The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-27 00:00:00

3sible ce of d his laints mur et he ricers d ex- ling e ! him h the said, ;es of d as a s the )p, end s to 30s s to 30s s to 27 0 s to 43s s to —0 active. g well. t Eng nit the )ffered. Lan last Oats law at wheat, 'or new' ns also .... s to 406 to 33 5 i to 246 I to --0 ..d .13 3 .1 9 .15 7 9 .16 9 .16 9 .16 9 ~17 6 ~16 3 ?pt. 1 8 ' pt 1 2 ' Dpt. 3 ig. 29. )pt. 17„, ug. [l g. 26. got. 1 ug. 27. ug. 25. pt. 4. pt. 3. lig. 25. ug. 27. ug. pt. 2 p2S r : t. 11.74 27. Z. 2 8, ug. 28. us, 1..0 These ckness, raining y atom ition to dent, or nations onsider oway's h nae: he lady Wales) ?eta's , ed list, lurch , of the ,:veloPe 8,.14,, Imes% Beriloy Siltzerf :, TabS e, near liovia t/ G' ;tedalif set, g. 0 ouru e ' tEW S 11 :!, antY A i ---...„_, ---- ': EMEMBER, AVE SUP AT EVANS' FVF,RY EVENING THIS WEEK after Alfred Mellon's Promenade Concerts'. ••• E DINBURGH (Roduced Fares), from Iron gate wharf, Tower.—Saloon, 20s; fore cabin, 15s; deck (soldiers and sailors only),7s M ; return tickets (available for a month), 30s and 22s ed. The cheanest and quickest sea route by the splendid new STEAMSHIPS of the LONDON and EDINBITRGII SHIPPING COMPANY, sailing every Wednesday and Saturday, at 10 morning. Apply at the Spread Eagle, Regent-circus; or at Irongate-wharf. NORTH BRITISH ANT) MERCANTILE INSURANCE COMPANY. Established 1809. Incorporated by Royal Charter and Special Acts of I'arliament. Accumulated and Invested Funds 422,401 Annual Revenue.... FIRE DEPARTMENT. In suran - es nTante both at Home and in Foreign Countries on the most liberal terms. LIFE DEPARTMENT. Every facility offered to Insurers. Ninety per Cent. of the Profits divided among the Insurers on the particip,ting principle. The new Life business transacted in 1862 as follows : Policies. Ameunt In.nred. Premiums. 1,037 £763,334 £23.641 0 0 Forms of Proposal and every information will be furnished on application at the LONDON OFFICES : 58, Threadneedle -street. 21 West-end Office B, Waterloo -place, Pall-mall, T HE ROYAL INSURANCE COMPANY, HEAD OFFICES, 29, Lombard-street, London, and Royal Insurance buildings. Liverpool Total Annual Revenue exceeds £100,0 , n. Accumulated Funds in hand over 1 OOO,OOO. Chairman in Liverpool : CHARLES TURNER, Esq., M.P. Chairman in London WILLIAM WAINWRIGHT, Esq. ExTßAcrs FROM THE REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1862. The Directors of the Royal Insurance Company are now called upon to make their accustomed periodical Report at the Meeting of its Shareholders. FIRE BRANCH. The Directors have, as pleasingly as unexpectedly, at the close 01 the year, to announce, for the first time, that the Fire Premiums have not only reached, but exceed £.300,000. The high comparative position held by the Royal in the Government Returns of Duty is again fully maintained. The profit of the business of the year exceeds considerably , the amount realised in the preceding year, and in fact sur passes that of any year, with but two exceptions, sinee the commencement of thin Office, the balance to the credit ou account of British and Foretell insurances being- £45,107 10s. 5d., and of the North American business, whichis kept sepa• rately, £11,097 16s. 10d. LIFE BRANCH. The very gratifying duty now falls upon the Directors to state the sum assured on new policies for fhe year 1i62 exceeds even that of the yesr 1861 by £lBO,OOO, and has arrived at the almost unexampled amount for a sinexle year of £701,427 on 1,498 new policies issued. Until within the last few years it is believed that such a sum assured as that which has just been announced as the result of one year's business was all but unheard of. This portion of the Company's business has been carefully watched, and cannot fail to give much satisfaction to the shareholder, as well as no small encouragement for the futPre to the participating life assurer. Evidence of continued care in the selection of lives is amply afforded by a statement of the number rejected. These have amounted to 311 for the year, on which the aggregate sum proposed for assuran^e mount to £ 43,28!. Various degrees of ineligibility have led to these lives being declined. No small number of the Assurance ( ompanies of the day record their accepted lives annually at a sum not much, if at all, exceeding those which the Royal has declared as in admis chile in a single year from deterioration of some kind or another. If, to complete thrir review, the Directors now advert briefly to the United Kingdom, they have to announce that in Fire Business ii s progress has been undoubtedly more ra•.id than that of any other Company established either in London or elsewhere, except when amalgamations have taken place. The returns 01 duty have proved this. In Life, the amount of New Policies already reported make all other evidence needless. The Directors conclude their present Report with the expression of an opinion that the prospects of the Royal Insuranca Company were never brighter, and of a consequent hope, to aided on a grateful remembrance of the past, that the future may unfold for it a sphere of still greater magni tude, combiniag distinguished commercial success to the Office with a leDgthened career of usefulness and protection to the public. PERCY M. DOVE, Manager and Actuary. JOHN B. JOHNSTON, Secretary in London. N ORWICH UNION FIRE INSURANCE SOCIETY. The business of the Company exceeds £70,000,000. The duty paid to Government for the year 1862 was £85,662, and the amount insured on farming stock, £10,086,332. A bonus of three-fifths of the profits periodically made to parties insuring, who have thus. from time to time. received sums amounting in the am Tgate to £110,000; and the Society now holds a large Reserve applicable to a future Bonus. The rates of premium are In no case higher than those charged by the other principal offices making no returns to their insurers. For pro zpectnses apply at the Society's Offices, Surrey street, Norwich ; and 6, Crescent, New Bridge-street, Black friars, E.C. DROVIDENT CLER: Associ, KS' MUTUAL LIFE ATION. Established 1840. TRUSTEES. Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P. Wm. Geo. Prescott, Esq. Thomson Hankey, Esq., 31. P. I Baron L. de Rothschild, M.P. Mutual Lifi. Assurance for all classes. This Association has now in existence 6,000 policies, for a total sum of £1,500,000. Tile Annual Income is .. •• £51,000 he Accumulated Fund exceeds .. 2 0, 1 00 It has paid in Claims • • • • 112,000 The whole of the p ro fit s are divided quinquennially amen the Members. Three divisions have already been made' when the following sums have been added as bonuses to the politics Dec. 31, 1847 .. .• • • .. £ , ,400 „ 1852 .. . • • • • • 11.503 „ 1857 • • • . 23 200 „ 1862 • • . • • • • • 56,500 making the total bonus additions, £06,600. Bonuses may be received in cash or applied to the veluc tion of premiums at the option of the assured, in hell of an addition to the r acy. Attention is especially invited to the system of free orpaid np policies introduced by this Association, by which the sacrifice so often submitted to on the relinquishment of po icy is wholly avoided. The balance -sheets of the Association are open to all, whether assurers or otherwise. Active sented districts and influential agents will b e appo i nted in unrepre . "WM. TFIOS. Chief Office, 15,LEN-FRD, iltoorgate-street, E.C., Aug 1, 1863Seeretaiy.. A.D. 1720. ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE CORPORATION (Established by Charter of his Majesty George the First) FOR SEA, FIRE, LIFE, AND ANNUITIES. Offices, Royal Exchange, London. Branch Office, 20, Pall-mall. OCTAVIITS WIGRAM, Esq., Governor. GEORGE PEARKES TiAnctAy, Esq., Sub-Governor. Sir Jon's HENRY PELLY, Bart., Deputy-Governor. DIRECTORS. Henry Bainbridge, Esq. Wilmot Holland, Esq. Robert Barclay, Esq. Earl of Leven and Melville. I olin Garratt Cattlev, Esq. Chas. J no. Manning, Esq. Mark Currie Close, Rsq. Henry Nelson, Esq. William Davidson, Esq. The Hon. Josceline W. Percy Thomas Dent, Esq. Charles Robinson, Esq. Alexander Druce, Esq. Samuel Leo Schuster, Esq. Fredk. Jos. Edlmann, Esq. Erie Carrington Smith, Esq. Riversdale W. Grenfell, Esq. William Soltau, Esq. Vobt. Amadeus Heath, Esq. Joseph Somes, Esq., M.P. Wm. Tetlow Hibbert, Esq.' William Wallace, Esq. Jas. Stewart Hodgson, Esq. Chas. Baring Young, Esq. Medical Referee, SAMUEL SOLLY, Esq., F.R.S. FIRE and LIFE ASSURANCES may be effected with this Corporation on advantageous terms. In the Life Department, assurances are granted with par ticipation in Profits, or, at lower Premiums, without such participation. The Reversionary Bonus on British Policies has averaged nearly 2 per cent. per annum on the sum assured. Equivalent reductions have been made in the Premiums payable by persons who preferred that form of Bonus. The divisions of Profit take placo every Five years. Life. Any sum not exceeding £15,000 may be insured on one This Corporation affords to the Assured— Liberal participation in Profits—with exemption from the liabilities of partnership. A rate of Bonus equal to the average returns of Mutual Societies—with the guarantee of a large invested Capital Stock. The advantages of modern practice,—with the security of an Office whose resources have been tested by the ex- Porience of nearly a CENTURY AND A TIALF. in T Corporation have always allowed the Assured to serve ngdom u, "'" ed lii „e MMtia, Yeo f re m e of charge, or Volunteer Corps within the , ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON. ROBT. P. STEELE. Secretary. CONTRACT FOR PROVISIONS, Royal Hospital, Chelsea, 14th Aug., 1163 * and OTHERS, COMMISSIONERS_ THE RTGHT HONOURABE tohfethisOßHDosS -I.7erret.A.v if- , ,, r p i hereby from aiNn'OdTtleC May bee witin g\ R O S Co r n Q t n r l act for victualling the in-pensioners with they eache y arep persons r r s e a n d s y a t to 1863 to the 30th regieBaid nospital, from the Ist Octobe treat E ThaThat artie4rotr, 1864, both 4, d e a , y .git s vizi in t.. : c — lu i s a i et v em e. eal, with the followim; Per. Per. Plour .8 --"' - -I 'Sugar, 11111, On o i ns or Leeks, cariotmuet, Cocoa, B ac and Parsley, 0 if tor the whole r diem ration accordina 3 , , at per hea Celery, Thyme, Maijoram, Winter Savory office of the Secreta of lender, between ay specifi ed in the 70t0 the ??tablish ed allowance be s e o b t t t a h i e n h ed ou a s t e t . as o'clock, which Tend "Y sealed, at the Bo ardroo rn er t inust be filled up and delivered,_ parties tendering-, °= by b the party or day the hours of 10 and 3 the said Hospital y behalf, on Tuesday which time their onnt traacp L 0 i d .., p 1 3 :3t ot B eptember, at 12 o'clock, at It is to be observedl,lfa nt thaegCe into consideration. ' nl will be prepared to take the same P to o r m s te wi d l o i n b h e is , o e r o hlr_ required to find Security to the Cro w , t Contract, and that no Tender or the due performan the ' I .'' : ' and hour hbove mentioned. 1 'Pa 11 be received after h day The Commissioners do not lowest Tender. pledge themselves to accept the seAtJ. IMO:RHEA D, RUPTURES. —BY Roy AL the most eff ti cry and Registrar. WHITE'S moc-mAtil l ' i ;"Rs PATENT. hurit t i 1 " -L. Aim , (PERFECTED AND RxßTnii, E ' -.2 , 1t TRUSS EXHIBITIONS OF 1851 AND 1862) - i --. 13 IN T ,9 B allow od ,RE GREAT Two Unwired Medical t4entlemen to h e - "Y 'upwards ol nvention in the curative treatment eo .ve N I A. The use of a steel spring, so often Es here avoided—a soft bandage being. Worn it s mtun d the Moe-Main Pad and Patent Lever, fitting. with P n Vied bY the and closeness that it cannot be detected, and ou lnuon c ame during sleep. A descriptive circular may t , e hul l , be w orn truss, which cannot fail to fit, forwarded by post, on V 4 the ounaference of the body, two inches below the hi p , "be Bent to the manufacturer , . pan g Mr. WHITE, 22E, Piccadilly. - - -- Single TrussTles. 218., 2es. ed., and 31s. ed. P oet A .. - - Double Truss 31s. 'ed., 425., and 52 5. 6 d. Postag e age, , 1 5 Umbilical Truss, 425. and 525. ed. Postage, ls. 10d. d ' oti ee ( '''t - cfnee Orders to be made payable to John White Post. NEW PATENT L ASTIC STOCKINGS, A'tza. 1.( - Afs &e. for 'ari. , :ose Veins cud all eas es o t :torotT a B e 7 ..NtEO and Swelling of the Legs, Sprains, &c. They are Fq alre 'Kul; texfure and inexpensive, and are drawn on ordinary stocking ' . Price 4s. ed., 7s. ed., les., to les. aod 6d. ' l°l ° l ll'll'TE, t rA? FicQadius; 114 n r. 4 arer, R OYAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION (Incorporated by Royal Charter). PATRONESS—Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. PRESIDENT—Vice-Admiral the Duke of Northumberland, li.G., E.R.S. CIIAIRMAY—Thos , Baring, Esq., M.P., F.R.S., v.?. DEPUTY-CHAIRMAN—Thomas Chapman, Esq., F.R.s., V.P. N°. 22,204. NEW NOVEL by the Author of "COUSIN GEOFFREY:, Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., LEFT TO THEMSELVES. By the Author of "Cousin Geoffrey," &e. Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street. Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., E It 0 N I A. This novel exhibits no mean powers of conception and expression."—Morning Post. " lhe style is both lively and picture' que."—Faily News. Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street. FRASER'S MAGAZINE for SEPTEMBER. Price 2s. 6d. CONTENTS. A Plea for the Free Discus- Lawrence Bloomfield in Ire sion of TheologlcalDifficul- land. Part Xl.—Lord and ties. Lady. Late Laurels. A Tale. Chap- Free Translation from Pro ters XI V. and XVI. pertius. By Edmund W. Harvest. ByAstley H. Bald- Head. win. On the Credibility of Old Our Manufacturing Districts Song-History and Tradi under a Cloud. By a Man- tion. cheater Man. "Moriens Cano."—The Pic- The Periouical Press of the ture of the Christian Mar- United States of America. tyr in tne International A Fortnight in Belgium in Exhibition. the June and July of 1863. On the Forest-Hill: with Recreations of a London Re- some Though's touching cluse. iiream-Life. By A.K.H.B. A Chapter on Madagascar. The Prussian Crisis. London: Parker, Son, and Bourn, West Strand, W.C. CRITIQUES on the LEADERS o f the NE WSPA PER PRESS—Reviews of all New Books— English and Foreign Scientifil In formation—itxtracts— Gossip, &n, &c.. in the LITERARY TIMES, every week. Twopence. 8.), Fleet-street. TH E OXFOIt I) , 8 , OXFORD STREET, W. THIS EVENING, will be performed Operatic Selections from Sir Henry R. Bishop's THE SLAVE and Halevy's MUSKETEERS (first time in England). Principal Artistes—Miss Russell, Miss Ellison, Messrs. Green, Bernardi, Huish, &c., with full band and chorus. Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans. Flute Solos by Drew Dean. Sm. Comic, by UNSWORTII ("or any other man"), Eugene, W. Randall, A. Lloyd, and George Hodson. Also, a Pet formance by Herr SCHALKENB etCH on his wonderful instrument, the PIANO ORCHEsTEE, contain ing a full b au d o f 40 instruments. The HALL has just been newly Decorated and Ventilated, and is one of the most Beautiful in the Metropolis. Open at 8 o'clock. Admission, ed. ; stalls and balcony, is. ; private boxes, 10s. 6d. PANTERBURY HALL " GHOST."—In order ‘J to gratify the curiosity of nightly-increasing crowds, Mr. C. MORTON has transferred the representation of Pro ±Pssor Pr pper ,nd Henry Dirks, Esq.'s, world-famed spectral Illusion, " THE GHOST," from the ricture Gallery to the Concert Hall, where a new and elegant stage is erected, affording a more ample view of the Illusion from Stalls, Bal cony, and bxly of the Hall. lie has also arranged for Mr. A. Silvester to give (with all that gentleman's latest im provements and effects), REPRESENTATIONS EACH EVENIG, at Ten o'clock. All the other Musical and Pictorial attractions as usual, including Operatic Selections, &c. ; Utsworth (the modern Demosthenes), Eugene, Arthur Lloyd, George Hodson, &c. OPAL ALHAMBRA PALACE. The M..) FAIRY FOUNTAIN.--A Grand Divertissement by Signora Rachele and Mariannina and Signor Guiseppe Fran ce.co, assisted by a corns of Twenty young Ladies —The Conrads as the Original French Clowns and on the Porde Elastioue—Les Petits Monstres—Brian and Conly in an amusing and novel Burlesque - Mrs. Brian as Old Aunt Sally, &c., &c.—Wood and his Wonderful Son--Grand Operatic Selections :—Principals, Riss M`Greg - or, Mr. Albert, Signor Geor,gmi (the new Italian tenor), and Mr. Vernon Rigby— Band and Chorus of Sixty Performers. IMMENSE SUCCESS of the ALHAMBRA JIL GHOST, a highly comical and amusing representation of the popular optical illusion.—EVEttY EVENING, at Eleven o'clock. MADAME TUSSAUD'S HISTORICAL GAL LERY—Established 27 years at the Bazaar, Baker street.—AMEßlCAN WAR. A Model of GENERAL M'CLELLAN, in military uniform, late Commander-in- Chief of the Federal Army, is now added.—CONTINUA TION of ANCIENT ENGLISH KINGS. Henry V., in the costume of the period. Open from 11 till 10 at night. Ad mittance, Is ; extra rooms, 6d. ESTABLISHED 1833. DOWDEN'S lERATED G INGER BEER , i n _ILO glass or stone bottles, warranted to keep good twelve months. Lemonade. Soda-water, Potass, Seltzer, and every description of Mineral 'Waters.—Manufactory, Hart-street, Drury-lane, W.C. No. 3, White TO ENGINEERS, ARCHITECTS, AND CONTRACTORS IN THE EASTERN, SOUTH-EASTERN, AND SOUTH-WESTERN COUNTIES. GREAVES' BLUE LIAS LIME, 14, SOUTII WTI ARF. PADDINGTON, W., L. M. TATIIAm, Agent. Arrangements are now made by which this well-known BLUE LIAS LIME can be sent direct from the kilns in Warwickshire, in Greaves and Kirshaw's own trucks, to any stations on the above-named lines, as fresh as though burnt upon the spot, fir d at a lower price. YIY. QUANTITY, of either lump or ground can sup plied at a few days' notice, and trucks forwarded daily from the kilns and mill. Contractors will find this worth their notice, as they can be supplied at any time, in quantities to suit their require ments, from SIX any and upwards. THE LAUNDRESSES to her late Niejestv Queen Adelaide say, that " BRIGGS' AUSTRALIAN S VARCLI needs but to be tried to be approved." Sole Wholesale Agent, Harper Twelvetrees, Bromlcy-by:Bow, London, E. OARD PLATES ENGRAVED. Any Pattern 2s. 50 HEST CA R DS, Print, d from Plate REAL MOROCCO CARD CASES 1,000 BITSINE , S ENVELOPES, gummed.. 3s. NEWSPAPER ENVELOPES, 4 d0z....... 6d. P. ARNOLD, Manufacturing Stationer, SO, Fleet-street, E.C. CELEBRATION of the TERCENTENARY of V the BIRTH of SHAKSPE ARE, at Stratford-upon- Avon. Th. Tercentenary Committee (of which Sir Robert N. C. Hamilton. Bart , K.C. 8.. is Chairman) are now receiv ing SUBSCRIPTION , , and they may also be paid to the accoufit of the Ter cen t enar y C omm ittee. at the Stourbridge and Kidder m i ns t er or W arw i c k an d L eam i ng t o n Ranks, Stratford-upon-Avon • Messrs. Greenway, Smith , and Greenway Warwick ne, and C o ' Messrs Hanburys and - Co., or Messrs. Glyn and Co , bankers: London. or their 1 ondon agents, Messrs. Smit h , Pay !tint admriirhierlaa% n_me, the town _. The Tercentenary Committee , in submitting the subscrip tion to the nation, most earnestly appeal to the admirers rest their for their aid and assistance. The Committee claims upon the ground that Stratford is not only the b• of h S e h ak greats pe a') Poet'se. l ,u t w t o h r e k s c , e a n n t d r e that a a t t t i r t a l e v t a i o s n h t i o s he loved, and where he lived and died. ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL. Gray's-inn in the Immediate • • 'tof the Great Northern Rail way Terminus, at King's ic r o s i s . Patr on — The QUEEN. -road, em v y President—The Duke of BUCCLEUCIT, K.G. Treasurer—Edward Masterman, Esq. This was the first hospital to Introduce principle of free the and instant admission to the destitute sick, without the f or mality . of .eovernort!' letters. It is entirely devoted to desti tution in its most pitiable f' It that which is accom panied by sickness and disease, and is now of sufficient magnitude that, . with adequate support, it may be rendered capable of admitting into its wards a very large proportion of the casual sick of this great metropolis. It requires but the funds in order to have 500 beds available for the reception of these the most wretched of our fello w - creatures. 31oreover, it gratuitously affords medical ad vice and medicine to more, on the average, than 3,000 out-patients a week. The Weekly Retard feel it their imperative duty to make an EARNEST APPAL to the ther continued support, to enable them to admit ana l relieve distressing cases that daily present themselves. Contributions are received by the Treasurer, Edward Masierman, Esq., Nicholas-lane; .also by Me ssrs. Coutts and Co. ; Drummond and Co. ; Berries and Co. ; Ransom and Co.; Prescott, Grote. and Co. ; Smith, Payne, and Co. ; Glyn and Jones Loyd and Co. ; Ba rc l ay and Co. ; Denison and W dliams, Deacon, and Co. ; O verend, Gurney, and and Co. ; Co.N isb at the Hoedta l. and Co. ; Messrs. J. Barned and Co., Liverpool STANFORD S. SMITH, Secretary. APPEAL. --- - The Committee of Management have to state that, since he beginning of the year 1860, the Royal .1\ ational Lifeboat Institution has expended £32,000 on various Lifeboat Estab lishments on the Coasts of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The number of lives saved by the Life -boats of the Society, and other means, since its formation, is 12,800; for which services 82 Gold Medals, 718 Silver Medals, and £16,480 in cash have been paid in rewards. The Institu tion has also expended, £67,000 on Life-boats, Lie-boat Transporting-carriages and Boat-houses. The Committee desi re to express their grateful sense e the generous support which they have received from the British public during the past few years, a support which has enabled them to establish their present. magnificent fleet ot - 123 Lifeboats on the shores of the 'United Kingdom Deeply sensible, however, of the great responsibility that reef s on them to maintain their fleet in a thoroughly efficient state, and hs Crews practised in the manirrement of their boats, whi .11 can only be effected by a large and permanent annual income, they earnestly appeal to all classes of their countrymen to aid them in upholding and perpetuating so great and truly national . a work. The Committee gratefully acknowledge the following con tributions : £ s. d Her Majesty the Queen It t n nTi nn u a ai l 10 1 ( i ) 0 0 • • •• .. a nnua l 5 0 C 0 Campbell, the lion. Mrs. G. .. .. .. annual 50 0 Clerk, Colonel, B.A. „ Bank . e . rs . . „.... •• •• 4th don.lo 0 0 ( C , ? u u rr tt ie s , a ls i r d m Co i . 4 ,, ,s 3 q l e , ssrs. , .. Erie Lord C'hief Justice .. • • .• don. 10 10 0 , }'anshawe, Vice-Admiral Sir A., K.C.B. .. 2d d on. 25 0 0 Fenwiek, G. ,T., Esq., cost of a Lifeboat and Tran -1211':1:117.oeu:S sportinQ• Carriage • • • • • • • • • . 250 0 0 'Jamey, Rev. G. G. and Mrs. Martin, Sir Henry, Bart. .. • • • • don. 0 0 • • .. 7th don. 10 0 0 Rev. G. B. .. .. .. .. don. 15 15 0 Smith, Mrs. George, Greenwich • • • • • • 30 0 Stirling,Sir Anthony, 2 0 0 Lad .. • • • • • • • 16 16 0 annual 5 0 0 Ysii,iLbipyaddy,,Ellr'e.eisbtyo,ni-,s.ourp:r-.7are.,.collec.t.edby her . Pnnations and Annual Subscriptions willbe thankfully re- Co., 5 0 and Co., 76, Lombard -:street; Percival and the Bankers of the inntitution, Messrs. 'Willis, • Strand ; NI r Farquhar, and Co., 16, St• jani"R-str e t' e"s. t ilerri"' the Collectors of Customs aunidehßaradukiersehli Londonth u n ii e d b k v i n a g l dprn ; and by the Secretary John-street, Adelnhi, London, W. ' e wis. Esq., at the Oili__ce 01 the Institution, jj., ,'' /' c. , ,, ,,, , ,& . ' „, (.... . 1 . ' - , - ._... .. , ,,A , .... ,,, •• 40 , 00 ~,Ms ' m i: .s .--' l , ' Cire 'c'47.‘ • -, -2 :,.. , -, , •Ip.-.., ---...,\ . 4-- ,‘,.,.' ':','''''',:..• , , ' ' '.. 7, / "'"' ::., •,,,,, : eu ' ' ' ''' - " € i. o ic z, f av ieis cw., ~., -4 › . m r .. - -. , • ,,, ,:: , ,•••- ‘,.. fii . , ~, N ,. 1, - - , ... .. . '''",•ci'i , -' • .y. Afl4l , c.' .sor6 t47-4/91 *l4 it .„. 0: . -- "-k. ', ' '.4,1 7 ' t ,, , --W ''?vt. , ..,:tt , ,, • il-ip t t A' ' i1; 44, 11 tt •-„ 0 1 $ 40 1 ,' ' 'l3Ror• e ' -'-. ' is' .- -4-- ..,,. -- -F. , ~,, ~ -4gtilletk.4. --.. t , ,,,—....A L. Ni, 0 , -. ~ , ....- d 0H • ~ ,- 5 .....,,... .. ' . . 1111.1.1 .4m....,,,, '. .../.. ; , • . ~ ~. '' 'i,, , t‘ • , , • •, •,. 4. c . ,.. '4 * ' R ., ,W •, 4. -,,,,_ .„,..„ D IE r l'!,%r6u. ', v!rlll . - '''4 ' ' " . 1','e,...4...-j" "..1111-1,),,,,:..' THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING. AUGUST 27, 1863, Meeting of the British Association. Yesterday was appointed for the meeting of the general committee of the British Association, in the hall of the Literary and Philosophical Society, Newcastle. It had also been arranged that the sec tion committee meetings should take place at three p.m., and eight o'clock in the evening had been ap pointed for the grand opening meeting i❑ the Town hall. The following is the inaugural address pre pared by Sir W. Armstrong, president of the asso ciation : Gentlemen of the British Association,—l esteem it the greatest honour of my life that I am called upon to assume the office of your President. In that capacity, and as representing your body, I may be allowed to advert to the gratifying reception which the British Association met with on their former visit to this region of mining and manufacturing in dustry; and, as a member of the community which you have again honoured with a visit, I undertake to convey to you the assurance of a renewed and hearty welcome. A quarter of a century has elapsed since the association assembled in this town, and in no former period of equal duration has so great a progress been made in physical knowledge. In mechanical science, and especially in those branches of it which are concerned in the application of steam power to effect interchange between distant com munities, the progress made since 1838 has no parallel in history. The railway system was then in its infancy, and the great problem of trans- Atlantic steam navigation had only received its complete solution in the preceding year. Since that time railways have extended to every continent, and steamships have covered the ocean. These reflec tions claim our attention on this occasion, because the locality in which we hold our present meeting is the birthplace of railways, and because the coal mines of this district have contributed more largely than any others to supply the motive power by which steam communication by land and water has been established on so gigantic a scale. The history of railways shows what grand results may have their origin in small beginnings. When coal was first convoyed in this neighbourhood from the pit to the shipping place on the Tyne, the pack horse, carrying a burden of 3 cwt., was the only mode of transport employed. The railway system, like all large inventions , has risen to its present im portance by a series of steps ; and so gradual has been that Europe finds its e lf comm i tte d to a progress,ously determined by th e di stance between the wheels of the carts for which woo d en i fortui rails were originally laid down. Last of all came the locomotive engine, that crowning achievement of mechanical science, which enables us to convey a lo ad of 200 tons at a coat of fuel scarcely exceeding that of the corn and hay which the original pack-horse consumed in convey ing its load of 3 cwt. an equal distance. I t w as chiefly in this locality that the railway system was thus reared from earliest infancy to full maturity; and amongst the many names associated with its growth, that of George Stephenson stands pre-eminent. The coal fields of this district, so intimately connected with the railway system both in its origin and maintenance, will doubtless receive much attention from the association at their present meet ing. Estimates have been made at various periods of the time which would be required to produce com plete exhaustion of all the accessible coal in the British Islands. These estimates are extremely discordant; but the discrepancies arise, not from any important disagreement as to the available quantity of coal, but from the enormous difference in the rate of consumption at the various dates when the Estimates were made, and also from the different views which - have been entertained as to the probable increase of consumption in future years. The quantity of coal yearly worked from British mines Ms been almost trebled during the last twenty years, and has probably increased tenfold since the commencement of the present cen tury; but as this increase has taken place pending the introduction of steam navigation and railway transit, and under exceptional conditions of manufacturing development, it would be too much to assume that it will cont i nue to a d vance with equal rapidity. The statistics collected by Mr. Hunt, of the Mining Record Office, show that at the end of 1861 the quantity of coal raised in the United Kingdom had reached the enormous total of 86 millions of tons, and that the average annual in crease of the eight preceding years amounted to 21 millions of tons. Let us inquire, then, what will be the duration of our coal-fields if this more moderate rate of increase be maintained. d i n to refer,ence afford as There is another so uree o f mot i ve power to which induced I am the exhibiting meansanof instance i n solarwhich obtaining mechanical effects from inanimate agents. I allude to the power of water descending from heights to which it has been lifted by the evaporative action of the sun. To illustrate the great advantage of collecting water for power in elevated situations, I may refer to the waterworks of Greenock, where the collecting reservoirs are situated at an elevation of 512 feet above the river Clyde. The daily yield of these reservoirs is said to be nearly 100,000 tons o f wa t e r, which is derived from the rainfall on the area of 5,000 acres. The power Jbtainable from this quantity and head of water is equal to that of a steam engine of about 2,000 horse power, and the whole effect might be realised on the margin of the river by bringing down the water in a pipe of sufficient capacity, and causing it to act as a column on suitable machinery at the foot of the descent. I have hitherto spoken of coal only as a source of mechanical power, but it is also extensively used for the kindred purpose of relaxing those cohesive forces which resist our efforts to give new forms and conditions to solid substances. In these appli cations, which are generally of a metallurgical nature, the same wasteful expenditure of fuel is everywhere observable. In an ordinary furnace employed to fuse or soften any solid substance, it is the excess of the heat of combustion over that of the body heated which alone is rendered available for the purpose intended. The rest of the heat, which in many in stances constitutes by far the greater proportion cf the whole, is allowed to escape uselessly into the chimney. The combustion, also, in common furnaces is so imperfect, that clouds of powdered carbon, in the form of smoke, envelope cur manufacturing towns, and gases, which ought to be completely oxygenised in the fire, pass into the air with two thirds of their heating power undeveloped. Some remedy for this state of things, we may hope, is at hand, in the gas regenerative furnaces recently introduced by Mr. Siemens. With regard to smoke, • which is at once a waste and a nuisance, having myself taken part with Dr. Richardson and Air. Longridge in a series of ex periments made in this neighbourhood in the years 1857.58 for the purpose of testing the practicability of preventing smoke in the combustion of bitumin ous coal in steam-engine boilers, I can state with perfect confidence that, so far as the raising of steam is concerned, the production of smoke is unnecessary and inexcusable. The experiments to which I refer proved beyond doubt, that by an easy method of firing, combined with a duo admission of air and a proper arrangement of fire-grate, not involving any complexity, the emission of smoke might be per fectly avoided, and that the prevention of the smoke increased the economic value of the fuel and the evaporating power of the boiler. As a rule there is more smoke evolved from the fires of steam engines than from any others, and it is in these fires that it may be most easily prevented. But in the furnaces used for most manufacturing overatieue the prevention of smoke is much more difficult, and will probably not be effecred until a radical change is made in' the system of applying fuel for euch.ope rations. Not 1C waktergl extravag4nt eqr racae of employing coal for domestic purposes. The simplest arrangements to confine the heat and concentrate it upon the operation to be performed would suffice to obviate this. In warming houses we con sume in our open fires about five times as much coal as will produce the same beating effect when burnt in a close and properly. constructed stove. Toese are homely considera tions—too much so, perhaps, for an amnesty like thus ; hut I trust that an abuse involving a useless expenditure exceeding in amount our income-tax, and capable of being rectified by attention to scien tific principles, may not be deeined unworthy of the notice of some of those whom I have the honour of addressing. The introduction of the Davy lamp was a great event in the history of coal mining, not as effecting any great diminution of those disastrous accidents which still devastate every colliery district, but as a means of enabling mines to be worked which, from their greater explosive tendencies, would otherwise have been deemed inaccessible. Thus, while the Davy lamp has been of great benefit both to the public and the proprietors of coal, it has been the means of leading toe miners into more perilous workings, and the frequency of accident by explo sion has in consequence not been diminished to the extent which was originally expected. The increase of the earth's temperature as we descend below the surface is a subject which has been discus ed at previous meetings of the British Association. It possesses great scientific interest, as afflicting the computed thickness of the crust which covers the molten mass assumed to constitute the interior portions of the earth, and it is also of great practical importance as determining the depth at which it would be possible to pursue the working of coal and other minerals. The deepest coal min e in this district is the: Monkwearmouth Colliery, which reaches a depth of 1,800 feet below the surface of the ground, and nearly as much below the level of the sea. The observed temperature of the strata at this depth agree pretty closely with what has been ascertained in other localities, and shows that the increase takes place at the rate of 1 degree Fehr. to about 60 feet of depth. Assuming the temperature of subterranean fusion to be 3,000 deg., and that the increase of heat at greater depths continues uniform (which, however, is by no means certain), the thickness of the film which separates us from the fiery ocean beneath will be about thirty-four miles—a thickness which may be fairly represented by the skin of a peach taken in relation to the body of the fruit which it covers. The depth of 4,000 feet, which has been assumed as the limit at which coal could be worked, would probably be attended by an in crease of heat exceeding the powers of human en durance. In the Monkwearmouth colliery, which is less than half that depth, the temperature of the eir in the workings is about 84 deg. Fehr., which is considered to be nearly as high as is consistent with the great bodily exertion necessary in the operation of mining. The computations, therefore, of the duration of coal would probably require a conside rable reduction in consequence of too great a depth being assumed as practicable. At the last meeting of the British Association in this town, the importance of establishing an office for mining records was brought under the notice of the Council by Mr. Sopwith, and measures were taken which resulted in the formation of the present Mining Records Office. In the course of the preceding observations I have had occasion to speak of the sun as the great source of motive power on our earth, and I must ❑ot omit to refer to recent discoveries connected with that most glorious body. Of all the results ,which science has produced within the last few years, none has been more unexpected than that by which we are enabled to test the materials of which the sun is made, and prove their identity, in part at least, with those of our planet. The spectrum experiments of Bunsen and Kirchhoff have not only shown all this, but they have also corroborated previous conjectures as to the luminous envelope of the sun. I have still to advert to Mr. Nasmyth's remarkable discovery, that the bright surface of the sun is composed of an aggregation of apparently solid forms, shaped like willow-leaves or some well known forms of DiatomacEse, and interlacing one another in every shape as to have led to a suggestion from one of our profoundest philosophers of their being organisms possibly even partaking of the nature of life, but at all events closely connected with the ,heating and vivifying influences of the sun. These mysterious objects, which, since Mr. Nasmyth discovered them, have been seen by other observers as well, are computed to be each not less than 1,000 miles in length and about 100 miles in breadth. Tae enormous chasms in the sun's photosphere, to which we apply the diminu tive term " spots," exhibit the extremities of these leaf-like bodies pointing inwards, and fringing the sides of the cavern far down into the abyss. Some times they form a sort of rope or bridge across the chasm, and appear to adhere to one another by lateral attraction. I can imagine nothing more deserving of the scrutiny of observers than these extraordinary forms. The sympathy also which appears to exist between forces operating in the sun and magnetic forces belonging to the earth merits a continuance of that close attention which lit has already received from the British Association, and of labours such as General Sabine has with so much ability and effect devoted to the elucidation of the subject. I may here notice that most remark able phenomenon which was seen by independent observers at two different places on the Ist Sept., 1859. A sudden outburst of light, far exceeding • the brightness of the sun's surface, was seen to take place, and sweep like a drifting cloud ever a portion of the solar face. This was attended with magnetic disturbances of unusual intensity, and with exhi bitions of aurora of extraordinary brilliancy. The identical instant at which the effusion of light was observed was recorded by an abrupt and strongly marked deflection in the self-registering instru ments at Kew. The phenomenon, as seen, was probably only part of what actually took place, for the magnetic storm in the midst of which it oc curred commenced before and continued after the event. If conjecture be allowable in such a case, we may suppose that this remarkable event had some connection with the means by which the sun's heat is renovated. It is a reasonable supposition that the sun was at that time in the act of receiving a more than usual accession of new energy ; and the theory which assigns the maintenance of its power to cosmical matter, plunging into it with that prodigious velocity which gravitation would im press upon it as it approached to actual contact with the solar orb, would affcrd an explanation of this sudden exhibition of intensified light in harmony with the knowledge we have now at tained that arrested motion is represented by equivalent heat. Telescopic observations will pro bably add now facts to guide our judgment on this suhject, and, taken in connection with observations on terrestrial magnetism, may enlarge and correct our views respecting the nature of heat, light, and electricity. Much as we have yet to learn respect ing these agencies, we know sufficient to infer that they cannot be transmitted from the sun to the earth except by communication from particle to particle of intervening matter. Not that I speak of particles in the sense of the atomist. Whatever our views may be of the nature of particles, we must conceive them as centres invested with surrounding forces. We h av e no evidence, either from our ;senses or otherwise, of these centres being occupied by solid cores of indivisible, incompressible matter essentially distinct from force. Dr. Young has shown that, even in so dense a body as water, these nuclei, if they exist at all, must be so small in relation to the intervening space that a hundred men distributed at equal distance , s over the whole surface of Eng land would represent their relative magnitude and distance. What then must be these relative dimen eions is highly rezefied matter? But wily encutn ber our conceptions of material forces by this un necessary imagining of a central molecule? If we retain the forces and reject the molecule,we sh.lll still have every property we can recognise in matter by the use of our senses or by the aid of our reason. Viewed in this light, matter is not merely a thing subject to force, but is itself composed and consti tuted of force. The science of gunnery, to which I shall make but slight allusion on this ce2caGion, is intimately con nected with the dynamical theory of heat. When gunpowder is exploded in a cannon, the immediate effect of the affinities by which the materials of the powder are caused to enter into new combinations, is to liberate a force which first appears as heat, and then takes the form of mechanical power communi cated in part to the shot and in part to the pre ducts of explosion which are also propelled from the gun. The mechanical force of the shot is re converted into heat when the motion is arrested by striking en object, and this heat is divided between the shot and the object struck, in the proportion of the work done or damage inflicted upon each. These considerations recently led me, in conjunction with my friend Captain Noble, to determine experi mentally, by the heat elicited in the shot, the loss of effect due to its crushing when fired against iron plates. Joule's /aw, and the known velocity of the shot, enabled us to compute the number of dyna mical units of heat representing the whole mecha nical power in the projectile; and by ascertaining the number of units developed in it by impact, we arrived at the power which took effect upon the shot instead of the plate. These experiments showed an enormous absorption of power to be caused by the yielding nature of the materials of which pro jectiles are usually formed; but further experi ments are required to complete the inquiry. While speaking of the subject of gunnery, I must pay a passing tribute of praise to that beautiful in strument invented and perfected by Major Navez, of the Belgian artillery, for determining, by means of electro-magnetism, the velocity of projectiles. This instrument has been of great value in recent investigations, and there are questions affecting projectiles which we can only hope to solve by its assistance. Experiments are still required to clear up several apparently anomalous effects in gunnery, and to determine the canditions most conducive to efficiency both as regards attack and defence. It is gratifying to see our Government - acting in accord ance with the enlightened principles of the age by carrying on scientific experiments to arrive at knowledge, which, in the arts of war as well as in those of peace, is proverbially recognised as the true source of human power. Professor Tyndall's recent discoveries respect ing the absorption and radiation of heat by va pours and permanent gases constitute important additions to our knowledge. The extreme deli cacy of his experiments and the remarkable distinctness of their results render them beauti ful examples of physical research. They are of great value as affording further illustrations of the vibratory actions in matter which constitute heat ; but it is in connection with the science of meteoro logy that they chiefly command our attention. From these experiments we learn that the minute quan tity of water suspended as invisible vapour in the atmosphere acts as a warm clothing to the earth. The efficacy of this vapour in arresting heat is, in comparison with that of air, perfectly astound ing. Although the atmosphere contains on an ave rage but one particle of aqueous vapour to 200 of air, yet that single particle absorbs 80 times as much heat as the collective 200 particles of air. Remove, says Professor Tyndall, for a single summer night, the aqueous vapour from the air which overspreads this country, and you would assuredly destroy every plant incapable of bearing - extreme cold. The warmth of our fields and gardens would pour itself unrequitted into space, and the sun would rise upon an island held fast in the grip of frost. Many me teorological phenomena receive a feasible explana tion from these investigations, which are probably destined to thraw further light upon the functions of our atmosphere. Few sciences have more practical value than me teorology, and there are few of which we es yet know so little. Nothing would contribute more to the saving of life and property, and to augmenting the general wealth of the world, than the ability to foresee with certainty impending changes of the weather. At present our means of doing so are ex ceedingly imperfect, but, such as they are, they have been employed with considerable effect by Ad miral Fitzroy in warning mariners of the probable approach of storms. We may hope that so good an object will be effected with more unvarying success when we attain a better knowledge of the causes by which wind and rain, heat and c'ld, are determined. The balloon explorations conducted with so much intrepidity by Mr. (ilaisher, under the auspices of the British Association, may perhaps in some de gree assist in enlightening us upon these important subjects. We have learnt from Mr. Glaisher's ob servations that the decrease of temperature with elevation does not follow th© law previously as sum of 1 deg. in 300 feet, and that in fact it follows no definite law at all. Mr. Glaishor appears also to have ascertained the interesting fact that rain is only precipitated when clouds exist in a double layer. Rain-drops, he has found, diminish in size with elevation, merging into wet mist and ulti mately into dry fog. Mr. Glaisher met with snow for a mile in thickness below rain, which is at vari ance with our preconceived ideas. He has also rendered good service by testing the efficiency of various instruments at heights which cannot be visited without personal danger. The facility now given to the transmission of in telligence and the interchange of thought, is one of the most remarkable features of the present age. Cheap and rapid postage to all parts of the world— paper and printing reduced to the lowest possible cost—electric telegraphs between nation and nation, town and town, and now even (thanks to the beau tiful inventions of Professor Wheatstone) between house and house—all contribute to aid that com merce of ideas by which wealth and knowledge are augmented. Another subject of a social character which de mands our consideration is the much debated ques tion of weights and measures. Whatever difference of opinion there may be as to the comparative merits of decimal and duodecimal division, there can at all events be none as to the importance o f assimilating the systems of measurement in different countries. It is much to be regretted that two standards of measure so nearly alike as the E ng li s h yard and the French metre should not be made absolutely identical. The metric system has already been adopted by other nations besides France, and is the only one which has any ch ance o f b ecom i ng un iversal. We in England, therefore, have no alter native but to conform with France, if we desire general uniformity. The ch ange m i g ht ea sily be . i n troduced in scientific literature, and in that ea" it would probably extend itself by degrees among the commercial classes without much legislative pressure. Besides the advantages which would thus be gained in regard to uniformity, I am con vinced that the adoption of the decimal divi sion of the French scale would be attended with great convenience both in science and commerce. 1 can speak from personal experie nce of the superio rity of decimal measurement i n all cases where accuracy is required in mechanical construction. i n the Elswick Works, as well as in some other large ar establishments of th e same description, the inch is adopted as the un it, and all fractional parts are r expressed in decim al ! . No di ffi culty has b een ex perienced in habituating the workmen to the use of this method, and it has greatly contributed to pre cision of workmanship. The inch, h —°wever, is too small a unit, and it would be advantageous to sub stitute the metre if general concurteece could be obtained. As to Our thermometric scale, it was originally founded. in error ; it is also most incon , venient in division, aLd ought at 04Cd to be aban- STAMPED doned in favour of the centigrade scale. The recog , nition of the metric system and of the centigrade scale by the numerous men of science composing the British Association would be a most important step towards effecting that universal adoption of the French standards in this country which sooner or later will inevitably take place ; and the association, min its collective capacity, might take th e l ea d i n th i s future g ood work, by excluding in all other standards from their published proceedings. The recent discovery of the source of the Nile by Captains Speke and Grant has solved a problem in geography which has been a subject of speculation ' from the earliest ages. It is an honour to England that this interesting discovery has been made by two of her sons; and the British Association, which is accustomed to value every addition to knowledge for its own sake, 'whether or not it be attended with any immediate utility, will at once appreciate the importance of the discovery, and the courage and devotion by which it has been accomplished. The science of organic life has of late years been making great and rapid strides, and it is gratifying to ob serve that researches both in zoology and botany are characterised in the present day by great accu racy and elaboration. Investigations patiently conducted upon true inductive principles cannot fail eventually to elicit the hidden laws which govern the animated world. Neither is there any lack of bold speculation contemporaneously with this painstaking spirit of inquiry. The remark able work of Mr. Darwin promulgating the doc trine of natural selection has produced a pro found sensation. The novelty of this ingenious theory, the eminence of its author, and his masterly treatment of the subject, have per haps combined to excite more enthusiasm in its favour than is consistent with that dispas sionate spirit which it is so necessary to preserve in the pursuit of truth. The Dar winian theory, when fully enunciated, founds the pedigree of living nature upon the most elementary form of vitalised matter. One step further would carry us back, without greater violence to probability, to inorganic rudiments, and then we should be called upon to recognise in ourselves, and in the exquisite elaborations of the ani mal and vegetable kingdoms, the ultimate results of mera material forces left free to follow their own unguided tendencies. Surely our minds would in that case be more oppressed with a sense of the miraculous than they now are in attributing the wondrous things around us to the creative hand of a Great presiding Intelligence. The evidences bearing upon the antiquity of man have been recently produced, in a collected and most logically treated form, by Sir Charles Lyell. It seems no longer possible to doubt that the human race has existed on the earth in a barbarian state for a period far exceeding the limit of historical record; but, notwithstanding this great antiquity, the proofs still remain unaltered that man is the latest as well as the noblest work of God. I will not run the risk of wearying this assembly by extending my remarks to other branches of science. In conclusion I will express a hope that when the tame again comes round to receive the British Association in this town, its members will find the interval to have been as fruitful as the corresponding period on which we now look back. The tendency of progress is to quicken progress, because every acquisition in science is so much vantage ground for fresh attainment. We may expect, therefore, to increase our speed as we struggle forward; but however high we climb in the pursuit of knowledge, we shall still see heights above us; and the more we extend our view, the more con scious we shall be of the immensity which lies beyond. Fatal Balloon Accident near Nottingham. The inquest upon the body of the unfortunate man Ceanibers, who met with his death on Monday , night at Arno Vale, near Nottingham (the begin ning of which we reported yesterday), came to a conclusion on Tuesday evening. In reply to a question by the foreman of the jury, Mr. Coxwell said had the gas in the bal loon been ordinary gas, purified in the proper way, that which came into the face of the deceased would not have hurt him. It was gas made with more regard to quantity than quality. The works at which it was made were but small, and they ac cordingly tried to produce as much gas as possible; therefore the possibility is that coal was used which would give a greater volume of gas from a smaller quantity of ordinary coal. The foreman—How could you bring your mind to allow an ascent under these circumstances ? Mr. Coxwell said he could not have thought that any one who had the balooning experience of de ceased would have so mismanaged the balloon as to allow a sufficient quantity of gas to go into his face to render him insensible. By a Juryman —When he was standing in the car the balloon, from which the gas escaped, would be about six feet from the mouth of the deceased. Mr. Coxwell further said that when Mr. Glaisher and himself ascended to great heights the gas in the balloon proportionately expanded. The gas that would occupy a space of 90,000 feet at a height of seven miles from the earth would not occupy more than a fourth of that space on the earth's surface. If a balloon were to go up only half full it would rise and rise unless checked until perfectly full. At three and three quarter miles from the earth a volume of gas will double its bulk. Now, he told this poor man not to go too high, but to check the balloon and come down if it was only at the dis tance of a mile. In reply to questions by a juryman, the witness said the danger of insensibility and death from breathing gas was in proportion to its purity or im purity. He bad no doubt that some portion of gas had been inhaled into the lungs of the deceased. He also said that when Mr. Glaisher and himself made their h ascent about s i x wee k s ago th e balloon washig drifting out to sea, and they made a very rapid descent. They came down two miles in about four minutes, and the valve of his large bal loon, which was three times as large as this, was broken in a similar way. The balloon came over on its side and completely disarranged the whole thing. The Coronet —Then you are of opinion that the • fall to the earth fractured the valve and thespring ? Mr. Colwell—Decidedly. Mr. \V ells fives) w ha (solicitor on behalf o f deceased's rela. t was your balloon calculated to lift ? Mr. Coxwell—With ordinary g as it would lift 1 4,0001 b. the weight of the b a l loon, , deductin 3501 b., and then it s hould have lifting power equal tt. three or four person s and the usual b a ll ast. A Juryman—The gra ppling - irons were , I sup pose left out unintentionally ? Mr. Coxwell--They were left out intentionally ; the wou ld not rise with th e grappl i ng -i r ons. ThA balloon would would a man safe l y d e scend b without gra ppling-irons ? Mr . C o xwell—l have frequently d o ne it myself on calm ev enin g s. I have a rope in the balloon, and by his not lowering the rope provided for him i n the balloon it proves to me fzat he was in an in sensible state. The Coroner—Yon do not attribute the accident to the gas ? Mr. Coxwell—Oh no ; had it been lighter gas, though, I sh ou ld h ave gone upmyself, but k now i ng this poor fellow to be experienced, Brod not wishing to disappoint the visitors, I accepted his offer. The Foreman—Supposing the man had not gone up, what should you have done ? Mr. Criswell—l had made ample provision in that case. 1 had two tickets being written, " Mr. Cox well's balloon from Basford Park ;" with direc tions to whoever should find it to return it. One of these tickets was written, and while the other was being written the deceased got into the car, and went up. The Coroner rammed up ; and The Jury returned the following verdict :—That the deceased Jaines Chambers, ascended the ear at tached to a balloon during fair weather; that he ascended in a voluntary manner and by his own free will ; that through inhaling gas he became insen sible, and was unable to work the ballon properly, and the balloon coming into violent collision with the earth caused his death. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing llorniknan's ture Tea ; very choice at 3s. 4d. and 4 s , "High Standard" at 45.4.1. (formerly 44. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. 45.zent* in every tom 2upply it in nacii.etl. ~` ~n~. C - 1 •_e' 7. ; NEWS PA P Ell Naval and Military Intelif-Ugg7 THE NAVY. The Government having decidecotlAolratinet ,4 =Z the dockyard and naval store esttintetLata - Deal, Admiralty instructions have been r4tieivealt S Chatham, directing the whole of the stores to be removed from the Deal yard to Chatham, where they will be inspected by the officials of the esta blishment. Those which are found to be unfitted for the public service will be condemned and dis posed of. Already several of the largest descrip tions of anchors and cables have been transferred from Deal to Chatham, and two of the dockyard transports are employed eze!usively in removing the remainder of the stores. The site of the dock yard will be appropriated by the Government for building purposes, a portion being set apart for in creasing the barrack accommodation of the troops quartered at Deal. The improvements lately introduced by the Ad miralty into iron shipbuilding, and more mrticu lariy those made in the construction of the Bellero phon, have had the effect of stimulating the private shipbuilding interest to unwonted activity in the same direction. The committee of Lloyds' have suhm of itt i e ro d n their rules an d regu l at i ons for the shipsbuild ing to a thorough revision, based on communications which have been furnished by all the t ry p r i rr n h c e i pal suggestionsiron shipbuilders which h throughoutav been b the coun try. n i a this way to the not i ce of the committee have bell well considered, an d ma d e the basis of a now codee of regulations, compil e d b y Messrs. Martin end Ritchie, the principal shipbuilding surveyor& at Lloyds'. In order to render this cede fully intelli gible to the profession, the committee hive offered to their large staff of surveyors a eeries of prizes to , hose who should succeed in producing the best and most exact set of illustrated drawings of everything relating to iron shipbuilding. In order .t the same time to secure a thoroughl iedependent adjudication upon the various competitive plans, the committee requested Mr. Reed, the recently appointed chief constructor at the Admiralty, to award the prizes. He has done so, and also prepared an official report, which is about to be printed and circulated by the committee for the information of the eurveyors and agents throughout the world. The first prize has been awarded to Mr. Cornish, the youngest surveyor on the staff at Lloyds'. Prizes of a second-class have also been awarded to Messrs. Boolde, Davey, Light, and Like. The re port of Mr. Reed was so satisfactory to the commit tee, and afforded such evidence of the professional skill evinced by Lloyds' surveyors, that the com mittee have trebled the sum which they originally appropriated as prizes and gratuities to the compe titors. The prize drawings will be engraved and published for the guidance of the shipbuilding pro fession. A number of workmen am now busily employed at Chatham in cutting away the solid granite aides at the entrance to No. 2 dock, in which the iron. ship Achilles is under construction, in readiness for that vessel being floated out. As much as 2ft. Bin., or 16in. on each side, will have to be cut away from the entire length of the solid wall on both sides the dock in order to admit of the Achilles being floated out without touching the sides. Major-Gen. Bloomfield, Inspector-General of the Royal Artillery, returned to town last evening from a tour of inspection in Scotland and the northern districts. The following appointments have been made at the Admiralty—Lieut. W. Howorth to the Hogue, for service in the Harpy ; Lieut. Richard H. Napier to the Duke of Wellington ; Sub-Lieut. Edward J. Beliett and Sub-Lieut. Francis H. Chapman to the Marlborough. BEES AND BEEKEEPING. (Front the Ficld.) REMOVING BEES TO TILE lIE&THER—Your correspon dent " Socdolager" appears to have managed his bees very badly in taking them to the moors; and as it is my object to preserve the lives of these interesting, useful, little crea tures, and to encourage bee-keeping, by showing how Ciey can make a good profit out of their bees, I cannot better cony nee him that swarms can be moved with perfect safety than by publishing a correspondence that I have had since my instructions appeared in the field of July 25, whito will show him that other people besides myself can carry swarms any distance if my instructions are strictly carried out (as " Soedolager" says that loss is sure to ensue if swarms are removed to the moors, and he warns all bee keepers not to remove swarms). A gentleman in Lincoln shire wrote to me on the 29th July, saying that previous to seeing my instructions in the Field how to remove bees to the heather, ho had removed 13 swarms to the moors, and the combs broke down in several of them, and the bees were all drowned in their own sweets. He says The plan I pursued was, I took the hives gently off the stands, and tied them up in a thin piece of calico, and they were con veyed vary steadily, but you appear to prefer' carrying them turned upside down. My bees are in flat-topped straw hives. I shall esteem it a great favour if you will drop mo a line with some further instructions, as I want to taro about 20 more hives to the heather." Clayton-bridge, Apairv, near M anc h es t er , J u l y 30, 1863. . , Dear ant sorry you have had the misfortune to lose some of your hives and bees, as it is very discouraging. The new combs, especially in late swarms, are as brittle as glass, and break down with the least shake when heated, and even fall with their own weight if they have auy honey in them, as the bees. when made up with the finest calico, get excited, and the heat ascending to the top of the hive, soon heats the combs, and they give way. But I think, if you will follow my directions, you will meet with no fur ther accidents, as I Nava taken my bees to the heather for many years—part of the way by the railway, and then six miles over a very rough country—on, and suspended under a carriage, and I took them again last Saturday with out any accident. Fasten your bees, especially your swarms, in a covey of very open net (strong cap-net will do) with holes in just small enough to prevent the bees escaping, and, when tied securely, turn the hive gently up, but mind that the edge of the combs are at the bottom part as you turn it over, otherwise the comb will probably bend or break with its own weight and the bees upon it. When turned bottom upwards, the combs all rest upon their own founda tions, and the heat always ascends, and so escapes through the net, the inside of the hive is kept cool. Swarms always ride the best suspended ; with old hives the same amount of care is not necessary, as the bees varnish their combs with a sort o f glue, and when they have had brood in the combs the cocoons left in the cells again strengthens them, so that they become nearly as tough as leather, and you can knock them about as you like, provided you give them plenty of air. It will he a gratification to ma to hear that I have been the means of saving you your property and the lives of the poor bees, and am, yours respectfully, W. CARR. Lincolnshire, Aug. 13, 1863. Dar Sir,—lt is impossible for me to return you suffi cient thanks for your information about taking bees to the heather. I purchased s Aue strong cap-net, and conveyed my bees as you directed, and I had not one accident, and they all arrived safely at the moors. I had some of them suspended, and others put on some straw in a light cart, and the pony trotted very quickly for about five of the miles over a very rough road, and, as you said, the hives were kept cool, and there was not a single comb damaged in any of swarms whatsoever. If you should at any time be so un fortunate as to lose your bees, I shall have great pleasure iu presenting you with a new stock.—Yours respectfully, Mr. Carr. I have made no mistake, as " Socdolager" imagines, when I advise a full-sized hive to be placed upon the top of the old stock when I want to take the old hive from the bees, and leave them in the new hive when they return from the moors ; as by that time the brood will be nearly all hatched out in the old hive, and the top hive will be filled with sealed honey-combs, which will ensure the bees' preserva tion until next spring; but if the addition was placed below, the bees, perhaps, it the weather was bad, would not have placed any honey in the bottom hive (as the bees always fill the top combs first), and in that case you could not take the old hive from them..—Wu. CARR. 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