The Sun. — London, England, 1863-11-03 00:00:00

TUE WESTERN PEOPLE, (F in the Special Correspondent of the Timm) CLEVELAND, OHIO, Oct. 19. " wdo you like America ?" Such from the days of the elder to those of the present Trollope is the stereotyped question with which a stranger is evrzywhere greeted in this country. "How do you like the Americans ?" does not usually follow. Yet it ma ybe matter of duty to answer this second quer- T, even unasked. TI le old Venetians wished their Republic never to 1 .70 made the theme of any remark, hostile or iri 2ndly. The Americans are, on the contrary, ex cessively fond of being talked and written about; with this peculiarity, however, that the harder they are hit the more thankful they seem to be. The least word of abuse is deeply taken to heart, but any amount of praise is wasted upon them. Mrs. Trollope, of old, lashed them within an inch of their lives, and they kiss the rod to this day ; Anthony Trollope wrote a fair and on the whale favourable a °count of them, and his book fell nearly stillborn lon this side the water. Unless you are very hard upon them, they will vote you dull, colourless, insipid. Yet my time has come to bid my farewell to the "Vest, and I should think I had but imperfectly acquitted myself of my task, did I not consecrate at least a few lines of my last letter to render, as I best could, the impression I received of the character of these 'Western people. It little matters whether I am set down among the unreasonably severe or the unbearably stupid. When there is no way of pleasing some people, it is just as well for a man to try and please himself. The American people are an English race at second hand. Two millions and a halt of European emigrants came into this country within the period of ten years, from 1850 to 1860, and by far the greatest number found their way to the Western States. The influx of strangers must have been far greater in the previous years, in the days of Irish potato rot and German republican riots. The Anglo. Saxon race is or soon will be in the minority west of the'Alleghanies ; yet from this chain to the Rocky Mountains the American type continues true to itself. Nothing can be more prodigious than the absorbing and assimilating power of the dominant race. German names are to be read here and there on the shop windows at St. Louis and Chicago; guttural Teutonic accents will strike your ear as you walk about the Transrhenane (über den Rhein), suburbs of Cincinnati, especially of a Sunday after noon ; but, on the whole, the aliens are no more perceptible in these Western cities than they are in Nc.w York,—New York, the" third German city in the world," by reason of its "Dutch" population taking rank next to Vienna and Berlin. There are no better citizens in America, I am told, than the Irish of the second generation, and the names of Andrew Jackson, Patrick Henry, and John Calhoun are quoted in support of the assertion. Possibly, the Americans are too apt to take for Irish everything that comes out of Ireland, as they would consider fish all that is got out of the sea. But there is no doubt that all trace of Irishism is lost in the American schools, and that Irish no less than Ger man children soon grow up here, soon forget their alien origin, to disavow, to hate, and despise it. The AtnEricans are English or they are nothing. However estranged they may be in their mutual feelings, this elder and this younger branch of the Anglo-Saxon race are one in the estimation of all the rest of mankind ; and it is only as a variety of the British type that the American character is to be studied and tested. One of the most obvious, nay, obtrusive virtues of these Western Americans is their hospitality. The enormous hotels raising their lofty domes above the rooms of their mushroom cities are " institu tions" which have barely taken the place of the squatter's hut, where, in old pioneering days, the " etranger was always taken in," whether he paid his shot in coin or merely in thanks. Moreover, the Great West is a region of unbounded, natural wealth and in allrich agricultural countries the owner of the soil is generally ready to share in its bountiful fruits with the guest who is within his gates. You may travel from one end to the other of the States with out one word being addressed to you, for the Ameri can is proud and shy and " would be spoken to :" but bring with you only the poorest scrap of a note of introduction, only show the seal of your social pa3sport, and it must be your own fault if you are not at home at once with the whole community. The first man who has hold of you ushers you into his entire circle. In ten minutes you are made to shake a hundred hands, and presently, on your name being down on your hotel book, and vouched for as something above that of a pickpocket, you are waited upon by unknown persons, who, you are to understand, are conspicuous citizens, taking upon themselves the duty of doing the honours of the place, and making you free of their house no less than of their town. This open-handed, open hearted benevolence towards strangers is true of all Americans; it is Chic fly characteristic of the Western people. Americans live in a hurry ; they have little leisure to be particular about their acquaintance. Social equality is established at least in the streets and publicho - Ises ; and so long as a stranger behaves well, people trouble themselves little about his Transatlantic precedents. They are eager, inquisi tive people. The untravelled among them fancy there is something to pick up, something to wonder at and to learn from every one who comes to them from the Old World. Where you have delivered your c redentials in the morning you are, as a matter of course, expected to take tea:, in. the e . your dinner or "substantial evening. The drawbridge of the Ame rican's castle ary, vitia wife and is always let down; its sanctu with the and children, always accessible; pale,green, ht k delic . ate, sprightly wife ; with the sea fortnight the hotel children. For a week or a accommodation. I p atfords you nothing but sleeping you With or the rest your friends provide. They ply whisky, and cigars old cognac or old Bourbon ay treat you their counting-house in the forenoon ; the ou to sherry cobbler at the bar in the evening;they drive you in their buggy to their villa, to their rk neighbour's farm, to the ce metery, which is the park to all American cities; they enter your name Lib rary ; their town and all it c Exchange, at the an boast b ecomes no l ess yours than theirs. 4 It goes very much againstthegrain to have to find fault with a you; 0 uput; thandmselves so much o ut of the way to pease on the other hand, any w ord said to their disparagementa is too r eadily receive d b y the Americans Proof of in gratitude and a breach of hospitalit y , you have so m any reasons to lo ve them that it se ems had and mons t rou s that you sh ould not like them. r For own part, I like th e Americans. In so far as they resemble the Eng lish I have the same feeling ;(:),' the new branches o f the family as I have for the ol d stock. It is only on these peculiarities in whi c h their institutions, their mode of life, the develop. meat of a new social order gradually set them apart from the parent race, that I have a few observations to offer. In the first place, public life in America is the rule, and domestic privacy the :exception. I hate the hotel as a private institution, After the French and Italian cafe nothing in my opinion can be more injurious to the public standard of morality than an American hotel. Whatever may , be said of the industry and businesslike habits of these people, I should say that " loafing" is, especially in the N ean ts, to a great extent the normal state of A mer-- ife. The crowds that beset the Planter's Ho use at st Louis, or the Burnet House at Cincinnati, are something portentous. In the evening and at post time th e ' gathering would be natural enough ; the hotel is the new t ali sbazaar, the field for political dis cussion ; hut at hours of the day the publichouse is a universal lo unge, (loing the very home of great hulk ing fellows nothing but sitting upon two chairs, with their fee tupon tha window ledge, high There above their noses. is no f r iendly chat, not eve n chaff among or hint er theta. There they sit for hours, chewing the cud, ud, mll ing. Talk of Itali an doles fur 7ing ! yawning, loaf saw so dull, so l is t less, so miserable ! I never a killing of time and as I witnesse d dail y in the halls shn of parlours, the bar, the office , the divan, the barber -shop saidrber - et the h Pan Ame rican hotel. 'Whatever may h ost of new spapers, of the mass of Cheap hooks, issuing from the press , the A mericans—the mal e Americans ei . leauli at least—are not a reading people. I ate -books hawked by the hundred volumes along every rail way line, but hardly a person in the whole " car" besides myself with as much as an open 50c. novel in his hands. Instruction,—that is,—reading and writing, is universal in the Western States,but sound and extensive education is unfrequent. You fall in with smart people everywhere; for the American is a stirring, travelling, inquisitive being, picks up information, and turns it to good advantage, but intellectual life is almost altogether out of the question. American literature is limited to the narrow wants of the Eastern cities ; 90 out of 100 writers on this side of the Atlantic are Yankees. The West is as independent upon the East for ideas as the latter is indebted to the old country for the same commodity. _ _ Community of life and want of mental activity lead to a great uniformity of thought and feeling in the whole Western region. Colossal frames you meet with here and there in these back settlements, mas sive brows, strength of character, fine individual types of sturdy manhood ; but these are merely the relics of the old pioneer life, which is rapidly pass ing away and shifting further and further west. In the cities there is great sameness of ideas, barrenness and vacuity of thought. Even in politics, that all absorbing topic of talk, the Americans are an inert mass ; they have some crude notions about the ex. cellence of their heaven-born Constitution, about the bigness of their country, the smartness of their na tion, the destinies of their Union. For the rest, you find everywhere iteration of the same arguments, a vicious circle of reasoning. They are eager in the h distinction ap py in the rather invention than o in f nicknamest e defin ition for of p a r ti es ; their , poli tical divisions ; but " ti c k ets " and ' platforms" are in the main mere personal matters, and, with the ex ception of slavery, they have hardly one important question really at issue. It may be slowness of per ception on my part, but, bating a few crackbrained radical abolitionists, and a few uncompromising up holders of slavery, I hardly ever met a politician, whether Democratic or Republican, who could clearly tell me what he wanted. The same monotony is perceptible in every phase of moral and physical life. The town you come to is as perfect a fac siwile of the town you left behind as the circumstances of site and ground would allow. You have everywhere the same " Fourth and Fifth" streets, at right angles with the same "Wash ington and Madison" avenues. The private houses, with their excellent contrivances of bathing, light ing, and warming apparatus, with a high degree of comfort, snugness, and neatness, are all on one model, as the cells of a beehive. The hotels only differ in their degree of dirt, noise, and discomfort ; the same bill of fare, the same hour for meals, the same notices on the bedroom doors, the same care less, slovenly waiting. The further you travel in America the less you have to learn. Another striking peculiarity of the American cha racter lies in the preference for city over country life. The English love of open air, exercise, and manly sport dies away in this country wherever society is settled. The American towns—even of the second and third rate—straggle out for miles in every direction, so that the way into the free country lies beyond the limits of any ordinary walk. But the people seem to care little for green fields, and less for pure air. Everywhere, in public and private rooms, in railway cars, wherever men do congregate, the atmosphere is close and noisome— unbearable to any one but the natives. The Ame ricans are naturally a hardy, but they have hardly the look of a healthy race, They look sallow, lank, dyspeptic. The nursery is not one of their insti• tutions ; children live with grown-up persons. They have their diet, their talk, keep their hours, rejoice in their independence for good or for evil. Neither childhood nor youth have their marked limits here ; transition ages are as short in man's life as transition seasons in the climate. The love of suburban villas, of the cottage-home of old England, hardly begins to develope itself among the Western people. The pride of the rich mer chant or banker lies in a superb mansion, away from his place of business, in some solemn and stately quarter, some "Fifth-avenue " of the Belgravia or Tyburnia of his over-grown city. Life in the country is unbearable in most parts of this continent, they say, in deep winter; it is not quite wholesome in summer; the fact is, however, that the American is as loth to wean himself from the pleasures of town life as the enervated people of Southern Europe. At Cincinnati, with a population scarcely ' half that of Manchester or Liverpool, there are no less than four theatres open every evening at this present season, with all the charms of the motley American Fall and the purity of the bright Ameri can sky to invite man to the enjoyment of outdoor life, and with all the distress, bereavement, and anxiety inseparable from the progress of the war. 1 This war, by the way, has brought the levity of the American character out in bold relief. There is something saddening—indeed, revolting, in the high glee, real or affected, with which the people here look upon what ought to be, at any rate, a grievous national calamity. The indulgence in every variety of pleasure, luxury, and extravagance is simply shocking. The jewellers' shops in all these cities have doubled and trebled their trade ; the love of fine dresses and ornament on the part of the women amounts to madness.. They have the money, well or ill gotten, and must enjoy it. Every fresh bulletin from the battlefield of Chicamauga during my three weeks' stay in Cincinnati brought a long list of the dead and wounded of the Western army, many of whom—of the officers at least—belonged to the best families in the place. Yet the signs of mourning were hardly any where perceptible; the noisy gaiety of the town was not abated one jot. Miss Laura Keene, the actress, and I forget what dancing girl, did not draw a less full house. There may be a great deal of empty bravado, of bluster, and swagger in all this apparent indifference to undeniable suffering, but it works no pleasing impression on a sensitive stranger. It is a kind of "funerale eon bello e rnaschere," grat ing on a man's best feelings, profane, repulsive. On the whole, one comes awsy from the West with little respect for the earnestness and dignity of the people one has left behind. The sterling soundness of the English character is dying away among this second hand Anglo-Saxon race, partly owing perhaps to the admixture of less solid elements; perhaps to the influence of the climate, the working of the insti tutions, and the exulting consciousness of that boundless wealth of the soil which has power to repair all broken fortunes, to heal all domestic and social wounds. THE SHAKSPERE TERCENTENARY--The follow ing is the address issued by the Stratford-on-Avon Tercentenary Committee :—" As the town in which Shak• spore was born, bred, and educated, which he chose for his home in the decline of life, and in which he died and was buried, Stratford-on-Avon is assuredly the most appropriate spot f or a t ercentenary ce l e b rat i on i n hi s h onour. Th e fes tival will be extended over four or five days. On Saturday, April 23, there will be a banquet . for ladies and gentlemen, in the walks f art, at which tye e E w a il r l l of Carlisle will preside and deliver an address, there will be members of li both be supported on the occasion by many Houses literat o u f r P e, a a r n li d am sc e i n en t, c an e. d o o th a e o rs tb e e m r i d n a e y n s t of to various places in the vicinity of life, under the Stratford-on- Avon, geida illustrative of incidents in Shakspere's task ; critical aikai B nce of gentlemen well qualified for the oratorio (to whi ) eh es of Shakspere's plays a grand many of our leading vocalists have alread y consented contribute their ser vices), and a miscellaneous to o concert. The comedy of 'As You Like it,' and one Shakspere's tragedies will be of repre sented by a combination shmaketropulitan and provincial talent. There will also be a yPopular amusements. day will be devo ted exclusively t sPerian fancy ball. One specified in a subse• be l Each day's pr oceedin g s will be fully devotedt oare—first, P: 0 wthhoeave re ceived their educati on : at the same school at English ques t prospectus. The substantial pecuniary resul ts of the festival wi ll which the endowmen t of one or more scholsr sbi b i Universities , o p en to the competion of t Shak spere received his , viz., the Free Grammar Scho ol founded by King Edward 1 7 1. ; second, the erection of a - monu mental memorial at Stratford on-Avon. while th e y e serve to themselves the privilege of expanding or modifying their programme according to circumstances, they beg to assure you that the larger the funds with which they may be entrusted the more energetic will be their efforts to ren der the occasion august and memorable.' THE DISTURBANCES AT GUILDFORD. ---The mayor and magistrates of the borough of Guildford, after having been in communication with Sir George Grey, Home Secre tary, have at length completed their arrangements for the prevention of the disgraceful and riotous scenes which have lannually been enacted within the limits of their jurisdic ti o n i on the 5Lb. November. ST, GEORGE'S-IN-THE-EAST, On Sunday morning there was a large congregation as sembled in the parish church of St. George-in-the-East, in the expectation that the new rector, the Rev. J. Lockhart Ross, would preach his inaugural sermon. It appears that the necessary preliminaries for an exchange between Mr. Ross and Mr. Bryan King have not been legally completed. Accordingly the Rev. W. C. Howell, M.A., of Brasenose College, Oxford, who has for some time past done duty in the parish, again preached. After a careful exposition of the text, the 15th chapter of St. Paul's Epistle to the Ro mans, verse 4, the rev. gentleman said that probably this was the last time he should address the parishion era of St. George's from that pulpit. All of them were aware that an exchange of livings was about to take place between their present pastor (Mr. King) and the vicar of a parish inWilt shire. That exchange, it was probable, would be ratified in the course of the present week, and in that case the new rector would occupy the place from which he then spoke next Sunday. He would therefore just remind the con gregation for a few moments of what had been his manner of life among them for the last year and ten months, during which he had resided there. When, 22 months ago, he was induced to undertake the spiritual oversight of that parish, or rather the district immediately round the parish church, comprising 22,000 souls, he was distinctly given to understand, and he fully expected, that he should have the assistance of a brother clergyman. In that expectation he had been deceived. The consequence had been that for the last 22 months the whole spiritual charge of these 20,000 people, together with the secular correspondence and other matters connected with the parish, had devolved solely and entirely upon himself. Finding himself, soon after he came there, in that position, he induced the rector of the parish to make application to the Curates' Aid Society for a second curate. That application was refused—a refusal which he could not but low( upon as a singular mode of carrying out the object of the society, which was to provide additional curates for populous places. From such a quarter the refusal came with the worst possible grace. The society had published a fearful, though somewhat an exaggerated, account of the heathenism and moral degradation of St. George's-in-the-East, and had founded upon that state ment a claim to public support. He mentioned this cir cumstance in justification of himself, lest the parishioners might suppose that ho knowingly entered alone the spiritual charge of 20,000 people. Ho assured them that he did no such thing. He thought he should have had at least the assistance of one clergyman, and he did his best to obtain the assistance of another. The consequence of this had been, as he had said, that the parishioners had been deprived of those services in the school-room and elsewhere which it would have been his wish, as it would have been his duty, to provide. That same account of the heathenism of St. George's-in-the-East which was published in sue of the quarterly papers of the Additional Curates Society was also published in one of the papers of the Church of England Scripture Readers' Society. The result was that a sum was provided for a time for the parish, and on the recommendation of the Bishop, and with the consent of the rector, the services of a Scripture reader were ob tained. For several months past he had visited from house to house in one part of the parish, and, as far:as he lead had the opportunity of observing, he had combined a conscientious with a judicious discharge of his duties. He felt that as not only all the services of the church, but the visitation of the sick members of the church, and such secular business con nected,with the parish had devolved upon him, it had been impossible for him to do justice to each branch of his clerical duty. He had endeavoured to do his duty to the parishioners without compromising him who was still their rector, by con ducting the public services of the church in a way not to give the slightest reasonable cause of offence to any member of the church or congregation. His sole object had been to solve a problem which he might liken to the mathematical problem of the three bodies. First, he had had to satisfy Christ's church ; secondly, the people committed to his charge ; and, thirdly, not to compromise that rector who was still expected to occupy that pulpit had not an exchange taken place. That problem he had endeavoured to solve by the application of the principle of universal charity and for bearance. He cordially thanked the past and present churchwardens, the trustees of the charity schools, and other parochial officers for the courtesy whieh had been extended to him ; passed a high eulogiutn upon the parish ioners generally, notwithstanding many serious evils in the parish to which he could not shut his eyes, and concluded by bidding all God speed and farewell. Mr. Howell's de parture is said to be regarded by the leading parishioners, most of whom were present at yesterday's service, as a great lost to the parish. THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 3, 1863. THE LOSS OF THE BARK GANGES. --- The following is the official report to the Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade, from the Dublin Local Marine Board, dated Oct. 27 : " My Lords,—ln accordance with your instructions I have, in conjunction with Capt. Baker and Capt. Robinson, R,N., as Nautical Assessors, held an inquiry into the total loss of the bark Ganges, near Torney Mooney Point, on the Antrim coast, in Ireland, on the morning of the 18th of September last, at about 3 30. The Ganges was a wooden vessel, bark-rigged, built at New Brunswick in 1836, and registered in the port of Dublin in 1851, being insured at Glasgow for £1,500. She was 675 tons register, and was owned by Messrs. J. B. and James Martin, of Dublin. She was commanded by Mr. Thos. Hoare, who holds a certifi cate of competency, No. 1,457, dated the 24th of October, 1859, and she had a crew of 18 hands, all told. The Ganges sailed from Stranraer, in Scotland, on the 12th of Septem ber last, in ballast, bound for Quebec for a cargo of timber, in tow of a steamtug, Before leaving Stranraer part of the crew complained, as they said, of the unseaworthy state of the ship. It appears the Ganges had been surveyed at Limerick on the 10th of March, 1862 ; but, notwithstand ing, the magistrates at Stranraer directed another survey to be held on, the ship to satisfy all parties, on the complaint being brought to their notice :officially. The survey was held three days before the ship left that port. The certifi cate having proved satisfactory to the magistrates, the ship proceeded, as before stated, on the 12th. On reaching Rath lin Sound the breeze increased from the westward, and the sea got up rapidly, At 3 a.m. the hawser parted, and the steam tug, though promising to remain by the ship till daylight, left them, when, finding she had done so, double-reefed topsails were set on the ship, with the intention of work ing her to the windward. This course was adopted until the 16th, blowing hard all the time; but they found the ship made no progress, nor could they succeed in beating her to windward through the Channel. The wind on the 16th increased from the west to the north- westward,and the weather became dirty, and very squally, which induced the master to put back to Belfast Lough, and there to remain until the weather became moderate. They succeeded in getting into the entrance of the Lough, and anchored in seven fathoms of water, remaining at anchor till the follow ing day, the 17th. At noon on that day they weighed anchor, the wind being variable from south to south-west ward. Theypassed the Maiden Lighthouses at about three p.m. The wind was then S., but soon after passing these lighthouses the wind veered round to the westward, coming down in strong squalls. , The topsails were then reefed, and the ship braced upon the port tack, heading N.N.W. to N.W. The wind and sea becoming more boisterous, and the ship making no progress to windward, the master attempted to get her into Red Bay, but unsuccessfully, the weather becoming still worse. At this time the ship was making no extra water, the pumps being manned every four hours and sucking in about 15 minutes. About 8 p.m. of the 17th, having failed to get her into Red Bay, the master deter mined to keep her on and off near the land in smooth water during the night. This course was adopted successfully during a greater part of the night, the master himself re maining on deck during all the first watch and up to 1 45 of the middle watch, when he left the second officer in charge and went irate his cabin, being completely knocked up, having had no rest for 30 hours at least. The ship was on the starboard tack when the master went below, heading to the southward, the Maiden Lights being right ahead, distant by his calculation about seven or eight miles, the land on the starboard beam being distinctly visible. At 2 20 it appears that the second mate, who had charge of the watch, wore the ship round to the north-westward, being the inshore tack. This was done without calling the master, who avers that he gave him (the second mate) distinct orders not to wear the ship without calling him. The ; fated Ganges stood in towards the land from this time, and it would appear that the set of the tide might have accelerated her approach to the dangerous position where she subsequently became a wreck, as at about 3 20 tho second mate, who was in charge, finding the ship very close to the land, put the helm hard up, call. ing the men aft to wear the ship, but she paid off very slowly, having very little way through the water, and the crew being very slack in attending to the orders of their officer. In about 10 minutes, or at 3 30 a.m., while they were attempting to wear off the land, the ship struck on the rocks, and subsequently became a total wreck. After the ship struck the master rushed on deck and ordered the yards to be laid aback. This order the crew refused to obey, being occupied getting their traps on to the rocks, which they managed to do in the unprecedented time of five minutes after the ship struck. The officers, carpenter, and one or two others did at once obey the captain's order, but without any result, as the ship was too firmly fixed on the rocks. A stream anchor was laid out about 9 a.m., but before this, at daylight or soon after, the coastguard boat came along side, from Cushenden station, in charge of the chief boat man, who, it appears, consulted with the master. and ren dered every assistance in his power. At high water, about 2 p.m., they hove upon the hawser attached to the anchor laid out without effect, and on the tide receding the ship fell over to port and gradually filled, and it was the opinion of the coastguard boatman and of his crew that the ship could not possibly be got off. The captain then, with the assistance of the coastguard men and a portion of his crew, commenced landing the ship's stores, which was accom plished. On the folio sing morning, the 19th, the master went to the vill age w h ere hi s s hi p ' s company h a d secure d ntt lodgings, ie and called upon the men to go on board and dis ma he ship, w hi c h they all refused to do w i thout extra rem uneration. I n rev i ew i ng th i s case I feel it my duty to remark up on the general insubordination of the crew, which, especially a f ter the disaster, was most censurable, as e tee been p the ship dues net seem to have r - o n ce a ista.te n btoereovanrrtabnet the objections rais e d by them vet) ,N:ar,..d to, Vp ou t h e proceedirege of the YQ4eel lid to the night of.the 17th there occurred nothing requiring much comment, as the master seems to have done every thing in his power for the safe navigation of his vessel, and to have exerted himself in a praiseworthy manner, remain ing on deck for many hours without rest. On the night in question he (the master) continued on deck during the first watch, the ship being wore round several times off and on the land until 1.45 a.m. He remained in charge of the vessel himself, which was then in a safe position. I think, with the concurrence of the nautical assessors, that the master was then justified in going to his cabin to obtain a little rest after so many hours' work on deck. His last order as to calling him was not attended to by the second mate, who took on himself the responsibility of wearing the ship. This act was, in the opinion of the Court, most in judicious. The vessel having been so wore round by the second mate, and thus brought into a most dangerous posi tion, from which she could not possibly be extricated, was the immediate cause of her loss. In addition to this, his having failed to use the lead, standing in towards the land, was most reprehensible. It is therefore my duty, with the concurrence of my assessors, to pronounce the second mate in default, and to suspend his certificate for six calendar months from this date. With reference to the master's con duct on the night in question, although the Court exonerate him from blame as to the immediate cause of the calamity, his having omitted to give orders on this and on every other occasion to keep the lead going frequently, but particularly on the inshore tack, cannot be passed over without admo nishing him as to the absolute necessity of making use of it on all occasions when near to or approaching the land ; and I trust that this lamentable catastrophe may operate as a salutary lesson to induce him to use greater caution in future.—l have, &c., "J. W. O'DONNELL, J.P. " We concur in the above report, "R. B. BAKER, Nautical " C. A. P. J. ROBINSON, Commander, R.N., f Assessors. " Herewith are forwarded a copy of the evidence, the ship's registry, and the second mate's certificate," THE PRUSSIAN ELECTIONS, A letter, dated Berlin, October 31, says:--Those elec tions of which the results were not known when my last letter was despatched have strengthened the Conservative minority, which is now estimated at 40 deputies, including some of the most notable members of the party. Among these are Count Blankenburg, a man of some ability and a fair enough speaker, who enjoyed a certain popularity in the former Parliaments in which he sat, the last of these being that which expired in the Spring of 1861. Ho was was one of the 40 or 50 feudal deputies who survived the great defeat sustained by that party at the elections of 1858. M. 'Wegener, formerly editor of the Kreuz Zeitung, and still an active and influential member of the party, has also been returned. He is a lawyer and a fluent speaker, and particularly noted for sophisms, a species of argument which no one who defends that side of the question can afford to do without. Then I find that M. Wantrup, notwithstand ing his ultra views and tendency to buffoonery, is thought a great acquisition by his party, which is also indebted to this general election for the return of Count Pfeil, whom people here declare to be crazy. It is to be observed that no town of any importance has returned Ministerial candi dates, and that most of those have been elected in the rural districts of Pomerania and Silesia, where the Junker influence is powerful, and Government pressure has full scope. Letters from Pomerania mention the most outrage • ous examples of the manner in which that pressure has been applied. From various parts of Prussia we learn that in ferior public functionaries, those whose sole choice was be tween obedience to the will of Government and a dismissal, which in most cases would have been tantamount to starva tion, were driven to the voting places like sheep to the market. Everywhere the screw was pat on to the utmost possible extent, and the result has been such as to show how completely without support in the country the present Government is. In a few electoral districts which may be looked upon as close boroughs, in others where the population is of mixed nationality, and in some so remote that even the telegraph wire does not reach them, the sup porters of Government have secured 39 or 40 seats, the oc cupants of which the semi-official organ declares to be " de cided Conservatives." Forty followers for M. Bismark-40 gentlemen prepared to refuse to the nation the right of con trolling its own expenditure. The Absolutist and Anti- Constitutional party has not yet quite got up to the mark down to which it dwindled in the elections of 1858, when, deprived of the Government influence and coercion, previ ously so liberally exerted in its behalf, it suddenly sank from a commanding position in the Chamber to a little group of 40 or 50 members. Its position has decidly deteriorated since then; for now, with every engine put in motion in its behalf, it obtains fewer votes. The Kreuz Zeitung of this day admits a defeat, and that the decided Liberals have an overpowering majority, but, nevertheless, it declares the result of the elections to be relatively favourable, and that this general election was not to be considered as a decisive conflict, but mere l y as a political reconnaissance en force, Doubtless th e Ab so l ut i sts will be quite satisfied with the result if they are t h ere b y enabled to persuade the King that the count r y is coming back to its loyalty, and that the 40 Conservative deputies in reality repr es e n t th e fl ower o f t h e nation. If his Majesty is to be convinced of this, it will certainly not be by the perusal of the names of those dis tricts which returned the gentlemen in question. With respect to the manner in which the new Chamber will divide itself, exact numbers can hardly bo given until it shall have sat a short time, but an approximate estimate may bo ventured upon. The Fortschrittt and Left Centre will reckon 240 members. With this compact and united majority will vote several small fractions--Dr. Lette and three members of the "Parliamentary Association" (as it was called in the last Chamber) ; President Grabow and three or four entirely independent members, and (at least on all constitutional questions) the remain der of the old Liberal party, Count Schwerin, M. Simson, &e. These bring the Liberal majority up to 260. With it the Poles, 26 in number, may also be expected usually to vote ; while, on the other hand, the Ultramontane fraction, or at least its majority, will habitually support the Government. The greatest success has been, as was anti cipated, for the Party of Progress, which will have 150 votes, just three-sevenths of the whole Chamber, and which under present circumstances is quite sure to find at least a hundred other deputies voting with it on every question that can well arise in the course of the session, likely to commence within a fortnight, and destined, according to the prevailing belief, to be but short-lived. At the previous elections it can scarcely be said that in Berlin and the large provincial towns there was anything like a serious conflict, but this time it has been a hollow thing, and the rr ajorities have been enormous. North and south, east and west, wherever the largest populations are, Fortschritt deputies have been chosen, and in those towns of any importance where they were not returned, the seats were almost inva riably taken by the men who fight under the equally popular banner of Bockum Dolffs, the late and present allies of the Party of Progress. Probably no electoral district has re turned more thoroughgoing Liberals than the four districts of Berlin. Indeed, not all the changes that have taken place in the representation of this capital are much to be applauded. Although M. Twesten may not have pleased his party by his speeches in the last session, it is difficult to consider that Berlin gains by the substitution of the ultra-Radical Professor Temme, and the name of Jacoby is one to which strong objections are raised even by very stanch and sincere Liberals. Schulze-Delitsch and Waldeck, two of the best of the nine chosen, will sit for other places for which they have also been elected, and where there is less certainty, should they decline the seats, of members of the same party being again returned, than there is in Berlin. The loss of M. Von Saucken-Julion felde will be regretted. He is considered to belong to the old Liberal fraction, highly unpopular, and which has been almost entirely turned out by the Conser vatives and the men of progress ; but he is an enlightened and sincere politician, and one of a class and position daily becoming scarcer in the Prussian Chamber. It cannot be said that the absence of M. George von Vincke from the Diet will be equally deplored, unless it be by the Berliner Allgenteine, which declares it a scandal that he should have been defeated by a coalition of Progtessists and Poles, hie supporters being the combined Conservatives and old Liberals. That the Conservatives should have voted for him is not surprising, for he repeatedly showed Ministerial leanings towards the latter part of last Session, and was also addicted to attacks on the Liberal party, whi c h i s heartily sick of his fantastical freaks, his bad temper, and of that uncoatrollablo pugnacity which forms a promin en t feature in his character, and often induces him to fall foul of a friend rather than have no fight. The Ultramontane party has lost several of its most prominent members. There have been eight candidates elected twice over. Of the more prominent members of the Chamber, besides Vincke and Saucken-Julienfelde, Patow, Kuhne, and Ronne have lost their seats ; also Aurswald, brother of the former Minister. Three of the Polish deputies elected are now fugitives in foreign countries, and, did they return hither to take their seats, would probably be sent to keep company with about a hundred of their fellow-countrymen now lodged, on charges of political offences, in the prison of the Husvoigtei, in Berlin. Their names are Count Dzialynski, von Guttry, and Bentkowski—the last-named the companion of Langiewicz in his unfortunate enterprise in Southern Poland. Of the 40 votes claimed by the sup porters of Government two or three are at least doubtful. Ex-Minister von der Heydt, for instance, can hardly be confidently reckoned upon as the supporter of a Cabinet some of whose suembers he disagreed with to the point of resignation, while others came in to pursue the policy he declined to carry out. If M. von der Heydt be as adroit as some believe, he may yet find a prominent part to play in those troublous times of Prussian politics. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—HoIIoway's Pills and Ointment : — Indigestion, Disorder of the Liver.—No fact in medical knowledge is better established than that the chief source of all morbid states, whether of body or mind, is a deranged state of eigestion, usually originating in the liver. Hollo way's Pills speedily regulate this function. In cases were delicacy of constitution render it unadvisable to take many Pills, the same healthtul effects may be carried out, with out debilitating, by rubbing Holloway's Ointment thoroughly over the pit of the stomach and right side at least twice a day; no pain or inconvenience attends this treatment. Its merits in vanquishing pain at the stomach, flatulency, and imperfect digestion, have been fully appre ciated by the public in all parts of the glebe for the lest 27 y641'6, SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TlMES.—There are many agreeable sensations to be felt by the man who succeeds rather suddenly and unexpectedly to a fine estate. He is raised in his own opinion and in that of his neighbours far above the position which he formerly occupied. He is neither stronger, nor wiser, nor handsomer, nor better ; but he fills a larger apace in the eyes of others and in his own. The laws on which the world is conducted would, however, be signally reversed in his favour if this brilliant position were not attended with very notable drawbacks. He has a great deal more busi • ness to do ; and amid the subtleties of lawyers, the claims of mortgages, the reports of architects and estate agents, and the grumbling of tenants, may sometimes regret his modest chambers at the Temple and his three-shilling dinner at his club. But per haps the greatest tribulation which he has to endure is, that all the world believe themselves to be in a position to give him advice. To pay off his mort gages, to borrow money for draining, to alter the old house, to pull it down, to add to it, to buy more land or to sell some that he has, to cut down his trees or to plant new ones, to make a lake or to fill up the lake that he has got, these and a hundred similar admonitions are sure to be volunteered for his bene fit. Very similar to Chia is the case of Italy. She has come into her estate at last, after having been kept out of it nearly 400 years. She is, in conse quence—we will not say the best, but certainly the most advised country in Europe. There is nobody who has managed his own affairs so ill that he feels disqualified to offer an opinion on the management of the affairs of Italy. Everybody knows exactly what she ought to do—to centralise, to decentralise, to reform, to readjust, to put down, to raise up, to undo the evils of frier centuries in as many years, to work without tools, and to make bricks without straw. But after all the admonition which has been lavished on Italy, the one point upon which advice was really most required, and upon which neglect will be most fatal, has been altogether neglected. Errors of all other kinds are retrievable; but neither liberty, good government, progress, nor self-respect is long possible with low credit and disordered finances. We have no right to expect from Italy that which no nation has ever yet attained—the art of making cheap wars and economical revolutions. These are discoveries reserved doubtless for a more advanced period of the history of the world, for we have cer tainly made no approach to them hitherto ; but, nevertheless, the expenditure of Italy is not justi fied by her present resources. She has for the last five years been getting into debt at the rate of £16,000,000 a year. A loan of £40,000,000 ster ling cleared off the extra expenses of war and revo lution up to the end of the year 1861, and left a surplus of 14,000,000 f. remaining. Here, then, we might reasonably have expected that a new point of departure would be taken, and that if an equilibrium between Income and Expenditure could not at once be reached, at any rate a considerable advance would be made towards it. Such anticipations have been grievously disappointed. The expenditure of 1862 exceeds the income by about £14,000,000 ster ling, or one-third of the whole, and this does not appear to be result of any falling off of income, but simply of the enormous scale of the expenditure. The revenue has risen, but the expenditure has much more than kept pace with it. We cannot, however, doubt that the revenues of Italy admit of very great augmentation. They appear to be as yet collected in the most inartificial manner. The taxa tion of the different States so lately united is left pretty much as it was before the union, a source in itself of infinite trouble and confusion. The tariff is far too high ; the duties vary from 10 to 50 per cent., and are therefore higher than, according to our experience, can possibly be collected. That is the conclusion in this country, which has no land frontier and is surrounded by a stormy ocean. What must it be •in Italy w;th the canton of Ticino penetrating into her Northern plains, with France, S wiezeriand, and Austria on her frontiers, with a long sea coast and a short and easy passage to so many islands and continental States ? Her free ports are of course nests of smugglers. There is one one way to spoil their trade—by a reduction of the tariff; but that is exactly the one remedy which no Italian financier has yet ventured to take. Of course such a step could only be made effectual by submitting at first to a considerable reduction of revenue, and that re duction nobody seems willing to undertake. Im perfect as the collection of the revenue is, the ex penses of the collection amount to 25 per cent. of the whole. The employes of Government being for the first time expected to be honest, have justly re ceived as an equivalent for this new virtue an in crease of salary, which for the moment is a heavy additional expense. The army, of course, cannot be reduced. £4,000,000 a year are spent on public works, which are greatly needed, not merely to de velope the industry but to complete the political unity of the country. So we suppose the Govern ment will go on, whatever political economy may say to the contrary, with taxes on wine, oil, and meat, and monopolies of salt and tobacco. The Italian Finance Minister anticipates an equilibrium between income and expenditure as early as the year 1867. It is a sanguine estimate. The true key to sound finance is economy. Unanswerable reasons can no doubt be given why not a single franc of the expenditure of 974,000,000 francs, or £39,000,000 sterling should be retrenched. It is always so ; it was so in India till the necessity of retrenchment became undeniable. Then all sorts of impossibilities were accomplished with an ease, a celerity, and success which must have a little surprised those who had spent their lives in demonstrating them. So will it be with Italy. Once let the nation firmly grasp the idea that domestic financial em barrassment is a more pressing danger, and more certain cause of ruin than foreign conquest or occu pation, and things which are new impossible will suddenly become easy. We venture to predict that there will be no balance of Italian finance till the taxation is put on a sound footing, and the only way to that consummation is to be found through economies leading to a surplus, instead of de ficits ending in heavy loans, to be con tracted successively on harder and harder terms. We have a good right to be heard on this question, for, with the exception of Prussia, we are the only considerable State in the civilised world which is able to live within its income, and to do something towards the reduction of the principal of its debt. France, boundless as are her resources, and rapid as is the development of her industry, cannot raise her expendit ure by taxation. She astonished Europe a little while ago by a deficit of £40,000,000 in a time of peace. So signal a misfortune gave rise to all sorts of good resolutions, but the resolutions h ave reso lved themselves into nothing, and France is said to be on the eve of contracting a loan. Austria, by a course of just the same extravagance as Italy, by a systematic annual deficit, has been dragged down to a deplorable financial position, which she is but just beginning to retrieve. Russia is on the verge of bankruptcy, which the first threat of the European war she has provoked would convert into a reality. Portugal has just been borrowing; and Spain, after so many years of bitter experience, cannot prevail upon herself to take her place among honest nations by recog nising the debts she has contracted. Turkey is busy concocting a surplus to gild over a return to old habits of extravagance ; and America is mort gaging her splendid destiny in order the more completely and speedily to accomplish her present eestruction. Such is the financial aspect of the civilised world at this moment; let not Italy find in it that consolation which we are apt to derive from the discovery that our neighbours are as foolish as ourselves, but let her rather reflect that the test of good government is not its external form, but the welfare of its subjects, and that it her revolution is only to terminate in bankruptcy, it was scarcely worth making. HERALD.—" L' Anglegerre recule sur t.ute la ligne." That is the way in which a journalist in Paris speaks of the latest efforts of English diplo macy in the unhappy Polish question. The latest dispatch of Lord Ituesell to the Russian Court does indeed involve a retreat along the whole line. Lord Napier has handed to Prince Gortschakoff a letter which is described as conciliatory both in contents and form. So far from being ready to endorse by overt action the indiscretions of Blairgowrie, our Foreign Minister is terrified by the effect which has been produced by that unfortunate speech, at the inferences which have been universally drawn from it. He has given up all idea of declaring that the Treaty of 1815 is null and void, of proclaiming that Russia has forfeited her right to Poland. The common sense of the public, the comments of the press, reminded him that by such a declaration he would be doing more harm to the cause of Poland than to that of Russia; he would be cutting away the ground from beneath his feet,depriving himself of the only possible right that he could have to in terfere with authority, the right implied in the treaty which in a manner placed Poland under the protection and guarantee of Europe. So Lord Russell, who may fairly be suspected of having in tended to indite a dispatch in this suicidal and self sacrificing spirit—for, if words have any meaning, his declaration in Scotland came to as much— , veered round, was better advised, and took up a more prudent line. This last dispatch will be found, we believe, to be the essence of all that is mild and conciliatory. When it appeared doubtful whether Russia would be able to subjugate the insurgent Poles, the tone of Lord Russell'sassed re monstrance was high and arrogant. It that England and France were the thenatural legitimate controllers of the eff4rs of arbiters of peace and war, the umpires between arbitrary Governments and their Ituigia was iq a great dilliCuttY* The way to get out of it was to listen to the well-meant advice of France, England, and Austria. She mast accept the six points or prepare for the worst. If not, she must be left to her deserts ; the Poles might triumph, they might establish their independence and be welcome to it. The Three Great Powers would wash their hands of Russia. Matters are changed during the last four months. It is now Russia who has the upper hand. In June she did not hesitate to accept the issue. She ap pealed, without flinching, to the arbitrament of war. As for the mediating powers, she would do without their sympathy, she did not want their advice. She told them so plainly. Never, perhaps, was the Minister of a great power so lightly and contemptu ously treated as was Lord Russell in the second dispatch of Prince Gortschakoff. He was told to mind his own business. He was a little irritable at first, after receiving this advice. NV hen at 13' eir gowrie, he said he would not put up with i‘ ; he was determined to show fight—on paper, of course. He would issue against Russia a bull of deposi'ions like that which the Pope launched against Queen Eliz►beth, Her claim to Poland should be declared forfeit, so that any one might take it who chose. But, having slept upo❑ it a few times, it came to pass one night that the sun did not go down upon his wrath. He came to the wise conclusion that after all, perhaps, it would be better to take Prince Gortschakoff's advice, and mind his own business. But he could not help writing one more letter, a very tame and inoffensive one this time:—`` Her Majesty's Government is sorry, very sorry, that the Emperor of Russia does not intend to take its advice about his Polish subjects. It is informed that the Imperial troops have been on the whole successful against the -insurgents, and that the in surrection is not likely to outlast the winter. It congratulates the Emperor of Russia on the suc cess of his arms, on the prowess of his soldiers. Under the circumstances it is unnecessary to remark further on the little misunderstanding which lately took place between the two courts. It is taken for granted that the Emperor will not forget that the treaty of Vienna, which guaranteed to him the Kingdom of Poland, did at the same time hold out the promise of certain rights to the Poles. The manner and time of the fulfilment of the promise may be safely left to the wisdom and cle mency of the Emperor." And so the Emperor of Russia is salved down ; the Poles are left to them selves; and we are saved from a war in which their was nothing to be gained, very much to be lost. Next to the Poles, the party in these negociations most to be pitied is Lord Russell. He has been con tradicted, snubbed, humiliated. It is not we, the people of England, who have been insulted. It is only the Whig Government, and for that we do not care much. The people may be congratulated on having escaped a great danger, that of being led by the nose to make war for a chimera. There is some thing about diplomacy of this sort that is at once ridiculous and melancholy. It is so impotent, and at the same time so mischievous. The thorough deadlock reached by the Three Powers in their com bined intervention is admirably pictured in one of Chain's drawings in a late number of Charivari. Englishman, Frenchman, and German, are march ing together near a signpost, which indicates the road to Poland. But they are not advancing in any strict sense. It is a crab step, a pas d'ecrevisse. The Zouave and Grenadier are hooked arm in arm, but the one is attempting to go forwards, the other backwards. The heavy German, hanging on the Frenchman's left arm, is dragging him towards the ground. This is a very exact deenription of the latest chef d'ceuvre of diplomacy. Lord Russell may flatter himself that something has been done for Poland by this combined and " peaceful" interven tion. We need not tell him what we think of it. We will tell him what his friends think of it—those who up to this time have encouraged him, and bid him persevere. " l'he Three Powers," says a lead ing contemporary, " have not lightened by a single feather the weight which presses on Poland ; they have not dried a single tear, or prevented the flowing of a single drop of blood. Again it says," The Poles cannot believe that the th reePowers who have made so vigorous a rt monstrance against Russia will leave them to perish without striking a biow in their be half. It they are wrong in this anticipation, then to the intervention of the Three Powers are to be ascribed all the miseries that Poland is to suffer dur ing five months of fruitAess and protracted warfare." Flow better than in the language of the limes card we recapitulate what we have urged so often ? The Polish intervention is the greatest blunder of the year. To England a deep humiliation ; to Russia an impertinence ; to the brave, but wretched men, whom the leafless forests are now betraying to their doom, a cruelty beyond expression. - - PosT.—On Thursday the French Chambers wilt be formally opened by the Emperor. To many per. sons in this country the inauguration of a Partia mentary session, with e speech from the Throne, would seem an event of but comparatively little interest. We are always in a great hurry, it is true, to read " The Queen's Speech," but it is rarely indeed that our anxiety is rewarded by the dis covery of anything novel or unexpected. If we happen to be at peace we will be sure to find a paragraph congratulating the country on the auspi cious circumstance ; and if we are at war, the un toward fact will be regretted in a neatly pointed period. Of the future, so far as regards our foreign relations, not a syllable will be said—not because the Government are desirous of maintaining secrecy, but simply because they can have no secrets to tell, Bat on the other side of the Channel it is different. France is governed by one man, and whether for good or for evil he absolutely determines the course she shall pursue. He keeps his counsel, and leaves the world to indulge in what must be only the vaguest conjectures, until on such an occasion as that which is at hand he either openly declares or shadows forth, in a manner not to be mistaken, the course which he deems it expedient to follow. And so it is; for the past month Europe has been on the tenter hooks of expectation to hear the language in which the French Emperor will address his Cham bers on the sth of November. The events which have crowded on each other during the present year both in the Old and in the New World, and in the peculiar position in which France finds herself placed invest with more than ordinary interest the possible steps which will be taken by her ruler. The horizon is overcast, and when it is borne in mind that it is in the power of the French Emperor to bid the storm burst forth, it is not surprising that the speech in which he will announce his policy should be looked forward to with impatience, if not alarm. However, two days hence, all doubts will be set at rest, and a suspense which has made itself injuriously felt in all the money markets of Europe will be brought to an end. The principal points of foreign policy to be touched on in the forthcoming speech must refer to the Polish, the Mexican, and the American " difficulties," and doubtless the threatened rupture between Germany and Denmark will receive a passing co mment. It is, however, the policy which Fran ce will p ursue towards Russia which, before everything else at the present time, possesses paramount interest. The dipiomatic intervention of the three Powers in favour of Poland has proved a failure, and it remains to be seen whether an attempt will be made to secure that with the sword- which fruitless endea vours have been made to attain with the pen. 'f he refusal of Great Britain and of Austria to have re course to arms to vindicate the rights of the Polish nation has placed France in a position which it is notorious that her ruler considers equivocal. It is, indeed, clear that the intervening Powers were foiled by Russian diplomacy, and the final reply of the Cabinet of St. Petersburg was such as to render all further negotiations on the previous bases cer tain to be unavailing. But, because diplomacy has been at fault, it would be incorrect to conclude that war now must supervene. However warm may be the sympathies of France in favour of the Pulioh nation, they are not warmer than those of Great Britain, and, like the latter Power, she does not yet see that it is necessarily by war that a constitutional Poland is to be created. Those who have antici pated intimations of a warlike policy in the forth coming speech from the French Throne will most probably find themselves agreeably mistaken. It is clearly the interest of the French Government to avoid war, and Europe may rest satisfied that if her peace should eventually be disturbed, the cause will not be justly attributable to the French Emperor. Had it not been for the extraordinary and, by every one but Frenchmen, unhoped-for success which attended the expedition to Mexic o, the Go vernment of Napoleon 111. might have had some difficulty in justifying the policy they adopted in respect to that country. Bat success constitutes the surest and most satisfactory of jurisdictindnse, an and the Emperor is entitled to allu de with pri fro satisfaction to the results whic h have sprung l m Mexican intervention. The e x p edition was a cost y oexnep,enbsuetstwhehriechivr inneou Erreedasowniltlobederuebptaitdhbaty the f n o r o m m e i r n l a y l w g e o n v t e r b n y m t e h n e t, b a b m u e t viavirtual n n anarchy, aton. which T he of a republic, has now cease .e d twhi o _ex eh ist w , il a i n a d t inl eastits place will be raised an em p ir possess themerits of being respectable and respected. Each successive mail which is despatched from Mexico to Europe testifies to the increasing influ ence of those who went as conquerors, but are accepted as deliverers, and to the growing desire of the Mexican people to be ruled by a responsible and substantial Government. An Austrian prince has accepted the throne on conditions which are sure to be fulfilled, and within the past few days b w y e t h h a e v eAlearnt t G h a o t v e p r n r e m p e a n r t a t t i o o e n h s a b h l a e v t e b b e e ha e n o h m a a r e d h e elect to depart for his future empire in a manner consistent with his high dignity. So far, there fore, es re,: - ..!ards M - eieo, the French P.m ,Ask with eonlidence iroth his Chambers u yn to the policy which he has pursued. On the whol we shall be much mistaken if the general tone 0 the Emperor's speech is not decidedly peaceful. The circumstances under which Napoleon will meet his Chambers this week are more favourable than on any previous occasion since he came to the throne. ),The country is prosperous, and its finances, thanks to the careful supervision of M. Fould, are healthy. Had it not been for the Mexican expedi tion there would have been a considerable surplus. The current year shows an increase of revenue of between six and seven millions sterling. But although the expenditure occasioned by the Mexican expedition is undoubtedly heavy, still the French Government are entitled to believe that the Mexi cans will in time repay them their present lasses. It will be easy for the Opposition to cavil with the foreign policy of the Government, but it will be difficult for them to show thit a different course could trive been purgued with equal advantage. Nothing is easier than to find fault. Whatever the opponents of his 'Government may say, the Emperor is fairly entitled to claim credit for having upheld the honour and advanced the national prosperity of France. SEDUCTION AND ROBBERY. At the Salford Sessions, on Friday, William Broadbent was charged with stealing, at Rochdale, on the 21st of March, a quantity of wearing apparel and £8 in money, the property of Eliza Thorpe. The prosecutrix was one of a family residing at Cotehill, near Halifax. The father was engaged in a mill, and the prosecutrix and another sister earned a living by dressmaking. On the 30th of January. this year, the prisoner called at the house of the prosecutris and asked to see his father ; he waited until Mr. Thorpe came in, and told him he was in partnership with his brother in a mill at Sowerby-bridge, and he wanted Mr. Thorpe to come and work for him. At the same time ho should not require Mr. Thorpe's services for severalmonths. Before he left the house that night he asked prosecutriz if she kept company with any one ; and on his second visit he asked her to keep company with him. The prisoner kept company with Mr. Thorpe until March, when he took her with him to Bradford, under the pretence of ordering some machinery for his mill. About the same time ho borrowed £l2 from Miss Thorpe, for the purpose, as he alleged, of paying some of his workmen. When they were at Brad ford, he took Miss Thorpe to see a friend of his of the name of Fox—they had tea with Fox and his wife, and she re turned the same, night home. Afterwards the prisoner said trade was so bad he was going to sell his share in the mill to his brother, and wanted Miss Thorpe to go with him to America. She consented. They afterwards again wevt to Bradford, and saw Fox. Upon that occasion the prisoner told them he and Miss Thorpe were about to be married, and were going to America ; and Fox proposed that ho should accompany them, and that his wife should follow. This was agreed to. Miss Thorpe packed up ;her beet clothes in a box, and £.B in money; and on the 21st of March she, the prisoner, and Fox, proceeded to the Sowerby Bridge railway station, as she thought, to go to Liverpool. Her sister went with her to the station and saw them off. It was arranged that they were to go direct to Liverpool, and be married there, sailing to America the same week. The prisoner and Fox, however, got out at Rochdale, and the prisoner told her she must also get out, as they wanted to see some of his friends before they left the country. Her box was taken out, and they all went to the Weavers' Arms, kept by Mr. Shepherd. That samo night prisoner and Fox broke open Miss Thorpe's box, toot her money, and pledged and sad all her clothes. The prisoner and Miss Thorpe slept together that night and the following night. They reached Rochdale on the 21st, and on the 24th they came on to Manchester. She asked where her box was, and they said it had been despatched to Liver pool, so as to save their being bothered with it. At Man chester the prisoner slept one night with Miss Thorpe, and the following morning Fox disappeared. The prisoner said he would go and see what had become of Fox, and went out, but never returned. After waiting several hours Miss Thorpe began to suspect something was wrong, and went out to look for the prisoner. She did not find him ; and, being, alarmed, thought he might hava gone to Rochdale, awl so sne determined to walk there. On reaching that town she went to the Weavers' Arms, and found that neither the prisoner nor Fox had been there. She then became so distracted as not to know what she did, and in that state of mind entered several shops in succession, and stole articles of wearing apparel. She was taken up im mediately by the police, and the following morning refused to say anything about herself, pleaded guilty, and was sen tenced to two months' imprisonment, which she served in the New Bailey. On coming out she was taken home by her sister; a few days afterwards she went to Rochdale , and applied for a warrant against Fox, who was tried at the July sessions, and sentenced to three years' penal ser vitude. The prisoner Broadbent was in custody at the time for another offence. The jury returned a verdict of guilty. The chairman told the prisoner that the jury had very properly found him guilty of this most scandalous offence, and there could he no doubt as to the diabolical scheme practised upon the young woman, who had been the principal witness, whereby she had been robbed of everything she possessed, deprived of her honour, and then left in a most base manner by the prisoner. The prisoner had been imprisoned on three previous occasions—once for neglect of his wile and family, and twice for obtaining money under false pretences. The Court would not be doing its duty to the public if it did not carry out the ex treme penalty of the law. Tho prisoner was therefore sen tenced to seven years' penal servitude. COUNTRY MARKETS. ,1 , COLCHESTER—Om 31. There was a fair supply of wheat to-day, but th e de ; mend was still slow, and the rates of last week were 813° „ n a made. Barley of fine quality realised fully late prices, an r grinding sorts rather cheaper. Beans and peas were 09.51 e to purchase. Wheat, white 3gs 44s 48s Beans,3lazagan.. 33 s red 42s 46s middle & small.3ss Barley Oats GLOUCESTER—OcT. 31. There was a good show of English wheat to-day, and the currencies of lan week were maintained. Foreign. wheat was dull, and prices tending downwards. BarleYt beans, and oats sold slowly. CHELMSFORD—OcT. 30. At this corn exchange to-day there was very little busi ness done. White wheat was firm, and maintained the prices of las-, week ; but red sorts rather declined. Barley, beans, peas, and oats unchanged in value, with an inactive sale. Wheat, old white 30s 47s new 44s 48s old red 34s 40s new 38s 42s Barley 27s 36s Chevalier ..28s 39s Grinding 22s 31s Malt 6ls 67s Peas, Partridge 36 s 39$ Ditto o te new 3Bs 39$ Boiling .. 39 8 41$ Dun 338 36$ __,,, ---8 Beans, Tick, :ad 343 39 : new —s ---- Harrow Ticks 3ss 406 new -- 8 ,; q : Mazagan ..• 30s "" Chevalier 64s Os Oats 20s 28s KIRKCALDY GRAIN—OcT. 31. We had good supplies of all descriptions of grain at 0 ° market to-day, which sold freely at last week's rates. Wheat. Barley. Oats. Fir5t....338 Od I 25s Od I 158 Od Second ..33s 6d 27s Od 16s 6d Third.... 388 Od 29s Od 19s Od COAL N. Frfoes of Cold per 'Von al 0. d. ARK ET. the clove of the market, Byass's Bebside West Hartley ...16 3 Lambert's West Hart- $, d. ley 16 0 Cowpen Hartley 16 3 West Hartley 16 3 Walls End. Hartlepool 19 6 South Hartlepool 18 6 Hetton 2O 0 Walls End. Tunstall 17 6 H.eugh Hall ........•• 18 South Kelloe.. l° a - Ituseel's Hetton lB •;, BraddyLl'a Hetton lB 0 7 Haswell .. 20 Trimdon Hartlepool...lo ° 6 Cassop •...... 18 K elloe Riddell l7 Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Horniman's pure Tea; very choice at 3s 4d. and 4s. " High Standard "at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in everY town supply it in packets. Births. enzari6rrr.-022 the 31st ult., a t Wyvenhoe H a ll, Essex' the 'alto of Sir C. W. C. Cres p igny, Bart., of a son. EDGELL.--On the 31st ult., at the Royal Naval Hospi& Haslar, the wife of Capt. Harry Edge'', R.N., C. 8., & e. the lst of a son. f inst., of Bryntirion, William 2LolutghMtetdr.gley,Esq., Rhyl N. Wales, the W iil MIDGL EY.—Osa . at , near oCforWweilnli, Marriages. Boo nr.—GARDNER.--,On th e 31 s t u l t,, at St. Faurst,,„ Ad r o dl e stone, Walter Booth, E sq , of ll.M.'e Military °""j, Staff, to Florentia, th e fo urt h d aughter of Captain u• Gardner, R.N., of New Raw. JAC KSON— LINTOTT.—On tbe 31st inst., at Saint iutt-, le . bone, Thomas Cr esw i e k J ac k son Esc., 24, WrimP°:tr street, to Louis a Eli za b eth, only C hild of W. H. Liuto Esq., 23, Wiropole-street. Deaths. ANDREws.—On the Ist inst , Major-General Allar elv , i s ' late of the R o y a l Artillery, a . t Westbourne-park, wafer, aged 76. DEANS.—On the 31st ult., at 21, Abingdon• street , in: Deans, Esq., Parlia men t ar y so li c it or , o f ll,Great Q uee street, Westminster, aged 63. GIBSON.—On the 6th Sept., Whampoa, China' on b° 01 the steam ship Robert Lowe, Thomas D. M. Gibson, of the Right. Hon. T. Milner Gibson, M.P., ag ed 1 T. 8: 01" GREAVES.— On the 2d inst., at 3, Harleyford-Place, A nington, C. T. Greaves, Esq., aged 39. late ° f GALE —On the Ist inst., at Andover, Mi s s Gale, Ce,dogan-place, London, letsged 90. Esq, HORNCASTLE.On the inst. Chas, Horncas tle, of Wilton road, Dalston, aged '67. G" 1 e°. Rica.—On the Ist inst., at 80, Eaton-place , Admiral Frederick Rich, aged 76. •—__ _ Louden : Primed and Published by WILLIAM. ANDKr",I, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TU E SUN once;St)* Strand, the Precinct, of the I.lavoy, in the CO ll3l iii ex.— Tuesday, November. 3,,_1863.