitution ' lie ? corporations, as regarded the general rights of t i rt composing them. He did not, therefore, th te ' t i l ein tS be of any utility for the Hon. and Learned tje? se 14 t move that the petition whi c h h a d given r i discussion should be referred to this Consinittee.l,l4 Mr. D. W. HARVEY s a id t h ere wa s a 0 of which, within a fracti o n, no l ess t h an a nitiL':Pr public money had b een expen d e d , to w hi c h t h us , petition might he r e f erre d w i t h pro p r i e ty, be * -6 Charity Commissioners. The Charity had been in • • existence since 1818 ; it not less than :45 volumes of reports, but ceediogly ineffictual in producing henel —(Flear, hear, hear.)* Be had nu doi inquiries were instituted into these trad 'ions the greatest good would accrue.--C instance, to the Company of which he W' member, three houses were left on London centuries ago, producing a rental of 61. a year , directed to be distributed in charcoal The 61. had regularly been distributed. A ago this property was particularly wa' purposes of the new London Bridge, an' sold for 1,700/. The information was ,~~ the Company, claiming the whole of the well as the accumulated principal and and rather than fritter away the whole in Chancery, the Company had compromised th, by paying 10,0001. to erect alms-houses. a Member believed him who bad complained on to be a Master Girdler instead of the Master o , he had, no doubt be would have come forty , occasion also, and complained loudly of the being compelled to do justice to the p00r..--( 1 Sir ROBERT PEEL submitted to the (Althorp) whether it would not be better to order of reference, as it appeared they bad refer titan to a tribunal that could not take cow It was probable that other persons, believing j et would be referred to the same Committee, other petitions, and therefore, for the sake of rity of their proceedings, it would be better order, and to have it altered. Wi t h 0 abuse of charities, they could be better jug' Lre the Court of King's Bench—a more bunal than that House was. The SPEAKER said, if it were true that tee could not take cognizance of the I House had done two things—they had sent 0 an incompetent tribunal, and they parted Wt their own hands. If that were so, the Hoer seind the order, or have it laid on the table, ' it as they thought fit. Mr. HUME thought the question ought dere(' with respect to its effect upon represt teat it should not be divided merely bet cipal and trading corporations. He did whether the Merchant Tailors' Company was or a trading company, but he knew that they pleased, admit a thousand livarytnen into the ce a day, and that, affecting as it did the right of tion, it ought to be considered a municipal his opinion, therefore, he thought the Conami power of dealing with the petition. Lord ALTHORPsaid that what he bad was, that he did nut conceive the jurisdiction over any other titan municipal but he did not—because he could not. ---s' _ _ the upo A n le t r h e i l t i a p n u t i , Tai ) tii l e o r' was h s a : i a not g municipal i yenap o si t i co ve r po ol :: Alr. O'CONNELL u,ouledhave s thought the best plan the Law Officers But i i ot rn was alleged with that charities h , taoe e com ta ptaney h 031 inquire nothing or at not. on a I: ed, the jto was a municipal corporationt t it..idir g C men, had a r i g h t o f elect i ng M em b er s °I : before the . Reform Act, and that still it ex , a mitten e•,ce in the same way in the elections t-ii' Aldermen, R ecor d er , &c. If so, they had t"' )1 tions, and th en t h ey wou ld come w i t hi n order. ,,,,, k 4 the ' ti • `.hi, Mr. ALEXANDER BARING agreed in , 1 the to 4 44 'ti '4l t i '4 tion which had been most properly drawn dY to th tk t Lord. The Committee had been appointed t , r ,tt til t r , ~ na `,ke tl o into the municipal corporations, but it "la th, ' "e feat powered, as it should not be, to inquire int o which i'),,,a• rates Po bt , 4 ties of those bodies, or the manner i" b s tl ~i i th re of t ,t'i dealt with it. lf, indeed, this latter pow er 3 'Yett et i t , ),,N granted to them, it would hive been establishing 9/04), . 4 1 the i lt crous tyranny which it was important to re i - s i't d • iffic olt f y t etb eot ilb, tra r . part he felt I.o.—(Hear.) There was this ao ter c 1 1 0' ( °tii lt 4 t i ti ' the petition did not respect the municipal char laine j rt , l ry : ai Merchant Tailors' Company, it only cowl! „roe 1 0 i; s l N they had made some improper use of their n i o f of : i; lqi i t —(Hear, hear.) This was the gravatce be 0 , ,N. i l l petition—the mal-appropriation of funds.---(W..3,,r'0•4 atil t ,,Z4):l h With that question the Cominitt , e had nothing r: A. TP_? , N itt, 1 , 4 i h (Mr. B. )thought that the order should be res.olo_ere Took PttiqZ the tt were originally trading corporations, but uchicb ov!Loci' merely bodies holding property, with which thy, L ety, i • Cdit3-ditte t'ttt"t it had k4,! aQ tiii, te e . 'ft% it had V beneficial ' t he doubt to;f0, ti trading 6 , T r —( fiedr. 0 11 1 h at - Le wit* h ttli i et 4t o,lkr Pea, de nt ndon 13ridr tO 14e1)4 a bic h ,tar e t year, - poor th at e al to t he te od c th A fey' wanted -l er oil tt4 ttl,N, and at'kt!Y:4 vv filefieels 2 tt:%, the pro c . ter/ rlptil 411 ' , et and If' (I d tti 'u et coo, € tl4 e. in t cotiO of 4 1 .4 d the pr°,„ fitfr th, ti,ia t 001. 14 d on thiiioefe;V:ll,grie"4tl tetry er of th e forward, It-iee irel4', % II ,: 1 41 the toles) P; 0 ;q th: r e --(Id Che I,or',,ltatt to the Nob le . j tti / th, er to re°e,.l°9€lr thfc4klatztkt, referred th e o f it'll t;'t tijotoce e t , 4 4 P t , eti, tbe 'l 1 4 : ti p ' ag th' t ~id 0 1 , ,th„' to I tree, , te or eof the 7,ol'ti,'t th ;ter to resrle otu.ktt t a i l co r , i), O e I regard 0 Vir ' oil 0 '4 Inqutr h 4 p t f or p, coo ete q rl 1:4, 1 e ,034ett b the e Co w t ie 'lt h , e "et, hat t 17rt 1110 a petit ion, 0 ,41 the Yed t the Pe.°oBPle At0t,"46.11°1 with l ob i i:it,:rm•:l) 41 Howe c o a l i in ~.14461411e, Ile, aoa ti lt taij t I F tr od G fro, ) Petao tb h e art:e;:tste:ta e r a aa, rit:ao: otriet b , : e , G°l : t l ey cor 11 , (1 ' pcflt:e : 1 ! tt, tl e „ D elt a' ,r Qa It of rePf!le, 110. 4l/41141, CorPor'ghl°ol Iheg: 4,lt4tai,"Y n mitte e n tt 4t iief`l4tj'i littv In ad ~tat ", ,e , vit,t4l)l.i,el h'd cmoot 6001,,9 ,al CORP f or t --state, ' C o ,. 1 1 01 ' 6 Ae nl Narao)ll ,;13.24;0.,,tf op,olortid be tqlti lf e t 41 :11 of lan Wi t ' N t 4l Ole f'Cti' 1414 tt'‘,Stt; t f it ol' °cotOdrd, afttYtnit 31 lied, ti'e ,Ai ok4 k I I to d e .0441 hi: 'lo t ! 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