The Sun. — London, England, 1863-09-09 00:00:00

LIFE AT BIARRITZ. (From the Times' Correspondent.) BIARRITZ, Sept. 5. The Empress and the Prince Imperial arrived here at 2 o'clock on Monday morning last. This early hour was chosen probably to spare the authorities the trouble of a formal reception, of addresses, and processions of young girls cheesed in white strewing flowers and presenting bouquets. The three tri umphal arches,—one at the railroad terminus of St. Esprit, which as a faubourg of Bayonne is now at tached to the Department of the Basses Pyrenees, the other at the village of Anglet, where the road turns off to Biarritz, and the third at its entrance, close to the Imperial residence, or as it is now called the Villa Eugenie,—were barely completed. All other display was dispensed with. The Mayor's proclamation, while informing the good people of Biarritz of the Empress's approaching visit, recommended them to refrain from any noisy de monstrations of loyalty, and otherwise to respect the retirement and repose of the august visitors. The Empress fee's nowhere more at home and more independent in her movements than in this long, familiar spot. In every other place, whether at Fontainebleau, St. Cloud, or Compiegne, a certain degree of etiquette is observed which interferes more or less with freedom of action. At Biarritz it is not so. Their Majesties come hither to seek re pose, though not absolute solitude, and they live and move about pretty much as any of the people they see about them. You meet them any morning or evening walking about the streets, or strolling along the beach or on the slopes. Everybody treats them with respect, and nobody intrudes upon them. For the Empress it is her place of predilection. She frequented it in times gone by, when she certainly did not dream that she should one day wear the crown of France. Not a pass, a ruin, a glen, or a streamlet which is not familiar to her, and the pleasure with which she revisits them as Empress of the French is not less lively than when she knew them as simple Eugenie Montijo. The morning after her arrival she might be seen, accompanied by one or two attendants, walking about the town, or on the beach between the Imperial residence and the Port Vieux, the favourite resort of bathers. The villa is nearly at the water's edge, and stands on a terrace the base of which at high tides is beaten by the sea. A very few years ago the piece of land at tached to it was but a sandy plain. It is now covered with verdure and shrubs ; is enclosed by wooden palisades, and is irrigated by means of small canals, which are fed from an artificial lake at a short dis tance. Biarritz itself, from an insignificant village some five-and-twenty years since, is become a re spectable town, and is every year growing larger. its lodging houses, hotels, and restaurants are good, and the prices by no means extravagant. You have the casino, with its coffee room, and its terrace where you eat your ice, sip your coffee, smoke your cigar, read, loiter, or converse, whil e you breathe an atmosphere which is health itself ; or the theatre, with Levassor or some other Parisian favourite every night. you stroll through streets thronged with English, French, and Spaniards in every variety of cos tume, and all affording a scene of animation which cannot be surpassed anywhere. As it is just now the height of the season, Bi:rritz is crowded, and every day brings new visitors ; and where they all find room it is not easy to imagine. The carriages which ply between Bayonne and Biarritz keep up a perpetual movement. Spacious and handsome chars-a-bane, with accommodation for twenty per sons, omnibuses, with six insides and six out sides ; Darrip,Tand's diligencea and neat caleches, all admirably horsed, are available at moderate prices. Bazaars displaying shawle,silks, muslins, babouches, Turkish pipes, and what in case of need passes for Latakia tobacco, reading rooms, gymnastics, the Spanish hawker with his blue velvet jacket orna mented with silver filigree buttons, his red sash round his waist, his head bound with a yellow silk handker- chief, broad-shouldered, deep-chested, and carrying his immense pack of soft goods as lightly as if it were a cushion of down ; with a smile, a salute, and a com pliment for old and young,handsome and ill favoured, gentle and simple—in Spanish or Basque, French or Gaseon—for it is all the same to him—are all at hand to minister to your taste. Juan Perez has not, it is true, made much progress in English. Whether he adopts Figaro's theory as to the root of the language I know not, but 1 suspect he is of opinion that "How do you do ?'' and " Good bye" will enable him to face every emergency. If you are of a romantic turn, the Chamber d'Amour, with its touching legends, the curious cavern of Ustarits, the picturesque Cambo, Roland's pass, the secluded valley of Itsatsou, Hasparren, Fontarabir, whose echoes repeated the doleful blast of the wild horn which announced to Charlemagne the death of his hero in Roncesvalles, the crags of San Marcia!, with its votive chapel and ever burn ing lamp, commemorating the triumph of the Spanish army over the French during the great war of independence, the Nivelle, the Nive, the Adour—all are near at hand. There is another sp't of a different character about half-an hour's drive, and which few quit this part of the country without visiting. I allude to the establishment known as the Refuge, which is di- rected by the religious community, the " Servantes de Marie," and that of the Bernardines, at a short advance from it, both in the commune of Anglet. _ . The pleasant and picturesque village of Anglet stands close to the route from Bayonne to the Spanish frontier, at the angle where that of Biarritz begins. It is halfway between both towns. It was on the heights of Anglet that the English division was posted which commanded the high road to Spain during the preparations for crossing the Adour, and the blockade of Bayonne, in 1814. Its name occurs several times in the military de spatches of the period. On the sandy plain between Auglet and Biarritz the Refuge has arisen, as it were, by magic, by the energy of a single man. Some five and twenty years ago the Abbe Cestac, whose name has long since gained a well-merited celebrity throughout the Pyrenees, founded at Bayonne, to the Cathedral of which he was attached, an or phan asylum, the direction of which he confided to the sisterhood known as the Servants of Mary.' this. un_kprehensive benevolence was not content with of yolin li t e opened a home for the unfortunate class fested Zaotnen,the outcasts of society, who mani placed theteire to abandon their evil ways, and he Bordeaux itut;er the name of files repenties, at orphan asylum. Toulouse in houses belonging to the . In 1839 he bought out of his own resources, w i th 4001 ground in the some help from hie family, a spot of by hinrri.t z. tween Anglet and ilseittcluded part of the plain be huts, and aided On this he built straw , 'later who *oined the sister hood of the Servants of 14 j their superior, under the name" 7 ead soon became the Abbe Cestac set t e , a Sister Magdalene, mostlL on the ungrateful Noe _ soil, and obtained the goodly results. y Work he was While engaged in this made the mark for every mind ot e i , / es ; and, sa rcasm were ascribed by scoffers to the Worst ta • His acts even by those who knew his single purity, to an overweening vanity, or t o e .: : ", 6 , 8 _ and ticism. He persisted through good report and evil Not a garret, or a cellar, report, never turning aside from his 11°L object, and never once desponding. where he knew that vice or misery lurked Within the sphere of his ministry, but be visited. In little more than two years from its foundation the Refug e of Anglet sheltered near 200 young women rescued from vice, and lodged, fed, clothed, and taught to work. The Refuge now consists of 550, includ ing " Servants of Mary" and tqtepenties." The cells are built of stone, but the straw but which was the first habitation on the sands is still preserved. Every sort of neddle work is now done there, from the finest embroidery to the coarsest garments used by the peasants; and a marriage trousseau, valued at some hundreds of pounds, was completed last week. Certain articles of carpentry work are done by the sisterhood. Their farmhouse is well stocked with Breton cows,poultry) and pigs; their dairy is excellent, the butter is in great repute in the neighbourhood, and from this last article alone the Community received during the past year about £l5O. No member of the Comma- nits remains unemployed for a single moment of the day. Those who are not employed in manual labour are engaged iu teaching the poor children of the neighbourhood. The funds derived from the sale of their produce, needlework, or tillage are spent in educating the poor, and in other work- of bene volence. The "Servantes de Marie" and “ R e _ penties" are cloistered; the former for life, the latter for whatever period they may think proper. The "Servantes de Marie" wear a light blue uniform, with the hood, veil, and rosary of the regular recluse. The " Repenties" have the blue gown, with a shawl marked with a large white cross; instead of the veil and hood they wear the handkerchief on the head, the same as that in com- S m t o ra n n Strangers visitingamong the establishment are received with courtesy by one of the sisterhood, and are offered such refreshments as the house can afford— excellent brown bread, delicious butter, wine, cheese, and eau sucree. They feel a pleasure in showing you the neat refectory, cowhouse, piggery, rabbit enclosures, garden, and cemetery. When one re calls to mind what that place was some 20 years ago, and sees what is now is, it is impossible not to feel the highest admiration for the founder. During their stay at Biarritz the Emperor and Empress oc casionally visit the Refuge, which, of course, dis plays its rustic triumphal arch, the Mayor of Biar ritz being a very devoted functionary. Their Ma jesties are received with the courtesy shown to every one. They invariably leave some marks of their bounty, and the sisterhood certainly do not forget them in their prayers. The order of the " Servantes de Marie" has spread the influence and exertions of the Abbe Casto with wonderful rapidity. There are few places in the departments of the Low, High, and Eastern Pyre nees, where there are not branches of it ; and where ever the outcast is to be reclaimed, the orphan shel tered, and the ignorant to be taught, there you are sure to find a member of the Community. It has branches in various provinces of Spain, and some of the sisters were detached not long ago from the parent establishment of Anglet to organise a house in Madrid. But this is not the only conventual society you meet on the sands of Anglet. About a quarter of an hour's drive from the Refuge you find a Commu nity under the rigid rule of St. Bernard. The Ber nardines pass their days in seclusion as complete as if they lived in the desert of Egypt. The sanction of the Pope for this establishment under the rule of St. Bernard was obtained in 1851 by the Abbe Cestac. The sisterhood spend their time in improv ing and tilling the soil, in prayer, and meditation. From that lonely spotithe Bernardines have no view of the village of Anglet, of Biarritz, of the ocean which beats at the base of the sandhills in the dis tance, of the river, or the mountains. The straw cabins which they erected with their own hands in 1850 have since been replaced by ones partly of stone and partly of earth. They transplanted a quantity of soil to the sands on which their huts stand, and on it they cultivate asparagus, cabba ges, maize, and even vines. Their dress consists of an ample gown of the coarsest wool undyed, to which is attached a hood ; from a rope tied round the waist depends a rosary, and on the shoulders is a large cross made of light blue stuff. When working in the fields during the heat of summer, they are allowed to wear a broad-brimmed hat, made out of the coarsest straw, such as that used by the peasant women. The food of the Bernard ines is coarse, but not unwholesome. Their beds are simply pieces of canvass made like hammocks. They quit them at daybreak, and after some time spent in devotion in their chapel they repair to their labour in the fields, which is only interrupted by a short repast or by prayer at stated hours. Absolute silence is imposed upon them, the only exception being in case of illness. When the Em peror visited the place a year or two ago, he ex pressed a wish to see the features of one of the sis ters whose air of distinction, even under her coarse attire, struck him, but he failed to obtain what he asked. It would be a mistake to suppose that the Community consists exclusively of the poorer class of society. Young persons belonging to families of good standing and means have sought, and still seek, to be received in it. There are instances where postulants of the class I allude to have been rejected on the ground that their health was not robust enough to practice the severe rules of the Order. They were not received even as novi ces, and after repeated entreaties, contented them• selves with becoming sisters of the neighbouring Community, as " Servantes de Marie." The ordinary route from Bayonne to Biarritz is the bigh road from the Porte d'Espagne to the vil lage of Anglet. The other passes by the beautiful walk known as the Allees Marines, along the banks of the Adour to the downs which lie between the villas and gardens of Bayonne and the sea. There are few sensations more delicious than those you experience while descending on a sum mer's morning the banks of the river, which, from this point, where its waters are increased by its junction with the Nive, really looks like a noble stream. At the extremity of the Allees Marines you enter the pine woods the verdure of which defies the winds of autumn and the cold of winter. The road winds through this wood for about au hour, when it emerges on the downs. At one time you enter a deep ravine, where you are shut in among sandhills, and a moment after you catch a glimpse of the sea glittering in the beams of the morning sun. As you proceed along towards the Chambre d'Amour and the Lighthouse, you perceive groups of women working in the maize fields on your left, whom you recognise as Bernardines by their peculiar habit and the large blue cross on their shoulders. If you happen to inquire which of the many paths before you leads to Biarritz, they raise their faces for a moment from the ground, and point with the finger—but not a word is uttered. From this spot half an hour's smart walk brings you to Biarritz. It is possible that at some future time the Refuge and the plantations of the Bernardines will be cited as instances of the skill of religious communi ties in selecting the most favourable site for esta blishing themselves. It is certain that, however flourishing the site may b e a t some distant period, nothing could be more d eso l a t e , and, apparently, more incapable of being turned to account than the spot on which, not many years ago, the Bernardines and Servantes de Marie pitched their tents. FATAL ACCIDENT TO A SURGEON. Yesterday evening Mr. Wm. Payne, City coroner, held an inquiry at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, re specting the death of Mr. George Mullins, aged 72 years, who lost his life under the following cir cumstances : Mr. J. W. Key, 18, Westmoreland-place, said that deceased was a surgeon, and resided at No. 5, Holland-street, Brixton. On Sunday afternoon h e came to dine with witness. He only drank two glasses of ale at dinner and he was quite sober. H e was very deaf. Witness saw him into an omnibus for London-bridge, and he no doubt got out of i t in Holborn to get a Kennington omnibus. Alfred Skidder Slater said that he saw deceased standing in the roadway of Holborn-hill. A cab drove up, and though the driver called out, de ceased never moved. The shaft of the cab struck him in the temple and knocked him under the wheel, which, however, did not go over him. When lifted up he said, " Oh, my poor head." He was re moved to the hospital. An other witness said that deceased stood in the carriage -way Mr. B. Smith, " as if mesmerised." Monday morn i ng house fracture t of deceased esPired on the B i l l u t i h t e ir e om the fall. The shaft had s t ruc k hi m right Accidental Death. alYeet_' Ver livLeAnr, avtnrattas-mac—h. I . I T ag gravated and a ce perfectly eurabic e b ler Arabia Food, -1-- Consumption I complaints, b Il ia every'a all nervous, ated Vir our e q e u d o a t f e t r e t d r s f tehweef. o a u re s, en bi l l y io ag us . ous e a a a lth restoring Revalenta as Y Du B Y y ar , s g h s of every description, but been considered hu P p t e T red by thousands a li b i a s n s d L oM e, a ll l B y h e o ar pe s s e o tß f sa f, • pulmonary consumption, Ivi er t recov u erY from ra exhaustion, spitting of blood, rearful emaciated to a skeleton. healthy, blooming, fleshy girl.— .... c a e s d e i s c a w l h ra l c e h h h h a a d d Cure No. 62,914. cough, the last stage of She ipeerpira r ions h , h e o x l pectoration, r ii w, thank God low cheeks. Police. Cure, No. 48,270. mr, James Co a a p s e: f ir e c t I y Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lunc, oberts of le • e de bs , elpittin runley derangement. and partial deafness.—Cure, lig of blood,liver Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, °. 47 ' 121 ' Miss gatherings, lotv' spirits, and nervous f ancis.— i ndigeatton, 54,816. The Rev. James T. Campbell, Fakenh Cu i sT re ' ri lio • of indigestion and torpidity of the liver, which had °resisted°ik' all medical treatment. In tins, 11b, 2s 9d; 21b, 4 8 6d. S V , 118; 121 b, 225; 241 b, 40 s. Barr y du Barry and Co., No. -77 Regent-street, London ; also Fortnum and Mason ; and all grocers and chemists in every town of the - United Kingdom. HIGH SPEED IN THE NAVY. The exploits of the Florida and Alabama convey too im portant a lesson to be lightly passed over. They affora an example &era which much may be learned, much gained, if we please to profit by the information which their career — almost unexampled in the history of maritime warfare-- supplies to the nation and the eroveiiiinitt. We have here two steamers of small site, with light guns, unprotected by armour, and with crews of, perhaps, at most 200 men each, doing an unparalleled amount of injury to an enemy's com merce and trade, burning and destroying wherever they please, and setting at defiance the whole Federal navy; fighting when so disposed, flying when occasion requires ; intangible, vanishing from the grasp of the destroyer only to destroy. The characteristics of the Alabama are well known. The Florida is described as a " screw steamer of extraordinary swiftness ; her hull long and low ; no external traces visible of her real strength and power." It is stated on evidence, which we see at pre sent no reason to doubt, that this little vessel had destroyed not less than 9,700,000 dole. worth of Federal pro perty, up to the 11th of last May, and, most suggestive fact of all, she has managed to elude 13 Federal cruisers sent spe cially in pursuit of her. Even if we take these statements cunt grano salis, the mere fact of the Florida and Alabama being still in existence proves how difficult it is for regular men .of-war to capture or destroy vessels whose great speed permits them to act the part of guerillas, the rapidity of whose movements prevents the acquirement of accurate knowledge of their whereabouts. The history of naval war fare shows unmistakably that heavy freights and ships of the line are totally unfitted to pursue and capture privateers; answenpnahoaeri possible, warfare— half. iaerybeewl—kei own against h af savage, men whohisadf exposes thatrxr athsefhlcupaeei the be s t p r e ___ahst r carry sao production eothhhni those predatory, opportunity moments aotmeotdsenahant sfge o h rere a rw l just as regular troops usually fail in operations undertaken o a f mh -r s e s ah l a k l i ye t i : h a u l sg e gi s eo a ll h , ef ifoc w rah e m continueamagnificentr performingoba probably to lhf iyeedeawetdveediofgtihert weightier operationspooareluffnaslrdtphneeoi d nsi invariablyhesgrei:bfaiiael vessels r e icsdt f eyt w a a o here after to the long list of yvis s hu e sd a ciuPetinis b teo a cewnd ttles in which England has been victorious. But we state without hesitation that these are not the vessels to cope with such craft as the Alabama and Florida. The Warrior could not waste her time in look ing for such ships. True, she might happily fall foul of one of them now and then, sink, burn, and destroy ; but we ima gine ships of the Alabama case would take particular care to keep at that safe distance which prudence dictated from our heavy frigates ; and very little examination or inquiry is necessary to show that we have at present no other steam ships, built or building, really competent to undertake the destruction of such dangerous fees to commerce. It is folly to propose the despatch of a frigate costing over half a million sterling in pursuit of a craft not worth the tenth part of the sum ; we may rest assured that recourse will never be had to such an expedient while it remains possible to avoid it. What the exact amount of destruction to our commerce may be which would render it impossible, we can form no idea; that it would be very considerable we have no doubt. Thus, in 1812, an American war brig, the Argus, at one time took up her station off the south coast of Ireland, cruising between the Tuskar and the Saltees, about the Ist of August. "The West India fleet now began to return, the ships of war leaving them at the chops of the Channel and proceeding to Portsmouth. Now began the Argus's destruction of the homeward-bounds. For several days and nights captures were made, and with their rich and valuable cargoes consigned to the flames, which were seen blazing and smoking as they drifted by. No large ship of war could be spared at the time for the Cork station." After doing an incalculable amount of mischief, the Argus was destroyed by the Pelican. sloop of war sent specially in pursuit of her. We are not a whit better prepared for such foes now than we were in 1812. It is not with gun-brigs we would have to deal in the event of a modern war, but with steamers whose speed would enable them to laugh our ships to scorn ; and it is therefore well that the attention of those in power should be drawn to the necessity of providing a fleet of small steamers, specially constructed to encounter the privateers—for so we will term them—which a hostile Government would launch by the hundred againstour mer cantile marine. The construction of such a fleet would entail little expense. Half-a .dozen serviceable war-steamers might be built, en gined, and fitted for the price of the Warrior ; but to be efficient, they wouldrequira to be extremely unlike any of the small sloops or despatch vessels we have now afloat. The first consideration must be speed. On tfiis their powers of attack, their capabilities for making reprisals, and the facility for escaping when threatened by an overwhelming force, would entirely depend. Length would be necessary to ensure velocity; light draught of water to enable them to pursue, or fly into shallows—a qualification which would seem to dictate a recourse to the twin• screw principle, or something analogous. To cover such vessele with armour plates would be simply to render them useless. As a rule, they would have to con tend only with ships as unprotected as themselves. They would no more attempt to encounter a modern frigate than one of our 10. gun brigs of 50 years ago would a 120-gun ship. It might, probably, be found advantageous to fit them with a single strake of armour plates between wind and water; even this is doubtful, and should only be done after mature consideration. The question of armament is not one difficult of solution. A single 100113. rifled gun on Whit worth's, or some other principle equally good, and a couple of 681 b. muzzle-loaders, would, we conceive, be amply suffi cient. Did we possess any large guns perfectly trust worthy, they could find no place more suitable for the exer cise of their own powers than on the upper decks of such ships. The evils attending the discharge of the heaviest ordnance between decks, in comparatively confined situa tions, are well understood. In the open air, however, and with plenty of room to work them, their use would quickly become as habitual to the sailor as the carronade or the long 08; but, unfortunately, the success of any gun throwing shot over 1001 b, weight is too exceptional to enable us to calculate with certainty on their capabilities. Masts and sails would, we conceive, be out of place in the ships we speak of. Depending wholly on their engines for the excessive speed which would really be the measure of their efficiency, spars would be of little service ; and, being liable to be shot away, might foul the screw at the most critical moment. They are inimical to the attainment of speed, unless when going dead before the wind, or nearly so. It is very well understood that the top hamper of our steam frigates isa principal cause why they do not attain the speed of our merchant vessels ; and ships intended to steam seven teen or eighteen knots an hour could not tolerate their re tarding influence. It is generally considered that a steamer without spars would be powerless if her engines broke down. Perhaps ; but there is no reason whatever that when placed in such a predicament she should not resort to the same ex pedient as a sailing vessel which had lost her masts—no thing would be easier than to stow jury masts, &c., so that they could be rendered available when occasion required. The absence of masts and top hamper would render a steamer burning Welch coal almost invisible at the distance of a few miles; one of the most desirable objects„in the kind of war fare we are speaking of. When we remember how light the armament necessary to these vessels would be, it is easy to understand that great size would be out of place. The real measure of their carry ing capacity would depend on the size of their engines and the quantity of coals stowed. 17 to 18 knots could be got in fair weather from vessels propelled by engines of some 3,000 effective horse-power. 800 horee-power has been developed ere now by a 35 ton locomotive ; and there is no reason that marine engines should be much heavier proportionately to their power. Screw engines and boilers, with water, of 3,000 horse-power might, by a liberal use of steel, and wrought iron instead of cast, be so constructed as not to weigh more than 200 tons. Making every allowance, 70 tons of coals in the 24 hours would supply the engines with steam ; and a cruise of eight days, nearly at full speed, would thus come within the power of the ship. The mere fact, however, of a ship being able to steam 17 cr 18 knots an hour, is no rea son whatever that she should always run at that speed. The consumption of fuel increases as the cube of the velo city, and a very slight reduction in the number of knots steamed per hour would enable coal to be reserved for those moments when the engines would be exerted to the utmost. A powerful blower, arranged suitably, would double the evaporative power of the boiler at such a time. The me te r t e r u ra c e t l i y n g trus en t g w in o e r s th; c hanical engineer wou ld exper i ence no difficulty in whilecon .hicAhlthon gh very ru n light, occasionally w o uld be at e thex high speed for which they should be specially designed, their ordinary rate would be moderate, consequently repairs would not be heavy; and not only the engines but the ships could be refitted in almost any port on our coasts, as their moderate size would place them within the powers of any private shipbuilding establishment or engineering firm. These war vessels would be admirably adapted, as well to afford a secondary protection to our own commerce as to de stroy that of the enemy, while their comparatively trifling cost would deprive the loss of one or two, now and then, of any very serious consequences. We have not at present a single ship of the kind. The old steam frigates of the Bull dog and Cyclops class are fast disappearing, their slow speed rendering them utterly w or thl ess . Th e all-absorbing subject of iron-plating has thrown every other question connected with the navy or the protection of our commerce comparatively into the shade, and our nav a l es t a bli s h ment will soon be composed of nothing but costly fi rs t- rates. That the construction o f he avy war ships is of imp or t ance importance great enough t o admit—but that it is of an we banish all other considerations we deny. A Florida or an Alabama may play havoc with our commerce to-morrow, and we feel pretty certain that our iron plated frigates will m. The be far too busily engaged to prevent the Govern ment may, perhaps, contemplate taking up and arming our merchant steamers iu the event of a war. The evidence given before the House of Commons some 14 or 15 years ago, was scarcely sufficiently encoura ging- even then to war rants uch a any great reliance on th e a id t o b e d er ived from force—there is not a ship of th e ki n d which would not re quire immense strength en i ng b e f ore s h e cou ld b e con sidered fit to carry one or t wo 68- poun d ers, and war m i g ht b e half over before they could be qualified to take any part in it. To be at peace, let us be prepared for every description of naval attack and defence. A f ew hundred thousand pounds, properly laid out now, may possibly prevent the less of Viliona hereafter; and our readers may rest assured that e question we have placed before them is one of vital im portance, well worthy the careful t of thinking men y Mechanics' ittagazin;. THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 9, 1 863. - _ rte... SPIRIT OF TIM PUBLIC JOURNALS. TlMES.—Apart from the interest naturally excited by a struggle so gallantly sustained, we find in the incidents of the siege of Charleston many lessons of the utmost import ance to military and na l ialeeienee. While we are theorising, the Americans are practising. Our speculatione arid e*peri merits proceed side by side with the actual war across the Atlantic, and it behoves us to lose no opportunity of testing our conclusions by the results of the experience there ac quired. Unfortunately, this is not so easy a task as might be supposed, The Americans, from the very beginning of the war, have adhered to one particular sYsterd with little deviation, and this system happens to have no parallel in our experiments. The comparison fails, therefore, for want of homogeneous quantities. The Americans have not tried our model, and we have made to trial of theirs. Besides this impediment, like siht almostt s u he dl se d . Before medfpoearnses exact tteoeouhld balance description in a f la r n o from ef the tt hh ee we scene of war detail s o f suc h a b solute accuracy as are required for calculations powers of attack and d e f ence as exemplified in any operation,particu lar armament on one side and the protecting works on the other; whereas it is usually uncertain what guns are employed, or against what defences they are directed. We learn the re sults in general terms, but nothing more. Just now, how ever, we have received a report which, although leaving much to be conjectured or inferred, does undoubtedly con vey a remarkable piece of intelligence. It is announced, on the authority of the general in command of the besiegers, that one of the Charleston forts —the famous Fort Sumter —has been practically demolished by the fire of batteries at a range of two miles or upwards, This is an extraordinary feat, and as such, indeed, it seems to have been regarded by the combatants on both sides. The Federal General Gilmore makes a special report of it to his Govern ment, and communicates also an opinion of General Beauregard—a most competent judge—to the effect that the projectiles employed were the most destructive missiles ever used in warfare. But we are not told what these missiles were. Beyond the general compliment to their efficiency we get little direct information. From the terms in which they are spoken of we infer that they were shells of some kind, and not solid shot, and we also learn that the bombardment lasted seven days. We collect, too, that some at least, if not all, of the batteries were armed with 200-pounder Parrott guns, but it is not certain what class or classes of ordnance are comprised in that designa tion, Of the number of pieces actually employed against the fort from day to day we have no authentic return, and, though we know that a powerful squadron took part in the attack, we cannot tell exactly to what extent this co-opera tion was carried. Above all, we have no sufficient account of the defences of Fort Sumter. We know that it was in itself an old-fashioned piece of brickwork, and that it had recently been Fitt engthened by all the additions and supports which the ingenuity of the Confederate engineers could devise. Still, though cotton bales and similar coverings were doubtless useful, they could not turn a weak place into a strong one, and the shells from the Federal batteries appear to have pierced the walls through and through. Before we offer any remarks on the operations thus reported, we wish to give some account of another event of the war to which attention has not been sufficiently directed. A month or two ago a new Confederate ironclad, called the Atalanta, came out from Savannah to engage two of the Monitors —the Weehawken and the Nahant—engaged in the blockade of Charleston. The Atalanta was a larger and heavier vessel than either of her opponents, and carried six guns, whereas the Monitors carried but two each. But the Atalanta's guns were only 6-inch and 7-inch guns, mounted two on each broadside and two fore and aft, while the guns of the Monitors, carried in turrets, were 15-inch pieces, throwing solid shot of 4401 b weight. The Confe derate commenced the action confidently with her pivot guns, and fired three shots at the Weehawken, but to little purpose. The Weehawken then replied with with one of her monstrous cannon, and the first shot, we are told, " virtually decided the action. ' It tore right through the Atalanta's side, and knocked down forty of het crew. Four other shot followed, but at the fifth discharge the Southerner ran up a white flag, and the battle was over. It had lasted scarcely 15 minutes, and was finished before the Nahant could get up to take part in it: The incident is recorded not only with a natural grati fication on the part of the Federals, but as a convincing preof of the efficiency_which has been somewhat stub bornly contested —of the Dahlgren gun. We cannot deny that the story is a striking one ; but we happen, on this oc casion, to know something of its other side. The victors gave a specification of the armament and defences of the captured ship, and it turns out that the four inches of wrought iron plating with which she was armed mean only two layers of iron bars, two inches thick, placed one over the other. In short, she was a second Merrimac, and though creditable, we dare say, to the skill of shipwrights working under difficulties, can hardly be regarded as an efficient ironclad. To return, however, to the general question, we find two great principles steadily preserved in American practice. In artillery, the calibre of the gun and the weight of the shot are made as great as possible ; in shipbuilding, the turret pattern prevails over every other. These prin ciples, too, would appear to be in some degree connected, if we are to assume —what has not yet been proved—that only turret ship s can carr y ve ry heavy guns. But neither one principle nor the other has yet been recognised in this country. We are building turret ships, it is true, among other models, but we have not given them any preference, while such a thing as a 400. pounder or 500-pounder gun has not been conceived. Our artillerists, indeed, have ex plicitly condemned the very doctrine on which the Dahlgren system of ordnance is based—that of throwing heavy pro jectiles with low velocities —and prefer to rely on velocity rather than weight. It must be remembered, however, as explanatory in some degree of the contrast between the two systems, that the Americans are shaping all their efforts according to the exceptional requirements of a ape. cial emergency. They build their ships for coast work and harbour service only. It is by no means certain that any one of the ironclads engaged in the siege of Charleston could be sent to sea with safety. They were intended only for such work as they have been performing, w h en , the conditions of our experiments are far more extensive. Nevertheless, until our inquiries have been aided by further evidence, it would be unwise to assume that we are right or that the Americans are wrong. The ironclads were once beaten off by the Charleston forts. They have now been more successful, but it seems as if the shore batteries left them only an inferior part in tha performance. Before we can form, however, an y safe conclusions it will be necessary to ascertain with accuracy what means were employed on each occasion on either side, and in what respects either the attack or defence had improved or degenerated between the first assault and the second. At present we see that the assailants have not only gained considerable advantages, but have achieved a very remarkable feat. If Fort Sumter were a gJod specimen of a modern fort, we should say that forts had been fairly beaten by guns ; but we know that the fort was only a piece of patchwork, and we are by no means sure that it was effectively armed. We therefore suspend judgment, and content ourselves with indicating the suc cessive incidents which this war produces for our instruc tint and guidance. POST.—While the tide of insurrection is apparently rising in the interior provinces of the Russian empire, the Polish question is gradually ceasing to present itself to Europe in the light of a diplomatic and international question. A great change has taken place in the character and bearing of the revolutionary movement, which we have been watching the last eight months, among the Slavonian subjects of the Emperor of Russia. It may be fraught with still greater danger to the Russian empire than when it was exclusively restricted to the kingdom of Poland, but the progress of the arrangements which are likely to be made for that part of the Emperor's dominions at present renders the insurrection a Russian, more than a European question. With the internal condition of the Russian empire, properly so designated, Europe has no concern. Her right of inter ference, arising under the Treaty of 1815, was strictly limited to the Kingdom of Poland; and we have reason to think that the French Government, as well as our own, are likely to be satisfied if solid concessions are made to the wishes of the Poles. It had become, indeed, absolutely necessary to Russia to disembarrass herself of a European question. The revolution, far from being limited to " Congress Poland," is spreading in fresh provinces of the Russian empire. It will have been observed in the tele grams which we published yesterday that it has broken out in considerable force in the territory of the Ukraine. As many as 25,000 peasants were declared to be in arms there. They had had two successive encounters with the Russians. Worsted in the former, they were victorious in the latter ; and it appears that they have captured extensive stores of arms, which will serve to equip a fresh legion of the pea sentry. 1 hese events carry the revolutionary movement into the heart of South-Western Russia. In the meanwhile the insurrection appears to be advancing in Lithuania, where the peasantry are declared to be contending with the imperial troops on at least equal terms. They have become facts of deep import to a Government which, hitherto blindly secure in its own maladministration, had only sought to impose its officious protectorate on its neighbours. The struggle seems, therefore, to be involving considerations of great magnitude to the Russian empire in Europe. In order to give the Imperial Government the means of coping with this extended danger, it has been found necessary to clench and concentrate its energies upon the growing disaffection in Russia Proper. There, the Court of St. Petersburg well knew that no diplomatic representations and no foreign in terference were admissible. It has been found, therefore, that even the most grasping policy rested, to a certain ex tent, in moderation; and that it would be more prudent, for the ipresent at least, to close an international ground of controversy than to allow a foreign and an internal question to grow into dangerous magnitude together. The Russian Government have therefore found them selves placed face to face with the question, what were the terms in respect to Poland which would set them free from the constant menace of European intervention, and which might also disarm the fierce hostility of the Poles, They have accordingly, as we are given to understand, propounded their view of reverting to the constitt;s t in al system of 1815, if not only to a yet clearer distinction t we en "the Kingdom of Poland" and the Russian empire. We believe that France, a moat strenuous champion of the No Polish cause, is likely to be satisfied with a bona fide tre sumption of the for m o f G overnmen t th at h ad been guaran- Caller On ma, t ee d by the Cong ress T reaty of V i enna. Indeed, this was fr o a standstill, and pa.._ of the butcher ' s horse. probably all for which th e thr ee P owers possessed any right The Shorts Handicap of 5 SO to contend. But upon other grounds, readily intelligible, it has been proposed by Russia to make common to the Russian empire certain parts at least bf the constitutional privileges to be assigned to Poland. The generdl tyrant of constitutions is calculated to arrest the tendency to insur rection in other parts of the Czar's dominions. This, how ever, is a matter of municipal and not of international con cern, The acquieserce of Russia in the spirit of our terms must terminate the "Polish question" or at the least post pone it for the next six months. But as the Russian Govern ment has to deal with domestic dangers which have sur tilted the importance of her international differences, it has become fitatter of pave necessity to satisfy the Poles themselves, as well as to defer to the contractors of the Treat' of Vienna. The truth is, that Poland, as a part of the Russian empire, has added little to its influence, while she has incessantly added to its external danger. It would really, therefore, not involve sO great a compromise of am bition as might at first sight appear, for Russia to acquiesce in the devolution of the Polish crown on some other head than that of the Czar; so long ss the King of Poland were a member of the Imperial house. Such a course would in deed be more dignified to Russia than the continued spec tacle of a Polish revolution, which she cannot put down ; for it is probable that it would meet with the concur rence of the Poles, as carrying with it the greatest measure of liberty that they could reasonably expect to attain. Much, of course, would depend on the choice of the prince. The Duke of Leuchtenberg,wbom the Russian Government were lately ready to put forward for the throne of Greece, is a young man of a moderation and intelligence that might render his name not unpopular among the Poles, and whose close relationship with the Imperial family would secure the concurrence of his foreign policy with the interests of Russia. We are inclined to believe it by no means im probable that the Polish revolution may be attempted to be closed by a concession of the crown to the prince we have named ; and in that event we shall have the prospect of a compromise which, if brought about in good faith and upon liberal bases, might possibly prove to be an adjustment of the difficulties by which the "Polish question " has been beset. - SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. WARWICK SEPTEMBER RACES.—TUESDAY. The proximity of the Great Doncaster Meeting imparts considerable interest to the Warwick September gathering, from the movements which annually take place upon the absorbing struggle impending in the North. Apart from this the programme at Warwick gave promise of sport beyond the average, considering the great number of ani mals that have been run through all over the country. The Course to-day was more crowded than we ever recollect to have seen it, an immense number of holiday people having arrived from Birmingham. The betting enclosure was crowded with professional speculators and backers, but, ex cept on the Leamington Stakes, for which everything that run was backed, speculation was of a limited character. The results will be found amply recorded below, and it is suffi• cient to state here that the principal event, " the Stakes," produced a most interesting race and a fine finish between Magnum Bonum and Flirtation, the first mentioned, who had not run since his " head" defeat of Blackdown at Brighton, obtaining the judge's verdict in this instance by a neck. Betting upon the St. Leger absorbed the attention of " the ring" during the intervals between the races, It was almost impossible to make anything out of Lord Clifden, for at one time a reaction took place, and as little as 7 to 1 being taken about him, and a few minutes afterwards 100 to 8 was laid amidst shouts of laughter. Then 2),000 to 190 was betted, and finally those odds were offered. The Ranger was not so firm, 6 to 1 on the field being offered early in the afternoon, and remaining to the end. Queen Berth a and Avenger were unquestionable, and probably for money Avenger was as good a favourite as anything. The Trial Stakes of 5 sovs each, with 50 added, for two-yr olds It d upwards; winners extra; mares and geldings allowed 41bs ; the winner to be sold for 600 soya, unless exemption from being sold is claimed at the time of en- trance, and horses for this claim are made to carry 91b extra. One mile. 5 subs. Lord Uxbridge's General Hess, 6 yrs, 9st .. (S. Rogers) 1 Mr. E. Brayley's Golden Dust, 3 yrs, 7st 121 b (Cannon) 2 Mr. Flealing's Cadiz, 3 yrs, 7st 81b (Norman) 3 London also ran. Betting -6 to 5 agst General Hess, 100 to 40 agst Golden Dust, 4 to 1 " bar two." The running was made by Cadiz, closely followed by General Hess and Golden Dust, London being left at the post. They ran without any variation from this order until reaching the five furlongs pest, where " the General" took a slight lead, but, upon entering the straight, appeared beaten, and gave way to Cadiz and Golden Dust. After seeming hopelessly defeated, General Hess came again, and, after a most brilliant display of patient riding on the part of Sam Rogers, won a splendid race by a neck; a head only separated the second and third. The Racing Stakes of 5 soya each, with 25 added, for 2-yr olds and upwards; selling and other allowances. Three quarters of mile. Mr. Mills's Vulture, aged (MO), Bst (J. Daley) 1 Mr. R. Sly's Acceptance, 2 yrs (ED), 6st 21b (in. 31b ex.) (A. Woodhouse) 2 The betting opened at 5 to 4 on Vulture, but closed at 6 to 4 on Acceptance. Vulture made play throughout, and won easily by a length. The winner was bought by Mr. Reeves for 50 guineas. Tho Leamington Stakes of 25 soya each, 15 ft, and 5 only if declared, with 100 added, for 3-yr-olds and up wards ; winners extra, Two miles. 56 subs., 39 of whom declared. Mr. Fleming's Magnum Bonum, 4 yrs, 7st 121 b (Norman) 1 Captain Coates's Flirtation, 5 yrs, Bst 31b (Midgley) 2 Mr. G. Lambert's Aurelian, 5 yrs, 9st (J. Goater) 3 The following also ran :—Twilight, Amy, The Prophet, The Principal, Taunus, Dunkeld, West End, and For midable. Betting-5 to 1 agst Magnum Bonum, 11 to 2 agst Au relian, 6 to 1 agst West End, 100 to 15 each agst Dunkeld and Flirtation, 8 to 1 agst Formidable, 10 to 1 each agst Twilight, Amy, and The Prophet, 100 to 6 agst The Prin cipal. After a little restive display, which fully occupied the seven or eight minutes the 11 runners were at the post be fore time, they were capitally started, Formidable, Taunus, and The Principal showing in front to the stand, where Dunkeld was fourth, West End fifth, and :Magnum Bonum next. After rounding the top turn, Formidable took a clear lead, followed by The Principal and Taunus ,D unkeld, Magnum Bonum, and Twilight succeeding in a cluster, the last two being Aurelian and Flirtation. Ascending the hill Dunkeld was third, Taunus dropping back into the company of The Principal, who at the mile-post was beaten off. On reappearing in sight, after a momentary absence from view, Dunkeld had obtained second place, Aurelian and West End being third and fourth, and Amy and The Prophet lying close up with them until half way across the meadows, when they were joined by Twilight. At the half mile post Formidable still maintained the lead, having close up with him Dunkeld, Amy, and West End ; the others, with the exception of The Principal and Taunus, well up. Rounding the turn, Amy dropped back to the rearmost pair, whilst the rest, upon fairly gaining the straight, where the lot, with the exception of the three—The Principal, Taunus, and Atny—might have been covered with a sheet. Quarter of a mile from home Dunkeld deprived Formidable of the lead, and at the distance Flirtation headed Dunkeld, and was at the same mome nt challen g ed on the left by Magnum Bonum and on the right by Aurelian. Opposite the stand Aurelian gave way, and an interesting race between Mag num Bonum and Flirtation requited in the victory of Mag num Bonum, who won by a neck ; Aurelian was beaten a length from Flirtation; The Prophet was fourth, and Dun keld fifth, close up; West End was sixth; the last three runners up wereTwilight,lthe Principal, and Amy; Taunus walked in with the crowd. The Avon Stakes of 5 soya each, 3 ft, with 30 added; for two and 3- yr-olds; the winner to be sold for £5O; maiden allowances. Five furlongs. 13 subs. Lord Coventry's Salvioni, 2 yrs, Est 111b....(Maidment) 1 Mr, J. 11. C. Wyndham's Queen Fastrada, 2 yrs, Est Glb (Dowling) 2 Lord Bateman's Coimbra, 2 yrs, bat 41b.. (J. Grimshaw) 3 Mr. Merton's Telscombe, 2 yrs, Gat 71b (Zanier) 4 Mr. H. E. Handley's Outpost, 2 yrs, 75t.... (H. Covey) 5 2 yrs, 6st 41b (Morris) 6 Mr. Hodgman's Rosa Lee, Betting-6 to son Salvioni, who made all the running, and won by a neck ; two lengths separated the second and third. The winner was bought by Mr. Wood for 200 guineas. The Castle Park Stakes of 5 sous sots each, with 50 added, for 2-yr-olds ; colts Bst 41b, fillies Bst 71b; winners extra, and maiden allowances. T.Y.C. Three-quarters of a mile. 18 subs. Mr. J. Merry's Phemy filly, Bst 21b ...... (A. Edwards) 1 Captain Gray's King George, 9st 31b (inc 71b extra) (F. ) t M r . L on gfield's Union Jack, 9 s t (including 41b Adams extra) (Custance t Mr. Barber's The C lown, 9 st 31 b (including 71b extra) (J. Osborne) 4 The following also ran :—Lord Cochrane, Bigotry, and Cynthia colt. Betting-2 to 1 agat the Phemy filly, 3to 1 agst The Clown, 4 to 1 agst Union Jack, 5 to I agst King George. The Phemy filly made play with the rest, barring Lord Cochrane, following in a cluster to the commencement of the turn, where the favourite held a clear lead of King George, Union Jack, and The Clown, who in close company were proceeding several lengths in advance of the remaining three. King George and Union Jack challenged the Phemy filly, but both failed to get up, and the favourite won cleverly, after making all the running, by half a length; King George and Union Jack, who finished a dead heat for second place, beat The Clown a length ; the Cynthia colt and LordCochrane finished side by side many lengths in rear of The Clown, and Bigotry passed the post at least 100 yards behind the winner. The Queen's Plate of ICO guineas, for three-yr-olds and up. wards. Two miles. Mr, I'Anson's Caller Oa, 5 yrs, 9st 21b (Cballoner) Mr. T. Ivens' Sir William, 5 yrs, 9st 121 b (car lOst2lb) (Owner) 2 'ling. -le play throughout, galloped her opponent -cled the winning post 50 lengths in -a each, 3 ft, with 25 added; for all ages; winners extra. Five furlongs. 27 subs. Lord Coventry's Zara, 3 yrs, Est 91b (inc 6st 111 b) (Maidment) 1 Lord Uxbridge's Liston, 3 yrs, Est 71b.. (A, Woodhouse) 2 Mr. Robertson's Paddy O'Rourke, 3 yrs, 7st llb (Whiteley) 3 The following also ran :—Miss Livingstone, Wave, Fanny Seaton, and Virginia. - - Betting-2 to 1 agst Paddy O'Rourge, 4to 1 agst Liston, 9 to 2 each agst Zara and Miss Livingstone. Miss Livingstone, Paddy O'Rourke, and Wave raced head and head for the lead, followed by Liston and Zara about a couple of lengths off, with Virginia behind them, and Fanny Seaton tailed off. Miss Livingstone gave way upon entering the straight, where Zara joined Paddy O'Rourke, and Wave having dropped into the rear, Liston joined the leading pair, Zara and Paddy O'Rourke. At the distance Liston challenged Zara, but never getting up was beaten a head ; Paddy O'Rourke was only beaten a neck from Liston ; Wave was beaten three lengths from Paddy O'Rourke; Miss Livingstone was fifth, and Vir ginia sixth. LATEST BETTING. ST LEGER. sto 1 agst Ranger (taken) 6to 1 agst Queen Bertha (taken) 13 to 2 agst Avenger (taken) 9to 1 agat Golden Pledge (taken) 18 to 1 agst Blue Mantle (taken) 20 to 1 agst Lord Clifden (offered) 25 to 1 agst Donnybrook BETTING AT MANCdESTER—TIIESDAY. The little done on the St. Leger was almost confined to Lord Clifden, who finished at 9 to 1 (taken and offered). Closing prices : ST. LEGER. 4to 1 agst Ranger (offered) 6to 1 agst Queen Bertha (wanted) 7to 1 agst Avenger (offered) 9to 1 agst Golden Pledge (offered) 9to 1 agst Lord Clifden. (taken and offered) 16 to 1 agst Blue Mantle (taken) 40 to 1 agst National Guard (taken) ST. LEGER PROPHECIES, by " Beacon " and "Rhyming Richard," with Latest Betting, and exclusive information of Probable Starters, Jockeys, &c. List of Horses expected at Doncaster—the Sled mere Sale—Special Reports of Warwick, Leicester, and Baden Baden Meetings, and all the Racing, Shooting, Cricket, and Aquatic N ews of the week—See Ihe Spor!ing Gazette (limited) of Saturday next. Sept. 12, the only paper that prophesied Macaroni and Lord Clifden let and 2d for the Derby, Queen Bertha for the Oaks, the Ranger for the Grand Prix de Paris, and Isoline and La Toucques Ist and 2d for Goodwood Cup.—Price Three pence, Stamped Fourpence. Office, 14, York-street, Covent garden, London. The Extraordinary Discovery at Whitechapel Church. ADDITIONAL AND LATEST PARTICULARS. Yesterday morning several persons visited the shop of Mr. Daniel Bradley, the undertaker, of Whitechapel-road, to inspeet the bodies of the children and the clothing found in the roof of the church, but they could not identify anything, as the articles were so much decayed. Mr. Powell, the senior churchwarden, and fore man of the jury, gave instructions to Mr. Bradley to remove the whole of the remains in a large shell, for burial in the Tower Hamlets Cemetery, Bow road, and the interment will take place on Saturday afternoon next, atter the result of the inquest is made known. _ _ Yesterday afternoon Mr. John Powneeby, of the coroner's office, received information of a boy re siding in the neighbourho .d of the church, who had seen the deceased man Smith, the late gravedigger, carry up small coffins into the belfry on several oc casions. This fact will throw some light on the present mystery which surrounds the case, and show that Mr. Wilkenson, the sexton, has been duped out of his fees. _ . The workmen, under the charge of Mr. Hicks, the builder, have made further search, but no more bodies have been found, although the entire roof of the sacred edifice has been removed. Many applications have been made by persons to view the place in the steeple, but the parochial authorities have ordered the spot to be locked up. A YOUTHFUL ELOPEMENT, On Monday (says the Liverpool Courier) the facts were brought to light of the singular circumstance of a boy and girl, aged 13 and 14 respectively, having Sloped from Rochdale and arrived in Liverpool, where they had taken lodgings and cohabited. In the morning a young man named Heywood, son of Levi Heywood, who lives at a farm called Japhey'slFarm, near Rochdale, arrived her from that town and gave information to the police that a young girl who lived with hor father had run away from home with a boy whose father lived in Rochdale, and it was be lieved they had come to Liverpool. An officer went out with the young man to search for the youthful lovers, but returned without success. While they were out looking for them, however, Police-constable 96 (Markey), having re ceived information of the affair, saw a boy and a girl in Tithebarn-street, and from the description which had been given him he at once concluded that they were the erring ones. The officer asked them in a kindly manner if they had not come from Rochdale, when the girl, who appeared to be very shrewd—much more so than her young lover— replied that they had not come from that place. This an swer did not satisfy the officer, who took th E ,:n aside, and by minute questioning succeeded in eliciting froci the boy that they had come from Rochdale, and that they had slept together at a house in Plumbe-street. Finding that t2. l e boy had confessed, the girl also acknowledged the truth of the story. The boy said his name was Joseph Leech, and that his father was a plasterer, residing at 75, Whitworth road, Rochdale. The girl's name was Mary Dawson, and she was between 14 and 15 years of age. She said they left 4ome together on Sunday morning, and she had at that time 4s, 6d. in her pocket, and that her companion had 55., which he had been four years in saving up at a penny bank, and had withdrawn it for the purpose of leaving home. It seems that when the girl was only three years of age her mother died and she was taken charge of by Mr. Heywood, with whom she has lived ever since. Her father hold s some situation in a woollen mill at Rochdale. The boy was a play mate of the girl's, and one of the girl's companions told young Leech that Maro was going to leave home and run away. Of course young Joseph could not stand this, so he determined to go away as well, and having consulted with her the result was that they determined to go away together. They left their home on Sunday morning, and having met at a previously appointed place they walked to Bolton, and from thence came to Liverpool. On their arrival here they took lodgings at the house of T. Douglas, 46, Plumbe street, Tithebarn-street, where, in answer to inquiries put by the woman of the house, they represented that they were brother and sister, that the boy had come to Liverpool to get a place in an office or to go to sea, and that the girl wanted to get a situation of some sort. They then asked if it would not be cheaper for them both to sleep in one bed, when the wcman replied that it would make no difference as the girl could sleep with her. After some talk, however, they said they would prefer sleeping together, which they accordingly did. Police-constable Markey escorted the two runaways to the central police-office, where they were de tained until six o'clock in the evening, when he saw them off, in company with young Heywood, in a train for Roch dale. They had with them a nice little white poodle dog, which they left behind them in their excitement. Shooting a Gamekeeper in Essex. We deeply regret to learn that the commencement of the shooting season has been marked by one of those desperate conflicts often leading to murder, which, though heard of in other parts of the kingdom, are happily not frequent in Essex. No serious personal injury has in this instance been sustained, though as a band of game watchers were twice fired upon by poachers, it appears to have been a mere chance of the moment that life was not sacrificed. It seems that early on Sunday morning four keepers on the estate of T. B. Western, Esq , of Felix Hall, were watching the:preserves, known as the Thicks,at Rivenhall, expecting, it would seem from their strong force, an attack upon the game in that quarter. About six o'clock they heard several reports of fire-arms, and on reaching the spot from which the sounds proceeded they encountered two poachers with guns, one of whom was recognised as Henry Towns, keeper of the Cherry Tree, a small public-house in the outskirts of Witham ; and Thos Ager, a labourer, of the same place. Of course the keepers prepared to close with the depredators, and Wm. Burrell, one of them being in front, attempted to take Towns, who turned upon him, raised bis gun, and deliberately fired. Fortunately the charge failed to take effect, but the escape was very narrow indeed, as it passed between Burrell's arm and body and cut down the brushwood immediately behind him. The keepers instantly closed upon him, and after a desperate struggle they obtained possession of the gun and secured him. Bur rell then observed Ager, the other man, making his escape with a gun in his h an d , and being the youngest and ap parently the most act i ve of the keepers, ho at once gave chase and rapidly ga i ned upon his man, who, finding he must be tak en , t urned, when his pursuer was within a few feet of him, pointed his gun at him, and fired.° The:charge struck the k eeper i n the side and knocked him dowa, setting fire to hi s c l othes and injuring his Real, but fortunately none of the shots entered his body. Ager then escaped. The other keepers immediately ran to Burrell's assistance, and found the poor fellow lying on the ground. On examin ing him they found his clothing shot away, his breast very much bruised and discoloured, but, as we have said, most fortunately none of the shots had penetrated. Towns was handed over to the police and quickly transferred to the Witham station. Superintendent Catchpoole, with his men, immediately went in pursuit of Ager, who was apprehended between 7 and 8 in the evening. Ager at first denied having been at Rivenhall, but afterwards observed, " The gun went off by accid e nt." The prisoner was taken to Sp r i ng fi e ld policeto Witham station for for the examination. night, and d yesterday he was conveyed _ Ager is a young and powerful man, and h e h as previously been convicted of poaching and theft, --Essex Herald. The Condemned Convicts at Kirkdale. The four men, Alvarez, Hughes, Thomas, an James O'Brien, who 'await execution at Kirkdal Gaol, on Saturday next, have not been respited up to the present time, and there seems every probl- Inlay that the law will take its course. The men are diligently attended to by the clergymen, both Protestant and Catholic, and seem for the most part to appreciate their position. With respect to Hughes, charged with wife murder, the following letter has been received by Mr. Little, the barrist el', who defended him on his trial : Whitehall, Sept. 7, 1863. Sir,—l am directed by Sir G. Grey to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 4th instant, on behalf of John Hughes, now under sentence of death for murder. lam to acquaint you that after a careful consideration of all the cir cumstances of the case, bir G. Grey regrets that he cannot see any sufficient ground to justify him in advising her Majesty to interfere with the due course of the amp sir, your obedient servant, H. WADDINGTON. It. Little, Esq., Canning-street, Liverpool. Collision on the North-Eastern Railway. On Monday evening the Parliamentary train from York to Newcastle, where she is due ac 16' 5, ran completely through a mineral train, consisting of 25 ironstone waggons heavily laden, which at the moment happened to be passing over the very dangerous point where the Stockton and Dar lington and North-Eastern—two of the busiest lines for mineral traffic in the kingdom—cross each ether at tight angles. Behind the engine and tender of the passenger train were three or four third -class carriages, all occupied. These were thrown off the line by the force of the concussion, and although greatly crushed, fortunately preserved their per pendicular. One of the waggons was carried on the buffers of the engine for several yards, and acted as a power ful break. Another was pitched end over into a ditch close by ; and a third fought, as it were, in the front rank of the mineral train with the passenger train for the right of wah and so caused the injury to the carriages. Miraculous to state, no lives were sacrificed. The driver of the passenger engine was cut about the face; and a commercial gen tleman from Liverpool, named Petter, had to be con veyed to the King's Head Inn under medical care. fis is supposed to have received internal injury, as he cried out with pain. Other passengers got slight bruises, but with this one exception, were enabled to resume their jour ney two hours afterwards, when, by availing themselves of a branch line, they evaded the obstruction on the main line caused by the accident. Mr. Bell, the locomotive superin tendent of the railway at Darlington, and a numerous staff of workmen, set to work to clear the permanent way, which they effected by 2 o'clock yesterday morning. The blame rests with Chaytor, the guard of the mineral train. This train had just reached Darlington from the Cleveland mines, and should have been shunted into a siding, where in the ordinary conrse it would have remained until next morning, and then been taken forward to Newcastle. It was Chaytor'o duty to look to the points, but asked a fellow-servant named Gale to do it, he being busy with his van. Whether Gale did anything or nothing to the points remains to be inves tigated, but certain it is that instead of the engine pushing the waggons into the siding, the waggons ran away from the engine down the slight incline towards the crossing- Had the passenger train been one moment earlier in arriving at the crossing the consequences must have been frightful , as the whole weight of the 25 laden ironstone waggons would have come broadside upon it, and in all probability have caused a serious destruction of life, COUNTRY MARKETS. ,V.___-. LEEDS-TUESDAY. New wheat was in good demand to -day, and the elr rencies of last Friday were slightly advanced. The In' quiry for old sorts more active. LIVERPOOL—TUESDAY. At our market to-day there was a fair attendance of the trade, but the advance required on wheat tended to check business. A fair quantity found buyers at about 4d per cental advance on the week. Barley, beans, and peas all very firm. Indian corn rather active, but closed quiet. Flour rather dearer, and scarce. MARKET HARBOROUGH-TUESDAY. White wheat, 45s to 48s ; red, 42s to 45s per 36 stone. Malting barley at 36s to 39s per qr. ; grinding, 29s to 33 3 per 30 st. Oats, old, 26s t 0 .305; new, 20s to 23s per 2 4 st. ; beans, 378 to 41s per qr. SHEFFIELD-TUESDAY. We had a tolerable supply of wheat, and the demand was moderate, ao:prices not materially altered. Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial bushels...lss Od to 17s Od , White f, ...18s Od to 19s 6d New red , ..15s Od to 1 8 s Od New white „ l f ..18s Od to 20 s O d Beans If If .. , 15s 6d to 17 s 6d Peas, per qr Grinding barley, per qr 3os Od to 3 2 s 061 Malting ditto, „ 34s Od to 38s Od ~ Oats 22s Od to 27s Od Flour, is 7d to 2s ld per atone. MELTON MOWBRAY-TUESDAY. The following were the currencies :—New white w heat f 45s Od to 50s Od ; new red, 43s Od to 46s per 36 stone ; beans, 39s to 43s for old ; new sorts, 37s to 38s per 38 st. ; barley, 34s to 38s for malting, and 28s to 30s per qr, for grinding; new oats, 22s to 278,0 d per 24 stone. DUBLIN-TUESDAY The supply of wheat and oats small—wheat 6d to 9d and oats about 3d dearer. Indian corn still a drag. o. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Wheat, white., 23 oto 26 6 Beans.. Do., red 2O oto 23 6 Bere Do., new .... oto 0 Rapeseed Barley Oats Do., black —oto -- 0 Indian corn .. 27 oto 28 0 Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia an Mauritius, via Southampton. Sept. 1 8 ' via Marseilles .. Sept. 12. 6razil and Cape Verds, by British packet. Oct. 5. Cape of Good Hopb, Ascension, and St. Helena.. Sept. 28. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton. Sept. 18. _ via Marseilles ...Sept. 1 2 ' Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Sept. 18 via Marseilles Sept. 12. India (Bombay), via Southampton. Sept. 10 via Marseilles Sept. 20. Portuga1.... Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Sept. 10. via Marseilles Sept. 1 2 . Newfoundland Oporto and Vigo .. U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. paekel..... Sept. 11, , . . by U.S. packet... • by Canadian panket.Sept. 11. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffo • • Sept. 10. Bahamas, via New York Mexico .. .. Sept. 48 ' All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, 1 Sept. 14. California. and British Columbia. NOVEL SCENE IN A CIRCUS.—A singular inci dent occurred three evenings ago at the Rainci Circus at Ostend, when the Duchess de Brabant was pre sent. The performance terminated by a stag hunt, in which the animal, finding itself surrounded, made a desperate leap and alighted in the royal box at the feet of the duchess. It then jumped over the low partition, rushed down the grand staircase at the back of the box, gained the street, and has not since been heard of. This unexpected feat, which was not on the programme, excited general laughter in the theatre, in which the duchess herself was one of the first to join.—Galignani. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—HoIIoway's Ointment and Pills.— Be Advised.—Sufferers from disease would act wisely in trying these noble remedies before they abandon further efforts for recovering their lost and fading health. The momentous question of enjoying health or enduring illness should determine all invalids to 'use Holloway's healing Ointment and purifying Pills before yielding themselves up to despair. The Ointment not only . cures all skin dis eases, outward sores, and superficial inflammations, but restrains deep-seated ailments of the throat, chest, and bowels, when it is well rubbed externally over those parts. From this Ointment's known power to quell irritation, it was supposed it would be eminently useful in checking diphtheria, diarrhoea, and dysentery, a predict i on which time, experience, and reflection have ver ified. Births. FITZMAURICE.—On the Ist inst., at Pl as Ll nynon, Ang l o sey, the Hon. Mrs. Fitzmaurice, of a son. F LO VER.—On the 7th inst., at Old Kent-road, the wife of Majorliol FD orms ofason. inst., at Offi ng t on , S ussex, Dull yßd lle ai w mt.on T :d , the of a daughter. sth TRAILL.—On the 6th in s t., a t B lackheath, the wife of Jas . GA E Christie Trail!, Esq., of a son. Marriages. FINCII—LE STRANGE.—On the 7th inst., at St. Mary' lebone Church, Charles Wynne Finch, Esq.. M.P., to Jamesina, relict of H. Styleman Le Strange, Esq. FENNER—HILL.—On the 3d inst., at St. Paul's Church, Southampton, John H. Fenner, Esq., of Little Canford, Wimborne, to Percy Arabell a , on ly d aug ht er o f Ch a rles T. Hill, Esq., R,N., Southampton. Deaths. BARNA.RD.—On the 7th inst., at North-end, Fulham, Mr• Frederick Barnard, aged 56. BUTLER.—On the 7th inst., suddenly, at Lewisham, Mr, Wm. Butler, of Holloway. CRADOCK.—On the 7th inst., at Quorndon, Leicestershire, Thomas Cradock, Esq., aged 68. FESTING.—On the 6th inst., at Maiden Bradley, Wilts, M. J. Festing, Esq., aged 72. GORE.—On the sth inst., at York, Major Henry P. Gore, late 6th Foot, aged 38. GAUNTLET r.--On the 7th inst., the Rev. Fred. Gauntlettf rector of Fladbury, aged 74. LANCASTER.—On the 7th inst., at Middleton House, Fresh water, I. of Wight, R. D. Lancaster, Esq., Commander, R.N., aged 79. London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDREI'S the Sav o y, i n th e C ou nty of Middlesex of No. 112, Strand , Printer, at TnE SuN Office No. 1 12, Strand, iddles e i x n _thwednePrcescainay, September 9 1863 I