The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-03 00:00:00

G OUNOD'S FAU S T at the CRYSTAL PALACE on WEDNESDAY NEXT. CRYSTAL PALACE.—The Directors have the gratification to announce that they have made arrange ments with the Lessee of Her Majesty's Theatre for a RECITAL PERFORMANCE n the Great Orchestra in the Centre Transept, of the Music of M. Gounod's FAUST, on WEDNESDAY NI. XC, August 5, by the same eminent Artistes who have pertormed it at that Theatre with so much success, Margherita Marta - . . Mdlle. Taccani Siebel Mdlle. Trebelli Mephistopheles ........ Signor Gassier Valentin Wagner Sig - nor Bossi and Faust Signor Giuglini. Chorus of Soldiers, Citizens, Students, Women, &c. Conductor—Signor Arditi. Performance to commence at Three o'clock. The terms of admission will remain as at previous Con certs, viz., Guinea Season Ticket-holders, Free ; Non-Season Ticket-holders, Five Shillings ; or, by t ckets purchased before the day, Half-a-Crown. Numbered Reserved Stalls, Half-a-Crown extra, arranged in Blocks as at the Handel Festival. Note.—The demand for Reserved Stalls has already been so great that the Directors can only reiterate that those visitors who desire Stalls for this specially attractive and pleasing performance, should purchase them without delay. LAST DAYS for HALF-A-CROWN ADMIS SION TICKETS for Wednesday, THIS DAY, and TO-MORROW ; on sale at the usual Agents, at the Crystal ralace, and at 2, Exeter Hall. T ITIENS and GIUGLINI at the FAUST RECITAL NEXT WEDNESDAY. CRYSTAL PALACE.-FAUST, WEDNES DAY NEXT. TTALF-A•CROWN TICKETS for WEDNES- I_ DAY NEXT may be had of the following agents : Addison, Regent-street ; Bubb, 167, New Bond-street ; Chap pell, New Bond-street ; Cock, New Bond-- treet ; Cramer, Beale, and Co., 201, Regent-street ; Duff and Hodgson, 65, Oxford-street; Williams and Lloyd, 29, Moorg,ate-street ; Gray and Warren, Croydon ; Hammond (late Jullien's), 214, Regent -street ; Hookham, Old Bond-street ; Hopwood, 42, New Bond-street ; Keith, 48, Cheapside ; Letts. 8, Reyal Exchange ; Marratt, 63, King William-street, E.C.; Mead and Powell, 73, Cheapside ; Mitchell, 33, Old Bond-street ; Moutrie, Baker-street ; 011ivier, 19, Old Bond-street ; Sam's, 1, St. James's-street; Westerton, 2U, St, George's-place, Knightsbridge. Remittances for tickets, if by post-office orders, to be made on the General Post-office, payable to George Grove, Secre tary to the Company. RIGHT HON. LORD JOHN JAMES MANNERS, M.P.—Who Shot his Dog ?—Diplomacy cone—in FUN this week, One Penny. THE DUKE'S MOTTO. HUNDR A. \U SIXTY-NINTH NIGHT. and Last Six Nights of the present Season. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE, Under the Sole Management of Mr. PECHTER. Last Six Nights of the present Season. _ . THIS EVENING, to commence with an Original Sketch, entitled A SUDDEN ATTACK. Messrs. Shore, Garden, H Widdicomb, Mss Henrade, and Mrs. Lee. After which, at a Quarter -past Eight, the Romantic Drama, in Three Acts, and Prplogue, entitled THE DUKE'S SIOTTO, by Paul Feval and John Brougham. The principal character will be sustained by Mr. Pechter, supported by Messrs. J. G. Shore, G Jordan, J. Brougham, H. o iddi )ombe, F. Charles, Garden, Raymond, Dawson ; Misses Carlotta Leclercq, Kate Terry, K. l.avenue, and Elsworthy. Doors open at 7, commence at half-past. Actinz-Manager, Mr. H. Barnett. OY A L PRINCFSS'S THEATRE Sole Lee and Manager, Mr. G. Vining. Last Two Nigh ts of the Season, THIS EVENING, at Eight o'clock, Shakespere's Play of ROMEO AND JULIET. Romeo, Mr. Walter '•tontgomery; Me rcutio, Mr. G. Vining ; Friar Lawrence, Mr. 11. Marston ; Apothecary, Mr. Relmore ; The Nurse, Mrs. H. Marston ; Juliet, Mdlle. Stella Colas. To be preceded by A CHARMING PAIR. NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHL- Sole Pronrietor and Manager. M. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, THE IRISH TIGER. ---- After which, at Eight o'clock, a new drama, entitled THE HAUNTED MAN ; OR, T ,tE GHOST'S BARGAIN, in which will be exhibited Professor Pepper's adaptatton of the Great Spectral Illusion. Messrs. J. L. Toole, R. Phillips, Sefton, C. J. Smith; Mrs. Alfred Mellon and Miss H. Simms. Followed by a new Burlesque, entitled ILL-TREAT ED TROVATORE. Messrs. Toole, P. Bedford, R. Phillips, Ebnrne, C. J. Smith, Romer ; the Sisters Nelson, Carry a nd Sara, and Miss K. Kelly. Commence at 7. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE Manager, Mr. W. H. Swanborough. TO-NIGHT WHILE THERE'S LIFE THERE'S HOPE, Messrs. W. H. Swanborough, Parselle, Vollaire, G. Honey Misses Ada Swanborough, L. Thorne, F. Hughes, Manders, and E. Button. Followed by (15th time) THE MOTTO, "I'M ALL THERE." Messrs. Honey, Turner, E. Danvers, Collier, Clifton ; Mesdames Ada Swanborough, F. Josephs, Maria Simpson, Wallace, and Jenny White. To conclude with KEEP YOUR TEMPER. Commence at 7. r HE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN,' Containing the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE can be had Every Evening of G. R. GLENIE, NEWS AGE/CT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. The Weather--Sun Office, Aug. 3, 1863. THERM 03f ETER. This morning This day at Two o'clock 76 Barometer-30.02. Wind—South ; with cloudy weather. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, 4h. 35m.—Afternoon, 4h. 56m. To-monnow.-Morning, sh. 20m.—Afternoon, sh. 41ro. 4.t , 'egg LONDON, MONDAY, AUGUST 3, 1863. - - - The Federal successes recently reported appear, upon a re-examination of them, to be, after all, hardly so very satisfactory. Two or three circumstances now brought to light by these last advices received per the Asia, via Roche's Point, seem to intimate far more plainly than any mere words could do that the tranquil recrossing of the Potomac, from Maryland into Virginia, by General LEE'S army, bag and baggage, foot, horse, and artillery, is looked upoe, alike at Washington and at the head-quarters of General MEADE, as equivalent to something very like a success achieved by the Confederates ! These two exceedingly significant circumstances being simply the tendering of his resignation by the Federal Commander-in-Chief, and the Federal Government's declining to receive it ! The sequel to LEE'S recrossing of the Potomac, is remarkable, indeed, in several particulars. For inasmuch, for example, as simultaneously with this offer of resig nation on the part of his chief antagonist, the re puted author of his late so-called discomfiture, there c ome distinct threateuings of an intention on the part of the Confederate Commander-in-Chief to venture yet o nce more across the recrossed river—back again into Maryland ! That in effect is the most startlin g fragment of intelligence now brought to us from th e America American seat of war. It promises a total revers a l of the state of things recently de scribed th ere between the main armies of the belligerents. I t es promise of a complete turn ing of the tabl es, and that, m orecver , a t th e very moment when any suc h ariticipat turningd of the tabl es cou ld h a ve been least of these last rumours The wonderful part as to General LEE'S intention to cross back again into at the very time when they are bei ng th a t rife at New York and at Washington, where they are regarded quite as reliabl e Federal army under MEADE um . eurs, th e to have bodily crossed over, in imagine': known of LEE, from Maryland into Virgini a . • TheT"efetia ra t e army all the while, from its position auedfrom - its most recent movements, indicating th e aripossi bility of its being pursued. Pursuit being only practicable in reference to an enemy in retreat whereas the Confederates turn out ncf to be retiring (as was lately reported of them) in the direction of Culpepper. It will be remembered that the state ment conveyed to England by the last advices froLn America ran to the effect that General LEE was rapid'y retiring with Lie whole army upon Culpep per. Instead of which the Confederate Commander in-Chief is yet in strong force on the Upper Poto mac, between Berkley and Jefferson —his position extending from a little to the north of Williamsport down to Harper's Ferry or thereabouts. So total a miscalculation, in effect, has it been of late on the part of the Federal pursuers (!) of these anything but " retiring " Confederates, that a body of tne Federal Cavalry, which had indiscreetly advanced in the direction of Winchester, only discovered their mistake to find themselves surrounded, ccAting their way out, and beating a hasty re treat, as best they could, under the circumstances. The transposition of things bet - mem the main forces of the confronting belligerents,—the Confede rates being placed, as we have intimated, in the Upper Potomac, and the Federals, on the contrary, rather perillously, to the south-east, of the Blue Ridge Mountains—this total transporition of things there between the principal belligerents, serves to explain, or at any rate to render c omprehensible, what were otherwise quite inexplicable, if examined merely by the light of earlier tidings, namely, first of all, the proffered resignation of his command by General MEADE, and, directly after the announce ment of that most surprising step on the part of a reputed victor, the formidable threatening by General LEE of the immediate return of the Con federate main army into Maryland! The truth, in point of fact, comes out thus rather oddly, to the ffect—that the successes about which there has been lately so much bounce and vapouring among the Federals, from the PRESIDENT downwards, turn out to be very little if anything of successes, at any rate to be very equivocal successes after all. The Federal advances have been all of a sudden interrupted. The pas de charge is no longer beaten upon the Federal drums. On the contrary, the sounds coming to us, across the At lantic, from the Federal camp, opening and closing these latest scenes, shall we say in the Fifth Act of this direful tragedy of the American War, are like the sounds indicated by the old stage direc tions in the opening and closing of the latest scenes of the fifth acts of some of the historic plays of SilmisPEßE—" Flourish of trumpets," those were especially audible, it may be remembered, in the late Serenade of Mr. President LINCOLN! And " Alarms," exceedingly audible these latter in the resignation proffered by the Federal Commander in -Chief, and in the threatened recrossing of the Potomac, back again into Maryland, by the Con federate Commander-in-Chief. One consideration-- perhaps the most startling of all—must press just now heavily upon the Federal authorities, both military and governmental—namely, that unless the main army under MEADE retreats soon in its turn, or, at the very least, acts there with the utmost possible caution, west of the Potomac, south of the Blue Ridge, its flank may be assailed by the Con federates and Washington itself uncovered ! Of all remediable evils one of the most striking and urgent in its demand upon public attention is the mortality at present existing among our troops in India. The State is in a measure answerable for the lives of all its subjects ; it is bound to see that they are protected from violence and from de leterious influences which can be removed by its authority. But it assumes an especial responsibi lity with regard to those whom it takes into its own service, after ascertaining that they are in good health and free from disease, transporting them suddenly into a foreign country where the climate, the ways of life, and risks to health and life, are altogether different. When we are told that men in India die at the rate of sixty in a thousand per annum, that every three years the Indian army is comparatively renewed, it is certainly high time to inquire into the causes of such a rate of mortality. The requisite information has recently been given to the public in the shape of the report of the commission appointed to inquire into this matter, and it leads us, while lamenting over the many valuable lives needlessly sacrificed hitherto, to hope that for the future the risks to life in England and India may be put more upon a level. The situa tion and construction of the barracks is, of course, one prominent feature in the changes recommended. The sites of those at present in use are often most unfortunate, while they are ill-drained, ill-ventilated, and ill supplied with water. We have heard of the barracks at Madras which stood positively on the shores yrt were surrounded by a wall so high that the rate of sickness and mortality inside was alarming. Sir CHARLES had the wall lowered, and increased the number of doors and windows, to the immediate benefit of the inmates. Such in stances, while showing that the climate of India is not answerable for all the sins laid to its charge, proves in the most melancholy and convincing manner how greatly we have slighted the common laws of phy siology in a land where certainly men cannot afford to truffle with their health. Men might languish and die for want of fresh air in our own country, as unhappily they too often do in our crowded factories and workshops. If a dead wall is built round a large establishment apparently for the very purpose of keeping out the sea breezes, we need nor wonder at the baneful effects. Madras is, at the best, an unhealthy place, and there is no reason why the most salubrious spots possible should not be selected for our troops. Thanks to the improved means of communication we need no longer fear to station them upon the hills, from whence the electric telegraph and the train could bring them at short notice when the lines are in working order, The regiments could be removed from one spot to another so as not to expose the men continuously to the bad effects of an insalubrious locality. The evidence proves that 58 out of the 67 per 1,000 who die yearly in India, die from the fatal zymotic diseases which are engendered by the combination of three evil influences—heat, moisture, and decay ing vegetation. The only cure for the first is to select the most favourable spots possible for the construction of barracks, the fullest and freest ven tilation, and the selection of the dress, food, and customs most adapted for the climate, The mois ture is of course to be cured by drainage, and the removal of the soldiers from the low marshy ground where they are now too often located. The effects of decaying vegetation should sure l y b e espe cially guarded against in a climate which the most thoughtless and ignorant must pereeive renders the evil so great, The supply of a sufficient quantity of good water is an other indispensable reform which will be more easily carried out when the canal and irrigation works are extended. The plentiful use of cold water should be encouraged among the men, instead of hindered, as at present, by all sorts of obstacles. Then again, it is a question whether the rations given the sol dier are altogether suited to the climate, and it has been wisely suggested that the young recruits going out to India should not be supplied with spirits on shipboard, as spirit drinking is one of those habits which India renders dangerous. It would be well if a little more pains were taken to show the 111 whet they must do and what they mast avoid if they would retain their health. They are mostly entir ely ignorant--how should they be otherwise I' —of the pla n o f life they should follow, and the youn g recruit will probably b u y hi s exper i ence dearly enough in an attack s timacpkleorfali e l l s n for ess t t h h e a g t u i i n d j a u n s e s him for l i f e . i f a few of the soldi ers were freely circulated among them they would b e a bl e to understandb the reason of any of their custom ary indulgene s lt i cing forbidd en or fresh regulations en f orced. while for trouble and expense to be taken. worth Every life lost in India is a costly l oss to the seern:ee a bove this is the moral o bli gat i on. England has no right to send her men to another sa untry t o die of preventible causes—she must no longer send them into known and open danger without taking the smallest precaution against it. It is in truth , rather in ignorance than in wilfulness that our authorities have erred, but this can no longer be our excuse, and we trust before many months have passed away (he aspect of affairs in our Indian army will be altogether altered. Closely connected with the bill of the Lord Chan cellor for a certification of our statute law is the subject of legal education. When once we have succeeded, as we trust we shall ultimately succeed, in reducing the pleadings and practice of our courts to a single intelligible and practical code, embrac ing common law, equitable and ecclesiastical juris diction, and having for its object the solution in its most genera' terms of the general problem how to separate le.w from fact, and to state the questions of either which arise for the decision of the court, it is obvious that the substantive law of the land will receive a consideration and attract a study which has hitherto been denied to it. Heretofore so compli cated have been, and still are, the rules and princi pres which direct the conduct of a suit, and the manner of stating the case of either party, that they have occupied the attention of the practitioner, if not to the exclusion, yet in some degree to the neglect, of the systematic study of the law itself. Now, during the last 30 years much has been done to sweep away those abominations which in the course of centuries had crept into our courts both of law and equity. But still very much more yet remains to be done, and it is not to be denied that when these distracting and disturbing causes shall have been removed the spirit of inquiry and improvement which is now monopolised in the consideration of the procedure of the Courts will find its natural field in the amelioration of the law itself. We shall then no longer be content with a law founded on obsolete principles, whose very origin is founded on curious antiquarian r-search, and whose absurdities, when applied to the views and transactions of modern times, are remedied by arbitrary exceptions, alterations, and qualifications, introduced to meet the expediency of the moment without the slightest reference to symmetry or coherence. The law will have to be recast into a science resting not on his. torical but on ethical principles; not on dark feudal maxims, but on the dictates of an enlightened jurisprudence. It therefore becomes extremely im portant to ask, where is the machinery in this country for carrying out a legal education which shad qualify our rising lawyers for the noble but laborious field of enterprise which undoubtedly awaits them ? We may put the question more broadly and ask what machinery does there exist in this country fur imparting any legal education at all. We have learned societies possessing the monopoly of the bar, and able to annex what conditions they please to the attainment of the rank of barrister-at law. Any one who should peruse the names of the grave and learned persons who preside over these societies, or who wander through their spacious halls, their noble libraries, and their quiet gardens, will of course suppose that not only is the character of advocate reserved to crown the labours of the successful, but that it is the pride and delight of the benchers of the inns of court to organise and superintend a system by which the thorny paths of the law may be made accessible, and industry and talent conducted at a moderate expense, and with speed and certainty, through every stage of legal proficiency. Alas ! such an observer would little appreciate the functions which claim the exclusive attention of these learned bodies. To receive the rent of a certain number of chambers, to receive the fees of a certain number of calls to the bar, and to eat excellent dinners, are vocations so engrossing that they have no time for legal education. In the year 1852, eleven years ago, the year after our first International Exhibition, when all the world was wild with progress and advance ment, the Inns of Court made it compulsory en and after Trinity Term in the above-named year to all students who should not then have kept more than four terms, either to undergo an examination, or else to attend a year's lectures during four consecutive terms. But even this small and niggardly instal ment of that legal education for which the Inns of Court are debtors to the public has been regarded by those who gave it in no friendly spirit, and has not as yet been folio wed up by any attempt to found a school in which law may be thoroughly and sys tematically taught in all its branches and under all ita aspects, practical, antiquarian, and ethical. We fear that the power which is destined to supply this mighty void in our educational system is to be sought elsewhere. The business of toe Inns of Court is to give the degree of barrister, leaving the person who seeks it to judge of his own fitness, or to assume it if he choose with the consciousness of it. Thus the legal profession is choked with useless mem bers, who seek access to it without the slighest inten tion of practising, but merely to give their friends an excuse for placing them in situations requiring a knowledge of the law which they have never learned, but to the knowledge of which, by the gross neglect of their trust, the Inns of Court have permitted them to make pretension. Those students, on the other hand, who wish to become not only barristers but lawyers, have only the melancholy choice of either embarking without chart or compass oa the vast ocean of law on which the keels of their pre decessors leave no track, and possibly losing a year or two in misdirected studies, or of placing them selves at a heavy expense in the chambers of a pleader or conveyancer to begin at the wrong end, by applying to the emergencies of practice the prin ciples of a science they have never learnt. This proceeding is about as reasonable as if we should call on a student in divinity to preach a sermon be fore he has read the Bible, or in medicine to perform an operation before he has learnt the use of the in struments and the position of the arteries. Yet this is positively the only legal education we possess (as far as the four Inns of Court are concerned), and it is only wonderful that with no better assistance the standard of legal acquirements is preserved. It is not the etiquette of the profession to teach or learn law in any other way. And though:the Inns of Court are full of young men both able and willing to teach, any attempt to form classes and to facilitate and to cheapen the introduction into rudiments of law, has been discountenanced by professional etiquette, and would be opposed by the xis inertia of the Inns of Court. Not only do these learned bodies do next to nothing themselves for legal education, but as every attempt to supply their deficiencies is an implied and very forcible censure of their scandalous re missness and inertness, their conduct and example operate as a strong discou ragement to e ff orts to organise legal education in any other quarter. The day will assuredly come when an account of their stewardship will be demanded from those learned societies, when it will be asked what use they have made of their splendid position, as keep ing the key of an enligh tened and honourable pre f essn of ,towards who carrying out the object fo r th e pur pose was entrusted to them, t h e o la pw er diffusion of legal knowledge, and the ascertainment of fitness for the trust which every advocate takes upon himself. It will be found that they have done nothing beyond keeping enormous taverns and bartering the degrees, with the distribution of which they - were intrusted, in exchange:for fees and compulsory dinners. They have been rigid about eating but careless about learning, strict about money but negligent about knowledge, lavish to the stomach but niggards to the mind. If the degree of barrister is meant to convey no notion of legal acquirements, and implies no standard of profes sional fitness, it is a mere absurdity. If it does, the Inns of Court, by conferring it with so little care betray their trust. It will not do for them to point to the many illustrious men they have produced, and say, " Behold the fruit of our system !" These men were produced in spite of the system. They gave themselves that education which the Inns of Court ought to have provided and adorned them with merit, towards the pro duction of which they have done nothing. Law Reform draws after it as a necessary concomitant, the demand for legal education—an education not restricted to mere technical knowledge, but treating law as a literal science, reducible to true principles, pointing out its shortcomings and anticipating its improvements. It will be happy for the Inns of Court if they take the initiative in this necessary work. As efficient seats of legal education they might hope for an existence co extensive with that of law itself; but if they neglect this opportunity, and suffer legal education to pass into other hands, they cannot hope to retain their position at the head of a profession whose honours they assume to distribute, while they renounce all control or interest in its studies or requirements. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) RUSSIA. FREEDOM OF THE CROWN PEASANTS. BERLIN, AUGUST 3. Intelligence received here from St. Petersburg to the Ist inst. states that the Emperor of Russia has issued a ukase, declaring free landholders the two million peasants who are tenants of the Crown domains and appanages. ST. PETERSBURG, AUG. 2. A despatch has been published from Prince Gortschakoff to Councillor de Knorring, charge d'affiires at Vienna, on the 27th ult., with regard to the Note of Count Rechberg of the 12th. The despatch expresses surprise to find that Count Rechberg has hinted the possibility of Russia enter• taining a reservation, and proceeds " If this view of the subject has been put forward by Count Rechberg from a desire to remove all idea of a separate agreement, which might be judged incompatible with the engagements con tracted by Austria, and with the point of departure with which she connects her measures, let us hasten to bear witness that no agreement whatever has taken place between her and ourselves upon the subject of the late overtures. We have deduced no approbation from the Austrian Note of the 18th of June, and have anticipated her refusal of a Con ference. We have not dreamt of establishing any assimilation between Galicia and Poland, but tradi tion, precedents, and the assistance received by the insurgents from Galicia, attest their common inte rests, and show the necessity of an understanding between the three Northern Courts. " The proposition for a Conference was conceived in a friendly spirit, in conformity with the relations and interests of the two Courts, and we should reject any different interpretation." The despatch terminates with an expression o Prince Gortachakoff's regret that the Note of Count Rechberg presages a different impression. ...,......,...... POET II G A L. LISBON, JULY 30. (Per the Magdalena.) The royal family continues to reside at Mafra. The state of the Queen's health is very satisfactory. The King and the Due de Penthievre are to-day on board the Portuguese war steamer Modell°, which is practising her artillery. The Duc de Pent hievre, who has been staying on a visit to the Kings leaves shortly for New York on board the American war frigate Macedonia, which has arrived here. It is said that the King intends to open the Agricultural Exhibition at Braga. The reported resignation of the Bishop of Oporto is unfounded. There is every pro bability that the Mini s t ers w ill not r e n e w the presen t tob acco contract, and that the commerce in thi s article w ill be thrown open, The Government are p rosecu ting the Company formed for supPlYing Lisbon with wa t er, f or b reach of contract. The G soovo c rn e n m t e o n s t has purchased on account of the Crown rein in the P or t uguese funds, e 0 f with the proceeds of . the diamonds recently sold. The sale was effected in Lisbon to the agent of a French house. The misunderstanding between the Government and the representatives of Senor Salaraarca con tinues. The lost section of the line of railway from Crato to the Spanish frontier continues closed to traffic by order of the Government surveyors. The Viscountess de Cartacho is dead. T in Li s b on f or the survivors of theh The wreck subscription oh Cataloni an h as b een closed, and amounts to £2 OO . te The keels have been laid at the Royal Arsenal of two new co rvettes, to be na me d D u k e of Palmella and Duke do Terceira. The vine disease continues to be developed. Rentes, 481. Coupons, 48Z. Exchange on Lon don, 528. Hamburg, 48. Bank of f pt o 9 r o tu d g a a y l s. shares,Pndis, 535. Bank of Oporto 54 a shares, 252. - (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) LISBON, Wednesday, July 29. In the Gazeta de Portugal we observe a deeply interesting and recently completed report of the Commission charged, as far back as 1860, to inquire into the question of the Enfants Trouves, the Foundlings. From this report it unahappily appears that the mortality among illegitimate children amounts, in various quarters, to no less than 80 per cent. And this in spite of the fact that 2,200,000 francs are expended by the State in sup port of the interests of the poor Foundlings. The commission recommends, in its report, certain new measures of supervision, together with the more direct interference of the administrative au thorities and of the levies in aid of those who cannot unhappily contribute to the support of their illegitimate offspring. This new authorisation, however, would be carried on simultaneously with the continuance of the Found ling establishments already in existence, as asylums for those poor human waifs and strays—though without the continuance of the old system of the bell and turn-table, a system found to offer too great facilities for indiscriminate admissions. Upon this head, however, the Portuguese Government intimates that it asks the advice of the Prefects, with a view, of course, to the confirmation of its own judgment through the aid of a more extended experience. The temperature is described by the Gazeta as cooler than it had been. The capital is beginning to the t in ou n a t l r r y e a fromfur rdy their the late summer, withdrawal o r o t visitors early autumn u t u i nto holidays. Extraordinary inspectors of the public schools, intended to go all over the country upon a tour of examination, have recently been appointed by the Government. THE BRAZIL MAILS. SOUTHAMPTON, AUG. 3. The Royal Mail Company's steamship Magda ena, Captain Robert Woolward, with dates from Buenos Ayres, June 27; Monte Video, June 30; Rio de Janeiro, July 9 ; Bahia, July 13 ; Pernam buco, July 15; St. Vincent, July 22; and Lisbon, July 30, has arrived here. She brings 124 passengers, and landed 119 at Lisbon, and £15,788 in specie; jewellery value £BO, 4 packages of diamonds, and a general cargo, con sisting of 300 rolls tobacco, 100 barrels tapioca, 50 Herons ipecacuanha, 23 cases plants, 87 bales cotton, 232 boxes apples, 46 boxes pears, and 147 packages sundries. PERNAMBUCO, JULY 15. The Confederate steamer Georgia, Maury com• mander, captured the American ship City of Bath, 736 tons, W. J. Cooper, master, on the 28th June, in lat. 20.30, south, long. 29.30, west, off the desert island of Trinidad, belonging to Brazil. This vesse was from Callao, with a cargo of guano on French account, bound for Antwerp ; the master being com pelled to give a ransom bond for 20,000 dols., the vessel was allowed to proceed on her voyage. The Georgia bad taken the American ship Con stitution (on 25th June), with 1,300 tons coals from Philadelphia, bound for Shanghai, and was dis charging the coal for the purpose of fitting out the ship as a cruiser ; also the ship Good Hope, released on giving ransom, and the Deserter burned. The Vanderbilt has proceeded to Trinidad. The American ship Samuel Robertson, 421 tons, Hunter, master, which vessel put in here 15th June on her voyage from New Bedford to Honolulu, having been condemned, was sold by auction for 8,040 rs. The bark Respigadera, of and from Liverpool, for Callao, was wrecked off Cape Tres Puntas, o❑ the south-east coast of America, in lat. 47.8 south, and crew eseaped in three boats. The master, James Joss, and six of the crew, had arrived at Buenos Ayres. The jolly boat and gig, with seven others, were lost sight of, and had not been heard of by those who had reached Buenos Ayres. Vessels spoken by the Magdalena—July 14, in lat. 10.47 S,, long. 36.15 W., the French mail steamer, going south ; 17th, lat. 2.57 long. 31.10 W., the English bark Montezuma, from Glasgow for Valparaiso, 40 days out ; 21st, lat. 13.27 N., long. 26.17 W., the outward mail steamer Oneida; 26th, lat. 27.58 N., long. 19 W., the Bremen ship Willey, steering south. Political affairs are unsettled in the River Plate Republics, General Penaloza, the great demagogue of Rioja, held supreme power in the second city of the Republic, Cordova. The Northern Railway was opened as far as Los Olivas. Business dull at Buenos Ayres, and money tight. Rain had fallen at last, and the pasture lands were again in good condition. Exchange on England, 665. to 665. 6d. ; on France, 83f. to 838 f Doubloons, 459 doll. paper currency each. Rio coffee-market inactive. Sales from the Bth of June to the 7th of July, 58,840 bags, of which 20,500 for the States, 34,900 for the Channel, 960 for the Mediterranean, and 2,480 for the Cape of Good Hope. Quotations :—Superior, washed and pulped, 8,000 to 8,700 ; 7,400 to 7,500 ; first good, 7,100 to 7,300; first ordinary, 6,900 to 7,000; se cond, 6,400 to 6,800. No sales of hides ; stock, 8,200, held at 220 to 260 rs. Exchange on London, 268 to 27d. ; Paris 353 to 356. At Bahia exchange transactions unimportant, mostly passing at 27d., an later a few thousands at 26;d. Coeton, 19,5000; sales few. Little cof f ee at market, and selling at 5,800 to 6,000. No sales os cocoa ; holders demand 3,700 to 3,800, FRANCE. FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT. PARIS, Monday, August 3. A very telling article appears in L' Union of this morning apropos to the recent expatiation by La France upon its famous thesis, or theory, as it might be called, in regard to the probable "Isola tion of Russia." Any isolaton of that kind being scouted by L' Union as nothing less than a sterile and peurile chimera! Speaking of the Mexican war, L' Union ex claims :—" Catholicism ! monarchy ! Behold, the immense benefits of which France can now insure the enjoyment to Mexico! Behold, the inestimable price she can draw from her victory ! France, in truth, has no other policy than this to pursue there, that is in the sense of the Mexican expedition. That of conqueat would be ruinous ; that of retreat insensate. That on the contrary is the constituting henceforth in Mexico of a free and Catholic Royalty is the only honourable and fruitful policy that France can dream of carrying out there ! Prince Metternich, says the Pays, has returned from Trouville to Paris, in order to receive the last instructions from the Viennese Cabinet on the subject of the accordant policy of the three Powers. Referring to the late military events in Poland, L'Opinion Nationale of to-day remarks that those events show incontestably that Russia is now re ceiving check upon check. Le Constitutionnel contains a very biting reply to La Presse dubbed by Le Constitutionnel the avowed advocate of the Russian Government. While sarcastically congratulating the Govern. ment of the Autocrat upon having in M. Girardin so conciliatory a champion among Russian journalists, Le Constztutionnel say , with an ineffable sneer at La Presse, it Would have been better for Prince Gortachakoff to ha ve found one a trifle more concise, more logical, and more inventive I Le Siecle wittily remarks that the solicitude of the Press in behalf of Poland increases in proportion to the delays or slowness of diplomacy. SPAIN., (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) MADRID, August 1. We can state confidently that the Spanish trans lation of M. Renan's insidiously beautiful but Pagan Vie de Jesus has been prohibited from ap pearing by the Spanish Government. According to a commuication from La Granja, published in the .Epoca, her Majesty Queen Isa bella is now in the fourth month of her pregnancy. TEE RHAMSIN.—This is the name of a wind peculiar to Egypt, and which blows for 50 days together, between Easter and Whitsuntide. M. Gregoire, a member of the Egyptian Institute, has recently made it the subject of a very interesting paper. Ineenvenient to men and hurtful to animals, this wind is particularly noxi ous to plants. Under the influence of its burning blast the leaves wither, the flowers fade, and the fruit suddenly. stopped in its development, dries up before it can get ripe The atmosphere is filled with a large quantity of sand of the desert, which will sometimes bury whole caravans under the shifting hillocks it forms ; on the contrary, the sand brought into Egypt by the Rhamsin is an almost implac • able powder, which will penetrate into any place, no matter how carefully closed, even into a watch-case, This explains the opacity of the atmosphere, the elevation of the tempera ture, and dryness of the air during the prevalence of this wind. M. Gregoire points out the principal losses occasioned by this wind. Those kinds of fruit which have a kernel never ripen, when exposed to it during the first pe riod of their development. It is also extremely pernicious to silk-growers; for when it blowsstrongabout theperiod when the silkworms cast their skins for the last time about one half of the worms die, But the greatest loss occasioned by this wind is the destruction of the corn harvest in the fol lowing way :—Every ear of corn is found in the morning covered with small dew-drops adhering to each grain; their globular form causes them to act the part of convex leaves, which, concentrating the luminous rays of the sun upon the young grain, produce an elevation of temperature which not only destroys the seed but the young plant, which, though green a few hours before, withers up, and must be cut down after exposure to the action described. To avoid this misfortune M. Gregoire proposes to reap the corn be fore it is completely ripe, a practice which is generally fol lowed in the South of France. Bulwer Lytton's " Strange Story," in French, forms the 580th to the 585th volumes of the " Bibliotheque Choisie," published at Naumburg, LITERATURE, Romola. By George Elliot, author of " Adam Bede." 3 vols. Smith and Elder. We do not expect that "Romola" will be as widely read or as generally admired as "Adam Bede" or " The Mill on the Floss." The historical epoch selected for the story is not of itself one likely to be a popular favourite. The intrigues and animosities of the Florentines of the 15th century, the heart-burnings of the Mediceans on the death of their great chief, the " Magnificent" Lorenzo, the passionate philippics of the enthusiast Savonarola, alternate intervals of popular excitement and de pression, revolting instances of individual treachery, and terrible but well-merited retribution—such scenes and such characters, admirably well described though they be, are not themes most attractive to the novel-reader, and such are the contents of the greater portion of these volumes of " Romola." The domestic story with which the political events are interwoven is very remarkable as an evidence of the writer's wonderful power in the development of character. Tito Melema, the Greek hero—gay, handsome, fascinating, eager to enjoy the pleasure of the hour, winning all hearts, or rather attracting all admiration, and yet in the pursuit of his own plea sure forgetful of every claim of gratitude or duty—is a masterpiece. He begins his career by one fatal error, and step by step is led on till he becomes the very embodiment of treachery and falsehood. The gradual development of the seeds of evil in the fertile ground of that unprincipled heart is admir ably well described. When we first behold Tito asleep in the public thoroughfare, exhausted with the perils of his recent escape from shipwreck, when he rises at the summons of the itinerant Bratto and falls into the friendly hands of the benevolent barber, Nello—the very prince of gossips and of barbers ! we do not foresee that we shall hereafter look upon him with loathing, and turn from him with indignation. We pity his youth and his mis fortunes—we are charmed with his gaiety and his good humour, and we sympathise heartily with the open welcome accorded to him on all hands by the nobles and scholars of Florence. Tito Melema has escaped from shipwreck, his only property being some rare and valuable gems. These he disposes of to great advantage, and is told, according to a phrase of the day, they are worth "a man's ransom !" At this unwary remark he startles, and then we learn the secret of his history. His foster father, the protector of his youth, BaldassarreCalvo,the scholar, to whom he owes his education and his great scholarship —to whom, in fact, he owes everything, and who is the real owner of the gems in Tito's pos session, had been the companion of his voyage, but was carried off a prisoner, while the .younger Tito escaped. " A man's ransom !" suggests to fito that the price of the gems, the property of Baldassarre, should be devoted to his ransom from captivity, if, as in all probability is the case, he is a prisoner at Antioch, The duty on the one side is obvious, but on the other hand the temptation is strong. Tito is just becoming popular at Florence ; an influential position is in his grasp. He is a welcome guest in the studio of old Bardi, and the charms of the fair Romola Bardi have not failed to impress his suscep tible heart. Tito puts off the evil day of decision. At last the money is in his hand, and a prudent friend offers to invest it for him. Then comes the struggle. It is the turning point of his career. " Behold this day, I have set before thee good and evil!" The conflict of his mind is so powerfully because so naturally described, that we cannot do better than transcribe the passage " Far in the backward vista of his remembered life, when he was only seven years old, Baldassarre had rescued him from blows, had taken him to a home that seemed like opened paradise, where there was sweet food and soothing caresses, all had on Baldassarre's knee ; and from that time till the hour they had parted, Tito had been the one centre of Baldassarre's fatherly cares. " And he had been docile, pliable, quick of apprehension, ready to acquire : a very bright lovely boy, a youth of even splendid grace, who seemed quite without vices, as if that beautiful form represented a vitality so exquisitely poised and balanced that it could know no uneasy desires, no un rest—a radiant presence for a lonely man to have won for himself. If he were silent when his father expected some response, still he did not look moody ; if he declined some labour—why, he flung himself down with such a charming, half-smiling, half-pleading air, that the pleasure of looking at him made amends to one who had watched his growth with a sense of claim and possession —the curves of Tito's mouth had ineffable good humour in them. And then, the quick talent to which everything came readily, from philo sophic systems to the rhymes of a street ballad caught up at a hearing 1 Would any one have said that Tito had not made a rich return to his benefactor, or that his gratitude and affection would fail on any great demand ? " He did not admit that his gratitude had failed; but it was not certain that Baldassarre was in slavery, not certain that he was living. "'Do I not owe something to myself ?' said Tito, in wardly, with a slight movement of his shoulders, the first he had made since he had turned to look down at the florins. ' Before I quit everything, and incur again all the risks of which I am even now weary, I must at least have a reasonable hope. Am Ito spend my life in a wandering search ? I believe he is dead. Cennini was right about my florins : I will place them in his hands to-morrow,' " When, the next morning, Tito put this determination into act he had chosen his colour in the game, and had given an inevitable bent to his wishes. He had made it impossible that he should not from henceforth desire it to be the truth that his father was dead ; impossible that he should not be tempted to baseness rather than that the pre cise facts of his conduct should not remain for ever con- cealed. " 'Under every guilty secret there is hidden a brood of guilty wishes, whoseunwholesome infecting life is cherished by the darkness. The contaminating effect of deeds often lies less in the commission than in the consequent adjust ment of our desires-4-the enlistment of our self-interest on the side of falsity; as, on the other hand, the purifying in fluence of public confession springs from the fact, that by it the hope in lies is for ever swept away, and the soul recovers the noble attitude of simplicity. " Besides, in this first distinct colloquy with himself the ideas which had previously been scattered and interrupted had now concentrated themselves : the little rills of selfish ness had united and made a channel, so that they could never again meet with the same resistance. Hitherto Tito had left in vague indecision the question whether with the means in his power, he would not return and ascertain his father's fate : ho had now made a definite excuse to himself for not taking that course—he had avowed to himself a choice which he would have been ashamed to avow to others, and which would have made him ashamed in the resurgent presence of his father. But the inward shame, the reflex of that outward law which the great heart of mankind makes for every individual man, a reflex which will exist even in the absence of the sympathetic impulses that need no law, but rush to the deed of fidelity and pity as inevitably as the brute mother shields her yourg from the attack of the here ditary enemy—that inward shame was showing its blushes in Tito's determined assertion to himself that his father was dead, or that at least search was hopeless." Onward and downward the career of Tito Melema is rapid enough. When Baldassarre, at length escaped from prison, arrives at Florence, his adopted child does not dare to confess his own iniquity, and denounces the friend and protector of his youth as an impostor and a madman ! Fortune favours Tito, but happiness, we need hardly say, does not attend him. Very different is the gay adventurer of the first volume from the treacherous coward of the concluding chapters. " Falsehood,' remarks the faithful historian of his despicable career, "had prospered and waxed strong, but it had nourished the twin life Fear." Turn we now to a more noble and attractive character—Romola, the faithful daughter of the old blind scholar Bardi. Here is the first glimpse we have of her, in a chapter entitled THE BLIND STUDENT AND HIS DAUGHTER " The voice came from the farther end of a long, spacious room, surrounded with shelves, on which books and anti quities were arranged in scrupulous order. Here and there, on separate stands in front of the shelves, were placed a beautiful feminine torso ; a headless statue, with an up lifted muscular arm wielding a bladeless sword, rounded, dimpled, infantine limbs severed from the trunk, inviting the lips to kiss the cold marble : some well-preserved Roman busts, and two or three vases of Magna Orecia. A large tabla in the centre was covered with antique bronze lamps and small vessels in dark pottery. The colour of these objects was chiefly pale or sombre: the vellum bind. ings, with their deep• ridged backs, gave little relief to the marble, livid with long burial—the once splendid patch of carpet at the farther end of the room had long been worn to dimness ; the dark bronzes wanted sunlight upon them to bring out their tinge of green, and the sun was not yet high enough to send gleams of brightness through the nar • row windows that looked on the Via do' Bardi. "The only spot of bright colour in the room was made by the hair of a tall maiden of 17 or 18, who was standing before a carved leggio, or reading-desk, such as is often seen in the choirs of Italian churches. The hair was of a red dish gold colour, enriched by an unbroken small ripple, such as may be seen iu the sunset clouds on grandest autumnal evenings. It was confined by a black fillet above Ler small ears, from which it rippled forward again, and made a natural veil for her neck above her square -cut gown of black rocia, or serge. Her eyes Were bent on a large volume placed before her : one long white hand rested o the reading-desk, and the other clasped the back of her father's chair. " The blind father sat with uplifted head and turned a little aside towards his daughter, as if he were looking at her. His delicate paleness, set off by the black velvet cap which surmounted his:drooping white hair, made all the more per ceptible the likeness between his aged features and those of the young maiden, whose cheeks were also without any tinge of the rose, There was the same refinement of brow and nostril in both, counterbalanced by a full though firm mouth and powerful chin, which gave an expression of proud tenacity and latent impetuousness : an expression carried out in the backward poise of the girl's head, and the grand line of her neck and shoulders. It was a type of face which one could not venture to say whether it would inspire love or only that unwilling admiration which is mixed with dread : the question must be decided by the eyes, which often seem charged with a more direct message from the soul. But the eyes of the father had long been silent, and the eyes of the daughter were bent on the Latin pages of Politian's Miscellanea from which she was reading aloud." Itomola's character acquires depth and strength before our eyes, as with interest we follow her tale of suffering. At first a studious girl, ignorant of the world as Miranda on i er island, then a loving, suffering woman, shrinking with natural dread from the heavy burden imposed upon her. Very effective is the scene where she flies from her un happy home at Florence, and is arrested by the way-side by the warning voice of Savonarola. " My daughter," exclaims the impassioned preacher, in words of truthful eloquence that convince and convert the unhappy Romola, " my daughter, every bond of your life is a debt ; the right lies in the payment of that debt ; it can lie nowhere else. In vain would you wander over the earth, you will be nowhere at peace." Romola returns, and in the pursuit of duty finds the only alleviation to he painful lot. We will not dwell further upon her history. It will be read with a very vivid interest by many who will be indifferent to the political chapters. The opening description of the dawn is very felicitous : " More than three centuries and a half ago, in the mid spring of 1492, we are sure that the angel of the dawn, as he travelled with broad slow wing from the Levant to the Pillars of Hercules, and from the summits of the Caucasus across all the snowy Alpine ridges to the dark nakedness of the Western isles, saw nearly the same outline of firm land and unstable sea—saw the same great mountain shadows on the same valleys as he has seen to-day--saw olive mounts, and pine forests, and the broad plains, green with young corn or rain-freshened grass—saw the domes and spires of cities rising by the river sides or mingled with the sedge-like masts on the many-carved sea coast, in the same spots where they rise to-day. And as the faint light of his course pierced into the dwellings of men, it fell, as now, on the rosy warmth of nestling children; on the haggard waking of sorrow and sickness; on the hasty up rising of the hard-handed labourer; and on the late sleep of the night-student, who had been questioning the stars or the sages, or his own soul, for that hidden knowledge which would break through the barrier of man's brief life, and show its dark path, that seemed to bend no whither, to be an arc in an immeasurable circle of light and glory. The great river courses which have shaped the lives of men have hardly changed ; and those other streams, the life currents that ebb and flow in human hearts, pulsate to the same great needs, the same great loves and terrors. As our thought follows close in the slow wake of the dawn, we are impressed with the broad sameness of the human lot, which never alters in the main headings of its history— hunger and labour, seed-time and harvest, love and death." The moral of the story enforced by Ramola's ad vice to the youthful Lillo in the concluding chapter is a most noble one• The author of "Adam Bede" has done wisely and well in employing great intellectual gifts in the development of a high principle—to exhibit the fatal effect of a selfish seeking of our own pleasure contrasted with the happy results of a noble performance of our duty to our fellow-men; For this lesson apart from its high literary merits " Romola" is entitled to admiration and approval. THE WEATHER AND THE CROPS. TO TIIE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sir,—July has been all that could be desired for agri cultural purposes. The hay crop has been secured in better condition than has been known for many years. The corn harvest has commenced, the wheat reported almost every where to look well, with promise of abundance. We have in this month experienced temperature equal to the average of our summers, bat on the other hand we have had greater cold than has been hitherto known in July. Our average mean temperature of July is 61 deg,, in 1852 it was 63 deg., in 1857 63 deg, and in 1859, 64 deg. This year it was only 591 deg. The day registers ex ceeded 80 deg. on four occasions, culminating at 83 deg. on the 10th; the appreciable summer readings in the day time were, however, followed by rapid decline of heat. The nights were very cold . 14 registered under 45 deg. On the 19th the register receded to 36.3 deg., being the lowest for July here on record. In some parts the cold was much greater, declining to 30 deg., or 2 deg. below freezing point, in the neighbourhood of Reading. (Times, July 21.) For the reasons reiterated in my letter June 27 the mean temperature of July was, like June, below the average of former years. The month just closed was the finest of any July on record in this locality. Twenty-six days had complete im munity from rain, and the total quantity collected did not amount to an inch. My prediction, however, pointed to mean temperature only, and the reasons were stipulated in my letters of June 17 and 27.—1 am, sir, your obedient servant, THOMAS L. PLANT, Member of the British Meteorological Society. Camp. hill, Birmingham, July 31, 1863. Destruction of the Jersey Theatre by Fire. JERSEY, Friday. The Theatre Royal, Crescent, was totally destroyed by a fire which was discovered about 4 o'clock this morning. From information obtained through the best channels, it appears that the theatre was closed on Friday night last, on the completion of an engagement which Miss Emma Stan ley had entered into with Mr. Charles Harrison, the lessee and manager, whose company was performing in Guern sey ; but as it was to be re-opened by Mr. Harrison on Monday next, with Mr. G. V. Brooke and Miss A. Jones, the necessary preparations were on the eve of being made. Mr. and Mrs. Harrison, with the members of their com pany, returned to Jersey yesterday, and it was arranged that the whole of the luggage of the company should be removed from the packet to the theatre, where the com pany were to go for it in the evening. Many did so, and had it carried off to their own apartments. The whole of what Mr. and Mrs. Harrison had, however (including even their private wardrobes), was allowed to remain, with the intention of removing it this morning. About 4 o'clock this morning the theatre was discovered to be on fire. Two engines were speedily on the spot, and two others from the garrison, manned by a heavy escort of the Royal Artillery, accompanied by detachments of the 61st Regiment, who kept back the crowd, which by this time had become immense. A messenger had communicated the sad tidings to Mr. Harrison at his private residence, and that gentleman, who was accompanied by Mrs. Harri son, was also on the spot. Colonel de Rinzy, the Deputy Lieut.-Governor, Colonel Redmond, and most of the other officers in garrison, arrived early and greatly exerted them selves. Extraordinary exertions were made to subdue the flames, but to little purpose, as the only supply of water was obtained from the adjoining houses. The adjacent property was with difficulty rendered secure, and by nine o'clock the fire had literally burnt itself out, all' hopes of saving anything but the outside walls having been given up at least a couple of hours before. The ruins continued smouldering up to this evening. The origin of the fire is a mystery. The theatre belonged to a company, who built it at a cost of about £5,000. It was a fine building, of the Doric style of architecture, and was insured for £l,OOO only, a sum far short of repairing one half of the damage done. Mr. Harrison, the lessee and manager, is a loser to a truly lamentable extent, for although the value of the sta tionary property is partially covered by an insurance of £2OO, his loss will amount to between £6OO and £7OO, Much sympathy has already been expressed for Mr. and Mrs. Harrison, and there can bo little doubt it will take a practical form. THE PARKS AND THE SUNDAY BANDS.—Music, flowers, and the sculptor's art have added yearly to the attractions of the public parks, converting them from the mere grass plots of our ancestors' time into pleasure gardens of no mean order; nor is Government the sole agent in effecting this beneficial change. Miss Burdett Coutts' munificent gift of the large fountain in Victoria park has been followed by a public-spirited gardener in the north-west of London, transferring that portion of the Regent's -park facing the Colosseum, and on the west aide of the Broad-walk, into a garden of the highest style of Italian art. This he has done at his own expense, and in consequence of the approbation bestowed on it by the public, he has obtained permission to lay out the east side of the Broad-walk to correspond. The conductors of the Sunday bands movement claim also to be regarded as public bene factors, for though but working men themselves, quitting their avocations on the Saturday, they may be seen every Sunday ut the band season devoting their energies to tho self imposed and unrewarded labour which they believe to elevationbefobrrothueghttoits ordinary of thei r own terminationorder. The ei g hth s eason was yesterday evening, with fine weather and large audiences; the programme wag extended until darkness was stealing over the scene. An extra performance is announced for Sunday next, when the bands will give their services in aid of the fund for the o r " mencement of the season 1864, 'HE c 1863