The Sun. — London, England, 1864-01-29 00:00:00

11 - 1, 6'04 ItltE, CARP TS, PE I) DING, rand ti le kiLL2°IteLOTIT, CARRIAGE-FREE to any house in i:)f),,i, •Totri, regardless of amount or distance. First class ci,,,,,4, second-class prices. Terms peculiarly , liberal t(? ro rn ": o l ftel and Gentlemen. An immense st(l2l, to t Evil.:..T l aYed M Sliowrcoms occupying an acre of ground. It -`;,,,are respectfully informed that 11! , s . srs. Cobb tt and i p pu an for e l n s t n ire l l N y e r r ga i l D M F i t o i n ins o t f ra t t h e e eir yun }h'l4lllo- - warranted. IqSl:,•"il.llElikand GENTLEMEN ABOUT. TO d e z iri ,.. e _APflbli j ai sf kdate';'‘'Z,e9Tvimrs of every description of Furmatffirae and Post.b." e r On yrtn prices attached. A copy sent t complete . a pplication. This costly work also gi contains cce:_ estimates for furnishing on the following revised A Six-roomed Parsonage An Eight-roomed ditto A Tea roomed ditto 1 ,,.... A Twelve -roomed ditto otv;apier veith a ?rice List of purified Bedding, and a mass tarpet ti , able Inf brmationto all requiring Bausch )1d furniture, i i npn ~cor bedding. References kindly perrnitt , el to C er_ny ctileCsltZentltinen in or near Groat stalver - . l ' i Sou k a m i tt -r h i , Well s o e r . fury, Ely, Preston, Grimsby, L. tai we ' r 'pm. Brighton, Gainsborou2t, M . 3. Y r d g e a ' , te. midder- St Am. ! ,i, ellington. Croydon. Cambridv, a , lis, D . _or , k , l . n , g, 1 4 e tex l', 11 s, Worcester, Iwich, Peterboroiktil..S. 1, a,..1il '-'! li ritain 4nl ' and above 500 other places in all parts of tizeat bra ~ 1., radon _.___2,_lELf,l-I,,EI„TT d CO., Genera House Furnishers, Deptford- SIiAM fr om 1 h . ni LONDON to ?ENV YORK. (Li tit e British and American Steam Navigation Company 8 , p1e h ,, e ,d,) will D ESPATCH one of the undermentioned levr-iolurki:a.....st Scrov Steamers TWICE EACH MON TII for VV ' 1 : 1 0 Tons. Horse Power. -1:.r.„ ......... 2 500 sco ..... Capt. GLOVER. t 4.1 "LINSTER . . 2,500 ::.• • s'o Capt. Coucif N.. LIN ot.:Wm. b .. ....... 9 500 ‘ , ..1t. .. -, • • I apt. HAnnis. Th e ,,,, ...... 2,500 ..... 500 .. Ekolll4. A I nlagnificent vessels are unmrpassed by any ocean ,: et e wirilner, and have accommodation tor passenger r s r ill Ilarcli. : I I ev ery comfort. The Line will commence announcement. 40 10,a , the exact dale to be fixed in a latter p in the Victoria Docks. Altr°,,,rlrht or passage pply to the Company's Agents, Laming an dCc., - 70, a Cornhill. •-..._______ ry n , rillE LUDGATE-HILL VIADUCT. 1r I~H UNION FIRE AND LIFE OFFICES. Th e NOTICE OF REMOVAL, thtr_yfreCtors hereby 01 -e notice, that, in consequence of ktir-ut w ediate extension 'of ‘ the London, Ch ,tham, and Dover p b esce a rr t ' t ,,, , Y will in a few days vac ite their offices No. 0, -',E3lll;''Qew Bridge-street, and remove to their NEW uailu ar No. 29, Fleet-street, E.C, Y2B 1864. R°VIDENT CLERKS' MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION. Established 1840. 'll lO , TRUSTEES. Esq , M.P.Geo. Prescott, Esq. h• 'atlceV, , M.P. I Baron L. de Rothschild, M.P ation now . numbers more th n 7,0:0 members of Tt, • 01 society. The .1.1.-tnual Income exceeds £58,000 kon.invested Fund exceeds , I Pes have been added to the participating j t coseuctes to the extent of lOO,OOO ket...PriSes all the best features of purely Mutual Assur- P le ntorn - Y of Manacrement. ei tY of Accounts rilotness and.Libe f C rality in Payment claims. Do 4 cial attention is cirected to the system of Paid-up 4,tur.il:' which all loss is avoided on discontinuing an l'he w e nti i ., 4l,l are prepared to appoint active and influential qief 0-21 aces where the Association is unrepresented. 'Cos, Moorgate-street, E.C. January 1 1864. WM. THOS. LINFORD, Secretary. RE • ,vINTAGE WINE COMPANY (,`,ces S v p7,t , Y the Public at a small advance on wholesale 41 1. '"u every description of Wines and Spirits. Terms, bE - T EE • „'▪ INTA GE COMIDA SHERRY .. at 18s. per doz. T HE , s7 v TNT AGE CH 4 M PAGNE Trit i _ NTA GE CLARET ......... 1 s. 4 fr e t dip,, ,LAT AGE PORT f r o m 20s. ~ " tn l lted Clerictl Testionials, together with the Illus t fre,'orNe Almanac, containing full detailed Price List, LI application. 11, /31 oOrt P Gur Dozen Wine sent Carriage Free. sbury-strset, 4 doors south of Oxford -street. No. 22,338. Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., _ . WOMAN'S RANSOM. L By the Author of " Grandmother's Money," &c. "An excellent novel, full ofincident, rich in well conceived and well drawn types of character, and written in vigorous Enl4llsh. The reader will follow the story to the close with unfailing interest."—Herald. Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street. Now ready, in 4to , with maomificent emblematic cover, de signed by John Leighton, F.S.A., price 215., or in morocco, 31s. ed., THE ILLUSTRPATE INGOLDSBY LEGENDS, from Sixty Originil Drawings by Cruikshank, Leech, and Tenniel. " There could not he found a more pleasant book than The Ingoldsby Legends.' A series of humorous legends, illutratcd by three such men as Leech, Cruikshank, and Tenniel—what can be more tempting?"—Times. *** The Library Edition, in 2 vols., Bvo., with the Or'ginal Plates from Drawings by Cruikshan, and Leech, price 21s. Also, an Edition without Illustrations, ss. ; or, printed on toned paper, 7s. 6d. Richard Bentley, New Burlington- street. rOLBURN'S NEW MONTHLY MAGA TINE. Nj Edited by W. HARRISON AINSWORTH, Esq. Contents for FEBRUARY. No. DXVIII. I. Africa laid Open. 11. William Makepeace Thackoray. In Memoriam. By Nicholas Michell. lIL Won Over; or, the Countess and the Jesuit. By Mrs. Bushby. Part 111. IV. Marcus Junius Brutus. By Sir Nathaniel. V. The Ascent of Mont Buet. VL Drinking Song for Europe, 1891. By Cyrus Redding. VII. The Gentlewoman. VIII. Strathmore ; or, Wrought by his Own Hand. By:the Author of "Granville de Vigne." Part VIII. IX. Etienne Mehul. X. A Chant for the Prince born January 8,18 A. By Mrs. Acton Tindal. XI. The Quest. Chaps. I. and 11. XII. France and its Journalism. Chapman and Hall, 193, Piccadilly. B ENTLEY'S MISCELLANY. The FEBRUARY NUMBER contains JOHN LAW. By WILLIAM HARRISON AINSWORTII. Book I.—Chaps. I. to . 11. Mr. Grimshaw's Little VIII. Lear's Fivefold Never. Love Affair. By Dud- By Francis Jacox. ley Costello. Chaps. IX. The Camp at Chalons, XXIV. to XXVI. 111. The Army of Algiers. X. Charterhouse and its IV. Six Weeks at Hunsdon Founder. By W. S. G. Manor. Part VII. XI. The Cossacks. By Dr. V. Count Ugolino of Pisa. Michelsen. VI. A Town Full of Mad People. By Alexander XIL The Swiss Mother. By Andrews. J. E. Carpenter. VII. Consolation. From the XIII.The New Duke of Danish of Trans Chris- Schleswig-Holstein. tian Andersen. By Mrs. Bushby. London : Chapman an d Hall, 193, Piccadilly. NOTICE. —The THIRD EDITION of "THE THEORY of the FOREIGN EXCHANGES," by GEORGE J. G °SCHEN, Esq., M.P., will be ready in a few days. London : Effingham Wilson, Royal Exchange. THE TRIALS OF THE TREDGOLDS. The New Novel, by DUTTON COOK, Author of " Leo," may be now obtained at all the Libraries and Book sellers, in 3 volumes, post Bvo. London : Sampson Low, Son, and Marston, 14, Ludgate hill. This day, at all Libraries, in 2 vols., THE SMUGGLER By GUSTAVE AMIARD. CHIEF. *** "Decidedly the author's best novel, and it stands alone in the dexterity with which the female characters are delineated. Every one will be satisfied with this work." London : John Maxwell and Co., 122, Fleet-street. This Day, in Two Vols., Dein) , Octavo, 325., F ORTY YEARS IN AMERICA. By THOMAS LOW NICHOLS, M.D. "Few men in America have had wider or better opportu nities for observing the Life, Progress, and Disruption of a Great Nation than Dr. Nichols has enjoyed for nearly half a century. He has resided in twenty-three States, and is per sonally acquainted with the most influential men of all parties. From an impartial stand -point he sees events clearly, and in these volumes he gives the world the results of Forty Years of American Life.' " London : John Maxwell and Co., 122, Fleet-street. INTO TIC E.-MADELEINE GRAHAM, the New Novel of Life and Manners, by the Author of " Whitetriars," will be ready at all Libraries, in 3 Vols., on Feb. 1. Price 31s. 6(1. London: John Maxwell and Co., 122, Fleet-street. BEAUTIFUL FOR EVER. MADAME RACHEL ON "FEMALE GRACE AND BEAUTY." Just published, A 1300 K OF BEAUTY. By Madame RACHEL. To be had at 47A, New Bond-street. Price 2s. 6d. THE WELLINGTON THREE SHILLING DINNER, consisting of Soup, Fish, Entrée, Joint, Sweet, .tc., is served daily from 3 to 9, and on Sundays from 5 to 8.30. Private Rooms for large or small parties. JOHN CATES, Manager. The Wellington, St. James's-street. Entrance, 160, Piccadilly. CANTERBURY HALL.—THE GHOST in the MAGIC FOUNTAINS, surpassing any of the Trans formation Scenes cf the Season—one of the most beautiful effects ever produced. The scene, " The Tempest ;" Ariel, Miss E. Townley. The flight of Ariel through the Fairy Fountains is certainly a triumph of art.—Vide Public Press. All the other Musical and Pictorial attractions of the Estab ishmant as usual, including Operatic Selections, &c. ; Comedy by W. Randall, G. Ilutchenaon, J. Jester, T. Macla: gan, Miss Nelly Power. &c. Admission, 6d.; Stalls and Balcony, Is. Open every Evening. ROYAL ALHAMBRA.- Another GRAND CHANGE of PERFORMANCES. —FRANCOSPS CIRQUE IMPERIAL still continues to attract most fashionable and crowded houses.—First week of the asters Irma and Mathilde Monfroid, the only accom plished female riders in England—Jules Perez, the star rider of the world—.J. S. Case on the magic wire—Patterson's troupe of performing Dogs—B. Franconi's wonderful trick horses— Arthur and Bertrand, the unequalled French Clowns —together with the whole of the double company will ap pear at each representation. Illuminated day pert ormances on Monday, Wednesday, and Saturday, at Two o'clock ; evenings at half-past Seven. Admission —Private Boxes, 215.: Reserved Seats, 3s. ; Stalls, 2e. ; Promenade, le. ; Gallery, 6d. ROYAL ALHAMBRA.- The wonderful Performing Elephant AJAX on SATURDAY MORNING NEXT, the 23d instant, at Two o'clock, and at each subsequent representation for a limited period. MADAME TUSSAUD'S HISTORICAL GALLERY; established 28 years at the Bazaar, Baker-street.—Great Treat for the Juveniles during the Holidays.—The series of Models of the Kings of England, from the Conqueror to that of her present Majesty, attired in the magnificent costumes of their respective periods, Is now nearly complete and in the Chamber of Physiognomy are several new additions. Admission, Is. ; extra rooms, 6d. Open from 11 till dusk, and from 7 till 10. ARGYLL ROOMS, Windmill-street, Hay market. NOTICE., —M. MILLIE N'S PROMV:NADE CONCERTS will be cr.,ntinued at the above elegant rooms. Admission le. Con ductor— M. JULLIEN. Solo Performers—Messrs. Mosca, Tyler, Horton, Snelling', Progratski, M'Kenney, Doors Open at 8, commence at half-past. Manager, M. GRENET. 29, GEORGE-STREET, HANOVER-SQUARE. THE LONDON ANATOMICAL MUSEUM. Open daily from 10 till 10. Lectures at 4 and 7 o'clock. Where may be seen the Astecs ; Bushman and Wife; Julia Pastrana and Infant; Eng and Shang, the Siamese Twins ; and upwards of 3,000 Models, Natural Pre parations, &c. Egyptian Mummies, unwrapped, 4,000 years old. Admission, One Shilling (tor Gentlemen only). PIGS! PIGS! PIGS!-INDIAN PIG MEAL, without husks, supplied to the Royal farms, Windsor, and in every county In England, lOs 6d per cwt. ; one cwt. equal to cwt. barley or any meal. Delivered free in Lon don. Established 1858.— THOMAS PEARCE, Manager, 66, Lant-street, Southwark. PRIZE MEDA L.-INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1862.1 ;,1 FRANCIS TUCKER & CO., Wax Chandlers, &e., &C., To the Queen and the Film of Wales. (Established 1770.) The Jurors' Report on Wax and Church Candles, in 1862. testifies to the excellence of the quality of Messrs. Tuckers' manufacture. A distinguished Dignitary, in a letter addressed to Francis Tucker and Co., on the subject of WAX CANDLES with PLATTED WICKS, says:-- " I have found them fully equal to the recommendation which you gave them, and can sincerely, in my turn,c com mend them to the clergy for the use of the altar." Finest quality, with Platted Wicks, patented.. d. per lb. Ordinary quality • • • • • • • • • • Od. per lb. VEGETABLE CANDLES, with a Mixture of Wax. Best quality .• • • • • .. ls. M. per lb. Second quality .• • • • • .. Is. 3d. per lb. Third qualii y.. • • • • • • ls. ld. per lb. Carriage paid in London on Orders of Five Pounds in value. FRANCIS TUCKER AND CO, 8, South Moßon-street, Grosvenor-square. Manufactory— Kensington (Established 1730). The largest Establishment in England for the Manufacture of Was Gaudio Or the ufw of the Altar. •s L : 'IP- 14 * t ikti")4, yl.; A:, -, •'. e , r --0- Ca..— 0 4.,., 4.-„,i....., ..., ,-...g 4))- ~, . ~. il -.... t . , ~. .-1 . , • ...•i.. - e tki l e 1.1 .. -t. , „ Yi 6,-- ',ti,:. -, --, , 1 , ~,.‘„.: .; ,4 ? (45‘1%. 4 , T i . *141,b, = 2 . . r : .. c: . ?- Cr 'ii b , ' ' -;'11 ' 4 , '2, — ._ -.%-4,A - ,:, , -;.--- .; . ,-- , ~z:".. ,-„, j, ,-,.. ..t.,, „II ,401.,..,, , 40 1nk.J...-.. . =,, ___v ,v- ,xii v ~.. ~,. ...., vi . h s : t l, , '' • .`%'?).: 5..---- A: 9 , i t 'l '' rs ' DE(21 . T.J.:2.3 ‘ ‘. Cl4O "" '- --- ,- - ---c-- -, , pr .e. • • s. 4 .. 1 ,34 _ ? r e4 -4‘3 1: - Qtr .I‘%-tt7,17‘4.13'710,kr . ,...t . ' - 5 4 30 14. ~ .. V, ' , , r , •• `..'..-- A& ~‘ 1 . -40 - —...j )— E , • ..1514 1 , ' , ,- 'li , ' , 4,•_,..i THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, JANUARY 29, 1864. WHERE CAN WE MEET AF MR THE PANTOMIMES ? My dear Fellow, Gentlemen sup at EVANS', Covent-garden. lIINAHAN'S LL ER I A V N I- D I L I S , KY v. COGNAC, This celebrated Old IRISH WHISKY rivals the finest FRENCH BRANDY, It i+ Pure, Mild, Mellow, Delicious, and very Wholesome. Sold in Bottles, 3s. Bd., at the Retail Houses in London ; by the Agents in the principal towns in England ; or wholesale at 8, GREAT WINDMILL-STREET, W. Observe the Red Seal, Pink Label, and Cork branded " Kinahan's LL Whisky." ST. PETER'S ITALIAN CHURCH, 22, HATTON-WALL. On SUNDAY, January 31, HIGH MASS, at 11 a.m., with full Orchestra. Grand Vespers and Benediction, at 7 p.m. Followed by Rossiei's STABET MATER. The usual efficient Choir will be strengthened on this occasion. Mr, Bright, M,P„ at the Birmingham Chamber of Commerce. BIRMINGHAM, Thursday Evening. The half•yearly meeting of the Chamber of Commerce for Birmingham and the Midland District was held this evening in the Grand Jury-roora of the Public-office, Moor street, Mr J. S. Bright, Vice-President of the Chamber, occupied the chair. Mr Scholefield, M.P., Mr Bright, M.P., and Mr T. Lloyd, M.P., the newly-elected member for Barnstaple, were pre sent. The formal business of the meeting have been disposed of, _ _ • The CHAIRMAN moved the adoption of the report of the Chamber, which touched at some length upon various ques tions of interest to the mercantile world, among them being the Bankruptcy Act of 1861, which was regarded as defec tive and requiring amendment, the present state of our in ternational maritime law, the changes which have been effected in foreign Customs duties, and trade regulations, the Partnership Law Amendment Bill, the patent law, the prohibition of the export of arms from Singapore, the pre sent system of Government contracts, the Swedish tariff, and the Merchandise Marks Act. Mr. T. LLOYD, 1,1. P., seconded the motion, which, after a brief discussion, was agreed to. Mr. SCHOLEFIELD, M.P., then addressed the meeting. Adverting to the Partnership Law Amendment Bill, which he had introduced into the House of Commons last year, he remarked that a misconception appeared to prevail in some quarters as to the nature of its provisions; he regarded it simply as a bill for the extension of the freedom of trade. It was the duty of Parliament not to interfere unnecessarily with the trade of the country. The best function of Govern ment was to govern as little as possible, every limitation which Parliament put upon the facilities with which a man was enabled to carry on his trade being injurious ; the Coun cil of the Chamber stated in their report their opinion that it was for the interest of this country to establish this pro position as a part of international maritime law. " That private property of subjects of a belligerent on the high seas should be exempt from seizure by the public armed vessels of the other belligerents except it be contrabrand." He thought it was the duty of Government to see that in mat ters connected with war, if ever we should be involved in war, the lives of our soldiers and sailors were protec ted as well as the property of merchants. If the question of our international maritime law should be again brought before Parliament he should be glad to support the pro position laid down by the Birmingham Chamber, if he could clearly see his way to such a course. He was glad to learn from the report that the Board of Trade was now acting in co-operation with the different Chambers of Commerce throughout the country, and he expressed a hope that steps would be taken to extend the principle of free trade in regard to our dealings with Aus tria. Ho happened to know something of the condition of Austria, and if they could induce her Majesty's Government to co-operate with them in inducing the Austrian Govern ment to extend the freedom of trade he was satisfied that there was now an excellent opening in that country. The wealth of Austria was much greater than was generally imagined, and that wealth was being rapidly developed by the partial adaptation of the Government of that country to more constitutional forms. With regard to Mexico perhaps that was hardly a safe topic to touch upon ; but assuming, as he supposed we might now assume, that Mexico would soon be under a monarchical form of Government, and that the monarch of that country would be an Archduke of Austria-- Mr. BIIIGItT—I don't think so. (Laughter.) Mr. SCIOLEFIELD—You think he will not ? Mr. LitroaT--certainly. Mr. SCROLEFIELD continued—Refraining from express ing any more decided opinion upon that point, he thought it would be conceded that there was now a prospect of a better condition of things in Mexico than had been known for some years, and he hoped that the Chambers of Com merce throughout this country would not be insensible to the necessity of doing their best to see that the vast resources of that rich country were properly developed. (Hear, hear.) Mr. BRIGHT, after a few preliminary remarks, said— The impression left on my mind after perusing the report is that this Chamber of Commerce has occupied itself with many important matters during the present year; and looking at the difficulties which interpose themselves to anything being done in this country, I believe that the Chamber has not been unsuccessful in its attempts to take care of the interests of this district with which it is more especially connected. (Hear, hear.) In looking over the paragraphs in that report there is ono that struck me as rather curious. I am surprised that it has not been men tioned, and you will, perhaps, be more surprised that I mention it, as it is out of my line. The paragraph which I refer to is that relating to the prohibition of the exporta tion of arms from Singapore. It appears that you are allowed to export arms from Singapore to China, if they are to be sold to the partisans or subjects of the ruling dynasty of China; but if they are to be exported for the use of the rebels, then the Government interposes and prevents that exportation. I am not anxious to see the manufacture of arms necessarily a great manufacture in the world, nor the ex • portation of there commonly required from one country to another; but the principle now acted upon is not the prin ciple which has been applied with regard to America and other countries, and I do not see why, on any principle adopted by the Government in other cases, it should inter fere to prevent the exportation of arms from Singapore. (Cheers.) It is the business of the Chinese Government to prevent that exportation, but it is not the business of our Government to do so ; that is a matter which many gentle men will be able to comprehend without my entering upon it further, and I have merely mentioned it as a curious matter for observation than as being very material. The next sub ject mentioned in the report which strikes me as a matter of some consequence is the question of patents. (Hear.) I un derstand that at Liverpool there are some influential persons who think that patents ought to be altogether abolished, and that inventors should be remunerated out of a fund to be awarded to them in some way by the Government, and that if possible it would be desirable to have an international fund provided by the various countries of Europe and by America, out of which they should receive a fitting compen sation. On the face of it this proposition looks extremely reasonable, and I believe that its carrying out would be impracticable, and that it would be impossible to make any equal adjudication, because it is often many years before anybody can tell whether a patent has really been valuable and whether the public have gained much from it or not. (Hear, hear.) I am not very much alarmed at the prospect of the total abolition of patents, and I am not sure, after my experience, which I am sorry to say, has been considerable, that the public would lose anything by the abolition and, looking at all that is won and lost by inventions among inventors, I am not certain that the inventors would be the losers if there were no patents at all. I believe that not 1 in 20 of them makes his expenses, and that a good many out the 20 are nearly ruined. There is nothing to prevent the production of useful inventions ; the fame attaching to them would be quite a sufficient stimulus with many men to exert their talents in that direction ; but, leaving that point, there is the question of the existing law, and no man can have paid attention to the present law, or rather no law, because in point of fact, there is no law—no man can have examined that law without feeling that there is ample room for exten t sive alteration and amendment. In my opinion, patents are granted in many cases for very insignificant things, and they are nothing but a nuisance to the trade with which they are Connected. Frequently the improvements are so trifling, al most so childish, that it is quite absurd to give a man a mo nopoly which may be the cause of harassing every exten sive t uanufacturing operation. (Hear.) To my mind it would be a great improvement if there were some previous examine'tion of inventions, for the purpose of ascertaining whether ,'he invention is worth a patent, and if it is not the patent onglit to be refused. In addition to the drawings that are necessary, an exact model of the invention ought to be furnis bed, so that you might ascertain the exact in vention o a p s t g e d r a i n n t e t d h . 0 n b i t e e l i d e v s e t a t t h e a s t . ve ntionfe o r f N i ti d ch eia th h e as pa b t e e e n n t the plan I do not know much of their law generally, but I be lieve that to be the case. I think the present system of drawing specifications to be a system of fraud to a very large extent. A man attempts to conceal his in vention rather than to explain it, and the wording is so vague that when a conflict arises with some one who he supposes has infringed his patent, he dares not tell you what he claims, and his counsel will fight for days to avoid telling you what the inventor claims and what he has invented, and if it is said, "This is old," he says, "I do not claim that that is not my specification ;" but if you have not proved it to be old, he will say, " That is exactly what I do claim," You are placed in a maze of difficulties, and may go on Mi ., v a n for yore, and it ip (=cult to pay whether you are more near ruin when yell have lost than when you have gained your cause. (Hear, hear.) Tho present law is, in my opinion, so scandalous that it would be better to have none at all. There are multitudes of causes which it is im possible to try in our ordinary courts of justice, and if men could only put aside their wish to conquer, they would find it much easier to toss up kir the purpose of ascertaining whether the patent is good, or whether the:alleged infringe ment is an infringement or not. (Hear.) In 99 cases out of every 100 the decision would be as just as if a long liti • gation had taken place, and more money would be saved by avoiding the costs than the whole patent is worth. I have been and am now tle victim of this law. Oliver Cromwell, when descril.ing the state of the law in his time, said that it was i " torturous ungodly jungle ;" and I may say with regard to our patent law that it is a disgrace to any civilised country. (Hear.) I will not say anything about our maritime law except this—that, differing from my hon. colleague, I think the Chamber has taken a wise view of that question, looking rather to the future than to the past. We are apt k look to the past in considering certain circumstances, but the future will not in all proba bility be as the past. No one can shut his eyes to the fact that, notwithstanding theimmense armaments of England, there is a much greater indisposition to go to war than there was 50 or 60 years ago, and that monarchs and Ministers have less power to go to war without consulting the inter ests of the people than they possessed in the past genera tions. (Hear.) I am antious to take a hopeful view of things, and I think that in future, considering the growth of commerce all over the world, considering the growth of intelligence everywhere, atd considering the growth of the acceptance of Christian morals with regard to these great subjects--I think I may say that nations are not so likely in future to go to war on trivial questions, to carry on war so long and so ferociously, and to refuse everything like moderation in the settlement of their differences, as they have done in times past. If this resolution were acted upon, " That this Council is of opinion that it would be strongly in the interest of this country to establish the following proposition as a part of international maritime law--viz., that the private property of subjects of a belligerent on the high seas should be exempt-from seizure by the public armed vessels of the other belligerents, except it be contraband"— if this resolution were adopted by the nations of the civilized world, I think it would on all occasions help rather to a peaceful settlement than to the arbitrament of the sword; that when a difference broke out there would not be the in terest of the privateersman to take ships, there would be a general feeling on the part of everybody with regard to the question of war, we should become a little more sensible be tween nation and nation, end the resort to war would not be so necessary as in past times. (Hear.) I think that re solution, if adopted by nations, would have a great effect in strengthening the interests of commerce as against the inte rests and passions of war, and would help, among other things, to keep us from war and afford a hope that in our children's days war will be looked on as a barbarity inwhich Christian nations should not indulge. My hon. colleague has referred to the Board of Trade, and to the desirableness of freeing that Board, in reference to foreign commerce, from the complications of the Foreign-office. Now, that is altogether a very puzzling affair, because the Foreign office appoints the officers of the country abroad, and there fore the Foreign Minister and the foreign department is that to which these officers must render an account. It would not do for them to serve two masters and have to re port on commercial matters to the Board of Trade, and on matter partly political and partly commercial to the Foreign office. My remedy is rather different from the remedy proposed by the Bradford Chamber of Commerce. I think we ought rather to improve the character of the Foreign office—that is, if you have a Foreign.-office and a Board of Trade. Whenever the country comes to accept more fully the doctrine of non-intervention, then our officers abroad, whether they be Ministers and ambassadors, or consuls and consular agents, should be regarded more in the light of commercial agents than of political agents, and they will begin to find out that the commercial interests of the coun • try are of far more importance than many of the political questions that arise. (Cheers.) If you could once have that spirit established in the Foreign-office I think that many of your difficulties would be disposed of. I trust we are on the eve of a change that will improve that de partment, and that henceforth matters of business will re ceive greater attention than they have done. This subject has frequently been mentioned to me by gentlemen connected with Yorksh're, but I never saw any plan laid down by which it could be fairly worked out. I believe there never has been any gentleman at the head of the Board of Trade who was more ready to further everywhere in his power the commercial interests of the country, and to listen more at tentively to any representation that may be made to him, than my right hon. friend Mr. M. Gibson. (Hear.) There is only one other point of much moment, and that is with regard to the new political characters of Chambers of Com merce. Two years ago I made sone observations on that subject. I entirely agree with those who say that Cham bers of Commerce should not be political ; for instance, that they should not get up a contest as to whether the present. Prime Minister should remain in office, or whether Lord Derby should succeed him, or a contest with respect to the respresentation of Birmingham. But all these matters you are talking about are themselves clearly in the nature of politics, and if you manage your business in a very tender manner for fear of touching ques tions that are political, you will necessarily destroy to a great extent not only the utility but the life of your institution, and you will find that when you are dealing with what only appears to be a very small question, the po pulation among whom you live are not l ik e l y t o come in greater numbers or with larger subscr i p tions, so as to mak e your Chamber of importance, because they aro conscious that many things the Chamber undertakes are not matters of great moment compared with many others which might be dealt with. The more you fear to touch a question be cause it affects a political party, or an existing or an expec tant Minister, the more you enfeeble your own power as a Chamber of Commerce, and the less you offer to those about you to come and join and help in what you wish to under take. Of course any Chamber, when a question is brought before it, should be able to decide for itself at once whether that question is a suitable one to take up. I remember, about the year 1837 or 1838, that the Manchester Chamber of Commerce undertook the question of the Corn Laws. They debated it for three days. The debate being adjourned from day to day they had an animated and, not to give it a bad name, almost a furious debate. There were many who were strongly opposed to the repeal of that law, and who took extreme views on the subject, but after three days' de bate the Chamber came to a resolution which declared that the law was bad and ought to be immediately and totally repealed. (Hear.) Upon the p r i nc ipl e o f some persons, not of those who are in favour of a corn law or opposed to it, but of those in favour.t of th e Ch am b er b e i ng t en d er on every may be said that it would have been better if the Manchester Chamber of Commerce had re frainedquesti o n f r i o t m importance dealing touches, that it w he it t ht that question; but it was of im mense Chamber, disregarding the idea that they should not be Political, did grapple with that which was the greatest a bomination of the day. The reso of Commerce, no doubt, had an in the Corn Laws, but of every in the abolition not only of f it u u t i e i s o ni n eme o pe f ous t h sai e bflu C e t h fuo a rre m wm b e he r i oh other kind of protection which ended describe in language, and which cannot be put in figures. I up any political question do not wish this Chamber to take ; but this I maintain, that if they have not the intelligence to take up these questions and the fuc r o are questions icourageals t u o pp ograpple fitto they desiret h t dealth from e m with, they are convinced they ah , they will not receive the the people among whom they live, and will no t have the influence in the country which they ought to h ave. (Hear.) Th e G ove rnment of this country, and I am afr aid the Government of every country, only respec ts the infl uence it fears, and unless you make yourselves felt as a p o wer daring t o d o those things which you believe oug ht to b e done, the departments of G overnm ent will put you off with sm oo th wor d s , excuses, and delays, at the not ee e n t doftheyear you will have to pro duce I reportshaeel a o y n , and yher to say, as thatrt a are satisfacto ry to your constituents. my loon. friend has already said, that if there be anything Whic h in - a we can assist in carry ing out the views of t he Chamb er I am sure we should bo Nst. i h t he will regard b e as to good Mr. for Llo thecl, I present, nee d very glad to help eac h other—hiamnd; that ber for Birmingham. My hon. fri en d M r. Scholefiel d has Lloyd, I say aanoth er fornoer shape, as a third mom said that some persons may blame him for having been dilatory in pressing forward the Partnership Law Amend ment Bill, which he had charge of last session in the House of Commons. Now, although you h ave rea d a grea t d ea l of the labours of a mythical person of olden times who was called Hercules, the labours of that individual were as nothing compared with the labours of pass • ing through P a rliament a Bill, h owever use f u l, how ever undeniable its cl aims on the attention of the house, if it does not happen that all the gentlemen on the Treasury Bench are interested in getting it through. (Hear, hear.) If the Government have a measure of their own to pass then they are very energetic, and keep everybody there till two o'clock in the morning, until it passes. But without influence, it is to me a marvel posi tively inexplicable how any single Bill good for anything whatever is ever got through that house by any member who has not the whole power of the Government to back him. (Hear, hear.) Therefore, Mr. Scholefield's labours in reference to the measure he introduced cannot be over esti mated, and if the bill be brought forward again this year I hope it will have that good fortune its merits demand. I think it is clearly a bill extending —and wisely extending— the principle of freedom of trade, and that it will in many cases bring the surplus capital of a man of capital to unite with the business habits, intelligence, and integrity of a man who don't happen to possess capital, and together so employed they will add to the resources of the country, giv ing greater employment and higher wages, and thus adding to ttlo couifyrta and UtipPitleofi 91 the people, (Hoar, hoar.) lam much obliged tor the hearing you have given me. I came to this meeting with a painful sense that everything that could be said on these questions was familiar to all of you, and indeed that many of these subjects were more fami liar to you than to me• But I am glad to have been here to night taking part in the meeting, and I shall always be ready in my place in the House of Commons to forward your views. (Cheers.) On the motion of Mr. S. LLOYD, seconded by Mr. G. F. MU TL, a vote of thanks to Messrs. Seholefield and Blight for their attendance was carried amid cheers, and the pro ceedings terminated. DINNER TO MR. JUSTICE SHER Yesterday the members of the Home Circuit as- sembled in great force at the Albion Tavern, the occasion being a complimentary dinner to their senior, Mr. Sergeant Shee, in token of their con gratulation on his having been elevated to the bench. It may be interesting to know the exact number of gentlemen who sat down to table, and we accordingly give the figures with absolute precision. There were in all 189 present ; and when it is re membered that considerably less than half that aggregate has been accounted a handsome muster at former circuit dinners, even when a similar honour has been paid to a popular senior, the great esteem in which Mr. Justice Shee is held by his legal brethren appears beyond all question. The com pany was mainly formed of present members of the Home Circuit; but there were a few distinguished personages among the guests whose connection with the body wax one of the past, such as Lord Ch€ 1.71,7- ford, Sir F. Kelly, Q.C., Mr. Baron Channel', Mr. Justice Willes, and others. The chair was taken by the senior, Mr. Montagu Chambers, Q.C., the vice-president's post being occupied by the junior, Mr. Grantham. Ia proposing the health of Mr. Justice Shee, The CHAIRMAN said the event was a triumph for one and a triumph for all. He dwelt on those qualities of their friend which, while they justified his high appointment in the public mind, made it a matter of deep regret with his brethren that they should lose his society and constant example. Mr. Chambers proceeded to speak with great warmth of the generous character displayed at all times by Mr. Sergeant Shee as an antagonist. He said it was needless to call upon the assembly to pay the utmost honour to the subject of the toast. The tribute they were about to bestow had in some way been anticipated, by the mere fact of their gathering in such unprecedented strength. In conclusion, he asked them to drink with glasses filled to the brim the health of Mr. Justice Shee. The toast was received with an enthusiasm which is perfectly indescribable; and the deafening cheers which greeted the object of all this hearty goodwill, whe❑ he rose to respond, kept him for some time from speaking a word. Mr. Justice SHEE then said, with an emotion which at first retarded his utterance, that he could not deny having been taken by surprise. That he should be kindly received and entertained by friends of long standing was not to him very wonderful ; but their exceeding cordiality, and the unanimous spirit of approval in which his appointment had been received by all parties—(loud cheers)—and by all shades of thinkers—(renewed cheering)—touched him deeply. lam proud (continued the learned judge) of the country that can thus manifest its liberality. lam proud of the people that, amid strong feelings, has no feeling so strong as the feeling of justice. His lordship then entered into reminis cences of his long connection—a connection extend ing over more than 30 years—with the Home Cir cuit. He said he had joined it when only 21 years of age, at which time Lord Chelmsford was a junior. He (Mr, Justice Shee) had seen a good many abler men pass by him in a course which, to himself, had been an exceedinglychequered one. Sometimes he was up ; oftener down ; not unfreqnently up again. (Loud laughter and prolonged cheers.) He could not help thinking that it was not only those who got all the clients and all the briefs who saw the best of the profession. 11 , hile puzzling their brains with practice, they missed 83M0 of the enjoyment of the circuit. For himself, he knew a little of both ; and perhaps it was because of this, and because he had found so much to love in the society of his brethren, that he now felt the sadness of success. In conclu sion, Mr. Justice Shee expressed a hope that, in thanking them sincerely for their kindness, he was not altogether bidding them farewell. The remaining toasts were—" The Judges," pro posed by the Chairman and acknowledged by Mr. Justice Willes—" The Old Members of the Home Circuit," to which toast Lord Chelmsford eloquently replied—" The Home Circuit," proposed by Sir Fitzroy Kelly, Q.C., and responded to by Mr. Locke, Q.C.—and " The Senior," which final toast was ably given by Mr. Baron Channell, and feel ingly acknowledged by Mr. Montagu Chambers. Naval and Military Intelligence. THE NAVY. The authorities of the Admiralty have anticipated the recommendations made by Mr. Bessemer, in a letter which recenttly appeared in The Sun, for the employment of steel in our vessels of war. It appears that on the new iron frigate Bellerophon being commenced at Chatham it was decided by the Chief Constructor of the Navy to introduce steel stringer plates, and steel in other forms in various parts of that vessel. From the vast superiority of steel over iron as a material for ships of war, there is little doubt that it will form a principal material in all our vessels hereafter to be constructed. The Irresistible, 68, 2,652 tons, 400 horse power, fitting fortcommission, is being rigged by a party of 100 seamen, who have been sent to her for that purpose from the Corn wallis, 62, 200 horse power, Capt, J. N. Strange. The masts, yards, and gear for the Irresistible have been sent to the Noro from Chatham dockyard. The repairs to the Cadmus, 22, 400 horse power, at Chatham, are likely to retain that vessel in dock some two months longer, the alterations and repairs she is under going being very extensive. Extra cabins aro ordered to be fitted on board for an additional lieutenant, and she is also being fitted with a topgallant forecastle for the protec tion of her crew in inclement weather. Considerable progress has been made with the Lord War den target, now under construction at Chatham Dockyard, and it will shortly be ready for shipment to Shoeburyness, where it is to be tested. The Lord W arden target will differ in several important particulars from those hitherto con structed, in order to develope, to the greatest possible ex tent, its shot-resisting powers. Unlike the Warrior and the Bellerophon targets, recently experimented upon and par tially destroyed at Shoeburyness, which consisted of a back ing of teak timber exactly resembling the sides of an ordi nary vessel of war, and covered by the several kinds of armour plates to be tested against the guns, the Lord Warden target will be furnished with one inch and a half thickness of iron on the outside of the wooden backing, and it is exactly this extra thickness of iron which it is thought will render the target as nearly as possible invul nerable to the ordinary kinds of guns which may be brought against it. The experiments to be made with the target now in progress are looked forward to with much interest, and should the results at all come up to the anticipations al ready formed, the broadsides of the Lord Warden, the Lord Clyde, and the other wooden iron plated frigates designed by Mr. Reed will be constructed exactly on the same prin ciple. The hands employed on the two decker wooden line-of battle screw steamer Bombay, 2,782 tons, 400 horse power, fitting in dry dock at Chatham, are using every exertion to complete that vessel and have her out of hand, the dock being required for one of the iron ships intended to be sent to Chatham. There is still a month's work to be done on board, chiefly in the way of erecting additional cabins and offices for a flag officer's retinue and in the general fitment and alterations required to be performed in a vessel about to be despatched to a distant nation. There is little remaining to be done aloft, the standing and other rigging being all in its place, and with ordinary exertions the Bombay ought to be completed by the time required by the Admiralty. In consequence of the large number of boys and lads who have recently been draughted from the training ship Wel - 72, at Chatham, to various ships of war at the seve ral ports, there are now vacancies for boys and lads deairous of entering the royal navy, on board the Wellesley. Under the recent Admiralty regulations the age required for second class boys entering the royal navy is 111 years to 16 years. instead of from 14 years to 15 years, as hitherto. They are also, under the same regulations, to be rated in the first class, if found qualified, at 16 instead of 17, and sent to sea immediately afterwards. All applications for entry on board the Wellesley are to be addressed to the officer in command of that vessel, the qttalificatiens required of candidates Whig PRICE .4d, STAMPED ....sd. that they shall be of goal character and of fair average education. Yesterday some important experiments were carried out at the Royal Victoria Victualling-yard, Deptford, by direc tion of the Admiralty, in the presence of the Controller of the Navy, tho Captain Superintendent of Deptford Dock yard, and other officers, for the purpose of testing a new method, proposed by Dr. Morgan, for curing meat. Three oxen were selected and killed in the usual manner, and im mediately afterwards the chest was cut open from the throat, when Dr. Morgan infused a liquid into the heart. It ap peared to have passed through the entire system, for on pieces of meat being cut off a few minutes afterwards they were found to have been impregnated by the liquid. Whether meat cured by this system will keep as long and remain as good as that cured by the old process remains to be tested. It is understood that a satisfactory report upon the experi ments thus made will be forwarded to the Admiralty. The appointment of commanding Royal Engineer of the Chatham district, vacant by the promotion of Col. J. Twins to the rank of Major-Gen., has been conferred on Col. R. Clement Moody, who is now in command of the exploring party of Royal Engineers on service in British Columbia, in which colony he is the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Woods. The duties connected with the appointment of commanding Royal Engineer are being carried out at Chat ham by Lieut,-Col. G. F. Mann, C. 8., who holds the tem porary rank until the arrival of Col. Moody from British Columbia. PROPOSED NEW IRONCLAD FRIGATES, At the commencement of each year we have to record some change, and generally some improve ment in, in the design and construction of our future fleet of ironclads. Cautiously, by slow but very sure degrees, do we at last seem to be attaining perfec tion in the models which each season brings forth ; and the reconstruction of our navy is now going steadily, and promises even to go quickly forward. It has certainly not been from lack of advice that the Admiralty has not achieved this gratifying re sult long before this, It would be an almost endless task to recapitulate the names of the inventors and patentees who in the first difficulty of building iron ships suddenly felt themselves called upon to give plans and designs to the Admiralty. Every con ceivable crotchet has been in turn listened to, and in at least two notable instances is about to be fairly tried. It reflects no small credit on the Controller's department that amid this multitude of conflicting counsellors such perfect designs as those for the Black Prince and Warrior were first given to the world ; and that in form, and size, and speed, though not in strength, they were enabled again to improve upon these with the Northumberland, the Agincourt, and the Minotaur. But in the vessels ordered for this year we have in most cases almost a total change from all that have gone before. The experience gained in the construction and sailing of these ponderous craft has gradually developed cer tain general rules and principles which were at first supposed to be diametrically in opposition to all plans for armour plated sea-going ships. Thus, then, in the new ships we no longer find the list restricted to vessels of 5,000, 6,000, or 7,000 tons and upwards, but learn gladly that we are at last to have such much-needed craft as small sloops, of less than 1,000 tons, built of wood, yet carrying their batteries encased in 41in. of solid iron. It was thought impossible two years ago to build such vessels, and even now it sounds strange to hear of 900-ton ships coated with 41 inch armour, such, in fact, as the Enterprise sloop will be when launched next month from Deptford. The Re search just launched at Pembroke is another of the same class. She is a sloop of only 1,250 tons, yet is coated from end to end with Warrior plates, and her first trip round from Milford set at rest what ever doubts might till then have been entertained as to the perfect seaworthiness of these small vessels, covered with such tremendous plating. There was a heavy gale blowing when she left Milford, which the Research was able to face easily, though the Geyser, a wooden paddle frigate, sent to escort her, could not, and was obliged to ride it out at anchor in the Haven. The Research came round by sea at an average speed of 104 knots through rough water, proved herself light and buoyant, turning quickly and rolling easily. Yet this sloop, which is only crf 1,250 tons, and draws no more than 14 feet of water, is more completely plated than even the Warrior, and will throw a broadside equal in weight to that of the renowned iron frigate, The changes in our principles of construction which these vessels mark so strongly have all been effected by Mr. Reed, the new Chief Constructor to the Navy, who was the earliest to deny the necessity for such gigantic ships as those of the Northumberland class, and to point out that there was no nautical or scientific reason why, with certain modifications of design, small corvettes and even sloops and gunboats should not be as strongly protected as the largest frigate. For tunately, as it seems from the success of the new vessel, the Research, the Admiralty have in a great measure adopted Mr. Reed's plans, anil have decided to let him carry them out after his own manner ; and 10 new ironclads, of all sizes, and to answer various purposes, are now building, and some nearly built. These vessels are the Enterprise, sloop, four guns, 990 tons, builders' measurement, and 160 horse power ; the Research, sloop, 1,250 tons, seven guns, and 200-horse power ; the Favourite, corvette, 2,372 tons, eight guns, and 400-horse power; the Pallas, 2,372 tons, five guns, and 600-horse power ; the Zealous, 3,715 tons, 16 guns, and 800-horse power; the Lord Clyde and the Lord Warden, sister ships, each 4,067 tons, 32 grins, and 1,000-horse power ; and the Bellerophon, 4,246 tons, 12 guns, and 1,000 horse power. Of these eight ships the Enterprise was originally designed as a wooden sloop, named the Circassian, and so also were the Research, Favourite, and Zealous respec tively a wooden sloop, corvette and frigate actually in frame, which Mr. Reed had to adapt as he beat could; and the forms of these, therefore, he con tends are not such as he entirely approves for iron going vessels, especially in the shape of the bows, which are much too floe beneath nolt to render them liable to pitch. The Lord Warden: and the Lord Clyde, the Pallas and the Bellerophon, are entirely from stem to stern of Mr. Reed's design. The two former are improvements on vessels of the Royal Oak class ; the two latter are quite new, both in principle of construction and in the purpose they are intended to fulfil, and it is of them especially that we wish to speak as the finest samples of our new ironclads. The Bellerophon is in point of strength intended to be a monster among these monsters, to be in fact as terrible an assail ant to ironclads as an ironclad would be to wooden ships The usual practice of the Admiralty has been to build their iron frigates first, and then test their strength in targets afterwards, but the converse of this rule was adopted with the Bellerophon. Her target was tried about three months since at Shoe buryness, a long account of the experiment —an ex periment which proved, as far as the heaviest rounds of shot and shell could prove it, that a ship built on such a plan would be absolutely invulnerable to any artillery known to exist. Her success on this im. portant point being thus guaranteed, the work of building her was at once begun at Chatham, and probably in 12 months time she will join her weaker iron sisters now afloat. The object with which this vessel is designed is in case of another groat naval war to avoid a repetition of the long dreary work of blockading an enemy's fleet by wearisome and dangerous cruising off the mouth of harbour. The Bellerophon is, in short, to be , to a fleet of ironclads what a fox terrior is to a pack of hounds—a vessel of such strength and speed and tremendous weight of guns as in case of an enemy's iro a fleet running into port she can follow them with in npnnity, and at long range fight them at their mod rings, till she either drive them ashore or drive then i out tosea. Specially built for the discharge of such peculiarly arduous duties, it is almost needless to say how carefully every point in her equipme , at has been considered; and as Mr. Penn undertal :es that her speed shall equal her strength, there seems to be very little doubt but that, with her in ape netrable sides and her armament of ten 300-pounders, and two 600- ; pounders, she will be the mot it formidable seagoing / 1 2- I rrik - ario7Ee yet - Tfeert.-- PO I TZT'IZ vessel is to be 300. t.., and her breadth tonnage will be 4,246 tons, her disnlacemenel,osg l tons; and though carrying the heaviest armour armament ever sent afloat, her eranght will bo 21ft. forward and 26ft. aft, less than the drauht cf ordinary two-deckers. The height of her lowest portsill from the water will be 91ft., the distance between the guns loft., and the height between decks 7ft. Her midship section is smaller than that of the Warrior, and to that extent therefore-, she • will be easier to steam and sail ; she is to have four masts—only the first square rigged, the three others carrying immense fore and aft a rig from which the French have got such ut3rnie able results with their iron frigates under canvas. In the engines of the Bellerophon it is hoped to effect a great improvement as regards the consump tion of coal. The Black Prince, which is nowpro bably the fastest ocean steamer afloat, burns at the rate of 411 b. of coal per indicated horse power per hour, and on her trial trip, with her screw going 54 revolutions, she did 151 knots an hour, and can be depended on at sea to average as high as 13 Ici the Bellerophon, however, it is hoped by working. with super-heated steam surface, condensation find expansion to reduce the consumption of coal to 2111). per indicated horsepower per hour. If this great be effected, she will carry 16 days' fuel instead of nine, and if, as is expected, Mr. Penn can get 65 or more revolutions out of her engines, she can be depended on at sea to average 15 knots, or nearly 18 miles, an hour. fi PATE ft The ribs and framing of the Bellerophon will be much the same as those of other iron frigates, with the exception that the stringer plates and diagonal bracings will all be of steel—that is to say, of less than half the weight, and more than four times the - strength, of the present system of wrought•ii on fastenings. Wherever steel can be used with ad vantage in point of strength and ,ightness, it will be adopted in the frame of this new frigate; and Mr. Reed estimates that by this method, end while making the hull infinitely stronger, he will save in weight two or three hundred tons, which can be infinitely better bestowed in increasing the thickness of the armour-plating. It is the first time that steel has ever been used in these vessels, and Mr. Reed deserves every credit for adopting it, though it was not difficult to foresee that it must soon have been extensively used. We have reached many points where we are endeavouring to exact from wrought iron duties which it is not within the powers of that metal to discharge; and if we hope to get beyond our present manufacturing standard, we must turn our attention to producing and utilising iron in one of the highest stages of development in which it is known to us—in the form of tough soft steel. The armour of the Bellerophon is to be no less than 6in. thick, and this is to rest on 10in. of solid teak beams. This outer protection is quite formid able enough, but what it protects is of its kind quite as strong in proportion. The inner skin con sists of two plates, each of tin. thickness, with a stout layer of painted canvass between to deaden concussion. Outside this skin come angle-iron stringers of the tough steel we have already spoken of. These angle-iron stringers in any metal would be of immense strength, and project from the inner skin 92 in. and 10in. alternately. Thus they form so many longitudinal shelves of the depth we have mentioned, which run from stem to stern of the ship, two under each row of plates, and in these the teak beams are laid, the longitudinal layers of the angle-irons keeping the beams up to their work and preventing their lateral splintering, while they also support the plates with their edges and prevent their bending in unfairly on the teak. It is almost needless to say that the Bellerophon is not thus coated from end to end and over all with this tremendous armour. All Mr. Reed's skill would fail to make a frigate seaworthy with sun a mass of metal to uphold. In the centre and for 90ft, of her broadside she is thus protected, from sft. below the water line to the level of the upper deck. In this space are her guns, five 300- pounders, with one 600-pounder at each side. For the rest of her length there is only a belt of this massive armour, which goes to the same depth beneath the sea to six feet above it, so that she cannot be hit in any part where the water could enter. The two ends above this belt are built of tough light plates of steel, and hero the crew and officers will live in time of peace, and here there can be as many portholes to the cabins and ventilating spaces as in an ordinary passenger steamer. In Action, of coarse, all the officers and crew would be in the battery or below the line of the armour, six feet above the water mark, leaving enemies' shot to pass in and out of the rest of the vessel above them as they might happen to strike. No harm could be done if this part was riddled through and through in all directions, as at six feet above the sea scarcely any water could enter even in the roughest weather and with the holes left unplugged. As a matter of course, all the engines and magazines are well under cover of the plating, and the great length of the stem and stern from the centre battery being thus lightened to the utmost of superincumbent weight will render the whole ship, it is calculated, as seaworthy in the heaviest weather as a Canard mail packet. Tue cost of this most formidable of all our future iron clads is estimated at £90,000 less than that of the Warrior. The Pallas is another special vessel by Mr. Recd. who has designed it to meet a want which the Federal Government must just tow feel most keenly, to check the depredations of such an enemy as the Alabama. If the navy reports of the Federal Go vernment are to be depended on, their cruisers have sighted the Alabama no less than 14 times, buc not one has been able to overtake her; and if nautical judgments are correct the Vanderbilt has now, after being so long out of port, even less chance than the rest. The Pallas is designed for great speed, both in sailing and steaming, to carry only five guns, 011100 pounders, of the longest range—a bow chaser for ward and two at each side. Her length is to be 225 ft., her breadth 50ft., and her tonnage 2,372, with a draughtof water of 18ft. forward and as much as 24ft. aft, in order to enable her to turn quickly. She is to be of wood, but to be entirely coated from end to end with 41-inch armour. She is to have a screw of great diameter. Her engines are to be of 600 horse power, and on the economical principle carried out with such marked Enema by Messrs. Humphreys and Tennent on board the Mooltan and other of the Peninsular and Oriental Company's vessels. Engined on this principle she i s expected and ought to be a bl e to carry coals enough for 16 days' hard steaming, and with her huge fore and aft sails (only the em square rigged) should have but little eo o ce st being s quare steam at all except i n chase. Fourteen knots per hour sea-going s p ee d i s what is anticipated from this frigate, and at this and heavy to sw eep guns, she undoubtedly ought to be able the seas of any number of war vessels less strongly plated, less heavily-armed and manned, and less speedy than herself. There are other ves sels, however, of Mr. Reed's designing equally ape.' cial and equally noteworthy with those which wa have described, but we have no space now to enter into a detail of their peculiar features. On another occasion the subject will be resumed, when we eau show how our iron fleet stands comparison of num ber, size, strength, and speed with that of France, the only nation that as yet possesses a squadron of these formidable ships which can be said to take rank in some important respects with those of England. ITALIAN CHURCH, HATTON-GARDEN.—After the grand vesperal service at this church on Sunday evening next, as will be teen from an advertisement in another column, Rossini's " Stabat Mater" is to be per formed with full orchestral accompaniment, and, in addi-. tion to the musical celebrities which form the ordinary choir, Mesdames Rudersdorff, Andrea, Mr. Weiss, and others, will give their services. It is, therefore, certain that full justice will be done to this exquisite composition. THE WATCH TRADE,—" The number of watches diced at at Ludgate-hill is something enormous, touching iv 15,000 yearly, manufactured en th e most approved principle of division of labour, under the personal superintendenc Chro e of the principal."—Mechanics' 14fagazine , Se p t 5, 1862 nometer, duplex, lever, hor izontal, repeaters, centre seconds, keyless, split seconds, and every description of watch adapted to all climates. Benson's illustrated pamphlet on watches. free by post for tw o stamps, con tains a short history of wa tchmaking, with pr ices, from 3 to 260 guineas each. It acts as a guide in the urtlicohwasoerlodt t a o w s ec altht, and enables those who live in any p a watch, and have ietof it sent free and safe by post. Prize medal and honourable mention, classes 33 and 15. J. W. Benson, 33 and 34, Lud gate-hill, London. Established 1749. Watch and clock. maker, by special warrant Of Appointment, to H.R.H. the Prize Ql Waco. 114°MTHE OLD-ESTABLISHED PTON GENERAL REGISTRY OFFICE FOR SERVANTS. it ("rIER DISTINGTJISTIED PATRONAGE.) 1'am,4,118. D ONOVAN 56, BROMPTON-ROAD. aPpicTisies requiring Servants are respectfully b s o o o t cited to At,,`, g ere being, always a large supply on the ...IE6O 14';'“cations for Servants during the past year, Li . t 8 Of Servants forwarded on application. , \‘ 're ath, , Office Hours from 10 till 4 daily, -,,,„,, aklits free of extra charge. :&"----_____lTPPer Servants, is. ; Under do., 2s. ed. /111°/ 7, II AND.—PITMAN'S PHONOGRA ' 4 IC TEACHER. 6d. ; free by post, 7d. 11°11T IIAND.—PITMAN'S PHO NOGRA -------„, SIC MANUAL. Free by post, is. 6d. Rll, ti ts Gb - l i T H A N D.—"PITMAN'S PHONO V° 4 0 - 4 4 ,..11Y forms an exceedingly efficient -probably °W iand '"lcient - system of Shorthand that exists."—Sir I. Il d li t l oa-° °: F. Pitman, 20, Paternoster-row, E.C. P 11 % qi,,,r,j,,,M10UT I) MEET THE EYE of any ~,,,,,;..im Witi Wind , i o n the Stomach, T . nd r igestion, or I merit. PILLSN I D ng n'tt P ,Ml4i l i e: t elebrity pro ° ve l) s C( ? n i C i d e l in i :o , f d " ste l : I D I OII I 4 or al : , dOrs at is. lid. r or ' free by , --4)4 lPs from Page D. Woodcock, Chemist 1 tss ßs. CO. )re ar xe,xectit,,,,,,l3OTT, JACKSON, WelliWestml'arket-n'u3TIIISSIONS n all races AND throu o gho o u n t a tl n ie d a'rnt!ter fames!i,aranteed. I: etni t tances. , Ln c a ." 5 :43 . ..4 1 ` A. ost-uffi:e Orders payab,e at amber- Add,. ef fing• on t ,_ tSto„ ess---it o the Waterloo Cup- Ge ore TT and JAcK soN , ' , Nan of the 1Vorld" Wine 'street, camberweii-park, London. bttVP'e• IN. -1-" SS TI-, MAGNIFIER ven te4 ;. %isi t , .„..---- .te SOUND newly fhe " l Ostra -1-', VOICE CONDUCTOR, aril7 fleeot ornphont for severe eases of deafnfss a . It fits into Atibli,est4,-,l°l3tib!e removes singing noises i the head, afret.t,' al;r110-.1re'sP.__erssons neadat y. • and B. to hear distinctly at church n and at SOLOMON S, 39, Albemarle- Ipikui , i IFUL Sala eam4i, a rld the 3/ W OMEN.—Alabaster _ iara. c ir rrsti ll 13100,_ agnetic Rock Dew Wafer from_Ski, .. tee tt Y atni in Arabian Soaps, and Alabaster Li Ma These hie, am „,,imaltable toilet preparations rend_e q r n tle hair, Can be h e „Obly a'rPlexion beautiful beyond cornpariso • d street, 1 4 , 1 .c she Madame RACIIPLNew Bon .- et lY c o ca n. be consulted daily' All communications are' a 011 NANI ' -ENTS for the Drawi-room, Librar k ett itid Hinin I tktid )1 VA . sp ,kroona, consisting of a new and e ,egaiit assort- Ink- Al - ' 8 ,1)(4 ''.. igilree, Groups, Obelisks,Candlesticks, INSit et, tql,ftil inlaid Tables, Paper weights, &c., i s n a ltalla4, riishOrtedit,,,,-,a_riaann, _Marble, Bronze, ,DerbylrlNT, rinze.. ' 4 ist t o ' l'iLemr 51.,91_adtured by JAMES TEN kt ili . 1 , ,,, 1, ,uesty, 149, Stand, W.C., Lonaon. I, ei titAent arranges elementary collections of SIIEL e L, ll l (j t 'tfe ti t S ' R OCKS, and FOSSILS, which will greatly tttellLOGteialtatmiaGEpd a y t :) , f 5 lllcli 20 RA LOG 50, to 100 guineas k t il k ( -1` I. ICA, d MINE ()(1 t is o L ve Thi n 4 T ia tu r q•Tatill'iliGiTt l i4 ) 9 G it r a a n n d. W.C. 4Tbr i t , ~,_.Mr. ESK ELL'S INVENTION in ta:DArio,,,` ba nstruction of ARTIFICIAL TEETH has the b.,`„Dshi,.,, 4dv antivres :—A set of . teeth, of excellent work ,;',t ' ttld Tv. i' , be made and fitted with the work ,;'a p ert,# - .ecnanism, can ti - Or ex,--, accuracy and success, in a few hours, without es tm,kaistie,action of stumps, and to answer all the purposes ti Or r‘, lo ll and articulation. They are fitted thewithout tititli!, thaat'';erffiags, and adapt themselves so pertectly to itt" w e . 'bey are quite immoveable,. except at the opt a l _. 41,1,,lieso"tr• Invalids or residents in the country can theg beet' 4d e 'yeth to many changes of the mouth without s h i ,. 41, at,,ptist They are not so liable to injury, are alLwa e y . 14,,,t4Nvi1l last a lifetime. Comfort guaranteed. Tr a s ~4 1P rettiono 4 1 1 4 ' Mr. Eskell's Patent,. &c., free for 7 stamp . qunq ht,,, BDeelmens andconsultations iree.-B:Grosvenor ••, %asta..(l'street, W and at 39, Bennett s-hill, Mr- I'NQITII, at trlo' t ING IM POSSIBLE.—The greatest and th-tkkAtiltful invention of the day, AGUA AMARELL r A. " ti t '• '1 O OSNFLI dCO t .'5 , ,an :pe t ", Ptibel, Perfumers to her Majesty respectfully offer 3, ing-court, Lomba d d 4,1 ~8 th. e ‘ this truly marvellous fluid, matter at dyed -,Ze. Th e hair to its pristine hue—no whick gradually zhq :t, t , t ; u,,e fan Amarella has none of the properties of t properties and jilt k e ` , lie htue contrary, is beneficial to per month t' l l ,hst• c a It i 0 t is once restored , one application g e uinea per bottle, or il i li e : t laces Perfect colour. I rice ~ th y or der , 10s. 6d. Testimonials from artistes of the , s de„bli ty and from individuals doubted respecta 'N t i' l 140,4 seen on application. Messrs. John Gosnell ' ri„ n appointed Perfumers to her Royal High --"e88 OY Wales. 11. I),„_l4LlesPIT'S BILIOUS AND LIVER ,I.'-,, Mgt hour - "A ,,,- NEVER FAILING ItItIMEDY.—Pb t. •er i'lle: "i , mercurial ingredient, from the recip , o 14' 04 1 :111eY, Rent, will be found invaluable to - all w w in h d o . tesle, Lidd,lious and liver complaints, indigestion, For habit - dai t i l th:Oesa, 4,!. dizziness of the eyes, Dli blO O , l a family aperient medicine, and as a purifier ti 0t. 411, 1 gr.': t beY are excellent ; mild in their o era til,f,dikeairful to thestowach they create apperite,ppro ,(434eriv- i°o,and stren then 'the whole nervous system. 'lllits'°Osar,t-Irubert, 8, Ringg William-street, Charing-cross. Fl o io, th e - - LI moat dru.insts in boxee.ls. lid., and three ir t ,,f 4 itiugoalatity i n oll ''' , - 28 '9d. Be sure to ask for Dr. Ifts;, ll 4,4 °,1 8 and Liver Pills' The genuine are a square "'D. aZe, with Wam' Lambert," engraved on the kt, T HE 13z , ,, vti .4 a a,,,.,,,EFACTOR OF THE SKIN. ci „ ROAPIi'S PERFUMED SULPHUR ,I;on, ,„11k4Rpar,11 CREAM for ordinary toilet purposes, ~`l4isitiLsagreea'a SUE PIRJR CREAM, for Baths, free 44itop:aci b o a.: i o_dour ; an infallible means of preserving e , tri li, l it c l oti kt .' loc u layrafeqt he t alth ; area i r al , so an ar d i r e i ff ien t ina ! I`Zs4tit p'1,„;I. plane caundanreeocuosmmendeo:l by the most lici,i I to ;,! l elans (se Testimonials). Tablets of Soap, from IV . ' at th e ,7,..rdi o h ' 4 , itid at lkit, 21'g' to the degree of sulphur they contain, • Rupert-street, Coventry-street, London, PADReatiaetil •ellelnists. P rospectuses and testimonials sent Oy A , ly I , in th t e j i .11-EE HOSPITAL, Gray's-inn-road, ('rrt,jou rinnediate vicinity of the Great Northern Rail- P- 8, King's-ross. e4,;iiti-te-11,.._Rer Most Gracious "Maje.ty the QUEEN. 4 residetlLllls Royal Highness the Prince of WA LE G ~, Ills Grace the Duke of BUCCLE UCH, K.G. i n ' t_he t,„.„_ Ireasurer—F.dward Masterman Esq kilisisC,',",iorelis and urgent appeals of the ' si - k . poor for ad ti t t 4 lit a t r ( p:iel. the C ommittee to entreat the bounty of the !tiotNat aa buinane, as the medical officers are daily obliged rite 4(1(11471-patients many distres-ing eases which. with terlit.l'ermsese it md, they would gladly admit into the wards. Ti le r 0 1 the llospital are capable pit containing 500 l i cilli i, t ' l lt i ry c l i tal la not endowed, but is wholly dependent on 1 1 4reaeur ntributions and legacies, which are received by 1-p,. %,are, &r,,,ridward Mas , ernian, Esq., Nicholas-lane; also 44,ttat4lmou Co.anmclua& i,rDerstio:;rgaotilirdoLnd and gae.r.ritns tad ande =0 • c°' Gin and Jones Loy . ;Barclay N,„_„ b,., INV° , Ourii e ft- 41 and Co. W Biams, Deacon, and Co. Nit h t rait o ,__,Y, and Co.; Nisbet and Co., Berners-street -•,espit.,,i Co. ; I. Barned and Co., Liverpool ; and at -,,, Irian io till 5. bTANFORD 13. SUITE EiCcretary. T" E 0X F OR D $, OXFORD STREET, W. TIIIS EVENING, will be performed Selections from the following Operas, viz., THE SLAVE, by Sir H. Bishop; also, from LA FORZA DEL DESTINO—Verdi ; by the fol lowing talented artistes.—Misses !Russell, Townley, Fitz- Henry, S% slmsley, Tyrrell, and Ellison ; Messrs. Green, Huisb, Kimberley, Stuart, &c. Flute by Drew Dean. Pianoforte, Miss Bryant. Comedy, by W. Randall, W. T. Critchfield, T. Maclagan, George Hutehenson, Miss Nelly Powor, and the marvellous Gymnasts, Messrs. Berri, Leach, and Foster. THIS EVENING, supported by the entire company, a new and original Cantati, entitled "King Christmas." writ ten by Litchfield Moseley, Esq., and!composed by W. Meyer Lutz, expressly for the establishment, Director, Mr. F. Jonghmans. ICI C° ,or 21r 1 # $ t 10ell df ,te°o O r a l 1;f li os ' 1 0 ' 1 VI i t