The Sun. — London, England, 1863-09-30 00:00:00

Til 3 CIVII WAR IN AMERICA, (From the. Correspondent of the Times.) NEW YORK, Sept. 18, Tl',e fear of a war with France, arising out of the Mexican question, and the well-known sympathies of t'ne French Emperor with the cause of Southern inexpendenco, lies heavy on the spirit of such Americans as have time to think. Some of the journals eontinue to bluster upon the subject, and to vaunt that "our great country" can not only " whip" the South, but France, England, and Spain —not one down and the other on, after the fashion. of boxers and athletes, but all four at once. The silly braggadocio, however, falls dead upon the popular ear, and most people who condescend to argue the question think, with Mr. Lincoln, that one war is enough at a time, and deprecate any action with regard to the French Government which m i g h t ex. psAlite or cause a collision. But the uneasiness on the subject is great, and the advance of the Federal expedition through Texas to the Rio Grande tends to increase it. Three weeks or even ten days ago the end of the rebellion was generally believed to be close at hand. To-day the beatific vision has changed its colours of light and glory into those of gloom and murkiness; and were the Secretary of. State to renew his promise of pacification at 90 nays, as of old, there is not a mercantile man in New York who would consider it of the slightest value. Nor is the aspect of foreign, affairs altogether plea sant as regards Great Britain. The New York Slanderer and Scarifier may cry out for the imme diate annexation of Canada, and proclaim that irre pressible Yankee genius has invented, or speedily will invent, engines of destruction that will blow the British is).es out of the ocean, or at the very least burn Brighton, Hastings, Portsmouth, Dover, Ramsgate, Margate, Sheerness, and even London, by means of its monster Monitors and invincible ironcle.ds, firing redhot shot and Greek fire into those defenceless towns and cities; but the drivel is either looked upon as clumsy jesting or the proof of dementia. The irritation against England is ex- , twine ; but scarcely any one advocates war at thia moment, except the journal above mentioned and the rowdies, who think the first duty of an Ar a ericam 0 patriot" is to stir up insurrection in Irelnnd, Ame ricanise the institution of Great Britain, and wipe the British Church and aristocracy out of exist ence. A more sensible, and, it must be added, an in finitely more numerous class than these areof opinion that the British Government is really powerless to prevent the building of ironclaiis and other ships for Confederate use in British pees, and that a decorous protest from Mr. Seward would meet with a decorous reply from Lord Russell that would explain the real stateof the laws of Great Britain on the subject, and help to allay the ill-feeling that unhappily prevails. And while such is th e f ore i gn s it ua ti on , the domes tic or military o ne i s no t encourag ing. There are suspicions, not only that Gen. Lee is in a position to force General Meade to accept battle, against the will of the latter, but that the mysterious evacua tion of Chattanooga by General Bragg covers a design the probable fulfilment of - which will bring discomfiture upon the army of General Rosecrans. The obstinate defence of Charleston adds to the popular discouragement, and the feeling grows that that city may be utterly destroyed by Greek fire and guns of long range sweeping over and beyond the defences, but that the defences themselves can never be taken by any force naval or military that the Federals can bring against them. In the midst of this perplexity and discourage ment the President has suddenly thrown what he doubtless intended as a moral bombshell into the community by the suspension throughout his whole dominions of the writ of habeas corpus. The reason may be sought in the admitted failure of the con scription. With all the efforts which the Govern meat and its friends have made that unpopular measure has not produced more than 100,000—some authorities say only 80,000 men—above two-thirds of whom are substitutes, partly Irish, and Germans newly arrived in the country, and, partly veterans of the armies of the Potomac an ,d the Cumberland, whose term of service had expired. It has, there fore, been resolved by the desperate heads that rule at Washington to order a second levy. Whether it shall be for a quarter or half a million, or any intermediate number remains to be decided. As the first conscripfi'm was for 300,000 men, it will follow, if the whole were drawn, that 200,000 per sons have each , paid the Government 300 dols., and thus placed ;he Treasury in possession of the very considerab,le sum of 60,000,000 doffs.—enough to Pay Mr. Stanton's war expenses for 30 days. Another haul, if the people submit to it, as in all probability they will—for civic courage to re sist oppression is a virtue that yet remains to be developed in America—will, perhaps, produce =ore money and fewer men than the last, and 'Prevent to the extent of so many millions the inflation of the currency, which it is Mr. Chase's misfortune as a financier to deprecate while he pro duces, and to loathe while he embraces. But as it is possible that a second draught, coming so speedily on the heels of the first, may create opposition snore serious than the Government has yet ex perienced, Mr. Lincoln has been persuaded to annul the law and the constitution, and to suspend over the whole country the operation of the writ of habeas corpus. His proclamation to that effect was published the day before yesterday. Incredible as it may seem in Europe, and especially in England, where the writ of habeas corpus is considered as the main pillar of the constitution, to lay violent hands upon which is a crime next to sacrilege in the esti mation of a liberty-loving people, Mr. Lincoln's coup d'etat has excited but little attention. The Abolitionists, who called upon God to bless Abra ham Lincoln for setting the blackmen free by pro clamation, call upon God to bless him for enslaving white men also by proclamation ; while the Demo crats utter a faint protest against this final act of usurpation, by which Mr. Lincoln has gathered into his own hands greater powers than were ever wielded by a man of British birth, descent, and lan guage since the days of Henry VIII. One fearless Paper, the 24'eto York Daily News, which alone of all the press of America has the courage to advocate P ea ce, even at the price of the recognition of Southern independence, parodies the Abolitionist prayer that God will indeed bless Abraham Lincoln I —bless ki te 'with intellect, which he does not pos sess ; with honesty, which he does not exhibit ; and with a tr tie a ppreciation of the dangers of the course into which bl • a reckless hands are driving the country, of which he does not seem to have even the faintest glimmer of an idea. The public takes the matter, verylcoo ll y--so coolly as to justify the sus picion that it really does not understand what the writ of habeas corpu s means, and has never beard of the struggles by which its blessings were wrested hands of despoti c from the power by the brave people of England, or that it is a ° slow to move on any love, of the d . spur except the r or an insult to the :flag, or so demora lised by the'war and th e ev il pas sions it has engendered as to c ote nothing about a matter so unimportant as its own lib erty. In the constitution of the United States—a document which - few of the Northern people, except lawyers, news paperwhich the editors, and professional politicians, take the trouble to study, and of the provisions of . . writ of h a b eas masses are profoundly ignorant—thelt is spoken e t corpus, is only once mentioned. as a privilege, not as a right—a designation to which Mr. Lincoln has scrupulously adhered in his proclama. tics. He thrice calls it a privilege, which he is authorised by the Constitution, as well as by the Act of Congress of the 3d March last, to suspend, when ever in the case o f re b ellion or invasion t h e pu blic safety may seem to him to require it. Though the original framers of the Constitution were content to consider the habeas corpus as a privilege only, the fourth, fifth, and sixth of the 12 amendments ap pended to that document, and of equal validity with the text, state that the " right of the people to be eecure in their persons, houses, plper., and eff?cts against unreasonable searches and aeizures shall not be violated ; that no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and that in all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an im partial jury of the State end district wherein the crime shall have been committed." But whether it be a right—sacred as t he ri g ht to life —o r a privi lege like that accorded by the State to a b an k m or other corpe cm) a privilege which the State may withhold as well as grant, it has been swept away by a stroke of Mr. Lincoln's pen, and the countersignature of William Henry Seward. At this moment the whole north, east, and west are under the operation of martial law. Any person whom a military officer may believe—or assert—to be a spy, a deserter, or an aider or abetter of the enemy may be seized in his home, and imprisoned as long as Mr. Lincoln or any of his Ministers pleases. No civil judge shall have the right or the privilege of inquiring into the case unless Mr. Lincoln pleases, and it shall be the duty of no jury to decide whether the Suspicion on which the arrest was made was well or ill-founded, or whether the malice of a personal enemy, and not the act of the citizen himself, were the reason:ot his incarceration. In a time of foreign war the crime of " aiding and abetting the enemy" may be easily defined, but amid the complicated miseries of a civil war such aiding and abetting admit of an elasticity of interpretation that may place the in dulgence of the commonest sentiments of affection and humanity at the mercy of the military power, and convert a once free and happy country into a pandemonium of tyranny. And no less remarkable than the stolid apathy, if not the positive approval, with which the measure has been received is the time selected by Mr. Lin coln for its infliction. The profoundest tranquillity prevails throughout the North. The anti-conscrip tion party has been bought off by enormous bribery on the part of the municipalists. There is not the slightest reason to believe in the existence of any plots for the disturbance of public order. The men who ought, from their social position and character, to direct public opinion are all engaged in money making, and care for nothing else. The professional politicians of both sides are discredited. They are not only adventurers and schemers, and men with out principle, but they distract the attention of wiselan.d thrifty men from the it almighty dollar," from Stook operations, from contracts with the Government for the supply of leaky ships, of aged and infirm horses, of mouldy hay, of shoddy cloth ing, and of boots that wear out in a day's march. Nobudy has any time, and few have any inclination for intermeddling in public affairs, and enacting in this hour of national peril the unremonerative part of Hampdens ,and Pyms. An atmosphere of the grossest sensuality and corruption pervades society ; so gross that even the " rowdies " of the street ap pear to be pure-minded and patriotic citizens when compared with the base commercial classes who flourish upon the expenditure of the war. So little do they care for liberty that they are not only wil ling, but anxious to sacrifice it, if by so doing they can secure the subjugation of the South, and the erection of the North into a huge military des potism, powerful enough to play the leading part in the politics of Christendom. It is not only the des cendants of Irish, Germans, Hungarians, and other Europeans who have immigrated. into the country within the last quarter or half a century, who feel and think in this manner, but the Americans them selves—the descendants of the original colonists— the Quakers, the Independents, and the Pilgrim Fathers—who have allowed the Vestal fire of liberty to be extinguished in their hearts, and who kneel down in the mire to supplicate Mr. Lincoln to rule over them without embarrassing himself or them with such idle forms and obsolete guarantees as were thought necessary to national happiness by those antiquated pedants George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, Daniel Carroll, Patrick Henry, and Benjamin Franklin. Why Mr. Lincoln should have taken the trouble and incurred the odium abroad, if not at home, of declaring martial law at a time like this is difficult to discover, unless it be his fear that the new draught may too severely try the temper of this quiescent and easily-satisfied nation, and that the camel's back will not bear many more feathers. That this is the real explication of an otherwise in comprehensible policy would seem to be confirmed by the utter failure of all the attempts of the Re publican and Abolition press to justify the measure on the ground of its present necessity. They state that the action of the courts in granting writs of habeas corpus prevents the Government from pro curing the soldiers that it needs ; but, as the courts have granted no such writs except on the application of the parents of boys of sixteen or seventeen, who have enlisted for the sake of the bounty money, without the consent of their natural protectors; of the wives of men who volunteered in fits of drunkenness, and when sober repented of their act ; and of aliens, able to prove their alienage, who have been draughted into the army, contrary alike to national and to interna tional law, there does not seem to be any necessity for resorting to so sweeping a measure in order to kidnap so small a proportion either of willing boys or unwilling men. Sensible people do not kill mos quitos with swords, or burn do wa a city to roast a pig; and even Mr. Lincoln is not likely to have re sorted to a measure so mighty for a cause so trivial. To overawe the voters of Ohio, and make the ballots given for Mr. Vallandigham a military offence; to earry on all future elections under the auspices of the bayonet; and to procure by fear the levies which the Government cannot procure by love—such are probably the secret motives of a measure which makes the subjugation of the North anterior in point of time to the wished-for subjugation of the South. The two circumstances may have no connection, but it is suggestive and curious, to say the least, that the suspension of the habeas corpus and the shutting up of Fort Lafayette for repair and enlarge ment have been simultaneous. The 60 prisoners in that celebrated sea dungeon have been transferred temporarily to Fort Warren, in th© harbour of Boston, and a large squad of masons, brick layers, and carpenters have taken posses sion of the fort. Some persons assert that the probability of a visit from one or both of the iron-clad rams supposed to be building in Mr. Laird's yard at Birkenhead for the Confederate Government, or the outbreak of a war with France for contempt of the great Monroe doctrine, has determined the Government to put the harbour of New York into a proper state of defence, while others are of opinion that the enlargement and re. pair of Fort Lafayette will servo the double pur pose of harbour defence and the safe detention of three or four times the number of political prisoners which it has hitherto been capable of accommo dating. With a Government that looks so far into the future as that of Mr. Lincoln, and that is us mindful of the necessity of a strong hand at home as of a defiant:attitude abroad, it is probable that the double purpose is the real one, and that Fort Lafa yette will not only mount a greater number of guns of long range and wide calibre than it has ever done before, but that it will be so arranged as to provide lodgings for at least a thousand prisoners, in addi tion to those which it can now entertain. Among many scores or hundreds of men who have rendered themselves conspicuous in their outcry for a vigorous prosecution of the war, and the extermi nation, if need were, of the Southern people, few have been more zealous in the cause than the Rev. Theodore Tilton, who believes that the America of the future is to be an America of mulattoes; Mr. Edward Everett, once Minister to the Court of St. James's, and a candidate for the Presidency ; Mr. Wendell Phillips, the apostle of negrophilism ; and Mr. George Opdyke, Mayor of New York, and con tractor for the supply of army blankets and cloth ing. Of these gentlemen, only one, Mr. Tilton, is of the fighting age. The other three are all above 46, and, therefore, non-liahlo to personal service, tiniest' they choose to shoulder the rifle as volun teers, which not one of them has manifested the slightest inclination to do. Mr. Tilton was draughted in Brooklyn, and some curiosity was expressed amo n g the peace party, though none among the Republicans or War Democrats, to know whether he Would exemplify his doctrine by his life,en eraanlimeeoanasee:ntAitro. Milton m ak e d e id ne no in t keep the t h e Government long in Susp ense, b ut i n a few army of G days appeared before the Pro voat - Marshal, with a stalwart subject of the King of Prussia, who had seen service in his own country, had within a few weeks arrived in this, and had consent e d fora con sideration in greenbacks to be substitute for a " War christian." The substitute was accepted, Mr. Edward Everett has two sons above the age of 18, and both o f them were draughted. Mr. Everett may or may not have tried the power of persuasion. THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 30, 1863. to induce them to grasp the rifle at their country's call, but if he persuaded, his efforts were unsuccess ful, and the paternal purse was lightened to the ex tent of 600 dole., as the sole means of reconciling the Government to the unpatriotic delinquency of these scions of a warlike house. Mr. George Op dyke's son was equally loth to incur the hardships of the battlefield, and without waiting to try the issues of escape, or the plea of physical inability, paid the State money enough to purchase either a Prussian or an Irishman. Mr. Wendell Phillips was in a similar predicament with regard to his son, whom the hard fortune of the conscription had refused to spare. In the case of so thorough going an advocate of the war, whose noble elo quence had so many a time and oft inspirited the bold, encouraged the timid, fired the lukewarm, and aroused the slumberer, it cannot be believed that the golden oratory was silent at the domestic hearth, and that he did not urge his son to respond with enthusiasm to the call of duty in a cause that he of all men must consider to be glorious. But the remonstrance, if made, was in vain. Young Mr. Phillips preferred to serve his country at home and in civil life, and paid his money as readily as if he had not been the son of the man who has done more than any one living to harden against each other the hearts of the Northern and the Southern people. Upon this subject the opinion of so well known and greatly respected an American as Mr. Thurlow Weed are entitled to a bearing. He has nothing as yet to say of Mr. Everett or Mr. Wendell Phillips, but is particularly severe on Messrs. Tilton and Opdyke. "It is to be regretted," he says in an article in the Albany Evening Journal, signed with his initials, " that leading boisterous Abolitionists, who are so free of their abuse of all who differ with them, fail to justify their precepts by their examples. The editor of the Independent, whose zeal for the draught led him to rail at all who questioned its wisdom, when draughted himself, ingloriously shirks from taking his share of duty and danger ! Shame on such a sneak ! Subject by law to military duty, and con stantly pressing others into the field, Mr. Tilton must be craven in spirit, without patriotism, pride, or manhood, to skulk a draught himself, while he is merciless in regard to the mechanic and labourer who is compelled to leave his wife and children. " Still more mortifying, if possible, is the course of Mayor Opdyke, whose draughted son, instead of gallantly stepping forward, as an example to poor men, skulks ! The Mayor is filled with patriot ism at Conventions; he is gorged with Government contracts; he leans heavily upon the Government to make good his profits ; but his son, when draughted, is not strong enough to be a soldier; he is, however, strong enough to hold offices ; but these offices do not expose him to anything but salary and fees. Being a soldier is quite a different thing, Out upon such false pretences, such cheap loyalty, such bogus pat riotism !" SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. NEWMARKET FIRST OCTOBER MEETING. The weather of last week and the heavy rain of Monday morning promised anything but an agreeable four days for the first of the autumn gatherings; but a glorious sunset on Monday evening and a no less glorious uprising on Tuesday morning dispelled " the winter of onr discontent," and prepared the way for an enjoyable week. Speculation at the Rooms on Monday night was of a very limited cha ratter, the Iwo groat Handicaps being scarcely mentioned ; indeed, but few subscribers were present. The Hopeful was rendered interesting by the debut of Yamuna, a dark filly of Lord Stamford, who was forthwith elected to the premiership, Fille de l'Air, owing to her weight, taking second place, though many were of opinion that, as the distance (half a mile) was all in her favour, the extra weight was of secondary importance The fa. vourite, who never got to her horses till balf..wayi up the cords, won, however, after a good race by a head—the French filly finishing three parts of a length from the se cond. It seemed no easy task to pick out the winner from the field of 24 that came to the post for the Great Easkrn Handicap. The top weight, Welland, and Mr. Naylor's Fiancee mere made pretty nearly equal favourites, the former just before the race ad. vancing to 4 to 1; but Sir Joseph Hawley's St. Alexis up set all the calculations of the learned, and landed " the fielders" joyful winners, after a good race by three parts of a length. Hengist also gave them a turn in the Bucken ham, defeating Mr. Merry's Phemy filly by a neck. The Croome Stakes brought out Lord Stamford's Derby favou rite, with wham Durham essayed to try conclusions, but the race was never in doubt, and " Catubuscan bold," who looked and went splendidly, came in an easy winner by two lengths. The Grand Lake Michael proved the certainty for Fantail that the betting foreshadowed, and Fordham by hard riding won Mr. Ten Broeck his match with the Mar quis of Hastings. The 14th Triennial, considered a good trial for the Ca3sarewitch, brilliantly wound up the day's sport, after an exciting struggle between Harlequin and Hurricane, in which the latter, tiring in the last few strides, was beaten by a neck. There were three lengths between the second and third. The Trial Plate of 50 sovs, for 2-yr-olds and upwards; weight for age. The winner to be sold for 500 sovs ; if for 100 sovs, allowed 71b; if not for sale, to carry 101 b extra. A.F. Mr. Holland's Press Forward filly, 2 yrs (1100) Est (G. Clarke) 1 ➢lr. T. Taylor's Gentle Kitty colt, 3 yrs (1500), Bst 91b (Norman) 2 Mr. G. Angell's Naxos, 2 yrs (£500), Cat 71b (A.... Woodlouse) 3 Mr. T. Hughes's Real Jam, 4 yrs (101 b extra), lOst 51b (1). Hughes) 4 Mr. R. Ten Broeck's Blanchette, 3 yrs (£100), Bst 21b (G. Fordham) 5 Mr, Naylor's Iphigenia, 2 yrs (£500), Cat 411(car.6st 71b) (I'. French) 6 T. French weighed for Iphigenia, and carried 3lbs over without declaring. Betting-5 to 2 agst Naxos, 7to 2 agst Gentle Kitty colt, 4 to 1 agst Blanchette, and 5 to 1 agst Iphigenia. Naxos was the first away, and came on with a clear lead, having the Press Forward filly next, with the Gentle Kitty colt on their right, and Real Jam and Blanchette wide on their left. They ran thus to the bushes, where the two lat ter dropped back, which left the issue with Mr. Holland's filly and the Gentle Kitty colt and Naxos, who finished a close race home, the former winning cleverly by three-quar ters of a length; a head netween the second and third; a bad fourth. Handicap Sweepstakes of 20 soya each, and only 5 ft, if de clared, &c., to go to the owner of the second horse, for 3-yr-olds and upwards. T.Y.C• 7 subs, 3of whom pay 5 sous ft. Lord Stamford's Bertha, 4 yrs, Bst 71b.... (A. Edwards) 1 Mr. W. S. Crawfurd's Leotard, 3 yrs, 6st 131 b (J. Grimshaw) 2 Mr. Savile's Prince Lee 800, 3 yrs, Est 91b (car Est 101 b) (T. French) 3 Betting-6 to 4on Bertha, sto 2 agst Prince Lee 800, and 5 to 1 agst Leotard. The three ran abreast for a few strides, then Leotard, lying in the centre, came on with a slight lead, which he retained to the cords, when Prince Lee 800 showed in ad vance, bat dropping back in a few strides after, the race was lett with the two. Leotard retained his advantage to within 20 or 30 strides of the chair, when Edwards brought the favourite to the front, and won very easily by three parts of a length, Leotard defeating the Prince by half a length for second. The Hopeful Stakes of 40 sous each, h. ft, for 2-yr-olds ; colts Bst 101 b, and fillies Bst 81b ; winners extra. The owner of the second horse to receive 50 soya out of the stakes. Last half of Ab. M. 28 subs. Lord Stamford's Yamana, Bst 81b (A. Edwards) 1 Mr. Payne's Tomfoolery, Bst 81b (H. Grimshaw) 2 Count F. de Lagrange's File de I'Air, 9st 3113 (in 91b ex) (A. Watkins) 3 The following also ran :—Abderrahman, Crytheia, Ba ragah, Lady Bylda, Audacieuse, Olivia, Breeze, and Jupon. Betting-9 to 4 apt Yamuna, 9to 2 agst Fille is l'Air, 7 to 1 agst Baragah, and 8:to 1 agst Jupon. Breeze jumped away with the running, closely followed by Tomfoolery, Crytheia, and Jupon on her right, the fa vourite, with Fille de l'Air and Audacious for the first hundred yards, when the former dropped back, leaving the lead with Tomfoolery, who carried it on to half way in the cords, when the favourite came out, and won a fine race of a head, three parts of a length separating the second and third. Crytheia was fourth, close up, the last two being Olivia and Abderrahman. Sweepstakes of 10 soya each, for 2• yr-olds and upwards. Weight for age. The winner to be sold for 50 sous, T.Y.C. 3 subs. Lord Westmoreland's Zeloo, 3 yrs, Bst 101 b.. (J. Goater) 1 Mr. W. E. Jones's Atlas, 3 yrs, Bst 101 b.... (E. Sharpe) 2 Mr. H. Juice's The Hare, 2 yrs, 6st 101b..(J. Grimshaw) 3 Betting-2 to lon Zeloo, who waited upon Atlas into the cords, where she went in front, and won by a length and a half ; a bad third. The Great Eastern Railway Handicap, a Sweepstakes of 15 sous each, 5 ft, with 100 added, for 3-yr-olds and up-. wards; winners extra; the owner of the second horse to receive 25 Boys out of the stakes. T.Y.C. 91 subs. Sir J. llawley's St. Alexis, 4 yrs, 7st 41b (Loates) 1 Mr. Wybow Robertson's Queen Elizabeth, 4 yrs, Est 91b (C. Gray) 2 Mr. T. Hughes's Juliet, aged, 6st 71b (Prior) 3 The following also ran :—Welland, Croagh Patrick, Black Prince, Qaeen of Trumps, Fravola, Humphrey, Zora, Walloon, Cassidia, Lady Abbe,s, The Plover, Bohe mia, Peahen, Creole, Stockinger, Calliope colt, Airedale, The Principal, Fiancee, Littlecote, and Stampede, Poland was struck out at 11 a.m. Betting -4 to 1 agst Welland, 6 to 1 agst Fiancee and Croagh Patrick, 10 to 1 each, agst Queen of Trumps, Humphrey, and Bohemia, 100 to 8 agst Juliet, 100 to 7 agst Cassidia, 20 to 1 each agst St. Alexis, Peahen, and I Lady Abbess, and 25 to 1 agst any other. With little or no delay the signal was lowered to an admir able start, the horses lying in a line widely extended across the course. On settling into their places, queen Elizabeth, overpulling little Gray, went to the front, and made the running, but was shortly after pulled back, and the com mand was taken up by Peahen, followed by Littlecote, Queen Elizabeth being third, with St. Alexis, Cassidia, Queen of Trumps, Juliet, Walloon, and Welland lying up, the two latter wide on the right. The next division com prised Fiancee, Bohemia, Stockinger, Principal, and Hum phrey, in the centre of the course, On reaching the first half of the Abingdon mile ending post, Peahen was beaten, and Littlecote was joined by Queen Elizabeth, Juliet, Bo hemia, and St. Alexis, who ran in company to the cords, where Mr. Robertson's filly deprived Littlecote of his lead, and with Juliet and St. Alexis in close company came on in company to half way down, where Loates brought out the Saint, and landed the popular cherry jacket first by three parts of a length ; a length separated the second and third, Bohemia was fourth, close up with whom was Fiancee; Peahen finished sixth, and Stockinger next. The others, who were widely spread, were pulling up as they past the post; the last lot being Lady Abbess, Airedale, Creole, and the Calliopecolt; the latter beaten off a long way. The Buckenham Stakes of 300 80V8 each, h ft, for the pro duce of mares covered in 1860; colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 41b. Eaeh subscriber to nave three mares, and to bring the produce of one to the pest. T.Y.C. 3 subs. Lord Portsmouth's Hengist (J. Goater) 1 Mr. J. Merry' s Phemy filly.. Betting--6 to son the Phemy filly. The pair ran together to the cords, where the non-favour ite got his head in front, and won after a slashing set-to by a neck. The winner hung so much that Edwards stated he was prevented from getting up. The Croome Stakes of 100 sous each, 50 ft, for 2-yr-olds ; colts, Bst 101 b, and fillies, Bst 71k. T.Y.C. 12 subs, _ Lord Stamford's Cambuscan, Bst 101 b .... (A. Edwards) 1 Lord Uxbridge's Durham (J. Goater) 2 Betting-7 to 4on Cambuscan, who waited upon Dur ham into the cords, where he wentup and won in a canter by two lengths. The Grand Duke Michael Stakes of 50 soya each, for 3-yr old colts, Bst 101 b ; and fillies, Bst 61b ; winners extra ; maiden horses allowed 51b; the second horse to save his stake. A.F. 17 subs. Mr. R. Boyce's Fantail, Bst 61b Mr. Merry's Escape, Bst 101 b (G. Fordham) 2 Mr. Wigrain's Melrose, bat sth (Aldcroft) 3 Betting--5 to 4on Fantail, 6to 4 agst Escape, and 7to 1 agst Melrose. The favourite, on the extreme right, made play at his best, and had both his opponents beaten on reaching the bushes, and won in a canter by three lengths; a bad third. Match, R.M., 200, h ft. Mr. R. Ten Broeck's Lord of Linne, 4 yrs, Sat 31b (G. Fordham) 1 The Marquis of Hastings's Tippler, 3 yrs, Bst 71b (S. Rogers) 2 Betting-7 to 4on Tippler. The non-favourite held a slight lead into the bottom, where Tippler got up, and for a few strides ran upon equal terms, but shortly after Fordham called upon his horse, who won in the last stride by a head. Third year of the :Fourteenth Triennial Produce Stakes of 10 says each ; 4-yr-old colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 41b. The owner of the second horse to receive a sum equal to 10 per cent., and the third a sum Equal to 5 per cent. on the whole stake. D.I. 37 subs. Mr. Savile's llarlequin, Bst 71b (Fordham) 1 Mr. T. Valentine's Hurricane, Bst 41b Mr. Savile's Buckenham, Bst 71b Mr. Savilo declared to win with Harlequin. Betting-7 to 4on Hurricane, and 3to 1 agst any other. Harlequin, with a lead of about a length, made play, fol lowed by the favourite and Buckenham to the Bide of the old Duke's stand, where the three joined issue, and ran nearly abreast to half way in the rails, where Harlequin swerved through distress, which allowed Hurricane to get her head in front, but Fordham, having steadied his horse, came again, and won a fine race by a neck, three lengths separating the second and third. LATEST BETTING. CESAREWITCII. 15 to 1 agst Anfield (taken) 20 to 1 agst Myrtle (taken) 22 to 1 agst Blackdown (taken) 22 to 1 agst Drummer Boy (taken) 25 to 1 agst Fantail (taken) 30 to 1 agst Ace of Hearts (taken) 100 to 3 agst Hurricane (taken) 100 to 3 agst Sandford (taken) 50 to 1 agst Harlequin (taken) CAMBRIDGESEIRU. 40 to 1 agst Limosina (taken) 50 to 1 agst Gemma (taken) 50 to 1 agst Fantail (taken) Very little betting. The Wreck Register and Chart for 1862. In accordance with our annual custom for many years past, we again present our readers with a synopsis of the returns just made by the Board of Trade to Parliament of the wrecks and casualties which have taken piaue vu the coasts and in the seas of tha British isles during the past year. It may here be observed that the materials from which these valuable documents are compiled are derived from reports furnished by the officers of coast guard and receivers of wreck resident on the shores of the United King dom.* When we remember that the number of vessels which entered inwards and cleared outwards from different British ports in the course of the past year was 268,402, and that these ships had on board probably 1,610,000 men, it becomes. almost a matter of certainty that a large number of casual ties should take place amongst them every year, The coasts of the British isles extend upwards of 5,000 .miles, and on looking at the wreck chart which accompanies the register it is observed that there are few parts of that continuous shore which are not studded with the usual Wreck marks • and thus it is that on nearly every page of the register thi; startling fact constantly presents itself, that during the year no less than 1,828 wrecks and casualties took place on our coasts, with the loss of 690 lives. t y nn ea a r te is ly v c e o r nsider a bly under r f In a v s o u u s r a that ble the register y in u fo n butth the Compa red t w h r e e numberc k experiencelives e v o s i o u t h e s t o y e p s a a f r e s s r t the average, owing chiefly to the valuable a n d prompt set , vices of lifeboats and other means employed on occasions of wrecks on our coasts. The wrecks and casualties in the year show a large increase on the average of those daring the preceding 11 years. The number of wrecks in the last 11 years was 13,657, while the total voyages made to and from British ports in thatperiod was 2,745,910, so that 1 ship was wrecked out of every 201. During the past year, as previously stated, the number of voyages of vessels to and from ports in the United Kingdom was 268,462, and out of this largo one in: every 147. abovewrecks 8,775 persons number wlne rtehleops 0t8r2171 years, nearlyB of casualties roe meoactechhue year.occurred, ed, or Last year, it appears from the returns, that the lives of 4 ,729 persons were im - perilled on the coasts of the British isles, of which number 690, or 14.59 per cent., wine lost. The wrecks and disasters for the year 1862, may be thus classed :—Totally wrecked, 455 vessels—seriously damaged, 695 —totally lost in colli yy vessels. collision, 272—injured by This number of disas ters is th us g i ven :— J anuary, 22 1 is of five p er d a y. Th e num b er e s iool colli sion, , sf io6er6n—, last 3 d 3 a 9 m y. e— a a g tro e l e a, e t h o s seriously a t 0 vessels--F o e n b t r h ua o r f y, th l el 7 — March, 163—April, 87—May,77— June, 75—July, 94—August, Deeembe 6 6 r, S 3 e 2 p 7 t — em m be ta r l , , 7s iB o 27 ctober, 346—November, 1v ves sels. It will thus be seen that the months of January/ February,November, and December have been to ships. The startling facts t which the wreck register discloses each succes s ive y e a r have succeeded in drawing gener a l p u bli c a tt en ti on t o t hi s important subject, and frequently it is re f erre d t o i n Par t Aloasrtch, destructive October, Bement. On a recent occasion, when Lord Ravensworth alluded in the House of Lords to the necessity of con structing harbours of refuge on the north-east coast, he caused to be suspended in their loidships' library a large wreck chart lent by the National Lifeboat Institution_ Tha fearful scenes represented ell that chart naturally excited their lordships' attention. Indeed the dreadful havoc which storms commit every year in the seas and on the shores of the British isles can only be fully realised by the aid of such a chart. It is however, satisfactory to find that the publica tion of the annual register of the Board of Trade and other means of publicity have materially contributed to the esta blishment on our coasts of a system of lifeboats and life preserving apparatus, which reflects the greatest credit on the philanthropy of the age in which we live, and on the energy with which these means have been placed on our shores by the joint action of the National Lifeboat Institu tion and the Board of Trade. Amongst the desolating scenes which the Wreck Register and Chart reveal, it is consola tory to know that by means of lifeboats, life-preserving ap paratus, ships' own boats, and other means, 20,158 lives have been saved from a watery grave daring the last seven years, as the annexed list shows :-1856, 2,243 lives saved ; 1857, 1 , 668 -1858,1,555-1859, 2,332-1860, 3,697-1861, 4 , 624 -1862,4,039—total, 20,158 lives saved. The following is a summary of the means used in saving the 4,039 lives from wrecks on the coasts of the United Kingdom during the past year :—By lifeboats, 327 f —by, rocket and mortar apparatus, 310—by, ships own boats, shore boats, steamers, &c., 3,389—by individual exertion, 13—total, 4,039. As usual, ships, ships' boats, smacks have saved more lives in that period than the lifeboats and the rocket and mortar apparatus. This appa rent discrepancy is susceptible of easy explanation. 'When a disaster takes place in British waters, it frequently hap pens that either a ship or smack is fortunately at hand to render assistance to tho crews of the distressed vessels,such * It is only due to the memory of the late Admiral Wash ington, F.R.S., Hydrographer to the Admiralty, to state that he originated about ten years ago the compilation and publication of an annual wreck register of the British isles, accompanied - by a wreck chart. His services to the lifeboat cause, in conjunction with the Duke of Northumberland, president of the National Lifeboat Institution, were also of the greatest advantage to the cause of humanity. His labours in that respect will long be remembered in the homes of our sailors and fishermen. with their vessels w ere sa f e ly brought untot This number doesnotinCiaehipvirecked crews, who port by lifeboats. help is seldom attended with any very great danger (although sometimes it is so),and the men are often brought ashore before any tidings at all have reached a lifeboat station. B at the great value of the services rendered by lifeboats can only be appreciated by considering that they are mostly per formed on occasions when no other craft could be launched from the shore with safety. Schooners and brigs, as usual, were the most numerous description of vessels that were lost during the past year on our shores. These are usually employed in our coasting and coal trade, and the destruc tion of hundreds of them even in moderate gales is now re duced to a matter of certainty, In December last 7 vessels foundered off the east coast of England, with the loss of all ~ . hands, while engaged in coasting voyages. One of them was a collier sloop, 71 years of age ; another collier brig also foundered in October last, and 7 out of 9 of her crew were drowned, She was 99 years old. The following is an analysis of the tonnage of the ships lost last year : —Vessels under 50 tons, 311—ditto 51 and under 100, 441—ditto 101 and under 300, 781—ditto 301 and under GOO, 186—ditto 601 and under 900, 44—ditto 901 and under 1,200, 20—ditto 1,201 and upwards, 11. Total, 1,827 vessels. The cargoes of these vessels are thus made up:— Coals, 593—ballast, not colliers, 165—colliers in ballast, 128 —metallic ores, 113—grain, oatmeal, flour, and provisions, 109—stone, slate, &c., 100—general cargo, 93—timber or bark, 89—fishing smacks, 84; various, or unknown, 353. Total, 1,827 cargoes. The most destructive gales of wind are those that blow from S.W., S.S.W, W.S.W., and N.W. We find that the ages of some of the vessels that were hurried out of existence were as follows :—Under 3 years, 122-3 and not exceeding 7 years, 271-8 and not exceeding 10 years, 131-11 and not exceeding 14 years, 155-15 and not exceeding 20 years, 216-21 and not exceeding 30 years, 266-31 and not exceeding 40 years, 125-41 and not ex- ceeding 50 years, 59-51 and not exceeding GO years, 25- 61 and not exceeding 90 years, 14-91 and not exceeding 100 years, I—unknown, 442—total, 1,827. We also re mark that in perfectly calm weather 23 vessels were wrecked—in light airs, 28—in light breezes, 56—in gentle breezes 43—in moderate breezes 110—in fresh breezes 187— in strong breezes, 195—in moderate gales, 75—in fresh gales, 170—in strong gales, 199—in whole gales, 218—in storms, 63—in hurricanes, 69--and in unknown and variable weather, 53. We moreover observe that 321 vessels were wrecked that were under the command of masters holding certificates of competency, while 720 were wrecked that were commanded by others who were not required by law to hold such certificates, and 266 that were commanded by foreigners not having British certificates. We observe that of the total wrecks during the past year on our shores, irre spective of collisions, 60 vessels foundered, 41 were driven or run on a lee shore, 66 parted their cables or dragged their anchors and went on shore, 40 were wrecked from damage to hull, or the loss of masts, yarts, or sails, 3 were actually capsized, 72 were wrecked from inattention, carelessness, or neglect, 25 from defects in ships or equipments, 7 from a combination of causes, while 18 arose from accident. Of the total wrecks that took place from collisions 18 were from bad look out, 22 because the rule of road at sea was not observed, 1 from want of sea room, 4 in thick and foggy weather, and 4 from neglecting to show lights ; but it is worth observing that only 1 collision with total loss occurred from the error of the pilot who was on board. 4 occurred from negligence and want of caution. It is also a lamentable fact that 141 collisions took place in fine and clear weather, the whole number during the year being 338, 102 in the day time and 236 in the night. Last year 11 collisions occurred between steamers, and 190 between sailing vessels, while both were under way ; 32 collisions also took place between sailing 'vessels, one being at anchor and the other under way at the time, but no collisions occurred between steamers under these circumstances. 46 collisions likewise took place between steamers and sailing vessels, both being under way ; and six only when sailing vessele at anchor were run into by steamers. 53 collisions alsa occurred by vessels breaking from their anchors or moorings. We earnestly trust that the admirable regulations which the Board of Trade have just 1 üblished to prevent collisions at sea will materially tend to lessen the number of these fearful disas ters. The sandbanks which have proved most disastrous to vessels during 1862 are the Long Sand, 17 vessels wrecked, Newsome Sand 11, Kentish Knock Sand 10, Gunfleet Sand 10, Scroby Sand 8, Hasboro' Sand 8, Goodwin Sand 6, Bar row Sand 6, Blakeney Sand 6, Corton Sand 6, Shipwell Sand 5, Sizewell Bank 5. The most disastrous wrecks, with the greatest loss of life, occur between that part of the coast extending from Skerzies and Lambay to Fair Head and Mull of Kintyre. During the past 13 years 1,641 lives were lost in that district. The next is from the North Fore land to St. Katherine's Point, which during the same period claims 1,136 lives. The estimated loss of property involved in the destruction of a portion only of the vessels wrecked in the last six years amounted to four-and-a-half millions of pcunds sterling, although the total amount, being unreported, cannot be ascertained; but who can appreciate the value of the pre• cious lives lost in these terrible disasters, except those at our seaport and fishing villages, who are now widows, and orphans or friendless, who have bewailed with unutterable anguish the loss of a husband, father, or near relation? Oa the other hand, it is most gratifying to find that in these six years 4,169 lives were rescued from the jaws of death by lifeboats and the life-saving apparatus alone. It may be proper to observe that these means of saving life are rarely used except under host perilous circumstances. One can ha , ceive a more pitiable sight than a noble ship sacra! a sandbank during a gale of wind, . . with her crew in igging, or firing minute•guns as I signals of distress, shat they may obtain help from the shore. On observing chose signals the crew of the lifeboat immediately put off. Indeed we know of no spectacle more sublime, or more calculated to send the blood thrilling through the veins with admiration and awe, than the cool, determined courage and the lively charity that sends these poor and often half-starved fi.her-fellows out in the dark night, in the midst of bitter frost and snow, into a tumul tuous sea and But f, hungry for their bodies, in the very teeth of a furious wind, with death threatening them on all sides, and nothing but their coolness and skill to rely upon to preserve their own lives, to say nothing of the lives of others—leaving wives and families of little ones at home who may never see them in life again. What stout hearts those must be as, yard by yard, they struggle away from the dim shore, lost in an obscurity of scud and surf, and snow, thinking of nothing but their duty—the errand of mercy and charity before them—through the raging tem pest—winning their way through seas that to the landsmen are fearful to gaze on, even from the safe standing on the beach, momentarily threaten to overwhelm them I Out further and further yet into the dark void a speck on the waters, Another flash of the minute-gun points out where the vessel is lying aground upon a shoal, the sea making a clean breach over her, and the scud and spray flying shesr over her mastheads, which threaten to go every moment. Stand to it, stout hearts I a few more minutes of the heavy toil and the boat will be well into leeward of the wreck, when the most dan gerous part of the whole operations will commence —for there is danger of her being stove in momentarily, either by contact with the wreck itself or with the floating spars which may be hanging loosely round her. The relief of a wreck is no mere child's play—it often occupies hours of hard, dangerous, and unremitting toil. It is no mere sudden flash of generosity that is required—no enthusiasm burnt out as soon as kindled; but that steady, undaunted pluck which distinguishes frequently the highest as well as the lowest class of Englishmen in times of danger. flow im portant then is the work of the National Lifeboat Institution in providing these messengers of mercy on our coasts, and in encouraging noble deeds of daring in the rescue of our fellow• creatures from an awful death I It may be interesting here to recapitulate briefly the ope rations of the National Lifeboat Institution, which has now 125 lifeboats under its management. During the past year, in addition to saving 21 vessels from destruction, 358 lives were rescued by the lifeboats of the society. For these seta. vices rewards amounting to £915 18s id were voted. The number of lives saved by the lifeboats of the society, or by special exertions, for which it has granted rewards since its formation, is 13,220. For these services 82 gold medals, 733 silver medals, and £17,200 in cash have been granted as rewards. The institution has also expended £75,380 on lifeboats, lifeboat transporting carriages and boat houses. Surely a society which has thus been productive' of the greatest sor•tees in the cause of humartity will not have to appeal in vain to the public for help to enable it to continue its merciful work on our dangerous seaboard ! The Stock Exchange Journal of St. Petersburg of 18th insc. publishes a report from the Minister of War, showing that the Russian regular army consists of 31,856 officers and 858,957 privates, and the irregular army of 4,818 officers and 302,961 privates, making altogether 36,674 officers and 1,161,958 privates. -—• • - LADVERTISEMENTI—HoIIoway's Ointment and Pills have, over and over again proved the best friends to per sons afflicted with ulcerations, sores, abscesses, fistulas, and other painful and complicated complaints. Printed and very plain directions for the application of the Ointment are wrapped round each pot. Holloway's alterative Pills should be taken throughout the progress of the cure, to maintain the blood in a .tats of perfect purity, and to pre vent the health of the whole body being jeopardised by the local ailment; bad legs, old age's great grievance, are thus re adily cured, without confining the patient to bed, or with drawing from him the nutritious diet and generous support so imperatively demanded when weakening diseases attack advanced years or constitutions evincing premature decre pitude. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—Consuraption, all nervous, bilious, liver, and stomach complaints, iu every stage, are only ag gravated and accelerated by drugs of every description, but perfectly curable by Du Barry's health restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, as proved by thousands of cases which had been considered hopeless. We quote a few.—Cure No. 62,914. Miss Lange, 18 years of age, cured after the medical men had abandoned all hopes of her recovery from the last stage of pulmonary consumption, with f ~arful cough, expectoration. exhaustion, spitting of blood, perspiratione, hollow cheeks, emaciated to a skeleton. She is now, thank God, a perfectly healthy, blooming, fleshy girl,--N. Lange, Commissaire de Police. Cure, No. 48,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial deafness.—Cure, No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure, No, 54,816. The Rev.. Tames T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, of indigestion and torpidity of the liver, which had resisted all medical treatment. In tins, 11b, 2s 9d; 21b, 4s 6d; 51b, 118 ; 121 b, 225; 241 b, 40s. Barry du Barry and Ca., No. 77, Regent-street, London ; also Fortnum and Mason; and all grocers and Chemists in even - town Qt the Vaiteciiiirqderu. SPIRIT OF TZE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—The speech with which the King of Den mark has just opened the Session of the Danish Chamber is not calculated to encourage any rising hopes of the preservation of peace. it is not ad dressed exclusively to the Danish representatives; it is also a manifesto to Europe that the demands made by the German Confederation cannot be met by any further concessions on the part of Denmark without sacrificing its independence, and aban doning the internal government and policy of the nation to the German Diet, dictating its mea sures from Frankfort. A conclave of German Sove reigns has just broken up and dispersed from the same city, after discussing the Constitution of the body still left with the power of embroiling Europe by its dull pertinacity in wrong-doing. The debate of the Royalties on the reform of the Bund proposed by the Emperor of Austria proved conclusively that the Diet, with all its clumsy political machinery, has not the implicit confidence even of the Princes of whose delegates it is composed. And having sufficiently indicated an apprehension that under the first strain of war the whole organisation would break down, they left it unchanged, to continue a course of proceedings directly tending to invite the calamity they ought to dread and avoid with special caution. The old German helplessness and stolid endurance of a national evil can have no stronger illustration than the mischief the Diet is still per mitted to work under the double condemnation of Sovereigns and people. As an organisatian it may be fairly considered as doomed, for the declared in tention of Austria to supersede it in the present form will always impend over it. The certainty of having been condemned, and the prospect of being set aside at the first opportunity, would reduce any ordinarily constituted body to, at least, harmless inaction. But the German Federal Bund, without any political strength derived from the people, who have not the slightest influence over it, and not trusted by the Sovereigns, who have themselves ex perienced its defects, still acts, like a piece of heavy mechanism that nothing can stop. It has but one kind of activity, one object that it pursues, without a gleam of statesmanship or apparent perception of the dangers it is plunging into. For a series of years it has had no visible aim or purpose, except that of invading, limiting, or absorbing the sove reign rights of Denmark. Knowing that the inde pendence of that Monarchy is under the solemn guarantee of Francs and England, and now fully apprised that Denmark " will not stand alone" in case of attack, the Diet, with an arrogance that looks like infatuation, is pushing Denmark to the last extremity, endangering the peace of Europe, utterly blind to what may be the consequences to Germany itself, or what it is certain to lose by war. It is only consistent with the heavy incapacity of the Frankfort Diet to deal with facts intelligently that it is doing the worst thing possible at the worst possible time. The question of German " nation ality" does not stand where it did in 1849 and 1850. Then Prussia was its champion, and when offering to rescue any " oppressed " fragment of the race from the dominion of its neighbours—France cautiously excepted—it had some political freedom to share with it. The relapse of Prussia into Abso lutism deprives the agitation of even the semblance of excuse. Denmark is full justified in resisting the attempt to impose on the Duchy of Schleswig any constitutional changes by German influence in the interest of the German population itself. The Diet demands of Denmark a common Constitution for "the whole Monarchy." The degree of political freedom it is to confer is a matter the Diet must decide, part of the Monarchy being a State of the Confederation. As Prussia is the model State of Germany, it could not permit the Diet to establish any form of government contrasting too favourably with its own ; and as the Prussian Chambers are reduced to a nullity, the Germans now under the sovereignty of Denmark will lose considerably by the change. As a liberating process, it would now be like inviting the thousands of Germans who are politically freemen to forfeit their advantages, anti share with the Prussian millions the subjection to which the latter have been reduced. If the German Sovereigns have any sense of their own position, or of the condition of the Bund, they , will restrain that body from provoking the inter ference of the Cabinets of Europe by persisting in a policy as full of absurdity as of peril. Prussia is tho Power most identified with the long persecution of Denmark in the name of Ger many. The part it played in the war of 1849 and 185 u does not furnish a very glorious page in its annals. And since that period the Government has lost influence abroad and popularity at home. It has identified itself with Russia by its conduct to the Polish insurgents, and with Russia it shares the anger and irritation the issue of the negotiations with that Power has created. It would be little less than insanity for Prussia to place herself by a repe tition of the " nationality" crusade of 1849 in open hostility with France, England, and the Scandi navian States, which would now give their hearty support and co-operation to Denmark if attacked. The real oppression of the Polish a nationality," with which the world has been sickened for the past year, has made it intolerant of the petty, half-ima ginary grievances the Germans, with more senti ment than sense, have magnified into wrongs. Europe has lost patience with the continually recur ring annoyance of this superfluous trouble in a cor ner of Europe that is prosperous and practically self-governed. It cannot, for the sake of its own peace, longer permit the Diet of Frankfort to keep up a groundless agitation that has not a single valid I claim to our sympathy. It knows that the Bund has always been ready to strangle political freedom in any German State in which the Sovereign was not strong enough to apply the bowstring himself. It has therefore no belief in the sincerity of its claim on behalf of Danish subjects of wnat it has so com pletely suppressed at home. The last step may still be arrested by a word from Prussia, which will pro bably be the agent of the violence with which Den mark is threatened. The note of Baron Mander strom, the Swedish Minister of Foreign Affairs, fully confirms the intimations given in the King of Den mark's address to the Chamber. Negotiation with Frankfort has ceased. The Federal Diet will demand of the Danish Government the withdrawal, within six weeks, of the patent of the 30th of last March, though it conceded to the Duchy of Holstein all the rights the Diet had required on its behalf. It must,include the Duchy of Schleswig, in which the Diet has no authority, to find acceptance. Such an assumption no State can possibly submit to, and against the invasion of its independent rights Den mark justly protests. Bat if the patent is not withdrawn, the Diet threatens to send a body of Federal troops to occupy Holstein—a process called an " execution." Baron Manderstrom asserts that every pretext for such a measure has been removed by the repeated declarations of Denmark, which will, therefore, consider the occupation an act of hostility, and it will be " her duty to oppose it by all the means at her disposal." The King treats it as a violation " of the independence of Denmark, which is firmly determined to protect herself against any attack." This is the state of affairs that both S weden and Denmark now submit to the Cabinets of London and Paris, claiming protection against German " aggression." POST.—It would perhaps be unjust to the King of Prussia and M. Bismark to ascribe the declara tion they have just made on Federal Reform to an electioneering manoeuvre. Nevertheless, it would be difficult to imagine any position more cleverly taken up with the view of leading away the minds of the Prussian constituencies from the main ques tion that is now before them. It reminds us of Tadpole and Taper with " our young Queen and old institutions." The King and his Minister put themselves forward in this declaration as the cham pions of the dignity of Prussia, outraged by the other German Sovereigns at Frankfort, and as the supporters of a wider popular representation in the Federal Diet, which these Princes are represented as having attempted to crash. Thus the Prussian constituencies are called upon altogether to forget the great question, whether representative govern ment and political freedom in their own country are to be a reality or a sham. They are simply to be lieve in King William and Count Bismark as indis pensable to the grandeur of Prussia and to its inter national dignity at the German Diet; add they are expected to inculcate also the still greater paradox, that the party which have been attempting to crush public opinion in their own country are those on whom Germany is to rely for a freedom which the other Federal Princes would restrain. It may be thought that such a palpable absurdity would deceive no one. Nevertheless, we all know from our own experience in this representative country that nothing in electioneering times is too preposterous to exert more or less weight in turning the scales of public opinion. The King of Prussia, accordingly, reduces his objections to a participa tion, at present, in the course taken by the other Clerms.n Sovereigns, to three heads. He demands, first, that the veto of either Austria or Prussia should be sufficient to debar the Diet from making a declaration of war, except in the event of the German territory being actually invaded. This is pretty nearly equivalent to leaving things as they were; for the Germanic Confederation being essen tially a defensive body, it is hardly probable that it would collectively declare war with any other ob ject than that of defending its own territories; and during the near fifty years of its existence it has never yet declared war at all against any consider able Power. But the object of this proviso, which has the sounding character of maintaining the "dignity of Prussia," and the tendency of thus appealing to the sympathy, of all true Prussians in the approaching elections, is clearly a very different one, Th e Ki ng - of Prussia is determined that Fiance and Austria shall cat drag the minor States of Germany into any war with Russia on account of Poland, into which he has been from the first resolved not to be himself dragged either. He there fore provides, in the first place, that if he is to take any part in Federal Reform, it will be solely on the understanding that be is to have the power of clog ging the wheels of the Diet in any attempt which they may make to go to war with his brother despot. This is the first of King William's condi tions, and the second is like unto it. It is that Austria and Prussia are to hold a position of equal dignity in the Diet, both as regards their relative power and their nominal presidency over its sit tings. Here, however, we see a plausible posit ion taken up. It is qu i t e tru e that the King of Prussia is not so powerful a Sovereign as the Emperor of Austria, taking all their respective territories into account. But, on the other hand, Prussia has an actually greater number of inhabitants within the limits of the Confederation than Austria has. The disproportion, to be sure, is not great, but it is somewhat on the side of Prussia. Austria, how ever, has made from time to time very considerable arrogations, on the ground of her traditionary tenure of the imperial sceptre of Germany; and perhaps, when we consider that that dignity was, after all, merely an elective one, though the House of Hapsburg contrived to keep it for many gene rations in their own hands, the pretension was not equal to the foundation for it, as applying to a Germanic Confederation in which these imperial distinctions of authority have now long ceased to exist. But we do not apprehend that there is, on the present occasion, any serious intention on the part of Austria to claim a superior place in the Diet to that which would be assigned to Prussia. The Emperor of Austria, indeed, was offered the presi dency in the recent deliberation of the German Princes, partly because the King of Prussia refused to take part in them. Probably, if the Diet should ever be re-established on a new basis with the con currence of Prussia, the Austrian and Prussian monarchs would divide the presidency between them in alternate years. But the third condition made by the King of Prussia of his acceptance of a Fede ral Reform comes with very indifferent grace from such a quarter. The Austrian Emperor had pro posed that the Federal Chamber of Deputies should be composed of delegates from the chambers of each component State of the Federation. They would, therefore, be indirectly elected by the Ger man people. One advantage of this scheme—and it was no slight one—was that its adoption would in a manner compel all the German Princes to adopt representative government in their own States. For it would be only through the existence of a Cham ber of Deputies in each State that that State could become represented in the Third Estate of the Fede ration. But the King of Prussia requires that the deputies, in place of being chosen thus, should be directly elected by the German constituencies, and should bear no .relation whatever to the Chambers of Deputies in each State of the Confederation. This is no doubt, on the face of it, a much more liberal proposition; and it would be inconceivable that it could represent the real opinions of the King of Prussia as they are to be gathered from his domestic policy. Such a body would at once as sume that the whole and direct popular authority of Germany,' and the King of Prussia's life would be spent in dissolving them. We have long enter tained a repugnance to indirect election as applied to the House of Representatives in a simple State. But in a Federal Government direct election is nearly equivalent to a setting aside of the Lower Chambers of the component States; and we believe that such a principle could lead to little short of a revival of the " Frankfort Parliament" of 1848, and of all the antagonism between Kings and Com mons that ended in its destruction. COUNTRY MARKETS. LEEDS—TUESDAY. There is a slow demand for wheat to-day, and to cffat business a small reduction has to be conceded. Barley also slow, and 2s decline. LIVERPOOL —TUESDAY. At our market to-day there was a fair attendance of the trade, and wheat met with a limited demand, at a slight decline on the currencies of last Friday. Flour easier, but neglected. Indian corn was rather more saleable. Barley, beans, and peas unaltered in value. MARKET HARBOROUGH—TUESDAY. White wheat, 438 to 468; red, 42s to 44s per 36 stone• Malting barley at 358 to 39s per qr.; grinding, 298 to 32s per 30 st, Oats, old, 26s to 30s; new, 23s to 26s per 24 at. ; beans, 36s to 42s per qr. SHEFFIELD—TUESDAY. We had a fair supply of wheat to-day, and prices may be quoted much the same as last week. Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial bushels...lss Od to 17s 0a White ...18s Od to 19s 6a .15s 6d to 175 Od New red .17s Od to 188 Oct New white las Od to 17s 6d Beans 111 II •• • - Peas, per qr 45s Od to 508 Od Grinding barley, per qr 3os Od to 32s Oa Malting ditto, „ .. 31s Od to 38s Od Oats 91 22s Od to 27s Od Flour,ls sd, Is 7d, and is 9d per 14 lb. MELTON MOWBRAY—TUESDA.Y. The following were the currencies :—Now white wheat, 43s Od to 478,0 d ; new red, 42s Od to 45s per 36 stone; beans, 39s to 43s for old; new sorts, 378 to 42s per 38 St• barley, 36s to 408 for malting, and 27s to 30s per qr. for grinding; new oats, 235, to 26s Od per 24 stone. DUBLIN—TUESDAY. We were well supplied with grain to-day. Wheat 6d and oats 6d to 9d per barrel lower than on Friday. In In dian corn nothing doing. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. (21 . Wheat, white.. 23 0 to 25 6 Beans.. ..... o to -- 0 Do., red .. 20 0t023 6 Bere Do., new .... —oto 0 Rapeseed Barley Oats Do., black - oto 0 Indian corn .. 27 oto2B 0 Foreign. Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton. Oct. 19. via Marseilles ..Oct. 13. Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. Oct. 5- Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena—Oct. '29. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton. Oct. 2- - via Marseilles ...Oct. 13 Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Oat. 2 via Marseilles Oct. 13. India (Bombay), via Southampton Oct. 11. via Marseilles Oct. 5. Portugal Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton ...... Oct. 2. via Marseilles Newfoundland Oporto and Vigo .... U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet Oct. 8, by U.S. packet by Canadian packet Oct. 2. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffo Bahamas, via New York Oat. 22. Mexico Oct. 29. All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, Oct. 14. California. and British Columbia.. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Horniman's pure Tea; very choice at 38. 4d. an d 4s. " High Standard "at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every town supply it in packets. HARVESTING ON SUNDAY.—In Queen Eliza , . beth's reign a proclamation was issued, whereby 9 11 parsons, vicars, and curates were enjoined " to teach anti declare unto the people, that they might, with safe and quiet consciences (after common prayer), in time of harvest, labour upon the holy and festival day s, and save the things which God had sent them : for if, by any groundless scruples of conscience, they should abstain from working on those days, that they should grievously offend and dio-. please God, if the grain was thereby lost or damagd." Births. Alderman of BEDFORD.—On the 26th inst., at Chelten ham, the wife of Major-General Bedford, of a son. SIDNEY.—On the 29th inst., at Bowes Manor, Southgate, a the wife of Thomas Sidney, Esq., P. nor, , son. WARDELL.—On the 27th inst., at Upminster, the wifo Of James It. Wardell, Esq., of a son. WHITAKER.— On the 25th inst., at 59, Torrington-squaref the wife of Frank Whitaker, Esq., of a daughter. • Marriages. CUMING—DREW.—On the 28th inst., at St. George'at Hanover -square, Charles Cumming, Esq., of Bradninabo Devon, to Ann Doddridge, daughter of the late Mr. W Drew, of the same place. WAKEFIELD — PUGH.—On the 26th inst. ' a t Upper Clar ton, Thomas J. Wakefield, son of J. M. Wakefield, Esq.. of Mildmaypark, to Lydia, third daughter of Mr. Jolla Pugh, of Church-street, Stoke Newington. Deaths. Bi ß u il .. l7E o s n g. t , h o e f 2 s 7 t t o h i r th n e s s t o i n n d t o h n e , c C o h un a r t l y e s o l f f o y r sofg aged 72. - ' • BIBKHEAD.—On the 27th inst., in Hans-place, Sloane' street, Mica Anne Birkhead, aged 84. CHAMBERS.—On the 29th inst., at Verulam House, int John's wood, Anne, wife of Robert Chamber s, LL.;')* t ton FEARTNGTON.—On the 29th inst., Edmund F. ffar. o on, , Esq., barrister-at-law, second son of Admiral 19‘ icir " of Woodvale, LW., aged 43. id - A., late of GILES.-- On the 27th inst., John Giles, Esq., ."--. HU Balliol Col., Oxford, aged 43. ea-rise, Car MPHERY.—On the 28th inst., at Batte r, ham-common, John Humphery, Esq., ijderillan ' aged 70. J ose li Tussaud p ht on , in 'ter 60th TussAun.—On the 19th inst., at Bri g year, Elizabeth, the beloved wife o F. P f Esq., of Baker-street, London. .-----_____.,.... ............. London : Prinzs!d and niblialied nY VVILLISM ANDREWS, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN On c e No. 112. Strand, in the Precinct of the lavoY. In he CoulitY iliddiev:x.—Nrcuaeoday ., sePitluber 30 , 161 4 38t /