The Sun. — London, England, 1864-08-01 00:00:00

Experiments at Shoeburyness, The military experimental season at Shoebury may be said to t e drawing to a close. Of course, experimental fit ing will not cease—it never does at Sh)ebary ; the Armstrong and Whitworth compe tioii, too, is sere to drag its slow length along, till even science itself grows weary of the endless task ' of comparing minute shades of range and aecu- ' :racy at a distance of four miles. These trials are a ure to go forward as usual, but the great ' summer course of experiments may be said to be disposed of when the present week's trials are ended. Early on Wednesday next the last of a most important series of experiments with various descriptions of steel shot by 12 differ ent manufacturers will be made against iron plates. O n Thursday Professor Pole's target, which closely resembles in all its leading features of construction these on which the French frigate La Gloire is built, will be tested as our own targets are tried. On Friday a floating Warrior target will be anchored out 2,000 yards off Shoebury, and on this " Big Will," the 600-pounder, will have to prove its ac curacy and penetration at that r ange. No other targets will then remain to be tried till winter, when the value of Mr Chalmers' system as a pro. tection to forts and embrasures will be tested side by side with an ordinarily - bu ilt granite fort covered with armour-plates. This little granite fort has been a long t i me i n course of erection, an d we venture to think a great deal of money is being most needlessly throw n away in facing the surface of the stone with ornamental tooling, which must, of course, be all covered in with the iron armour when completed. As far as the competition with -various kinds of steel shot has gone, and there is nothing yet to come which seems likely to affect the broad general results already obtained, —Mr Krupp's metal has been the best; John Brown and Co.'s shot have been the next beat, and close upon Mr Krupp's, and Mr Attwood's have been the next beat to Mr Brown's. There has been, however, a wider margin between the performance of Mr. Brown's and Mr Attwood's shots than there has between Mr Brown's and Mr Krupp's. Mr Brown's metal has been very close indeed upon the excels lencies of Mr Krupp, though Mr Krupp's price per ton is, it is stated,nearly double that of Mr Brown's —a difference of cost which is in no way justified by the difference in performance. Mr Brown is supplying his steel shots to the committee at £3O per ton, while the cost of Mr Krump's metal is stated at £so—a difference of nearly 70 per cent. in price, when there is certainly not a difference of 10 per cent. in effectiveness. Judging from what Krupp, Brown, and Attwood have each accom plished, there is no reason to doubt but that the steel of the last-named maker, at even £4O per ton, would be to the full as cheap for this country as Mr. Krupp's at £5O. It must also be borne in mind that the manufacture of steel shot has only just been commenced in this country, and that even during the last few months it has been improved with such rapidity as to justify those most expe rienced in the subject in believing that before another twelvemonth has elapsed Mr. Krupp's will in this country be equalled in quality and sur passed in cheapness of production. It will be impos sible, however, to arrive with any degree of certainty at the merits of the various shot till the committee give up their present practice of allowing each com petitor a plate to himself, and then taking as their basis of calculation that each plate is precisely alike iii its powers of resistance. Nothing can be wider from the fact than the inference of an uniform standard of resistance being offered by all the pates alike; for no two of the best plates made by the best firms are ever found under fire at Shoebury to be equal in strength. To have a fair trial of the steel shot, Krupp, Brown, and Attwood should each fire their projectiles at the same plate, when it could at once be seen which was the best projectile, and whether it is true that the undoubted excellence of Mr. Krupp's metal has in these experiments been aided to a certain extent by his having to fire against a plate which is said to have been more brittle than the rest. In the face of the enormous differences which are known to exist in the resist ance offered by armour-plates of the same thick ness, it seems impossible to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion on this subject till the rival competi tors are made to fire at the same target. One important fact, however, has been ascertained by these trials—that even Sin, plates unsupported by backing are insufficient to keep out steel shot when fired from the Armstrong breech-loader with a 131 b. charge of powder. Though the competition bet ;yeah the Scott, the French, and the Lancaster gun. is still going forward and likely to continue for BOCGD time, its general results may be summed up even now. The French gun does not shoot well, and blows the studs off its shot before it leaves the muzzle. The grave defect is supposed to arise from their not being properly fitted to the projectile, and partly from the excessive charges (251 b.) used in the gun. Commander Scott's gun has a shade the better of Mr Lancaster's in range, and Mr Lancaster has on the;whole a superiority in accuracy. All three, how-. ever, are decidedly and undoubtedly inferior in both range and accuracy to either the shunt gun or the Whitworth. This inferiority, therefore, may be said to at once settle the claims of any one of the three to be introduced into the service—not that the trial has therefore been useless; on the contrary, its results have been most valuable as affording additional proof of the immense value and importance of the system of construction of rifled guns which Sir W. Armstrong has introduced—the steel barrel with the welded coils round it. Strange as it may seem to the general public who hear so constantly of the competition of rifled ordnance, it is nevertheless true that nothing has been easier from the first than to get a good system. of rifling, and it is just because the difference between the shooting of good guns rifled on different systems is so slight that these competitions are never-ending. The real problem has been to manufacture guns which would bear rifling. Range and accuracy are attainable with almost any good rifled guns—it is their endurance which has to be tried—the wear of their projectile on the rifling, the destructive effects of their shell on men, and thefr shots on amour, and, above all, their capacity to fire spherical shot, which must be used on many occasions, as well as the long conical rifled projectile. Daring the past week the trials with the 600. pounder have been continued at 5 dcg. elevation with live and blind shell to test the value of diffe rent kinds of fuses, especially those of Sir William Armstrong and Colonel Boxer, with time and per cu.ision of each. The Boxer shell, which has been designed especially by Colonel Boxer for the Whit- 1 worth gun, which until now has been without one of env kind, has apparently some slight want of Completeness in its percussion arrangement of fuse. It was this defect, and probably the sometimes un certain ricochet of Mr Whitworth's shot after its first graze, which induced the Armstrong and Whitworth Committee to allow many of the shells with percussion fuse experiments to be made against Wooden screens. These screens through which the perCussiou fuses were fired were Aef course special novelties which could not, ander any circumstances, be expected in actual warfare, and their use could only be defended on the ground that the fall results of Col. Boxer's shell could be obtained in no other manner. At any rate, these trials are not considered so conclusive f e e service purposes as to warrant the abandonment f a still more extensive series of experiments which a ye ee be made with the Armstrong and Boxer shell an d fuses. Some of these have been made with the 60 , 3e p et ander, which, having to get through its 150 p:ool rocn ds, might as well be u se d for this purpose as carols firing its charge blindly over the sands. I t i s impossible to speak definitely of these as yet small results I, o yond saying that some m a tt ers o f detail in Cal. Borer's percussion arrangements ap. pear to require t he careful adjustment whi c h can onlv",be developed and ascertained by pract i ce. There is not the slightest doubt that the same ingenuity and skill which enabled Col. Boxer to design this shell will easily enable him, with the knowledge to be derived from this and other artillery practice, to overcome the slight dee feels in its percussion fuse. Oae of Col. Boxer's time-fuse sheile, Litt; d with his percussion arrange ment, burst in the 600 pounder with 131 b. of powder, and, might have been eNpected with a wrought-iron gun it cut and indented some portions of the barrel more or less. One impression was nearly the size of a florin and almost thrice as thick. Had this wrought-iron gun been lined with a steel barrel, as Sir William wished, it would have made little or no mark at all, and, as it is, t he mere fact of a wrought-iron gun bearing the explosion of a shell loaded with 131 b. of powder in its barrel in addition to its firing charge of 701 b., speaks loudly in favour of the strength of this welded principle of construction. The same gun was also fired to test its velocity, and gave almost indenti cal results with those previously obtained from other tests of the same kind. The shot left the muzzle at an average velocity of 1,250 ft. per second, diminishing, as might be ex pected from its enormous weight, very slightly at 500 and 1,000 yards, and alighting on the target at 1,500, with a speed of from 1,090 to 1,085. The deviation from the true line of firing daring these experiments was something marvellously slight. Now that the men have 'got accustomed to this piece its loading is conducted with such rapidity that during a considerable part of one day there was only an interval of 31 minutes between fire and fire, including all the delays of cleaning, training the carriage, and getting the precise elevation. The impressions recently taken of this gun's bore sho wno perceptible increase either in width cr depth of the minute openings in the coils we have before spoken of, except that instead of being all in the direction of the coils, there are indications of their appearing longitudinally. It may and will no doubt be a long time before these affect the durability of the gun, but there can be no question but that when once these insidious fissures make their appearance, it is a mere matter of arithmetic to ascertain how many rounds the gun will stand before the gases find their way through the inner coil and then instantly ruin the piece. That it will fire its 150 proof rounds there is no question, but it is much to be hoped that after this heavy trial is over it may before further expe riments are entered on be returned to Woolwich to be lined with a steel barrel. The Armstrong and Whitworth competition pro-1 per is not expected to be resumed till towards the end of this month. Without at all wishing to de tract from the value of the labours of this Commit tee, we may still venture to express an opinion that no great importance attaches to what remains to do in this long contest. The minds of the Committee must have been long since made up as to the value of each gun as a military weapon ; they now know their endurance, can appreciate their destruc ti geness, estimate the cost of their production, and the facility with which each is likely to be pro duced when urgently wanted. What remains to try may be most valuable as a scientific experiment ; it may be interesting to know which gun at four miles drops its shot so many feet more or less to the right or left of the true line of fire, bat beyond illustrating long-range theories by actual practice there is nothing which concerns the character of each gun as a weapon of war that is not already well known. As we have said throughout, the trial has been a delusive one in limiting the size of the competing guns to 70-pounders, which are ad mitted to be too light to be of any effect against armour-plates—the only use for which rifled guns are wanted now. There are several 150-pounders of Sir William's at Shoebury, and there is one of Mr Whitworth's also, which was built on Sir Wil liam's eoil system at Woolwich. If these guns are tried, some really good and definite result may be obtained in return for the very large sum this com petition will cost the public. Unless such trials are made, scientific artillerists will regard a cora petive trial of 70.pounciers as of very little worth. Naval and Military Intelligence, The Duke of Cambridge will make a 'personal inspection of the Ist Life Guards, the Royal Horse Guards, and the 12th Lancers this morning at Wormwood Scrubbs. The several regiments will form in review order at half-past nine o'clock. His Royal Highness will be attended by ,he Inspector-General of Cavalry and a numerous Staff. Major-Gen. Lord Wm. Paula, C. 8., Lieut.. Governor of Portsmouth and general officer in command of the south west military district, will leave Portsmouth this morning for the Royal Military Hospital at Nutley, accompanied by his Staff, in order to be present at the ceremony of laying the foundation stone, by the Prince of Wales, of a memo rial cross in memory of the medical officers who fell in the Crimea. A guard of honour for the occasion will be fur nished from:tho 26th (Cameronians) Regiment, in Ports mouth garrison. A general regimental order of the Royal Artillery, pro mulgated on Saturday, state that the Field Marshal Com manding-in-Chief, in conjunction with the Right Hon. tha Secretary of State for India in Council, has directed that an officer of whatever grade who may in future be promoted to a vacancy in a brigade not belonging to the branch of the service to which he originally belonged, in consequence of an officer in the rank above him having, before his promo tion, been permitted to exchange from the old Royal Artil lery to the late Indian Artillery, or vice versa, shall belong to the brigade in which the vacancy actually occurs, and not to the brigade to which be would have fallen had no exchange been sanctioned. With a view, however, to lessen as much as possible the hardships to individual officers who may on promotion be thus compelled against their inclina tion to join a brigade not belonging to their owa branch, his Royal Highness is pleased to direct that no exchange shall be permitted when an officer stands within ten of the top of the list of the rank he miy hold. The gentleman cadets belonging to the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich aro ordered to be at their posts on Wednesday next, and to resums their studies on the fol lowing day. The Channel squadron, consisting of the screw steamship Edgar, 71, Capt. Geoffry T. P. Homby, flag of Rear-Ad miral Sydney C. Dacres, C.B. ; the iron ships Warrior, 40, Capt. the Hon. Arthur A. Cochrane, and Black Prince, 41, Capt. James F. B. Wainwright, with the ironcased ship Prince Consort, 35, Capt. George C. Willes, C. 8., and the two rams which left Torbay on Friday evening, was in the Channel off Plymouth Sound at 8 o'clock on Saturday morning under steam and canvas; wind, W.S.W., free. The weather then became thick, and the ships commenced firing, which was heard by the fishermen for two hours. The squadron was on its way to Ireland. The gunboat Trin culo, tender to the Edgar, arrived at Devonport on Satur day, short of coal, and will follow the Admiral. The Urgent screw troopship, Capt. S. H. Henderson, is ordered to be completed for sea by the 15th inst. The Urgent will bring to England one-third of the Guards now in Canada. The remainder will embark for England in the Himalaya. The Wolverene, 21, screw corvette, Capt. Da Horsey, sailed from Spithead, under canvas, yesterday afternoon for the westward. The Racer, 11, screw corvette, Commander Wray, sailed from Spithead at noon yesterday for the Mediterranean. The screw steam gun vessel, Philornel, 5, Commander Leveson Wilmen, from th® coast mast of Africa, arrived at Plymouth yesterday afternoon. The Turkish Imperial frigate Estourel, Capt, Hassan Bey, and Relepers Nusrett, Capt. Ahmed Bey, commenced dis charging their guns, shot, and ammunition, on Saturday, in barges at Purfleet, for conveyance to Woolwich Arsenal, to be stored during the period necessary for their fitment with steam machinery at Blackwell. The two officers in command, who speak English with remarkable fluency, paid an official visit of courtesy on Friday to Commodore Dunlop, superintendent of Woolwich Dockyard. The visit was returned on the following day by Commander Towsey, the newly-appointed officer in command cf the flag-ship Fisgard. Her Majesty's iron steam storeship Dromedary, Master- Commander Alexander Brown, recently returned from the Mediterranean, was on Saturday undocked at Woolwich, having been cleared of an immense collection of barnacles and seaweed, in which her sides and keel were embedded to an almost incredible extent. In spite of the numerous in ventions guaranteed to remedy the evil, every application has hitherto been ineffectual. The chartered freightship Eastern Princess sailed on Saturday fromWoolwich Arsenal for the Cape of Good Hope, laden with shot, shells, powder, and other war stores. The paddlewheel steam yacht Osborne, 2, Staff Comman der E. H. K. Bower, having filled up with coal, left Ply mouth on Saturday for Pembroke to convey the Lords of the Admiralty to Ireland. On their return thence they will probably inspect the naval establishment at Davenport. The crew of the screw steam corvette Encounter, 14, Capt. Richard Dew, at Devenport, will probably be paid off on Wednesday. Mr Alfred B. Sturdce, Assist Master Shipwright at Malta Dockyard, has been promoted and appointed to Malta Dock yard as Master Shipwright, vice Mr W. B. Robinson, ap pointed to the Chief Constructors' Staff at the Admiralty. The following appointments have been made at the Ad miralty :— Commander W. S. S. Blidzses, Commander W. Spratt, and Commander B. L. Lefroy, to be Inspecting Commanders of the Coast Guard, vice Commanders J. B. Field, S. S. Skipwith and Palliser, whose period of service has expired—Lieut R. S. Cbisholme, to command the Flamer, vice Gooch, promoted—Lieut T. K. Hudson, to the Impregnable, additional, for service in the Squirrel, vice Wright, promoted—Lieut 11. Burnaby, to the Bien heim—Lient Louis Geneste, to the Irresistible—Sub Lieut IL A. Mandeville, to the Clio—and J. B. Bradley, asoist paymaster, to the Clio. THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 1, 1864. The Late Volunteer Review, The following correspondence has been sent to us for publication : Horse Guards, July 26. My lord,—Having myself taken command of the volun teers assembled at Wimbledon on Saturday last, I have satisfaction in informing your lordship that the review passed off in a creditable manner. There were between 9,000 and 10,000 men on the ground, including 40 pieces of artillery of various calibre, fairly horsed. The force was divided into two divisions, the one under Major-Gen. Lord F. Paulet, the other under Major-Gen, Rumley. In consequence of the serious accident which had occurred on Thursday last to a man of the Coldstream Guards the medical men in charge of the patient were of opinion that no firing should take place. This seriously in terfered with the effect produced by the movements that were performed previously to the marching past. It, how ever, enabled me to look more critically into the drill of the force on the ground, and I am enabled to state that the orders issued were carried out with great attention and zeal. Battalion and company drill still require much attention, for extended movements can only be executed with success and with good effect when corps are all practised in these rudiments of the profession. There is one point to which I am particularly anxious to draw attention. The corps in general appeared on the ground in reduced numbers on former occasions, and many of them arrived so late that the Second Division was only formed just before it became necessary from the lateness of the hour to commence the marching past. Both these inconve niences must be ascribed, I think to the same cause—the difficulty experienced by the members of the several corps in leaving their ordinary avocations in time to enable them to reach the ground at the hour specified, and the impossi bility for many members of the corps coming out at all. These drawbacks would, I think, be obviated if attendance at the larger gatherings of volunteers by the respective corps were confined to three or four in the course of the sea son. In that case I cannot but think that the members of corps would be enabled to give themselves or to obtain a whole holiday from their ordinary avocations; a larger and more useful field day could then be attempted ; corps would tarn out strong, greatly adding to their appearance on parad e and to the efficiency of their drill, as it must be evident to all who are conversant with military operations that larger companies and stronger battalions always drill and mancea vre with greater effect and advantage than small bodies of men. Trusting that these remarks may be useful to the future success of the valuable movement which has now assumed so permanent a character, I am, my Lord, yours, GEORGE. To the Right Hon. the Earl De Grey and Ripon. War-office, July 29. Sir,—l have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your royal highness's letter of the 26th inst. on the subject of the volunteer review at Wimbledon on the 23d inst. In reply, I have to express my satisfaction that this review passed off so creditably, and that the orders issued by your royal highness were carried out with attention and zeal by the various corps present.-1 have the honour to be, Sir, your royal highness's obedient servant, iDE GREY AND RIPON, His Royal Highness the Field Marshal Commanding-in-Chief. and encampment during last week, at Lockinge, near Want age, in close proximity to the seat of the commander of the battalion, Col. Loyd Lindsay, V.C. The meeting com menced on Monday, aid the camp presented an interesting and animated scene —gad the proceedings lasted nearly the whole week. Ia addition to the competition for prizes,there were battalion drills, athletic sports, amateur theatrical per formances, two grand balls, &c., and Col. Lindsay spared no expense or trouble to render the meeting successful and pleasant. Quartermaster-Sergeant Clarke (Wallingford) made 52 marks at 200,500, 600, and 800 yards (which were the ranges selected), aid carried off the County Challenge Cup with a purse of LD, and the bronze medal of the Na- . tional Life Association—Private J. S. Morland (Abingdon) won a silver cup value£3o, given by the County Associa tion, having scored 50—Corporal Witherington (Reading) gained the Ladies Cup,value £2O, with a score of 49. The handsome prizes offered by the Lord-Lieutenant of Lincolnshire, Lord Ave and, for the best shots, were con tended for on Friday, tie 29th tilt, at the Spalding butt,by 60 competitors from the several companies forming the 2d battalion of the South Lincolnshire Rifle Corps. First prize a silver bowl, 25 guineas, to Quartermaster-Sergeant Lax ton, sth Stamford Company. Second prize of £5, to Cor poral Wadsley, 18th Company, Falkingham. Third prize of £3, to Sergeant Pieston, 13th Company, Spalding. Fourth prize, private Xiller, 3d Company, Grantham. more long-sighted wisdom may prevail in both countries and determine the relations they hold to each other. THE " SPECTATOR" ON MR. FREDERICK PEEL AND MR. WILLIAM COBBETT.—IB there a Bourbon among the Treasury clerks, or a Plantagenet hitherto unknown to genealogists, or a claimant for the extinct honours of Aubrey de Vere, " noblest subject in Europe ?" It surely nevsr can be Mr. Frederick Peel, of all men on earth, who drew up, though he has certainly signed, this oddest of little notices, inserted in the Parliamentary return of pensions granted this year : "Mrs. Emma Leaf, £so.—As the widow of Mr J. Leaf, who, though of humble origin, was a contributor of articles of great merit to various journals." The pension is an odd one in itself, for it has not hitherto been customary to make such grants to the widows of journalists, and the precedent is not one the country would like to see extended. It savours too much of the old relation between the journalist and the minister, the dependent and the patron, which has passed away, let us hope for ever, and suggests doubts whether the contributor of great merit who attacked Lord Palmerston could bequeath his widow to his country with quite as much confi dence as the contributor of little merit who had defended him. The Premier who gave Poet Close a pension " as a sort of Burns you know" can hardly be implicitly trusted even to criticise " leaders," would be a better judge of the: merit of a jour nalist's subject than of the literary skill with which the subject was disposed of, might even be inclined to consider the circulation of the jour nal with which his pet contributor was connected as an element in his literary rank, reward every• body on the Advertiser, the " Protestant flail" in cluded, while leaving people on the Herald to lan guish in hopeless envy. The pension itself, however, may pass, for Mr Leaf was so unknown to fame that he may have had real claims ; it is the wording of the explanation to which we are anxious to call at tention. It is, we think, the first time since the days of Homer that " humble origin" has been officially declared to be a disqualification for literary success—to add anything to the credit which at taches to the possession of brains. It is common enough to remark when a mau rises high in life that he was of humble origin, because in such cases the social distance to be covered really increases greatly the exertion required for the race, and con sequently the merit of victory in the strife. When M. Arouet dined with kings his origin added to the credit of the social achievement ; but even a Mont. morency hardly considered " Zaire" more wonder ful because its author was not born de Voltaire. Sir Robert Peel felt the former truth when he told the House of Commons it was a subject of boast for England that be, the son of a man who had worked at the loom, could stand there as Premier; but origin has not hitherto been considered among the countrymen of Shakspere and Bunyan, Cobbett and Whewell, to include among its drawbacks intel lectual impotence. The idea of the clerk who wrote that sentence, if not of the Peel who passed it with. out excision, was obviously of this kind—" The articles are very good, and he was only a tradesman's son ; quite wonderful you know ! if he had been a peer's, now, or even a baronet's son, there would have been nothing in it." He seems to have thought that " family," and hereditary wealth and status, besides conferring qualities on their possessor, con ferred also capacities, would, if the Treasury could be logical, argue in the teeth of Professor Owen that the brains of working men's sons must of necessity weigh less than those of the descendants of the idle. This is carrying the aristocratic idea into quite a novel region. Hitherto the believers in rank have been content to claim an inherent capacity for soldier ship,though the best English general was the descen. dant of an Irish exciseman; and governing, though the "son of the weaver" through life outstripped the Stanleys ; and sitting on thrones, though the son of the Corsican lawyer made of them all a pedestal for his own ; and diplomatic finesse, though the ablest diplomatist we ever had was a little clerk in Henry VIII.'s Court named Paget; and have lel such low pursuits as art, and literature, and physi cal science, and national economics to the men "of humble origin," but the concession is to be made no longer. At the Treasury it is believed that origin not only helps a man to govern—that has been its permanent creed for ten centuries—but that it helps him to think, that for a man of no family or means to write contributions of merit is a development so wonderful as to justify national grants to the lusus natures wbo accomplished it. One does not expect the Treasury to know much of literature, to be aware that its high priests have belonged indiffe rently to the "blue" and the "gutter" blood, that Scaliger, head of a consular house, a man by whose side even a Bourbon is a naves homo, was no greater than Person, son of a parish clerk ; but " a depart ment" might recollect a man who once worried it sorely, one William Cobbett, son of a little country publican, himself a common soldier, and beyond all comparison or challenge the most effective writer of "leaders" who ever lived—as much beyond Ster ling as Sterling was beyond Dr. Slop. We wish he had had the task of commenting on this Treasury return, he would have given its author what the bluest blood does not invariably secure, an immor tality of ridicule. Somebody in the House, let us say the Protectionist who, his ancestors having lived on the same Dutch swamp for a thousand years, is entitled to consider himself mossagrown, should move for a tabular statement from the Trea sury explaining its ideas about origin in the form of the "Table of precedence among men." Where does "humble origin" begin and end that it should be entered as an accepted definition in a Treasury minute? Is occupation everything, or will clear descent ba admitted as a palliative, and an excep• tion drawn in favour of men like the mason who died in Cornwall, last of the Palmologi, or like Purkis, who liven or did live in the New Forest, and whom Sir Francis Pulgrave believed to be as clearly the descendant of the charcoal-burner who lifted the body of William Rufus as the Queen is of the Conqueror ? How many generations of assured status does it take to enable a man to write a leader good enough for Treasury approval? Can a black smith's son do it, or ought he to confine himself to reporting, and leave the higher walk say to his third descendant P There is a record existing of a shoemaker's son who translated the Scriptures into forty languages, translated them so well that the worst of all was read out in Peshawur to a crowd of Afghans, who understood every word; was that, in Mr. Peel's judgment, an impertinence? Ought the learned old man to have waited till his son, a lawyer, we believe not given to Biblical inquiry, could show a brain one remove farther from the " last ?" There are differences of rank among occupations. To people so great as Treasury clerks everybody who earns his bread, from a cobbler to a chemist, may appear of the same grade, hut those incompetent persons do not agree with the clerks, and as they have votes there may be some trouble in settling their compa rative precedence, more especially as the popular feeling is altogether chaotic. A man who had risen far would much rather say lam the son of a ploughman" than " I am the son of a tailor," yet socially the tailor is uppermost. Is the tailor's son to b© permitted to write small paragraphs of news, and the ploughman's only to do penny-a-lining ? That would have been a little hard upon Burns, and even Place, who wrote plays our fathers used to admire, might have kicked at his promotion. Where, too, is printing to stand ? Is it to rank as a handicraft, and only use the scissors; or as a trade, and condense the murders ; or as a profession, and ascend to short notices, leaders and reviews being kept for the gentry ? That win no an anxious point for Lord raimerston, wno knows people as well as things, and won't be much disposed to condemn all printers' sons to the literary kitchen. What is to be done, too, about a man who sells slate and happens to be of blue blood and ruler of a vast empire, or deals in iron and is one of the few Norman nobles, or has money out of a mercery and is a respected Bishop and theologian? Such people must be allowed to write leaders, but with only one hand and one eye, which would be incona venient. We fear Mr Peel's subordinates have thrown on him a task which will worry him a little, and we would advise him next time he signs a par liamentary paper to read it, and habituate himself when granting a favour to be very careful that its wording does not convey an insult. THE "LANCET" ON THE ACCIDENT AT WIMBLE DON.—We have gathered the following particulars of the accident from inquiries among some of those who were present and rendered him assistance. The poor fellow, it seems, was stooping, with his back to the firing point, at the time of the infliction of the injury. The bullet entered hie body about two inches from the spine on the left side, between the eighth and the ninth ribs, fracturing the former, and lodged in front about the junction of the fourth costal cartilage with its rib, on the same side, where it was felt by Dr W i ostmacott mmea diately after the accident firmly wedged. When the wound in the back was explored it was found to admit readily the little finger in a channel which passed upwards as regarded the upright posture of the body, but horizontally, of course, in reference to its position when the wound was inflicted. There was at first a considerable haemorrhage from the wound, but this speedily ceased, Although the ball immediately after the accident could be distinctly felt at its seat in the front of the thorax, effusion of blood and air in the areolar tissue under the skin speedily raised a large swelling, which completely obscured the situation of the missile. The emphy sema spread gradually over the left front of the th o rax, invading also th e u pp er p ar t of the right side, but did. not go beyond this. It seems probable that the coagulation of the effused blood prevented any further extravasati on o f a ir from the thoraic cavity. Bright arterial frothy blood was spat up frequently by the patient, and this, coupled with SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. THE " SATURDAY REVIEW" ON THE HOLY ALLIANCE.—The fictitious letters which appeared in the Morning Post, and which purported to tan• fold the designs of the great Powers of Eastern Europe to form a Holy Alliance for the good order ing of public affairs and the general subjugation of democracy and liberalism, afforded exactly the ex cuse that was needed to bring the danger which threatens Europe to the notice of the English Par. liament. These letters were evidently not written by the persons to whom they were attributed, but they were as evidently the production of some one perfectly acquainted with what is going on in Euro pean politics. It was because they were fictitious that Lord Stratford de Redcliffe could elicit an expression of Ministerial opinion, without obliging the Government to utter a direct menace ; and it was because they were the exponents of actual facts that he could attribute to them sufficient im portance to make it natural that Lord Russell should formally notice the main subject to which they referred. There can be no doubt that recent events have drawn the three Powers of Eastern Europe more closely together, and that the main bond of union is the necessity which they all con ceive themselves to ba under of sternly repressing the elements of disunion and disaffection. Russia has to keep the Poles down; Prussia has to damp the energies and crush the hopes of liberal Ger many ; Austria has to tighten, if possible, her pre carious hold on Hungary and Venetia. A couple of years ago, it seemed as if each of these Powers was about to enter on a new path. The Emperor Alexander was engaged in his great experiment of freeing the serfs, and had begun a serious attempt to govern Poland through the Poles. In Prussia the Parliament seemed determined to win its way to constitutional freedom ; and Austria ap peared to be patiently labouring to realise her great idea of a central representative assembly for all her provinces. Bat the Ethiopian cannot wash himself white all at once, and a despotic Power, that has robbed and plundered and slain for generations in support of authority, cannot make itself free by a mere stroke of a pen. These Eastern Powers have been brought face to face with the rising tide of free nationalities, and they feel that they cannot bear the shock. They must crush or be crushed. They may be credited with a reluctance to appeal to the sword, and to quench all the pro mise of advancing improvement in that large part of Europe which they hold in their hands. The hesi tation of Austria with regard to Poland shows that she more especially dreads the consequences of throwing herself into the arms of the reactionary party. She naturally shrinks from the sad neces sity of always waging the same tacit, deadly con flict with dependencies at her gates. Bat circum stances are, as she thinks, too strong for her. She cannot do as she would; for her existence is so arti ficial that Veneta is necessary to it, and in order to retain Venetia she must hold herself aloof from everything that is liberal in Europe. ft is possible that Russia, and it is probable that Prussia, may help her to retain Venetia, provided she is docile, and aids her supporters to carry out their favourite projects. The increased severity of Austria to the poor Poles, and the timidity with which she appears to be ready to 'abandon her position in Germany, are the signs of what she is willing to do and suf fer if only Venetia is secured to her. Lord Russell proved from history that a Holy Alliance was an anachronism, and must necessarily fail. He spoke to an English audience, free from all personal recol :ections of the miseries which the last Holy Alli ance caused, and very glad to hear that bad things always fall to pieces without good persons stirring their fingers. But there are many persons on the Continent whose estimate of recent Euro• pean history can scarcely be so rosy, In Italy, for instance, the old Holy Alliance put forth its strength. An Austrian force marched through the kingrlem of Naples, and quenched out all the hopes of liberty with steel and fire. Lord Russell says that this was wholly futile, and that the end of it all is that Naples is a part of free Italy. If there is ono thing more than another that must make the blood boil of those who have actually suffered under Continental tyranny, it must be this Rosa Matilda philosophy of outside historians. The new Holy Alliance is sure to fail because the old failed after forty years of success. During those forty years a whole generation of Italians lived and died. They were born under a system of cruel, bigoted slavery. They passed their life in despair, or in that servile acquiescence which is more de grading than despair itself. They were ruled with the iron rod of Bombs, and were netted down in the thick meshes of a jubilant priesthood. Brave men wasted their lives in the filthy dungeons of Naples or the long death of the hulks, or were blessed with a speedy though bloody end, because they tried to undo the work which the Holy Alli ance, under the sanction of historical philosophy, had been pleased to carry ont. Able men had to lead a hopeless, indolent, mean life, because all avenues to distinction and to honest work were ...._..._ ..... _ closed.. , Mothers, who could remember that, when they were girls, Italians had dreamt of freedom, were condemned to see their boys growing up inn nimate, puerile, sheepish, and dastardly. And during all this tirao a philosopher like Lord Russell would have ezeloined to them that nothing of all they endured mattered in the least, because the views of the Holy Alliance were essentially erroneous. At last, it is true that the fabric which the Holy Alliance had raised up was shattered ; but how was this of acted? Not by the triumph of paper principles and the bloodless flow of dogmatic plati tudes, but by sheer hard fighting. It was because men gave their lives at Magenta and Solferino, be cause Garibaldi and his followers ran one of the most tremendous risks that were over faced by human audacity, that the work of the Holy Alliance was upset. And even now that the old tyranny has seemed to pass away, it has left behind it a mourn ful legacy of bigotry, cowardice, ana rchy, and fana ticism. The Holy Alli a nce i s a thing not to be philosophised over, but to be resisted ; and if it were pressed much further than at present, if a clear case of quarrel arose, and if a f a i r promise of effecting a tangible and permanent good were bold rout, there a f . mat the gang 6.....r50t wean to RoppasB that the Foe. lish nation would refuse to do its duty, or would shrink from playing a great part in a just fight against Continental despotism. It is in every way satisfactory that the first effect of the new Holy Alliance—or, to speak more accurately, of the new cohesion of the Eastern Powers —against what they consider to be to draw tighter the bonds of friendship be tw e en the aggressors of freedom , has b een England and Prance. We have owned with the utmost frankmas that we cannot do much on the Continent unless France is with us. We were obliged, it is alleged, to desert Denmark because France would not help us to make war. But France has shown herself equally powerless without Eng.. land. The Emperor has not occupied a very shining position during the last six m onths. He has seen matter:, of moment arranged at his very doors without his being consulted. His pique at Lord Russell's letter may have been justifiable, but it led him into an isolation which has paralysed France quite as =oh as his alienation from us has crippled England. In one sense, it is true, that the influence of this country remains what it was before the blun dere of Lord Russell. Foreigners like Count Bismerk may have learnt to despise the blustering of English Secretaries so long as England stands alone, and the cause of dispute is obscured with serious doubts as to its justice; but Europe has probably as great a respect for England and France united as it ever had. There are many reasons why the union should not be very intimate, and, so long as the conduct of other Powers is in offensive, we cannot help remembering that France has many projects which we ought not to encourage, and that the triumph of France is apt in these days to mean noteiug more than the triumph of Impe rialism. 1311 t still, when the despotism of Eastern Europe begins to parade itself in all its horrible nakedness, 'e feel at once how much nearer we are to France ie sympathies and aims than we are to tyranny that crushes Poland and Venetia ; and France, wits all its faults and shortco min g s, ap pears to be our surest and most natural ally. Bye gones may now be bygones, and we may permit ourselves to forget that Lord Itussell has meddled and muddled, and that the Emperor has indulged far too long in the petty luxury of a pique. For the future, we may hope that calmer een9e and a The Volunteers, The 4th Tower Hamlets, which formerly formed an ad ministrative battalion with the 6th Tower Hamlets, has so strongly recruited its ranks as to be entitled to a separate staff, and it is now made a distinct battalion under Lieut,- Colonel De La Rue. A large drill ground has been pur chased for the use of the corps by the honorary colonel, Sir H. De Hoghton, and the presentation of prizes by inhabi• tante for good shooting has been the means of encouraging the members to practise before the target, for which facili ties are offered l the acquisition of butte at Brentweect and Tottenham. The 6th Tower Hamlets, under Lieut.-Col. Money, has also lately had large additions made to the regiment, and the presentation of a handsome silver cup, value 100 guineas, by the inhabitants of the district, through the instrumen tality of Mr F. Till and Mr J. Bacon, has induced a very large proportion of the regiment to class and make them selves otherwise efficient, in order to be qualified to compete for this prize, which is to be the winner's absolute property. The cup is about three feet in height, and contains about 120 oz. of sterling silver. The Finsbury Rifle Corps (39th Middlesex) was lately in spected by Col. M'Murdo, who expressed himself as pleased with the manner in which the regiment,which is commanded by Lieut.-Col. Penton, acquitted itself on this occasion. The muster rolls show a steady increase of members since the Government grant, through which the cost of joining the regiment is much lowered, The watchmakers and other manufacturers of the neighbourhood in which the head quarters of the regiment are situated have acted very libe rally towards the volunteers by presenting valuable articles for competition, and the ladies have presented a cup, valued at £3O, for the same purpose. The prize competition of the 9th (West) Middlesex Rifles which opened on Thursday at the Wormwood Scrubbs butt, was concluded on Saturday. The chief winners of the bat talion prizes were Sergeant Garner, Private Cortnack, and Sergeant Baker. The regimental challenge cup was won by Sergeant Garner. Sergeant Grey won the officers' and ser geants' prize of £lO, given by Messrs. Snelgrove and Mar shall, and Corporal Prosser won the rank and file prize of £lO given by the same firm. Lieut. Marriner, Private Witts, and Private Bass were also winners of prizes at different ranges. The engineering inspection of the fat Middlesex Engineer Volunteers took place on the 25th ult., under the superin tendence of Colonel M'Murdo and Colonel Erskine. It con sisted first of the trial of some new small infantry pontoons which the members of the corps had made under the direc tion of the inventor, Captain Fowke, R.E. The trial of these took place on the ornamental water of the Horticultural Society's gardens, and proved their efficiency. The earth works were next inspected, and those consisted of a sunken gun and mortar battery, together with a single sap leading to a series of rifle pits on a neighbouring eminence. The battery (which was revetted with sand bags and laid with platforms, &c.) was separated from the sap by a sunken roadway, over which, as a medium of communication, the corps had thrown over a trestle bridge. Other members of the corps were, besides those engaged on the works, occu pied in tracing batteries, making gabions, fascines, &c, The rifle pits consisted of single pits and also of a chain. After the inspection the officers of the corps entertained Colonel M'Murdo and Colonel Erskine at dinner at Willis's Rooms; the honorary colonel, Sir John Burgoyne, being unavoid ably absent from London. On Saturday an encampment formed by the Ist Norfolk administrative battalion of Volunteers in Gunton-park, at the invitation of Colonel Lord Suffield, was broken up. It was formed on Wednesday afternoon, so that the Volunteers were three days under canvas. The troops assembled were the Holt company, Ensign Wilkinson and 20 men ; Cromer, Lieutenant Cromer and 11 men ; Dereham, Lieutenant Freeman, Ensign Barwell, and 42 men; North Walsham and Statham, Lieutenant M. Shepheard, Ensign Shepheard and 77 men; Downham, Captain Reed, Lieutenant Bracken bury and 35 men ; Aylsham, Captain Scott, Ensign Lombo, and 50 men ; Fakenham, Lieutenant Palmer and 15 men ; Holkham, Lieutenant Blythe and 35 men; Reepham, Lieut. C. Wodehouse, Ensign Parmeter, and 23 men. Be sides these corps the Ist Norfolk Light Horse, under the command of Captain J. Hay Gurney, accepted the invita tion of Lord Suffield and arrived with the rest of the troops on Wednesday evening, Their strength was four officers, 1 sergt. major, 3 sergeants, 6 corporals, 1 trumpeter, 12 bandsmen, and 40 men. The battalion was commanded by Colonel Lord Suffield, seconded by Major Holloway, and the adjutant, Captain Bellaire. The chief event of the three nays ror w sic a the Volunteete were eueeee r ee. -vruts o renew by Captain Ibbetson. This took place on Friday afternoon ; the troops marched past about 4 p.m., and afterwards en gaged in a sham fight. Colonel Ibbetson, who was accom panied, of course unofficially, by Lieut.-General Windham, C. 8., complimented the troops at the dote) of the manoeuvres upon the manner in which they had comported themselves. The volunteers then proceeded to dinner, which was pro vided at the expense of Colonel Lord Suffield, who was sup ported by Lady Suffield and a party of friends. After a few toasts had been given and responded to Lord and Lady Suffield and the assembled troops and visitors adjourned to a "camp fire" in the Wimbledon fashion, where songs were sung, interspersed with performances by the band of the first Norfolk . Light Horse. It was midnight before the camp fire was suffered to die out. Drill and shooting for prizes formed the staple occupation of the encampments. The principal prize was a silver cup, offered by Lord Suffield for the best shot at 200 and 503 yards. Government rifles to be used, and five shots to be fired at each range. After a well. sustained competition this contest was decided in favaur of Private Richardson, of the Fakenham Corps, who scored 31, added hits and points together. Some other prizes were also awarded, and some good practice was made. Tents were procured from the War Department, and these were fixed in a double row in the same part of the park se was devoted to the purpose last year. Near the tents accommodation Nvas provided in the shape of lava tories, &0., and not far from the observatory were the tents in which the officers were to mess, and Alen the public might obtain refre sbments. These tents were erected in the form of a square, one aide of which consisted of a very large marquee, roserved for the use of the men, and capable of affording accommodation for 500 or 600 persons. The tent appropriated to the use of the public was 120 ft. in length. Another tent of large dimen sions was used as a larder, an 1 there was a separate tent for the officers' mess. At 6 o'clock each morning the reveille was sounded, and the camp then presented a busy scene. The men turned out as the roll was called by the sergeants, and hale an hour afterwards they were briskly employed in putting their tents to rights, turning out their blankets and palliasses, and raising the canvass for the admission of fresh air. At 7 o'clock came brealsfast, then came drill and shooting—while some some of the men engaged in cricket and other arauxemente. The weather was dry and fine, but rather sultry and oppressive. The volunteers of Berke held their annual prize meeting the extending emphysema, the amphoric breathing, which could be plainly heard by the ear applied to the chest, and his state of alarming collapse, gave what must be considered unequivocal proof of a wound of the lung. On the other hand, the fact that in the course of a few hours the bloody sputa lessened in quantity and fre quency, and that the dyspncea although urgent was not excessive, gave reason to hope that the lesion of the lung was not of a very severe character. A right line drawn from the wound in the back to the place of lodgment of the ball would pass through the thickest part of the left lung and the seat of the largest pulmonary vessels, possibly also through the important vessels about the root of the heart. Now, although it is conceivable that the bullet took this direct course, and yet fortunately avoided the ex tensive injury which might seem almost inevitable, it is easier to imagine either that it skirted the wall of the chest internally, or that the lung, by offering little or no resistance, allowing the bullet to slip over its surface generally without traversing it. In either case, however, there seems little doubt that a portion—probably a small one—of the lung was transfixed. The amount of shock was excessive ; the pulse was so enfeebled as to be at times inap preciable, and for an hour or two it was doubtful whether the patient would not rapidly sink and die. Dr. Westmacott, in consultation with several volun- teer surgeons who were present, decided, and we think with proper judgment, upon leaving the ball alone. The presence of the bullet in the front wall of the chest had nothing to do with the symptoms under which the patient seemed likely to succumb, and its removal could not, at that time at least, im- prove his condition. If it were so superficially placed as to be then got at readily, such an operation could be undertaken at a future time, supposing the man lived, with much less risk of injury to him. If, on the other hand, there was any difficulty to be apprehended in its withdrawal, a period of such momentary peril to his life was an inappropriate one in which to enter upon the task. The times have gone by in which some mysterious influence and power of harm used to be attributed to the presence of a bullet in the body, and when army surgeons would risk everything, including the life of their patient, to an effort for its removal. (Some remarks in a letter recently published in the Times by Staff-surgeon Wyatt, more than in sinuating that the non-removal of the bullet would jeopardize the patient's recovery in the sequel, were unprofessional and totally uncalled for. Mr. Wyatt is entitled to have an opinion of his own, whatever it may be worth, bat he is only degrading himself in the estimation of his professional brethren when he obtrudes that opinion upon the public in an offensive letter.) The patient was placed upon the injured side to allow of the free play of the sound lung, while ice and brandy were administered to him. When the most pressing period of collapse had passed over, chloroform was inhaled with some relief to the agonizing pain in the chest, of which he constantly complained. On the following day he was able to take some beef-tea in addition to other restoratives. The expectoration of blood gradually lessened and come vomiting occurred. His breathing was 44 to 48, and his pulse ranged from 120 to 140 in the minute. On the next day he coughed up some black coagula. The urine being retained, with great spasm of the urethra the catheter was introduced twice. The patient still remains at Wimbledon, and, by our last accounts, no unfavourable symptoms had super vened. Although the risk of fatal tonmorrhage may now be said to have ceased, he has still, in all probability, to go through the trying ordeal of localized or general pneumonia with empyrema ; and it need scarcely be said that his condition is a very precarious one, although far from hopeless. On Wednesday morning effusion of blood was found to have taken place into the left side of the thorax, impeding the respiration, and pushing the heart to the right side. This effusion has not apparently increased since Wednesday, and the patient is tolerably free from pain. THE "LONDON REVIEW" ON BATHING.—Mr D. Urquhart, the champion of the eastern mode of bathing, whose writings upon the subject induced an Irish pbysiciai, Dr. Barter, of Blarney, to erect the first Turkish bath ever seen in Christian Europe, gives an amusing account of the comments made by a Turkish lieutenant of a man-of-war who, whilst smoking, was watching the ablutions of an officer of a British man-efewar, which lay near. "Allah be praised !" he said, taking the amber from his mouth ; " that poor devil wishes to be clean, if he only knew bow. See—how he dabbles, and throws back upon his face and neck the foul, thick, greasy, nasty, nasty puddle. And now he rubs down and presses into skin all that filth with a damp towel, and feels quite satisfied that he is washed and clean. Allah be praised l" But the Turkish bath is only a form or a copy of the old Roman and Grecian hot air bath, and, how charming soever may be its cleansing and restorative powers, the thought of it is by no means agreeable or refreshing in these scorching days of summer. Far more tempting are the cold plash of the ocean brine, and that peculiarly fresh and invigorating odour which comes from the open sea. Even as we sit broiling and working, with the yellow atmosphere of London stretching away over our field of vision, we fancy a faint scent of the sea breeze comes in at the open window, and intimates that a delightful " header" may be within the range of eoseibility. Unless cleanliness be ac cepted as a very modern handmaiden of godliness, how are we to judge of the piety of our forefathers ? The luxury of the heathen Romans in their baths and modes of bathing was so offensive and repugnant to Christian morality, propriety, and decency, that studied iieglect of the person became a distinguish ing characteristic of those early Christians who set themselves most zealously in pious opposition to Pagan customs. And when we remember that the ancient name of a public bath has come down to our own times as a synonym for a place of the most infamous resort, we shall cease to wonder at the long and stern contest which Christianity has been forced to wage against a sys tem of deep demoralisation fostered under the sem blance of cleanliness, and at the strange tales of the boastful negligence of washing by even eminent and learned Churchmen, laymen, and ladies of the early awl the middle ages. The plain truth is, that with the ancient Romans bathing was resorted to, not for ablution, but for luxury. Those masters of the world, when they abandoned the grim severity of the'..r republican manners, and adopted the sensual. ism and effeminacy of the Lydians and Sybarites, spent a large part of their time in baths, which they adorned with the most profuse splendour, making them shine with costly marbles and pre cious stones, with silver and with gold. Here they would sit for hours, reading, conversing, receiving fiiends, and killing time in a hundred ways of which the least objectionable was mere indolence. We have but to read Juvenal to know the corrupt uses to which the system was turned; and there can be no doubt that the vicious indulgences which cloaked themselves under a pretext of salubrity had much to do with the decay and ruin of the vast Roman empire. The strong, hardy, and withal dirty North. men seem to have extinguished the system of hot bathing in which Imperial Rome had so long re velled ; but for some reason or other it survived in the Eastern Empire—probably because that part of Europe was less influenced than the West by the example,of barbarian manners. When the Turks took Constantinople in the fifteenth century, they were as rough, unkempt, and unwashed as any Goth or Hun that ever marched under Alarie or Attila; but they were not slow in adopting the system of bathing which they found in full existence among tue people tney Lea eisequered, and it mutt be added that they were equally quick in assimilating those vices which the supple Greek had preserved through all the changes of government and religion. The Turks became externally clean, and internally, in many cases, foul enough. The exces sive stress which their faith lays upon personal ablutions made them the more ready to adopt a system which they found made to their hands ; and it has thus come to pass that the luxury of bathing has never quitted the shores of the Bosphorus from the days when the rude Thracian first softened his primeval manners to the existing moment. THE " EXAMINER " ON THE AMERICAN WAR.— Here is the old see-saw, the ups and down, the tides of ebb and flow of fortune of war. Each side has its regular tarn of series of successes, which are followed by a series of disasters. A few weeks ago Richmond and Petersburg were thought to be in the grasp of Grant, but presently Washington and Baltimore were much more seriously threatened by the Southerns. It turned oat, however, only a runaway knock. The Confederates had something better to do than to capture a capital they could not hold, and accordingly they sacked the country, and carried off a large booty for the supply of all their wants. They went with their hands empty and returned with them full, having given the Federals a lesson of insecurity. There was, probably, a bird in the hand worth two in the bush, and the capture of Washington was not quite so certain, nor the value of the capture, as the value of the booty to be carried off. We expect no decisive results from the tide of Southern fortune. We ex pect only the turn of the tide, and the turn and turn again, at least fur many a weary, waste. ful, and bloody day, exhaus tion which must be th e eut h acas i a of this detestable f struggle are e The best signs of the --e shameful shifts to which the Federals have rec ourse to en li s t foreigners. It must be their poverty i n men, consents to exp e di ents EO sco undrelly, as kidnap ping, drugging, and an d not their will , th at deceiving by false pretences. Lord Edward Howard has rendered a most timel y and valuable service in exposing the vile tricks by which poor follows are tree panned into the Federal service, Some are actually stolen to nerve in the war whose boast is anti-sla_ very—others ara tempted by wages norainall y high to go out as labourers, and a re turned ad rift on their landing with no resource for bread but . to enlist. The want of men argued b y these slat aping m eans of obtaining them, seems to us to in dicato the beginning of the end. To beg , borrow, O' • ste . al ceitii from Europe will no longer be possible, the de being exposed ; and when the war c an no lon g e r b e carried on by the intervention of foreign le vies a peace must of necessity be patche d u p on wh . at t e rms may be obtainable. We use the word foreil ;a intervention advisedly, for foreign intervention, 50 haughtily disallowed by the Federals, .most degrading shape in the foreign hands hired or impressed to fight a domestic quarrel. And these are . the . people who bawl out that they wilL et.le exists tha their differences amongst themselves, anf' l suffer no, strangers to have any part in their quar: rels. et they began by accepting the ser . vices 0t r ibald:,l the French Princes, sued for the aid of Gil and have sustained the war by swindling t he poo r Irish into becoming food for powder. e hope Lord Edward Howard has put an end to this de... cwt. ;Let it be clearly understood th at the dollar another word for eighteenpence English, and the temptation to crossing the Atlantic vanished. COUNTRY MARKETS• LEICESTER—SATnunIY. A fair show of wheat, and prices is per qr decline upo' If last week's rates. Barley meagre , and met with 113 inquiry at late rates. Beans scarce, but in good requo 36 —New white wheat, 45s to tsls ; red 40s stone. Old red, 38 s to 42 s per 36 stone. Barley, new, 32s to 34s per qr.; grinding, 27s to 30s; a l o e € 8 2 9 24s to 295; new oats, 22s to 258 per 24 stone. 13e* 3 old, 408 to 43s per 38 stone ; flour, 30s to 368 per 20 eta' ' o ,g 1 GRANTHAM—SkroRDAY. is o f An average show of whea t n( , w hich met a decl ine per qr. Barley at about late rates. Oats were scarce, 9 ,0• Cully maintained their value. Beans in favour offse 11' —Old white wheat,',46 B to 488; red, 378 t o 42s p deb new white, 46s to 49a; red, 43 s to 465. Igalting 33s to 36s per qr ; grinding , 28 a to 30s ; oats, od, b, 11 16-t 2 " 26s ; new, 22s to 24 5; beans, 37 s to 425 ; p eas, 388 to 4.1 NOTTINGHAM—SATunDAY. mad ' A moderate show of wheat to - day , with a slow (1 013 „ D at is per qr decline on late pric es . Barle y limited 1 11 51; ply, and late prices were suppor t e d. Oats met a ole , ' 40. trade at full prices. Beans were rather higher ill -4 4 9. —White wheat, from 48s to 54 s ; red wheat, 41s 0 Barley—malting, 30$ to 37s ; grinding, 29s to 308. ° 4 3 t g old, at 24s to 30s Od ; new, 19 s to 255. Beans sold at to 42s pernew, 35s to 38s. Flour, fine, 31s to 34s ; super, 35s to 408 per 20 st 000. NORWICH—SATURDAY. a lot There was a very fair supply of whe at to-day.n 8 11 bu y. week's prices must be quoted le per q r lower, e ' I ! v eil ing only for their immediate wants. In other articl. *. little passing. White wheat. 46s to 47s I Red wheat ........ 42e 4. ° 0 34 4 : Malting barley ...35s to 36s 1 Chevalier barley.••4'B " ? t Os Distilling do . 29s to 30s I Oats.. ........... Flour, 2Ss Od to —s Od per sack from the....... • YORK—SATURDAY. ilich A fair supply of wheat on offer from the fanners, v bi,, sold at is per qr less money. Grinding barley in toli, reiod demand at fully as much money. Oats very scarc e ' A ricl trade good, at late rates. Beans were in. limited abovro maintain their value. OA to , Wheat, red 3Ba to 43s Oats.... ........ 2 (38 to SS 3 White do .42s to 47s Beans ........... 35s „ to --- BarleY .24s to 28a Peas ......... ....-• .... 8 333 Malt, 588 to 60s per qr..; ryo, 38s per qr.; il off' to 34s per sack. DUBLIN—FRIDAY. to (1 i A moderate demand for foreign wheat, and -!' d co nd' t a tions made. One sample of Irish oats in ?plead' 0 , . 810 , tion, 12s asked, but no business done. Maize slo at about 6d decline. Flour scarce. m. d. s. d. Wheat, white.. 24 0 to 26 6 Do., red .. 21 6t024 0 Do., new .... 0 to 0 Barley Oats Do., black — 0 to 0 0 . d. 13. d.• , 3 0 Oatmeal ... . 10 0 , to ' 0 ..• ...... (y to -- Beans.. ..••• __ 0 oto 0 Bere ......... Rapeseed .... "'" o tot° 2 -- 0 0 Bakers' flour .. 0 ; 26 ° -to Indian corn .. 27 - 14 0 Railway Traffic Returns for the VVel3l" sec ... Pt ..-----'4 _....- Miles Opened. 1864. 1863. 1884. 5 8 2 4g 2, 6 u 8. 0 83 Belfast and N, Counties ..... 135 136 Belfast and County Down 49 49 Blyth and TExeter 20 13 Bristol and 1214 1815 Caledonian Cockermouth& Workington B4 85 Cork and Bandon 2O 20 Cork, Blaekrock, & Passage 65 65 Cork and Youghal •••• 325 27 Cornwall 6s* 53/ Deeside . 17 17 Dublin & Belfast J unction.... 63 63 Dublin and Drogheda 75 73 Dublin and Meath Dub. & Wicklow and Wexld 914 485 Edinburgh and tilasgow 173 173 Furness, &o 5O 5u Glasgow & South-Western - 198 198 Gt. Eastern,Nrfk.,&E.UniOn Great Northern 353 351 Great North of Scotland 6B 58 Gt. Northn. & Westn. (Irel.) 7ll 711 St.Soutlin. & Westn.(lrind.) 3735 329 Great Western 10564 10565 Inverness & Aberdeen Juno B6* 86* Inverness & Perth Junction 1195 - Irish North-Western 145 145 Kent Coast 27 10 Lancashire & Yorkshire 402 3955 Limerick and Ennis 241 24i Limerick and Foynes 265 26 Llanelly 4Ol 46/ London & North-Western ..• 12291 12045 London and Blackwall 5l London & South-Western Lond. Brighton, &S. Coast 261 2501 London, Chatham, .t Dover 725 72t Do. Metropolitan Extension 114 105 Man.,Sheffield, & Lincolnsh Manch. S.J un.& A Itrincham 94 - 95 hlaryport and Carlisle 2B Metropolitan 3l Midland (incl. N.-Western).. 641 Midland Gt.Westn. of 'rind... 262 hionkland 715 Monmouthsh. Rail. & Canal 44 North British, Edin., Perth and Dundee N-Eastern and Stock. & DarL 1095 North London .... -.. North Staffordshire 254 Oswestry and Newton 5O Rhymney St. Helen's Canal & Railway 52 Scottish Central Scottish North-Eastern l3B Somerset and Dorset O6 South Devon ... _.... 755 South-Eastern... . 306 Taft' Vale - ..... -... 57 Ulster Vale of Clwyd. Vale of Neath 431 Waterford and Kilkenny 3l Waterford and Limerick 77 West Cornwall 275 W. Hartlepool H arbr. &Rail- 52 NV"haven,Cleator,& Egrmnt lO Whitehaven Junction l3 Whitehaven & Furness Jun 35 FOREIGN AND COLONIAL. Antwerp and Rotterdam Austrian B2B Bahia and San Francisco Belgian Eastern Junction 26. Bombay, Baroda, & Cen. India 185 Buffalo and Lake Huron l6l Detroit and Milwaukie lB9 Dutch Rhenish .....- lOBl E as t e rn Bengal Eastern of France. East Indian ..- Grand Trunk of Canada lO9O Great Central of Belgium lBO Great Indian Peninsula 553 G re at Luxembourg 134 Great Southern of India Great Western of Canada 345 Madras Madrid, Saragossa &Alicant 650 Northern of Canada ...... •• - 4 Northern of France ...... Norwegian Trunk Ottoman Paris, Lyons, & Mcditerrn lBO5 Paris and Orleans ........... Pernam b uco ... • • 771 R o y a l Danish ................ 69 68 Sambre and Meuse .......... S ou th Austrian ... . 1527 Southern of France .......... 770 Victorian ................... . 196 Welland ...... .--....-.... 25 W es t Flanders 75 W. and N.W. of France 24 6,993 1, 1- 2 46 20,7 82 382 - 362 T 30.4 ) 329 -, 5 1,775 I . e„ 484 43 ' 1,505 1.3 6 i 1,884 1.89 0 274 17 9 3,591 3,31 4 0,504 9.24 1 3,250 2,95 6 10,756 9. 41 i 34,747 30,1 ?,'„ 35,265 30 . 8u0 1, 769 1 ' 999 2 437 18 6 11,461 8 „ 65,559 0=`,34; 1,681 L b ' 2,07 8 , 6 32 1,961 3,009 „ O p 43,370 3 v , " s s 211 59 125 1 777 750 3 3 113,403 10 • ic 2,162 2,'49 a 5 27 ;2,2 30,240 '6'271 7,718 23,333 271 7,718 ..350 2,5 a) ;,133 39,2 31 546 1,510 1 - '269) 410 , 1, 1 . ,894 2,3 9 44,529 49,3 90 428 4,130 1 441 0 9 2,61 4 2,7.2 (Di; 259} 711 4104 10791 138 394 751 306 1051 0 1 1 5 . 555 j 05° 690 2 " 0' 4 3'26 1 3,3 45 ;1'305 8,902 • 72 41 1,26 3 " 8 46 96 iii 1713 1494 77 1471 680 796 5. 285 6,17 1 75 j , 5 86 0 'sot Bi= 3 . 95 D 4.2 07 , 5, 175 27,945 ' 5, 815 5 , 600 ~4 4 5 '471 1 "197 2 . 507 3,020 ; 292 358 /, 240 839 94 3 i . j.7 0 74 79 7 7 5/4 826 9 22 866 818 31,933 29.1,,2'1 328 •`• 9 3,609 141 4 6 2,288 2. 1 v 4,517 10 :0 9 7,310 41' ' 65,484 1 5 %. 4 , 24 4 24051 1 90 ',1:4 18,078 15, 5,522 446 4,541 4•545 501 133 9,311 5,692 17 ' 442 19 1 11 2849 'J.., 56,212 53,4" 383 32 13 , 2 3 , ,6 0 13 65 090 15275.,00439204 2 5 :: :: 3 9 651 5 3 6: 8 0 321 4 2 319 4 :., 56° 155, ~ : 5 6,0,9 Births. G R ANT.— On the 29th ult., at 122, George street, Vlll burgh, Lady Macpherson Grant, of a son. LEVER.' On the 29th ult., the wife of J. Orrell Lever, °ci• of a son. M A4NBEL.—On the 27th ult. , at Preston, th e wife of t ' Mansel, 3d Hussars, of a dau g hter. 111 un cHisoN,—On the 2 8 th ult. , the wife of J. IL Al tircili' eon, Esq., of a son. Marriages. I,llro ll, 13 PAUL—EOOIO3. —On the 28th ult., at St. Peter's C h i, P i m li co , Edward John Dean Paul, Esq. , of 11.ainif_tfun-a place, Piccidilly, to Mary Georgians Elizabeth, se c °o , daug ht e r of the late Colonel Henry Vaughan Bo C.B. STUAR T—SETOITR.—On the 28th nit a t St. /iiinee' ot4; AS Pi c cadilly. Lieut.-Colonel Crichton 'St u art, 1 4 • 11 4 0 0. Gertrude Frances, second daughter of the 'tight. Sir G. Hamilton Seymour, G.C.B. Deaths. B ,;r q . ,_B O O l n i c i t c h o o r , a 2 g 7 e t h d 7 u 7 i . t . , BRASTER,—On the 28th ult , at Bradney, near Briagnortlit . On the 29th ult ,at Holloway, Vice-Admiral Brasier, aged 80. Y' BILDOCK Jo h n DaIdOCICI r) r, and ham, J.P., of Pordysburn , co. Down, aged 69. Robert Batt, Esq•, ...—__. 0 BItIGAA3I.—On the 27th ult., in London William 131: ley House, Lynam, Cheshire. CoLmultsx.—On the 27th ult ,at Dover-street, London' Robert, Nedlitllpyoungest eon of the late Sir .Nicholas Colthurs , of Brigham, Yorkehire, and Io Bart., aged 31. n nby LE a N g Ada, the thi r d daughter of Sir 111011103 'Barrett .t.sorinat ___................." .:O n n th t s h . e 28th ult., at Belling Essex,...vor_t ci, London: Prin.;ed and Fe:!felled by WILLLA.MANDit}jIT,Q. _ s of No. 112, Strand, Prin ter, at TEE Suri Office No• ' strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy,,,n the CetnitY lailtilmx,—Blondsy, August 1,186*.