The Sun. — London, England, 1854-07-07 00:00:00

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GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY.-CHEAP EXCURSION to GLOUCESTER,O H ELTENIIAM, ST ROUD, and CIRENCESTER.--A.Train will leave Paddington on Sunday ,July 9, at 7.45 a.m., returning the came Evening from Cheltenham, at 6.30; Gloucester, at 6.50 ; Stroad, at 7.20 ; and Cirencester, at 7.30. Pares there and back—Gloucester, or Cheltenham, IN. and 6s. ; Stroud and Cirencester, 9s. and ss. No luggage allowed. Tickets (not transferable) m,y be previously obtained at i 7, King-street, Cheapside ; 63, Bridge-road, Lambeth; 351, Oxfora-street; 269, Strand; and at the Paddington station. general officers receiving unattached pay, in addition to those who are colonels of regiments, making a present total of 134." Two exceptions are to be allowed to the rule of se tie/ray in the advancement of colonels to be major generals, and it is further recommended that supernume rarY general officers should be appointed without refer ence to seniority, whenever it may be consid ere d proper to rotifer this rank as a reward for distinguished service in the field. With regard to the highest rank of all, that of field marshal, it i s cons id ere d t h at t h e principle of seniority should be discarded altogether. The commissioners proceed to suggest means of pre venting the proposed change from being injurious to in dividuals already in the service, and with this view they suggest, in the first instance, a general brevet, and they futther advise that— ` The regulations proposed, limiting the advancement of lieutenant-colonels to the rank of colonel to those only who shall have served three years in command of a regi ment, or in staff situations as already described, should not apply to existing lieutenant-colonels or majors, including captains and lieutenant-colonels of the Guards. From the same regard to vested interests, they recommend that pro motion to the rank of colonel, after a certain period of full pay service, should be granted to all existing captains and lieutenant-colonels of the Guards, inasmuch as they are doing duty with their regiments and hold the rank of lieu tenant-colonel, their commissions being exchangeable with lieutenant-colonelcies of the line, on which account the regulated price of such commissions has been fixed and paid for by them at a higher rate. As, however, the duties they perform are of a le ss res p ons ibl e nature than the command of a regiment, being limited to the command of a company, and as the simultaneous promotion of no less than 40 lieutenant-colonels of the Guards to colonelcies would ultimately bring an undue proportion of Guards' generals on the general officers' list, the time necessary to carry with it a promotion to a colonelcy should, it is thought, in their case, be extended, and the existing captains and lieu tenant-colonels of the Guards (not being mounted officers) should serve six years in command of a company before they obtain the rank of colonel." The commissioners are of opinion that, as employ ment on the staff in situations of a rank requiring to be held by a lieutenant-colonel will carry with it, after a limited period, the rank of colonel, such situations should not he retained for an undue length of time in the same hands ; and they suggest that the commands of general officers and situations on the staff, both at home and abroad, should not be held for more than five years, unless by reappointment. The question of retirement, some augmentation of which is a necessary adjunct to the changes proposed in the mode of promotion, is next considered : " The means of retirement now offered to the army are as follows : " By the warrant of October 1,1840, which was founded on the report of the commission dated 1840, retirement on the full pay of their rank was ordered to a certain number of lieutenant-colonels, majors, and captains, the cost of the whole being 38,0001. per annum ; a ll re ti rements on full pay, under the previous warrants, being prospectively abo lished. The numbers were fixed by the warrant at 20 lieutenant-colonels, 20 majors, and 113 captains; but there not being captains enough found willing to accept those terms, the numbers in each rank have not been adhered to, the Secretary-at-War merely requiring that the limit of 38,0001. a-year shall not be exceeded. There are now on the list 28 lieutenant-colonels, 25 majors, and 98 captains. "These retirements are given by the commander-in-chief to officers selected according to their regimental, and not their brevet rank. They obtain no additional rank, nor can they be further promoted. "The names are selected from a list of applicants by the commander-in-chief, who is guided in each case by the merits and service of the officer. " It is proposed to augment this list in number ; to give to each officer, on acceptance, a step of rank, but with the full pay only of the rank from which he retired; and to extend to colonels, as well as to lieutenant-colonels the right so to retire." , LONDON and NORTH-WESTERN RAIL WAY.—TRAVELLING to SCOTLAND via CAELISLE.— The Public are requested to take notice that on and after the Ist of July (and until further notice) Third-class Passengers from London will be conveyed daily - to Edinburgh and Glasgow only by the Train leaving the Elusion station at 9 a.m., rear hing Edinburgh at Bp.m., and Glasgow at 8.20 p.m., and Third-class Passengers to these cities will cease to be conveyd by the 6.30 a.m. TrAn. In like manner Third-class Passengers will be conveyed from Edinburgh and Glasgow to LOndon only by the Trains leaving Edinburgh at 10.30 a.m., and Glasgow at 10.10 a.m., reaching Euston at 11.25 p.m., and Third class Passengers from these cities will cease to be conveyed by the Trains leaving Edinburgh at 4.50 and Glasgow at 4.30 a.m. Third class Passengers irons London to Stirling, and stations north of it, are conveyed by the Train leav,ng the Euston Station at 8.55 p m. on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Saturdays, and from those stations to Londo on the same days, by the Train leaving Aberdeen at 2.33 p.m., arriving in London at 11 o'clock the following morning. Passengers with first and second class through tickets ty any train to St,rling, and stations north of it, may break their journey at Car lisle, by remaining the sight and proceeding the following day. The new hotel adjoinin g the station there is epen, The usual allowance on family tickets (above a certain amount) Will be made to parties proceeding to Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Stirling, and places to the north of the latter town. Full particulars May be obtained on application to the station-master at Euston. No. 19,276.] LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, J ULY 7, 1854. [PRICE SD. PUBLICATIONS. THE WAR. commissioned officers and men, 45 women, and 73 children, many of them in a deplorable condition, having encountered severe storms during the passage, and hav ing lost their entire kit and baggage. The troops deserve the kindest consideration of Government, and a more liberal allowance than is granted for the loss of a kit under ordinary circumstances. The last division of the 15th Hussars left Reading yesterday for Exeter to join head-quarters. The regi ment will remain stationed at Exeter to remount and recruit. THE REPORT ON PROMOTION IN THE ARMY. to this. There results from it this further disadvantage : either inexperienced commanders are employed, or, if ex perienced, their experience is wasted. Thus, should some of these major-geuorals be still young enough for employ ment in the field, they are still too old to make the expe rience they so gain available for further services. One command, probably, brings them to an age when retire ment from active service becomes necessary, and the ex perience they have gained is lost to the country, and, as it were buried with them, and they are again succeeded by untried men. . 13, Great Marlborough-street. ANEW NOVEL by Mrs. TROLLOPE, enticed, " THE LIFE asd ADVENTURES of a CLEVER IV011kN," in 3 vols ill be shortly published by Messrs. Hurst and Bhickett, successors to Mr. Colburn, 13, Great Marlberouili-street. Orders received at all the Libraries. NAVAL AND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE. During Admiral Berkeley's short visit to Devonport he inspected the new steam establishment at Keyham. The imperative necessity of completing this establish ment is daily pressing upon the Admiralty with accumu lative force. Every hour's delay in this work involves a fearful responsibility. The dockyards and steam esta blishments, hard-worked as they are, are now compara tively idle. When the winter comes and the fleet re turns to undergo the process of refitting and repairing, the great pinch will come, and will be surely felt. The insane reductions in our dockyards three years since are now proved to be unpatriotic indifference and culpable folly. _ _ The Commissioners named in the royal warrant of the 9th of May last, for investigating this subject, were Lord Hardinge, Lord Grey, Lord C a th car t, L or d Pan mure, Lord Seaton, Mr. Sidney Herbert, Sir John Pakington, Mr. Ellice, Sir John Burgoyne, Sir H. D. Ross, and Colonel Knollys. The report just presented bears the signatures of the whole number ; but two of the commissioners, Lord Cathcart and Sir H. D. Ross, have recorded their dissent from several of its recom mendations, which refer especially to the Ordnance corps, and Sir John Burgoyne agrees to a limited extent in their view. The document commences by referring to the report of a commission appointed for a similar pur pose at the beginning of the present reign, and founded 9n the best evidence which was then procurable. The present commissioners, having these ample materials before them, have not thought it necessary to emmine any witnesses ; b u t th e y h ave care f u lly analysed the minute and valuable returns published in the appendix to their own report, with the view of ascertaining what has been the effect of the remedial measures adopted at the instance of the commission above referred to, and how far—as regards the numbers and ages of the officers in the upper ranks of the army, the length of service which has been necessary to attain those ranks, and the efficiency of those from among whom officers must be selected for command—the measures in question have been successful. Now ready, in 18mo., with Woodcuts, price 3s. 6d., ( 1 - ,1 OUND AND ITS PHENOMENA. 1,..7 By the Rev E. C. BREWER, D.D., Trinity Hall, Cambridge, author ot " A Guide to English Composition" (12m0., price ss. 6d.), " Poetical Chronology" (12m0., price 3s. 6d,), &c. London ; Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman. "It is stated, in his evidence before the commission of 1840, by Lord Fitzroy Somerset, that in the last war, with the exception of Lord Lyndoch and Sir T. Picton, they had no general officers in command above forty years of age." They were all between thirty-five and forty." The Duke of 'Wellington, it is added, was a major general at 33, and out of eight eminent generals who were his contemporaries, Sir G. Murray was the only one who did not attain the same rank before arriving at the age of 40. The report of 1840 suggested no important alteration in the existing system, because it was apprehended that in time of peace it led to no great evils, and it was thought that it might be allowed to work on "until the pressure of war should make change indispensably necessary." The result has been that the average age of the major-generals promoted in 1851 was not less than 60. Three years must now be added to that average for the three years which have since elapsed ; but the average age of the whole number of existing major-generals is, at this moment, not leas than 65 ; and the lieutenant-generals, who would command divi sions, are, of course, older still. The commissioners proceed to state another grave objection to the present system of promotion : " In the majority of cases it causes officers to remain un employed for several years before they become major-gene rals. This is the natural consequence of their attaining that rank so late in life, wialle.all,lieutenant-colonels, whe ther they servo or not, are advanced by general brevets, by seniority alone, to the rank of colonel and of major general. This being the case, it is neither to be expected nor desired that officers should remain on full pay, and should continue to encounter the laborious duties of their profession in all parts of the world for the many years which must intervene, under the existing regulations, be fore their being promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel and their attaining to that of major-general. There are comparatively few officers, therefore, who do not pass at least a great part of this time on half pay; and we find accordingly, from a return which has been laid before us of the names and services of all the general officers who have held commands during the last twenty y ears , th a t more than half of them had not served in their pro fession for ten years or upwards, before their first appoint ment to commands as major-generals, that in many cases the time so spent in retirement exceeded twenty years, and in one fell little short of thirty-seven years. We appre hend that it can require no argument to prove that even if they retain the requisite vigour of body, officers who have been so long out of the active exercise of their profession cannot be expected, in general, to command troops with the same efficiency as men of more recent military experi ence." The route has not yet arrived, and the precise day for the departure of the 46th Regiment, now quartered at Windsor, is not known, b u t th e depot has been formed, and Colonel Garrett will he enabled to embark forthwith 1,000 men for the East. Yesterday after noon the regiment had a grand field-day in the Great Park. The men were supplied with 20 rounds of blank cartridge each, and went through their evolu tions admirably, considering the great number of re cruits in their ranks. The file firing was remarkably good, and the volleys were well executed. In April last, before it was known the regiment would be ordered out, the effective strength of the 46th was considerably reduced by furnishing volunteers to the 50th and the 33d Regiments. It is now positively stated that the Essex Rifles, and not the Royal Bucks (King's Own) Militia, will relieve the 46th, and take garrison duty at Windsor and Kensington. Easton Station, June 1854. By order. BUNAEN'S lIIPPOLYTUS.—NEW EDITION. On Paturday, the 15th inst., will be published, in 7 vols. Bvo., CHRISTIANITY and MANKIND; their BEGINNINGS and PROSPECTS. By C. C J. BUNSEN, D.D., D.C.L.. D. Ph. Tieing a New Edition, corrected, remodelled, and extended, of Hh'pol)tus and his Age. *** Th's Second Edition of the Hippolytus is composed of Three Distinct Workq, which may be had separately as follows : . HIPPoLYTUS and HIS AGE ; or, the Beginnings and Prospects of Christianity. 2 vols. Bvo. Sir Baldwin Walker, K.C.8., the Surveyor of the Navy, with Mr. Watts, assistant surveyor, paid a visit to Deptford and Blackwall yesterday, and inspected the despatch gun-boat Arrow ; the screw transport Prince, in the East India Docks; and the other screw-steamers, dispatch gun boats, and store-ships building and fitting at Blackwall. ALBERT LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY, ii, Waterloo-place, Pall-mall. Notice is hereby given, that the HALF-YEARLY DIVIDEND to the 8 •th ult., after the rate of Seven per cent. per annum, will be in COURSE of PAYMENT to the Shareholders on and after the ll th July instant. HENRY WILLIAM SMITH, Actuary and Secretary. The Admiralty, we understand, are desirous of hiring screw and other steamers to convey troops and ordnance stores to the Black Sea and provisions to the Baltic. Lieutenant Lucas, of the Hecla, who has just been most deservedly promoted for his cool gallantry, was not a midshipman as stated, but a mate. He served through out the late warlwith Burmab, and on many occasions his gallantry attracted the attention, and acquired for him the commendation, of his superior officers. Her Majesty's ship Royal William, 120, Captain King come, was towed from Hamoaze into the Sound on Wednesday morning by the Confiance steam-tender and the Sir Francis Drake, hired steamer. Rear-Admiral Berkeley and-Port,Admiral Sir William 'Parker were on board. She took in her"p6wder and-ehet the'iraierte day. The Dasher steam-vessel, Captain Le Febvre, arrived at Portsmouth yesterday from the Channel Islands, to refit. The broad pendant of Commodore Stopford has been shifted from the Royal William to the Calcutta. The crew of the Meander got up topgallant masts on Wednesday, and commenced rattling down the rig ing Yesterday the Russian ship Jean Marie, Halle, late master, captured by her Majesty's cruisers off Elsi nore, was brought a prize to Gravesend by Mr. Par sons. She was subsequently taken into the West India Docks, to be condemned in due course by the Court of Admiralty. The mail for the British squadron in the White Sea via Hull, Christiansand, and Wangoe, will be made up and forwarded from the General Post-office this evening. The directors of the East India Company yesterday gave notice at Lloyd's that two more ships, of from 400 to 500 tons burden, were required to take troops from the Thames to Madras and Bombay. Contracts were entered into on Wednesday for the supply of wheat to the Royal William Victualling-yard —3,500 quarters by Messrs. Frean and Daw, and 500 quarters by Messrs. Hurrell and Crossing. The price of the latter is 745. per quarter the price of the former has not transpired. The Government invited tenders for 2,500 quarters, and have taken 4,000. The Sphinx, 6, paddle, Captain Clifford, will go out of harbour to Spithead this morning, and will receive ' advance wages. She made trial yesterday of her pad dle-box boats, fitted with Mr. Henry Watson Hall's new and much improved gear, over that hitherto used in her Majesty's or any other service. A lot of raw hands were suddenly called upon, totally unprepared, by the first lieutenant, and ordered to get the paddle boats afloat. It was instantly executed without the slightest difficulty, and the boats again in their place. Officers and men were delighted with the simplicity of the acting gear, and although an entire arrangement new to them, the boats were ready for service in one third the time generally required over the old system. Its advantage, whether in case of fire or collision, is suf ficiently manifest—that whether by day or night, pas sengers could cast it loose without difficulty. 6th July, Mt 2. OU CLISTESoithe HY of UNIVERSAL HISTORY, applied to Language and Religion. 2 vols Bvo. 3. ANALECTA ANTE-MCAENA. 3 vols Svc>. IMPORTANT TO HOUSES OF BUSINESS. Reduction on the Government Duty on Fire Insurances to Insurers. UNITY FIRE INSURANCE ASSOCIATION. Capital Two millions, with Seven Thousand Ahareholrers. Chief Offices :-40, Pall-mall, London. Insurers in the " UNITY " are allowed the flill Discount which the Office receives from the Government upon the Duty chargeable on their Folictes, at the rate of 5/. per cent. on Country, and 41. per cent. on London policies. Insurers receive Two-thirds of the f roilts London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman. The remaining division of the 27th Regiment left Merchants'-quay, Dublin, at half-past Bon Wednesday morning, in the Prince Arthur, to embark in the transport Southampton, which arrived in Queens town for its conveyance on Friday. The division (under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Usher Williamson) consisted of head-quarters, band, and colours, amount ing in all to 122 privates, 17 sergeants, 10 corporals, and 11 drummers. .The band of the 91st Regiment 2ccompaiied them - 'from the barracks, playing, as they marched, the lively air of " Rory O'More," to which the people responded with a hearty cheer. As soon as the steamer removed from the quay both bands struck up the air, " Auld Lang Syne." Hundreds had as sembled to witness their departure, and cheered them loudly as they left the quay. The officers who accom• panied this division were Captains Langley and Thomas, Lieutenants Chester, Twemlow, Barnardiston, and Patten, Paymaster Kidd, Quartermaster Trainor, and Assistant-Surgeon Tiver. 31 women and 38 chil dren were permitted to sail with them. The depot con sists of 46 men, almost 20 of whom are in hospital. One hundred of the 72d Highlanders with two ser geants, under command of Captain Robinson and En signs Ellison and Cameron, left Galway by train on Tuesday morning for Cork, there to embark on board her Majesty's ship Sibella, for Halifax, the head-quar ters of this regiment. THE MILITIA AND YEOMANRY. _ Just published, L AYS OF THE WAR. By a GRADUATE, Post Svo., Is. 0. C. Marcus, S, Oxford-street. After observing that, so far as regards the number of officers upon the Army List, and the proportion between the employed snd unemployed officers, the comparison between the year 1838.9 (the period at which the re turns which formed the foundation of the report of 1840 were made up) and the present par, is very favourable, they proceefrfogive a history orthe reductions which have been effected since 1815—premising that the con clusion of the last war found the country with an effec tive army of 219,852 men, The report then proceeds as follows : Parties desirous of insuring with this Association may be personally Waited upon by a gentleman from the Office, and thus be spared all trout la ofloaa_of Lim.. Appl , cations for Prospectuses, Agencies, and all other information, are requested to he made to THOMAS H. BAYLIS, General Manager and Secretary. THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXIX , wit be published on THURSDAY Next. CONTENTS:2-- • I. T , e House of Commons - 11. Milinan's History of Latin Christianity.,.,,, 111. The Drama. IV. Classical Dictionaries. V. The Electric Telegraph. VI. Melanesia and New Zealand Missions. Vlf. Queen Elizabeth and her Favourites. VIII. Lord Lyndhurst and the War. John Murray, Albemarle-street. THE LANCASHIRE INSURANCE COM PANY.—Capital, Two Millions.—Manchester, Liverpool, Glasgow, Greenock, and No. 2, King-street, Cheap*ide, London. LIFE DEPARTMENT. BONUSES—EIGHTY PER CENT. of the Profits apportioned to the Assured triennially. No charge whatever for Stamps or Policies. FIRE DEPARTMENT. " When peace was concluded, upon what appeared to be and what was a lasting foundation, two measures were ne cessary :—First, a large promotion is reward those by whose brilliant service that peace had been achieved ; secondly, large reductions in the establishment and num bers of an army far larger than could be required, or should be maintained, in time of peace. Large reductions were accordingly enacted, amounting in -1816 to 1817 1818 lf 18,530 1819 1822...... 21260 being a reducti on i n all of 128,096 men in seven years upon a force of 219,852 in 1815, which was thus reduced to 91,756 in 1822. " These reductions necessarily increased the half-pay lists till they contained upwards of 10,000 officers, and cost the country no less a sum than 974,0001. per annum. This disproportion between the non-effective and the effective lists had a most advantageous effect upon the latter. 3,1 R. ALBERT SMITH'S MONT BLANC, J L including the BERNESE OBERLAND and the SIMPLON, THIS EVENING, and Every Evening at Eight o'clock, (excel), Saturday) ; and Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday Mornings, at Three. Stalls, 3s. (which can be taken at the box.othcot every day from 11 till 4 ; area, 25.; gallery, is.—Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly. BONUSES—FIFTY PER CENT. of the Profits apportioned to the Assured annually, on Policies of three years' standing, an advan tage offered by few offices. JAMES NORTHCOTT, Secretary to the London Board. NOTICE OF DIVIDEND. BANK OF DEPOSIT, NATIONAL ASSURANCE & INVESTMENT ASSOCIATION, No. 3, PALL MALL EAST, LONDON. Established A.D. 1844. Empowered by Special Act of Parliament. THE WARRANTS for the HALF-YEARLY INTEREST, at the rate of 5 per cent, per annum, on De- Posit Accounts, to the 30th June, will be ready for delivery on and after July 10th, and payable daily between the hours of Eleven and Three o'clock. Parties residing at a distance will, on application, have their Dividend Warrants forwarded for Signature. Tne Warrants will be Paid on presentation at the Head Office in London, or the amount May be received at the various Branches, orithrough Country Bank ers, without delay or expense. PETER MORRISON, Managing Director. R OYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. 309, Regent•street. Under the Patronage of H.R.H. PRINCE ALBERT. AN ENTIRE CHANGE in the MA.N k GEMENT of this Institu tion having taken place, the Resideat Director, Mr. J. H. Pepper, begs leave to inform the public that the Exinbiticn will be CLOSED from the 7th inst., until MONDAY, the 17th, when it will RE-OPEN with very material Alterations and Improvements in a'l its depart ments. Models of Machinery and Works of Art for Exhibition may be sent in any day, between Eleven and Five o'clock. July, 1854. The Bradford Second West Yorkshire Yeomany have commenced training at Northgate. They are already extremely efficient, and work well together. It is in , tended to continue the training for some weeks. The Duke of Lancaster's Yeomanry are now on duty at Lancaster. The Bolton troop of the regiment has joined head-quarters. The Fourth West York Regiment of Militia assembled at the Cavalry Barracks, Leeds, on Wednesday morn ing last, under the command of Lord Beaumont, for 28 days' training, and mustered about 700. The early part of the day was occupied in giving out the clothing, the fatigue-dress of which consists of grey tweed, with white facings ; and at 3 o'clock they went on parade. The men, on the whole, are fine soldier-looking fellows, and promise, after a short training, to make an efficient re giment. Lord Heytesbury, the Governor of the Isle of Wight, has assigned for the use of the island corps of artillery a large space and an ample block of buildings within the ramparts of Carisbrook Castle, as exercise grounds, gun sheds, stores, and quarters, for the staff of the corps. c n T h m e S e u c o e u d t h g a D r r e i v s o o n n d a u nd ty First a t Iymo Somerset uth. Militia h Asa aveprepa ratory step, the men have been placed on guard with soldiers of the line, and each post has at present two sentinels. LAURENT'S CASINO, ARGYLE ROOMS, (Lessee, CRAB. C. LAUUENT, Onsiow-house, Fulham-road), The above Rooms are now OPEN FOR THE SEASON. and will continue open every evening, with LAURENT'S CELEBRATED BAND. Constantinople Quadrille, Sultan Polka, Fair Star Waltz, and Overhaul Mail Galop, by D'Albert ; also, by H. Laurent , the following Waltzes - La belle Frangaise, Leonora, Villi king and his Dinah, Admission, Is. Doors open at half-past 8. Dancing to commence at 9 o'clock, and terminate at half-past 11. " It became necessary, whenev er it was possible, to fill vacancies in the effective by tra ns f ers f rom the noneffec tivewa list. The necessary promotion i n th e army checked, and there stood between the office rs on f u ll pay p and the general officers' rank, a vast numb er o f officers on half-pay, senior to them, barring their access to the rank which confers high command, until their age and infirmi ties incapacitated them for its exercise. " There is no doubt, however, that the restrictions placed upon promotion during this period, though at that time bearing severely upon the interests of the profession, have tended ultimately to restore the equilibrium between the effective and the non-effective services, and to relieve the former of the burden which the numbers of the latter imposed upon it." The commission next give a table, which we present in an abridged form, showing the gradual diminution which has taken place in the number of officers on half pay and retired full ,pay since 1828, in which year it amounted to 8,670. The total has since been reduced as follows : 21st June, 1854. _ Prospectuses and Forms for opening Tnvestment Accounts sent free on application NATIONAL LOAN FUND FIFE ASSUR ANCE SOCIETY. 26, COENRILL, LONDON, 21st Jane, 1854. THE MAIL STEAM-SHIP for AUSTRALIA, August 4, 1854.—The magnificent screw steamship " CAL CUTTA," 1,800 tons, Captain J. GOODALL, another of the fine fleet belonging to the General Screw Steam Shipping Company, will be despatched with her Majesty's Mails for Adelaide, Port-Philip, and Sydney, on the 4th August next. This fine vessel has maintained her high reputation for rapid sailing and punctuality, and is a sister hip to tale " Argo," which has made the quickest v gage to and from Australia up to this time. The Calcutta has been employed carrying the Mails to and from England and Calcutta, and from her superior •sailing and steaming qualities, it may be fairly assumed that she will make the run in 60 days. Rates of Passage from 30 to 100 guineas. :She will be followed, on the 4th of October, by the Cations, of 2,500 tons. Full particulars as to Freight and Passage Money at the Com pany's Officer, 4 Cannon-street, City. NOTICE IS HEREBY dIVEN. That the HALF-YEARLY IN TEREST on the CAPITAL STOCK of this SOCIETY, at the rate of 5 per cent. per annum, due on the 30th instant, together with the kuNITS thereon, declared at the annual meeting in May last, will become payable on the 10th Jaly next, and proprietors may receive the same at this Office on that or any subsequent day, between the hours of 11 and 3 o'clock. And notice is hereby given, that the Transfer Books of the Society will close on the 30th inst., and open on the 11th day of July next. By order of the Court of Directors. W. S. B. WOOLHOUSE. Actuary. NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR ANCE SOCIETY, No. 26, Cornhill, London. Established in 1838. DIRECTORS. A, Campbell Barclay, Esq. I John Moss, Esq. Charles Bennett, Esq. Thomas Nicoll, Esq. Hugh Croft, Esq. E. S. Symes, M D. John Elliotson, \I.D., F.E.S. J. Leander Starr, Esq. Thos. Colley Grattan, Esq. Clement Tabor, Esq. Joseph Thompson, Esq. MANAGING DIRECTORS. 1829 to .... 1834 ___ .- 8,317 __ 6,629 REINFORCEMENTS FOR THE BALTIC AND TURKEY. The West Essex Yeomanry have assembled for train ing, under the command of Major Pelham. The head quarters of the regiment are at Chelmsford. OCEAN STEAMING.-PADDLE v. SCREW. J. Leander Starr, Esq. (General). I Chas. Bennett, Esq. (Financial). ArDITORS. Professor Wheatstone, F . A.S., and Professor John Radford Young. MEDICAL EXAMINERS. J. Elliotson, M.D., F R.S., 37, Conduit-street. E. S. klymes, M.D., 33, Davies-street, Berkeley-square. ACTUARY. W. S. B. Woolhouse, Esq , F.R.A.S., F.S.S., &c. ASSISTANT ACTUARY. Barker W oolhouse, Esq. BANKERS Messrs. Glyn, Mills, and Co., 56, Lombard-street. SOLICITOR. C. Ewene, Esq., 61, Moorgate-street. Total number of Policies granted from December, 1852, to December, 1853 —1,194. Under the following heads are briefly enumerated the leading Winelples of this Society : OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY. 1. A Life Assurance may be effected either by One Payment, or by an Annual Premium. 2. Pol cies may be effected WITH or without the privilege of withdrawing one-half of the Annual Payments. If with out this privilege, the rates are lower. 3. A Life A‘surance may be effected on the life of another, on Joint Lives or Survivorships. 4. Annuities, Immediate, Deferred, or Contingent, will be granted; also Endowments for Children. 5. Naval and Military Men, not in active foreign service, as sure without extra charge, and allowed to go abroad with out forfeiture of Policy, on payment of an extra Premium, according to climate. In the event of the Assured (when on the Withdrawal System) nOt requiring to continue the Policy, on its surrender one-half the annual payments will be returned by way of purchase of his interest therein. By this in--ans, apprehension of great pecuniary loss and doubt as to the intrinsic transferable value of each Policy is /,- tnoved. its cash va'ue being fixed and determined beforehand by the Society at one-half the annual premiums paid thereon : a vast class of society will thereby be admitted ; and every indivi ual, s hide Steadily pursuing one object—a provision fir his family at death — Will have, by the plan of this. Society, a door open to his savings, Which will never be closed against his wants or his use. Prospectuses, Report of last Annual Meeting, Forms of Proposals for Assurarics, and every description of ne-essary Blank Forms, with Tables of Rates, and full information on all points, furnished, on ap- Plication at '26, Cornhill, or at any of the Company's Agencies. CI AVESEND STAR PACKETS. ;co other Packets call at the Greenhlthe, and Purtleet Piers. NOTICE.— D tY TICKETS are issued upon the Gravesend Star P 4 icketa, available for return by them or by the London and Tilbury /1:111way; the Return Tickets by the Rai way will also be available rot. return by the Star Packets. The Packets call at the Piers as underlined (weather permitting) FROM TERRACE PIER, GRA.VESEND. 'Terrace Pier WEEK DAYS. 7% 84 11% 1% 3% Direct Trains from the Boats marked t Omnibuses from Fenchurch•street Stat every quarter of an hoar. BRUN WICK BLACKWALL, lowing Trains from the Fenchurc SUNDAYS. lon to all parts of London , on the arrival of the fol th-street Station. WEEK DAYS. SUNDAYS. --......_ A ..... 4 , h' Fen- -`e _ • c- Pen- 0 !E' al , t cburcli 1 4 ii , tg T t, yd c s h tr u e r e cb 3,' : if. v _ Street C. " 5 :::3 g g •i,. t -- 4 `& _.— .._.— 8 .. • 9q——— % lo i 4 —9% 1i 1014 12——i1 21 1 14 4% 24 - *SIA —3% G% 6% ......._ Passages marked • are run direct. Fore Cabin. Saloon. direct. Fore Cabin. To or from Gravesend and London•• •• •• 10d. .. Is. 2d. , Gravesend and Blackwall or Woolwich B d. .. Os. 10 d. lielween Gravesend and Tntermediate Piers.. 6d. .. Os. Bd. , BOAT TICKETS.—TweIve Months, 5,. 0,4 Six Months, 3i. Os. ; Three Months, 21. Os.; to be had of the Collectors on board the Packets; or of Mr. Monk. Terrace Pier, Gravesend. Fast and superior Packets to be Let for Fxcursions. Apply to Mr. W. Morgan, Agent, Star Company, Star Office, Fenchurch street Terminus, Blackwall Railway. July 1, 1854 'THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH AND MATURITY. Goat published, price 23., illustrated with cases; free by post for 30 stamps, NERVOUS DEBILITY; .1.1 Its Causes, Symptoms, and Cure.—An Essay on Sper inatorrhcea, with Practical Observations on a safer and more successful mode of treatment of the diseases of the Generative f'Y'stem, obtained by the use of the Microscope iu detecting and distinguishing, by urinary examination, the real cause and effect of every variety of complaint, whether arising from solitary habits, excesses, accident, or climate , followed by practical remarks, founded on twenty years' experience in the treatment of Impuissance, Nervous Debility, Local Weakness, Spermatorrhcea, &c. To which are added, Commentaries on the Physiology of Marriage, with pre cautionary hints on the evils emanating from empirical practice, and on the dangerous remedies advocated by various writers on these important disorders. By SAMUEL LA'MERT, M.D. 37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON, Doctor of Medicine, Matriculated Member of the University of Edin burgh, Honorary Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, Loudon, &c., &c. Theessential object of this treatise is to point out the fearful con sequences resulting from certain habits, irregularities and excesses, which have produced more misery in Youth, degradation in Man hood, and premature decay at all stages of Life, than, perhaps, any other class of disease known to modern pathologists. Its perusal is particularly recommended to persons entertaining secret doubts of their physical condition, and who are conscious of having hazarded the health happiness, and privileges to which every human being is entitled. It is absolutely necessary that all men should know, that there are principles of personal management which cannot be violated without incurring grievous penalties, and when wisdom and regret succeed the heyday of inconsiderate self-Indulgence, how these penalties may be mitigated, how the sting of their bitterness may be removed, •nd how the evil and its consequences may be avoided, and above all. that there is namely any degree of physical infirmity or functional derangement to which the timely aid of science cannot apply a cure. The Author has for a series of years been engaged in an extensive practice in the treatment of these delicate complaints, which are unfortunately teen too generally confided to the care of ignorant empirics, who inflict great injury ou those who are induced to place faith in their pretensions. /+1 EBV01.1"A DEBILITY may be had, price 2s, of Messrs. Piper, Brothers, and Co., 23, Paternoster-row; Horne, 19, Leicester-square; Mann. 39, Cornhill • or free by post for thirty stamps, to any address from the Author's residence, 37, Bedford-square. At home for consultation daily from gleyen till Two, and from St= till Eight. DR. DE JONGH'S LIGHT BROWN COD LIVER OlL.—The most effectual remedy for CONSUMP TION, BRONCHITIS. ASTHMA, (lour, RHEUMATISM, and all SCROFULOUS COMPLAINTS. Pure and unadulterated, contain ing all its most active and es - ential principles—effecting a cure much more rapidly than any other kind. Prescribed by the most eminent medical men and supplied to the leading hospitals of Europe. Half pint bottles, 2s. Gd. ; pints, 4s 9d., IMPERIAL MEASURE. Wholesale and Retail depot, ANSAR, HARFORD, and CO., 77, Strand. DUNN'S TAILORS' LABOUR AGENCY invites public attention to the principles on which it is con ducted, and by which it offers unusual advantages, both to the pro ducer and the consumer combining high wages to the one with low charges to the other. Conducted by the Agent at small cost, it secures the best labour, and pats the best price for it ; while it appro priates a part of its trading profits to the moral and social elevation of its operatives, and has provided, at a cost of neirly one Teonsand Pounds, Schools for the education of their children, Lecture Hall, Library. Warm Baths, &c. .lee a more lengthen d statement in the Times' of any We newlaY , or send for a prospectus. A useful Dress Coat, twenty-eight Shillings —Wares paid for making. 10e 6d. A first-class Dress Coat, Two Pounds Sixteen —Wages paid for rnak lac, 15s. 13 and 14, Newington Causeway, and 39 and 40, Bridge House place, opposite.__ No connexion with any other House. TRIESEMAR, protected by Royal Letters Patent of England, and secured by the Seals of the Ecole de Pharmacie de Paris, and the Imperial College of Medicine, Vienna. TRIESEMAR, No. 1, Is a remedy for Relaxation, Spermatorrhcea, and Exhaustion of the System. TRIESEMAR, No. 2, effectually, in the short space of three days, 'completely and entirely era dicates all traces of those Disorders which Ca p ivi and Cubebs have so long been t hou g ht an antidote for, to the ruin of the health of a vast portion of the population. TRI ESE MAR, No. 3, is the great Cont'nental Remedy for that class of Disorders, which unfortunately the English physivan treats with Mercury, to the in evitable destruction of the patient's constitution, and which all the sarsaparilla in the world cannot remove. TRIEsEMAIt, No. I, 2, and 3, are alike devoid of taste toiletta or smeblell, and of all nauseating qualities. T he y may lie on the without their use being suspected. Sold in tin cases at 11. each, free by post, 2s. extra, divided into ,ieparate doses, as administered by Valpeau, Lallemand, Roux, se., &c.—To be had Wholesale and Retail in London of Robert John ton, 68, Cornhill ; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-street; and danger, 150, Oxford-street. ELEGANT PERSONAL REQUI-ITES. 'ROWLAND'S MACASSAR OlL.—The suc cessful results of the half century have proved beyond ques tion, that this unique discovery possesses peculiarly nourishing powers in the growth, restoration, and improvement of the Human Hair. In the growth of the Beard. Whiskers, Eyebrows, and Mus tachios, it is unfailing in its stimulating operation. Price 3s 6d., 73., or Family Bottles (equal to four small), 10s. 6d., and double that size, 21s. ROWLAND'S KALYDOR.—An Oriental Bo tanical Preparation of unfailing efficacy in thoroughly puri fying the skin from all pimples, spots, redness, Freckles, Tan, and discolorntions, in producing a healthy freshness and transparency of complexion, and a softness and delicacy of the hands and arms. Price 4s. 6d. and Bs. 6d. per bottle. ROWLAND'S ODONTO, or PEARL DENTI FRICE, a white powder, Prepared from Oriental Herbs with unusual care, and of inestimable value in preserving and beautify ing the Teeth. strengthening the Gums, and in giving sweetness and perfume to the breath. Price 2s. 9d. per box. Beware of Spurious Imitations! The only genuine of each bear the name of " Rowland's " preceding that of the article on the wrapper or label. Sold by A. 'tomato) & SONS, 20, Hatton Garden, London, and by Chemists and Perfumers. AUTlON.—Messrs. ALLSOPP and SONS ‘4, ) find it necessary to caution the Public, and especially Shippers of their Mee to the Colonies, aga'nst frauds committed by parties in selling spurious Ales for those of Messrs. Allsopp and Sons. Messrs. ALLSOPP and SONS have felt compelled by the extent to which this disgraceful practice has been carried, to proceed in several cases by obtaining injunctions from the Court of Chancery, and have ultimately been driven to prosecute criminally for the com mission of this offence. They beg to call attention to the Case of the QUEEN V. GRAY and Gosms, in which Lard Campbell sentenced the parties charged to " Twelve Months' Imprisonment, with Hard Labour."—Vide " Times" and " Morning Advertiser," of the 18th May. Messrs. ALLSOPP and SONS will thank all persons having rea son to doubt the genuineness of any article sold under their name, to send them the earliest information, in order that Immediate steps may be taken for prosecuting the parties. Me. srs. ALL AOPP and SONS will be happy to furnish the names of respectable houses, where a supply of their Ales may be depended on as genuine from the Brewery. Brewery, Burton-on-Trent. NITY OF FRANCE AND ENGLAND.— dJ dJ Mutual co-operation has taken place—all unity of interests has been discovered, that will render the two nations the admiration of every kingdom • n earth. They have their distinct talents and peculiarities, but, once amalgamated, there is no bound to their pro gress. It will have been observed that E. MOSES and SON were the first to exhibit the commercial consequences of the unity of France and England. France produced its fancy fabrics for SUM MER ATTIRE, and E MOSES and SON fashioned them into the most approved costume for that season, for special or ordinary wear. Thus France has produced for E. MOSES and SON, and they have manufactured for them—having their Patrons in France as well as all other countries. E. MOSES and SON never overlooked the advantages which the Public derive from the unity of France and England —their present stock of SUMMER ATTIRE is the most satisfaotory illustration which could be attained in HATS, CAPS, FANCY HOSIERY, LADIES' DRESSES, SH AWLS, MANTLES, PARASOLS, &c. France and England are represented in the most effective manner at E. MOSES and SON'S City and West end Branch Establishments, and the benefits of the international compact are discerned in the very economical prices charged for the most elegant articles of the season. _ JUVENILE ATTIRE, which E. MOSES and SON have produced for the MIDSUMMER HOLIDAYS, partake] of all these advan tages, and is distinguished for novelty and cheapness, which exceeds all former preparations. The WHOLESALE DEPARTMENT, which is the largest and most select Stock of SHIRTS, BOOTS, and SHOES, &c., secures the most desirable advantages to Merchants, Captains, Emigrants, or Country Buyers, the articles being much better and considerably cheaper than at any other house. Full LIST , of OUTFITS for Ladies and Gentlemen, with ship sailing information, may be had on application gratis or post free. CAUTION.—E. MOSES and SON regret paving to guard Jae pare against imposition,hr.ving learned that the untradesman-like fal.ch tyl of " Being connected with their Establishment," or " It's the same concern," has been resorted to in many instances, anti for obvious reasons, they beg to state that they have No CONNEXION WITH ANY OTHER HOUSE IN OR OUT OF LONDON, except their own Establishments, as follows : London City Establishment, 154, 155. 156, and 157, Minories, 84, 85, and 86, Aldgate, opposite the Church, all communicating. London West-end Branch, 506, 507, 508, New Oxford-street, 1,2, and 3, Hart-street, all commuicating. Bradford (Yorkshire) Branch, 19 and 20, Bridge-street. Sheffield Branch, 35, Fargate. Colonial Wholesale Branch, Melbourne, Australia. Merchant Tailors. Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers, Boot and Shoe Makers, and General Outfitters for Ladies and Gentlemen. IMPORTANT Should any article not give satisfaction, it will be exchanged if desired, or, if preferred, the money will be returned without hesitation. All goods are marked in plain figures, the lowest price, trom which no abatement can be made. The Establishments are closed from sunse: on Fridays to sunset on Saturdays, when business is resumed till 12 o'clock. A new Book, with illustrations, entitled" The Echo of Public Opi nion," containing full lists of prices, our system of self-measure ment, &c., &c., may be had on application, or post-free. Ici Pon parle Francais. Qui si pule Italian. Hier sprichS raaa Deatsch. Aqua akhabla Zapano. Yesterday morning the Vivid steam-vessel left Wool wich for Dover, to remain there until the arrival of Rear- Admiral M. F. F. Berkeley, C. 8., First Naval Lord of the Admiralty, who will proceed in her to Calais, where the French troops are to embark in the Hannibal, 91, screw steam-ship, Commodore Hon. F. W. Grey ; the Algiers, 91, steam-ship, Captain C. Talbot ; the Royal William, 120, Captain Kingcome ; and the St. Vincent, 102, Captain G. Mansel. The French troops will be conveyed from Calais in steamers to the English ships of war in waiting for them, and when the troops are all on board they will pass through the Downs for the North Sea and the Baltic. it is expected that one of the companies of Royal Sappers and Miners at present at Chatham will be sent to the Baltic ; and Colonel Jones, commandant of Royal Engineers at Chatham, will also proceed to the same destination. __ Major C. C. Young's No. 2 company, 12th battalion, and Captain Irving's No. 3 company, 12th battalion, told off for service with siege guns ; and Captain Townsend's No. 4 company, 12th battalion, Captain Bingham's No. 5 company, 12th battalion, and Major Rowan's No. 6 company, 12th battalion, attached to the field batteries, have been placed under orders for service in the East, and were supplied with their kits yesterday (Thursday) afternoon, and are to hold themselves in readiness to embark on the shortest notice. _ _ _ Captain Cleaveland's, No. 8 company, 12th battalion, on being relieved from the Tower yesterday, returned to Woolwich and marched direct into camp on Woolwich common, Captain Townsend's company being withdrawn from the camp to prepare for immediate embarkation for the East. The companies of the Royal Artillery are to be aug mented one sergeant, one cor p ora l, an d e i g ht gunners to each company, making a total strength of 150 men to each company for home service, and 205 men for each company for foreign service. It is stated in a private letter received yesterday from Gallipoli, that the carpenters of No. 7 company of the Royal Sappers and Miners, and all the carpenters that could be spared from the portion of the army at present at Gallipoli are actively employed in erecting log huts, each capable of accommodating 107 men, and destined to be the winter q uarters of the British troops in Turkey. Inquiries were made yesterday at Southampton by the Government authorities there of all the steam packet companies for more steamers for the conveyance of troops, but none could be obtained. The Simla is to g s o iml t a o , aLnidveorproinoolcoto heamvebabrkeentroorodpesr.ed T t to e b a r l e Hima a y d a y , with the greatest possible despatch. Government tele. graph messages are received in Southampton constantly respecting the conveyance of troops. The St. Vincent, 102, Captain George Mansel, is get ting ready at Portsmouth, to sail to-day or to-morrow, for the French coast, to embark troops for the Baltic. The Sphinx, 6, paddle sloop, Captain Clifford, is to ac cumpany her. APPOINTMENTS. Surgeons—James Brown (b.), M.D. (1853), from the St. Vincent, 102, to the Illustrious, 26, training-ship, at Portsmouth ; Lenox T. Cunningham, M.D. (1840), borne on the books of the Fisgard, flag-ship at Wool wich, for service in the Royal Naval Coast Volunteers, to the St. Vincent, for service in conveying French troops to the Baltic. ASsistant-Surgeons—Julian W. Slight (1846) to the St. Vincent ; James Henry (1842) to the Impregnable, flag-ship at Devonport ; Cecil Crandel (1843), from the Royal William, 120, to the Impregnable. Master's Assistant—F. 0. Simpson to the Malacca, 17, steam-sloop, at Chatham. Basil S. D. Ros Hall, mate of the Diamond, is pro- moted to the rank of Lieutenant. MILITARY. The second division of the 15th (King's) Hussars left Chatham on July 5 for Canterbury, to join head-quarters there, leaving t lea c v oo i n n m g jpua t ln h yi e ess forinvalids from the corps behind, in order that th e y may o b ta i n t h e i r di sc h arge. of Canterburythe BOth Regimentßegime,where the of r Foot regiment left eot is to be stationed, having moved from Chatham to make room for the great number of invalids recently returned home from the East Indies. The head-quarters and two more companies of the 80th Regiment of Foot fol lowed yesterday for Canterbury, and billeted at Sitting bourne, as the eight companies did on the previous night. The regiment is to be augmented and remodelled, and as it is at present only 500 strong, numerous re cruiting parties will have to be sent out to raise the ad ditional number (900) required to put it on the war establishment of 1,400 strong. The depot of the regi ment has been much reduced, owing to the number of men who volunteered for service in Turkey. Many hundreds of men might be obtained from the militia if they were permited to enlist without having to apply to their own colonel for a discharge. The first squadron of the 3d Light Dragoons left Manchester yesterday morning, under the command of Major Forbes, for Burnley. Other portions of the regi ment will go to Preston and other towns. The object of the movement is to make room for the Scots Greys, who were to arrive last evening, on their way to Liver pool. They remain at Manchester, however, until the Simla and other transports are ready to receive them in the Mersey, when they will receive the route for the seat of war. It is expected that the 3d Dragoons will also, ere long, be ordered to Turkey. On Tuesday morning, at seven o'clock, the 3d division of the 27th (Enniskillen) Regiment left Penrose's-quay in one of the river steamers for Queenstown, to embark on board the Birham, for conveyance to Calcutta. The division (under the command of Major Durnford (con sisted of three companies, numbering 244 privates, 12 sergeants, 15 corporals, and 3 drummers. The officers who accompanied the men were--Captains Manly and Rhodes, Lieutenants Downing, Newton, Gressen, and Pemsell, and Surgeon Mostyn. 31 women and 35 children, who had obtained permission to proceed with the regiment to India, also accompanied the division. The East Indiaman ship Balcarras, so long and anxiously looked for, landed the troops she brought home on Monday at UTIWONOIId, animating to 340 non! The recent voyages of the Peninsular and Oriental Company's steam-ship Himalaya, and of the Royal mail steam-ship Atrato, have attracted much attention among nautical men, and go far to illustrate the relative capa bilities for speed of the screw and paddlewheel as rival methods of propulsion. The Himalaya made the voyage from Cork to Varna, exclusive of stoppages, in 11 days 19 hours, the average speed being a little over 111 knots, or about 133 miles, an hour. The Atrato accomplished the passage from Southampton to St. Thomas in 11 days 8i hours, the average speed being 13 knots, or equal to 151 miles, an hour. The Atrato's passage to the West Indies is the most extraordinary long voyage performance ever recorded in the annals of steam navigation, and proves that ship to be by far the fastest ocean steamship yet produced. Coming home her average speed was 12 1-10 knots, the reduced rate being caused by bad coals. The achievement of the Atrato is the more worthy of notice from her comparative small power when contrasted with tonnage. She has, in fact, only 800 horse-power to a tonnage of 3,466, while the celebrated steamship La Plata, built by the Cunard Company, has 1,000 horse-power to 2,500 tons of burden, and the quickest passage ever made by La Plata has occupied 121 days from Southampton to St. Thomas. The favourable result produced by the Atrato has been caused by her superiority of model and great length. Both the Atrato and Himalaya are constructed of iron, the former being propelled by paddles and the latter by a screw of 700 horse-power to 3,500 tons bur den. During the runs in question, which afford an op portunity of judging of the respective merits of the ships both vessels were heavily laden with coals, passengers, and stores, the Himalaya having a regiment of cavalry on board, besides large quantities of baggage, Govern. ment stores, &c. ; and the Atrato starting, besides a heavy cargo, baggage, &c., with 1,300 tons of fuel on board, of which 350 tons were unexpended when she reached the termination of the voyage. The screw steamer, of 3,500 tons and 700 horse power, under these circumstances giving an average of 111, and the paddle• wheel steamer, of 3,466 tons and 800 horse-power, show ing a mean speed of 13 knots an hour. The difference in speed, 11 knots per hour, being more than equal to the nominal difference of power—viz., 100 horses—in favour of the Atrato, and seems to be conclusive as to actual speed (other considerations being omitted in the advantage presented by the paddle-wheel steamer over her rival of the screw. With reference to the above, the following has been addressed to the editor of the Times :---Under the head of " on the Ocean Steami ng " 'ri is of a propelling respective met pg power fo r large the Times, I o bserve an article paddlewheel and screw as the steam ships, and from the conclusion therein a rr i ve d be considered the most d at the f ormer would appear to of the two finest desirable. The relative voyage steam eirr t es i p t ective c l as ses have been takenmust asrta afloat test, and, so far, nothing could have been better than the oasetleocf their ; bu be borne in mind that in this formed her voyage under mo s t disadvantageous circum car th e s crew ship per stances. First, she has not b een s t ar ted last February, and her bottom docked since she first ottom is, consequently, very foul, green grass r having feet in length. Again , I biove she did not work to accumulated on it some her full power during this trip by From practical kn owled g e of the 4lb. of pressure. two descriptions of vessels , I feel respective speed of the 0 certain that— say in a voyage from Southam p t on St. Thomas's and back—the screw wou ld beat the to should (as Englishmen generally doriF-wheel, that I the screw at considerable odds. Theerlsposed to back imalaya's aver age speed has never been so low si nce she first went to sea, and it is an unque stionab le fact steaming speed, when in order a nd with that her general is as near 13 knots an hour as ma y be; a clean bottom, With a slant has, , aof wind she goes 14 and 14 k , and h, you may re member, run at the rate of 16 i kn ots an hour, our, and per formed, by observation, 350 miles in ove r therefore, am under the im p ressio n that 24 hours. I, you have ar rived at a conclusion on the res p e ctive merits of the paddle-wheel and screw which y ou wo uld not have done had you been aware of th e facts I hav e just j quoted ;and my firm opinion is, that the writer of the article alluded to will yet become a con vert to the unquestionably su perior merits for ocean steaming of the screw over the paddle-wheel. -------,.......-----.--....,. S.HIPPINGa.RETDBAr-s. as compared with, although al lowance must be made for th e activit y of transport The shipping returns of t he Board of Trade for the month ending the sth of J une a g ain show a consider able increase of arrivals and de p arture s both of British a th n e d correspondingforeign m 0 n e t x h c except t last year Russian, er a ; nd ves sels, they confirm the evidence furnished by the declared value of our exportations as to the uninterrupted pro gress of the country in the face of war. Last month there were no clearances to Russia, and only two arrivals thence ; but on the present occasion, owing, it is pre sumed, to the prizes brought in, 22 Russian ships appear to have entered, of an aggregate capacity of 4,732 tons. Subjoined are the general entries and clearances of all classes of vessels : u Entered inward : TONNAGE FOR MONTH ENDIlia JUNE 5. 1852. 1853. 1854. British vessels 303,218 351,166 407,416 United States' vessels Othe4countries 126,590 243,218 259,463 500,056 643,614 716,904 The clearances outward were : 1852. 1853. 1854. British vessels 430,063 423,549 428,816 United States' vessels Other countries 126,8 15 186,000 241,114 631,392 666,416 768,626 With regard to the coasting trade, the returns show that the tonnage entered inward was 1,093,791 in the month ending June 5, 1852 ; 1,149,239 in 1853 ; and 1,126,388 in 1854. The clearances outward were 1,181,022 in June, 1852; 1,141,877 in 1853; and 1,259 1 233 in 1854. 1839 PP 1844 PP 1849 JP 1854 "This great decrease, however, has taken place princi• pally in the lower ranks; thus, the number of field officers on half and retired full pay has fallen since 1840 from 554 to 390, while the number of captains on half and retired full pay has decreased during the same from 1,401 to 988; the lieutenants, from 2,679 to 929; and the ensigns and cornets, from 435 to 134. "The cause of this," it is added, "is obvious. In the lower regimental ranks employment is certain for any of ficer desiring it. "But the moment an officer attains field officers' rank, his chances of employment are very much diminished. This necessarily results from the constitution of a regiment, which consists, for the most part, of ten companies, with their ranks of officers, each numerically the same. Thus the ten ensigns become ten lieutenants, and the ten lieu tenants become ten captains ; but from that rank upwards the •quality of proportion is of course lost. For the ten captains there are but two majorities to be attained; and for the two majors but one lieutenant-colonelcy. A pro portion of these ten captains must, therefore, ultimately retire on half-pay, if they do not sell out, in which case they merely substitute another person to stand in the same position as themselves. " However much, therefore, time may relieve the ser vice of redundancy of officers caused by the reduction after the war, there will always be in process of creation a fresh though a more limited redundancy of field officers, who will stand between the captains' and the generals' list, forming a bar to promotion after the former rank, and becoming themselves too old for active service by the time they are absorbed into the generals' list. " The progress made, however, in reducing the half-pay list since 1838.9, even iu the upper ranks, has been most satisfactory; and there is every reason to expect, unless some great disturbing cause should arise, that the ratio of that reduction will continue for some years to come." As regards the ages of the officers now serving, and those in the general officers' list, or in immediate prox imity to it, the results of the researches made by the commissioners have been by no means so satisfactory. They state that a comparison of the War-office returns for the year 1838 and 1854 shows that, in the lower ranks of the army, the age of the officers is less, but that in the upper ranks it is greater, than it was in the same grades at the former period. And they proceed to sub stantiate their assertion by tabular statements of the ages of officers of different ranks. We extract the portions relating to the highest and lowest grades of which the particulars are given, which are as follows : " In Juno 1838 there were 1,852 lieutenants on full pay. There are now 1,966. " Their ages in 1838 were as follows :- 1,235 were below 30 years of age. 285 between 30 and 35 128 „ 35 and 40 118 „ 40 and 45 86 „ 45 and 65 1,852 " In 1854 there aro 1,966. 1,882 aro below 30 years of age. 72 between 30 and 35 8 2, 35 and 40 3 ~ 40 and 45 I „ 45 and G 5 1,966 There wer. in 1838, 177 lieutenant-colonels on full pay. Of whom 16 were below 40 years of age. 29 between 40 and 45 54 „ 45 and 50 78 „ 50 and 65 177 " In 1854 there are 112. Of whom 38 are below 40 years of age. 45 between 40 and 45 46 „ 45 and 50 53 „ 50 and 65 182 These results they proceed to observe— " Are no doubt mainly owing to the greater prevalence of sale and purchase in the lower regimental ranks as com pared with the upper, which prevalence again has been more marked in 1853 than it was in 1539, as will be shown by the following table, giving the number of officers of each rank who retired from the army by the sale of their commissions in those two years : In 1839. In 1853. ___ __ Maj or-generals - ...... 1 Colonels Lieutenant-colonels l 2 Majors Captains 93 Lieutenants Cornet; second-lieutenants, and ensigns 37 269 311 " It is obvious that under tho present system, by which all promotion iu the upper ranks, with exceptions too con fined in their operations to have much influenc e on general results, is given to seniority alone, irrespective of service; the larger the number of field officers on half-pay the slower the promotion to the rank of major-general must be, inasmuch as the amount of that promotion is necessarily regulated not by the numbers and requirements of the rank from which the promotion is made, but by the num bers of the then existing general officers' list. " It follows again as a matter of course that the slower the promotion is the greater is the age of the officers pro moted. "If, therefore, we find that, instead of an increase in the numbers of the officers on half-pay, there is an actual decrease, the number on full pay remaining generally about the same, the circum stances are, pro tanto, more favourable to an earlier promotion from field officer rank to that of major-general ; yet although the field officers on half-pay have diminished from 554 to 390 during the ten years which elapsed between the brevets of 1841 and 1851, yet upon an examination of the returns of the ages and services of the colonels promoted to be major -generals at those two periods, promoted m w o il t l ed b e in fou l n B 4dLtheaxtel t utexcluding average a go of major-genera ls frac tions, was 59, and that of the major -generals promoted in 1851 was 60." The following passage, which expresses the views of the Commissioners as to the age best suited to active service and heavy responsibilities, is exceedingly im portant : 4' The army cannot be said t o b e e ffi c i ent in all its ranks when, in the grade from which the commander must bo chosen, upon whose vigour and energy the success of a campaign may mainly depend, there are no officers below that age after which but few possess the physical s t ren gth necessary to endure the m p e r t iva ions and fatigues incidental to service in the field. Nor is the evil limited Before explaining their views as to the changes which it may be expedient to effect, the commissioners com ment on the existing mode of advancing officers by brevet to the rank of major-general, which, they observe, is intended to answer two distinct objects—first, to create a class of officers eligible for commands ; and secondly, to reward past service by conferring on those who have performed them an honorary distinction combined with certain pecuniary advantages. Only a small proportion of the officers who become major-ganerals, and subse quently lieutenant-generals and generals, are ever ac tually employed in these ranks ; and it is obvious that the advancement of those who are not so can only be regarded as a reward for their past services. As to the first and most important of these objects, that of furnishing officers fit to hold commands, the details contained in earlier pages of the report prove that the syste m h as not worked well, and the commis sioners apprehend that it could not be made to do so by any abridgment of the time at which the rank of major-general is usually attained. One obvious incon venience resulting from such a course would be an acces sion to the list of general officers so great as to impose a heavy burden upon the finances of the country. The commissioners proceed to point out the remedy which they recommend, and express their opinion that it should be sought in a more free exercise of the power vested in her Majesty of giving temporary rank to officers, with a view to their being appointed to com mands which cannot otherwise be so satisfactorily filled up. "It has," they observe, "long been the practice of the British army to confer, when occasion requires it, local and temporary rank on officers selected for certain duties. But the advantage to be derived from this practice has, for many years past, been materially diminished by its having been regarded as a rule, to which very few exceptions have been admitted, not to confer rank of this kind in such a manner as to alter the relative position of officers, as deter mined by the dates at which they have respectively at tained the rank of colonel. It has not been thought ad visable that temporary rank as major or lieutenant-general should be given to any officer where he is likely to meet on service officers standing above himself in the strict order of seniority, and there have been but few instances of officers being appointed to command as major -generals, until they have reached that rank in the ordinary manner. They therefore recommend that in future, when the ser vices of an officer are required to take the command of any portion of your Majesty's troops as a general officer, the fittest officer that can be found for the partic u l ar I should be selected, without reference to seniority, from the whole list of officers who have attained the rank of colonel or a superior rank." The commissioners add their belief that— "By adopting this rule, together with a further change in the mode of advancing officers from the rank of lieut.- colonel to that of colonel, which we shall propose in a later paragraph of this report, we believe that those whose duty it is to submit the names of officers to be appointed to im portant commands, would always have it in their power to recommend for such employment officers properly qualified for it by their age, their vigour of body, and their profes sional knowledge and ability." The selection of colonels for major-generals' com mands will not, it is added, be an innovation in the Bri tish army, but rather the revival of a system which for merly prevailed, but has, during the last century, fallen into desuetude ; and any objection which may be made on the ground of possible partiality in selection, may be urged with equal force against the practice of selection from the list of major-generals. The promotion of lieutenant-colonels to the rank of colonel is at present regulated " According to the strict rule of seniority, without re ference to the service performed by the officers promoted, except in the case of officers appointed to be aides-de-camp to the Queen, who become full colonels by virtue of that appointment. All other officers obtain this rank by general brevets, which include equally lieutenant-colonels on full or on half pay. It is recommended that, in future, this prac tice should be altered ; and that, except when promotion is given as a reward for very distinguished conduct in war, or by appointment as aide-do-camp to the Queen, officers should rise from the rank of lieutenant-col o n e l t o hat of colonel by service alone. The commissioners propose that the rank of full colonel should be given to all officers on their com pleting three years of service with the rank of lieutenant colonel, in the command of regiments, or the field officers and senior captains and lieutenant-colonels of battalions of the Guards, termed mounted officers, or to lieutenant-colo nels on the staff, in situations necessarily held by officers of that rank ; or lastly, as field officers of the Artillery or Engineers. By giving the rank of full colonel to lieutenant colonels, after three years' service in any of the above ca pacities, the interval between tho acquisition of the former and of the latter rank would be greatly abridged in favour of officers who served in active employment after being promoted to be lieutenant-colonels, and would thus bring them into a position in which, according to the recommen dation above submitted, they would be eligible for employ ment as major-generals. It is believed that by this arrange ment ample facilities would be afforded for obtaining the services of general officers less advanced in life than those to whom employment in this rank has of late years been restricted ; with the further advantage of offering a strong inducement to exertion to officers holding the command of regiments, or any of the other situations which, according to our suggestion, would give the same title to advance ment ; since distinguished merit in the discharge of their duties by officers so employed, would naturally lead to higher commands under the system of which w e have ad vised the adoption." major -generals, eemycuniaryadvan of our_ s wolaa wholecers, highly an d theyperformedc advantageous to be withdrawn The o the e o s t y dsteesmirooufsadtvoanacbianngdon, colonelsbut they propose onsider the ar rangement the e armyw ar reward for b y theirseniority s past to s etrhvei and ne r hs a cit n t k nhToe o ti f pi honorary tages w b i ch it distinction bring 0. obtained the abuse the rule hopes one on the from the an to the public. any duty which allows officers having obtained brevet rank of t colonel, without having They regard,harhinowever, as lieutenant colonel, ultimately to become major -generals if m erely expressed to the comm d ' they havean er-m-chief their readiness to serve when called upon ; and they propose the advancement propose should be enforced on who have actually t h os e served for three years as lieute nant-colonels. With respect to brevets, and the substitute to be recommended in their place, the commissioners explain their opinion in the following paragraphs . "We are also of opinion D • that the resent practice of having general brevets s at uncertain intervals of time, and of an extent determined by no positive rule shouldpro spectively b e a b andoned. It is obvious ' that, to any service, an alternation of 1 • largo promotions and complete stagnation must be injurious, especially when the promotions come at capricious and unforeseen periods, depending not on the wants of the service so much as on the occurrence of events totally unconnected with the state or requirements of the army. Tlms there was a brevet in 1830, then for six years an entire stagnation of promotion in the upper ranks ; in 1837 and 1838 brevets two years running ; again a stagna tion till IS4I, in which there was a brevet ; since which there have been two brevets, at intervals of about five years. "We attach much importance, therefore, to the abolition in future years of general periodical brevet promotions, and we recommend the creation of a fixed establishment of general officers, each vacancy in which should be filled up as it occurs by the advancement of the senior colonel on the list, except when there may be a supernumerary general officer (appointed as we shall recommend in the succeeding paragraphs) to fall into it. With regard to the number of general officers which should form the fixed establishment, we have had some difficulty in coming to a satisfactory conclusion. Upon the whole it has appeared to us that the best course would be, to take the actual number of general officers as our guide. We find that on the 30th of April last, the general officers' list comprised 134 colonels of re giments ; 92 on unattached pay, and 7 on half - pay , or in all. We propose that in future there should be 100 Into this retired list it is proposed to absorb as many of the lieutenant-colonels as choose to accept the terms, giving them 1001. a year in addition to their half-pay. " The cost of the existing full-pay retirement is as fol lows :—The full pay of their ranks to 25 lieutenant colonels, 25 majors, 61 brevet-majors, and 37 captains, amounts to 37,990/. 10s. 10d. ; but, in order to arrive at the net cost to the country, it is necessary to deduct the cost of the half-pay of which they would be in the receipt were they not on retired full pay ; this amounts, in the case of the officers above enumerated, to 22,985/. 17s. Gd., which, being deducted from the 37,990/. 10s. 10d., leaves a net cost to the public of 15,013/. 13s. 4d. " To this net cost of 15,0131. we propose to add an esti mated net cost, in round numbers, of about 8,0001. a year." The exact net cost it is for several reasons difficult to ascertain, but the estimate given is supposed to be an approximation as near as can be made to the increase in expense which would have to be provided for. Such are the recommendations of the commissioners with regard to the household troops, and the infantry and cavalry of the line. The same alterations are sug gested in the mode of promotion in the Royal Artillery and Engineers, but the difference between their organi sation and that of the rest of the army renders separate consideration necessary. In the Royal Artillery "The command of battalions, corresponding to the colonelcies of regiments, is given to general officers, not by selection but by seniority. There has been but one excep tion to this rule in the present century, and the practice of conferring these commands according to seniority, without reference to services, is nowinever departed from. " The engineers aro also considered to form only a single regiment, and the officers of this corps likewise are promoted only by seniority ; but the services required from engineer officers are of a very different nature from those of any other officers in the army. Except when in command of detachments of the sappers and miners, the officers of the engineers have no privates under their orders, and the duties imposed upon them require that they should most commonly be employed singly, or not more than two or three together, throughout the extensive dominions of the Crown." From the peculiar reputation of these two services it has resulted that " The average of the officers in the different ranks of Ordnance corps is 'far greater than that of officers in the corresponding ranks of tha army, nor is the average made up of that variety of ages which, - within certain limits, is to be found in the ranks of the army, and which gives to the public service the advantage of having a few officers in each of the higher ranks of greater physical vigour than the rest." By a detailed comparision it appears that " The ages of the officers below field officers' rank are, as in the rest of the army, younger now than they were in 1838, but from a different cause. In the other branches of the army this arose from the increased sale of commis sions; in the Ordnance corps it has arisen from the great impetu3 given to promotion by the frequent augmentations which the Ordnance corps have received of late years. But, on the other hand, the increase of age in the upper ranks of the Ordnance corps is far greater than that in the army. There is not now in the Royal Artillery one full pay colonel under 65, and very few lieutenant-colonels under 55 ; while in the rest of the army, during the period intervening between 1838 and 1854, the age of the field officers has but slightly increased. In the Ordnance corps, taking the ten senior colonels in each year, the increase is not less than seven years in the artillery and six in the en gineers. " Again, in the brevet of 1841, no colonel in the Royal Artillery, promoted to be a major-general, was above 70 years old ; in the brevet of 1831 there was no colonel pro moted who was under 70." The commissioners are therefore of opinion that, in order to bring forward the officers of the Ordnance corps to the rank of lieutenant-colonel at an earlier period of life, it will be absolutely necessary to increase consider ably the provision which is now made for the retire ment of officers from this branch of the service ; and s t h h o e y f u d u e r x t e he ro r i s e s y u o g o g r e s u t n d ' o ct u h b a t t e , d p i n o w f u o t r u o r f e, s e y l e o e u t i r n g 3a Majesty ! of all ranks in the Ordnance corps for service, and should give them for that purpose such rank and promotion as their merits and the duties entrusted to them may appear to entitle them to, without regard to their seniority in the corps." It has been felt, however, that the principle of selection for promotion cannot be introduced, even to this extent, into the Ordnance service, without rendering more obvious the necessity, which exists on othergrounds, n;owanmade is, f o t r h rhee fore, proposed, in the first p lace, that a larger and mo r e rfoertirinemcreenastionfg othffieoeprrsovfriosimon thesewhic which corps i certain amount of promotion to the rank of major-ge neral should be assigned to the Ordnance service, and the following changes are also suggested ‘, l. With a view to render the retirement at once more honourable and more attractive, to give a step of rank to each officer retiring. the restriction f n any oneyear, imposed number ‘2too do oe away allowed h w it to retire "- portion of officers of ea c h ran k . To invest the master-general with the ercised by the command • chief same powerex. namel fromBl'lll- in parallel cases ; y, that o f selecting among the candidates for re tirement those cases which, from peculiar circamstancea, may be the most pressing. " 4. To fix the gross sum which the retirement shall not exceed, augmenting it, however, considerably beyond the amount now voted, in order to facilitate the retirement of a larger number of officers." The amount at present voted is 33,9311., and an addi tional sum of about 14,0001. would probably be requisite to carry out the plan suggested by the commissioners. The report concludes with a recapitulation of the altera tions suggested, and a hope is expressed that the ulti- mate tendency of the changes recommended will be to reduce the numbers of the ineffective portion of the army, and consequently in future years to reduce the cost of its maintenance ; while the accelerated promotion of officers, whose services and capacity entitle them to such advance ment, will ensure the presence, in all ranks of min to whose unimpaired energy and vigour may be entrusted the safety of the country and the honour of her &fajesty's arms. SAVINGS'-BANKS.—A bill has just been introduced by the Government for continuing for four years the Irish Savings'-banks Act of the 11th and 12th of Victoria, and for allowing the funds of friendly societies to be depo sited in savings'- banks, without restrictions as to amount, under such regulations as shall he prescribed by the Com missioners for the Reduction of the National Debt. CAUSE AND EFFECT—WELLER's•COURT, KING'S -CROSS. —lt may be worth while to state that since the articles on the neighbourhood of King's-cross appeared, the cess pools in Weller's-court and in "Paradise -row" have been removed, and the closets drained. Mr. Sutherin, the district surgeon, states that since this has been done he has been called comparatively seldom into the houses. In Ashby-stfcet, and other strereettssht.ewhAne stiaggllioeedd,by yp twhietlichsitlodnreens children. The h o e t o h t e h r neighbourhood, g o h u t b t h o t e u e n r drain- h days oo d n oui \Veller's-court, where i ' wematterss unaltered, hada db eeena : b lu e p inspectionl o n vsesdti ltwolin and saw with regret that of the closets had been j utors called again at Weller's-courbtbiswhh, other day one of our coad were overflowing, and the smell most ff e e ln u s t i t ‘ h , i e n e: c i l t s o e w s v e u e ts . o Seve ral women who live adjoining . complained of the place, and regretted that after pains had been taken the work s hould have been thus destroyed. "Is any one ill ?" be asked. " Yes, sir ; a littl e g i r l i s dying there," pointing to a w i nd ow above the two closets. She had been ill about a week, and was then sinking from an attack of typhus fever.— OTh Builder. Time