The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-27 00:00:00

I)EMEMBER, WE SUP AT EVANS' EVERY EVENING THIS WEEK afta Alfred llellon's Promenade Concerts. EDINBURGH (R ,, daced Fares), from Iron gate wharf. Tower.—Saloon, 20s ; fore cabin, 15s; deck (soldiers and sailors only), 7s 6d; return tickets (available for a month), 30s and 22s ed. The cheapest and quickest sea route by the splendid new STE MISHITS of the LONDON and EDINBURGH SHIPPING COMPANY, sailing every Wednesday and Saturday, at 10 morning. Apply at the Spread Eagle, Regent-circus ; or at Irongate-wharf. NORTH BRITISH AND MERCANTILE INSURANCE COMPANY. Established 1809. Incorporated by Royal Charter and Special Acts of I'arliament. Accumulated and Invested Funds. Annual Revenue ..L2,122,828 422,401 FIRE DEPARTMENT. Insurances erantel both at Home and in Foreign Countries on the most liberal terms. E LIFE DEPARTMENT. very facility offered to Insurers. Ninety per Cent. of the Profits divided among the Insurers on the participating principle. The new Life business transacted in 1862 as follows : Policies. Amount Inured. Premiums. 1,037 £763,334 £23,641 0 0 Forms of Proposal and every information will be furnished on application at the LONDON O FFI CES : 58, Threadneedle -street. 4, New Bank Butldirm. mall bury. West-end Office B, Waterloo -place, Pall-mall. THE ROYAL INSURANCE COMPANY, HEAD OFFICES, 29, Lombard-street, ingsd, Lonon, and Royal Insurance build Liverpoel. Total Annual Revenue exceeds £soo,o'n. Accumulated Funds in hand over 1,010,000. Chairman in Liverpool : CHARLES TURNER, Esq., M.P. Chairman in London : WILLItiM WAINWRIGHT, Esq. EXTRACTS FROM THE REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1862. The Directors of the Royal Insurance Company are now called upon to make their accustomed periodical Report at the Meeting of its Shareholders. FIRE BRANCH. The Directors have, as pleasingly as unexpectedly, at the close 01 the year, to announce, for the first time, that the Fire Premiums have not only reached, but exceed £300,000. The high comparative position held by the Royal in the Government Returns of Duty is again fully maintained. The profit of the business of the year exceeds considerably the amount realised in the preceding year, and in fact sur passes that of any year, with but two exceptions, since the commencement of this Office, the balance to the credit on account of British and Foreign Insurances being £15,107 lOs. 5d., and of the North American business, whichis kept sepa• rately, £11,097 16s. lOd. LIFE BRANCIL The very gratifying duty now falls upon the Directors to state the sum assured on new policies for the year 1F62 exceeds even that of the year 1861 by £lBO,OOO, and has arrived at the almost unexampled amount for a single year of £70t,427 on 1,498 new policies Issued. Until within the last few years it is believed that such a sum aesured as that sahich has just been announced as the result of one year's business was all but unheard of. This portion of the Company's business has been carefully watched, and cannot fail to give much satisfaction to the shareholder, as well as no small encouragement for the future to the participating life assurer. Evidence of continued care in the selection of lives is amply afforded by a statement of the number rejected. These have amounted to 311 for the year, on which the aggregate sum proposed for assurance a mounts to £ 1 43,281. Various degrees of ineligibility have led to these lives being declined. No small number of the Assurance Companies of the day record their accepted lives annually at a sum not much, if at all, exceeding those which the Royal has declared as inadmis stole in a single year from deterioration of some kind or another. If, to complete their review, the Directors now advert briefly to the United Kingdom, they have to announce that in Fire Business ifs progress has been undoubtedly more ranid than that of any other Company established either in London or elsewhere, except when amalgamations have taken place. The returns of ditty have proved this. In Life, the amount of New Policies already reported make all other evidence needless. The Directors conclude their present Report with the expression of an opinion that the prospects of the Royal Insurance Company were never brighter, and of a consequent hope, founded on a grateful remembrance of the past, that the future may unfold for it a sphere of still greater macni tude, combining distinguished commercial success to the Office with a lengthened career of usefulness and protection to the pubic. PERCY M DOVE, Manager and Actuary. JOHN B. JOHNSTO, becretary in London. NORWICH UNION FIRE INSURANCE SOCIETY. The business of the Company exceeds £70,000,000. The duty paid to Government for the year 1862 was £81,062, and the amount insured on farming stock, £10,086,332. A bonus of three-fifths of the profi "s periodically made to parties insuring, who have thus, from time to time, received sums amounting in the aggregate to Z 110,000; and the Society now holds a large Re serve a pplimble to a future Bonus. The rates of premium are in no case higher than those charged by the other principal offices making no returns to their insurers. For prospectuses apply at the Society's Offices, Surrey street, Norwich ; and 6, Crescent, New Bridge-street, Black friars, E.C. PROVIDENT CLERKS' MUTUAL LIFE ASSOCIATION. Established 1810. TRUSTEES. Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P. I Wm. Geo. Prescott, Esq. Thomson Hankey, Esq., M.P. Baron L. de Rothschild, M.P. Mutual Life Assurance for all classes. This Association has now in existence 6,000 policies, for a total sum of £1,500,000. The Annual Income is .. •• £51,000 The Accumulated Fund exceeds .. 2. o,t 00 It has paid i n Claims • • .. 112,000 The whole of the profits are divided quinquennially among the Members. Three divisions have already been made' when the following sums have been added as bonuses to the policies Dec. 31, 1847 .. • • .. X%400 „ 1852 .• . .• • • •• 11,503 „ 1857 .. .• s. • • • • 23 200 „ 1862 .. • • • • .. 56,500 makinz the total bonus additions, £08,600. Bonuses ma:, be received in cash or applied to the redue Lion of premiums at the option of the assured, in lieu of an addition to the pokey. Attention is especially invited to the system of free or paid up policies introduced by this Association, by which the sacrifice so often submitted to on the relinquishment of pa icy is wholly avoided. The balance-sheets of the Association are open to all, whether assurers or otherwise. Active sented district and influential agents will be appoi n t e d i n unrepre . 'WM. THOS. LINFORD, Secretary. Chief Office, 15, Moorgate-street, E.C., Aug 1, 1863. A.D. 1720. ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE CORPORATION (Established by Charter of his Majesty George the First) FOR SEA, FIRE, LIFE, AND ANNUITIES. Offices, Royal Exchange, London. Branch Office, 29, Pall-mall. OCTAVIUS WIGRAM, Esq., Governor. GEORGE PEARREs BARCLAY, Esq., Sub-Governor. Sir Jour HENRY PELLY, Bart., Deputy-Governor. DIRECTORS. Henry Bainbridge, Esq. Wilmot Holland, Esq. Robert Barclay, Esq. Earl of Leven and Melville. John Garratt Cattley, Esq. Chas. Jno. Manning, Esq. Mark Currie Close, Esq. Henry Nelson, Esq. William Davidson, Esq. The Hon. Josceline W. Percy. Thomas Dent, Esq. Charles Robinson, Es q Alexander Druce, Esq. Samuel Leo Schuster, Esq. Fredk. Jos. Edlmann, Esq. Eric Carrington Smith, Esq. Riversdale W. Grenfell, Esq. William Soltau, Esq. i!obt. Amadeus Heath, Esq. Joseph Somes, Esq., M.P. Wm. Tetlow Hibbert, Esq.: William Wallace, Esq. Jas. Stewart Hodgson, Esq. Chas. Baring Young, Esq. Medical Referee, SAMUEL SOLLY, Esq., F.R.S. FIRE and LIFE ASSURANCES may be effected with this Corporation on advantageous terms. In the Life Department, assurances are granted with par ticipation in Profits, or, at lower Premiums, without such Participation. The Reversionary Bonus on British Policies has averaged nearly 2 per cent. per annum on the sum assured. Equivalent reductions have been made in the Premiums Payable by persons who preferred that form of Bonus. The divisions of Profit take place every Five years. L ife Any sum not exceeding £15,000 may be insured on one This Corporation affords to the Assured— Liberal participation in Profits—with exemption from the liabilities of partnership. A rate of Bonus equal to the average returns of Mutual Societies—with the guarantee of a large invested Capital Stock. Tice advantages of modern practice,—with the security of an Office whose resources have been tested by the ex perience of nearly a CENTURY AND A HALF. The Corporation have always allowed the Assured to serve . the Yeomanry, or Volunteer Corps within the United Kingdom, free of charge. ROYAL EXCITANGE, LONDON. ROBT. P. STEELE, Secretary. CONTRACT FOR PROVISIONS. Royal Hospital, Chelsea, 14th Aug., 163. THE REMIT HONOURABLE the LORDS and OTHERS, COMMISSIONERS of this 1105- I'ITAI-s do hereby give NOTICE, That they are ready to receive TENDERS from and to treat with such persons as InottVr.walidlining to Contract for victualling the in-pensioners 'tit the followino• ospital, from the Ist October . 1863, to the 30th ftrt lt e e i t u P7, 861, both days inclusive, wi Che e , e 0.,, Provisions, k.c., viz. :—Beef and Mutton, Bread, Pepp er, Otter. Potatoes, Salt, Oatmeal, Barley or Rice, awe' Gaily, Thyme, • Milk, Onions oanrdLPeeakrl'ielenr, Suet, Cocoa, Black Tea, Sugar, specified in then ration accordi 2 . J , at per head per diem for w Marjoram, Winter the Sav h e o r l y e to the established allowances of the bowie, as office of the seer°,,tra, ofTender, which may be obtained at the o'clock, which T4' d r Y., any day between the hours of 10 and 3 at the Boa rd - roon i -r ,rollot be filled up and delivered, sealed, parties tenderin g , or by the said 'Hospital by the party cr behalf, on Tuesday, the tan ,agent appointed on his or their which time their Lordshi -8 ' °I BePtember, at 12 o'clock, at into consideration. dshiPß Will be prepared to take the same It is to be observed that th to find Security to the cr,,,„,---„e Contractors will be required will be received pert er a t ? after t e h e e f Contract, and that no T en " c i e ' r for His and hour above mentioned. The Commissioners do not plech , ...i. due day lowest Tender. 0- enuelves to accept the -., and Registr'ar. - - RUPTURES.—BY ROYAL L •Secr i :et j a r y -11° ORTIE A D 'WHITE'S Al 0 C-m AIN 'Tkats . ~,,,i A-TENT (PERFECTED AND Ex Tir „,„L v .vdt ' ' EXHIBITION SOF 1851 AND 1862), 7- n E D IN TRUSS Two hundred Medical Gentleme n is to allow ed bl'ut GREAT the j o n 6 lawards of t tnvention in the curative treatin e :l e The use of a steel spring, eo men „... 1 II tl-o eff .„.ntive is here avoided—a soft bandage b ein - p ,' dui in i t — l r i A. body, while the requisite resisting power"1: " " 1 ''ol s iri e d .eat tb s ,l Itloc-Main Pad and Patent Lever, fitting w ill'Polied by the. and closeness that it cannot be detected, au a° i nucti . p during sleep. A descriptive circular /Day b e ; 1 48 .Y be, amore tr uss, which cannot fail to fit, forwarded by Post a n d ,„' t i nd the c umference of the body, two inches below the iii" le cir. sent to the manufacture' , Pas bei ng Mr. WHITE, 225, Piccadilly. and 31s. 6d. Post". A Si White, Post- A. / 2 , --- ngle Truss, 165., 215., 265. 6d., A„ ~nublo Truss, 31s. 6d., 425., and 525. 6d. Post a " , le, 18. ;grilles' Truss, 425. and 525. 6d. Postage, is. 10d. a ad °face, office Orders to be made payable to John ocadiu y. NEW PATENT L AST g itl i ,,,, IC STOCKINGS, '4l"-less-2-enfs, &e., for Varicose Veins and all cases of t i ?_rous, I, A l P, Swellinc; of the Legs, Sprains, &e. They are " - n• °mi l ,: ua texture, end inexpensive, and are drawn on ea4 n. Pc ' I• Y RtOcki ; price 4s, 6d., 7e, 6d., 10s., to its, Sta ge c , IIS. JOILIy ~,,_ _'• ' " zu'rE, lianufacturcr, 24 FigAdillY• wheat, or new m also to 408 to 33s to 248 to --0 ,17 9 .15 9 .16 9 .16 9 .16 9 .17 .16 0 pt. 18. pt. 12. pt. 3. g. 29. pt. 1. l g. 21. l g. 26. pt. 1. ag. 27. 25. pt. 4. pt. 3. lg. 2 5 ' ug. 2i , • u g. 19. pt. 2 2S. P .10. g. 7. ag. 28 . ug. 28. aealtb. us, but Thes e cknees , raining y atom thou to ient, or liationS ()wider ,oway'o eh no himself he ladi Waleth Peteeot •ed 11$ - L of the enolor a , awe'!" 8er1 1139 Silt%ert !, Mill le, Ile'Br rto o4 Ito!, G; ste dall, root , S. be iZel. Vfllasr plOr o No. 112 pulltY t No. 22,204. THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, AUGUST 27, 1863. NEW NOVEL by the Author cf "COUSIN GEOFFREY:, Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., LEFT T " THEMSELVES. By the Author of "Cousin Geoffrey," &e. Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street. Meeting of the British Association. employing coal for domestic purposes. The simplest arrangements to confine the heat and concentrate i , upon the operation to be performed would suffice to obviate this. In warming houses we con• some in our open fires about five times as much coal as will produce the same heating effect when burnt in a close and properly constructed stove. These are homely considera tions---too much so, perhaps, for an amnesty like thus ; but I trust that an abuse involving a useless expenditure exceeding in amount our income-tax, and capable of being rectified by attention to scien tific principles, may not be deemed unworthy of the notice of some of those whom I have the honour of addressing. The introduction of the Davy lamp was a great event in the history of coal mining, not as effecting any great diminution of those disastrous accidents which still devastate every colliery district, but as a means of enabling mines to be worked which, from their greater explosive tendencies, would otherwise have been deemed inaccessible. Thus, while the Davy lamp has been of great benefit both to the public and the proprietors of coal, it has been the means of leading the miners into more perilous workings, and the frequency of accident by explo sion has in consequence not been diminished to the extent which was originally expected. ber our conceptions of material forces by this un necessary imagining of a central molecule? If we retain the forces and reject the molecule,we shall still have every property we can recognise in matter by the use of our senses or by the aid of our reason. Viewed in this light, matter is not merely a thing subject to force, but is itself composed and consti tuted of force. Yesterday was appointed for the meeting of the general committee of the British Association, in the hall of the Literary and Philosophical Society, Newcastle. It bad also been arranged that the sec tion committee meetings should take place at three p.m., and eight o'clock in the evening had been ap pointed for the grand opening meeting in the Town ph a a r l l e . d b T y h The ir following r r e s t r. A the rg i,ug president inaugural al i address the pre pared asso ciation The science of gunnery, to which I shall make but slight allusion on this o;:casion, is intimately con nected with the dynamical theory of heat. When gunpowder is exploied in a cannon, the immediate effect of the affinities by which the materials of the powder are caused to enter into new combinations, is to liberate a force which first appears as heat, and then takes the form of mechanical power communi cated in part to the shot and in part to the pro ducts of explosion which are also propelled from the gun. The mechanical force of the shot is re converted into heat when the motion is arrested by striking an object, and this heat is divided between the shot and the object struck, in the proportion of the work done or damage inflicted upon each. These considerations recently led me, in conjunction with my friend Captain Noble, to determine experi mentally, by the heat elicited in the shot, the loss of effect due to its crushing when fired against iron plates. Joule's law, and the known velocity of the shot, enabled us to compute the number of dyna mical units of heat representing the whole mecha nical power in the projectile; and by ascertaining the number of units developed in it by impact, we arrived at the power which took effect upon the shot instead of the plate. These experiments showed an enormous absorption of power to be caused by the yielding nature of the materials of which pro jectiles are usually formed; but further experi ments are required to complete the inquiry. Gentlemen of the British Association,—l esteem it the greatest honour of my life that I am called upon to assume the office of your President. In that capacity, and as representing your body, I may be allowed to advert to the gratifying reception which the British Association met with on their former visit to this region of mining and manufacturing in dustry; and, as a member of the community which you have again honoured with a visit, I undertake to convey to you the assurance of a renewed and hearty welcome. A quarter of a century has elapsed since the association assembled in this town, and in no former period of equal duration has so great a progress been made in physical knowledge. In mechanical science, and especially in those branches of it which are concerned in the application of steam power to effect interchange between distant com munities, the progress made since 1838 has no parallel in history. The railway system was then in its infancy, and the great problem of trans- Atlantic steam navigation had only received its complete solution in the preceding year. Since that time railways have extended to every continent, and steamships have covered the ocean. These reflec tions claim our attenticn on this occasion, because the locality in which we hold our present meeting is the birthplace of railways, and because the coal mines of this district have contributed more largely than any others to supply the motive power by which steam communication by land and water has been established on so gigantic a scale. The increase of the earth's temperature as we descend below the surface is a subject which has been discus ed at previous meetings of the British Association. It possesses great scientific interest, as affecting the computed thickness of the crust which covers the molten mass assumed to constitute the interior portions of the earth, and it is also of great practical importance as determining the depth at which it would be possible to pursue the working of coal and other minerals. The deepest coal min e in this district is the: Monkwearmouth Colliery, which reaches a depth of 1,800 feet below the surface of the ground, and nearly as much below the level of the sea. The observed temperature of the strata at this depth agree pretty closely with what has been ascertained in other localities, and shows that the increase takes place at the rate of 1 degree Fahr. to about 60 feet of depth. Assuming the temperature of subterranean fusion to be 3,000 deg., and that the increase of heat at greater depths continues uniform (which, however, is by no means certain), the thickness of the film which separates us from the fiery ocean beneath will be about thirty-four miles—a thickness which may be fairly represented by the skin of a peach taken in relation to the body of the fruit which it covers. The depth of 4,000 feet, which has been assumed as the limit at which coal could be worked, would probably be attended by an in crease of heat exceeding the powers of human en durauce. In the Monkwearmouth colliery, which is less than half that depth, the temperature of the air in the workings is about 84 deg. Fehr., which is considered to be nearly as high as is consistent with the great bodily exertion necessary in the operation of mining. The computations, therefore, of the duration of coal would probably require a conside rable reduction in consequence of too great a depth being assumed as practicable. At the last meeting of the British Association in this town, the importance of establishing an office for mining records was brought under the notice of the Council by Mr. Sopwith, and measures were taken which resulted in the formation of the present Mining Records Office. In the course of the preceding observations I have had occasion to speak of the sun as the great source of motive power on our earth, and I must not omit to refer to recent discoveries connected with that most glorious body. Of all the results which science has produced within the last few years, none has been more unexpected than that by which we are enabled to test the materials of which the sun is made, and prove their identity, in part at least, with those of our planet. The spectrum experiments of 'Bunsen and Kirchhoff have not only shown all this, but they have also corroborated previous conjectures as to the luminous envelope of the sun. I have still to advert to Mr. Nasmyth's remarkable discovery, that the bright surface of the sun is composed of an aggregation of apparently solid forms, shaped like willow-leaves or some well known forms of Diatornactee, and interlacing one another in every shape as to have led to a suggestion from one of our profoundest philosophers of their being organisms possibly even partaking of the nature of life, but at all events closely connected with the heating and vivifying influences of the sun. These mysterious objects, which, since Mr. Nasmyth discovered them, have been seen by other observers as well, are computed to be each not lees than 1,000 miles in length and about 100 miles is breadth. Tee enormous chasms in the sun's photosphere, to which we apply the diminu tive term " spots," exhibit the extremities of these leaf-like bodies pointing inwards, and fringing the sides of the cavern far down into the abyss. Some times they form a sort of rope or bridge across the chasm, and appear to adhere to one another by lateral attraction. I can imagine nothing more deserving of the scrutiny of observers than these extraordinary forms. The sympathy also which appears to exist between forces operating in the Sall and magnetic forces belonging to the earth merits a continuance of that close attention which it has already received from the British Association, and of labours such as General Sabine has with so much ability and effect devoted to the elucidation of the subject. I may here notice that most remark able phenomenon which was seen by independent observers at two different places on the Ist Sept., 1859. A sudden outburst of light, far exceeding the brightness of the BUD'S surface, was seen to take place, and sweep like a drifting cloud over a portion of the solar face. This was attended with magnetic disturbances of unusual intensity, arid with exhi bitions of aurora of extraordinary brilliancy. The identical instant at which the effusion of light was observed was recorded by an abrupt and strongly marked deflection in the self-registering instru ments at Kew. The phenomenon, as seen, was probably only part of what actually took place, for the magnetic storm in the midst of which it oc curred commenced before and continued after the event. If conjecture be allowable in such a case, WC may suppose that this remarkable event had some connection with the means by which the sun's heat is renovated. It is a reasonable supposition that the sun was at that time in the act of receiving a more than usual accession of new energy; and the theory which assigns the maintenance of its power to cosmical matter, plunging into it with that , prodigious v e l oc i ty w hi c h grav i ta ti on wou ld ina-- press upon it as it approached to actual contact ' with the solar orb, would afford an explanation of this sudden exhibition of intensified light in harmony with the knowledge we have now at tained that arrested motion is represented by equivalent heat. Telescopic observations will pro bably add new facts to guide our judgment on this subject, and, taken in connection with observations on terrestrial magnetism, may enlarge and correct our views respecting the nature of heat, light, and electricity. Much as we have yet to learn respect ing these agencies, we know sufficient to infer that they cannot be transmitted from the sun to the earth except by communication from particle to particle of ietervening matt: r. Not that I speak of particles in the SEDSi3 of the atomist. Wletever our views may be of the nature of particles, we must conceive them as centres invested with surrounding forces. We have no evidence, either from our senses or otherwise, of these c entres bein g occupied by solid cores of indivisible;incompressible m a tt er essentially distinct from force. Dr. Young has shown that, even in so dense a body as water, these nuclei, it they exist at all, must be so small in relation to the intervening space that a hundred men distributed at equal distances over the whole surface of Eug land would represent their relative magnitude anu I. distance. What then must be these relative dimen i! sione is highly raroiv2 taatie:? Bar w hy encum- While speaking of the subject of gunnery, I must pay a passing tribute of praise to that beautiful in strument invented and perfected by Major Navez, of the Belgian artillery, for determining, by means of electro-magnetism, the velocity of projectiles. This instrument has been of great value in recent investigations, and there are questions affecting projectiles which we can only hope to solve by its assistance. Experiments are still required to clear up several apparently anomalous effects in gunnery, and to determine the conditions most conducive to efficiency both as regards attack and defence. It is gratifying to see our Government acting in accord ance with the enlightened principles of the age by carrying on scientific experiments to arrive at knowledge, which, in the arts of war as well as i❑ those of peace, is proverbially recognised as the true source of human power. The history of railways shows what grand results may have their origin in small beginnings. When coal was first convoyed in this neighbourhood from the pit to the shipping place on the Tyne, the pack horse, carrying a burden of 3 cwt., was the only mode of transport employed. The railway system, like all large inventions, has risen to its present im portance by a series of steps ; and so gradual has been its progress, that Europe finds itself committed to a gauge fortuitously determined by the distance between the wheels of the carts for which wooden rails were originally laid down. that cro Lst w a nin o g f engine, a a ch ll iev c e a m m e e nt t o h f e m l e o c c h o a m n o ic ti a v l e science, which enables us to convey a lo ad of 200 tons at a cost of fuel scarcely exceeding that of the corn and hay which the original pack-horse consumed in convey ing its load of 3 cwt. an equal distance. It was chiefly in this locality that the railway system was thus reared from earliest infancy to full maturity; and amongst the many names associated with its growth, that of George Stephenson stands pre-eminent. The coal fields of this district, so intimately connected with the railway system both in its origin and maintenance, will doubtless receive much attention from the association at their present meet ing. Estimates have been made at various periods of the time which would be required to produce com plete exhaustion of all the accessible coal in the British Islands. These estimates are extremely discordant; but the discrepancies arise, not from any important disagreement as to the available quantity of coal, but from the enormous difference in the rate of consumption at the various dates when the estimates were made, and also from the different views which . have been entertained as to the probable increase of consumption in future years. The quantity of coal yearly worked from British mines has been almost trebled during the last twenty years, and has probably increased tenfold since the commencement of the present cen tury; but as this increase has taken place pending the introduction of steam navigation and railway transit, and under exceptional conditions of manufacturing development, it would be too much to assume that it will continue to advance with equal rapidity. The statistics collected by Mr. Hunt, of the Mining Record Office, show that at the end of 1861. tt.e quantity of coal raised in the United Kingdom had reached the enormous total of 86 millions of tons, and that the average annual in crease of the eight preceding years amounted to 211 millions of tons. Let us inquire, then, what will be the duration of our coal-fields if this more moderate rate of increase be maintained. Professor Tyndall's recent discoveries respect ing the absorption and radiation of heat by va pours and permanent gases constitute important additions to our knowledge. The extreme deli cacy of his experiments and the remarkable distinctness of their results render them beauti ful examples of physical research. They are of great value as affording further illustrations of the vibratory actions in matter which constitute heat ; but it is in connection with the science of meteoro logy that they chiefly command our attention. From these experiments we learn that the minute quan tity of water suspended as invisible vapour in the atmosphere acts as a warm clothing to the earth. The efficacy of this vapour in arresting heat is, in comparison with that of air, perfectly astound ing. Although the atmosphere contains on an ave rage but one particle of aqueous vapour to 200 of air, yet that single particle absorbs 80 times as much heat as the collective 200 particles of air. Remove, says Professor Tyndall, for a single summer night, the aqueous vapour from the air which overspreads this country, and you would assuredly destroy every plant incapable of bearing extreme cold. The warmth of our fields and gardens would pour itself unrequitted into space, and the sun would rise upon an island held fast in the grip of frost. Many me teorological phenomena receive a feasible explana tion from these investigations, which are probably destined to thraw further light upon the functions of our atmosphere. There is another source of motive power to which I am induced to refer, as exhibiting an instance in which solar iefluence afford the means of obtaining lifted mechanical effects fr oinanimate agents. I allude t w o b t i h eh e p it ow be e e r of water b y heights action t o of the sun. To illustrate the great advantage of collecting water for power in elevated situations, I may refer to the waterworks of Greenock, where the collecting reservoirs are situated at an elevation of 512 feet above the river Clyde. The daily yield of these reservoirs is said to be nearly 100,000 tons of water, which is derived from the rainfall on the area of 5,000 acres. The power Jbtainable from this quantity and head of water is equal to that of a steam engine of about 2,000 horse power, and the whole effect might be realised on the margin of the river by bringing down the water in a pipe of sufficient capacity, and causing it to act as a column on suitable machinery at the foot of the descent. I have hitherto spoken of coal only as a source of mechanical power, but it is also extensively used for the kindred purpose of relaxing those cohesive forces which resist our efforts to give new forms and conditions to solid substances. In these appli cations, which are generally of a metallurgical nature, the same wasteful expenditure of fuel is everywhere observable. In an ordinary furnace employed to fuse or soften any solid substance, it is the excess of the heat of combustion over that of the body heated which alone is rendered available for the purpose intended. The rest of the heat, which in many in stances constitutes by far the greater proportion of the whole, is allowed to escape uselessly into the chimney. The combustion, also, in common furnaces is so imperfect, that clouds of powdered carbon, in the form of smoke, envelope on: manufacturing towns, and gases, which ought to be completely oxygenised in the fire, pass into the air with two thirds of their heating power undeveloped. Some rem e d y fc t hi s state of things, we may hope, is at hand, in the gas regenerative furnaces recently introduced by Mr. Siemens. With regard to smoke, which is at once a waste and a nuisance, having myself taken part with Dr. Richardson and Mr. L 'd engri ge in a series of ex periments made in this neighbourhood in the years 1857 58 for the purpose of testing the practicability of preventing smoke in the combustion of bitumin ous coal in steam-engine boilers, I can state with perfect confidence that, so far as the raising of steam is concerned, the production of smoke is unnecessary and inexcusable. The experiments to which I refer proved beyond doubt, that by an easy method of firing, combined with a due admission of air and a proper arrangement of fire-grate, not involving any complexity, the emission of smoke might be per fectly avoided, and that the prevention of the smoke increased the economic value of the fuel and the evaporating power of the boiler. As a rule there is more smoke evolved from the fires of steam engines than from any others, and it is in these fires that it may be most easily prevented. But in the furnaces used for most manufacturing operations the prevention of smoke is much more difficult, and will probably not be effected until a radical change is made in the system of applying fuel for such ope rations. 'ot less wasteful and extravagant is cur mode of . —Xo -,. ;:: , , • , _ , 4 .‘l 4 N ''''': -;. " ',',...,„., k•?• : 1 . '. 'l t. : ';: 3 . 11 k - , gc, ~..,....„- 4,,---f it ,,,..: , - 'I: , : ' t , '.,,....,',:, ,-. ;, I K........ ." 7 + 4 * i, • „ ... , ' : I'll' art ",, i , fir , ~.,2(400.., ‘.....,,,_ ,t , 31 Me,..ra;4 ;.6 1 .111. 1 i , _ ,A.:1410 .1111 6,704 1 / 4 1 , % - -:,...,‘ • It'.. 401, ..! 0- , ,/ "'llfi '4o= . - . -- .......-- ..'s'-.,')_. e. ......... , v, 2 NVI,I iit IV - •' . ib i l lW' ilia --TA' ,'ii'l o ,l 4 •' , l- l eAl a ''''47.),fi , a , • -,...- ~ 4. t-ioy.. imorr lllll . .........e."- ....'z' .' r ' t r—tl ' Itlf ' ' ` - .4 , • ..... ' ll - 1. .v , •,,,f , t‘ --r-- Few sciences have more practical value than me teorology, and there are few of which we as yet know so little. Nothing would contribute more to the saving of life and property, and to augmenting the general wealth of the world, than the ability to foresee with certainty impending changes of the weather. At present our means of doing so are ex ceedingly imperfect, but, such as they are, they have been employed with considerable effect by Ad miral Fitzroy in warning mariners of the probable approach of storms. We may hope that so good an object will be effected with more unvarying success when we attain a better knowledge of the causes by whin wind and rain, heat and cold, are determined. The balloon explorations conducted with so much intrepidity by Mr. Glaisher, under the auspices of the British Association, may perhaps in some de gree assist in enlightening us upon these important subjects. We have learnt from Mr. Glaisber's ob servations that the decrease of temperature with elevation does not follow the law previously as sum of 1 deg. in 300 feet, and that in fact it follows no definite law at all. Mr. Glaisher appears also to have ascertained the interesting fact that rain is only precipitated when clouds exist in a double layer. Rain-drops, he has found, diminish in size with elevation, merging into wet mist and ulti mately into dry fog. Mr. Glaisher met with snow for a mile in thickness below rain, which is at vari ance with our preconceived ideas. He has also rendered good service by testing the efficiency of various instruments at heights which cannot be visited without personal danger. The facility now given to the transmission of in telligence and the interchange of thought, is one of the most remarkable features of the present age. Cheap and rapid postage to all parts of the world— paper and printing reduced to the lowest possible cost—electric telegraphs between nation and nation, town and town, and now oven (thanks to the beau tiful inventions of Professor Wheatstone) between house and house—all contribute to aid that com merce of ideas by which wealth and knowledge are augmented. Another subject of a social character which de mands our consideration is the much debated ques tion of weights and measures. Whatever difference of opinion there may be as to the comparative merits of decimal and duodecimal division, there can at all events be none as to the importance of assimilating the systems of m easurement in different countries. It is much to be regretted that two standards of measure so nearly alike as the English yard and the French metre should not be made absolutely identical. The metric system has already been adopted by other nations besides France, and is the only one which has any chance of becoming universal. We in England, therefore, have no alter native but to conform with France, if we desire general uniformity. The change might easily be introduced in scientific literature, and in that case it would probably extend itself by degrees among the commercial classes without much legislative pressure. Besides the advantages which wou ld thus be gained in rega r d t o uniformity, I am ce n- vineed that the ad o ption of the dec imal divi sion of the French scale would be attended with great convenience both in science and co mmerce. I can speak from personal experie nce of the superio rity of decimal measurement in all cases where accuracy is required in mech anical construction. In the Elswick Works, as well as in some other la rge , establiehments of the sam e description, the inch adopted as the unit, and all fractional part s are expressed in decimals.. No difficulty has b een ex _ perienced in habituating the workmen to the nee of this method, and it has greatly contributed to pre cision of workmanship. The inch, however, is too small a unit, and it would be aavantagea us to sub stitute the metre if general concurrence could be founded in error ; is a 1.% most incon obtained. As to ou r t h e r mometric scale, it was sod ought at o nce A yOreirigiiennatiliyn dive ion, to be absn- , ',-' C PRICE..... _...4d. STAMPED ....sd. doned in favour of the centigrade scale. The recog nition of the metric system and , of the centigrade scale by the numerous men of sci ence compos i ng th e British Associ a ti on would be a most important step towards effecting that universal adoption of the French standards in this country which sooner or later will inevitably take place ; and the association, in its collective capacity, might take the lead in this good work, by excluding in future a ll ot h er standards from their published proceedings. The recent discovery of the source of the Nile by Captains Speke and Grant has solved a problem i n geography which has been a subject of speculation from the earliest ages. It is an honour to England that this interesting discovery has been made by two of her sons; and the British Association, which is accustomed to value every addition to knowledge for its own sake, whether or not it be attended with any immediate utility, will at once appreciate the importance of the discovery, and the courage and devotion by which it has been accomplished. The science of organic life has of late years been making great and rapid strides, bed it is gratifying to ob serve that researches both in zoology and botany are characterised in the present day by great accu racy and elaboration. Investigations patiently conducted upon true inductive principles cannot fail eventually to elicit the hidden laws which govern the animated world. Neither is there any lack of bold speculation contemporaneously with this painstaking spirit of inquiry. The remark able work of Mr. Darwin promulgating the doc trine of natural selection has produced a pro found sensation. The novelty of this ingenious theory, the eminence of its author, and his masterly treatment of the subject, have per haps combined to excite more enthusiasm in its favour than is consistent with that dispas sionate spirit which it is so necessary to preserve in the pursuit of truth. The Dar winian theory, when fully enunciated, founds the pedigree of living nature upon the most elementary form of vitalised matter. One step further would carry us back, without greater violence to probability, to inorganic rudiments, and then we should be called upon to recognise in ourselves, and in the exquisite elaborations of the ani mal and vegetable kingdoms, the ultimate results of mere material forces left free to follow their own unguided tendencies. Surely our minds would in that case be more oppressed with a sense of the miraculous than they now are in attributing the wondrous things around us to the creative hand of a Great presiding Intelligence. The evidences bearing upon the antiquity of man have been recently produced, in a collected and most logically treated form, by Sir Charles Lyell. It seems no longer possible to doubt that the human race has existed on the earth in a barbarian state for a period far exceeding the limit of historical record; but, notwithstanding this great antiquity, the proofs still remain unaltered that man is the latest as well as the noblest work of God. I will not run the risk of wearying this assembly by extending my remarks to other branches of science. In conclusion I will express a hope that when the time again comes round to receive the British Association in this town, its members will find the interval to have been as fruitful as the corresponding period on which we now look back. The tendency of progress is to quicken progress, because every acquisition in science is so much vantage ground for fresh attainment. We may expect, therefore, to increase our speed as we struggle forward; but however high we climb in the pursuit of knowledge, we shall still see heights above us; and the more we extend our view, the more con scious we shall be of the immensity which lies beyond. Fatal Balloon Accident near Nottingham. The inquest upon the body of the unfortunate man Chambers, who met with his death on Monday night at Arno Vale, near Nottingham (the begin ning of which we reported yesterday), came to a conclusion on Tuesday evening. In reply to a question by the foreman of the jury, Mr. Coxwell said had the gas in the bal loon been ordinary gas, purified in the proper way, that which came into the face of the deceased would not have hurt him. It was gas made with more regard to quantity than quality. The works at which it was made were but small, and they ac cordingly tried to produce as much gas as possible ; therefore the possibility is that coal was used which would give a greater volume of gas from a smaller quantity of ordinary coal. The foreman—How could you bring your mind to allow an ascent under these circumstances ? Mr. Coxwell said he could not have thought that any one who had the balooning experience of de ceased would have so mismanaged the balloon as to allow a sufficient quantity of gas to go into his face to render him insensible. was standing in the By a Juryman—When he car the balloon, from which the gas escaped, would be about six feet from the mouth of the deceased. Mr. Coxwell further said that when Mr. Glaisher and himself ascended to great heights the gas in the balloon proportionately expanded. The ges that would occupy a space of 90,000 feet at a height of seven miles from the earth would not occupy more than a fourth of that space on the earth's surface. If a balloon were to go up only half full it would rise and rise unless checked until perfectly full. At three and three quarter miles from the earth a volume of gas will double its bulk. Now, he told this poor man not to go too high, but to check the balloon and come down if it was only at the dis tance of a mile. In reply to questions by a juryman, the wit ness said the danger of insensibility and death from breathing gas was in pro portion to its p ur i ty or im purity. He bad no doubt that some portion of gas bad been inhaled into the lun gs of th e d ecease d. He also said that when Mr. Glaisher and himself made their high ascent about si x wee k s ago t h e balloon was drifting out to sea, an d th e y ma d e a very rapid descent. They came down two miles in about four minutes, and the valve of his large bal loon, which was three times as large as this, was broken in a similar way. The balloon came over on its side and completely disarranged the whole thing. The Coroner—Then you are of op i n i on that the f a ll to the earth fractured the valve and the spring Mr. Colwell—Decidedly. - Mr. Wells (solicitor on behalf of deceased's rela. fives)--What was your balloon cal culated to lift ? Mr. Co lwe ll—With ordinary gas it would lift 14,0001 b., d e d uc ti ng the weight of the balloon, have lifting po wer equal 3501 b., and then it should to three or four persons and the usual ballast. A Juryman--The grappling-irons Were, I sup pose left out unintentionally e y . were left out intentionally; Mr. Coxwell—Th not rise with the grappling-irons. the balloon would Foreman— would a man safely descend The Forera rons without graPP lin g" l Mr. Coltwell—l have frequently done it myself on calm ev enings. I hav e a rope i n t h e balloon, and by his not lowering the rope provided for him i n the balloon it proves to me that he was in an in sensible state. The Coroner—You do not attribute the accident to the gas ? Mr. Colwell. --.Oh no; had it been lighter gas, though, I sh ou ld h ave gone up m yself; but knowi ng this poor fellow to be experienced, ar.d not wishing to disappoint the visitors, I accepted his offer. The Foreman—Supposing the man had not gone uP, what should you have done ? Mr. Colwell—l had made ample provision in that case. I had two tickets being written, " Mr. Coxwell's balloon from Basf,ad Park ;" with direc tions to whoever should find it to return it. One of these tickets was written, and while the other was being written the deceased got into the car, and went up. The Coroner sumtnei up ; and The Jury returned the following verdict:—That the deceased James Chambers, ascended tte car at tech A to a balloon d u ri ng f a i r wea ther; that he : ascended in a voluntary manner and by his own free will ; that through inhaling gas he became insen sible, ned was unable to work the ballon properly, and the balloon coming into violent collision with the earth caused his death. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing liornituates pure Tea ; very choice at 3s 4d. and "High Standard " at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the stro ngest and most delicious imported, agents in every town ouPP I Y it in Dockets. /1~1~ ~i y~~ Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., E R 0 N I A. V "This novel exhibits no mean powers of conception and expression."—Mormng Post. " the style is both lively and picturesque."—Paily News. Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Marlborough-street. F RASER'S MAGAZ: Price A Plea for the Free Discus sion of ThcologicalDifficul ties. Late Laurels. A Tale. Chap ters XI V. and XVI. Harvest. ByAstley H. Bald win. Our Manufacturing Districts under a Cloud. By a Man chester Man. The Perionical Press of the United Stites of America. A Fortnight in Belgium in the June and July of 1863. Recreations of a London Re cluse. A Chapter on Madagascar. London: Parker, Son, am CONT: NE for SEPTEMBER. !s. 6d. Lawrence Bloomfield in Ire land. Part Xl.—Lord and Lady. Free Translation from Pro pertius. By Edmund W. Head. On the Crelibility of Old Song-History and Tradi tion. "Moriens Cano."—The Pic ture of the Christian Mar tyr in the International Exhibition. On the Forest-Hill: with some Tnough • s toulhing uream-Lite. By .A.K.H.B. The Prussian Crisis. Bourn, West Strand, W.C. `EN TS. CRITIQUES on the LEADERS of the ev NEW SPA PER PRESS—Riews of all New Books— English and Foreign Scientifi , i ln tormation—Extracts— Gossip, Sze., &c., in the LITERARY TIMES, every week. Twopence. 8 , ), Fleet-street. T " OXFOR D, 6, OXFORD STREET, W. THIS EVENING, will be performed Operatic Selections from Sir Henry R. Cishop's THE SLAVE and Halevy's MUSKETEERS (first time in England). Principal Artistes—Miss Russell, Miss Ell.son, Messrs. Green, Bernardi, Huish, &c., with full band and chorus. Conductor, Mr. F. J ong h m ans. Flute Solos by Drew Dean &c. Comic, by UNSWORTH (,‘ or any other man "), Eugene, W. Randall, A. Lloyd, and George Hodson. Also, a Pei form ance b y Herr SCHALKENBACH on his wonderful instrument, the PIANO ORCHEsTRE, contain ing a full b au d of 40 instruments. The HALL his just been newly Decorated and Ventilated, and is one of the most Beautiful in the Metropolis. Open at 8 o'clock. Admission, ed. ; stalls and balcony, ls. ; private boxes, 10s. 6d. CANTERBURY HALL " GHOST."—In order to gratify the curiosity of nightly-increasing crowds, Mr. C. MORTON has transferred the representation of Pro fessor Pepper and Henry Dirks, Esq.'s, world-famed spectral Illusion, " THE GHOST," f rom th e Picture G al l ery to t h e Concert Hall, where a new and elegant stage is erected, affording a more ample view of the Illusion from Stalls, Bal cony, and body of the HaIL He has also arranged for Mr. A. Silvester to give (with all that gentleman's latest im provements a TI. ,en eff o e , ct I s) k. REPRESENTATIONS EACH All the other Musical and Pictorial attractions as usual, including Operatic Selections, be. ; Unsworth (the modern Demosthenes), Eugene, Arthur Lloyd, George Hodson, &e. ROYAL ALHAMBRA PALACE. Th e FAIRY FOUNTAIN.--A Grand Divertissement by Signora Rachele and Mariannina and Signor Guisepoe Fran ce•co, Issis'ed by a corns of Twenty young Ladies—The Conrads as the Original French Clowns and on the Corde Elastique—Les Petits Monstres—Brian and Conly in an amusing- and novel Burlesque -Mrs. Brian as Old Aunt Sally, kc., &c.—Wood and his Wonderful Son—Grand Operatic Selections :—Principals, Miss M'Gregor, Mr. Albert, Signor Geor,gini (the new Italian tenor), and Mr. Vernon Rigby— Band and Chorus of Sixty Performers. 'IMMENSE SUCCESS of the ALHAMBRA GHOST, a highly comical and amusing rPpresentation of the popular optical illusion.—EVEllY EVENING, at Eleven o'clock. MADAME TUSSAUD'S HISTORICAL GAL LERY—Established 27 years at the Bazaar, Baker street.—AMEßlCAN WAR. —A Model of GENERAL M'CLELLAN, in military untorm, late Commander-in- Chief of the Federal Army, is now added.—CONTINUA TION of ANCIENT ENGLISH KINGS. Henry V., in the costume of the period. Open from li till 10 at night. Ad mittance, Is; extra rooms, 6d. EST ABLISHED 1833. nOWDEN'S }ERATED G INGER BEER, in JILW glass or stone bottles, warranted to keep good twelve months. Lemonad e , Soda-water, Potass, Seltzer, and every description of Mineral Waters.—Manuf ac t ory , No. 3, White Hart-street, Drury-lane, W.C. TO ENGINEERS, ARCHITECTS, AND CONTRACTORS IN THE EASTERN, SOUTH - EASTERN, AND SOUTH-WESTERN COUNTIES. GREAVES' BLUE LIAS LIME, 14, SOUTH WTI ARP, PADDINGTON, W., L. M. TATHAM, Agent. Arrangements are now made by which this well-known BLUE LIAS LIME can be sent direct from the kilns in Warwickshire, in Greaves and Kirshaw's own trucks. t o an y stations on the above-named lines, as fresh as though burnt upon the spot, and at a lower price. ANY Q IJANTITY, of either lump or ground can be sup plied at a few days' notice, and trucks forwarded daily from the kilns and mill. Contractors will find this worth their notice, as they can be supplied at any time, in quantities to suit their require ments, from SIX TONS and upwards. THE LAUNDRESSES to her Into klnjegtv Queen Adelaide say, that " BRIGGS' AUSTRALIAN W S PAT El needs but to be tried to be approved " Sole Wholesale Agent, Harper Twelvetrees, Bromley - by:Bow, London, E. CARD PLATES ENGRAVED. Any Pattern 50 BEST CARDS. Print( d from Plate REAL MOROCCO CARL) CASES 1,000 BUSINECS ENVELOPES, gummed 3s. NEWSPAPER ENVELOPES, 4 doz. 6d. P. ARNOLD, Manufacturing Stationer, 86, Fleet-street, E.C. CELEBRATION of the TERCENTENARY of ‘L.) the BIRTH of SHAKSPEARE, at Stratford-upon- Avon. The Tercentenary Committee (ot which Sir Robert N. C. Hamilt on , Bart , K.C.8., is Chairman; are now receiv ing SUBSCRIPTION?, and they may also be paid to the Smith, account of the Tercentenary Committee, at the Stourbridge and Kidderminster or Warwick and Leamington Banks, Stratf ord - upon-Avon ; Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and Green tio T n i T —waY, Warwick ; or their London agents, Messrs. rest their claims P aYne, and Co , Messrs Ha burgs and Co., or Mews. Glyn and Co , bankers, London. Tercentenary Committee, in submitting th. subscrip the birth all admirreiseetef of sha ist th the nation, most earnest!) , appeal to the admirers litnne, the t s e ' the care for their aid and assistance. The Committee Vaims upon the ground that Stratford is not only Shakspeal e, Ind the centre of attraction to great Poet's works, and that it was his own he loved, and where he lived and died. RO YA in theL i FR EE HOSPITAL. Gray's-inn-road, mmediate vicinity of the Great Northern Rail , at It way Terminu s Patron—The QUEEN. b across. President —The Duke of BUCCLEUCH, LG. Tesurer— Edward Masterman, This was the first hospital to introduce the principle of free and instant admission to the destitute sick, without the for mality of eovernors' letters. It is entirely devoted to desti tution in its most pitiable form —viz , that which is accom panied by sickness and disease, and is DOW of sufficient magnitude that, with into support, it may be rendered capable of admitting into its wards a very large proportion of the casual sick of this great metropolis. It requires but the funds in order to have 500 beds available for the reception of these the most wretched of our fellovv-creatures. Moreover, it gratuitously affords medical advice and medicine to more, on the average, than 3,000 out-patients a week. The Weekly Board feel it their imperative duty to make an EARNEST APPEAL to the public for continued support, to cr.able them to admit and relieve the distressing cases that daily present themselves. M Contributions are received by th e Treasurer, Edward man, Esq., Nicholas-lane; also by Messrs. Coutts and Co. ; Drummond and Co. ; }ferries and Co. ; Ransom and Co. ; Prescott, Grote, and Co.; Smith, Payne, and Co. ; Glyn and Co. ; Jones Loyd and Co. ; Barclay and Co. ; Denison and Co. ; W ,Iliams, Deacon, and Co. ; Overend, Gurney, and Co. ; Nisbet and Co. ; Messrs. J. Barned and Co., Liverpool and at the Hospital. STANFORD S. 5311T17. Secretary. ROYAL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION (Incorporated by Royal Charter). PATRONESS—Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. PRESIDENT—Vice-Admiral the Duke of Northumberland, K.G., F.R.S. CRAIRMAN—Thos. Baring, Esq., M.P., F.R.S., V. P. 13 EruTv-CitAinatAN—Thomas Chapman, Esq., F.R.S., V.P. he beginning APPEAL. The Committee of Management have to state that, since Institution has expended £32,000 on various Lifeboat of the year 1860, the Royal National Lifeboat Estab lishments on the Coasts of England. Scotland, and Ireland. The number of lives saved by the Life-boats of the Society, and other means, since its formation, is 12,800; for which services 82 Gold Medals, 718 Silver Medals, and £16,480 in cash have been paid in rewards. The Institu tion has also expended £67,000 on Life-boats, Life-boat Transporting -cart ik.res and Boat-houses. The Committee desire to express their grateful sense of the generous supp or t which they have received from 'die British public during the past few years, a supnert which has enabled them to establish their present magnificent fleet of 123 Lifeboats on the shores of the United Kingdom Deeply sensible, however, of the great responsibility that rests on them to maintain their fleet in a thoroughly efficient state, and its Crews practised in the management of their boats, whi •h can only be effected by a large and permanent annual income, they earnestly appeal to all classes of their countrymen to aid them in upholding and perpetuating so great and truly national a work. The Committee grateful*, acknowledge the following con tributions:— ITer Masesty the queen .. .. •. annual 51 e s. t t l l :: TAlllgi Camp!cell, the Hon. Mrs. G, .. .. .. annual 50 0 Clerk, Colonel, B.A. • • • • • . annual 11 0 . 10 ) g g Rrle, Lord C:hief Justice .. • • ••. don. 10 10 0 Pansh Vice-Admiral Sir A., 1C.C.8. .. 2d don. 25 o 0 CC:iali.rttities:alili,din C0.,.3q1.75r5.,..8ank.e.rs :: t sii ` nl e a n rvit : e l y c a k m, w , i e rt i se ';,. v. . (. : G ll. o ,. r E cig s e. : a . : , d co m st rs o i f _a Lifeboat ,,.ii . a . trldlo'nra.n -.... 7th don.. 10 0 0 sportinf„ , " Carriage • • • • • • • • 250 0 0 m oore. , R S e i v r Henry, Ba re rt. e.nwie .. h .. ...... .. .. don 15 15 0 3 3 0 0 annual 2 0 0 T B t rl ing, Col. Sir Anthony, it..u.n ship ' 16 16 0 Willoughby d' dy Weston-super-Mare, collectedby her L'regb Lord• • • • _ y,.. amnia 0 0 11 re tePonations and Annual Subscriptions will be thankfu . z lis Percival the Hankers of the Institution, Messrs. Coutts and Co., 59, 0., 6, nna ar, , jam,,,Strand ; sres bursßeries, C 7 L b 1- , treot 7 , har and Co., 16, St. s-streo London•l the Collectors of Customs and Banker. 1., ; . lnd by the Secretary Richard Leman the UniiedKinglom; • ~. watutiou, /1 2 0 T l+, ll l ., ebsrs. q. at the Office 4101.112,-tilreet, .tidethw L --- • 031don x tr.%.... INNI EIVS PA PE R Naval and. Military Intelligitu,4l:'7iliP "t- f 4 6.-74 44(.4.;704 THE NAVY. r „ 7 tpr,4 "iP. 1 +44..t,17 .. ,5k1 The Government having decided on abegiiiiifil#4 A, s,c the dockyard end naval store establishment ata S . ' - Deal, Admiralty instructions have been received at Chatham, directing the whole of the stores to be removed from tEe Deal yard to Chatham, where they will be inspected by the officials of the esta blishment. Those which are found to be unfitted for the public service will be condemned and dis posed of. Already several of the largest descrip tions of anchors and cables save been transferred from Deal to Chathain, and two of the dockyard transports are employed c:Kclusively in removing the remainder of the stores. The site of the dock yard will be appropriated by the Government for building purposes, 3 portion being set apart for in creasing the barrack accommodation of the troops quartered at Deal. The improv emen t s l a t e l y i ntroduced by the Ad miralty int o i ron shiphuiiding, and more particu larly those made in the construction of the Bellero phon, have had the effect of stimulating the private shipb u il d i ng interest to unwonted activityin the same dire ct i on. The coirin'ttee of Lloyds' have submitted th e i r rules and regulations ' i for the build ing of ir on sh i ps to a thaereoute' a revision, based o n t communications Which have been b co y u a n l - 1 the principal i ron shipbuiiders try. The suggestions which have been brought been t ee i n a this way to the noti ce o f the committee a h well considered, and ma d e the basis of of regulations, compil e d by Messrs. Martinne cod 9 Ritchie, the principal shipbuilding surveyors s an a d t Lloyds'. In order to render this code fully intelli gible to the profession, the committee have offered to their large staff of surveyors a series of prizes to those who should succeed in producing the best and most exact set of illustrated drawings of everything relating to iron shipbuilding. In order at the same time to secure a thoroughly independent adjudication upon the various competit.ve plans, the committee requested Mr. Reed, the recently appointed chief constructor at the Admiralty, t o award the prizes. He has done so, and also prepared an official report, which is about to be printed and circulated by the committee for the information of the surveyors and agents throughout the world. The first prize has been awarded to Mr. Cornish, the youngest surveyor on the staff at Lloyds'. Prizes of a second-class have also been awarded to Messrs. Boolds, Davey, Light, and Lane. The re port of Mr. Reed was so satisfactory to the commit tee, and afforded such evidence of the professional skill evinced by Lloyds' surveyors, that the com mittee have trebled the sum which they originally appropriated as prizes and gratuities to the compe titors. The prize drawings will be engraved and published for the guidance of the shipbuilding pro fession. A number of workmen are now busily employed at Chatham in cutting away the solid granite aides at the entrance to No. 2 dock, in which the iron. whip Achille s i s un d er cons t ruc ti on , i n readiness for that vessel being floated out. As much as 2ft. Bin., or 16in. on each side, will have to be cut away from the entire length of the solid wall on both. sides the dock in order to admit of the Achilles being floated out without touching the sides. Major-Gen. Bloomfield, Inspector-General of the Royal Artillery, returned to town last evening from a tour of inspection in Scotland and the northern districts. The fallowing appointments have been made at the Admiralty--Lieut. W. Howarth to the Hogue, for service in the Harpy ; Lieut. Richard H. Napier to the Duke of Wellington ; Sub-Lieut. Edward I. Bellett and Sub• Lieut. Francis H. Chapman to the Marlborough. BEES AND BEEKEEPING. (Front the Field.) REMOVING BEES TO THE HE. THER—Your correspon dent "Socdolager" appears to have managed his bees very badly in taking them to the moors; and as it is my object to preserve the lives of these interesting, useful, little crea tures, and to encourage bee-keeping, by showing how tliey can make a good profit out of their bees, I cannot better cony nee him that swarms can be moved with perlect safety than by publishing a correspondence that I have had since my instructions appeared in the _Field of July 25, white will show him that other people besides myself can carry swarms any distance if my instructions are strictly carried out (as "Socdolager" says that loss is sure to ensue if swarms are removed to the moors, and he warns all bee keepers not to remove swarms). A gentleman in Lincoln shire wrote to me on the 29th July, saying that previous to seeing my instructions in the Field how to remove bees to the heather, he had removed 13 swarms to the moors, and the combs broke down inseveral of them, and the bees were all drowned in their own sweets. lie says :—" The plan I pursued was, I took the hives gently off the stands, and tied them up in a thin piece of calico, and they were con veyed very steadily, but you appear to prefer carrying then turned upside down. My bees are in flat-topped straw hives. I shall esteem it a great favour if you will drop me a line with some further instructions, as I want to take about 20 more hives to the heather." Clayton-bridge, Apairy, near Manchester, July 30, 1863. Dear Sir.—l am sorry you have had the misfortune to lose some of your hives and bees, as it is very discouraging. The new combs, especially in late swarms, aro as brittle as glass, and break down with the least shake when heated, and even fall with their own weight if they have any honey in them, as the bees. when made up with the finest calico, get excited, and the heat ascending to the top of the hive, saon heats the combs, and they give way. But I think, if you will follow my directions, you will meet with no fur ther accidents, as I have taken my bees to the heather for many years —part of the way by the railway, and then six miles over a very rough country—on, and: suspended under a carriage, and I took them again last Saturday with out any accident. Fasten your bees, especially your swarms, in a covey of very open net (strong cap-net will do) with holes in just small enough to prevent the bees escaping, and, when tied securely, turn the Live gently up, but mind that the edge of the combs are at the bottom part as you turn it over, otherwise the comb will probably bend o break with its own weight and the bees upon it. When turned bottom upwards. the combs all res t up on their own founda tions, and the heat always a scends , and so escapes th roug h the net, the inside of the hive is kept cool. Swarms always ride the best suspended ; with old hives the same amount of care is not necessary, as the bees varnish their combs with a sort of glue, and when they have had brood in the combs the cocoons left in the cells again strengthens them, so that tboy become nearly as tough as leather, and you can knock them about as you like, provided you give them plenty of air. It will be a gratification to me to hear that I have been the means of saving you your property and the lives of the poor bees, and am, yours respectfully, W. CARR. D2ar Sir,—lt is impossible for me to return you suffi cient thanks for your information about taking bees to the heather. I purchased some strong cap-net, and conveyed my bees as you directed, and I had not one accident, and they all arrived safely at the moors. I had some of them suspended, and others put on some straw in a light cart, and the pony trotted very quickly for about five of the miles over a very rough road, and, as you said, the hives were kept cool, and there was not a single comb damaged in any of swarms whatsoever. If you should at any time be so un fortunate as to lose your bees, I shall have great pleasure irk presenting you with a new stock.—Yours respectfully, Mr. Carr. I have made no mistake, as " Socdolager" imagines, when I advise a full-sized hive to be placed upon the top of the old stock when I want to take the old hive from the bees, and leave them in the new hive when they return from the moors ; as by that time the brood will be nearly all hatched out in the old hive, and the top hive will be filled with sealed honey-combs, which will ensure the bees' preserva tion until next spring ; but if the addition was placed below, the bees, perkapa, if the weather was bad, would not have placed any honey in the bottom hive (as the bees always fill the top combs first), and in that case you could not take the old hive from them.—Wm. CARR. AovEnTisEmENTl—Avoid medicines: they always aggra vate chronic complaints, but Du Barry's Delicious Health Restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, which saves fifty times its cost in other remedies, invariably cures them, restoring perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, healthy liver. pure blood, refreshing sleep, functional regularity, and energy to the most disordered or enfeebled. We extract a few out of 60,000 Cures :—Cure No. 68,216 of the Marchioness de Brehan, Paris, of a liver complaint, wa sting away for seven years, debility, with a nervous palpitation all o ver , bad digestion, constant sleeplessness, themorit intolerable ner vous agitation, and dreadfully low spirited.—Cure No. 1,771. L or d Stuart de Decies, Lord Lieut. of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia.—Na 49,832. "Fifty years' indescribable cony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, c0n,,211, constipation, flatulen. y, spasms, sickness, end vonliting.—Maria —Cure No. 46,270. Mr. James ilohcrts, of Pranley, Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derange ment, and partial deafness.—Cure. No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, cf extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous lancies.—Cure No. 54,810. The Rev. Jas. T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, "of indigestion and torpi dity of the liver, which had resiste.i all medical treatment.* ; In fins, l lb., s. ; 21b.. 4s. 6d 51 b. , I "' ; Ally 40s.— Kirry larry and ca, No.; 77, Regent-str , ei , London; also Fortuuna snd Mas:m ; stud all Groool' «11.‘i `,.ll.•.:llailitS 111 every town 4.4 U. United Ii1D100)32. s. on be Iles. ral feel sure, card that that ly it have fore is in ) lay ), and to 303 to 303 to 27s to 43s to —a ctive. well. Eng it the rered. n last Oats DIV at R. d 13 3 LadY ~~