The Sun. — London, England, 1854-02-09 00:00:00

lies, cer• Dr of the B dressed fed. The L- year are of being Govern ilivno, and two le fez is a winter, Ind snoic ie allow' ree pairs 'ten worn tier from ire hard , IT's time• ree years, ether one ' Reform d to the which is want Of bit give s 9 nothing great de• king into avalry is short and fair ; the RS rather but froze , ntinople ral of tho )ped this, e proper ivity, tbe rzi Bashi working tments of on of no . decidedly ;he hear/ ck sheep' arpenters le tinmea e greatest L and no' 'ere ♦ery VI - am/4os y are noil informed carriage. nons are istantino' is oast st rigs fro Id show° 4 than the shrapnel n or neg' ry, ever,' nice of a a Turkish t:,) , the ill' e Morn'' alafat 0 1 Iting the g infor ut Kala• ) you on ICOMplete ) guns 0 0 by their story WAS ;o that of 1 after the ep on the that the thought in a fair I of the RussiiiiS as beaten loss, by is Turks ing night Ilan rein th parties lances, i t )sition to ,o, that $ iey there• repose. onduct of avalry is icer cora' ed. The eeing the übt, has' e. Russian rs started them to ansported le cavalry did not. ave been 13 , proved unts pre firelocks iat streets; ince then for the vith fire• a's ante y different Oltenitza er of St. number .ted and ian force ening of dead-- er again drons of nate loss to nine n mann muity to t of the particu ation for c his sol with his ery con go badly mmand, shortly d. The erstand, similarly leir caps •ks have r before ps from melee. oth par ;inforce have en daily actually own the so back the bet- Lnd and so that thrnent, ussians. out to Ikea no artainly sidered 39, it is ITurks. e ; had re been m stick em the 9.gainst ey will Lure of rces at ;0,000, rajowa, absurd ;eneral across neces to our enemy ending [inhere at the under entra- a have ;, con lent is Turks ;e pro yards. ssians pu the those Rus ht to yards, vered, tthod, w the soon. 3 to a s well high, Rus t cum noke, it the 4110discliage„ ,The method, then, of accounting for the poeition of thei_wouncla may be fairly considered ed ilkusory. "Aohmet,,Pacb.s. is. about. tO be supersed in his command "at Xalafat by Meheriaet Pacha—Musbeer (Field-Marshal), who was formerly ambassador at the Caart of St. James's. His character will be better Anown to the habituls of town than to those of Widdin. I , s i, tt will therefore be unnecessary to detail that which has 2ef,o pre ceded him on his journey to the seat of war. One Yf f thing appears certain that he has never seen any service, 7 01 . :but this in Tnrkey is no bar...whatever to a commander- Achmet Pacha was precisely in the same pc-, sition before his maiden essay' at . Citate. The more Intimate a person gets with Turkey and its internal • , economy; the more difficult it is to understand how • matters go on at all. The Pachas sit and - sitors the greater portion o f the day, and never appear to have anything to do. A secretary brings in a letter occasionally, which his Excellency signs with his seal, which he carries carefully attached to his person in ta• a little gold net-work bag. There is no organised com missariat department, and yet the soldiers do not want for food—they are better fed than soldiers in Europe. The commander-in-chief has literally no staff about him, except a few aides-de-camp, who act the part of couriers and messengers, and yet troops are moved hither and thither—they are supplied with food at the villages • where they encamp. It is equally impossible to discover that there is any corps of officers at the head of the ord ... c nance department for the supply of ammunition, and hitherto no want of that sine qua no fight has been ex- perienced. "Widdin, the town immediately opposite Kalafat, doubtless ought to be described by a correspondent writing from the seat of war. But to say anything new about it, as compared with any other Turkish fortified towns, is no easy task. As mentioned in a former let ter, it has a double enceinte of fortification of little strength, which would require a small army to garrison it. Between the inner and outer line. is afaubourg, in habited by,Bulgarians and others, not Turks. The Chris tians may have shops in the interior if they please but they . are not permitted to reside there. The number of houses in the town and faubourg is—Turkish, 1,500 ; Christian, • 1,250 ; Jewish, 360 ; and, allowing five persons to each 'house as an 'average, the population would amount to 15,550. The latter class appear to be more favoured, or trusted perhaps, than the Christians, for many of them reside in the fortress itself. They are, like the Jews of every other part of the globe, keen after 'the -wilier.' It 'is curious to see the jars, &c., of an apothe cary's shop labelled in good old Hebrew letters. The . Hebrew, however, is not their language of conversation, for"they all speak Spanish. Those of Smyrna, Salonica, and otherlarge towns on the sea . coast, speak the same language ; but hitherto it has been impossible to pro cure any explanation of this very curious phenomenon. When• did they come from Spain ? and why aid they leave that country ? are questions which, as there hap . penito be no circulating library at Widdin, it is not easy to reply to." THE POLISH LEGION. Before embarking at Marseilles for Constanti nople, General Wysocki, who will take command of the Polish legion in Turkey, issued the following address to the Polish emigration : " MARSEILLES, Dec. 23, 1853.—1 n honouring me with your confidence, you authorised me to put myself in corn ' mnnication, and to treat with the Turkish Government for the formation of a Polish legion. " Before entering the vessel which is to convey me to Constantinople, I feel it a duty to expose to you my views and ideas upon the object of my mission. The blood, the '' life, of every Pole belong exclusively to Poland. We are not, therefore, allowed to sacrifice them, upless by so doing we can giie life to our hopes, and turn them to the advan tage of the national cause. ' To us Poles it is quite clear that the safety of Turkey, and as a consequence that of the West, can only be assured by the existence of Poland, free and independent. Poland . alone can form a barrier, shielding not only Turkey but the civilisation of the West against the encroachments of the barbarians. The Turkish Government is beginning to 'be convinced of the truth of this assertion. The first o ject of my mission will be to strengthen and enlarge that con viction, as well with the Turkish Government as with the people. Once convinced that their cause is intimately bound up with the cause of Poland, the Turkish Govern ment will readily find means and the most efficacious measures to protect our interests in common. . " One of those means is the formation of a Polish legion in Turkey, where elements exist ready to hand, easy to be called into action. But the legion must be assembled un der the Polish standard, under the banner and watchword of our forefathers; for only by fighting for the independence of Poland—only by appearing in a national character, can 'i we arouse those patriotic sentiments in the hearts of our brethren who, under a Russian uniform, have not I l,l * ceased to fight earnestly for Poland. On this path alone re •ean we all render important services as well to our ally as 1. to our . country. Any other line of action would be un worthy of Poles " To obtain from thaTurkish Government the formation of inch a legion is the second and last object of pay present mission. I could not within the limits of thislptter —and it would be superfluous — expla in to y ou what principles will be my guide in the present, as welt as in my future action ; my past life and, twenty years spent in the same path offer you suftleient guarantee. " You will .easily understand that, leaving with such a mission for Constantinople, I. shall have obstacles to con we and that many months may elapse before shall be ,understood, before they will grant us what we ask. " It is for this reason that I beg of you, and entreat you, not to leave France before you receive a positive invitation from me. By a premature arrival in Turkey, you be hurtful instead of beneficial to our cause. " You will receive all communications from me through the intermedium of my friend, with whom I have laboured and still continue to labour, and with whom I shall keep up a continual communi lation, and who remains for the present in France. " Be • patient, then, and hold yourselves in readiness. The desired moment will perhaps arrive sooner than we hope, and then, I am sure, you will rally round the Polish flag, to shed your last drop of blood for our beloved country. " Patience and hope ; our cause is sacred, and God will aid us." NEW RUSSIAN PRAYER. The new form of prayer recently introduced into the Danubian Principalities by the Russian autho rities has a strong political colouring. It has been translated into the Romanic language, and thou sands of copies distributed among the people. After a general supplication for all Orthodox believers, for the holy and unerring Synod and the clergy, comes a special prayer for the most pious Autocrat, the Grand Mastet (Marele-Doninu), and Emperor of All the Russias, Nicholas Pawlovitch, the Em press Atexandrina Feodorofna, and their family, the Court, and the army— and may God protect them, and cast all their enemies and the malevolent at their feet." After this follows a prayer recently composed by the Russian Synod, in which there is the following passage : "We pray to Thee, 0 Go.;, to protect Thy holy ortho dox Church, Thy servant , Nicholas Pawloviteh, the most pious Autocrat, the Grand Master and Emperor of All the Russias, from all evil, passion, and distress, to preserve him from all enemies visible and invisible, to grant him place, health, and a long life, and to encompass him with Thy armed angels." Then comes another production of the holy Syno 1, in which mention is made of the army, and its bril liant deeds of arms, as also of those of Moses against Pharaoh, and of David against Goliath. The con clusion of the Te Deum, is : "Give, 0 Lord, to the Emperor Nicholas, to the Em press Alexandrina.Feodorofna, and to their offspring, happy days, a peaceful life, health, and safety, and grant them the victory over all their enemies " The foregoing supplications, which are being translated into the Bulgarian language, will accom pany the Russians to the right bank of the Danube. • FRANCE. The Paris papers of yesterday, had not reached us when we went to press. The following has been received by electric tele graph consequence of orders received at Brest, on the ith, for the immediate departure of the Atlantic. Squadron, it is expected that Admiral Bruat will make signal for sailing immediately. The squadron, it is said, will sail for the coast of Algeria. The Bourse was heavy yesterday, and there was not much business transacted. The Three per Cents. closed at 68f. 60c. for the end of the month. The Four-and -a-Ralf per Cents. closed at 97f. 50c. ; Orleans Railway shares, 1,962 f. 50c. ; Rouen, 895 f. ; Havre, 435 f. ; Great Northern, 731 f. 50c. ; paris and Strasburg, 7 12 f. 50c. ; ditto, New, 560 f. ; Western of France, 570 f. ; Bordeaux and Cette, 537 f. 50e. ; Great Central, 437 f. 50c. ; Lyons and Geneva, 450 f. ; Shares of the Bank of Credit Me biller, 620 f. SPAIN. MADRID, FEB. 3.—The Three per Cents. closed at 371.1 ; .1 Wonnet , GREECE. ATHENS, Feb. 3.—An insurrection has taken place in the province of Arta, and in the adjoining districts. The notables have issued a proclamation. Four hunched insurgents have sworn to die in defence of the Cross and of the Greek Church. GENERAL ANNUITY SOCIETT.—The twenty-eighth an niversary of this important charity 'was celebrated yes terday at the London Tavern. About 150 gentlemen sat down to dinner, and the duties of chairman were efficiently performed by Mr. Newdegate, M.P. After the customary loyal toasts the peculiar claims of the charity were brought under the notice of the company by the chairman. The object of the General Annuity Society was meant to grant annuities to decayed mem bers, bankers, professional men, master manufacturers, tradesmen, their widows and clerks, &c., from all parts of the United Kingdom. It had been now twenty-eight years in existence, and the untiring patronage of the public was the best proof of its intrinsic excellence. At the conclusion of an eloquent appeal a collection was ma de, the result of which was an addition of 750/. to the funds of the charity. One or two other toasts were then proposed, including the health of Mr. S. Aldritch, the secretary, after which the company separated. CONTUSION OF TIN CONVICT TAPNER.—O n Friday morning Tapner, the Guernsey murderer, gave the clergy , pa p e r, stating that, as he desired there should be zinolllonger any doubt upon the subject, he now declared th a t he 11010 R Paq of *rich= for which he was condemned. . • .4,. • VIEW OF SEBASTOPOL. The proprietors of the Gallery of Illustration in Regent street seem determined to maintain their reputation for bringing artistic skill of a high order to bear in the pictorial illustration of p laces rendered peculiar eventsly in teresting to the publio b y recent or passing . When attention was very generally directed to our great Eastern dependencies, they presented_us with a beauti ful diorama of the over land route to India , .while the ..rush of 'emigrants to the goldirodticing colday - of. Australia, .and the discovery of the north-west passage; led to the production of two panoramic works, the most beautiful perhaps that have ever bee en" exhibited gio ns." in the metropolis, the " Ocean Mail,"nd thArc Re The war between Russia and Turkey has also led to the active employment of the clever artists of this estab lishment. Some time ago it was our pleasure to highly , commend two very fine views of the capitals of the con tending nations—Constantinople and St. Petersburg— and last night a third, in the same series, was for the first time submitted to the criticism of the audience — namely, an extensive view of the town of Sebastopol with its capacious harbour, and well mounted and almost impregnable fort of which we have lately heard so much. Next to the banks of the Danube, there is no part of the world to which more interest now attaches. It was here that the Retribution (ominous name by the by), with characteristic English daring, entered boldly from the Black Sea with the message from the .00mbined fleets, and took up a position right under 700 guns, utterly regar her rigging ; and it is for here a lso that the Fury, another • ominous name, has just departed from Constantinople to demand the liberation of the English engineers taken prisoners at the battle of Sinope, though the Czar has already dismissed with disgrace the admiral who bad charge of the harbour when the Retribution o farrived on a similar mission, and who show,:wl a degree o forbear ance which the Autocrat deemed wholly inexcusable. Who knows also but this may be yet t•he scene of some bloody battle ? The harbour of this import ant maritime situation is formed by an immense arm of the Pea, which has made for itself a deep bed, and penetrates inwards i upwards of 6 marine miles. Neither rocks nor shoals ob struct the navigation of this magnificent basin. The en trance is protected by a series of forts on both sides of the bay, which is 22 miles across. The guns, which are said by some to amount to 1,200, of large calibre, are so arranged as to be able to pour a tremendous cross fire upon hostile ships; but it appears that the stone of which the fortifications are built is so soft that cannon shot will stick in it as if it were only sand. The harbour of Sebastopol also possesses four spaci ous creeks, which are perfectly sheltered and of great depth ; indeed, in one of them the largest three-decker can lie at anchor within a few yards of the shore. Between the two principal of these creeks stands the august city, which the word Sebastopol is understood to signify. On some of the rocks very ancient rings maybe occasionally observed, which are supposed by antiqua rians to have been used by the Greeks for securing their boats ; if so, they serve to show that the water was much higher in those days than at present, as they are now entirely out of reach for any such purpose. The new view presents an open country, with the city of Sebas topol on the opposite side of the harbour, in which groups of ships are lying at anchor. The whole does infinite credit to Messrs. Grieve and Telbin, the artists. WEDNESDAY EVENING CONCERTS. The 15th of these concerts took place last night at Exeter-ball. The attendance was no less ample than fashionable—in compliment, it may be presumed, to the entrepreneur, Mr. Wm. Willott, whose benefit it was, and whose enterprise in carrying on a periodical musical nndertaking for so long a period, deserved the recognis ance. The programme, selected from the works of several of the most popular operatic composers, was full of musical attraction ; added to which, Mr. Willott also provided for his friends the following vocalists :—Miss Louisa Pyne, Madame Newton Frodsham, Miss Grace Alleyne, Miss Stabbac•h, Miss M. Wells, Miss Maria Simpson (her first appearance at the hall), Madame F. Lablache. Miss Lucy Ledger (who made her first appear ance), Mr. A. Braham, Mr. T. Young, Mr. Leffler, and Signor F. Lablache. The soloists were—Harp, Mdlle. L. Christine ; grand pianoforte, Herr Meyer Lutz ; violin, Mr. Viotti Collins. The band, in their various performances, sustained the high character which they have so deservedly won in public estimation. The en cores of ;songs were frequent. The entertainment gave general satisfaction. MARKET NE WS--(T11.1.S DAY.) GENERAL AVERAGE PRICES OF BRITISH CORN For the Week ended Feb. 9, IBc4, male up from the Returns of V e In- pectors to the different Cities and Towns in Engiand and Wale , per imperial Quarter. WHEAT. I BARGEE. I OATS. I STE. BEANS. PEAS. 82s 8a 418 81 I 278 01 494 Id I 48s 31 525 61 THE SIX WEEKS' AVERAGE. WHEAT. BAELEY. I OATS. ET& 1 BEANS. 1 PEAS. 9s 41 ; 41s 8d 26s 5d 19s 3d 47s 9d 511 5d DUTIP,i ON FOREIGN CORN. WHEAT. I BARLEY. OATS. BYE. I BEANS. PEAS. lls Od is Od Is Od Is Od Is Od Is Od 20 17 20 all 50 all 20 14 'Do Staines, Wok &Wok Stockton & Darling. Stockton & Hartlepl Taff Vale Do. £lO shares. Do. Pref., No. 1 Thames Haven Dock and Railway Vale of Neath Waterfd. & Kilkenny Waterford&Limerick West Cornwall West End of London and Crystal Palace West London Wimbledn & Croydon York Newetl.&Berw. Do. Extensions Do. G.N.E. Purchase York & N. Midland !O all .0 51s it. 100 15 20 5 13 it. 100 3 16 5i 26 - 7i it d -49 I 151 I 68f 7} $f Ilf 481iiii PREFERENCE SHARES. St. 100 Iberdeen •b• St. 100 Do. No. 2,7 p. c ... ... 25 30 Dlythand Tyne lOper c. pref. (issd. at 50/) ... ... St. 100 'lris. & Ex. 4p. c. St. ~, ... 20 5 Do. 4p. c. Shares ... St. 100 Caledonian £lO .... 15 all Chester & Holyhead Guar. 5i per cent ... ...ad 64 64 Cork &Bandousip.c ... ... 64 all Dundee Perth &Aber deen Junction 3?, all EastAnglian (£3los) 6 per cent 3i 3 5 all Do. ( £5 ) 7 per cent 4 46 74 2 Do. (£7 17s) 7p. c 4 4 p 6 all Eastern Counties Ex tension, sp. c. No. 1 1 —14 i, pm 6i all Do. No. 2 10 all Do, New 6p. c. St. 13i —l4 134 20 all Eastern Union, Scrip Guar. 6 per cent 22 23 5 all Do. 51., 10 per cent. ... - ... 10 all Do. 101. Debeutr.Sh- ... ... St. 11141 East Lan easi t. 6 p. ets. ... ... 5 all East and West York shire June. Pref ... _ ... 5 all Ediub Prth.&Dundec 5. per cent. St. LOU Glasgow& S.Westeri; Guar. 5 per cent. , ... St. 100 Great Northn. sp. c. 119 121 St. 100 Do. 5 p. c. Redeem., at 10 p. c. prem lO9 111. 10 10 Do. 46 p. c. Scrip - . 4 6 p 10i 4 10 6 Gt.N. of Scot. I st Prof ~, ... 64 all Gt,Soutlin.&Westm. (Ireland) Eighths)... 8 - 8i 20 4 Do. 4 per c. Pref, Sh. ... .., 50 6 ~t. Westn. (Berke & Rants Ex. sp. c).. 64 7 St. 100 Do. cov. red. 46 p.e. 96 - - 98 , i St St.. St. 1 1 00 01(00) L D OD o i 10 . . c . &N o vi si n a .. v i l • e . vv d ., J • a44,aui 4 ipc. 1.. y.ocssy, p. . . . p c pp141, .. 81.. c: 90 :. 2. ~, . i).4 —___9 3 s . . . 97 711964 St. 100 Do. irred. 4p. c.... 93 _ 95 xd 16 6 Lan. &York. F. £2O id par St. 100 Do. 6p. c. Stock ... 137 13 4 ad 20 13 Leeds N. 6p. c. No.l ~„ ~ 12? 9 Do. Quarters, 1848... .., ... St: 100 London and Brighton Guaranteed sp. c ... ~, ... St. 100 Do. Prof., sp. c. St. ~,,, 50 all 'Do. Convertible, sp, c., 1852 • ••• St. 100 Do. New Guar.6 p. c ... ~ Nuneaton 50 5 Loudon &S. Western Con. Thirds 126 all Londonderry& Coler 6 Shares — ... 126 all Londy.SLEllllid.6Sh 124 124 25 all Kan., Shef., & Lin , 4 Shares, No. 1. 10 all Do. New, £lO 9 9, 6 46 Do. .t 6 par —4 p 126 all Nlarypt.&Carl.4 p.c. .., ... 126 all Do. 46 per cent — ... 124 104 Do — ... St. 100 Aid. Consol.6 p.e.St. ... ... P St. 100 Do. Consol. Bristol & Birm. 6 per cent.... 137 139 138 ; 164 5 Do. Pref. 44 per cent 11 id 10 6 Norfolk Debenture .. ~, ~, St. 100 Do. Pref. 4p. c. Stock m ~, St. 100 Do. 5 p.c. Eat • • ••• ' St. 100 Do. 56per ct.pref ... ... - St. 100 North British 20 all North Staffordshire ... ... St. 100 Oxford, Worcester, & Si Wolverh. £l5, 6 p.c. 99 101 S 15 15 Do p iPm 5 84 all Scot. Cent., New Pre ... .. ;t i - ad 8 all ss S :O l . B l Nyiu i tp • jEc e itonooili w .aligiois.s.it s pl . svesee & n utkii. v. B4oi Devon 11 147 , . B N p .. G e 1964 16i 10 d 10 all Shrewshy. & Chester I c :(1 1 ,2 1 2.0 0 506 aa l alll o lll Do . 5 per cent le 14 r, 10 14 Do. fixed, 46 per cent id 4 p e (Reading G 12 l d 25 all Stockton nn)o f. £ a n i. dO Os. 6d. e St. 100 Do. 4Apet cent 224 234 1 • . um. 17 —l9 td • per cent. as 25 5 Do. do. do. ... ... at 126 all Stockton and Hartle- t. _ ... ... ,d 1 o 3 Waterfl.&Kilk.6p.c. 11 i a St. 100 York, Neweitstle.a n d ed 17 SDo i 4 k ed 25 10 York&N.Mictlanclll, 34 4 and S, Purch. 10 1 1 20 1 QUA. VrITIES OF GRkl Wheat, 77,098; Barley, 8 ~783; 6,239; Yeas 2 IN SOLD LAST WEEK. Oats, 28 139; Bye, 350; Beans, 2,120 quarters. HAY MARKETS. SMITEIFTELD. - -Meadow hay, 31 Os to 5/ 5s ; clover litto, 3/ 15s to 61 6s ; and straw, 11 188 to 214 s per load. A full average supply, and a sluggish demand. CumnEaLANn.—Meadow hay, 31 Os to 5/ 5s ; clover iitto, 4/ Os to 6/ Os ; and straw, 11 18s to 21 5s per load. Supply good, and trade dull. WIIITECHAPEL.—Meadow hay, 3/ Os to 5/ Os; clover ditto, 41 Os to 6/ 6s ; and straw, 1/ 16s to 2/ 3s per load. Trade steady. MEAT MARKF,TS. NEWGATE AND LEADENIIALL.—The G eneral demand was steady at this market to-day, at the following prices : Beef, from 3s Od to 4s 4d ; Mutton, 3s 4d to 4s 8d ; Veal, 3s 10d to 5s Od ; Pork, 3s 4d to 5s Od per 8113 S, by the carcase. SOUTHALL, FEB. B.—The demand for beasts ruled steady, at 2d per 81bs. more money. In other kinds of stock very little business was transacted at to-day's market. Beef, from 3s 4d to 4s 8d ; Mutton, 3s Gd to 5 2 , 1 ; Veal, 4s Oct to 5s Od; Pork, 3s 4d to 4s 8d per 81bs, to sink the offals. ROMFORD, FEB.B.—To-day's market was but moderately supplied ; on the whole the trade ruled steady, at the follow ing prices : —Beef, from 3s 4,1 to 4s 8d ; Mutton, 38 6d to 5s 2d ; Veal, 3s 8d to 4s 8d ; Pork, 3s 6d to 4s 8d per Blbs. Quarter old Store Pigs, 21s to 26s each. LLOYD'S SHIPPING.-(THIS DAY.) LONDON, Feb. 9.—Wind this day at Noon, W. to N.W. ; fresh breeze, and cloudy, with drizzling rain. RAMSGATE, Feb. B.—Wind, W.N.W. to N. W., strong gale. Arrived —English Rose, from Leith, for the Brazils, with hawse pipe broken ; Hendy, Hartlepool, for Jersey, to stop a leak. MARGATE, Feb. B.—The Sarah Richardson, from Cardiff to London, slipped from her cable this morning, struck on the Girdler, and is now ridinc , under the North Foreland, with loss of two anchors ;ind chains. OFF DOVER, Feb. B.—Greyhound, from Santa Cruz. PLYMOUTH, Feb. B.—Wind, W.N.W, for Pernambuco. FALMOUTH, Feb B.—Wind, N.N.W., strong breezes, and squally. Sailed—Maaia Emelia, for Monte Video. Off Port - Sea Adventure, Buenos Ayres, with loss of fore mast, bowsprit, bulwarks, maintopmast, &c. FAY it., Jan. 26.—The Coquimbo, New York to London. which put in here on the 7th inst. leaky, has landed part of her flour and lard, some of which is damaged ; a very large portion of the wheat is completely spoiled ; she still leaks 18 inches of water per hour. BOSTON, Jan. 23. - The Jarius Hart (British schooner), London to Port au Prince, went on shore on Race Point, on the 17th inst., during thick weather, hut got off with little injury, and has laude I her cargo in good order. (Br ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) LIVERPOOL, Wednesday, 10.30 A.M. Win& W.N.W. ; moderato, and showery. Arrived. Mischief, from Gibraltar ; Bridesmaid, Messina ; John Barbour, from St. John's, N.B. in 18 days ; General Dunlop, Philadelphia. BEAUMARIS, Feb. 8. Wind, N.W. fresh. Put in—Gulnare, for Africa; Penninghame, Rio Ja noiro—both for Liverpooi. HOLYHEAD, Feb. 8. Wind, W N.W. , a gale. The ship Bonn:► Ventura, from Savaunuh for Liverpool, is ashore at Cregile, Carnarvon-bay, with rudder unshipped and two feet of water in her hold. The screw steamer Dumbarton Youth has put into New Harbour dismasted. QUEENSTOWN, Feb. 7. Wind W. Arrived—Sir G. Pollock, from London, to embark tro, ps ; Eliza, Sanderlick ; Kingmahon Castle and Venus, Alexandria ; Lady Shelburne and Lockwoods, Callao ; Mary, Berdianski; Vila, Kertch ; Faneza, Odessa. ; Un dine, Galatz Palmyra, Patras ; Torrence, Ibrail. Sailed —Mercury, for London ; Pollock, Apalachicola ; Catherine Erwin, Newcastle ; John Mitchell, Leith. (BY SUBMARINE AND EUROPEAN TELEGRAPH.) GRAVESEND, Thursday, 9.50 a.m. Wind N.W. tide, thre e - quar t ers e bb fl ood ; thick. Arrived, 8th —Carolin e , from Callao. 9th—Triton, steamer, from Calais; Elbe, steamer, Hamburg. Sailed—Marchioness of Bute, for Cadiz ; Orient, Malta; p r i n ce Regent, Jamaica. DEAL, Thursday, 9.a.m. Wi n d N.W., grow', and squally. Anchored—Union, from Cadiz for London ; Lavina, Madras, for London. Arrived—Ballarart, from Melbourne, with 92,000 ounces of go: REFORM 111 R. D OWNI NG BRUCE'S PROPOSAL FOR R 7 OF THE ECCLES IASTICAL COURTS.—The plan I would suggest may be shortly stated. All the original wills throughout England should be deposited with the officer appointed by the Crown ; they should all be printed in the form of the present Chancery proceedings, an d an index of the whole should be formed. A copy should be sent to each county court. In future, all the wills should be printed at the expense of the executor, arid a copy sent free to the Stamp Office. This would save the country a considerable sum per annum. One copy should be sent to the county court of the district in which the person died. These wills and indexes should be placed under the care of a proper civil officer, and really for such a purpose none appears so proper as the principal registrar of marriages, &c., for that county. Each person named in the will should have a printed notice from the prin. ipal officer of the court. Tue county courts might decide all cases under 50 1 ., and in disputes of a larger amount the superior courts should I have jurisdiction. All proceedings should be exercised in the name of her Majesty, and all proceedings headed "Her Itiajosty's Court of Prob&to." .7'EsLEAsEn‘ T E T Hint st SB ARE (THIS DAY.) 20- 20i 5 51 ... .• 4 8 9 12 -16 ais .6 - 18 6i - siti! Business d one I St. this day . 50 Shr. Paid lianwars. c Leasing . I ei Tg a day Pr ! ces t i t,V i r y s . ..—. —_. _______ ............. ........--.. 50 all Bedford and London & Bletcbley.. . N. liV,st ... ... St. 100 Buckghamsh. L.&N.W. 99 101 50 allf ßa6 y p d : e i s a d cy al en e t J . c. G O kt al sße ed r o rwt n hn 1: 50 .9. ......" 1 5 41. 2 .. St. 100 E. Lincoln gr. 25 -all Glas. Barr. & Caldonitui, Neils. Direct .. ........ ... '' _ ' 25 all Do. New.,... o - . - --- - 25 All Glstr.&Dn.Fr ! .. ,t. Westn 30 32 LOO all Firth)]. pk . ' 4 , yk . N ew. 50 '" dull & Selby Y. &NMd 108 110 25 all Do. 3 Shares. Do 54 55 123 all Do. ; Shares. Do 27 -- 28 i 13/ all Lon. & Greenw S. Eastern 12/ —13 l 20 all Do.Preferen ec Do, 214 2F,§ , 20 100 Lowestoft gr. 4 per cent. Norfolk ... —.- 20 100 Do. 6 per ct. 5i all 4anch. Bxtu. L.&N.W. - and Matlock & Midld. 21 3 50 all Aiddlesbro' & Stcktou& Redcar Darlingt. .„ ... 100 all Aidld.Bradfd vlidla.nd.. cab 100 50 all Northern and Easterusp.e. E. Co'ant. 59 61 60 59 i 9 50 -. Do. 6 per ct. Dq ......... ... _ 60 all Do. Fixeds p€D o . ... ..,, _ 25 all Prost. & Wyrt L. &N.W. &Ln&Yk .. 45 12i 12 Do.. Shares. Do . . ... , . _ _ St. 100 Roystn.&Hit. GltNo;tl:n lig 142 138 St . 100 Do.Shepth.St Do ..... —. . 138 142 25 I.Bi Shef.Roth.and Lancash& • Gooleg.s p.c. Yorksh. ~ -- 12 03 S. StathY . rdsh. Nl.Melean 2t ii, 50 all WearValleygr Stockt. & 6 per cent Darlingt. 25 all Do Do . _ .... i.o i 313 St. 100 Wilts&Somrst iltWestr.l.l 96 98 ( From the Times. ) It may seem very preposterous, and not a little unbeseem ing the practical English character, if, just at the very out break of hoitilities, we should di scover that a Ministry of War would be a desirable agency t o carry a war on withal ; yet some conclusion of this sort is not unlikely to be drawn niTheeurte exists at present no Ministry of the kind—no depart: • • r : tate taking cognizance, directly and responsibY, Of 1;11 the momentous exigencies which war would create. Our constitution in this respect- consists of au--aggre gate of boards or offices, each charged with its own particular duties, and scarcely so far combined as to make an effective confederacy. There is indeed a War-office, but that is no such comprehensive insti tution as its name would seem to imply. Besides the War-office there are the Colonial and Home-offices, the Horse Guards, the Ordnance-office, the Admiralty, and the Treasury, each claiming their own undivided part and share in the administration of that business arising from a state of war. We can understand the difference between the Army and Navy, though the Marines, besides their other good offices, seem to unite the two services very kindly. We can also understand the difference between personal and ma terial divisions—between battalions and their barracks—be tween men and money. But what we cannot understand is, why every single department should be not only kept distinct from the others, but subdivided again within itself, while all are left without a general-in-chief. Questions like these are best comprehended by an example, and an example was given the other day. The British soldier as we informed the public last week, had been reduced to such straits by the rise in the price of necessaries, as contrasting with his stationary pay, that the case was considered at the Horse Guards to demand immediate attention. Now, if the Horse Guards had been a department of State charged with the administration of the army, this simple conclusion would have been sufficient, and the detection of the evil would at once have been followed by its remedy. But the Horse Guards repre sented no such establishment. They could only report to the War-office, and the War-office, being equally helpless, could only report to the Treasury. Between the three offices the task stuck fast, and the poor soldiers remained for three months without the relief which it had been already decided they ought to obtain. It was only yesterday, indeed, that • this most common sense question was resolved, and it was determined that the soldier, instead of paying Od. a-day for his rations, should only pay the average of the last few years, 4 id. The delay in settling this most simple matter of detail is one plain instance of the defects alluded to ; but there are others in abundance behind. Is is seldom indeed that the Military or Ordnance Estimates come on for discussion without some animadversions on the system which separates one corps of the army from another, and makes the concur rence of half-a-dozen offices necessary for the execution of a single decision. We do not forget that these arrangements, though repeatedly complained of, have received the sanction of high professional authorities. It has been said that the artillery service could never, under a system of military cen tralisation, be so well managed as at present; and when con solidation has been spoken of it has been elaborately argued that consolidation could never be advantageous except when the departments to be consolidated were homogeneous, and the dimensions of the aggregate such as to come fairly within the scope of a single presiding mind. These conditions, it was said, were not satisfied by the number and variety of the duties entering into the administration of the army, and the project was disparaged aacordingly. We do not presume these objections to have been altogether destitute of weight, nor have we any wish to depreciate the authority of the witnesses referred to. It is certain, how ever, that professional experience, if it gives knowledge and judgment, has also a tendency to create an attachment, some times bigoted, to existing usages, and to indispose the mind to any reforms, however desirable. Neither are we without countervailiovvidence on the other side. On the first night of the session Lord Grey took advantage of the question before the house to address himself directly to this very point. Now, Lord Grey, it is true, is not a soldier, and has had no experience of war as a profession, but he has had unusual experience of military administration. He has been Secretary at War and Secretary for the colonies, and he has had abundant opportunities of observing the methods by which the government of the army is carrie I on. And what did his lordship say on this subject, now so pressing and so important ? He said that, " from his own experience, while holding for many years both the office of Secretary at War and the office of Secretary of State for the War Department, he could inform their lordships that a re form in the constitution of those Departments was more ur gently demanded than was generally supposed ; " that " if that were a proper time for doing so, he could bring before their lordships many cases of mismanagement, extending ever the last 50 years, directly traceable to the vicious organisation of these departments, which would astonish their lord ships and the country;" and, finally, that, "if measures should not be taken to improve the dilatory and cumbrous arrangements existing in these departments for the transaction of business, he ventured to prophecy that before war had lasted many months some calamity would result." That Lord Grey had but too good reason for such an augury is clear enough, for, if an order judged to be desirable cannot be exe cuted at home, and in full peace, under three month s ' ti me , if the rations of soldiers in London quarters cannot be im proved until the need has nearly passed away for im proving them, what are we to expect in the tumult and pres sure of actual war? The objections to consolidation have been urged, we think, too strongly, and with too unlimited an application. If there is to be no such thing as unity of administration beyond the point determinable by the capacity of a single chief for direct superintendence, it is obvious that our existing system of government must be indefensible, and that there ought to be no chief of the Administration, or, in other words, no Prime Minister, for certainly the entire affairs of the State must be more extensive than the entire affairs of the Army. And what is to be said of the Russian Gevernment, where a single man controls—no doubt with much satisfaction to himself—not only the army and navy of the empire, but all departments of State with out exception ? The Czar is his own Premier, his own Com mander-in-Chief, his own Foreign Minister his own Home Secretary, and from all that is related of his doings, his own overseer and inspector. Do the Horse Guards and Ordnance offices snake up a larger whole than this ? Or, to put the question still more closely, is the British army, with its 100,000 men, more difficult to administer than other armies of four times its numbers, which are nevertheless sub ordinated to a single Minister of War ? Could there not, in short, be some presiding functionary to whom cases much more difficult than that of the soldier's rations might be di rectly reported, with the certainty of immediate satisfaction through some department or other ? The consideration of such questions may soon be forced upon us rather strongly. 8 hr. aid. St 00 20 8i i 0 I all At all 11 1 28 7i all 184 :5 30 1100 ;t. 100 .0 all all 0 12 .0 4 0 I 45 5 all ;Mall all 0 all 4. all ;t. 100 5 8i it. 100 it. 100 .0 5i it. 100 [0 1 it. 100 it. 100 it. 100 it. 100 it. 100 3t. 100 2,12 0 all ; L 1 11 L6t 2 100 1 194 176 14 11i i 0 all O all .1-4 all 84 'it 100 3t 100 !O 12 1.0 1 L 2 24 ;t. 100 150 42i 10 34 25 all 25 all St. 100 Ic 2 44 St. 100 St. 100 50 47 )0 all it. 100 6 N 5 17 ',O I all St. 100 50 3. St. 100 16 16 16 1U 8 all 8 8 50 ail 10 t 4 10 it 1s 20 17. 20 all 10 10 10 1 St. Roo 20 2/ 28 St. 100 St. 100 St. 100 St. 100 10 1 10 26 all 13A all 20 . all 20 6 0 all it. 100 i 0 all !O 15 !O 5 0 212 s ?,5 all BRITISH B,A.ILVrAYS. --- Closing Prices this day. RAILWAYS. A . b e rdeen.. :tnabg. N o ttng. Bost and Eastn. Belfast & BallPlen a * Bi n ning. Wolverh. & Stour Valley . ..... Birkenhd. Lancsh. & Cheshire Junct Do. Chesh. & Birk., £5O and £25 Cons. Do., £2O Blyth & Tyne original £25 (issd. at £45) 9rlstol and Exeter Ca1ed0nian............ Chester & Holyhead.' Cork and Bandon Cork, Black, & Pass Cornwall Crieff Junction Dublin&Belfa.stJunc Dundee Perth &Aber deen Junstion Do. New. ...... ...... E as t Anglian.... Do., (XlB E & H)..., Eastern "Counties._ iEastorn Union, A I Stock IDo., B. Stock Do., New A East Lancashire Edinburgh & Glasgow Edinb. and Peebles Edin. Prth. & Dundee Forth & Clyde June, Glasgow & S. Western Great Northern Stk. Do., A. Stock Do., B. Stock Gt. Sth. &West.(lre ) Great Western Irish South-Eastern Lancaster & Carlisle Do., Thirds Do. New Thirds Lancaell.andYorksh: Do. , Fifths. .... , D )• , Wst. Riding Un. Leeds Northern Liv. Crsby. Vouthpt London k Blackwall Lond. Tilb. & Sthend. Loud. Bright & S. est. Land. and N. Westu. Do. Fifths D o JO/ Sh .,M&B 0 Do. Eighths.. London andS. Westu. Do., £5O Do., £4O Lnndrrydt Coleraine Ludndrry. & Ennisk. Manch.Shef.& Linea Do., Man. & Lin. Un Midland Birmng. & Derby Midld. G. West. (Im) Do. Half Shares Newcastle & Carlisle. Newmarket Do., Bury Extension. Nwpt.Aberg. &Hrfd. Newry & Enniskillen Newry Warrenpoint and Rostrevor. Norfolk Northn.Counties Un. North British ..... North Devon, No. 1. Do., No. 2 ............ Do., A Deferred ... Do., ; B Guaranteed North London e. New £lO N. &S. Ws trn , H amp - stead, and City Ju (North Staffordshire , 'North Western & S. Westru. June Nuneaton, Hinckley,' and Leicester.. Oxford, Worcester,& Wolverhampton Portsmouth Scottish Central Scottish Midland Shrewsbury tit Bi r mg, Do. L. & N. Western Guaranteed St e k Shrewsby. & Herefd Shrewsby. & Coster (N. W. Min ;., Do. Halves,l Do. Oswestry Shropshire Union Do. A,B, C,& D,fully paid up at per cent South Devon South Eastern South Wales S. Y•rksh. & Riv. Dun 521 3 I I 20 5 12i 131 1 St: St. 65 l2 1 5o 68 Bri 110 pm 65i5iii 95i 103 i 3 20 20 20 20 96 53i 16 146; 52i -- 15 -- 13i -- = 46 71- 84 *ii 14 - 131 38 -„ 42 26 -' 28 64 - 66 61 - 63 20 - 21 87i 88i 67 69 129 - 131 99 - 101 816 - 82 93 96 13 —14 p 12/4 —= 136 p 65 65?, 7 6ict - -- - 3 - 11 954 par 103 • par par 81 101 -- 22 -- 23 62t - 63 36 - 38 55 I d 5i 2 6 - 8 47 - 50 31 3A , 32 ... 33 8 10 -2, 6i - 76 53 - 56 FOREIGN. 7 Antwerp&Rotterdam 3 Belgian Eastn. June. 8 Beziers to Graissesscw 2s. Bombay, Baroda, and Central India,Scrip . Central of Italy all Charleroi & Erquelin all Demerara 14 Dijon and Besancon 8 Dutch Rhenish all East Indian 2 Do, Extension all Gt. Indian Peninsula 10 Gcl. Junct. of France 7i - Grd. Trunk of Canada 39 Do. Debentures all Do. do 8 Gt. Central of France all Gt. Western of Canada Shares Do. Bonds (Ist is.)'s7 15.., Hamilton & Toronto all Do. 6 per cent. 5 Lake Const. & Basle all Lucca & Pistoja 5 p.c. pref 15 'Luxembourg 10 Do. (Railway) 2 Do. Pref 3 Do. (Canal) 5 Do. 6p. ct. pref 8 Lyons and Geneva 12 Lyons & Mediterran 10 Madras 33i Maria Antonia all Do. do. New 2 Melbourne Dk. &Ry all Namur & Liege (with interest) all Do. (ex iuterest) , all Northern of France Do. 201. 3 p. c Bds• all (fmy.B.drAms.Shs.) all NorwegianTruukPre 10 Paris and Lyons all Ditto Bonds ...... . all Paris and Orleans all Paris and Rouen all Paris and Strasbourg 4 ParisCaen &Cherbrg 104 Quebec & Richmon , all Rouen and Havre 9 Royal Danish , 2 Royal Swedish all Sambre and Meuse 6 Do. 5. p. cent. Pref ' 6 Southern of France 6 St. Andrew's and Quebec (A) all West Flanders all Do. 54 per c. Pref 10 Western of France. 5 West. of Switzerland 2 Wiesbaden 15 Zealand all [ Apia Fria all Anglo Austria. Gold' 11 knglo Californian 2 A.ustmlasian 6 Australian 3 -- 2d 1 4 par p ••• 3 - 2- 34p i - t pl ii i'd 1 d par d- par --- ••. dig 7* 5 7i 1 1 1 —l 4 1 id ••• - •• id - i•P 7i - 8 294 - 294 74 -- 8 12i -- 13 p 41 - 37 - 28 -- 29 LT pm 17 18 l.d par d g 8i ... - pm 31 44 . d 2 34 ii :- iidl a par id p d 2i I id id a►t Australian Cordillera all Australian Freehold all Ave Maria all Baden (Gd. Duchy of) all Blaenarvon Ir. & Coal all british Austrin. Gold' 13.5 British Iron iP 9 11 d 7 9xd 241 Brazilian Imp.(issued at £5 pm all Do. Cocaes & Cniada 15 Do. St. John Del Rey Carson's Creek 4 Clarendon Con. Min Co. of Jamaica all Cobre Copper 1 Colonial Gold 15 Co piapo a ll Copper Mitt. of Eng all Do. Pref. 7A p. cent all English and Austrin. Copper Smel tg. Co all General 5 6 L 30 di 43 45 Par— 4 P 124 —13 A 65 75 4 6p - 24 14 laid' all Great Nugget Vein. all Do. Registered all Great Polgooth all Liberty id Par 11 li i— i d 10 11 a ll I Linares • all ILond.&Californ.Gold Quartz Crush. Co, all Mariquita 9 Nlexican&S.Amerien, all New Granada d 6 Ad all New Linares Mining and Smelting C 0.... all Nouveau Monde all Pontgibmul Silver par— i P Lead Min, & Smelt. 1 Port Philip ........ all Quartz Rock ........ all ynaney Iron ... . Ith 15 Do. New ............ 10i Santiago de Cuba .. all F9uth Australian ... 7 Tin Croft._ ....... all United Mexican,..... all Waller ..... all West Granau all West Maripuca . ..... 12s. , Yorthing Mining of Au5tra1ia........... all Yuba 17 - 19 - d 4 - P 30xd 8 10 4 —" 5 d 44 54 3 34 _ d d IEII JOINT-3TOCIC BANKS. a l Australasia all Br iti s h Colonial 'lank 76 and Loan Company all .British N. Auerica,, 5 Ch a rtd. Bank of Asia 2 Chrtd. Bnk. of Ind.a, Australia, & Chin 25 Colonial 20 Commercial of Lond 10 English Scottish and Australian 15 Loud. Chart. Bk. of Australia 20 London and County 10 ',.ondon Joint Stock 20 Loud. & Westminster 33 National Provincial of England 10 Do. New 24 National of Ireland all New South Wales all Oriental Bank of Corporation .... . 5 Do. New ............... 25 Provincial of Ireland all Do. New ............... 1 "loyal Australn.Bkg. & Gold Imp C 0.... all south Australia all Union of Alatralia 2YDo. New ............... 10 Union of London - 78 ••• d —id ••• 2 1 lid 14 p • OS ...... ... ~ . . 42 44 45 - 47 66 _67 MISCELLA. Dua all Aubin Coal and Iron 17 Australian Agricult. 14 kustralen.Pcific. Mail 8 A.ustraln. Royal Mail Berlin Water Works Brit. American Laud 1 Brit. & Coln. Smeltg. and Reduction Co.. 41 --- 43,, io 1. - ;i 32,3, C a nada ................. 5 Crystal Palace ......•• 4 Do. New ...... ......... 2 Crystal Pal.of France 3 Eastern Steam .. .... .. 20 ElectritTelegrap h(A) all Do. (B) ................. 1 Electric Teleg. of Ir. 14 Gen. Steam Navigat. 18 General Screw Steam 7. Irish Beetroot Sugar 10 Magdalena St. Navig. all Nat. Pat. Steam Fuel 3 Netherlands Land.... 1 N. S. W. Coal & Inter. Steam Navigat. Co. all N. B. Australasian_ A Do. New ....... . ....... 10 Nrth. ofEuropeStea m all Peel Rr. Ld. beMinrl. all Peninsular& Oriental 30 Do. Do. all Portland Iron C 0..... 60 Royal Mail Steam ..• all Scot. Austral. Invest. 25 South Austral. Land all Submar. Telegraph .. 1 all Do. Registered ........ 2tii Van Diemen's Land 75 - gp 11 p I p 'l6 fi 16 - 18 3 I 2'd - id ---- I .. -- . d par ... - . .. -- . 1I - 36 - li 38 p ia I p ia p 13 - 14 THE COAL TRADE.—NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE, Feb. 7. —There are some, but not a great many collier vessels in the Tyne. Coal freights to London 'are 14e. per ton. Sailors' *ages hay, now risen to 81. a voyago to London. 324 1 20 I 16 20 20 z d 1 20 20 25 Id 100 100 20 20, 25 100 10 5 25 20 10 10 50 15 20 20 20 1 100 SYE NI N El 3 RITA RT 9, 54. A MINISTPY OF WAR. Rating. THE NAVAL SERVICE. IA little tract has just been issued by Messrs. Brad bury and Evans, e ,, titled "Advice to the Mariners of England a , ,d enterprising Youths inclined for the Sea Service, by a Seaman's Friend." It sets forth so clearly the advantages to be derived from service in the - Royal navy since the new r egu l a ti ons respec ti ng p a y, provi sions, and prize money, that in publishing a considerable extract from it we shall be doing real service to those who wish to choose an occupation whioh will secure a permanent provision for them : "A general impression prevails that, wages being much greater in the merchant service than in the Royal navy, seamen naturally prefer the former ; and it is also sup posed that remote advantages in the shape of pension, Ste., do not influence the mass of seamen, who look more to present gains. But, in truth, there is no great disparity of wages, for, with the exception of that inconsiderable portion of our mariners who are settled down and adhere to one employment in the coasting trade, the wages ac tually earned in the Royal navy are greater than in any other sea service. It has been proved by a careful inves tigation, when estimating the income to be derived from a monthly levy upon wages for the support of the Merchant Seamen's Fund, that the average employment of the mer chant seamen in foreign-going ships, being that branch in which the greatest portion are engaged, is nine months in the year; for the other three months, during which he is waiting for a settlement, or for a new engagement, or spending his money, he earns no wages, and is, moreover, thrown upon his own resources for food and lodging ; and, taking the average of wages a t th e present inordinate rate to be 60s. per month, the merchant seaman earns 271. in the year, supposing that he has incurred no fines during the voyage for misconduct, and made no sacrifice in cash ing his advanced note. The seaman in the Royal navy is subject to no such deductions; for even when sick or on leave of absence his pay, and also his time for pension, go on accruing during the whole term of his engagement. In the rating of able seaman he earns in the year 28/. 17s. 11d., while superior conduct will insure him good conduct pay, as hareafter shown, and improving capacity will assuredly advance him to higher ratings, when he will earn con siderably more. Having pointed out this delusion respect. ing the disparity of wages, which is the only reasor that can be assigned why the Queen's service (where the berth ing, victualling, comfort, and treatment of the crew are admitted to be infinitely better) is not generally preferred to the merchant service, I append a table showing the wages of working petty officers and seamen in the Royal navy, so that the seaman may contr ist them with those obtainable in trading ships, and also become acquainted with the advantages held forth by the new as compared with the old regulations : A TABLE OF THE RATE OF WAGES IN THE ROYAL NAVY PER MONTH AND PER YEAR, UNDER THE OLD ♦ND NEW REGULATIONS. EN GLISH MINES. The following reply has been given by the Treasury to an inquiry as to the claims of the Crown in certain cases upon gold and silver obtained from English mines : " Treasury Chambers, Feb. 7. " Sir, —Having laid before the Lords Commissioners of ber Majesty's Treasury your letter of the 21st ult., enclosing another communication from Mr. Murchison, dated the 20th ult., inquiring whether the Crown asserts any right or royalty in regard to either gold or silver, when found in combination with ore containing other minerals, beyond those contained and reserved in the lst of William and Mary, cap. 30, and the sth of William and Mary, cap. 6, I am commanded by their Lordships to acquaint you that the prerogative rights of the Crown extend to all mines of gold and silver, and that these are usually termed Royal mines, " The exercise of the Crown's prerogative is, however, restrained by the acts above-mentioned, as amended by the act 55th of George 111, cap. 134, by which several enact ments it was declared that all mines of copper, tin, iron, or lead, then or thereafter to be discovered, and being in the possession of a subject, should remain in such possession, notwithstanding that the said mines should be claimed to be Royal mines. But it was expressly provided that the Crown should be entitled to the pre-emption of the ore of all such mines (other than tin ore in the counties of Devon and Cornwall) ttpou paying to the proprietors of the mine or mines wherein such ore might be found, within 30 days after the ore should be raise , t and laid upon the bank, the undermentioned rates, viz.:—For all ore, washed and made clean and merchantable, wherein there is copper, 161. per ton ; ditto, tin, 21. ditto, iron, 2/. ; ditto, lead, 25/. " By these enactments the Crown's prerogative rights are only affected in cases where gold and silver are found in combination with copper, tin. lead, or iron, and the pre cious metals may be worked in these cases without a license from the Crown. But if gold and silver are found in a virgin state, secreted in rocks, or in combination with any other metals or minerals than those specified in the act re ferred t o, then the prerogative rights of the Crown remain in full force, and the precious metals can only be legally worked under a license to be granted under the authority of a warrant from this board, in conformity with the pro visions of the Land Revenue Acts. " A license of this description has been recently granted to Mr. Mansell to search for gold within the property of Lord Poltimore, in the parish of South Molton, county of Devon, and other applications of a Similar character are now the subject of negotiaticn with the departments of her Majesty's land revenue. " A question is at present under the consideration of that department as to whether it might not be beneficial both to the Crown and the adventurers that, in lieu of the right and pre-emption to which the Crown is entitled under the acts referred to, the Crown should receive a certain royalty or proportional part of the value of the gold and silver when found in combination with other metals • and my lords de sire me to refer you to the Hon . Charles Gore, the com missioner in charge of the land revenue, as to the terms on which a license to work the precious metals can be granted to them.—l am, &c., " G. Moffat, Esq., M.P., &c." JAMES WILSON. THE SUBMARINE AND EUROPEAN TELEGRAPH COM PANT.—The usual half-yearly general meeting of the proprietors in this undertaking.was held yesterday, at the London Tavern, for the purpose of receiving the report and upon other business ; Lord de Manley pre sided. The chairman read the report, which stated that the telegraph between Dover and Ostend has now been in uninterrupted communication since the 20th of June last, and since that period the agreement between this company and the Submarine Telegraph Company has taken effect. The Queen's Speech at the opening of Parliament was conveyed to Paris and Berlin before her Majesty left the Palace of Westminster, and experiments have been made which prove that no town in Europe where a line of telegraph exists is beyond the reach of immediate communication by the submarine wires from London. The number of messages t rans mitted during the month of January , 1852, after the opening f o the French line, was 1,068 ; in Januar y , 1853, 2,018 ; and in January, 1854, the number had increased to 3,120. This increase has been maintained in spite of active opposition and the comparative stagnation of all commercial affairs from the unsettled aspect of the poli tical horizon. The prese nt p osition of the company's finances enables the directors to recommend a e dividensix d at the rate of 8 per cent. p e r annum for th last months, on the capital of 75,000/. He concluded by moving that the report be printed and circulated a mongst the proprietors. The motion, having been seconded, was carried nent. con. A resolution for the adoption of a dividend at the rate of 8 per cent. per annum for the last six months was carried. Mr. Foster moved, and Captain Carnagie seconded, a resolution to the effect that 8001. be presented to the directors for their past services, and that 6001. be the annual remune- ration for them in future. To this an amendment w as moved, that the sum of 2001. from the reserve fund Ile voted to the directors for their past services. The amendment, having been put, was carried unanimousl A vote of thanks to the chairm an and dire ctors coll l • eluded the business. " Seamen gunners, who are men trained in the Excel lent, receive 2d. per day in the first class, and ld. per day in the second class, in addition to all other pay of their ratings. Mechanics and artificers have higher rates of pay than the first and second class petty officers, and have also from 2d. to 3d. per day additional for tools Petty officers of all classes wear distinctive badges on the left arm, and are entitled, on their ship paying off, to gratuities varying from U. 13s. 4d. to 71., depending on the rating and the time the ship has been in commission. Badges for good conduct not only distinguish the most efficient and best conducted, but give them substantial advantages in the shape of pay. Thus, with one badge or gold stripe on the arm, an able seaman would be entitled to 2s. 7d.; with two badges, to ss. 2d. ; and with three badges, to 7s. 9d. per month, or 41. lls. 3d. per year, which, in addition to the wages of a continuous service man, would be alto gether 33/. 9s. 2d. per year. It is the continuous service, or entry for 10 years, that henceforth offers such induce ments for entering the navy, for it enables the seaman to embrace that branch of his profession which hold out the most advantages without risk of disappointment. The re gulations for continuous service do not, however, preclude the entry of seamen for the usual period in particular ships ; but all who enter can be retained for five years, and in the latter case it will be seen by the annexed table that the wages are less. At the end of 10 years' service—rec koning from 18 instead of 20 years of age as heretofore— the continuous service man may, or discharge, receive a pension of 6d. a-day, or 91. 4s. per year ; after 15 years' service, a pension of Bd. a-day, or 121. 4s. per year ; and after 20 years' service, a pension of from 10d. to is. 2d. a day (average ls.) or 181. or 191. per year. Petty officers and leading seamen's pensions are proportionally greater ; so that the man-of-war's man may, at the ages of 28, 33, and 38 respectively, have earned a pension varying from 91. 2s. 6d. to 401. per year, according to his rating ; and if called on to serve in the fleet, in the event of `'an arma ment or war,' he will receive his pension in addition to his pay ; and he will enjoy this for life, being at the same time at liberty to earn what he can in the merchant service, or any other employment. The pension, after 20 years' ser vice, is certain; but the pensions for 10 and 15 years' ser vice are granted at the discretion of the Admintlty ; and as it is to be expected that, with the inducements now offered, the navy will never henceforth want volunteers, the oppor tunity will occur for maintaining a reserve of some thou sands of these short-service pension-men well skilled in naval duties, under obligation to serve when called upon, should the necessity arise, but at liberty to follow their inclination in all other respects. Let us now consider the naval victualling. It will be seen by the scale annexed, that it is most liberal ; and stringent measures have lately been adopted by the Board of Admiralty to insure that the articles supplied shall be of good quality : CONCLUDED BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY ON irEE 26TH JUNE (BTH JULY), 1833, AND COMMUNICATED TO THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT BY THE PRINCE OE LIEVEN ON THE 16TH OF JANUARY, 1834. Art. 1. There shall be for ever peace, amity, and al liance between his Majesty the Emperorof all the Russias and his Majesty the Emperor of t!le Ottomans, their em pires and their subjects, as well as land as by sea. This alliance having solely for its obje,:t tlt3 common defence of (heir dominions against all attack, their Maje , ties engage to come to an unreserved understanding with each other upon all the matters which concern their respective trail: quality and safety, and to afford to each other mutually for this purpose substantial aid, and the most efficacious assistance. 2. The treaty of peace concluded at Adrianople on the 2,1 of September, 15:9, as well as all the other treaties comprised therein, as also the convention signed at St. Petersburg on the 14th of April, 18.-;0, and the• arrange ments relating to Greece concluded at Constantinople on the 9th (21st) July, 1832, are fully confirmed by the pre sent treaty of defensive alliance, in the same manner as if the said transactions had 'been inserted in it, word for word. 3. In consequence of the principle of conservation and mutual defence, which is the basis of the present treaty of alliance, and by reason of a most sincere desire of securing the permanence, maintenance, and entire indt penden3e of the Sublime Porte, his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, in the event of circumstances occurring which should again determine the Sublime Porte to call for the naval and military assistance of Russia, although, if it please God, that case is by no means likely to happen, engages .to furnish, by land and by sea, as many troops and forces as the two high contracting parties may deem necessary. It is accordingly agreed, that in this case the land and sea forces, whose aal the Su:ilinie Porte may call for, shall be held at its disposal. 4. In conformity with what is above stated, in the event of one of the two Powers requesting the assistance of the other, the expense only of provisioning the land and the sea forces which may be furnished shall fall to the charge of the Power who shall have applied for the aid. 5. Although the two high contractin g parties sincerely intend to maintain this engagement to the most distant period of time, yet, as it is possible that in process of time circumstances may require that some changes should be made in this treaty, it has been agreed to fix its duration at eight years, from the day of the exchange of the Im perial ratifications. The two partios, previously to the expiration of that term, will concert together, according to the state of affairs at that time, as to the renewal of the said treaty. 6. The present treaty of defensive alliance @hall be rati fied by the two high contracting parties, and the ratifica tions thereof shall be exchanged at Constantinople, within the space of two months, or sooner if possible. SEPARATE AND SECRET ARTICLN TO THE PRECEDING TREATY OF ALLIANCE, ALSO COMMUNICATED TO THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT BY THE PRINCE OF LIEVIN, ON THE 16TH OF JANUARY, 1834. In virtue of one of the clauses of the first article of the patent treaty of offensive alliance concluded between the Imperial Court of Russia and the Sublime Porte, the two high contracting parties are bound to afford to each other, mutually, substantial aid, and the most efficacious assist ance for the safety of their respective dominions. Never theless, as his Majesty the Emperor of all the Russia', wishing to spare the Sublime Ottoman Porte the expense and inconvenience which might be occasioned to it by af fording substantial aid, will not ask for that aid if circum stances should place the Sublime Porte under the obliga tion of furnishing it, the Sublime Ottoman Porte, in the place of the aid which it is bound to furnish in case et need according to the principle of reciprocity of the patent treaty, shall confine its action in favour of the Imperial Court of Russia to closing the Strait of the Dards.nellee— that is to say, to not allowing any foreign vessel of war to enter therein under any pretext whatsoever. The present separate and secret article shall have the same force and value as if it was inserted word for word in the D t o r n e e at a y t o e f o a i l s li t a a n n c ti e .n o o f p t i h e i : s th d e a 2n y_ (the 20th of th e moon Safer, i t h t h J e u n i e 24 (B 9 t t h h y J e u a l r y ) 0 , f l t B33 he Hegira). (L. S.) Cte ALEXIS Ontoyr. (L. S.) A. BOUrICNEFF. Chief petty officers • • First-class working petty officers .... Sec,,al-class workimz petty officers..... Leading seamen .. • Able seamen • • , Ordinary seamen • . Secord-class ordinary seamen •• • . Boys ( Ist claf s) and naval apprentices Boys of the second 29i i / j ex d&b 'I 67 4 "xx Utixd 6i 6 17i i NEW REGULATIONS Contit:uous Under the Old cc,. or Entry 4- g•s; 8 Entries. ' for 10 ve ire. a i. .c ~.. o '' , s 54 '''O' a z i • 5 t A t l'l Z gle ;, ' S i. i'.. F - B. '' C. 4 Li lii X s. d. £ a. d £ a. d. £ a. d.l£ s. d. 3 2 036 10 0 3 9 941 1 3 4 11 3 2 14 031 18 9 3 2 036 10 0 1 4 11 3 2 9 12R 17 11 2 16 10 33 9 2 1 4 11 3 2 6 027 7 0 2 14 :- .31 18 9 4 11 1 2 1 424 6 8 2 9 125 17 11 4 11 3 1 1 13 7 19 15 5 1 13 922 16 3 3 0 10 1 8 516 14 7 111 018 5 0 110 5 0 18 110 12 11 0 18 110 12 11 No dill. 0 15 6 9 2 6 0 15 6 9 2 6 No duff. "PRESENT SCALE OF VICTUALLING "There 811.41 be allowed to every person serving in her Majesty's navy the following daily quantities of provisions —viz., biscuit, lib., or soft bread, 14d. ; spirits, gill ; fresh meat, 11b. ; vegetables, 41b. ; sugar, liozs. ; choco late, loz. ; tea, ioz. N.B.—Naval cadets, and second class boys are not allowed spirits. " When fresh meat and vegetables cannot be issued there shall be allowed in lieu thereof—Salt pork, 11b. ; peas, pint —every alternate day ; salt beef, 11b. ; flour, 9 oz. ; suet, ioz. ; currants or raisins, 1i oz.—every alternate day. " And weekly, whether fresh or salt meat be issued— _ . oatmeal 4 pint ; - mustard, 6oz. ; pepper, 4oz. ; vinegar, pint per man. " The man-of-war's man's provisions are well cooked, and his meals regular. If he cannot consume his provisions, he is paid for them ; if the salt meat boils away, he has an extra allowance. He obtains clothing of the best description at the same price that it costs the admiralty ; his berthing place is dry, clean, and comfortable ; his work light, as compared with that of any other seaman. He has the aid of an instructor, access to a library of nautical and other books calculated to interest him ; and ample time and opportunity to improve his mind, and so qualify himself for promotion to warrant-officer, or even to the highest rank. His share of prise -money has been increased; and the distribution is now so graduated, that men in the higher ratings receive proportionably more than the un skilled—a great improvement upon the regulation that formerly existed. Compensation is allowed for loss of clothes or effects by shipwreck or otherwise. If maimed or hurt, the man-of-war'b man has a gratuity or a pension —according to circumstances—the best advice and a:tend ance in sickness, and provision in Greenwich Hospital if crippled or worn oat. The children of a man-of-war's man are educated is the schools of Greenwich Hospital, and receive, free of expense to him, a training which fits them for any employment. He has six weeks' leave of absence whenever his ship is paid off, wages and term for pension being contiaued, and leave to go on shore from his ship for shorter periods, at other times, whenever the nature of the service will permit. He is eligible for ap pointment to the coastguard, if one of those recommended by his captain for this service when his ship is paid off, or to become a rigger, or seaman-rigger in the dockyards. He may allot a portion of his wages for the support of his family, with the full assurance of its being punctually paid, which is not always the case with his brother seaman in the merchant service, wbo cannot have the same secu rity for the punctsal payment of his allotments, particu larly where adviees may not have been received from his ship. The man-of-war's•man may also remit a portion of his pay. Notwithstanding the allotment, the man-of war's man may receive 4s. monthly the first six months, and 10s. monthly after 12 months, out of his pay, and 2,:5. monthly if he doss not allot, while the merchant seaman has no claim for any portiun of his wages until the termi nation of the voyage. " Now, there is no craft or trade in which the artisan or labouring man can engage in this or any other country that possesses such advantages as I have . enumeratet v where a than may, when in the prime of life, years' service, become possessed of an income s s a af r tle l c r y ie a w nt f he to n provide a home and ample maintenance. for and where f where he can, he is absent and following his calling. by good conduct, nearly double the amoaunn't of his pay and ension.'• THE ARMY. , ANOTHER SHOCKING SHUIVRECK ON BARRA ISLAND. Great activity p revails in recruiting for the army, to 1 —ALL HAND S L OST , BicSri , ONE.—The iron b oun d augumen t the regiments t o 1,000 rank and file. A large coast of the island of Barra, off the western coast of number of recruiting parties have been recently sent to Scotland, has again been the scene of another heart the manufacturing towns, also to Ireland and Scotland, rending shipwreck in the total loss of the Liverpool to raise re cruits, besides beating up at head -quarters. ship, the "W. H. Davis," Captain Carling, master, Many fine you n g lads have offered themselve s , and there while ou her voyage to New ()limns, with every soul i s no doubt but the required number will soon be on board (except one man), numbering in all no fewer acquired. than 30 sufferers. The ship had become unmanageable Lieutenant -Colonel Morris, R.A., has been ordered in the course of the recent fearful westerly gales, and in from Woolwich to Portsmouth, to do second field- attempting, on the night of the 27th of last month, to officer's duty in the latter garrison, weather Barra Head, she went ashore on the rocks of CORK, FEB. 7. — Cork Barracks and Elizabeth Fort Vatersav, within a short distance of the spot where the are crowded with troops destined for foreign service, Anne Jane, emigrant ship, was lost, with 300 lives, & consisting of three companies o f th e 9th, the service few months since. The moment the ,il-fated ship touched companies of the 38th and 89th Regiments, and 'mine- the rocks the master and crew took to the rigging as rous drafts from several depots ; in fact, the entire forces their only chance of escape, expecting, 1,0 doubt, as the in garrison are awaiting transports. The Surge, tran- wreck heeled over they would he able to gain the rocks. sport, with Government stores, for Hong Kong, has ' Alas, however, in a few minutes afterwards the ship was arrived in Queenstown. She will take on board a large dashed to pieces, and the whole of the poor fellows fell draft of the 59th Regiment, lying in Cork Barracks, amidst the crumbling wreck, and perished. Only one consisting of 120 rank and file, under the command of escaped to disclose their fate, the steward, a young man, Captain Charles Kendal Bushe, with Ensigns Richard named Robert William Rushmore, of 48, Devonport- Spofforth, and Isaac Bomford Bomford, to join the /ter- street, Toxteth-park, Liverpool. He, it appears, took vice companies in that colony. The Canterbury trans- refuge on the bowsprit, and as the vessel went to pieces port, from London, has also arrived, and will take out be sprang forward, and succeeded in reaching the rocks three companies of the 9th Regiment, stationed in bar- in safety, although very much bruised. insensible suffered in racks, und er comman d o f M a jor F. D. Lister.-- C or k t ense l y d ur i ng th e n ight, and was almost when Several bodi es o f Constitution,. assistance arrived the next morn in g . The transport-ship Sir George Pollock, of and from the crew were discovered among the rocks by the fisheri London, to embark troops, has also arrived in Queens. men, who conveyed them to Vatersay for interment". town. The inhabitants apprehend 1.,7 ri til t e h at circumstance anotherw r has,e,efkthe bodieshap I BELFAST, FEB. 7,—The first division o f th e 2d h a t- pene d o ff th e island, talion of the 12th Regiment IA present stationed here), of a gentleman and a lady, apparently about three wee k s t w h m em ll , ed b but no. in under the command of Captain Hutchi ns , procee d e d or a f or t n i g ht in trohepewrtay was found on ter, havin - f been lead to . PTO identity, or the ship they a m mo yesterday morning en route , to Cork, wh ence th e y w ill the bay. some embark for Van Diemen ' s Land. W e b e li eve th e 77th thing to a 1 will noosed the 12th in this garrison,—Nortkent Wkif. from. 14 EVSPAI <•,. PORT UCH OOMMERCIAL AL. • • It was mentioned on Monday that a report hgesi l made by the Conitnercial Association of Oporto, at the instance of the Portuguese Government, recommending the speedy adoption of a complete system of commercial freedom. This dodument has since been received, and fully justifies the account given of it. After some intro ductory remarks on the principles of free trade, which, although stale truisms to English ears, are absolutely startling when expressed wii bout qualification by a body of native gentlemen in communication with the ministers of Portugal, it proceeds to denounce the prohibitory sys tem and the neglect of public works as the two causes which have reduced Portugal, with the finest capacities of any country in the world, to the condition of one of the most degraded. Methods for' an immediate tom. mencement of a reform in the fiscal arrangements of the kingdom are then suggested, and, finally, the various resources are alluded to, which are waiting only for the most ordinary facilities to yield wealth on all sides. As illustrations of the existing modes of trar - -ft, facts are mentioned such as exceed even the analogous accounts of Central America. Potatoes; raised in tip? neighbour- ing province of Tras os Montes are worth, at Oporto, ten times their prime cost, and would, nevertheless, from the expenses of carriage, prov, a losing speculation. The greater part of the internal traffic is performed by mules, and yet even for this method the roads are so bad that the animals carry only about one fifth of their proper load, and travel four leagues a day instead of ten. "We are compelled to confess, it is added, " that it is more difficult to travel through Portugal than in any other country of Europe, or perhaps in the world. Articles conveyed from Oporto to Braganza (ahout 90 miles) cost more carriage than they would pay freight from Oporto to Brazil and back again in our ma ships." With this barbarous state of affairs the revenue laws are in corn pieta harmony, and the lowest officer of the tobacco monopoly, or o f th e C us t om -h ouse , w hose pay is about a shilling a-day, has the power to stop a cart or a loaded animal on the road, and to cause the cargo to be unloaded and each package opened and examined. The committee therefor e contend for the summary abolition of a ll th e octroi-barrier s i n t h e interior, as well as local tolls and monopolies of every kind, and all permits and rallPertg- At the same time a reform of the Customs tariff is urged upon a scale that shall be free from the danger of sudden ruin to the protected interests, and of a suffici ently progressive character to insure a speedy approach to general freedom. There are many commodities, how ever, which are not fabricated in the country—such as transparent cotton goods, certain qualities of handker chiefs (one of the staple articles from Glasgow), fustians, bombazines, &c.—that might, it is pointed out, be at onco admitted at a merely nominal rate. The adoption of low duties generally would also create a large transit trade with Spain, and the cheapness of the free goods would induce purchasers from that country to complete their assortments with others paying a fair tax, and thus add considerably to the revenue. Meanwhile, the ad vantage of these alterations, in increasing the dispo sition to a reduction of the wine duties in England, is not lost sight of, although the committee rightly observe, that instead of waiting for that enlightened measure, it is the business of Portugal to go into the right path irrespective of it. "If Great Britain," they remark, " would admit our wines for consumption at 10/. per pipe, or even at double that duty, all ,Portugal might be converted into vineyards." Apart from this view, however, it is acknowledged that the country has yet to avail itself of the liberality of Eng land in admitting, almost free of duties, corn, animals, oils, fish, fruits, vegetables, &c., which the geographical position' of Portugal would enable her to supply in abundance if the 200 per cent. profit, at which some of them could be produced, were not snore than absorbed by the dearness of interior transport. , Finally, with regard to the material uniertakings that should attend the new system, the most important are an improvement of the bar of the Douro, as well as of the harbour and river, the construction of docks, the formation of interior roads, the canalisation of rivers, the introduction Sf new agricultural imple ments, &c. The reception that may be given by the Governinent to this report remains to be ascertained. It has only just been issued, and there is reason to fear that the intelligence of tile people of Lisbon and of the country generally is tar behind that which prevails at Oporto. Still, it is evident. that the time is ripening for a general change, and that any men of vigour might now commence the accomplishment. of all that has been indi cated. Notwithstanding the treatment experienced by the English bondholders, English views are accepted in Portugal with more readiness than in other continental countries, and the present document is almost identical in spirit with the work of Mr. J. J. Forrester, published as a prize essay on Portugal last year. Whether any broad and honest course of amelioration is to be looked for from a Cabinet which has chosen periodical confisca tion as one of its regular means of getting over difficulties, and which therefore cannot command the confidence of capitalists, is a question, however, that cannot be very hopefully entertained. TREATY OF UNKIAR SKELESSI. • _ 24 60 (1 16 14 61 • 321 3 16 62 32i 1 81 2 22i 62i 3 61. i i 10 20 20 20 ER I i ,