The Sun. — London, England, 1863-01-21 00:00:00

p o AL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT GAnDEN. Uncler the Management of Miss Louisa Pync and Mr. W. Harrison, sole Lessees. 'MIS EVENING, Balfes p o p ular Opera, THE PURI- N's DAUGHTER : Madlle. Parcpa arid- Miss Susan Fyne; Messrs. Santley, IV. H. Weiss, Patcy, A. St. Albyn, J. Rouse, C. Lyail, E. Dussek, and W. Harrison. Conductor —Mr. A. Mellon. Alter which, the Grand Comic Christmas Pantomime, en titled HARLEQUIN BEAUTY AND THE BEAST. Doors open at halt-past 6—Commence at 7. 'HE AT RE-R OYA L. DRURY-LANE.- Lessee and Manager, Mr. Fdmund Falconer. THIS EVE KING, the Comic Drama of THE NExT OF KIN. After which, the Grand Pantomime of LITTLE GO DDY TWO SHOES. Commence at ' THEAT it E-RO YAI. HAY MARKET. Lessee Mr..l. B. Buckstone._ . THIS EVENING, at Seven o'clock, will be performed (*Utz. AMERICAN COUSIN. Ma Trenchard, Mr. Buck :tone% Lord Dundreary, Mr. Sothern. - _ . After which, a new and original Extravaganza, entitled RASSELAS, PRINCE OF ABYSSINIA; or, The Happy Valley. Basselas, Miss Louise Keiley. Concluding with OUR MARY ANNE. THEATRE ROYAL LYCEUM OPEN, under the Sole Management of Mr. FECIITEK. THIS EVENING, ,Tan. 21. to commence with an Orizinql Sketch, entitled ALL DDEN ATTACK. Messrs. Shore, Garden, li, Widdicomb, Miss Ilenrade, and Mrs. Lee. After. which, at a Quarter to Eight, a New Romantic Drama, in Three _Acts, and Pr)!o2ue, entitled THE DUKE'S MOTTO, by Paul Feval and John Brougham. The principal character will be sustained by Mr. Pechter, sunported by Messrs. G. Vining, J. Brougham, H. \\ iddi combe, W. M'lntyre, P. Charles, Garden, Raymond, 11. Butler, Dawson; Misses Carlotta Leclercq, Kate Terry, E. Lavenue, and Elsworthy. Mr. Phelps and Mr. W. Montgomery are engaged, and will shortly appear. Doors open at half-past Six, performanc3 to at Seven. Private Boxes, £2 1?s. dd., and £2 2s. Y 1 corn meal= registered. Stalls, 69. dd. ; Dress Circl e, as. 6d• Upper ress 55. Circle, 4s. 6d. Prices at doors --t.i;talls, 6s ; 1 1 1 3 a It price. Box- Upper Circle, 45.; Pit, 2s. ; Gallery, is. _ l `l o pubtic are entreated to office open daily from 11 till 5. 71 11° to" the occupants of b3xes, take notice that no charge is rna.-- e for the sate keep box places, or stalls, either for play bills or ing• ot hats and cloaks and that the att e n dan t s in all parts of the house are forbidd en to receive any gratuies whatever Stk2,o_managex, Mr. G. Vining - . Acting-Manager, Mr. H. Barnett. OYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Lessee and Manager. Mr Lindua. T HIS EVENING, LAW v. LOVE : Miss M. Oliver. Followed by ONE GOOD TURN DESERVES AN OTHER. Mr. R. Roxby and Miss Amy Sedgwlek. Ater which, the New Grand CHRISTMAS PANTOMIME, RIQUIiT IVITH THE rurf; or, Harlequin and Mother S:lipton." Mr. G. L'e!rnore, Mr. C. Seyton, Misses Gray and IltLispeth, Mr. Milano, Mr. R. Power, Miss A. Collinson, and Mr. Halford. NEW THEATRE-HO VAL, ADELPHI.- Sole Pronristor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, THE LI TLE TRE •1 SURE. Mr Billington, Mr. R. Phillips, and Miss Marie Wilton. After which, A TICKET OF LEAVE : Messrs. J. L.Toole, P. Bedford, and Mrs. Billingtoo. To :onchtde with " GEORGE DE BARNWELL or, Harlequin Folly in the Realms of Fancy." Miss Woolgar, Mims K. Reny, Miss Seaman ; Messrs. J. L. Toole, P. Bed ford, S•:sephenson, C. J. Smith. harlequin, Mr. John Lauri; Columbine, Miss Caroline Adams; Ciown, Mr. W. Hildyard ntaloon. Mr. J. Pdtdo. The celebrated Arthur and lie,:trand Commence at 7, The WEATHER.—Sun Office, Jan._2l, 1863. THERMOMETER. Highest since Noon yesterday. . . 37 Lowest during the night This day at Noon . Barometer-29.72. Wind—West. Weather fine, but cold. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, 3h. Sm.—Afternoon, 3h. 32m. To-sionhow.-Morning, 3h. 56m.—Afternoon, 4h. 15m, mountains of that island do, indeed, offer a most promising field for English enter prise. " There is mountain land enough in Jamaica now lying waste," says Mr. BOURNE, to give cotton to the extent of a million bales annually." Such an auxilliary is not to be despised, and the sooner the experiment is made the better, in order to confirm or dispel the hopes raised upon it. We shall need all our resources to set our mills at work again and restore the social wellbeing of our factory hands, and what resources are so trustworthy and available as those to be found in our own colonies. It mty yet be the fate of the American struggle to restore our West Indian pos sessions to their former prosperity, and to render the hated " Britishers" in some measure independent of an important branch of American commerce. un kindest cut of all — a cut from France--more indeed than a cut, American vanity has at length received the a home thrust , suc h a one, w e should think, as will leave its scar, at least for the life of the EMPEROR. The great Republic of the United States —so termed now by courtesy and the conven tionalism of diplomacy—is plainly told that, with the best wishes for its prosperity, it is not wished that it should be Dictator of the whole North of America, and eventually of the Antilles themselves. The Republic is told moreover that monarchy in Mexico, although not to be established by force, would be for the interest of France; and, as if limitation of territory and monarchy were not a dose unpleasant enough to be prescribed in one paper, it is added that another "race" ought to be restored to its prestige on the other side the Atlan tic ! In fact the notable old doctrine of "North America for the Yankees" is calmly whiffed away by the old ally of the United States. By that power, but for whose aid the United States would never have existed, would never at least have dissevered them solves from the old country by their ragged run away militia—that power now coolly tells them that, very useful in their way, they would not be useful as universal masters. We refer, cf course, to the French EMPEROR'S letter to Gen. FOREY, which many of our readers would notice yesterday in The Sun. It is dated July 3, though it has but just been communicated toEurope and America. Evidently written to be published, its language is smooth, plausible, conciliatory throughout ; but, for the same reason, it is not pub lished till its writer is pretty sure of being able to give effect to the projects he so quietly shadows forth. What those objects are Louis NAPOLEON probably has no wish that any of us should doubt ; as little that France should doubt them. In the speech to the Legislative Chamber and the Senate, the EMPEROR could hardly be said to intimate snore than that the honour of France had been insulted in Mexico, and must therefore be retrieved. But France, and Europe too might ask why should France place herself in the position in which her flag could be dishonoured? The letter to General FOREY, containing full in structions for his conduct, furnishes the answer. France was to give a Government to Mexico—a Government which could discharge the pecuniary claims of French subjects, that, however, would be but a "shopkeeper's" motive for action—the Grand Monarch of a grand nation had much higher objects in view, objects much more for the honour and the glory of France—he was aiming to create a nation across the Atlantic which should, like Italy we presume, owe a lasting debt of gratitude to France, which should look to her for support, and thus give France a weighty moral influence, if not one more than moral, in the New World. How were these ends to be attained ? First, a suitable proclamation, in accordance with a draft furnished him, was to be addressed by the General to the .inhabitants. Next he was to win all the willing to be won, by affability, to avoid quarrel ling with any party, to gain the ministers of religion, and, if possible, at the same time not to alienate those who had purchased church property, to put arms in the hands of those who were willing to fight for the French and Mexico, carefully to avoid wounding national pride, and to tolerate no military indiscipline in regard to the inhabitants : 5.n the EMPEROR'S own language " To receive with the greatest kindness all the Mexicans who shall present themselves. Not to espouse the quarrel of any party; to declare that everything is provisional, so long as the Mexican nation shall not have expressed its opinion ; to show great deference to religion, but at the same time, to tranquillise the holders of national property. To feed, pay, and arm, according to your means, the Mexican auxiliary troops, and make them play principal parts in the combats. To maintain among your trcops as well as among the auxiliaries the most severe discipline ; to vigorously repress any act or word insulting to the Mexicans, for the pride of the character must not be forgotten, and it is important for the success of the enterprise to conciliate the good feelings of the people." • 4 \ 4 , 46 , 41.;'. art LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 21, 1863 A readiness of resource is one of the prominent features of the Anglo-Saxon character. When trouble or misfortune comes, be it deserved or un deserved, limited or extended in its effects, sugges tions, schemes, and projects to mitigate the evil are seldom long wanting. So in the case of the great distress that we are now suffering from in the North, the danger and imminence of the case were no sooner felt than provided for by an organised system of national charity. But it was not enough to relieve the effects so long as the cause remained untouched, and - accordingly the question of the growth and cultivation of cotton is daily engaging more of public attention. At a meeting of the Statistical Society last evening there was a very full attendance to hear Professor LEONE LEVI read a discourse on the cotton trade and manufacture. The learned professor naturally confined himself to the history of cotton in this country, which he traced from the days when it was mainly imported, and the chief use found for the material which now affects the commerce of a world was the making of cindlewicks. It is curious to compare the development of our cotton and woollen manu factures. Professor LEVI tells us that the founda tion of the British woollen trade was laid as far back as 1328 by the Flemings, who settled in Manchester; yet that as late as the accession of GEORGE EL no fabric consisting entirely of cotton was made. We have all heard of those wonderful inventions end striking improvements by which HARGREAVES, ALKIVRIGITT, and CROMPTON revolu tionised our commerce and elevated the despised or neglected fabric into the first of our mnnufactures. The Btatistics given by Professor LEVI bring plainly Infers? us the extent of th se facts, with whose out line we are already familiar. At the breaking out of the American War there were, he observes, 6,300 factories in the United Kingdom, of Which nearly the half were for cotton. "Of 36,500,000 spindles, 30 ,000,000 were for cotton: Of 490,000 power looms, 399000 were for cotton. Of 779,000 persons employed in factories, 450,000 were employed in nottan factories ; a n d of £130,000,000, which constituted the total value of goods manufactured in in the United Kingdom, nearly £ 5 0,000,000 was the value of the cotton:manufacture." The complete dependence which we have hitherto placed ma one , country for our supply of the raw material, has, as the lecturer remarked, long efforded grounds for Ho agrees with Mr. LAING in his opi nion that, in any case, it will be some time b e f ore Zan again supply us to the Name extent. His views of our prospects were, however, far fro m gloomy. He alluded to the advance in Indian produm'ion which might be hoped for from the introduction of railways and the adap tation of our machinery to the working of Indian 43tton, and referred to the favourable specimens which our colonies have furnished, and the oppor tunities possessed by some foreign countries, which they were now seeking to turn to advantage. Italy, which 50 years ego supplied nearly all the cotton consumed in the chief markets of Europe, has set to work. Ugypt and Turkey both promise well while in South and, Central America there is wid:a scope for action. With regard to our own colonies sanguine expectations are being formed of the success of the cotton cultivation in Jamaica, whose fertile mountains offer, it is said, unusual facilities for the growth of tree-cotton. It is stated in an interest ing letter On this subject, which we publish i n another part of our impression, that Mr. KENDAL, an American farmer, who has been experimenting on its cultivation, describes a tree of this kind theiu valley of Chipura as a perfLet speci growing men . ,; f o li og , 3 had long been shed, but fully burst and turned the pods remaineo', having their spotless buds in • almost perfegt roses, which covered the entire structure with a dense mass of sp o tl ess g l os sy cotton. I had never seen anything even co;proaniiinfy in perfection to. that 8 ° 11 "rY trte." In conjecturing the weight of the yit:ld of the tree in qaestion, air. K-EIN Dl! ' goes on thr - -.t he would not he willing to fallbelow ,s the aronnat of clean lint afforded by !be When he had reached Mexico, for that was the 1 terminus of General FOREY'S journey, the semi civil, semi-military process was to begin. " The p i incipal persons of all political shades t who an shal l have embraced cur cause sho uld coma o under standingvere . The Government nt withyou toorganisewaillsubmitProvisional to G the o nnaMexican people the question of the political regime which is to be definitively established. An assembly will be afterwards elected according to the Mexican laws. You will aid the new Government to intro duce into the administration, and particularly I into the finances, that regularity of which France offers the best model. For that purpose men will be sent to second its new organisation." In all this, it is explicitly mentioned that the object to be attained is, not to "impose on the Mexicans a form of government"—they are merely to be "assisted" to establish a government accord ing to their own wishes. 'this is to be done, no doubt, in the approved modern fashion, Nice and Savoy serving the general for ready illustra tions. How can the Mexicans but choose and ac t freely under the . eye of h which h t ieh e armies lon gsto of the great re-establish n to at g eo e n t , rt p , , a o t r r d o e n r e , s , s a n o d f ' 'cl of the liberty to be factious, and of a good deal of other libert y at the same time most conducive to order, and also. What regime is to harmonious co-operation with otherieee w epowers,are t ea:d -i not be doubt e d by a Eurcpean ; hence that ~ it follows as a matter of course, that, if the Mexicans prefer a monarchy, it is for the interest of France to support them in that pith." ferlelineneweidil nboet, when nFrench m what, i t is a e r xp i e e e s t , e d their pre - ce and Power —one which a ll statesmen have found anothervery influential in reconciling needy but turbulent patriots with o ne anot h er, and their proper leader —are co-operating with the Mexican leaders. In a word, under the impartial, generous, Wi se I guidance of France, Mexico is to come forth a king dom or an empire, which is not to go begging, like poor Greece, but to choose by an imperal conge d'elire, a prince all ready for them. But, the EmrEnolt condescends to anticipate an anxiaty. A merica I?ilia having a diameter of 12 feet at the base, and objection—one which thoughtless politicians and raeas uring a trifle over 18 f ee t f rom base to apex. sour -f ace d taxpayers might offer in F rance , an d ii; as the writer f this letter state s , excellent cot , w hi c h m i g ht occur to many in America, and i n th e ton frenkperenniai shrubs has been picked 2,503 other countries of Europe, to e . there will not be feet above the level of the lea in hmaica, th e w anting people who wiU Mik you why we expend ri,.., THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 21, 1803. men and money to found a regular Government in Mexico." The answer is ready. "In the present state of the civilisation of the world.,—the prospe rity of America is not a matter of indifference to Earope, for it is that country which feeds our ma nufactories and giN es an impulse to our commerce." Even the prosperity of the United States is an ob ject of interest to Europ e, a s t h e p res ent state of its cotton manufactures show. But there is more in it than this—it is just here that the value of an independent power of the Latin Race should regain " all its strength and prestige," should gua rantee the Gulf of Mexico, and the French and Spanish West India colonies, against the dreams of Yankee Empire, and establish for France " a friendly influence in the centre of America." Such are the magnificent and generous plans of the EMPEROR. Had they been those of England, we know the shower of abuse which would have followed from the great Republic; how France will bo treated remains to be seen. Bitterly indeed must the pre sence of the Spaniards in Hayti, and the French in Mexico be felt by the Northerns. Even the South will not like the pre-occupation of a country it had destined to slavery ; but like it or dislike it, we are not to expect that the EMPEROR has published this letter to be laughed at. Last Monday there was a very interesting experi ment made with the apparatus designed by Professor HUGHES. The United Kingdom Electric Telegraph Company is desirous of adopting this design that has been successfully tried in America and in some parts of Europe. The account given of the meeting which assembled to watch the proceedings is very entertaining. The Mayor of Birmingham initiated the inquiries by the following words :—" His Wor ship the Mayor of BißmiNGllam:anticipates the plea sure of a conversation, by the HUGHES' Printing Telegraph, with the Lord Mayor of LONDON." To this was returned the following suitable reply : "The Lord Mayor of LONDON presents his compli ments, by the Printing Telegraph, to the Mayor of BIRMINGHAM, and joins in his congratulations upon electricity being seized upon and put in print. The universalisation of the electric telegraph will be promoted the more familiar it becomes, and the more it approaches in the methods of its communi cation to simple existing types, the Printing Tele graph certainly appears a complete step in this direction." After these formal civilities had been interchanged, some smart questions and sharp re joinders were next employed to test the merits of this novel scheme. On some well-known tidings being sent as news, one person indignantly ex claimed, "It is reported here that Queen ANNE IS dead;" to which the Birmingham informant answered, "And here that the Federals are in New York." Several other trials were made, and the result proved highly satisfactory to those engaged. The arrangements of Professor HUGHES'S ap paratus appear very simple. There is a row of black and white keys, similar to an organ or a pianoforte, only of considerably smaller compass, which are the means employed to execute the design. The printing is done by a wheel, on the edge of which is engraved the alphabet and nume rals. The electric current is employed to release a small rod, which brings the strip of paper momen tarily into contact with the wheel, and thus receives the impress of the letter next to it. The manipulator effects this process by touching the key on the board which answers to the name of the letter. The principle upon which the appa ratus is based is that of a synchronous movement of clockwork trains driven by weights, the regula tion being effected by vibrating rods. The follow , in g account is most interesting to study :—" The electrical waves are transmitted by a revolving arm, carrying the segment of a circle as a contact maker, and the arm revolves at the same speed in each apparatus as the type-wheel; when a key is pressed a metal plate in connection with the buttery is forced upwards and meets the contact-maker as it revolves, scrapes along its surface, the current passing the while, and is then thrown back by the contact-maker, and brought to its normal position of rest by a constant spring. The letters are printed while the type-wheel is in revolution, and the type-wheel is driven by friction, which alio NS of its being moved backwards or for wards by mcchanicll means. Each apparatus re gisters the signals sent by it, and all letters are produced at the distant end by a single wave of electricity." It is very satisfactory to know that the result of these trials was most successful, and the senders of messages were amszed to find the answers printed almost before they thought that their own sentences were complete. Professor HUGHES has already met with considerable encouragement in many quarters for his valuable instruments, and it must be a re newed source of gratification to him to be yet more extensively appreciated. If the subsequent expe -1 ricuce of time carries out at all the auspicious pro spects of the opening investigation, the directors of the United Kingdom Telegraph Company will re joice that they have adopted the invention for themselves. A great advantage is, that this system dm away with signs, which caused so much confusion and created so much error, as it is capable of being employed by any one who can read. The saving of time will be an im mense advantage, in not having to write the mes sages before despatching them; and, altogether, there seems but one opinion to prevail with regard to the happy fulfilment of the design of this inge_ nious apparatus. Men like Professor HUGHES are great social benefactors; while they aid the march of mind by their interesting discoveries, and skil ful adaptations of science to suit the exigencies of an advancing age, they also confer practical advan tages on the community, which are at mice under stood and completely appreciated even by those who have not leisure to investigate the particulars, or intellect enough to comprehend the principles on whicli these schemes are founded, and these inventions applied. M. Thiers, it is said, has refused the offer made him by the electors of Saint-Jean d'Angely (Charente- Inferieure),"to bring him forward as their candidate at the next elections. The Discusszone of Turin publishes a letter from Madame Ristori, announcing her intention to perform at Naples one night for the benefit of the sufferers from bri. gandage. A discovery has lately been made of a nettle of enormous size growing in the Fort at Periapatum, in the INlysore territory, and which produces a beautiful fibre like flax. The Bombay Chamber of Commerce has received two parcels of samples of cotton —one from Mr. Ovans, assistant collector of Poona, containing a variety of samples of kuppas and cotton, the produce of ryots in the Indepop districts of the Poona collectorate ; and the second from Mr. Bethcombe, of Kurrachee. The samples submitted by Mr. Ovens are pronounced very inferior, and those byMr. Bethcombe are quite unexceptionable, and cap able of competing succe,:• sfully with the best qualities of the American and Egpytian qualities. As an instance of the sums requi red for the kee p . l up of the ar m y and navy in France , t he Debats ta'es that.,,the additional day in leap year ( 1864 ) , the budget for , h has just been laid before the Corps Le g islatif, will tntail departments alone. X , an 3'"o far increas e of 545,000 f (£21,800) iu the war, and 200,000 f DO) in. the navy est i ma tes; in all 7 45 , 000 f (nearly 30 ono single day's expenditure o f two A letter from Innspruck states that the Austrian Ministry has de facto decided the question of the admission of Protestants into the Tyroi, by authorising the construc tion of a Protestant church at Meran. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. SPAIN. MADRID, JAN. 20, Evening. Admiral Bustillos has consented to accept the Ministry of Marine, but will not yet enter upon his functions, remaining on leave of absence on account of ill health. All the Liberal members of the Opposition, but only a section of the Conservatives, have resolved to support the Ministry. PRUSSIA. BERLIN, JAN. 20. The Norddeutsche Zeitung of to-day says :-- " e learn from the best sources that all pros pect of an understanding between Prussia and Austtia on the Customs' question has been most positively renounced by the President of the Prus sian Ministry. The President has even declared he would give notice of tha intention of Prussia to quit the ollverein, in order to remove the vague engagement relative to Austria into which the Zollverein entered by the treaties of 19th Feb. and 4th April, 1853." The Norddeutsche Zeitung adds:— "It is not impossible that this decided refusal of Prussia to come to an understanding with Austria was tho principal reason why the projected meet.. ing of the Prussian and Austrian Ministers did not take place." RUSSIA. ST'. PETERSBURG, lAN. 20. The Commission appointed by the Government to propose reforms in the system of taxation, has recommended a reduction of the duties on the im partation of refined sugar during four years, the reduction to be effected at the rate of half a roue yearly until the duties upon the importation of refined sugar by land and sea stand at the uniform rate of three roubles per pood. EGYPT. CAIRO, JAN. 19. The obsequies of his Royal Highness Said Pachs, the late Viceroy of Egypt, were celebrated yester day. A great concourse was present at the ceremony. Ismail Pacha has taken possession of the Citadel, and received the authorities. Public opinion is very favourable to the new Viceroy. All the foreign Consuls, and the Turkish authorities, have arrived here from Alexandria. They were im mediately received by Ismail Pacha. THE MAILS. Up to the hour of going to press the usual con. tinental mails had not reached ns. FRANCE. PARIS, JAN. 21. The Moneteur of this morning says in its bulletin " Independently of the subscriptions opened for the workmen of the Seine Inferieure, the Emperor has sent to the Prefects the sum of 100,000 f., to be distributed among the different manufacturing towns." The M oniteur also says : " The news that the French had entered Puebla does not bear a character of incontestible authenti city ; but as coming from a source little favourable to the French, it is scarcely probable that it should be unfounded.' MALTA. VALETTA, JAN. 15. Her Majesty's screw troopship Mega/re, Com mander S. H. Henderson, arrived here on the 11th inst., at 10 p m., from Woolwich (18 days), and Gib raltar (four). The hlegmra left Gibraltar on the morning of the 7(h inst., having been detained there by heavy weather. She passed the Peninsular awl Oriental Company's steamer Delta on the after noon of the 9th. After discharging naval stores for this place, she proceeds on to Corfu ibis morning, taking with her two officers, one lady, one child, 27 non-commissioned officers and men, three women, and 14 children of different regiments. The Aleg ra is to visit the several islands, to relieve the detachments of troops stationed there. Her Majesty's ship Mars, Captain J. N. Strange, 17 days from Malta, arrived at Gibraltat on the 2d inst., and after replenishing coal left for England on the 3d inst. Her Majesty's ship London, Cap tain Chads, arrived there on the morning of the 4th, also 17 days from Malta, and left for Eng land on the following Wednesday. Her Majesty's screw ram Defence, 18, Captain Phil)imore,_ six days from Madeira, arrived at the same time as m i the London, having co mein n from the Channel squadron for bread and provisions, to convey to Lisbon, where her Majesty's ships Revenge (bear ing the flag of Rear-Admiral Smart), Black Prince, and Resistance were expected to arrive on or about the 4th inst. ; the Firebrand, 6, Commander Piers, and the Procri3, gunboat, remaining at Gibraltar. The noted steamer Sumter was at anchor, appa rently reedy for sea, with sails bent, and closely watched by two American men-of-war, although she is said to have been purchased by an English company. It is understood that the British Government have refused to grant her protection on the high seas. Her Majesty's surveying paddlewheel steamer Medina, Lieutenant-Commander G. Wilkinson (temporary), returned on Tuesday evening from Salonica, where she has been engaged during ha S s ur g v o e t yi t n h g rough a good deal neighbourhood,the summer the Gulf and its of difficult and intricate work. It will, however, months,and take some time to complete the survey. She left Atherada, near Salonica, on the 27th ult.,for Malta, calling at Remo, the ancient port of Pergamos, to ship a colossal torso, discovered there by Captain Spratt, some two or three years ago, which is to be sent home for the British Museum. She spoke the Foxhound, 4, Commander the Hon. A. C. Hobart, on the IOVI instant, off the Island of Bellopoulo, who reported her Majesty's ship Queen at Nauplia, on the 9th inst., all well,'' and, on the same day, sighted a Russian line of-battle ship steering towards Athens, A report that some Greek pirates had been captured by the French gun boat Mouette is unfounded. It is believed that the piratical boat has been hauled up in the Gulf of Bagh cheh, in the vicinity of Smyrna, and that the crew bad dispersed, finding it impossible to carry on their nefarious practiJes, owing to the vigilance of the English, French, Austrian, and Turkish cruisers, which had been sent in pursu.t of them—not before, however, they bad plundered three or tour Turkish vessels, the master of one of which is said to have been murdered. morning :s eapt , o T. theF o l r 3 t t e h s c j u n e s , t left t,or Malta h, ct:s ir e 'bh . :uPr lt ob i e s tb reported her orders are to anchor there for a short time, and then to cruse in the Malta Channel, reporting herself daily by signal to the CA:amender-in-Chief. She is expected to return into port on the 23d jest. TIIE SERVICES AT WESTMINSTER ABBEY.—In consequence of the thorough cleansing which the various portions of this ancient edifice aro at present un dergoing., the week •day services will, to the end of the pre sent month, I.e held in Heiry the Seventh's Chapel, and on Sunday next, th e 25th inst., the service will be entirely suspended. DISPATCH OF THE INDIA, CHINA, AND AUS` TRALIAN MAILS —:3OIJTHAMPTON, Jan. 20.—Tho Peninsular anti Oriental Company's steam ship Ripon , Captain Christian, sailed hence to-day at 3 p.m , with the mails for Gibraltar, the :Mediterranean, Egypt, Men, Ceylon, Mauritius, India (except Bombay), China, Aus tralia, and New Zealand, together with 160 passeng ers. The Ripon took out fr e i g ht 34 7 b oxes s pecie, £135,813,and a full cargo of gtuf;r4l HOPE FOR LANCASHIRE. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR,—There is hope for Lancashire manufacturers arising from a new quarter. It is, I admit, only "a cloud' at present " as big as a man's hand," but it will increase and spread in a manner little ex pected by unreflecting observers. Not very many years ago an officer's wife took some grass seed from Africa to feed her birds in Jamaica. The ac cumulations at the bottom of the bag were every day thrown out at the window. By-and-bye sheep, goats, and cows were frequently seen under the window feeding on something green. On exami nation, it was found that the bird-seed had vege tated, and that a new kind of grass had attracted the cattle on the estate. The spot on which it grew was enclosed, and both seed and cuttings from the grass•stalks were sought after and sown or planted. Tens of thousands of acres of Guinea grass have since been planted, so that now few pens or estates are without fields of this excellent food for all kinds of cattle. The same thing has arisen from the introduction of a few mango trees from the South Seas. Mango trees of various kinds are now found on almost every estate in the West Indies, especially in Jamaica; and ❑ot only men but cattle feed and fatten on this fruit. Poultry, too, feed on it; and the kernels of the stones are devoured with eagerness by pigs, who come by droves in the season when they are found in the greatest abundance. In like manner, unless I am greatly mistaken, a bag of tree cotton seed, sent by Earl Russell to Jamaica from Peru, at the instigation, and for the use of, the Jamaica Cotton Company, will lead to the cultivation of this extraordinary tree on all the mountains of that island. It seems it may be grown either from seed or cuttings, and, according to ex periments made by Mr. Kendal, an American far mer, it will grow and flourish wherever Indian corn or maize will ripen. This gentleman states that he saw in the valley of the Chipura a perfect specimen of the gossipium arborium. "its foliage had long been shed, but the pods remained, having fully burst, and turned their spotless buds into almost perfect roses, which covered the entire structure with a dense mass of spotless glossy cotton. I had never seen anything eve❑ approaching in perfection that solitary tree." " Having no facilities for gathering and weighing the yield of that individual tree, my estimate was of course only an approxi mate conjecture ; but I would not be willing to fall below 1001bs. as the amount of clean lint afforded by the cone having a diameter of 12ft. at the base, and measuring a trifle over 18ft. from base to apex." Now, as I have myself picked excellent cotton from perennial shrubs 2,500 ft. above the level of the sea in Jamaica, I cannot doubt that this tree cotton will also flourish there, and if it does the ele vated and most healthy mountains of that country will in a very few years be covered with cotton plantations, cultivated with safety to health and certainty of profit by European settlers. Perhaps there is no finer climate in the world than in these mountains, and that was the opinion expressed to me by the late Lord Metcalfe, who resided in one of them, and confirmed by my own experience during a residence of six years on another. I had a garden on the very top of one in which corn, po tatoes, peas, beans, and almost all European as well as tropical vegetables grow in the utmost luxuriance, and I see no reason whatever to doubt that if the cotton seed we have obtained should, as we may fairly expect, be of the kind described by Mr. Kendal, those who have procured and intro duced it will have conferred the greatest possible benefit not only on Jamaica, but on our Lancashire manufacturers and landowners, who must at last feed and clothe the people unless additional sup. plies of the raw material can be found for their pro fitable employment. Only by the last mail we re ceived a letter from the Rev. Mr. Foote, a Wes leyan missionary at Manchioniel, Jamaica, where our experiments are now being carried on, in which he states as fellows : " On Monday last I rode over the cotton fields in com pany with Mr. G. Codrington and Mr. rinke. I was de lighted boyond the power of expression; delightel to find that the two pieces of Egyptian cotton on either side of the public road, which looked so shabby and ragged, are about the poorest pieces, or about the second poorest, in the lot. A sad mistake, at least a misfortune, as travellers judge by those two pieces, and report, as they travel through the island, that it is all a delusion and a snare.' But let inch persons only spare the time, and take the trouble, as I did on Monday, a d traverse glades, climb hills, and descend valleys, or stand on the mountain sides, and see the heL , rty healthy, blooming, thickly-bearing green seeds—sea islands, silk cotton, and New Orleans, then if he be a patriot, he will exult; if he be a Christian, ho will silently breathe a cl.,xology to heaven ; if he be at all interested in the conso lidated success of the cotton company he will have his de sires exchanged for confirmed faith that the Jamaica Cot ton Company is un fait accompli. And when you can in flu. nce others to unite in the good work, and plant, as you said, at Bristol 10,000 acres, the question will be for ever sot at rest, and our export 3 of the cAton, which Mr. Wicker's people found so nice to work up, will b.: a grand fact. God speed ye." I believe his Excellency Sir Charles Darling, who has planted 83 acres of cotton on an adjoining estate, Weybridge, has received equally encourag ing and satisfactory accounts.—Yours faithfully, STEPHEN BOURNE. Jamaica Cotton Company's Office, 55, Charing-cross, London, Jan, 20. P.S.—We have requested our friends to ship us immediately to Manchionel sufficient tree cotton seed to enable us to plant 3,000 acres of land. Should they succeed in procuring it, and it should when planted yield for the first year or two only a twentieth part of the quantity estimated by Mr. Kendal, we shouel be able to supply seed enough to plant 100,000 acres next year. And so much might easily be put in if every Lancashire manufac turer would come forward at once and risk £5O in our undertaking. There is mountain land enough in Jamaica now lying waste to give cotton to the extent of a million bales annually of far better qua lity than East Indian or even American cotton. Why wait for Government interference, or go 15,000 miles for that which may be procured within a month's sail or three weeks' steam from Liverpool ? " SERVANTGALISM." Sufferers from what is called "servantgalism" willzead with interest, not unmixed with sympathy the report of a case just heard before the French Correctional Police. The prisoner, Marie Gagneur, was charged with robbing her mistress. The pro secutes stated that within the last six months she had successively discharged four servants for mis• conduct, and could not imagine how girls who had been sent to her from the country, with good cha racters, should in a week or two have contracted all the worst habits of Parisian servants, until she at hst ascertained that they had all been corrupted by a servant in the employ of a family residing in the srme house. It appears that this mischievous person took upon herself to instruct all novices in service, and had even drawn up a set of rules for their guidance, a copy of which was found in the possession of the prisoner. After laying down the general principle that servants are quite as good as their employers, and that every servant is entitled to be absent from the house two hours a day be tween breakfast and dinner,t his precious instructress gives the following rules of conduct ; "EVery servant w ho has any self-respect ought :-1 To insist on going to market unaccompanied by her mis tress; 2. To refuse to debase herself by wp.shing or dry scrubbing; 3. To allow of no meddling with her private affairs or dress; 4. To receive whomsoever she pleases in the kitchen; 5. Not to allow her letters to be read ; 6. To wear crinoline, a long shawl, and bonnet; 7. To demand an increase of wages every three months, never to give a week's notice, but to insist on the same from her employer : 8. To take a fortnight's holiday twice a year to visit her relatives • 9. To leave any fam il y if she does not receive a p re sent after two months' service." The prisoner followed this programme to the letter, was frequently libsent when wanted, and was guilty of constant peculations in either selling the provision purchased or charging for more than she had bought. Several tradespeople gave evidence which fully proved the charges of theft, and the Tribunal accordingly sentenced the prisoner to two months' imprisonment. Thomas Holden, aged five years, son of a stone mason, residing at Blackburn, ' • died on Saturday evening., after suffering for three weeks, from the effects of drinking a quantity of whisky, which he had found in a "pop bottle," THE GALE. Yesterday morning another violent gale blew over the whole of England. In London it became very high shortly after midnight, and it continued to rage with increasing fury until four o'clock yester day morning, when it reached its height. It con•- tinued to blow in heavy gusts throughout the whole of yesterday. The list of casualties is a long one. While the storm was at its height, about half-past four in the morning, the chimney of a four-roomed house, No. 4, York -street, Globe-road, Stepney, be longing to Mr. G. Saxton Gobbell, was blown down through the roof. The owner, his wife, and two children, respectively three years and eight months old, were in their beds asleep. In an in stant they were all buried among a heap of bricks and mortar. As soon as the dust cleared away, two neighbours, with two police-constables, at the risk of their lives entered the ruins, and succeeded in pull ing out of the rubbish Mr. Gobbell, who had re ceived a serious wound over the temple. The two children were extricated, comparatively uninjured, but Mrs. Gobbell when got out was found to be dead. At Blackfriars-bridge great consternation was caused, in consequence of the snapping of one of the wires stretching from Chatham-place to Al bion-place on the " up" side of the bridge. It will be remembered that this wire broke some few months back, and in its fall dragged a gentleman off an omnibus, by which he received such severe in juries that death resulted. Fortunately, when the wire broke yesterday morning, it fell into the river and did no harm. So severe was the gale that the railway trains on some of the lines were delayed, and some of the mails did not reach the General Post-office until two hours after the regular time. At 11 o'clock, when the tide was at its lowest point, a singular scene presented itself between Westmin ster and Hungerford bridges. The natural run of the ebb tide was greatly accelerated by the wind. The water was, so to speak, blown out of its chan nel, and to such an extent was this the case that the part of the river in question was shallow to an almost unexampled degree. Several islands ofgravei of considerable extent presented themselves; and at one time no less than four steamers—two of the iron boats and two Citizens—were aground in front of Westminster-bridge. The passengers, after consider able delay, were got off in small boats and rowed ashore. A man named Banford, who was navigat ing a barge off Pickle Herring-tier, was blown off into the water and was drowned. At present it would be impossible to give anything like a correct number of the casualties during the night and morn ing, but it is officially reported that the shipping in the river, the docks, and other places are exten sively damaged. Sundry small craft were forced from their moorings, and carried far away by the force of the wind. CHATHAM, Tuesday Evening. During the whole of this day it blew a strong gale at Chatham from the westward, with a fine clear atmosphere. The Wellesley, 72, guardahip at the port, as well as the other ships in the harbour, struck their topgaliantmasts, and pointed their yards to the wind, making all snug for the night, in expectation of the continuance of the gale. This evening the barometer, which during the early part of the day had been as low as 2985, had risen to 29.25. DOVER, Tuesday, 3 p.m. For the last three days our coast has been ex posed to heavy gales from the W.S.W. The tides have also been very high, more especially last night and this morning. Considerable destruction has been the conseq'ience. The "notice boards," prohibit ing laundresses drying on that portion of the beach most frequented by seaside visitors have been swept away. The bathing machines have been dragged up many feet from their usuai winter standing, and at the moment of writing the hot and cold baths are surrounded by the sea. During the night, and the high tide at 11.30 a.m. this day, the footpath fronting the Marine-parade, and leading thence to East Cliff, has been destroyed to a depth of 15ft., and it is imagined that another such tide will carry away some portion of the carriage drive. Land posts that once marked the frequented pro menades for pedestrians are now between 30tt. and 401 t. from the water's edge. On Monday the Tubal Cain was brought into harbour waterlogged and in a sinking condition. .Men have been kept at the pumps day and night, in front of the A miralty yard, and having discharged a portion of her cargo she was righted at 2,30 this afternoon. PORTSMOUTH, Tuesday, 6 p.m. We had a heavy gale here last night from W.N.W., which was accompanied by a heavy fall of rain, hail, and snow. It continued to blow with undiminished force up till noon to-day. Since then the wind has moderated a little, and the atmosphere has cleared, but it still blows hard from the same quarter. Ooe of the steam dredging machines, be longing to Messrs. Smith and Co , of Pimlico, which is employed in deepening the harbour channel of entrance off Southsea beach, w.nt down at her moorings at 6 a.m. Fortunately, no one was on board at the time. She is supposed to have torched on the bank during the height of a squall, and con sequently heeled over and sank. She lies in about 12 feet at low water. The Havre steam-packet, from Southampton for Havre, brought up in St. Helen's Roads last night for shelter from the gale. This morning she weighed her anchor, and after wards brought up again in a fresh anchorage further to windward, under Haslar-beach. The Mars, screw liner, arrived in St. Helen's Roads this morning from the Mediterranean, but all commu nication with her has been impossible, except by signal. From 10 a.m. on Saturday to 10 a.m. on Sunday the mercury in the barometer fell seven and a half tenths, In the next 24 hours it rose a tenth. From 10 a.m. yesterday until the same time to-dav, it first rose seven eighths of a tenth further, but afterwards fell about three tenths, marking 29.27. Since then it has again started on the rise, and now has reached 29.47. SHIELDS, Tuesday, Noon. Last night a storm warning reached this port from Admiral Fitzroy that a dangerous wind might be expected, and during the whole of last night it blew a fierce gale from N.W. Since daybreak there has been a considerable fall of snow, and as this despatch is being sent off the weather seems to be getting worse, and the wind more round to the northward. Fortunately the wind has been off shore all night, und no shipping casualties are reported this morning. The snow is falling very heavily, and the wind is sweeping across the harbour in violent gusts. NEWPORT (M onmou nt hs hire), Monday Evening. A terrific gale visited this coast to-day. There are no shipping casualties yet reported, but it is feared that many have occurred. LIVERPOOL, Jan. 20. One of the highest tides and most severe gales which have been experienced for several years past occurred to-day. During the whole of yesterday and yesterday night there was a strong gale, which at daylight rose with considerable rapidity till about noon it had reached a whole gale from W. to W.N.W. The tide, the highest of the mouth, with the exception of to-morrow, was 191 t. llin. This high tide and the gate combined caused the water to rise in an unusual manner. Shortly before 12 o'clock the water had risen to a level with the top of the quay walls on the diffaesntt g p e i s er w s. ere raised The St. George's and Prince's landing.a several feet above the level of the piers to which they are respectively attached, and from the high sea which was running all access to them was ren dered difficult, and in some instances hazardous. and ytcf the ferry passengers had to be conveyed t o from the St. George's landing-stage in carts and cabs while the spray dashed over them. So violent was the gale and so high was the water that it came halfway across the carriage road between St. George's Dock-basin and St. Nicholas's churchyard. Some apprehensions were at one time entertained lest the frightful strain to which they were exposed would cause some of the mooring-chains of tbe landing-stages to give way. Fortunately, however , this did not occur; the stages gallantly rode out the storm. So imminent was the risk of drifting considered among the vessels at anchor iu the river that every precaution was adopted to secure them against accident. The Great Eastern got up steam at an early hour, and continued, with steam up, to ride at hee moorings. Several of the ehipbailding., yards at the south end of the town wei e inundate, and a considerable amount of timber and other me terials were set afloat. The sea made several breaches in the Leasome embankment, but they are not believed to be of any serious moment. A man is reported to have been washed off the landing slip at Seacombe and drowned. The lifeboat-house on Hilbre Island was burst open by the force of the wind and tide, and the Hilbre lifeboat washed up at Haylake. In the Channel the storm appears to have been equally fierce. Two barks wee driven on shore at Holyhead, and the Londonderry steamer, which arrived i❑ the afternoon, had her port bow considerably damaged, having been struck by a sea, and nearly the whole of the cattle and pigs which she carried on deck were washed overboard. In the town the gale, which was accompanied by heavy showers of rain, snow, and hail, caused great in convenience and alarm, although, so far as is known, there was no accident of importance. HOLYHEAD, Jan. 20. A terrible gale has prevailed here to-day. The railway is six feet under water at Abergele, and both lines of way are torn up at Bagilt. All the trains have been stopped during the night. The Medea, from the African coast, has been wrecked, but ail the crew are saved. STATE OF TRADE. MANCHESTER, Jan. 20.—1 n yarns there has been no business to-day. A decided psi se has occurred in business. Nobody seems exactly to know the reason why. It is partly attributed by some to the advance in discounts, while others attribute it to the recent advices from America. Yet no one seems to see in the American news anything but evidence of a longer and more protracted struggle, and why this should affect business is not very obvious. Buyers de not appear disposed to operate for any market. There is no new feature in the cloth market, except that the improvement in the dem nd for India fabrics, which the telegrams from Ca:cutta last week gave some hopes of, has not taken place. In these goods, we are told, there has been nothing whatever doing. This branch of our trade appears to be very sensitive to any depression of the cotton market, and the quietness in cloth is mainly attri buted to the state of trade at Liverpool. The prices of cloth are unchanged, and manufacturers appear disposed to maintain their quotation with firmness. There is a disposition among the home trade, as there has been for some weeks past, to do business, espe cially in printing cloths, but it has not yet led to any results worth mentioning, so far. Buyers for long cloths for Alexandria have been again making some inquiries, and manufacturers have in some cases taken orders, but mostly at prices which can hardly cover the cost of making, though they may mitigate the loss which would result from keeping machinery actually idle. Some little weakness has manifested itself with some of the holders of both yarn and cloth, but it is quite exceptional. Messrs. John Slagg and Company report of the cloth-market : " There is no new feature in this market since our last report. There is still a fair demand for some descriptions of printers and long-cloths, and a mode rate amount of business has been done in them, at last week's prices. For other goods, especially for India and China shirtings, there is little or no de mand, but stocks being light and production very small, there is no anxiety to sell, and prices are firm, at the quotations of last week." LELDS, 20th.—The weather, which has been squal►y, with rain, sleet, and snow, has affected the cloth-markets this morning, by limiting the atten dance to less than it would have been if the morn ing had been fine. All things considered, a fair amount of business was done in fabrics for spring wear, including light goods for female attire. The manufacturers, both in the town and the neighbour hood, report themselves to be steadily employed on orders. Prices keep firm. The local wool trade is rather quiet, but there is no change in the gene ral currency for wool. ROCHDALE, 19th.--The flannel trade keeps active, and a gaud amount of business has been done to-day in plain as well as fancy goods. Prices are well maintained. Yorkshire liuseys continue in active request, and command profitable prices. Manufac turers are well employed, many on orders which will keep their machinery running for weeks at least. Wools are held firmly at late quotations, but the manufacturers are not buying very freely, many of them being well supplied. A woollen firm in the neighbourhood doing r, consider able business has suspended payment, but hopes are entertained that it will soon be able to resume business. Mr. Leatham, M.P., on the National Ex penditiue. On Monday evening, Mr. E. A. Leatham, M.P., dew livered a lecture in the Music Saloon, Wakefield, on " Re trenchment ;is it possible and ex, edient." There was a large audience. The hon. gentleman, who during the delivery of the lecture was frequently applauded, went at great length into the details of our expenditure, and showed how it had increased, especially under the naval and mili tary head. He contended that our naval and military outlay was comparatively.much higher than that of France or any other nation in Europe. Tile increase which had taken place could not be justified. There was no reason to appre hend an invasion, and even if an enemy could break throug6 the E. glish fleet (in itself no very simple operation), he would have to encounter a force of 210,000 men, the greater part of whom could be summoned in an instant by telegraph, and concentrated on any given point in a few hours. When we remember (he continued) that these men would be fighting close to their base of operations, in the midst of a friendly and infuriated people, and above all, that they would bo fighting for their homes (the sacred inspiration that makes armies invincible, and every man a hero), what are we to think of the appre hensions of those who ti amble at the bugbear of invasion, and, surrounded by a population the bravest, the most loyal, and the most united in the world, dare to outrage by their cowardice every tradition of a renowned and indomitable people ? And what must be their estimate of the sagacity of the first statesman in Europe, if they think him capable of committing this prodigious fiasco ? It is open to grave doubt whether Napoleon the Great, with all his military geains, his implacable hatred, and his inex haustible resources contemplated for more than a moment a descent upon these shores ; and are we to believe that Napo leon the Third, without that genius, that hatred, and those resources, is resolutely bent upon an enterprise, the possi bility of which only flitted like a dream across the most daring and ambitious imagination which the world has known ? Are we to believe that he has studied to so little purpose the character of those among whom he passed his, exile, as not to know that the first Frenchman who stepped upon our island would by that very act convert every Eng lishman into an implacable enerny,s., d inaugurate a struggle the fiat cast and most deadly in his history, and which could only terminate in the depopulation of England, or the down fall of his dynasty and the utter prostration of France ? Re cent events in America do not lend confidence to the in vader, and if one more illustration were required to prove the indomitable energy of the Anglo. Saxon, we have only to turn oar eyes to the banks of the Chioahominy and theßap pa hannoek. A strong argument moreover against the possibi lity of a war with France is to be found in her present position and relation to the nations which are conterminous with her. Her strength has hitherto been not merely in the re sources of her people, but in the weakness of her neighbours. A divided Germany, a divided Italy, an enfeebled Spain; what a field fur French diplomacy and aggression I Events point to the early consolidation of these communities. Italy is becoming a great and united nation. Germany is gravitat ing towards the two chief poles of German power. Two , powerful states, side by side, will soon in all probability con front France upon the east. Even Spain,touched by the vivi gis rising from the dead. Th ese na ti o ns are iP all f c e m France—and they are a ll g i r di ng u p their loins. In prop ortion as the y becom e strong, France be comes re latively weak. I think that she will find enough to fy e en of e the fe s a o g f e, do to hold her own by land, without engaging, at fearful odds, with a nation of sailors in a struggle for the empire of the sea, The English alliance has been the fulcrum% from which the Emperor has moved Europe. He has looked in vain elsewhere for friendship. Legitimate monarchs have resolutely turned their backs upon the rude and danger% us upstart whose throne springs from revolution. Why should he make war on England? Will he kill the goose that has laid so many golden eggs for him ? Bat it is in vain to urge all this u:oon the alarmists. When a fixed idea has taken possession of the human mind men cease to be amenable to reason. The hon. gen tleman then proceeded to combat the statement that France was largely increasing her naval and military forces, and quoted figures in support of his theory, that there was nothing in the state of the French armaments to justify alarm. He pointed out other considerations which ought to induce our Government largely to reduce the national ex penditure, and strongly urged a policy of prudence and con ciliation in our relations with foreign powers. At the close of the lecture a vote of thanks to the hon. gentleman was unanimously adopted. _