The Sun. — London, England, 1833-06-18 00:00:00

- rnea I to to 3. because of the infieence and power it gave to Pattyie itrl and to f ac ti on i n cases where ,justice only ought to b"vn•—(flear, hear.) Their Lordships might per :Pa think that he hal treated that part of the subject at li' o n _ e t s nessaly length, an d t oo ser i ous ly, f or p ro b a bl y t h e were not acquainted with the extent to which the . would op era t e . H e wou ld, t h ere f ore, po i nt out I ape in some part i culars, and he might do so with t:ni4;c degr ee of confidence, as he had paid much at %allot) to inquiring into the fact. lie found, then, third under this Bill as it at present stood two p er . or nearly two- thirds, of the business of the au-' Th l . °' Courts would he transferred to the local Courts. wa :t was a fact that ought not to he lost sight of ; but it ns r no , all. Every case of libel or defamatin could be the to those local Courts, Such must bet}e effect of in ; for if th ere was an act i on f or lib e l b roug h t i n a no l l ' i ' p i nr Court, and the damages were under 50/., tie y lall not carry costs. The consequence would be that tr' d e '?" wherein the damagee were not definite would be ,-tt;,,ln these new Courts. And would they present such t ia n 'llnal as a case of libel ought to be submitted to? ah i 4 n r i edly not. What! try a libel in the very district in lestca tt was committed before a Judge and a Jury real oa Berk n the spot, and likely therefore to be acquainted tally and m ore or It sa mixed up with the circutn tta of the case? What! would his Noble and Friend recommend such a course; and further, t he Jury should be composed of only six common •(Hear.) Were their Lordships prepared to such an innovation? and would such a measure the sanction and authority of his Noble and Friend ?—(Hear, hear.) But this was not all; action of false imprisonment must be tried before local Courts. That must be the case, because the were not fixed, and every party, for the chance ity, would appeal to a Court where the smallest would carry with them costs. Suppose a magic the discharge of his duty had committed an error, said to have done so, would any one contend that these local Courts would present a fit tribunal be ,''hom the case ought to be tried ? A Court consti of a Judge resident in the district in which the of action oi iginated, and, in all probability, either 'lend or the opponent of the magistrate, and six jurors, all also belonging to the same district, it be said that to such a tribunal such a case ought to 'red ?—( Hear.) He bad stated these cases for the of bringing before their Lordships some of the / effects of the Bill. It was true that his Noble , reed Friend had recommended the measure as to enable persons to recover debts, but that was Partial view of the effects of the measure. What t he great argument against the system 'of Welch That system had been opposed by the Noble now sitting at the table, and who when he opposed a Member of the House of Commons, on the ground ' t had led to conflicting and uncertain practice, and ' the same Judge always going the saute circuit a bad arisen that they were not above partiality liar predilections. Nor was the Noble Earl the only „ e a upon the occasion who had used similar arguments. h ," C n• Member of the House of Commons, and one " u ch ir,flu,nee and power in debate, bad gone far d eeply into detail, and had pictured also the evils of system of judicature, and contrasted the suspicion upon the Welch Judges, a suspicion necessarily out of the system, with the pure and unblemished of the twelve Jud a es of England, upon whose said the speaker he referred to, there was not even low of a shade. Doubtless their Lordships would the style; it was even that of his Noble and • Friend now sitting on the Woolsack, and to his and Learned Friend he appealed for support in his . to the Bill under consideration.—(Hear, hear.) abolish the system of Welch judicature, because it I inferior Judges, conflicting decisions, a variety . of practice, and suspicions against the purity Ages, and yet establish provincial Courts through kingdom upon the very principle and with the very nu much complained of in the exploded system? such would not be the case. But, said his Noble led Friend, this Bill was only an experiment. He c onfess that he looked upon the Bill with great jet- The former Bill was specific. It limited the of the experiment to two counties, to Kent and . county. The present Bill was not specific. power to the Crown—that was, to the Ministers Crown—to try the experiment in whatever districts p l eased. The Bill, therefore, was nominally only an tot, for all the power was taken out of the hands iatnent and transferred to the Ministers of the • When, therefore, he saw the specific language 'tied for this general language, he could not but that a more general operation was contemplated a mere ex periment.—(Hear, hear.) His Noble and Friend hail referred to the existence of local into tither countries. It was true that they had ex- France for several years, and he would entreat of of their Lordships who had not already done so to to any French legal authority on the subject, and Would find that the local Courts were invariably ad as partial, conflicting, and most unsatisfact or y. dd his Noble and Learned Friend, they have been nearer home—they have been tried in Scotland. a that the system had been tried in Scotland hear, hear.) It was true a portion of the system tried in Scotland, and perhaps it would work tnough if purified and improved ; but he had the of his Noble and Learned Friend for saying that iitherto worked most vilely.—(Hear, and a laugh.) dale arid Learned Lord then referred to a speech the House of Commons by Mr. C. Fergusson de ' t he whole of the Scotch system. If the present tl• interminable written pleadings were done away !°, the Scotch Courts the system propos e d i n th e °is Noble and Learned Friend might he tried in it not without ; and he contended th.t hitherto it I been tried there. He had to apologise to their for trespassing upon them with some reference tad been the effect of the application of the prier this Bill to legislation elsewh e re. Capt a i n H a il, no 111, 4 e g of the United States, said— , a tlfr e j ,Principles of hinging justice home to every man's ,„00`; 1 S l ta t ,'„.of making the administration of it cheap, have had . a 3 " - ',unent in America, and greater practical curses I will cegf . jer say were never . inflicte o d ne on aw a a n v y w c i o t r t a r lrthe ln te t c i n e . d hit s v o n f ns t v e vai l l a i v a ,. they n i e ra re ve d are no stamps, no techni bereol special pleadings, and scarcely any one is so f poor re 0„„ ti a c Zloi. go to law. The coniellieircse of course c a o s u c r e s n e e Jal o a m w o i r i n i i o n g t_o ag night. villagecontaining above two or three hun preoF4ll Rabliants is without one or more. No pg o son,pe n h e is ve t a lt ;la t ri , a o r e, c t on o ci tn7a t win suits.lw ha s t er it va m n i s y, liasbofruereers, them every one in it .; ,5 t ..ti e e first occasion flies to tile nc o 'ighb o ring ji l4w i. ) , • , e nzi r i o se r c e A b p gz 4 , l .l o ,l _i_T o a n ce is t e o ve c r ol c ir e enr of andactl n i aw - must decide every lei go at N' th th e f ilf , \ l e n there were no technicalities, and his Noble and I° 0 0 ,Is t Friend was adverse to technicalities. Here also o. o ole ~,tre P tella requiring no stamps, and his Noble and to ~, ‘C' P rime' was adverse to stamps. Here also was t 4 1 ,• „r 0 '4 one of special pleading ; y e t, wi th a ll th ose pecu - F reff th tue system, and they all represented those of the O rs thei r L or d s hips, it wou ld b e p erce i ve d t h it the le ofAt(ill'ere totally different from those anticipated by the 1 4 ,0 0 .'l 4 te A t of this measure. The consequence of this sys- P r ", t erf N i i,`‘lnerica, as stated by Captain Hall, was that the ,a t 0 1 4 1 ota of that country were always at law. There rl cl • A ra „ age or small community without a lawyer, nor " c o , ui 3' community of two hundred persons without one. 4e a ais l ,' ll i 3 pute there was terminated, if terminated at all, an?' ' S uc h was the spirit °I litigation there that when tilts th e ,"a o t hs t narnenced, there was no chance of compromising or 11 0' Vunodation, but the law must be allowed to take its ite Ile mentioned these circumstances in ord e r to eh ° at t a O Rte of the observations of his Noble and Learned Va in order t o sho w th e i r L or d s hip s w h a t was t h e Ji heel Mt °l' ° Paration of th e principl e s o f th e B i ll o f th e N o bl e cou o ' l ,.. r ned Lord. Having referred to these instances of the consequences of the application of these prim e iee o 09 4 '4 45 legislati on he would beg leave to call their Lot d tia k io • k e tlon to a few general objections which L e mean t " fit ir ti t ° the Bill. Th e y we re all aware how em i nen t „II e j ra, bar had always been for their incependence o do of N ri 'ftestedness, as well as for their talent and legal re : 1 10,, ge • The members of that profession had always - 13 °'4, c1 as barriers against the encroachments of ar ;t-fr° r'''t, v c4 ‘er, and let not their Lordships doubt but that th e s , also, if ever it was necessary, stand forth as Jo a o resist republicanism and democracy.—( Cheers.) c a ef o , t., f arlt took away from W es tmi ns ter the greater f , a l the profession, or if they took away from them , P . " r Y Which nowpossessed of acquiring legal I) , re ite • they P P ‘\ l li ,t , ,lt would deteriorate th a t p ro f e ssion, which was c lraP '• 1 / l uguished for learning, t a l en t, and indepen ,ac ' 4, 4 diroinishing the circuits or the practice at the t ra 14 1 us there would be taken away from tie bar Ord 'gal kn ow l e d ge w hi c h qualified barristers to fill O f e l, 1 a 1 Y 1 ,;9 4 , of jud Therao administer the laws of the t;n ; : ti t n effect. g- . Lordship ought to recollect (tb Vai n Fta were invariably chosen from the bar, and yll ar t u est judicial office in the State, that of Lord ePbe yf t h' Was supplied from the same source. It was, o f i ti fk t i li e greatest importance that the bar should have vic e e I,,ts Are of acquiring legal information, but all these j e cl of f • inciterm ld be taken away by this new system. Let r, ° e a 1,,1ta 4 a Judge, say of ten years' experience, how i4'74,l:t in his profession ; let them, he said, but send ttli e t aa 'a t k e ': to the country where he was to reside, with of i d Ot 4 , with his equals in legal acquirements, and bta t , 4 . tie would become deficient it be did not be ‘tlt of law. In short he had no doubt but that r b" it 81° ' hie 01 the ne ltrY 61 i Self 10: the consequences of this new system would be that none but the lowest attorneys would be found practising in those local courts. By this course the bar would be injured, the judges would be of inferior character, and there could be no dependence upo❑ the judicial authorities of the country. He was sure he did not overcharge the picture ; and, if he could exercise the eloquence of his Noble and Learned Friend, he would make their Lordships shudder at the idea of the evils that would ultimately follow from the adoption of this measure. There was another view of the subject which he thought well worthy of conside ration, namely, the expense of carrying this Bill into operation. According to the estimate of his Noble and Learned Friend it would cost 150,0001. ; but according to the estimate of others, who were practical men, it would cost at least 200,0001. or 800,0001. He admitted that too high a price could not he paid for the effectual admi nistration of justice ; but this much he would say, that the amount named, or, indeed, any amount, was too much to pay for such tribunals as were to be created by this Bill. In his view of the case there was no necessity for so great an expenditure. But, if an expense were to be incurred, why not apply it to the improvement of those tribunals that were already in existence? In what way was it that his Noble and Learned Friend proposed to cheapen the administration of justice ? It was, first, by abolishing pleadings ; then interlocutory pleadings ; and lastly, by changing the mode of trial. In the first place, it was said that there would be necessity for the usu II pre liminary process and pleadings. If, then, such a change was good in local Courts, why not establish it at West minster Hall? If such a system were wise, why not en graft it upon that which was practised in Westminster Hall? As to the wisdom of it, it was true that regula tions had been already made to limit the extent of plead ings, and to bring litigant parties to an issue. Having, done that, and he hoped with some good effect, they would by the adoption of this Bill be only retrograding back to the old system. The second stage of proceeding with which his Noble and Learned Friend interfered was that of interlocutory proceedings. Now be would take upon himself to assert that these must be always cheaper in London than in local districts. In the litter there would be often, if not always, a difficulty in finding a Judge. The country attorney would, upon the most trivial occasion, have to take his horse and go perhaps several miles in quest of one, and this, of course, must be done in the country, as compared with London, at a vast increase of expense. The third and last stage referred to was that of trial, the expenses of which consisted prin cipally of fees to the officers of the Court. These ex penses could be easily diminished or abolished by adopting the suggestion of the Noble and Learned Lord that they should be paid by the Government, or, what was better, perhaps, that they should not be paid at all, as by late regulations they belonged principally to the public, and therefore they could he easily abolished altogether. His Noble and Learned Friend said that the expenses of witnesses would be considerably diminished by this Bill. Possibly the experience of practice in large counties had induced his Noble and Learned Friend to conclude that the expenses of witnesses were equally great through. out all England, whereas it was well known that in some instances the assize towns were not more than twenty or thirty miles asunder; but if even they were more distant, and that witnesses had to travel too long journeys, the inconvenience and expense might be obviated by a subdivision of the counties. His Noble and Learned Friend then said that witnesses were kept too long a time and with great expense at the several Assizes. This might be the case in some parts of the Northern Cir cuit, but the evils did not exist in other parts of England. In Derbysh;re, Leicestershire, and other places that he knew, witnessrs could never be kept in waiting more than two days. But, even if the evil were general, it could be easily remedied by increasing the number of Assizes. There were at present only two Assizes held in the year; and he was free to admit that the period which elapsed between the Summer and Spring Assizes, generally about eight months, was too long. This objection, too, might be easily obviated. Let there, he would say, be three Assizes in the year, rather than introduce this mischievous measure. These were the means which he would pro pose for effecting amendment in the present judicial system, and he would leave it to their Lordships to decide be tweets his views and the propositions of his Noble and Learned Friend. He was willing to adopt the establish ment of a summary jurisdiction in the recovery of small amounts, and he would extend such a measure throughout the country, and apply it to sums beyond W. He would not enter upon the details of the measure ; but before he sat down be wished to state to their Lordships two or three instances of what would be the practical operation of this Bill. A party, for instance, having a cause of action, might, as he had a perfect right to do, bring such action into a superior Court. But before the trial came on his principal witnesses might die, or he might refuse to attend, and in such case the plaintiff would lose his costs, and be otherwise subject to great injustice. He would lose his coats if it should happen that he on:y got a verdict for 191. This would be the state under the new system, though under the existing law, as altered upon the recom mendation of Commissioners, the Judge would have a dis cretionary power of giving or refusing costs. The LORD CHANCELLOR said that there was one line omitted in the printed copy of the Bill the insertion of which would meet his objection. Lord LYNDHURST was nor aware of that circum stance ; but there were still sufficient inconveniences likely to arise out of this measure. He should mention another of them. Suppose a house at Liverpool furnished goods to a person residing in any other county of Eng. land. The firm in Liverpool, if they had to sue for the value of the goods, would have to bring the action in the county in which the debtor resided. The debtor could insist upon the attendance of all the parties before the Judge, and if the debt were only 151. or 9.01. the cre ditors would sooner forego their demand tha❑ incur a larger sum in the attempt to recover it. Again, sup pose that a plaintiff had obtained judgment and exe cution, and to have obtained possession of the debtor's property, there was no clause in the Bill which called him to account for any balance which he might have in hand. Another case :—A cre ditor brought his action, but found that the property of the debtor had been transferred, arid that a fraud, which the creditor could not remedy, was practised. If a debtor found that he was about to be sued, he could get a friendly creditor to bring an action, and take almost im mediate possession of his property, and thus completely defeat the bone _fide creditor. He mentioned these cir- cumstauces merely to illustrate the principles and practical operation of this Bill, and at the same time lie admitted that nothing was easier than to find fault and raise ob jections against any system, however perfect.—(Hear, hear.) His Noble and Learned Friend, in adverting to Courts of Reconcilement, well knew that such a jurisdic tion had been unsuccessful i❑ almost all the countries of Europe in which it was tried. It had failed in Geneva and several other countries; indeed his Noble and Learned Friend had admitted it had failed everywhere, except in Denmark and Sweden ; but the rule in these two countries was that a man could not go into a superior Court until he had first tried the Court of Reconcilement, which practice was entirely inconsistent with the principles of this Bill, and therefore foreign to the argument. He sin cerely thanked their Lordships for the kind attention with which they had listened to him. He had no personal or party views to promote by a discussion of the subject, which was one that ought to be considered calmly and impartially, and without any admixture of party feeling. —(Hear.) Indeed it was not a party question, and he sincerely toped it would never be made a party question. —(Hear.) He had looked over the Bill attentively, and be had bestowed great care in considering what would be its consequences, and, believing as he (lid that they would -3e most mischievous, he could not, in justice to himself, in justice to the Bar, and, more than all ; in justice to the country, but raise his bumble voice in opposition to it.— (Cheers.) The Noble and Learned Lord then moved that the Bill be committed that day three months. The LORD CHANCELLOR, having stated the ques tion, " That the words proposed to be left out stand part of the question," and having waited some time without any other Noble Lord rising, observed that, considering the circumstances, he felt himself under the necessity of soliciting some short space of time for the purpose of reply ing to the statements of his Noble and Learned Friend, which their Lordships had just heard —statements more full of overlooking of facts respecting the Bill to which his Noble and Learned Friend objected —more full of over- looking of party, respecting the report of those facts by the Commission, alio on which this Bill had been founded —more full of inadvertencies, he was quite sure uninten- ional on the part of his Noble and Learned Friend —state- went and arguments more full of these inadvertencies, he (the Lord Chancellor) did not think he had ever heard, either from the Noble and Learned Laid himself, or from any other Member of either Ifouse of Parliament. He had stated a large proposition ; but he thought that he could adduce evidence which would show that it was nut too large. The first statement of his Noble and Learned iend was somewhat staggering to him (Lord Brougham), viz., that the Learned Commissioners—(Hera the Noble and Learned Lord, in consequence, we believe, of some in. terruption, observed)—He ought to apologise to the Huube for addressing it so early, as it was the usual courtesy— (Hear)—for a Noble Lord who proposed a motion, to deter his reply until other Noble Lords had bad time to deliver their sentiments; but after putting the question, and seeing that no Noble Lord stood up, and after pausing some time, and when the House was about to come to a vote, he had no other course to pursue according to th e orders of the House, and he would now endeavour, there fore, to reply to the arguments of his Noble and Learned Friend. His Noble and Learned Friend had staggered him by his statement that the Commissioners were not unanimous in their approval of the measure founded upon their report, for that one of them dissented with respect to the provi sions of the Act. If his Noble and Learned Friend had condescended to look to their own statements, he would have been able to perceive that the signatures of all the Commissioners had been appended to them. Lord LYNDHURST asserted that one of them did not approve of the extent to which it was intended to proceed. The LORD CHANCELLOR said he understood, at all events, that all the signatures were affixed to the re port ; that no charge so giave had yet been heard as all those whose hands were appended did not consent to all the propositions in the report ; and he knew that all the five Commissioners had agreed to the report. He was satisfied, then, that all of them assented to the propositions in the Bill, for they only went to the same length as the report. The next was mere fringe. The amount to which the local jurisdictions were to extend their powers was the same (201.) as recommended by the Commissioners, and they were to he limited to the extent of the exceptions mentioned by the Commissioners. In some cases he (Lord Brougham) had not gone so far as was recommended, as in the case of actions of ejectment directed against tenants for claims of 201. It was provided also that no question might he raised in these Courts relative to the rights to freehold and copyhold property. There were several other points in which the Bill fell short of the recommendations of the Commissionere. The only points to which he could suppose that his Noble and Learned Friend intended to advert were those respecting execution and reconcilement. With regard to these, any alteration which might be deemed advisable might be made in Committee. His Noble and Learned Friend had made a statement which he confessed had astonished him (Lord Brougham), for he had asserted that Government had been de cided on legislating upon this subject by the opi nions of certain merchants and bankers, who were so tainted with prejudices, so little capable of giving a clear opinion upon the subject, that some of them were for establishing commercial tribunals like those of France, others for abolishing the Insolvent Act altogether; so that, in short, no reliance whatever was to be placed on their opinions. Excellently well this argument would be, if his Majesty's Ministers had ever relied upon their views or upon their sentiments for ascertaining the proper course for remedying the evils by which they had suffered ; but Government only referred to them to explain the grievances under which they suffered. He had been accused of de scribing these persons as objects cf prey. He wondered, when that Noble and Learned Lord, who was so strong an advocate for Westminster Hall, in the exercise of that candour which lie professed, if he recollected so well that he (Lord Brougham) had made use of the terms to which he had alluded, that he had not trusted to these as legislators or as advisers, but as sufferers ; and who were more proper to explain the difficulties under which they laboured than those who were exposed to lose by the sys tem as it at present existed? Who could be better wit nesses in such a c ise? Every one of these was a better witness than the Noble Lord himself, on any of that jea lousy of talent to which he had referred. The Noble and Learned Lord had spoken of the great body of the law, by which one might suppose he meant that most disin terested class of men who live by the law, including not only judges, registrars, clerks, train-bearers, mace bearers, &c. &c,, but above all, the barristers, whe ther of town or country, solicitors, attorneys, attor neys' and solicitors' clerks, and so forth. This must be imagined to be the body to which the Noble and Learned Lord referred, notorious, certainly as it was, for its talent and skill, and dexterity in getting out of dif ficulties. But no, that was not the thing. These quali ties, so eminently possessed by that body, all were willing to admire ; the community at [urge allowed them such praises as these to the most boundless extent. It was not their pure disinteres , edness, their abrogation of all feeling of self; it was not on these that his Noble and Learned Friend rested this pane7,yric on the great body of the law; but on this—on the doctrine that the moment when any one should propose a reform of the law, the moment when any change was to be effected which would tend to ditni nish the profits of lawyers—the moment when any alte ration was to be introduced which would affect their inte rests, even in the greatest degree, with the very least de gree of advantage to the people, then the people might lay their account—that the lawyers would be the very last to oppose the innovation—th .t it was as difficult for the phi losopher of old, with his lanthorn, to discover au honest man, as it would he to discover it lawyer opposing in such a case, anything which prejudiced his interests. The lawyers, he should have expected, so far from being wil ling to take up arms against this first beneficial change, would be ready, with open arms, to receive it. In that pure and disinterested feeling, one would have supposed, however much their profits may be dimi nished, that cheap, near, and speedy justice would have united all their wishes ; but lo! in opposition to this pure and disinterested feeling, somewhat em barras-ingly fur him (for he could not account for the con tradiction), came the Noble and Learned Lord to move an amendment, that the consideration of this measure for cheap, near, and speedy justice, should he adjourned to that day three months. He (Lord Brougham) was most wil ling to admit that the profession of the law was generally submitted to much unmerited obloquy; but he would add, because it was the result of long experience, that the great body of the law is against every change, until it is forced upen them by necessity; that they are behind the great body of the community ; that they lag behind the age in the views of improvement; that though this feeling is not shared equally by all, yet those who were the highest in the law, those who shared the most in good things, shared also the most in this had thing, and that the Judges of the land had the largest portion of the prejudices against inno vation. He did not mean to say that this feeling was natural. It was not to be supposed that men who had spent a great portion of their lives in acquiring a certain descrip tion of knowledge, would be willing to abandon even the inintiti st portion of that knowledge—that they would be willing to burn any portion of their books, however small. However capable such conduct might be of extenuation, he believed that such would he the result of the experience of any one who had the slightest expo_ rience in the thankless, and he would often say the fruit less, field of law. His Noble and Learned Friend had also alluded to the great advantage of adhering to the present system, and to the disadvantages and mischievous effects of introducing innovations; and he alluded—particularly al luded—to that which he described as a great advantage— the centralising of the jurisdiction of Courts. He argued on this point as if he supposed that it was intended to take away from the Courts in Westminster Hall the chief su perintendence of the course of justice in England—than which no supposition could be more unfounded. It was still intended that the Courts of Westminster Hall should have the power of regulating those inferior jurisdictions; there was still to be an appeal ; there was still sufficient in the scheme proposed to secure that uniformity in the decisions of points which was so much insisted upo❑ by the Noble and Learned Lord, and which was certainly so desirable. The Noble Lord argued as if these Courts were to have an entirely independent power; but in all matters ' of law—in all cases of misdirection of a Judge—or any others of a similar nature, it was provided that an appeal should be made to the Courts in Westminster Hall. It was true, that in cases of actions for sums of 201. or under, when the question respected merely matters of fact, there was no such appeal ; but there was no innovation in point of fact upon the present question; for it had been found that the costs upon appeals of this nature necessarily exceeded the amount of the debt claimed, and the conse quence was, that the Court, as a melsure of mercy to the suitor, had adopted it as a rule to refuse, in such caws, all applications for new trials—( Hear, hear)—so that its real practice would not be altered, although its form would he changed. His Noble and Learned Friend had also alluded to the great extent of the defalcation of business to lawyers employed in Westminster Hall, as well as at the Assizes. He (the Lord Chancellor) would not pretend to argue with any man who was to make facts tor himself ; but the Noble Lord bad chosen in this case to beg the question ; for he had assumed that two •thirds of the business would be taken away from the Courts of Westminster and the Assizeq, and consequently taken from the hands of the most respaciable part of the Bar. 01 ninety writs for deits, only one third had been for debts under 201. There was, therefore, a mistake in saying two-thirds of the business would be taken away. Lord LYNDHURST observed, that be had only alluded to trials and not to writs. The LORD CHANCELLOR said be knew that, He knew whom he had to deal with, and he had come pre pared to show that the proportion was pretty nearly the same in the case of trials. He held in his hand an ac count of the trials at the London and Middlesex Sessions, the result of which was, that about one third were for sums of 201. or under. There were 330 of the latter description out of 890. Even for the Oxford Circuit, in which the proportion was large, it was less than half, being 160 out of 310 ; and that was of course under the proportion stated by his Noble and Learned Friend—a proportion which he utterly denied to hold good in any One instance. But he was sure that the Local Courts would not diminish the business of the higher dam at the Bar, even in that small proportion, if What prevented many suitors from going be the Assizes with their actions, but the certainty of the delay which would Occur, and the risk that the case would not be tried at all ? The Noble and Learned Lord knew very well that many cases were left untried at the assizes, because there was always too much business to be done. The first day or two business was done with great care, and went on slowly ; but he did not think that the same could be said of the last part of the assizes. He (Lord Brougham) knew from his former practice, and his Noble and Learned Friend knew from his constant present ex perience —and he did not mean to say that it arose from the conduct of the Judges, but from that of the profes sional men—that the business, towards the close of the assizes, was always hurried on in a manner very different from that which was pursued in the early part of it. The expense of keeping witnesses, and the danger of the cases being left as rem nets, had a tendency to cause the pro fessional men to hurry on the proceedings in the last por tion of the Term which was ope❑ to them. If by this Bill trifling trumpery actions for 5/., 101., or 151. were removed from the cause paper, more time would be allowed for the investigation and decision of matters of the gravest importance to the parties or to the country, and it would not then he necessary to defer cases to the next assizes. He agreed that nothing ought to be in troduced that would tend to degrade the bar, but at the same time he most positively denied that such could be the effect of the present enactment. His Noble and Learned Friend had endeavoured to throw some ridicule on the provision that only barristers of ten years standing and upwards were to be appointed Judges in the Local Courts, as if that ware the only qualification, and omitting all mention of talents, kerning, and integrity, without which no man would be eligible. No Minister would dare to recommend the appointment of an improper person, re collecting that he was liable to the ordeal of public opinion, that he acted under Parliamentary responsibility, and, above all, that he was liable to the scrutiny of Westminster Hall. His Noble and Learned Friend had adverted to the evils of the abolished Welch Judge system ; but they would only very partially apply to this case, and the Commis sioners especially dwelt on the advantages of local judges counterbalancing the admitted disadvantages. His Noble and Learned Friend had most unfairly perverted an area merit, he (Lord B.) had used in the House of Commons, founded upon the practice in Scotland ; for, with all the defects of the system there, it was impossible not to envy the people of that country the benefit they enjoyed of trials in the Sheriffs' Courts. The Commissioners, and the framers of this Bill, wise by experience, and uninfluenced by temporary clamour, or particular interests, had expressly excluded from the Bill those cases which were most liable to objection in the Sheriffs' Courts of Scotland. He went entirely with his Noble and Learned Friend i❑ the opinion he had expressed, that in all amendments cf the law, it was most material not to lower the character of the profession : but if he had thought with him, that the business at the assizes would fill off to nothing, or that it would he most importantly reduced in Westminster-hall, he (Lord 13,) would have taken no part in the intro duction of the measure under discussion. He trusted he had satisfied their Lordships that, instead of there being no controlling power in Westminster-hall, there would be a constant and systematic control of the proceedings of local courts. Front a sincere attachment to, and respect for, that renowned body of men—the bar of England—he would do nothing inconsistent with their best and truest interests; but he contended that this measure would in no respect lower the character, or indeed interfere with the just emoluments of the illustrious and virtuous commu nity. His Noble and Learned Friend afterwards made himself merry, if not the House, by his reference to the proposed courts of reconcilement, which he was pleased, and very much pleased, to call a scheme, and a crotchet with their appropriate e-pithets. Lord LYNDHURST interposed, and said that he had called it a fanciful project, and no more. The LORD CHANCELLOR aid not see any material difference, and it would be no ill definition of a crotchet to say it was a fanciful project. Although the plan might be new to British jurisprudence, it was idle to oppose it merely on the ground that it had been tried in other countries, especially if in those countries it had perfectly succeeded. If in Holland, Belgium, Geneva, and Lau sanne, the experiment had failed, though only partially attempted, it might form some objection : but the fact was, that even there it had been adopted with advantage, while in Denmark and Norway it had met with the ut most success. Be:ides at least it would he attended in England with this benefit, that the trial would have been made, and, if it did no good, which be was far from be lieving, it was utterly impossible that it could do harm. In the two countries to which he had referred, as ap peared by authentic returns, 72,000 suits had been brought into the Courts of Reconcilement, and of those no less than 413,000 had bee❑ there finally settled. Taking a particular year, 1823 for instance, of 30,000 suits, 21,000 had been decided to the satisfaction of the parties in the Courts of Reconcilement. They had been esta blished in 1796, and in that year the business of the other courts was reduced one third ; the beneficial effect, however, was permanent, and, in nearly the same proportion ; and this, he apprehended, would be about the extent of the diminution of business in Westminster Hall. He apologised to their Lordships for detaining them at so much length, but they would recollect that he was placed in a peculiar as well as a difficult situation, for he was called upon to defend not only himself and the Bill, but the commissioners, in whose report it had originated. Of all of them he would say that they were men not given to change, and of four of them that their disposition seas in favour of no reform but that of the law ; on this account, therefore, they would recommend themselves to the atten tion and respect of many of their Lords!iips, and particu larly of his Noble and Learned Friend. Even as law re formers, they were scrupulous and timid, although, being in favour of some reform, they event beyond his Noble and Learned Friend ; and, for this reason, were looked upon by him with all the horror of ultra-reformers. His Noble and Learned Friend had asserted that all Westminster Hall was opposed to the Bill, while only the five commissioners were in favour of it;' which was, only in other terms, to say that all who had not inquired objected, and all who had thoroughly investigated the subject supported. therefore, which he did not by any means believe, Wes minster Hall was opposed to the change, there was . _ . one little spot—one .oasis of the profession of a con trary opinion. Let it not be forgotten also that the commissioners were the very persons to whom his Noble and Learned Friend had appealed, and by whose judgment he had almost professed himself ready to be bound. God forbid that Westminster Hall should not flourish. God forbid that there should not be ample business at the As- sizes; but common sense required, if indeed justice did not clamour for it, that the great shame, the notorious scandal, the odious opproprium, of our juridical system should be removed, as hundreds upon hundreds were una ble to obtain justice. No roan living could be bold enough to deny that, for debts of a certain amount, and for wrongs of a certain description, Courts of Justice were barred in the face of the subjects of the Crown of England; that to ta'k of justice was a mere mockery, unless men bad net only money in their pockets, but folly in their heads to induce them to throw it away. A small number of pounds was a serious consideration to a poor man, but there was something worse than this he had to endure—be meant the intolerable sense of wrong, and the inability to obtain right." The Courts cried out, " Come hither and obtain justice." Judges exclaimed, "You have an illustrious Bar—come to us under its guidance and protection ;" but when the poor man listened to the voice and obeyed it, he found he was injured instead of bring redressed, and what began in wrong ended in ruin. It teas to relieve them from this feeling, and to remove the stain from our juris prudence, that this measure had been advised and matured. As to the charge brought against him, that one great ob ject of his introducing this Bill was the gain of patronage —(Lord Lyndhutet made sonic observation)—he must say the circumstances of the case showed how little foundation there was for that charge. He had proposed a Bill which it was said would give him enormous patronage. He had consented at once to let it go to the Commissioners, to be delayed for some mouths, and now he only introduced it as an experiment in two counties, nor would it be extended to ally other till it had been proved to be successful in its operation in them. He apologised to their Lordships for having troubled them at such length, but he thought that this debate ought not to be allowed to close without his justifying the grounds on which he bad introduced the measure, and stating the reasons that now made hint con fidently call for the support of their Lordships in passing it. The LORD CHANCELLOR then put the question, " That tile Nouse do now; go into Committee," with a simple negative, and declared " the Contents" had it. Lord LYNDHURST said that was not the question, and mentioned his amendment. The LORD CHANCELLOR then put the question, 4 4 That the words proposed to be left out stand part of the question," and declared " the Contents" had it. There was a call for a division, for which the galle ry was cleartd, but none took place. The House, on our return, went into Committee on the Bill, and some clauses were agreed to. It was ordered to be recommitted on Friday next. ADVERTISEMENTS. Tl:e Stamp Doty Ad vert i sements Bi ll went t h rough a Committee. QUAKERS' AFFIRMATION BILL. On the motion of the Duke of RICHMOND, their I z Lordships Were ordered to be summoned for Tisursdit when this 13111 was to come under discussion. Adjourned at ten o'clock till ten to morrow (this) morning. HOUSE OF COMMONS, JUNE 17. The SPEAKER. resumed his seat at five o'clock. On the motion of Sir R. FERGUSON, the writ for a new election for the borough of Warwick was ordered to be suspended until Monday, July 1. Mr. CHAPMAN brought in a Bill to repeal the final enactments relative to marriages by Roman Catholic cler gymen. Read a first time, and ordered to be read a second titne on the 28th inst. and to be printed. FACTORIES LABOUR REGULATION BILL. Lord ASHLEY moved the order of th. day for the second reading of the Factories Labour Regulation Bill. The order of the day having been read, Lord ALTHORP said it was not his intention to op pose the second reading of the Bill ; he agreed that there should be a restriction in the period of labour for children in factories. The report of the Commissioners was not yet ready to be laid on the table of the House; and indeed the evidence was so voluminous that the report could not be laid on the table until next week. The Bill, however, could be read a second time, and the report read in the Com mittee on the Bill. It was the opinion of the Commis sioners that the Bill did not even go far enough, as far as some of the restrictions went. Lord ASHLEY did not understand precisely to what extent the Noble Lord agreed. Lord ALTHORP said he meant to observe that he considered it necessary that a protection be given to chil dren under the age of 14, but not at present to interfere with the labour of adults. In stating that, he was also stating the opinion of the Commissioners, viz., that the labour of children under the age of 14 should be re stricted to eight hours.—(Hear, hear.) Lord ASHLEY hoped that the Noble Lord would not consider that he (Lord Ashley) was bound to the principle laid down by the Noble Lord except as to limiting the hours of hbour for children littler 14 years of age to eight hours a day. His intention in moving the second reading of the Bill was to conciliate the opponents of the Bill by withdrawing the most obnoxious clauses—( Hear)—and to reserve to himself the power hereafter to introduce a more perfect measure. His great object had been to obtain the affirmation of the great principle of the Bill. He wished to know whether the Noble Lord would promise that the evidence taken before the Com missioners would be not only laid on the table, but printed and circulated in sufficient time ; he had a strong objection to the manner in which the evidence bad been taken, and he knew from letters he had received that great dissatis faction prevailed as to the mode by which the evidence had been taken. Lord ALTHORP suggested whether it was not better to wait until the report was printed, which would be done as speedily as possible. After a short conversation across the table, in which Lord ASHLEY, Mr. POULETT THOMSON, and Lord AL THORP took part, the Bill was read a second time, and ordered to be committed in a Committee of the whole House on Friday se'nnight. On the motion of Mr. C. GRANT, a deputation was named to confer, immediately, with the Lords on the subject of the East India Charter. Among the Members who retired for that purpose were Mr. Robert Gordon, Mr. Grant, the Solicitor-General, Lord John Russell, Lord Ashley, Mr. Jarvis, Mr. Littleton, Mr. Spring Rice, Lord G. Somerset, Mr. Barnard, and Mr. Finn. Mr. C. GRANT brought up the report from the Lords, but he read it under the gallery in so low a voice, that it could not be heard by us. Colonel WOOD presented a petition from the Arch deaconry and clergy of Brecknock, against the Irish Church Temporalities Bill. IRISH CHURCH TEMPORALITIES BILL. Upon the motion of Lord ALTHORP, the Speaker put the motion that be should leave the Chair, and the whole House resolved itself into a Committee upon the Church Temporalities Bill. Mr. SHAW put a question respecting the 19th clause of the Bill (as was understood), but both the nature of the question, and the reply of Lord Althorp were com pletely inaudible. The Ministerial clause was then passed. On the question that the twentieth clause should stand a Fart of the Bill, Mr. SHAW suggested that the salaries paid to assist ant curates, should be deducted from the amount of in comes of such rectors as paid them, before those salaries were subjected to any charges. Sir ROBERT PEEL supported the suggestion, and said that a few words might be easily devised to guard against the possibility of abuse. After a few words from Mr. STANLEY, Mr. PRYME, and Mr. WYNN, Lord ALTHORY was understood to con cede to such an amendment, and the clause was then passed, with a few verbal alterations. The twenty-first clause was passed without any dissent. On the twenty-second, Mr. SHAW said that in all cases where the lay impropriators were not already obliged to pay a stipulated sum, or provide a sufficient number of curates, they should be obliged to do so. Dr. LUSHINGTON wished to know to what legal remedy the Hon. Member for the University of Dublin would apply in such cases ? Mr. SHAW--The common law might be made ap plicable. The clause was then agreed to. The 23d clause was also agreed to. On the 24th clause being moved, Mr. GORING rose, and moved that the words " trans lated and promoted" be omitted. Mr. STANLEY said the Hon. Member objected to the translation of Bishops, and certainly they did not require translation so much as a great portion of the speech of the Hon. Menaber.—(A laugh.) He was disposed to agree with the Hon. Member that the frequent translation of Bishops, compelling them to form new acquaintances, and to exercise their duties amongst strangers, and thus dimi nishing their utility, ought to be as much as possible abridged, but he did not think it right to lay down the rule that in no case should translations be allowed to take place. There might be cases in which there was a grew' inequality between the duties and the pay, and in wb. red it would be scarcely right to keep a man of extraortr ,inr a to bring for and who would be more eligibly placed for tb int ? . rests of religion where a wider sphere was aff .orded him should be altered it. was necessary ' to for the exercise of his talents.—(Hear.) 'At all events, s ward for A t th p e re ll sen on t . tr lt a l n e s m ia b t ' ion. were legal, provide dwhai until the law provide for any translations or prorr 4 mi ons that might take place. The object of the Hon. Gentleman would not be attained, even were his amendment to be agreed to, for the present clause merely provided that a certain amount of the tax should be paid by an individual Bishop, or be tween him and his successor, upon the translation of such Bishop. The Hon. Gentleman, therefore, could not have taken a more unfavourable opportunity of bringing forward his proposition, and he therefore submitted to him who tiler it would not be better to withdraw his motion until he felt persuaded that Parliament would agree with him in the propriety of abolishing translations altogether. Mr. SHAW said that as soon as they should arrive at :a them the clause relati ng to t h e num b er of Bishops to be reduced, it was his i n t en ti on to propose an amendment to th e ePi ee i that the incom es s h ou ld b e reduced so as to bri to a level, but th at t h ere s h ould be no red"ection g in the nutnbzr of the Bi s h ops. Mr. C. BULLER sa id that as Bill was likely to encounter the great es t oppos i `.ron in the H ouse of Lords, it would be well to liar:A:wee into it as many popular clauses as PmiblP., in order to obtain for it the support of the people, Ale. STANLEY said that the argument of the Hon. Gentleman was a most extraordinary one. Because the Bill was likely to encounter great opposition alsewhere, he thought it advisable to load it with clauses still more likely to encounter opposition, in order to create an excite ment in the country by rendering it popular.—(Hear.) If the Bid was nut at to be supported by the people, let it be thrown out, but to introduce clauses for the mere purpose of excitement would be a course dangerous indeed for the country. After a few words from Sir R. Inglis, Mr. C. Buller, Mr, Briscoe, and Mr. Jervis, Mr. GORING said that it would be well to render the Bill such that, if a collisio❑ should take place upon the Bill between the two Houses of Parliament, the people might see that their interests had been consulted by the House of Commons, and not by the House of Lords.— (Order, order.) As it appeared to be the opinion of the House that a specific resolution should be brought forward upon the subject, he should withdraw his amendment. Lord ALTHORP said that it would be better to withdraw the amendment, as the omission of the words in question could have no possible effect. The amendment was ccns,.quently withdrawn, and the clause was agreed to. The `lath, 26th, and 27th clauses were then agreed to. On the 28th clause being proposed, Mr. GORING moved that the words " translated and promoted" be omitted, and that a clause be inserted to prevent the fu ture translation of Archbishops or Bishops in Ireland to any vacant see, providing that the said clause shall nut impede the uniting of sees according to the provisions of the said Act. Dr. LUSHINGTON hoped that the Hon. Gentleman would not press the chum t• a division. It would he highly important that some plan should be brought for vard to render translations lees frequent than at present, but that could not be done by any summary proce , s. Ile did not see that any good could arise from anticipating op. p mitien to this Bill in another quarter ; on the contrary, he thought that such anticipation might do much harm. He was more desirous of conciliation than of collision, and wished rather that the Bill should meet the views of the other House of Parliament than that it should encounter any opposition. If, however, a collision should unfortunately arise, then it would be for the House to adopt those mea ,ures which in its wisdom were beet calculated to avert the evils likely to result from it. It was all but uncon stitutional to anticipate the manner in which any measure 'night be received in another place. The CHAIRMAN suggested that the amendment could not be received, as it had no direct reference to the clause under consideration. Mr. G. F. YOUNG hoped his Hon. Friend would withdraw the amendment for the present, and it might afterwards be brought forward on a more convenient occasion. The 28th, 29th, 30th, and 31st clauses were next agreed to, with some verbal amendments. A long conversation then ensued upon the proposition for postponing the 32d clause, in consequence of the indis position of Mr. Goulburn, one of the Members for the University of Cambridge. The chief reason urged for the postponement was, that the clause went to diminish the number of Irish Bishops, and the constituents of the Right Hon. Gentleman were particularly interested in the question. Lord ALTHORP could not consent to any farther delay. The Committee then proceeded to the discussion of the clause. Mr. HALCOMB intended to propose an amendment,. with the view of preventing any collision between this and the other House of Parliament, The Hon. and Learned Gentleman then read an extract from " Hatsell," to show that the message from the Crown on the subject ought to have been in writing, and not verbal. Front the various authorities he had consulted, he found that the interest of the Crown in church property was nothing more than a barren trusteeship. Referring to the autbcr rity of Mr. Chitty, he saw that all that the Crown could( claim on the death of an Archbishop, or BishoPi 0189 a basin, a ewer, and a kennel of hounds. The Hon. Member then referred to an opinion of Burke . With respect to the Coronation oath, to which allm ion had been made, the Hon. Member referred to petitio as pre sented from different bodies of the clergy in Engle, ad and Ireland, in which the petitioners stated that the me asures of Ministers were in direct contradiction to the Cot 'ova tion oath. Upon the construction of the Coronation , oath he quoted Paley (" Moral Philosophy") and Puffendor if. After a few words in explanation from Dr. LUSHINGI 'ate, Mr. POULTER observed that if the Irish Church n me to be interfered with, it would doubtless lead to an int tr-' ference with the Church of England. He was determin t& to support that religion which had for its object the glut 1 of God and the salvation of souls. Mr. A. LEFROY was rather surprised at the course taken by the Right Hon. Secretary (Mr. Stanley), and in older to show how his (Mr. Stanley's) opinions had changed upon this question, he would quote an opinion of his, upon the subject of Irish Church Reform, on a former occasion. He said that no " incipient danger ought to warrant us in violating the rights and property of the Established Church. The church must be supporte4, or it must be given up altogether. From the nature of the measures proposed, it appeared as if they were intended to clip the wings of the church, and humble her preten sions; but it would be found upon inquiry, that that establishment would not be deserted by Parliament, or that her protectors were either too weak or too indifferent to protect her--that her wealth excited no alarm, and. should be protected, whatever clamour might be raised." —(Cries of " Hear, hear.") He implored them to con sider the opinion of a Learned Judge lately delivered in Ireland, who stated that " the clergy of that country,were a link which bound it to this, and if hands were once laid upon the property of the Irish church, the doom of the church in this country would be sealed."—(Loud crie. i As, i_e eats. of " Hear, hear.") After a few words from Mr. SHAW, Sir R. Incr.' 3 , and Mr. POULTER, the amendment was put and negative t alts without a division. On the original resolution being put... Mr. SHAW felt the plan of Government must lo wet and degrade the Irish Church in the opinion of the rr Am bers of the Irish established church, as well as in th it or the population of Ireland generally. He agreed the times demanded concessions, for the sake of society a sent circumstanced in Ireland, and he was therefore pre paredpre- to support the administration in an adju Amen lowering the amount of the incomes of Irish Body 4 . A Archbishops. No well informed man in the Hon 'P r -, :5 would doubt that the extinction of the blab branch of blished church of England would be the sir 1 effective means of dissolving the political unto for the the two countries. a b etv.veen Mr. STANLEY deprecated a practice, t 40 _ the opponent s o f hi s M a j esty ' s Governmen' ; of ge . oeral in to them the responsibility of every senti. zent imp oting ,f the House r ach occasions, from Hon. Members on the Ministerial s' i d e e which felt .Bill was to rota r m is e e re a l n y d bec di a s u ay se ow Mi t n h i e s i te r r p e ar d t i i d ci n p o at t ion on i a n ll eta,e , He boldly denied that the object of dirk ach sentiments. .urtail the number, and the Clergy of Ireland of a single 1144 of the present number of Bishops.. .g by the reduction Je staff, a fund for the ill the Irish Clerical Army was ka*Jo" In fact, the staff of 4 to be too extensive,. :a r t such an alteration of the and it was now , in , te m n u d d e e d ?, s and. cpraeiadteworkingthis clreerdguyctoiton Oreli, ta Mr. SHAW cor • reil was a violation of the sth article of w tEh a seAt s alAb t r o ' lcits b Gho f MI S U' C . , h 'ii°;. BORNE wished to know if the Act of Union, words ss ,LinYw everyeo explanation stage,hi dl o a u s l ua d p: i ;o f on e br e ct l fi rntogihmt the amendment. nshtiarre be u et: „El l s )tm.i i v s aevenn d d: : yo t Al y t4rh t :e o =held aaiil between w t t m o heaee a trn l el the e tA t w e c r ot n An i ctoyatf:i nations as rtiatibmi jot:, itenn parliament. eu ig2hrtt Sir scar ~ ,t, oe a I solemn t i b e considerede m iN n GL i S covenants ,slotpAspoiftrst After Coloneli R. b t .ah e ißfse Awßillc To violated. wEN oisrno best interests of the Church of Ireland. thefor stpanucbhlinsupporters of the and Mr.tphrCeonpoHustoesdn7eAAvisee,nm Members An Hole. MEMBER, name unknown, was tiad to find i t church, was 'nagh (Col. Conully), to limit the income s of the Bishops to 4,0001. Mr. SHAW hoped Ministers would take the suggestions of the Hen. Member for Dover into consideration. Lord ALTHORP denied that the extent of dioceses in Ireland, considering the n,:anber of dioceses in each, was too great for the Bisho;,s efficiently to perform their duty. Mr. STANLEY, in corro b orat i on of this assertion, said that the are hbi s topric of Team would, after the Bill was passed, be WI ry g reatly reduced in size. Col. I'ERCEVAL hoped the Government would not refu%e to listen to the reasonable suggestions which bad I, een made not to reduce but to equalize the incomes of the Irish Bishops. Mr. DOMINICK BROWNE said that one-third of the Irish Protestants were Presbyterians, who hated the Episcopacy more than the Catholics. There were still to remain, out of the 22 Irish Bishops, 12—and cal culating the respective areas of Ireland, England, and Wales, it would be found that even these 12 were as great a number for that country as 26 were for England and Wales. The clause, as amended, was then added to the Bill, without a division —the Hon. Member tor Dover having consented to withdraw his amendment. Clause 33 was read, and agreed to. When the Committee came to the 39th clause, which was agreed to without discussion, several Hon. Members expressed their disinclination to proceed any further at so late an hour. Lord ALTHORP said it was his intention to go on with the Bill de die in diem till all the clauses were gone through, and therefore he did not object to the propositions for not proceeding further on the present occasion. The Chairman then reported progress, and obtained leave to sit again to-day. The report of the Committee on Irish tithes was brought up, and the resolutions agreed to. SHERIFFS' EXPENSES BILL. Mr. F. PALMER moved that the House resolve itself into a Committee on this Bill. Sir E. KNATCHBULL opposed the motion, and said that the House ought not to go into it at so late an hour of the night. The House then divided on the question that the Speaker do leave the Chair. For the motion 42 Against it `.)s Majority -17 The House then went into a Committee on the Bill. After a protracted discussion on the third clause the Committee divided. Ayes. ................. . ....... Noes ................. l7 Majority for the clause .;-15 The clause Was then agreed to, a was likewise the The q u o r oo l Pere °Q th ' rov t ° sally .op. V . , 4 4.. • Ile ~ri 1 4a " o f 10"1 th trued F law c e ,at the ' " be c , ij ,ie tiop t ‘.."( eat t iis, h ive Stiel, and '5 4-4,. the *) ( I ° ed Fr ear., 4, ter, , f the bi ' e ,e , lho,' action the El 1," ( 4 , 1 local I l ' q 'gels u uce' o st t etu , , 11 dee j , 4,,, a r ItYS proP °F Gate Rej we the et , It mth e isti ng,l i, , ~:as said to tl' e'l It e°l ht es t. 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Y would :71,110; t t t° , ' l lsed as he fice i , l s4 ' a id his iaetr iec r a id tearer le d rl;Ocuied t h e u l 0 lii r, be,,r, rineheoll h een trie .!go9 it,;11; s4.l.lough ial P. t, it of t ' ~,,cle 1 / 4 1 hit s ell e , vO. ten o n to , tb ;3 i ,7 b y r: 0 (1 0 1 '4 p o n t t h l e o e w t . e ct tl g , ° . l inter 3re o s . o . 14 4 the 1 0, 101 , 0 1, w, ,, 1t i , ,bl 5 N , dg e• ir ,, 0 , t) ...ti , t n o rge , ,,„ o ‘ ;Pri. hi " l bee o,e _.,., o L ,,Ps for of ro, AN had 1 t, Cc o ,e ,k. °l thi s j ..,; tr. ' ll g of ,T, , -)/