The Sun. — London, England, 1863-04-29 00:00:00

-•................. - 6, /;.--) d" ~,,e.---- NEWS P.A_PER % 11 1;....,'.r.'" * ". (11 . , '' ;--- (.s c / --- -- 1,---c____-- -,,, -- . . ~„,, -:-:•:lc, ~f-2,, t , N%-rk '"•';;:, Tlix.--,,i 1 4V - ' ~\ A ,- ,-.A, - • A • --. 'et-It - AV - . the time when America shall hay r 1 ppliitifiii zubt,z7 " R gil i i 7; 0 1 X ., ,:,4 4 1 : „ . : - of her own, as varied and as complioted --...--..:***-•,, / 4€ 1 ,41 s . a.. - 6 - 74. 1 . ' • ..r.- , h;' Arc. t/.' Europe. It is useless to bpecalate oitSahe yispeo.-% , "6 - I Lr -„,,,,,„,, - .‘‘. 1te0 44,1•0 " -Yi k lvi- 5,,,,, _. , , \ '-'':- tig ' " ~, 4 , 4 :- , , ,, ,,: s ~,,,,... _4lll - -- 11/' .:..4 -ci ,61:"' - ' 14T " -. 1 .1: ‘( , 74, 4 . .7;„-,40(4-A , IS., at ".. 4' #o..{, ..... , t..., ) 41011411 0 4 ...., t 4 '.. '' "-.., 1 / 4, k,f;i 4t t -fr 7 ) : , , 1 01 . N., 0 -5 111 16,1, 4 , ,_-dimilt , 4 N. . 4 ,' __,-..„: . , diency of such a state of thins, for it is clearT3' inevitable. All we can desire is that the et:a/Tr.:- which is coming me bo allowed to take place; ,-, ce) without two or three more years of fruitless miLier , ‘ ll e - 4' 'DI - tilo .. 14 '' ‘•4-.1.t•-• E • ' '.. f,....4 1 +.'..* ' 4 4f , ~ - 14 0 . -ee -- ..! -ußoir. and wanton bloodshed. 4.:L._•-=" '). -- , - -..,, . 411# \'' ' . 4 T. J AMES' II 0 T E ' Comer of BERKELEY-SPREE Piccadilly. Thi, HOTEL will be OPENED to the public on SATUR DAY, the 2(1 of May next. FRANCATELLI. By order, G. T. OLDFIELD, Secretary. Dated April 17, 1863. T HE CARLOGGAS TIN MINING COMPANY (Limited). /tegistered under the Companies' Act, 1 62, whereby the liability of each Sharehol ler is limited to the amount of his Shares. THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, APRIL 29, 1863. N°. 22.100.. PRICE-- _..4d. STAMPED ....sd. Capital £15,000, in 3,0 V Shares of £5 each. Deposit 10s. on ApplAc•tion and Li on allotment. DIRECTORS. T HE BANK OF 0 I'AGO (LIMITED). NEW ZEALAND. Incorporated under "The Companies' Act, 1i62." which limits the Shareholder's liability to the amount of his shares. Capital, u0),(100, in 5,!00 Shares of £lOO each (with power to increase.) Dep - sit, £1 per Share on Application, and a further pay ment of £4 per Share on Allotment. Calls not to exceed £5 per £lO3 Share, nor to be made at less inter vals than three months. Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., EXPERIMENTS AT SHOEBURYNESS. assist.-engineers, to the Orontes; W. Scott, act ing assist.-engineer, to the Orontes ; E. J. Hum phrey and T. W. H. Ramsey, acting assist.-engi neers, to the Orontes; and J. W. M. Ashley, to be secretary to Rear- ikdmiral Yelveston, Trans James Hamilton, Esq., Rese Bank, Hanwell, Middle sex. THE DESERTED HOUSE OF HAWKSWORTIL " This story is uncommonly well told, and will be Pura to please that large c ass or read rs who delight in startling incidents narrated in a piquaut Ltyle."--Daily News. " A novel of high class character and unexceptionable talent."—Messenger. Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street. It is not intend-2d to call u more than £5O per Share. Power is taken in the Articles of Assoc at ion to reduce the nominal amount of the shares to such amount as may hereafter be deemed advisable. Now ready, in 2 vols., 215., LIFE AMONG CONVICTS. 1 y the Rev. C. B. GIB ON, M.R.1.A., aolinKirkham, Esq., OE., 100, Euston-road, N.W. James Pearce, Esq , 21, Threadaeedie-street, and Wimborne, Dorset. Theodore Richard Schweitzer, Eeq. (R. T. Schweitzer and , 2r, Throgmortan-street, E.C. Captain Benjamin Wr ght, Heath Lodge, Clapham, BANKERS. The Metropolitan and Provincial Bank (Limited), 75, Corn hili, James Botirdilion, E FOLICITOR. eq., 30, Great Winchoster,t treet. : _ ' ECRETARY-31r. W. Battyr. OFFICES. 0, Great Winchester str,et, E.C. PROSPECTUS. This Company 'a formed for the per-hive and working of the Carloggns Tin Mines, situated the Faris', of St Stephens, St. Ansi el, in the County of Cornwall, a dTstriet well known am.aig mineralogists as being r'en in Tin )[ir.eral deposits. The sett is very extensive, and he'd under le; se from Lady Grenville, f or a t erm of twenty-one year., at a royalty of one-fifteenth. The promising character of the Mines to be worked by the present Company fully warrants the expe Cation that large returns will be realised.; five Tin 1 odes are known to pass through the sett, and on one of which operations have been carried on to some considerable extent by the former Workers. The Mine is situated on the junct'on of Granite and Killas, so favourable for the production of metallic miner cis, parti cularly Tin. The ancient excavations on the backs of the lodes give evi dence that vast quantities of Tin !nye been raised on the property, and recent explorations demonstrate this sett to be of no ordinary kind, it being merely a question of capital for a fuller development to biing it Into a dividend state. The reports annexed are from men of long practical ex perience in the oistrict ; their testimony as to the highly promising charric+er of the property, and the great local ad vantages by which it is surrounded, will be read with inte rest, and leaving nothing, to be urged by the Directors, ex cept an assurance of their strong c tnfidence as to its value, and that ere long it will bear comparison with any of the rich Mines opened in the district. A contract has been entered into for the purchase of the Property on most favoura' le terms—viz., for £6,000 (22,500 in cash, and £3,500 in paid- un Sh ares ) . The capital of the Company is fixed at £15,000, in 3,000 Shares of £5 each ; it is, however, estimated that £2 per share will be ample for all mini( sea, to place the Mtn - ; in a profit able state, as immecilate returns of Tin can be m ide. The Company having heen registered with limited-liability, no Shareholder can, under any circumstances whatever, be made responsible for aL than that of the shares to which he sub , cribcs. A considerable portion of the capital has already been sub scribed. The Directors propose to commence operations win n the 7 consider a sufficient number of shares have been subscribed for. Applications for Shares to be made in the subjoined form. The deposit money of 10s. per share to be paid to the Company's Bankers, for which receipts will be given. If no allotment be made, the deposit money will be returned in full, and if a less number be al otted than is applied for the surplus will be used towards the payment on allotment. l'rospectus s and forms of application for Share., and all further information, may be obtained at the Offices of the Company. T" ROYAL SARDINIAN' RAILWAY COM PAN Y. Guaranteed by the Italian Government. A 50elete Anonyme ; the Liability of Shareholders Limited to the Amount of their Share. Share Capital, £1,000,000 sterling, or 2 5 ,000,000 f., in 50,030 Share, of £2O, or 5001., each, to bearer. With power to issue £2,oro,oCio Nominal Capital, in Obligations or Debentures. The Shares to be redeemed by lot, at par, out of the pro ceeds of Freehold Landed Estates granted to the Company ; to bear Interest at 6 percent. per annum during construction, and subsequently an estimated minimum annual dividend of Thirty-two Shillings (equal to eight per cent.) per share, based upon the Government Guarantee-, and payable during the whole term of 93 years, on all shares, whether redeemed or not. Debentures or Obligations £2O, or 500 f. each ; To bear interest at 3 per cent. per annum, repayable by an nual drawings within 41 years, at par ; to be issued at .£ +l, or 2 - 15 f. each. Every subscriber for Shares to have a pre ferential option of claiming two Obligations or Debentures for each Snare allotted to him. The security f r the Capital and interest is a grant to the Company in perpetuity of Freehold Landed Estates of the Crown in the Island of Sardinia, comprisin 5 00,000 hectares, or 480,C00 English acres, and a distinct State Guarantee of a net annual revenue, or subvention, of 9,0(0 lire for each kilo metre of railway, equal to £5BO sterling per English mile, for the term of 99 years. Further Pa Deposit £1 per Sh are on app li cation. yments. on Allotment, £2 per Share, and £1 per bligation or Debentur Arrangements w O ill be made with nspect to further calls Which will enable Shareholders to have the op ion of paying up a Proportion of their Shares and Obl gations or Deben tures in full. COUNCIL Or ADMINISTRATION IN ITALY. ITonorary President—General Count Alberto Della Marmora, Marquis Gustavo di CAvour. Marquis Boyl di Villaflor. Signor Guise' pe Eanna-Sanna, Deputy of the Italian Parliament. ECTORS IN ENGLAND. Thomas Barnes, 1..;&.q., M.P. (Director of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway). Charles Bell, Esq. (Messrs. J. Thomson, T. Bonar, and Co.), London. 11. R. Grenfell, Esq, M.P. (Messrs. Pascoe, Grentell, and Sons) London. I. Leonino, Esq. (Messrs. I. Leonino and Co ). London. John Pender, Esq., M I'. (Messrs. J. Ponder and Co.), Man chester. BANERS. Messrs, Gly n , Mill s, and Co., London. Messrs, Arthur Heywood, Sons, and Co., Liverpool. The Consolidated Bank (Limited), Manchester. Sigri. Fratelli Bolmida, Turin. Bigri Fratelli Leonino di D , Genoa. BROKERS. Messrs P. Cazenoye and Co., 52, Threadneedle -street, London, E.C. Mr. Geo. E. Seymour, 38, Th rogmorton-street, Lcn don, B.C. Messrs. Hors'all and Addison, Liverpool. Messrs. Shore and Kirk, Manchester. SOLICITORS. Messrs. Bircham, Dalrymple, Drake, and Ward, London. Messrs. Littledale Ridley, and liardstveli, Liverpool. ENGINEER. Mr. Benjamin Piercy, C.E., 28, Great George-street, West minster. INTERIM SECRETARY—Mr. J. J. Ridley. Temporary Offices —s, Copthall-court, London, E.C. The Government of Italy, desiring to deve'op the resources of the Island of Sardinia by the introduction of foreign capi tal in the construction of railways, have, by virtue of an Act Bearing the Royal confirmation under date of the 4th of January last, conferred the following valuable concessions, Which have been purchased for this Company : First. The exclusive privilege of constructing railways in the Island of Sardinia. Second. A guarantee or savention for the lines now pro posed of 9,C00 lire for each kilometre of railway, or £sBosfer ling per En g li s h m i le, per annum, net revenue, for a period of 99 years, payable as each section is opened for traffic; and, Third. An i mmediate grant to the Company, in perpetuity and absolutely, of freehold landed estates, belonging to the Crown, in the Island of Sardinia, containing. 200,000 hectares, or 480,000 English acres, the present value of which is offi cially returned at £500,000, but which it is manifest will be largely increased by the conviction of the railways. The £5BO per mile net guaranteed income, together with the comparatively low rentals now proceeding from the landed estates, and amounting, according to the Government returns, to £24 000 per annum, are equivalent to an annual dividend of at least 8 per cent. upon the total estimated cost of the railways. This will be seen from the following calcu lation : Annual Income-- Guaranteed Net EZ.ventio £5BO per mile for 240 miles £139,200 Present rent from the lands (suscept ble of increase) 21,0 0 Total 4163,200 Interest payable on £2,000,000 Obligations or Debentures at £3 per cent .... . ........ £6',000 Estimated Divid en d on .C1,0o),0o0 ShAre Capital at .£8 poc cent BO,OOO J 110,000 Surplus income applicable to the redemption of Debentures Z,200 The special f ea t ure of this undertaking is, that while 23 the Shareholders will receive an annual interest of 6 per cent. during the construction of the line, and a dividend of a t l east 8 per cent . theTeafter on their capital, they will, at no dis tant date, have their capital repaid to them out of the pro ceeds of the Crown lands granted to the Company, and con tinue. never t' oleos, in the enjoyment of the dividends during the whole period of 19 years. The order in which shares will be paid off in this manner will be determined by ballot. Toe estates are s tuated in various p , rta of the Island, and will in great measure be intersected by, or in the neigh]) Jur hood of, the several lines of railway now projected, and also the rev new roads about t. , b 2 eontructei by the on Pounds tor which purpose they have voted One Million Pounds st ling. Some portions of the estat s are under till ige; a considerable extent consists of p asturage, and the remaining portions contain forests of oak and other valuable t , mber. From these forests the do,kyards of England, France, and Italy have for many years past derived and are now d riving their supplies of the finest oak. Sardit ia fs extreme,y rich in minerals, particularly silver- Be ,ppe and ironstone, the latter of the highest quality. sides thes minerals, the Island contains extensive coal fields, which will be developed by means of the intended ail ways. The lines n'lnv projected will be single (with requisite sid ings and passing places), and will be about 210 miles in length ; :Cedx years ar e a ll owed fortheircompletion. They will be pro ed with in the five following sections :- 1. From Cagliari to Iglesias, the centre of the mining 4is triet and co ,l fields. 2. Front Cal - liar' to the city of Oristano. 3. Front Oristano to Ozieri. 4. From °Merl, through the city of Sat sari, to Porto Torres. 5. From Ozieri to Terra Nova. Thus, throughout the %%hole length of th e I sland, will be established a comp'ete syAtem of railways, bringing into Closer connexion the respective shores of the Mediterrinean. The most eminent contractors In this country have care fully examined the detailed surveys and sections of the pro jected lines, prepared by the Company's Engineer, and have offered to contract for their construction at a sum which, after making provision for all preliminary audc°,,notvvi-npgoeszed psnses, wi 1 fall within the amt. unt of capital to be raised. The work:ng expenses of railways in Italy and France rarely average 42 per cult of tha gross receipts. pany has stipulated for an allowan'e of ri Ave yea, in case per cent., j_rs to be in_ ereased to 63 f 2-3 per cent. during the i the gross receipts do not exceed 10.000 lire per kilometre. On the other hand, the Government have reserved the op tion of purchasing the railways, at any time after the expi r.,tion of 30 yvrs upon payment to the Company of the_va , tte 01 the rolli ng Stock, &0., and an annuity for the remainder of the term of 9) years ; such annuity to 13,3 not less than the average net income of the five most productive of the last seven years, and not less than the net income of the last year preceding such purcbas,:'. ,The interes Genill be payable half-yearly in London, Paris, Turin, anda. i m i t t lifilated copies of the Act of the Italian Parliament, with deaf the bland of ••ardinia, showing the course of the 1R- Itircha:ailways, can be inspected at the offices of Messrs. "V• • ' li alrYm D ke, d rd, 4 ,1 Parliament-street, Ilrowi,M1,;?1, I g s ' srs ra Litil u d 1 , a Wdle'v and Bards well, Vorms 01`-nns, Ex • change e l a iv e erpo l ol brok e " , far Stares may be . obtained from the nasea 4 4 t h a er B , 9 at the Tempor try Offices of the Company. returned w it tio o tity e a l u l et t i n o i n ents are made the deposit will be Folt To the Directors i n i V'PLICATION FOR SITARES. gland of the Royal Sardinian Railway Compa ny. - Gentlemen ' II avint; paid to ~._ r, (nest o t th a t yon ,jk''.illirailontkeerri the sum of £ , I hereby terme r a g,ti ions" of .£lO ea h „ reap ~ Shares " and Obli- Railway Company, 1111,11 i e uvely" i 4, the Royal Sardinian Shares `and Oligations," nagree to accept the said be allotted to me, uron the terrnigPrnaller number that may with the Italian Go the 14 tatutes, to be azreed upon by you vernment, and to nay the further deposit of £2 per Share upo n th Obliation upon the Olig-ations' allotteedSPares," and Z 1 per and in such a manner as ;y ou so p poin ..o me, at such time I am, Gentlemen, ' Name in full . . . Address in hitt ......... : Profession or bust '' (11.''''' Plaoe of business (if s.ny) ' any , ). • • • Date.................... ...... Applicants for Shares only, will strike out the 199 rd N t liki9M" 13A iln Aine 1911 A 9t P•141/CMI??1, DIRECTORS, G. 11. Donaldson, Esq. (Messrs. Dona'd4en, Lambert. and Co.), Director of the Agra and Lin ted Service Bank Limited. Alexander I.anz, Elder, Esq , Fenchurc•i Bnilrlin s (Director of the English. Scottish, and Austi alian Chartered Bank.) S. B lidenbA,:u2ll, Esq.. (Messrs. S. B. Edenborouih k Co.), Director of tip- Lnpe ial Bank Lim;teri. John ILrbottle, Esq., A ldei mall's Walk. Alexander Morrison, Nsq , Pengelly Douse, Cheshunt, for merly of Messrs. John Glads•ene and Co. Joreph R. Morrison, Esq., late of Messrs. James Morri son and Co., Director of the Chartered Bank of India, Aus tralia, and China. J. D. Thomson, Esq., St. Peter's Chambers, Cornhill, late Director of the Cape of Good Hope Bank. BANKERS IN LOND)N. The Imperial Bank Limited: D:o. 6, Lothbury. BANKERS IN SCOTLAND. The British Linen Company. BANKERS IN SIDNEY AND MELBOURNE. The English, Scottish, and Australian Chartered Bank. BANKERS IN ADELAIDE. The South Australian Banking Company. SOLICITORS. Messrs. Hughes, Masterma', and Hughes. BROKERS. Messrs. P. Cazenove and Co. SECRETARY, pro. tern. William Greig, Esq. TEMPORARY OFFICES : 17, Bucklesbury. ABRIDGED PROSPECTUS. The Gold Fields of Otago, oi ened in 1861, gave New Zea land an impulse, which bids fair to place it amongst the fore most of the British Colonies. For the year 1855. the total Exports and Imports - of New Zealand were For the year 1861 For the year 1861 For the three quarters ending 30th Sept., 1862 The value of GOLD exported from 0 FAG° alone was— In 18'11 £7 2 7,318 In 1862 1,510,708 The latest accounts show that the same ratio of increase is being maintained. '1 ho following le an extract from the Melbourne correspondent of " The Times," published in that paper on the 13th April, 1863 :—The weekly pro ruction (of Gold) in the province of Otago ranges from 12,000 to 15,000 ounces, and new fields are opening out in all directions " The rapid increase in the export of WOOL from NEW ZEAL AND is remarkable : In 1855, it was 1,447,200 lbs. In 1858, „ In 1861, „ In 1862, „ Not withstanding these facts thereis but one Bank especially est , blishcd for New Zealand (having i s Head Office at Auck land), with a paid up capital of £250,000 ; and the only other banking facilities are derived from mere Branches and Agen cies of Institutions whose chief business is in Australia, where their capital is mostly em ,loyed. The Bank of New Ze iland (established in 1861) declared, in the first year of its existence a dividend at the rate of 8 per cent. ; but its actual net profit for the year was much larger. Th 3 Head Office will be in London, the Chief Branch at DUNEDIN (OTAGO), end Branches or Agencies will be established at set3h other settlements as the air, ctors may from imr t i time deem advisable. The progress of the exi exhibited in the following [sting Colonial Banks is strikingly table : Paid up Paid up , I Present Price Name af Bank. Capital. per share.' per share. _ £ .£ £ Australasia 9':0,000 40 73 V.ctoria New ,t , outh W Iles Uni..n of Australia 1,000,0,0 25 53 London Chartered of Australia New Zealand 250,000 5 10 Prospectuses, and Forms of Application for Shares, may be obtained from the Brokers, or at the Temporary Offices o f the Company. N ORTH BRITISH AND MERCANTILE INSURANCE COMPANY. Established 1800. Incorporated by !to al Charter and Special Acts of Parliament. ACCUMULATED AND INVESTED FUNDS, £2,2,828. ANNUAL REVENUE, £422,401. LONDON BOARD. John White Cater, Esq., P. du Pre Grenfell, Esq. Chairman. A. Klockmann, Esq. Charle Morrison, Esq., De- John Molle t, Esq. put) , t hairman. Junius S. Morgan, Esq. A. De Arroyave, Esq. G. Garden Ni col, Esq Edward Cohen, Esq. John 11. Wm. Schroder, Esq. James du Buisson, Esq. George Young, Esq. Ex-Dirt. A. 11. Campbell, Esq. P. C. Cavan, Esq. P. P. Rath, Esq. Manager of Fire Department—George H. Whyting. Manager of Life Department—W. F. Birkmyre. Superintendent of Foreign Department—G. H. Burnett. - - ECTORS. Hobert Smith, Esq, Frederic Somes, Esq. Secretary —F. W. Lance. General Manager—David Smith. FIRE DEPARTMENT. The Company gr tuts Insurances against Fire in the United Kingdom, and all foreign countries. Mercantile Risks n the Port of London accepted at re• duced rates. Losses promptly and liberally settled. Foreign R'sks.—The Director, having a practical know ledge of foreign countries, are prepared to issue l'olic'es on the most favonra`le terms. In all cases a discount will be allowed to Merchants and others effecting such Insurances, LIFE DEPARTMENT The following Statement exhibits the improvement effected during the las - few years : No. of Policies Issued. Sums. Premiu ms. 1 , 5 4 18;9 6 5 ..... .. 449,913 18 0 1811 1852 Thus in five years the number of Policie3 issued was 3,623, assuring the large sum of £2,928,947. The leading; features of the Office are:- 1. Entire Se - urity to Assurers. 2. The large Bonus additions already declared, and the prospect of a further Bonus at the next investiga _ _ tion. 3. The advantages afforded by varied Tables of premiums —unrestricted conditions of Policies—and general liberality in dealing with the Assured. Forms of Proposal and every information will be furnished on appleation at the HEAD OFFICES • L0ND0N........ 58, Threadneedle-street. 4, New Rank Buildings. EDINBURGII-64, Princes-street.l West End Office-8, Waterloo-place, Pall-mall. MR. ALEX. J. RUSSELL, Secretary. 11 thaantlih?suPnhcoatoTraphhiisc R ;k t T. ( ; I r k i e R n d R s I ft e n K- d the be ft s tbli t c o , Estiblishment, 32, Regent-street, Piccadilly-circus, is now in full operation. Cartes de Visite, 10 for 10s. 6d. ; 21 for £l. Miniatures on Ivory, Marble, and the Photographic base in his former styles. CARDS FOR THE MILLION—A Copp- r - Plate engravel (any Style), 's. 59 BEST Cards print e d is., post free. 50 W e ddi ng Envelopes, 2s. A. GRANGER, 358, High Holborn, W.C. ~ZPECTACLES.—The Patent Newly-invented k.l Tinted Spectivles are patronised by the majority of the Nobility, includinz Viscount Palmerston. They afford extra ordinary reief to weak, di 11, and detective vision.—S. and B. SOLOMON S, Opticians, 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly. PHEASANT REARING AND BREEDING. —Aromatic Spanish Meal, Super. Greaves and Caycar Excelsior, the only ['roper food for rearing and feeding Game and Poultry, sold only by JAMES CHAMBERLIN, who will send free, on appl'clt: on, a Book containing the most valu able information, with Remarks of Gamekeepers and Po..ltry Rearers—Setting, hatching, Feeding, ttc. Address, MR. JAMES CHAMBERLIN, Foreign Wine Merchant, Norwich. 0 ST E 0 EI D ON: Patent, March 1, 1862, No. 560. GABRIEL'S Self-adhesive Patent Indestructible MINE IZA L TEE HI and FLEXIBLE GUMS, without palates, springs, or wires, and without operation. One set lasts a lifetime, and WARRANTED FOR MASTICATION and ARTICULATION, even when all others fail. Purest ma terials only, at halt the usual cost. Messrs. GABRIEL, the old-established Dentists, 27, HARLEY-STREET, CAVENDISH-SQUARE; 34, LUDGATE-HILL, LONDON; 65, NEW-STREET, BIRMINGBAM; and 134, DUKE-STREET, LIVERPOOL. Complete Sets, 4 to 7 and 10 to 15 guineas. One visit only required from country patients. Gabriel's Practica.l Treatise gratis. Chapl ,in in the Convict Service, "All (oncernel in that momentoes questiJn, the treat ment of our convicts. may peruse with interest and bentlit the very valuable information and the very useful su2xes (ions laid before th 4 m by Mr. Gibson in the most, pleasant and lu id manner possible."—Sun. Hurst and B a;kett, 13, Great Marlborough-street, NOTICE. AT ODDS. the New Novel, I - .y the Author of "The initials " and " Quits," in 2 vas , pest Syo., is now ready at all Booksellers and Libraries. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. HE PATRICIAN PUBL I C A N—Lord Adolphus F. C. W. Vane Tempest—The Federal Camp, &c., &c., in " FUN " this week. One Fenny. THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN. Tom Iluckaback on Tublic Schools. Po'and, Sleswick Holstein, &c., &c. In SATURDAY NIGHT, No. 57. ONE PENNY. £O, Fleet-street. SOCIETY OF FEMALE ARTlSTS.—Seventh Year.—The EXHIBITION is now OPEN, at the Society's New Gallery, No. 48, Pall-mall. Admittance, is. ; Catalogues, 6d. ELIZA DUNDAS MURRAY, Secretary. SAWYER'S FAMOUS LONDON DINNER FOR THIS DAY. At 25. 6d. each Person. SOUPS. Green Pea. Vermicelli. FISH. Mackerel, Maitre d'Hotel. Fried Soles. ENTREES. Veal Cutlets, sauce Tomate. Quenelles a la Heine, JOINTS. Roast Beef. Roast Mutton. SWEETS. Cabinet Pudding. Maraschino Jelly. Cheese and Salad. An extensive and carefully selected stock of FRENCH, RHENISH, MOSELLE, and other WINES, imported ex pressly for the London Dinner. THE LONDON, 191, FLEET-STREET. CANTERBURY HALL AND FINE ARTS GALLERY. NOTICE.- ENTIRE CHANGE OF ENTERTAINMENT LES FRERES ATHOS. From the Carignan 'I heatre, Turin. Master EDWIN SAUNDERS, the Child of Song. THE NEAPOLITAN MINSTRELS. GRAND SELECTIONS from OPERAS, GLEES, and CANTATAS. Principal Artistes Miss Russell, Miss Townley ; Mr. Green, and Signor Tivoli. Conductor, Mr. Jonghmans. The celebrated UNSWORTH'S NEW SI UMP SPEECH, The only Negro Orator of the day. EUGENE and DULEY, with new Eccentricities. ARTHUR LLOYD, Miss SAUNDERS, and Mr. HILTON, the Comic Ventriloquist and Modern Magician, EVERY EVENING. Adm'ssion—Hall, 6d. ; stalls and balcony, is. T " E OXF OR D., e, OXFORD STREET. THIS EVENING, Auber's Grand Opera, MASANIELLO. GOUNOD'S FAUST, And the New Cantata, by Herr Meyer Lutz, "HERNE THE HUNTER," ,t , :upnorted by Miss Russell, Miss Oesten, Miss Townley, So.; Messrs. Albert, Green, Bernardi, Hulett, Kimberley, &c. with full band and chorus. Conducted by Mr. Jonghmans. Drew Dean's Flute Solos UNSWORTH, the modern Demosthenes. Eugene, W. Randall, J. Hutchenson, and the mat venous ARTH. and BERTRAND. " These two Parisian clowns have carried the art of tumbling to apparently the highest pitch of perfection, and it is impossible even for the most staid of visitors to avoid being amused by their original gambols. They elicit shouts of laughter and applause."—Times, April 7, 1863. yr JULLIEN'S PROMENADE CONCERTS. At the ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street, Piccadilly. Continued success of J. LEVY, the celebrated Cornet-a- I'iston ! Every Evening a Grand Op-ratic Selection from Verdi's Opera, IL TROVATORE—SoIos, Cornet-a-piston, by Mr. J. Levy—Messrs. Horton, Tyler, King, Snelling, and Moaca. Revival of the Scotch Fantasia and Irish Quadrille, by M. Jullien. Der Freis:hutz, Masaniello, L'Etoile du Nord, &O. Doors open at Eight o'clock. Admission, Is. Manager, Mons. GRENET. THE LONDON ANATOMICAL MUSEUM, containing the Wonders of Nature and Art, shown by innumerable Models, illustrating every part ot the Human Frame ; together with a variety of Natural Preparations, Malformations, Monstrosities, &c.; also the Moving Ana tomical Dying Zouavc, and other life-size figures. Open daily from 11 to 10, for Gentlemen only. Admission, One Shilling. Entrance-44 A, Maddox-street, Regent-street, London, W. Jllustrated Catalogue, free by post for 12 stamps, sealed 20. Explanations throughout the day. Lecture at 4. Address tho Secretary, as above. Consultatians free. I of Dr. A. NEVER FAILING REMEDY.- Ared Without any mercurial ingredient , from there° p eott, of it • utter from Dr. SCOTT'S BILIOUS and LIVER PILLS. pre -r°bmillicoYu'slCanendt,tiwveilrl complaints , invaluablefp oliamindts •pasma, giddiness, tiizziness of the eyes, Arc, For habitual nativeness, as a family aperient medicine, and as a purifier indigestion, n i d i_o . of the blood, they are truly excellent ; mild in their opera tion and grateful to the stomach, they create appetite, pro mote (liestion, and strengthen the Whole nervous system. Sold by W. Lambert, 8, t , ".. --n:r London, and by most druggas W t s illi am - street, Charing - cross. in boxels. lid., and three 9 T d . h e B g e e nui surene timee the .gnagnatnitdyLiinveornie„ll24: Scott's Whoa with " I t o areaitsk fo r squareD r. !Lange, w W lliam Lanabert," engraved on the green P stamp. RUPTURES.—BY ROYAL LI:TTIRg bsr_upwards of WHTE'S MOC-MAIN Liw. F . D P ATENT. y (rFTIFECTED AND EXHIBITED TRUSS XIIIBITIONS OF 1851 AND P 62), is ailow l ei GREAT Two Hundred Medical Gentlemen to t , e the nvention in the curative treatment 01 T I T effective life use of a steel spring, so often hurtful in its ...'s t i+ lt IA. .8 here avoided — a so ft banda g e bein g worn effects round the body, while the regnisite resistin g p ower is supplied by Moc-Main Pad and Patent Lever , fit tin g with so much' the ,nd closeness that it can not be detected, and ma y be 4e luring sleep. A descriptive c i rc ular ma y be had, " and the n truss, which cannot fail to fit, forwarded by post, on the cir mmference ;:f the body, two inches below the hips, bei ng sent to the manufacturer, Mr. WHITE, 228, Piccadilly. A Single Truss, 165., 215., 265. 6d., and 31s. 6d. Postage, ls. 1 Doublo Truss, 31s. 6d., 425., and 525. 6d. Postage, is Bd. 1n Umbilical Truss, 425. and 525. 6d. Postag,e, Is. 10d. Post-office Orders to be made payable to John White, Post .ffice, Piccadilly. NEW PATENT ELASTIC STOCKINGS, KNEE-CAPS, itc.. for Varicose Veins and all cases of Weakness and Swelling oi :he Legs, Sprains, Ms. They are porous, light in texture, and inexpensive, and are drawn on iiire an ordinary stocking. Price 4s. 6d., 7s. 6c1., 10s., to 160. eadi. Postage 6d. 49 TEN V6bnigg9tv9r, 2gt rig 9441111%. HEALTH OF LONDON. (From the .Registrar-General's Weekly Return) The mortality of London is still much in excess. In the week that ended last Saturday the deaths were 1,408, and showed hardly any decrease on the return of the previous week. The average number of deaths for the corresponding week in each of the last ten years-1853 62, after correction for in creasing population, was 1,286; and the return of last week was, therefore, greater by 122 than it wouid have been if the rate of mortality had been equal to the overage. The births were 555 more than the deaths. There were 65 deaths from small pox last week. The mortality from this disease, which rose considerably in the beginning of the present month, has varied little during the last three weeks. There were comparatively few deaths from it in the districts on the south side of the river. None were recorded in the week in the Holborn and Clerkenwell districts, and none in Shoreditch, Camberwell, Greenwich, or Lewisham. There were 7 deaths from smallpox in the district of St. George, Hanover. square, 6 in Westminster, 4 in St. Giles, 4in St. Botolph. I❑ a house, 12, Pell-street, St, George-in -the East, 7 persons are or have beer. suffering from smallpox. The registrar of the sub district (St. Mary) had been informed that it was particularly prevalent among German sugar-bakers and their families. There were 65 deaths from scarlatina (the same number as that of smallpox), 4 of which were in St. Botolph, and 9 in the district of Whitechapel. Measles was fatal in 58 cases, 10 of which occurred in Chelsea, 6 in the Trinity sub district of Newington. A woman died from typhus at 7, York-place, St. Marlin-in-the-Fields, and also another woman at 15, York-place. Mr. Leonard, surgeon and regis trar, states that these persons were sisters-in-law; that " the house, 15, Yolk-place, is the worst in the parish, and that he has sent six cases to the Fever Hospital from a room under the tiles." He adds, " I had to get out on the roof, cross the leads, and get through a hole about three feet square, the only means of ingress." Seven murders were registered in the week. Last week the births of 958 boys and 1,005 girls, in all 1,963, were registered in London. In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1853-62 the ave rage number (corrected) was 1,933. At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean height of the barometer in the week was 29.895 in. On the last two days the mean was above 30 in. Tt e reading fell to 29.52 in. on Wednesday, and rose to 30.25 in. on Friday. The mean temperature of the air in the week was 50.2 deg., which is 3 deg. above the average of the same week in 43 years (as determined by Mr. Glaisher). The lowest night temperature was 33.6 deg., on Sunday. The highest day temperature was 69.3 deg., on the following day. The range of temperature in the week was, there fore, 35.7 deg. The mean daily range wa3 24.6 deg. The highest reading of a thermometer in the d s a u iirffr n et o e ccurred on Su n d ay , an d was 106.4 deg. The eranpeeerbaeittwreeevinatshe7.m2 edaeng.dewT-hpeominetatnemd degree o temperature humidity of the air was 77, complete saturation on i n rr g h r u e r p s r d e a s y e represented b v y r d l a o y. 10 0. h h The w air wa s veryd n r e. y rally from th e south -Rest till Wednesday afternoon, after which it was in the north-west. Rain fell only to the hundredth part of an inch. The mean of the ,highest temperatures of the water of the Thames wag 66.1 deg.; and the 10 Watit was 63.0 deg. Another of those experiments which occasicnally yield such important results with regard not only to armour-plates, but to the still more difficult and important question of how best to support them from behind took place on Monday at Shoebury ness. This experiment was made by order of the Iron-plate Committee, all the members of which were present, together with many officers and others interested in the construction of armour-coated ships of war. The target flied at was constructed at the Mill wall Iron works from the designs of Mr. Chal mers, and, in addition to its other qual.fici.ticns, it pcsseseed the rare merit of havit g been built en tirely at its inventor's own expense--a most ucusual circumstance at Shocbury, where the crowd of in ventors and patentees seldom evince sufficient con fidence in the crotchets they compel the authorities to try to venture anything themselves towards the cost of the trial. The target was 13 feet long by 10 feet broad, faced externally with hammered armour-plates 34in. thick. Behind these were laid longitudinal teak beams 10in. wide by about sin. deep, a web or flange of wrought-iron tin. in thick ness passing between each beam, and being rivetted to a plate ltin. in thickness at the back. Behind this plate again came another pad of teak sin. thick, which rested against the skin of the ship—the same thickness as that of all our ironclads, .I,hs of an inch, and behind this were the usual upright beams or iron ribs of the vessel. Thus it will be seen that, though the target was apparentiy a light one from its external plates being only 34in. thick, yet in reality it had, after all, 4in. of iron in it, with 15in. of teak, exclusive of the longitudinal cellular iron webbing we have mentioned between the teak beams, which, though not nominally called upon to resist the shot, yet, in truth, aided the resistance enormously, by distributing the force of the con cussion and giving great stiffness to the whole structure. The Warrior broadside, it will be re collected, is formed of 44-in. iron and 18in. of teak, and the new vessels of the Minotaur class of sin. iron and 9in. of teak. The weight of the Warrior broadside per superficial foot is 3471 b., of the Minotaur 3801 b., and of the target used by Mr. Chalmers 369,b. The excess of weight of Mr. Chal mer's target over the Warrior is caused by the addi tional iron in the cellular webbing and back plating and its lightness; as compared to the Minotaur class, is due to the ribs at the back of all having less work to do, and being consequently lighter by nearly a third than those of any other armour ships yet built. The theory of the target was that its pecu liar arrangement of a cellular webbing between the teak and iron plate would obviate the evils that generally result from a backing compose d o f woo d only, such as " buckling" and penetration, and would guard against the equally injurious effects of vibration, which tell with such severity upon the fastening bolts. The plan of its construction had, therefore, been calculated to disperse over a large area the power or work that existed in the shot at the moment of impact, so as to give a very large surface of resistance by the time the concussion reached the inner lining of the ship's frame. Wo are bound to say that the result of the experiments on Monday showed that Mr. Chalmers had not been over-sanguine in the anticipations he expressed as to the powers of resistance of hie target. Though exposed for some hours to a very severe battering from guns of all kinds, it withstood the attack better than any target of the same comparative thickness that has yet been tried, not even excepting the first and most famous target of all—that of the Warrior. The trial to which this target was subjected was precisely similar to that heavy ordeal which the Warrior target had to go through on the occasion of its debut at Shoebury. The number of rounds fircd, the guns, charges, and missiles were pre cisely the same on both occasions ; but, as the tar get of Mr. Chalmers tried on Monday was nearly one-third smaller than that of the Warrior, the experiment was obviously more severe for the smaller target, as the fire had to be more concen trated. The experiments were to have commenced at half-past ten in the morning, and a ll was ready at that time, but th e wilful obstin acy o f the crews of two small bo a t s , w ho, in spite of some ad monitory 121 b. shots, addressed to them from the shore, persisted in k eep i ng in the li ne o f fi re till nearly 2 o'clock in th e d ay , pre vented anythi ng b eing done. In fact, the wh o l e d a y was very nea r ly b e i ng lost from this circumstance. It would be needless iteration to particularise the varied effects of all the 27 shots fired, when the experiments did at last commence. Suffice it, therefore, to say that the trials were gradually progressive in their attacking force from low charges, and shells filled with sand, up to solid 68-pounders, fired with the full service charges; 200-pounder solid cast-iron shot fired with low charges, then fired in salvoes of three at a time; and, lastly, simultaneous salvoes of three 110- pounders and two 68-pouuders fired with full charges and solid shot. The live shell and shell filled with sand, as usual, effected very little, nor did the 110- pounder with 101 b, charge, nor the 200-pounder with a 101 b. charge do much more. The lower armour plate of the three w hi c h c omposed the ta rget was decidedly inferio r t o th e tw o upperones, and crac k ed badly early in th e d ay , This, however, so obvi ous l y arose from a merely local defect as to be of no ac count in estimating the general merits of the target's method of construction. That these merits were neither few nor unimp or tant was soon seen. Th e method of fastening on the plates by 2,-in bolts, w i t h stepped conical heads and a square thread, con t rary to general expectation, seemed to work admirably. Partly from the resistance offered by these bolts, and partly from the force of the concussion itself being so deadened and distributed, there W as very little buckling out of the ends of the plates when struck even by the heaviest missiles. The dints in the armour plates made by the shot varied accord ing to the weight of the projectile when rifled, and in no case were much to speak of. The 68 -pounder, as usual, left a severe mark, in some instances nearly three inches deep. The salvoes of the two 68-poun ders and three 110's were a severe trial. The five shots were concentrated on one spot, and struck with a terrific crash, splintering themselves to frag ments, which went screaming back through the in fact—h ad, up to this time, yhexeoasfeahtihipnaet unde r any f i re depended, ind after eac h di scharge; f or air in all directions. The main sid e o f th e b ac ki ng ob — ne et theho e carefully skinih integrity e g o r f i t t fact, the success o s f ho th w e n c n o o ns s t ig ru n c o ti f o; ie o l f di t o h g e . target. some It th o f the small rivet-heads (which, in truth, were made too small) had been jumped off, with one or two small bolts, and there was a just and the back of the target perrhecaeedpc;trihbofloewuervdeer:ection of one or two ribs where s e i l g d o fi t r la ni a; it had ever been fired at. It great strains had come, but this was all. The armour of would altogether change this state inoh certain that the tremendous salvo we showed thought l did not. One of the armour bolts was struck and the head knocked off at the back, o h f av th e i s o p g o s k , and the ribs gave tokens of distress, but beyond this it was perfectly astonishing to see how well the target withstood the five ponderous missiles. The worst and meet dangerous parts of the programme e b n utit had been borne by the target with impunity, and as it was wished to see how the backing would break, if it could be broken, Mr. Chalmers was asked to permit the 300 -pounder rifled Armstrong, loaded with its formidable steel shot, to be used against it. To this trial Mr. Chalmers in the frankest manner at once consented, though he was as well aware as all others on the ground that by so doing he authorized the destruction of his target. The 300-pounder was accordingly loaded with a 451 b. charge, an d, 88 a matter of course, sent its completely through the target, projectile large and ragged hole, though not Id nearly so ragged as the same shot wou ,",ve made in passing through armour plates bacneu up by teak in the common fashion. This destructive 0119 t brought the experiments to a close for the present, the result of them being undoubtedly in favour of Mr. Chalmers's system of backing the plates, which is much superior to the plans adopted either with the Warrior class of vessels built, or the Minotaur class now building. Both Mr. Chalmers, however, and all the officers on the ground were of opinion at the close of the day that a slight alteration in the combination of the wood t.nd iron in the target would make its power are sistaneestill more foimidable than it had already shown itself to bo. This alteration consists in reduc• ing the thkkoess of the iron plate between the beams of teak by three-quarters of an inch, and adding the metal thus gained to a 32in. external plate, so as to bring the Later up to 43in. in thick ness. Such a change, it is confidently expected, would, without adding at all to the weight of the target, add nearly 25 or even 30 per cent. to its powers of resistance. At all events, it is conclusively estab lished that Mr. Chalmers's system of backing ar mour is one which requires to be attentively consi dered and examined with a view to the construction of future ironclads. It is lighter than the new iron frigate now building, it has been proved to be stronger, and its inventor claims that it is nearly 25 per cent. cheaper. The lightness and cheapness are, of course, most important considerations, which when superadded to the all-important one of in creased strength speak loudly in favour of a careful trial of the new plan. The public who peruse these accounts of what takes place at Shoeburyness may, perhaps, ask how it is that five and six inch armour plates are found so difficult to pierce with the most formidable Eng lish artillery fired at pointblank range, when almost every mail that comes to us from the West brings dismal records of how the Federal ironclads fighting batteries at long range have had their 52in. and 61in. iron turrets riddled like sieves. A few words will suffice to explain this apparent anomaly, and also enable our readers to understand how it was that the Federal armour-ships got so lamentably mauled at Charleston. The fact is that the plates used on the Federal gunboats are not solid iron —that is to say, not a single plate, but are built up to whatever thickness is required by bolting together separate plates of an inch thickness. The vessel thus plated has all the weight of the metal to carry, and receives scarcely any pro tection from the metal in return. A 5 inch armour plate flans built up is no match in power of resist ance for a single solid plate of two inches. In the English navy all the plates are solid, and the vessels of the Minotaur class, coated with 51- inches of solid metal, have been proved by actual test to be in finitely stronger than the Federal boats, some of which have their turrets coated - with so-called 15- inch plates. It is almost needless to say that no guns yet exists capable of sending its shot through 15 inches of solid well-made iron. Naval and Military Intelligence. THE NAVY. The Royal Oak, 35, 800-horse power, was com missioned at Chatham on Monday by Capt. Frede rick A. Campbell (September 13, 1854), formerly of the Neptune, 78, 500-horse power. The whole of the mechanics and artisans, several hundred in number, who have been employed on the Royal Oak ever since she has been undocked, quitted the vessel yes terday, and the only hands now engaged on board are a few labourers from the dockyard, and men frcm the steam reserve, who are employed in clean ing the ship before the crew joins. The Royal Oak is to have a complement of 650 officers and men, including Royal Marines and Alarine Artillery. Her crew, the greater part of whom have been for some time quartered at the Naval Barracks, will join to morrow. There is still a deal remaining to be done on board in the way of getting the ship ready for sea, and there is little probability of her quitting Chatham for at least a month to come. She has not yet taken on board her armament, which will consist of 11 of the 110-pounder naval Arm strong guns, and 24 of the 68 pounder smooth-bore cast-iron guns, each of 95cwt. She will carry her entire armament on her main deck, with the excel). tion of three of her pivot Armstrongs, which will be placed on her fighting deck. The iron screw frigate Tamar, 3, 500 horse power, which is ordered , to. be sent to Chatham dockyard from the private establishment on the Thames at which she has been built, is to be fitted to accom modate 900 troops, 80 officers, and a crew of 220 men. She is to be used exclusively as a troopship. The Revenge, 78, screw line-of-battle ship, Capt. C. Fellowes, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral R. Smart, K.H., sailed from Spithead, late on Monday evening, for the Mediterranean. On arriving at Malta Rear-Admiral Smart will hoist his flag as a vice-admiral on board the Marlborough, screw three-decker, as the successor of Vice-Admiral Sir W. Martin in the Mediterranean command. Rear- Admiral Hastings It. Yelverton, C. 8,, will hoist his flag on board the Revenge, as second in com mand in the Mediterranean, vice Rear-Admiral S. C. Dacres, C,8., appointed to the Channel fleet. The following is an extract from a private letter received from her Majesty's screw gunvessel Cygnet, Commander De Kantzow, dated at the Havannab, March 4 ;—" Last week we were cruising in the old Bahamas Channel, when two Federal men-of-war joined company, one firing a blank gun and the other a allotted gun across our bows. The com mander immediately went on board and demanded an apology, which was given. We have been cruis ing in the same quarter for the past seven months, but have taken no prizes yet. We, however, sal vaged a ship, and were awarded £l,OOO for our ser vices," A naval courtmartial assembled yesterday on board her Majesty's ship Victory at Portsmouth for the trial of Mr. George Green, chief engineer of her Majesty's steam vessel Geyser, on charges of drunkenness. The prisoner, who had 23 years' service, pleaded guilty, and the Court sentenced him to be dismissed from her Majesty's service. The screw three-decker Duke of Wellington is ordered to be commissioned by Capt. John Seccombe, at Portsmouth, as a depot ship"; for seamen, in lieu of the present depot ship, the screw two-decker Hannibal. The paddle steam sloop Geyser sailed from Ports mouth yesterday with a detachment of Royal Marine Artillery and Light Infantry for Devonport, for service on board the screw frigate Liverpool, com missioned at that port by Capt. It. Lambert. Capt. H. E. Edgell, C. 8., has been appointed Superintendent of the Royal Clarence Yard, vacant by the promotion of Capt. the Hon. G. Fowler Hastings, C.B. Capt. T. Fisher is to receive the Captain's good service pension, at the disposal of the First Lord of the Admiralty by the promotion of Capt. the Hon. G. F. Hastings, 0.8., to flag rank. Capt. Alfred P. Ryder, private secretary to the Duke of Somerset, was yesterday appointed to the office of Controller-General of the Coa st Guard, . the room of Capt. the Hon. Swynfen T. Carnegie, C. 8., promoted to flag rank. Capt. B. Hall, late of her Majesty's ship Termiga nt, succeeds Captain Ryder as private secretary t o the First Lor d. The following appointments were made yester day at the Admiralty : —Capt. J. O. Johnson, to the Pembroke, vice Capt. Fisher; Commander A fred J. Chatfield, to the Shannon ; Commander W. H. Annesley, to the Liverpool; Lieut. C. N. Hoare, to the Liverpool ; C. Campbell, Arthur W. Brabczon, Archibald W. Hamilton, Cecil G. Horne, G. M. Mensel, and J. H. T. Chowne, midshipman, to the Royal Oak; Henry M. Speer, mg., to the Liverpool; J. Trimble, assist-surg., to the Liverpool ; Dr. F. A. P. Rains, acting assist.-surg., to the Liverpool ; J. Roberts (a), acting chief engineer, to the Orontes ; W. C. Beck, engineer, to the Cambridge, for the Redwing; F. H.Hermann, engineer, to the Orontes; J. Blight, acting engineer, to the Indus, for the Gleaner I I. Ambler and T. Carline, first slags THE ARMY, On Monday a detachment of two officers and 16 rank and file left the camp at Colchester for the purpose of receiving rifle instruction at the 11ythe School of Musketry. The ( ffioers accomp , nyil g the detachment are Capt. Cleveland, of the 98th, and Licut. Safford, of the 9741 Regiments. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—AS the vessel of the American common wealth labours more and more heavily in the revo lutionary ocean on which, in an evil hour, she has embarked, the tendency to separation between her straining timbers becomes daily and I.ourly more manifest. Interesting and exciting as passing events may be, the future begins to occupy more of men' s minds than the present ; and while we hear nothing but the most frantic declarations that the Union must, shall, and will be preserved at the cost, if ne cessary, of the depopulation of half a continent, and the slavery of the other half, the actions of men are beginning to show how little confidence they repose in their own most solemn declarations. Of course, by the Constitution of the United States, that Go vernment to which everybody is so loudly profess ing unconditional loyalty has supreme power over foreign relations of the Republic, and it is only through it that foreign nations can be approached. Liverpool and Glasgow have exactly as much right to establish diplomatic or quasi diplomatic relations with France and Russia as Illinois or Michigan to open negotiations with the British Government. Yet this, or something very like it, has actually , been done. We have now before us a paper ad dressed to the Governor-General of Canada, signed by five influential citizens of Illinois, among whom we observe the name of Mr. Osborn, the President of the Illinois Central Railway, which looks ex ceedingly like an attempt to establish on a plausible basis the means of a regular diplomatic communica tion between the State and the Colony. We are the more strengthened in this conviction from the very earnest disclaimer with which the document ends. " We come," say those who sign it, "not intending to transcend the limits of our power, and care• fully avoiding the assumption of any other func tions of the Federal Government in its interna tional relations, but to present to the Provincial Government of Canada, and through it to the British Government, such facts concerning the vast resources of the North-Western States, their capacity for the pro'uction of the cereals ; and the difficulty of reaching tide water with their product, as will tend to the opening of direct trade between those States and Liverpool." The Commis sion must be delicate indeed which requires to be so expressly guarded. The authority is nothing less than an act of the Governor and Legislature of Illi nois authorising the Commissioners to proceed to Canada, and to England if necessary, in order to present statistics of the trade and productions of the North-Western States, and to solicit from those Governments early consideration and early action on the subject. The case is a wonderfully strong one, and though the fact of such a mission having been sent to enforce it might pass without observa tion in times less eventful than those in which we are living, the remarkable coincidence between this movement and the events which seem to prove that the North-West must give up for the future the hope of seeing the Mississippi again open to their commerce, seems to point to motives yet more ur gent than a mere wish to increase an already exist ing trade. The North-West, in fact, seems, however tardily, to be awakening to the real urgency of its situation. It has take n upon itself, with a gallantry Equal to its ill-fortune, the task of fighting the bat tle of the whole Confederacy. It has bled freely at every pore, without receiving any of the consolation which the public plunder has afforded to the fervid patriots of New York ; and the return which it re ceives for its gallantry and devotion is that it has alienated the South, who are its natural customers, without any hope of restoring that Union for which it has fought and bled. The North-West seems to have arrived at the conclusion that nettling but a ship canal which shall open the furthest extremities of Lake Huron and Lake Michigan can enable it to pour its produce on a scale commensurate with its abundance into the lap of Europe. The canals at present connecting the Lake States with the Atlanfc are small, shallow, and, though fit for lake craft, quite unsuited for sea-going vessels. The railway communication is entirely inadequate, and large quantities of Indian corn aro described as left in sheds, one of which was two miles long, by the side of the railways, from the harvest of one year to the harvest of the next, be cause the railway is unequal to the transport of so vast a mass of food. In 1861 the United States — which may for this purpose be considered to mean the North-Western States since the Eastern States consume more corn than they produce—imparted into England alone 2,507,744 quarters of wheat, 1,723,334 quarters of Indian corn, and 3,794,865 hundredweights of flour, the whole of which are computed to have been sold in England for £12,643,918. But this wheat, flour, and Indian corn was worth in Chicago only £4,817,567, so that the difference between the value at Chicago and the value in London is no less than £7,826,351. The freight from the North-West to Liverpool is, on wheat, one-half its price ; on flour, one-third ; and on Indian corn, seven-eights of its price. It is calculated that were a ship canal to be made, so as to allow direct communication, without transshipment, between Chicago and Liverpool, the grain mi g ht be brought to is market offi ne resop,position human sbmsfmaiol an n(p r yal roonoofonbrhcea hecatombs I 1 one-fourth t u o r n t :t h b of s its present price. But this :calculation, stupendous as it is, fails to give the least idea of what we may reasonably expect the future to be. The State of Illinois is the most thickly peopled of these regions, and yet even there only one-tenth of the arable land which it possesses is under cultivation. Its surface, naturally cleared, watered by noble rivers, and pos sessing the same rich quality of soil as that which made the deltas of the Nile, the Ganges, the Euphrates, and the Tigris, the seats of the earliest civilisation known to us, is capable of yielding through almost any number of years ten times its present amount of grain. In ordinary times such statements as these would fill the hearts of all patriotic Americans with joy and exultation. Their lot, has, indeed, fallen in pleasant places. They are the heirs of all ages, and have come in the fulness of time to reap a glorious inheritance, such as never fell to the lot of any . other people. Unfortunately, man has lent himself with almost unexampled perversity to mar . and destroy the blessings which nature tries in vain to shower upon him. It is proposed that the canal should be cut from Lake Huron to the Ottawa, and it is estimated that the expense on the canal, together with the deepening of the river, would amount to some £4,000,000. . But where is the money to come from ? It is not likely that Canada would contribute largely to suchi inte rested object—first, because she is only incidentally . r e st e d in being its tbe producerth the personsand consumers secondly, because a long course of ex . tr . av n al a wII i g e l; - : waste has reduced Canada to . a on her own showing, ing to any object, however ncisr a i we re c apital for beneficial. In England thereldsout a al tar less brilliant any undertaking w hich he_ s how e than e h hv u ae t n ; the u satisfaction, i more . ex . ten . ding their dominion that England shouldnerica must no . hope to enjoy e asi n g l f ma e n tl a lli Y nc e gi: - In- t oel l r: excitement of civil war and the e such y a prospect, purpose.a y a , i n tn 0 blessings of peg e • demons of strife and w ar, she must comee...ii bent on restoring the u • It the Union, at What English company will be to the mouth of the Mississippi, let them abide by their election, and give . up as worse than hopeless the chance of carrying their trade down the waters of is rr h a: : e s absorbed things aren t so he evident s i n gl e f t r h a e n S tic . L e a n a n y u re g n b ce to . sink its in land capital awhere thought . . of how to alienate, to ruin, and to exter• that we cannot believe the men of Illinois would every tn lat e have opened negotiations on the subject had they intended to stay exactly as they are. The very whatever r t a h t t l e e i vs:rrine price, and a t : ll : d i tact of their insisting so loudly on the necessity of further openings for their produce seems to show that, whatever may be the case in New York, there is on the still peaceful plains of the West a disposition to look with no unfriendly . . eye . o t n . the restoration of peace upon the . basis . of e l x r is to ing boundaries and rights. It is very singular a_ ..om find that while in the East the estrangement f. greater every day, England is growing greater and to this country. desire in the West to . draw . closer . s of tendencies These aro the first .faint indilcatiaonrominent part which may be destined to p ay e p They conc ern in the history of tbe pt n u r r ;war, and point to i ._ England, as a great America that estrangement seems to be couuterbalauced by a hyeerts jel°f Itcbwfo snhci httegher contribute b t HERALD.—The great difficulty in tis e t s a t e e r l e n Pwohwi which r l le satisfactory solution of the mainPolishql , stion, w tl a ie yofa °b s n w iu i s t t h , impede any reeociat ions of the W l o i i r e of h t Russia,he insurgents visionary nature of the claim?_ e w . l : reconstitution of set forward, and less t ,:l h o an i which they a re deter minedexisted before the first livla :n ti g itio as n, t h t e h y ey dr i e h a e m m the od kingdom ' of Poland, es it o s themselves l the ve s not to accept. arc raising up a barrier them the moral support oflctili ze i u ? st alierate from Though the dismemberment of l 'ol ,uropean Powers. crime of the deepest dye, yet it is and in 1792 he a or less a fait accompli than thea scarcely more so, r a lnk:i.ation of the D u chy of Len eine by ' France but viously, in 176(3. We can neither t he lit'N ; 7 yetas P: " nor in the other proceed to retrace the eur onefi case lion of European countries es they were hsfors; u t r i a ; time of Frederick the Great. The restoration o f Poland within its ancient linii!s would not he prze tic.ble. Any of the several maps of Poland e-stely published enables one at a glance to refresh the me mory; and to see distinctly what the Pales den - lard; and we think the same glance will convince all but the most advanced Liberals that their claims are of the most Utopian nature. They would take from Prussia not merely what is now called the province of Posen, but the whole of the ancient duchy, extending as far as the Baltic, and embracing most of the coast line of the Gulf of Dantzie, thus not only depriving her of one-fourth of her dominions, but completely dividing East Prussia from its sister provinces. To all this territory there is not the slightest doubt that the Poles can show the strictest title in law, but as a Statute of Limitations applies in questions of pri vate right, so it must obtain in the affairs of nations. An undisturbed possession of nearly a century has given Prussia, as a kingdom, right which it would ill become most of the continental Powers of Europe to dispute, and has effected such material charges, net only in the ownership of property, but in the race and language of the inhabitants, that its re union to Poland would be no less an injustice than was its original severance. From Russia Poland claims a territory of four times the extent of the "kingdom" known to the Treaty of Vienne. The Poles insist on ignoring that Lithuania and Little Russia are Russian provinces ; that the peasantry — the great balk of the population—isnot Polish, but Russian in race, religion, and in the sympathy which naturally springs from these two powerful connect ing links; that the soil has only been appropriated by Polish landowners in defiance of the first article of the compact entered into when Lithuania and Poland were united by a family alliance b e t ween their respective Sovereigns ; and that during the period that ensued Western Russia was subjected to Polish rule by no other right than that of con quest, by no other law than that of force. There is not an atrocity which has left its stain on the his tory of Nicholas to which the parallel cannot be found in the cruelties of the Polish Kings on their Russian subjects. The persecution of the Latin religion by the Czars would find its match in the bloody annals of the suffering Greek Church, which contributed its victims to the stake as lately as the beginning of the last century. If Nicholas deprived the Poles of all political freedom, it was a Polish Diet which reduced by one edict every Cossack of the Ukraine to a state of absolute slavery, and pro voked that insurrection under Sollars, which ended in the living impalement of its chief. We do not wish to muster up in long array the crimes and cruelties of Polish conquerors against the coneuered Russians with any view of striking a balance be tween the two accounts. We wish only to remind our readers that the tenure by which Poland held Lithuania and Volhynia, from its first absorption to its ultimate reconquest by Russia, was the tenure of the sword. So long as Poland asserts claims to this large portion of Russian territory she herself is her own greatest enemy. The Emperor Alexander would give the most favourable consideration to any propositions emanating from the Western Powers on behalf of Poland proper; he would spontane ously long ago have still further extended the liberal institutions of which we have ira a former article given a faint outline, if it were not self evident that any such grants would produce the very opposite effect to that contemplated. Instead of satisfying the Poles, it would only stimulate them to attempt to make good their pretensions to Russian soil. Any real power he might bestow on them, such as the sight of granting supplies and determining the levies of troops, would be putting weapons into the hands of a bitter enemy, wh o would most certainly use them to gain those ulte rior objects which they do not hesitate to profess without disguise. The kingdom of Treaty P oland is not a wince of strength, but an inherent cause of weakness to Russia. The disaffection of the nobility h Polis . i s an element of calculation in every lii.!4iibi combination against her. Apart from the 1 claims of justice and equity, she would gladly eon ; sent to a considerable sacrifice to be relieved of a constant drain on her resources and a perpetual clog to her internal development and progress. But whilst the Poles not only privately foster but openly profess their determination to recover their usurped dominion over Russian provinces, whilst every concession of power would be giving them a locus standi, and a handle which they would not fail to use against the interests of Russia as a native, neither can the Emperor Alexander grant, nor the Powers of Europe reasonably claim from him, such concession. This is not merely a question of go vernment and of diplomacy. There is a strong public opinion in Russia, a public opinion which the free institutions the Czar has introdhisuced throughout the lergth and breadth of do minions renders capable of asserting itself. That public opinion has long bean favourabole_ to the recognition of the real rig that the the f Poland. It is in anonaccon: with it ower, Czar, unsolicited by y foreign self-govern mentphas so largely developed the system f ° of in the kingdom, removed many restrictions the censorship, encouraged and endowed the Na tional Church, founded seminaries for the education of Catholic and United Greek priests, has estab lished secular schools of all degrees, has aga in thrown open the gates of the University of Cracow, has filled the offices of the civil administration with Polish functionaries, and, in a word, wit hin the limits of the kingdom, has favoured in every pos sible degree the development of the Polish na tionality. But the moment the Poles assert claims to any part of territory, in whatever light we view it, really Russian, that current of public opinion which no monarch in the nineteenth century cen neglect if he would, sets equal l y strong against_ them. It is not only from the Provincial Diets of the Russian nobles and from t he munieipolities of the towns that the strongest addresses have been presented to the Czar, but the working classes,_ ar is e peasants emancipated by his beneficent polioeevh..,„ rushed in thousands to publicly testify thel f ! o d zl e al T in ! readiness to oppose any attack on the 1 10,0004 working tegrity. We have seen at Moscov_eo,o,,a there men assembled for that purpose._ I basirc 0 1 " been the is scarcely a village whose oheuerech dernonStratiOn B in scene of one of those religious which public feeling de Russia and Poland. have been formed, thronged bY h i ts to manifest itself in d e lights ereligious processions * hum shrines of the • an d the _ . suppliants offering f their arms up prayers for the success 0 . against 'what foreign attack, So they consider a_long as e nts keep their ey es f the insurg fixed on the realisation of an impossible future, S as they couple the cause of their 'O long own freedom w ith the pretensions to exer cise over Russian provinces, they usurped power possibility of their own not only ba r an y sueet - sQ 1, avert any Practical sym . -, -ut they must cause. pato) , of Europe from their le and character lefinal upon Prince h been is every where decision of the Queen expressed that a right choice has D . Al t u e :;;; I v s. Ti have a monumenthat in the Alemorial Cross we herrince Consort has an end, the work will be co . of the memorial of the M a j esty ' s pleasure to all classes of har in harmony at once with subjects. cac i t ve" The opinion of the public stEhiolattletshseilllavyiirntgueofolt. hNlei eo e rfw r o II: n a i g n dh d al t ipo w enr i s t oo h nf ati t h h ei a t ntirp, ofr memorialitih the made, and shall the national thatrrieadll forward is at t lamented Prince. unnecessary delay. It has been o dee v m ar e d d wifil l ould be a public and ceremonious act. Such au office belongs by pre eminent right to the Qut.ctr, the memory to be perpetuated than as the hest representative of the feelings of the nation, and we have reason to believe that before the summer is a far advanced we shall see th e Q ueen coming forwrd and associating herself with wi the c ourtry in this sacred duty. We t think hat thout trespassing' on that perfect liberty of the Queen which pu blic opinion would never permit to be infringed, we may express the respectful but earnest ho r p k a new pe p e that the er formsnee of this a ct of piety ma . i(d iu the Queen's public life, and that her Meqcsty, having once more met her people, will not again withdraw herself into Eeclusion, but remain thence. forward among them as aforetimc to countenate.o their social life, and receive the testimonies of their constant affection. I m porting T ea without colour on the leef pr e , u dteß. t hi' li c im h rn ines aeripassing off inforior leaved LIB in th e imusl k s Tea is uncoloured, tboripEorti l 4 it i ( - ` 4l s pvvd 0 44#, eld in packets by 2A60 agents. vents