The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-31 00:00:00

N FUN, This W eek, One Penny, OUT Prize lEssays—'Name of the Wi nner; Sir Matrhelv White Itidley, ; The Frankfort Diet —all Smoke, Ste., Ace. OYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE Xt.) Lessee, Mr. George Vining. U n der the Manag ement of Mr. Walter Mont mery. TH IS EVENING , S bakespere's Traffedy of RICHARDIII. Richard, Duke of Gloster, Mr. Walter 3lontgomery. After w hich, LEND CIE FIVE SH ILLINGS. Commence at 7. NEIN- THE ATRE-R0 VAL, ADELPIII,— soo,prorrt@tor and Manager, B. Webster. THIS F.VENING (2d week), at 7, a new comic drama, THE 3I EN AND CRICKEN Stephen r A Sign of Affection. Messrs. Billington, It. Phillips, on ; Mrs. Stirling and Miss K. Simms. Atter which, at a quarter-Past 8, the new drama of THE ITAITNTED MAN ; T E GHOST'S BARGAIN, in 'which will be exhibited Professor Pepper's adaptation of she Great Spectral Illusion. Messrs. J. L. Toole, It. Phillips, efton C. J. Smith; Mrs. Alfred Mellon and Miss Simms. Followed by a new Burlesque, ent.tlel ILL-TREAT ED IL TROCATORE. Messrs. Toole. P. Bedford, It. Phillips, Jibnrne, C. J. Smith, isomer ; the Sisters Nelson, Carry and gar i, and Miss K. Kelly. -ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Manager, Mr. W. H. Swanborouf.,• , ll. THIS EVENING, HIS FIRST CHAMPAGNE. Mr. Leigh Murray. Vollowed by (37th time) THE MOTTO, " I'M ALL THERE." Messrs. Honey, Turner, E. Danvers, Collier, Clifton; _Mesdames Ada Swanborough, F. Josephs, Maria binipson, Wallace, and Jenny White. To conclude with TURN 11131 OUT. Mr. Turner, Miss Thorne. Commence at 7. V HE THIRD EDITION OF THE SUN," Containinr , the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, can be had Every Evening of G. R. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, llyde-parl;• HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS M&Y.- ?homing, 3h. 30m.—Afternoon, 312. 52m, To-AORROW. - Morn in g , 4h. 15m.—Afternoon, 4h. 30m, The Weather—Sun Office, Aug• 31, 1863. TILEILMONIETER. This mornln ............................. Cs This day at Two o'clock .................... 63 Barometer- 2 ` 9 . 80 . ; fresh, and showery. circumstance for him, no doubt of it, but was in no way whatever a discreditable circu mstance. Personally, indeed, ever since then, he appears to have comported himself in a manner befitting one who has occupied the poffition osten sibly of a gentleman of honour and education, and more even than that, as the sequel of if.s career has shown, one of refined taste and of lavish hospita lity. As a reason for declining to m ake good the amount chimed under the insurance, the case for the defendants broke down altogether. Still more conspicuous was the collapse of the evidence brought together by them with a view to its leading eventually to the conviction of the plaintiff for arson. So soon as their last witness had left the box after cross-examination, it became apparent that they had, as the familiar phrase is, not a leg to stand upon. Painful though the whole of this investiga tion cannot, by possibility, but have been to Mr. WOOLLEY, to the insurance company itself it can not but be very seriously damaging. g , 44 . MI Lord STANLEY'S speech at the Royal North Lan cashire Agricultural Association is well worthy of perusal. He laid great stress on the state of agri cultural improvement in this country, that being one of the objects with wbich the society had to deal. An interesting circumstance was referred to, in the fact of Sir R. PEEL having written a letter thirteen years ago, in which he alluded to the then condition of Lancashire. He said that there were good roads, good markets, and a moist climate, which remained " undrained, badly fenced, and wretchedly farmed." Then, said Lord STANLEY, " I ask anyone to com pare the Lancashire of 1850 with that of 1863." His lordship truly stated that the progress made in those eventful years was greater than in the fifty preceding ones ; afterwards, referring to the society, LONDON, MONDAY, AUGUST 31, 1863. he said that twenty years ago it was at a low level, but now it had kept pace with any in England, in regard to improvements, at the same time due re gard had not been paid to agricultural improve. ments. Putting his words into the form of exem• plification, he said that, looking to the country as it was, and considering the " simple and elementary processes of agricultural improvements, large fields, straight fences, and deep drains," there was, per haps, not one-half of the country i❑ the state in which it ought to be, and in which, in all proba bility, in the next generation it would be. Lord STANLEY'S speeches are always pre eminently practical, and to the point ; he never flatters or exaggerates, but seers to point out the The extraordinary trial which during this last week so engaged public attention, came on Saturday to an abrupt close, immediately after the comple tion of the summing up, upon the whole case, by the learned judge before whom it was conducted. The decision of the jury was instant and unhesitat ing. They took no time whatever for deliberation. And this, for the one sufficient reason—that, by the time the evidence for the defence had been giv en in, in its entirety, it had became perfectly obvious to everybody in court that the cause ought never to have come on for trial at all. Anything like a detailed recapitulation of the case here, and at this moment, would be worse than superfluous, would be nothing less than tedious under the circumstances. The particulars have from first to last been so carefully and accurately reported that a recapitulation of them has been rendered altogether unnecessary. Nor is the case, whatever may be thought upon the matter by others, in any way so complicated as to render this recapitulation of it, in detail, requisite, in order to make it compre hensible. Our principal contemporary, it is true, has apparently thought quite otherwise. For, not content with giving the most admirably exact report of the whole five days' proceedings, it has prefaced each day's record with a more and more carefully elaborated summary of the whole matter in dis pute—a summary that this morning surpasses in lucidity of argument, and in general completeness, the rival speeches of Mr. BOVILL and Mr.Lusu, to gether with the summing up of the learned Judge, Baron BRAMWELL. deficiencies, and flaws in a system, as well as parading the merits of the case. This style of speak ing may not be so pleasing, but it is more salutary certainly, and the hearers of such harangues may afterwards look back with satisfaction, and acknow ledge the benefits they have derived therefrom, which might not have accrued from more brilliant discourses, and more exciting studies. Lord STANLEY referred to his own personal experience in the Tyide district. He said that when he went there ho was much pleased with. the general appearance of the place. There were hardworking tenant-farmers whose families had lived there from time immemorial. In a social sense nothing could be better. There were the evi dences of hard work, independence, and comfort. But viewed as an agriculturist would regard it, the spot was very different. There was water standing upon the ground after but a little rain, and rushes 1 so luxuriant that one might have fancied them to I be the staple produce of the soil. Worse than this, there were large tracts of land going to waste be cause the owners and occupiers could not agree among themselves and unite to drain the ground in a proper manner. Lord STANLEY proved the truth of a homely adage, but a very true one, re garding the great importance of the master's eye being upon the work, by stating that the "most un satisfactory of all the estates he saw were those that belonged to the Duchy of Lancaster, and they were under the direct control of the Crown." As may be supposed there was laughter at this remark, which seemed designed to show that there was no royal road to agriculture, bridging all difficulties and subduing obstacles, but that the common law held good in the highest as well as the lowest pro perties. There is an anecdote extant which is doubtless founded upon truth, that tells of a noble man who took great interest in rural matters, and complained to a farmer on his estate that he could not get such produce from the soil as his humbler neighbours did. The tenant exclaimed, " True ; but the difference consists in one word, ray lord. You say Go,' and I say Come."' Of course this rule would apply to any arduous undertaking. It is always of essential conseqaence that those who take an immediate interest in the conduct of an affair, should have a ruling voice in its concerns. Lord STANLEY went on to point out another deficiency in the outward cultivation of Lancashire. There were many landlords who de rived benefit from the products beneath the soil, and were therefore indifferent as to the progress of agri culture. They were very naturally tempted by the profits, forgetting the difference that existed between manufacturing and agricultural risks. The old system of giving life leases also militated greatly against this, produced great injury, drained resources, and turned the relation of landlord and tenant into a sort of "gambling speculation." The speaker next summed up the difficulties of their position as regarded cultivation. '[he climate was less genial, and the soil required a good deal of laboar to work it, but on the other side they had abundance of labour to come to their assistance ; their population was very rapidly increasing. Taking all things together, then, the bad did not seem to preponderate over the good. Lord STANLEY forcibly expressed his meaning by stating that it was not climate that made the difference in the producing power of one country over another, but human industry, skill, and energy. "Naples is a wilderness; the lowlands of Scotland are a garden." This sentiment elicited loud cheers from the audience, Lord STANLEY concluded his impressive speech by stating that he had confidence in Lan cashire men, and ho looked forward to the day when various improvements should have taken place. He adverted to the question of the employ ment of machinery, and remarked that the next great stop would create a revolution in English agriculture, namely, ploughing by steam. Refer ring to the adoption of these novel modes of pro cedure by the farmers, ho advised them to go with the spirit of the times, and not oppose useless and unavailing objections. " All I say is, this is a question which cannot be evaded. Sooner or later it will force itself upon you. At all times and iu all trades, the competition between mechanism and hand labour has been too unequal to be sustained, and those farmers will be the wiser who observe w hat has happened in other depart men t s o f in dustry, who take warning in time, an d w h o ta k e care not to be left behind in the race." Stripped of all unnecessary detail, the case re cently under discussion stands thus. The house holder of that beautiful old Elizabethan mansion, known out at the old court suburb of Kensington during the last two hundred and fifty years as Campden House—once the house of the First Vis count CAMPDEN, for a while the residence of Queen ANNE when Princess—the householder, and as such, of course, the virtual owner of Campden House, having been burnt out of that dwelling of his, in the spring of 1862, in the autumn of 1863 brings an action against an insurance office for the recovery of one out of several sums of money in which he stood insured up to the time of the fire, for house, furniture, fittings, pictures, &c., &c.; in that and in two other insurance offices—sums amounting in the aggregate to no less than close upon £30,000 sterling. The principle insurance actually in dispute was to no •greater extent, it is true, than the sum of £4,000. The cause as it has stood during these five days of last week was between Mr. W. F. WOOLLEY as the plaintiff and .the officials of the Sun Fire Office as the defendants. But the other two fire-offices implicated in this ex traordinary affair, the Argus and the Hand-in- Hand, are hardly less seriously affected than the Sun Fire Office by the decision of the jury down at Croydon. The meaning of the defence was avowedly that the plaintiff had set fire to the building himself, assisted in so doing by his valet, CROZIER. It constituted, therefore, s distinct charge of fraud and arson, involving not merely, if made good against the plaintiff, a refusal to hand over to him one of the various sums in which he stood insured up to the night of the conflagration, sums amounting, as we have said, to an aggregate of very nearly £30,000 in all, but subjecting him beyond that to the very imminent rick of penal servitude for life as a felon convicted of a crime that a few years back would have led to his execution upon the scaffold. Instead of all which calamities befalling him at the close of this extraordinary trial, we find the plaintiff receiving an instant, unconditional, and unhesitating verdict in his favour from the jury down at Croydon on Saturday after noon. This verdict being one, moreover, that we hesitate not to insert at once, will give universal satisfaction 'wherever it is heard of. And, for the simple reason that the defence set up on behalf of the Sun Fire office was, from first to last, flagrantly inadmissable because of its very extravagance. For the defence there was really, and in truth, no evidence whatever of any value or - impor- There was a singular cruelty, moreover, in the raking up of all the plaintiff's antecedents. Painful though the eclaircissement very probably is, however, to the plaintiff individually—it leaves him, after all has been said and done, with • nothing whatever to blush for. Granted that twenty years ego he was a c l er k somew h ere in Regent-street, with a miserable stipend, that he W " waiter, or something, like a waiter, in a London hotel; that he was a strolling player, or a hanger-on of a company of actors down in Hamp shire ; that he was a literary hack, as a chance t ra nslator ; that, i n one word, be was an adven turer, living at the beginning of his career purely by his wits — so far as the evidence for the defence has gone to prove anything in relation to Mr. WOOLLEY, he was so living in the literal meaning of the word, purely. What ever his antecedents may have been, they never appear to have been in any way dishonourable. His eventually marrying, several pears back, a lady bringing him a fortune of £35,C00, was a lucky tance. Circumstances invest the proceedings of the Ca nadians with an unusual degree of interest, and a good many English readers will turn with some cariosity to the report of the address with which the Governor-General opened the ne Parliament. The speech, in accordance with that policy by which the constitutions of our colonies ar:, made to re- semble their English prototype as closely as pos- 1 sible, is of a character familiar to most of us. It addresses collectively the members of both assem blies, commenting on one or two points of import ance in the domestic economy ; it directs the atten tion of the popular branch of the Legislature to the consideration of the estimates; and concludes with courtly expressions of confidence and hopes for peace and prosperity. Under this seeming routine, however, there lurk indications of some moment. The assembling or the Parliament at an unusual season is accounted for by the somewhat abrupt termination of the labours of its predecessor; but it is not improbable that the state of affairs in the neighbouring coun try may have had something to do with it. Nothing is said, moreover, in refer- ence to the conduct of the Federal States in the observations made by the Governor-General ro- specting the proposed aniendments of the Militia Law, and to the increase in the volunteer force ; but it is impossible not to recognise the influence not only of the war raging in another part of the great North American continent, but of Federal arrogance and presumption in every word. The defence of the country is a subject of vital import- ante to the Canadians, when from the rashness and insolence of the Government of the Northern States they can never reckon on the maintenance of the outwardly amicable relations between the Cabinets of St. James's and Washington. It is true that their union with this country is a tower of strength to them; but, at the same time, it is not impossible that the same cause may involve the Canadians in a war with their powerful neighbour. The ultimate issue would not be doubt- 'ul with the mother country in the background, but LATEST :GENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) THE POLISH INSJRRECTION. WIRSAW, Ara. 29. The National Government has issued a decree forbidding the exercise f the censorship in Warsaw. The chief censor, M. Sohcszczanshi, has conse quently already tendered hi; resignation. JAPLN. (Ey Telegraphirom Suez.) JAPAN, JULY 4. There is reported to be E growing affinity be tween the Tycoon's Governnent and foreigners. The Tycoon has charterEd British Eteatners to coney troops. PORTUGAL. (Per Onei(a.) LISBON, AUG. 27. Count Bone Fim has been appointed Governor of The Cape Verde Islands. The Gazette has published a ministerial decree that the bills and the Pontifical rescripts concern ing the rights of the I'ortu - oese Crown over the Indian bishoprics be publisled at the cost of the Government. An Italian squadron and Prince Carignan are expected to arrive at Lisbon for the baptism of the expected Royal infant, which will take place in the Church of Santa Maria of Belem. The Marquis de Bella is appointed Italian Minis ter at the Court of Lisbon. The war steamer Minden° is under orders to pro ceed to England at the end of this month to bring back Dom Fernando. it needs all Canada's watchfulness and energy to be on her guard against the first move. In this matter she must help herself, and though some among us have been too ready to censure the colo nists because their efforts appeared disproportionate to their requirements,not regarding the scarcity of the population, there can be no question that our North American colonies must make greater and more sustained efforts than they have hitherto done if they wish to keep pace with the necessities of their position. However much the securit y of Canada may concern us , it touches them still more nearly. It has been said by those who are unwil ling to make the required exertion that it is unfair to call upon the colonists to carry on a war in which they are not interested, and with whose origin they have had nothing to do. To this, the sufficient answer is that, without the support of that Power which involves them in these disinterested wars, they would probably long since have fallen victims to the aggression of some stronger State. The ex tensive application of the Volunteer principle is the safeguard for a colony like Canada. Every able bodied man should know how to shoulder his rifle, and be familiar with the rudiments of military training, that in the time of sudden need or urgency the army of defence would be ready and able to act at a moment's notice. The men of a regular army could be ill spared from the popula tion of the country, and however admirable may be the effects of enthusiasm and patriotic fervour, they will not altogether supply the place of skill and discipline. The Governor in his speech especially directs the attention of the Legislature to the pro posed amendment in the militia law, and to the large increase which has taken place in Volunteer force. Offers of service continue to pour in, proving that the whole colony is fully aware of the impor tance of the matter, and the Governor observes that the interest felt in the formation of drill associations, together with the eagerness of the youth of the country to perfect their skill as marksmen, are evi dences of the readiness with which the people of Canada would submit to hardship and sacrifice, were it necessary in the cause of their country. It would ill become the Governor of a professedly peaceful State to state the reason why such urgent need exists for strengthening the defence of the country, but the riddle is not difficult to read, and will be probably very quickly read by a good many others. Matters of finance are but lightly touched upon, although the Governor alluded to the unsatisfactory state of the exchequer. in which for some years the w deficien c y h as excee d e d th e i ncom i ngs. H e suggests that some stren u ous effort be made t o pu t an en d t o s t o he aw im k p w r a e r v d ing adlibsrotruepeeaenceyf, the e d e w e e le may t that wil e l from i not be very long before credit and debit change places in the sum total. The proposal for opening a telegraphic and postal communication between Lake Superior and New Westminster may well be styled an important undertaking, and the scheme will probably be one of the first brought under legislative notice. A line connecting the Northern and Southern neighbours of Canada would, as the Governor observed, affect her prospects both in a military and commercial point of view. When that vast continent from north to south is joined in one m i g hty chain, whose links stretch unbroken through English territories, the commerce of the mother country will be worthily represented by her descen dants. The colonists, like ourselves, are expressing their thankfulness for that national blessing, an abundant harvest, and the good it brings in its train. ,Let us hope that their course of in ternal progress and development may proceed unchecked by the horrors of war, though the old Canadian spirit would not shrink from sustaining them if necessary. We would, moreover, caution our friends of the Northern States that in case of hostilities between them and Canada, we may turn our modern education to some account, a n d show them that we have improved in geography since the days of Lord ASHBURTON, by rectifying the trifling error which gave them Portland and Maine. The arbiters appointed to settle the points at issue between the Government and Senhor Sala manca have decided in favour of the former. The remains of the late Infante Don John have been privately removed by night, to the Mausoleum of San Vincente. It is said the Portuguese Government are ahoy to negotiate another large loan in a foreign market The vine disease has already committed Brea' ravages. It is said the Portuguese Government are about to negotiate another large loan in a foreign market. The general assembly of the Bank of Portugal have approved of the report of the committee charged to give their advice on the proposition of Messrs. Stern of London inviting the Bank to asso ciate itself in the creation of a Credit Foncier in Lisbon. Trad© continues dull. Rentes, 49i; Coupons 49k. Exchange on London, 531 at 90 days' date. FRANCE. A MEDAL FOR MEXICO. PARIS, AUG. 31. A decree has been issued for striking a medal commemorative of the Mexican expedition, to be distributed to all Ivho have taken part in the cam paign. BOURSE, Aug. 29.—The market has lost none of the buoyancy W hi c h i t acqu i re d before the clo se o f business yesterd ay, and prices are again rather higher, Threes, for the Account, being now at 67f. 90e * R ailway Share Market firm, without any material variations. The market continued firm to the end, and closed as follows : It per Cent 5....... 97 —lltalian Loan 73 20 Do. end month.... ' Do. end month 73 05 3 per Cents ...... 67 90 New ditto Do. end month.... 67 75 Do. end month 73 05 Credit Mobilier....llls Russian Do. end m0nth....1111 25 Austrian Bank Shares ...... 3390 Spanish Threes.., Credit oncior ....1270 Home Debt .. 47 75 RAIL - Al/8. Cash. Account. 1020 .. 1023 75 990 Orleans Northern New ditto . Lyons and Mediterranean 1028 75 .. 1030 Geneva, 492 50 .. 493 75 Southern Western ...... , . 530 .. 527 50 Eastern ... • Sardinian ............ , 416 2.5 .. 415 Austrian ,. 425 .. 42.5 Lon. bard ard ,. 560 .. 557 50 North of Spain .. 550 .. 550 Saragossa .. .. 680 .. 678 75 Ditto to Barcelona .... 360 .. 360 The Brazil and River Plate Mails. SouTcAmr-roN, Monday Morning. _ ... The Royal Mail Cmnpany's screw steamer l i s i i u h e a n s o a s A r i v y re red, s , with y m 3 a o i I a ; T d A at . e l s l Oneida, Captain ol‘flotnhteevfiodleloo,w3inlg; Rio de Janeiro, Aug. 8; Bahia, 11; Pernambuco, 13 ; St. 'Vincent (Cape Yards), 20 ; Lisbon, 27. Among the Passengers are Mr. Hopkins, Consul- General of the Argentine Republic to the United the Hon. W. G. Com m Brodie, of the British g The Oneida bri n g s i n all 7 8 passengers, £43,492 States, e aliaisLegation Elliot from ro at m Rio Buenosantt Janeiro. iNlr. A l 5 y ,1 . 1 leisi i: in specie, 10 packages of diamonds, 614 rolls of to bacco, 170 barrels of tapioca, 8 cases of plants, and 138 packages of sundrie s. She spoke H e r Majesty's ship E s k on l eav i ng Ri o ; the English h inst., , standing to the north, on the lat. 11.42 N ., l ong. 27 W .; t h e English ship E lizabeth Fry, standing to the south east, on 19th, let. 15.16 ilanstdeaabemrerast Ols ship Tudor N., long. 25.50 W.; the Parana, on 20th, bound for St. vieen mail porto the French Bra outward n zilian mail steamer, standin— g to the southward. Her Majesty's ships Curlew and Spider were at Buenos Ayres ; the Alecto gone to the Falkland Islands ; the Forte, Triton, Dotterel, and Sheldrake at Buenos Ayres; the Satellite at Bahia; and the Stromboli at Pernambuco. THE PRIVATEER FLORIDA AT BREST.---The in telligence recently published that the Confederate steam corvette Florida. had arrived at Brost is confirmed. She has a crew of 128 men, and had on board when she reached Brest 24 other persons, 23 of whom composed the crew of the Federal vessel the Anglo-Saxon, which the Florida captured and burnt not far from the English coast. Those men were landed at Brest and left to themselves in the public street. The American Consul, on being informed of the fact, took measures to secure them boarding and lodging until their future fate is decided on. The other man is the English pilot, who was on board the captured vessel. The Florida, which has received free pratique, has met with some damage to her engine and is short of coal. BUENOS AYRES, July 30. The political situation of the Argentine Republic has ac become and e Generaller Penoloza is said to have passed very steady. steady. The provinces continue ifi ove r to Chili. The di s p ute w i th t h e G overnment o f the Banda Oriental is settled. Business dull; the principal export and import art i c l e s are neglected. p E x change 011 London, 665. 6d.; Paris, 83if. ; doabloons have declined considerably, and closed at 440 dols. on the 27th July, and at 434 dots. on the 30th ideal. MONTE VIDEO, July 31. Tho civil war continues, but is carried on very slowly on account of the winter season. General Flores is reported to be at Tacnarembo, a small place on the Brazilian frontier. The Monte Videan Government report that a division of their troops bad been defeated by General Flores, nevertheless it is generally believed that he will have to leave the country. Business extremely dull, and the market over stocked with most import articles. Esohange on London. 51,d.; Paris, 82f. Rio DE JANEIRO, Aug. 7. Business in general very dull. In coffee no dis position to operate after the Oneida's news, at the high rates of 7,500 to 7,900 for superiors; 7,200 to 7,400 good packets; 7,000 to 7,250 Channel lots. Stocks 45,000 bag s . Exchunge on London, 26i to 27 per dol., 90 days' sight. PRIZE FIGIITS.—The great fight between Mace and Goss, to which the attention of sporting men has for some time past been directed, will come off to-morrow, but the locality is, of course, a secret except to a few. Heenan, "the Benicia Boy," whose fight with Tom Sayers created so much excitement some time ago, is to fight King, who won the last battle for the championship in his contest with Mace. The day fixed is the Bth of December, the distance to be within 100 miles of Loudon. Both men arc over six feet in height. TILE NEW GOTERNMECT OFFICES, DOWNING STREEL—In giving the list of tenders for the new Foreign-office, some explanation of the present condition of the extensive works is necessary. Up to the present time, the contract for the foundations and concrete of the Foreign office has alone been completed. The cost of this portion of the work has been £ [6,117. The present tender, accepted, embraces the whole of the superstructure of the Foreign office, and amounts to a little over £195,000. The works of the India-office on the western portion of the ground, or next the park, are advancing with considerable rapidity. The expiration, in 1866, of the leaso held by the Govern ment of the temporary India-offiee in Victoria-street has rendered it necessary to proceed with the now works with all possible vigour. The contract, therefore, has been let in sections to Messrs. Smith and Taylor, in order to avoid the delay that would otherwise occur while the quantities were being prepared.—Builder. 'l'ho elections for voters to appoint the deputies to the Assembly new • •`-•Eiembly were to commence on the 9tb. PERSAMBUCO, Aug. 13. The elections were going off quietly. The entries of produce from the country con tinued to arri ve s l ow ly. Sugars quoted 3 dole. to 3,800 dole. per arroba, for whites, for second to fourth quality. Exchange on London, 27d. to 271 d. per dol., 90 days'sight, at which rates about £OO,OOO sterling had been passed for the Oneida: __ . _ BAHIA, Aug. There had b een little movement in the export market. Stocks of sugar small —whites had sold from 2 dole. to 2.400 dols. Choral Societies are greatly on the increase in Russia, Ezchange on London, 26id, per dol., 90 dayb' sight. THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY E'VENING, AUGUST 31, 1863. A. the proclamation of the Queen by building and manning said steamer, and then allowing her to continue her depredations. And they ask, through the Government of the United States, that a proper representation may be made to them by the said Government of Great Britain, or that the Govern ment of the United States may assume the same as one of the Governmental obligations to protect the rights of their citizens thus wantonly violated." A letter from General Rosecrans' head-quarters at Bridgeport, Alatama, dated the 2d inst., says— " The enemy hold the Tennessee river from Har rison to Bridgeport. Harrison is their right, Chat tanooga the centre—the fortified citadel—and Bridgeport is the left. The whole line covers the important positions of Cleveland and other points on the railroad from Knoxsville to Atalanta. Bragg knows that if we move on Chattanooga our line must accommodate itself to his. If we do not he stands ready to accommodate himself to ours. At any rate there is no fear that we are going to com mit the fault of leaving him on our flank again. The sanguine expectations of loyal men are rather dampened by the two difficulties which one on the spot cannot but see. One does not like to look them squarely in the face. Yet they are so ap parent that they cannot be avoided. I refer, first, to the great difficulty of provisioning the army and fill ing its depots—a difficulty increaseclby the increased distance from our base, and the said want of rail road rolling stock. The impedinzenta of our army are generally considered to be the large amount of transportation, which retards advances and obstructs retreats. But in the present instance the chief impediment to an advance is the want of it. It is an impediment which is going to rob us of what is now of most value to us ; for it is both safety and success. I mean time. If we had trans portation in plenty I think General Rosecrans would take old Father Time by the forelock with such vigour and energy as would astonish the rebels out of Chattanooga in 20 days. And yet one sees on the track here a vast number of cars. I noticed a train a few days ago with cars in it from nearly every road the stock of which is quoted in the commercial columns. War is a great amalgamizer of races and railroad cars. In a train which came up to-day, drawn by a captured locomotive from the Memphis and Charleston road, and now called Governor Johnson, I saw cars from the Michigan Southern, Mobile and Ohio, Little Miami and Co lumbus and Xenia, Memphis and Charleston, Cin cinnati, Columbus, and Cleveland, Jackson and Vicksburg, and Georgia Central roads, and a large number marked ' Jerry Nottingham's freight line, via Crestline.' " LIVERPOOL, Aug. 29. The Royal mail steamship Arabia has arrived with the Ne iv York mails of the 18th, Boston of the 19th, and Halifax of the 21st. Gen. Canby had issued the following circular in reference to the duties of his troops during the en forcement of the draught in New York : "Their duties are limited to the defence of forts and the protection of public property and officers of the general Government in the performance of their legal duties. The duty of maintaining order and protecting the property and rights of private indi viduals devolves upon the municipal and State authorities, but the troops of the United States will be held in readiness to render any assistance that may be called for by the proper authority or be rendered necessary by the inability of the civil authorities to accomplish these ends. If the officers of the general Government and any county of the State and municipal Government are assailed by lawless violence, it will be the duty of the troops to protect them. If they are charged with the protec tion of public property, public buildings, or other valuable interests, it will be their duty to defend them to the last extremity. If called upon by the civil authorities to aid in the maintenance of order or the enforcement of the laws, the aid will be ren dered promptly, cheerfully, and efficiently. The troops that have been brought to the city, and who may be called upon to aid in the maintenance of order and the enforcement of the laws, must themselves set the example of orderly and soldierly conduct, and the attention of all officers and men is specially directed to this point, The movement of troops to distant parts of the city, or to points in its neighbourhood, will be made as far as practicable by water, and for this the quar• termaster's department will keep a sufficient num ber of steamers in constant readiness to move to any point. The steamers, if not armed, will be con veyed by armed steamers. Al! the militia in this city and Brooklyn are under arms, and will be until the draught is completed." Governor Seymour, in his address, says :-- "I hereby admonish all judicial and executive officers whose duty it is to enforce law and preserve public order, that they take vigorous and effective measures to put down any riotous or unlawful assem blages, and if they find their power insufficient for that purpose, to call on the military in the manner pointed out by the statutes of the State. If these means should prove insufficient, I shall then exert the full power of the State in order that public order may be preserved, and the persons and pro perty of citizens be fully protected." The Washington correspondent of the .New York Herald says that the following conversation had oc curred between General Butler and Mr. Stanton : " General Butler dropped in at the War Depart ment a few days after his return, and while there the following authentic conversation transpired— " General Butler—' I have called, Mr. Stanton, to know why I was removed from the Department of the Gulf.' " Secretary Stanton---' I assure you, General, that it was from no lack of confidence in your patriotism, capacity, or integrity. " General Butler-- e ' I did not ask you, Mr. Secre tary, why I was not removed, but why I was.' " Secretary Stanton—' You are a lawyer, General, and so am I, and you are aware that it is not always polite to tell all we know.' " General Butler—' Well, what are you going to do with me now ?' " Secretary Stanton—' How would you like to take the Army of the Potomac ? ' " General Butler—' Did you ever know a mer chant, Mr. Secretary, to invest largely in an old stock of goods ?' " This was the responsive and suggestive poser to the Secretary. Whereupon Gen. Butler made his exit from the War Department, confident of being even with the Pennsylvania pleader. A despatch from New York of the 18th says, that the British Government has mane an appeal to the Supreme Court in the case of the Peterhoff. ",In the interim the Secretary of the Navy has directed that application be made for an order for the sale of the ship's cargo and tackle to the United States. The vessel will be a valuable addition to the navy." The Army of the Potomac remained inactive. A correspondent writing from Gen. Meade's head quarters on the 10th inst. describes briefly the manner in which the soldiers passed their time : " Were it not for the great scarcity of water the troops would fare very well. They are all fatigued after their long marches, and in want of rest. Even were they not tired they could not do much in the way of marching or fighting while this fearfully hot spell' continues. Every morning about half-past five o'clock the fierce red sun rises over the woods, and pours down his scorching rays on man and beast. As he follows his course to the West the heat is intensified, and by noon it is intolerable. The men, with the exception of those on guard, seek the grateful shade of the woods. Some may be found a mile from camp, picking blackberries, others visiting the few miserable farmhouses in the vicinity in search of good water or fresh milk—for the latter they always pay—and others may be seen slumbering off the sultry hours under their little shelter tents. We have not even the poor re lief of passing clouds to break the force of the shooting fire, but must bear it all until the sun goes down behind the woods off in the West. The even ings are cool, and we can pass the night in comfort. Mosquitoes have not yet made their appearance here, and while we remain on high ground we are not likely to be much troubled with them." A letter dated Baltimore of the 13th inst. says : " Your despatches from the head-quarters of the army of the Potomac contain ac counts of the arrival at Gordonsville of reinforcements for General Leo's army from the South. My information, never at fault hitherto, places the number of these reinforce. ments at 30,000, which makes General Lee's pre sent strength 125,000 troops. General Lee is be• sides receiving some conscripts, which will soon swell his numbers to 150,000. The main body of this vast army is massed on the line of the Rapidan, with General Lee's headquarters at Gordonsville, but the new cavalry squadrons are being drilled and exercised in the Shenandoah valley. It would seem also that General Leo is organising some new batteries of artillery, for artillery drills with target practice tako place daily, at the same points where these ne w cavalry equadrons are exercised. The guns are brass pieces, and if not new, are so bright that they look new. There are twelve of these bat teries at one point of the Shenandoah valley. Gene ral Meade conceives, and with reason, that the administration is putting him and keeping him in a false position, and one in which he can reap no laurels. He wishes to take Richmond, and believes he can do so. But he wishes to make the campaign by the proper route, and to be furnished with ade quate means of doing so—namely, 200,000 troops by the peninsula route. To march his 150,000 troops across the Rappahannock he believes will be march ing them by too long a route for rapid operations." Messrs. Upton, of Boston, owners of the ship Nora, destroyed by the Alabama, had sent a me morial to Mr. Seward, protesting against the de struction of their property. The chief points in their memorial are the following :—" The Nora, a legally registered American ship, was chartered at Liverpool by Mr. W. N. De Mattes to carry a cargo from that port to Calcutta. While on the voyage she was boarded and tak e n p o s s ession of by a vessel calling herself the Confederate States men-of-war Alabama, by whose captain a part of the stores were re moved and the ship set on fire. The owners pro test against this destruction of their ship, and de mand reparation from the British Government in the sum of 80,000 dollars. They base their claim cn the fact that the Alabama is an English vessel, havie g sailed under the British flag, and never having entered a Confederate port ; that the British Govern. meat has never interfered with her unlawful acts, and on the additional fact that at the time of the capture of the Nora she was principally manned by British subjects. In view of these m atters and of others which may be made to appear, the memorialists have entered their solemn prot est against the Bri tish Government and people, as willing parties negligently culpable in the destruction of their pro perty upon the high seas, and thus, in first violating, THE FLORIDA. The following letter from Captain Cavally, com mander of the bhip Anglo-Saxon, to Captain A. H, Caldwell, of Liverpool, was posted at the Liverpoo; Exchange News-room on Friday, and created Call. siderable interest : "Brest, August 25, 1863. Dear Sir,—l regret to inform you that my ship, the Anglo-Saxon, was captured by the Confederate steamer Florida, and burnt by her, the Old Head of Kinsale bearing N.N.W. I think about 30 miles. My Channel pilot was on board. She was captured on Friday the 21st August, at five a.m., the Anglo-Saxon being becalmed at the time. All my nautical instruments, books, charts, Sz.c. were taken. The Anglo-Saxon sailed from the Eh kenhcad Docks on the 17th instant, for New York with a cargo of coals. She was a ship of 868 tons burthen, had a crew of 24 men, and was despatched by Duncan and Kendal. At the time of her capture she had been eight days out at sea." The Liverpool Mercury gives the following letter as having come from aperson on board the Florida— " Brest, Aug. 24, 1863, on board the C.S.S. Florida. " Gentlemen,—We arrived here yesterday from a cruise. having touched at Queenstown on the 17th, and landed Mr. Everett, first lieutenant, Mr. Garretson, surgeon, and Mr. Hunter, midshipman, we then cruised about, and off Tuskar Rock Light we went out Channel and outside. In chasing four or five vessels on the 22d we succeeded in capturing the American Federal ship Anglo-Saxon, Capt. Cavally, from Liverpool for New York. We stripped her of what was necessary, set fire to her, stood off 1,000 to 1,200 yards, and fired three broadsides into her, as much for practice as for the sinking of her speedily. There were two or three vessels in sight at the time. We brought her crew to this port." The Dreadful Wreck of the British Ship Frankfort, On Saturday the following particulars were re ceived in the City relative to the wreck of the Bri tish barque Frankfort, and the loss of all on board except one, who has furnished a most thrilling narrative of his marvellous escape. The ship left Cardiff on the 29th day of October, with coals for Shanghae, and was totally lost on the 19th of February, near Kalatoa (S.E. from Salayer). The survivor, named Silver, the boatswain, in his declaration before the magistrates at Macassar, states that on the evening of the 19th of February the ship was proceeding with a stiff breeze, when she struck on the coral reef Lacebuena, and in a few minutes sunk. The crew consisted of twenty-three; and, besides the cargo of coal, she was thought to have had about £50,000 in gold and specie on board. He cannot state posi tively what became of the crew, but he thinks they must all have been drowned. He heard a cry, "The ship is sinking," and ho saw that they were letting down the boats, but at that moment he became insensible. When he recovered himself he found that he was floating, and saw nothing more of his companions. He succeeded in getting a piece of wreck, and with two pieces of wood and his hand kerchief he made sail, with which he tried to reach the land, then in sight. After floating about for four days and five nights without food or water, on the morning of the fifth day he found himself close to an island. He shouted for help, and some natives came off in a sampan. In the meantime he was put in bodily terror by the appearance of a shark. It came close up to him, but he struck it in the back with his knife, when it dived, and he was got on shore in a fainting state. He remained for a month ill with fever, and learned that he was on the Island of Kalatoa, and had been saved by Nissang fishers. He was then sent on to the Island of Salayer and forwarded to Macassar. The Frankfort be longed to Liverpool. AN INTERESTING QUESTION. It may possibly become a question at no distant period what may be the title borne by the Prince of Wales's eldest son, and curiously enough there are not many precedents to serve as a guide. A correspondent writes ;—" The eldest sons of peers bear by courtesy the second title of their fathers, but there is no precedent for the eldest son of the Prince of Wales being designated either Duke of Cornwall or Earl of Chester, probably from the peculiar feudal nature of those peerages. Pre vious to the accession of the House of Hanover, only one Prince of Wales, the Black Prince Edward, had a son born during his own father's lifetime. On the death of that prince the Commons requested that his only surviving son, who was then in his tenth year, might be received with the honour due to the presumptive heir to the Crown. This request was greeted, and the Commons preferred another peti tion that he might be declared Prince of Wales, but the Lords object that " the grant of such honours belonged not to the prelates or barons, either in or out of Parliament,but exclusively to the Sovereign ;'' and the Royal youth remained plain Lord Bichard of Bordeaux until he ascended the throne as King Richard 11. On the accession of King George 1., his eldest eon, afterwards George H., was created Prince of Wales, and three years afterwards his eldest son Prince Frederick Lewis, was created Duke of Gloucester, and, in 1726, among other inferior titles, Duke of Edinburgh. On the accession of George 11., Prince Frederick was erected Prince of Wales, and his eldest son, afterwards King George bore the title of the Duke of Edinburgh t ill created Prince of Woks and Earl of Chester on his father's death in 1750. This would seem a prece dent for the eldest son of the present Prince of Wales being designated Earl of Dublin, which the Prince himself was created by patent in 1849. In the peerage of Scotland the eldest son of the King is always Duke of Bothsay and Earl of Carrick, but there is no precedent for the eldest son of the Prince of Wales being known by either of those titles."—Guardian. I~ ` ~ ~i.•'~ ~~~~. HER MAJESTY. The Queen in Germany. ROSENAU, COBURG, August 27. The Crown Prince and Princess of Prussia took leave of her Majesty on Tuesday evening, and left Coburg for Potsdam. Prince Alfred accompanied the prince and prin cess. Yesterday was the anniversary of the beloved Prince Consort's birthday. Her Majesty planted a tree in remembrance in front of the Schloss in which the revered prince was born. The Duchess of Coburg came early to see the Queen. Prince and Princess Louis of Hesse arrived yes terday on a visit to the Duchess of Coburg, and immediately visited her. Majesty at the Rosenau, and remained there till the evening. On Wednesday, the anniversary of tho birthday of the Prince, Consort, the prizes, founded by his Royal Highness for the assistance of artisans and for the dowry of respectable young women, were distributed at Coburg in the usual manner. Her Majesty the Queen will leave Rosenau on her return to England on Monday, the 7th of September. It is expected her Majesty, on her homeward journey, will spend one day with the King of the Belgians, and arrive at Windsor Castle on Thursday, the 10th, where the Prin cess Louisa and Prince Arthur will meet her Majesty. The Queen will stop one night only at the Castle, and then leave for Scotland.—Court Journal, _ . The Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Prussia and Prince Alfred took leave of her Majesty at Rosenau on Tuesday last, and - shortly afterwards left Coburg by spe cial train for Eisenach, on their way to Potsdam. Their Royal Highnesses, accompanied by the Prince of Leiningen, arrived at the latter place on Wednesday morning. Prince and Princess Louis of Hesse are expected to arrive at Pots dam on a visit in about a week. The weather has been generally wet and un favourable since her Majesty's arrival at Rosenau, which has prevented the Queen and Royal family from taking daily open-air exercise. The Emperor of Austria has presented 1,000 florins towards the fund for the restoration of Goethe's House, in Frankfort, so called from having been the resi dence of the great poet. The Emperor of Austria has paid a visit to Rumpenheim, the chateau near Frankfort, where the Duke of Cambridge, the Duchess of Cambridge, and the Princess Mary are at present sojourning, as well as the family of the Princes of Hesse. The Emperor of Austria is going to have an armed frigate built, to celebrate the Frankfort meeting of the crowned heals. The King of Portugal has ordered a census of the population—a process never before realised in that kingdom. _ _ _ Trances Anne, Marchioness of Londonderry, was prevented receiving compeny at Wynyard last week, we ar© grieved to observe, owing to a severe indisposition, an in disposition which has now, however, happily abated. The Duke of Newcastle arrived in town on Saturday from Clumber-park, Notts. The Earl Grosvenor, who came to town last week from Calverley Park, Cheshire, left town on Saturday, to pass a few weeks at Homburg. Lady Constance Grosvenor is for the present staying with the Duchess (Dowager) of Sutherland, at Stafford House, St. James's. Viscount Palmerston arrived in town on Saturday evening from Walmer Castle, Kent. Lord and Lady Harriet Ashley arrived in town on Saturday from Walmer Castle, where they have been visiting Viscoant and Viscountess Palmerston. The Right Hon. William F. Cowper, M,P., and Mrs. Cowper came to town on Saturday from visiting Vis• count and Viscountess Palmerston at 'Weimer Castle. The Duke of Hamilton is, we understand, about to enter Christ Church, Oxford, to complete his education. The Duchess of Argyll has arrived at Stafford House, St. James's, on a visit to the Duchess (Dowager) of Sutherland, from Inverary Castle, Aroleshire, whero the duke and family aro staying. The Earl Cowper and his brother, the Hon. Henry Cowper, havo had excellent sport at his lordship's shooting quarters in Inverness-shire. Several fine stags fell during their first days' shooting. The Right Hon. Sir George Grey has arrived at his seat, Fallodon, Northumberland, from Scotland. "Faust" is shortly to be given in Dablin, with Mr, Sims Reeves in the part of the hero. THE SHAKSPERE COMMITTEE—NEW ADDITIONS ! —During the current week ,Mr. Justice Haliburton, Sir J. Paxton, M.P., Mr. Wm. Scholefield, M,P., Mr. J. - G. Greenwood (Principal of Owens College, Manchester), and Prof. Sterndale Bennett have joined the National Shakspere Committee. The Colonelcy of the Coldstream Guards is not yet filled, nor, owing to her Majesty's absence from Eng land, is any appointment likely to be made for another week or two. Rumour naturally associates the names of Sir John Guise and Sir Wm. Gomm, as being the two oldest Guards' Generals, with the appointment. Both have good claims. Sir John is the senior General of the Army, but it is possi ble that the more recent active services of Sir Wm. Gomm may decide the point in his favour.—Ariny and Navy Gazette. GIVE A COLONY A BAD NAME—AND RECHRISTEN IT I—The Australian papers mention a strong desire cn the part of the inhabitants of New South Wales to alter that name to Nova Cambria, Britannia Nova, Alfredia, Alex andria, or, in fact, to any name which will get rid of the recollection of Botany Bay, the name given to the locality by Capt. Cook, but which has become also associated with no very pleasant recollections. CURIOSITIES OF FASHION.—It is a question, I think, whether the fashion influences the age, or the age moulds and shapes the fashion, but it is obvious that there exists a subtle relationship between them. A high bred courtesy, a certain elevation of manner, a loftiness of language, and even a refinement of thought, seem natu rally to associate themselves with the rich and stately cos tume of the men of the sixteenth century. Look at the Cavaliers in the glorious pictures of Vandyck; who can believe that from the lips of such be-ruffled and be-plumed gentlemen ever dropped any coarse ribaldry or vulgar slang? Those grave and potent seignors who glow on the splendid canvas of Titan—can you believe them capable of the deeds in which delighted the buckskin breeches and cocked hats of our Maccaronis and Mo hawks in the days of the second George ? When I look upon the sweet and noble women of Vandyck, and com pare them with the bare-bosomed beauties of Lely, I trace in the distinction of costume and fashion the difference of morals and taste, and the wide gulf between the pure house hold life of the reign of Charles I. and the social abandon ment of that of Charles 11. Morals and manners keep pace with the changes of costume, and are indicated by them. It is quite in accordance with the philosophy of fashion that the society which countenances "pretty horse-breakers," and disguises things vicious with pleasant periphrases of language, should distinguish itself by patronizing huge crinolinod monstrosities contrived to expose, and yet en cumber, the female figure. It may be that there was as much vice in the times of old, but it was a more deem:out; vice; and the Doll Tearsheet of Falstaff and hiscompamone did not "set the fashion" to the wives of Percy and Morti mer.--From " _London Society" for September. IRISII FISHERIES.—Tne Commissioners of Fish eries report to the Lord Lieutenant that the salmon fishing of 1862 was more productive than for the last two or three years—and improvement which they trust is consequent on the increased vigilance of the boards of conservators and their officers, with the aid of the constabulary, in preserving the spawning fish during the winter, an d not mere l y the result of an increase. se the means of capt ure . But those means have considerably increased, and practices have been adopted wh ich it is believed are wholly contrary to the spirt of the Act of 1842, with reference to the use of fixed eng i nes . Many of the riv ers cont i nue to b e ' c rowded with sta ke weirs, which in some cases may b e i n j ur i o u s to nevi. , ga tion, requiring the attention of the Lords of the Admiralty as conservators of the tidal navigations of the kingdom. The commissioners have very materially shortened the sea son for fishing the Limerick district, the waters of which run through 15 counties, and the result has been the pre servation of an unusually abundant stock of breeding fish in the spawning beds during the past winter. The boards of conservators in Ireland received £5,417 for licence duties in 186,.. The commissioners have granted licences to 26 per sons to plant artificial oyster beds to the extent of above 0,000 acres in all, but it does not appear that any oyster spot or brood has been resorted to for stocking the beds. They regret to say, in regard to sea fisheries, that with the exception of the east coast, where the take of herrings hats been unusually productive, there does not appear to be any signs of improvement in Ireland ; in many places the fish ing population appear to be dying out, and boats are to be seen lying idle on the peach. It is difficult to account for this falling off, as where capital and individual en t er prise has been judiciously invest ed iu the deep sea fisheries it has been found that abundance of fish may be obtained round the shores of Ireland. It is a coast, however, sub ject to severe storms and rough seas, and a bett e r class o . f boats than is usually employed is required to follow rho ; avocation prefitably. It is satisfactory to learn that t he jealousy which existed between the different classos of fishermen with respect to the different modes of fishing; an d there is an impressi o n that the mode of is subsiding. The p re j udices a g ainst tress lin g are a p parently fishingdimin is riot so injurious as it was first thought to be. J ln D Nv