The Sun. — London, England, 1854-02-09 00:00:00

lies, cer ar of the dressed ed. The -year are of being Govern livno, is and two ie fez is winter, rid snow. e allow- •ee pairs ;en worn ier from re hard, y's time. ee years, !tiler one ' Reform [ to the which is want of a gives nothing treat de- Ling into tvalry in hort and ; the s rather but from itinople ; al of the ped this, proper Lvity, the -zi Bushi working ments of in of na lecidedly he heavy ik sheep xpenters e tinmen greatest and un 3re very larangos f are now informed :arriages ions are 3tantino is oast at dge from d shown than the shrapnel L or neg- 7, every nee of a 1 Turkish 'y the in- ) Mor n- Llafat of dug the infor it Kala- you on complete guns on I by their tory was o that of after the p on the that they thought in a fair of the Russians Ls beaten loss, by Le Turks .ng night ian rein- At parties .ances, it Isition to o, that a ley there repose. )nduct of avalry in cer corn 3d. The ,eing the übt, has- Russian. rs started. them to insported. e cavalry did not. we been y proved lilts pre firelocks at quan ; streets ; nce then for the rith fire a's ante y officer, different Dltenitza m- of St. number ted and an force ning of dead -3r again front; of late loss to nine- ri ma nu unity to t of the part-ion itioci fo' his sol vith his wy con ulna nd, sho: rtly 1. ' Che ersta nd, imila rlyr eir caps: ks have befo re )s from•. Vlife.. )th par inf or ce- 3, h ave' !rt tily 'dim ally own: the ;o back . he 'bet-- nd and. so , - that. him 3nt, IS SI; 012 t b) ,kes ni, irtai inlir 3ide red'. is, i it is• Tu a; bad bee a n stic' am th a 'gains. t y will t .1 Ire of NC, 38 at A, 000, To jowe.r albsural gonerail. acrozo:: 'robin g nece a to of it enen iy endir ig imbe rs at tl le undo tr. )entr: t- 3 hay a con_ ent is. 1 7urk/ e pro-' la .rds, ~_~- kit discharge. The method, then, of accounting for the position of the wounds may be fairly considered illusory. Achmet Pacha is about to be superseded in his /I "lroand at Kalafat by Mehemet Pacha—Musheer ( c P e d Marsh a 1 ) , w ho was formerly am bassador at the Court of St. James's. His cha racter will be better row. to the habitués of town t han to those of Widdin. Will therefore be unnecessary to detail that which has Preceded him on his journey to the seat of war. One ag appears certain that he has never seen any service, but this in Turkey is no bar whatever to a commander -13-chief. Achmet Pacha was precisely in the same po "tion before his maiden essay at Citate. The more ttialate a person gets with Tu rke y and its internal ' l mb the more difficult it is to understand how matters go on at all. The Paellas sit and receive vi- Il t° l l the greater portion of th e da y , and never appear nave anything to do. A secreta r y brin g s in a letter 4: tcasionally, which his Excellency signs with his 141 , which he carries carefully attached to his person in a little gold net-work bag. The re is no organised com -lisoariat department, and yet the soldiers do not want 11 for food—they are better fed than soldiers in Europe. The commander-in-chief has literally no staff about him, * leapt a few aides-de-camp, who act the part of couriers and messengers, and yet troops are moved hither and 'ether—they are supplied with food at the villages Where they encamp. It is equally imp ossible to discover that there is any corps of officers at the head of the ord race department for the supply of ammunition, and hitherto no want of that sine qua no fight has been ex perienced. " Widdin, the town immediately opposite Kalafat, doubtless ought to be described by a correspondent Writing from the seat of war. But to say anything new about it, as compared with any other Turkish fortified 4.. t4 wn0, is no easy task. As mentioned in a former let it has a double enceinte of fortification of little strength, which would require a small army to garrison tßetween the inner and outer line is a faubourg, in lilted by Bulgarians and others, not Turks. The Chris tians may have shops in the interior if they p lease but they , 4 re not permitted to reside there. The number of houses In the town and faubourg is—Turkish, 1,500 ; Christian, 1 ,250 ; Jewish, 360 ; and, allowing five persons to each la house as an average, the populationwould amount La 16,660. The latter class appear w to be more favoured, or trusted perhaps, than the Christians, for many of them reside in the fortr ess itself. They are, like the Jews of every other part of the globe, keen after 'the Biller.' It is curious to see the jars, &c., of an apothe eary's shop labelled iu good old Hebrew letters. The tfebrew, however, is not their languag,- of conversation, for they all speak Spanish. Those of Smyrna, Salonica, and other large towns on the sea coast, speak the same language ; but hitherto it has been impossible to pro cure any explanation of this very curious phenomenon. When did they come from Spain ? and why did they leave that country I are questions which, as there hap pens to be no circulating library at Widdin, it is not easy to reply to." THE POLISH LEGION. Before embarking at Marseilles for Constanti nople, General Wysocki, who will take command of the Polish legion in Turkey, issued the following address to the Polish emigration : " MARSEILLES, Dec. 20, 1.853.—1 n honouring me with your confidence, you authorised me to put myself in com munication, and to treat with the Turkish Government for the formation of a Polish legion. " Before entering the vessel which is to convey me to Constantinople, I feel it a duty to expose to you my views and ideas upon the object of my mission. The blood, the life, of every Pole belong exclusively to Poland. We are not, therefore, allowed to sacrifice them, unless by so doing We can give life to our hopes, and turn them to the advan tage of the national cause. a To us Poles it is quite clear that the safety of Turkey, and as a consequence that of the West, can only be assured by the existence of Poland, free and independent. Poland alone can form a barrier, shielding not only Turkey but the civilisation of the West against the encroachments of the barbarians. The Turkish Government is beginning to ba convinced of the truth of this assertion. The first o,ject of my mission will be to strengthen and enlarge that con viction, as well with the Turkish Government as with the People. Once convinced that their cause is intimately bOilnd up with the cause of Poland, the Turkish Govern ment will readily find means and the most efficacious Measures to protect our interests in common. " Ow of those means is the formation of a Polish legion in Turkey, where elements exist ready to hand, easy to be called into action. But the legion must be assembled un der the Polish standard, under the banner and watchword of our forefathers; for only by fighting for the independence of Poland—only by appearing in a national character, can we arouse thoso patriotic sentiments in the hearts of our brethren who, under a Russian uniform, have not ceased to fight earnestly for Poland. On this path alone to We all render importan t services as well to our ally as 1,0 our country. Any other line of action would be un- 'Worthy of Poles. "To obtain from the Turkish Government the formation of such a legion is the second and last object of my present 741 88i0n. I could not within the limits of this letter—and it would be superfluous —explain to you what principles will be my guide in the ye a rse well as in my future action ; mp past life and twenty y spent in the same path offer you sufficient guarantee. " You will e asily understand that, leaving with such a mission for Constantinople, I shall have obstacles to co - tend against, and that many months may elapse bef eve shall be understood, before they will grant us what we as k. " It is for this reason that I beg of you, and entreat you, not to leave France be fore y ou receive a positive invitation from me. By a premat ure arrival in Turkey, you would be hurtful instead of beneficial to our cause. " You will receive all communications from me through the intermedium of my friend, with whom I have laboured and still continue to labour, and with whom I sha ll kee p 'Op a continual communi ta,tion, and who remains for the present in France. _ " Be patient, then, and hold yourselv es in readiness. The desired moment will perhaps arrive sooner than we hope, and then, I am sure, you will rally round the Polish flag, to shed your last drop of blood for our beloved country. " Patience and hope; our cause is sacred, and God will aid us." NEW RUSSIAN PRAYER. The new form of prayer recently introduced into the Danubian Principalities by the Russian autho rities has a strong political colouring. It has been translated into the Romanic language, and thou sands of copies distributed among the people. After a general supplication for all Orthodox believers, for the holy and unerring Synod and the clergy, comes a special prayer for the most pious Autocrat, the Grand Master (frlarele-Donotu), and Emperor of All the Russias, Nicholas Pawlovitch, the Em press Alexandrina Feodorofna, and their family, the Court, and the army—' and may God protect them, and cast all their enemies and the malevolent at their feet." After this follows a prayer recently Composed by the Russian Synod, in which there is the following passage : " to i, pro t e ct Thy holy ortho - We pray to Thee, 0 Go. dox Church, Thy servant Nicholas Pawlovitch, the most pious Autocrat, the Grand Master and Emperor of All the itussias, from all evil, passion, and distress, to preserve him from all enemies visible and invisible, to grant him peace, health, and a long life, and to encompass him with Thy armed angels." Then comes another production of the holy Syno 1, in which mention is made of the army, and its bril liant deeds of arms, as also of those of I\loses against Pharaoh, and of David against Goliath. The con clusion of the Te Donn is : "Give, 0 Lord, to the Emperor Nicholas, to the Em kT'essAlexandrinaFeodorofna, and to their offspring, happy delays, a peaceful life, health, and safety, and grant them the victory over all their enemies " The foregoing supplications, which are being translated into the Bulgarian langua g e, will accom pany the Russians to the right bank of the Danube. FRANCE. The Paris papers of yesterday, had not reached Is when we went to press. The following has been received by electric tele graph :—ln consequence of orders received at Brest, on the 7th, for the immediate departure of the Atlantic Squadron, it is expected that Admiral Bruat will make signal for sailing immediately. The squadron, it is said, will sail for the coast of Algeria. The Bourse was heavy yesterday, and there was not much business transacted. The Three per Cents. closed at 68f. 60c. for the end of the month. The Four-and-a-flalf per Cents. closed at 97f. 50c. Orleans Railway s hares,l,962f. 50c. ; Rouen, 895 f. ; Havre, ; Great Northern, 737 f. 50c. ; Paris and. Strasburg, 712 f. 50c. • ditto, New, 560 f. ; 'Bordeaux and Cette, Lyons and Western of France, 570 f. ; 537 f. 50e. ; Great Central, 437 f. 50c. ; Geneva, 4,50 f. ; Shares of the Bank of Credit Mo bilier, 620 f. SPAIN. MADRID FEB. 3.—The T hree p er Cents. closed at 37i., ' GREECE. ATHENS, Feb. 3.—An insurrection has taken place in the province of Arta, and in the adjoining districts. The notables have issued a proclamation. Four hundred insurgents have sworn to die in defence of tl Le Cross and of the Greek Church. GENERAL A NNIIITY SOCIETY.—The twenty-eighth an niversary of t his important charity was celebrated yes• terday at the :London Tavern. About 150 gentlemen sat down to dinner, and the duties of chairman were efficiently performed by Mr. Newdegate, M.P. After the customary loyal toasts the peculiar claims of the charity were brought under the notice of the company by the chairman. The object of the General Annuity Society was meant to grant annuities to decayed mem bers, bankers, professional men, master manufacturers, tradesmen, their widows and clerks, &c., from all parts of thelJniited Kingdom. It had been now twenty-eight years in enistence, and the untiring patronage of the public was the best proof of its intrinsic excellence. At the conclusion of an eloquent appeal a collection was made, the result of which was an addition of 7501. to the funds of the charity. One or two other toasts were then proposed, including the health of Mr. S. Aidritch, the secretary, after which the company separated. CONFESSION OF THE CONVICT TAPNER.—On Friday morning Tapner, the Guernsey murderer, gave the clergy man a paper, stating that, as he desired there should be no longer any doubt upon the subject, he now declared that he alone was guilty of the crimp for which he was Qoadoupod• .a"'.~-~ 1 14 SHARE MARKETS VIEW OF SEBASTOPOL. Closing Prices yesterday. Business this day. - The proprietors of the Gallery of Illustration in Regent street seem determined to maintain their reputation for bringing artistic skill of a high order to bear in the pictorial illustration of places rendered peculiarly in teresting to the public by recent or passing events. When attention was very generally directed to our great Eastern dependencies, they presented us with a beauti ful diorama of the overland route to India, while the rush of emigrants to the gold-producing colony of Australia, and the discovery of the north-west passage, led to the production of two panoramic works, the most beautiful perhaps that have ever been exhibited in the metropolis, the " Ocean Mail," and the "Arctic Regions." The war between Russia and Turkey has also led to the active employment of the clever artists of this estab lishment. Some time ago it was our pleasure to highly commend two very fine views of the capitals of the con tending nations —Constantinople and St. the l' was and last night a third , in the same series, was for first time submitted to the criticism of the audience— 5 namely, an extensive view of the town of Sebastopol 5 with its capacious harbour, and well mounted and almost 2 , impregnable fort of which we have lately heard so much. 21 Next to the banks of the Danube, there is no part of the IA world to which more interest now attaches. It was here 5( 21 that the Retributi on (ominous name by the by), with characteristic Eng lish darin g , entered boldly from the ‘,._ Black Sea with the mes sa g e from the combined fleets, and 25 took up a position right under 700 guns, utterly regard- 18 less of the war nin g shots that passed through her 20 rigging ; and it is for here also that the Fury, another St. ominous name, has just departed from Constantinople to demand the liberation of the English engineers S 5 t. t a ken prisoners at the battle of Sino p e, thou g h the Czar 2 has already dismissed with disgrace the admiral who had St. charge of the harbour w hen the Retribution arrived on St. a similar mission, and who sho wed a de g ree of forbear- Is-?. ance which the Autocrat deemed wholly inexcusable. 10 Who knows also but this may be y et the scene of some St. bloody battle The harbour of this important maritime St. situation is formed by an immense arm of the sea, which St. has made for itself a deep bed, and penetrates inwards St. St. upwards of 6 marine miles . Neither rocks nor shoals ob struct the navigation of this magnificent basin. The en- St. trance is protected by a se r ie s of forts on both sides of 12 the bay, which is 2) miles across. The guns, which are 71.),3 said by some to amount to 1,200, of large calibre, are 161 so arranged as to be able to pour a tremendous cross St. fire upon hostile ships ; but it appears that the stone it of which the fortifications are built is so soft that 14 cannon shot will stick in it as if it were only sand. 50 The harbour of Sebastopol also possesses four spaci- 20 ous creeks, which arc perfectly sheltered and of great 11 depth ; indeed, in one of them the largest three-decker 1 0 can lie at anchor within a few yards of the shore. St. B e tween the two principal of these cree ks stands the St. a ugust city, which the word Sebastop ol is understood to 2,2 signify. On some of the rocks very ancient rings maybe a occas i o nally observed, which are suppose d b y anti q ua- St? rians to have been used by the Greeks for securing their 50 boats ; if so, they serve to than show that the water the was m now 25 uch 40 higher in those days at present, as ey entirely out of reach for any such purpose. The new 25 view presents an op en country, with the city of Sebas- St. topol on the opp osite side of the harbour, in which 812 s St groups of ships are lying at anchor. . The whole does bilinite credit to Messrs. Grieve and St* 50 Telbin, the artists. 25 100 Business done St, this day. 50 THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 9, 1854• (THIS DAY.) WEDNESDAY EVENING CONCERTS. I St. 6 25!17 The 15th of these concerts took place last night at Exeter-hall. The atlendance was no less ample than fashionable—in comp;iment, it may be presumed, to the entrepreneur, Mr. Wra. Willott, whose benefit it was, and whose enterprise in carrying on a periodical musical undertaking for so long a period, deserved the recognis ance. The programme, selected from the works of several of the most popular operatic composers, was full of musical attraction ; added to which, Mr. Willott also provided for his friends the following vocalists :—Miss Louisa Pyne, Madams Newton Frodsham, Miss Grace Alleyne, Miss Stabbaeh, Miss M. Wells, Miss Maria Simpson (her first appearance at the hall), Madame F. Lablache. Miss Lucy Ledger (who made her first appear ance), Mr. A. Brahma, Mr. T. Young, Mr. Leffler, and Signor F. Lablache. The soloists were—Harp, Mdlle. L. Christine ; grand pianoforte, Herr Meyer Lutz ; violin, Mr. Viotti Collins. The band, in their various performances, sustained the high character which they have so deservedly won in public estimation. The en cores of songs were frequent. The entertainment gave general satisfaction. 20 20 10 10 MARKET NEWS-(THIS DAY.) I St, GENERAL AVERAGE PRICES OF BRITISH CORN For the Week ended Feb. 9, 1854, made up from the Returns of tie In.pectors in the different Cities and Towns in England and Wale- , per Imperial Quarter. wnEAr. ISAHLEY. I OATS. RYE. I BEANS. PEAS. 823 du 41s I 27s Oct 49s Id 48s 3d 52s 6d THE SIX WEEKS' AVERAGE. WHEAT. BARLEY. I OATS. RYE. I BEANS. 1 5 PEAS. 9s 43 4ls 8d 26s 5d 493 3d 47s 9d 1s bd DUTIES ON FOREIGN CORN. WHEAT. I BARLEY. I OWN. I SIGN CORE BEANS. PEAS. Is Od is Od Is Od Is Oct Is Oct lis Od QUANTTITIES OF GRAIN SOLD LAST WEEK. Wheat, 77,098; BaVey, 8 1 ,783; flats, 2S 139 ; Rye, 350 ; Beans, 6,239; Peas, 2,120 quarters. HAY MARKETS. SMITHFIELD.—Meadow hay, 3/ Os to 5/ 5s ; clover ditto, 3/ 15s to 61 Gs ; and straw, 1/ 18s to 2/ 4s per load. A full average supply, and a sluggish demand. CIIMBEALAND.—Meadow hay, 31 Os to 51 5s ; clover litto, 41 Os to 61 Os ; and straw, 1/ 18s to 2l 5s per load. Supply good, and trade dull. WHITECIIAPEL.—Meadow hay, 31 Os to Si Os; clover ditto, 4/ Os to 61 6s ; and straw, 1/ 163 to 2/ 3s per load. Trade steady. St. 10 St. 25 MEAT MARKETS. NEWGATE AND LEADENHALL.—The general demand was steady at this market to-day, at the following prices : Beef, from 3s Od to 4s 4d ; Mutton, 3s 4d to 4s 8d ; Veal, 3s 10d to 5s Od ; Pork, 3s 4d to 5s Od per 81bs, by the carcase. SOUTHALL, FEB. B.—The demand for beasts ruled steady, at 2d per 81bs. more money. In other kinds of stock very little business was transacted at to-day's market. Beef, from 3s 4d to 4s 8d '' • Mutton, 3s 6d to 5s 2,1. • Veal, 4s Od to 5s Od. ; Pork, 3s 4d to 4s 8d per toSibs, o sink the offals. EOMFORD, FEB. B.—To-day's market was but moderately supplied • on the whole the trade ruled steady , at the follow ing prices : —Beef, from 3s 4d to 4s 8d; Mutton, 3s 6d to 5s 2d ; Veal, 3s 8d to 4s 8d ; Pork, 3s 6d to 4s 8d per 81bs. Quarter old Store Pigs, 21s to 26s each. BRITISH RAILWAYS. IPaid.l RAILWAYS. Closing Prices yesterday. 20- 20i 5 - 51 100 Aberdeen 81 Ambg. Nottng. Bost. all Belfast aEaS & tn. jlunct • Ballymena. all Binning. Wolverh. & Stour Valley ..... .... 28 Birkenhcl. Lancsh. & Cheshire Juuct all Do. Chesh. & Birk., £5O and £25 Cons. 18i Do., £20.......... 30 Blyth & Tyne original £25 (issd. at £45) 100 Bristol and Exeter 100 Caledonian. all Chester & Holyhead. all Cork and Bandon... all Cork, Black, & Pass 12 Cornwall 6 Crieff Junction 45 Dublin&BelfastJunc all Dundee Perth &Aber deen Junstion all Do. New all East Anglian all Do., (£lB E& H) all Eastern Counties all Eastern Union, A Stock.... ..... . . 100 Do., B. Stock 86 Do., New A 100 East Lancashire 100 Edinburgh & Glasgow 56 Edinb. and Peebles 100 Edin. Prth. &Dundee 1 Forth & Clyde June. 100 Glasgow &S. Western 100 Great Northern Stk. 100 Do., A. Stock 100 Do., B. Stock 100 Gt. Sth. &Westare ; 100 Great Western 12 Irish South-Eastern all Lancaster & Carlisle 113 Do., Thirds 2 Do. Thirds 100 Lancash.andYorksh 17 Do., Fifths 11i D 3., Wst. RidingUn. all Leeds Northern all Liv.Crsby.&Southpt all London & Blackwall 8i Lond. Tilb. &Sthend. 100 Lond. Bright & S.Cst. 100 Lond. and N. Westn. 12 Do. Fifths 1 D0.101.5h.,M&8 0 20 Do. Eighths 100 London and S. Westn 421 Do., £5O 34 Do., £4O all L nc lrry& Coleraine all Lndndrry. & Ennisk. 100 Ma,uch.Shef.&Lincln 41, Do., Man. & Lin. Un 100 Midland 100 Do.Birmng. & Derby 474 Midld.G.West.(lre.) 171 Do. Half Shares all Newcastle & Carlisle 1 .00 Newmarket 5; Do., Bury Extension 2 Nwpt.Aberg. & Hrfd 7 Newry & Enniskillen all Newry Warrenpoint and Rostrevor. . 100 Norfolk 32 Northn.Counties Un. 100 North British 16 North Devon, No. 1. 11. 1 , Do., No. 2 .. .......... all Do., 2 1 A Deferred... 8 Do., 0, B Guaranteed all North London ........ 4 Do. New £lO It is N.&S.Wstrn. ,Hamp stead, and City Jn 171 0 N or th Staffordshire all North Western 1 10 N. &S. Westrn. June. 1 1 Nuneaton, Hinckley, and Leicester .. 1100 Oxford, Worcester, & Wolverhampton .... 2/ 2s Portsmouth 100 Scottish Central , 1100 Scottish Midland 100 Shrewsbury &Bit mg 100 Do. L. &N. Western Guaranteed St ctsk 10 Shrewsby. & Herefd all Shrewsby. & Chester (N. W. Min ; all Do. Halves,x e all Do. Oswestry 61. Shropshire Union ... Do. A, B, C,& D,fully paid up at per cent. all South Devon 100 South Eastern all South Wales 15 S. Yrksh. dr Riv. Dun 5 Do 2/ 2s Staines, Wok &Wok all Stockton & Darling. 163 Stockton & Hartlepl. 100 Taff Vale . 8 Do. £lO shares 100 Do. Pref., No. 1 20 Thames Haven Dock and Railway 17 Vale of Neath all Waterfd. & Kilkenny all Waterford&Limeriek 14 West Cornwall 1 West End of London and Crystal Palace all West London 51s. Wimbledn & Croydon 100 York NewctL&Berw. 20 Do. Extensions I I 130 Do. G.N.E. Purchase 100 York &N. Midland 8 - 9 13 -11 disl 94 52; 15 13, 96 53i 16 14), ii - 46 -8, 138 - 13 38 - 42 26 - 28 64 - - 66 61. - 63 - 21 - 130 - 101 —14 p 136p1 - 656 bid 13 - 14 7/ 8 par—gy p 954 964 1.03/ -103 i par p par 81 .82 10A 94c1 624 - 63 36 - 38 55 - 57 par 5i 5 d 2i 3 6 - 8 47 - 50 3$ 30 32 ... 33 8 10 ii - % 6i - ' 4 53 - 56 i - i .4 --- E4cl l 8 8i . --- •• • 34 - 36 90 92 54 - 56 55 - 60 55 6 0 2i - 2id 14 -- 16 7 - 8 10 -- 12 3 3id 14 - 16 60A - 32t - 3 - 1 32; 4 - 5 a --- ii ... • , • "...' • n - 3 15 16 5f - 5t 24 - 26 ••• '-'' . - ... .6 -- 7 68 - 69 1 8 3id 48 -- 49 PREFERENCE SHARES. 100 Aberdeen 100 Do. No. 2,7 p. c. 30 Blyth and Tyne 10 per c. pref. (issd. at 50/) 100 Bris. & Ex. 4p. c. St. 5 Do. 4p. c. Shares 100 Caledonian £lO all Chester & Holyhead Guar. 54 per cent 61 Cork &Bandonslp.c. all Dundee Perth &Aber deen Junction all EastAnglian (X3los) 1 1 6 per cent all Do. (£5) 7 per cent 2 Do. (£7 17s) 7p. c all Eastern Counties Ex- tension, 5 p. c. No.l all Do. No. 2 all Do. New 6 p.c. St all Eastern Union, Scrip Guar. 6 per cent all Do. 51., 10 per cent. all Do. 101. Debentr.Sh -100 East Laneash. 6p. cts. all East and West York. shire June. Pref all EdiubPrth.&Dundeel 5. 1 , per cent. 100 Glasgow &S.Western Guar. 5 per cent 100 Great Northn. sp. c 100 Do. sp. c. Redeem , at 10 p. c. prem 10 Do. 41 p. c. Scrip 6 Gt.N. of Scot. Ist Prel all Gt, Southn. &Westm. (Ireland) Eighths) 4 Do. 4 per c. Pref. Sh 6 Gt. Westn. (Berks 8 Hants Ex. 5 p. c) 100 Do. cov. red. 4 . 4 p c 100 Do. con. red. 4p. c 100 Do. irred. 4p. c 6 Lan. &York. F. £2O 100 Do. 6 p. c. Stock 13 Leeds N. 6p. c. No. 1 9 Do. Quarters, 1845.' 100 London and Brighton Guaranteed 5 p. c . . 11.00 Do. Pref., 5 p. c. Si. all Do. Convertible, sp. c., 1852 100 Do. New Guar.6 p. c _OO Lon. &N. W., Coy. & Nuneaton 5 London &S. Westsm Con. Thirds all Londonderry& Color. Shares all [lndy. & Ennis. 3 / 4 Sh. all ,(an., Shef., & Lin., Shares, No. 1. .., all Do. New, £lO . 4 3 / 4 Do. £6 all Aarypt .&Carl.4 p.c all Do. 4 3 / 4 per cent 106, Do 100 Aid. Consol.6 p.c.St. 100 Do. Consol. Bristol & Birm. 6 per cent.... 5 Do. Pref. 4 3 / 4 per cen', 6 Norfolk Debenture .. 100 Do. Pref. 4 p. c. Stock 100 Do. sp. c. Eat 100 Do. 54 per ct. 100 Do. Way. . Val. sp. c 100 North British all North Staffordshire , .00 Oxford, Worcester, & Wolverh. £15,6 p.c. 15 Do all Scot. Cent. , New Pref all Shrews. &Biro .N.G. all Shrewsby. & Chester (Nor.W.Min), 8 p.c. 10 Do. 5 per cent all South Devon 1i Do. fixed, 44 per cent all S. Eastern (Reading Ann.) of £1 Os. 6d. 100 Do. 4 liper cent. all S.Yorksh.4p.c.Guar. all Stockton and Dar lington, 4 per cent. 5 Do. do. do. all Stockton and Hartle pool, guar. 5 f. c. till Ist July, 1856 3 Waterfd.&Kilk.6p.c. 100 York, Newcastle,aud' Berwick,4 p.c. Pref. 10 5 Do York&N.MidlandH and S. Furch 94 3t la ,„ .- ...ad' ~ * ... 6k - 3k - 3a 4 P 1 -- lip -- lip 13i -- 14 13i i - . , .. ---. .. 2i -3, 119 -- 121 LO9 - 111 1 4. - i p 101 .. -- • 8 - 6 3 / 4 - 7 96 - 98 90 - 95 93 - 95 id pa: 0.37 —l3 • • • '''' ..• --- •• • ''''' • 2i - 121 -- par ... """ ••• ••• ...''" LLOYD'S SHIPPING.-(THIS DAY.)I I 6 ; LONDON, Feb. 9.—Wind7 this day at Noon, W. to N.W. ; fresh breeze, and cloudy . , wit h drizzling rain. R A MSGATE, Feb. B.—Wind, W.N.W. to strong gale. Arrived —English Rose, from Leith, for the Brazils, with hawse pipe broken; Hendy, Hartlepool, for Jersey, to stop a leak. MARGATE, Feb. B.—The Sarah Richardson, from Cardiff to London, slipped from her cable this morning, struck on the Girdler, and is now riding under the North Foreland, with loss of two anchors and chains. OFF DOVER, Feb. B.—Greyhound, from Santa Cruz. PLYMOUTH, Feb. B.—Wind, W.N.W, for Pernambuco. FALMOUTH, Feb. B.—Wind, N.N.W., strong breezes, and squally. Sailed—Maaia Emelia, for Monte Video. Off Port—Sea Adventure, Buenos Ayres, with loss of fore mast, bowsprit, bulwarks, maiutopmast, &c. FAY AL, Jan. 26.—The Coquimbo, New York to London, which put in here on the 7th inst. leaky, has landed part of her flour and lard, some of which is damaged ; a very large portion of the wheat is completely spoiled ; she still leaks 18 inches of water per hour. BOSTON, Jan. 23. The Jarius Hart (British schooner), London to Port an Prince, went on shore on Race Point, on the 17th inst., during thick weather, but got off with little injury, and has landed her cargo in good order. (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) LIVERPOOL, Wednesday, 10.30 A.M. Wind, W.N.W. ; moderate, and showery. Arrived. Mischief, from Gibraltar ; Bridesmaid, Messina ; John Barbour, from St. John's, N.B. in 18 days; General Dunlop, Philadelphia. BEAUMARIs, Feb. 8. Wind, N.W. fresh. Put in—Gulnare, for Africa; Penninghame, Rio Jo, noiro—both for Liverpooi. HOLYHEAD, Feb. 8. 5 10 St. 5 Wind, W N.W., a gale. The ship Bonn Ventura , from Savaunuh for Liverpool, St. is ashore at Cregile, Carnarvon-bay, with rudder unshipped 50 and two feet of water in her hold. The screw steamer D u mbarton Youth has put into New Harbour dismasted. St. St. QUEENSTOWN, Feb. 7. Wind W. 50 Arrived—Sir G. Pollock, from London, to embark tro(ps ' • Eliza, Sanderlick ; Kingmahon Castle and Venus, 12) Alexandria ; Lady Shelburne and Lockwoods, Callao ; Mary, Berdianski; Vila, Kertch ; Faneza, Odessa ; Un - 12 dine, Galatz P a lmyra, Patras ; Torrence, Ibrail. 25 Sailed —Mercury, for London • Pollock, Apalachicola ; Catherine Erwin, Newc as tle ; John Mitchell, Leith. 10 (BY SUBMARINE AND EUROPEAN TELEGRAPH.) GRAVESEND, Thursday, 9.50 a.m. Wind N.W., tide, three-quarters ebb flood ; thick. Arrived, Bth—Caroline, from Callao. 9th—Triton, steamer, from Calais; Elbe, steamer, Hamburg. Sailed—Marchioness of Bute, for Cadiz ; Orient, Malta; Prince Regent, Jamaica. DEAL, Thursday, 9.a.m. Wind N.W., strong, and squally. Anchored—Union, from Cadiz for L on d on ; L av i na , Madras, for London. Arrived—Ballarart, from Melbourne, with 92,000 ounces o f gold. Ma. DOWNING BRUCE'S PROPOSAL .'OR A REFORM Zb. O F THE ECC LESIASTICAL COURTS.—The plan I uld 15 suggest may be shortly stated. All the original wills - •k th r oughout Eng land should be deposited with the officer 88- appointed by the Crown ; they should all be printed 10 in the form of the prese nt Chancery proceedings, and an index of the whole should be formed. A copy should 10 be sent to each county court. In future, all the 25 10 wills should be p rinted at the expense of the executor, and a copy sent f ree to the Stamp Office. This would 1.0.6 save the country a considerable sum per annum. One st co py should be sent to th e county court of the district in 26 which the person died. These wills and indescer, should and 25 be placed under the car e of a proper c c. for a s 25 ivil o ex ffi re ally for such a purpose none appears so proper as 1.2 the principal registrar o f marriages, &, county. Each person named in the will should have a printed notice from the principal officer of the court. r The county courts might decide all cases under 50/., and St. in disputes of a larger amount the superior c ourts should 1 li in the name of her Majesty. and all pro have jurisdiction. All proceedings should be exercised 17 i "Bier Majeety'e Court of Probate." I ceedings headed 25 15 17 64 5Ad 52i 3 1 25, 87 i 68 651 5 1 9 1034 3 224 62/ 3 151 i I 20 681 7i $ 111. 481 I I 139 1 138 id - 97 96 - 4 4i Id Paid.l Ren.weie. all Bedford and Bletchley 100 Buckghamsh all Clydesdale Jc 100 E. Lincoln gr 6 per cent. all Glas. Barr. & Neils. Direct all Do. New . all Glstr.& Dn. Fr all Hrtlpl. Dk. & Railway all Hull & Selby all Do. Shares. all Do. Shares. all Lon.&Greenw all Do. Preference 100 Lowestoft gr. 4 per cent. WO Do. 6 per ct. all Manch. Bxtn and Matlock all Jiliddlesbro' & Redcar all Aidld.Bradfd all Northern and Ea,sternsp.c. Do. 6 per ct. all Do. Fixeds p e all E'rest. & Wyre 12 Do. 2 Shares. LOO Roystn.& Hit. LOO Do. Shepth .St 18 Shef.Roth.anc Goole g. 5 p.c. 9iS. Staffordsh. all Wear Valleygr 6 per cent all IDo 100 Wilts&Somrst 99 - 101 50 - 52 39 - 141 20 20 20 20 30 - 32 108 - 110 54 - 55 27 - 28 - 131 24A - 25. 2i - 3 98 = liiii 59 - 61 138 - 142 1138 - 142 'it -: ii 3o -- 31 1 96 -- 98 FOREIGN. 7 Antwerp&Rotterda.m 3 2 d 3 Belgian Eastn. June. 1 8 Beziers to Graissessac 4 3d 2s. Bombay, Baroda, and Central India,Scrip par p Central of Italy all Charleroi& Erquelin all Demerara 14 Dijon and Besancon 8 Dutch Rhenish all East Indian 2 Do. Extension all Gt. Indian Penins 10 Gd. Junct. of France 74 Grd . Trunk of Canada 30 Do. Debentures all Do. do 8 Gt. Central of France 2i lid all Gt. Western of Canada S 2— 1 d Shares ... Do. Bands (Ist is.)'s7 15 Hamilton & Toronto all Do. 6 per cent. 5 Lake Const. & Basle all Lucca & PiStOja 5 p.c -- .•. 31 2id 2t 3ip 10 20 10 20 - i Pi .. - i'd l . ..... ••• dis 60 59i - 8 4 - 5 i 11 - 11 - 1 -i( pref. 15 Luxembourg 10 Do. (Railway) 2 Do. Prof 3 Do. (Canal) 5 Do. 6p. ct. pref 8 Lyons and Geneva 12 Lyons & Mediterran 10 Madras ................ 33i Maria Antonia ..... all Do. do. New ........ 2 Melbourne Dk. &Ry all Namur & Liege (with interest) ............. all Do. (ex interest) ...... ..• ••• all Northern of France.. 29/ 29 Do. 201. 3 p. c Bds. all (fmy.B.&Ams.Shs.) all NonvegianTrunkPref 74 8 0 10 Paris and Ly0n5...... 12i —121 p all Ditto Bonds ....... ••• all Paris and Orleans.... 41 43 all Paris and R0uen...... 37 —3 9 all Paris and Strasbourg 28a —28 a 4 ParisCaen & Cherbrg. pm 104 Quebec & Richmond 3 all Rouen and Havre l7 —lB 9 Royal Danish — Par 2 Royal Swedish — d Southern c. F r p France Pref all Sambre and Meuse 8 8 6 Do. p. cert. Pref 6 St. Andrew's and Quebec (A) all West Flanders all 6th Do. ou 5 eiru per of 10 Western of France. 5 West. of Switzerland' 2 Wiesbaden 15 Zealand k a- # P ... 7 - 8 - pm ii = :i --- 3 29i i - ii I - iiat NINES. all Agua Fria all Anglo Austrin. Gold 4d ar 11 Anglo Californian 2 Australasian t— 11 d 6 Australian all Australian Cordillera i id all Australian Freehold i- a d d all Ave Maria i id all Baden (Gd. Duchy of) t i p all Blaenarvon Ir. & Coal 9 n all isritish Austrin. Gold 1 t a 13.5 British Iron 7 9zd 24:1 Brazilianlmp.(issued at £5 pm 5 6 all Do. Cocaes & Cuiada 11 24 15 Do. St. John Del Rey 28 30 4 Carson's Creek 6 Clarendon Con. Min Co. of Jamaica-- ... . all Cobra Copper .. . .... 1 Colonial Gold p 15 Copiapo . , all Copper Min. of Eng. 65 —7O all Do. Pref. 'TA p. cent. 4 6 p all English and Austrin. Copper Staeltg.Co. 2 —2i all General all Great Nugget Vein ... _ ...p all Do. Registered all Great Polgooth all Liberty - 4 d .3 all Linares 1 all Lond.&Californ•Gold Quartz Crush. Co. i _ 1 all \lariquita . i i t d 10 9 N l ex i ca n&S.Amenen. 61 6t 1 all New Granada i * d 1 all New Linares Mining and Smelting Co ... 1 all Nouveau Monde - i P 20 all P o ntgibaud Silver i Lead Min. dt Smelt. 17 19 5 1 Port Philip i g d 1 all Quartz Rock 50 all Rhymney Iron 15 15 Do. New 8 —lO 30 10i Santiago de Cuba 1 all south Australian $ ioa 10 7 Tin Croit 44 51 28i all United M exican 3 3 1 all Waller a ll West Granada ..„ — ---___ id 1 . d 1 all West M ari p o s a 1 12s. Worthing Mining o' Australia 1 all Yuba ... •• • I al JOINT-STOGS BANKS. 40 all Australasia 7O 78 40 all Brit i s h Colonial Bank and Loan Company 50 all British N. American 25 5 Chartd. Bank of Asia 20 2 Ch td, Bnk. of India , Australia, & China 100 25 colonial 100 20 Commercial of Lond 20 10 English Scottish and Australian 20 15 Loud. Chart. Bk. of Australia 50 20 London and County 50 10 London Joint Stock 100 20 Lond. &We 100 35 National Provincial of England 20 10 Do. New .. .. ... . 50 224 National of Ireland 20 all New South Wales 25 all Oriental Bank of Corporation 25 5 Do. New ... ...lan . . 100 25 Provincial nf Ire d •,. 10 all Do. New .... . ... - .. 5 1 Royal Australn.Bkg. & Gold Imp C 0.... •• • _ 25 all South Australia . . •25 all Union of Australia... 66 —7; ... 2Y Do. New . . ... ....... . 6i 7 50 10 Union of L0nd0n..... tdo ... 1 I a • ••• 21 lid i a - 1P ex d&b H 42 .--- 44 ... .... ... 45 - 47 _ miscELLANEous "5 arl7ll3ill Coal and Iron 25 17 Australian 20 11 Australsn.Pciblail 10 8 Australis . Royal Mail 10 2. Berlin Water Works 50 381 Brit. American Land 70 75 5 1 Brit. & Coln. Smeltg. and Reduction Co.. •.. 100 32 Canada ... . ............ 75 80 5 5 Crystal Pa . lace ... . .... 1 1 p 5 4 Do. New.......•••••••• 1 —lt 4 2 Crystal Pal. of France .. • ...z' 20 3 Eastern St eam .. . . ..• .• 25 20 ElectritTelegraph(A) 16 25 all Do. (B) .. .. . ...... .. . ... 16 18 1 1 Electric Teleg. of Ir. •.. 15 14 Gen. Steam Navigat. 20 18 General Scre w Steam ... ••• 20 71 Irish BeetrooSt.t Sugar ••• 20 10 Magdalena Navig. • 1 all Nat. Pat. Steam F u el . . • 10 3 Netherlands Laud. •• • . 3 — 2 " cl 2 1 N. S. W. Coal & Inter. St e am Navigat. Co. . •— d •• 1 all N. B. Austra lasian... p 1 Do. New ....... ..... 20 10 Nrth.ofEuropeSteana .• • ••• 5 all Peel Rr. Ld. & Minrl. - par 50 all Peninsular & Oriental ..• • • 50 30 Do. Do. 2 all Portland Iron Co.. 100 60 Royal Mail Steam ... • . -- • z 1 all Scot. Austral. Invest. lip 25 25 South Austral• Land 36 38 1 all Submar. TelegraPh— a P I all Do. Registered. .... . p i 100 • 2R Van Diemen 's Laud ' 14 .. - • ."---................,...........•••••'-..__ THE COAL TRADE..—NEWCASTLE-lIPON-TYNE, Feb. 7. —There are some, but not a great many collier vessels in the Tyne. Coal freights to London are 14s. perondon. ton. Sailors' wageahave now risen to 8/. a voyage to L Pm I 20 20 zd 25 100 100 20 20 20 40 10 20 , 20 x d 20 Leasing Compass. London & N. West. L.BzN.W. Caledon... Gt.Nrthn. Caldonian, Do Gt. Westn Yk. New. & Berw. 1. &N Md Do Do S. Eastern Do INorfolk.. L.& N. W. & Midld. nekton & Darlingt. ' Midland.. E. Count D 0... Do L. &N.W &Ln&Yk Do GtNorthn D 0.. . Lancash & Yorksh. 11.MClean Stockt. & Darlingt. Do GtWestn. A MINISTRY OF WAR, ( From the Times.) It may seem very preposterous, and not a little unbeseem ing the practical English character, if, just at the very out break of hostilities, we should discover that a Ministry of War would be a desirable agency to carry a war on withal ; yet some conclusion of this sort is not unlikely to be drawn. There exists at present no Ministry of the kind—no depart ment of State taking cognizance, directly and responsibly, of all the momentous exigencies which war would create. Our constitution in this respect consists of au aggre gate of boards or offices, each charged with its own particular duties, and scarcely so far combined as to make an effective confederacy. There is indeed a War-office, but that is no such comprehensive insti tution as its name would seem to imply. Besides the War-office there are the Colonial and Home-offices, the Horse Guards, the Ordnance-office, the Admiralty, and the Treasury, each claiming their own undivided part and share in the administration of that business arising from a state of war. We can understand the difference between the Army and Navy, though the Marines, besides their other good offices, seem to unite the two services very kindly. We can also understand the difference between personal and ma terial divisions—between battalions and their barracks—be tween men and money. But what we cannot understand is, why every single department should be not only kept distinct from the others, but subdivided again within itself, while all are left without a general-in-chief. Questions like these are best comprehended by an example, and an example was given the other day. The British soldier as we informed the public last week, had been reduced to such straits by the rise in the price of necessaries, as contrasting with his stationary pay, that the case was considered at the Horse Guards to demand immediate attention. Now, if the Horse Guards had been a department of State charged with the administration of the army, this simple conclusion would have been sufficient, and the detection of the evil would at once have been followed by its remedy. But the Horse Guards repre sented no such establishment. They could only report to the War-office, and the War-office, being equally helpless, could only report to the Treasury. Between the three offices the task stuck fast, and the poor soldiers remained for three months without the relief which it had been already decided • they ought to obtain. It was only yesterday, indeed, that this most common sense question was resolved, and it was determined that the soldier, instead of paying 6d. a-day for his rations, should only pay the average of the last few years, 41,c1. The delay in settling this most simple matter of detail is one plain instance of the defects alluded to ; but there are others in abundance behind. Is is seldom indeed that the Military or Ordnance Estimates come on for discussion without some animadversions on the system which separates one corps of the army from another, and makes the concur rence of half-a-dozen offices necessary for the execution of a single decision. We do not forget that these arrangements, though repeatedly complained of, have received the sanction of high professional authorities. It has been said that the artillery service could never, under a system of military cen tralisation, be so well managed as at present ; and when con solidation has been spoken of it has been elaborately argued that consolidation could never be advantageous except when the departments to be consolidated were homogeneous, and the dimensions of the aggregate such as to come fairly within the scope of a single presiding mind. These conditions, it was said, were not satisfied by the number and variety of the duties entering into the administration of the army, and the project was disparaged aacordingly. We do not presume these objections to have been altogether destitute of weight, nor have we any wish to depreciate the authority of the witnesses referred to. It is certain, how ever, that professional experience, if it gives knowledge and judgment, has also a tendency to create an attachment, some times bigoted, to existing usages, and to indispose the mind to any reforms, however desirable. Neither are we without countervailing evidence on the other side. On the first night of the session Lord Grey took advantage of the question before the house to address himself directly to this very point. Now, Lord Grey, it is true, is not a soldier, and has had no experience of war as a profession, but he has had unusual experience of military administration. He has been Secretary at War and Secretary for the colonies, and he has had abundant opportunities of observing the methods by which the government of the army is carried on. And what did his lordship say on this subject, now so pressing and so important ? He said that, " from his own experience, while holding for many years both the office of Secretary at War and the office of Secretary of State for the War Department, he could inform their lordships that a re form in the constitution of those Departments was more ur gently demanded than was generally supposed ; " that " if that were a proper time for doing so, he could bring before their lordships many cases of mismanagement, extending over the last 50 years, directly traceable to the vicious organisation of these departments, which would astonish their lord ships and the country;" and, finally, that, "if measures should not be taken to improve the dilatory and cumbrous arrangements existing in these departments for the transaction of business, he ventured to prophecy that before war had lasted many months some calamity would result." That Lord Grey had but too good reason for such an augury is clear enough, for, if an order judged to be desirable cannot be exe cuted at home, and in full peace, under three months' time, if the rations of soldiers in London quarters cannot be im proved until the need has nearly passed away for im proving them, what are we to expect in the tumult and pres sure of actual war? The objections to consolidation have been urged, we think, too strongly, and with too unlimited an application. If there is to be no such thing as unity of administration beyond the point determinable by the capacity of a single chief for direct superintendence, it is obvious that our existing system of government must be indefensible, and that there ought to be no chief of the Administration, or, in other words, no Prime Minister, for certainly the entire affairs of the State must be more extensive than the entire affairs of the Army. And what is to be said of the Russian Government, where a single man controls—no doubt with much satisfaction to himself—not only the army and navy of the empire, but all departments of State with out exception ? The Czar is his own Premier, his own Com mander-in-Chief, his own Foreign Minister his own Home Secretary, and from all that is related of his doings, his own overseer and inspector. Do the Horse Guards and Ordnance offices make up a larger whole than this ? Or, to put the question still more closely, is the British army, with its 100,000 men, more difficult to administer than other armies of four times its numbers, which are nevertheless sub ordinated to a single Minister of War ? Could there not, in short, be some presiding functionary to whom cases much more difficult than that of the soldier's rations might be di rectly reported, with the certainty of immediate satisfaction through some department or other ? The consideration of such questions may soon be forced upon us rather strongly. EN GLlsa MINES. The following reply has been given by the Treasury to an inquiry as to the claims of the Crown in certain cases upon gold and silver obtained from English mines : " Treasury Chambers, Feb. 7. " Sir, —Having laid before the Lords Commissioners o, her Majesty's Treasury your letter of the 21st ult., enclosing another communication from Mr. Murchison, dated the 20th ult., inquiring whether the Crown asserts any right or royalty in regard to either gold or silver, when found in combination with ore containing other minerals, beyond those contained and reserved in the Ist of William and Mary, cap. 30, and the sth of William and Mary, cap. 6, I am commanded by their L ordshi p s to acquaint you that the prerog g ative rihts of the Crown extend to all mines of gold and silver, and that these are usually termed Royal mines, " The exercise of the Crown's prerogative is, however, restrained by the acts above-mentioned, as amended by the act 55th of George 111., cap. 134, by which several enact ments it was declared that all mines of copper, tin, iron, or lead, then or thereafter to be discovered, and being in the possession of a subject , sho uld remain in such possession, notwithstanding that the said mines should be claimed to be Royal mines. But it was expressly provided that the Crown should be entitled to the pre-emption of the ore of all such mines (other than tin ore in the counties of Devon and Cornwall) upon paying to the proprietors of the mine or mines wherein such ore might be found, within 30 days after the ore should be raised and laid upon the bank, the undermentioned rates, viz. : —For all ore, washed and made clean and merchantable, wherein there is copper, 161. per ton ; ditto, tin, 21. t-ditto, iron, V. ; ditto, lead, 251. • "By these enactments the Crown's prerogative rights are only affected in cases where gold and silver are found in combination with copper, tin, lead, or iron, and the pre cious metals may be worked in these cases without a license from the Crown. But if gold and silver are found in a virgin state, secreted in rocks, or in combination with any other metals or minerals than those specified in the act re ferred to, then the prerogative rights of the Crown remain in full force, and the precious metals can only be legally worked under a license to be granted under the authority of a warrant from this board, in conformity with the pro visions of the Land Revenue Acts. " A. license of this description has been recently granted to Mr. Mansell to search for gold within the property of Lord Poltimore, in the parish of South Molten, county of Devon, and other applications of a similar character are now the subject of negotiaticn with the departments of her Majesty's land revenue. " A. question is at present under the consideration of that department as to whether it might not be beneficial both to the Crown and the adventurers that, in lieu of the right and pre-emption to which the Crown is entitled under the acts referred to, the Crown should receive a certain royalty or proportional part of the value of the gold and silver when found in combination with other metals ; and my lords de sire me to refer you to the Hon. Charles Gore, the com missioner in charge of the land revenue, as to the terms on which a license to work the precious metals can be granted to them.—l am, So., JAMES WILSON. 67} x a I "G. Moffat, Esq., M.P., Sz.c." z a 41 id 6k 6 THE SUBMARINE AND EUROPEAN TELEGRAPH COM PANY.—The usual half-yearly general meeting of the proprietors in this undertaking was held yesterday, at the London Tavern, for the purpose of receiving the report and upon other business ; Lord de Manley pre sided. The chairman read the report, which stated that the telegraph between Dover and Ostend has now been in uninterrupted communication since the 20th of June last, and since that period the agreement between this company and the Submarine Telegraph Company has taken effect. The Queen's Speech at the opening of Parliament was conveyed to Paris and Berlin before her Majesty left the Palace of Westminster, and experiments have been made which prove that no town in Europe where a line of telegraph exists is beyond the reach of immediate communication by the submarine wires from London. The number of messages transmitted during th e month of Janu ar y , 1852, after the opening of the French line , was 1,068 ; in January, 1853, 2,013 ; and in January, 1854, the number had increased to 3,120. This increase has been maintained in spite of active opposition and the comparative stagnation of all commercial affairs from the unsettled aspect of the pol!- tical horizon. The present position of the comp.any finances enables the directors to recommend a divideud at the rate of 8 per cent. per annum for the last six mo nths, on the capi tal of 75,0001. He con cluded by moving that the report be printed and circulated a mongst the prop rietors. The motion, having been seconded, was carried nem. eon. A resolution for the adoption of a dividend at the rate of 8 per cent. per ann um for the las t six months w as carried. resolution Mr. Foster se m oved, and C a p tain Carnagie conded, a to the effect that 300/. be presented to the directors for their past services, and that 6001. be the annual remune ration for them in future. To this an amendment was moved, that the sum of 2001. from the reserve fund be voted to the directors for their past services. The amendment, having been put, vas carried unanimously. A vote of thanks to the chairman and directors con cluded the business. THE NAVAL SER VICE. A little tract has just been issued by Messrs. Brad bury and Evans, entitled "Advice to the Mariners of England and? enterprising Youths inclined for the Sea Service, by a Seaman's Friend." It sets forth so clearly the advantages to be derived from service in the Royal navy since the new regulations respecting pay, provi sions, and prize money, that in publishing a considerable extract from it we shall be doing real service to those who wish to choose an occupation which will secure a permanent provision for them : "A general impression prevails that, wages being much greater in the merchant service than in the Royal navy, seamen naturally prefer the former ; and it is also sup posed that remote advantages in the shape of pension, &e., do not influence the mass of seamen, who look more to present gains. But, in truth, there is no great disparity of wages, for, with the exception of that inconsiderable portion of our mariners who are settled down and adhere to one employment in the coasting trade, the wages ac tually earned in the Royal navy are greater than in any other sea service. It has been proved by a careful inves tigation, when estimating the income to be derived from a monthly levy upon wages for the support of the Merchant S,amen's Fund, that the average employment of the mer chant seamen in foreign-going ships, being that branch in which the greatest portion are engaged, is nine months in the year; for the other three months, during which he is waiting for a settlement, or for a new engagement, or spending his money, he earns no wages, and is, moreover, thrown upon his own resources for food and lodging ; and, taking the average of wages at the present inordinate rate to be 60s. per month, the merchant seaman earns 271. in the year, supposing that he has incurred no fines during the voyage for misconduct, and made no sacrifice in cash ing his advanced note. The seaman in the Royal navy- is subject to no such deductions ; for even when sick or on leave of absence his pay, and also his time for pension, go on accruing during the whole term of his engagement. In the rating of able seaman he earns in the year 28/. 17s. 11d., while superior conduct will insure him good conduct pay, as hareafter shown, and improving capacity will assuredly , advance him to higher ratings, when he will earn con siderably more. Having pointed out this delusion respect ing the disparity of wages, which is the only reason that can be assigned why the Queen's service (where the berth ing, victualling, comfort, and treatment of the crew are admitted to be infinitely better) is not generally preferred to the merchant service, I kppend a table showing the wages of working petty officers and seamen in the Royal navy, so that the seaman may contr ist them with those obtainable in trading ships, and also become acquainted with the advantages held forth by the new as compared with the old regulations : A TABLE OF THE RATE OF WAGES IN THE ROYAL NAVY PER MONTH AND PER YEAR, UNDER THE OLD AND NEW REGULATIONS. NEW REGULATIONS. Continuous ~.. n Under the Old Ser vice, or Entry o Enthes. for 10 yetrs. .z. , u 2 Rating. ~... ,- 0 0 4 ,0 •.5.0; 4 g P% 14 4 . 5 . g : .4 t - - 1 ~., ,> dL 4 , -., tr)''' a ',Li' At A , c 5 Cr P.., ----..........--- —_—_ -...----- ..---- £ s. d. £ s. d £ 1. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Chief petty officers •• 3 2 036 10 0 3 9 941 1 3 4 11 3 First-class working petty officers ...... 2 14 031 18 9 3 2 036 10 0 411 3 Second-class working petty officers•• .... 2 9 128 17 11 2 16 10 33 9 2 4 11 3 Leading seamen .... 2 6 627 7 6 2 14 331 18 9 4 11 3 Able seamen.. •• .... 2 1 424 6 81 2 9 126 17 11 4 11 3 Ordinary seamen . 1 13 719 15 5 118 922 16 3 3 010 Second-class ordinary seamen .. •• ...... 1 8 516 14 7 1 11 018 5 0 1 10 5 Boys (Ist class) and naval apprentices , 018 11012 11 018•110 12 11 No diff. Boys of the second class ............. 0 15 6 9 2 6, 1 0 15 6 9 2 6 No diff. " Seamen gunners, who are men trained in the Excel lent, receive 2d. per day in the first class, and ld. per day in the second class, in addition to all other pay of their ratings. Mechanics and artificers have higher rates of pay than the first and second class petty officers, and have also from 2d. to 3d. per day additional for tools. Petty officers of all classes wear distinctive badges on the left arm, and are entitled, on their ship paying off, to gratuities varying from 11. 13s. 4d. to 71., depending on the rating and the time the ship has been in commission. Badges for good conduct not only distinguish the most efficient and best conducted, but give thm substantial advantages in the shape of pay. Thus, with one badge or gold stripe on the arm, an able seaman would be entitled to 2s. 7d.; with two badges, to ss. 2d. ; and with three badges, to 7s. 9d. per month, or 41. Us. 3d. per year, which, in addition to the wages of a continuous service man, would be alto gether 33/. 95. 2d. per year. It is the continuous service, or entry for 10 years, that henceforth offers such induce ments for entering the navy, for it enables the seaman to embrace that branch of his profession which hold out the most advantages without risk of disappointment. reclTheude re gulations for continuous service do not, however , p the entry of seamen for the usual period in particular ships ; but all who enter can be retained for five years, and in the latter case it will he seen by the annexed table that the wages are loss. At the end of 10 years' service-rec koning from 18 instead of 20 years of age as heretofore the continuous service man may, or discharge, receive a pension of 6d. a-day, or 91. 4s. per year ' • after 15 years' service, a pension of Bd. a - day, or 121. 4s. per year ; and after 20 years' service, a pension of from 10d. to ls. 2d. a day (average ls.) or 181. or 19/. per year. Petty officers and leading seamen's pensions are proportionally greater ; so that the man-of-war's man may, at the ages of 28, 33, and 38 respectively, have earned a pension varying from 9/. 2s. 6d. to 401. per year, according to his rating ; and if i called on to serve in the fleet, in the event of ' an arma ment or war,' he will receive his pension in addition to his pay ; and he will enjoy this for life, being at the same time at liberty to earn what he can in the merchant service, or any other employment. The pension, after 20 years' ser vice, is certain; but the pensions for 10 and 15 years' ser f vice are granted at the discretion of the Admiralty ; and as it is to be expected that, with the inducements now offered, the navy will never henceforth want volunteers, the oppor tunity will occur for maintaining a reserve of some thou sands of these short-service pension-men well skilled in naval duties, under obligation to serve when called upon, should the necessity arise, but at liberty to follow their inclination in all other respects. Let us now consider the naval victualling. It will be seen by the scale annexed, that it is most liberal ; and stringent measures have lately been adopted by the Board of Admiralty to insure that the articles supplied shall be of good quality :- "PRESENT SCALE OF VICTUALLING. "There shrll be allowed to every person serving in her Majesty's navy the following daily quantities of provisions -viz., biscuit, 11b., or soft bread, lid. ; spirits, i gill ; fresh meat, 11b. ; vegetables, 41b. ; sugar, lioss. ; choco late, loz. ; tea, ,'{oz. N.8.-Naval cadets, and second class boys are not allowed spirits. " When fresh meat and vegetables cannot be issued there shall be allowed in lieu thereof-Salt pork, 11b. ; peas, i pint-every alternate day ; salt beef, 11b. ; flour, 9 oz. ; suet, ioz. ; currants or raisins, 4 oz.-every alternate day. " And weekly, whether fresh or salt meat be issued oatmeal i pint ; mustard, oz. ; popper, ioz. ; vinegar, i pint per man. " The man-of-war's man's provisions are well cooked, and his meals regular. If he cannot consume his provisions, he is paid for them ' • if the salt meat boils away, he has an ex tra allowance. He obtains clothing of the best description at the same price that it costs the admiralty ; his berthing place is dry, clean, and comfortable ; his work light, as compared with that of any other seaman. He has the aid of an instructor, access to a library of nautical and other books calculated to interest him ; and ample time and opportunity to improve his mind, and so qualify himself for promotion to warrant-officer, or even to the highest rank. His share of prize-money has been increased ; and the distribution is now so graduated, that men in the higher ratings receive proportionably more than the un skilled-a great improvement upon the regulation that formerly existed. Compensation is allowed for loss of clothes or effects by shipwreck or otherwise. If maimed or hurt, the man-of-war', man has a gratuity or a pension -according to circumstances-the best advice and attend ance in sickness, and provision in Greenwich Hospital if crippled or worn out. The children of a man-of-war's man are educated in the schools of Greenwich Hospital, and receive, free of expense to him, a training which fits them for any employment. He has six weeks' leave of absence whenever his ship is paid off, wages and term for pension being continued, and leave to go en shore from his ship for shorter periods, at other times, whenever the nature of the service will permit. Ho is eligible for ap pointment to the coastguard, if one of those recommended by his captain for this servics when his ship is paid off, or to become a rigger, or seaman-rigger in the dockyards. He may allot a portion of his wages for the support of his family, with the full assurance of its being punctually paid, which is not always the case with his brother seaman in the merchant service, who cannot have the same secu rity for the punctual payment of his allotments, particu larly where advices may not have been received from his ship. The man-of-war's-nian may also remit a portion of his pay. Notwithstanding the allotment, the man-of war's man may receive 4s. monthly the first six months, and 108. monthly after 12 mo nth s, out of his pay, and 235. monthly if he does not allot, while the merchant seaman has no claim for any portiun of his wages until the termi nation of the voyage. " Now, there is no craft or trade in which the artisan or labouring man can engage in this or any other country that possesses such advantages as I have enumerated where a man may, whsn in the prime of life, after a few years' service, become possessed of an income sufficient to provide a home and ample maintena nce for his family when he is absent and following his calling. and where he can, by good conduct, nearly double the amount of his pay and elision.' --......--a----....,..... THE ARACY. ANOTHER SHOCKING SHIPWRECK ON BARRA ISLAND . ___..-4,--- -- Great activity preva ils in recruiting for the army , to —AL L HANDS LOST, EXCEPT ONE. The iron bound augument the regiments to 1,000 rank and file. A large coast of the isl an d o f Barra, off the western coast of number of recruiting p arties have b een recently sent to Scotland, has a ga i n b een t h e scene of another heart theleo to Ireland and Scotland,shipwrech in the total loss of the Liverpool manufacturing towns, a and ther rendings w h li ip if to raise recruits, besides beating up at headquarters. the "W. H. Davis," Captain Carling, master, Many fine young lads have offered themselves, e on her voyage to New Orleans,.. with every soul is no doubt but the required number will soon be on board (except one man), numbering in all no fewer than N sufferers. The ship had become unmanageable acqu ired. Lieu Lieu tenan t -Colonel Morr is, R.A., has been or dered i n the course of the recent fearful westerly gales, and in from Woolwich to Portsmouth, to do second field- attempting, on the night of the 27th of last month, to officer's duty in the latter garrison. weather Barra Head, she went ashore on the rocks of Coss, Fen. 7.—Cork Barracks and Elizabeth F or t Vatersay, within a short distance of the spot where the are crowded with troops destined for foreign service, 1 Anne Jane,.em. emigrant ship, Was lost, with 300 lives, s consisting of three companies of the 9 th, t a h n e d service ! few m onths t s h ince. The moment the ill-fated ship touched companies of the 38th and 89th Regiments, nume- I the . rocksl I, e master and crew took to the rigging as roue drafts from several depots ; in fact, the entire forces theirony c lance of escape, expecting, no doubt, as the i n garrison are awaiting transports. The Surge, tram- wreck I heeled over . they would be able to gain the rocks. sport, with Government She store v ;, ill forHong Kong, has Alas, iowever, in a few minutes afterwards the ship was a rrived in Queenstown.take on ., board a large dashed to pieces, and the whole of the poor fellows fell draft of the 59th Regiment, lying in Cork Barracks, , amidst the crumbling wreck, and perished. Only one consisting of 120 rank and file, under the . command of ; escaped to disclose their fate, the steward, a young man, Captain Charles Kendal. Bushe, w ith Ensign! Richard , named Robert William Rushmore, of 48, Devonport- Spofforth. and Isaac Bomford rii Bo m ford, to join b the t ser- ns , street, Toxteth-park, Liverpool. He, it appears, took vice companies in that colon The Canterbury rLkerabut refuge on the bowsprit, and as the vessel went to pieces port, from London, has also y. arrived, he sprang forward, and succeeded in reaching the rocks three companies of the 9th Regiment, and stati_:ned in bar- .in safety, although very much bruised. He suffered in- , racks, under command of Maj o r F. D. Lister.— C ork tensely during the night, and was almost insensible when Constitution. , assistance arrived the next morning. Several bodies of The transport-ship Sir George Pollock, of and from th e cre w were discovered among the rocks by the fisher- London, to embark troops, has also arrived in Que ens . men w h o conveyed them to Vatersay for interment. town. , , ' The inhabitants apprehend that another wreck has hap- • BELrAsT, FEB. 7.—The first division of th e 2d bat- pene d o ff th e island, fr om the circumstance o f the bodies talion of the 12th Regi men t (at present stationed here), of f a gentleman and a lady, apparently abo ut three weeks under the command of Captain Hutchins, p rocee d e d o r a fortntht in the water, having been washed up in yesterday morning en route to Cork, wh ence th e y wi ll the bay. Some property was found on them, but no • embark for Van Diemen 's Ld. We believe the 77th thing to lead to their i dentit y , or the ship the y cams an \ will succeed the 12th in this garrison. —Northern Whig. from. ! PORTUGUESE It was mentioned on Monday that a report had been made by the Commercial Association of Oporto, at the instance of the Portuguese Government, recommending the speedy adoption of a complete system of commercial " freedom. This document has since been received, and fully justifies the account given of it. After some intro ductory remarks on the principles of free trade, which, although stale truisms to English ears, are absolutely startling when expressed without qualification by a body of native gentlemen in communication with the ministers of Portugal, it proceeds to denounce the prohibitory sys tem aad the neglect of public works as the two causes which have reduced Portugal, with the finest capacities of any country in the world, to the condition of one of the most degraded. Methods for an immediate com mencement of a reform in the fiscal arrangements of the kingdom are then suggested, and, finally, the various resources are alluded to, which are waiting only for the most ordinary facilities to yield wealth on all sides. A A illustrations of the existing modes of transit, facts are mentioned such as exceed even the analogous accounts of Central America. Potatoes raised in the neighbour ing province of Tras os Montes are worth, at Oporto, ten times their prime cost, and would, nevertheless, from the expenses of carriage, prove a losing speculation. The greater part of the internal traffic is performed by mules, and yet even for this method the roads are so bad that the animals carry only about one fifth of their proper load, and travel four leagues a day instead of ten. "We are compelled to confess," it is added, " that it is more difficult to travel through Portugal than in any other country of Europe, or iperhaps in the world. Articles conveyed from Oporto to Braganza (ahout 90 miles) cost more carriage than they would pay freight from Oporto to Brazil and back again in our own ships." With this barbarous state of affairs the revenue laws are in com plete harmony, and the lowest officer of the tobacco monopoly, or of the Custom-house, whose pay is about a shilling asday, has the power to stop a cart or a loaded animal on the road, and to cause the cargo to be unloaded and each package opened and examined. The committee therefore contend for the summary abolition of all the octroi-barriers in the interior, as well as local tolls and monopolies of every kind, and all permits and a ssports. At the same time a re f orm o f th e Customs' tariff is urged upon a scale that shall be free from the danger of sudden ruin to the protected interests, and of a suffici ently progressive character to insure a speedy approach to general freedom. There are many commodities, how ever, which are not fabricated in the country—such as transparent cotton goods, certain qualities of handker chiefs (one of the staple articles from Glasgow), fustians, bombazines, &c.—that might, it is pointed out, be at once admitted at a n - , - v nominal rate. The adoption of low duties generally would also create a large transit trade with Spain, and the cheapness of the fr 'e e go ltte would induce purchasers from that country to l etstp their assortments with others paying a fair tax, and thus add considerably to the revenue. Meanwhile, the ad vantage of these alterations, in increasing the dispo sition to a reduction of the wine duties in England, is not lost sight of, although the committee rightly observe, that instead of waiting for that enlightened measure, it is the business of Portugal to go into the right path irrespective of it. "If Great Britain," they remark, " would admit our wines for consumption at 101. per pipe, or even at double that duty, all Portugal might be converted into vineyards." Apart from this view, however, it is acknowledged that the country has yet to avail itself of the liberality of Eng land in admitting, almost free of duties, corn, animals, oils, fish, fruits, vegetables, &c., which the geographical position of Portugal would enable her to supply in abundance if the 200 per cent, profit, at which some of them could be produced, were not more than absorbed by the dearness of interior transport Finally, with regard to the material undertakings that should attend the new system, the most important are an improvement of the bar of the Douro, as well as of the harbour and river, the construction of docks, the formation of interior roads, the canalisation of rivers, the introduction of new agricultural imple ments, &c. The reception that may be given by the Government to this report remains to be ascertained. It has only just been issued, and there is reason to fear that the intelligence of the people of Lisbon and of the country generally is far behind that which prevails at Oporto. Still, it is evident that the time is ripening for general change, and that any men of vigour might now commence the accomplishment of all that has been indi cated. Notwithstanding the treatment experienced by the English bondholders, English views are accepted in Portugal with more readiness than in other continental countries, and the present document is almost identical in spirit with the work of Mr. J. J. Forrester, published as a prize essay on Portugal last year. Whether any broad and honest course of amelioration is to be looked for from a Cabinet which has chosen periodical confisca tion as one of its regular means of getting over difficulties, and which therefore cannot command the confidence of capitalists, is a question, however, that cannot be very hopefully entertained. TREATY OF UNKIAR SKELESSI. CONCLUDED BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY ON THE 26TH JUNE (BTH JULY), 1833, AND COMMUNICATED TO THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT BY THE PRINCE OE LIEVEN ON THE 16TH OF JANUARY, 1834. Art. 1. There shall be for ever peace, amity, and al liance between his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias and his Majesty the Emperor of the Ottomans, their em pires and their subjects, as well as by land as by sea. This alliance having solely for its object the common defence of their dominions against all attack, their Majesties engage to come to an unreserved understanding with each other upon all the matters which concern their respective trail: quillity and safety, and to afford to each other mutually for this purpose substantial aid, and the most efficacious a3si s tame. 2. The treaty of peace concluded at Adrianople on the 2d of September, 18.9, as well as all the other treaties comprised therein, as also the convention signed at St. Petersburg on the 14th of April, 18:30, and the arrange ments relatin g to Greece concluded at Constantinople on. the 9th (21st) July, 1832, are fully confirmed by the pre sent treaty of defensive alliance, in the same manner as if the said transactions had been inserted in it, word for word. 3. In consequence of the principle of conservation and mutual defence, which is the basis of the present treaty of alliance, and by reason of a most sincere desire of securing the permanence, maintenance, and entire inde pendence of the Sublime Porte, his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, in the event of circumstances occurring which should again determine the Sublime Porte to call fOr the naval and military assistance of Russia, although, if it please God, that case is by no means likely to happen, engages to furnish, by land and by sea, as many troops and forces as the two high contracting parties may deem • necessary. It is accordingly agreed, that in this case the land and sea forces, whose aid the Sublime Porte may call for, shall be held at its disposal. 4. In conformity with what is above stated, in the event of one of the two Powers requesting the assistance of the other, the expense only of provisioning the land and the sea forces which may be furnished shall fall to the charge of the Power who shall have applied for the aid. 5. Although the two high contracting parties sincerely intend to maintain this engagement to the most distant period of time, yet, as it is possible that in process of time circumstances may require that some changes should be made in this treaty, it has been agreed to fix its duration at eight years, from the day of the exchange of the Im perial ratifications. The two parties, previously to the expiration of that term, will concert together, according to the state of affairs at that time, as to the renewal of the said treaty. 6. The present treaty of defensive alliance shall be rati fied by the two high contractin g parties, and the ratifica tions thereof shall be exchanged at Constantinople, within the space of two months, or sooner if possible. SEPARATE AND SECRET ARTICLE TO THE PRECEDING TREATY OF ALLIANCE, ALSO COMMUNICATED TO THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT BY THE PRINCE OF LIEVEN, ON THE 16TH OF JANUARY, 1834. In virtue of one of the clauses of the first article of the patent treaty of offensive alliance concluded between the Imperial Court of Russia and the Sublime Porte, the two high contracting parties are bound to afford to each other, mutually, substantial aid, and the most efficacious assist ance for the safety of their respective dominions. Never theless, as his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russia', wishing to spare the Sublime Ottoman Porte the expense and inconvenience which might be occasioned to it by af fording substantial aid, will not ask for that aid if circum stances should place the Sublime Porte under the obliga tion of furnishing it, the Sublime Ottoman Porte, in the place of the aid which it is bound to furnish in case of need according to the principle of reciprocity of the patent treaty, shall confine its action in favour of the Imperial Court of Russia to closing the Strait of the Dardanelles— that is to say, to not allowing any foreign vessel of war to enter therein under any pret6xt whatsoever. The present separate and secret article shall have the same force and value as if it was inserted word for word i n th th J e un i e 2l (B 9 t t h h y J ett ul r y) o , the treaty t a nh l alliance no o on f p t l e h s i a s tr ehdrea, 26th re ( H t h l e D e g o i r2no,:t) at t o C f L. S.) ) Cte ALEXIS ORLOFF. ( L. S A. BOUTENEFF. 'AL AFFAIRS. Y • IMIE MI sigh, Rus cum. ok e, r the. 101 iPm il, , ,