The Sun. — London, England, 1863-07-06 00:00:00

THE CIVIL WARE IN AMERICA. ---®--- (Front the limes' Correspondent.) NEW YORK, June 23. It seems to be- proved, from the impossibility of his being anywhere else, that Gen. Lee, at the head of a formidable army, is in the Valley of the Shenan doah. Where Gen. Hooker is the Government will not allo w the public to learn, except in the vague manner conveyed in the assertion that Washington is safe by the disposition he has made of his forces. As the Government has reason to fear that Lee has at least 100,000 mui, in addition to Ewell's and Stuart's cavalry of 20,000, and as it knows by cffi cial documents in the possession of the War De partment that Hooker has not more than 70,000, it is naturally anxious, if not alarmed, for tho result of the great encounter, which cannot now be long delayed, but of which Lee, and not Hooker, has the choice, both of ground and of time. Hooker's main object is to save Washington, but as he does not know whether Lre's immediate object is to attack this city or to move upon Wheeling and Pittsburg on the one side, or H krrishurg and Philadelphia on the ether, prrpire.,)ry to his grand blow at Bali. more, and finally up ,n Washington, his chief duty is incessant weicelulre-ss and the holding of his army well together, so that it may not be beaten in detail. Dreading, apparently, that the Northern pubic has not sufficient strength of mind to bear bed news without dangerous febrile excitement, Hooker has ordered " that nothing shall be said by correspondents in the front until the grand battle comes off," and the Government has aided him in his object of secrecy by renewed activity of sup pression at the telegraphic offices of Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York of all facts, rumours, and surmises that may be thought too strong for the nerves of the nation to bear without ill consequences. It is even understood that Mr. Stanton has ordered the prosecution of Philadelphia newspaper which indicated with too much tenth the position of General Hooker's army at the end of last week, and of all the other newspapers throughout the country that copied the dangerous paragraph. The chief result of this excess of alarm and secrecy is that the North is filled with all imaginable rumours, except rumours of victory for the Army of the Potomac. The public is in the mood to take the gloomiest pos sible view of matters. The success of Hooker does not enter even into its dreams; and it the "grand battle" on which he calculates for removing the veil that conceals his present movements and intention shall end in his signal defeat, no one, however grieved and distressed he may be, will be in the slightest degree surprised. One of the most pro minent facts of the day is the popular disbelief in General Hooker's ability to command an army. Another fact almost equally prominent is the almost universal conviction of the returned soldiers, of the fighting element of the population which has not yet taken part in the war, and of the great mass of the non-Abolitionist people, that of General M'Clei. lan were in Hooker's place Washington and Balti more would be in less danger than they are; and General Lee not half so confident as he is known to be of a speedy and a splendid victory. But if, in obedience to the popular demand which has already arisen for his restoration, the President were to re appoint General M'Clellan there would be a divi sion in the Cabinet, which would deprive Mr. Lin coln of the services of Mr. Chase, Mr. Stanton, and General Halleck. As he prefers the nn:ty of his Cabinet to any General whatever, as, moreover, he has confidence in the fighting qualities and sound judgment of Hooker, as he has pledged his word to give him another trial, and as, in the last place, General M'Ciellan would resume power as a master, if he resumed it at all, the President turns a deaf ear to every remonstrance on behalf of the popular favourite, and thinks Hooker the very best " peg" for the very large " hole" into which it is his fortune or misfortune to have been thrust. With the exception of the cavalry raids which have so sadly scared the people and Government of Penn sylvania, and a few cavalry skirmishes at the gaps of the Bull Ruu mountains between the outposts of the rival armies, the main event of the new aggression of the Confederates has been the humiliating defeat of Milroy at Winchester—the key of the Shenandoah Valley, and a position which it was of the utmost importance to the Federals to hold. Gen. Milroy, one of the political adventurers of the school of Butler, Schenck, and llascall, who have left the desk for the camp, for their own advancement and the shame of their country, is the same redoubtable warrior who threatened the " Copperheads" and peace party that as soon as the war was over the soldiers, "having their hands in," would turn their attention to the suppression of disloyalty in the North and West, and who otherwise rendered him self notorious by armed hostilities against newspaper offices that were unable to resist. Like the rest of his class, he hss shown himself much better atblus tering than at fighting. Appointed to command for political, not for military, reasons, at a moment when the President was out of temper with the slow and cautious movements of all the officers who had reeeived a military education at West Point, and chiefly because he was not one of them, G e n. Mil roy was stationed at Winchester several weeks ago, when the threat of an advance of the Confederates up the Shenandoah Valley was openly discussed. For such an advance it was his duty to have been prepared, and at Winchester and the neighbouring posts he had 15,000 under his orders. No sooner did two divisions of the Confederates, under Gen. Ewell, appear in bight of Winchester than he became alarmed, and lost h i s self-con trol and presence of mind. Instead of holding out or offering the best resistance pcsEible, until Gen. Hooke: should send or come to the rocue, he tirade up what little of his mind was left to the sad conclusion that he was outnumbered and out generalled, and that nothing was to he done but to retreat as rapidly as he could. He retreated se cordingly, and the telegrams of a few days after wards, despatched to the Government by himself, informed the world that he had most gallantly and desperately cut has way through a vastly superior force, with the loss of only 2,000 men. It turns out, however—for private letters from officers and sol diers will come to lig ht, facts, however carefully sup pressed, will be made known, and truth will vindi cate itself, whoever may be hurt in the process— that Gen. Mnroy reached Harper's :Ferry with only 1,700 men out of 7,000; that he left behind him all his artillery, ammunition, baggage, and stores, estimated to be worth to the Confederates nearly 5,000,000 dole ; and, moreover, that he ran a great deal faster than any of his army, portions of which 300 or 400 strong, continue up to the pre sent hour to present themselves at his new head quarters, wondering at the remarkable agility of their commander, It is stated that the great rea. son for the remarkable precipitancy of General Milroy was his personal fear of capture at the hands of the Confederate General, who, in conse quence of his (Milroy's) ultra-Abolitionism and his running off and kidnapping negro slaves from the farms of people whom he suspected of disloyalty, had offered a reward of 10,000 dols for his head, with the intention of hanging him. It is scarcely to be expected that the Democratic and Cop perhead press—which Genoral Milroy was in the habit of threatening with such awful yen geance when he was not in face of a more formid able enemy—ezill not animadvert with a severity s omewhat keener than usu a l u p on thi s fla g rant case o f i nc apacity or cowardice. G en . L ee , i n re p or ti ng the capture of Winchester, announces " that God has once more crowned the valour of our troops with victory." The New York World takes exception to the phrase, and thinks it ought to have been stated that " God has once more crowned th e f o lly of G 4313. Milroy with confusion ;" while the Herald, less sarcastic and more appropriately in earnest, de clares that the public warfare demands that Milroy, whose incompetency was well'known to the War Department, should be immediately arrested, tried by court-martial, and shot, as an example for the future ; and that Mr. Stanton should, at the same time, be removed from the War-office to make room for an abler administrator. As the Central Government, in a day of emer gen" and peril, was not able to come to the relief O \ellen threatened with tiro and sword , itis now urged that, considering the proved incompetence and powerlessness of the Navy De partment at Washington to prevent the depreda tions of the Florida and Alabama and their now numerous consorts—one of which, the Tawny, or Florida No. 2, captured the Liverpool emigrant ship the Isaac Webb, on her way to New Y le, and only about 75 miles distant—Governor Soya our, of New York, should take the matter in hand. Governor Seymour has lately determined, without reference ter the President's forthcoming conscription, to re organise the New York State Militia to its full complement of 120,000 men, a very respectable army ; and it is argued, as he is Commander-in- Chief of the naval as well as the military forces of the commonwealth, that he ought in this capacity to supplement the action of the weak Central Go vernment, and protect the citizens of the State of New York at sea as well as on shore. Why, it is asked, should he not call upon patriotic capitalists to lend or fit out for him a squadron of fast steamers to pursue the formidable war-ehips of the Southern Confederacy, and by capturing them free the commerce of the city from frightful loss of ships and goods, as well as from enormous sca risks, ;mounting to an insurance of 10 and 20, and in the 0.4 a) of the Californian traders of 25 and even 30 per cent. ? These are suggestive hints, presaging the time—that mar come, and that will come, in the estimation of many who believe they can see much n further into futurity than their ne i g hbours_ the great State of New York o will f setup independentf for and try to recover the trade South, by a new secession England, Protectionist i,enn f s r y o l m van A n b ia o , li a t n io d n t is h t e ag New ri culturalsperiodnm t e o r f thhea strife, N driven ando t r h t h e - bN a e e t or r s t e t h . et rhnAt the assaulta people very uponearly beside Fort themeelves with vindictive passion at the outrage upon their flag, the erection of New York into a free city, after the model of Hamburg, Lubeck, and Bremen, was openly debated, and found many supporters. Governor Seymour's action with respect to the Militia, and the recommendation that he should make himself forthwith a great naval as well as military potentate, look as if the idea of separation were not. considered entirely illusory in the contin gency of Southern success; and that in the day of the debacle New York, the Empire State, may per haps find it advisable to look to herself for the shap ing of her own destiny. While General Banks, at Port Hudson, has been endeavouring to prove to the world how bravely negro soldiers will fight, and how obediently they will suffer themselves to be slaughtered at the command of their superior officer, Colonel Mont-' gomery, late of Kansas, has undertaken to prove —what was not needed—that negroes when their blood is inflamed, and their passion aroused by bad example, will commit all the worst horrors that ever disgraced the practice of war. Intend. ing to excite the negro slaves of Georgia to in surrection against their masters, or at the very least to run off as many thousands of them as he could lay 'lands on for service in the Federal army, Colonel Montgomery placed his black troops on board of several transports on the 11th inst. and sailed up the Altamaha river to the town of Darien. All the inhabitants, including the slaves, fled at his approach, and when he entered the place scarcely a straggler was left. The correspondent of the Herald states, " that the town was burnt, which was some consolation to the War Party ;" while the Savannah News, not finding any consolation in the act, describes it, on the authority of a correspondent whose whole property perished in the conflagration, in terms that will be anything but consoling to those numerous good men among the Northern people who believe that war has its decencies and humanities as well as its duties, and who do not wish their cause to be disgraced in the eyes of the civilised world by bar barous and needless atrocities, whether committed by black men or by white. The negroes burnt the churches, the chapels, the market-house, the bank, the court-house, the gaol, and all the public and private dwellings in the town, having previously smeared the wooden houses with turpentine to in crease the rapidity of the conflagration, and rifled the shops and stores of wine, spirits, clothing, jewelry, and everything they needed. They even went so far as to shoot the cattle in the streets in wantonness and destruction, and did not retire until nothing was left of Darien but a heap of smoulder ing ruins. "The Confederates," says the Express of to-night, " heap coals of fire upon our heads by not acting in a similar manner in Pennsylvania. In deed, they might relieve us from shame, if they would only burn up a town or two, and thus take the blushes off our cheeks." The Abolitionist jour nals say nothing on the subject, and one of them last night, in narrating the brilliant deeds of Colonel Montgomery, prudently omitted all mention of the burning of Darien,.contenting itself with the simple announcement of the capture. It would be well for their credit, however, if they would join their de nunciations to those of the rest of the people against this diabolical mode of warfare, which not only con signs to infamy its leaders and instigators, but will array against the Federal Administration an amount of obloquy that no government can endure and live. Another clergyman, and he by far the most dig nified and powerful in America, has declared himself in favour of peace. Archbishop Hughes, who took especial pains a few weeks ago to impress upon the minds of a youthful auditory the fact that a small republic, with liberty, was better than a large re public without it, has gone still further in the ex pression of those sober second thoughts on the war which are fast recess:mending themselves to the in terest as well as to the conscience of the American people. At the dedication on Sunday last of the New Roman Catholic church of St. Theresa, in this city, after a touching discourse on the purely reli gious aspects of the ceremonial in which he bore the most conspicuous part, he touched in few but preg nant sentenees on the awful question of the war. " Speaking for the Roman Catholics, he would say that they had no hand nor part in bringing about the condition of affairs which now distracts and efflicts the land." . . . " Let us," he continued, a pray to God to have mercy upon the people of this ayer.As to of that the at there tru co untry, and by some means, devised in His great wisdom,ggle bring That about w asa a n amicable legitimate• p rtermination would, no doubt, be p rayers upon both sides of s the line. the present was in diffi culties, Differences of opini on must ex i st with regard to theaccomplishment termination of it, but favour of a happy ev en though it should be attended by the division of a great people." The Archbishop is a cautious and prudent man, and on the few occasions when he touches upon politica follows rather than leads the sentiment of his people. The Irish Roman Catholics have sent many thousands of their youth to perish on the bloody, and as yet fruitless battle fields, where they have been more cruelly sacrificed m len in t a le n s d s i a n s g t o li ffi at e h e a rs than by th e swor d o f t h e e nemy, s by therash ness an d s tupidity of commanding been ; and if any b o d y o f c itizens have a right de rived from their efforts in the war to speak of their desire for peace, it belongs to them and to the Archbishop of their faith, The position taken by the Archbishop, and in which he follows most of the Irish memb e r s of the Democratic party to which he belongs, and in which he will possibly lead the remainder, is the same assumed by Mr. Fernando Wood—Peace, even at the cost of Disunion. A large section—perhaps as yet the majority of the Democratic party, having its head-quarters in the city of Albany, and not in New York, and known as the Albany Regency—take less logical ground, and loudly proclaim that they are in favour of peace, but not at the expense of a division of the Union. In this respect they are but in accord with Mr. Lin coln and Gen. Hooker, with Mr. Wendell Phillips and Miss Ann Dickinson, with Gen. Butler and the Rev. Mr. Beecher, and with the whole of the have a v Re publican party, except the gentlemen who large war contracts, and cannot in a country such as this, if they could in any other, be expected to allow the Christian and the patriot that may be latent in their nature to get the better of the trader and the " smart" man of business. All these, from Mr. Lin coln down to Mr. Beecher and Mr. Tilton, are men of peace, but peace only to be acquired by the subju gation of the South. Archbishop Hughes, Mr. Fer nando Wood, and the working classes of New York are peace men of another kind. They love peace for its own sweet self. They are sick of the war and atl that b , 10111:7 2 3 to it. The poorer classes IrloreeSpe- CiliLy suffer grievous ills from it, and expect to suf f...r is a still higher degree, if it be not immediately THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JULY 6, 1863 brought to a close. They have fought and bled for it; given the lives of fathers, sons, brothers, and husbands for it, and are not disposed to make any further sacrifices of treasure, time, blood, or exec. tion in its support. They once believed that the South was merely mutinous, and could be reduced to order and discipline in the " ninety days" of Mr. Seward and by the 75,000 men of Mr. Lin coln. They have awakened to a different and a sadder conclusion, and have learnt to admire the Southern and to despise the Northern AEministra tion, in proportion as the war aivanced ; and are convinced that the South not only will, but ought to be recognised as an independent Power. Such is the present opinion of the great majority of the Irish Roman Catholic population, basing himself r u a p , o e n t w o h d r A e h r h in b s is ei h f o i p n uvoguhre of s h a a p s s h u ad ni o t n h u Peace, e c a o ce if no other be practicable. To this complexion the whole Democratic party must come at last, Many of its leaders—in addition to Mr. Fernando Wood and Mr. Benjamin Weed, who loudly proclaims this doctrine in his paper—are already sensible that it is no more possible to restore the Union than it is to restore the empire of Charlemagne, or the domi nion of Powhattan ; but, being more concerned for the future predominacy of the Democratic party, and its share of the " honours and plunder' , of office, than fcr the immediate welfare of the country, hesi tate to take any step which might give increased popularity to their rivals the Republicans. Their notion is that whichever of the two parties makes peace will be politically ruined for a quarter of a century. They do not wish to remain out of office for so long a period. They see that peace is the one thing needful, and if the Republicans could be persuaded or compelled to make it upom humiliating terms, they would only be too glad to accept the peace and to use the humiliarions that prepared and 'mom panied it as the means of a long exclusion of their rivals from power. The Democratic party, taken as a whole, is too cunning and too sordid to be very pa triotic, except in great extremity, and relies too much upon the innate depravity of human nature as one of the great fulcra of Government to place itself very much in advance of public opinion, or that which it believes to represent it. The day may come, how ever, and that much sooner than it anticipates, when the public peril will he so imminent under the worse than imbecile mismanagement of the present Admi nistration, as to compel it to think less of party and more of duty than seems at present to its mind, and to declare itself a ready follower in that path where Mr. Fernando Wood and Archbishop Hughes and nearly the whole of the working classes have pre ceded it. All the keys much resembled each other in appearance, but each pair of keys would only open their own lock. The Rev. Mr. Leach, rector of Hubberstone, and chair man to the Milford Improvement Commissioners, deposed that he remembered an application made to him for his key of the safe containing the veal, which Szlumper required for the purpose of affixing to a lease. After this had been done the prisoner borrowed the key from witness on pretence of cleaning all the locks, and a day or two afterwards re turned a key which was not the same as that lent to him. No authority was given the prisoner from the board to exe cute a power of attorney. The commissioners had £244 stock, at 3 per cent., in the Bank of England. The witness was not aware that the prisoner had ever accounted to the commissioners for the £244 after he received it. Messrs. Roberts, T. J. Lewis, G. P. Lewis, Richards, Gould, Thomas, Davies, Williams, Welmert, and Durant all commissioners, corroborated the evidence as to the pri•. saner having never received any authority from the board to execute the deed. The power of attorney authorising the selling out of the stock was produced, also letters written by Szlumper in the name of the board to Messrs. Cancellers, brokers, of London, inquiring as to the formalities necessary in ord er t o se ll out stock, and receipts in his handwriting for half -notes received from Messrs. Cancellors. The jury found the prisoner guilty, There were two other indiet! , :frifs for forgery szsinst him, but Mr. Lascelles offered no evidence thereon. His Lordship suspended his decision till Friday morning, when he sentenced the prisoner to four years' penal servi tude. intrigue and t onVersation. Francis Joseph and the Arehdukes may wall have been astonished at their visitor three years ago, when he presented himself with the firm intention of taking up the rege neration of Austria us a personal matter. An an cient Briton in his war paint eould not have been a more astonishing atriVal at Vienna. 'the experi ment, however, seems to have had so pleasing an effect upon his fortunes and his character that he has tried it again. Attired, like Godiva+ in nothing but his native medeaty, he saddles his favourite animal and rides, with Mr. Lindsay for his hand maid, into the middle of the haunts of Tyranny. The monarch of France and Mr, Roebuck have thus met at last. Caesar has encountered with impunity the gaze of Brutus, and Brutus has returned to humble life a mollified and mitigated patriot, his face glowing with the delight of having conversed with one more Emperor. Mr. Roebuck went to the Imperial Palace a bitter-blowing East wind ; he has come back all South-east and South. The sour grapes of Sheffield have been ripened by the sun of Fontainebleau. Mr. Roebuck has frequently received merited castigation, both in the House of Commons and elsewhere, but he has seldom received a better dressing than he got from the bitter tongue of Mr. liright. Mr. Bright pointed out, with truth and plainness, that Mr. Roebuck is hardly the man to play the British Paul Pry to Imperial perseneges,etill less to represent the French Emperor in the House of Commons. The manner in which he chose, two years ago, to speak of Napoleon 111. makes it ludi crous in the extreme for him to assume the charac ter of Ambassador Extraordinary from that monarch to the English Legislature. Nor do we want an official of the kind. All the notes of private inter views that Mr. Roebuck has taken are thrown away. It is highly inconvenient that the attention of the house should be taken up with tittle tattle to which it is undignified to listen, and which it would be still more undignified for the Commons of this coun try to regard. What Mr. Roebuck chooses to do on the American question somebody may do upon the subject of Turkey, or the lonian Islands, or the dis tress in Lancashire. If the private wishes of Napo leon 111. are indeed to be perpetually dragged into the deliberations of Parliament, let Baron Gros have a seat below the bar, accompanied with the privi lege of stating succinctly to the house, before each division, what the French Emperor is likely to think of it. The Imperial will may thus at all events flow to us in a responsible and accredited channel, not filter down to us through half a dozen peri satetic gossips, who are neither fitted for the part of Impe rial parrots by their accuracy of memory or their dis cretion. If this be objected, let Mr. Nassau Senior be sent round every summer in an official capacity; and let a committee of the house sit upon his note book when he comes home. It is needless to observe that the Bashi•bazouk diplomacy which Mr. Roe buck and the Liverpool m erc h ants h ave endeavoured to bring into fashion increases infinitely the diffi culty of all regular and official authorities. When every Briton who pleases is his own ambassador, Lord Russell will have an uneasy time of it. All this is quite unconstitutional and out of place. What Napoleon 111. wishes the House of Commons to be told, he can always ask Ministers to tell them. So long as we have a Gove rnment at a ll , i t w i ll be better for his Imperial Majesty to confine his confi dence within recognised bounds, or he must not be surprised if they are treated both with neglect and indifference. The les s P ar li ament hears of the pri vate wishes of Emperors and Quee ns an d P r i nces , the better it will discharge its duty to the constitu encies that returned it. EXAMINER.—Mr.Bright never made a more earnest and impressive speech than that of Tuesday last in opposition to the recognition of Confederate inde pendence. He carried with him the complete at tention of the house, and secured for his eloquence, at least, the admiration of his bitterest political op ponent. 'But the just hatred of slavery led in his fervid mindto the use of some bad argument. Take, for example, what he said on the subject of cotton supply, for which some zealous abolitionist must have been furnishing him with fabricated statistics. Trusting to these he comes to conclusions in direct contradiction to the entire history of our cotton manufacture. Every one had believed that the greatness of onr manufacture was owing to the capacity of the Southern States of America to pro duce a cheap and good raw material. Seventy years ago, before the culture of cotton was introduced in America, the value of our woollen manufactures greatly exceeded that of cotton, and when, on the im portation of American cotton, Mr. Pitt told that the cotton would in time exceed in value our great na tional staple, he would not believe it possible. But our exports of cotton goods have exceeded those of woollen at least fivefold, all the result of the pro ducing capacity of the Southern States of Anglo- Saxon America. Mr. Bright is stone-blind to all this, and his charge against the slaveholders of the South is, that they have failed to produce it in the requisite quantity and cheapness. These are shortly the facts. Before the cultivation of the cotton plant was introduced into America, and especially before it was pushed into the valleys of the Mississippi and Alabama, and when our main supply was de rived from the West Indies, the price of a pound of cotton ranged from two shillings to half-a-crown. For some years before the breaking out of the pre• sent civil war the Southern Americans, favoured oy a superior fertility of soil, adaptation of climate, na tural facility of transport, and skill in production, had brought the pound of cotton down to one fourth part of the first named price, and one-fifth part of the latter, yet Mr. Bright is not satisfied, and blames them for not doing more. By war the American supply has in a great measure been withdrawn, and the price of cotton has risen to something very like what it was 70 years ago. For the last two years India, Egypt, Brazil, and other countries have had enhanced prices, a bounty equal to from 200 to 300 on every pound of cotton they can bring to market, but they have miserably failed to supply the place of the southern American States. WEE . KLY DISPATCH.—We have another publica tion of a quarter's revenue and another boast of prosperity. Now we own to a superstition against this self-glorification ; it is generally the symptom of that kind of security that leads to errors and heralds reverses. We see nothing in the returns to show that, in spite of the Lancashire distress, Great Britain is not holding its own ; for that we are grateful. To make what we can of the figures be fore us, we find that the increase for the factitious year is £998,072, a very pleasant balance in itself, but utterly counteracted by the equally patent fact that the " Miscellaneous" is larger than in the for mer year by £1,025,517. If the readers of the Dispatch required to be told that this "Miscellane ous" is no revenue at all, but either repayment of advances or of debts, and therefore so much con sumption of capital, or accrues from the sale of stores and bad bargains at a frightful sacrifice, we have on many occasions taken care to give them the information. However, the Excise has declined in the course of the year no less than £1,373,000; on the quarter, £481,000 ; and we believe that this is occasioned mainly by remissions of taxation calcu lated upon, and partly by credit given for malt tax, the partial return to a system which Mr. Gladstone had broken in upon by a very stringent exaction of prompt payment. So when the Customs, Stamps, Taxes, Property-tax, Post-office, and Crown Lands, give us an increase on the year of £1,345,555, and on the quarter of £486,500, we are quite content to believe in a real elasticity, and grateful to consider the permanent, solid resources of the country capable of meeting the shock of an almost unexampled misfortune without crumbling under the blow. A somewhat kindred topic is the attempt to decimalise our weights and measures, to adopt a French scientific standard as our meter, and to put ourselves in accord with the continent by reckoning in tens from that point. Now, as a matter of theory, quite apart from practice, this would, doubtless, be very desirable. We do not greatly admire the objection that begins by admit ting—" it it were to be done afresh, it would be right to do it," but in this case it is undoubted'y applicable. It is altogether a matter of convenience as to reckoning. We might, undoubtedly, facilitate our dealings with foreign nations by adopting their weights and measures; but for one large transac tion well worth the careful calculation of a compe tent man, which we enter into with foreigners, there are about a million small dealings between our selves, entered into by mere habit by those wh, have scarcely the power of making a new reckoning. We should say, therefore, to Mr. Cobden and the parties who mooted the question in the House of Commons on Wednesday, and w h o ga i ne d a ma jority against Mr. Milner Gibson, affirming their principle, Go very gently. It is easy to do serious and wide-spread injustice by any precipitation. CIVIL SERVICE GAZETTE.—Just on the eve of the publication of the Report of the Royal Commission on Penal Servitude, and when all the subjects connected with his department were about to receive the fullest consideration by the legis lature and the public, Sir Joshua Jebb, in apparent possession of his usual health and mental vigour, has by a most sudden dispensation of Pro- vidence been " removed from the evil to come." The awful and distressing circumstances of his death would of themselves disincline those who were ar rayed against him on public questions from any unnecessary criticisms, and for ourselves we can sincerely say that even if it had been impossible for him so far to modify his very tenaciously held opi nions as to have become useful in building up a new convict system in this country, we should certainly have devoutly wished that the most influential and pertinacious opponent of reform in convict adminis tration had vacated his official seat by any o th er means than those sadly impressive ones which at tended his departure. Putting Sir Joshua Jebb's mo;iyes at the very best, and aeguowledging that SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. deeply sorry to SATURDAY REVIEW.—W e are secured a p approbation A b b a b tion hear of a proposed scheme for commemorating the merits of Sir George Cornewall Lewis by I t ito is n of saida ' that‘ bust the a p l d tablet" l h e s t s in Westminster the ro "the erec ey. of the Dean, but it is to be hoped that either the Dean or those who have undertaken the manage ment of the Memorial may be induced to think bet ter of it before the mischief is irrevocably done. We need hardly explain that, in thus saying, we are not actuated by any disrespect to Sir G. Lewis. Tt is, on the other hand, the very honour which we bear to the memory of that illustrious scholar and states man which makes us even more anxious than we should be in another case to save his name from being made an excuse for inflicting another dis figurement on the noblest church in England. If the two feelings could possibly clash, we might say that, much as we respect Sir G. Lewis, we respect Westminster Abbey still more; but there is really no need of any such collision. It is alike in the in terest of the memory of a great man and of the pre servation of a magnificent building that we plead against reverence for the one being perverted to the mutilation of the other. A similar blow was once threatened by way of commemorating Mr. Hallam. That blow was happily averted; so there is, per haps, hope that some means may be fo und for doing honour to one of the greatest English scholars with out inflicting further damage on the work of the greatest of English kings. The true doctrine of monuments and memorials is a very simple one, and one which we have done our best to set forth on other occasions. A monument is simply a man's tomb. It must, therefore, be in a church, church yard, or other cemetery, and it cannot properly fol low more than two or three types, in har mony with both the religious and the archi tectural character of the place. A memorial may be of any kind, and may be set up in any place where it is thought good, and it is subject to no restrictions beyond the general laws of art and good taste. The monument is something purely ecclesiastical; the memorial may be ecclesiastical or secular, just as may happen. A memorial may be indoors or out of doors; it may assume the form of bust, statue, cross, picture, anything that is most liked. And it may be set up in any place whatso ever, while a monument is absurd in any place save the place where the man is buried. It is perfectly right to commemorate Sir George Lewis by a strictly ecclesiastical monument in the church where he is buried. It is equally right to commemorate him by a mere memorial—a statue, picture, or whatever is liked best—in any fitting place either in London or Oxford. But it would be foolish to set up a strictly ecclesiastical m onument of Sir G. Lewis in Westminster Abbey, because he is not buried in Westminster Abbey. It would be equally foolish to set up any other sort of memorial for him there, because Westminster Abbey is—what some people seem to forget—a church, and a church isno place for memorials of any but the ecclesiastical kind. It is especially foolish t set up a tablet and bust in Westminster Abbey, because such tablet and bust will certainly be incongruous with the archi tecture of the building, and can hardly fail to in volve the destruction or concealment of some portion of the original work. For all these reasons, the proposed scheme for commemorating Sir G. Lewis is one which we trust will never be carried into effect. SPECTATOR.—Mr. Roebuck on Tuesday night paid an unexpected compliment to his countrymen. He announced—and by acts, not words—his belief that the national character is greatly changed. That insular self-esteem, that haughty impatience of in terference from abroad, that ignorant inability to bear with foreign dictation, of which fo reigners used so bitterly to complain, has, he conceives, departed. The Englishman has be come a cosmopolitan, and, like most neophytes, betrays the novelty of h is ready to welcome the his convictions by their me bounded ardour. g brother but as a bosom foreigner not only' ae ae friend ; to learn from him not onl y how to act but even how to behave ; not merely how to treat his neighbours but bow to g uide the p roceedings of the family circle. These are lessons the meekest of men are seldom willing to receive, yet Mr. Roebuck t h a t his fellow citizens here, after obviouslycenturies believes of stiff nec kedness, attained even to this height of Christian humility. At least, that is the only theory upcn w hich we can explain the auda city with which be st c onveyed to the House of Com mons a rebuke addressed by the Emperor of the French through him to the Government of Great Britain. Mr. Roebuck, it appears, had heard that the Emperor had c hanged his mind on the subject of the recognition of the South, and, taking ,thi s Majesty" to be the n atural dictator of English po licy, went across to ask _him the questi on w ith as little scruple evide ntly as he might add ress an in terpellation to the Under Secretary f or F ore i gn Affairs. The Emperor, with tiiat maganimity which has in it so ranch either of Christianity or contempt, spoke as frankly es in if Mr. Roebuck had never de nounced, as he did She_ffield, the " perjured lips which polluted the Queen's cheek." " I s a id, ' Y our Majesty may make a formal ark." to Eng land: Ile stopped me' and said, ' No, I cannot de that, and I will te ll you why. Some month s ago I did make a form al application to England, and England sent m y despatch to America. Th a t de spatela go t into Mr. Seward's hands, and was s h own to my ambassad or at Washington, and it came back to me, and I feel that I was ill treated by such con. duct. (Hear, hear, and sensation.) I cannot eubject myself to . t . 10 1 .0 danger of similar treatment ; but I will do everything short of it—l will give you full liberty to state to the English H ous e of Commons that this is my wish, and to state that I am determined in all things to act with England, and more than this, that I wish to ac t with her as regards America: " The intent of tha t sentence is clear. The Ern if M. Roebuck re p orts him trul y , thin ks himself Emperor, betrayed by t h e British Government, and appeals from his betr a y er to the House of co mmonss earnest is be in the matter that he does not even respect ord inar y forms of international courtesy. Instead of in sertin g his com p laint in a des patch and then: suffering that despatch to ooze out throu g h an <<officious" print , he selects a special envoy, that e nvoy an Eng lishman, tha t En g lish man a Radical representat ive notorious for his ant i - Napoleonic s peeches, and bids hi m carry a verb al reproof of the Government of Great Britain into the British P - li am ent. That reproof, moreover, is ma Par liament. de formal by his consent to its publication, and couched in • the form o f a charge of treachery against a Government w i t h which, adds his Majesty, 6 6 I am determined in all things to act." No incident could be better ca l cu lated to expose the mischief of a practice now becoming too prevalent, that of members of the Lower House turning themselves at their own dis cretion into volunteer ambassadors. LONDON REVIEW.—Mr. Roebuck, arriving at the Tuileries with his umbrella, and " hoping he don't intrude," which will be a spectacle of, Shef field may well be proud. Whenever there diff i cu lty this busy gentleman repairs straight is a to the scene of action, and sends in his card. The l a mented Mr. Edwin James once upon a time—as admirable we all must well remember—adopted this e xpedient when the Italian question was attrac ti ng . un i ve rsal notice. He took upon him the high mission mission of representing tae Maylebone an d the Parish Pumps of Old England Beadle a t the court of General Garibaldi. med w ith credentials from himself, he conversed freely with the General, and wrote an acco unt of his conversati o n to the Times. Mr. Roe. buck flies at higher game, though he is equally con versational and equally communicative about his conversation ; and the . Sheffield Foreign Affairs Committee have the satisfaction of knowing that to crowned t h e ir member only accre dits himself - heads. There will soon be no palace in Europe that does not know the sight of Mr. Roebuck's umbrella. He has also poked in on Austria in a family way—he has looked in on France, and we have no reason for supposing that he does not mean to look in upon Prussia, Russia, and A • menu,. Mrs. Candour, in the "School for Scandal," had not a more successful wayof - • - • / arriving just in the nick of SUMMER ASSIZES. SOUTH WALES CIRCUIT. (Before ,Baron Wilde.) THE FISHGUARD MURDER. Lydia Williams was charged with the wilful murder of her husband, Dan Williams, at the parish of Llanunda. Mr. Henry Allen and Mr. Owen prosecuted ; Mr. Thos. Allen defended the prisoner. Various witnesses said they had seen the deceased in good health as late as the 11th and 12th of April last. Elizabeth Bowen saw him about six o'clock on the day he was taken ill—he then appeared to be well. She saw him on the following day in the evening, about four o'clock —he was then very ill. He came to her house, and said he had pains about him he never had before in his stomach. She saw him again on the following Tuesday, when he complained of the pain in his stomach, and said his throat and tongue felt very hot. At another time he was vomit ing. About nine days later he was very ill, and in great pain. He complained of pain like a cramp. Before his ill ness his limbs were weak from rheumatism, but he was well in body. Cross-examined Deceased had two sisters, who did not live with him, but one attended him before he died. This sister and the wife were not friendly. Witness and the wife had at one time not been on good terms. Deceased was in the habit of tnkingtoo much physic, including boiled herbs, which were usually simmering in a saucepan on the hob. The herb he use was called " bog bean." Elizabeth Davies, on being sworn, said she lived next door to deceased, whom she saw on Sunday, the 17th of April, at six o'clock. He complained he was very weak. Saw him again the following Tuesday or Wednesday inbed very ill and vomiting. He said he thought he should:die. Mary Williams, daughter of the deceased, remembered her father being taken ill on the Sunday. She was ill her self that day. After the Sunday she frequently saw him vomit, generally every day after his meals. He vomited after the meals which witness prepared, but his wife usually, but not always; filled the bowls. When witness took his food to him herself de ceased never vomited. Pri soner left the house a fortnight after he was taken ill, and did not return. Witness saw prisoner pour out a small quan tity of gin for her father into a blue basin, and take a white powder out of tome paper and put in the basin. Her father did not drink it. Eleanor Williams, sister to the deceased, said she prepared the food after the wife left, and he was not sick after taking it. She found a powder on the top of the press. She gave it to Dr. Wathan. Mr. Moses Griffiths, justice of the peace for the county, deposed that he visited the deceased on the 20th of May, with Superintendent Jones, and a policeman named Evans. Jones took down the statement of the deceased : " On Sunday, the 12th of April last, after I had partaken of my dinner, prepared by my wife, Lydia, I became very sick, and vomited very violently and threw up blood; and each time I partook of food prepared by my wife I became sick and vomited violently up to dinner time on the 23d of April, after which time my daughter prepared my food, through the interference and suggestion of my sister Eleanor, since which time I have not vomited. I saw my wife take something out of a paper, which I believe she took from her pocket, and put it in my food twice of three times, and I vomited each time. She was standing by the window in my bedroom the first time, and in the other room afterwards. The first time I became sick and vomited. I had partaken of broth, prepared and:given to me by Lydia for my dinner. The sensation I felt at the time was a burning in my stomach ; my throat was dry, shrunk up, and burning ; my tongue much swollen; ray lips swollen and cracked; the skin on my body dry, withered, and pealing off. I make this declaration, believing that I am now dying, and will not recover." Mr. W. D. Wathan, of Fishguard, surgeon, deposed that be was called in to see the deceased on the 28th of April. He described the symptoms presented by the deceased. There was inflammation and numbness of the limbs, and various other appearances which led him to form a decided opinion as to the cause of his death ; he believed he died from the effects of an irritant poison. Bog beans act as a tonic, and are very harmless. The package given him by Eleanor Williams contained oxalic acid. Dr. J. D. Brown, of Haverfordwest, deposed that he, in company with the last witness, made a post mortem exami nation of the deceased. lle appeared to have died from heart symptoms, and the nervous system seemed to be exhausted. He could not say what caused the inflamma tion. Mr. William Herapath, analytical chemist, of Bristol, deposed to receiving a jar containing portions of the hates , . tines from Superintendent Jones. He tested its contents for poison, and found none. There was inflammation in all parts of the intestines sent to him. He had seen cases where inflammation proceeding from natural causes had caused death. Any heavy irritant poison would produce these effects. Neither in his reading nor experience bad he ever known poison to be found after ]6 days. He had received some powders from Superintendent Jones. One of them was oxalic acid ; the other consisted of oatmeal and and white arsenic. It contained 27 grains of arsenious acid and 63 of vegetable meal. Three grains of acid had been known to cause death, but it usually required more. Arsenic acts on the nerves where it has been administered in small quantities, and the sufferers die from secondary causes. In his experience he had never known so long a time as had elapsed in this case before death ensued. Mary Williams deposed that she was a servant living at Trelleys. She saw the prisoner, she could not say on what day, and prisoner asked witness for something to kill mice. Witness replied she had nothing. Hannah Nicoloa, on being sworn, said she saw the pri soner at her house on the Sunday. She heard of Dan Wil liams being taken ill that week. The prisoner asked her for something to kill mice, and she gave her some poison. She had an equal quantity left, which she gave to the po lice. Mary Jenkins deposed that she knew the prisoner, who called at the house of her master, Dr. Owen, of Trelleys, and asked witness if she had something to kill rats. Aftdr a deliberation of more than half an hour the jury returned a verdict of guilty of the in tent but not of the murder. His Lordship sentenced the prisoner to penal servitude for life. On Thursday Francis Weeks Szlumper, late clerk to the Milford Improvement Commissioners, was charged with having on Oct. 3, 1862, forged a certain power of attorney, with intent to defraud. The prisoner was further charged in another count of the indictment with uttering a power of attorney with intent to defraud. Mr. Lascelles appeared for the prosecution, and Mr. T. Allen for the defence. It appeared from the evidence that the seal of the Milford Improvement Commissioners was kept in a boa with three locks, two of the keys of which were kept by the prisoner, n an cva d ier t r b he ae tn. Loth hird by th e cha i rman, consequently the box cou ld opened b s y z h the D: c p l e e r r k a , n exceptd the chairmanthe hadpresence t wofo t sets of keys duplicates, there being six keys for the three locks. he was himself thoroughly convinced of the sound ness of the peculiar theories which were advocated by him, it is impossible to deny that owing to his special tenacity of opinion, and a peculiarity of mind which prevented his adapting himself and his system to the further discoveries and experience of othere, he constituted himself for many years an in vincible obstruction in the practical advancement of reformatory science; and that, not being willing himself to carry on a bona fide ticket-of-leave system, he has caused a powerful popular prejudice to attach itself to anything bearing that name, by the substitution of such a spurious anomaly as the granting conditional liberty to criminals on conditions which he purposely made no attempt to enforce. He had ap parently possessed himself of the idea that his pri sons were such self-acting purifiers that it was un necessary, if not impertinent, for the public to de mand any further proof of changed character in discharged convicts than the fact of their having duly graduated in his department. Giving Sir J. Jebb full credit for sincerity in the belief that his own reformatory processes were the best, it must also be admitted that he was a most assiduous and painstaking public officer, and that in many , minor respects he was a very vaiusble contri butor to the improvements in prison discipline. Sensibly alive to comment on his official conduct, he was always desirous to do that in which he lat terly so very signally failed, namely, to enlist public opinion and the press in his favour, It is owing to this, and the great desire which he manifested to enlighten and set right on matters upon which we had ourselves commented, that we are able person ally to bear testimony to his agreeable bearing and urbanity, while it enables and compels us also to state that the great failing of his mind was a total incapacity for argument. He could always give, and was at all times ready to afford a complete his tory of a case, and all the information in his power, but he could not argue upon it, and was almost in variably led to mistake reiteration for reasoning. With this paramount mental fault, he was to a great extent unqualified for high administrative responsi bility, and it explains and in some degree excuses many of his most prominent errors. By Sir Joshua Jebb's decease three most important offices become vacant, each requiring special talent, and which should never be again held in combination by one individual. They are the Chairmanship of the Board of Directors of Convict Prisons, the office of Surveyor-General of Prisons, and the Inspector- Generalship of Military Prisons. If the occasion be properly used, the removal of the late Chief Direc tor of Convict Prisons may be made to facilitate the speedy and more satisfactory settlement of a much vexed question, and if the Government neglects the opportunity now afforded it may never return. It is, under the circumstances, clear that nothing s •ould be determined on as to the chief government of the convict service until the report of the Royal Commission is in the hands of the public, and an op portunity has been afforded for its decisions being canvassed in the Legislature. WEEKLY REGISTER.—The Emperor Napoleon has just proposed a practical reform, which, if he is able to carry it out, will make him the greatest bene factor France has known for centuries. The great evil of France is too much government. Hitherto this evil has been left untouched under every suc cessive change of government. Legitimate Kings, Republics, Directors, Consuls, Empires, Citizen Kings have equally left unchanged this, which lies at the root of more than half of the social evils of Franco and most other Continental States. It has arisen more from the desire to provide places under Government for the greatest possible number of persons than from any anxiety to extend the di rect power of the Administration. Whatever has been done in France for some two centuries past has been done by Government and its officials, and the people have at length learned to look to the Go vernment to do whatever has to be done, instead of doing it themselves. We some time back pointed out an instance of this in the relief of the cotton manu facturers in England and France. Nowhere is charity more hearty or more active than in France;; yet the instinctive feeling of a Frenchman in the presence of that calamity was, "Government must do something," while the instinctive feeling of an Englishman was " I must do something." This was not because Englishmen are more charitable than Frenchmen, but because the Englishman has always been used "to administer,", and the Frenchman "to be administered." Elsewhere on the Conti nent the same system has produced the same result, a miserable system that has too generally passedifor the deepest statecraft. In truth, nothing could be more fatal. It has corrupted the people, and the Government instead of being strengthened has been undermined. In all the revolutions of late years, worthless functionaries have been the class by whom it has been betrayed. The Emperor Napoleon has shown by his late letter to the President of the Council of State, that he has not watched with an unobservant eye the affairs of a country in which it is a fundamental maxim that every man is to attend to his own business, and the Government merely to keep peace and order. According to our notion, there would be no need of Government at all, if all men paid willing obedience to the laws. Govern ment is necessary to enforce the laws, because men will not obey them unless they are enforced. According to the Continental system, Government would be necessary, even if all the subjects were saints, because they must still have it to think and act for them, and in their stead. We much fear that the public mind of France has been too much accustomed to the working of an evil system to appreciate the immense value of the reform pro posed by the Emperor. If he has firmness and courage to carry it out, he will be the greatest bene factor France has known for centuries. ATHENZUM.—The number of visitors to Kew Gardens last year exceeded that of any previous one by 70,000, mainly due to the visits of foreigners to the International Exhibition. The total number of visitors was 550,000; this multitude did no harm to the gardens, plants or buildings ; of the whole, more than half, or 267,935, came on bundays. At Kew no new buildings have been erected during the past year, but seven of the largest tropical and temperate houses have been re-arranged. Among these the architectural hothouse, near the entrance, has been refilled with aroids and other tropical large-leaved climbers, the splendid foliage and peculiar habits of which attract attention. The old orangery, built either in George the First or Second's time, has been found useless, a curious comment on the progress of botany in this country. The palm-house has been rearranged. Important contributions of plants and seeds have been received from West Africa, Japan, British Columbia, also of bulbs and orchids. The cultivation of Chinconcas in the Neilgherries, Hima laya, Ceylon, and the West India Islands is described as highly satisfactory. It is to be hoped that the medical world will derive benefit from this effort of the authorities, and not forget to be grateful to Sir W. Hooker for it. In the scientific department of the gardens the acquisition of valuable specimens has been unprecedented, and mainly due to the Inter national Exhibition having brought a vast number of the productions of all parts of the globe together. Almost the whole of the vegetable productions of our colonies is now represented at Kew. Costly and nearly complete collections from Tasmania,Vic toria, North, South, and West Australia, Queens , land, Canada, Guiana, Natal, and Dominica, have been received in perfect classification, Fine collec tions of woods from the same places, and British Columbia, Vancouver's Island, Trinidad, Cape of Good Hope, Mauritius, St, Helena, Bahamas, New Brunswick, Ceylon, lonian Islands, Russia, and Austria, now tax the space at command to hold them. Besides these, fruits from Venezuela—vege table oils and varnishes from the Messrs. Wallis— perfumes from Messrs.Piesse—preserved fruits from Messrs. Fortnum and Mason, boxwood for engrav ing from Mr. R. J. Scott—illustrations of toy manu facture by turnery; from Leipzig, by Prof. Reichen bach, jun., have been added. One of the most re markable donations is that of vegetable substanoes, illustrating the costumes and food of the inhabitants of the ancient lake dwellings of the pre-historic races of Switzerland, a highly curious collection presented by Prof. 0. Heer, of Zurich. The addi tions to the Herbarium have been very large, and include the British Herbarium of the lateW. Borrer, representing the rise and progress of botany in the British Isles through more than half a century. ACCURATE REPORTING. —Had the report of the proceedings in the Court of Queen's Bench, in the matter of Zadkiel and his glass ball, been as correctly given in all the papers as in the Daily lelegraph, there would have been no need for us to refei to that trial. Zadkiel sent us an account of Sir John Franklin, seen in his glass ball darkly, which we printed to laugh at, as an impertinent piece of drollery—act, as might be inferred from some of the re ports, because we thought it of any value. Anybody may see this for himself by turning to the Atheneum for February 9, 1859.-4thenccum. [Our contemporary the Atheneum is apparently not aware that the report of Zadkiel's trial published in the Daily lelcgraph of Tuesday, saving and excepting only the omission of a fragment of a sentence s WAS word for word the same as the report which appeared in The Sun of the preceding evening. [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Holloway's Pills.—lnfectious Ma ladies.—We are all aware that at certain times disease runs through the people like the plague of old, and all should likewise know that Holloway's:Pills can check such spread ing calamity. This purifying medicine expels from the blood and system all obnoxious matters which breed both contagious and infectious maladies—it institutes a radically curative rather than a palliative treatment. Holloway's Pills should be taken without one moment's needless delay when disordered stomach, headache, restlessness, or general feverishness betoken some derangement or debility of the frame. The true art of conquering disease lies in obeying nature, and surely quietly getting rid of lurking poisons and overcoming their pernicious effects is the safest course for the phyeicau. PORTUGAL. LISBON, July 1. His Majesty Don Luiz closed the Cortes yester day with a. speech, in which he justly conzratulated the peers and deputies upon the important measures voted during the legislative session. Some of the bills passed are calculated to effect great improvements in the country, and to give credit and stability to the present Cabinet. Autho risations for the sale of the houses and lands held by convents have been extended to those belonging to other corporate bodies ; and these sales being for a very large amount, and to be invested in public funds, will not only tend to increase the value of Portuguese stock, but the lands will, by improved cultivation, augment the national wealth. Another important law sets aside the entail of a great amount of badly cultivated property held by noble and other families, and those who have no means for improvements will find in a further bill, also voted this session, the resources they require. I refer here to the reform of the law of mortgage, which will enable the new banking establishment now on the lapis to lend money upon houses and lands with comparative ease and security at lucra tive interest, without exacting the 12 to 20 or more per cent., to which small proprietors and farmers have had to submit, often having had to fix the sale of their crops in payment of the loans, at compara tively low rates. . The King also in his speech gives the Cortes de served credit for having voted the Budget for 1863- 64, after having for several years culpably and unconstitutionally neglected to provide that very necessary check upon the public expenditure. He also congratulates them upon the proofs laid before the Legislature during the session of a gradual im provement in the revenues of the country, both from the Customs and direct taxation, Refraining from reference to other measures of reform, particularly commercial and Customs, which are long over-due, in order to accompany his Ma jesty in his eulogy and congratulations upon the close of this year's session , I must confess it has been very creditable to the Louie Cabinet that 3o much has been done after the waste of many weeks in sterile debates upon the replies to the King's open ing speech and other political qaestions raised to try the strength of the Ministry. The Ministers of Finance and Marine were new in office, and having so far proved much more effi cient than many anticipated, and the Duke himself being well acquainted with his own department of Public Works, it is to be expected that the next six months will enable them to mature the other re- forms and improvements, equally necessary for pub lic prosperity, before the opening of the session in 1864. The railroads extending from Oporto to Lisbon and to Badajos, and from Lisbon south to Beja and Evora, will then be about complete, and their accelerated movement must impel the Portu. guess to remove the remaining antediluvian ob structions to the general prosperity of the country. Portugal may indeed expect to be rich and pros perous when the grape disease leaves her ample vintages, and the extended and improved cultiva tion of her land enables her to export largely her excess of grain, instead of the large importations which have been necessary of late years. WILLS AND BEQUESTS. The will of Mr. John Gully, formerly of Marwell Hall, Southampton ; afterwards of Cocken Hall, Durham; and late of The Bailey, in the city of Durham, was proved in the London Court, under £70,000 personalty—the executors nominated being Mrs. Mary Gully, his relict ; Mr. Henry Hill, of Eaton-terrace, Pimlico ; Mr. Thomas Belk, of Har tlepool (the testator's son-in-law) ; and Mr. William Armstrong, of Erngato Grange, Durham. The will bears date 1860, and a codicil February, 1862. The dispositions are confined to the members of his family. Amongst the specific bequests is one of a piece of plate presented to the testator by the bur gesses of the borough of Pontefract, which he be • queaths to his son Richard. Besides other provi sion made for his wife, he secures to her an annuity of £560, and bequeaths to her an immediate legacy of £6OO, the selection of twenty dozen of wine, as well as some furniture and a carriage. To his daughter Eve be leaves a table inlaid with wcod from India and China. There are small annuities to a brother and sister. His real estate and the re sidue of the personalty he bequeaths equally vmongst all his children. The will of the Most Noble Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton, of Wakefield Lodge, Northamptonshire ; Euston Hall, Thetford, Suffolk; and of Clarges street, Piccadilly, was proved in her Majesty's Court of Probate, by the executors—the Most Noble William Henry, Duke of Grafton, the son ; and Mr. George Fitzroy, of Grafton Regis, Northamptonshire. The personalty was sworn under £160,000. His grace executed his will in 1853, and added a codicil thereto in 1857 ; and died in March last, at the age of 73. A provision of £4,000 is made for his duchess, also annuities for his daugh ter, Lady Mary Phipps, wife of the Hon. and Rev; Augustus Phipps, Chaplain in Ordinary to the Queen, and rector of Euston with Barnham, and his daughter Lady Maria Louisa, wife of Colonel the Hon. Edward G. D. Pennant, and sums of £lO,OOO and £B,OOO are left to their children. To his youngest sons he has bequeathed pecuniary legacies. His real estate and the residue of his personal estate he leaves to his eldest son, the pre sent Duke of Grafton, heretofore Earl of Euston.— Illustrated London News. COUNTRY MARKETS. _V __,__ ,~.._ NORTHAMPTON-SATURDAY. In this vicinity the wheat plant has made surprising pro gress during the past week, and should favourable weather continue the yield will be very good. Barley is looking better, as also oats and beans. To-day the supply of wheat was barely an average, and the demand was inactive. —White wheat, 46s to 50s; red, 43s to 47s ; fine, 48s to —s per qr. Barley, 368.t0 13s—grinding, 29s to 345; Oats, 24s to 30s per 24 stone. Beans, 37s to 40z.z. Peas, 36s to 40s per qr. NORWICH-SATURDAY. There was a shorter supply of wheat at market to-day than for some time past, prices ruled nominally the same as last Saturday, but there was little demand. White wheat. 46s to 49i 1 Red wheat 43s to 48s Malting barley ... 38s to 40s 1 Chevalier barley 36 s t o 37 s Distilling do 33s t o 35s I Oats.. ..24s to 28s Flour, 32s 6d to 33s Oct per sack from the miller. NOTTINGIIAM-SATURDAY. A limited show of wheat to-day. Business was quiet, and prices gave way about is per qr. The bean trade ex hibited new life, There was but a limited show of oats. —White wheat, from 43s to 53s ; red wheat, 42s to boe. Barley—malting, 35s to 39s ; grinding, 27s to 295. Oats old, at 25s to 31s Od; new, 22s to 295. Beans sold at 41s to 45s per qr, ; new, 37s to 425. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Horniman's pure Tea; very choice at 3s. 4d. and 4s. "High Standard" at 4s. 4d. (formerly 46. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every own supply it in rackets. Births. AitcHED—On the 25th June, at Corfu, the wife of Deputy- Commissary-General Archer, of a daughter. BOLTON — On the 27th June, at Brighton, the wife of the Rev. W. J. Bolton, of a son. JONES—On Sunday, the 28th June, at Velindre, Llando very, Carmarthenshire, the wife of Edward Jones, Esq., of a daughter. ALsToN---On the 2d inst., at 33, Lowndes-street, the wile of Francisßeilby Alston, Esq., of a son: Marriages. BLUNDELL—BARKER—On the 2d inst., at the parish church of Beckermont, George Blundell, Esq., only son of the late Charles Howard Blundell, Esq., Seaforth, and grandson of the late Captain James Harding, R.N., of Workington, to Mary Susan,younger daughter of Richard Barker, Esq., Wood Bank, Egremont. PARUAM—MASKELYNE—On the 2d inst., at All Saints' Church, Faringdon, Berks, William Parham, Esq, Bath, to Maria Theresa, second daughter of Henry Mamelyne, Esq., of Faringdon, Deaths. CLARKE—On the 24th April, at Rangoon, Loftus Totten tenham Longuevillo Clarke, Esq., barrister. at-law, of the Supreme Court, Calcutta. CRO FION—On the 26th June, s uddenly, at Malta, C o l one l Edward Walter Crofton, C. 8., commanding Royal Artil lery in that island. BELL—On the 27th June, in Edinburgh, Lucy Anne, widow of Charles William Bell, M.D. STEUART—On the let inst., at Auchlunkart House, Banff shire, Thomas Gorden, second son of Andrew Steuart, Esq., aged 11 years. I.IYDE—On the 3d inst., of typhus fevar, in his 23d year, Sidney Hyde, Esq., 31 . 11 .C.5., youngest son ()t i the late Charles Hyde, Esq., of Aller, Somersetshir e , a nd 22, Ely place, Holborn. 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