The Sun. — London, England, 1863-12-15 00:00:00

gO NNET'S SILKS a LYON . —Every Article of , commerce takes its title e ither from the inventor or ntnufacturer and the more perfect the production gr a, ater is the . credit w hich attaches to the originator. BONNET'S SILKS are said to he incapable assertion is of identiE ex. s.a. V o n in Enc,,land ; but the fallacy o f such an . posed by the very trade street mark of the firm t- , as exhibited by M essr s. JAY, of Regen. The following interwoven mark may be seen at the um of each piece :—" Manufacture d antee C. J. Bonnet et Cie., a L _on e et 'a Injurieux." guard. WAMIL Y MOURNING.—Messrs. JAY von iuld re spectfully announce nounfe that great economy is dif !c! - ,Qd b y purcha , ing g"F ul their establishment, 2 , 7 and I 2 , 19, It N G p;'iT-S'I'ItEI.T, their Stock of FAMILY MOURZ ;ll ;G belt.' the largest in Lur:pe. Thou2l). Messrs. Jay profet me ( Hy keep the best articles for Mourning and Half- 4i ourni'ag- -at a n dales the cheapest-they supply a Complete Suit of Domestic Isiournong for 24 guineas. no ijRNING COSTUME of every description Is kept he ady .4tade, and cin be forwarded in town or conntry :at a ruornent's notice. The most rerisonr.ble prices are charp, ed, a nd wear of every article is guaranteed. 5 L IE LONDON GENERAL MOURNING WAREHOUSE, Regent-street (next the Circus). JAYS'. R OYAL AGRICULTURAL HALL, ISLINGTON.—GRAND TOURNAMENT, and CIRQUE, on a scale or magnificence hitherto unattempted in this country, will open on BOXING DAY. ROYAL AGRICULTURAL HALL, ISLINGTON.—CROCKETT, the renowned LION KING, will mike his his First Appearance in Loudon with his wonderful troup of Lions on BOXING DAY. Leases—Messrs. STRANGE and JULLEYN, ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA COVENT-GARDEN. Under the Management of Miss Louisa Pyne and Mr. W. Harrison. THIS EVENING, for the 20th time,' Balie's new Opera. BLANCHE DE NEVERS Miss Louisa Fyne, Miss Anna Miles, Miss Emma Heywood; Messrs. W. 11. Weiss, H. Cord, A. Cook, A. Wit. Albyn, C. Lyall, J. Rouse, and W. Harrison. To conclude with the Second Act of THE DESERT FLOWER. Conductor, Mr. A. Mellon. Doors open at half-past Six—Commence atn. THEATRE ROYAL I) RU ItY - LA'NE. Managers, Messrs. E. Falconer and F. B. Chatterton. TIIIS EVENING, her Majesty's Servants will perform. the Farce of MY 1I ART'S IN THE -HIGHLANDS:: characters by Mr. J. Neville, Mr. G. Weston, Mr. Warde, Mr. J. Marris ; Mrs. C. Melville, and Missy iarlieur. After which. Lord Byron's Choral Tragey, MANFRED. Messrs. f helps, Ryder, Rayner, Meagreson, Ward, Spencer ; Miss Eburne, Miss E. Atkinson, Miss Leclercq , and Mrs. E. p Falconer. Vocalists—Mi ss Poole, Miss i titter, Miss Cicely. j Nott, Miss Heywood , and Mr. Swift. Followed by BEAUTY OR THE BEAS. Prin ci encepal cha racters by Messrs. Ad dison, G. F. NevilleT, Barret , and G. Weston ; Mrs Edmund Falconer and Miss It Lecterqr: THEATRE ROYAL HA YMARKET.-- Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr, Buckstone. THIS 'EVENING , esWiitFzivarirllinaMit, °gill,: A GAZE . OF SPECULATION Messrs. Chas. Mathews,szp;kipmpeensddaarale Clark, Braid, Gordon, 3 E r C es E c i an l e r s es c s . r i C at h h a e r w le s s ; Griffith, SLe. Followed by THE GOLDEN FLE ; Mathews, Compton,Wea.thersby, cte. G. Keeley. Griffith, &c. With COOL AS A CUCUMBER. Mr. C. Mathews. An d LIT rLE DAISY. Commence at 7. ROYAL LYCEUM' THEATRE. Under the Sole Management of Mr. Fechter. BEL DE MONT° (a Triumphant Success) will be repeated Eve! y Evening until further notice. THIS EVENING, the Comedietta, by W. Gilbert, entitled UNCLE BABY: Mess-s. Widdlcombe; J. G. Shore, Charles ; Miss P. Le:lercl, and Carlotta Leclercq. After which, at Eight o'clock, BEI. DEMONIO, a Love Story, in Tw e l ve Tableaux,taken from Stendhal's " Ita:tan Chronicle •," by M r. John ilrouznam. Principal charac ter by Mr. Fechter, supported by Messrs. Jordan, Charles, Bnugh,m, Emery, Raymond, Moreland, Smith, Clifford, Collett, Andrews, Sims ; Miss Kate Terry, E. Lavenue, airs. Lee, and Miss Elsworthy. Doors open at half-past 6—commence at 7. QT. JAMES'S THEATRE-ROYAL, under new 31anazement, will OPEN for the Winter Season on BOXING NIGHT. NEW THEATRE-KO YAL, ADELPHL— Sole Pronrlstor and Manaczor, Mr. B. Webster. - - THIS EVENING, THE PRETTY IInESEBREABER. Messrs. J. L. Toole, Paul Bedford, and Miss Woolgar. 9t 8, the New Drama of LEAH : Bth weer of Miss Bate man, supported by Messrs. Arthur Stirling, R. Phillips, Bil bm-r,ton, Stuart, Stephenson, Eburne ; Miss H. Simms, and Mrs. Killington. To conclude with ICI ON PARLE FRANCAIS. Mr. J. L. Toole. Commence at 7. LEAH. -EVERY NIGHT. MISS BA.TEMAN.—LEAH.—Tms EVENING, the 64th appearance of the great Tragic Actress, Miss BATEMAN, in the character of LEAH. In consequence of the unbounded success with which Miss Bateman's imperso nation of the priLcipal character in the new Five Act Drama of LEAH has been attended. Mr Webster begs to announce that it will be performed EVERY EVENING until further notice. A T R E. - 11 , 0 IC A m L anage Sj r, R w A n N Spwanbriolrouo-lEi EVENING, MIRIAM'S CRIME. Messrs. Geo. Honey, Parselle, Belfcrd, Turner, Miss li. Saville, and Miss Manders. Followed by (10th time) PATIENT PENELOPE ; or, The Return of Ulyss,s. Messrs. honey and Fenton; Mesdames Swan borough and Simpson. After which, MY NEW PLACE. Mr. A. Wood. Commence at 7. R OYAL SADLER'S-WELLS THEATRE Manageress, Miss Marriott. THIS EVENING, OTHELLO. Messrs. D. H. Jones, E. Phelps, Miss Mnndlebert, To conclude with THE ORPHAN OF GLENCOE. Box-office open from 11 to 4. THE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN," Contahlinz the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, Ban be had Every Evening of G. R. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tnis D Alt.—Morning, sh. sm. —Afternoon, sh. 30m. vo-vonpow.-Morninz, sh. 57m.—Afternoon. 6h. 20m. The Weather--Sun Office, Dec. 15, 1863. THERMOMETER. This day at Two o'clock 43 Barometer-30.35. Wind—S.-W. ; light, and cloudy. Zti 3 I 'A & 4=OUTI • SDIAY, DEC. 15, 1863. Hitherto Mr. Coy share of public res has enjoyed a very la rge t : admiration. He has cer tainly had ours whatever value he might set upon them- It is at thi s moment a matter to our selves, therefore, of ver y and unaffected re g ret that one w hom we ba v: re o lung l earn t th us to respect and to admire sh ould, b ordinary proceedings , entirely forfeit : hi s own extra at one, and all claim to either of those senti ments, It can alone almost be accounte d for, this sadde n and most wrath on th e put of v unseemly explosion of COBDEN, by attributing it to what he himself once. , called sarcastically—and not so ver y many mouths back either—a craze. Ono is nearly tempted to believe, witnessing what we all of us just now b a ,, ,e, 1 ' 2.11 wi t nes sing within the interval of these b ast few days—one is really almost tempted to believ e ;that there actually are those peculiar dates, to be picked out or to be avoided, of which ZAD RIEL'S fifty thousand purchasers annually read is his Prophetic Almanac, And among the entries of the redoubtable Tao Sze for 1863, No might, now, almost look to find a warn ing addressed to all persona noted for their sound common sense, not to write letters on Wed nesday, the 9th of December! For it was on that day especially that the " craze" we have spoken of ay , pears to have been very strong indeiid upon Mr. EDEN. Under date " Midhurst, 9th December," N ve rind him writing - in the most offensive manner able zt , personally, a to the Editor of the Times. date, ;ye fine that same, for Mr. COBDEN, fatal manner, i t i liao p m writing, also in the most offensive to a '9°nallY7 it should be said very per sonally,Wit, the who lly ,T different recipient of his arro usnce, to p :rquess of HARTINGTON. Ad• dressing the latter personage more after the manner of the late Mr. Coen of what we have beer, heretofore accustouiedt, regard than .m.ia:, the manner of Mr. COBDEN—the membe r fo r ;),, oN o thu s curtly munication to Lord HmeriNcu,rrst opens his corn- g " lord, you will perhap s opportunity of et , ree ° t. (l enough to take , an early T had almost said ng publicly your recent--. r eckless sion of my remarks , &c." And upon that satnPeerfver.a t 4 9th irst., Mr. CO BDEN penned Wednesday, the those astounding personalities, which will b 3 found elsewhere is another pert of our impreseiou of this evening, transferred to oar columns in exten3o from; those of our chief morning contemporary. The grossness of these singular personalities, addressed as they are by name to the prin cipal Editor of the limes, are happily we believe unparalleled on the part of any public man of eminence in the whole history of British journalism. And the effect already produced throughout the country by Mr. COBDEN'S excep tional indalgence in them, is manifestly such that we may now pretty confidently conjecture no other public man will be speedily tempted into the enjoy ment of any similar luxury, in the way of unmea sured vituperation. Anything more outrageous in the wav of vituperation we may safely assert has never been witnessed in the instance of any man elected by his countrymen to the honour of a seat in the House of Commons. Mr. COBDEN speaks, it will be seen, of the arrogance of the limes—without the faintest consciousness of his own I He talks about " what," he sa y s, "I will call an inordinate displ a y of Times' e g otis m": and vilieeisncneaoïvfeAlyir7CakoßinDg such EN'S ! a a nt theexceedingly ve r same amusing evidence The old fable about the bird of the d esert hiding his head in the sand, is illustrated anew very funnily in this very instance by the member for Midhurst. He intimates with overwhelming hauteur that the Times is denied access to his own house, and he thereupon a rgues (vide his letter, in proof th a t we are h ere not in any way perverting his meaning) he thereupon ; argues that the Times has a very limited, almost, us one might say, obscure circulation. It is quite a companion incident, this, to the threatened with drawal of the young cadet's custom from HcBY, the bootmaker, a threat suggestive to the latter of the immediate putting up of his shutters. More signally expressive, however, of the darkening in fluence exercised by passion over the hitherto clear, calm, luminous judgment of Mr, COBDEN, more distinctly indicative of this than the grossly abusive language in which this painful letter of his is couched—is the false logic of which it is composed throughout. Mr. COBDEN avows his systematic and perverse avoidance of the Times, and yet, while he acknowledges his ignorance of its con tents, an ignorance in which he actually glories, he coolly presumes to characterize the precise naturo of its contents, and this simply to the end that he may villify it. Our contempo rary has cruelly, only this very morning, recalled to Mr. COBDEN'S remembrance, his enthusiastic remark 3 ears ago to quite a worthy effect, namely, that he preferred a copy of the 7inzes tc all the books of TIIUCYDIDES. Our contemporary does not remark, however, there upon that probably Mr. COBDEN knew about as much then of TUUCYDIDES as he confesses to know now of the 'limes. An ill-mannered sneer has been directed by Mr. COBDEN at what he vulgarly called the testimonials to character quoted into the limes from the columns of its contemporaries. The limes having probably, we should conjecture, less experi ence, perhaps, of anything in the way of honeyed words than any of the daily journals of Europe. At the head of which, nevertheless, it is no extravagance to assert—it is simply the plain truth to state—it stands, as it has stood now for some years, facile vrinceps in reputation. Mr. COBDEN used in his better days to appreciate the value of facts beyond almost any man of his time. There are a few, now that we at lerst may here venture to obtrude upon his attention with a trifle more grace, perhaps, than would be possible in the instance of the 7itrzes itself. And these facts, let us say, we woald now thus briefly enumerate in regard to the Times, purely out of an honest love of fair pley towards our great contemporary. Before Mr. COBDEN'S favourite organs of nowadays had sprung into existence, the Times was one of the principal mediums through which, in spite of itself, his argu ments went forth t ) the world at large, gaining him his cause and winning him his reputation. His taunts now, therefore, are tainted with the meanness of in gratitude. Again—after the memorable tribute paid by the late Sir ROBERT PEEL to the " unadorned eloquence" of Mr. COBDEN, after the equally memorable tribute paid by the limes to " the great fact" of the Anti-Corn Law League, we should have presumed that alike in both instances Mr. COBDEN might have abstained from flouting either the memory of Sir ROBERT or the judgment of the Tones with having formerly been foremost among the advocates of the principles of Protection. Another of those famous phrases uttered at rare intervals by Sir ROBERT PEEL, will long be borne in recollection as applied to the now veteran Prime Minister of England, Lord PALMERSTON—" We are all proud of him." And so now may we also in the name and in the interests of journalism, apply that very same phrase to the chief among our contemporaries—" We are all proud of it." Diametrically opposed to its views, we are, no doubt, repeatedly—yet we bear in none the less vivid remembrance many noble incidents recorded in its history. Incidents, for example, like the discovery of that gigantic Fraud, the timely exposure of which, through its agency, elicited at the time the grateful acknowledgment of the whole mercantile world of England ! Incidents like the breaking up to its own vast pecuniary loss of that Railway Bubble, the bursting of which later on, after a yet wider expansion, might have had far more disastrous consequences ! Incidents like the foundation of the Times' Charitable Fund for our suffering soldiers in the Crimea during the first disasters of the Great Russian War ! Incidents like these will still be borne in remem brance in regard to the :limes when Mr. COBDEN'S vulgar abuse of it has been utterly forgotten. They will be remembered then as vividly as they are remembered now : and with them that happy and in no way extravagant remark once made, "Rue years back, in the House of Commons, by Sir EDWARD BULWER LYTTON to th e e ff ec t that if he were asked for an illustration of the eg° we liv e in, he would adduce as, perhaps, the aPtess e templar of it, a file of the Tones newspaper. btteet news leave the cour se from Denmark and Germany e ren,oli do u bt. It would seem, disputants in considerable to be followed by the respective f ro m various r s are shrinking fro tu avoid any collision Accord ing to the Parisian res olved by the Cabinet et ' Danish troops shall evacuat e th , that the Danish authorities Ittr:ne:lPFstha:giztli with e th onthct, and are anxious to r t a ie r : c a. e, it has been jourtairjederal troops. to occupy. th penhagen that the towns in Hol steinezecutient has News wahlsi reported there that the Danish uovetncurrently o ch co t m he es G f e r r o m m aAn determined not to oppose Federal that a friendly arrangement is likely t , be na cto , d with the great German rovers. A pacific solution is of course to be greatly desired, and it would b e worth many sacrifices to prevent the outbreak of , n European war; but it is to be hoped that the Danish Gov..Tnment will not be induced by any fear of con. sequences to imperil the independence of their coun try, or to surrender its recognised and well-esta blished rights. The strong hand of King FREDERICK no longer guides the helm; but his successor will do ,yell to take pattern from his courage and firm ness, however advisable it may be to attempt conciliation before proceeding the Federal Diet can be induced to abandon their Purpose by any means consistent with reason and right, the change will be a subj.ct f) ,- general con- THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 15, 1863. gratulation matter for regret i ns t ea d of rejoicing g if but succumbs without a st rugg l e r Denmark it willbe m to unjust and aggressiv e cla7s. On th e ot h er hand, it is stated t hat the Dani sh press maintains that it would be impossible for the Government to submit to the invasion of Holstein, and such a pro ceeding would certainly be altogether inconsistent with its former line of policy. Austria and Prussia are endeavouring to follow a middle course. They are unwilling, Prussia especially so, to abandon their claims upon Denmark, but the Treaty of Lon don fetters their proceedings, particularly after Earl RUSSELL'S reminder. It is owing to their being compelled to remember in their own words, that they are European as well as German Powers, that the proposed " occupation" of the Duchies has been merged into "execution," to the dissatisfaction of the union of States, Bavaria in particular. Neser- Itheless the two great Powers have hitherto shown no disposition to reciprocate the desire for reconcili tion indicated on the part of Denmark by the repeal of the patent of the 30th of March, and the new constitution proposed for Denmark and Schleswig is now the war cry of the Federal party. It will be remembered that the March proclamation, while uniting Schleswig with the Danish Kingdom, granted to the Holsteiners, whose grievances had always been so loudly proclaimed, more than they could have asked. It provided them with the right to administer their own finances, with authority over their own laws, and exclusive legislation within the limits of the Duchy,. But the Holsteiners and their Confederates—the German Powers—were very unwilling to accept this liberal gift. It re moved from them, it is true, all ground for political complaint, but in granting them the extremity of their claims it deprived them of any excuse for further intermeddling with Danish affairs. Nothing could be further from the wishes of the Diet, and such an arrangement was especially opposed to the designs of Prussia, who cared very little about the political rights of the Holsteiners so long as she could get possession of Kiel and pursue her chimerical ambi tion of a Prussian fleet ; consequently another sub ject of complaint was put more prominently forward, and it was declared that the union of Schleswig with Denmark by a common constitution was an outrage on the Federal obligations of the KING. It was convenient to forget or to overlook the decla ration made in 1823 by the plenipotentiary of that very Power that now most loudly upholds the con trary doctrine, to the effect that Schleswig did not form part of the German Confederation, and, in fact, lay beyond their jurisdiction. 7 empora mutantur mores. The Prussian representative of 1963 tells a very different story, and should his present pretensions be satisfied it would not be difficult to find some other pretext for continuing the system of aggression and persecution with Kiel would be fairly in Prussian hands, and Denmark entirely subjugated to the dominion of the Diet. How far the other Powers will suffer such proceed ings remains to be seen. Lord WODELIOUSE has departed on his mission, which comes late, for the troops of the four Powers commissioned to carry execution into effect aro already on the move, and the expenses necessary for the tprovisional Govern ment of Holstein have been voted by the Diet at yesterday's sitting at Frankfort. It is said that some days' grace will be given by the troops at the frontier, but a decisive step has bean taken, and matters have been suffered to go further than they have done since the Treaty. It is announced, however, by a semi-official Berlin journal, that the Diet, apparently not wishing to commit themselves too far, will not permit the active interference of the Prince of AUGUSTENBURG in issuing proclamations, Be.c., t 3 the Duchies, until the legal question has been settled. The great diffi culty with which the German Potentates have to contend, supposing they subjugate their own ambi tion to considerations of prudence and policy, is the eagerness of the people for immediate coercion. With a folly that is really lamentable, in considera tion of their own interest as well as those of others, the bulk of the population of Germany have put aside all thoughts of the great national questions, whose settlement involves the future interests of their country, to give all their energies to the pro secution of the struggle with Denmark. At a meet ing of the representatives of the different German Diets, recently held at Nuremberg, at which several distinguished members of the Austrian Reichsrath attended—no less than the chiefs of the democracy— three resolutions were unanimously come to, declar ing the independence of the Duchies, the necessity of their total separation from Denmark, the indis solubility of their union, and the legality of the claims of the Prince of AUGUSTENBURG. It was further determined to invite the members of all the German Chambers to attend a public meet ing at Frankfort.. Such an assembly shows the universality and strength of the feeling in favour of German aggression, and the pretensions of the Governments are only too well supported by the populace and their representatives. Meanwhile two of the Danish journals announce that the treaty with Sweden is about to be sanctioned, and it is to be hoped that such intelligence will prove true. It cannot be supposed either that England will suffer the legitimate rights of her old ally—an ally whose lortunes are now doubly interesting to her—to be sacrificed to German ambition. Earl RussELL's notions of peacemaking may consist of recommend ing an unconditional surrender to the weaker party, but England will expect something more from her Foreign i Minister, The country, through its re presentatives, will demand that the aid to be ren dered to Denmark does not consist of empty words, but of vigorous action, and any cowardly attempt to avoid an embroilment with the German Powers will only serve to expedite the very catastrophe it seeks to shun. The Treaty of London was expressly framed to prevent the dire confusion that would result from the dismemberment of the Danish Monarchy, and the disputed succession to its throne, and if it is to be deliberately infringed by the very Powers who signed it so few years ago, there is an end to all security for the tranquillity of Europe for the future. It too often occurs that in seeking to redress wrongs abroad, we neglect those nearer home, and yet daily experience often proves most incontestably that there are glaring evils to be remedied, and most cruel injuries to be in qaired into. The case of PORTER that has recently come bet ore the public is one that especially demands attention and calls for a minute investigation. It is painful to reflect that such inhumanity should disgrace our nature, but bad as the conduct described would be if it were an isolated ease, it seems doubly lamentable when we consider t i h a a n t o so re( iy er v e irtually participated in the wrong, end were tacitly encouraging the atrocious cruelty. must be at a very low ebb, where such thinshould can go on, and the first principles that onofoi.rd y a e c a tu rs at n e ia a k n i d n influence mankind seem totally the inhabitants of a village can go creature w h o was g no attempts to rescue a fellow osien:dedaedregonfidnigtion called for kindness the horrors of a living and sympathy, m an p d athwy b , eatniceidebarbarous to be hold. It darkness es had l a d d tortures visitor and sh privations oud he honev . horrible b w l e e to thatll r reflect e a c tia uepnoenr,g go on unnoti ce d and un uffwehreerde to B 'lc 11 g so on lo e ng to b il ee s n i" st checked. The facts are now patent to the com munity, and perhaps the general expression of scorn and indignation that the supineness and ob tuseness of the inhabitants of Flushing has called forth may awaken a sense of shame in their minds, and bring about a remedy that no sentiments of pro priety, or feeling of justice seem to have engendered during the long years that they were acquiesent of the dreadful doings that have now seen the light of day and horrified all who have heard of them. It is important that this crime be properly visited, and it is to be trusted that no efforts will be spared to bring the offender to justiee, and that his sentence will be as severe as the law can inflict upon him. This is the only way to deter others from fol lowing his example, and those whose natures will not be moved by any feeling of compassion must be taught to dread the consequences, in so much as they concern themselves. " The tender for another's pain, the unfeeling for his own," is a very true description of the suffering of different individuals. Another point of great consequence is that due regard be paid to the condition of those unfortunate beings who are labouring under a similar affliction to that of the wretched PORTER. It is very likely not generally known that there are so many idiots in the country, and, indeed, it is only on an occasion like the present that the full par ticulars of any case, and the exclusive proclivities of a class, are disclosed and made manifest to those who do not trouble themselves to seek for informa tion, mayoften take up a case them. In the Tines of f i o i n t , but,is brought t hbeel before last Friday there is a very interesting letter from the Secretary of the National Asylum for Idiots. This gentleman brings the question before us in a very decided manner, and points out how necessary it is for something to be done at once in good eat nest for the better protection and more proper treatment of the unhappy cl ass re f erred to. In the first place, it is highly satisf ac t ory to l earn that " Earlswood" has been eminently successful so far as its powers will allow it to be ; but then, of course, as Mr. NICHOLAS states, it is only a part and not the whole of a system. The example should be followed, and similar institutions should abound throughout the land, otherwise it is impos sible to meet the demands of the case, and the many sad sufferers cannot be rightly treated. It is only with the raving that " training" can be effecter, but of course in all stages of the disorder proper care and judicious treatment are necessary. The success that has attended the efforts made at Earlswood is very encouraging, and holds out every inducement to other places to follow in the wake of the founders of this noble institution. It is gratifying to hear that only two cases failed out of thirty-one in the way of improvement, and that twelve among them were sent away capable of earning their livelihood. Let any one picture the contrast between these fortunate beings and the wretched creature who was found in Cornwall. It now remains that the error must be redressed with speed, and that succour should be promptly provided for those who are in such grievous need of it. Surely, now that the facts are so fully made known, and the great want is explained of the existence of suit able institutions for the idiot and the imbecile, proper means will be adopted to remedy the defect and provide for the emergency. It must not be that the cruel sufferings of the unhappy PORTER have been all in vain, they should at least be made instruments to mitigate the troubles of others simi larly afflicted. When once it is known that there are many appropriate places in which these sad members of society CMn be cared for in a fitting manner, one great excuse will be taken away from those who are so ready to exclaim that there is no use in making a disturbance, because nothing can be done for the oppressed and afflicted. It is never too late to mend, and it is also never too soon to begin to do so; therefore, the more eagerly and earnestly the cause of these idiots is taken up the better. No one can possess a better claim on our attention than a class wh o canno t a id themselves by any possibilit y , an d yet can be so greatly benefited by timely aid and right treatment. It is a subject that cannot be overlooked, if we have any regard to the rights of others, and a benevolent community cannot allow so large a proportion of the population to leave their wants unprovided for, and their sad state neglected. As many as from 50,000 to 60,000 have been shown, by the reports, to exist ot idiots and of imbeciles. Can it be brought for ward as an excuse, then, that it is a limited class whose case is put forward and whose claims is made known. Since it has been shown that so many come under this unfortunate denomination, an d th a t beoe bntethesee e so larged, if not rend ere d capa bl e of earning their livelihood, there is every inducement to ur ge benefited, a proportion can , if a id e d i n t i me, on the efforts and inspire the exertions of all whom are at all qualified to render assistance in this mat ignorance may h ave b een p l eaded the fatal neglect th at h as prevailed as an e H xc it a h s e e rt f o b , r in this quarter, but that reason can no longer be adduced, and the affair rests on its merits. There can be no better way of bestowing alms than in befriending the afflicted ones of poverty, but if one class more than another seems specially to call for favour, it must be those of our fellow-creatures, who, by some mysterious dispensation, are to endure the greatest of all privations, the worst of the thousand ills to which flesh is heir. No language can be too extreme in which to speak ot the conduct of the brother of the victim who has been relieved from his clutches, and it seems impos sible to account for the arathy which has prevailed in the place where the crime was committed, but there are other evils to be avoided in connection with this subject which, if minor in commission, are important in effect. It will not do if those who declaim at the cruelty and deprecate the neglect of the actors in this sad story in Cornwall, forget the whole case after a nine days' wonder, and by their indifference conduce to like events, and pave the way for wo rse b ar b ar i ty i n f u t ure ti me s. All must be deeply impressed with the horrors of this story, but that will d o no goo d if ac ti o n i s not the hand maid of sentiment, and some lasting good follows the expression of temporary indignation. The only real consolation to the right-minded who shudder at the tale they peruse, will be to reflect that some thing has been done to remedy the evil that is now too plainly shown to exist. The adoption of some of the suggestions that have been made in many quarters will do much to rectify the error, and sup ply a want that has long been felt by many well qualified to give an opinion on the subject, but who had no opportunity to come forward. The memorial to the late Prince Consort erec!ei in St. Thomas's Church, at Newport, in the Isle of Wight, by Baron Marochetti, has cost about £230, which has been raised by public subscription. ALBERT THE GOOD.—Tho annual performance of the " Dead March in Saul" will take place to-morrow night in memory of the Great and Good Prince, by the National Choral Society, prior to the commencement of Handers oratorio, the "Messiah," at Exeter. hall. Mr. Sims Reeves and other eminent vocalists are engaged for the occasion, Mr. G. W, Martin will conduct as usual. The performance will commence at 7.30, M. GOUNOD'S NEW OPERA, " Alireille," founded upon a Provençal legend, has been purchased by Messrs, Boosey and Sons for £BOO. NORFOLK STREET, STRAND, of a sum mer even ing, when the dust and waste paper lie in it, and stray children play in it, and a kind of a gritty calm and bak e settles in it, and a peal of church bells is practising in the neighbourhood, it is a trifle dull,—.2tirs, lire ivey, LATEST INTELLIG-ENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) THE PAPAL STATES. ROME, DEC. 14. The Pope in consistory to-day appointed Bishops to the vacant dioceses in the Romagna, the Marches, and Umbria. DEC. 13. The Pope, without any previous announcement to King Victor Emmanuel, has nominated Cardinal Gusdi, Archbishop of Bologna, and Monsignori Clementi, Vitteleschi, Cardoni, and Micaleff, Bishops of Rimini, Osimo, Recanate and Castello respectively ; all these sees being in the former pontifical provinces now forming part of the Italian Kingdom. AUSTRIA. VIENNA, DEC. 14 (Evening). All the reports in circulation of the Ministerial crisis are authentically declared entirely devoid of foundation. The old Conservative party in Hun gary, headed by Counts Forgach and Sczecsen, are endeavouring to prepare the way for the election of a Diet favourable to the views of the Government. THE BOMBAY MAIL. The Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company have received the following telegram : "ALEXANDRIA, DEC. 14. " The Euxine, with the Bombay mail, left here this day at 7 a.m. for Marseilles, where she may be expected about the 20th inst. " The Delta, with the heavy portion of the mail, sailed at 10 a.m. yesterday for Southampton, where she may be expected about the 26th inst." THE WEST INDIA AND PACIFIC MAILS. SOUTHAMPTON, DEC. 15. The Royal mail steamship Seine has arrived here with the above mails, 82 passengers, 1,599,225 dols. in specie, and 1,730 packages of cargo. She left St. Thomas's on the 30th, and experi enced fine weather throughout the passage. Business was dull at Valparaiso_ The drought in the Northern provinces was much felt, and great loss sustained. Peru and Bolivia had concluded a treaty of peace and commerce, and the Govern ments of Peru and Chili had agreed to receive into their country the mails of each other without postage. At Guayaquil the Congress had closed its session after having authorised the President to declare war against Mosquera. The British brig, Guiding Star, struck on the Sarane la Bank, off Colon, and was abandoned. Jamaica had been visited by heavy rains, which had done much damage in some places, washing away houses, inundating stores and dwellings, and stopping trade with the interior. FRANCE. THE PARIS ELECTIONS. [t is officially stated that the result of the voting in the Paris elections yesterday was—for M. Pelle san, the Opposition candidate, 15,115; for M. Picard, the Government candidate, 9,788. DIJON, DEC. 15. The result of the election in this town was an nounced this morning —NI. Magrim, the Opposition candidate, obtained 16,172 votes against 13,116 ob tained by M. Saumac, the Government candidate. PARIS, DEC, 14. The decline which occurred at the close of the Bourse to-day was caused by the prevailing uneasi ness respecting the monetary situation. It is stated that the amount of apecia now held by the Bank of France is 14 million francs less than on Thurs. day last. BOURSE, Dee.l4.—The market has been firm, with a fair amount of business doing at an improvement on Saturday's quotations. Threes, for the Account, are now firm at 67fr. 45c. Mobilier have advanced to 1,067 fr. 50c. The Railway Market has been quiet, and with quotations showing but little varia• tion. Sales for realisation caused a slight retro he close, when the market grade movement towards left off as follows: 41 per Cents. 95 35 ()o. end month 3 per Cents Do. end month 67 30 Credit:Mobili ,, r..., 1060 [)o. end month 1058 75 Bank Shares 3330 Credit Fancier 1240 Roman Italian Loan 7l 85 Do. end month 7l 95 New ditto Do. end month.... Russian Austrian .. — Spanish Threes 52 Home Debt .. 5l 50 Deferred IL WAY t 3. Orleans Northern New ditto Lyons and Mediterranean New ditto • . Geneva.. Southern Western Eastern Sardinian Austrian Lotr b,rd North of Spain Saragossa.. Ditto to Barcelona Cagh. Account. 975 975 970 975 -- 936 25 .. 937 50 887 50 .. - - 498 76 .. - 690 - .. 690 - 506 - 507 50 475 - .. 477 60 400 - 398 75 400 - .. 401 25 527 50 .. 626 25 521 25 .. 522 69 625 - .. 622 50 305 - .. 305 - THE SULTAN AND THE CONGRESS. The Independance Beige has the following : " The reply of the Sultan, whish was reported to be in the hands of the French Government, was only forwarded on the 3d December, and Musurus Bey, the Turkish Am bassador to London, who was on leave of absence at Con stantinople, is charged to bring it to Paris. A first reply had (been drawn up, but, to put it in accordance with the present :condition of the question of the Congress, it has been modified by the Privy Council. This modification, we learn by private advices from Constantinople of the sth, is the following effect :—The Sultan declares that he does not decline to take part in the Congress if he can thereby con tribute to consolidate the principle, already proclaimed by Europe, of the integrity of the Ottoman Empire. This re serve excludes from the programme of the Congress the question of the Danubian Principalities and of Servia, which it was supposed would have been brought forward." Convents in the Danubian Provinces, The following is the text of a despatch from Prince Gortschakoff to M. Novikoff, Russian Chargé d'Affaires at Constantinople, on the sub ject of the property of the conventual establish ments in the United Danubian Provinces : St. Petersburg, Oct, 1, 1E383. The archimandrite Nylos, charged by the orthodox com munities of the East with the task of pleading before the Imperial Cabinet of Russia the cause of their property in the Principalities, has arrived at St. Petersburg, after hav ing fulfilled a similar mission at Paris and London. We were already in possession of sufficient information as to the extent of the arbitrary measures taken by Prince Couza's Government with the view of ultimately arriving at the confiscation of the property of the Church, and more recent facts communicated to us by the archimandrite tTylos have only confirmed our view as to the illegality of the pro ceedings of the Prince's Government. We have consequently nothing to add to the apprecia• Lions contained in the instructions with which you have been furnished on that subject. We shall continue to con sider the Eastern Church as the victim of an unqualified spoliation, and on that point we adhere, as before, to the Protocol XIII. of the Conference of Paris. In strict justice the llospodar ought to reinstate the pro perty of the religious houses in the position it was in at the period of the Congress of Paris. The guaranteeing Powers and the Porte would then have come to an understanding in order to definitively settle the difference in a practical and equitable manner. Baron Brunow has informed us that Earl Russell had ad dressed to Sir Henry Bulwer fresh instructions in favour of the cause of the religious houses. It is now for you to place yourself in communication with the English Ambas sador, and to concert with him on the best means of con ducting this delicate negotiation to an accord between the representatives at Constantinople of the G uaranteeing Power t. " GORTSCIIANDIT. "Receive, etc,, Liverpool Cotton Market —This Day. Cotton quiet, inactive, a nd very little demand. Probable bales not more than 3,000 or 4,000 bales. Imports, 5,142; previouiy, 1,299. THE NEW JUDGE. It is with great pleasure we announce the eleva tion of Mr. Sergeant Shee to the judicial bench. The Lord Chancellor yesterday offered to the learned Sergeant the seat vacant in the Court of Queen's Bench by the demise of Mr. Justice Wight man, and the distinguished advocate, we are happy to say, accepted the appointment. The learned gentleman will be sworn in before the Lord Chancellor, as one of her Majesty's judges, as soon as possible after the conclusion of the cases he is to-day conducting in the Court of Common Pleas. The appointment has given the greatest satisfac tion both to the bar and the public at large. On the Causes of the Late Gales. TO TILE EDITOR OP THE SUN. SlR,—The immense destruction of human life and of property during the three first days of this month by a series of storms—there having been 62 bodies picked up at Holyhead alone—induces me to solicit a portion of your space to examine the question of the causes of such gales, and the po3- sibility of foreseeing them and guarding against their consequences. In a recent letter from Paris it has been publicly stated that M. Babinet, in his meteorological bul letin, declares that, " when the barometer shows us a diminution of pressure in the air in various places, and an increase in another, it may be safely argued that a mass of air has accumulated in the latter place, to the detriment of the others ; so that there are, so to say, vacant spaces into which new air will rush, causing storms and gales, &c." " This is, in point of fact, the whole theory by which storms may be predicted a few days beforehand," says the writer of the statement. Now I wish to observe that M, Babinet builds on a fallacy in this theory, which, until it. be ex posed, can only mislead all persons who attempt to predict storms from a falling barometer. The re sult Is that the predictions are often false and value less; ships go to sea in spite of them, and often suffer accordingly. There is no proof that when the barometer falls very generally, but in some places does not so fall, or not so extensively, that there,' any " mass of air has accumulated" in the latter places. Ail that really is proved is that, in those places where the pressure becomes less, the air has changed, not its volume, but its character or quality ; and in those other places where the pressure remains unchanged the quality of the air remains the same, without any increase in quantity. Indeed there is no means by which it should increase in quantity, unless new air were created. When evaporation has gone on until the air is nearly saturated with aqueous vapour any change of temperature to a lower degree will condense that vapour, and may cause it to be precipitated to the earth in the farm of hail, rain, or snow. It then occurs that vacant spaces are formed, and the air in the vicinity rushes into those spaces to restore the equilibrium of the fluid— which rushes produce storms, &c. It is not, there fore, that the dry air has accumulated in any one place, as M. Babinet argues, but that the moist air being deposited leaves a vacancy to be filled up by the neighbouring dry air. That this is so is obvious from the hydrostatic fact that the lighter or aqueous air must ascend (if it be not condensed into rain, &c.) whenever the dry air meets it ; because pure dry atmospheric air is much heavier than air sur charged with aqueous vapour, and of course falls to the surface of the earth. Thus falling, while rush ing in to fill up the vacancy that has been caused by the deposition of the moist air, we feel the effect on the surface in the form of storms ; and where the vacancy has been excessive, by much heavy rain, as in the tropics, hurricanes becomes irresistible. In a letter, dated 2d December, it has been stated by Admiral Fitzroy that "very different views of at mospheric commotions or changes are taken by able men," and this fact shows thre.; these phenomena have been hitherto treated on some wrong principle. The loose way in which such statements as I have exposed have been made public, is one cause of the present defective knowledge on this subject. With your permission, I will now point to a few strange errors published recently by our great meteoro logical Admiral. He states (2d December) that, "when currents [of air] act against each other, (gravity restraining upward motion) their tendency is to cause more or less of rotation." But this can not be correct ; for the lighter current—that con taining most aqueous vapour—must ascend, beyond all doubt, and the heavier, or drier current, must remain on the surface of the earth. The Admiral's statement could only be true in the case of the two currents being exactly the same in weight and con dition. But, then, there can be no reason why they should move at all, since their motion is proved to arise from their being in different conditions. So far, therefore, as the rotatory, or cyclone, system, or theory, is founded on this idea of the Admiral's, it is illusory. He says, again (Dec. Bth), " Wnen a principal current of wind, or a large combination of such chief aerial streams, is passing rapidly over any place an apparently straight-lined gale is the tem porary result. Bat when one main current impinges on another, more or lass rotation ensues." The latter clause of this statement is, I submit, opposed to the laws of gravity, as I have shown that the heavier current must displace the other. I will now come to the true cause which produces the rotatory motion of the air that we often do observe in storms, but not nearly so often as the cyclone theorists pretend. if a current of air be passing in a given direction, say from the south towards the north, to fill up a vacancy formed over a given portion of the earth; and, while it is so passing, it reach some spot where, to the north-east of the line of motion, another vacancy be formed suddenly, it will often cease to flow in the direction due north, and will be turned to the north-east, The result will be a curvilinear direction, or change in the wind, from south to song:l-west. And, then, if a fall of rain, &c., occur on a sudden in a direction 45 degrees more to the east, the dry air will rush thereto and the wind will become due west. so, again, it may shift or fly round to the north-west, which is the usual case with what are termed westerly cyclones in this part of the world. It is manifest that, as these conditions do not always exist, all gales are not cyclones; a fact beyond dispute. I will avoid further intruding on your space at present, and defer my explanation of the true origin of storms in general, the above being the proximate causes only. R. J. MORRISON, Commander, R.N. Royal Free Hospital, Gray's-inn-road. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SIR, —For 35 years this hospital has been devoted to the work of relieving the maladies of the sick and destitute poor of London, the provinces, and also foreigners, its original principle of " free" admissions excluding none from its charities. In common with other unendowed institutions, its funds have materially suffered during the last two years from the diversion of public sympathy into other channels. Its average number of in and out patients exceeds 3,000 weekly. Situate amid a large population, consisting chiefly of the operative class, numbers apply daily for admission whom the limited means at the disposal of the Weekly Board reluctantly compel them to decline. Winter, though mercifully delayed, must be shortly increasing in severity,t and meteorological data indicate the prob ability of a sea of unusual rigour and duration,: theubbei w.u_sct beauty of some participation Speck's charity which c d h entreat, ay Under these circumstances, ar ticipation through your influential columns , o those munificent outflowcslaoifmins, shivering ie:ee ritoi gfnitsrags a more o v r n ae , na obviousdn white h t embellish, with a peculiar moral lliayomthekeierephienagdsin, almostvalids Eng lish Christmas. Other shapes of pitiable distress, obscurehungry ffraocmes,pnuobtl knowing who seldom stir from their dwellings beyond a daillyloVviesritt;o, On behalf of this genuine type o f ngunobtrusivewhereto neary• the the dunaP:oidable result of sickness which disables them from , following the e mployments by which they carat a respect able subsistence, the aid of public benevolence is earnestly B°lici l have eci the honour to be, Sir, your obedient servant, J. B, OWEN, M.A., Chairman of the Weekly Board, The Sacred 11Am:tonic Society, Exeter-hall, re peat; their porformauces of the MesAah" on Frida) oven• ing next, the 18th, w h en Mr. Simla R eeves w ill a gain ap pear, together lAith Mdlie. Parepe, Madame Sa;_n.ton.-Dolby , Mr. Renwick, and Mr, Patey. vrftv ~,me mort. sign HER MAJESTY. WINDSOR CASTLE, Dec. 14. Her Majesty has passed this most sad anniversary and the preceding day in complete seclusion. The Queen, accompanied by all the members of the Royal Family, proceeded early this morning to the Royal Mausoleum (where her Mejesty is i❑ the habit of going constantly), and permission was given to all the members of the household, including the servants, to go there and pay a tribute of love and respect to the memory of their beloved and revered and ever to-be-regretted master. THE COURT.—IIex Majesty and the princes and princesses will leave Windsor Castla on Thursday nest. The Prince and Princess of Wales will leave Frogalor e Lodge for Osborne on the 22d inst., where they wil l remain 14 days on a visit to her Majesty, and afterward s return to Windsor. The servants will go out of mourning, and resume their scarlet liveries on Monday, the 28th instant To-morrow, the 16th, will be the birthday cf th e King of the Belgians, who will be 73 on that day. Gr eat family rejoicings will take place, as great joy is felt at the happy state of health of the King after his recen t dangerous and most trying illness. Numerous promo tions and nominations in the Order of Leopold are spoken of. His Excellency the Austrian Ambassador and the Countess Apponyi lef c Chandos House yesterday for Longleat, Wilts, on a visit to the Marquis and Marchione ss of Bath, to meet his Royal Highness the Duke of Cam' bridge. _ _ The Duchess of St. Albans and Lady Diana' Beauclerk have arrived at Redbourne Hall, Lincolnshire► on a visit to the Duke of St. Albans. His Excellency the Earl of Carlisle left to` 0 yesterday morning for Dublin, to resutne his duties as Lor d Lieutenant of Ireland. The Countess of Elgin, as we understand frail the last telegram received by the family from India, is 011 her way home from Lahoro. The day after the intermen t of the late earl's rem tins the countess and suite left for Bombay, whence they return home. It is expected that the countess and family will arrive in England toward s the latter end of January or in February. Lord Huntingfield will entertain a large shootivg party at his seat in Suff ilk during the present week. Lord Broughton is entertaining a select party" o t Tedworth, Hants. The Countess Blucher has arrived at Maurie ° Hotel from Paris, on her way to visit her Majesty at sor Castle. Lady Mary Craven has left Thomas's Notel Berkeley-square, for Moleoomb House, Chichester, 0 3 5 visit to the Prince and Princess Edward of Saxe-Weil: 3°. Mr. Craven has returned to Melton Mowbray. The Hon. Admiral Rota and Mrs. ROSS hal arrived at Dean Park, on a visit to the Earl and Countess °' Cardigan. SECOND ANNIVERSARY OF THE DEATH OF TII S i PRINCE CONSORT.—Yesterday being the secan t ' anniversary of the death of the lamented Prince Consort, her Majesty and the members of the royal family attended a religious service which took place about half-past tent within the walls of the royal mausoleum at Frogmore. 11 ; the afternoon the whole of the se r va n t s o f th e Q ue en's Prince of Wales's households were allowed to visit the mausoleum, between 12 and four o'clock, by permission ef her Majesty, when some hundreds of the servants and th eir families availed themselves of the opportunity of inspecting the Prince's tomb. The interior of the mausoleum, whit! is octagon in shape and still in an unfinished condition, portion of the work being boarded, was beautifully deco rated with choice exotics, while the recumbent effigy of t , il o Prince Consort beneath a canopy of carvel wood, and a's; the tomb, were ornamented with wreaths of evergreens and immortelles, placed there by the hands of the Queen the princes and princesses. During the time the man °l9 ; let= was open there was a constant stream of the r o y al servants to and from the Frogmore grounds, all wearing mourning, while many of the public, attracted by ° l° scene, applied in vain for admission at the gates of the Pri vate road leading from the Long. walk to the roausolesi nl• Those of the servants who had brought friends with tb had to leave them behind at the gates, the police having strict orders to admit none but persone employed in the Castle and the domestics of the royal households. It I° hoped that her Majesty will, on the completion of the m an solemn, allow the general public an opportunity of seeing the resting-place of the Prince Consort. THE GREAT EASTERN.—PROPOSED LOTTE NT DISTRIBUTION.—The Liverpool creditors met again yesi er day to consider the two schemes of the formation of a x ew company, in which the creditors shall stand as paid up shareholders, and the disposal of the ship by lottery. lia ° opinion was decidedly in favour of the latter project, p ora cularly as it was ascertained that counsel in London 118c1 reported in favour of its practicability. The arrangeros .o for the lottery would be carried out at Frankfort-on -1 !e - Maine, though the shares would all be held in Englii It is proposed to have 200 prizes, ranging from £20,00C ' t ° £250. 1'13.E CHARING-CROSS RAILWAY. Yester IBY Captain Tyler, the Government inspector, in CO In : pany with Mr. Hawkshaw, renewed his inquiry into t's condition of this line, and proceeded to test the nume/ 011 , , iron road bridges that carry it from the Charing - c rl bridge to the London-bridge terminus. The stru ctt 't e r were severally tested with weights equivalent to a ton - 1 3 0 e r , foot on each line of rails, the general average &flee e ti o being only half an inch on the centres and a quarter " inch on the cross girders, the result being considered satisfactory. The iron plate girder bridge at the Lou ( i° j a bridge end is the largest structure of its kind, es ter ri I over a total span of 18611 and weighing upwards of 300 t s The bow and string bridge over outhwark-streethatsbo span of 132 ft in the clear. There is no other line 111 lraa kingdom that, within the short spaco of three Wi les '. re , such massive and masterly engineering works. This 1-:3;lio noon the important process of testing the strength of cylinders and piers took place, when the structure was 0,700 jected to the severe dead weight-over all the 16 piers of I ' - r , tons, and this terminated the Government inspector's perimental testing. AMERICAN MAIL STEAMERS DUE AT LEYERP °I4 i 8 Tilts WEEK.—There are three mails due at Liverpool 1- week from the United States, viz.—The City of Bal titl,2rei; from New York on the sth, may be expected at Queer ts t l o late to-night or early to-morrow morning ; the Alz e , r. r - r ; from Portland on the bth, may be looked for at Londcw `' ) h . in the course of to-morrow ; the Cunard steamer . 101 from Boston on the 9th, and Halifax early in the no r ' a the of the 11th, may be expected to reach Queenstown snp a ll course of Saturday next. Should the City of Balti m ore °) off Cape Race, we will have (should she receive desp ate4 a week's later news from the United States. THE HORSE CHESTNUT TURNED TO ACCOUN T A correspondent of the Queen throws out th e ' °- e lowing suggestions in regard to the present idle w astiS ro the crop of horse chestnuts :—When we see scattered ant alleys and avenues and parks the fruit of the horse ell e h s r to ' we are all astonished that science has not yet beer , s " z ee tae turn it to some use. But we are not long in suspe cti f`'tifol cause, if by chance we taste one of these large and be- , ( 11 chestnuts with which the children amuse thenise lle- ni . strong, an intense bitterness assails our tongues ill it°- „ ° t ne disagreeable manner. Is this defect sufficient the call s- tr a• cultivation of the horse chestnuts to be abandoned as n ti tive substance ? We do not think so. No one is ign art' e a of the repulsive taste of the olive when plucked all go r from the tree; and yet every one knows the excellent .1)14, poses to which the olive can be turned. Th e means by avl/I', we render eatable the fruit of the olive tree s uffice to vsi l , quish what is offensive in the horse chestnut. If in offs ; we take the trouble to grate the horse chestnuts, to ays: o , them sufficiently to obtain the toacula; if, afterwardta steep this fwcula in water fur 10 or 12 hours, then ifs,tory we wash it, and finally , if we piece the last residue in a `pry fine sieve, so that the water alone escapes, we obtain a st w ater, and so that there may be 1 3 ° free from bitterness and possessing all the qualities of vr This process for obtaining the lwcula of the horse ches t° o t • Many learned men have devoted a sP 0 cial study thereto from the year 1615, the epoch what t13 1 ,i horse chestnut was brought from Constantino le;tor 4rit :,, 0 b ay Bochelier, and when the first of these trees introduced `-ot t b a y s t w e , a i s s hi v n e g r;: j o i l ild France was planted in one of the tours of the Saubise 3111 ; Bio ,. The attention devoted to the subject by M. 1 303, P- ;* sident of the Court of Accounts at Montpellier, goes 9'3 back as 1720, A t a later period, the celebrated Parvic 3ji; tier, and the l earned and illustrious Ba t une, made P i , 1 33 0 experiments on this f ru it, which all were crowne d complete success. The freaula of th.e horse chestnut ita ployed with advantage in Germany as starch for the 1 11 s er .. facture of paste, t o be employed by binders and Pl a is makers. In the departments of Eure and Isere thp fail 0 obtained by particular preparations, the basis of wil l° 0 always water. The starch can be made as white and lio e _ ll that tarnished by grain. Thus prepared, it can, for ev v ` er y purpose, take the place of the potato, and affords a t J s a wholesome food. In 1757 M. 111 arean din reconarnendeu_va water in which the grated horse - chest nuts had been w` as suitable for bleaching linen, and for M u lling wool len This same water which has been employed to w ail). 7 0 ' 1 _ t oo pare the possesses also the property of takligio stains out of silk without destroying the colours. 1 1, 0 a ro not all. The pulp forms a food which various anirund fond of. At Constantinople the horse-chestnut, g uf ve at powder, and mixed with bran, is given to horses to Flanders, at Auchin, an oil is extracted froiti,t.a or to cure certain diseases to which they are sub.:l'7.'oo,- chestnut suitable for burning and also for food. s! this bark of the tree is useful for tanning. 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