The Sun. — London, England, 1863-09-12 00:00:00

THE POLISH INSURRECTION. (Front the Special Correspondent of the Times.) CRACOW, SEPT. 4. Several English travellers have arrived in Poland lately, for the purpose of studying the Polish insur rection on the spot. Where, however, it can best be studied, is a question not easy to answer. Which part ,of the Polish theatre, to begin with, is the gage, and which " behind the scenes ?" In a regular war, the great thing would be to see the battles; and the preparations for them and conversations after them would be comparatively as nothing. But in Poland, none but combatants can think of seeing the battles unless they happen to be fought close to the frontier; and in that case it would be a L ab. take to judge of the military conduct of the insur . gents in general by that of a particular band of insurgents in fighting with one leg in danger, and the other almost in safety. There are no camps to visit important enough to be looked upon as in surrectional centres. If one such were formed it would instantly be attacked, and then, it is true, by the success or failure of the attack some notion might be formed of the strength of the insurrection in general. According to the plan of the extreme revolutionary party, the true theatre and scene of the insurrection should be all Polish ground at pre sent occupied or disputed by the Russians; but at the present moment, when the great object of the Polish insurrection is to maintaisi itself until one or more foreign Powers shall intervene, the insurgents would seem to be only the carpenters and machi• nists of the spectacle, the spectacle itself being to the greatest effect in the Polish newspapers. But between the Polish battles which it is im possible to see, and the Polish newspapers, which it is impossible to believe, there is the society of well informed Poles, from which something like the troth, at all events on a great number of points connected with the insurrection, may really be learnt. No one can by taking thought ascertain how many insurgents are actually in the field, and the stories published in the German newspapers about the organisation [of :insurgent " battalions," the number of battalions at present under arms, and so on, are preposterous absurdities. In a Polish insurgent battalion there are as many companies as it may be possible or convenient to get together, , in a company as many men as may happen to be at the captain's disposal. The sithemen, generally speaking, are men who have been armed with sithes because there were no rifles for them, and accord ingly there is no rule as to the number of sithe com panies included in each battalion. The sithemen are not peasants, and the sithes are of no use for mowing hay. They are simply long poles with a broad steel blade at the end, shaped like a Roman sword, and sharpened at bath edges. Most of the insurgent sithes that I have seen had been made at Sheffield, and I thought did no credit to the place of manufacture. I must add that I have no idea what price had been paid for them. Probably they were cheap, and most decidedly they were nasty ; indeed, no weapon more disagreeable to the Russian at close quarters than the sithe has yet been dis. covered. If, howeNer, no visitor to Poland, nor any Pole or number of Poles, can find out how m any fi ght. ing men aro engaged in an insurrection which rises anti falls like the waves of the sea, and wears a menacing aspect one day and another seems almost to have died away, yet no visitor who spends a short time in Cracow, or Lemberg, and uses his eyes and ears, can fail to be struck by the patriotic enthusiasm which animates all Polish society, from the highest down to those unfathom able regions in which the degraded Galician boor wonders what patriotism and national independence can mean. One inquiring Englishman, unable to understand the hostility of the Galician peasantry to the Polish insurrection, proposed a short time since to travel about the country and question the peasants for himself, but was cautioned by a Polish friend against doing anything of the kind. " The peasant," said the Polish friend," will probably not understand you, he certainly will not answer you, and more certainly still he will give you in charge to the police, and you will be accused of trying to get up a political agitation." A Pole of my ac quaintance, who thought ho might ultimately get a certain number of the Galician peasantry to join the insurrection, broke down completely in a pre liminary attempt to convince them that they were Poles. " The assians,' , said this missionary in the cause of nationality, "speak Russian and are Rus sians, the Germans speak German and are Germans, you speak Polish and what arc you ?" " Imperial ists," they replied, and really could not be persuaded that Galician proprietors, the antagonists of the Emperor, and Galician peasants, the supporters of the Emperor, were of the same sacs, 13ut the great folly of the Galician peasant consists in his belief that because there were serfs in the independent Poland of the eighteenth century, therefore there would be serfs if an independent Poland were created now. If the new generation of peasants could be sufficiently educated to be brought by means of books and newspapers into communication with. their superiors, and if the proprietors would be friend them not only by establishing schools, but also in other ways, this delusion would soon die ou' Every peasant in Poland who learns to read Polish books becomes a Pole in the full sense of the word. This he does not become when ho merely has land given to him, to which, legally, he has no more right than every rent-paying householder has to his house. I must add that some of the rich proprietors in Galicia have already :schools on their estates. The Government does not object to their being established, but imposes con ditions (such as the acceptance of a Government in- spector), which it is sometimes disagreeable to COlll ply with. Disagreeable, however, or not, the Polish proprietors know to a certainty how to increaf e and strengthen Polish feeling in Galicia without fighting and without spending much money, and it rests with them to do so or to abandon the province de- finitively to Austria. If the visitor to Poland cares to ascertain for him self in a direct and practical manner what the sen timents of the Galician peasant arc in reference to the insurrection, he need only put on a Polish tunic, a ic oeniuszko cap, and a pair of long boots, and walk better, ride, through one of the villages near ' 13 th r e t lt ill a s be s „ eine, 0. olish frontier. An English friend of up in wholioiillad not taken the trouble to got himself ago as he vi attire at all, was arrested some weeks and taken riding th e through a Galician village, petZtentnearest post of Hussars simply be cause the of his horse, or , a did not like the look of him or now of Western amps'l of the Catholic reli t rll' where the peasantry are aware of it) of thellojie and (though they are not race. In Eastern Galicia, where they are R uthen il i ate priests, such of Ruthenian G ree k ta lus, and under the influence milts with the peasant experi -17 are surgents and suspected - n ot safe, as many in insurgents h only arrested, but alsohave been not wounded h t h eme However, let him keep out or Y --M. th civilisation has not yet penetrated vill ages where , „a a foreigner arriving in Poland will not fi nd one Pole h is not a patriot mo re or less ardent. w o l: olish Let him go to Cracow, Lemberg , Wars aw , or th country around the h alf-Germani sed city o f Posen and he will scarcely find a famil y that h as not lost one or more relatives in the war. j ade. pendently of the general mourning, almost every one wears black now as a sign not of national but of domestic affliction. Some few Polish ladies, it is true, who are only grieving for the wrongs of their country, allow themselves a certain liberty and va riety in the expression of their sorrow. Thus mauve and all shades of violet are held to be tolerably fune- real colours, and coral ornaments and crimson ribands, as signifying bloodshed, may be worn. Nevertheless, the first impression one has on enter ing, not a Polish city where persons of all classes and conditions are seen together, but say rather one of the little watering places at the foot of the Car- pathians, which are crowded with just the class of persons who have suffered most in person as well as in pocket by the insurrection—is certainly that everybody has just returned from a burial; and the literal truth is, that almost everybody has some re lation or intimate friend hanged, judicially shot; killed in action, or exiled to Siberia to lament. It must be remembered that Lithuanian, Polish- Ruthenian, and pure Polish families arc all linked together by marriage, and that the atrocities cam• _ witted at Warsaw, and above all at Wilma, are not felt in the kingdom of Poland and in Lithuania alone. I can scarcely pity those who have lost even their dearest friends on the field of battle. These are losses that can be spoken of, and are spoken of, almost with pride; and before long, as the ardour of the nation goes on increasing, it will be those families whose relations have not fought at all who will find themselves in the least enviable position. I confess I reserve all my commiseration for the unspeakable sufferings of those whose friends have been executed, massacred, wounded, and hor ribly mutilated, sent with criminals into exile or imprisoned in some Russian fortress and very pos sibly tortured. Many doubt and many more dis believe that the Russian authorities still use torture as a means of forcing Polish prisoners to divulge the names of their associates and chiefs. I cannot say that they torture all prisoners whom they suspect of having some connection with the National Govern ment; but that they tortured one last January in the Warsaw citadel, under the impression that he could and would tell the secret of the great Polish conspiracy, this I can assert most positively. I not only know the victim, and have heard the story of his sufferings from his own lips, but two friends of mine in whose house the poor fellow lay wounded after Jezioranski's last battle, saw the marks of the bloody operation on his back. This unhappy young man first attracted the notice of the Warsaw police by being among the wounded aafteeinrn ho massacre of April, 1861, on which re jects, by the w a y, with scorn the notion ortsNchinae koff could have caused it to occupied a foremost place in the crowdth(ahte any y additional warning on the part of Princee :se ) G . months afterwards he was arrested an d accused with the " Central Committe e ," being connected a since transformed into the " National Govern ment." A Russian General came to him in the citadel, gave him tea and cigars, and asked him i n a polite and friendly manner to tell him what the Central Committee really w as . The pri soner replied that he knew nothing whatever about it, and as he persisted in his assertion the general flew into a violent passion and ordered him to receive 50 lashes, which were instantly applied. Ho was then again entreated and commanded to tell all he knew about the Central Committee, or at least to mention the names of his associates and (alleged) fellow-conspirators. Still refusing, and pleading absolute inability to give the desired infor mation, he was ordered to be flogged again. Under the second punishment he fainted, and remembered nothing more until he found himself in the hospital. Some weeks afterwards, as there was no evidence against him and no information could be got out of him, he was set free, and thereupon hastened to the Galician frontier, and joined the army of Gcn. Lan giewiez. After langiewicz's defeat he remained for some time at Cracow, and then, being appointed to the detachment of Gregowicz, took part in the ac tion fought on Easter Sunday at Szklary, where he received a flesh wound in the thigh. He was treated for this wound at the Hospital of the Holy Ghost at Cracow, and was well enough at the beginning of May to take service under Jczioranski, and to fight on the Bth of the month at Kobylanka. Here he was that in the back as he was calling on his men, and since then has been almost a cripple, though he is new beginning again to walk and is already looking out for another detachment. It is certain, then, that since the beginning of the present movement in Poland men have been tortured in the Russian prisons, as they have been mutilated in Russian battle-fields, and rnas • sacred by Russian soldiers, even when no battle was going on. Any one visiting Poland who has a sufficiently large acquaintance among the Poles can convince himself of such facts as these beyond a doubt. Even Prince Gortschakcff knows, and has in fact adwitted, that the Russian soldiers in one instance at least (and in these matters one instance is enough) barbarously wounded an unoffending English subject. I find from the correspondence on Polish affairs recently laid. before Parliament, that when the Prince's attention was called to a letter in an English newspaper giving an account of an attack made by Russian soldiers on Mr. Finkenstein, he replied that the account was "either incorrect or exaggerated." But in this, as in other matters, the acts of Russian Ministers are more important than their words, and as the Russian Government has since had to make heavy compensation for the out- rage in question, it may bo presumed Prince Gortschakoff is now aware that it was really com mitted. For my part, wherever I have stated posi tively that such itnd such acts of cruelty have been committed by the Russians, I have always done so on the strength of private information, obtained from the best and nearest sources. Accounts of greater atrocities than any that I have related ap pear from time to time in the Polish newspapers. Unfortunately they are not incredible, but I have no means of ascertaining whether or not they are true. Finally if the foreign investigator wishes to see how the Russians have governed Poland for the last three years, in principle for the last 33, he should go to Warsaw, when he will find the streets occupied by soldiers of all arms, as though the city had just been taken by storm. But from the wild rumours perpetually flying about Warsaw he -Ain get no ac curate notion of what is going on in other parts of Poland. If his chief aim be to study the Poles themselves, their sufferings, their aspirations, and their projects, and to hear the latest Polish news, he should stay for some time in one or both of the two chief cities of Austrian Poland, when he will find not only Galicians, but Poles from the Kingdom, from Lithuania, from Vollaynia, and, indeed, from all parts of the territory of the ancient Republic, many of them waiting only for the word of com mand to return to meet the Russians arms in hand. If, however, he should wish to see the insurrection in the Ukraine, then he must take care not to go to the Ukraine itself, but must buy the Gazeta Na rodowa, in whose columns alone (at least so far as Poland is concerned) this insurrection is to be found. SEPTEMBER 5. In the general position of affairs in Poland there has not been, and is not likely to be, any change for the present, nor until after the Western Powers and Russia shall, between them, have arrived at some solution of the Polish question. We shall then see this solution rejected by those whom it chiefly concerns, and the Polish insurrec tion will probably enter on a new phase. It may sicken and die, or it may be frozen ont of the country by a hard winter, but for a time at least it will rage more furiously than ever. While diplomatic notes are being exchanged with a view to the pacification of Poland, the Polish insurgents are getting their winter coats ready. "It is not the Six Points, it is that accursed snow that we are afraid of," said an energetic chief to me a fortnight ago, as he pointed to the highest peak in the Carpathians already clothed in white. It is now notorious that the Six Points signify nothing to the Poles. The only point they care to try is whether or not they can tire out Russia, or, by giving a lasting character to their insurrection, tempt or force some foreign Power to intervene on their behalf. The motive of the intervention is to them a matter of secondary importance. They know well enou g h th a t no one will ever help them for their own sake. But their position cannot be worse than it is now, and if any Power could on any p re text be g o t i nto a serious quarrel with Russia it mi ght be most materially improved. Submission, it S a e n e c r t e h t e o y th em,v i I Would b e th e worst of all policies, not submit except to overpowering terms, that weld?: w th er e e st t r o u en g t l reat them to accept force. If all Ea r reason for continuing wined itsg onlyas an additional say, "looks upon Polt: i t:d "Eu rope," they pe'resent position as danger. -w, a o : e t o m re akz u t o h p i e s a constant source of re it. shall have be troubled and to be alarnaed.' truth as apparent as p ossible, is troubled on our account, th a e n t cause to T b perhaps over - estimate their i mportance in but if the European nations ma hEeuProoplee' s family living in one large house, ye reg arded a t hen there ironnee member of this family who for some time pa'st h as been pinioned in his own room, and who is always endeavouring, to set the house on fire, in the hop e that during the general conflagration he may h ave a chance of getting free. This, I suppose, is the real danger to Europe from the Polish quarter ; thonh WORCESTER MUSICAL FESTIVAL, WORCESTER, Sept. 11. Mozart's " Requiem," thanks to the example set by our admirable Sacred Harmonic Scciety, seems to have taken permanent root at the country festivals —the better for art, which cannot but derive benefit from the frequent contem plation of so incomparable a model. There was much to praise in the performance of the "Requiem" at Worcester Cathedral. The four solo singers—Madlle. Tietjens, Mdm. Sainten-Dolby, Mr. Wilbye Cooper, and Mr. Weiss--ap preached their task with becoming reverence ; and their singing throughout was marked no less by devotional feel ing than correctness. An unimprovable text could hardly have been more religiously respected. The three quartets— " Tuba mirum," " Recordare, Jeau pie," and " Benedictus —were singularly well given, the "Recordare" more espe cially, a movement alike the admiration of musicians and amateurs, and which, towards the end, when the ear and the mind have been rapt in a sense of continuous beauty, contains a new and unexpected passage,— " Inter eves locum prfesta, Et ab hwdis me sequestra, Statuens in parte dextra." more eloquent than all the rest. Never was uplifted prayer clothed in a strain of such persuasive loveliness. The mem bers of the chorus in most instances did their duty well. The florid counterpoint in the magnificent fugue of the " Kyrie eleisen"—built upon a subject closely resembling that of "And with his stripes," in "The Messiah"—might have been steadier, and more precision on the part of the conduc tor would have been advantageous to the resumption of the "Requiem reternam dona nobis," after the soprano solo, " Lux roterna" (Madlle. Tietjens) ; but there was little else with which to find fault. The sublime " Dies ira)" left no thing to wish ; and as much may be said of the " Rex tre mends3 majestatis"—tremendous in its majestic embodi ment of the theme. The " Confutatis tualedietis)! was equally happy. The last verse of this,— " Oro supplex et accliuis, Cor contritum quasi cinis; Gere curam mei finis"— . .. as exquisitely pathetic in its supplication as that in the " Recordare" is consoling, was thrillingly impressive. With what poetic truth the distinction between the two is ima gined and conveyed need hardly los insisted on, when it is remembered that in the " Confutatis" the supplicant is ad dressing the Supreme Judge, while in the "Recordare" his appeal is to the gentle Saviour. To the honour of the Wor cesterians be it recorded that their chorus-singers appeared to enter into the feeling of this distinction with just as firm conviction as the eminent quartet of solo-singers who came all the way from London to sing the "Recordare." The " Lachrymosa dies illa," with the striking passage of slowly ascending intervals on the line " Qua resurget ex favilla"— which a celebrated critic in his analysis of the work has de scribed as a " play upon words, less frequent in Mozart than in Handel" —(it were fortunate if every musical composer could play upon words like Mozart in the " Requiem" and Handel in his "Israel I")—was not quite so immaculate, though still an excellent performance. The elaborate and masterly Offertorium ( " Domaine Jesu Christe," and " Hostias et preces Tibl") was given with remarkable clear ness; its ingenious contrivances were effectively revealed, and its most characteristic points—for example, the Rex glorias " and ' 6 Do ore leonis," in the " Domine Jcsu Christo," and the mystic progression of harmony to which the prayer for resurrection after death (" Fac nobis, Do mine, de morte transire ad vitam") is set, one of the most extraordinary passages in this extraordinary composition— expressed with startling vividness. The "Sanctus" usher ing(quartet), wa s qu it e as satisfac tory, o ry in the " Benedictus" the short fughetla, " Hosanna in exce l s i s, " which comes twice, being each time delivered with commen d a b le another example of d ee p p p a r e t h c i o s s i o u n B . t e T d h t e o " a A bs g tr il a u c s t P m e u 4 ;cal beauty of the high es t order—was equally fine, and nothing could have been better than the subdued tone in which the appealing phrase " Dona nobis paean" was uttered. The last chorus—merely- a repetition of the first, as with "The horse and his rider " in Handel's " Israel "—has been mentioned. The effect of the "Requiem" in a cathedral is something wholly apart—peculiar and indescribable. What a work No wonder Mozart was so painfully anxious to be spared long enough to enable him to finish it (without the inter vention of his pupil Sussmayer)—for assuredly it is his " Transfiguration." Beethoven's " Christ on the Olive Montt," great as it is in many respects, sounded occasion ally a trifle melodramatic after the "Requiem." Something of this may be laid to the account of the tame and unwar rantable En g li sh version to which —under the name of ngedi," th e refuge -place and stronghold pursued by S au l (" Samuel, " of David, when Book I.) —it is too f requent l y the Netora now to Ally it, Zeett‘oven would under no yre- THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, SE PrEMBE R § 12, 1863 —if, as the Poles say, it can only be averted by restor ing Poland to the independent position which she occupied some considerable time before the first dismemberment—the danger is at least as great on one side as it is on the other. In the meantime, how ever, Poland, with national independence, and not material prosperity under a foreign Government for her object, has nothing to hope as long as she remains quiet, while as long as she remains in arms there is at least a chance that she may have the opportunity of profiting by the ambition, jealousy, or fear of some foreign power or powers. As to the actual prospects of the insurrection it certainly is not decreasing. Poles just arrived here from Warsaw—men who have the very best sources of information open to them—assure me that the detachments in the kingdom are not less numerous than they were, and that they fight better than ever. indeed, when the insurrection began the Poles had nothing but their courage to depend upon, whereas now they have many thousands a experienced soldiers among them, broken in to all the hardships of a campaigning life, and well ac quainted with the weak and strong points of the enem y. A hundred well-armed men who have been fighting the Russians off and on since January ordinary must be worth a thou san d o f t h ose who first preparation,com mencedithouttnemost without skill, and the often struggle withoutwithout even implements of war. The most sanguine of the insurgents say not only that they will be able to last through the winter, but they can even make the winter tell against their foe, if they confine their operations off his supplies. It is said once more that the peasants in several districts and throughout Podlachia are beginning to help the insurgents, and that they do outpost duty at night while the fighting men sleep. We know that they cannot like the Russians, and now that the insurrection has lasted so long they may consider, here and there, that there is really some thing in it, and that the Russians, since they are unable to suppress it, cannot, after all, be so very powerful. It is an axiom in Poland, accepted equally by democrats and aristocrats, that the peasant can be influenced only by force ; and as regards the Polish peasant, so long accustomed to foreign and despotic rule, this is probably the truth. Now, the Polish insurrection has in several districts been for many months a permanent force, and to some thousands of peasants such a chief as Lelewel, who since the beginning of the insurrection has fallen upon the Russians, on an average, about once a week, and has seldom failed to beat them, is as much the representative of power as the Emperor of Russia himself. The Russians in Warsaw declare that the insur rection is virtually at an end, and that the Emperor has now only to deelaro a constitution for Poland and for all Russia in order to silence the Western Powers, tranquilise Poland, and at the same time satisfy his own Russian subjects. It is said posi tively it is with reference to this project that the Grand Duke has gone to St. Petersburg, where it is believed that the Marquis Wielopolski will be sum moned to meet him. The proclamation, however, of a Constitution for all the Russian empire, includ ing Poland, would not tranquilise the Poles. The Poles wish to separate themselves from Russia, and the proposed measure—which if introduced before the national hatred between the two countries had been roused might have been attended with success —would have the effect of binding them to Russia more closely than ever. Moreover, the Poles share the opinion expressed last session by Lord Russell in the House of Lords as to the value of Russian promises. A parchment Constitution, which may be solemnly granted to them at Warsaw one year, and the year afterwards rolled up, put into a cart, and driven off to Moscow, is, according to their settled conviction, not worth having. They may be right or wrong, but the present plan is to go on fighting until they are either assisted from abroad or unti the insurrection is crushed out by brute force. The Polish and German papers have been pub lishing contradictory accounts as to Saczanowski's recent exploits in the neighbourhood of Czensto chau. It appears certain, however, that he has sustained a very serious defeat, and that the insur rection has received a great blow in the west of the kingdom. is thought certain that, whatever motive may have taken the Grand Duke to St. Petersburg, be will not—at least not under present circumstances —return to Warsaw. The position was as unten able for him as for Count Limbert, General Souk hozinett, and Prince Gortschakefl, and he will not again attempt to hold it. text have tolerated such a liberty --a liberty, by the way, easy to render superfluous by putting the words allotted to the Saviour in the third person, and thus imparting to the whole of the form of a narrative—like the description of that of i t,oiif Norwß Mozart's hewieeathhs Beethoven ' s heeenp,,es, piece,ir f ii onaridmi inde pendent uhpnejiencat generally odeh r eo a :f s t s twh i o originalitya e n s in 8 unquestionable u l I u a gi n t e d a e ts l o ' t s gil ' oe , a: conclusion,ie ags sao "Messiah;' hr h a: v was, perhaps, never more emphatically y a h t . a e tv d Toaeh t tgheaibavl first enl give in this nTeffh aeenceffect to tdhi writtengse solo-singersunl aap i s fi set e ri bdtwade stands rinenecd declamatory "The p oah o ntheo s da i r n dyr ge Mount llr chorus,reocaain recitative adhf te:lvw while Olives"h ehav i ni c e: d h er mv ws composed in ee i h g r d et hi le ct composed a "H a ll e l u j a h" —nay, even had Handel never Mademoiselle Ti e tj ens, Mr. Wilbye Cooper, and Mr. Mr. Cooper, although apparently indisposed, yP strove ener geticallyair at the beginning —one of the Chevaux de bataille of Mr Sims Reeves, for whom Mr. Cooper in this passage of the , pratorio obligingly acted as substitute. Mr. Reeves, how ever, was doubtless husbanding his means for the scene of the Watchman in the " Lobgesang" of Mendelssohn (the last piece in a tryingly long, but unexceptionally interesting selection). This remarkable passage —the more remarkable inasmuch as it was an afterthought of the composer, who, never easily satisfied with his own works (instance the ad dition t shh ß een i d r r m oa nr i n id g . e hr. re-performed ) f ) eo , t rtremenfeudeseeundnl could iold he e a i ti v he e , a and alt era ti on i n " Elij ah, " after its first performance had n t h m e d a w d " e h L o i e , t b i a g o. : r s c e a o - n m e g o plc i p t d e u e b a r -s -ing his work, was inspired with one of those thoughts which most splendidly reflect his genius, has never been delivered by any other singer as by Mr. Sims Reeves, the first to enter thoroughly into the spirit of it, and still tjie only one who has the secret of giving it appropriate significance. " Watch man, will the night soon pass?" is so closely identified with this gentleman, and so entirely suits his means and style, that one might almost have believed that it (and indeed the plaintive air " lie counteth all your sorrows," which he sings equally well) had been expressly intended for him by the composer; but as the "Lobgesang" was written in 1840, and Mr. Sims Reeves did not make his debut in Lon don as prime tenore assoluto till 1817, when the late Mona. hillier). opened Drury-lane for opera, a month after Men delssohn's death—it is scarcely necessary to urge that this could not have been the case. The pity is that Mendelssohn should not have lived to hear so genial an interpretation of one of his most felicitous and poetical imaginings. The other solo singers in the " Lobgesang" were Madame Lem mens Sherrington and Miss Banks, who gave the melodi ous duet (with chorus), "I waited for the Lord," with per fect taste and expression. In the duet with Mr. Reeves — "My song shall be always Thy mercy"—Madm. Sherring ton was equally successful, while in tho solo that announces the stupendous and exciting chorus, " The night is depart ing," the clear soprano of this accomplished songstress (to employ a much-abused and highly-flown common-place, excusable only in hurried reports—and when a compliment, as in this instance, being richly earned, must in fairness be paid) " rang round the aisles, penetrating to every corner of the sacred edifice, and filling it with silvery sound." (1) The choruses in the " Lobgesang" were for the most hi natniah.rddoeemnyhooettuhrneagldwt,p,baerisiiay::Bt..ntsresh:inomospifautnhea effectiveti ag:l3,:dho,terev itrihaaoens:wriaimemprieonmsioon: part given with spirit, if not invariably with precision (instance " Praise the Lord with lute and harp," and " Ye nations"), The best, perhaps, was the noble Lutheran chorale, the second verse of which is accompanied in the elaborate style of J. S. Bach, and with a richer orchestral colouring than the resources disposed of by the Thuringian Colossus could by any possibility have enabled him to pre sent. Here both " spirit" and " precision" were observed. The three symphonic movements with which this work t w h h e e i n e t b h , e e y sa h v a begins were for the most part admirably played, and created a marked impression. The cases are so rare in which exclu sively orchestral music be heard in a cathedral that compared with nothing else. The allegretto in G minor of melancholy which from susceptible people, under such ex ceptional conditions, religiose is like music from above ; whine the majestic in troduction—the first announcement of the chorale which impresses its character upon the entire work--and the might easily draw l'a s a tears vein ; theof p ecu l iar adag io ear nest, strong, and splendidly worked allegro, to which it leads, is calculated to inspire the hearer with the sentiment of vigorous resolution and exalted faith. The second and third miscellaneous concerts, in the Col lege-hall, bore so strong a family resemblance to the first, evening's iint unprofitable g w ,s ou ee ld ne b e e rt te w di a o a u: l a e n r d deiseehn,s to describe the pro grammes piece by piece. The grand feature of Wednesday which, on the whole, was a somewhat ance, although the solo vocal parts were as effectively t W sl a o l y p e u n rg ly is p N er a f e o h rni t,': sung by Mr. Wilbye Cooper, Miss Palmer, and Mr. Weiss as could reasonably be desired. No voice is better suited, by weight and volume, to the solemn declamatory passages of the chief Druid than that of Mr. Weiss. Among the choice " bits" in the rest of this concert were Dussek's canzonet, "Name the glad day," one of the most successful revivals at the Monday I'opular Concerts—set down very properly for Reeves, Miss Banks; whe ga v t e h e i t tenor air of t ; 11 e m g e a fir garden ya nssteueen,nege recitative from by Ai 11 .. . and air, 's,, G"riajuescr;ele:iitui e p tl e ti l y ,,, well fitted fitted to Mr. Sims lace's "Bell-ringer," another favourite at the Monday 'I" z " . S. h .. tea,hili t rloco , ,n u siovula - ir:sd li b,:esseludatoedyn i i.c i a , ,airoojb:annhit , I,teceiot, , e , cyrt , alrna, asdLyns, yesterday 4cstatpo , el , llll , e.faddety , oaanst - yitan e t ontral t 0 ; '' M' 'w9 i _ Popular Concerts, intrusted, us a matter of course, to Mr. Santley, and as usual encored, the cavatiaa from " s ine erezia Borgia," Bung—how, need not be said—by Made moiselleTietiens; "Sweet bird," from Handel's "L'Allegro ed it Penseroso," charmingly warbled by Madame Sher rington, and skilfully accompanied on the flute by Mr. Pratten ; Professor Bennett's graceful ballad " Sing, plaY.Y:ininPohowloYutial‘lle'yerbeeria ring"psinraaenitcttliyeery;; duet,e n : d la , ,I\ l l l ,o . hri S et i ,L r i e na s ae l rt t f e . e t v (eA e si s ea — d et e i f u m c es o r su e ni tilt() Sherrington i b ra .: g2ol.Bneeranntcdi whichi i‘ c l t i ' , e . Mademoiselle Tietjens playedobtained viith one of heartiestetthdeinary vigour, the best the tchreenflestthivea‘l:RTnhinereeewf-aAs Athens," te-,h,e, and d rt t u h r e e , i , thanah and d tthh : applause ove overture r. a t v t rteehdleenaineneetee.ddralejav:wyjetierabostynieheTui e .ce a cot r iniFoo t y onfr peo a tett n ntro d . merited encores of sghscg3t t , i hee : abirnDlnseaele ‘ enenc ' cuec,rec E drtatanrmevetlt u cicd::. oss r uoethrs y aerdoeo a TsoohiN l l n, etarlityieo chorus" , an " i liiMc tut ri et p A ie t e t e h_ o i of daughter" h '' ough she a chieved a legitimate success. Miss Done (with orchestra) — for those who(N w e. i B sh ), ed w t i o lie l h ist w en e to the love with her task. utne Tell." The overetulergeawntassong d"anntlitilherelaaelsvitnioilulniogn;s7(lo (Itigoletto), splen didly musica b er l y e Beethoven's crowded, atth e i r ,indeed,ea, 6 ti i a heard better the first act of voci ferously applaud; the rest we must "Here on the Sainton and applauded to the echo d — id e l l y ar p io l n ay et e , d M b r y . 1\ 1.4 1 E: viru s ) ; the brilliant aria i , Di questa speranza," from Sig nor Schira's ' Nicole de Lapi" Mademoielele Tiet- Sherrington—flat e M r. P ra tt en ) Tiet jens) ; a scene for with Gluck 's " c ontr alto Miss (Palmer),P ) Orleo ;" "A h vous dirai 'j e chorus, from "The S avoyard " (Mr. Sims ni Si a g in no all r " Pi ( a A t i ti a ' d s am b e al lad ' Reeves, encored) ; ii Oh ruddier th an the cherry, " famously dashed off by Mr. Santley ; two new and pretty ballads, by Mr. lilaefarren---- ,, Th e MountaineeeeWife," and "Maggie's S Sainthn) ; and Si gnor A r diti' s p o p u l a r vales, eee t for which Mdll e. Tietjens has so strong real effecti veness, not unnatura l par r:': I I ( A B I a d c m i o e :" and, considering its par tiality. The concert terminates' with the National Anthem (harmonized by Dr. Elvey), in which some of the principal s i ngers, w ith great good taste, consented and remained to take part. On the whole, the evening concerts have been much the least inte r e stin g features of this music meeting. , Without plan, charac ter, or novelty to recommend them, they o w d e a r y e tfhoer iinpe them ri o s s h t ab P l a e rt simply tiresome. T "Messiah," in which all the chief rstook Festival to an end. As usual, the Cathedral was crammed to the e doors, m I:table to obtain admission to the si singers part,nu numbers, rorsn llthe musical proceedings of the nave, taking refuge in the choir, behind the orchestra,where they its ~ hear, if th e y co uld not see. Such c h orus es as " Hallelujah and "'Worthy is the Lamb , " with prodigiousand magnificent "Amen," can be heard in one place under just a s f a vourable circumstances as in a t least could the n o tvhi rib—lemhessotnioef respects perhaps more favourable, inas muchsisgers and . as the enormous volume of sound, proceeding from bor dering upon the mysterious, their solemn grandeur players, has an effect im pressing the hear er w i th an i n def i nable sentiment of awe. Thi s was the case today, when many in the choir , because ai n unable to get elsewhere, would not willingly have changed places with those in the nave. Of the execution of Handel's sacred masterpiece it is unnecessary to say one word. It is the most familiar of all oratorios to the vocal and instru mental performers as well as to the audience, and for this reason it is invariably bettor given and invariably better appreciated than any other work of the kind. Such, in all probability, will be the ease 100 years hence, when sonic future Mr. Bewley will project a grand festival in honour of the bicentenary anniversary of Handel's death,—at the Crystal Palace, should that enchanting edifice endure so long— and some future Mr. Dane, or Smith, or Amott, will direct the performance of the " Messiah " at Worcester, Hereford, or Glocester. What other sacred composition, extant or yet unborn, is likely to enjoy an equal chance of endurance ? No other —because no subject can approach the dignity of the "Messiah," and because Handel has set the " Messiah." Hornituan's Full benefit of re d uce d d u ty obtained by pur chasing4s. if High Standard " a t 4 s . 4d. (formerly 4s. B d. l, is the strongest and roost delicious imported. Ag ents in every pure Tea ; very choice at 3s. 4d. and town supply it in vaekets. CAL VEnTISEMENT.I —Holloway's pills.—lmpaired Con stitutions.—The infirm are, unfortunately, most prone to best purifiers, become the victims to dm; ..orous maladies unless the purity carefully guarded. HolloN"vay's 'Allan an be reconimended n ,ver create disgust, and y disordered. 'They alteratives, and do not cause the weakness and o aperients when C." , body is naturally weak of the h vital organs b e ppres ,sion too often tonne- or accidental] quent on the frequent repetition of the orL i mary drastic drugs which are sometimes thoughtlessly, thCugh moat disas trously, prescribed. These pills, in truth, ear . efully guard the constituents of the animal frame; the ent:lch the blood when . poor in quality ; they increase tha y t Raid When deli- Ci'3lt ln quantity, and tawap .•trenl:t4en, BIRD MURDER. Mr. F. 0. Morris, in a letter to a contemporary, says : The son of Sirach tells us that "all things are double, one against another, and God hath made nothing imperfect;" and I hope to be able to prove that, as the logical formula we learnt at Oxford shows that the universal includes the particular, so the adage is true of birds and the place they hold between benefit conferred and injury done. Now, birds may be classed unscientifically into large and small, but both alike unfortunately are to be included under the general category of "bird murder," on which subject your columns have contained so many forcible and interest ing letters. By large birds I mean owls, jays, kestrels, nightjars, and even woodpeckers, and by small such as sparrows, yellowhammers, finches, titmice, "et id genus omne." Both of these classes are victims of persecution from mistaken motives, the persons who pursue them to death being. indeed, different—peers and peasants, farmers and gamekeepers, and their objects different—bread and the battue ; but the crime is ultimately, as I shall have to show, to be laid at the door of only one of these parties to it— namely, the former. The cause assigned for the destruction of small birds is the damage they do to the corn, and of large the damage they do to game. I will take the former first, and, as I stated in the former communication you did me the favour of inserting that I would forward to you, when I could find time for doing so, some interesting facts bearing on the question, I shall now endeavour to fulfil the pledge. It has just been stated in the papers that the Norfolk farmers have this year completed their harvest in three weeks. Say that the ordinary time is a month, and assum ing for the moment that for these few weeks—viz , while the grain is in a ripe state—the produce of the cornfields is exposed to the depredations of a host of small birds to the extent that is commonly and most ignorantly supposed, on which point I shall have a good deal to say before I have done, there remain 11 months out of the 12 during which it is simply impossible they can be feeding on ripe grain, in asmuch as there is no ripe grain for them to feed on. How, then, are they employed for the most part during these other 11 months? I will show how they aro occupied during a part of that time; and lot it bo reruembared that though the facts I am about first to state have reference to the feeding of young birds by the old, yet that these same young birds, if indeed allowed to live, will require daily and hourly food, and will find it for themselves during the remainder of the year. The following observations were made by Mr. Weir for Mr. Macgillivray, whose "History of British Birds" is one of the most elaborate and carefully accurate books that were ever written on anysubject, but the character of its lamented author is too well known to need any panegyric from me. Mr. Macgillivray truly remarks, in preluding the observa tions I am about to quote, that "no such patient watchings have ever been instituted by any ornithologist." They seem to me conclusive on this part of the subject, but you have only to look out of your window just after a shower on a rainy day, and watch a pair of wagtails on the lawn with their newly-fledged brood, and see the incessant manner in which they run and flit about, catching unerringly an in sect every few seconds, or lean over the rails between your garden and the adjoining newly-mown grass field, and hear the repeated snap of the swallow's bill as he quarters his ground backward and forward catching a fly every time, to tell you that the number of insects annually destroyed by our native small birds must be vast beyond calculation. I will begin with the thrush. Mr. Weir writes:— "At the distance of 9 feet from a thrush's nest, which was built in an old wall, I erected a hut with some branches of spruce and Scotch fir, and took possession of it on the morning of Thursday, the Bth of June, 1837, at a quarter past 1 o'clock, fer the purpose of making observations on the habits of these birds. At half-past 2 they commenced feeding their brood. From that time until 4 they fed them 14 times. From 4to half-past 5 o'clock they fed them 22 times. As one of the young birds was dressing its feathers it lost its balance and fell on the ground. No sooner did the old ones perceive it than they set up the most doleful lamentations, I replaced it in the nest. Having seen me return to my retreat they would not feed their young until I came out. I accordingly went home for my boy, who, ,after I had gone in again, carefully concealed the entrance. His departure attracted their notice, for, having followed him to a considerable distance, they returned, and, without suspicion, commenced their labour. From half-past 6 until 7 o'clock they fed them 24 times. From 7to 8 they fed them 1 6,times,and from 8 to 9 eleven times. From 10 to 11 they fed them 10 times, and from Ito 2 11 times. From 2 to 3 they fed them eight times, and from 3 to 4 six times, From 4 to 5 they fed them five times, from 5 to 6 six times, and from 6t07 12 times. From 7to 8 they fed them 13 times, and from Bto half-past 917 times. They now ceased from their labours for the day, after having fed their brood 206 times." Take next the blackbird : "On Saturday morning, June 10, 1837, at half-past 2 o'clock, I went into a house made of the branches of trees to watch the blackbirds while they were feeding their brood. It was within nine feet of their nest, which was built in the hole of an old wall. At a quarter -past 3 o'clock iu the morning they began to feed their young, which were four in number. .e'rom nett the. until 4 o'olook the male Only fed them once, and sang almost incessantly, while the female fed them six times. From 4 to 5 o'clock the male fed them six and the female three times ; ?rem 5 to 6 the male fed them four, and the female five times ; from 6 to 7 the male fed them three, and the female five times; and from 7 to 8 the male fed them three times. For the last four hours he sang most delightfully, except when he was feeding his tender off spring. As he had induced ono of them to fly out after him, I was under the necessity of fixing it into its nest, and this caused some interruption to their feeding. From Bto 9 o'clock the male fed them six, and the female seven times; and from 9 to 10 o'clock the male fed them four, and the fe-male three times. From 10 to 11 o'clock the!male fed them three and the female two times; from 11 to 12 the male fed them two, and the female three times; from 12 to 1 o'clock _ _ he male fed them two, and the female four times; and from 1 to 2 the male fed them twice and the female thrice. From 2 to 3 o'clock the female fed them twice; and from 3 to 4 the male fed them three, and the female four times. From 4 to 5 o'clock the male fed them three, and the female four times; from 5 to 6 o'clock the female fed them only twice; and from 6to 7 she fed them three times. In the evening the male was so much engaged in singing that he left the charge of his family almost entirely to his tender hearted spouse. From 7to 8 o'clock the male fed them only once, and the female six times, and from 8 to 20 minutes to 9 o'clock, when they ceased from their mutual labours, the male fed them once, and the female seven times. When I left my retreat to repair to my more comfortable abode, the male was pouring fourth his most charming melody. Thus, in the course of a single day, the male fed the young 44, and the female 69 times. Again, the blue titmouse : On Tuesday morning, the 4th of July, 1837, at a quarter past 2 o'clock, I went out to observe the titmentse feeding their brood. At half-past 3 o'clock in the morning the birds began to feed their young, which were six in number. From that time until 4 o'clock they fed them 12 times, and from 4to 5 o'clock 25 times. From sto 6 o'clock they fed them 40 times, which was astonishing, as during the whole of this hour they flew to a plantation at the distance of more than 150 yards from their nest. From 6to 7 o'clock they fed them 29 times. During a part of this hour they flew in every minute. From 7 to 8 o'clock they led them 20 times. During this hour it rained very heavily. From 8 to 9 o'clock they fed them 36 times, and from 9to 10 o'clock 46 times. During a part of this last hour they fed them 12 times in five minutes. From 10 to 11 o'clock they fed them 37 times, and from 11 to 12 o'clock 39 times, and from 12 to 1 o'clock 24 times. From 1 to 2 o'clock they fed them 23 times, and from 2 to 3 o'clock 34 times, and from 3 to 4 o'clock 18 times. From 4to 5 o'clock they fed them 29 times, and from 5 to 6 o'clock 25 times, and from 6 to 7 o'clock 20 times, and from 7 to half-past 8 o'clock 25 times. They now stopped, after having been al most incessantly engaged for nearly 17 hours in theirlaboura of love, and after having fed their young 475 times. They appeared to feed them solely with caterpillars. Sometimes they brought in a single large one, and at other times two or three small ones. It is therefore impossible to say how many have been carried in by them during the day." So, again, Mr. Knapp, in his justly popular Journal of a Naturalist, has the following interesting notice respecting this species : ,6 I was lately exceedingly pleased in witnessing the ma ternal care and intelligence of this bird, for the poor thing had its young ones in the hole of a wall, and the nest had been nearly all drawn out of the crevice by the paw of a cat, and part of its brood devoured. In revisiting its family the bird discovered a portion of it remaining, though wrapped up and hidden in the tangled moss and feathers of their bed, and it then drew the whole of the nest back into the place from whence it had been taken, unrolled and resettled the remaining little ones, fed them with th e usual attentions, and f ina lly succeeded in roaring them. Th e parents ofeventhl g grub,this reduced family laboured with great perseverance t its wants, one or the other of th em bringing a r) e su r " ca terpillar, or some insect, at i n t erva l s of less than minute through the day; and prob a bl y i n the earlier part of the morning more frequently, b u t if we allow that they brought food to the hole every mi nu t e f or 15 hours, and provided for their own wants al so , i t w ill admit of perhaps 1,000 grubs a day for the requirement s o f one, and that a diminished brood, and gives us some comprehension of the infinite num ber requisite for the summer nutriment of our soft• billed birds, and the great distance gone over by such as have young ones, in their numerous trips from hedge to tree in the hours specified, when they have full broods to support." PRESENTATION TO A BRITISH CAPTAIN.--A gra- tifYing presentation was made yesterday at the Sailors' Home, in Liverpool, from the President of the United States to Captain Robert Clarke, of the Glasgow ship General Neil. At the request of the Board of Trade, to whom it had been transmitted, Mr. George Kendall, chairman of the Liverpool Local Marine Board, made the presentation, which was a handsome gold watch, with chronometer movement, bearing a suitable inscription. It appeared that on the 15th of March, 1862, when on a voyage from Bombay to Liverpool, Captain Clarke, in the Indian Ocean, fell in with the ship Scargo, Captain Hows, of Boston, in a sinking condition, she having been completely disabled two days before by a cyclone. On nearing the Soargo Captain Clarke himself went on board of her, and perceiving the plight they wore in he took off the captain and crew and one passenger and put them on board of hi s QWI atiPa SPIRIT OF THE PURIM JOURNALS, TIMES. , —The Polish jtestiort is still without an answer. It can hardly be doubted any lenger that the hopes recently entertained of a liberal policy on the part of the Emperor of Russia were little better founded than the innumerable canards which fill the Continental papers on the Polish insurrection. Our correspondent, indeed, mentions the rumoer as posi tively asserted by the Russians at Warsaw, but he places no confidence in it. Such a course was ob viously open to the Emperor of Russia, and we can only regret that he is not so wise as his Prussian friends represented him. He might not, indeed, have been able to induce the Poles at once to accept his promises. They would probably, as our corre pendent points out, have rejected such an arrange ment the more impatiently because its direct ten dency would have been to destroy the national independence, for which alone they are fighting. But the Emperor would, at least for the time, have disarmed the Western Powers, and extin guished any hopes in the minds of the Poles of intervention for the present. As the insurrection feeds itself on the hope of foreign interference, this might have been the most effectual mode of starving it out, and a reasonable moderation after wards would have ensured the Czar's victory. But as we now seem thrown back again on the old scene of incessant bloodshed in Poland and endless diplomatic correspondence in Europe, we are natu rally led to reflect on the condition and pro spects of each side of the drama. As to the insurrection itself, whatever may be the daily exaggerations which reach us from Polish sources, there is no doubt that it continues, end that the Russians have not yet been able to check it with any considerable success. The insurgents are gradually acquiring skill, and though numbers of them have perished, those who remain are more dangerous to the Russians than the untrained masses who met them at first. When the next winter conies, if 'it be not as mild as the last—a very unlikely supposition—it will be a very diffe rent story. The snow is more freezing to the Polish patriots than the six points of the Western powers. Their bands only exist by help of the protection which tho forests give them. It they were obliged to leave the woods and maintain themselves in the open country they would soon be annihilated by Russian troops; and it is well known that the Russians reckon on the winter to drive the rebels from their fastnesses, and thus bring them within reach of their forces. Winter, however, is still some way off, and if the Emperor of the French chose to do more than remonstrate he has .time to give the Poles some material assistance before they are frozen into submission. Their leaders do not measure the value of the lives they spend by the success gained; they shed the blood for the sake of the bloodshed, for when Poland bleeds they are sure that Europe is wounded. It is a sad spectacle to see a nation thus throwing away its best men in the effort of mere despair. There is an utter hope lessness in the prospect of every side. The only ob ject for which the Poles expect the Western Powers to intervene is one which, it is certain, is absolutely unattainable, and even if it could be attained it is very doubtful whether matters would bo improved. Every other voice, however, protests against such an operation. England, France, and Austria remons trate and threaten the surgeon, whose knife is already operating, if he persist. We are not going to weaken the protest: but we must say that such an interference entails the gravest responsibility. Civilised nations are certainly bound to protest pub licly against the horrible cruelties which the Rus sians contemplate and are already executing. But if the Western Powers do not under any circum stances intend to gofurther than protesting, if they are resolved not to interfere by force of arms, they are bound to let the Poles know their determination at once. We have done this. We have declared that we will use every influence short of war to in duce the Emperor of Russia to treat Poland with justice, humanity, and generosity ; but our Minis ters have stated at the same time, in the plainest language, that they will not, under any circum stances, plunge this country into a war for an object uncertain, unattainable, and dangerous. We trust that the other Powers will take an equally direct course. HERALD.—WO have good reason to believe that the Government has committed itself to an overt act in the affair of the steam rams built at Birken head. We are informed that Earl Russell, on Wed nesday, dispatched, by written missive, a positive order to Messrs. Laird to prevent these vessels leav ing their yards without an ample explanation of their deetination, and a sustainable reference to the owner or owners for whom they are constructed. The Foreign-effice has thus distinctly pledged itself to the Federal policy which has been imposed upon it. With Out regard to the explicit and simple provisions of the existing laws of the country, without regard to the general sense of fairness and equity, which animates the English nation in its rendering and translation of the Foreign Enlistment Act, Lord Palmerston, or rather Earl Russell, leading his more aged Premier, has deter mined to exercise a power that could only be dele gated by the assembled Legislature of the land. It is asserted that this step of prohibition has been resolved upon and carried out solely because, at the present juncture," time is thought to be precious to the Confederates." Apprehensive that these steam rams may at once be used to reinforce the Confede rate navy, the Cabinet has acted directly as a par tisan, and has agreed to follow the fashion of the American bench, and proceed upon "presumption" and " suspicion." It is now affirmed, moreover, that the French Ambassador has been appealed to as to the possibility or non-possibility of a French subject haring ordered vessels of this stamp of an Engtish shipbuilder. There is declared to have come a proper official reply from his excellency that no French sub ject has any legal right to possess or purchase ves sels of war, either for himself or on behalf of others. Earl Russell, it is said, argues to himself that these vessels could only be vessels for the wariike purposes of a State or an individual. His lordship holds that Messrs. Laird are bound to declare—Eind sustain ou unimpeachable testimony such declaration-- the Government for whom the steam ra,rris have been built. The Secretary i for Foreign n also of opinion that, if t is vessels are for an i n di v id ual owner, native or that A id t r Ja s es is e foreign, that individual could only be a privatea.r or a pirate. And it is on these grounds that the Government has made up its mind. At any rate, the English Government is now firmly resolved to try the question in a court of law, and, if amerced for damages, to make an appeal for support to the House of Commons. There can be no doubt that the member for Birkenhead, who is a man of action, of high spirit, and undaunted temper, will take up the challenge. His business, in his eyes, is not to be at the mercy of the Foreign Office. So marked an obedience to the pressure from the Federal G 0... ... vernment will have to be thoroughly explained and accounted for, and the bureaux of the Foreign Office will have to yield up and publish some very peculiar correspondence before the whole secret of this extraordinary step is to be thoroughly under stood by the public. For the last six weeks Earl Russell is declared to " have had his eye" upon these vessels; his hand has been itching to seize them; he thinks he can hold them, and that the nation will support him in what] he has done. Bat whether sustained or not by his fellow-countrymen, we must repeat, those who support Earl Russell in this policy affirm that his lordship's satisfaction will be complete from the assurance that he will have delayed the uses of these formidable craft. To us this measure seems rash, impolitic, and unworthy of an English Minister. The voice of the country throughout this horrible civil war has ever said to Its representatives, "Be fair, be ,just, be honour able." Treat both sides alike. Amend the law wherever necessary. But above all things do not wrest it to serve your own prejudices ! SOMETHING " VERY LIKE A WHALE" CAF. TIMED EY LADIES NEAR BIDEFORD.—A few days ago a young whale about three feet long was taken near the far-famed pebble-ridge, Northam Burrows. The cap ture was effected by some young ladies who, while on a bathing expedition, espied the little "monster" in a pool of water in the sand left by the receding tide. A few weeks since one similar in size was secured by a fisherman, near Brauntan, about two or three miles from the same place.— Western Morning News. THE DULL SEASON having now fairly set in, and the columns of the daily papers are as usual, says the Queen, busily occupied with the discussion of more or less trivial questions cropping up for discussion accord ing to custom, at this period of the long vacation. The Times has been more than commonly unsavoury in its choice of subjects; but, among the rest, it treats its readers once more to the old hotel grievance in a new form. The question whether the landlady of the Hafod Hotel was civil or uncivil to a party of excursionists seems to rival in im portance the proceedings of the Frankfort Congress, and the balance of testimony is about as conflicting as that which in fluences the opinions of men as to the authorship of Junius, or any other disputed point. How the matter is to be de cided we can scarcely presume to deride. Three gentlemen of known position declare plainly, citing words and circum stances, that they were ill-treated, vituperated, and insulted, and forthwith a number of other gentlemen (some subscrib ing their names, and others writing anonymously) declare that they have never experienced anything but kindne ss and courtesy from the landlady. Bu t, inasmuch as no amount of negatives can upset the position of a pr ove d posi tive, the only conclusion we Call arrive at seems this : that the landlady is generally a good-tempered woman, but that the three travellers happened to encounter her in a sour moment. Women are variable, and Bo is the weather ; but we scarcely think ,that the temper of the hostess of the Hafod Hotel is a topic of sufficient importance to occupy Lul4Cid apace iu tUe C , 9140 3 A 0 of the intifs. COUNTRY MARKETS. ••.• •w LIVERPOOL—FRIDAY. At this day's market there was rather less doing in both wheat and flour, and prices closed a little easier than on Tuesday. Oats unchanged. Barley, beans, and pea s all quite as dear. Indian corn brought full prices. WAKEFIELD--FRIDAY. A fair quantity of wheat came to hand to-day, but the trade was dull, at b are ly th e prices of last week. N ew barley in improved supply, and prices were in favour of buyers. STAMFORD—FRIDAY. White! wheat, 46s to 488; red, 42s Ito 46s per 36 stone. Barley, malting, 34s to 39s ; grinding 4 28s to 308 per qr. Oath, 22s to 26stper 24 stone. Beans, old, 41s to —s per qr. ; new, 39s to —s. EXETE -FRIDAY. Wheat, white 6s 3d to . 6s 4d I Barley. 3s 6d to 45 3d Ditto red .6s Od to 6s 3d Oats .. ..... ..2s 9d to 3s Od Flour, flue, 35s to 365; seconds,l34s to —s per sack. CATTLE. Fat beef, p sc., 10s0d to 11s6d Ewes, per lb .... 5d to 61d Pork carcases, 7s Od to 8s Od Wethers, d 0....... 7d to --a Lamb, p 1b.......—d to --d Fat calves, d0...60 told. Rough fat, 3-1 d per lb. DUBLIN-FRIDAY. A fair supply of grain to-day at Tuesday's prices, but the condition generally damp. Several samples of barley were ehown. Indian corn dull. s. d. s. d. ' s. d. 0 . (1 .; Wheat, white 23 0 to 26 6 Beans.. ..••• oto -- L . Do., red 2O oto 23 6 Bere Do., new .... —oto 0 Rapeseed Barley Oats Do., black — oto 0 Indian corn .. 27 oto 23 6 BRISTOL SUGAR-FRIDAY. The market this"week has been rather dull, and sales continue flat at last week's prices. Refined goods were 6d cheaper. Several parcels of rum have changed hands. COAL 119 Priam of Coal per Ton at s. d. Bower's West Hartley.l6 9 Byass's Bebside West Hartley ... ...16 9 Hartlepool W. Hurtleyl6 0 Carway and Duffryn Malting ... 20 0 Walker Primrose 12 6 ' Eden Main...... l7 0 Lambert's West Hart- .O,SET. the ohne of the market. o. d. ley l6 6 Wylam 17 0 Tar.fteld Moor l3 0 Tanfield Moor Butes 13 0 North Felton Gas 13 9 Pelaw Main ...14 3 West Hartley 16 9 Ships at mark, Walls End. Haswell south Hetton. 18 6 6 Heugh Hall 17 East Hartlepool 18 6 South Hartlepool 17 6 Kelloe . l7 6 South Kelloe 17 6 Gosforth l6 9 Wharncliffe l6 9 H e tt on lB 6 Tunstall ...... l7 6 Caradoc l7 Russers Hetton 17 Braddylrs Hetton 17 6 A, 99 ;:sold, 94. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. TRAFFIC RECEIPTS FOR. THE WEEK. Miles Opened. BeceiptB• Railways. - II - , _ 62. 1862. 15.63. ID Belfast and N, Counties • 136 136 2 ,4 471 9. 450 Belfast and Comity Down 49 49 721 701 Blyth and Tyne 2B 28 1,847 4 ,83 F: .., -3, Bristol and Exeter 1214 1214 7,279 ~,,' K Caledonian 2314 :.344 19,016 1 7 •,1., 6 7 Cockermouth & Worldngton B4 84 313 a 2 Cork and Bandon 2O 20 392 33 " 20 Cork, Blackrock, & Passage 64 64 376 Cork and Youghal 3 24 27 510 „,„ Cornwall 531 534 1,705 1. 8 _,,` - Deeside l7 17 383 4 , Dublin & Belfast Junction ... Dublin and Drogheda 75 63 1,863 I.b OU Dublin and Meath - 190 -.. Dub. &Wicklow and Wextd 5l/ 484 3,630 3. 121 Edinburgh and Glasgow Forth & Clyde Junction 1 3 0 09 I 169430 8'49325 8. 327 1 Furness, &c 5O 59 3,043 2, 8 , , ; Glasgow & South-Western GLEastern,Nrfk.,&E.Union ', Great Northern 351 851 32,051 33.50 3 Great North of Scotland 5B 58 2,084 2. 20 1 (it. Northn. & Westn. (Irel.) 7ll 564 531 3 8 0 , fit.Southn. & Westn.(lrlnd.) 3544 329 8,501 7,9 8 E Great Western 10564 10324 64,602 67.71 8 Inverness & Aberdeen Juno 864 864 1,625 1,450 Irish North-Western 145 145 1.745 1,670 Lancashire & Yorkshire 8954 3E51 39,356 12,20 Limerick and Ennis. Limerick and Foynes 264 26 111 13/ Llanel London ly & North-Western 2 06(1 1 London and Blackwall 5l 51 2,001 „.,,„% London & South-Western Lond. Brighton, &S. Coast 2614 2114 22,289 x''',l, 4 ,'" London, Chatham, & Dover 724 721 6,229 ',"",,,, Do. Metropolitan Extension 10. 2/ 1,335 "; Lond., Tilbury, & Southend slan.,Sheffield,& Lincolnsh Manch. S.Jun.&Altrincham 94 94 1,302 1 . 77, Maryport and Carlisle 2B 28 1,351 1,253 Metropolitan 3l - 1,606 '- Midland (incl. N.-Western) 641 6144 48,403 45,82 2 Midland Gt. Westn. of hind 2.59} 1924 5,524 4,355 Monkland 714 714 1,621 1,727 Monmouthsh. Rail. & Canal 44 44 2,816 2, 57° North British, Edin., Perth 1863. bl- T a d . D te u rn anndeeci Stock. & Dail. 1095 North London 9 North Staffordshire 254 Oswestry and Newton.... 5O Ithyniney l9/ St. Helen's Canal & Railway 52 Scottish Central Scottish North-Eastern l3B Somerset and Dorset 391 South Devon ....... 75/ South-Eastern 306 Taff Vale 55 Ulster 6ll Vale of Clwyd Vale of Neath 321 Waterford and Kilkenny 3l Waterford and Limerick 77 West Cornwall 271 W.Hartlepoolli arbr. &Rai 1 4B W'haven,Cleator,& Egrmnt 7 Whitehaven Junction l2 Whit ehaven & Furness Jun 35 FOREIGN AND COLONIAL. Antwerp and Rotterdam 52 62 1,573 1,42 4 Austrian B2B 828 33,888 43,898 Belgian Eastern Junction 2 261 318 32 ! Bombay, Baroda, & Cen. India 1 1321 2,109 1,107 Buffalo and Lake Huron l6l 1611 1,376 1 , 455 .., Detroit and Milw au ki e Dutch Rhenish lOBl ioal 0,101 5. 9 9 3 Eastern of France East Indian Grand Trunk of Canada lO9O 1090 15,518 12,330 Great Indian Peninsula 5384 4374 4,923 4,159 Great Luxembourg 134 134 4,932 1,543 Great Southern of India Great Western of Canada 345 315 8,746 8,881 Madrid, Saragossa &Alicant 499 435 18,361 18,806 Northern of Canada Northern of France 697 691 59,875 60,908 Norwegian Trunk Ottoman -- - - _ 481 40 478 350 ... - - - - 4101 10771 9 252 13,934 12.9 83 59,285 56,14 6 3,214 3,221 8,345 8.408 1,293 1,024 744 981 1,965 2, , 25 5,202 4,891 5,735 5,599 405 456 4.745 4,182 30,506 31,459 5,567 6, 1 t, 9 2,072 2. 910 214 2 13 2,543 2,13 1 421 411 1,378 1. 01 / 2 839 832 , 5,4224.0 L 5;8 582 twg t 741 811 753 132 k 399 754 306 Paris, Lyons, & Mediterrn 1491_ 1354 132,493 138, 80 Paris and Orleans 1340 1204 68,037 61,236 Pernambuco 77i 527 • -- Royal Danish 69 69 737 643 Sambre and Meuse 6B 68 . 1,470 1. 441 South Austrian 1430 1315 51,917 54,032 Southern of France.......,.,. 777 777 34,823 31,078 Victorian 126 151 7,738 4,08 6 , Welland Nest Flanders —„.. 1 - V", and N.W. of France, 758 758 54,738 69,27/ Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton. Sept. 1 8 . via Marseilles Sept. 12. draail and Cape Yards, by British packet. Oct. 5. Cape of Good Rope, Ascension, and St. H e l ena S ep t. 28. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton Sept. 18. via Marseilles Sept. 12. Falkland Islands • • Gibraltar, via Southa m pt on OOO OOOOO 00000 ..... .. ........ Sept. 10. India (Calcutta), and C e yl on , via Sout h a mpton.. Sept. 18. via Marseilles Sept. 12. India (Bombay), via Southampton Sept. 10. via Marseilles Sept. 20. Portugal.... .. Oct. 5. t Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Sept. 10. via Marseilles Sept. 12. Newfoundland .. Sept. 17. Oporto and Vigo U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.... Sept. 11. by U.S. packet.... by Canadian paciel.Sept. 11. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Tencriffe ..Sept. 10. Bahamas, via New York Sept. 24. Mexico All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, 1 Sept. 14. California. and B r iti s h C01umbia ............ The Social Science Review publishes for sixpence an extra number, containing a complete and copious report of the whole proceedings of the late (33d) meeting of tho British Association at Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Births. BARNARD.-011 the lOth inst., at Stroud, Mrs. John E. Barnard, of a son. BELL.—On the Bth inst., the wife of F. Bell, Esq., 47th R L e v g t.—On the ofadaugh ter M E loth inst., at Hampstead, ithe Hon. Mrs. IVm. H. Melvill, of a son. ST. QUINTIN.—On the Jth inst., at Brentwood, Essex, Mrs. Sr. Quintin, of a daughter. Marriages. ExANvEL—SALomorm—On the 10th inst., at Leinsterd square, W., Lewis Emanuel, Esq., of 31, New Broad street, City. to Julia, second daughter of the late Reuben Salomon, Esq., of Old Change. PATNE—LITHGow.—On the 10th inst., at St. Mary'gt Melcerube Regis, Richard Payne, Esq., formerly of the 40th Regt., to Anne Arabella, youngest daughter of the late Andrew Litbgow, Esq., of Weymouth, Deaths. B EAUTITAMP.—On the Bth inst., at Madresfiold Court, the Earl Beauchamp, aged 78. BinnuLPH.—On the sth inst., at Malta, Robert Myddleton Biddulph, 23d Royal Welsh Fusiliers, second son of Col. M. Biddulph, M.P., of Chirk Castle. CHURCHILL —On the 9th inst., at Deddingtou, Oxon, J. Churchill, Esq., aged 78. ELms.—On tho 10th inst., at Tingley Hall, near Leeds, Geo. Ellis, Esq., aged 56. lIAINES.—On the 10th inst., at Moorwood House, near Cirencester, Edward Haines, Esq., aged 90. lIODSON.—On the 9th inst., at Kilburn, John C. H o dson, Esq., aged 38. STRICKLAND.—On the Bth inst., at Chelsea, Mrs. Stria land, aged 79. London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDREWP , of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TUE SUN Office No. 11:7, Strand, in the Precinct of the 13avoy, in the COneY of kudgieacx,- : fttuZilfs7l September 14 bea.