The Sun. — London, England, 1833-04-25 00:00:00

a tender might lead them to dispense with the observation of all the rules of prudence, and issue more notes than. they could meet either by Bank of England notes, by gold, or bills on London. They would soon find to their co , t, if they were tempted to over-issue, that Mr. Paring's security would be a treacherous one; I •it, in the mean time, we might have a new edition of the panics of 1825. There is no • tse in entrapping men into imprudence; and Mr. Baring's boon to the country bankers sup poses, if it is to be operative at all, that they would be guilty of imprudence. With respect to his panacea of a double standard, with which he has so long teazed the world, the thing is one of the grossest absurdities that ever entered into the head , of any man suffered to walk at large. Two standards cannot co-exist. If two things bear invariably the same relation towards each other, there is but one standard ; if they vary, one must be taken for the standard and the other abandoned.—Morning Chronicle. FRENCH PAPERS. (From Galignani's Messenger of Tuesday.) Extract of a letter of the 19th inst. from Toulon : " Orders have been received at this port to prepare every thine necessary for fitting out a squadron. The vessels which are already in our roadstead would form an impor tant naval division, and a great number of others are ex pected. We are assured that an English squadron will very shortly arrive at Toulon to join ours. Orders have been given at the storehouses to keep ready a quantity:of objects which may be required by the English vesaets." The Augsburg Gazette of the 19th inat. contains the following of the 13th from Vienna :—" According to ac count., from Constantinople to the 30th ult., it is probable that the Sultan will accede to all the exactions of Mehemet Ali, in order to save his capital. This news has cau-ed cur funds to rise." 'I he same paper I.as the following let er of the 30th ult. from Constantinople :—" It is not yet positively known whether Ibrahim Pacha, in pursu ance of the new orders from his father, has marched for ward, but it is certain that every preparation was made for that purpose. A report is again current that Smyrna has been taken possession of by the Egyptians. The appretnnsions of the inhabitants of the capital daily increase, not so much from an expectation of a visit from the Egyptians, as of an insurrection on their ap proach. The public tranquillity has not yet been seriously disturbed, but there are sufficient proofs that a great part of the inhabitants are only waiting fora favourable moment to attempt an insurrection. It is rumoured that within the last few days above 30, some even say 200, individuals suspected of a conspiracy, have been put to death secretly. Among them are raid to have been men of great influence, and even a member of the Divan. It is also stated that the Schei-Kull-Islam has been deposed. All this shows the dangerous state of the capital. The agents lately sent to the headquarters f Ibrahim Pacha are provided with full powers to induce him to advance no further. Whether they will succeed in this point, without offering to the Egyptian General a sufficient guarantee for the pro vinces of the Porte, is now doubtful, as Ibrahim Pacha is apprised of the rapid approach of the Russians, and must be aware that when the Sultan and his capital are safe under the protection of the Russians, he will be less likely to yield to the demands of the Egyptians." The Gazette also contains the following, of the 11th inst. from Trieste :—" Letters from Alexandria state that the Viceroy, elated by his success, appears little disposed to de sist from his ambitious demands, in which he is said to he encouraged by foreign influence. Advices from Bucharest mention that a second Russian squadron is to be collected at the mouth of the Danube, and that Prince Paskewitsch has set out from St. Petersburgh for Teilis. By a Greek merchant-vessel, which arrived here on the 7th, from Smyrna, we learn that 300 Bavarian troops have occupied the town and coast of Euripos and Caristo, and the Turk ish commander has taken his departure." The Manheim Gazette of the 15th inst. contains an ar ticle, from which it appears that the Germanic Diet in tends to deprive the authorities of Frankfort of the right of trying the persons implicated in the insurrection of the 3d of April, and that the prisoners are to be removed from Frankfort. Letters from Alexandria of the l7th ult., received by way of Trieste, state that the merchants have refused to grant a loan required by the Viceroy of Egypt. (From the Journal des Desbats of Tuesday.) PARIS, Aram 22.—The Austrian Observer, received to-day by the post, is the same from which we published an extract three days ago, and which gives news from Constantinople of the 30th of March. The other Ger man journals contain no news from the East later than that date. The Augsburg Gazette confirms the account given by the Austrian Observer. During the night of the 17th inst. 25 Polish refugees left the depot at Bourgos with the intention of going into Germany, but they were arrested the next morning at Sancergues, two leagues before they reached the Loire. Amongst the refugees were mine Russian deserters, who had been admitted at the depot as Poles. They were almost all loaded with debts and bore bad characters, and the desire to escape from their creditors is presumed to be the chief cause of their flight. The majority of the Poles, however, at the depot of Bourgos, whose conduct has been irreproachable, have presented petitions to the Prefect and the Commandant of the department, that those refugees play not be allowed to return. They reject them as having dishonoured the Polish character. The Minister of the Interior has ordered their names to be erased from those who receive allowances. (From the Messagcr des Chambres of Tuesday.) PArtis, Aran. 22.—A letter from Bologna of the 12th April says—" The day before yesterday the Austrian bat talion of the Regiment of Prince Leopold, with artillery, left Bologna for Lombardy. That the garrison of Bo logna may remove complete to the number of 4,500 men, three companies of Austrians with artillery will come to morrow from Forti, and three companies of Swiss from Ferrara. Some persons consider these movements as the commencement of the departure of the Austrians from the Papal dominions. We have ju-t learnt a melancholy piece of intelligence by letters from Roma. The son of Princess Eliza (sister to Napoleon) and of Prince Bac ciocchi, riding on the '7th instant near the Porta del Popolo, fell from his horse, and, striking his head against a stone, was killed on the spot. He was 16 years of age." Though the Ministry declares, through the Moniteur, that eince the publication of the article in the Journal of St. Petersburgh, the French Legation in Russia has received the most formal assurances, that the Russian Cabinet does not retract the engagement to withdraw its forces both by sea and Lind at the first demand of the Sultan, it seems nevertheless to be certain that this pub lication has greatly embarrassed it. It is said that M. de Broglie has had a very warm altercation on the subject with M. P. zzo di Borgo, and that the latter has on his part asked for explanations relative to the preparations that are making in some of our ports. To-day, at noon, the ambassadors of the three northern courts, again met at the hotel of the Minister for Foreign Affairs. It may he supposed that under these circum stances the Duke de Broglie expects with great impatience thermic of the mission of M.Varennes to Ibrahim. In fact, if the latter thinks himself authorized to suspend all hosti ij ies on the news of the assent of the Porte to the condi itions previously laid down, the ambassador of Fiance may claim the suspension of the march of the Russian army ; if be does not accept them there will probably be a collision, and that soon, and then France ought to take a part. We may remark, besides, that the Journal of St. Petersburgh manifests great distrust of the Pacha, which may perhaps have no other motive than to justify beforehand the pro. tracted stay of the fleet in the Bosphorus, and the combi nation of the movement of the troops that are advancing along the sea coast. It is known also that a second fleet has sailed from Odessa. The first courier will doubtless announce its arrival in the Turkish ports, and to excuse its length ened stay, it will be repeated " that prudence required that bland confidence be cot placed in the promises of Mehe- Mgt ;" but on 'Change the assertion of the Moniteur was adhered to, and the rise in the Funds would certainly have been maintained, had there not been a report (on the credit of some words dropped by a ministerial deputy) of an approaching loan 0(150 millions, for the extraordinary expenses, and of the plan to reduce (fr om t h e b eg i nn i ng o f 1834) the sinking fund by one half. (From the Constitutionnel.) PARIS, APRIL 22.—The Wirtemberg Gautte, a semiofficial journal, contains, in its No. of the-29th of April, the following news : "Private letters from Vienna, April 14.—We have this moment received by express news from Constantinople, on the authenticity of which we may rely. "The Sultan has accepted the terms of peace proposed to him by the Pacha of Eqpt, through Ali Pacha. " The Sultan, after having assembled all the Ministers of the Ottoman Porte, asked the representatives of the great European powers what they mild do in his favour. Admiral Ruussin offered a fleet, but it had not yet made s ape ir taco ;land,' besides, it would not be able to pre vent Ibrahim from making himself master of all Asia Minor. The Russian Ambassador replied to the same question, that the Russian army would require sixty day before it could take the field in Asia. The English L.ga tion had not received sufficient instructions ". Under these circumstances, Sultan Mahomed has followed the advice of the Divan, and of the Ambassadors of the Western powers, and has resolved to accept the terms offered by the Pacha. Couriers have been despatched in all directions, to announce this important news. Lord Ponsonby had not arrived at Constantinople, nor was there any news of the Acton frigate, which was to Wing him from Naples.—Austrian Observer. FRENCH FUNDS, PARIS, APRIL 23. —Five per Cert s., 101 f. Tic. 30c. 35c. 40c. 35c. ; Three per Cents., 77f 55 . 5 60c. 55c. fine. 65c. 60c. 65c. ; National Loan, 101 f. 30c ; Bt ik Actions, 1,720 E; Rente de Naples, 91f. 45c. 50c. Coc. 55.. , Roman Five per Cents., 00 ; Rente d'Espagne, Five per Cents. , 16 15 74 IC ; Rente d'spagne, Three per Cents., 43%4 44 43 7 / 8 41 41 1 A 41 44 44 ; Royal Spanish Loan, 9016 ; Rente Perpetuelle d'Espagne, Five per Cents., 75% ;6 94 l 6 ; Belgic Loan, 87 14 Haytian Loan, 275 f. Exchange on London, one month, money, 25f. 75c. ; three months, money, 251. 65c.—fours Authentique. BRUSSELS AND GERMAN PAPERS. BRUSSELS, APRIL 21.—The Moniteur Beige of this morning contains the royal ordinance proroguing the Chambers till the 6rh of i\liy. The Senate to day passed the law on the natural:za tion of foreigners, and then adjourned, conformably to the royal ordinance. Two Belgian Cabinet messengers, set out the day before yesterday—one with despatches for London, the other for Paris. A journal of this city affirms that General Wildeman, Governor of Breda, has received orders not to sign pernsis sions for anybody whatever to pass the Dutch outposts, either from Holland to Belgium, or from Belgium to Holland. The Independant says—" An English courier, who passed through Brussels the night before last, has brought the important news of th. arrangement of the affairs of the East. All is concluded to the advantage of Ibrahim Pacha. The Porte his accepted the conditions first of•red by the Pacha of Egypt." The Journal du Commerce d'Anvers says—" Private letters from Holland announc , that the King 11.8 given to th• Chamber of Commerce the assurance that Dutch ships will shortly be authorized to sail under the Russian flag." The whole edition of M. Nothomh's work is sold. A second ..dition will appear shortly. The Aloniteur publishes the budget of the War De partment. The Liberal and the lndependant announce the solution of the Tuiki-h question, to the advantage of Mehemet Ali, who, they say, has obtained from the Porte ad that he demanded. The news may he true, but it may also be a Sock Exchange trick ; and we are surprised that the Intlependant, which so often boasts of its prudence in the selection of news, should have published it without hesitation.— Courrier Belge. BRUSSELS, APRIL 22.—Her Royal Highness Madam Adelaide will set out for Paris this afternoon, accompanied by the Duke de Nemours and the Princesses Maria and Clementine. The review at Malines was very brilliant. The Independant replies to the doubts of the Courrier respecting the affairs of the East, that it is very true that a courier coming from Constantinople, and on his way to London, passed through Brusse's on Friday night, and that he was the bearer of despatches announcing the ar rangement of the differences between the Su tan and the Paella of Egypt, and that it can now add the following details. Ibrahim P icha reused to accept the proposals of Admiral Roussin, and repeated his first two proposals. These have been accepted by the Sultan ; who aban dons to the Pacha the province of Syria, which was the object of the war. The same paper says, " We are assured that a move ment has taken place in the Dutch army, about Capellen, and that General Daine last night sent troops, with artil lery and cavalry, in that direction. Several letters from Amsterdam confirm the news given yesterday, that the Dutch ships will be authorized to sail under Russian colours. BRUSSELS, Aram 23.--We are sorry to learn that se• veral Members of the Chamber of Representatives, had set out for Brussels to be present at the sitting of April 22, when the Royal ordinance, proroguing the Chambers, was signed. The Ministry cannot he blamed for the delay in publishing this decision, which could not be made till the reply of the Hon. Member commissioned to form a Cabinet, was known. Notice of the ordinance was given as soon as possible to the Deputies, at their own houses. The Moniteur publishes the official account of the re venue for the first quarter of 1833. That for the first quarter of 1832 was, 11,393,'7'76f. 93c. ; for 1833, 12.152,648 f. 38c. Excess in 1833, 758271 f. 45c. The Courrier Beige says—" There is not a word either in the Moniteur or the Independant respecting the new or the old Ministry. Neither is there a word of the sovereignty of flplland over the Scheldt, being recognized by France and England in the note of the 2d of April."— Brussels Papers, April 24. (From the Osservatore Teristino-) NArou, MARCH 1 —Greece is again divided into its three principal component parts—the peninsular, or the Morea ; the continent, or Livadia ; and the islands, or the Archipelago. Plaputs, one of the three deputies who were sent to Bavaria to compliment the new King, is appointed governor of the Morea ; Kolletti, of Livadia ; and Zeinni, of the Archipelago. These names end several others show that it is the first intention of the Govern ment to put an end to the divisions which alienate the several parties. Hitherto Colocotroni, and some of his warmest adherents, are set aside, as well as others known for their republican sentiments.—Allgemeine Zeitung, April 19. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE-(THIS DAY.) FROM LLOYD'S. DEAL, APRIL 24.—Wind S.E., light breeze.—Arrived his Majesty's slip Stag, from Portsmouth, and his Majesty's ship Snake, from the northward, both of which remain with the combined squadron. Sailed the Royal Admiral, for New South Wales. PORTSMOUTH, APRIL S.E., light.—Arrived the Ebenezer, Long, from Oporto. FALMOUTH, APRIL 23.—Wind E.S.E., light. RAMSGATE, APRIL 'A.—Arrived the Wesselvallegheid, Vander Weyd, sent in by the Junon French frigate, bound to Rotterdam. DOVER, APRIL 24.—Arrived the Comet, Eden, from Memel. DARTMOUTH, APRIL 23.—Arrived off port the Adler, Fries, from Pernambuco ; Catherina Dorothea, Tiernan, from Bahia ; and Treunde, Meyen, from Havannah. PENZANCE, APRIL 23.—Arrived the Fidelity, Rowe, from Terceira. Off port the General Palmer, Colgrave, from Bengal ; and Juno, Sengslarke, from Batavia. DUBLIN, APRIL 23.—Arrived the Voader, Mesquita, from St. Übes. LIMERICK, APRIL 'a—Arrived the Five Sisters, Pitts, from Cadiz; and Emerald Isle, Monyse, from London. LEITH, APRIL 2:l.—Arrived the Harmony, Brown, from Messina; and Mary, Ballantyne, from Villa Nova. GREENOCK, APRIL `_.2.—Sailed the Joanna, Paterson, from Bengal. Arrived off the Lizard the Baman, Evans, from Surinam. " Constantinople, March 27. " The French schooner of war, which had been sent from this to Alexandria with proposals of terms from the Sultan, has returned with the refusal of Mehemet Ali to accept them, and it is reported that Ibrahim Pacha has orders to resume the offensive. It is reported that he has taken possession of Smyrna. The Neva Russian steamer, which had been sent up to Odessa with orders to stop any further expedition of ships this way, returned yesterday; but it is said that since the re. ceipt of the late accounts from Alexandria orders have been sent off by land, to request that the whole as,istance promised by Russia may be sent down forthwith." SOAP DUTIES. The following are copies of the Chancellor of the Ex. chequer's resolutions presented to the House on Tuesday respecting the alterations in the duty on soap That the several duties, drawbacks, and allowances of Exeiee now payable on soap do ceme and determine ; and that in lieu thereof the fo'lowing duties and drawbacks of Excise shall be levied, collected, and paid ; that is to say— For every pound weight avoirdupoise of all hard soap which shall be made in Great Britain, a duty of one penny halfpenny. For every pound weight of all hard soap which shall be brought from Ireland into Great Britain, a duty of one penny halfpenny. For every pound weight of all soft soap which shall be m rde in Great Britain, or which shall be brought from Ireland into Great Britain, a duty of one penny. For every pound weight avoirdupois of all hard soap for which the dill , imposed in respect thereof shall have been paid, and which shall be exported as merchandise from Great Britain to foreign parts, or which shall be shipped as stores of any vessel, or which shall be removed from Great Britain into Ireland, a drawback of one penny halfpenny. For every pound weight avoirdupois of all soft soap which shall be exported or removed, a drawback of one penny. ''„* The Committee on the Assessed Taxes Acts, mi ginally fixed for Monday, and in which Lord Althorp will move the resolutions for his proposed alterations in the t'utiee on houses, windows, shopmee, &c. 1 . 1,14 I, ur :=l , ,KS 'nits DAY AT ON O'CLOCK. -- • - • Sank Stock 3 pei Cent. Red ............64i 14 India Stock 3 per Cent Cons. B7 %% ; Ditto Bonds 25 27 pm. 3ke. per Cent. 91% South Sea Stock 97% Ditto Red. 94 5 4% Old Annuities — Ige'v e % per Cent. 95;8%!4 New Ditto — 3 per Cent. Ann. 1728. .. 3 per Cent. Ann. 1751 4 per Cent. 1828 10211 1% Ex. Bills, X 1,090...... 50 49 pm. Hank Long Ann. to expire Ditto 50C 5O 49 pm. Tan. 5, 18510 16% 1316 , Ditto Small TlOct. 10, 1859 16 13-16 'Ditto Commercial. ..... ... pm. Jan. 5, 1860 l7l Ditto Advertised — pm. Jan. 5, 11E80 — Bank for Account. 194 3V, 4% April 5, 1880 lndia for Acconnt Jan. 5, 1870 — Cons. for Account ...S 7 i S 7 - . I : PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS Austrian Bonds 9t; Sy Belgian Bonds BB3 `JUN) Account 84 4 .; Brazilian Bonds .. lO% Ditto Account 6038 Buenos Ayres Bonds 25 Ditto Account — Chilian Bonds oisy, Ditto Account 22 Columbian Bonds 1 5 1,4 Ditto Account Ditto Bonds, 182.1 1 7 1,4% Ditto Account — Danish Bonds "3 2 , ,c Ditto Account — Greek Bonds 11V, Ditto Bonds, 18'25. 3514 Ditto Account — Mexican Bonds, 5 per cent 3l Ditto Account ..... 31 Ditto, 6 per cent 32 Ditto Account 32 92 PRICES OF SHARES TPIIS DAT AT ONE O'CLOCK. Paid, Per Share. Anglo Mex. Min. Co. (iss. at 51. pm.) XlOO Bolanos Mining Company ..£150 Brazilian Imp. Min. Co. (iss. at 51. pm ) -£2O Ditto National 17.4 Ditto St. John Del Rey Ditto Cocaes ... 5 British Iron Mining Company £5O Columbian Mining Co. (iss. at 51. pm.) 503( English Mining Company 12% General Mining Association l2 Mexican Miring Co £46 23 15s. 1!1% 9;4 27% 81,4 7th Real del Monte Nlininr Co. —29 q. Tlalpuxahua Mining Co 330 United Mex. Min. co. (iss. at 21. pm.) 40 Nl3 Ditto New Set ip 5 164 4 " Alliance Fire Insurance Comp. lO 10li Protector Insurance Comp. Australian Co. Canada Company General Steam Navigation Co. Provincial Bank of Ireland 25 1114 12 29 ?RIVES • , F tItISH STOCKS, DUBLIN, APRIL 2.2. Bank Stock 2Ol St. Patrick Insur.(poi Share) Consols, 3 ner cent Gov. Stock, 3N', per cent 93% National Ditto — Ditto, New 94 Patriotic Ditto I per Cent — Hibernian Bank 22 Gov. Deb. 3'4 percent.... 58 Provincial Ditto — Royal Canal Stock — Royal Irish Mine — Grand Canal Stock — Imperial Mine — City Deb. 4 per cent. — , Mining Co. of Ireland 'lallast office Deb. 4p. c. 'Commercial Buntlines THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. 'Peruvian Bonds jPortuguese Bonds Ditto Account 5014 Regency Scrip dis. Ditto Account 536 dis. j Prussian Bonds Ditto Bonds, 1822 10:1 .. Russian Bonds, 1822... 10214. y, Ditto Account lO2B New Loan triN Spanish Bonds, 1621 lei, Ditto Account p 0 , ,,, Ditto Bonds, !6:13 I6N Ditto Account French Rcntes, sp. c. —f —..e. Exchange f —c. ....---:1 per cent. —f —c. Exchange —f —,.... Dutch, 9.1 p. c 46 5% Ditto Account 46 544 Ditto, 5 p. c q 5 ,4, 4% Ditto Account 85 4% Franch Scrip .............. 4 5i pin. - -0 1 ~ tae44.-.4, ~,...,._„ Eff-fi I , , ..4 , ,,,,, * lilt+ LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, APRIL 25, 1633. The Currency debate was closed last night at a late hour, and was rather singularly followed by a motion for simple inquiry into the distress of the country. It will be seen in another column, that on the first division, which was on Mr. ATTWOOD's motion, there were 139 in its favour. It is fair to suppose that a part, and a large part, of this number supported the motion, from a desire to inquire into the distresses of the country, and with no intention of sanctioning that gentleman's views upon the subject of the currency. On Lord ALTHORP'S amendment being put, Mr. ATTWOOD moved the addition of words to it, by which, having regard to the principle it contained, a Committee was to be appointed to inquire into the distress of the industrious classes. This was, apparently, quite a fair and unobjectionable proposal ; but coining from Mr. ATTWooD immediately after this de bate, and appearing as a kind of corrective to Lord ALTHoRp's amendment, it would, in all probability, have given rise to an opinion that the Currency doctors, or quacks, had triumphed. It was urged by Sir ROBERT PEEL, that it was equivalent to a motion on the state of the nation, and could be entertained by no authority subor dinate to that of the House. Mr. HUME and others had no objection to a Committee , of In quiry, but could not agree to that proposed, unless the Hon. Member would state the object he had in view. In fact, the House seemed to have a salutary distrust of any proposition Mr. AITWOOD might make, and accordingly, in spite of the taking nature of his amendment, the number of his supporters, on a division, was slightly reduced. A third and final division took place on Lord ALTHORp's resolution, which put the plain question—aye or no—should the standard of value be lowered ? We are happy to say, that forty-nine individuals only were found to support the affirmative of that question In the division immediately previous, the num• bets had been 139 for Mr. ATTWOOD, for Mi nisters 331. Now the numbers were for Mr. ATTWOOD, 49 ; for Ministers, 304 ; the in crease of the last number showing that some of Mr. ATTwoOD'S supporteis had changed sides although others had merely left the House Such is the result of a debate from which the opponents of Ministers hoped so much. No one will believe that the Members who voted with the Government are all adverse to inquiry into the distress of the people ; many who are adverse to it declare that it is useless, because the reme. dies are as notorious as the distress ; so that the only result of Mr. ATTWOOD'S motion will be to let every labourer in the country, every man with a fixed income, know who it is wish, under the name of lowering the standard of value, to filch —it hardly deserves the name of robbery, that must be reserved for a more open attack—from them a- part of those necessaries and comforts which they are at present able to purchase. The minority will be immortalized as" the forty nine" who were found so late as the year 1833 to advocate, in the House of Commons, a scheme of robbery which they hardly deigned to ve il under the milder term of depreciation. The last number of the Edinburgh Review contains an article against the imposition of a property or of an income tax, of the most Conservative description, and which we have been both surprised and grieved to see ap proved of by some of our contemporaries, from whom we had expected b e tt er t hi ngs . L et us see whether, without entering very much at large into this important quest i on, we cannot convict the reviewer out of his own mouth. He begins by admitting , in direct terms, the sound nesstheprinciple l a id d own b y Dr. S:MTH, subjects of every s t ate oug h t to contri butethat theof towards the support of Government, ci as nearly as possible in proportion to their respec tive abilities ; that is, in proportion to the re venue which they respectively enjoy under the protection of the State." But then, says the reviewer, there are great difficulties in the way of applying this principle ; and he forth with involves himself in a labyrinth of hack nied arguments, which being, by his own ac-1 knowledgment, in direct contradiction to prin ciple, are, as might be expected, in direct contradiction to common sense, and o n e another. He takes the question of a pro perty tax and an income tax separately, and satisfactorily convinces every one that taxes are very disagreeable things, and that no class likes them. First, with respect to landholders, he says that they are mostly small proprietors, having "5, 10, 50, or 100 acres of land," whom it would be enormously unjust to tax, whilst bankers, merchants, and traders are let off. No doubt, but we suppose that the injustice is equally " enormous," if the man with the acres is suffered to escape taxation, whilst the man with the funds is taxed. Yet as far as our direct taxes are concerned, that is precisely the case at pre sent. The land may be left by will to any one the owner pleases, without paying any tax what ever ; the banker or trader leaves his property among his connections, and they have every one of them to pay a legacy duty. Now, here is " an enormous injustice" deliberately committed, whilst the remedy suggested for it, proposes no thing but an equality of burden. The advocates of a property tax only have in view the taxation of property ; and to say that it cannot be taxed this way or that way, is merely saying that we ought to find a way. Landowners have found no difficulty in taxing houseowners, as witness the house and window tax ; they have found no difficulty in taxing personal property of every kind, as witness the legacy duty ; but directly any general scheme is proposed which will embrace land, there is an immediate outcry about " difficulties" and all their organs, Whig and Tory, are prepared to prove that what were mole-hills when traders were concerned, are mountains when the question relates to the owners of real property. The reviewer ap pears to feel the injustice ;of some of the taxes, for he shirks them off in a few sentences, but what sentences ! He says, " It is contended, that because a receipt stamp for 201. costs ls., a receipt stamp for 1,0001. ought to cost 21. 10s." No doubt it is contended, and what has the Reviewer to say against it ? why that " By far the greater portion of the largest incomes is expended in paying com paratively small accounts." He might as well have said that the moon was made of green cheese. The legacy duties he thinks badly arranged ; those payable on small sums ought, he says, to be reduced, and those payable on large sums to be increased. This is directly in the teeth of whole page. of argument against a graduated property tax ; but it is curious to see a man gravely discussing how a burden ought to be divided between A and B when the question is whether D ought not to bear a portion of it. We shall return to this article on a future day, only begging to impress the fact upon our readers, that the principle of a property tax being admitted to be good, " difficulties " in its application ought only to be considered in order to be overcome. The French papers state that extensive pre parations are going forward at Toulon, and that an English fleet is expected to join the French fleet which is fitting out there. We do not know what reason there may be for expecting the arrival of an English fleet at Toulon ; but we hear from a source on which entire reliance can be placed, that the difficulties which stood in the way of an arrangement between the British and French Governments on the subject of Russia have been removed, and that it has been resolved by Prince TALLEYRAND and Lord PALNIERSTON, to take such precautionary measures as have become necessary. That Russia is aiming at more than Great Britain and France can with safety to themselves allow is certain, and the extensive naval preparations which the EMPEROR is making at Cronstadt, are of themselves sufficient to warrant the inter ference of the British and French Governments. An official person, who is lately arrived from Russia, states that there are at this moment seventy-five ships of war at Cronstadt, of which sixteen are ships of the line. This may be an exaggerated statement, but it will be prudent to keep a vigilant eye upon the naval preparations of Russia. Dutch Papers of the 24th instant have been received, but their contents are not important. The KING is endeavouring to make himself very gracious in the eyes of the people, and begins, no doubt, to feel the consequences of his double faced policy, in the altered circumstances of his finances, as well as the growing coldness of the mercantile interest. In order to compensate for the capture of Antwerp Citadel, the Dutch semi-official journal, the Handelsblad, publishes, as from authority, the following statement of the l o ss sustained by the French in the siege Killed, 1,010 ; wounded, 2,013, of whom 600 suffered amputation ; missing, 319 ; in all 3,342. The Moniteur of 7th January made the number of the wounded, 550." The world is not likely to place much faith in this Dutch version of the affair, nor do we see what pur pose it can be intended to serve, unless as a sa lve to the wounded vanity of the Dutch _ nation. The St. Petersburgh journals of the 9th April, contain a long official article on the present state of the kingdom of Poland, for which we have not room to• day. AMSTERDAM, APRIL 23. Actual Debt, 2% per cent Amort Syndic, 4% per cent ...... ........ Ditto, ditto, 3% per cent. Voluntary Loan, 1831, 6 per cent lOl% to 102 Ditto, 1833, 5 per Cent. Ditto, P 33, 5 per Cent. Exchange on London Ditto, two months ll 65 Merchant Tailors' School has, we under stand, been closed, in cons,quenee of the prevailing influenza being among the sch o l a rs. A splendid dinner was yesterday given to Captain POLHILL, by the principal members of Drury-lane Theatre, and several gentlein n, supporters of the drama, (Lard Wit. LEN)tox in the Chair), at Gnuld'a London Hotel, Albemarle-street, on the gallant Captain's retire ment from the Lesseeship of the Theatre. A handsome subscription has also bees entered into to present Captain PoLulu. with a piece of plate. COVENT-GARDEN THEATRE. Mr. KNomus last night achieved another dramatic triumph, equal, if not superior, to his Hunchback. His " Wife, a Tale of Mantua," was received with—not approbation, for th,.t is too cold a term to use, but—enthusiasm by one of the most crowded houses we ever remember to have seen. It is a rare thing for a man of genius to be able to keep pace with, and even out-strip, public expectation in his two-fold capacity of author and actor. Yet Mr. KNOWLES has done so, and by so doing bids fair to work a thorough stage Reform. His success rings the death-knell of the stilted school, whether of acting or of writing. It is the precursor of a purer, a more manly, a more natural taste in dramatic literature. One of the leading characte ristics of Mr. KNOWLES'S genius is straight-forwardness. He in dulges i❑ no prefaces nor circumlocutions—wastes not a mo ment in striving to feel his way or beat about the bush, but bounds at once on his subject, and rarely, if ever, misses his spring. To find his equal in direct, vigorous simplicity of manner, we must go back to the Elizabethan age. Since the days of SHIRLEY, the last of a race of giants, Mr. KNOWLES has had no rival in this respect, still less in his power of constructiveness, and mode of controlling and mastering the promptings of a most luxuriant invention, full even to overflowing. But there is one point of character in which (with the single exception of SHAKSPEARE) he is unrivalled by any dramatist in the language. Masstscua beats him hollow in breadth and force of style; BEAUMONT and FLETCHER have a thousand times more sweet ness, grace, and rich poetic sensibility; WERSTER more inten sity ; (we say nothing of FORDE, for we detest him, if only for that outree absurdity his Broken Heart) ; BEN JONSON more rough, manly vigour; but not one among them all can compete with KNOWLES in cordiality. He is the most honest, warm hearted of dramatists. What he may be as a man we know not, but we have a shrewd suspicion that his embrace of a friend must be little short of a Cornish hug. We can imagine a trim dandy dying of suffocation under the squeeze. Another of Mr. KNowLEs's prominent excellen cies is his development of the female character. His women are all Shaksperian ; that is to say, creatures of real flesh and blood—(not tawdry, sentimental make-believes, angels in every thing but wings)—but downright, literal transcripts from humanity, with warm hearts beating in their bosoms. Julia, for instance, though she may not pass muster at Almack's, is as much a thing of life as Rosalind, and Mariana (the author's most successful creation), the model of a pure, impassioned, high-souled matron, such as we feel exists—as much so as we feel the truth and nature of the lofty Hermoine. The plot of the " Wife" is something to the following effect : Leonardo Gonzaga, Prince of Mantua (Mr. C. KEAN), is be loved by Mariana (Miss E. TREE), a Swiss maiden, whose father has rescued him from an avalanche while on his travels. Her guardian, Hugo (ItaNscoun), has affianced her to Count Florio (DinnEaa), but, unwilling to yield her hand where she cannot give her heart, she seeks protection under the roof of Antonio, a curate (C. BENNETT). The merits of her case are tried before Ferrardo Gonaago (WARDE), the reigning Prince of Mantua, his elder cousin Leonardo being considered dead. Ferrardo decrees that she shall return to her guardian and become the wife of the Count, when an unknown advocate warmly espouses her cause, and, on Ferrardo's ordering him to be removed, throws off his gown and discovers himself to be Prince of 31antua and the lover of Mariana. Ferrardo resigns his scat to its rightful owner, and the faithful maid becomes the wife of the Prince. Ferrardo, how. ever, resolves to revenge himself on his cousin, and takes the opportunity of his absence on a warlike ex pedition to blacken the character of the new-made wife. For this purpose he employs one Julian St. Pierre (Mr. SHERIDAN KNOWLES), who had formerly been his agent in some vicious transactions. Saint Pierre is also of Switzerland, and Ferrardo contrives that he shall bear despatches to Mariana. He con strues to all who witness it her unrestrained delight at raeeting with a countryman into undue familiarity with a stranger, and subsequently contrives, by administering a sleeping potion to St. Pierre, to have him conveyed into a bed.room adjoining that of Mariana. By means of St. Pierre's scarf and other circum stantial evidences he establishes a general belief in her guilt ; but, in endeavouring to make assurance doubly sure, by extorting a written confession of guilt from St. Pierre, he finds he has all along mistaken his instrument. St. Pierre is a man whom he had corrupted in his youth, and who entertains a mortal enmity to his employer. Instead of writing as Ferrardo desires he writes a full detail of Ferrardo's guilty strata gems against the good name of Mariana, and, having first art. fully possessed himself of his dagger, offers him the alternatives of instantly signing the confession, or dying on the spot. Fer rardo signs the paper, and is secured in his own palace by St. Pierre. He finds means, however, to escape, and, hurrying to the camp, tells the tale of his wife's guilt to Leonardo. The husband is incredulous, and 3fariana, who has flown from Mantua to seek him, shortly after arrives in the tent to confront her accuser. St. Pierre next appears with the written confes sion, but has scarcely uttered a word ere he is stabbed by Fer rardo. He, however, makes manifest the innocence of Ma riana, and with his dying breath declares himself her brother, who many years before had been seduced away by Ferrardo from their native valley. The curtain falls upon the mutual and unshaken love of Leonardo and Mariana, the disgrace of Ferrardo and the death of the unfortunate St. Pierre. From this imperfect sketch, it will be seen that the play is one of surpassing interest. Indeed, ftom first to last, the plot never once flags. Every scene—every character helps on its progress. With a bold reliance on his own resources, Mr. KNowLss cuts away all irrelevant matters, and disposes of the main business of the play before the close of the second act. His Ferrardo is touched with a master-hand. We trembled (thinking of Iago) when the character first began to develop itself; but there was no cause for apprehension, Mr. KNOWLES just lightly touched, then quitted the dangerous ground, aware, perhaps, that it was beset by pit-falls. Mariana is the most finished character in the play. One more gracefully conceived, and skilfully executed, we know not, unless, as we said before, it be among the Elizabethan dramas, where she may, without difficulty, be equalled, but assuredly not sur. passed. Miss TREE did ample justice to this model of high. souled simplicity. Her generous reliance on her own innocence —her contempt of the world's slander—her indignation at the hints of her confessor—and then again her truly feminine re turn to fear and timidity, left nothing to be desideratad. She filled a large space in the heart of the audience, which she retained to the last moment. The following fine, feeling bursts were exquisitely given : Lorenzo—How grew your passion ? Mariana—As my stature grew, Which rose without my noting it, until They said I was a woman. I kept watch Beside what seem'd his death-bed. From beneath An avalanche my father rescued him, The sole survivor of a company Who wandered through our mountains. A long time His life was doubtful, Signor, and he called For help, whence help alone could come, which I, Morning and night, invok'd along with him.— So first our souls did mingle. • • • • • I lov'd indeed! If I but nurs'd a flower Which to the ground the rain and wind had beaten, That flower of all our garden was the pride:— What then was he to me, for whom I thought To make a shroud, when, tending on him still With hope, that, baffled still, did still keep up, I saw at last the ruddy dawn of health Begin to mantle o'er his manly form, And glow--and glow—till forth it burst at last Into confirmed, broad, and glorious day ! In the trial scene, too, nothing could be more effective than the way in which Miss TREE replied to the question of WARDS (Ferr ado) as to where her unknown lover resided : " My heart ! Though travels he By land or sea—though I'm in Mantua And he as distant as the Pole away." "I look but into that, and there he is, It's king enthroned, with every thought, wish, will, In waiting at his feet." The thought we have marked in italics is not new, but was it ever more exquisitely developed? We must not omit to mention that fine trait of nature, where, having exhausted her indignation at what she fancied an affront, Marianna's natural gentleness prevails, and she returns, a penitent, to k neel for a blessing from her confessor. This skilful trait brings out the character, as one or two of Claude's magical touches bring out a sunset. Again, what a fine Miranda-like innocence and simplicity breathe in the following passage! Mariana is re plying to some vague hints of her confessor : " I slept alone ? Yes--I did sleep alone I: What idle words are these ?—I slept alone ! I know I slept alone last night !—the night Before ! the night preceding that !—alone ? How could I otherwise than sleep alone, When my dear lord's away ?" The next prominent character is Julien St. Pierre. It is but a sketch, though a bold and vigorous one, and was played by K:stowLEs, as no other actor of the day could play it. It is ad. mirably suited to his abrupt, rough, colloquial mode of delivery. Mr. KNOWLES'S acting has the charm of perfect originality. It has all the ease and freedom of Kean, with a literalness, a distinctness of purpose, and an utter absence of the pic turesque, that strongly mark its individuality. A taste for Knowles's acting is, we suspect, something like that for olives, an acquired taste. At first it may appear repulsive, for it shocks all established theatrical prejudices ; but it is soon found to be bottomed on nature, and makes its way accordingly. It is charac terized by singular frankness, bonhommie, and straightforward ness. Strong, cordial feeling breathes in every word, and suggests every movement. Apparently, Mr. KNOWLES has quite a pu ritanical horror of the artificial. He disdains what is called " making points," but trusts to nature alone to bear him out in all he says or does. We quote a passage which is strongly characteristic of the author, the actor, and the man. KNOWLES of course delivered it in his best, that is to say, his heartiest, manner. It occurs in the boldest scene in the play " I tell thee I ne'er received a blow from mortal man But I did pay it back with interest ! One by one 1 have parted with those virtues of a man Which precept doth inculcate; but one grace Remains —the growth of nature—the true shoot Abuse could not eradicate, and leave The trunk and root alive —one virtue—manhood! The brow whereon doth sit disdain of threat, Defiance of aggression and revenge For contumely. You did strike me! Come, I must have blow for blow." The feeling and energy which KNOWLIIS threw into these bold lines, more especially the way in which he erected his form, till it absolutely seemed to dilate and swell upon the eye, as he thundered out the word " manhood" (as if every manly ex cellence was summed up in that one word) quite electrified the n stivi audience. Equally ef f ective was hi s description of ,„ country, which we subjoin for the sake of its delight( Vs". " The land of beauty and of grandeur, lady, Where looks the cottage out on a domain The palace cannot boast of. Seas of lakes, And hills of forests ! crystal waves that rise 'Midst mountains all of snow, and mock the sun, Returning him his flaming beam s more thick And radiant than he sent them. Torrents there Are bounding floods ! and there th e tempest roams At large, in all the terrors of its glory ! orchards-' For hearts our cottages, our vineya rds, And then our valleys ! ah, they are the homes Our pastures studded with the herd and fold Our native strains that melt us as we sing them A free--a 'Hie emphatic gentle—way s in which KN o imple—honestwcys peopl e! dwe lt on 0" " honest" dropping his voice, as if half-st ran g led with oil 4 ;ot and a thousand painful recollections, convinces 0 , /r. C : he is one of the most intellectual actors of the dal' KEAN played the part of Leonardo With a truth es , a 3 skill that give Us high hopes of him. proved since we saw him last. The c haracter o.dence, failure, and disturbs the otherwise lightful one ; full of buoyancy and generous 111,41Pe and by far the most original in the play. W A"E g PI3 s . wily Ferrardo with marked care and judgment' ctiet'j did all that could be done for Bartolo ; but the char' J O play. It is a tissue of mere buffoonery, a nd° .,f e bl fg " lumbering nature. Altogether we consider the "tyt , ,,,,,tP" the ablest and most finished of KsrowLEs'S Oar' ar oe some exquisite snatches of poetry; and is ren.' :, numerous single lines of the most perfect felicity' thought and expression, such for instance as— " No retinue doth stop your gracious way, Here is no throng—for poverty sits here besides a hundred others, which we have neither sP4cen-ew to mention. The scenery was, for the most 1 )311 '..0 hi t well painted, and the play announced for repetio.oo hits shouts and waving of hats and scarves and h a ndlcei rcil'e 13 1° ,hich all parts , of the house (the pit rising en moue, "" have been inspiration to a man genius and fee' of a Mr. KNOWLES. graceful uniforiniti On • Monday PA VILIO roprietorN THE"! T esta- il•c;:lishoseats the sirited pof this -, It duced a new drama, called The Robber of the liht dramatic version of LEITCH RiTcnlE's celebrated 01 7 r oe , expressly for this theatre by the author of s e !„ e era aticliet, dramas, and received the unanimous applause of '" w ise tf ; Mr. FREER, as Schinderhannes, played with e O , and Mr. BURTON, in a very original comic cha rac `;l -; re ti o continued shouts of laughter. We can conflden.gainit mend a visit to this house as an excellent specific blue devils generated by the prevailing influenza. THE FUNDS.-(THIS DA t iLOC IC. ,be CITY, TWELVE o'- - cl od - By the French mail this morning, we have rec following, from the Turkish frontiers : he CS r d o { t he as The sth division, forming the advanced gt l3. Aleit Jo gi' e of the army of General HesselefF, was to arrive 3' dace the 24th of March, when a junction was to 01 0 9 ;p:di the expedition left for Turkey. The above Gelle r ' . 010 0tt:0..4 a Proclamation to the Administration of Wal ach t i'' l he stated that serious events were pressing en empire, caused by the revolt of the Viceroy of "::, - cce' had caused the Sublime Porte to demand the as' i :,,," - p eri ,l) s l ; Emperor of Russia, both by sea and land. '" - 13' 0 0 0 jesty had, in consequence, ordered his fleet ill the - 0 ,64 '0 to sail to the Bosphorus, and he put at the Sultal!, a nds fr‘ auxiliary corps, which was confided to his coalman"' rt e.' would be ready to march at the first signal for the 1 1 e d 1 5 4 The following is the French force to be ass e ,, Sor t Levant :—The Sueren, 100 guns, Duquesne, 90 gu":,' 74 guns, Marengo, 74 guns, with four heavy M - lt d rece' guns each. Madras Papers to the 13th of November have been at the North and South American Coffee-house. 00 - f! The following important intelligence has be en yjier t ' o t cated to us :—The da3 before the Italy arrived 3 frill i re l squadron of Dutch men of war, consisting Of s ev i en gt i k ,o4 passed on their way to Batavia. It was reper t ` - ", o 6°` that these ships left Holland on the 3d of April in c°. of a probable war. , " A very serious disturbance h as t a k en place a' , tife' 4 owing to a scheme which some of the disaffected 0 7, to vised for the destruction of the European inhabitantS'ostiD.;t7 The Turkey mail has arrived. The letters st ate hali' t. ,,f, him's army was advancin g i n grea t f orce , and the"' IVO of Constantinople were disposed to join him. The army was also on its march for the above capital. THE In consequence of the great majority on the sideo f 4'ooterj last night in the House of Commons on Mr. Att W ,793; the Funds have improved this mo rn ing to 87 . El:. which they have receded a little, and are at prose ° • with little doing. oe r aj The estafette from Paris states that preparation , . h t° at Toulon to send a fleet to the Levant, and whlc r oct O joined by an English squadron, no doubt for the P r " the Turkish empire. a or. is 0011 In the Foreign Market the only speculation -. Stock, which is rather lower, owi ng to the decline ' ll on Monday. The Dutch steamer h as arrilivedA,lwFhicPhAb;CinTO r e poe l ; Funds somewhat lower ; but we do not hear of * ll ' o 9 news, with the exc e pti on th a t hi s D u t c h Majesty old system of procrastination, looking for all e f orfr event that may arise from the cr iti ca l situation 0 ' $ East. tba t el:p0/411 Private accounts from Paris, this morning, statemPtioe. affairs have a brighter appearance than for sel n particularly in regard to the affairs at ConstantinolAZ oflri The North American packet ship is off LiverP°° the Ist inst. ; letters and papers not yet received' obi' A vessel has arrived from Oporto, sailed on tb e •d$ notl Ise es yet has transpired. ralt ig 1 0". Consols have remained steady during the 10° witl 3 for the Account; alternately, buyers and sellers, doi In .r tile r 1° the Foreign Market the Dutch Funds are -$ owing to their having receded in Holland. CL OC° THREE W.- - Console for the Account, S7l. „, 1. C 1C 91 CLOSING PRICES.—FOUR 'ft" Bank Stock 194 j 3 4 3 I nd i a S toc k. .............. 3 per Cent. Red 7 Ditto 80nd5.... , " . ... 3 pet Cent. Cons B7j South Sea Stoc' ..... .. ; 34 per Cent. 94t Ditto Old Ann.' •... , F l ; . per Cent. tied 944; a • Ditto New Alin' New 3i per Cent 951 f f Ex. Bills, 10 a ....... .80 en: 4 per Cent lui2j 14 Ditto 510 1 , , ... .. ea* Lang. Ann. to expire Ditto soul , ........ 8 Jan. 1860 16 IL-17 Bank St. for Ace' Ali a Oct. 1859 16 12-16 Consols fir Acc.. , : . 0 Jan. 1860 PUBLICATIONS.—We area N E W of the .u ote eLh U ßlee ß ubaß L rui: l tt ; do A TIONS.-- vv e are r state that the following works will be readi4lol o 1 1P with the Magazines on the Ist May Th e g r i,4oso s ß et u Lowf portraitrt ‘ R o C ' t M odern o2r.y To f N h e3edl "The is p t Novelists," 00cfwo History of the Commoners of the United Pt A oil Companion to the P eerage and Baronetage"7;A:o),, Edition of the Private Correspondence of Dr' ‘ be 2 vole—and 4. "Service Afloat," coroprisint ! lb ° 0 I narrative of a Naval Officer, employed di: 0 ;1 0 0 11 1 war, and the Journal of an Officer engage d fe l t expedition, under the command of Captain O _di western coast of Africa. sump a Prince TALLEYRAND gave a sunir ti p tainment on Monday, in Hanover-square, t ° t ft4 P Duchess of MONTEBELLO , the Duke of Ana" % efs,, Countess SEFTON, Lord and the LicliesMov i Lo l :;l , A WESSENSERG, Baron de NatmrANN, Mr. 1 7 • 007,0 M. DURAND Si'. ANDRE, the Fr2ncb Con slf ott l ; It appears that the Dukes of 0 0 ' fore: r j b NEMOURS are expected to arrive in London bed cilisil of next week. Prince TALLEYRAND has i' su pl7oc eig i a grand dinner to the French Princes on the s oi ; 0 , 1 og to which the Duke of GLOUCESTER, Prince g ( 11 ,0 I.IEVEN, Earl GREY, Baron and Baronesor many other persons of distinction, are invi te :;cAr to d°, RAILWAY IRON FOR Alq°' tb!li ;., s learn that a most respectable mercantile hou ge ogr: d has lately received an order to send irony t° lo g the use of the extensive railways now i br ';. - pool 0 10:, country, to the amount of 90,000/.--ir w ipg WHALE FISHERY.—The ships, bound to Davis' Straits, sailed f r°° Feri efle r tle t. i ' these several slates : viz., On the 2,1 inst. sh e Ab e el o p of Peterhead ; on the 3d, the Middieton, urraee sth, the Lord Gambier, of Hull ; 6t , h ' ne Peterhead ; Lady Jane, of Newcastle; ' l4 rte, and Elizabeth, both of Hull; and, on t•hebleW of Aberdeen. From the 6th to the Sib it . b e ces,,, l , S.S.E. to S., so that these vessels to ug : h t he v ,"ipiri advanced on their destination. On the 8 ` 0 ,1.0 01 .0J Bay, of Newcastle, Phcenir, of of Hull, Davis' Straits wbale-fishing "'JP Stromness. that the t t° (/ We are not surprised to hear wh i c h o o f in general abuse " Aims and Ends.' Go olo I.VhitbYt (as Lord BYRON asks) ever liked DE Quarterly Review. d e, BIBTHS• ol ft' On the 9.lst inst. in Devonshire -place, the laaY Colonel White, of a ' daughter. 31 BRIED • 1-1010 0 . Jr On the 23d inst. at Shrewsbury, Thomas lieurL.rops. j eldest son of John Thomas Hope, E.sq., of Netle, f," tt ide p Louisa Charlotte, eldest daughter of Francis ICnr- Esq., of Shrewsbury. DIED. On the 22,1 'inst., Maria, w ife of Can''' . 0 Wilto n-p, Belgrae.sare, ar , cd 42. _ vO O On th lac e2tl in qu in Upper Bedford -place, Thomas Neale, Esq , aged 70. i y 140 °. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY MU D Y 0 •••• - Sim OFFICE, STEA R M', LOP118:* EAST THE C UNIT GLA ND htrebt, • That " ° E ill he held a i ?, the 30tI s at' s ix in CT01:/ 111 ES STIoi EAST T H E C Ler e b v gw e N That PANy va b I t h ai t e for i enom ' v' l°4 lll 4 11 A nn wt .e d •, 4 , 1 Til•, t t , A oe