The Sun. — London, England, 1863-12-03 00:00:00

LONDON, THURSDAY, DEC. 3, 1863. The changes which the last few years have !treated in the railway traffic in England are almost neredible. They certainly would have appeared incrediblea, if foretold some twenty years back. here is hardly so great a distinction between the two differentmaps of France, as divided into Pro vale% i) wad epartments, as there is in the travel ling map of :England as aff e ct e d by the Roads and th e same time Railways.o The change which has fur permeating the whole system is now making itself e s p ec i a lly felt in the head and heart of t h e a transformati on as complete London is undergoing as that effected by a g enius of the Arabi an Nights. Where our fathers wa lked, we ride, a n d e r s sons will go by steam. From Londo n to Y ork . wa onc e a coach and horse journey, now from Ch atieg.cr ;I"Y to London Brid ge is a matter o f railwa y tra aao shortly it will be as natural t o the Lo ndoner to step into a ra ilway train to p a y a morni ng ex ecute a commi ssion in a . visit, or neighbouring street as it is for the Venetian to des cend into his gondola. The pr actical convenience of use changes, as afE.cting business men in this pre eminently eminently busy age, when time . is comput e d ) not by days and hours, but by minutes and fr actious, is of immense importance, and the railway s wh o are responding to the great demand for speed will very certainly reap the profit of their speculativ e enterprise. It is said that the new railway jest opened between Charing-cross and the city has cost no less than £l,OOO a-yard! but even that enormous outlay implies no risk on the part of shareholders. This is a " great fact," which, more forcibly than a hundred argu ments, exhibits the wonderful extent to which rail way travelling is adopted by the British million. In proportion as the public convenience and rail way prosperity increase so must the prudent cau tion of the authorities become more vigilant in all that regards the public safety. As an evidence railway ll• tra • e ing is not in itself more necessarily dangerous than other modes of traffic Via record to-d ay a painful case in which by the carelessness of a railway omnibus driver • ' a promising youth Was rendered P g very heavy award a helpless invalid for life. A of damages will afford but a poor compensation for the blighted life which his distinguished counso touchingly and. eloquently sel , Mr. Sergeant SAFE, quently alluded to. This accident might have happened t w ith a reckless driver. Most to stage coach the accidents on railways are due to similar causes, want of thought and want of care. In many recent instances danger has been incurred or very narrowly avoided by the d,..nger:as cus;:jta which so frequently prevail, in country pacts of 'letting a carriage road crows a rail way line. The Priilce of WALES some few months back had very nearly been subjected to soma cgs_ MR. BEECHER cannot complain of being unap. preciated. His return to America has been the signal for one of those extravagant outbursts of welcome in which the inhabitants of that country take so deep a delight. It would have been impos sible to overrate the reception accorded to the great man. Animated by the occasion, Mr. BEECHER spoke in somewhat a different strain from what he did in his speeches over here. He was more mode rate in his tone in some respects,and more gracious in his demeanour. His expressions of pleasure at his ret'zrn were evidently genuine, and it is certainly better that he should be in a congenial sphere in stead of wearing himself out by endeavouring to force convictions upon those of opposite tendencies to his own. He was wasting his energies to no Purpose in trying to cram his ultra notions and ex treme views into the minds of those whose general opinions were diametrically opposed to him, and who regarded him with a jealous, and even perhaps a prejudiced eye. The time of probation is past, and the wanderer returns to his home, the pilgrim regains his native land, and the shores resound with delight, and the people vie with each other in acclaim, and make his restoration among them a sort of jubilee. It is interesting to dwell upon the short discourse of the hero of the scene, because although he distinctly said that he was not going on that occasion to make a " speech," still he ex pressed his views concerning the country he had visited in his brief tour ; and sometimes an un guarded sentence uttered among friends, where the armour of defence is for a moment thrown aside, is more likely to reveal the true state of feel ing, and disclose the actual conviction of the mind, than when, with due state and solemn pre paration we listen to the studied oration, full of well-weighed sentenees, and rife with that peculiar frankness which often hides all that we want to know, and prevents us from hearing all of which we are particularly anxious to be informed. It must have been especially satisfactory to his hearers to learn from Mr. BEECHER that thoughout the period of his extensive wanderings ; in England, France, Switzerland, Northern Italy, Germany, and Belgium, he was deeply impressed with nothing so much as the memory of those he left behind him, and the thoughts of a return to them were the load stone of his way. When Mr. BEECHER comes to talk of our localities he is sure to put some bitter ingredients into the discourse. When he mentions this country the best he can say is the questionable compliment implied in the line— " England, with all thy faults, I love thee still." There is so much to complain of in us and our nation that it seems surprising he should take the trouble to do so at all. Why not let us alone, some might impatiently exclaim ? But these cavillers are in too much hurry; they do not perceive that the orator of the American pulpit has recognised a mission that has taken him across the broad Atlan tic to preach the words of wisdom, and lay the truths of important subjects of great and glorious import before our benighted lives. He is now enjoying the respite from his arduous toil, and re counting to enthusiastic hearers what he has under gone from the perils of the deep, and the struggles with minds unconverted to the great doctrine of freedom, which he tried to inculcate upon them. Mr. BEECHER makes a short allusion to the reticence practised in France. He says he looked at the people, for he 'was " denied any other privilege of intercourse with them." Perhaps experience will one day show the rulers of that nation the incalculable losses that they incurred in not being permitted to listen to the New World notions which are so powerfully unfolded by the energetic oratory of Mr. BEECHER. After travelling the beautiful and vine clad coun tries, he bent his stops again to England, and it is encouraging to hear that, on the occasion of his second visit, he found less cause for displeasure than on his first arrival. He breathed freer, a n d sa id , " Thank GOD for England !" He appealed from "England misinformed to England better in formed." The reminiscences of his experiences here appear to have been very satisfactory to Mr. BEECHER, and this must be a source of great plea sure to his friends, when they remember the great exertions he made, which in some places were so ill requited. It might strike a sober observer that there is ample scope for the exercise of powers of mind and energy of endurance among his own people, without Mr. BEECHER making all this parade of our " wrongheadedness, prejudice, and corruption among commercial classes." Allowing, for the sake of argument, that some great thinker and social im prover went over to the great continent where these utterances were heard, might he not with truth and reason declare that there was wrong, bitter and in excusable violence, abroad among the people ? Might he not tell the States at strife for an idea that they were darkening the promise and sapping the strongholds of their country's strength, by covering the soil with the corpses of her Ch ildren ? Might they not s trive t o i ncu l ca t e the f tdho is etrine a of forbearance, and prove that liberty do es not li e in controlling the destinies of others. I was done or said, what ra ge an d i n dig na ti on would spread from ono end of th e l an d t o ano th er —we should never hear the last of impertinent in terference and a b surd p re j u di ces. A t a ll events, if we are se fault y, and must be taught by foreigners our duties and our work, let it not be an emissary f ro m the land so rife with prej u di ces , w h o te ll s us to be quit of them—let it not be a citi zen o f th e Staten,who would see n o men masters but them- , them selves, w ho calls our liberties in question ; and let not a countrym an of the rag e who has ever seen dare to spec a w ord a g ainst ourwhoare carrying o n the most deplora ble war the world wrong-headed " There is consistency in all ness. things, and even an American idol should be forced to reco gn i se its laws and bend to its supremacy. It is to be fe ared that no faults are found at bore eloquent an d because that would be unpalatable discourse. But earnest speaker who knows so much, has more to learn if he is ignorant that the wisest.thing a friend can do is to tell of what is irjarious to those in whom he takes eo deers an interest. Flatterers may cajole, and mistaken well-wishers call out peace when there is no peace; but the men of deep thought and real feeling, who have their country's welfare at heart, will, at all times and in all places, risk their own popularity rather than let a known evil or a manifest wrong in the sight of GOD and 1 MESSRS. JAY and CO. have now on show the most unique and perfect assortment of BONNETS, which their Manager has selected in Paris, and brought back with her to this Este blishment. 217, 249, 251, Regent-street. BONNEVS SILKS a LYON.—Every Article of commerce takes its title either from the inventor or na.nu f ac turer, and. the more perfect the production the I gr.ater is the credit which attaches to the originator. BONNET'S SILKS are said to be incapable of identifica tion in England; but the fallacy of such an assertion is ex pos dby the - very trade mark of the firm, as exhibited by Messrs. JAY, of Regent-street. The folit.w ing interwoven mark may be seen at the end o t each p i„ e : Manutacture de C. J. Bonnet et Cie., a Lyon et a lujii.rieux." Wear guaranteed. ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN. Under the Management of Miss Louisa Pyne and Mr. W. Harrison. THIS EVENING, for the 10th time, Balfe's new Opera, BLANCH 0; DE NEVE RS : Miss Louisa eync, Miss Aana Hiles, viiss Erma Heywooil ; M essrs. H. Weiss, H. Corti, A. Cook, A. it. Albyn, C. LyAll, J. Rowe, and W. Harrison. To conclude with the Second Act of THE DESERT FLOWER. Conductor, Mr. A. Mellon. Doors open at half-past Six—commence at Seven. IIHEATRE ROYAL DRURY- LANE. - Managers, Messrs. E. Falconer and F. B. Chatterton. THIS EVENING, her Majesty's Servants will perfor m the Farce of MY 11N:ART'S IN THE HIGHLANDS: characters by Mr. J. Neville, Mr. G. Weston, Mr. Warde, Mr. J. Harris ; Mrs. C. Melville, and Miss Harfieur. After which, Lord Byron's Choral Tragedy, MANFRED. Messrs. A helps, Ryder, Rayner, Mtagreson, Ward, Spencer Miss Eburne, Miss F. Atkinson, Miss Leclercq, and Mrs. E. Falconer. Vocalists — Miss Poole , Miss litter, Miss Cicely Nott, Miss Heywood, and Mr. Swift. Followed by BEAUTY OR THE BEAST. Principal cha- enter, racters by Messrs. Addison, G. F. Neville, Barret, Sp and G. Weston; Mrs Edmund Falconer and Miss It.. Leclerq. THEATRE ROYAL HAY MARKET.- Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr, Buckstone. TIIIS EVENING, SILKEN FETTERS' Messrs. Chas. Mathews, Chippendale, W. Farren, Howe, 8= ; Mesdames C. Mathews and M. Harris. Followed by T LIE GOLDEN FLEECE. Mess Mathews, rs. Charles Mathews, Compton,Weathersby, dz. ; Mesdames C. L Keeley. Griffith, &C. Followed by CO JL AS A CUCUMBER. Mr. C. Mathews. And LITTLE DAISY. Commence at 7. PRINCESS'S THE AT RE.—H ERRMANN.-- The public are respectfully informed that there wi tn il o b re e --- 4 0 rr, IWO ItSIA.N C E THIS EVENING, in consequence of nerr Herrman n's being commanded to p erfor m at Frog , before the .r Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess Of Wales. oi, LYCEUM THEATRE . e Under •• - the Sole Management of Ur. Fecht er. NIONIO (a Triumphant Success) will b repeatedE v y Evening until further notice. 'l' er t - i IS EVENING, the Comedietta, by W. Gilbert, entitled UNCLE BABY: Mess's. Widdicombe, J. G. Shore, Charles; Miss P. LeAereq, and Carlotta Leclercq. Alter which, at Eight o'clock, BEL DEMONIO, a Love Story, in Twelve Tableaux, taken from Stendhal's "Italian. Chronicle," by Mr. John Brougoam. Principal charac ter by Mr. Fechter, supported by Messrs. Jordan, Charles, 13r , uw h ia n, Emery, Raymond, Moreland, Smith, Clifford, Collett, Andrews, Sims ; Miss Kate Terry, E. Lavenue, Airs. Yee, and Miss Elsworthy. Doors open at half-past 6—commence at 7. LEAH.-EVERY NIGHT. MISS BATEMAN.-LEAH.-THIS EVENING, _l7l_, the 56th app earance o f th e grea t T rag ic Actress, Miss BAVIERAN, in the character of LEAH. In c3nsequence of the unbounded success with which Miss Bateman's imperso nation of the principal character in the new Five Act Drama of LitlAH has been attended. Mr Webster begs to announce that It will be performed EVERY EVENING until further notice. NEW THE ATRE-RO VAL, ADELPHI.-.. Sole Proortr+tor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, at 7, THE TRAGEDY QUEEN : Mrs. At 8, the New Drama of LEAH : Bth wee of Miss Bate man, supported by Messrs.A.rthur Stirling, R. Phillips, Bil lington, Stuart, Stephenson, Eburne; Miss H. Simms, and Mrs. Billington. To conclude wi , h THE IRISH TIGER : Miss K. Kelly and Mr. btephenson. ROYAL STRAW]) THEATRE. Manager, Mr. W. IL Swanborough. THIS EVENING, MIRIAM'S CRIME. Messrs. Geo. Honey, Parselle, Belford, Turner, Miss K. Saville, and Miss Manners. ' Followed by (9th time) PATIENT PENELOPE • or, The R e turn of Ulysses. Messrs. honey and Fenton ; Mesdames wanborough and Simpson. After which, Mr N.6 - cv PLACE. Mr. A. Wood. Commence at 7. R OYAL SADLER'S-WELLS THEATRE. Manageress, Miss Marriott. THIS EVENING, the successful new Play, by Westland Maxston, Esq., totaled PURE GoLD : Messrs. E. Phelps, H. Marston, D. H. Jones, W. D. Gresham, S. Perfitt ; ➢Liss blandlebert, Mrs. B. White, and Miss Marriott. To conclude w,th THE BRIGAND : Mr. D. H. Jones, Miss Mandlebert. Box-office open from 11 to 4. T" THTRD EDITION OF " THE SUN," Containing the Litest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, Dan be had Every _Evching of G. R. GL NEWSAGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Ims DAL—Morning, Oh. 52m.—Afternoon, 7h. 18m. Vo-monatow.-Morning, 7h. 44m.—Afternoon, Bh. 15w. The Weather—Sun Office, Dec. 3, 1863. THERMOMETER. This day at Two o'clock Barometer-29.30. Wind—S.-W. ; blowing a strong gale. t - 131 SUIT mitous accident of this kind. The crossroads, and the many mischances more or less significant of which they are the occasion, demand the attentive consideration of the railway authorities. At the same time the discipline maintained with every subordinate connected with the line should be as strict as that preserved of old with the Roman soldiers. Such considerations must not be lost sight of by the railway " powers that be," now, at the moment of their great !and successful enterprise. On their success we may cordially congratulate both the enterprising originators and the promoters of the new London lines, and the public, whose convenience will be so materially en enhanced by these improvements. Dr. DARWIN might, indeed, consider himself a true prophet could he now behold "the flying car" impelled across Hungerford Bridge by the might of that " unrivalled steam" whose marvellous achievements he so wonderfully foretold. TIIE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 3, 1863. man be carried on without their voice being raised in protest or their energies exerted in its uprooting. These are the real friends, and the kindest bene factors to their race, and it is to be regretted that such are so few. One of the distinctive marks of a highly civilised community is the value placed on education. Long after the rough and illiterate manners of a young state have died out and the love of war in its rulers few has become changed i n t o t h e sc i ence of Government, there is divides usually the a lon g r memberslapse ofthe privileged during which agreat gulf eat classes from the ranks below them. It is thought enough if the very rudiments of education are con fined to the better sort of people, and the masses have commonly not even the desire to learn. Book learning, as it is scornfully termed, is looked upon with much the same disfavour as the good old Earl DOUGLAS expressed when he felicitated himself en the fact that only one son of his "could pen a In countries where the principles of constitutional government have not been established, there is very often a feeling on the part of the rulers that it is safer for the people not to be too learned, that the less they trouble their heads about such matters the more submissive and quiet they are likely to be. This ides,like many others, is both right and wrong. There is no force so unmanageable or dangerous as an ignorant mob when once its passions are fully roused, and it is urged on by wily and designing leaders. On the other hand a superior mental training, while it renders men amenable to all just laws and disposed to support law and social order for their ownsakes, makes them unwilling to submit to tyrannical and unjust measures, and qualifies them for offering that firm and prolonged resistance to despotism which has so often fought the battle of our English liberties. The difference has been admirably summed up by one who has been one of the great pioneers of popular education in our own day. " Education," says Lord BROUGHAM, "makes men easy to lead, but difficult to drive; easy to govern, but impossible to enslave." It is, therefore, a favourable sign of the times that in most parts of Europe great efforts are being made for the extension of popular know ledge. In parts of the Continent, indeed, education is in some degree compulsory; but such a system is contrary to the spirit of English rule. All that is done among us must be based on the voluntary principle; the people themselves must wish for the blessing before they can be made to receive it. At first sight the application of this principle to the case in point might seem of rather doubtful result, however admirable it may be in other matters. Ignorant persons are by no means the most likely to appreciate the blessings of knowledge. There are few children who would not prefer a game at play to their school-books, and in later years the disposition to learn, uncultivated in childhood, grows still less. By the time the untaught child has reached man's or woman's estate, not only has he lost the little aptitude he possessed for acquiring didactic information, but he has begun to think he can do very well without it, and to look with some thing like contempt on those who talk much about the advantages of education. But, notwith standing all difficulties, the principle, sound in theory, works well in practice, and, thanks to the encouragement and facilities now offered on all sides, there is no lack of students to come forward not only from the idle and untrained, but from the desk, the workshop, the manufactory. At a meeting recently held in Hertford with the object of distributing the prizes and certificates gained by the successful competitors at the late examination of the local board, in connection with the Society of Arts, the Right Hon. W. COWPER, M.P., delivered an address on this subject. He ob• served, in commenting on the occasion that had brought them together, that it was impossible to help those who would not help themselves, and that it was, consequently, a source of gratification that so many young men availed themselves of the op portunities offered to them by the Society of Arts and other institutions. He said very truly that the certificates obtained by the successful students would be doubly valuable to them ; they were not only proofs of their abilities and information, but they were testimonials to the steadiness, self-control, and perseverance which had enabled them when their day's work was over resolutely to turn aside from the amusements of their age to cultivate their minds and pursue their studies: Knowledge thus acquired is not easily forgotten, and the very effort made to apply the mind to such objects, is in itself a species of mental training. According to the recently de veloped theory, that as much may be learned by chil dren in three days a week as in six, it would not be surprising to find that many of these young students who probably lament the impediments in their way, have learned more, and in a surer fashion, than a large proportion of our college students. The highest prize given by the Society of Arts has been won by a clerk in a London office, and we may be sure that such a distinction has not been won without long hours of tedious and unwelcome labour. " A certificate," said Mr. COWPER, " bearing such testimony to the patience, the industry, and the self-control of those young men must have great weight with all those who are seeking to employ persons of their character, and will be to them as good as the title deeds of an estate, for they are title deeds of those mental and moral qualities which it is a blessing to them to be able to show." The future opening before a young man of such a character, possessed of sound faculties properly cultivated, is truly a very wide one. Industry, knowledge, and resolution are the chief steps in the upward ladder to fame and fortune, and many a self-taught man has climbed to the very top. The future of our country, as Mr. COWPER justly observed, rests mainly in the hands of the middle classes, and the best security we have for the maintenance of our public rights is to be found in their mental and moral training. The lessons of history serve to point the moral of the scenes going on around us ; the teachings of science are in every way valuable, the love of aTt and literature is a refining and ele vating influence that brings countless blessings in its train. Such advantages are now, thanks to the efforts of the wise and good, placed within reach of all classes, and we trust the youth of England will , never fail to do honour to the adoption of the volun tary system in education, as in all other spheres of our social and political existence. LATEST IMELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) M. FOULD'S FINANCIAL STATEMENT. PARIS, DF.C. 3. M. ncialstatem en t h as b een pu bli s h e d today. d states aa that the total amount of the oul It 's fi deficit is 972,000,000 francs. It is neeeessary to consolidate part of the floating debt. The produce of a loan will be employed to redeem the Treasury Bonds, and will put in circulation an amount corresponding to that which it will demand. M. Fould proposes to the Emperor to fix the amount of the loon at 300 million francs. The expenses in Mexico will amount to 210 million francs at the end of 1863. M. Fould says " It was hoped that a Mexican loan would lead to the repayment of our advances. But notwith standing the confidence we have of seeing a regular Government reestablished in Mexico at no distant future, we must not allow the security of our finances to depend upon the liquidation of the debt of Mexico to France. "We hope and when, by the reduction of the improvement in the receipts, it will be possils l e to resum e th e operat i on o f t h e expenses fora an dap Sinking Fund. " If in the future the equilibrium of the Budget be maintained, if the generous efforts of the peace and th e S tate prosper, our to reduce the taxes and E fin m a p n e c r e o s r w a i s ll su p r e e rmit ui realise the wishes of his 11 Injesty." The Nation lately published the project of a Con stitution, which, it is stated, had been submitted by Prince Couza to Great Powers. This intelligence has been officially contradicted. THE PRINCIPALITIES. BUCHAREST, DEC. 2. The members elected to form the Committee on the Address all belong to the Opposition. SPAIN AND MOROCCO. MADRID, Nov. 29. The Gazette of to-day publishes a short account of the events which led to the complaints of the Spanish Government to the Salim of Morocco against the Riffs and the mission of Senor Merry to Melilla. The Spanish Government insisted that, in order to effect the fulfil ment of the boundary treaty concluded between u A p b o b n a s t h t eo inhe e l h t t a— en t t s h , e hi ifluence of thi s P r i nce s n the two count r i es , th e Sultan should se n d M u l ey position and thorough knowledge of the engagements entered into with Spain by his sovere i gn , pointing him out as t h e fittest person to reconcile adverse interests. This proposal of Spain was favourably received, and a sufficient number of Moorish troops was col lected to accompany Muley Abbas, and ensure the fulfilment of his mission. The Sultan further delivered to Muley Abbas the amount ne cessary to indemnify the indigenous pro prietors of the territory ceded to Spain. These preliminaries affected, Muley Abbas pro ceeded to the neighbourhood of Melilla—Senor Merry, resident Spanish Minister in Morocco, having also gone to Melilla, in order to discuss and arrange with the Caliph all the difficulties that might arise. Muley Abbas and Signor Merry finally agreed upon, and signed the following treaty on the 14th November, 1863. 1. Stakes will be placed at the points specified by the Spanish and Moorish engineers in the In ternational Act, concluded in 1862, in fulfilment of Art. 2 of the Convention of 1859, confirmed by Art. 5 of the treaty of peace of Tetuan. Those who may remove or destroy these stakes will be severely punished, and the stake so de stroyed will be replaced by the Baja of the Riff, in presence of the Governor of Melilla, or his deputy. 2. The Sultan of Moroeco having resolved to in demnify those of his subjects who hold property within the territory ceded to Spain, his Majesty, in order to effeet the delivery of the said territory to the Queen of Spain, to whom they belong in full dominion and sovereignty, has stipulated that all those of his subjects who may be in this case shall quit the Spanish territory and abandon their property which will become the property of the Spanish na tion. The said Moorish subjects will be imme diately expelled from the Spanish territory. The Spanish authorities of Melilla will not allow them under any pretext to re-occupy these properties, since this might give rise to disturbances on the frontier. On this point matters will remain at Melilla in the same state as at Ceuta. 3. In order to avoid the questions which would be raised by the entry of Moors from the camp to visit the mosque within the boundary, in the place named Santiago, the said mosque will be destroyed, and the trees surrounding it ' levelled with the ground. The destruction of the mosque and clear ance of the adjacent ground will be effected by the Moorish troops and the members of th e t r ib e s. 4. Moorish subjects will not be allowed on any account to enter armed into the Spanish territory bordering Melilla. The Spanish Minister declares that he who may contravene the regulation after the present treaty comes into execution will lose his arms, which will remain in possession of the Spanish authorities. From the intelligence forwarded by Senor Merry, it results that on the day of the signa ture of the treaty, Art. 2 was fulfilled by the expulsion of the Riffs by the Moorish troops from the land comprised within the present limits of the place, a measure which was confirmed the same day, the troops preventing the holding of the usual fair on this land. In the same manner on the 16 th November the placing of the stakes were effected on the frontier line in conformity with Art. 1 in presence of the persons deputed by the two countries. Finally, on Nov. 19, was executed Art. 3, the troops destroyiug the mosque mentioned in this article, and levelling the trees as the Riffs had done with their houses before abandoning their homes. In view of this result, which corresponded with the expectations of the Queen's government from the loyal procedure of the Sultan's Government and the sending of the Caliph Muley Abbas to Melilla, the Spanish Minister using the authority in him, and yielding to the reiterated request of the Prince, did not hesitate to pardon in the name of the Queen of Spain, and to deliver to the Moorish troops the RiLS confined in Melilla in consequence of the late events as hostages or supposed criminals. MEXICO, PARIS, Dec. 2. Advices received here from Mexico gate that the movement for the concentration of the troops, in view of approaching operations in the interior, commenced on the 15th Oct., and lasted until the 24th. The Commander-in-Chief, however, had no intention of assuming the offensiv e un til the be ginning of November. The command of Mexico city was to be entrusted to Gen. Neigre, with 3,500 men of all arms. The approaches and defences of the capital have been fortified, so as to render it easy to be held by a small number of troops. Works of defence between Mexico and Vera Cruz bad been executed at Catubrone to protect communications with the seaboard and cover the rail ways. Jalapa was occupied on the 23d October by 2,200 allies, under the Mexican General Liceaga, who was at the same time to hold Perote and Puente Nacimal. The health of the troops continued excellent upon the high plateaux. __ _. Perfect order prevails at Vera Cruz. The yellow fever had almost entirely disappeared in the city, as well as in the Tierra Caliente. The arrival of a convoy of convalescent men, which left Mexico on the 21st October was expected. The climate of France being requisite for their complete recovery, they were to be embarked on board one of the transports leaving Vera Cruz for Europe. TOUCHING THE RUSSELL RESIGNATION.—We knew it was all nonsense. A Whig is like the Old French Guard—he dies, but never surrrenders.—Punch. THE EARL OF ELGIN. We understand that telegraphic news is expected in London from India by the members of the family in the course of to•morrow (Friday), wheu the result of the noble Earl's serious illness will be learned.—Post. PISCICULTURE IN IRELAND.—As showing what can be done in fish breeding, when it is properly gone about, we may state that the extent of new water taken in by the Messrs. Ashworth, in the district of Loughs Mask and Cerra, comprise an area 30 miles in length by 10 in width. Ina communication with which we have been favoured by Mr. Ashworth, we are told that as many as 6 9,000 salmon -ova were collected, impregnated, and trans ported for the purpose of stocking the new salmon-water— that is to say, the waters that communicate with Loughs A1. , 81c and Carrel, the purest stream's of the rivers at Tour makeady, Robe River at Hollymount and other streams. These loughs will speedily become highly productive. Salmon being once introduced into a good stream, and properly protected, will go on propagating themselves ad infinitum.—Once a Week, FRANCE. BOTJRSE, Dec. 2.—The market has been without animation, and prices show a slight decline, Threes for the Account being now at 67f. Mobilier are also lower. Railway market firm, and some of the lines show a slight improvement. The Market left off as follows:—• 41 per Cente .. 94 35 Do. end month.... 3 per Conte Do. end month 66 95 Credit Mobilier 1022 50 Do. end month 1017 50 Bank Shares 3360 Credit k ander 1240 Roman Italian Loan 7l 80 Do. end month 7l 95 New ditto 7l Do. end month — Russian Austrian Spanish Threes 52 Home 'Debt Deferred BA IL 'AT% Cash. Account. 965 .. 962 50 962 50 .. 960 Orleans Northern • • • • New ditto Lyons and hiediterrtinean 912 50 .. 915 New ditto .. 880 Genova.. 49S 75 .. 500 Southern Western Eastern Sardinian Austrian Lombard North of Spain Saragossa 6lO 605 Ditto to Barcelona THE CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS, SOUTHAMPTON, Dec. 2. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steam ship Poonah, Captain Field, with the heavy portion of the above mails, arrived this morning. She brings 48 passengers, seven packages specie, value £2,600; also a general cargo, including 2,400 bales raw silk, value 1:200,000. The Poonah left Alexandria on the 19th ult. On the 21st she spoke the barque Heroine ; 23d, the s.s. Gladiator, s.s. Euxine, and barque Prineess ; 25th, a Swedish frigate, name unknown; and on the 29th, the e.s. Delta, with the outward mails of the 27th. Her Majesty's ships Gibraltar, Ph cebe, Icarus, Foxhound, Caradoc, Medina, and Hibernia were at Malta ; and at Gibraltar, the s.s. Valetta, Euxine, Iberia, and her Majesty's ship Procris. Her Majesty's Screw corvette Racoon left Cadiz on the 23d for Tangier. The Spanish sceamer Cubans, with troops for Havana, left Cadiz on the 24th. The American qurvette St. Luis was at anchor in Tangier Bay on the 25th. The French war steamer Talisman left Cadiz on the 20th, to rejoin the French experimental squa dron of ironelads on the coast of Teneriffe. The building of ships of war in the various arsenals of Spain is carried on as fast as possible, There are now in course of building three screw frigates, each to carry 50 guns, four armour-clad ships, and three screw ships. GIBRALTAR, Nov. 27.—The Spanish papers an nounce the complete and satisfactory settlement of the Melilla boundary question. Prince Muley Abbas has succeeded in quietly removing the Rif. flans from the district ceded by the Sultan to Spain, wisely making use of the Sultan's coin instead of his cavalry. He was engaged three days in paying the indemnity to the owners of the vacated lands, and then destroying all their dwellings and a Moorish mosque situated in the ceded lands; he superintended the making out of the new limits and placing landmarks at the seventeen stations in which they had been fixed in the month of June last, and from which the Rifains had removed them. The Melilla question may thus be considered settled, at least for the present. The news from Tangier says that the Saffi affair has been followed by other cases' of harsh treat ment. It is alleged that two Jews, who had a trivial quarrel with the Moorish groom of the Spanish consul, were severely flogged on the de mand of the consul. Exchange on London, 90 days' date, is 491 to 50; Paris, sf. 25c.; Marseilles, sf. 26c.; G e noa, M ' . 29c. • Madrid, 8 days' sight, / prem.; Cadiz, par to / dia.; Seville, / dis. ; Malaga, par ; Beane. lona, / prem.; Almeira, par ; Valencia, par to prem.; Alicant, par. Freights without alteration. ACCIDENTS FROM FlRE.—Between seven and eight o'clock last night loud cries of " Fire," and " Help," were heard proceeding from No. 3, Princes-street, Lambeth, the basement story of which was found to be on fire. In the course of a few minutes the engine of the parish, Hedge's distillery, and the London Brigade from Waterloo and Southwark• bridge roads attended. The flames, ho cvever, had previously to the arrival of the engines been extinguished, but it was found that John Conelly, aged 66, and Margaret, his wife, aged 60, were so seriously burnt that they h id to be removed to the hospital, where they remain without the least hopes of recovery. About the same time an alarm was raised that a fire bad broken out in Willow-court, Union-street, Borough; The firemen of the London Brigade quickly repaired from Southwark -bridge-road station to the court referred to, where they found a girl named Sarah Fry with her clothes on fire. The firemen extinguished the flames, and Mr. Baynes, a surgeon, attended the girl, but so serious were the burns she had received that the surgeon advised her immediate removal to the hospital. It is not known how her clothes caught fire. USEFUL SOLDIERS.—Ia the French army every recruit is supposed to know a trade an joining the army. If he has not yet learnt a trade, he is taught some occupation after joining his corps. Should he be ignorant of reading and writing —or, knowing these, should he wish to improve his education so as to qualify himself for pro motion—he goes to the regimental school for four hours every day when he is not on guard or on fatigue duty, Once his schooling is over, he is put to work at some trade or han dicraft ; or, should he not know one, he is put to learn one. In every French regiment there are regular gangs of butchers bakers, cooks, carpenters, masons, gardeners, builders, labourers, cart-drivers, watchmakers, silversmiths, tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, and what not. All these trades or handicrafts are under their regular head men, and every soldier when he can work, may, and does gain a certain sum per day, by working in the shop of his trade. In Algeria, the whole of the Government work is done by these military artisans, who, as well as the State, are gainers thereby. The men thus earn extra pay, and the Government get work done better and cheaper than they could do by employing the people of the country ; besides treasuring up the vast advantage of always having a corps of workmen at com mand. The system of regular organised workmen is the true secret why the French army get on so well when on service. In the English army we have nothing of the kind, excepts as regards the tailors and shoemaker s, and (in cavalry regiments) the saddlers and farriers. There are many good workmen who enter our ranks, but through want of practice they soon forget what they knew. In Algiers, I have seen a whole pile of barracks, large enough to contain three thousand men, that was built entirely by a regiment of the line, from the digging of the foundations to the making of glass for the barrack windows, and not a day's drill or mancouvring had been neglected while the work was going on. Throughout Algeria, miles upon miles of excellent public roads have been made entirely by the troops : the men being paid a small additional sum by the state while so employed. Thus the government gained by getting their work better and very much cheaper done than could have been effected by private coutracto : s, while the troops gained a very comfortable addition to the regular pay.—Dickens' " All the Year Round." s THE mints. John Smith—plain John Smith—is not very high sounding ; it does not suggest aristocracy; it is not the name of any hero iu dieaway novels; and yet it is good, strong, and honest. Transferred to other languages it seems to climb the ladder of respecta bility. Thus—in Latin it is Johannes Smithus ; the Italian smooths it off into Giovanni Smithi ; the Spaniards render it Juan Smithus ; the Dutchman adopts it as Hans Schmidt; the French flatten it into Jean Smeets; and the Russian sneezes and barks Jonloff Smittowski. When John Smith gets into the tea bade at Canton, he becomes Jahon Shimmit ; if he clambers about Mount Recta, the Icelanders say he is Jahne Smithson; if he trades among the Tusca roras, he becomes Tom Qa Smittia ; in Poland he is known as Ivan Schmittiweiski; should he wander among the Welsh mountains, they talk of Jihom S chmidd ; when he goes to Mexico, he is booked as Jontli F'Smitri ; if of classic turn, he lingers among Greek ruins, he turns to 'lon Sinikton ; and, in Turkey, be is utterly disguised afi Yce Seef, LITERATURE. London People. Sketched from Life. By Charles Bennett. One Vol., pp. 143. Smith, Elder, and Co. About the only thing really worthy of Charles Ben nett in the whole of this entertaining volume is the tailpiece. The whimsical humour of it, is delight ful. Poor " Goosey," with his body buttoned up in a waistcoat, and a comic mask tied on to his beak, is being chaired, in a hopeless state of stupidity as to his destination (evidently the spit !)—a couple of horrible old foxes, sniggering, each of them, on the sly, in his sleeve, acting as the chairmen fore and aft ! As supporters for the chair, as poles for the chair men, we have crayons and—goosequills. The fan tastic mingling of fun and sarcasm in every line and dot of this little tail-piece—again we say it—we can alone in the whole book regard as really and truly worthy of Charles Bennett. We speak thus, becausi we recognise in this quaint artist an extraordinary power of humour. Some among his earlier works are, in their way, to our thinking, quite inimitable. There was a child's alphabet for example, after this fashion for instance in regard to one of the chance-selected letters of it— "P was a Parrot, a prosy old man, You'll be glad to get rid of as soon as you can," and so on, through the whole alphabet delec tably humorous throughout. There was another work of his, afterwards, of larger pretensions that was equally good after its fashion. The artist, Charles Bennett, in effect has long since be come, for us, as the very 2Esop of the Pencil. But, here, in his new volume of sketches, we fail altogether to recognise him as at his best. As a collection of comic drawings, though the book is clever enough in its way, in some portions of it, in deed, being highly meritorious, it is in no degree,' as a whole, in any manner worthy of him—saving and excepting alone, as we have said, in the matter of that little grotesque drollery of the tail-piece. All the rest of the book is of the streets streety— quite as unmistakeably as Young Dorrit was. These London People have been sketched, as the title-page tells us, from the life. And, looking at them, we perceive at once that the asser tion may be taken literally. But, grant ing that, we are constrained to add that they are one and all of them not worth the sketch ing. Any forms and features more plain, ugly, vulgar, nasty some of them, some even positively revolting in expression, we certainly would not wish to see, as the phrase is, upon a summer's day. No, nor on a winter's one either. In the law courts at Westminster; among the market stalls of Covent garden ; at the play, in boxes, pit, and gallery ; in the square, in the train, up a court—we had almost said, up a tree—here they all are, these horrid London People, of both sexes, of all ages, of every condition of life almost, that is, among the middle and the lower classes. But, turning over the pages wearily, and with a sense of anything bat gratification, we wish, firstly, that they had not been pencilled off at all, and secondly, that if they must needs have been sketched, they might not at least have been sketched with such distressing truth fulness. The Cheap Swell in the train ; old Sally in the market, or, let us say, for the sake of the old rhyme, in the alley; Pegler the Publican; that gluttonous old Consumer, who is so visibly masti cating the strawberry, with a relish that is quite horrible to look at; the little gent, goggle-eyed and open-mouthed in his horror at the melodrama (it should have been entitled " melodramer" underneath)—not one pleasurable sensation can be got out of any single sketch amongst them. The letterpress accompanying (and for that matter explaining) the engravings, is light and readable enough to be sure—so that we get through the book so far agreeably, thanks to the pleasantry of tone with which the papers, most of them, are penned by the artist, and some of them by his friend, Mr. John Holliugshead. Yet, as a whole, we must confess that the work has disappointed us—our expectations being naturally awakened in its favour by the mere circumstance of these sketches (from the life) of London People being from the hand of Mr. Charles Bennett. We had our fears, in their regard, when we glanced at them at intervals, during the time of their piecemeal publi cation in the popular pages of the Cornhill Maga zine. But now that they are collected together in a volume, our first impression in their regard is only confirmed. We close the book, however reluctantly, with an unwelcome sense of the disappointment it has afforded us, yet consoling ourselves, while we BO do, for that general disappointment, by taking another peep at, and having another laugh over, the extraordinary comicality of that wretched goose and at those rascally foxes, touched off, if not from the life, certainly to the life r by Charles Bennett. Ancient Christmas Carol Harmonised for Four Voices, by E. Fagan. Lam- bert and Co. We are tempted to call this charming re-arrange ment of a noble old Christmas Carol, of the Christ mas Carol par excellence, the most seasonable publi cation of the day. When we say the Christmas Carol, we mean, of course, in verse : Charles Dickens's prose Carol being to cur mind just simply matchless, one of those darling little masterpieces of literature dear to the hearts of us all—one to be put on the same shelf (easily within reach) side by side with " Paul and Virginia" and the " Vicar of Wakefield," and to be put there, on that beloved shelf, either in the very centre of it, or as book A No. 1. Yet even there in the immortal " Christmas Carol in Prose by Charles Dickens," who does not remember the mention made, almost at the very commencement of the narrative, the mention there made of this Christmas Carol in Verse, this very ancient and well known song for Christmas time beginning — "God rest you merry gentlemen, Let nothing you dismay"— when the little frost-nipped urchin peering through the keyhole of Scrooge's office, down the City court, in the yellow December fog, is scared away at the very commencement of his shrill chaunt by the sudden flourishing up of the ruler in the grasp of that old curmudgeon (as he was then) Ebenezer? Here is this old, old Christmas Carol in its entirety, every word of it—harmonised very beauti fully for four voices by the accomplished organist of the Spanish Embassy, Mr. E. Fagan. Here is the old, old Carol precisely as it was sung (as the title-page informs us) " with great applause,,by the Orpheus Glee Union before her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen." Having mentioned which, having indicated what this " Ancient Christmas Carol" is in words, and who it is whose hand has harmonised the melody traditionally coupled with those words, e melody also of very great antiquity, may we not reasonably insist upon it that we are justified in speaking of the publication before us as in every respect most seasonable ? PROFESSOR FERRIER, in the forthcoming -volume of Wilson's " Noctes Ambrosianm," is going to publish the famous Chaldee Manuscript, which did so much to set up _Blackwood's Magazine, and concerning which Mr. Ferrier supplies this interesting information :—" This trenchant satire on men and things in the metropolis of Scotland was published in the seventh number of Black wood's Magazine. It excited the most indescribable com motion at the time so much noise, indeed, that never since has it been permitted to make any noise whatever, this pr its A - mising babe having been pit i less l y suppressed a hnost in cradle, in consequence of threa t en ed legal proc eedings. set of the magazine containing it is now rarely to be met with. The authorship of this composition has of havk. been alway g s a subject of doubt. Hogg use d to c l a i m the credit written it. I have recently ascertained that to him the ori ginal conception of the Chaldee MS. is due, and also that he was the author of the first thirty-seven verses of Chap. I and of one or two sentences besides. So that, out of the one hundred and eighty verses of which the, whole piece consists, about forty aro to be attributed to the Shepherd. Hogg, indeed, wrote and sent to Mr. Blackwood much more of the Chaldee MS. than the forty verses aforesaid, but not more than these were inserted in the magazine, the rest of the production being the workmanship of Wilson and Lock hart. Such is the true and authentic account of the origi L can to an d authorship of the Chaldeed,AelspS; it is republi s h e d w i t h Therele appendix be n little doubt that when this clever jets ann otations (and it may form a very suitable the Noctes Ambrosianaa') the present generation will be as much amused by its pleasantry, and by the singular state of feeling, literary and political , which it reveals, as our fathers were astounded by its audacity, and frightened from their propriety by its personalities." LADY CRAMPTON, or xathor, we should say, Miss Balfe, is, according to rumour, about to return to the stage. X;17:1S"j). art ,Cs«i "°' tlanliat HER MAJESTY. WINDSOR CASTLE, Dec. 2. Their Royal Highnesses the Crown Prince and Princess of Prussia, .Princess Helena, aad Princess Louise, the Countess Honenthal, the Lady Caroline Barrington, Count Furstenstein, and Major von Schvreiniiz dined at Froginore with the Prince and Princess of Wales yesterday. His Royal Highness Prince Leopold went in the evening. The ladies and gentlemen of the Queen's House hold had the honour of being invited to the even ing party. The Queen, accompanied by her Royal High ness Princess Helena, walked and drove in the grounds this morning. Earl Russell had an audience of the Queen. The Prince de la Tour d'Auvergne, Ambassador of France, was presented to the Queen at an audi ence by Earl Russell. Count Roepstorff, Envoy Extraordinary from the King of Denmark, had an audience of her Majesty, and was presented by Earl Russell. M. de Bide, Danish Minister i❑ London, I've ° presented by Earl Russell to the Queen, at an audi ence. His Royal Highness Prince Leopold, attended by Madame Norde, took their usual carriage airing. The Duke of Brabant arrived in London last evenicg. His Royal Highness landed at Dover flora the Belgian steamer in the afternoon, and, after partaking °' luncheon at the Lord Warden Hotel, continued his journey by train. The Duke of Sutherland left Stafford House, St' James's, yesterday, to join the duchess and family at Trent' ham, Staffordshire, where they were to arrive yesierail from Lilleshall, Salop. The Duke of Grafton has arrived in town tram Euston Hall, Suffolk. The Earl and Countess of Yarborough are enter' taining a succession of visitors at Brocklesby, the faniilY seat in Lincolnshire. The Earl and Countess of Dalkeith have joined the circle visiting the Earl and Countess of Derby, Sc Knowsley Hall, Lancashire. Lord Brougham left Paris on Sunday evening for Cannes. In the course of the day his lordship attended th e sitting of the Academy of Sciences. Lard and Lady Cecilia Bingham have arrived $t Knowsley Hall, Lancashire, on a visit to the Earl and Countess of Derby. The Lady Edward Thynne gave birth to f/ daughter on Saturday, the 28th Nov. Her ladyship and the infant are progressing favourably. Lord and Lady Ashburton have been residing a t the Grange, Hants, since July, but have returned to Oa ° continent. Lord Ashburton's health had been mentiiii 6 since, his return home, but during the last few days he 11° not been so well. Yv Sir Henry and Lady Sophia Des Weitz have joined the party visiting the Marquis and Marchioness f Bath, at Longleat, Lady and Miss Hoare have left Thomas's Not el ' Berkeley-square, for Paris, on their way to Italy, where they purpose passing the winter months. Sir Henry Hoare has left Thomas's Hotel, Berke" ley-square, for Charlton, Wiltshire, on a visit to the of Suffolk. Sir Henry and Lady Fletcher have arrived at Farrance's Hotel from Brighton. A marriage wag solemnised on Wednesday/ ° 36 ' 25th ult., in the Catholic church at Coughton/ be tween Mr. Gerald Richard Dease, youngest son of the l llte Mr. Gerald Dease, of Turbotsten, county of Westu3e93l3' and Emily, second daughter of the late Sir Robert Throa' morton, Bart., of Buckland, Berks, and of Coughton. Court, Warwickshire. A large party of the friends of both ferc a ' lies were hospitably entertained at the Court by Sir Wl' Throckmorton, the brother of the bride; and immediately after the breakfast, amid the merry peals of the church be ll 6 the bride and bridegroom started for Aldenham Park, th seat of Sir John D. Acton, Bart., M.P., where they sti ll remain for a few days before going to Ireland. THE ANNAMITE AMBASSADORS.—The Annaro,ste Ambassadors left Valencia on the 23d tilt, on board the Spanish steam-frigate Lepanto. They are to remain some days at Alexandria, in a palace which the Viceroy of Egypt has placed at their disposal, and will finally embark at Suez about the 12th of December onboard the steam transport Japan, which is to convey them to Hue.--.Galir nard. The Convocation of the Prelates and Clergy the Province of Canterbury was yesterday prorogued DL the Jerusalem Chamber, Westminster, by the Vicar.Gener'd' Dr. Travers Twiss, under a commission from his Grace th e Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of all Fno ll.- and Metropolitan, pursuant to the Royal writ, until Thurs day, January 14, 1864. THE NEW ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN.—The very Rev. Dr. Trench,who has been appointed to the arch bishopric of Dublin, will be consecrated shortly a fter Christmas in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin. Th e e , ore i mony will be performed by his Grace the Lord Prica',:ci, all Ireland, assisted by the Right Rev. Dr. Fitzger—c Lord Bishop of Killaloe, Kilfenora, Clonfert, a lad I° l ,,T a r ; dnagh, and the Right Rev. Dr. Gregg, Lord Bishop ° f teJ Cloyne, and Ross. The archbishop nominate has aPP' olleg e ; the Rev. William Lee, D.D., Fellow of Trinity hag Dublin, his examining chaplain. This appo intm set 1,.5b, given great satisfaction, as Dr. Lee is one of t he feNV 0 . 0 e divines who have acquired a reputation in England. 11'11, a sound and zealous Churchman, and auth or of a Il written standard work on the inspiration of Holy Scriptilr-6 Dr. Lee has been chosen to preach Archbishop Vole' consecration sermon. THE CASE OF CAPTAIN STONE.—A commu aic ir tion was received in Liverpool yesterday from t he Board of Trade, in answer to the memorial presente d in favour of a withdrawal of the sentence which had been P S) ; nounced in the case of Captain Stone, whose certificate ova suspended for six months in consequence of the aacident t° the royal mail steamer Africa. The Board refuses tolicitil' draw the sentence, and gives reasons for doing so. MR: EDWARD FOSTER, THE CENTENABL 4I : I ; e d The Mayor of Derby (Mr. T. Roe) has o ce : (a th. 9 following communication in reference to Mr- r resident of Derby, who has recently attained his I°,lB- ear —"10, Downing-street, Nov. 25, 1863.—5ir,--11,„rt to your letter to Lord Palmerston of esterdsY's ef have to inform you that a fortnight ago Lord Palms' Dti°r. to directed that a donation of £6O should be prescut eu Edward Foster out of the Royal Bounty Fund. --I your obedient servant, EVELYN ASHLEY. Thos. Esq., Mayor, Derby." (SW ANILINE BLUE.—Among the several stages . the Reader) which mark the develop ment of thv industry of coal-tar colours, the discovery of the transfor• nold . ! mation of aniline. red into aniline-blue will always prominent position. This transition, for the first time °I ) , served by MM. Girard and De Laire, two young Freutc.'_ chemists of M. Pelouze's Laboratory, and subscquen IY$ matured by MM, Persoz, nJe Laynes, and Salvetat, hs . become the foundation of an enormous industrial proldle. I nn o d , , i s n a i til m is 4 c -nitudo. tion, which, having received a powerful impulse, I more b re y cently Renard Brothers and Franc in France,ountry, h by as i r l a e p ss id rs ly . S a i t al ta p in so e n d , t A o lauic, a niline- blu e is ac- The transformation of aniline-red simplicity, and consists, complished by a process of great t at a high tea. era briefly expressed, in the treatment g of aniline. ,p , 110 iasproportions 1) 1 ic i noh:10:0'mo' earls judifferent 1 . tare of rosaniline with an excess i n th i s m m a a n tt n e e r r ; c t o h n e v t e r n a i n e s t ) l r y r a u s ! nature cl u o r f i 1 accomplishedt g he acids mode of this treatment Rosaniline itself cannot by heating rhs a.-iilie o , rosaniline with salts o t convertedaaniline. teiit u r i saltsntae,. Again, fsn however,ata n o i n i 1 hietne:eai bl uelor, rice versa, bases are combined is by no means without influcince upoil' the result of the operation; manufacturers give .a decide d preference to organic acids, such as acetic or benzoic ac t . : 01. Girard and De Lair; whose names are so intit natal associate d with the development of th e new co l o ur i nd u l: try, have pointed out that the passage from red to b. l ti e tr atten ded by an evolution of t orren t s o f ammon i a ; Lola .„-; Nicholson, who combines th e gen i us o f t h e m anufact ur 'd . with the habits of the s c i en tifi c i nqu i rer , h as aster taivc that the blue colouring matter is invariably a saline c°: pound of a base itself colourless, like rosaniline. B at 1 ;1 1 : relations between the t wo co l our l ess bases, and consec;ilet''l the nature of th e r eac ti on b y w hi c h rosaniline is col S err ir . u into the blue col our l ess ma tt er , had hitherto reuia" ed u m known. HARDLY FAIR PLAY.--We remember, silo 113 : Atheneuna, the case of a " tragedian," now ob e + l3 ,,i from England, who called on his critic, and remo nsir' with him for sternly censuring his Shylock on a nigilt whr the player knew that the critic was not p resent at the formanoe, The man acknowledg ed as much, but it sv :f lucky for you," said he, " that I w as not there, for ha" seen you play, I am sure I shou ld have been ten itlefif; severe as I have been l" The fellow was hamorous, • evidently knew nothing of Sav art's canon of critier " Le flambeau de la critique doit eclairer et non brule• HEAVY GALES.—A gale from the S.S.Wr., jog occasionally t o the W.S.W., broke over t , a metropolis soon after one o'c lock y esterday, and increncil in violence until seven o' clock, when it naoderated 1140 noun, at which time it burs t forth with renewed fury. 1 . 'O4 wind was highest betw een 3 and 4 o'clock, whoa it accompanied by a heavy fall of rain, tor Lie ] XS, Ali( Cris) his fiel( •vhi .£IC priv pent ralli Corp mod nese Gres, Lon shin Gr ei Met b sen Indic Di 1)1, D bit Cons I nctit Fact Di Ban] Atist 1 3rat 4 f3tr Del g t P 1)11 I;ita atah r.. 40 1 ,8( bit