The Sun. — London, England, 1863-10-29 00:00:00

R0'1" Ala GLIS II OPERA, C( )VENT-GARDEN. Ur ,der Vie Management of Miss Louisa Pyne and Mr. W. Harrison. THIS EV ENING, Wallace's Romantic Opera, TIIE DESf li.T FLA; WER : Mi ss Louisa Pyne, Miss Susan Pyne ' • Messrs. W. IL W e iss, IL Corn, A. Cook, and W. Harrison Conductor, Mx .A. Mellon. — Doors open at half - past Seven: commence at. Eight. THEATI tE ROYAL DRURY- LANE. m ariAg el 8, Messrs. E. Falconer and F. B. Chatterton. THIS EVE KING, GONE TO TEXAS. Mr. Walter Lacy and Miss Alui ray. Aber wh - .cl t. Lord Byron's Choral Tragedy, MANFRED. Messrs. rl )s, Ryder, Rayner, Mr•agreson, Ward, Svencer Mi ssrs. heat h.__ \tisk! Atlpnson, Miss Leclercq, and Mrs. E. Falconesl. r_ s 11e c w cahsts Mis s Poole, Poole, Miss hitter, Miss Cicely N o t', is yood, and r. Swift. To conidud e with A ROLAND FOR AN OLIVER. THEATRE ROYAL HAYM ARKET._ So' e Lessee and Manao - er, Mr, Buckstone. '1: LTIS EV Er.s.ING, OUR, MARY ANNE. Alter whi ch, COOL AS A CUCUMBER. Mr. Charles Mataews. Fo!lowed by THE GOLDEN FLEECE Ntessrs. Charles IVlathew , , Compton,Weathersby,,t.;.; Mesilamea C. MAthews, L Keeley. Griffith, &e. And. MY HUSBAND'S GHOST. Commence at 7. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. Under the Sole Management of Mr. Fechter. Mr. Ii:ECHTER begs respectfully to inform the Nobility and Public that the above Theatre will OP KN on SATUR DA.Y next, with a new Drama, entitled BEL DEMONIA , a Love ti tory, in Four Acts, in which Mr. Fechter will ap pear, :supported by Messrs. Broil him, S. Emery, G. Jordan andl4`. Charles ; Miss Kate Terry, Miss Lavenue, r s. Lec and Elsworthy. The Box-office will be opened on Monday. Oct. 26, from eleven till five. MISS BATEMAN.—LE A Fl.—The celebrated young American Actress, Miss BATEMA:st, having en her first appearance in the New Drama of LEA(' ob tained the most triumphant and enthusiastic success that has been witnessed for many years, and the profound impression created by her impersonation of the character ot LEA.LI upon a crowded audience havin , * been completely ratified by the unauirnous verdict and critical approval of the entire Daily Press, the Al auager of the NEW ADELPI THEATRE has the honour to announce tha EVERY AT EMAN will appear in the New D rama of LEAL/ EVENING till further notice. NEW HE-ROYAL,TiIEA ADELPHI.-- Sole Provnator and Manazer. Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, at 7, TIIE TRAGEDY QUEEN: Mrs. At 8, the New Dra St ir li ng LEAH : Miss Bateman, supported by Messrs.Artt ur R. Phillips, Billing - ton, Stuart, A Wood, Eburn e, Miss 11. Simms and Mrs. Billington. To conclude with CATCHING AN HEIRESS : Miss Woolg,ar and lar. A. Wood. cESS'S THEA T RE. -- HERRNIANN PRIFN-rtF.STIDIGATATEUR.—Great S uccess of Herr: performances.—' lie always keeps as close to his a.tA he can, and courts their vigilance, that his superior may be letritim4tely triumphant." Times, Oct 27. - d u ex b terity Ilia celebrated FISH, RING, HAT, and MONEY TRICK, NVEI-LY EVIcNING. Constant change of programme. commencing at Eight. Half-price at Nine o'Ciock. N.B.—First Grand Morning Performance on SATURDAY next, at Three. ROYAL, STRAND THE ATRE. Manager, Mr. W. H. Swanboro ug h. Tins EVENING, TURN HIM OU f. Mr. C. Fenton. ,kfter which, MIRLAW6 CRIME. Messrs. G. Honey, fa,-selle, Belford, Turner, Miss K.Saville, and Miss Slanders. Foi towed by THE MOTTO, " I'M ALL THERE." Messrs. Hone y. Turner, E. Danvers, Collier, Mesdames Ada Swan borouol, F...flughes, Weston, Thorne, Wallace, and Jenny White. Commence at 7. rCE TE'IRD EDITION OF " THE SUN," ontaini: the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, n be had Every Evening- of G. E. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. HIGH. 'WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS Di .—.Morning, 3n. 22m.—Afternoon, 3h. 40m. To-mop.Row.-Morning, 3h. 59m.—Afternoon, 4h. 18m. The Weather—Sun Office, Oct. 29, 1863. THERMOMETER. This dlny at Two o'clock 54 Barometer-29.28. Wind—S.-South-East ; moderate breeze, and cloudy, with rain. riN , LONDON, THURSDAY, OCl'. 29, 1863. Among the most urgently required of all legal reforms in this country is the creation of the office, and the selection of a fit and proper person to fill that office, of—A Public Prosecutor. Sooner or later —probably later, though Heaven grant it may be sooner, than the majority of us anticipate—England will, for certain, number that Great Law Officer of the Crown and of the People among her public functionaries. In the meantime, until the date of his summons into official existence—he has his re presentative, and no undistinguished representative, in a volunteer substitute, ever vigilant in the detec tion of wrongs, ever prepared to plead for the weak against the powerful, with a voice we have all of us long since come to recognise as familiar, a voice strangely penitrant in its accents, uttering words of a -eery singular though of a very simple eloquence, and this, moreover, from the most conspicuous tribune (in this land sacred to free speech, to free writing, and to free printing) outside the walls of Parlia ment. The Great Tribune or Rostrum we refer to is, as every man of common sense and observation will at once have recognised, the Times Newspaper. And the Volunteer Public Prosecutor who speaks from that rostrum, who pleads from that tribune, at uncer tain intervals, never but when there is some very sad or most serious occasion for his so doing—who does not know hi m ? whether by his nom de plume, or by his mere initials, chiefly by the latter, simply as J. otherwise 0., ot • se J ACOB OMNIUM. A SAUL amongst publicists, towering above them by a head and shoulders. Never wielding his formidable scourge save upon the backs of wrong doers pos sessing power, and u sing that power cruelly. The very snap of his .rhetorical thong,to speak, we see m to recognise even at its first ; so stroke—that very first stroke, as it were, invariably drawing blood. BOAN ERGEs, in hi s way, With a voice of thunder, this Volunteer as a Public P rosecutor is the very an tithesis, the exact antip o d es to pougut ea Iv'y IV VILLE, of terrible memory. Pitiless against any and every physical wrongdoer whom he m ay have singled out for Prosecution thus before the Tribunal of Publics Opinion, his selection of the individual to be prosecuted has hitherto been what TINVILLE'S never was—just ! His selection is just, but it is far more than that, it is generous. It is just a s a means, as the most effectual means, for bringin g any more than usually henions offender to retribution_ and it is generous as the securist and the readiest means whereby to vindicate the reputation and re habilitate, wherever that might yet be possible, the broken and ruined fortunes of the victims of the wrong done, namely, by the pillorying thus of the doer of that wrong in the sight and hearing, to the scorn and horror, of all thoughtful men. Although JACOB OMNIUM has chosen now—for Some reason that we care not at this moment even to conjecture —to plead for the weak I l'ghirist the strong, from a less conspicuous and ele vated position tban that from which the public at la rge has been for years past in the habit of lir ' tcnin 't to his voice, of t' his incisive logic, NC.lng the keeness of f and of following first of all to be borne awa y ' h ! l rwards upon its rushing current the sweep or . : ee persuasive and overwhelming argutnents—b, rwments, when t he sever, even at his happiest nation thro w the " been addressing the columns o f the :limes, he h:ts never once yet more signal advalite „ appeared to gre a t er or e now, at this present m otn u t?nf Ul4ll ha appears „ .._ ho ' w " e the w r it er o f t h e Iv 1 1 ,11bilee i l urt-Martial " in tphnew pagespaper ot, t h o e n n t e h we '\ : her of th e as taken u p CornAill Mar j a;:ifie fo: December lino the cudgels this time—for his bl owsri:u ow witha moree deadening effect tha n even fr om h weighted and triple - k notted s courge of iron as the terrible, though ge ntle-hearted vindicator o; the memory of poor Sergeant-Mpjor TALLEY, l ate of the 6th Dr3g09115---98 the dispassionate champion of the ignored and seat t::..rod rigats of raptain Sm44E6, altlo (though aot by dying, by being wrongfully cashiered) late of that regiment—as the wreaker of a fierce and overwhelming retribution upon the head of that wretched Colonel CRAWLEY, who is still,lamentable to relate, in command of the gallant and outraged Inniskillings ! Col. CRAWLEY, it is true, has yet to be formally and solemnly tried by Court-martial. But already poor dead and gone Sergeant-Major LILLEY, unfortunate Capt. SMALES, in effect the great majority of the officers of the 6th Dragoons, whether commissioned or non-commis sioned,: already have they all been, thanks to" J. 0., / signally avenged upon their wanton persecutor.. According to the written and printed evidence of that unhappily but too well known court-martial at Mhow, Colonel CRAWLEY would appear to have striven at one time to goad his younger subordi nates, or rather insubordinates, as he chose then to regard them, into a disgraceful return to the old brutal system of Duelling—to goad them back into that wicked and obsolete folly, by sneers the most irritatingly supercilious. And now, as a pendant to that incident of Colonel CRAWLEY'S endea vour to sneer the officers of the 6th Dragoons into a revival of Duelling, JACOB OMNIUM has so written of Colonel CRAWLEY himself —has written of him truths so dark end darn natory—that one might almost anticipate that a man thus written of must succumb before the force of so overwhelming an impeachment. The Court martial has yet to come on, however, and the public will look with breathless eagerness to observe the sequel of this lamentable travestie of a travestie, this miserably serious military version of " Bombastes Furioso," in which a sickening tragedy has arisen out of the hectoring babble of a burlesque. It is a lamentable thing that our courts of law will not recognise the incalculable difference that exists between the different offences brought before them. One would think that common sense would show them where justice ought to exert its utmost rigour, and where mercy might appropriately come in and temper the verdict. As at present arranged and carried out, there seems an universal tendency to screen as much as possible the perpetrators of cruel offences, and to be as severe as possible upon those who have only committed some depredation against property, or such like. Of course it is only right and fitting that all these and similar misde meanours should be put down at once with a strong hand, but surely a vast difference should be recog nised and maintained between them and those cruel outrages that disgrace humanity. Som© of the cases that came recently before the police courts are most extraordinary, and both in town and country seem alike preposterous. It would be well if those who hold responsible positions would act in their judgment as men, as well as on their rules as magi strates or judges. Many decry any interference with the prerogative of those whose office it is to administer the law, and are very indignant with those who presume to comment in any way upon their exercise of power and their rendering of jus tice. This might be all very well if the results around us were more satisfactory; but when a cry ing evil exists it is time to suggest, with all due deference to superior wisdom, that some alterations of a remedial nature should be made. The incon sistency seems patent to all of giving a sentence of only two years' imprisonment to a man who had nearly killed his wife, and entirely destroyed the sight of both her eyes, and then inflicting double that term of imprisonment on a man who was con victed of stealing medals. This is rating property against persons with a vengeance. It is the more inexplicable, because a man who had stolen watches and been previously convicted several times, had a four years' sentence passed upon him. Why, then, did the man whose wife had been seriously injured by his brutal vio lence on several occasions, escape with such com parative immunity. It is really going the way tc encourage crimes of the most debasing nature that can disgrace and degrade mankind to persist in this extraordinary and extravagant leniency. But this case just cited is not a solitary one—it has plenty to keep it in countenance, and to bear out its enactment by precedent. In the court where one man is sentenced to three years' penal servitude for stealing a shirt, and another to three months' imprisonment for nearly killing a child of tender years with his ruffianly treatment, it might seem that this system had reached its height. In a sudden fit of passion or a moment of great irrita tion, many serious injuries may be inflicted, and life itself threatened ; but still some excuse, if not reason, may be urged, that the wrong was not intentional. No such argument can be valid in a case where a man takes up a " leather strap" to beat a child only two years and a half old, That man was guilty of murder in his heart, and it seems almost a pity, in one way, that the little sufferer was not released from the life of torment it must lead with such a man—and then there would be the further satisfaction that the wretch must have been brought before a tribunal which would have meted out to him the justice he deserved. No humane person but will shudder as he reads this atrocious barbarity the natural impulse of every one would be to knock such a man down ; but they will learn that the laws of England only inflict severe punishments when tools, or shirts, and such like articles are stolen : but the safety of the person, and attacks on weak women and defenceless children are very trivial and minor offences. It is absurd to attempt to palliate such a mockery of justice, and such a violation of the first principles which should rule and regulate the working of the law. Truth and right should be more important than the pleasure of our judges and the fancies of our ma gistrates. It comes to this—there is now no de terring influence at work to check or retard the Spread an d progress of these violent offences. The brutes (if they think at all) can say to themselves, " After all, I shall only get a month or so—it won't be as if I stole a coat or a s hi rt. " It i s an insult to our sens e o f propriety as a nat i on that such things should b e allowed to take pla ce i n our cour t s o f law—it is a v i olation that serious cr i mes shoefutlhde bfirst ranked principles far b e o l f o j w u s a t i n c d e visited with far less penalties than cffences that may often be associated with extenuating circumstances, Stealing can never be justifiable, but it is often comprehensible enough. Who can tell iv menu cases to what shifts the poor wretches have been reduced before they have transgressed the law. The hard pinchings of poverty, t h e expenses of sickness, and the desire to provide some necessary for an ailing re lative, have o ften propell e d th fetal deed which has been so severely visited b 3 the ministers of the law. On the Other hand nothing whatever can at all palliate the exereiss of cruelty. Talking of first offences is ridiculous, because a man who is once cruel will be always. ly vibited for his offence. cruel, if he ie not eurameii It is his nature that has prompted him, and un less he can be made to fe,el that a stronger than he, even the law, will exact a penalty for hi, crime, in some measure in unison with its enor mity, it is useless to hope or to expect that an) great improvement will be made in his conduct Society is not safe with such ruffians amidst it. A tow years spent at home in the commissiut, of these crimes, that arc fosteeed by the leniency of the law, and they rally forth en the, world to commit the lawless outrages and the desperate deeds that fill the prisons with hardened crimi nals, and scare respectable people from their pro priety. If nothing can induce the authorities to enact the law with more justice, cannot the Legis lature appropriately interfere, and not leave so much to the option of the magistrates? An arbi trary line might be drawn between cases where a discretionary power may be safely exercised and where any leniency would be fatal to the interests of society and the cause of justice. If the present reading of the laws relating to gross outrages and excessive cruelty are not sufficiently stringent, in the name of sense and reason let them be altered. The state of things now prevalent will not be rec tified until it shall be no longer possible for the perpetrators of barbarous inflictions on the weak and helpless to escape scatheless, as it were, from the grasp of the law. Civilisation is disgraced by the commission of such crimes with such frequency; and it is a blot on the vaunted laws of the land that no power is sufficiently strong that is vested in their hands to check, much less to put a stop to, the commission of fearful evils, and the perpetra tion )f horrors that make one shudder to read of, and deplore the inability or unwillingness to exter minate them, The despatches relating to the recent transac tions which have ended in the removal of a very competent and experienced public servant from a post of considerable responsibility and importance have just been laid before the public. The com plimentary letter, in which Earl RUSSELL bows out the parting Minister, Sir JAMES HUDSON'S courteous but cold reply, the Foreign Secretary's explanatory note to Mr. ELLIOT, and that gen tleman's report of his audience with the KING, are all open to inspection, and a very curious page of official correspondence they represent In the first epistle of the series we find Earl RUSSELL informing Sir JAMES HUDSON that her MAJESTY has taken the opportunity of his pro posed retirement to express her approval of his long course of public services, by the bestowal of the Grand Cross of the Bath. He further states that the Royal approval has been obtained for the grant of the retiring pension belonging to a mission of the first class. After this declaration of the Royal favours Earl RUSSELL goes on to declare his own satisfaction with the exertions of Sir JAMES, and his conviction that " no Lan has obtained so completely the confidence and regard of the Italian Government and people" as him self. " Nothing," says the Foreign Secretary, "could have induced him to recommend the QUEEN to appoint any other representative, but Sir JAMES HUDSON'S own wish," and then comes a somewhat singular passage, "had any of the principal embassies been vacant I should have asked her MAJESTY'S permission to offer it to you." If Sir JAMES really wished to retire, from ill health and long services, how was it the Secre tary of State esteemed it probable that he would be willing to accept another and even more re- sponsible post ? As no such convenient vacancy was perceptible, however, Eirl RUSSELL thought it advisable to forward Sir JAMES'S letter of re call. This letter, cordial and complimentary as it seems, has yet one noticeable omission. We find no expression of surprise or regret at Sir JAMES HUDSON'S proposed retirement —no attempt to persuade him to reconsider his deter mination. It was not to b© expected that an ELLIOT was to be kept waiting for such com fortable quarters, and Earl RUSSELL'S satisfaction at the convenient vacation of the coveted post is pretty plainly perceptible under his plausible and Complimentary phrases. Sir JAMES HUDSON, with true diplomatic ingenuity, contrives in reporting his interview with the KING, to remind Earl Rus SELL of the cause of his resignation. VICTOR EMMANUEL having very naturally asked of Sir JAMES the reason for his retirement—a retirement which his frequent intercourse with the KING must have convinced his MAJESTY could not be ac counted for on any plea of age or infirmity—Sir JAMES replied that he had thought himself bound by an engagement with Earl RUSSELL. " Offered promotion in March, 1562, I had obtained permis sion to decline it and to continue at his MAJESTY'S Court till such time as my pension for public ser vice was due to me." It will be observed that Earl RUSSELL'S allusion to the pension tallies very well with this part of the suppo.sed agreement. This Answer appears to have been too plain to give satis faction, for the next news is that Earl RUSSELL thinks it desirable to give his version of the affair in a letter to Mr. ELLIOT, his successor. According to this everything has been done out of pure kind ❑ess and consideration for Sir JAMES. There was a report ayear or two ago, says the noble earl, that it was intended to appoint Sir JAMES to an em bassy, an intention which did not exist. In March, last year, it was supposed that a vacancy would soon occur in an important embassy. Thinking Sir JAMES HUDSON the fittest person for " a diffi cult and very responsible post," Earl RUSSELL con sulted him privately about the matter, i.e., gave him a gentle hint that his room would be better than his company at Turin. Sir JAMES declined the proffered embassy, but taking the hint given had expressed his willingness to retire so soon as his years of service entitled him to a pension, and accordingly the required period having been reached this autumn he tendered his resignation. Now, Earl RUSSELL'S version of the story does not explain away two or three awkward facts. What should have made Sir JAMES HUDSON, whose sagacity was keen enough and.whose understanding was clear enough to steer through all the difficulties of the Italian question, take such an idea into his head as the engagement with Earl RUSSELL, if really that noble Earl had given him no foundation for it ? Why should he be co firmly convinced on the point as to refer to such an engagement openly in communicating directly with Earl RUSSELL, and to feel bound by it to resign an office for which he was eminently adapted, and which he particularly liked ? It is strange that if he was mistaken in such a supposi tion, the Foreign Secretary should have left him under so singular a misapprehension during all these months, and stranger still that when his re signation was at length tendered there was not the slightest hesitation in accepting it. This readiness to superannuate a valuable and active public ser vant could scarcely arise from a belief that his working days were past, seeing that Earl RUSSELL, by his own showing, thought him " a fit person to recommend to her MAJESTY for a nifficult and very responsible post" so lately as the spring of last year. Unless, therefore, Sir JAMES'S health and faculties have very suddenly failed him, he is at the present moment more than equal to the fulfilment of his duties at Turin. It could hardly have been that he failed to give satisfaction in either Italy or England, since we had VICTOR EMMANUEL giving utterance to kindly feelings towards the departing Minister, and the political chef himself proluse in his expression s of approval. What, then, is the answer to the riddle? Is it that the new corner at Turin bears the charmed name of ELLIOT ? Mould the same drama have been played, had the patronymics been exchanged, and Sir J. HUDSON expressed a desire to fill an offica held by Mr. ELLIOT ? It is an unfortunate coincidence that the gentleman who has superseded 4 lope tried public THE SIJN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 29, 1863. servant bears a name which the English public has learned to look upon with suspicion as being some thing too general in our official lists. The inconve nient amount of attention which has been directed to this little diplomatic transaction has possibly had the effect of shortening Earl RUSSELL'S official memory, but Sir JAMES'S appears to be very clear on the subject. It must be nearly as gratifying to diplomatists as to the people generally to see long years of arduous service quietly superseded by a gentleman whose experience bears about as much proportion to their own as the military knowledge of the raw recruit bears to the acquirements of the practised general. Octogenarians and Nonagenarians, Lord Palmerston, who completed his seventy ninth year on Tuesday, and who, if any man can, may be taken as a thorough type of the working statesman, is still the gay, buoyant, ever-youthful hero of debate, because of his active interest and participation in the affairs of the time. Leigh Hurt, who wcs born the day before Palmerston, and who may stand as a perfect specimen of the pure literary man, fell short of seventy-five, though his theoretical interest in all kinds of questions was con siderable. Of the Lake poets and essayists, Words worth was the only one who died really old, Rogers —to speak of another set of authors—lived to be ninety-two; but then Rogers was a man abroad in society, and very little of a dreamer by the Lethean streams of Helicon. Walter Savage Landor, still surviving at nearly ninety, is a case against us; but he is con spicuous as an exception. Goethe and Humboldt, in their 85th year, showed, however, no diminution of their mental vigour; and Hobbes went on writing politics, philosophy, and poetry, up to his 92d year, in which he died. Intellectual wrestling, or golf - playing, seems to be the greatest aid to length of years that we can identify as such. The statesman is "always in a triumph or a fight ;" and where this does not ex haust the system (as it does in the physically feeble) it seems actually to stimulate, intensify, and prolong the secret energies of being, There are measures to be carried, or to be defeated, on the success or failure of which the man has set his heart ; there is a party to be served, and another party to he out witted end out-maneouvred, or met openly in the lists, " Shall this dearly cherished object fail for want of trying ? Shall that other succeed because I, a party leader whom my party can't well do without, choose lazily to give up the battle, and slink away to my arm-chair and slippers ? The fight is still proceeding; the enemy is strong, and threatens to outflank us; is this a time for rest ?" These are considerations which rally all the forces of life, as the sound of a pibroch is said to rally the Highland regiments whenever for a moment they are driven back and disheartened. The old statesman con tinues to live because he has a motive for living, or rather many motives, which will not suffer him to sta grate. The mere desire to live is much ; but there must be a specific object to live for—some thing in the future whereon our gaze is earnestly fixed —something towards which we direct all the capacities of the soul. This is more the case with lawyers and statesmen than with any other class. Bishops often live to an extreme age ; but they are the statesmen of the ecclesiastical world, and are kept alive by precisely the same influencee. The Biship of Exeter is no‘v 86, and bids fair to rival Lord Lynd hurst in length of days. It is sometimes the same with great soldiers and sailors. Lord Combermere, who must be 90 or more—who was an officer in the British army when Robespierre was heading the Reign of Terror, and a cavalry general as far back as the Peninsular war—has been in the thick of affairs all his Life, and therefore comes within the conditions to which we are alluding. The service of the State, in some capacity or other, seems to be your true elixir vita. Nestor, we are persuaded, was a myth, embodying the idea that to be a prime minister, or a lord chancellor, or a bishop, or a field-marshal, or in some other way a leader of men, is the surest me a's of living to be very old. The poets say that the eloquent adviser of the Greeks during the Trojan war survived 3 generations of men. It has been disputed whether this means that he lived to be three hundred, or only ninety, counting thirty years as the average of a generation ; but the latter will serve. Homer, in writing of Nestor, fore shadowed Lyndhurst, Lansdowne, and Brougham. Doge Dandolo, when above ninety, and blind, con quered Constantinople, and reigned there for two years. When Brennus and his Gauls invaded Rome, they found a senate of old men seated in their ivory chairs, and recoiled for a moment, awe-struck, from such an assemblage of legislative antiquities. It has been so in all times and countries. Your states mail is constantly living to be old, and, when old, is always to be found repelling wild irruptions. Talleyrand lasted to eighty-four, and Metternich to eighty-six. Nesselrode, the Russian, and General Cass, the American, are both instances of longeveus politicians. The Americans are not remarkable for long life; but the public men of the Now World contrive to hold out as well as their congeners in Europe. John Adams, the fellow-labourer of Washington, lived to be 91 ; his friend Jefferson, who died the same day, was 83. Josiah Quincy, who wrote a letter the other day about the present born, like Lyndhurst, a British subject in Ame is of Lord Lyndhurst's age. He wa s s ri t c r a u , gg b l e e fore the Declaration of Independence, and has been an active politician. General Scott and Mr. Buchanan still link the stormy present of the United States with the early part of the century, when all seemed smooth and safe ahead. Eng land has invariably been remarkable in this respect. " Old John of Gaunt, time-honoured Lan caster," was but the forerunner of a line of aged counsellors. Queen Elizabeth's Lord Burlelgh was Prime Minister of England for more than fifty years ; and Sackville, Lord Dorset, reached the age of eighty. But Continental nations have shared the honour with us in equal proportions. Sully was eighty-two when he died ; and Andrea Doria ninety. four, though his life was one unrestiog contest. Prince Adam Czertoryski must have been more than ninety when, but recently, he laid down the burden of his sorrows and his exile. Among the ancients, Cato lived to be eighty-five; and Isocrates, the " old man eloquent," whose spin, was broken down by the news of the fatal battle of Cbeeronea, starved himself to death in his ninety-ninth year, and even then, if we may credit tho histories, had strength enough to withstand his voluntary abstention from food for four days. Yet, after all, the few special instances of longe. vity which seem to border on the preternatural are not to be found among statesmen, or men of intel lect of any kind whatever. Old Parr, who is said to have lived to be a hundred and fifty, and old Jen kins, who seems to have been nearly twenty year: older still, were persons of humble birth and small intellectual capacity. We cannot call to mind any man of eminence -- even of a small degree of eminence—who passed the age of a hundred, with the exception of Macklin, the actor and dramatist, who did not finally quit the stage till he was at least ninety-nine, and lament ably broke down, from sheer lack of memory, while playing Shyleck. Anacreon might have lived to be as old, had the grape stone spared him ; but it didn't. Titian got on to ninety-six, or, as some say, ninety-nine; but there he stopped. Macklin has it all to himself as an intellectual centenarian. H. was an Irishman ; and it is noteworthy that, at the present day, the most remarkable instances of longe vity are to be found among the Irish poor- Lynd burst, too, was Irish by blood; but the actor heat him by sixteen years, dying at a hundred and seven. Fancy a peer at a hundred years old getti ng on he legs to address the blouse of Lords, and losing the thread of his discourse !—_London Talc" MR. CUI3ITT, M.P.—Yeaterday morning accounts were received in town of the dangerous illness of Mr. Wm. Cubitt, M.P. for Andover. The hon. gentleman is at his seat, Penton Lodge, near Andover, Hants. The hon. gentleman. who is in his 73d year, has for some time been ailing, but no fear was entertained until within the past few days. THE HEAD . OF TIIE HOUSE OF MACMAIION, the Marquis Charles MacMahon, nephew of the Duke of Ma genta, has just died, at the age of 35, after three years of 14teilBe ouffering. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. [REUTER'S TELEGRAM.] POLAND. EXECUTIONS IN WARSAW. WARSAW, OCT. 29. At 9 o'cloctc this morning four Polish gendarmes were hanged on the Gezyhoff-Kiaare in this capital, by sentence of court-martial. AUSTRIA. VIENNA, OCT. 28. The Presse of this evening has received advices from Warsaw announcing an increase of Russian arbitrary rule. Upon the 23d a razzia was made upon the young men of the Polish capital. Several hundreds were seized, searched, and stripped to the skin. The same operation was repeated at night, 130 young men being arrested and carried off to the citadel. The Ostdeutscho Post publishes a leading article upon the danger of the general situation, owing to the systematic hesitation of Austria, " who could easily prevent any catastrophe." The writer con cludes by observing that the true interests of Austria are only to be found in energetic communi cation with France. SPAIN. A Council of Ministers has approved the draft of the speech from the throne to be delivered at the opening of the Cortes. THE BOMBAY AND MAURITIUS MAILS. The following telegram has been received at Mr. Reuter's office from the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company : ALEXANDRIA, OCT. 28. The Euxine and the Delta left with the above mails at 10 a.m. this day. The former may be expected at Marseilles on the 3d, and the latter at Southampton about the 10th November. The Nome, from Mauritius, reached Suez on the 25th, and the Benares, from Bombay, on the 26th inst. FRANCE. PARIS, OCT. 29th. The Mexican Consuls in Paris, Bordeaux, and Havre having been compelled to cease their func tions, the affairs of these consulates have been tem porarily placed in charge of the Consuls of Guatemala, BOURSE, Oct. 28.—The market continues heavy, and business done shows a further decline. Threes, for the Account, are now at 671. Mobilier have receded to I,ooof. Railway Shares rather offereet, with a slight decline in some of the lines. The market continued heavy off as follows : It per Cents .. 95 Do. end month.... 3 per Cents Do. end month G6 90 Credit Mobilier 1082 b 0 Do. end month 1082 Bank Shares 3310 Credit Fancier 1282 50 Roman :o the close, and the left Italian Loan 73 05 Do. end month 73 0 5 Yew ditto Do. end month — Russian Austrian .. B4 50 Spanish Threes 63 75 Elome Debt Deferred - RAILWAYS. Orleans Northern Lyons and Mediterranean N evi , ditto Genova Southern Western Eastern Sardinian Austrian Lotob,rd .. North of Spain Saragossa Ditto to Barcelona CaBh. Account. 975 .. 977 50 980 .. 980 955 950 910 493 25 .. 683 75 .. 683 75 515 506 25 413 75 .. 415 - 415 - 415 - 560 - .. 560 -• 540 - .. 537 50 630 - .. 630 - 34'J - .. 340 - AMERICA. (REUTER'S EXPRESS.) (Per City of London.) NEW YORK, OCT. 17. The reported falling back of General Meade's army to Manassas is fully confirmed, and Lee's army is said to occupy most of the old Bull Run battle-ground, and the road leading into London Valley to the North of it. The following is from a despatch to the New York Times:— The enemy made two desperate and unsuccessful attempts to-day (Oct. 14th) to whip our army in detail, and destroy our trains. Just at daybreak between Catlett's station and Warrenton, Stuart and A. P. Hill made a simultaneous attack upon Gregg's cavalry, and the second corps. Almost the first intimation of their presence was the opening of their batteries upon the second corps. Oar troops were speedily in position and the enemy were re pulsed with considerable loss. Late in the afternoon Hill made another dash to cut off the second corps. Ile first attacked the rear of the fifth corps. When the head of the second corps had reached Kettle Run near Bristoe's Station, Hill made a terrific onslaught upon both corps. The second corps was on the east side of the railroad track and used the road embankment for breastwork with great advantage. Several changes were made, and each time the rebels were forced back with great slaughter, leaving their killed and wounded in our hands. A rapid artil lery fire was kept up until long after dark by both sides, when the enemy gave up and retired. The following General Order was published on the loth : " Head Qaarters, Army of the Potomac, Oct. 15th. "The Major-General Commanding announces to the Army that the rearguard, consisting of the Second Corps, was attacked yesterday while march ing by the flank. The enemy, after a spirited contest, was repulsed, losing a battery of five guns, two colonels, and 450 prisoners. The skill and promptitude of Major-General Warren, and the gallantry and bearing of the officers and soldiers of the Second Corps are entitled to high commen dation. " MAJOR-GENERAL MEADE. By command of (Signed) " S. WILLIAMS." A despatch to the Associated Press says : " The falling back dour Army from Rappahannock station to Bristow's and Catlett's stations is repre sented as a magnificent spectacle. They marched by four parallel lines. There were no delays nor confusion. Every movement being conducted with remarkable regularity," In the recent conflict between Pleasanton and Stuart's forces the latter were endeavouring to (fleet a flank movement on the former. A few particulars of the engagement at Brig tow's and Utica's station have been received. It appears that the rtbels furiously attacked the Second Army Corps, commanded by General Warren, and the cavalry division of General Gregg. The corps being one of the oldest and highly effi cient, succeeded in stopping the rebel advance, com pelling them to fall back With heavy loss, our own troops suffering also largely. The Federal cavalry fought with great desperation, leaving many dead and wounded on the field. At six o'clo2k in the evening General Lee made a desperate attempt to flank General Meade by the way of Chantilly, and endeavoured to get in his rear by way of Fairfax Court-house, In this he walii un. successful, as General Meade anticipated the rebels by falling rapidly back to the coveted spot, thus effectually checking a movement which would have endangered both the Army of the Potomac and the Capitol. Some of the rebel prisoners stated that they marched from Hanover Junction, near Richmond, since Saturday. It was thought that there would soon be a battle on the old Bull Run grounds, the rebels apparently waiting for their supplies to come up from the Rapidan, some 40 miles distant, the Federals having effectually destroyed the railroad in their:rear, on their retreat. NVAsiNcToN, Oct. 16 (Evening). The army of the Potomac has thus far re treated, closely followed by L"e. A battle would probably have been fosght on the old Bull Run ground had Meade accepted it. Lee moved heavily on his thnk, and Meade fell still further back. Yesterday A. P. Hill's corps moved towards Leesburg, as if intending to cross into Maryland at Ewart's Ferry; a reconnaissance, however, showed that nothing of the kind had resulted. From the information at hand, it is thought that Lee will not leave the protection of the Bull Run Moun tains until the severe storm now prevai:ing abates. Lee holds the old Bull Run battle-ground. A despatch to the New York World says "There was some skirmishing yesterday all along the lines, but no general engagement. Our army was in position last night. All baggage and transporta tion trains were sent to the rear, and sutlers were ordered to Alexandria. Our army is in a safe position, and prepared for any attack." It was believed in Washington yesterday (16th), that no general engagement would take place for a day or two, in consequence of the prevailing storm. The World asserts that Meade's retreat is caused by the depletion of his army, by sending Republi can soldiers home to vote, and says :—" The simple truth is that Meade held his position until the Administration weakened his army to carry the State elections, and he was then compelled to fly before his pursuing foe." Despatches from Chattanooga to the 10th state that no attack had been made by the enemy since the 7th inst., that their batteries on Lookout Mountain had been removed, and that the Federal batteries had opened fire on Missionary Ridge, and compelled Bragg to remove his headquarters there from. Deserters from Bragg's army report that the mysterious engagement within the rebel lines on the 6th was a fight between a brigade of Georgian's militia and the regular troops. The former refused to ctoss the State line, and the refusal brought on the collision. The damage done to the Nashville and Stevenson Railroad has been repaired, and trains are running regularly. Wheeler's cavalry was closely followed, in their late raid, by the Federals, and several times defeated. They are now scattered in the region between Duck and Elk Rivers. The rebels are said to be very actively building pontoons. This indicates an attempt to dislodge Rosencranz from his position, by a flanking move ment, across the river. All of which will be pro vided for by General Rosencranz. There has been no communication for several days with General Burnside. The public has been wrongly impressed as to the strategic relations of his command with the army of Rosencranz. It is serving a good purpose, but not in the manner generally supposed at the North. The following congratulatory order has been issued by General Rosencranz : " Army of the Cumberland.—You have made a grand and successful campaign; you have driven the rebels from Middle Tennessee. You crossed a great mountain range, placed yourselves on the banks of a broad river, crossed it in the face of a powerful opposing army, and crossed two other great moun tain ranges at the only practicable passes, some forty miles between the extremes. You concen trated in the face of superior numbers ; fought the combined army of Bragg, which you drove from Shelbyville to Tullahoma, of Johnston's army of the Mississippi, and the tried veterans of Longstreet's corps, and for two days held them at bay, giving them blow for blow with heavy interest. When the day closed you held the field from which you withdrew in the face of overwhelming numbers, to occupy the point which you set out for—Chatta nooga. " You have accompiished the great work of the campaign ; you hold the key of East Tennessee, of Northern Georgia, and of the enemy's mines of coal and nitre. " Let these achievements console you for the re gret you experience that arrivals of fres::: hostile troops forbade you to remain on the field to renew the battle ; for the right of burying your gallant dead, and caring for your brave companions who lay wounded on the field. The losses you have sus tained, though heavy, are slight, considering the odds against you and the stake you have won. "You hold in your hands the substantial fruits of a victory, and deserve, and will receive, the honours and rlaudits of a grateful nation, which asks nothing of even those who have been fighting us but obedience to the Constitution and laws estab lished for our common benefit. "The General commanding earnestly begs every officer and soldier of this army to unite with him in thanking Almighty God for His favours to us. He presents his hearty thanks and congratulations to all the officers and soldiers of this command for their energy, patience, and perseverance, and the undaunted courage displayed by those who fought with such unflinching resolution. " Neither the history of this war, nor probably the annals of any battle, furnish a loftier example of obstinate bravery and enduring resistance to su perior numbers—when troops, having exhausted their ammunition, resorted to the bayonet, many times, to hold their positions against such odds— as did our left and centre, comprising troops from all the corps, on the afternoon of the 20th Septem • ber at the battle of Chickamauga. (Signed) " W. S. ROSENCRANZ, Major-General Commanding." SOUTHAMPTON, OCT. 29. The Hamburg and American Company's steamer Sasonia from New York on the 17th inst. arrived off the Needles at 10.40 a.m. to-day. ON D EAT HS FROM STARVAA IN record OPULENT LON DON !—The Registrar- General T many have died ath of po fom si r tive The shadows of awe, s m t , a a r a v t a t l i a o t n el n t o h u e r L i e d: c t ell. pass ed on my way to this (Albert aangdgecdh)ilsderheonol looked like dried mummies endowed w ‘ S v t i or t uc h leetn m R,o,i„—human atoms, so bent and wasted, and h ar d fate, that I passed them wondering how th e human form could endure, and still hsdd b th eu e at io nnlre ulo by within it. To think of the tens of thousands of London folk who live idle and luxurious at the West End ; to think of snug Clapham and haughty Eaton Square ; nay, to think of little Dailies, of the Post-Office, going home to his tea and muffins, or of Mrs. Grundy's very humblest relation, and then to look upon these pictures of skeleton want, framed in London fog, and beaten upon by a north-east wind ! Men and women are thoughtless in the happy west, dancing, eating, and dreamirg behind the the sighs would with splendours of Mr. Cubitt's stucco town, or many a dainty foot would press Brick Lane, and many of which the atmosphere of Spitalfields is Weighted give way to laughter,—. anchari Jerrold's Signds of Distre4, FT) tiyurt t " pi,„ Ortillat ~„ Return of her Majesty to Windsor. WINDSOR CASTLE, Oct. 28, The Queen, accompanied by their Royal High nesses Princess Helena, Princess Louise, Princess Beatrice, and Prince Leopold, Prince William, Princess Charlotte, and Prince Henry of Prussia, arrived at the Castle this morning at five minutes past nine o'clock. The suite in attendance consisted of the Lady in Waiting (Lady Churchill), Lady Augusta Bruce, Baroness Von Dobeneck (in attendance on the chil dren of the Crown Prince and Princess), Lieut.- General the Hon. C. Grey, Lord Charles Fitzroy, and Mr. Buff. Sir George Grey attended her Majesty to Perth. The chi;dren of the Crown Prince and Princess of Prussia met the Queen at the Aboyne Station, and travelled with her Majesty to Windsor. Her Serene Highness Princess Hohenlohe, at tended by Colonel F. Seymour, C. 8., arrived at the Castle yesterday from the continent, on a visit to her Majesty. BALMORAL, Oct. 27. The Queen, accompanied by the Princesses Helena and Louise, drove to Bowmont's Moss yes terday morning. In the afternoon the Queen went oat, attended by Duly Churchill, The Prince and Princess of Wales. SANDRINGHAM, Oct. 28. His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales and his Royal Highness Prince Chris!ian of Denmark arrived from Newmarket by special train last • evening. Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales, with her mother and sister, drive out daily, attended by the Countess of Morton and the Countess Reventlow. Earl Granville arrived at Sandringham yesterday. The Hon. Mr. Meade has also arrived at San dringham. Prince and Princess Louis of Hesse. Prince and Princess Louis of Hesse, with the Princess Victoria, attended by Baroness Schenck and Captain Westerweller, arrived at Buckingham Palace at 25 minutes past ten o'clock yesterday morning from Edinburgh. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge visited their Royal Highnesses. The Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Mary also paid a visit to the Prince and Princess at Buckingham Palace. The Duke and Duchess of Sutherland and family intend to leave Dunrobin. Castle, Sutherlandshire, to-day for Tarbert House, N.B. After a short stay at the latter seat the duke and duchess purpose to come south to Trent ham, Staffordshire, The Marquis and Marchioness of Salisbury close their visit to the Earl and Countess of Carnarvon to-day at Highclere, Newbury, and go to Hatfield House, Herts. The Earl of Derby is confined to his room at Knowsley with an attack of gout. The alarming reports of his illness ara destitute of any foundation. It is well known that the noble earl suffers occasionally from those attacks., and in this instance it is in a mild form. The Earl and Countess Spencer and Lady Sarah Spencer embarked at Marseilles a few days ago for Alexandria. Lord and Lady Wenlock will leave Hagley Hall, Lord Lyttelton's seat near Stourbridge, at the close of the week, on their return to Eskirck Park, Yorkshire, Lady Churchill has arriyed at the St. George's Hotel. Lord Edward St. Maur has arrived at the Duke of Somerset's residence at the Admiralty, from visiting Sir Fradetick and Lady Hermoine Graham, at Netherby Park, Cumberland.. THE LATE "FINE OLD ENGLISH GENTLEMAN," OF LULWORTH CASTLE.—The following additional particulars in regard to the obsequies of the late venerable Squire of Lulworth Castle, Dorsetehire, have been forwarded. to us by a correspondent :—Mr. Joseph Weld, born 1777, died October 19, 1863, was son of Thomas Weld, founder of Stonyhurst College, Lancashire. The funeral took place at the public chapel at Lulworth Castle, on the 27rh, at 10 a.m. The previous Monday the body was carried at 9 a.m. from the room in the castle where it had lain, the clergy and family alone being present. During the day the Catholic congregation relieved one another, and offered. prayers for the repose of the good squire's soul, according to the old custom of the Catholic Church. In the evening, at 4 p.m., a solemn dirge was performed. The choir was led by the Rev. Messrs. Magini and Walsh, assisted by Mr. Fisher, organist and schoolmaster, and the choir of the congregation. The Rev. Dr. William Vaughan, styled Bishop of Plymouth in the Catholic hierarchy, (Alicia ted, assisted by his clergy. There were present of the clergy of the diocess the Very Rev. Canon Parke, the Revs. Magin Walsh, Mount, Graham, and Charles, and of other diocesse the Right Rev. Dr. Clifford, styled Bishop of Clifton, the' Very Rev. Monseigneur Weld, nephew of the deceased, and Rev. Fathers Gallway, Hood, and Holden ; also the , Chaplain now of Lulworth Castle, the Rev. Wm. St.-icklands On Tuesday morning, at 10 a.m., the solemn burial service commenced, and all was carried on fully according to the ancient ritual of the Catholic Church, holy wate r and incense being used, which, if they appeared strange and new to Protestant assistants, at least recalled the ritual established by God himself in the old law—if then good s why evil now ? The mourners were Lord Clifford of Chudleigh ; Hon. Charles Langdale, brother of Hon. Mrs. Weld, of Lulworth; widow of deceased; Charles Weld, Esq., of Chidlock; Sir Bouchier Wray, fathor of the pre , - sent Mrs. Weld, of Lulworth Also the three Bens of ties , deceased—Edward, the eldest, who succeeds; si'homass now Weld-Blundell, of Ince, in Lancashire; and Joseph/ the youngest. Also his son-in-law, Colonel Vaugh en, ':).! Courtfield. Amongst the co ngrega ti on were M a j or -G e uerat Crispin and Captain Buller, with several other friends, an d Mr. Emson, of Dorchester, the medical attendant at the castle. The body was borne by the labourers of the castles and the pall by the steward, bailiff, and six of the princip al tenants of the estate, who volunteered their services. T 1" Right Rev. Dr. Vaughan, who is also a nephew of 19 1° deceased, officiated at the whole of the ceremonies, assist 3d by the deacon and subdeacon, and accompanied by his ref tives, Bishop Clifford, of Clifton, and Monseigneur Weld.. We understand, and the musical pub: is may b ° glad to know the fact, that the solemn rt quiein composition of Randegger, which was used for es° first time on the occasion of the lamented death of his'. 110 1 i / Highness Prince Albert, is to be performed by a it orchestra, on Sunday night next, at the Italian C 13-ar c ' 22, Hatton-wall. • HEAVY GERMAN JOKING.—The following is' the feudal election-speech of Kladderadatsch, the P ru s : sian Punch, at the "Association for the Improvemen t of the Idiotic Classes" :—" Gentlemen I Yes is Yes, and No it. is No. That is to say, it entirely depends how Y I e e me a tl ien. If I mean, when I say Yes, No ; and, if No, hoe or jis_ Yee is equal to No, and No is equal to Y ea e n s. ing , v for our Yea putes this endeavours to substitute atrait. O an u i r a N d o ve3 i r s sa N ri o es ; repeats ilent. Y s e a s .3h i s aanlwdaoyusr likeNo wtohiephteitsenudttetrnloaytt be ftYohreeesigprios:YerescOurage to do s o ; but they have, after all, to g b begin always y to s contemptible, even if the tAil cowards, gentlemen, not so. A strong and, yes, instead they . getef b mp nervous,lyacreon brazen cht which they defend w cr y, under w hich our successors airs ady continuing me in the however, does not shfienrek from anything; and therefore, join with Yes Then all will ce rta inly will once have been victorious—viz., Our Yes be IVo, end our No be es • be well 1" (L, tst beg applause.) The same paper puts the following conk ser vative query to the world's history :—" Could it not. ba arranged, in some shape or other, that the battle of Leip sia could have been won by' Papa' Wrangel P''—(the cons er vative warrior who commanded the Schleswig-Helst ein• e xpedition, a standing Berlin character, always at of Ids with grammar among other things.) BARNES OF THE " TIMES" AND HIS REPORTER - Among the many coercion bills passed for Irelaral in former . days, was on e w h en t h e late Sir Robert Peel W ,n a' s his son is ow--Irish Secretary. Of course the Secretary' had to justify his measure by showing the lawless state) o f the country, end one of the instances he adduced was, a• horrible case of a p easant ' s b ut having been surrounded in. the dead of night by a gang of Whiteboys, set on fire, and the little children, as they rushed out of the burning c ot ' rage, seized by the savages and tossed back into the flam es : " Then," said Sir Robert, waxing rhetoricel as he c lose ": his horrible tale, " then the evil genius of Ireland up raised her bloody hand.' The speech happened to be taken try a reporter whose delicate susceptibilities were rather in. 0 .7 cess, and Barn es , looking over the reports in the column s of the limes next morning, was horrified to find that 7 , sentence was gi ven , " Then the evil genius of Ireland aunt raised her b--- hand." The reporter was sent f.osr,_ d an explanation demanded. It was not far to seek b . eca W nse % sir," said the reporter, " I wrote the s bloody' taste required it; for you must own, sir, that restraintsg' thought the interests of the Times and tpheeecdhemsaonds of goci a rather a coarse word." " Yes," said Barnes, grill Nor d, but still that ' bloody' is rather a strong and coarse to ea.. with difficulty his boiling indignation , " yes—Yes, I a • instance, if I were it is sometimes appropriate. Editorsl I but it would be very true l"--From " ,r,or. .on let " 40nd922 §ociety" for Aovenikr. you are a bloody foul, it wouldi,°nro doub t, be(ivery coarse