The Sun. — London, England, 1863-05-06 00:00:00

IMPERIAL P. HOUSE OF LORDS—Last Evening. The LORD CHANCELLOR took his seat on the woolsack at the usual hour. The Earl of POWIS presented a petition from the clergy of Poole against the sale of intoxicating liquors on Sunday. PRIVATE BUSINESS. The Rumsey and Brecon and Merthyr Tydvil Junction Railway—Banff, Macduff, and Turriff Extension Railway —Brecon and Merthyr Tydvil Railway—Peterborough Cattle—Caledonian Railway (Grantors Branches)—New town—Mackynlleth Railway (Capital) —and Merthyr, Tredegar, and Abergayenny Bills were read a third time and passed. VICE-ADMIRALTY COURTS BILL. This bill was reported with amendments. THE MAIL PACKET SERVICE. Lord CHELMSFORD a - deed the Postma►ter-General whether her Majesty's Government had accepted a tenter from the Belgian Government for the conveyance of the English mals between Dover and Ostend, and whetherthey contemplated any alteral lin in the mail packet service be tween Dover and Calais; also, whether any failure in Vie performance of the existing contract between her Majesty's Government and Mr. Joseph George Churchward for the mail service between Calais and Dover respectively had occurred to renier any change necessary. The noble and learned lord gave an outline of the arrange ments between her Majesty's Government and Mr. Churchward, and said one of the contracts entered into expired in the month of June next; but in 1859 an exten sion of the contract had been - given up to the year 1870, with an increased subsidy of £lB,OOO per annum. Into the validity of that contract he would not enter; but having heard that certain alterations were to take place in the mail service, he wished for information on the subject, Lord STANLEY of ALDERLEY said he would not touch upon the preliminary observations of the noble lord, as the matter would no doubt come before one of the courts of law. With respect to the packet service between Dover and Ostend, the English Government had entered into a conditional arrangement with the Belgian Govern ment for conveying the mails at a considerably reduced rate. If Parliament voted the money for the continuance of the contract with Mr, Churchward, then that contract - would be carried on, but in the event of that not being the case, then the arrangement with the Belgian Government would come into operation. With respect to the loss that would fall upon the Belgian Government by the low rate at which they had agreed to perform the work, the Government had nothing to do with that. All they had to see to was that the service was efficiently per. formed. With respect to the mail service between Dover and Calais, a proposal had been made to convey the mails at a considerably reduced rate, and negotiations for that purpose were in progress. The arrangement is to stand in precisely the same position as in the former, viz., Par liament not finding the money to carry on the contract with Mr. Churchward. The Government had no fault to find with the manner in which the work had hitherto been performed, and it was not on that account that notice had been given to Mr. Churchward of the termination of the engagement. The discontinuance of it arose solely in con sequence of the vote of the other house of Parliament. CHARN WOOD FOREST REFORMATORY. Lord BERNERS enquired whether her Majesty's Go vernment had already, or would institute inquiries into the circumstances of the late mutinous outbreak in the Roman Catholic Reformatory in Charnwood Forest; and also into the constitution of the appointment and pay of officers of that institution, and the discipline exercised therein. Earl GRANVILLE said he could not give a reply at present, Their lordships then adjourned. ROUSE OF COMMONS--Last Evening The SPEA.KER took the chair at the usual hour. NEW MEMBER—NEW RADNOR. Mr. R. G. PRICE took the oaths and his seat, in the room of the late Sir G. C. Lewis. The Skipton Gas Bill was read a third time. The following bills wei a ordered to be read a third time : —Dublin Corporation Water; Dablin, Wicklow, and Wexford Railway ; and North Staff irdshire Railway (additional powers). _ _ MAYNOOTH. Mr. WHALLEY postponed his motion for the 19th of May to the 2d of June. SEA FISHERIES. Mr. FENWICK gave notice that on this day month he should move that an enquiry be instituted into the present state of the sea fisheries and the laws and regulations affecting them, with the view of increasing the supply of wholesome and nutritious food. (Hear, hear.) ARMY PRIZE MONEY. Col. NORTH gave notice that on the 2d of June he abould mOve that an humble address be presented to her Majesty to appoint a commission to inquire into tha distri bution of prize money in the army. :THE ATTACK ON SHON-HING. Col. SYKES asked the Secretary to the Admiralty if any and what measures were to be adopted consequent upon Captain R. Dew, of her Majesty's ship Encounter, employ ing part of the naval force under his command in an unsuc cessful attack upon the city of Shon-hing, in which Lieu tenant Tinling, of the Encounter, was killed, Shon-hing being many miles beyond the 30 mile radius from a treaty port ? Lord C. PAGET replied that as yet no official account of the disaster had reached the Admiralty. Instructions, however, had been sent out ordering that no Government ships should go beyond the 30 mile radius referred to. GREENWICH HOSPITAL. Mr. CONDI GRAM asked the Secretary of the Admiralty whether it was the intention of the Government to take im mediate steps to remedy the abuses alleged to exist in the administration of the funds of Greenwich Hos pital, and at once give practical effect to the Regis tered Seamen's Act, which gave the seamen's six pences monthly to the hospital, and also declared that the widows and orphans of seamen, slain, killed, ordrowned in the sea service, and not of ability to maintain or provide comfortably for themselves, should be received into the said hospital, or in some reasonable manner be provided for and educated ? Lord C. PAGET replied that as an hon. member (Mr. Liddell) had given notice of a similar moti n for Friday, he would rather prefer deferring his reply until that evening. POOR LAW (SCOTLAND). Mr. DALGLISH asked the Lord Advocate whether he intended to bring in. any bill to explain the existing poor law of Scotland in regard to the occasional re:ief of able bodied poor ? The LORD ADVOCATE intimated that as some doubt had arisen in the law courts of Scotland in regard to the administration of the poor law, a short act to interpret the old act would most probably be introduced during the present session, DRAWBACK ON REFINED SUGAR. Mr. MOFFATT asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer whether the interim inquiry as to the drawback on exporta tion of refined sugar was complete, and when it was pro bable the report would be laid upon the table. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said he should lose no time in making the house partakers of any information that might reach him on the subject. He un derstood the report had been completed,—it had not yet reached his hands, but he anticipated it would in a few days. PERU—CRUELTIES COMMITTED ON CAPTAIN WHITE NUTVILLE. Col. DUNNE asked the Under Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs what steps had been taken to obtain redress for the cruelties inflicted by the Peruvian Government on Captain White Nutville, a British subject. _ Mr. LAYARD replied that the case of Captain White Nutville was one of the worst he ever remembered. It appeared he was arrested on an unfounded charge. He was put into prison, and treated with the greatest barbarity ; indeed the punishment inflicted upon him was a disgrace to that country. After being in prison he was liberated on the representation of the British Consul. No. reason was given for the conduct to w hi c h Captain -Nutvi.n e was sub jected.' The matter was referred to the law officer of the C rown, and they reported that he was en titled to compensation, and £1,500 was suggested, and that stun was received from the Peruvian Government and paid to hire. (hear, hear.) It appeared, however, that Captain Nutville was dissatibfied with this sum, and actually demanded £292,174. (Much laughter.) He would mention a few of the items. " Three blows on the head with a musket £3,200." (Laughter.) " A knock down blow by a; ;soldier, £1,000." " Several bayonet prole and kicks on my aching sides, £2,000." (Laughter.) " Five days bad food, £5,C00. (Laugh ter.) " Loss of health £20,000 . " (Roars of laughter.) The Government had not deemed it right to make any ad ditional demand upon the Peruvian Government (Rear.) Both sides had agreed to refer the matter to arbitration, and no doubt a satisfactory decision would be arrived at, IRISH POOR LAW. In reply to an HON. MEMBER, Sir R. PEEL said that he expected the report of the commissioners would be presented this evening. THE PETERHOFF. Lord R. CECIL called attention to a fresh statement in the newspapers to the effect that Admiral Wilkes had de clined to permit the mail bags of the Peterhoff from being sent on. Had the Foreign-office received any intelligence upon the matter? Mr. LAYARD replied that his former answer was strictly correct. Mr. Seward had informed Lord Lyons that the mail bags should at Once be forwarded to their destination without being opened. A gentleman had come to this country to settle the matter with respect to mail bags, as no case of the kind had formerly occurred. No further information than that he had already communicated to the house had been received at the Home-office. EDUCATION. Mr. WALTER then rose to move the following resolu tions :-1. That it is the opinion of this house that the sums annually voted by Parliament for educational purposes ought to be made applicable to all the poorer schools throughout t o e country (not being private schools, or milled on 'X ii Pl° ll 4 t), in which the attendance and examination of the " 1° exhibit the results required, under the revised code, by her Majesty's Inspectors of Schools. 2. That to require the employment of certificated teacherte or of pupil teachers by school managers, as an indispensable condition of their participation in the capitation grant, is inexpedient awl unjust to the managers of such schools. In doing so ho detailed the circumstances in which the revised code had its origin, and argued th,t no tone believed that it could re setein es it now etood. The educational entimate for the present year amounted in round numbers to £BOO,OOO, and the number of children who were directly or indirectly be. nefited by the grant amounted to about 1,000,000. From that it appeared that the education of each child cost the country 165., and he contended that for the purpose the sum was preposterous and enormous. The capitation grant was divided into two parts ; there was a grant for attendance and a grant for examination. He was one of those who did not attach much much importance to a certificate, but for the sake of peace he was willing to make a c mcession in favour of " vested interests." When the Government wished to have finger in the pie they got a report to prove that the system of education ex'sting at the time was rot ten from beginning to end. Sir James K. Shuttleworth was the principal inventor of this great discovery, and after searching the C ntinent, especially Switzerland, the system of training -colleges was established. This Government machinery was established between the years 1839 en 1 1816, and augmentation grants were made. After all, it was discovered that the cumbrous system had not proved satisfactory, and then his right honourable friend framed the revised code, the object of which was to make payments for results. It was impor tant to take a glance at what was going on in the educational world. They had mechanics' institutes which were all bankrupt; he was heartily sick of them. They had also the Society of Arts, which required looking after. There was also a College of Preceptors —not teachers, or school masters, but preceptors. (A laugh.) He was at a loss to understand why such varied attainments should be requires on the part of persons for teaching little children up to 12 years of age reading, writing, and ciphering, and learn ing how to behave themselves. The system of certi ficated masters and that of pupil teachers he con sidered objectionable. He knew teachers who would rather give up their schools than be compelled to take pupil teachers. In a school of which he had himself the charge, he was desirous of procuring a married teacher. One well-qualified teacher had applied to him, but as the man was unmarried the negotiation soon came to an end. Afterwards a teacher left a much better school to come to him, and why? solely because the man wished to get rid of the nuisance of pupil teachers. (Hear.) The certificate was regarded at the Education Department as the mightiest in strument of regeneration; it was supposed to make new creatures of the teachers after 12 months' training. Another thing which his right hon, friend wished to do was to create a body of teachers complete and applicable to the wants of all the rural schools. These were persons from 18 to 25 years of age, but everybody who knew anything about bringing up young people would be aware that this class of teachers was not the one best adapted for the purpose. The Government had no ground for saying that they required an additional test for determining the progress of children at school, for there was no difficulty in ascertaining the fact by the simple method of individual examination,which was now the rule of those schools. The hon. gentleman read extracts from the ungarbled reports of certain inspectors in support of his views, and disapproving of the pupil system. Those reports showed that the elementary branches of edu cation were not well attended to, nor the mechanical part well done; and further, that highly trained masters and mistresses were unsuited for country village schools. He next read several passages from letters he had received from various country clergymen who were managers of schools, condemnatory of the system of certificated masters and mistresses. It often happened that the children whe attended the schools of certificated masters were ineffi cient, in comparison with inferior schools, in what it was most essential that children should be taught. The cer tificate was no guarantee for the excellence of the master; for where they were gold for their work they were gene rally above it, and were ambitious to become parsons. To show the abuse of the system, the hon. gentleman read extracts from letters showing that certificated masters were used with advantage in those schools where the cler gyman took private scholars ; and referred to the extrava gance of giving money where it was not wanted, in order to bring the schools under inspection. He was opposed to the subsidising of private schools conducted for profit, and ex pressed his opinion that they would ultimately be extin guished by the national schools. Ragged schools, he con sidered, ought to be assisted from the public purse if they complied with the required test, He concluded by moving the resolution. Mr. BUXTON hoped the house would observe that there was nothing in the motion of his hon. friend which indicated that the system of giving certificates upon exami nation to teachers should be done away, or even in the least degree weakened. Neither his hon. friend nor himself had any wish at all to place the schools under non-certifi cated teachers upon the same level as those whose teachers were certificated. On the contrary, he thought it would be rash to make so radical a change in that. What they thought was that, under certain conditions, all schools; for the working class should be open to inspection—that for each child who was actually found proficient in reading, writing, and arithmetic, the managers should receive that portion of the grant which was to be based on such pro ciency, but that the attendance grant should still be con fined to schools under certificated teachers. Then came the question whether they would not be ruining that mighty educational organisation which had been erected with so much labour and expense during the last years. The pro posed modification would leave it untouched. There would still be certificated teachers--and as to expense, the only increase which the change would entail would be at the outside £200,000 a year. They should, however, bear in mind this striking palpable fact, that, although the so-called national system had now been at work for a great number of years, schools containing 600,000 children of the working class were debarred from connection with it. An effort should be made to bring those schools in connection with the system, and he believed that the change proposed would have that effect. It would not endanger their educational system ; it would not involve the country in extravagant expense; and in the long run would spread, the benefits of a sound education over a far wider space. and would invigorate the schools in which it already existed. (Hear, hear.) Mr. LOWE said he was unable to reconcile the resolu tions proposed with the speeches that had been made by the mover and seconder of them. One did not conform to the other as they ought, and it was impossible for him to under stand what it was that was really wanted. The construction to be placed upon the first of these resolutions was, that not only schools where the attendance, followed by examina tion, was sufficient to entitle them to a grant of public money, although they did not employ a certificated master, but schools which did not comply with a single rule laid down by the revised code would be entitled to a grant. If they were to debate the question for hours, it was impos sible they could pass such a proposition. As for the second resolution,its adoption would actually amount to the holding out of a premium to schools not to be decent, not to be well managed. He was perfectly satisfied that, if they were to make the concession demanded that evening, they would have to give up the certificated masters altogether, The examination was a thing to be borne down by pressure. It required all the support that could be given to it. Above I all, it required good teaching. He should despair of being able to maintain the standard of examination if they broke down the standard of teaching. The objection to this pro posal was that the Government should have to make a grant to any school where it had not tested the capacity of the teacher. In 1853 the present system was introduced, and under it no one was admitted to be a master of a school who had not received a certificate of qualification, and that certi ficate was only gven upon examination. He thought there was no reason to regret the present system. People might differ as to the advantage of grants in aid; but there could be no doubt as to the benefit conferred upon schools by giving them really efficient teachers. Of £6,700,000 which had been spent upon education since the year 1853, no less than £5,000,000 had been spent upon this very ob ject of raising the character of the teachers. According to the second resolution, th ey would be at liberty, indeed, to train these teachers ; but then the public need not have the advantage of them. His hon. friend told them that if a school dispensed with a certificated master they might im pose a penalty upon it. Still they might dispense with the penalty as well. Had they been wrong in what they had done ? They had 8,123 schools, and 9,115 masters ; and he ventured to say that there was not a single school in which cleanliness, decency, order, and discipline were not enforced —not one of them whereof the master was not perfectly able to afford the instruction required. As a cl ass , t h e cer tificated teachers were a highly meritorious and useful b o d y, although there might be much to regret in the conduct of many of them, and although it was perfectly true that th e training colleges were pitched far too high originally. But his hon. friend had not given himself the trouble to inquire into the alterations w hi c h had been since introduced. No tdou bt hei r positionmany oof these m on s c e e l i v t e e s d, su b d u d t en l l e y t residences s Y id mi er n fd. P placed at the head of large establishments, with w T P o le fi w nd er t e he c aennoduglah to maze la-ge msalaerieths,em mad and such imvanpoitry. (Hear,tantfuncC hear.) ons I , was t was ridiculous to found arguments upon an exceptional state of things. What was the object of the revised code ? When he came into office he found that the quality of the teaching was e xce ll ent, and that the £5,000,000 spent had borne good f ru it . But then came the report of the Royal Commission, an d while it agreed in general as to the quality of the teaching, it pointed out that it was deficient in quantity. Well, they set themselves to remedy that evil, and the result was the revised code. They saw that it was necessary to abolish the appropriation fund, and that it should no longer be distributed amongst the masters as a matter of course ; they therefore took the grant away from the masters, leaving the certificate on the num ber of children who passed their examination. On the other hand, they retained the whole machinery of certificated teachers, pupil teachers, inspectors, religious teaching ; let ting go no security which they had already, they added a security with r,spect to the quantity of the teaching. Well, was it the logical inference from that that they should abandon all care as to the qualifications of the teachers ? They had established two classes of teachers—the first class, entrusted with the charge of pupil teachers alone, must have passed a very good examination ; the second class comprised what may be considered es the legal bearings of the Polish question, and the second to the expedi ency of reestablishing peace in Poland on a durable basis. In regard to its legal obligations, the Rus sian Minister boasts his Government can thoroughly vindicate its conduct. It would indeed be strange if the provisions of the most elastic of all treaties could not be demonstrated by a shrewd diplomatist to have been scrupulously fulfilled, and accordingly Prince Gortschakoff experiences no difficulty in showing that, in its conduct towards Poland, Rus sia adopted the course prescribed by the Treaty of Vienna. He corrects the mistake into which he alleges Earl Russell fell when he stated in his despatch that it was provided by that treaty that the Duchy of Varsovia should be converted into a Polish kingdom and joined to the Russian Empire under certain conditions. On the contrary, as the Russian Ministe e points out, it was merely provided that the subjects of Russian, Austrian, and Prussian Poland respectively should obtain " a representation and national institutions regulated aft er th e mo d e of political existence which each of the Govern ments to which they appertained should judge it convenient to accord to them." If, therefore, Rus sian Poles were submitted to a purely military despotism, and Prussian Poles were permitted to enjoy a constitutional form of government, both Russia and Prussia might with equal truth maintain that they had observed the letter and the spirit of the engagement into which they had entered. Each of the dominant Powers was to be the sole judge of the nature of the government to be granted to its Polish subjects ; and with the government so granted, whether despotic or liberal, Poland, accord ing to the terms of the Treaty of Vienna, should remain content. This is not the first time we have beard this interpretation of that celebrated treaty ; but however specious it is, we cannot help wonder ing why the contracting Powers should have taken so much trouble to impose obligations which, re garded from this point of view, are perfectly nuga tory. In accordance with the provision of the Treaty of Vienna, Prince Gortschakoff goes on to say the Emperor Alexander I. gave a constitution to Poland at the close of the year 1815, but this act was purely spontaneous on his part, and, so far from constituting an irrevocable engagement to wards the foreign Powers, was, in fact, never com municated to them. The withdrawal of this con stitution at a subsequent period has always been made a just cause of reproach against the Russian Government; it is, however, justified by Prince Gortschakoff with a speciousness entirely his own. The revolt of 1830 had the effect of annul ling the constitution granted in conformity with the Treaty of Vienna, and when in that year the Russian Government succeeded in re-esta blishing its supremacy in Poland, it was by the virtue, as it were, of reconquest entirely absolved from ail precedent obligations. "If a revolt does not invalidate international engagements, it at least annuls the spontaneous developments which a generous idea had given to them, and which have had so fatal an issue for Poland and for Russia." To prolong a discussion upon this point would, in Prince Gortschakoff's opinion, be an idle waste of time. We candidly confess that we are of a similar way of thinking. It is, however, that portion of Prince Gortschakoff's despatch which refers to the future which will be read with the greatest interest. It is the object of the Czar, we are assured, as it is the desire of her Majesty's Government, that a prac tical solution of the Polish question should be ar rived at. The only difference of opinion which exists between the two Cabinets is due to the obstinacy with which the English Government continue to maintain that a restoration of the constitution of 1815 would give peace to Poland. The English Government are reminded that nations must pro ceed gradually across the broad confines which separate despotism from constitutionalism, and that each State ought, in its progress across this danger ous ground, to pursue its own instincts rather than obey the dictates of any other nation, however well disposed or solicitous for its welfare. In a word, the Poles must receive those political rights for which they are now shedding their blood by small instal ments. There seems at the Russian Court to be a conviction that foreign States misapprehend the real nature of Polish institutions. They are, in truth, most liberal, although distance and " the chimerical passions of a hostile party" have prevented stran gers from appreciating them at their proper worth. The system inaugurated by the present Emperor contains " a germ which time and experience must develope." It will one day end in becoming " a species of self-government, established on the basis of provincial and municipal institutions which have in England secured the greatness and prosperity of that country." In other words, Poland already possesses institutions which, in process of time, must secure her political regenera tion. This sounds very much as if the Government of Russia intended doing nothing further. If this be so, we fear that the notes of the three Powers have been written in vain, and that Polish indepen dence must be achieved, if ever, at the point of the sword. DAILY NEWS.—Occurrences like those which occupied the Cambridge Borough Magistrates cn Monday, and were reported yesterday in our columns, abate largely the confidence and compla cency with which we are disposed to estimate the progress of society in enlightenment and virtue. I is humiliating to learn that in the most liberal o our national Universities young men are to be found who can take pleasure in attending the services of a humble and peaceful congregation for no other purpose than that of mocking their solemnities and interrupting their worship. It sometimes happens that a miscellaneous crowd is drawn to a place of worship by the fame of novelties in the service, or eccentricities in the preacher, and slight disorder under such circumstances is accounted for, if not excused. But the young men who have been in the habit of annoying the Union-road congregation for some weeks past by smoking pipes in the chapel, and derisive laughter, appear to have had no other wish to gratify than that of showing their contempt for a form of religion different from their own. The mildness and forbearance with which they were at first treated seems only to have increased their in solence, and last Sunday it was necessary to give one of the offenders into the charge of the police on a . charge of disord er l y conduct. The police were resisted and assaulted, the names of seven under graduates being giv en w h o were present an d ta ki ng part in the disgraceful scene. Two of the young men, undergraduates of Pembroke College, are now undergoing a sent ence o f a wee k' s i mpr i sonmen t f or their share in the disturbance. The Magistrates had . a most pai n f u l d u t y t o p er f or m i n i n fli ct i ng thi s punishment, but they would have been utterly un worthy of their trust had they shrunk from it. It would have been creditable to the University had these excesses of some of its youthful members been checked by its disciplinary action, but probably there were reasons for the omission with which the public are unacquainted. It seems that we must wait a little longer before outrages like these are restrained or prevented by the prevalence of a strong and sound public opinion among the undergra duates. The Distress in the Cotton Manufacturing Districts. IRE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, MAY 6, 1863. those who had not been in a training college, but who were capable of standing an examination ill reading; writing, and geographye- jttet the Very class of whom country clergy men Stood so much in need. Well, the grievance was that they would not give the giant to schools taught by teachers who would not submit themselves to be examined, who were either too ignorant, too wayward, too conceited, or too timid to do so. (Hear.) But they refused to trust the youth of the country in the hands of persons of whom they knew nothing except that they were unwilling to pass an examination in the very elements of learning. In the next place, as to the number of the schools with la spect to which their text was applicable. It had been stated authoritatively that more than 15,000 schools were excluded from the grant. Well, at a future date he would undertake to prove that the figures from which that deduction was made were utterly unreliable, and that the compilers of those statistics were in entire ignorance of the real number of the unassisted schools. It must be quite obvious that the present proposal would have the effect of destroying the training colleg s. Now, if that was to be done, let it be done openly and decidedly, and not through the instrumentality of a casual alteration in the system. The system of the revised code was yet untried ; still, he had great confidence in its success. But not only was it untried, but it had been shorn of its original vigour. They had to give up the system of group ing by age, and they had to weaken the examination test. And there was this point a'so, to which the attention of his hon. friend had not been called. Very many duties were cast upon the schoolmaster. He had to keep a record as to his school, end a registry of the number of attendants that entitled him to receive the capitation grant for his school. He had the arrangement of the children for examination, and he might pack them by placing them in the wrong classes. Well, then, was it too much to require that, as much as possible should be known as to th integri'y and intelligence of a person so placed ? They had the means of acquiring that knowledge now, and they had something like a hold over the masters; but rob them of those facilities, and they would be paying away the public money upon the faith of men whose previous history they might be en tirely unacquainted with. Let them abolish the test and consider how many inspectors it would be necessary to keep going upon errands round the country. He confessed he might have some hesitation in adhering so strictly to the rule with respect to certificated masters, if the interior class of teachers had not been introduced. But every one whom he had consulted had admitted that the certificated teachers were the corner-stone of the existing system; and hat if they flung them away they would be upholding a worse system than even that from which they had emerged. With regard to pupil teachers, it was the duty of the Government to provide them with efficient teachers. The educated schoolmaster was also of great assistance to the clergyman. The children who frequented the sch of had never before come in contact with a man so cultivated as the teacher. They could not depend for his efficiencyon the managers, who might have chosen a teacher without knowing anything of his qualifications; they could not depend on the inspection, for it often only lasted a few hours ; the only thing they could depend upon was the test of examination, and ho trusted the house would maintain it. (Hear.) Let them consider the impression which an effi cient schoolmaster was capable of producing upon the young and plastic minds of children; and they should be careful that the man to whom they entrusted so much should come up to the standard which they wished them to attain. They would not trust a man to cut a diamond who had no skill in cutting diamonds; and yet the children of the country were worth many diamonds. (Cheers.) They also owed it to the public that they should not only do their best, but influence them as far as they could in the right direction by precept and example. These were the grounds on which he trusted the house would not ask the Privy Council to give up the certificate, which was the only means by which they could judge of the efficiency of a teacher. This was too important a matter to be bartered away for a few shillings. If it was not to be maintained as it now was, let it to be altogether abandoned, and let them revert to the old state of things. They had provided 3,000 more schools than ex•• isted in 1859, while there were also 27,000 more children in attendance at school. The expenditure last year was c nly £770,060, and for this year the estimate would be £804,000 ; but, according to the calculation of Sir T. Shut tleworth, if the expenditure were to be regulated by the in crease, it would amount to upwards of £1,200,000. For all these reasons he trusted the house would not substitute for the new system, which was yet untried, but which, as far as they had gone was working well—that they would not substi tute for it one which could not yield the same substantial returns. (Cheers.) Mr. DUTTON said that anybody who knew anything of schools must be aware that the difficulty was not in getting the school built ; and it always struck him as the greatest blot upon their system of education that the Privy Council gave no aid towards the great expenses in rural districts, where the master or mistress were not certificated; and if the hon. gentleman divided upon that point, he would go into the lobby with him. Mr. F. POWELL differed from the hon. gentleman who introduced the motion that there was any over-education in the country. It seemed to him that the hon. member for Berkshire took a one sided view of the system. He regarded the question from an agricultural point of view, having the rural schools present to his mind, whilst disregarding the schools in towns. Something had been said about the aver sion to pupil teachers ; but he trusted the day would never come when masters would be unwilling to give instruction to, and receive assistance from, pupil teachers. The hon. gentleman quoted a speech from a report to show that it was no part of the Liberalism of France to give schools to inef ficient teachers. He thought the experiment of testing by results should be allowed a fair trial ; but the could not ap ply the system of testing by results to reading, writing, and arithmetic, as such a test could only be obtained from the future career of the pupils. M. SALT thought it very undesirable that any change should be made in the new system until it was fairly tried. He did not now say whether the new code was good or bad, but, as a manager of a school, he felt it was his duty to carry out the system sanctioned by Parliament. What they were doing now was experimental. They would know more and more by-and-by, and the language of the managers of schools should be, " Let us alone until we see how the new system works." Mr. ADDE RLEY said he gave credit for perfect sincerity to the mover of the resolutions, but he could not altogether follow the hon. gentleman who seconded the motion. He thought the aim and object of all public grants should be the improvement of the previous system of education. There were hitherto three tests established to entitle a zehool to a grant; first, that elementary instruction should in every case be given and received ; secondly, the test of inspection both as to the state of the school and the attendance and general competition; and thinly, that the schools should be under certificated masters. The hon. member for Berk shire (Mr. Walter) now proposed to do away with the last two of those tests within twelve months, and to open the public treasury to all those schools which fulfilled the firs condition. It was true the hon. gentleman had somewhat modified that view in his speech, so that those schools should only be entitled to a portion of grant ; but he thought when dealing with public money ) it would always be found very dangerous to make any exceptions to the general rule once established. (Hear.) The result was generally found to be that after a short time the exception became the rule, He was disposed to apply the grant to cchools for the poor, . , but not to poor schools. The hon. gentleman asked that the poor schools might be admitted to a participation in the public grant upon answering the tests of attendance and examination. But he wished to ask, were those schools ex cluded now ? Certainly not. Those schools might obtain the grant if they chose, but they would not. The first obstacle was pride, and the second was the reluctance to submit to the examination of the Government inspector. He had had numbers of applications to contribute to schools, but when he had offered to do so on condition that there should be a Government inspection, his offers had been regularly refused. The hon. gentleman also objected to the money spent upon certificated schools. The hon. gentleman concluded by moving, as an amendment, to leave out after " applicable," and insert "to schools only of the working classes, but to all of them alike, in the way of proportionate aid to voluntary support; subject to the favourable report of the inspector, and to tests of at least elementary instruction being given in them by teachers in all respects qualified." Mr. HENLEY said he had heard a very good speech from his right hon. friend opposite (Mr. Lowe), but it was obvious that that speech would have applied to the state of things three or four years ago, but not now. He would, however, vote for the resolutions of the hon. gentleman (Mr. Walter), because he believed they would be for the advantage of schools spread over a considerable area of . _ country which had been taxed for the last 16 or 17 year; without showing any sign of discontent. He could not _ _ support the propositions of the right hon. gentleman oppo site (Mr. Lowe), because he did not believe they would do any good to the great number of village schools. He espe cially disapproved of that portion which provided that a school of perhaps 30 children should be left to the care of a pupil teacher of from 20 to 25 years of age, probably with no mother or other relative residing near her. The lower ing of the certificate would effectually pull the quality of the schools down to a lower state than previous speakers ima gined. They were going to increase the schools in number and lower them in quality, which he thought bad policy. All schools containing any considerable number of pupils would for their own sakes prefer having trained to untrained masters and mistresses. He cautioned the house against adopting a system that would reduce the schools to a very low state indeed. Two things were necessary, viz., that Education should be based on religious training; and se- condly, that the system should be made more elastic, s• - as to take in the large number of outsiders—the ragged schools and the Arab population—and not allow them to go whole sale to a place that must not be named—(hear)—without holding a helping hand out to them. (Hear, hear.) Mr. PULLER was of opinion that it was better to meet the resolutions proposed by the hon. member for Berk shire with a direct negative than by the amendment pro posed by the right hon, gentleman the member for North Staffordshire. The resolutions, if adopted, would mate rially affect the management of the schools, and if they de- Parted from their present system and relaxed their check and control over it, the G overnmen t wou ld soon h ave i n their hands the 'whole expense and control of the education of the country, Sir S. NOWTHCOTE said he did not understand that the hon. member for Berkshire wished to get rid of the three conditions that were necessary for obtaining the Go vernment grant—viz., a high state of education, G vern meat inspection, and premium to certified masters—but rather that the Government grants should produce certain results in the improvement of education, and that the schools should be stimulated by the visits of the inspectors and put themselves in a way of further improvement. There was a large number of the small country schools, and those main tained in towns for the poorer classes, that were unable to take advantage of the Government grants; and so long as that was the case, their system was standing on an unsound foun dation, and a remedy must be provided at no dis tant day. The proposed mode, by lowering the class of cer tificated masters, he thought objectionable. The system of certificated masters, and the training of pupil teachers, was an important branch of the education of the country, and, instead of lowering it, he considered it would be better to make some provision for that class of schools which was at present excluded from any participation in the public grant. He suggested the withdrawal of the first resolution, the carrying of which would unnecessarily embarrass the Go vernment, and take the division on the second resolution in regard to the inexpediency of requiring certificated teachers to be employed in all cases. Sir M. FARQUHAR pronounced himself as highly favourable to the second resolution of the hon. member, Mr. WALTER declared he was ready to withdraw the first resolution, and allow the division to b 3 taken on the second, which embraced the main question at stake. Mr ADDERLEY having also withdrawn his amendment, The house divided on the second resolution— Ayes Noes Majority against the resolution ---• 35 THE ACT OF UNIFORMITY. Mr. BOUVERIE moved that the house should go into committee to enable him to amend the Act of Uniformity. His object was to amend a portion of the act which was comparatively unnoticed and obscure, and to repeal the Bth section, which made it incumbent on deans, canons, pre bends, professors, masters of colleges, and all fellows, to make a declaration of conformity to the Liturgy of the Church previous to their admission to appointments or fel lowships. In 1860 the senior wrangler was Mr. Stirling, a Scotsman, and although that gentleman took one of the most distinguished degrees ever known at Cambridge, he was unable to hold a fellowship at his college, because, being a member of the Free Church of Scotland, he could not make the declaration of conformity respecting the Liturgy of the Church of England. Mr. WALPOLE said, as he understood his right hon. friend to confine his motion to one specific question, he would simply address himself to that question. The motion was to repeal so much of the Act of Uniformity as made it necessary to subscribe a declaration of conformity to the Church of England before one could become a fellow of the University of Cambridge. Let them see what the conse quence would be in practice of assenting to the motion. A proposition has been made in that house by Mr. Heywood; it was proposed in two forms—one was that no declaration should be required for the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and the second was that there should be no declaration for Master of Arts. The first proposition had been carried by a large majority, and when the second was about to be put, he (Mr. 'Walpole) pointed out that it would be necessary to reconsider the first; and for this reason—that there were two principles involved. The principle involved in the first proposition was that the university should be open for the purpose of education to all the subjects of the Queen ; but the principle of the second was that the Government of the collegues and their endowment might be acquired by those who were not members of the Church of England. He asked whether the house had not again recorded its decision in 1856, when the right hon. gentleman himself had charge of the University Bill, and when a clause was proposed for the admission of Dissenters. Seeing that the house had thus solemnly recorded its opinion upon two occasions, he hoped it would not reverse it without very strong reasons. Mr. P. URQUHART said, if ever there was a proposi tion that would be for the advantage of the universities, it was that of the right hon. gentleman behind him (Mr. Bouverie). Lord STANLEY said the proposition of 1856 was dif• ferent from the present; and, looking at the circumstances of the case, he believed the house exercised a wise discretion in rejecting that proposition. The character and constitu tion of the colleges would not be affected if the motion be- fore the home was carried, and he should give it his support There was a growing opinion among the younger member. of the colleges that some such change as that now con. templated was inevitable. (Hear, hear.) . Sir W. HEATHCOTE hoped the house would pause before they did anything that was likely to overthrow the decision of 1854 and 1856. Mr. DUFF supported the motion. Lord R, CECIL condemned the proposition, and hoped the house would not assimilate the English to the German universities. The noble lord concluded by moving the adjournment of the debate, in order to allow of members expressing an opinion with respect to the bill. Lord PALMERSTON said that his right hon. friend in taking this subject up, had given a notice so vague that he had conveyed no intimation of the particular motion which he intended to found upon it. No doubt the motion was of considerable importance, and it would have been fairer to the house if his right hon. friend had stated the particular object that he had in view. (Hear, hear.) The present stage, however, of the motion was equivalent to moving for leave to bring in a bill ; but, inasmuch as the bill was con stituted of very little detail, and might be said rather to involve a principle, it might be competent for the house, at the first blush, to form an opinion with respect to it. At the same time the question was ono with regard to which parties of that house were entitled to full time for conside ration, and upon that ground he should not be indisposed to vote for going into committee in order to allow of the bill being introduced. He confessed, however, the question raised required very grave consideration; and he must not be understood as expressing any opinion in favour of the bill by voting for going into committeee. Lord R. CECIL then withdrew his motion for the adjournment of the debate. The house divided. For going into committee Against Majority -22 The house then went into committee. The resolution was agreed to, and leave was given to bring in the bill. The 3d of June was fixed for the second reading. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, TIMES.-.-To the Note of the l3ritish Government on the affairs of Poland an answer has been returned which neither in substance nor in tone is quite sa tisfactory. The Court of St. Petersburg seems hardly to appreciate the magnitude of the question and the earnestness with which the three Powers have made their common representations. Seldom has there been a more impressive political event in Europe than the despatch by three Governments so different in their constitution and their traditions as those of England, France, and Austria, of Notes protesting, in studied and forcible language against the rule to which the Polish kingdous is now sub jected. It could be no slight impulse, no pessiug fancy, no Parliamentary or revolutionary bias, which could bring the old Conservative Throne of Vienna, the military Monarchy of Paris, and the moderate Government of our own country into con junction, and this with the full support of the re spective notions. So far, indeed, as the public opinion of the world is concerned, Russia has re csived a " Note" from every community which his heard of her recent proceedings in Poland, Not only the three Powers, but the people or Germany, jea lous as they are of the Poles, the people of Italy, of Spain, of Sweden, and of the lesser States, have joined zealously in the demand which has been officially tnede by the leading Powers. Even the Royal authority, and the sense of having, to some degree, a common cause with Russia, have been un able to prevent the Prussian people from manifest ing, in a way not to be mistaken, their sympathy with the rebellion. In such a case it would, we think, become Prince Gortschakoff to reflect on the unanimity of the censure which has fallen upon his master's Government, and to endeavour to propi tiate so widespread a public opinion by language which should give hope of an altered policy. Of such a change there is little appearance in the reply to the English Note, which we publish else where. Not that Prince Gortschakoff is discourteous or defiant, or that he fails to declare his Govern ment to be animated by the best feelings towards England, by the strongest desire to carry out treaties, and by paternal care of the Poles themselves. The formulas of diplomacy are not likely to be disre garded by a Russian Minister. But there is con spicuous in the reply a belief that the Western Powers will never seriously interfere with anything that passes within the Russian frontier, that Poland will be left to stand or fall according to her own strength, and that, consequently, an independent and somewhat haughty tone may be used towards those who have affected to lecture the Russian Government on the reform of its ways. The first question to which Prince Gortschakoff addresses himself is the value of the stipulation which was made on behalf of Poland at the Congress of 1815. He seems to consider the loose terms in which the stipulation was framed as leaving everything to the judgment and grace of the Sovereign, and as not binding him to any special form of constitution. " Poles, subjects of Russia, Austria, and Prussia re spectively, shall enjoy representation, and shall ob tain national institutions, to be determined in con formity with the political existence which each of the Governments to which they belong shall con sider it useful and expedient to grant to them." All the world knows how Alexander I. and his succes sor Nicholas understood these words. The first gave a constitution, the second took it away. Within a few mouths after the signature of the Vienna Treaties, Alexander conferred upon his new subjects institutions which in sound were liberal as any that could be expected from a military Em peror, or worked with advantage by a continental people. There was a Diet elected for two years, and composed of a Senate for life and a representa tive body; there were a separate responsible Mini stry and a national army of 50,000 men commanded by a Viceroy, and not liable to serve beyond the borders of the kingdom. Finally, the freedom of the press was guaranteed and a criticism on the acts of the Government permitted, unless it took the ; orm of attacks on the Imperial person or family. How this fair constitutional edifice was over thrown, how Russian martinets on the one side, and Polish agitators on the other, made the Government every year more diffi cult to maintain, how the fatal rebellion of 1831 broke out, and ended in the sweeping away by Nicholas of all that Alexander had erected, forms the most melancholy history of this century. The suggestion, if not the demand, of the three Powers is that the Constitution of 1815 shall be re-esta blished, England, France, and Austria were parties to the Treaty by which the Poles were guaranteed " representation" and " national institutions." Let, then, they say, the representation and the national institutions which Alexander I. gave be now re stored to the Poles. But Prince Gortschakoff's answer shows that no such concession is to be ex pected from the present Sovereign. While admit ting that Alexander I. did actually give a Consti tution in pursuance of the stipulation in the Treaty, he yet maintains that to confer that precise form of institutions was not at all compulsory upon him, and that now the Treaty of Vienna would be amply satisfied by the establishment of mere municipal bodies, since these would constitute a "repre sentation" and answer the description of national institutions. "The Emperor Alexander," he says, developed these principles in accordance with his personal views. Ho granted to Poland the Con stitution of the 12th (24th) December, 1815. It was a spontaneous act of his sovereign will ; and it did not constitute an irrevocable engagement to wards foreign Powers, inasmuch as the Act of the Constitution, posterior to the Treaty of Vienna, was not even communicated to them." Prince Gortschakoff intimates that the Constitution spon taneously given was abrogated by conquest in 1831. "We think it may be laid down," he says, " that if the revolt does not invalidate these national engagements, it, at any rate, annuls the sponta neous development of them which had been gene rously added, and which has led to fatal resuits both to Poland and Russia." Further on he shows how the present Emperor understands the Article of the Treaty of Vienna by speaking of a " germ which time and experience must deve lope, ' and an administrative autonomy on the basis of the provincial and municipal institutions." So much for the approach to constitutionalism which the Czar is willing to make. As to the rebellion itself Prince Gortschakoff has but one idea —that there is a party of disorder which will not allow the peaceable majority of the kingdom to enter on the path of regular progress, and that there is a continua; conspiracy, organised and armed abroad, to keep up disturbances. How far this is true we shall not discuss. But it may be said that it is strange refugees abroad should be able to vex a contented country, that a minority should be able to overcome the loyalty of a peaceful majority, These are the charges always made by Sovereigns whose subjects are alienated from them ; but the conclusion of impartial lookers-on is, that where there is real and enduring insurrection there must be real and general discontent. Lord Russell, in his despatch of April 24th, on the subject of the amnesty, and the p rom i se of "maintaini ng th e in stitutions of the country in all their integrity," says, This promise can hardly be satisfactory to the Poles ; for, with regard to the institutions already given, it was during their existence that 2,000 young men were seized arbitrarily in the night. So that it is evident no security would be obtained by submitting again to the same laws. With those in stitutions in full force and vigour, innocent men might be imprisoned as criminals, or condemned to serve as soldiers, or banished to distant countries, without a trial, without publicity, without any guarantee whatever." This is, indeed, the best answer to the declarations of Prince Gortschakoff concerning his master's excellent principles of government, and the contentment they have diffused among the majority of Poles. Was the seizure of the conscripts a fact ? If so, how is it consistent with such free government as may reasonably satisfy the parties to the Treaty of Vienna ? Are the people of Poland satisfied ? It so, how has a rebellion raged for three months throughout the country, and how does it go on in spite of all the means which a great military Empire can use to crush it ? The answer of Prince Gortschakoff seems to us to suit neither the facts of the case nor the temper in which the combined Powers have spoken. PosT.--We publish elsewhere the text of the re plies given by the Russian Government to the notes respectively addressed to it on the subject of Poland by the Cabinets of London and Paris. Their careful perusal, however, does not in any respect lead us to alter the opinion expressed on the receipt of the summary of their contents a few days since. The Government of the Czar accords the most favour able reception to the observations of the two Powers, and in the answer to the French note it is even stated that the views expressed by the Emperor of the French accord entirely with those of the Em peror of All the Russian. At St. Petersburg, as at Paris and in London, every one deplores the sad condition of Poland, and there, as in the two latter places, the authorities are only too anxious that measures should be taken which should prevent the recurrence of scenes which are admitted to be out rages on humanity. But the means by which the happy consummation so much desired by all is to be accomplished are only dimly shadowed forth; and, whilst admitting the obligations to do something in the interests of the peace of Europe, the Russian Government is careful to avoid defining what those obligations are. The replies to England and France are eminently conciliatory, but practical men would notwithstanding be inclined to treat them as ex tremely unsatisfactory. In his despatch to the Rus sian Ambassador at the English Court Prince Gort schakoff examines in detail the despatch recently transmitted to St. Petersburg by Earl Russell. He subdivides itinto two portions; the first relating to The weekly meeting of the Central Executive Relief Committee was held yesterday—Sir J. P. Kay Shuttle worth, Bart ,in the chair. The following members were also present :—The Mayor of Manchester, Major Egerton Leigh, Messrs. T. Ashton, G. L. Ashworth, Joseph Fenton, Robert Hutchison, Hugh Mason, R. M'Clure, J. Platt, W. Rathbone, jun. ; M. Ross, S. J. Stern, J. Worrall, H. B. Farnall, A. H. Heywood, treasurer; and J. W. Mac lure, hon. secretary. The following report, for the month ending April 25, was presented by the hon. Secretary : " The numbers relieved by the boards of guardians steadily decreased during the first three weeks of the month of April. The returns for the last week show an equally fa vourable result. In my last report I expressed an opinion that during the month of April there would be a consider able increase of employment. The returns show an in. crease of 33,816 operatives fully employed, and of 1,300 working four or five days ; while the number out of employment is 24,954 less than in the month of March. In consequence of this improvement in the trade of the district, together with the desire so extensively felt to afford outdoor employment, the number of persons re lieved by the local committees has undergone a most im portant reduction, and a reference to the tables will show that the number of persons relieved is 42,622 less than in March of those who were dependent entirely on the relief committees, and 18,345 of those whose relief from the boards of guardians were supplemented by the com • mittecs. From this cause the :monthly expenditure of the local committees has been reduced to £89,343, belt. g £14,744 less than in March. Although, when it is remem bered that there are still 294,904 persons in receipt of relie from the committees, this expenditure may be considered anything but excessive, yet there aro districts which have considerably exceeded the scale recommended by the Cen tral Committee, and I have therefore prepared a table, showing the rate of relief given by each of the 170 com mittees with whom we are now in communication. This will enable the Committee to equalise their grants to the various districts, and possibly effect some further re duction therein. Although in many districts the local committees have carried out the suggestions of the Central Executive, as to the necessity of pro viding employment in return for relief, the tables show reduction in the numbers employed by the committees. This may be accounted for by the largely increased amount of regular work in the district generally. The course adopted by the Government, leading to the hope that they are prepared to afford facilities for carrying out large public works, so entirely harmonises with the views of the Executive, as expressed in their report presented to the General Committee last Monday, that I shall not make any further remarks on this subject." The o=l= l 7 of return. from local cormittoo4 for the HOLYHEAD HARBOUR. Colonel DUNNE moved for a select committee to quire into the state of Holyhead Harbour, with a view to ascertain the best method to afford safe and efficient accom modation for the vessels engaged in the Irish mail service, at.d for the passengers conveyed by them. Mr, LEFROY seconded the motion. Mr. GIBSON suggested that the house should wait until the correspondence on the subject had been presented and which would be ready in a day or two. Mr. HERBERT censured the Government very strongly for not having kept their part of the contract with the steamboat company the last eight years. He should sup port the motion. Lord NAAS said there ought never to have been any correspondence to wait for, and the blame for the delays that occurred was entirely due to the Government. After some further discussion, the debate was adjourned on a division by 40 to 35. On the motion of Mr. F. PEEL, leave was given to in troduce a bill to enable landed proprietors to construct works for drainage and improvement of land in Ireland. On the motion of Mr. CAIRD, leave was given to intro duce a bill to enlarge the sheriffs' small debt jurisdiction in Scotland. VOLUNTEER ACTS AMENDMENT. The Marquis of lIARTINGTON obtained leave to in troduce a bill to consolidate and amend the laws relating to volunteer corps. WRITS PROHIBITION BILL. This bill was withdrawn. JURORS' REMUNERATION BILL. This bill passed through committee. CUSTOMS AND INLAND REVENUE BILL. This bill as amended was considered and agreed to, as was also the Savings Banks Bill. The house adjourned at 2 o'clock. THE NEW REFORMS IN RUSSIA.—The Nord of yesterday says that the imperial ukase relative to corporal punishments completely exempts women and some classes of individuals " ameng whom civilisation is most extended," as, for example, teachers of primary schools— persons who have finished their education in district col leges and other schools---peasants exercising elective func tions—and lastly, curates of parishes. The nobility and the merchants of the two first guilds have for a long time been exempt from corpor a l pun i s h men t. The peasants an d bourgeois who do not b e l ong t o th e categories thus enume rated will only be subject to the lighter corporal punish ments in certain cases specified by law. The knout and the marque are definitively erased from the penal code. The other punishments are sensibly diminished. Analogous modifications are introduced in the penal code of the army and navy. The soldiers and the sailors newly incorporated and those of old standing who have been distinguished up to this time by good conduct will not be subject to corporal punishments except under the decree of a tribunal, and the power of the officers is sensibly limited in relation to the punishments of soldiers and sailors. The punishment of whipping with rods, and of the kochki in the marine, are definitively abolished. [ADVERTISE MENT.]—HoIIoway's Ointment and Pills.— Unseemly Eruptions.—No means heretofore discovered are so competent to cope with and conquer all blemishes, boils, eruptions, redness, and roughness of the skin as these cele brated medicaments, which, to be praised, need only to be known. Holloway's remedies cool the system, regulate the circulation, and so thoroughly purify the whole body that whatever is hurtful must inevitably be swept away, and suc ceeded by healthy structures, which alone can be derived from rich and pure blood. The cosmetic virtues of this un guent have been long appreciated ; no toilet table is well appointed which lacks its presence ; it soothes and cleanses themost fine and tender skins; andwhen assisted byHolloway's Pills is the most valuable beautifier. Sold at Professor Hollo way's Establishment, 244, Strand, and by all medicine ven dors throughout the civilised world, week ending April 25, shows the following results as core pared with the last week in March :-Increase in tb number working full time, 33,816; increase of numb( working four or five days, 1,300. Under the followin heads there was a decrease in the numbers stated:- Working three days, 18,253; working two days or un der, 3,174 ; entirely out of work, 24,954 ; total num ber of opperatives, 11,295; estimated loss of wag e( £16,339; number of persons relieved by commit tees, and also receiving relief from guardians, 18,345 not in receipt of parochial relief, 42,662; total, 61,007 Employed under committee, either in work or educe tional classes, men, 2,414 ; boys under 15, 10,537; women and girls, 7,198; children at school for whom earnmitte ray, 1,300; total decrease, 21,460.-The Hon. Seeretar: stated that there were sent off last week 10 paeliag ee n ,f clothing, 2 hampers of wine, and 19 barrels of total receipts for the week had been £5,787 ; an d for till month of April £20,531. The banker's balance wa l £392,868. Mr. Farnall presented the following rep - It :--" " I beg to inform you that on the 26th ult. there was ' de crease in the number of persons receiving parochial relief it 27 unions in the cotton manufact ur i ng districts, as core' pared with the number so relieved in the previous week, 01 5,373. This decrease of 5,373 is explained as follows There is a decrease at Ashton-under-1 yne of 627, at 13C1 ; ton-upon-irwell of 21, at Blackb u r n o f 261, at Bolton ° i 252, at Burnley of 192, at Bury of 191, at Chorley of 67 ; at Chorlton of 184, at G ars t ang o f 19, a t Gl oss op of 28, a; Lancaster of 9, at Leigh of 103, at Macclesfield of 31 ) Manchester of 1,369, at Oldham of 245, at Preston of 7 3 1 at Prestwich of 32, at Rochdale of 589, at Saddlewo rth 69, at Salford of 166, at Stcckport of 121, at Todmorden of 54, at Warrington of 102, and at Wigan of 38 ; mak ing total decrease of 5,502. But there is an increase at Clitheroe of 21, at the Fylde of 51, an d a t Haslingdee e t 57; making a total increase of 129, so that there is a e n decrease of 5,373, and, since the 6th of December las t, to`al decrease of 79,275 has taken place. There wer e ' ?- the 25th ult., 192,708 persons receiving parochial relief 111 the 27 unions adverted to ; i n th e corresponding week . 1861, 49, 9 71 persons were so relieved; there is, therefor.ei an increase of 143,437 persons in th e rece ipt of par echlig relief, or 291.1 per cent. The total weekly cost of outcl° relief on the 25th ult. was £12,346, 12s 5d ; in the CO sponding week in 1861 it was £2,390 18s 7d; there therefore, an increase of £9,955 13s 10d or 416 4 per I A The average per tentage of pauperism on the popul en " - of these unions, on the 25th ult. was 9 7 ; in the torte{ sponding week in 1831 it was 2 . 5. The average are a of outdoor relief per head par week, b o th i n money au in these unions, on the 25th ult. was is 41d. POLICE INTELLIGENCE—May 5. BOW-STREET,—Mr. Elliman, manager to g es l, W. H. Smith and Sons, the well-known newsvenderailo booksellers, of the Strand, waited upon the magistrate t` make a statement with a view to warn the public ega', o f system of fraud which was being carried on by the the name of that firm. It seemed that some person 1 4, the habit of calling at the houses of m em b ers of the 1 0 , fia lity and gentry who were known t o b e ou t o f tovilb " - co leaving a book, in some cases two, and in one it 1145 12 , 01 three, neatly ma d e u p i n t o a parce l , an d i nscr ib e d ' - o f t from Messrs. S m ith. I n eac h case h e c l a i me d paYraell-a a small sum of money, the amount being marked on the ° side. His appearance b e i ng respecta bl e no suspleiolloslo raised, and the money was in each case handed t° without hesitation. On the pgrc e l b e i ng opene d its CC ; ten's were found to be worthless. As an example's Elliman produced a parcel, which h a d b een left a' te . house of a gentleman in Hyde-park-gardens, with A 146 01 ment that it had been ordered from Messrs. SraiT, tike Sons, and was to be forwarded to th e gen tl e man "' f a/ country. It was marked 4, 15 s. to pay." The wool • at once paid by the hou se k ee p er , b u t it a ft erwar ds aPP e cg, that /aD such parcel had been orde r ed, an d upon ' OO ll opened it was found to contain three dirty old books , as might be purchased for one penny each in 1 1 °V 11 0. street. In other instances the price marked iv° is 6d. In two cases it happened that the person sir charge of the house, h av i ng no s il ver , gave th e man 61 1,0 reign to get change. He went away for that purpooe, of course did not return with the change. 010 The magistrate—lt is e l ear l y obta ining money under 0 1 pretences. I will issue a warrant if there is any 01111nere finding him. ,er Mr. Elliman—Our chief obje c t i s pu bli c i ty —to put public on their guard, toy' 1 The magistrate—Oh, but he ou g ht t o b e pun i s hed ' v hope at his next attempt he will be given in custody. MARYLEBONE.—A lodging-house keeper, n v - 10 4 , Onslow, of 61, Marylebone-road, attended before gr° 400 ley to lodge a complaint against the workhouse authoPoo of St. Marylebone for refusing to admit his servan t ' was suffering from smallpox, into the infirmary. ail After some few remarks, Mr. Yardley sent Burnage,ty summoning officer to the court, to request Mr. Tubb*st, overseer to the parish, to attend, and on his coraincio Yardley said—This man has been ma ki ng a n apPlic t 2, tl o me about a servant of his who has th e sm allpox. 0 0 me that you said you could not take the party in. I t o ioi sad case for any one to be suffering from such a cola and not be able to be taken into the house. Mr. Tubbs--I am sorry to say it is not the only 040 just as I came here another person requested an order me, as his son was down with the smallpox. 116 10 from the Marylebone-road. Th e h osp i ta l s are all full , jo • we don't know what to do. In company with the c° o3 , mittee appointed by our guardians, I went to sighs of Hampstead, Hornsey, and other su b ur b an places, i ll n : ill to see if we could not get som e em pty h ouse or 11°11s reo . which to take the cases occurring i n th e p ar i s h, but d' 0 of we mentioned the nature of our business to the ag en tioa landlords, they at once would not en t er t a i n ou r aPPI[i ‘~ o 01 for renting their premises. I n f ac t th ey c l os ed tn e se ri' once. Some steps now, as the matter assumes such 8 50 0 ous aspect, ought to be taken by the Government' t iore morning a case was brought under our notice whe re ten cases in The. Mr. Yardleymatter is now beginning to ag 00° rather alarming aspect. Mr. Tubbs—We have sent round t o o ther paris h ,„o London to know if they will joi n u s i n ere cting 7.011' hospital, on some of the outski r t s f or th e rece ption of ''"" pox patients. r of° Mr. Yardley—Have you rno pla ce t o h o ld 9°- d smallpox patients Mr. Tubbs—Our smallpox hospital only holds fo llr 'ol o Mr. Yardley— No more I I don't know whetile it discussion will hav e any beneficial effect. I hope ef eti Here is a disease g o i ng a b ou t amongst us, an d which one ought to strive to do what they could to suppre ss ' must do what you can for this patient. COUNTRY MARKETS. LEEDS—TUESDAY. b°o t 1 There has been a quiet business done in wheat , at late prices. Other articles were unchanged. --- MARKET HARBOROUGH—TUESDAY' trig! A fair qua n tity o f w h ea t on o ff er , w i t h a s teady ~,: Barley a dull trade. O a ts kept up in value. Bear 10 :0,`; —White wheat, 46s to 51s ; red, 43s to 46s per 3 6 0 ,54 Malting barley at 35s to 378 per qr. ; grinding, 2?' 3 „ e ro per 30 at. Oats, :old, 265, to 28s; new, 21s to 2os r st. ; beans, 39s to 43s per qr. SHEFFIELD—TUESDA Y. ncleref At to -day's market the s h ow of wheat was r a y" bocr3 and sales were made at q u it e l ast week ' s rates. la d, P." very little alteration occurre d . Oats a shade advance .1 VP beans firm. Od tO 168 0 Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial bushels...lss 2Pod White ...20s Oa w #O.l » I ...as Od to ' 900.1 New red 9 * New white ~ )) ...1 83 Od !A iO4 (l' 15s Od 660 o j Beans /9 f, • • • 45s Od to a m _, Peas, per qr Grindinc , barley, per qr Maltineditto, 1 , Oats 9 9 Flour, is 7d to 2s 2d per 5t0ne232.814:5Lddt3191 LIVERPOOL—TUESDAY. lion tot At our market to-d a y th ere was more d i spo ro on wheat, and sales could only be effected at a declil le s od 7.5 week of 2d per cental. For I n di an corn the del33dolVd limited, at 3d per qr advance on th e wee k . Flour or 100 American 6d per barrel easier. Oatmeal 6d to OP dearer. MELTON MOWBRAY—TuEspAIr• 0 4 1 1: The wheat ruled steady, at quite as much ta° s l 2 ;, 4 tt week. Barley made former prices. Oats at fa anyer —The following were the currencies :—New vvl6 st°4,:; 49s Od to 538 Od ; new red, 43s Od to 46s Pe r , e r 'fot beans, 40s to 44s•for old ; new sorts, 36s to 3 90 r cf* barley, 37s to 40s ;for malting, and 28s ,to 31$ 1 0 grinding; oats, 23s to 30s Od per 24 stone. Births. A ta rt. / MANNERS.—On the 3d inst., at 6, Cumberlallv-',ooo° Regent's-park, prematurely, the Lady John of of a son. t h Wi fe • RODNEY.—On the 4th inst , at Charin g , , - Kent) —° Frederick Kent, E sq ., o f son. Marriages. I , Of JOHNSTON—HAY.—On the 4th i ns t a t Edinb urg- Johnston, Esq., of Ballvkilb eg House, county si r Juh Georgtana Barbara, second daughter f the 1 93° Hay, Bart., of Park. 0 /01 PARKER—PERDUE.—On the 2d inst., at St. glltithi, t° Kensington, James Parker, Esq , of Hannuelso—sfor°' Anne, daughter of the late J. Perdue, Esq., Deaths. BucKNALL.—On the sth inst., Henry Bu ckliall, °cl' v. Crutched-friars and Dulwich, aged 76. Le vet 13 tI, nch.—On the 4th inst., at Canterbury , Burch, ALEy. — E O F q n . Thom as ' t a h g e e 3 d d 7 i s n ' s t a t Watford, Charles r. HE Healey, aged 41. r vaotil et FESTER.—On ~ of Mr. Hester, town clerlt of Oxford, the 3d inst., Mrs. Susanna ires te ' a ged 6 °' 0001' MEA.DOWS.—On the 4th inst at the Iricarsg4rriste'' Chigwell. Essex, Douglas Spencer Meadows, f 3, at-law, aged 31. Es 4, ROBERTS —On the 4th inst,, John Roberts, Norfolk Villas, Bayswater aged 72. „ f A DIDS °W O S 2 , London : Printed and Published by WILLIA— - s'o• - i i v Office. ty 0 of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TIIE STJ ~, coil Strand, in the Precinct ot.;tbe Savoy , in oh lirj"leSeX,—Wednefiday, Itlay 6, 156