The Sun. — London, England, 1863-01-17 00:00:00

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Moraing, 11h. 49m.—Afternoon, h. m. To-HORROR►'. -Morning, 12h. 25m.—Aftemoon,112h. 56m. aj g 4„„iii-,-,,,...4.-,-;5t444.4, R OYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT GARDEN. Under the Management of Miss Louisa P y ne and Mr. W. H a rrison. Sole Lessees. TIIIB EVENING, Belles popular Opera, THE PURI TAR'S DAUGHTER: Madlle. Parepa and Miss Susan Fyne; Messrs. Sardley, W. H. Weiss, Patey, A. St. Albyn, J. Rouse, C. Lyall, E. Dussek, and W. Harrison. Conductor —Mr. A. Mellon. After which, the Grand Comic Christmas Pantomime, en titled HARLEQUIN BEAUTY AND THE BEAST. D o ors open at half-past 6—Commence at 7. T 11E A TRE-R OY AL. DRURY-LANE.- Lessee and Manager, Mr. Edmund Falconer. THIS EVENING, the Comic Drama of THE NEXT OF KIN. After which, the Grand Pantomime of LITTLE GO DDT TWO SHOES. Commence at 7. THEATRE -ROYAL HAY MARKET. Lessee, Mr. J B. Buckstone. THIS EVENING, at Seven o'clock, will be performed OUR AMERICAN COUSIN. Asa Trenohard, Mr. Buck stone ; Lord Dundreary, Mr. Sothern. After which, a new and original Extravaganza, entitled RASSELAS, PRINCE OF ABYSSINIA ; or, The Happy Valley. Rasselas, Miss Louise Keeley. Concluding with MRS. WHITE. THEATRE -ROYAL LYCEUM OPEN, under the Sole Management of Mr. PECHTER. THIS EVENING, Jan. 17, to commence with an Original Sketch, entitled A SUDDEN ATTACK. Messrs. Shore, Garden, H. Widdicomb, MISS Henrade, and Mrs. Lee. After which, at a Quarter to Eight, a New Romantic Drama, in Three Acts, and Pr3logue, entitled THE DUKE'S 5 , 10TT0, by Paul Peva' and John Brougham. The principal character will be sustained by Mr. Pechter, supported by Messrs. G. Vining, J. Brougham, H. Widdi combe, W. Wlntyre, F. Charles, Garden, Raymond, IT. Butler, Dawson ; Misses Carlotta Leclercq, Kate Terry, E. Lavenue, and Elsworthy. Mr. Phelps and Mr. W. Montgomery are engaged, and will shortly appear. Doors open at half-past Six, performance to commence at Seven. Private Boxes, .£2 12s. 6d., and X 2 48. - • tiP Per registered. Stalls, 6s. 6d. ; Dress Circle, 59- Drama 6ddrol 58.; Circle, 45. 6d. Prices at doors—Stalls, ea. ; D ra 1 4 Box- Upper Circle, 45.; Pit, 2s. ,• Gallery, is. No halt -p are entreated to office open daily from 11 till 5. Th take notice that no charge is made t a h n e t a s a o t t e lt k o e x e e p s . , box places, or stalls, either for p layb ill s ing of hats and cloaksetoPt o r for any gratuities whatever and tha t the attendants In all parts of the house are forbidden to receive Stage-Manager, Mr. G. Vining. Acting-Manager, Mr. H. Barnett. PRINCESS'S THEATRE. R OYAL Lessee and Manager, Mr. Lindus. 'm/s EVENING, THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE. Mr. H. Marston, Mr. Wallace ; Miss Constance Aylmer, Miss M. Oliver. and Mrs. B. White. After which, the New Grand CHRISTMAS PANTOMIME, RIQLTET WITH THE TUFT ; or, Harlequin and Mother Shipton." Mr. G. Belmore, Mr. C. Se ton, Misses Gray and "Hudspeth, Mr. Milano, Mr. R. Power, Miss A. Collinson, and Mr. Salford. STEW THEATRE-RO YAL, ADELPHI.— ...LI Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, THE LII TLE TREASURE. Mr Billington, Mr. R. Phillips, and Miss Marie Wilton. After which, A TICKET OF LEAVE : Messrs. J. L.Toole, P. Bedford, and Mrs. Billington. To conclude with " GEORGE DE BARNWELL : or, Harlequin Folly in the Realms of Fancy." Miss Woolgar, Miss K. Kelly, Miss Seaman ; Messrs. J. L. Toole, P. Bed.. ford, Stephenson, C. J. Smith. Harlequin, Mr. John Lauri; Columbine, Miss Caroline Adams ; Crown, Mr. W. Hildyard ; :'antaloon, Mr. J. Paulo. The celebrated Arthur and 11ertrand. Commence at 7. The WEATHER. —Sun Office, Jan. 16, 1863. THERMOMETER. ilighost since Noon yesterday L o west during the night This day at N00n..... Barometer-30.24. Wind—N.E. ; fresh, with fine but dull weather. scene. We would not drop a wo rd to lessen at all the flow of liberality be ewards the relief of Northern Distress. We may quite sure that as soon as public contribution cacnombemistatefeel,yovdeirmwinhisihchedLaonrdd fi na ll y withdrawn, a DERDY presides, will give us the intimation. The Territorial Lords, as well as the Cotton Lords of Lancashire, are too proud to receive aid for their county from charity, the moment that charity ceases to be a national duty. Yet we may be allowed to advert to an interesting clerical letter in the Times of yesterday, on "Agricultural Dis tress." The writer does not by the phrase mean what used to be meant by it, when tenants, paying per haps heavy rents, were petitioning the Legislature against cheap food from abroad. He compares only the wages of the agricultural labourer with the pittance furnished by charity and the rates united, to the "starving operatives" of Lanca shire. Neither does he deny that they are starv ing. The point to which he calls attention is, that the "two shillings a week," which Mr. COBDEN almost scouted in the House of Commons, as a sum which persons might be ashamed to mention as a week's support for each individual of a family, is what our rustics would think a handsome income. If, he says, "you offered our agricultural families two shillings a head a week, they would think the riches of CRCEStrri had fallen on them." We know ourselves from careful inquiries in country districts that the details furnished by the writer are but too faithfully representative of agri cultural earnings over a large part of the kingdom. In some well cultivated districts, such as some parts of Norfolk, they may be is., or in a few highly favoured spots 25., a week better, but this is their widest range. Even in parishes where at one time emigration to America, as the farmers complain, "made the men masters," it did not seem to suggest to the latter more than 12s. a week as the regular wages, with of course an advance in hay-making time and harvest, and also a little better for turnip hoeing ; the latter is, however, now on the good farms chiefly done by horse implements, with women to finish. As to 2s. per head regularly, they never thought of it. Our writer finds the wages around him to be Bs. and 10s. a week, and cider—an addition which may be very pleasant, but which others besides our teetotal friends will not think contributes much to the muscular strength of the working man. It seems to be the carter and the shepherd only who are in receipt of the munificent 10s. weekly, for which, however, they have to give long hours, what Lancashire would think equivalent to a day and a half. To be fair, we should include in most cases low rents—a shilling or eighteenpence per week—for their cot tages, such as they are, and when they are owned by large proprietors, who can afford to treat them very much as necessary farm buildings. They have, of coarse, some little aid through the earnings of the women and juveniles of the family. No ten hours' act exists in agricultural districts. Farmers are at liberty to work women, children, and men as long hours as they please. A poor mother with a large family is glad to let one of the little boys spend the whole day, during all weathers, in the fields, keeping the rooks off the newly sown corn in the bleak days of our spring—and that for a penny a day ! Even the lad of eighteen, who helps the carter, dares not aspire to more than five shillings a week for fifteen hours a day of almost incessant work. Some of our contemporaries made a little merry over the prize of thirty shillings pre sented the other day by Lord PALMERSTON to a young couple who had made some provision prior to marriage ; but it would seem that the self-denial and skill which could do it must have been some thing extraordinary. This thirteen shillings a week earned by father and son, have to feed, clothe, and house a family of father, mother, elder son, and six younger children ! Another couple, mentioned by the writer, have eight children under twelve years of age ; the father earns ten shillings a week, a child two shillings; their house and coals cost them two shillings a week, and the ten shillings are left to feed the nine persons for a week. And these are the wages of skilful vigorous labourers; " the unhandy and weakly have lower, according to their deserts." When the woman can go out to work, she may earn eightpence a day, which seems proportionably I r high ; but of course there are many hindrances, in England, to women doing much field-work_ They are thankful if they can obtain remunerative em ployment at home, which, in the country, is compa ratively rare. The poor rural cottager feels that his wife's place is in her home and family. We all feel that he is right. We must all wonder how these poor people con trive to live. It is the first question suggested when we know such statements to be facts. Fresh I country air has a wonderful charm for us besmoked Londoners ; but, alas! the freshest air, though air be such an essential to life, pricewi b lln e o i t n gsustain eightpence it. As to meat, the l owes t per lb., our rural labourer's wages must leave him almost ignorant of its taste. Bread, and such garden-stuff as he can grow or buy, must be his reliance, and how his less than t wopence a head per day can provide a sufficiency of bread alone is perfectly mysterious. Some CoLmiso of the future will assuredly easily prove that the existing tables of wages and prices, which we know to be but too true, are perfectly "unhistorical." P u tting, however, together, as the writer w e h av e referred to does , the victims of h shillingste Northern a week endeavour to give th e b w l e ock d a o d e n , o a t n d thinkthe wages l of ig lV t e e s s tof England we case ng is lan m d a r d u e st o i u cs t , for slackening our charity; indeed this writer would not wish it. H e hi mse lf says, "How they sub sist in health, and how they make both ends meet, I cannot tell." He will not, therefore, complain that we should give the cotton operatives wh ) would work, but cannot, only so much as leaves him incapable of comprehending the mode of subsis tence. He is, of course, right in rebuking those who appeal to congregations of such rural poor to contribute to the relief of "starving operatives," while it never occurs to these field hands that "starving," in this case, means living, when out of work, on the same pay as they receive for their regular maintenance in work. Had he not spoke', of what he knows we could hardly have supposed that any one could have asked an alms of these who rather need to receive one. But we mast also remember that all distress is comparative. Privation is, of course, felt most by those THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVONING, JANUARY 17, 1863. LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 17, 1863. Yesterday judgment was pronounced in the case of KENNEDY v. BRoUN. On the whole, the pre vailing sentiment with which one regards the de cision must be one of satisfaction, but yet there are conflicting circumstances which in a measure alloy that feeling. We cannot rejoice as if the defendant bad been rescued from oppression, or freed from some entanglement into which she had been drawn ' from no fault of her own. It appears from all that has transpired on the subject that both belligerent parties were quite capable of taking care of them selves. No man or woman who were actuated by refined notions of honour would have been parties to such an agreement as that which has come out in the arguments adduced before the Court. While in this instance it is matter for rejoicing that Mr. KENNEDY has failed, the cause which induced the failure is not so to be reg irded. Putting aside the notions of those who are influenced by the na tural professional prejudice which deprecates a change and would resist all innomtions, it does not appear that a very definite case is made out as to the inconvenience and unsuitableness of a barrister suing for his fees. The prevailing custom does not certainly save any money to the client, but necessitates occasionally the outlay of great amounts at a most inconvenient time. Examples are not wanting to prove that this routine and cere mony, with all their annoyances and awk wardnesses, do not prevent unprincipled mem bers of the profession from taking unfair advantage of circumstances, and benefitting them selves so far as their dexterity can accomplish, if they once set the rules of honour and the dictates of conscience at defiance. On the other hand con ventional forms, and the restraints of etiquette, do not make honest men more upright, or straightfor ward ones more sincere. If the majority of counsel act fairly, it is because their own inclinations prompt them thereto, not because the customs of legal etiquette are strictly tenacious of upholding forms and ceremonies. Fora man to claim so enormous an amount as did M.r.KENNEDY proves that he must be actuated by motives -which entirely forfeit all claims on our sympathy. It was preposterous to demand so large a sum, not that the amonut was of auy consequence in a court of law, if he could have proved the contract on valid grounds. Still, in the opinion of the world, such conduct is not desirable, and it is a relief to think that, on any plea, it has been unsuccessful in founding a case for prece dent. As for Mrs..BROUN it is from no preposses sion in her favour that we can exult much in her opponent's downfall. She appears, if we sum up her aotiduct in brief, to have profited to the utmost by the efforts of her counsel, and then to have repu diated all notions of gratitude after he had really rendered her an important service. That she is clever there can be no doubt, but that very shrewdness and ability should have led her to appreciate one who had espoused her interests, and carried her through a complicated case, till she came out victorious. It was the greater eclat for Mr. KENNEDY to succeed, that Sir F. TFIESIGER, now Lord CHELMSFORD, gave up the case as hopeless. Mr. KENNEDY in a professional sense has gathered laurels in the contest, for he has won a cause that a late Lord Chancellor considered a desperate one. It may appear to some as if all this scandal could have been avoided haa there been snore moderation on one side and more consideration in the other. If Mr. KENNEDY had conducted the case in a strictly leaalf orm he would have been remunerated for his services according to the letter of the law, and had Mrs. BROUN pos sessed any gratitude she would voluntarily have offered some handsome testimonial out of the for tune recovered fur her to one who had taken up her cause with spirit when all was dark and hopeless. Well would it have been for both parties had such been the conclusion they had arrived at. The affair has passed from the consideration of the judges to take its trial in public opinion, and the verdict can not be given to the benefit of either side at the bar of that tribunal. When any subject comes under the cognisance of the general feeling and unbiassed opinion of society, no quibbles of law and no con ventional forms will avail to shield the offender against the undefined but well understood statutes of good taste, fine feeling, and a nice sense of honour. The decisions of such a referee d o snore to put down oppression and stay the proceeds to greed than any authorised and orthodox bench of judges in the land. These last are bound in the iron chain of precedent, and hampered with the overwhelming weight of practice as to who can be guilty, and who ought to be innocent in legal skirmishes, but the un fettered opinion of untrammelled witnesses will , generally decide as to the secret motives and the ruling passion. In this instance there can be but one opiniop, that both plaintiff and defendant went in for gain, and it is to be regretted that their com bined ability results in both being losers, if not altogether in money, at least as regards public sympathy and the respect that is the universal ap panage of merit whether its recipients be poor or rich in the temporal advantages of this shifting who never knew what it is. All their arrangements are made for a different scale of living. Their bodily habits, even, have become such, that they suffer more than those who have never known luxury. Old soldiers well know, and their generals too, the difference between troops innured to all kinds of hardships, and men fresh from even the comforts of barracks and ordinary working life. We apprehend the North, as compared with the South, is feeling this difference now, and very dis advantageously. Still our agricultural friends must not press this fact too far. Granting that the farm labourer has, in country air, and in the naturalness and pleasantness of rural occupations, compensation for a great deal of the difference be tween agricultural and manufacturing wages, yet the difference should not be carried surely to its present extent. It can hardly be that the regular wages of the farm labourer should not exceed what we think it indispensable to raise for the cotton operative, when deprived of his cotton. As to the economical question of supply and demand of la bour, we may not venture to touch it. We cannot answer it. If farmers bid against each other, it is hard to blame the landlord for accepting the best offer; and if, having been necessitated by competi tion to offer a high rent, the farmer in turn takes the benefit of competition for his labour, how again shall we censure him ? Economically, the labourer must, by emigration, or some means, lessen the supply of labour, if he would have higher wages ; we cannot deny this; yet we must all deny that the farm labourer ought to live on what we call starvation pay in Manchester. In another part of our impression will be found a letter from Mr. LAING with regard to the cotton supply of India. The opinions of such an authority on this important subject carry weight, and deserve the careful consideration of all interested in the wellbeing of this important branch of our commerce. Mr. LAING agrees with his old antagonist, Sir CHARLES WOOD, that the production of Indian cotton is in a great measure a question of price, and that if we drew our total supply of cotton from our Indian dependencies we might obtain from them a supply of 4,000,000 bales. But, as Mr. LAING justly observes, the practical point for consideration is not what India might do in a vague and im probable future, but what India is really likely to do in the years immediately before us. On this point he speaks with caution and moderation, ex plaining the existing drawbacks, removable and insurmountable, but giving a final verdict that is reassuring. He thinks it improbable, if not impos sible, that under any circumstances the average produce of cotton per acre in India will approach that of America. The present great inferiority he attributes chiefly to the disadvantages of soil and climate, as well as to the less formid able and temporary obstacles offered by bad legislation and defective means of transit. "The radical fact," says Mr. LAING, "is, that the average production of clean cotton per acre in America has been 3001 b., while in India it has scarcely exceeded 701 b. of an inferior quality." The difficulties offered by the climate to the growth of cotton are its extreme changes, the excessive rain of the wet season alter nating with the drought of the rest of the year. The obstacle to bo encountered in the soil lies rather in the cultivation. The difference in the two coun tries in this respect is briefly summed up by Mr. LAING :—" Cotton in America is grown on virgin soil by the application of capital and organised labour on a large scale ; while in India it is grown almost exclusively as a rotation crop, on old culti vated land, by small farmers and peasant pro prietors." The progressive improvement which we hope for India will doubtless mitigate these evils. Mr. LAING himself hopes much from the completion of roads and railways, the application of irrigation where advisable, and the countless advantages to be expected from the introduction of European capital and enterprise. Nevertheless the culture of tea and coffee offer far greater attractions to the European settler. In the first place,. they are more remu nerative, which is an unanswerable argument with our speculative capitalists. Secondly, the tempe rature which favours their growth is more congenial to European constitutions. Add to these the absence of negro labour and the difficulties in the way of cotton cultivation in India will be readily apparent. Yet in spite of these antagonistic agencies, it is satisfactory to find so competent an authority as Mr. LAING supporting the opinion that we have before expressed that the present supply of cotton from India may be very largely increased and improved; Indeed, he goes so far as to say that after a few years of severe fluctuation, the cotton supply of the world would be something like the following estimate, supposing the American war to be brought to an immediate conclusion. Total consumption, 5,000,000 bales. Supply— America, 2,500,000 to 3,000,000 bales, at 6d. to 7d. per lb.; India, 1,500,000 to 2,000,000 bales, at sd. to 6d. per lb.; the rest of the world, 500,000 to 1,000,000 bales. This calculation is made naturally enough without taking into account the immense results which would follow from the cultivation of cotton in some parts of Australia and Africa. The latter country offers great facilities for its cultiva tion, and certainly there will bo no room to complain of the previous occupation of the soil. The fact of its being sown by the ryots only as a rotation crop, is naturally the cause of great delay, since, as Mr. LAING observes, to produce an extra supply of 1,000,000 bales, at least 4,000,000 acres extra must be sown with cotton, implying that the cultivators of 12,000,000 acres of existing arable ground which have not hitherto sown it shall immediately begin to do so. It is evident to the most uninformed that however great the induce ment to the riot to select cotton as his most profit able rotation crop, the pi oduction of any large in crease in our cotton imports in this quarter, must, under these circumstances, be a work of time. When we also take into calcu lation the unfavourable effects of rumours of peace in America, and a consequent falling off in the de mand for Indian cotton upon the ryots, we shall not be surprised that Mr. LAING talks of " severe fluctuations" as probable for the next few years. Such, however, is the extent of our Indian posses sions, and so large the population, that the quantity of cotton to be derived from thence, although small in proportion to that lately derived from America, i b sd e j s m een fwrohmethetria e o u r p r m e s a e n n u t f a c c t r u i r s e i s r will still be of very great importance to us, It re ,s w i ll learn man s t w ° guard against ever again depending solely on one source, and that a foreign one, for the supply of an article on which the vitality of a nain b r anch of our manufactures and commerce entirely depends. A short-sighted and selfish unfortunately too often in favour at policy is u Ilancliester, else when political prophets foretold the coming storm, and even the least farsighted could see its portents darkening the horizon, some provision for the coming dearth might have been made. Ap res me i le deluge was too much the motto; but unhappily the deluge has come upon th ose unconcerne d i n the speculation, while the speculators, in many instances, have reaped a profit from a great mistake. Let such learn from the practical knowledge and expe rience of a keen-sighted observer life Mr. who sees no reason to alter the opinion he expressed at Manchester four months since. ilt then said that, in his opinion, America could not again supply our full demand for a lengthened period ; that during the next year India might furnish from 1,250,000 bales to 1,500,000 bales, but not more ; that after a sufficient time had elapsed, and the oscillations certain to follow the conclusion of the American struggle were over, India might supply from 2,000,000 to 3,000,000 bales. So long as the present uncertainty continues, and the ryots cannot depend on receiving a good price for their cotton, no such results can be hoped for. It re mains to be seen whether the crisis we have just passed through will teach us the wisdom that is too often only learned from experience; or whether, as soon as possible, we shall again sink back into the old supine indifference, only to be aroused from it by a second panic more startling and more serious. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. AMERICA. ARRIVAL OF THE GREAT EASTERN. LIVERPOOL, SATURDAY MORNING. The Great Eastern has arrived here, but brings no later news than the 4th. The iron-clad vessel Monitor had foundered at sea, with two officers and 38 men. The accounts from Murfreesboro are so confused that it is impossible to say which side had gained the advantage There was a report that General Bragg was killed. Severe fighting was going on at Vicksburg. Sterling exchange, 147 to 1471. Gold, 134 i. Cotto❑ firm, at 68c. for middling uplands. The Aspinwall steamer had arrived with 1,277,000 on freight. NEW YORK, lAN, 4 (Evening). The latest news from Murfreesboro' is to the afternoon of the 2d inst. The Federals were then apparently in possession of the city, General Rosencranz reorganised his forces the previous night, and drove the Confederates nearly t wo miles. Reinforcements were arriving. Federal accounts of the battle at Vicksburg state that it lasted five hours, when the Confederates were driven back and out of their fortifications in the rear of city. At night the two armies lay on their arms with two bayonets between them., On the following day Federal General Sherman re newed the battle, and carried a strong Confederate position by storm. The, iron-clad Monitor foun dered at sea on the night of the 31st ult., south of Cape Hatteras, with the loss of two officers and 38 men. Great dissatisfaction prevails among the Ken tucky Volunteers on account of the Emancipation Proclamation, sufficiently wide spread to produce serious demoralisation among the troops of that State. Many prominent officers have resigned. An invasion of Texas is threatened from Mexico a force of 500 to 1,000 men having been organised under Cortesia for that purpose. The Confederates say that they took 1,626 pri soners at Fredericksburg. RUSSIA• ST. PE rERSBURG, JAN. 16. Colonel Tidebohl, the Russian Commissioner on the question of the Turkish fortresses in Servia, has left for Belgrade. the appoaching day of conscription, which it is said has been fixed for the 17th instant. What kind of proscription it is to be and how it is to be effected the secret circular of the Director of the Ministry of the Interior, M. Keller, addressed to the Civil Governors, has already explained. The principle object of the recruiting, says the circular in ques tion, is " to get rid of the persons who are suspected of disturbing public order, and those charged with the preparation of the lists of recruits are enjoined ) to set aside all considerations regarding the family relations and other circumstances of those indivi duals, and only take into account their political opinion and character. Wherever young men, noted for using free language, or for their patriotic con duct, are to be found, they are to be placed on the lists, no matter what proportional n amber is to be furnished by such or such a town, the main object being to send away every one distasteful to the Russian authorities. The execution of the conscription is to be marked by " quickness, zeal, and discernment," and the extra military assistance has been given to the civil governor to prevent any desertion. After such declaration and conduct of the Government, are the general agitation and uneasiness of the public mind to be wondered at ? Are not those who were first to violate the rights of Poland with such unheard of cruelty, to be responsible for all the consequences affecting public order which the exasperated victims may, and likely will, be guilty of ? For has not the Government sufficient force of police and military, together with the innumer able courts-martial at its disposal, to accomplish what it may please, instead of revenging itself on sundry individuals, by kidnapping them in the manner described,. without even hearing their de fence or passing a sentence upon them ? It is, indeed, the exercise of a terrorism of the most atro cious despotism, such as Russia alone now can boast of, in civiliE ed Europe. Strict orders have been issued to the garrison here not to keep any intercourse with the civilians, which is an additional proof of the fear the Govern ment has in carrying out quietly its sinister decrees. The officers are particularly watched, and an address denying the sentiments expressed in a letter pubiished some time ago in England as to the disgust felt by them at the con duct of the Russian authorities towards the Poles, is being submitted for signature—and when the same is declined an explanation must be given. This is the way in which the Government endeavours to discover the discontented officers ; but whatever may be its game it is sure to fail in that respect. An occurrence, showing the laxity of the disci pline, has taken place a few days ago. A military agentof the police, named Zlobiski, being tired of his duty, and physically unable to perform it, had in spite of that been ordered by the Captain-Com missary of Police to keep a night watch. This led to some altercation between them, in consequence of which Zlabiski tendered his resignation. There upon the Commissary began to abuse him ; the man, exasperated, drew his sword, with which he inflicted two wounds on the Commissary's head. The noise of the struggle that ensued brought the Russian Chief of Police, Sangbus, who used the most dis gusting language towards Ztobiski, and was about to raise his hand, when the latter struck him twice in the face. Overpowered at last, Ztabiski was at once tried by a court-martial and sentenced to receive 4,000 lashes and to be sent for life to hard labour in Siberia. At his own entreaties that he might be shot his request was granted, and he was executed in the citadel on the 3d inst. in the morning. I The arrests and persecutions extend to other ancient possessions of this kingdom, and Lithuania, Volhynia, and Podolia, come in for their godly share. Wherever the faintest mark of a patriotic feeling is perceived, the police redoubles zeal and activity in stitling it, and the poor victims are immediately put out of the way. At Kamiensic the Governor Braunschwerz, who had been the cause of the arrest and the imprisonment of the marshals at St. Petersburg, without waiting for the result of the trial, takes every opportunity of showing his revenge upon others. He despatched to Siberia a Russian proprietor, M. Wolkov, who has voted in favour of the nobility address—and an Israelite named Szapiva, the head of the banking house at Kiamiansic, who with five others came in the name of the Jewish community to give their adhesion to the said address, not enjoying the pri vilege of being members of the assembly of the nobles. No fl ittery and cajolery was spared by the Governor Braunschwerz to induce Mr. Szapia to take steps in order to obtain his pardon. This he peremptorily refused, preferring an honourable exile for a just cause to an act of Imperial favour. This speaks very highly for the bonds that now unite the Poles and the Jews in one and the same great object, which is the national independence. On the New Year's day the Grand Duke Con stantine held a levee in the Royal Castle to receive the congratulations of the ministers, the clerical and civil dignitaries, and the foreign consuls resident in this city. This is the first time since 1831 that a concession of this kind has been made to the Polish custom, as the Duke's predecessors always kept the Russian New Year's day (13 days later than the one of the Roman calendar), and all sorts of infer ences were drawn from this circumstance for the benefit of the country. Reforms, grant of a con stitution, and other privileges, were to come out of his Highness's mouth, but to the great disappoint ment of all nothing has been said by the Grand Duke beyond a few dry compliments usually uttered at such a festivity. Meanwhile the trial of the 66 political prisoners is still dragging on. Several abominable facts came out again, during the last sitting respecting the committee of inquiry. One of the prison( rs, Wyner, stated that when he was under examination in the citadel, from 9 in the morning till 5 in the after noon, he was not allowed either to lean on anything or sit down, and when he fainted and asked for a little water, this was refused to him. Another prisoner, Hajdes, while undergoing the process of the Russian inquiry, and subjected to all sorts of tortures, sought some relief in glancing now and then at the picture of our Christ, which hangs on the wall behind the judge. Oa this being perceived, the picture was removed, and with it the last con solation of the poor prisoner. One named Kui cimski, was kept five days on bread and water, in this cold season, in order to confess what. he really knew nothing about, and one, Z..vadzni, an orphan, totally innocent, was imprisoned, without any charge being brought against him. Public curi osity is much excited how this Russian State trial will terminate. The effects of the scarcity of cotton is also keenly felt in this country among the manufacturing towns, The workmen being out of employ, suffer great privations; distress is general, though, perhaps, not to the extent of that prevailing in England. PRANCE. In the Constitutionnel we meet with the follow ing remarks on the subject of Mr. Bright's dis course about Gibraltar : Mr. Bright has spoken about Gibraltar in his speech at Birmingham ; he said that the possession of Gibraltar was of no benefit to England, except for the introduction of contraband goods into Spain. For a hundred years the tenure of Gibraltar has exasperated Spain against us.' To this the Con:h. tutionnel wisely subjoins that a Spaniard could not have spoken otherwise than Mr. Bright, and hence it opines that many of Mr. Bright's countrymen will not share his ideas on this question of Gibraltar, and that certainly England will not be in a hurry to put these plans into execution." In the same journal we meet with the following paragraphs : " The Imperial Military School of St. Cyr has been dispersed in consequence of a fever breaking out. Seventeen out of the 519 pupils have been attacked, and three have expired. The school will not be called together until the sanitary works deemed necessary have been entirely completed. " The subscription opened in the Imperial Guard in favour of the cotton operatives will be very pro ductive. Already it has attained the sum of 5,000 f. in one regiment of gendarmerie." Le Siecle announces the death of M. Audryane, the companion in captivity of Silvio Pellico, aged sixty-five. M. Charles Hugo's drama "Lea Miserables" is published to-day, i❑ a handsome octavo volume, in Paris, Brussels, and Leipsic, in all which cities it has been performed with great success. The works of the Bridge of Charenton are pro ceeding rapidly. The reconstruction of this bridge is one of the principal undertakings of this kind in France during the past year. The others are the enlargement of the Bridge of Saint-Esprit, on the Rhone ; the construction of the bridges of Belle Croix and Perruil, on the Loire, at Nantes; and the Bridge of Albi, on the Taur. The works of the canal from the Seineto the Rhine, in the part which traverses the communes of Saint Maurice and Charenton, have been delayed by the presence of a submerged rock, which it was necessary to break. This obstacle has been at length con quered, but the high tides have compelled the la bourers to pause. The Emperor and Empress attended the perform ance of the Fils du Gibozer the night before last. This piece has recently excited much turmoil in the dramatic world. L'Opznion Nationale learns from the Gazette du Midi that orders had been received tt the port of Toulon to furnish three transport vessels for a fresh mission to Mexico. The vessels St. Louis, L'lm perial, le Netvarin, and le Souverain, could be ready by the end of the month. It is said a reserve of 6,000 men and 600 horses is to be sent. BOURSE, Jan. 16 . —The market continues heavy, but without any further decline of consequence, Threes, for the Account, being now at 69fr. 80c. R a ilway Share Market quiet, but prices up to the present time well maintained. The market slightly improved towards the close, and left as follows :- 4t per Cents 9B 45 Do. end month 9B 30 3 per Cents Do. end month 69 95 New 3 per Cents „ Do. end month Credit M0bi1ter....1137 50 Do. end month 1140 Bank Shares — Credit kancier 1465 Piedmontese Fives — Italian Loan 69 90 Russian Austrian .. B3 Spanish Threes, 52 Home Debt 'WAYS, RA IL Cash. Account. Orleans ............... ICB7 50 .. 1087 50 Northern New ditto .......... 1026 25 .. 1023 75 Lyons ...... • Geneva ............. ..... .. ............... 1310600 Southern 542 50 IVestern .............. 550 —• • Eaetern ....... .. 531 25 '530 Sardinian .......... 365 —• • 50— 1 3 12 _5O Austrian .............. 515 • • s c g 75 Lon.bard .............. 596 25 526 25 1'5et0ria1gh0055fa5.P.a.h.1................ 53 0 8 • 60 32 5 0 7 — 5 Ditto to Barcelona 320 POLAND. (PROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) WARSAW, JANUARY 9. The strength en i ng of the military garrisons in this city and in all the chief towns of the kingdom, as well as the extraordinary precautions taken with a view to uphold public tranquillity, indicate plainly Enigma, by the Great Lord Chatham. The following verses have been recently printed from the papers at Chevening : " To discover the name that my verse would express, A letter you'll first from the alphabet guess; Which letter by this may be easily known— Its shape is the very reverse of your own. Say next, if a fair one too rashly exposes A beauteous complexion of lilies and roses, What the beams of the sun will infallibly do To deaden their lustre and sully their hue. Add to these, what induces the amorous swain TD persist in his vows, though received with disdain; What comforts the wretch whom his fortunes oppress, And arms him with courage to bear his distress. These join'd all together will make up the name Of a family known in the annals of fame : 'Tis the name of a Countess, whose portrait in vain My Muse would attempt in so humble a strain. Should I say she's the fairest of all the fair sex, Your judgment it only would servo to perp;ex : For, though known and acknowledged by all to be true. Your manners bespeak it a secret to you." It seems almost cruet to do so, yet (having solved the riddle ourselves), we cannot here resist the temptation to whisper the solution--,S-TAN-HOPE! [ED. Sun.] --- In the Court of Common Pleas this morning a decision was given in an insurance case, which was in effect to declare that vessels abandoned under the impression that repair will exceed the value of the insurance, were to be considered a total loss, THE COTTON SUPPLY. Mr. Laing, in a letter to the Times, says:—As the question of cotton supply from India is one of great practical importance, it is desirable that the opinions of those who may be supposed to speak with some authority on the subject should be cor rectly understood. lam induced, therefore, to ask you to insert a few lines on the subject, as the fol lowing passage in your article of to-day on Sir C. Wood's speech at Halifax, might, if unexplained, lead to some misconception : " What, then, has Sir C. Wood to tell us with regard to our prospeot of a supply of Indian cotton? In this respect, as in most others, the Secretary for Indi a gives an opinion contrary to that expressed by Mr. Laing. Mr. Laing had told us that we must not solace ourselves with the hope that under any circumstances we can obtain a sufficient sup ply of cotton from India. The climate, he says, is to arid, the temperature too extreme, to encourage hopes of making India ever take the place of America. According to Sir C. Wood's view, this opinion will very s p ee dil y b e put to the test. Sir C. Wood thinks that the question of the growth of cotton in India is simply a question of price —an opinion which, he says, he took up 10 years ago, and which his subsequent experience has very greatly tended to confirm." I do not know that my opinion really differs from that of Sir C. Wood. I quite agree with him that the question is one of price, and that if, for in. stance, America were sunk under the ocean, and the price of Indian cotton in consequence perma nently raised to Is. per lb., India would ultimately supply us with 4,000,000 bales. But the practical question is not what India might do under hypothetical circumstances in five or six years, but what India is really likely to do in the next year or two. It was with reference to this question that, ad dressing a meeting of gentlemen connected with the cotton trade at Manchester in September last, I pointed out that it was an error to suppose that any mere temporary or removable causes, such as want of roads or bad legislation, were alone respon sible for the fact that American had for a series of years so completely superseded Indian cotton in the English market. The radical fact was that the ave rage production of clean cotton per acre in America had been 3001 b., while in India it had scarcely ex ceeded 701 b. of an inferior quality. This arose mainly from two causes—climate and soil. The climate of India is more extreme, an excess of rain during the wet monsoon being in most parts of India compensated by excessive heat and drought during the remaining six months of the year. The soil is perhaps not intrinsically inferior, but the circumstances of its cultivation are different. Cotton in America is grown on virgin soil by the application of capital and organised labour on a large scale, while in India it is grown almost exclu sively as a rotation crop, on old cultivated land, by small farmers and peasant proprietors. These causes of inferiority may, and probably will, be partially met in India by the progress of im provement. There are districts like Dharwar, where, owing to depressions in the mountain ranges, rains are re ceived from both monsoons. In such the cultiva tion of American cotton succeeds perfectly. In other districts irrigation may be applied if the price justifies it. And, finally, as roads and railways are completed, and European capital and intelligence brought into play in the interior, the mass of the ryots will manure their lands more freely, grow green crops, and otherwise improve their cultiva tion. In this way both the quality and the quantity per acre of Indian cotton will doubtless increase. But it would be a mistake to suppose that under any circumstances the average produce per acre will approach that of America. Mr. Russell, in his excellent description of the Southern States, tells us how the cultivation has been there conducted. Irish labour was employed to save the more valuable negro, and take the rough edge off the work in clearing the jungle and drain ing the feverish swamp. Then gangs of negroes, working_in brigades like those of a regular army, were brought into play, with all the resources of capital and machinery, to cultivate vast tracts of the richest virgin soil. Nothing of the sort can take place in India. European planters will always prefer the cultiva tion of tea and coffee, which are much more profit able than cotton, and are grown at altitudes above the sea much more favourable for European consti tutions. Even if it were otherwise, the command of organized labour of the description used in Ame rica does not exist. The great bulk of the Indian supply of cotton will therefore always, as at present, be grown by the ryots as a rotation crop. The acreable produce will therefore always be tar less than in America. But although this is so, a vast quantity will still be produced by the cultivation of an acre here and an acre there, on the small holdings of the pea sant proprietors of a population of 180,000,000, who are mainly agricultural. This is purely a question of price. Let cotton sell on the spot to the ryot at a price which makes it his best paying rotation crop, and there is scarcely any limit to the quantity which may ultimately be grown. Now to apply these data to the practical state of things with which we have to deal. In September last I warned the people of Man chester that, to the best of my judgment, they would not get, at the outside, above 1,500,000 bales of cotton from India for the next 12 months. There seems no reason to alter that opinion. To produce an extra supply of 1,000,000 bales at the existing rate of production—and any increase on it is prospective—would require at least 4,000,000 acres extra to be sown with cotton, and, as the cotton crop can only be grown after a rotation of three or four years, this implies that the cultivators of 12,000,000 acres of existing arable ground, who have not hitherto grown cotton as a rotation crop, shall begin to do so. For " cotton" write " turnips" or " flax," and a moment's consideration will show that, although " price" may be the sole regulator of ultimate supply, " time" is an essential element in any cal culation of immediate prospects, Lancashire may be kept on half rations, and saved from absolute starvation during the next two years by Indian cotton, but effectual and speedy relief can only come from America. I am convinced also that it is for the interest of India that the war in America should soon termi nate, so that it may be seen to what normal price cotton will permanently settle down. If America can again produce 4,000,000 bales of cotton at sd. to 6d. per lb., and so drive the price of Indian cotton down to 4d., other crops will pay better in India ; cotton will cease to be grown largely for exportation, and a large amount of capital, which can ill be spared, will have been lost, after being diverted from other pursuits by the temporary stimulus given by high prices. But if, as 1 think more probable, America when the war ceases cannot resume her former produc tion, India will undoubtedly supply the deficiency. It is hazardous to venture on an estimate in such matters, but I see no reason to alter that which I gave four months ago at Manchester—viz., 1. That for the next 12 months India might furnish from 1,250,000 to 1,500,000 bales, but not more, 2. That permanently, after time to extend the cultivation and get over the fluctuations on the ter mination of the war, India might supply some where about 2,000,000 bales, with a permanent average price of 6d. per lb. for Indian cotton in Liverpool ; and 1,000,000 bales, more or less, for each ld. per lb., more or less, in the price of the article. I believe that if the war in America could be ter minated to-morrow by the joint recognition of the South by the Great Powers or otherwise, the result at which we should probably arrive in two or three years, after severe fluctuations, would be something like the • following ;—Cotton consumption of the world, 5,000,000 bales. Supply— America , 2,500,000 to 3,000,000 bales, at 6d. to 7d. per lb. ; India, 1,500,000 to 2,000,000 bales, at sd. to 6d. per lb.; the rest of the world, 500,000 to 1,000,000 bales. The drama of "Peep o' Day" has been produee in Australia with success. Mr. Charles Dillon made his bow to an Austra lian audience in November, in the character of Belphegor, and met with a hearty welcome- LIFEBOAT SERVICES.—CAISTOR, NORFOLK, Fri day Morning.—About 12 o'clock last night (writes the Rev. G. W. Steward, of Caistor), the clew of the life boat on this station, belonging to the National Lifeboat Institution, observed a vessel on the Barber Sands bearing light. It was blowing strongly at the time from the East. The lifeboat was at once launched, and soon reached the vessel, which proved to be the schooner Kezid, of Sunder land. The crew of five hands had just previously left in their own boat, and were afterwards picked up by the life boat about a quarter of a mile from the wreck. The light had not been burning more than two minutes, the beachmen state, before it was put out. But having seen the light the lifeboat's crew went off ; and having to tack a little to the southward in order to fetch the vessel, they thus fell in with the crew, who were making for Yarmouth Harbour in their own boat. The ship struck a second time on a sand towards the southward, which the boat would most probably have come upon, and could not pos sibly have lived through the sea. The ship was driven off the sand again, and went ashore about half way between Caistor and Yarmouth about four o'clock p.m. THE ALLEGED POISONING AT BALLYMENA,— The .Northern Whig sap, it is stated that Dr. Cour tenay, whose name was prominently mentioned at tho late inquest, has been arrested awaiting the result of the journed coroner's inquest, which will be held Hodge's complet es hi s analysis ^` t ts of the sto roach tilt, 1111f m .4-- soon as Dr. L ne contents —.Amato deceased woman. Mr. Recorder Cox on Crimes and Punishment. (From the Western Daily News.) We have received a full report of the charge of the Re corder of Falmouth, E. W. Cox, Esq., to the grand jury, at the Quarter Sessions for that borough, held last week. As it contains some original views of the questions now agitating the public, we give it entire : Gentlemen of the Grand Jury, —D taring the last quarter the public mind has been much agitated on the subject of crime and punishment—from the Bench, by grand juries, and in the press opinions have been freely offered ; and having myself some experience as a magistrate, and given some thought to it long before the general discussion began, and arrived at some definite conclusions, differing in many respects from others, I follow the example that has been everywhere set from the judgment -seat in the charge to the grand jury, and add my mite to the controversy. But first, gentlemen, I am desirous of disabusing your minds of the belief universally entertained, that crime is generally increasing. It is not so. On the contrary, it is and for a long time past has been steadily decreasing. The judicial statistics prove this beyond question. I have ana lysed these with care, and I am pleased, as you will be, to find that, as compared with 1860, the crimes of 1861 had decreased by 12 per cent., and as compared with 1858, by nearly 30 per cent. The unfavourable change has been in the character of crime. Of late there have been more crimes of violence, or rather, I should say, a particular form of theft has come into fashion with the thieves, be cause it was found to be more safely committed than the more stealthy methods previously in vogue. But such forms of crime_ are committed by a worse kind of criminals. Upon inquiry whence they came, it was found that the per petrators were for the most part professional criminals, who had been previously convicted more than once, and, going a step further, it was asked why punishment had failed to reform or to deter them ? This led to an exami nation of the existing system of convict discipline, and then it appeared that we have been trying to reform rather than to punish ; that the attempt was a failure ; and that a new system must be tried ; and the controversy is now reduced to this—What substitute shall be provided for that which. has been unanimously condemned ? Having watched the working of the system, and given much thought to it for several years past, my conviction is that the foundation of any reform must be a change in the classification of criminals, At present they are classified according to the crime, which. is not always the measure of moral degradation ; for a man, under the impulse of sudden great temptation or passion, may commit a crime which the law rightly designates as a great one, and yet be far from being so bad a character as another criminal who has committed a crime far less in de gree. It is plain that we cannot righteously inflict the sane kind of punishment upon both; there may be hope of re pentance and reform for the one, but of none with the other. Therefore, I say that as soon as the sentences are passed which the law inflicts upon the several crimes, a new classi fication must be made for the purpose of administering that punishment, and there are three obvious divisions, viz. :- Ist, the casual criminals ; 2d, the dangerous crimi nals ; 3d, the incorrigible criminals. The first, or casual, criminals, should comprise all who are not criminals by profession, who have been induced by sudden temptation, or who are convicted for the first time. To these there should bo offered every possible inducement to repent and reform, and every opportunity to restore themselves to the society they have injured, when the prospect of amendment is offered by good conduct. The second, or dangerous class, should comprise those who are so controlled by their passions that they are liable to be mastered by them. These should be treated as what, in in fact, they are, persons mentally diseased, and kept under proper treatment until they can safely be trusted abroad. The third, the incorrigible criminals, are those that are causing our present troubles. Hitherto we have been, attempting to reform them. We must abandon that hope. and deal with them as men who would certainly return to crime as soon as discharged from the prison doors. Now, we must not shrink from the consequences of this conclusion the only remedy is to exclude them for ever front the community upon which they prey. There are but two means of doing this—either banishment or imprisonment. Formerly we banished them. We have abandoned that natural cure for the disease, on the assertion that there is no place on the earth's face to which we could send them. Our colonies will not take them, and we must not create new colonies for the purpose. As for the first assertion k is not true, for I heard Governor Kennedy say that in Western Australia they would be glad to take from us any number of convicts; and as to the other assertion, I would answer it by saying, what our fathers did we can do. They created convict colonies, and those colonies, under their new names, are not sinks of iniquity, nor hells upon earth, but among the most flourishing and most cre ditable of our possessions; and why should we be unable to do again what, was done before successfully? But if it should turn out that we cannot transport, how should we treat them at home I' They must be looked upon as one- , tures who have forfeited all their social rights, and made the slaves of the community they have wronged. Hard work on public works should be their lot, and they should fare precisely according to their labour. That is the lot of the honest man; why should the criminal be exempted from it? If he won't work he must not eat; if he will work for them he should have comforts, and the stimulus of hope might be offered by allowing him to work out his freedom. I might enlarge this question by details, but this is not the plan for them. My purpose now is only to submit to you the principles that, as it appears to me, ought to regulate the punishment of our convicts. I think, too, that something might be done in the way of prevention. The professional criminals are known, and returns are actually made of them. Why should they not be called upon to account for their manner of life ? There would be no real danger to liberty in giving this power to magis trates; for the honest man would have no difficulty in showing that he was obtaining his livelihood honestly. A. commission has been appointed to inquire into this subject ; and let us trustthat it may arrive at satisfactory conclusions. MARKETS —This Day. COVENT GARDEN. The supply of fruit and vegetables on sale is seasonably good. Generally speaking, the trade rules heavy at the annexed quotations FRUIT. B. d. s. d. i s. d. 8 d Pine apples, perlb 6 oto 8 0 Cherries, per lb. 0 oto 0 0 Colonial do., each 0 oto 0 0 Foreign ditto, pun° oto 0 0 Grapes, per lb 7 otolo 0 Filberts, per lb 0 oto 0 0 Foreign do 1 oto 2 0 Walnuts Melons 0 oto 0 01 Cobnuts, per 100 0 oto 0 0 , per lb .. 1 6to 1 9 Nectarines, per dz 0 oto 0 0 1 Almonds, per bus 0 oto 0 0 Apples, per hf-sv. 2 oto 3 01 Figs, per d0z..... 0 oto 0 0 Pears, per do Oranges, per 100 3 6to 8 0 Currants, per h.sv 0 oto 0 0 Lemons, per 120.. 3 6to 7 0 Plums, per do. .. 0 oto 0 0 Gooseberries hf sveo oto 0 0 Greengages, pr do. 0 oto 0 0 Strawberries pr pt 0 o to 0 0 Raspberries, pr pt 0 oto 0 0 vzovrAnnzu. Greens, dz bunch 2 6to 3 0 Cabbages, pr doz 0 9to 1 3 Red ditto 2 oso 4 0 Savoy do., pr dz 0 10 to 1 4 Cauliflowers, pdz 0 oto 0 0 Brocoli, per bun. 1 oto 1 3 Potatoes, per ton 80 to 140 0 New ditto, pr pnt 1 oto 0 0 Turnips, dz bunch 1 6to 2 0 Carrots, pr do 4 6to 5 6 Cucumbers 0 oto 0 0 Garlic, per lb Sorrel, per sieve 0 oto 0 0 Green peas, h.-sv. 0 oto 0 0 Brus. sprouts, h.s. 1 9to 2 6 Onions, doz. bn 1 6to 2 0 New Do., dz bun 0 oto 0 0 French beans, h.s. 0 oto 0 0 Leeks, per bunch 0 oso 0 0 Shallots, per lb .. 0 6to 0 8 Horseradish, 'An 1 oto 2 0 Parsley, per ditto 0 oto 0 0 Celery, per ditto 0 Bto 1 6 Beet, per doz. 16 to 2 Parsnips, per do. 0 oto 0 0 Small salad, p. pn, 0 oto 0 0 Mushrooms,p ptl. 1 oto 1 3 Artichokes, each 0 oto 0 0 Cabbage lett,score 0 oto 0 0 Mint and s*vory..o oto 0 0 Endive, per score 0 oto 0 0 Radishes, dz hnds 0 oto 0 0 Tomatoes, doz... 0 oto 0 0 Chimes, per ditto 0 oto 0 0 Capsicums, per do 0 oto 0 0 Rhubarb, per bun 0 6to 1 6 Asparagus, pr do. 0 oto 0 0 Seakale, per bun. 1 oto 1 6 NEWGATE AND LEADENHALL. Turkeys, os Od to 9a Od ; geese, Os Od to 8s Od each ; goslings, Os Od to O s Od ; d uc k s, 2s Od to 3s Od ; duckling Os Oct to Os Od ; _ r a bbit s, i s to 2s Od each ; wild d o ling d ~ lld to is 2d ; pigeons, 10d t o is each ; large Surrey fowls, lOs Od to 12s Od ; chickens, 68 Od to Os Od; barn-door fowls, 3s 6d to 6s Od; capons, Os Od; hares, 33 6d to 4s Od ; grouse, 4s Od to Os Od each ; pheasants, 4s Oct to 5s Od ; partridges,2s Od to 3s Od; woodcocks, Os Od to Os; snipes,Od to Os Od; teal, Os Od to Os Od ; wild ducks, Os Od to Os Od ; widgeons, Os Od to Oa Od ; plovers, Os Od to Os Od each ; guinea fowls, Os Od to Os Od; roasting pigs, 6s Od to 8s Oct each; Ostend fresh butter, is to is ; English, is ld to is 6d per lb ; English eggs, 116 Od to 12s Od ; French do." 88 Od to 9s Od per 120 ; leverets, 3s 6d to 4s Od each. BILLING SGATE. Salmon, 2s Od:to Os Od ; trout, Od to Os • eels, 6d to Is ; prawns, Os to Os ; pik e , s k a t e , sturgeon, a ndhalibut, Od per lb. ; turbots, 2s 6d to 15s ; cod, 280 d to lOs Od ; brills, is Od to Os Od ; doreys, is Od to 7s Od; mullets, Os 6d to is 6d; lobsters, 6d to 2s 6d ; crabs, 6d to 2s 6d ; plaice and garnets, Od to Os Od each ; soles, 6d to is 6d per pair ; common oysters, s to —s ; natives, —s to —5 per bushel ; whitings, 3s Od to 10e; haddocks, 4s to 20s ; smelts, is Od to 2s 6d; flounders, Os Od per dozen ; mackerel, 60s per 120 ; fresh herrings, Os per 100 ; bloaters, Os to Os per 100 ; carp and each, Os Od to Os per brace. Beef, from 2s 6d to 3s NEWPORT 10d ; mutton, 2s 10d to 4s 2d ; i am b, Os Od to Os Od ; vea l, 3 8 4d to 4s 4d ; and pork, 3s 4d to 4s 4,1 per Blbs by the carcase. WHITECHAPEL. Beef from 2s 6d to 3s 10d ; mutton, 2s 10d to 4s 2d; via/, 3s 4d to 4s 4d ; and pork, 3s 6d to 4s 4d per 81b, BREAD. - The prices of wheaten bread in the metropolis are from 7id to Bd, of household do., 50 to 7d per 41b loaf. HIDES AND SKINS. Market hides, 561 b to 641 b, 2id to 3d ; 641 b to 721 b, 3d to 31d ; 721 b to 801 b, 3d to aid ; 801 b to 881 b, 3d to 4d ; 881 b to 961 b, 3id to 4Ad ; 961 b to 1041 b, 4d to 4id ; 1041 b to 1121 b, Od to Od. Horse hides, 8s 6d to lOs 6d ; calf skins, light 2s 6d to 4s Od ; full, 6s Od to Os Od ; polled sheep, 10s ()d to 13s Od ; half-breds 8s 6cl to 10s 6d ; Down s , 6 s 6d t o Ss 3d; lambs, O s Od to Os Od; shearlings, Os Od to Os Od. RAY MARKETS. SMITIIFIELD.—Meadow hay, £2 Os to £4 5s Od ; clover, do., £3 108 to £5 10s; and straw, £ll2s to £1 16s per load. Supply moderate —trade steady. CUMBERLAND.--Mearlow hay, £2 Os to £4 ss; clover, £3 lOs to £5 10s Od ; and straw, £1 12s to £1 16s per load. A fair demand. WHITECHAPEL.—Meadow hay, £2 Os to £4 ss; clover do., £3 108 to £6 108 ; and straw, /1 12e to £1 16s per load. Trade slow. Importing Tea without colour on the leaf pre vents the Chinese passing oft inferior leaves as in the usual: kinds. Tiornintan's Tea is uncoloured, therefore, always good alike. Sold in packets by 2,280 agents. be en whit Web Tt Were royd POUT maki pose 4 13rig Tt the . been 185 E solid Shat mov, and Shei vviel Exe alaar at al exhi men don lisei Ba r d pei 4 Pei New Incit Con! Exel lira 2 E Di Di Ore ( Itaii P Jrt Pori Rua Spa S t r a , l Tur ital D Rai Th