The Sun. — London, England, 1864-01-20 00:00:00

THE SOUTHERN CONFEDERACY. (From the Special Correspondent of Me Times.) RICHMOND, Dec. 14. It is not t;oo early to pass in brief review the military history of the Federal and Confederate States during the current year, and to strike the balance of substantial success gained during its con tinuance by either side. lam far from saying that military operations during the present winter are finally suspended, but in my belief no immediate importance will attach to any campaigns attempted between the present time and the month of April next, unless they happen to include a large ship ment of Federal troops to Charleston, to Norfolk, or some other Southern port. It is evident that the Confederate authorities, represented substantially by President Davis and General Lee, are at this moment awaiting the developments of Federal stra tegy before their own plans for the winter are ulti mately fixed ; but, at the same time, the indications of the hour lead me to anticipate that the great campaign of next spring will not be in Eastern Virginia, but along the line stretching from Western Virginia to the Mississippi River. It is more and more evident that if ever again the Confederates are strong enough to make an aggressive movement upon the North, the route heretofore selected, through Harper's Ferry and Martinsburg into Maryland and Pennsylvania, will be attempted no more. It is seen and felt that another of the old cries which have been on both sides freely ven tilated, and still more freely discarded during this war, is " played out" in the glare of the stern experience taught by facts. " Peace must be dictated on Pennsylvanian soil" has been a strophe of the South ; in answer to which have been sung no less f a ll ac ious Northern antistrophes, affirmati ve of a vast amount of imprisoned Union sentiment in North Carolina, Arkansas, and elsewhere, and boastful of the advantages of free navigation of the ;4lississippi, which has hitherto involved the destruc tion of 20 fine steamers by the hand of the incen diary and the suspension of all insurance upon boats navigating the great river. Both sides have hugged and cherished delusions, and to a consciousness that they were delusions both sides are, I believe, awak ing. It seems to be recognised as a fact that if peace be ever conquered by the Southerners it must be, not in Pennsylvania or Maryland, but on the banks of the Ohio river. It seems to be beginning to be understood by the North that even if Rich mond, Atlanta, and Charleston are taken, the great political problem of dealing with 8 or 10 La Vendees is but commencing, and is regarded everywhere except in Washington as defying solution. The opening year found Gen. Lee's army, number ing about 70,000 bayonets and 8,000 cavalry lying in its old and proud position above Fredericksburg. It was seen that there would be difficulty in provi sioning so large an army in bare and devastated Northern Virginia, and Gm. Longstreet with 25,000 men was detailed to occupy the neighbourhood of Suffolk, to scour the counties of Virginia and North Carolina, which adjoin the Blackwater and Chowan Rivers, and to gather up corn and pork. High as is my estimate of Gen. Longstreet's value as a sol dier, I cannot but admit that disappointment was experienced in Richmond by reason of his failure to effect more at Suffolk, when trusted for the first time with an independent command. It is asserted that he exhibited inactivity in investing instead of pouncing upon Suffolk, and that he was still slower in taking up stakes when recalled by Gen. Lee to assist at the battle of Cnancellorsvills. The year, as will be thus seen, opened with what is re garded in high quarters here as a failure of Gen, Longstrcet's at Suffolk, and it has closed with another imputed miscarriage of his at Knoxville, It seems to me, however, to be forgotten by most of General Longstreet's countrymen, exasperated by their galling sense of the bitter burden of war, that even if he failed at Suffolk and Knoxville, they have to thank him and his noble troops alone for the great victory at Chicamanga and for unsur passed gallantry on the bicody field of Gettysburg. When the fact is remembered that from the first dap when he joined the Confederate army before Bull Run up to the present date General Longstreet has never been off duty for an hour, but lass faced death in every form upon the perilous edge of a thousand battles and skirmishes, it may well be that empirics who fight arm-chair campaigns in Rich mond, Washington, or London may feel themselves abashed into momentary silence. Tne first blow delivered by the Federals in 1863 fell at Charleston. Mr. Seward's despatches through cut the latter winter had mitigated the influence of the battle of Fredericksburg by loud promises to Europe of crushing damage to the rebellion in the spring, and the fanfares of General Hooker about his army as " the finest on the planet" were but echoes of Northern peens over the irresistible armada which was to pulverise resistance at Charles ton. On the 7th of April the Ironsides and her eight mailed sisters shot their bolt, and in less than two hours retired, leaving the bones of the Keokuk at the bottom of Charleston harbour. And here I may take leave of Charleston by stating that the siege, commencing with the attack of the 7th of April, has not been intermitted until the present hour. An onslaught, far mere formidable than that of the 7th of April, though less noticed by chronicles, was made against Sumter in August, after the Confederate evacuation of Morris. Island. It and all similar onslaughts laseve been unsuccessful, and although the 200th day of the siege is now approaching, and although Fort Sumter is dismantled as an artillery fortress, General Gilmore and Admiral Dahlgren are, it may confidently be affirmed, further this day from Lakin , " Charleston than they were on the 7th of April. It is true that Fort Sumter leas long ceased to be mate rial as a point to ba occupied or retained ; the Fede rals want - it for the name of the thing, and in their efforts to take it have lavished nearly as much money as England and France spent in reducing Sebastopol. The Confederates hold it with grim obstinacy, and with all the sullen pride of the Game cock State; but, as a moral spectacle, history has few sublimer scenes to exhibit than a fortress crumbling into ruin, rent by 1,000 tons of shot, with guns dismounted and buried, with casemates shat tered, yet clung to and occupied to the last by its indomitable little garrison. It has been well re marked that the illustrious defence of Jelialabad and of the Residency at Lucknow are the only , modern parallels to the retention of Fort Sumter; but it must be remembered that in the two former eases the garrisons had no loophole for escape, whereas in the latter the value of Fort Sumter has long been merely moral, and it has been held against prodigioua odds and with desperate tenacity " for the name of the thing." The interest of the operations against Charleston had scarcely died away i n April W hen the storm cloud, ridden and guided by General Hooker , burst with terrific fury upon the h ea d of General Lee. Few who witnessed from the interior of the Confe deracy the tumultuous gathering of the elements during the last few days of April will forget their fearful menace and the anxiety of that perilous crisis. There were but two men of mark in the little " Rebel" army of North Virginia, who, wh en the tempest smote them, were dauntless and un ruffled, and to them was happily committed the guidance of the Confederate bark through the eye of the storm. It is now matter of history how Gen. Lee breasted its waves, and how "Stonewall" Jackson gav e limb and life to execute his beloved chief's instructions. But for the death-wound of General Jackson and the lathes of one Confederate General, a victory as crowning as Worcester, as crushing as Marengo, 'would have rewarded Gen. Lf.7-'s heroic little army ; and though hereafter the tale of betties may he indefinitely swelled itit is m y elief Clat Chancellorsville, eonsu; c uous amon g all hi s other battles, will confe r upon Gen. Lao such forge pie D'IItIICTI gave to the great Frederick, or sli imanc a sccnred for our own immortal Wellington. Th en aro se one of those cmbarrasemente which arc i nse parable from car r y in g on w ar from hand to m o u th, and with the restricted resources at the com mand of the Confederate States. It was immedi ately determined " to carry the war into Africa,e t h e more so when at the commencement of J une the p er il of Vicksburg became patent to President Davis. For three weeks General Lee's advance into Pennsyl vania was hindered by th n imPotstbilitY of get tirg together sufficient F.npkilies to enable him to move. At last, on June the 16th, the main body of his army broke up from Culpepper Court-house, and on the 18th commenced that abnormal and extra ordinary spell of wet weather which followed him into Pennsylvania, and never deserted him until he had got back to the neighbourhood of Winchester. It is my belief that the influence upon the result of the Pennsylvania campaign of the inclement season which converted June and July into February and March was such as no pen can estimate. Moreover, if it be conceded that campaigns are influenced by such a thing as luck, I should say that fortune turned against the Confederates from the moment that they left the Potomac behind them. The unwarrantable elation which resulted from the easy and premature victory of the Ist of July, the unfortunate absence of Gen. Stuart and his cavalry, who took a wrong road between Wash ington and Gettysburg and lost 48 hours on the march, and the consequent ignorance of Gen. Lee as to the numbers and movements of his foe, the impossibility of reconnoitring the admirable posi tion into which Gen. Meade without any design or forethought of his own, was driven, and finally the mistake of delivering the main Confederate attack on the right instead of in the centre, where the ground was vastly easier of access, turned the scale against the Confederates, and forced upon the proudest army morally which they have ever assem bled upon any field the inglorious necessity of re treat from before an enemy far too shattered and demoralised to pursue. The loss of both armies, considering the numbers that fought, was certainly unparalleled in the annals of this war, amounting, I shrewdly suspect, to two-fifths in killed, wounded, and missing on either side. Of all the struggles which I have yet witnessed Gettysburg was, in my judgment, par excellence, the soldiers' fight; nor should I omit to pay my humble tribute of praise to the gallantry and endurance with which the Federals fought. The military operations which preceded the re treat of Gen. Pemberton's army into the fastness of Vicksburg are still the subject of such angry and heated discussion that I can give nothing but my own general impression of the truth. Twice in this war ou the Confederate side, and once on the Federal, have I been cognisant of battles which were lost before the first shot was fired, or, in other words, which were contested on one side by armies so devoid of faith in their respective generals as to make their defeat a moral certainty. The second battle of Manassas was lost by General Pope's soldiers, stimulated as they were to addi tional distrust in their general by the manifest disaffection towards him of General Fitzjohn Porter and others before a cannon-shot was fired upon either side. In the battle of Baker's Creek, on the 11th of June, the antipathy of the Confede rate soldiers towards General Pemberton, added to the scarcely concealed aversion entertained for him by General Loring, occasioned his headlong defeat by General Grant, and led to the further disastrous battle of Big Black River, where General Pember ton was again defeated with the loss of all his field artillery, and driven pell-mell into Vicksburg. In the battle of Missionary Ridge, on the 25th of November, the Confederates occupied lines as strong as the Federal position at Gettysburg, and stronger than the Confederate position at Fredericksburg, They were driven from them with disgraceful faci lity solely because of the deterioration of their morale consequent upon their distrust in General Bragg. Reverting to Vicksburg, due credit should be given to General Grant for the promptitude and alacrity with which he followed Gen. Pemberton's shattered army and hemmed them into the famous little bluff city. Frem that moment the fate of Vicksburg was sealed. It is idle to pretend that General J ohnston could ever have raised the siege in such a country as hedges in the rear of Vicks burg, but I cannot help thinking that he might have fallen upon General Banks and raised the siege of Port Hudson, or that he might have struck northwards and seized the bank of the Mississippi, and, acting in concert with General Bragg (then lying at Tullahoma), have materially interfered with General Grant's communications down the mighty river. It is impossible to deny that, be the cause what it may, General Grant found in the Confederate Generals opposed to him near Vicksburg great lack of energy and harmony, and that among them was found no match for the Federal comma, der in quickness, persistence, and audacity. Then followed the natural exhaustion consequent upon the strenuous and protracted exertions of both parties, and promoted by the intensity of the heat of August and the commencement of September. It soon became evident that Gen. Meade had little stomach for a fight in which he would be the assail ant, and Gen. Lee the recipient of the attack ; nor did it require much time to prove that the fall of Port Hudson and Vicksburg would prove an un fruitful triumph to the Federals. If prudence per mitted, I might tell of guerilla organisations on both banks of the Mississippi, from which no craft upon the stream fails to recr.Ave passing salutations, and of incendiary stratagems which have already wrought haves wheraever they have been essayed, and which will be fatal to the 20 addi tional steareeers which the Federals have recently and recklessly purchased at Cincinnati. It was at this moment that the eyes of all men turned natu rally to the West and fastened upon Roscucrans and Bragg as representatives and champions of the two armies which had thus far in 1863 borne none of the heat and burden of the day. Tiaen was illus trated the effect upon operations in the field of an element which to so remarkable a degree has never made itself felt in the conduct of former wars. Ten years ago the functions of a journal in time of war did not extend beyond a dry record of past transac tions and a retrospective sketch of the march of military movements; but recently the presence, in connexion with English armies in the field, of a new order of chroniclers has wafted the roar of battle home to the ears of their countrymen, and brought contemporaneous public opinion to bear upon grave questions of war and policy while the issue is still iu suspense. It is reserved for this groat civil contest in press-ridden America to exhibit two sections of the same nation engaged in fratricidal strife, lashed by the fervid utterances of a pungent newspaper press served up hot and hot, speaking the same tongue, and admitted to a knowledge of the inmost heart and much of the secret policy of their opponents by the constant and rapid interchange of journals across the Border. Never during this war have I observed the influence on both sections of the newspaper press so markedly exercised as at the moment which I am attempting to describe. It was reasonable that the Federal rejoicing over Vicks burg and Port Hudson captured and Gettysburg won should find loud expression in journals natu rally given to extravagant boasting; but it was not reasonable that a Federal General should be goaded into activity and induced to undertake deeply hazardous movements by mendacious newspaper representations that the army of his antagonist was a disorganised mob. And yet there is every reason to think that the same influence which drove General Rosencrans forward, and led him to divide his forces in front of an united enemy, brought him safely off from his rash experiment. As I have re marked in a previous letter, General Bragg had been so constantly taught by Western Federal journals to regard his army as little better than a spiritless mob without solidarity or cohesion that he and his Generals were insensibly led to vied partial credence to their enemy's statements. In no other way can I explain the escape before the battle of Chicamanga of the Federal General Thomas from the Confederate Generals Hindman and Cleburne, and of the Federal General Crittenden from tho Confederate General Polk, than by believ ing th atP, ragg's extravagant estimate of Rosencrans' ability had affected his subordinates, and induced Hindman and Polk to disobey their superior's positive commands. As it was, Thomas end Crit tenden escaped by the akin of their teeth, and General Rosencrans, taking timely alarm, showed marked ability in rapidly concentrating his army before the Battle of Chicamauga • but before the preliminary action of th e 1 9th Sep tember a new element was annexed to the array of General Bragg in the person of General Hood, scarcely recovered from his Gettysburg wound, w h o , with arm in sling, handled his gallant division to perfection, and seenreci a success which produced in no slight degree the more decieive triumph of the next day. On the night of the 19th a tower of strength was if Red in General Longstreet, by whom, rates over the Federal army in Virginia, that Gen. Lou gstreet still clings to East Tennessee, that Gen. Johnston is infusing new life and heart into General Bragg's army, and that he is backed by all the aroused strength of the most powerful of the Con federate States ? Besides, the obstacles which from the commencement have hampered the Federals in their strategy are as actively operative as ever. No Federal army has as yet succeeded in getting far away from its water base; their enemy has con stantly moved upon an inner and concealed line of communication. It will be possible next spring to throw Longstreet into Georgia or Virginia at a mo ment's notice, and without the knowledge of his op ponents. Early in next year another important link in the interior line of railroad communication con necting Richmond with the South will be finished, and Danville, in Virginia, united with Queens ou The Legislatures of e b a o e r hs g t h a , in N tainthorethcoCnafreodleirnase.y have recently been in session, and have dissolved, breathing threatenings and slaughter against their hated foe. In the Le gislature of North Carolina —the State which, of 'ill others, is held to be most deeply imbued with Union sentiment—there was a motion for offering to the North proposals for peace u p on th e b as is of independent State action, but only two members voted for it. The Federals have, it is true, what the lawyers call pedis possessio in Tennessee, but it has taken nearly three years to give them a gain of little more than 100 miles intersected through out their length and breadth by two large and con venient navigable rivers , and in the end the sen timent of the large majority of the population re mains bitterly hostile to them. All the best and bravest of the Arkansians are fighting in the field —most of them, like Arkansas' adopted son, Gen. Cleburne, in the army of Gen. Bragg—and because, out of a population scarcely exceeding 400,000 souls, of whom one-third are slaves, there are not found men enough to hold the soil against a few scattered Federals, it is claimed, forsooth, that Arkansas is oyal to the Union ! STATE OF TRADE, and by whom alone, the conspicuous victory of the 20th was reaped and garnered. It is still my opinion that the failure to gather in the full fruits of chat great success was one of the most lamentable of this war. The record of the military operations near Chat tanooga during the remainder of the year is not such as to inspire satisfaction iu any loyal Confederate breast. The effect upon Federal strategy produced by the Battle of Chicamauga was marked and im mediate. Grant was promoted to the command, vice Rosencrans, " decapitated,' Sherman and 20,000 men were fetched up the Mississippi, Rooker and two divisions brought from Virginia; the Federal grasp:upon Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, and other States was relaxed, or altogether withdrawn General Banks's expedition to Rio Grande was undertaken by so inEignificant a force as to make any attempt at the subjugation of Texas, with its 237,321 square miles of area, an extravagant farce. But it is doubtful whether, before the junction of Sherman with Grant, starvation would not have forced back the Federals into Tennessee had not the Confederates permitted General Hooker to wrest *rom them Racoon Mountain, and to open water communication with the famishing occupants of Chattanooga. From that moment there was little wisdom in General Bragg's clinging to Lookout Mountain and the valley which divides it from Missionary Ridge, and had he established his lines slowly and at his leisure upon the latter height, bringing all his artillery safely off from Lookout Mountain, he might have defied Gen. Grant, though outnumbering him two to one. But just as the Federals were attaining their greatest strength Longstreet, with the best third of Bragg's army, was sent away to Knoxville, and Grant was lured on to an attack by the bait of his opponent's long and weak lines. The sequel is known to your readers ; but, in spite of the discomfiture on the 23d and 24th of Nov., I have not a word of apology to offer for them when driven on the 25th from one of the strongest lines which I have seen in this war. The best that can be said for them is that their enemy's lines, two and three deep, and backed by a powerful reserve, were stretched in alarming pano- Could some power bestow upon President Lin coin and his advisers the gift of seeing themselves as others see them, what a picture would their handiwork, as road in this once happy and fa voured continent of North America, present to their view ! A broad belt of devastation sweeps for hundreds of miles along the frontier which separates theexasrerated combatants, and within its precincts fire and sword and havoc and rapine have done their worst. In no other words can the desolation of Northern Virginia and Tennessee find such forcible exposition as in those of the prophet Joel :—" That which the palmerworm hath left hath the locust eaten, and that which the locust hath left bath the canker worm eaten, and that which the cankerworm hath left hath the caterpillar eaten." Behind, a gloomier vision ascends. The whole land groans with dungeons and bastiles—in the North 34,000 Confederates, in the South nearly 20,000 Federals languish in imprisonment—in both sections an un known number of suspected and often unoffending civilians and women pay the penalty of impu ted opinion. In the North, Johnson's Island, Forts Warren, Lafayette, Dalawarre, and M'Henry, Camp Chase and Camp Douglas are words of terror known throughout the civilised globe; in the South, Castle Thunder, and the Libby Prison, Belle Isle, Danville, and Americus are choking with pri soners, and there is a cry for increasing- prison accommodation. Where, it may well be asked, will it all end Is the precarious tenure of Tennessee, which may be wrested from him any day, and which is substantially all the success which his armies have gained this year, suf ficient to justify President Lincoln in continuing the anguish of so large a portion of the human race for yet another year! rama before them, that they were greatly outnum• bared, and that a chronic distrust in General Bragg (whether well or ill founded I cannot venture to say) had sapped their morale. The Federals gained little beyond the pieces of artillery which they had lost at Chicamanga by a victory which they had drawn heavily upon their resources to secure. An attempt directed by the characteristic energy of Grant, to press heavily on Bragg's rear was severely chastised by Gen. Cleburne,, who won golden opinions upon Nov. 25, and while covering the beaten army's re treat. All attempts to take advantage of his suc cess by Gen. Grant are plainly abandoned for this winter. Atlanta is still 138 miles distant from the nearest point to it accessible by water. The great State of Georgia is thoroughly aroused and awakened, and I have this day been assured by one of the Sena tors that Spring will see every Georgian from 16 to 60 in the field, ready to dispute to the death every inch of the difficult ground which separates Atlanta from Chattanooga. The movements undertaken during October and in the first week of this month by General Lee's army in Virginia indicate that General Meade still considers himself no match for the Confederates in the field. In October Gen. Lee's advance towards Washington was the signal for Gen. Meade, in spite of his large numerical superiority, to make au alarmed and rapid retreat. In December an ad vance across the Rapidan on General Meade's part brought General Lee promptly to his front, when the Federal commander, wiser than Burnside at Fredericksburg, shunned the battle which was offered to him, and slunk off across the river in the night, The day before Meade's retreat Gen. Lee called a council of war, and advocated an instan taneous attack upon the Federals, who were about, as he conceived, to slip away from before him. But it was the unanimous opinion of all the other Con federate Generals that Gen. Meade, having crossed the river in search of his enemy, would be com pelled to nit lek him when opportunity offered ; and Gen. Lee consented to wait until the next day before commencing his attack. The morning came and showed that his enemy had flown. The operations of Gen. Longstreet against Knox ville, though baffled for the moment, will inevitably lead hereafter to material results, and it is my be lief that the Federals will not be left in un dis turbed possession of E est Tennessee during the winter months. My anticipations that Longstreet, if forced to abandon the siege of Knoxville, would have no difficulty in getting away unharmed, were fully and satisfactorily realised. It is understood that his force is lying near Rogersville, in Hawkins County, Tennessee, between the Church and Hole sten Rivers, and in a country which yields abun dant supplies for all his winter requirements. There is no indiscretion in revealing, what has hitherto been regarded as a secret, that General Joseph E. Johnstone will immediately assume com mand of the army lately commanded by General Bragg, and the relations between Generals John ston and Longstreet have always been as happy as those existing between the latter and General Lee. It is, as I stated at the outset, my confident belief that upon Generals Johnston and Longstreet will fall the brunt of the spring, and not impossibly cf the winter campaign. I should not omit a word in commendation of the ability, energy, and steadfastness with which Gen. J. E. B. Stuart has conducted the arduous opera tions intrusted for the last four months to the im portant arm of the service which he commands. An opportunity of comparing the cavalry commanded by Gen. Wheeler and that which obeys Gen. Stuart has taught me to appreciate the manifest superio rity of the latter General and his men. It cannot be denied that the extravagant estimate of the prowess and capabilities of cavalry entertained at the begin ning of the war, and especially among the Confede rates, has long been found to be a delusion. Let not the reader imagine that the irregular cavalry of this continent, whether Federal or Confederate, will bear a moment's comparison with the trained squa drons of Europe, or that as an item of strength in battle they can be counted on and trustingly em ployed. It is as scouts and reporters of the opera tions conducted along the interminable length of frontier country now devastated by war that their chief utility lies. Occasionally in this branch of the service there is tossed to the surface some daring partisan leader, about whom for many coming years such stories as were lately heard about Tarleton and Marion will be repeated round many a fireside. Such a representative man on the Confederate side was Turner Ashby, formerly a citizen of modest life and retiring disposition, but whose local fame, forced in the hotbed of war, scarcely yielded in lustre at the time of his death to the star of " Stone wall" Jackson. Such a man at this moment is Major Mosby, the most daring moastrooper who has yet ridden on raid and scoured the border, who seems to have permanently established himself within the Federal lines, and to swoop at will upon sutlers, pickets, quartermasters, and newspaper re porters with impunity and audacity not inferior to the Alabama's, as she pursues her unchecked preda• tory flight, and kindles the flames of her victims upon every sea. It passes, I confess, my wit to discern how, con sistently even with his o Fen view of the truth, President Lincoln can so modify or distort this re• sums of the military incidents of 1863 as to employ the language which, in his recent singular Message to Congress, has flowed from his pen. What does ho sce to justify him in talking about pardon to rebels, who laugh either at his mercy or his severity, and who have in the field 1,000 pieces of artillery, and more than a quarter of a million tried and hardened soldiers ? 'Why offer admittance into his union of any insurgent State whichexhibits among one-tenth of its population (slaves included) Union sentiments, and how will the issue bo affected if putative sena tors from South Carolina and every other. Southern State take their seats in the Congress at Was,hing ton ? Why does not Mr. Lincoln admit upon the same terms representatives from Ireland or Cuba, when it is susceptible of proof that he has as much control over both as lie hue over the State of Ala bama? Can he deny that the year closes with marked evidences of evperiority possessed by the Conft)de- THE ALLEGED MURDER AT HITCHIN. Yesterday morning Samuel Wabey, aged about 33, and Joseph Harmer, aged 14, were brought up before the magis trates at llitchin, charged with stealing LS or £9 from the person of Edward Foreman on the niEht of Monday, the 11th inst. Thos. Currell, a labourer, the first witness exa mined, said he left his house about 25 minutes past 7 to go from Gosmore to Preston. At the bottom of Preston-hill ho saw a man lying on the righthand aide of the road on his right side, with his feet towards the palings and his head in the roadway. He said, " Vi alto up I dont be lying here." The man did not answer, but breathed hard as if snoring, and the witness thought he was drunk. After he had left him about 10 minutes, and had nearly got as far as the Chequers public:house, he met the two prisoners. Wabey went on with the lad (the other prisoner) towards Gosmore, and the witness the other way towards Preston. Fredk Sharp, of Preston, saw Mr. Foreman en the evening of Monday, the 11th, just after 7. He was riding in his mule cart by Preston, and the mule was trotting when he passed, but about 50 yards further of ho went faster, and witness I thought the animal had broke into a gallop, and it seemed to keep on so far as ho could hear it go. Samuel Brown, a grocer at Gosmore, said he left his house on Monday evening about 7, and after going about 500 yards on the road to wards Hitchin a white mule or pony and cart passed very fast. He had to jump into the ditch to get out of the way. There was no one in the cart. Maria Harvey, of the White Horse Inn, Hitchin. said that on Monday evening the pria soner Wabey came to her home and had a pint of bear, of which he drank part, and thee ordered another. He offered a sovereign in payment, but de had not change, and asked him if he had any s maller moray to give her. He gave her a shilling, saying, "If it's hewn they'll say I've got too much money." Mary liingley said that the prisoner lived in one of her husband's cottages. He owed back rent, which he was paying up in weekly instalments, and on Monday evening he called and paid her 6s. about 9 o'clock. Superintendent William Pangbourne stated that on the morning of Tuesday, the 12th, ho r ec eived information of Mr. Foreman's death. He to Wabey when he was taken into custody, that he was charged with the robbery, and he admitted that Carrell had met him and told him the man was lying drunk in the road, but that he (Wab e y) p assed d o wn there and saw no one. Witness told the boy t he char g e separately, and he made a similar statement to that made by Wabey. On Sunday morning last witness went to Wabey's house and saw his wife. He asked her as to a sovereign which, he had found out she had changed, and she produced an umbrella she had bought and said she had only Is. 6d. more. She refused to say where she got the sove reign. Witness was upstairs at that time, and there was a woman's dress hanging up in the room which the prisoner's wife owned to be hers. She said there was nothing in it, and witness felt in the ordinary pocket but found nothing. On a more minute examination, however, he discovered a small pocket under ns the band app aren tly made for wrapped the pur pose, in that pocket there were fou r eovereig, two up in one piece of rag and two wrapped in another. There was also a receipt for 10a. she had given a Miss Marks, in part payment of an old account, on Tuesday morning. Police-constable Young deposed that by Superintendent Pangbourne's orders he searched the house minutely, and under the bed found a slop jacket, which the prisoner Wabey's wife said belonged to her husband. There were marks of blood on one sleeve and inside the band. The witness took the jacket away. It was shown to Wabey, who said he had wiped his nose, which had been bleeding, on it on the Monday, while he was at work. On Sunday afternoon the boy said to witness " We did meet Curren, and he told us there was a man lying at the bottom of the hill, and when we got to the bottom we saw him and stopped. W a bey touched him and said Halloo P He did not move or speak. Wabey gave me the tools he was carrying, a hay knife and needle, and the man at that time was lying on his face. 'Wabey turned him over sad said, '(I don't know him.' Wabey put his hands in the man's pockets, and told me to go on. I went on two or three yards. , I saw him pall something out of the man's pockets, and he came then running after me and said, I have got the -- money.' The man's face was covered with blood, and the ground was very bloody. Wabey did not knock him or kick ' him." The prisoner Wabey said, " The last statement is quite untrue." The boy immediately said, "It is quite true what Mr. Young has said, and I told him so." Mr. Super , intendent Pangbourne asked for a remand, as that was all the evidence he was prepared with, which was granted. No HOME complete without a WILCOX AND GIBBS' SEWING-MACIIINE. Simple, compact, efficient, durable, and noiseless. Warranted to fulfil all the requirements of a perfect family machine. Prospectus free on application at No. 135, Regent-street, W.—[ADvT.] [ADVERTISEMENT.]—ConsutaptiOn, all nervous, bilious liver, and stomach complaints, in every stage, are only ag gravated and accelerated by drugs of every description, but perfectly curable by Du Barry's health restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, as proved by thousands of cases which had been considered hopeless. lVequote a few.—Cure No. 62,914. Miss Lange, 18 years of age, cured after the medical men had abandoned all hopes of her recovery from the last stage of pulmonary consumption, with fearful cough, expectoration, exhaustion, spitting of blood, perspirations, hollow cheeks, emaciated to a skeleton. She h now, thank God, a perfectly healthy, blooming, fleshy girl—N. Lange, Commissaire de Police. •Cure, No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley Siirrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial deafaess.—Cure, No. 47,121. Mtion, iss Eli z abeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indiges gatherings, low spirits, and n ervous f Fancies. Cure Norfolk, , No. 54,816. The Rev. James T. Campbell, , o f indigestion and torpidity of the liver, which had resisted a ll medical reattnent. In tins, 11b, 25 ed ; 21b, 48 ed ; Sib, 11 s ; 121 b, 22 5; 241 b, 40 s. Barry du Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London ; also Fortnum and Mason ; and all grocers and chemists in every town of the Vatted Kingdom. THE SUN. LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 20, 1864.• MANCHESTER, Jan. 19.—Unfavourable commercial and political advices have almost paralysed the yarn and cloth market. In shipping yarns the amount of business done to-day has been very small, Offers have been made for considerable quantities for China and the Mediterranean, but at prices too low to lead to business. Some trade yarns are apparently flatter than those suitable to shippers, and vices have declined more in proportion. Sellers say there has been scarcely business enough to test prices, and that the irregularity prevailing among spinners renders it almost impossible to state with accuracy, or in fact so as not to mislead, what the extent of decline has been. One of our leading mercantile houses states the decline in cop yarns is equal to Ad. per lb. on all descriptions, as compared with the rates of last Friday. In the cloth market buyers have been keeping quite aloof from business, and have not even been making offers. Under these circumstances it is diffi cult to arrive at a correct quotation of prices, but there is no doubt that if sales had to be pressed they would have to be made at a considerable reduction on last week. The chief cause of depression is the state of affairs between Denmark and Germany, added to which the fears enter tained as to the alteration of discounts exert no inconsi derable influence. The impression before alluded to in our trade resorts as to the future prices of cotton also continue to affect business in the market. It would be seen by Mr. Farnall's and Mr. Maclure's reports to the Central Executive Relief Committee yesterday that the number of applicants for relief in the week ending the 9th inst. had increased by upwards of 10,000 persons, owing to the closing of mills, and there is reason to fear that the number will go on increasing for some time to come. Well informed people say that the number thrown out of work for some weeks to come will exceed anything that his yet taken place. At Stockport one of the largest mills in the district is going from six to two days per week. At Blackburn it is estimated that 5,000 looms are about to be stopped. f Accrington, Darwen, Stalybridge, Ashton, Glossop, Hadfield, and Mottram, and many other places, spindles and looms are likely to be stopped altogether, while a great addition is likely to bo made to those on short time. On all hands we hear that trade does not pay, and that spinners and manufacturers in many cases are becoming too impoverished to continue their present risks, Messrs. John Stagg and Co. report of the cloth market of this day :—" We have again to report a very inanimate market, buyers appearing more than ever determined to do as little business as possible. Prices are nominally the same as on Tuesday last, and wo make no change in our quotations, bat it offers were made for quantities, no doubt some concessions would be made by sellers." LEEDS, 19th—There has been a moderate attendance at the cloth halls this morning, both of buyers and sellers, but the market was very quiet. The weather, being wet and sloppy, operates against the spring trade, and to-day's pur chases were chiefly miscellaneous, no great quantity being taken of any particular class of goods. This applies to business in the coloured cloth hall. In the white cloth hall a moderate amount of business was done in mediums in the balk state. There is no change in the report from the manu facturers in the outlying districts, most of whom keep well employed. Goods and wool alike keep steady. The flax trade is steady, and a geed demand is experienced for yarns and thread. BARNSLEY, 19th.—The linen trade just now is fully as brisk as it has been for some months past, and for several description of goods there has been a very fair demand. This has been more particularly the case with regard to sheetings ; some of the manufacturers, however, not having a superabundance of the required reeds and healds, and there being no certainty of the demand continuing, they have not given out so much work as they otherwise would have been warranted in doing under the circumstances. The damask trade has been dull for some time past, owing in a considerable degree to the continued high price of yarns, Huckabacks, glass-cloths, and common diapers aro in moderately good request, as are window-ticks, for blinds, of cotton and worsted warp. Little or nothing doing in shirtings and bedtickings. The latter branch of the trade would appear as if it was leaving the town alto gether, judging from the little done in it. There has not been much done lately in drills by the hand, while by power there has been a tolerably fair trade. Crumb cloths have risen considerably of late, and there is every prospect of prices remaining firm. Drabbets have improved, while there has been but little doing in the fancy trade. Most of the handloom weavers are tolerably well employed, but the class of goods on which they are engaged being of low qua lity the amount earned by them is small. Bleachers con tinue to be well employed, not being altogether dependent on the town. NOTTINGHAM, 19th.—There was a rather better attend ance at this Exchange-hall to-day, but the demand for lace yarns was quiet. A small share of business was done, and recent rates may be quoted. The demand for hosiery yarns was also inactive, and the sales made were at former terms. Silks remain at the old prices. As the season advances it is expected that rates will advance. There was not much de mand for brown nets, and prices are without any material alteration. ROCHDALE, 'lBth,—There has been more animation in the flannel market to-day than for some works past. A fair amount of both plain and fancy goods were sold, and rather more business was also done in Yorkshire goods. Prices are steady and firm. The wool market was notbfislc, but prices are well maintained by the dealers. Manufac turers buy cautiously, and mostly to supply their immediate wants only. MURDER BY THE GAROTTE, Yesterday afternoon Mr. H. Rallies Walthew, the Deputy Coroner for Middlesex, resumed an inquiry at the George the Fourth tavern, Green-street, Bethnal-green, respecting the death of Matilda Moore, aged 54 years, who died from violence committed by a man unknown. The deceased was the wife of a corn chandler, or No. 96, Green-street, near Victoria-park, and on the night of the 26th of March last, while in her husband's shop, she was attacked by a young man, apparently about 20 years of age. He seized the de ceased by the throat and robbed her, but after he had gone the purse and money he had taken, with his coat and scarf, were found on the floor in the shop. Tho neighbours, who were alarmed by Mrs. Moore's screams, rushed out of their house to assist her, but the man escaped. David Hughes, 111 K, said that he recollected passing the house on Thurs day evening, the 26th of March last, about half-past eight o'clock, while on duty, and seeing a crowd standing in front of Mr. Moore's shop. He asked the cause of the dis turbance, when he was informed that Mrs. Moore had been robbed by a man who had gone down Green-street. The witness went in pursuit of a person running away. Upon reaching Cranbrook-street, near Twig-folly bridge, he lost sight of him. The witness returned to the house, and ascertained that a young man had been to Mr. Moore's shop to make a purchase of some oats for a goat, After selecting the best sample he rushed at Mrs. Moore, who was alone in the shcp, and seized her by the throat. He took her purse away from her, but afterwards throw it at her. She seized him by the sleeve of his coat, which came off in the struggle, Ho also left a red-coloured scarf in the shop. A full description of the delinquent had been circulated, but he had not been discovered. One young man had been apprehended, but Mrs. Moore (the deceased) could not identify him. He was accordingly discharged. Sergeant Unstin, 3 K, said that ho had been engaged in the case, and although he had received the coat and scarf from Mr. Moore he had not been able to get any clue to the man, who had a sear under his left eye, and wore eyelet-holed books. Inspector Driesen, of the Bethnal-green poliee-sta tion, stated that he had employed a full staff of detectives in the case, but could not get any clue to the suspected person. He had seen the deceased several times before her death, and she had said to witness, "If I were to see the man I could not identify him." Dr. Moore, of Charles-terrace, Bethnal-green, said that he had made a post mortem exa mination of the body, and found the windpipe considerably thickened. One of the thyroid glands was very much en larged and inflamed. Portions of the trachea and windpipe were ossified. The lungs were also dilated from inflamma tion, and the heart was double its natural size. The other .organs were perfectly healthy. The injuries were no doubt the cause of death, and had been inflicted by violence or great pressure upon the windpipe. After some further evi dence, the deputy coroner remarked upon the extraordinary nature of the ease, which, in his opinion, was clearly one of wilful murder. The jury unanimously agreed with him, and the foreman said it was their wish that the deputy coroner should write to the Homo Secretary, with a view of getting reward from Government for the apprehension of the of fender. A verdict of wilful murder against some male per son unknown fur killing and slaying Matilda Moore was then returned, and the deputy coroner said that he would at once communicate with Sir George Grey on the subject. The inquiry then terminated. SCHOOLS OP DESIGN.—" The collection of watches shown byMr. Benson is a large, and at the same time an in teresting one, and considerable attention has been paid by the exhibitor to the decoration of the cases. Many of them are extremely elegant in the design, and were the results en- of prizes offered by Mr. Benson to t ke pupils of the South K sin ;ton Schools of Design." —Morning Post, Sept. 29, 1162. Chronometer, duplex, lever, horizontal, repeaters, centre seconds, keyless, split se conds, and every description of watch, adapted to all climates. Benson's illustrated pn s ma phlet on watches, free by post for two s tamps, contaia s h or t history of Watchmaking, with prices, from 3 to 200 guineas each. it acts as a guide in the purchase of a watch, and enables those who live in any part of the world to select a watch, and have it sent safe by post. Prize medal and honourable mention, classes 33 and 15. J. W. Benson, 13 and 34, Ludgate-hill, London. Established 1749. Watch and clock maker, by special warrant of a ppoi n tment, to !MIL the Prince of Wales. THE CHARING- CROSS RAILWAY.—At the Lord Mayor's Cour t, y esterday, in' the case of " Gooch and Cousins v. the Charing-cross Railway," a sum of £3,500 was awarded as a compensation for premises in the City required by the company. THE ACCIDENT TO THE SHIP FORMBY.--it will be gratifying to shippers of goods in the Formby, bound from Liverpool to Calcutta, and which had put into Lisbon, to know that the vessel is "all right." A despatch received iu Liverpool yesterday (Monday) says:- - " Pumps freed; timbers cleaning for survey; complete repairs in a week; makes no water in port; at sea doubtful.", SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—The magistrates of Derbyshire have re plied in a spirited letter to Sir G. Grey's comm-a nicErtion of January 8, and urges the propriety os' further inquiry into Townley's case. A grave protest of this kind from a responsible body charged with judicial functions is a very different thing from noisy allegations of partiality and injustice. We are willing to give the Home Secretary due credit for resisting the popular clamour against the execu tion of Wright. The petitions on his behalf, though nominally founded on the merits of the case, were notoriously inspired by an illogical notion that, un less Wright were spared Townley ought to have been hung. The truth was there was no similarity whatever between the reasons alleged in mitigation of the two sentences. Both murders, it is true, were committed in a fit of passion, though Townley's crime was probably the more deliberate of the two ; but the plea of insanity was raised in the one, and never suggested in the other. This fact alone con stitutes a broad and impassable distinction, but a far more important difference remains to be stated. Sir G. Grey had, or believed himself to have, no discretion as to respiting Townley; while in cons muting the sentence of Wright he must have acted on his own sole responsibility, contrary to the opinion of the judge. In declining, therefore, to flinch from the performance of a most painful duty, and still more in silencing with becoming dignity the hints of mob law which mingled with appeals for mercy, he deserved the respect if not the gratitude of the ' public. It remains to be seen whether ha wilt show equal firmness in dealing with the wholly indepen dent and still more difficult question now submitted to him. That question is in substance whether the reprieve of Townley is to be considered final, or whether his sanity, and consequently his liability to capital punishment, is still a proper subject for inves tigation. In support of this conclusion the Derbyshire magistrates allege several arguments of very un equal force. They object, first, to the Report of the Commissioners in Lunacy, not on the ground that these gentlemen were deficient in any qualification for their office, but because their proceedings were ex parte and secret. Why, they ask, should an inquiry affecting life and death be less public than one which concerns property only ? To this it might be answered that the defect, if any, is in the law, and that Sir G, Grey did not employ the Com missioners as judges, or even as assessors, but only as the advisers of his own conscience. It is needless, however, to dwell upon this point, for although one passage in Mr. Waddington's first letter would seem to imply that the removal of Townley to Bethlehem was consequent, in some degree, upon the Commissioners' Report, a reference to the Re port itself shows that a contrary decision would have been justified by it. The Commissioners, speaking psychologically, " cannot consider him to be of sound mind ;" but they expressly observe that he acted throughput quite consistently with his depraved views of right and wrong, " and with a full sense of what they involved." They record their deliberate opinion that he was justly convicted at the trial under the rule of law laid down by Baron Martin, and that any slight difference that has been remarked in his mental state since the conviction has been an improvement. We think the magistrates are fully entitled to quote thisdocu ment as a confirmation of their own view, and that for the present purpose they can well afford to waive any exception to the Commissioners method of pro cedure. The next issue which they raise is far more serious and practical. Granting that the Home office acted, not on the recommendation of the Com missioners, but on the certificates signed under the Act 3d and 4th Victoria, cap. 54, how far were these certificates valid, and what is their legal effect ? It may be true, as the magistrates state, that the second of those certificates, being forwarded from Derby after the order of respite had been re ceived, cannot have been the motive which pro duced that order. This may throw a doubt upon Mr. Waddington's accuracy, but does it impair the validity of the certificate itself as an authority for acts afterwards done in pursuance of it? The sta tute says that it shall be lawful for two Justices of the Peace, with the aid of two physicians or sur geons, to inquire into the insanity of a prisoner, and that it they shall duly certify his insanity it shall be lawful for the Secretary of State to direct him to be removed to a lunatic asylum. These conditions were fulfilled when the second certificate came into Sir George's hands, and though the reprieve may have been sent off on receipt of the first, the only question now is whether the warrant for his con finement at Bethlehem was subsequiont to the receipt ering of this of the second. Such being the true be,. etsSeetes matter, we may pass over the alleged techiSihai flews in the first certificate—viz., its being dated on a Sunday, and its being signed by borough ma who had no jurisdiction in a county gaol. b W. doubt whether either objection could be sustained, but if the Home Secretary takes his stand on the second certificate, neither can arise ; whereas, if both were set aside, it would still be possible for l'own ley's friends to procure a third. Nor can we go into Ihe circumstances tending to show that the certificates, or either of them, could never have been procured had the object of them been known to the visiting justices, and to one of the medical men who signed them. We entirely believe, and have always believed, that Townley owes his hairbreadth escape to the adroitness of his solicitor—in other words, to " means accessible to the rich, but inaccessible to the poor." It is an advantage of which those who can command money and poesess devoted friends cannot be deprived ; all that the law can do is to see that it is not abused. In our judgment, the magistrates suc cessfully dispose of the precedent of Clarke, which Sir G. Grey adduced to prove that no such in equality could exist. What they have not done is to exhibit clearly the strongest ground upon which their demand for a fresh inquiry may be rested. The same Act, and the same section, which pro vides for the detention in a lunatic asylum of a criminal found to be insane after his conviction prescribes also the limit of that detention. He is to remain in custody " until it shall be duly certified to one of her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, by two physicians or surgeons, that such person has become of sound mind, whereupon the said Secre tary of State is hereby authorised . . . to issue his warrant to the keeper or other person having the care of any such asylum • • . directing that such person shall be removed back from thence to the prison or other place of confinement from which he or she shall have been taken." There can be no reasonable doubt, we presume, that the intention of this clause is to provide for the temporary incar ceration of a criminol lunatic, and to place him, whenever his sanity she ! . l have been ascertained, in precisely the same positioSa as to punishment as before. A lunatic who was sane when he com mitted murder deserves hanging ; atid the only rea son given by BlactOne,d or that can )!,'e imagined, for not carrying out the sentence peisding his malady is, that the infliction of death upon erne no longer capable of making his peace with Heavon would be a public scandal. ' Now, we have these facts before us. The jury, the judge, the surgeon to the gaol, the governor of the gaol, and Sir G. Grey himself concur in affirming Townley's legal insanity when he murdered Miss Goodwin ; and we may add that his own letters were not only most sensible, but utterly inconsistent with the theory of the defence. We have also the most positive testi mony, including that of the Lunacy Commissioners, that he was, to say the least, not less sane after his conviction than at the date of his crime. Persons already committed to a belief—let us assume an honest belief—in his insanity took upon them selves the task of certifying in his favour. Their certificate was contrary in its tenour to that of the Lunacy Commissioners, unless the insanity which they meant to attest was of that kind which the law does not recognise. Is Sir G. Grey, who has emphatically declared that the capital sentence is " respited but not commuted," precluded from issue ing, or rather is it not his duty to issue, a new Com mission of Inquiry, and to act upon the result ? This is the question which he has now to consider. We think, with the magistrates, that the aid of Parliament should be solicited to prevent such a miscarriage of justice for the future, but no altera tion in our system could be allowed to affect a pri soner retrospectively. We have to deal with Townley's present state of mind according to the present law. When the letter of it was strained in his favour the Home Secretary felt compelled to obey it ; will be scruple to enforce it when the letter and spirit are alike invoked in the interest of public ustice ? _ _ _ ----- POST: The demands made by Austria and Prus sia have, as we anticipated, been rejected by Den mark, and the ambassadors of the former Powers are reported to have quitted Copenhagen. That the Danish Government should have refused com pliance with the ultimatum submitted to it by Austria and Prussia is not surprising; but one can not help expressing some astonishment at the extraordinary precipitation with which the latter have suspended diplomatic relations with the Danish Court. The Dario- German dispute is of long standing, but only five days have elapsed since the two leading Statee of the Confederation took its management into their own hands. So lately as Thursday last the Austrian and Prussian represen tatives proposed to the Diet to require from Den mark the suspension of the November Constitution, and, in the event of refusal, to occupy Schleswig. It now appears that immediately on that proposal being rejected, the Cabinets of Vienna and Berlin instructed, their representatives at Copenhagen to make, in their names, a similar demand. On Saturday the ultimatum in the form of an iden tical note, was presented by the Austrian and Prussian Envoys to the Danish Government, and two dap were allowed for consideration. The time b expired on Monday, when, the Danish Cabinet for- merly refused to comply with the demands of the the two Powers, and thus within fiv e days from time when Austria and Prussia assumed an lod e " pendent attitude diplomatic relat ions between hen? and Denmark haee been completely seependea' Now, however hostile the two Great - P o wers roeY r 1° be to Denmark, it is impossible on that ground explain the extraordinary eage rness they ha° manifested to make the quarrel wit h that king tlie , d° 131 . , a personal one (so to speak) with themselves Tether surn i n than with the German Confederation. As that their sole object was to crush Denma rk ' I : stands to reason that that object 3,vould be mor, easily attained with than without the assistana c are the other German Powers. Austri a and Prussi the most powerful States in the Confederation, but their military strength is not so overvebelniti ing as to enable them to d es p ise the 0180 ante which the other German Powers are in the a to grant. We must conseouent l i a little farther to discover the explanation of O d e ; singular course which they have now Par s e u i e e d Their chief object undoubtedly is to be aria,' " to to act independently of the Confederation, nriguto make the casus belli completely independent °A Ili vexed question of succession. Th e y have for t •eg intimated that they will not com mence host•Rrii.. before the Ist of February ; but although this ' l3 I . mation would indicate an apparent desire upon th_c'e part to afford an opportunity for n e g otiaton, ra stanc. v t o cannot fail to observe that under no circu could they be in a position to assume the offensi,lat before the end of the present month. Oa `slst basis the German Powers would propose that negotiations should be entered into it is itopos si do to affirm, though from the nature of the detoo°6, hitherto made upon Denmark there can be no d i „. culty in conjecturing their object. It is, howe l v o i the attitude assumed by the English Gove r u n lig. at the present crisis which, not only for ti' e w ill putants themselves but for neutral States, ,ed possess the greatest interest. It has been sugg e :eo that negotiations should be set on foot of °f; basis of the grant by the Danish Government • common constitution to the Duchies of Schlesol and Holstein, on condition of the recogniticrisbe the personal sovereignty in those Duchies 0 . 1 prf Danish King. It is, however, scarcely necess•'; for us to say that negotiations on such a , b i tis in as this must prove fruitless: This wont" , 0 fact, be an entire compliance with the Ge r°3 o o demands, and it may fairly be presume d '` t e- Denmark would refuse to concede to the soli!: to , tions of friendly Powers what she has refuse Jere yield to the threats of the Confederation. that nave on more than one occasion pointed out the German Powers have not the shadow' °ot right to demand what would virtually 011 " et to a disintegration of the Danish monareliPt;oe would no doubt be well worthy of the c onsider of the Danish Government whether, in resPTi e s. c onstitutional privileges, the inhabitant s of of wig and of Holstein—and, for that matter, °` sam e entire monarchy—could not be put upon the satbig footing; and we threw out a suggestion t? effect a short time since. Bat it is an entire l Ytiois ferent matter to require that an atnalgotci: for of the Duchies should be made which w°a,-,`"eish all practical purposes, sever them from the vThe monarchy. We cannot, therefore, see in this ltitote posal a means of arriving at a peacef ul s°lllthet The Danes would regard such a course es cold suggested as one of political suicide, end "„,eed reject it accordingly. Again, it may b e fairly —gecli what consideration is offered to Denmark Oriole a conceseion. If it be the recognit ion o sag sovereignty of Christian IX. in the Duc hies ' that such recognition is no consideration %tee The sovereign rights of the Danish Sovereig nl oaf Duchies are already assured by forma l treatl , or tir unless treaties are henceforth to be treated as W OO less, it surely cannot be suggested that, Ye a s r ,, s fe - a or they have been concluded, bribes must be cc• - ""lie, sacrifices made to secure their observance' ts, claims of Christian IX. rest upon the Tre,°„lllo 1852, and it is not open to the signataries treaty to suggest that he must divide his k i° ,7o of in piecemeal in order to enjoy th© barren 10°' ruling over its fragments. COUNTRY MARKETS.' ---_,, SHEFFIELD—TuEsDA.Th de ill There was rather a large show of grain, but tile I g or , wheat ruled dull, and prices declined is to 2s Per, o 4 0 1 ' The holders of barley and other spring corn ask" o lsl - 11 I/ vance of 2s per qr ; this checked trade, and eve ° limited business was done at is advance:— t 0 1 5 4 01 Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial bushels...lss 0d tO ig; 1) P White .17s 6(1 New red 58 63 t° l ' S6 e l 1 ..1740d 10 ~56,. New white ~ 1r . I li Oi Beans ), I, . 4os Od to,t is Oa Peas, per qr Grinding barley, per qr .......... gs o O d d t t ° o . 3 siOtt o Malting ditto, Oats Flour " , Is id : ........ 1: ........ Per : .. 1:4:11;r: °a' ''''" 2413 ib ThTehwerheeawta trade e g o t o o L d - E d s a l y o D h w: osTuTgervea:i nsvlFroityt a decline of is per qr would have been submitted .'"iet6P millers could not be induced to buy except on a In e Ybe 3ll ' s scale. Barley a little easier to purchase. Oats ii" without change. --- MARKET HARBOROUGII—TvESDAIr' 4011 e. b o y v, w a a n t d er a tr lti,, a . : o s g o il .if 6 s' , 138 White wheat,.42s to 44s ; red, 38s to 41s Per o :3 Bs to Malting barley at 358 to 37s per qr.; grinding/ ~`,) g per' per 30 st. Oats, old, 24s t 0.275; new, 18,3 to at. ; beans, 36s to 408 per qr. LIVERP OL—TUESDNY- a , 90 There was a moderate attendance of town "e" O pelP s 'j country millers at market to-day. Wheat at tb e d 0, rt, mot a brisk inquiry, chiefly from speculators, 5 1 :! da i 11 0 m ss oet d a towsi and oatmeal vaet f fully y l e l y as llo 2 mw d e o ts v aa e l r esu t h lal onspricesSalo, pp y r i e:s ia tifeo ei t t t p toar o F b p u r l i o s c u i e n r: holding latterfully over-30s v e 6 r d — p 3 e o r s load cd t l o o lower. fo l r n m d e t o r zee e ' o e Friday's decline. Foreign Mail Packet IJist• __--40---- . IS' MAILS DUE. ,Fe b '' V. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton. ''''' felP , via Marseilles ......... febtg, Brazil and Cape Verds, by British paelte. ...... :JO. 1, Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Ileien3Vel.o, China, Penang, and Singapoio, via SoutbaraptoP.•,ter. via Marseilles •• J 0 Falkland Islands ...... 'ail' .. D. Gibraltar, via Southampton ............... a . e ~' India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via SoutharoPt° %PO 0. via Marseille 6 " ,16 0 * ,1.. India (Bombay), via Southampton......... 'iall. 3• ..... . • ,t3b. via Marseilles .............. .r Portugal.... ...... ............. Jan' i Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton ... • /to:: ... via Marseilles ..... ••• J a , " Newfoundland ...... ~..,. jail. Oporto and Vigo .. U. S. and British N. America, by iii . i . t . ..l) .............. ',lan 2S. by U.S. In' c o eclO t 'veh. I°' by Canacl isllP .*-04. 11 ' W.C. of Africa, Madeira and Teneriffe ...... •.. ',.'" li 2 6 ' Bahamas, via New Y0rk............... ... 0 ' . 0, ................................. • 13'0, All parts of West Indies, including Chi l ' . .... Caliternia. and British Columbia.... fr o. _ _ _.--7--- ----", -nAlt DI CRYSTAL PALACE.—ONE SIIILLIN" ."'", . Bit pnt 2, 00.4 ' day, Jan. 19,—Admissions on paYrd— '.,, drill'ro season tickets, 961—total, 2,963. anent an tpre [ADVERTISEMENT.I—HoIIoway' s °ltl E ked 11 i t 5 11 1 0 015e8: ' Experience.—The question is often tt_,, rm ieg _ re stf from humours, abscesses, and other ti a lf!,, st ~,d sn oo p " What treatment of my malady is th e 5 1' jute 00t 1- cil r'y The unsolicited testimony way's Ointment and Pills as the most •° r e con3l37eater 11 tive means. The drugs of which they a- d alt ° '' ted P f ' ' . ' highly purifying, very strengthening, 7 ,„ ag o A;a0 0 . jurious. The Ointment, when applied to 1 : 1 • . the '' ee nr!„' counteracts all bad humours which are f etf, i 7v at% /9 11 0 , and poisoning the system. The Pills . _ P i i:: e ` g ii, ia ,,n 'ciot t ° frame. Many malignant diseases, Nvill e !'„ t h e ir eti'goce r° of th°usimci!lPiable eft 4 ; l j l tied f f ., ° , and curable form, have been stopped ' - ,d 01 09 course by these invaluable remedies, s ' , have succumbed to them. --- --- _.— - . _ ------- Births. I n pq Goo' Cony.—On the 19th inst., at 4, Gordon-P"'' square, the wife of William Cory, of a son. , WO; 01:JTII13ERT 0 . n the 18th inst. at 6, Cuthbert, of a daughter. ' f ifi f • wife o' Clifford -Wee', LANDER.—On the 19th inst., at Peokham+ th e " W. Lander, Esq., of a daughter . Sfl k tau PATTEsON.—On the 19th inst., at . 3, 000-P3r- -5 0 ° - ti Isionensington-gore, the wife of J. S. Patteso, 1 Marriages. .; t ro,Ti el to' BROOKER—PART On the 19th fast , at...,t73•1/1 14.P.:f0 Commander Edward Wolfe Brooker, 841.1 ' Part , A '' Alice, younger surviving daughter of James of Camden road Villas. at, sty e of the 18th inst., at Cantle'', 11 _.:,,0, i t 'b caster, the Rev. M. J. Finch, M. A., to COW; pOl widow of the Rev. S.W. Hall, of Wolircton 1 1°11 ' Lancashire. Deaths. 1.,•g Gravel AutorE.—On the 16th inst., at Blair castle, .1- B George, sixth Duke of Athole, 1C..T.. aged 49. 0,0100 ntoos.—On the 17th inst., at Great Yarnout% Briggs, J.P., aged 83. lii Ole S Cox.—On the 18th inst., at Hale, Totten'ham TV T , Cox, Esq., aged 60. lat e CRAMP.—On the 16th inst., Francea relict of tbi!, g 8• Cramp, Esq., of St. Peter's, Isle of' Thanet, age,,,,,' 00 0 IlAnuisort.—On the ISth inst., at CainberWell, '''' .. t. widow of Anthony Harrison, aged 93 cler sts A1e0r1,84., a STAPYLTON.—On tho 17th inst., in Westbourne-park, Robert Martin Stapyltait P 73 • cfr W O , tic , Plr ' ( l , ELD.—On the 16th a t at Lulworth .04, pt shire, Hon. Mrs. Weld, relict of Joseph We .0' ------------- -- -- --- t AND° i fq , Louden : PrinZ , ad and rublisbed by WILLIAD..._ p lo, ' t ot No. 112, Strand, Printer, at DIE SO Officeopory Strand, in the Precinct of the 3avoy, In the *icidleeex.7.---Weduesday, January 20, X6Ol. TV : at tvi taDit! 41 ,0( itt t, or i t ,' ,the fil j4COI, ti or f, (Li mit Rohr ~) ,;.., kb' e t ' 11 h e 4 t t l e Ti