The Sun. — London, England, 1830-07-28 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THU PUBLIC JOURNALS.' The French Papers of Sunday contain despatches from the Cottimander-irt.Chief of the Algerme tsedition to the 14th instant, and consequently give us accounts five or six days later than the official re. ports from the same quarter which we lately pub. lisbed. General Bourmont still seems to arrange plans, and to write despatches, under the impres sion that, as the conquest of Algiers was solely the result of the .French prowess, so its settlement is to be left solely to the dictation of a French con. queror. Hence ha has proceeded, in conformity with the principles announced in his despatch of the Bth instant, to provide a passage for the Dey to Italy, changing his destination, according to his own wish, from Leghorn to Naples, Hence he has sent sway 1,300 Turkish soldiers (called in his ours retie" and in that of Admiral Duperre Jo. finalise) as if they possessed no right to remain in the country which they formerly ruled, and as if they carried with them to Asia the resignation or, the last remains of that sovereignty which, three centuries ago, the first of the Barbarossas had brought in his scabbard to the north coast of Africa. In order that there might be no mistake in these indications of future policy regarding his conquest, the General tells us that a municipal commission of the Moorish roe has been installed, and that its " enlightened members" accept with joy the part which they are henceforth to take " in the adminis tration of their country." Then 'we hear of the tribute sent by the vassal Chief of Tittery, and of the expected submission of the Bey of Constan tine. Whutever, therefore, is to happen, it is plain that fur the present, the new Marshal's baton is to be regarded as the sceptre of Algiers; that the prints of Turkish dominion are at once to be obliterated from the soil by the feet of the victor, and that a new destiny is fixed by French arms for the native population. If, after conquering our army in India, the victor should insist upon sending our Governors-Generil and our troops home instead of retaining them as prisoners of war, we could easily foresee, without any explicit manifesto, the course of policy intended to be pursued with respect to the conquered territory. It might therefore appear puerile to attempt any further proof of the plain and almost undisguised views of the French Commander in.Chief,That he wishes and affects tobe considered the founder of French colonial authority in Africa—u second Scipio Africanusa French Pro-consul on the ruins of Algiers, if not of Carthage—there can be no doubt. Nay, we will go further, and even ad mit that in the present state of the French Cabinet its members would not be distressed to find thut the professions of their General were believed; that the French nation coaisidered the question one of a solution merely French; and thet they might reap some popularity from the mistaken notion that they had added a profitable accession of power and territory to France by extending her naval establishments to the opposite coast of the Mediter ranean. It would be rather hard to require card players to throw away the best trump in their hands when their game is most in danger. The French Ministry are not only pushed by their friends us a source Of power, but by their enemies as a source of embarrassment, to keep possession of their new con quest, and may therefore be excused in publishing the despatches of their commander and fellow. minister, without any explicit renunciation of his pretensions, or any prompt declaration of their own views. But, in making this admission, we see no reason to doubt that the French Court must be dis posed to consult, not only the interests of its own temporary populerity, and the national views or prejudices of Frenchmen, in the disposal of its new acquisition, but the peace of Europe and the good will of its allies. It has long been an admitted rule that no member of the European community cats ac quire an accession of territory in the neighbourhood of the rest, without submitting to them the ques tion how far the new possession alters their existing relations. Sometimes this examination and adjust ment takes place at longer, sometimes at shorter in tervals from the date of the conquest, but it must always take place sooner or later. In a season of general peace the attacking party usually explains his object 'before the commencement of the aggression. This was the case in the invasion of Spain by the French in 11123, and the invasion of Naples by the Austrian troops two years before. Its other in stances the conquest is made first, and the question of restitution or retention is afterwards settled. In a continued' war, where a series of conquests takes place, this settlement is generally delayed till its termination, and made the subject of treaty in 11 general congress. But in no instance has so im portant an acquisition as the whole Regency of Algiers been made by an European Power, without the general concurrence of its allies and neigh. boors. One of the French Liberal journals thinks that it has for ever set at rest this question, by tilling us that France has the same right to Algiers that England has to Gibraltar or Malta—the two latter possessions having been acquired by the same power, and held by the same tenure, its the for. mar. lint it is plain that this assertion is only par tially true. England acquired these stations by the sword, but she did not decide on their permanent occupation till she had made them the subject of negociation with her Allies. We say nothing about what would be, or what will be, the result of similar tiegociations on the present occasion, taut we are sure that we are only speaking the sentiments of the French Cabinet, as wall as those of political moderation and good faith, when we place the policy and intentions of the French Government in opposition to the hasty decisions of its ardent General and its factious op. pepents. Whatever influence France may wish to exareise over the fate of Africa, will be most bene. fleialla end effectually exercise d by a general under. wending end coneert with her Allies. Of all con quests in the world, that of Algiers seems best adapted to be made the subject of a general arrange ment. The existence and barbarities of the pirati cal despotism by which it was governed have been long felt as a reproach to Christian sympathies and European civilization. Joint expeditions have, therefore, frequently been proposed for its over throw ; and even joint attacks have been made to avenge its common wrongs. The English in 1816, slid not diedain the essistenee of a Dutch squadron, awl ease the Congress of Aix-hi-Chapelle, the Prima and English concurred in a summons for the suppression of pinto) , by a joint mission. - In fol lowing out this idea, the French Monarch, both in his address to the late Chamber, and his answ er t o the congratulations on his recent victory, has spoken about the conquest as a boon to humeeiry as well as t o Fr a nce, We have no doubt, therefore ! , that he will, without any jealousy or reluctance, admit oilier Governments, whose champion he in part professes himself to have been, to consult with him the settle.. meta of the conquest, as well us share in the benefit of the triumph.—Times. We have before adverted to the extraordinary ex hibition presented by the University of Dublin, in setting up a candidate on the professed ground of the " No Popery" principle. But we now entitle to a circumstance connected with this electioe-coe. test, Which appears scarcely less to bed deprecutcd on memunt of its absurdity, than the factious uttempt of the Orenge partisans is on account of itewieked. fleas. really can hardly believe that so' rationul arid liberal -minded a man as Mr. North cars seriously bowed to indulge the vanity of up p caring p m li t i t t ,n ti . ti s g o alt d_ eLy of b o tie n Ce t fi l l e , ()ratr „ e ' _„7, l 4 "ic e. help the return of the ekes elti .n etiturrost but know, that if l ihrou l ih i l i g persist iiwy tof, their t t f e r on hiai friends the bun there is a very great prohability 'rit` the: i oc „, learned iectildiary ',they, and „(! e s . s s td e able and mischievous party, p ror i, Itvel:"lll6c tire of common sense, of regard for the sect his education, of atter:lmmo us the great cause of enlightened government., of which he Fine ever been the friend, Mr. North must wish to prevent the di•grace of having his University represented by a feetioe; for what WWl' Wane than that of far:titre can be given to a body of men who have no bond of union but fierce intolerance, hypocritically assum ing the cloak of religion, and whose means of attain ing their objects consist of the lowest arts of in trigue, and of the most audacious system of misre presentation and calumny ? We have reason to be lieve, both from information and from some per sonal experience, that the vast majority of the senior and permanent members of the College is opposed to this party, the strength of which lies among the younger students, of whose inexpe rience advantage has been taken, and who have been flattered and cajoled into this posthumous opposition to Catholic Emancipation. It is said, indeed,—but surely it cannot be true,—that the learned Provost, whose special duty it is to pre serve tranquillity and discountenance turbulent dis plays of party spirit, will, nevertheless ' vote for Mr. Leroy. Is it possible that the old leaven of No- Popery can prevail over his academical feelings ? If other motives of a more worldly kind have influence, we trust and think that the hope , will be disap pointed. Be that, however, as it may, we must again urge the propriety—we had almost said the duty—of Mr. North's abstaining from endangering the return of a liberal candidate; and for no object, as fur as we can see, except the gratification of per sonal vanity. Where there is no reasonable chance of success, a sound-headed and liberal man—and such we believe Mr. North to be—must feel it to be unworthy of his character to persist in a course which will at once injure the party which befriends him, and promote the triumph of a common enemy. London has not, for many years, exhibited such scenes of animated gaiety as have occurred within the last fortnight. In spite of the depression which the state of trade and of the currency have mainly produced, the affable and endearing conduct of King William and his amiable consort seems to have driven away " dull care" from the hearts at least of the Londoners, who, one and all, seem animated and enlivened by present enjoyment, and by the prospect of a permanently better state of things, which ap pears likely to flow from so auspicious is commence meet, Though the King's engaging demeanour evidently springs from the spontaneous goodness of his own heart, yet were it otherwise, and were his• l Majesty, instead of the most open-hearted of man kind, the most designing of all wary politicians, we should still say that he understands one branch of political economy better then the lute King's Ministers appear ever to have done; we mean the mutual ad• vantage which results both to the governed and to the Government by the latter making the good humour and happiness of the former objects not beneath their notice. The King, it is evident, does not think the whole world centred in Downing-street, or the smiles of office towards its obsequious expectants, nil the benignity which the heads of a popular Go vernment need bestow upon the people. His Ma jesty, it is quite evident, looks to a much wider circle, and, while he is not indifferent to the splen dour of his Court or the good will of the Aristo cracy, looks to the legitimate source of power, the people at large, and is evidently anxious to live in their hearts an d reign in their affections. And in how few abort days has this great, this noblest ob ject of ambition, been at once sought for and ob , rained 1 And while we pay the King the homage that is due to him for the good taste, the judgment, and kind-heuredoess which have distinguished him on the occasion, let us not withhold from the people themselves their share of the merit. They have nobly and readily responded to the call of the Monarch. No gloom, no distrust, no misgivings, have, for a mo ment, intercepted the right current of their feelings: and though public events, and the conduct of public men, hnd generated a feeling almost bordering on despair, no sooner do they perceive in the new Monarch a disposition to identify himself with them, 'anti with their interest., than they rush to meet the King half-way in the career of kindness and good humour, and John Bull lays aside in an instant every trait of his characteristic tendency to grum bling. Is there, we would repeat, no lesson which the King's Ministers might gather with advantage from his Majesty's high and gratifying example ? Are there none among them, for instance, whose pride and hauteur have hitherto been as disgusting as the King's affability is gratifying ? Cannot they learn bow unprofitable the one has been, from the ready and ample return which the latter has pro duced? Above all, cannot they learn this useful lesson from their Royal Master, that Government exists for the benefit of the many, and not of the few—that few, also, but too generally composed of hungry expectants and flatterers for place, and who are among the first to abandon and revile the hand which can no longer feed them.-21foreing herald. "The cause of the disinclination to stand for coun ties is not alone the increased expense. From the increase of private heftiness (for every thing is now brought into Parliament), the Member for an exten sive and populous county has become a complete drudge. In an aristocratical country like England, labour will not be much coveted by the higher classes : and it would not, therefore, at all surprise us to see the counties altogether declined by the gentry, and a revival of the old practice with re gard to them, of paying a man of business to repre seat them in the House of Commons. No doubt, a County Member who is at all assiduous, in sup porting Ministers, does contrive at present to 0 - rain a few pickings; but still this consideration will soon be found unavailing to tempt Members to undergo such drudgery us falls to the share of Sir Edward Knatchbull, the Member for Kent, for in %tenet. Mr. Laseelles (Lord Harewood) and Mr. Stuart 'Wortley (now Lord Wharncliffe) toiled as few men will consent to toil, for many years. If the freeholders of Yorkshire, by way of honouring themselves by their choice, return Mr. Brougham, it will, of course, be necessary for that gentleman to stipulate au exemption from the drudgery of county business, for were he to consent to take a seat Gn the condition of bearing bin share, the honour would be a costly one, involving, as it would, the sacrifice of his professional business. No wonder that rotten boroughs should rise in price, precarious as this species of property often is. The Member of a rotten borough is hide pendent, and not under the necessity of keeping what may be called a solicitor's office. He can de vote himself to public business of his own choice. For Batton, the !property connected with which lets at about 3,000/. a year, no less a SUM - was asked than 180,0001. Some time ago time re port was that it had been purchased for Lord Mon son at 170,0001.; but we have since heard that it is yet in the market. Deduct the land and house connected with it (and houses in the present day are everywhere let for little more then what keeps them in repair, the gentry having lost the taste for a country residence), and art idea may easily he formed of the high value bet upon a borough. This corresponds with what fell from Lords Grey turd Durham in the debate on the East Itetford Bill, as to the increased market price of boroughs. First, there is the increased and constantly increasing ex. pence of open boroughs; and secondly, the ruin at. fondant on a contested county, with time fatigue of the collets! busituats. In the Marrsion-house report of yesterday, a young roan was brought before the 1.,.0rd Mayor, charged with having threetened to do his Whet some desperate bodily injury, on account of the father having failed to keep his promise of making him is freeman of Rochester, which was a a loss to bite of 00/, that a vote for that piece was now worth. This we suspect is a little exaggerated; but the competition is keen in that borough, which till lately was by no means an expensive place. But in every open place there is now what is called a third party, the object of whiell is to prevent two candidates from obtaining their seats without ex trending for the good of the voters a round sum of money. All this has a tendency to raise the value of eloae boroughs, though it has also a tendenty to stimulate rich men to attempt to open them. From thca i n il u ) o l 4!..e_o_ i f ! rn !r oltlyed Men in this country, and . Lleach r og "TrZt. late years th e science of Os, should riot be *liquified if many places reputed close were opened ere long.— When that coxcomb, Capt. Basil Hall, was travelling in North America with a view to find matter for in creasing the self-love of the spending . class at home, he took care not to see any thing to the United States deserving of the notice of his countrymen. The Americans have, however, made many valuable improvements on the Institutions of the Mother Country, both Legislative and Judicial ; and some of those improvements are not undeserving of the attention of Parliament at a time when Parliamentary business is found so oppressive as to frighten gentle men from standing for counties and populous places. The indefatigable Mr. Joseph Parkes, of Birming ham, the author of " The History of the Court of Chancery," has just published an octavo volume under the title of " The Statutes and Orders of the Court of Chancery, and the Statute Law of Real Property of the State of New York, recently re vised and amended, with a brief account of the Equity Jurisdictions, and Law.of Real Property and . Registration in the United States of North America; in the introduction to which we find the following very curious account of the means to which the Americans have had recourse for overcoming a dif-, ficulty to which the British Legislature has hitherto proved unequal : " Bat the department of North American jurisprudence," says Mr. Parkes (introduction, p. exi.), which is most worthy the attention and imitation of the British Legisla ture, is the wise, cautious, and practical mode pursued in the revision of the law, and in the improvement of the ju risdictions and circuits of the Courts. This important and difficult province has not occupied merely the Congress and the State Legislatures, in numerous assemblies— bodies alone ill-suited to the due execution of judicial and legal revision—but it has been committed, under the sanc tion of legislative authority, and subject to ultimate legis lative review, to learned and eminent men, specially ap pointed, and adequately remunerated for devoting their time and talents to a deliberative and responsible office. Such a delegation of power will become absolutely neces sary in England. The British Parliament cannot long ex ercise its multifarious and incongruous labours of tien. The physical powers of the leading and protein. sional members of the House of Commons must give way under the accumulating pressure of official and senatorial avocations. Awful and melancholy instances of individual sacrifice to public labourshavesuccessfully happened and will most certainly recur, of public men of the first class of mind attempting to accomplish labours beyond the physical and intellectual powers of human nature;--labours which, if surmounted, would have been hut imperfectly accom plished. The constitution of the House of Comnsmons was not originally formed for its present oppressive and inconsistent union of deliberative, judicial, executive, and manifold other duties. The House of Commons has the power of choice; either the creation of Provincial As semblies, or Stipendiary Committees of Legislation, for Local Legislation and Jurisprudence. The ' private bu siness' of the House of Commons, and the opening labours of legal reform, cannot be undertaken by the same indivi duals, in conjunction with the official affairs and public legislation of the country. Important alterations of pub lic laws—repeal and consolidation of large masses of sta totes---the introduction of new principles of law, and the re-modelling and new creation of Courts of judicature, re quired by the altered circumstances of the country, should not be entrusted to the single judgment of a Minister of State, overwhelmed with official labours, or be confided to the private opinions of individual Members of the Bar, to whom a Minister may delegate favour and power. The hurried consideration of such important subjects of le gislation—frequently at the end of a Session—amid cursory debates on second and third 'readings,' and midnight colloquial discussions in Committees on Bills,' cannot wisely provide laws and constitutions called for by the rapid increase of population, commerce and wealth, and the exigencies of modern society. Such loose experi memo in legislation must be necessarily unsuccessful. In numerable enn,ndatory acts must be required from Session to Session. " The Legislature and the Courts must he constantly sur prised to find what has become law, and each succeeding Parliament will be occupied in repealing the Acts of its predecessor. These remarks ate far from being made in a spirit of detraction, of an indirect reflection on the Jammu of Sir Robert Peel. The general character of utility and sincerity which has marked his successive, though circumscribed labours iu the field of legal reform, entitles him to the grateful thanks of the public, and dis tinguishes him tneritoriously as a Minister of State. But Sir Robert Peel, if he wish to do effectual legal service to the country, must eventually take a wider and more com prehensive view of the exigencies of the times, and of the principles of jurisprudence." Mr. Parkes then proceeds to detail the means to which the several States of the American Un i on have had recourse for the revision of their laws. The division of legislative labour, however, generally fa cilitates their endeavours. Division of labour in the arts is the cause of all mechanical improvement. 7 Engrossing seems, however, the process most fami- Far to the House of Commons. It is a common obser vet ion in the world, that the men who are always over bead and ears i n b us i ness never d o an yth i ng. The British Parliament finds nothing too high or too low for its notice ; and we all know the result. majority of the States of the AmericauUnion, says Mr. Parkes, " in th e i r P rov i nc i a l Legislatures, have periodically and s uccess f u lly amen d e d andim proved their legal constitutions." Virginia alone bus had twelve entire revisions of her laws. How different this from what takes place in England, where no man k nows w h at l aws are i n th e Statute Book 1 Even Lord Thurlow said he did not pre tend to know " the damned Statute Law." Last Session sickened two or three Members of Parlia ment. If Mr. Hume be spared, by killing two or three Ministers outright—for nothing less will pre vent them from rubbbing on—we may expec t some endeavour to meet the evil.—Morning Citron:de. There seems, whether we consider the general temper and feeling of the country, or refer to the daily accounts of the actual transactions in progress in different places, no reason to doubt that the re sult of the approaching election will be to assemble together a House of Commons in which the spirit of party will possess no inordinate or mischievous in- Genre, and in which those sentiments of confidence and esteem which his Majesty's Ministers so well deserve, will be so far predominant, us to extinguish the hopes, and effectually discountenance and put down the efforts of factious or systematic opposition. That a large majority of the nation give credit to the existing Administration for a sincere intention to govern well—to abolish with all prudent and practicable speed whatever abuses have crept into the management of public affairs—go economise the national resources--to respect the national feelings— to uphold the character and promote the interests of the country, and for talents competent to the execution of these honest and patriotic purposes, must be evident to ever y observer from the facts—facts which we rather think are quite new in the history of elections—that the language of ob loquy or reproach is nowhere directed against Minis ters as a means of propitiating popular favour—th at candidates generally adopt the tone of respect and confidence towards the Gov e rnment —and th at th ose even who have hitherto manifested the most deter mined hostility towards Ministers, deem it prudent now, when brought into immediate contact with their constituents, to abate their violence, and to as sume the appearance, if not of friendship, at least of moderation. Since the period when George 111. appealed to the country for the support of the Mi eister of his constitutional choice against the domi neering usurpation of a Parliamentary coalition, no Ministry in Englund has been placed in so proud and enviable a position ut any gen era l e l ect i on as that which is occupied at this moment by t h e Adminis tration of the Duke of W e lli ngton. An English Ministry, i would, however, but ill dis c h arge i ts duty to its Sovereign or the coun try , h owever confi dently t might rely on the spontaneous suffrages of the independent electors, if ut the period of at general election it were to be e n t i re l y sup i ne W or inactive. e hold, in opposition to the opinion of smite of our . contemporaries, th at i t i s at such a period it very important p art o f t h e duty of Go vernment to distinguish its friends from its enemies, to increase the former, and promote b y a ll l ega l means their success ; and, with the same limitation cooly as to the Melilla employed, to discourage and defeat the latter. The composition of the House of Commons is a mutter of infinitely to, great left to the future march of Gov ernment to b e left by any prudent and practical Statesman to the dominion of accident. In a country like Englan d,' however popular and however worthy of popularity the Administration of the day, there can never fail to be a considerable number of persons belonging to the various aristocracies of rank, of wealth, and of talent, who, from ambition, disappointment, or envy, aro anxious for its overthrow. The influence of these persons must be considerable, and it is sure to be exerted to the utmost to pro , cure the return of candidates whose Parliamentary conduct will be calculated to obstruct, embarrass, and enfeeble the Administration. To affirm that the personal and official influence of Ministers ought to remain in abeyance during the election of Mem bers of Parliament, or to deny that it is their duty to exert it in order to promote the return of can , tlidates whose principles and views are in unison 1 with their own, is therefore in effect to say that the Ministerial party ought to meet the country at in feriority --that election upon terms of self-imposed that they should willingly submit to disadvan tages from which every other-party is exempt, that while all other parties enjoy the aid and encourage , ment which the efforts of their natural leaders must, afford, the Ministerial party alone is to be deprived of this important assistance—that the stability and permanency of the Administration are objects to ' which our representative system is perman ently and upon prin c ipl e inimical—and that one ma in ob ject of our periodical or accidental dissolutions of Parliament is to secure total changes, at least equally frequent, of the Executive Government. ' It would be difficult to imagine any thing more absurd than these propositions, which are direct and unavoidable inferences from th e doctrine (if indeed they be not identical with it) that the influence of the Ministers of the Crown ought not , to be employed, directly or indirectly, in the elec tions of Members of Parliament. A more complete demonstration of the absurdity of the doctrine itself can scarcely be required. A wise and prudent Mi- 'lister will, however, perform that delicate arid has portant part of his duty which consists in applying the legitimate influence of the Crown in the forma tion of the House of Commons with great reserve and moderation. He will respect the peace and harmony of society in our towns and counties. He will seldom attempt to disturb the beneficial local influence of property and rank, although it happen to be opposed to him. He will not strive to get up an opposition even to the return of men who are the opponents in Parliament of many of his measures, if they be in other respects men of real value in the discussion or ma nagement of affairs, or particularly if they be identified in the estimation of the country with any cause or any set of principles likely to conduce to public advantage or entitled to any degree of public respect. Of this prudent and becoming moderation we have a remarkable example in the case of Mr. Hume, who is likely to be returned for the metropolitan county without opposition from any candidate in the interest of Government. It cannot be denied that Mr. Hume is a very trouble some opponent of Government in the House of Commons, or that in the mere useless consumption of time, he does mischief more than sufficient to balance all the good he ever has done, or is at all likely to do. Neither can it be doubted, we think, that the Minister, now that the Royal Family and Court is decidedly ministerial—the former, we re joice to believe, for the first time unanimously so— could easily have procured the return for Middlesex of a friendly candidate in opposition to Mr. Hume, or any other man whatever. But Mr. Hume has be come in some measure identified in the opinion of the country with the cause of economy and retrench ment in the national expenditure. The opinion may be erroneous. We think it is so. But the fact of its existence is not to be questioned. To have ex erted the influence of Government in opposition to the return of that gentleman might probably, there fore, have given rise to injurious misconstruction. He lute the merit of having been the most indus trious and prominent, although not perhaps always the most judicious advocate of economy; and this merit, it now appears, is enough to cover a multi tude of sins in the estimation of a Minister who, in the cause of economy, has more than his zeal with less than his rashness, and who, en account merely of his stre n uo us e ff orts i n t hi s cause—mis directed although many of them may have been— is yet disposed to regard him in the light of an ally rather than in that of an opponent.—Morning Port. It will be seen from an article in another part of our paper, that large exportations of gold arid silver have lately taken place, or are about to take place. Such a circumstance would have been viewed, some time ago, es little less atrocious than a direct robbery of the nation; and even now there are many who look, not only with jealousy, but even with con siderable suspicion of wrong and ruin, on the expor tation of the precious metals. We beg them to calm their fears, and to take comfort in the fact, thut individuals seldom give away large sums of money, without receiving an equivalent value in return. If the gold and the silver are now taking their departure for the Contiment, the true inference is, that they are wanted there—bear a higher price than in this country, and are exchanged for other articles which are more in request here. We are aware that it may be urged, that it would have been much more advantageous to the country—at least to the working part of its population—had the payment fur our sup plies from abroad been made in the.natural pro duce ,or manufactures of the country ; and we wil lingly give in to the objection. At the same time there is no possibility of controuling the course of commerce. For the silver and gold now in process of exportation, an equivalent value of British or other manufactures—most probably of the former— was no doubt given ; and it may turn out to be equally matter of fact, that the articles for which our gold and silver are now exporting, are not only specially required here, but that in lieu of them a large quantity of British produce has been, or is about to be exported to quarters where nothing but the precious metals can be got in exchange. The States of South America may be instanced its an ex ample in point, and even some of the oldest European countries might safely be classed with them. In truth, however, the matter is not worth talking or writing about, except for the err oneous not i ons which prevail respecting it. Whatever may be the course of commercial transactions, it may always be taken for granted that there is a 9:thl pro quo—that no one parts with his valuables, without receiving an equivalent ; and that if the bargain be advan tageous, gold and silver may us readily be given in exchange as any other articles. They are looked upon generally as mere money—or articles in which labour has not been required—but they are as much matters of commerce and manufacture as cotton or silk. They arc paid fur as such—they are need as each, and as they are now bought and sold as such, there can be no reason why their exportation should be reputed us a calamity. When they become scarce here, and bear a higher price than they do on the Continent, there can be no question that the importation of them will be as extensive as the exportation, which we have noticed elsewhere.— jihn ;zing ildvertiler. By a marriage which took place a few days ago, the lady becomes mother to her brother, sister to her grandmother to her nephew, aunt to her grandson, slaw to her daughter, and mother to her aister,—.Edia. burgh Evening (Alumni. A few days ago, an animal answering in every particular the description of a crocodile, was caught near mann, in this county, in a culvert that crosses the road. It vim tires di►covered by a woman, who heard it cry out from her own door. On approaching the spot, she saw it at the mouth of the culvert. It is now in the possession of Mr. Ism : iv, of Haywood. It is nearly four feet in length, and is still living. It is said that last year a man and a woman were travelling- the country with some young animals of this species, aid that they washed them in a brook near ilium ; one of them escaped, and it is believed to be the one caught as before stated.—Slaffordsitir e Advertiser. SUMMER ASSIZES. HOME CIRCUIT._CIIELMSFORD, JULY 27. The commission for holding the Assizes was opened here yesterday, by Mr. Baron GARROW. MARKS V. MOSS. This was an action against the defendant to recover damages for injuries and losses sustained in consequence of the carelessness of defendant's servant. It appeared from the statement of Counsel, that the plaintiff on the 3d of December last, was re turning in a chaise-cart from Romford, where be had been to market ; on the road he stopped at a pub lic-house and had some tea, and then went on his way with all reasonable expectations of attainin g the end of his journ e y in safety. When he got near a place called Irish-row, he heard a noise of some vehicle behind driving at a furious rate; and this was a postchaise belonging to the defendant Moss, and driven by one of his post-hoys. The latter was immediately called to, but disregarded the cry to atop, otherwise there was plenty of room to have reined in the horses. The consequence was, that the chaise coming in contact with one of the wheels of the cart, overset it : Marks and a person with him were thrown out, by which the plaintiff was severely injured. Previous to overtaking the plaintiff, the post-boy had nearly driven over some others. Defendant very violently refused to make any compensation, and so the present action became necessary. No defence was offered, and the Jury returned a verdict of 201. damages. John Harris and John Brown were indicted for burglariously entering the house of John Thomp son, at Ilford, on the night of the 23d of March last. The prisoners were found Guilty, and death was recorded against them. NORTHERN CIRCUIT.—YORK, JULY 26. The commission was opened here on Sunday by Judges TINDAL and BAYLEY, who yesterday prc ended in state to the church that adjoins the Minster (which is yet under repair) to hear Divine Service. This day Lord Chief Justice TINDAL proceeded to try the city prisoners at the Guildhall, and having disposed of one of the three which are for trial, ad journed with his learned colleague to the Castle to open the Courts. Mr. Justice BAYLEY presided at the Crown Side, and the Chief Justice at Nisi Prius, but there was not a single case in either Court which possessed the slightest public interest. The calendar is extremely light, haring on it the names of forty-one prisoners only. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. BOW-STREET. Yesterday a man named Phelp, who keeps a livery-stable in Hart-street, Covent•garden, and his wife, were placed at the bar, charged with having stolen It sovereigns from a person named Baxter, who stated himself to be a botanitt. It appeared from the prosecutor's statement, that on Friday last he went to the house of the pri soners for a change of linen, and brought with him 14 sovereigns, which were tied up in his cravat.— He placed the handkerchief and money next to his hat, and in a short time after he missed the money. No person was in the room at the time but the fe male prisoner, and he saw her speaking to the male prisoner, who merely looked into the room, and went away almost immediately. Mr. C. Phillips, who appeared for the prisoners, cross-examined the prosecutor at considerable length, and drew from him several strange admissions. He had been, he said, to Botany Bay, to collect plants for Mr. knight, of Knightsbridge, and he was worth 20,0001.; but somehow or other, whenever he drew money, it was always stolen from him, and the next .morning he found himself not worth " a dump."— He had several times provided himself with money to go down to Scotland, for the purpose of visiting his friends, but was always obliged to abandon his intention, the funds which he had drawn for the pur. pose having been stolen from him. The night pre vious to this robbery he had passed in a house of accommodation in Lisle-street; but he was quite certain that no person there had robbed him, as he had taken the precaution of . placing the sov ere i gns which he had a bout him i n h is cravat. He had lived for five days in another brothel in Lisle street, the landlady of which had furnished him with a bill amounting to 40/. lie admitted that he was in the habit of drinking pretty freely; but he was seldom drunk before dinner. Mr. C. Phillips submitted that the prosecutor, by his own admission, was not entitled to belief. Mr. MINSHULL said, however, that as the loss of the sovereigns under the circumstances described had been distinctly sworn to, it %vas his duty to commit the prisoners for trial. He, however, would take good bail for their appearance at the Sessions. The required bail was accordingly put in, and the prisoners were discharged. In the course of the morning Mr. MINSHULL re. ceived a communication from Mr. Harmer, stating that the witnesses in the case of Captain Helsham had arrived from Boulogne, and were ready to be brought forward. Mr. MINSHULL replied, that Friday next had been appointed for the hearing, but as the witnesses were in attendance, ho would send to the prison for Cap tain Helsham, and have the case brought on, pro vided that gentleman offered no objection. Captain Hrlsham was accordingly sent for, and upon his arrival, was taken to the private room, where, in a conversation with Mr. Minshull, he re quested that the case might stand over until Friday, as Mr. Adolphus, whom he had retained on his be half, was at Chelmsford, and could not attend before that day. Mr. C. Phillips, who appeared for the prosecu tion, had understood Captain ilelaham to have said, that if he (Mr. Phillips) made no statement against him, but merely went into the evidence, he had no objection to meet the charge at once. To this ar rangement he (Mr. Phillips) was willing to accede; and, indeed, it would not be necessary to make any statement, as the two witnesses who had come over from Boulogne would be sufficient to prove the fact of the duel, which was all that was at present re quired to make out a prima facie case against Cap tain Ilelaharn. Mr. MlNtinut.t. had agreed to let the case stand over until Friday, which was all that Captain Hel sham required. Mr. C. Phillips regretted that the case could not be brought forward at once, as on Friday next hia professional duties would require his attendance at the Canterbury election, The case was than appointed for next Friday, at one o'clock. Information was received by Sir 11.11tiottE in the course of the morning, of an intended duel between two barristers; and Taunton, the officer, was imme diately despatched to bring the parties to this office. On their arrival with the officer, they were brought before Sir it. litamk, in the private room, when the fact of a hostile message baring been proved in evidence, both gentlemen were winked to give bail in the sum of lOU, to keep the peace towards each other for 12 months. The affair was managed with the greatest secresy, and neither the names of the parties nor the cause of quarrel were suffered to transpire. LAIIBETILSTREET. A professional gentleman named Kelly, yesterday came to this office, accompanied by a young woman named Sarah Measures, and stated that he wished to know why the parish of All Saints, Poplar, re fused to allow the young woman a certain sufficient sum weekly for the support of the male illegitimate child which she carried in her arms. It appeared that the young woman had been se duced by the steward of an Indiaman. The parish offi cara h a d gone to him and had agreed to receive 34/. es an entire exoneration to the young man for any trouble the child might bring him into. Mr. Clark, one of the overseers, said the parish had no other intention than to allow the woman a sum weekly to support her child, and they though 3s. sufficient. Mr. Kelly said that was not sufficient; bit Magistrates decided that it was, and thus Shs terminated. CATUS. Fromto, itw v i latribeetyof admitted h i by anigwritingst h alre ady s w lulled fully entitled to the reputation of a critie,.slle. guist, a physician, a naturalist, and an ante' He passed the last years of his life, as hal been stated, in the academic retreat he . riti t formed for himself at Cambridge; but doetig,, appear to have retired from the public Wi. of his profession from any gloomy distant to the world, but from a truly philosophic kneels for learned leisure ; as is apparent froth , that merous pieces upon literary subjects, in he was engaged to the last moment of hi! Before his death he was reduced to a dett° great bodily weakness; and from a curious F.! sage in Dr. Moufret's " Health Improvet or, Rules concerning Food," we learned th'7 attempted to sustain his decaying fraele . bil verting to the food of inf a ncy. The paier,, as follows : " What made Dr. Caius in his last so peevish and so full of frets at Cot ' when he sucked one woman (whom I,9 3 et i name), froward of conditions and of beav ' w hi and contrariwise, so qu i e t an d well, witti sucked another of contrary dispositions? lll ,,,, the diversity of their milks and condition being contrary one to the other, TO OI O/41 0 1, in him th a t s uc k e d th em contrar y effects ' dit d withstanding all these precautions, Cu bm i w wj e r u g u 4: l r y :lic , t b h, 2 iEn i 9r iiNl i t ' a s e to : l g e t s. s a r s a xd 's7 a v 'S i i e lod : v i f :tn ii a.h nn a ep d tt r i f e lh oo e so e riietx 6c m o h3 el e a p d d P i t t : Y l a m ie pa ar e r : " be f° won fi t ilis s i w i l p d APH: 34 : 7 l ,F. ' ; l ,,, ' laconic inscription :—Fui Cants.--FOIW 441 THE MARKETS. • ~ 4 sti o Corrow.—Although there is not so much Joist days back prices are firm ; Surats may bsquoLed bil to 411. ; Bengal 4id. to bid. ; Madras Std. ", 4 Smyrna 7d. to Bd. ; Pernambuco 71d. to Bit I, Orleans 6d. to Bd. ; Georgia Baweds 6J. to I / See Island Is. to Is. 6d. ; Bourbon 7d. to 101 ; 0, 7d. to 8 4 d. ; West India 6id. to 7P. ; D enWratil ierti 9d. ; and Berbice 7d. to Bd. per lb. in bond; 0 , 1 ,1 4 (duty paid) is qu o t e d f rom I s . 2d. to I. 10d• lit SALTPYTICIL is from 38s. to 355 . per cwt. ... sale of nearly 700 b ags announce d f o r to-dai 11l '. postponed. ° 0000 4 ibb ii Mrs.—The accounts from the plantati6oo .16 ing state an improvement in the appearoool f4 "' ,If and the duty, which a few dayisince was at mi ninkl! to-day risen to 115,0001. an d 120,0001. ,sm e ' 7 " - very fiat. vis sc • COUNTRY CORN MARKETS DURII4O 11_2,1/1«.0"*".1 Wheat. Barley. Per Quarter. Boston 4 s. 40 99 2,3 , 0 0 24 •••• 00 - 13 9 2 4 2 „ 111 21 , v -- 24 w (;ainsborough Grinthain . Grimsby Horticastle*. Lincoln Spilsbv •. to 74 78 74 78 t',6 7.1 54 86 65 70 64 72 66 8 72 84 to I. 35 40 23 35 US 33 Stamford, York, :13 54 VS ZXETER MA Beef (score) cis. 04. 14. Od. Mutton 5 —0 Si Vex! and tArnb 0 3 —0 51 Ikrk 0 4 —0 111 Geve (c.o. II) 4 0 —5 6 Ducks (coup'e) 3 o—4 6 Fowls .2 6—4 0 • A .KE od. PP"' Wheat ( bu sitc l )*** 9 4 6. 0 0 ,4 ) Ilsrley 9 4 1 g Oats ..0 5 it Beans ....r“"..0 • 9 , Batter ..... 0 Eggs (I • -. E; . ... 0 — 1 r.gatoo - , el`, 3 0 4, Cmairrac—Wheat, per7slb. 10s. 3d. to Kuh 41. 9,1. to Ss. e 5.1.3 Oats, 41/11). as. &1. to 5.1. AA '' 4. 1 11011 ''i Nucrwicia.—wheat, per 751 b. U.. ed • t o i l er qrts. Se. Od. to Ss. 6J.; Oats. SOlb. SL . Od. to 516 , RKETS. Jul , 200 0 i1V aeri h e:........_._.y t ..._w........ , per barrel 20 stone T SO ir;;; o tb:ilipi:'''': 3 . -- 41: ' , ' 0 i g $ 1 10 7 s a t to on n e e ---- 0 -; 0 , 7 ... .- : a '4' 1 .372 Oats ~..........—.....,„~ 12 stone 17 0 11 0 ....- el 7,521 Cwt. F10ur—........ 9 stone 8 0 --.. 19 ' 2480 Oatmeal..,, 8 stone 18 0 ft. ) ° . . i Sold to Makers only, 6,432 Cwt. Flour . 'X 0 *3,, r i d 5et . ,..., L 0 1. Average price of Wheat and Flour , 1 ." r - 0 4, 11 t0 , - - e 656. by 0.. IRISH MA DUBLIN MARKET NO from Fir AU, worn.. IRA, Otl• Receipts of lelour, 116561 5ee .„ d5,. ..„. flora W" Sales of 1)0. 7,631 hots P . • 0 , ritcs or no Quartern Loaf 10Md. I Half Quart'" Wheat. I Barley, 1 Oats. per barrel per barrel per barrel 21 stone. 16 stone. 14 stone. tionr. J , s. J. a s.d. s.d. a s.d. LB. a u.,1.4 d. Cork ......290--.rlo 13 6 0 0 13 4--17 0 21 rr i f Limerick !30 0-35 0 II 6-12 a 8 9-15 0 1 8 Waterford'W. 0-34 0 17 0-20 0 17 O.—W 0 17 Dng CIOIIIIICI ...131 8-38 8 10 0-14 6 II 6-15 6 20 0- „ 7, 1 Carlow 28 012 0-19 0,10 0.-130 20 ow' r . 41 7, 4 1.> i t # tfr Or 0 Al 10 nil i 9 # "! ~,, .....1 41 ''... - . 0 Al 10 0-.14 Atli n—ia op. , 1. , i 01 aj,•..- 5 , ( - Carlow.... 128 (: , -30 0112 a-is olio u-13 WO 0- !----- --- ' • --------- ------,,,-,-.=_7--,-,,,-_-------_,,,,,,--ifiiiier. , IBeef, Mutton Pork, per lb. per lb.' per cwt. Ist. • - i I .......- ~, tit I ~---_,...., ----. -.-.....-- -- ~, • 0 a Id. ad.d. A d. s. d. as.its.d. it U' ti s - 4re : Cork ...-..... 4 -6 4 -8 111 0-20 6700 0 1 I A s - ill ; I Limerick- 3-5 4 1 _ 0 3. 0-35 0176 71 - es , Waterford 3 -5j4 -6 39, 0-25 6174 071 67 , ... I Cloomel -9. -4 3 - 5 .3 0-30 0171 0-- ( ,1054 Carlow...-. 4 -5j 0 .- 0 . 0 0- 0 0174 74 - ' ' L k, ' Every body has read A NSTE7S ,Bath Iit'A IIVPH:.. which, for its witty and pia f landcharaderisll6, 01, y u W s tion in very fluent and melodious verse, is one ° iIA deservedly popular works in the lantruage. t li ei ~,,' could increase its popularity it would be the tr ib- te , a ii6 r, ment of CRUIKSHANICS sketches , which il l4ll- ,0111P 7, ' edition of it, published by Mr. Barrros, the Ittw",01 0 :, But our chief object in noticing it is to correct leo!' dinary mistake which the editor has committed a l ~.: f ' et lowing uote:— 0 4. 4 " Dean Tucker is one of the curious instarle k ii, 4., slipping out of recollection. Who now trienL l l,ll l s V0 F ; . 4 1 Yet he was one of the most active and most P. -- ,,,,ig ilfr . England. not fifty years ago; a scholar, A Wit It - wk/ ring politician, And a most subtle and scientific t heand ! yet the author of SearrA's 1 4 ght of Sabin'. a n ," 1 ifia" on the American question, has strangely PaOt ' ate al Ail . oi The editor has here confounded t wo pol'of characters were almost as dissimilar as those IN j o r the poet, and M ILTON t h e h orse -dreier. P tali rbite r. A pal • , TUCTAIL, the bustling hot-headed 'Haiti- - ; . l e, o ts, bears no resemblance to the calm, contelopliTi o f AISAAIIAM Tucxxn, the author of The iig- s h - 010 Pursued, whom Dr. PA LIT pronounced 10 4. 110 1 ) gine! thinker of his age, and to whom he hatilieP: . obligation for man fthe tstrikin g bin" )11 00r - 41 yo moat PAilosopliy. The Dean of Gt.oucuarta wissjitecalsol minded man, the enemy of Locust, and t h e , 0 the American Stamp Act. Buate dernolibea_ 011, he is justly forgotten ; but ABRAHAM Tot: e er, remembered while there is one mind in Elle °, kW' of appreciating preeizit,iai4r. ngsound argument and profoun aior 141° ' _____ _-- 14 ' BIRTHS. t h e Of 4( .- .. (fn the 26th inst. at Sutton', Essex, th e Charles Smith, Bart. of a slaughter. lON On the 27th inst. at Belvedere -house, Pt ° tw e J If° L. Engstrom, of a son. 1.-, I. I..sssi On the 26th inst. at Bounties itts.• .„, of a son. ......v .'. On the 27th inst. a I‘ t I S A t. TI G R !. E .kr D KC'er 1141°Y Tanner, jun. Son of T. Tanner, Esq . of his 111111041- turns, London, and Lewisham, to Alargsret K i°ll • ter of H. liennah, Esq. of Estsex•street. oda' On the 26th fast. at St. James% fra - c - C*l l 7 $ 1 Esq. of Hampton Court Palace , la Saunters, youngest daughter of John 00, Ardele Bury, Herts. ' tY 1 DIED. e .,„ il ber On the 24th init. in Groerenor.plaos - ,ii,,m wife of Capt. N. Belchier, 1 1 . 14 . orm. .''' On the 24th inst. Sarah, w ife of Dir. ' Sawilk-plate, Mite-end, aged 70. .... y _ t i v ci'+; --- if VRI )° PAI/1/110 AND PUSLUSIND ST _ 1 ,0 0 04. Tat SUN Orrielt, 112, SILAXPS ~~ - 7•••• •• • , Ps ••••• e.• 100 at 1 1 130" 1 "'... dirt 14U fork 172 84 iB4 3 4 1 24 —.— -- , sk. NORWICH. July 21. ,, V.,,0,, Wheat (per qr.) ... Me. '721. '77s. I Beans (per qr .).... " 2:i.',.,,, 8ar1ey...... d,, ..,- W. 345. 265. }' case, 1it__ . ::!.• ........„ ....... 1 : 0ac k) 1)0 Oats 24s Ws. 31s. Flour. fine (pe CAN'lttillUltl. AO 24 ' ....4 ' a Wheat, white ..... .... 63g. to 78s. ...... Old ..... «. . ....„ to' s, --- red 535. to 7 0 4 - Barley. Malin.... 31. to 344 ...„ tirin dl 3l: . .. 4 , tol , Bats ............ .......... I.los. to ads Old..“*": stls. 14 44 Beans 354. to 314. ...... 011... ..•' 9 0., to! ' _,,,. , Pe.ue............. ...... Ws. to 38s.