The Sun. — London, England, 1864-01-01 00:00:00

AGENTS REQUIR'i.D. IHE ROYAL INSURANCE COMPANY is prepared to entertain applications for Agency Appoint ments from gentlemen haying command of Fire and Life Business. • ----- The — Royal has always been conspicuous for its liberality and promptitude in the settlement of claims. Its annual Income is now over And its funds in hand exceed . £500,f0 £1,C00,000 Transfers of Policies from other Companies received with out charge for Policy, whatever the amount. Address, JOHN B. JOHNSTON, Secretary. Royal Insurance CQmp any, 29, Lombard-street. ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN. Under the Management of Miss Louisa Fyne and Mr. W. Harrison. THIS EVENING, to commence with the Second Act of Balfe's popular opera, TEE BOHEMIAN GIRL. After which, a Grand Christmas Pantomime, on a s.la/e of unprecedented ma.nificence, entitled lIARLEQUTN ST. GF,ORGE AND THE DRAGON. Doors open at half-past Six—Commence at Seven. THEATRE ROYAL DR U R Y-L AN E. Managers, Messrs. Edmond Falconer and F. B. Chatterton. THIS EVENING, the Farce of A ROLAND FOR AN OLIVER. Mes.rs. Walter Lacy, Addison, G. Belmore, the Misses Heath, R. Leclercq. Murray. To conclude with the new Grand Christmas Comic Panto mime of SINBAD THE SAILOR ; or, The Seven Wonders of the World. Clowns, Messrs. H. Bono ad C. Lauri ; Bariequins, Messrs. J. Cormack and S. Saville; Pantaloons, Messrs. W. A. Barnes and J. ►orris ; Columbines, Madame Bolen° and Misses Gunniss. Prices as usual. Box Office open from 10 till 5 daily. LYCEUM THEATRE. Under the Sole Management of Mr. Fechter. BEL DEIIONIO (a Triumphant Success) will be repeated Every Evening during the Week. THIS EVENING, the performance will commence with - a New and Original Farce, entitled THE LOST CHILD : , lessrs. 11. Widdicombe, Shore, Garden, F. Charles Collett, Moreland; Misses Percy, Pauline LeJlercq, Wood, Mrs. Lee, and Miss E. Lavenu. After which, at Eight o'clock, BEL DEMONIO, a Love Rtory, in Twelve Tableaux, taken from Stendhal's "Italian Chronicle," by Mr. John Brougham. Principal caarac ter by Mr. Fechter, supported by Messrs. Jordan, Charles, Brouham, Emery, Raymond, Moreland, Smith, Clifford, Collett, Sims ; Miss Kate Terry, E. Layenu, Mrs. Lee, and Miss Elsworthy. The Public are entreated to take notice that No Charge is made to the occupants of Boxes, Box-places, or Stalls, either for play bills or for the safe keeping of hat , and cloaks, and teat the attendants in all parts of the house are forbidden to receive any gratuities whatever. Box-office open daily from 11 to 5. Commence at 7. THEATRE ROYAL HAY MARKET.- Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr, Buckstone. THIS EVENING, OUR AMERICAN COUSIN : Messrs. Sothern, Bnekstone, Chippendale, Braid, Gordon, Rogers, Clark, Cullentord, &c. ; Mesdames Angel, Snowden, Terry, Lindley, Hill, &c After which, KING ARTHUR ; or The Days and Knights of the Round Table. Messrs. Chipnendato, Compton, Braid, Clark, Rogers, Tilbury, &c. ; Mesdames L. Keeley, Brough, Wright, Terry, Lindley, Rogers, &c. Commence at 7. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.- Sole Lesee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining. Open for the Season. THIS EVENING, THE HONEYMOON. After which. HARLEQUIN LITTLE TOM TUCKER; or The Fine Lady of Banbury Cross, and the Old Woman who Lived in a Shoe and Had so Many Children she didn't know what to do. R OYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE, under the Management of Mr. B. WEBSTER. THIS EVENING, the new Comic Drama of the HEN AND CHICKENS: Mrs. Stirling in her original character. Atter which, a Comical Conglomerative Christmas Absur dity, by Henry J Byron, Esq., and entitled 1861; or, THE SENSATIONS OF THE PAST SEASON, witn a Shameful Revelation of Lad/ Somebody's Secret. New Scenery by Danson and Sons. Appointments by Mr. Ireland. Music by M. Wallerstein. Principal characters by Mt. J. L. Toole, Mr. Paul Bedford, Miss Cottrell, bliss Fa9ny Josephs, &o. And the BIRTHPLACE OF PODGERS Mr. J. L. Toole n his original character. STEW THE ATRE-RO YAL, ADELPHL-. Sole Proprietor and Manager, M. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, THE SPITALFIELDS WEAVER L. Toole. • At / to Eight, the New Drama of LEAH : Miss Bate man, supported by Messrs. Arthur Stirling, R. Phillips, Bil ington, Stuart, Stephenson, Eburne; Miss H. Simms, and Mrs. Billington. To conclude with LADY BELLE BELLE; or, Fortnnto and his Seven Magic Men. Messrs. .J. Clarke, lt. Phillips, Stephenson ; Miss Woolear, Miss K. Kelly, Miss _Patti Josephs, Miss L. Laidlaw, Miss Seaman. Commence at 7. LEAH. -EVERY NIGHT. MISS BATEMAN.-LEAH.-TUTS EVENING, the 79th appearance of the great Tragic Actress, Miss BA2E MAN, in the character of LEAH. In consequence of the unbounded success with which Miss Bateman's imperso nation of the principal character in the new Five Act Drama of LEAH has been attended. Mr Webstet• begs to announce that It will be performed EVERY EVENING until further notice. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Manager, Mr. W. H. Swanborough. THIS EVENING, OBSERVATION AND FLIRTA TION. After which, the Grand Christmas Burlesque, ORPHEUS AND EURYOICE : Messrs. Honey, Wood, 'bnes Fenton, 3lesdames Swanborou'h, Marie Wilton, Hughes, &a. To conclude with TURN 11131 OUT. Commence at 7. THE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN," L Containing the Latest SPORTING MTELLIGENCE, Oen be had Every Evening* of G. R. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. This DAY.—Morning, 6h. 18m.—Afternoon, 6h. 40m. To - moicaow.-Morning", 6h. ;,Bm.—Afternoon,' 7h. 21m. The Weather—Sun Office, Jan. 1, 1864. THERMOILETER. This day at Two o'clock 44 Barometer-29.80. Wind—North East; moderate, and fine. 4,Ceo, $ - 111 4 .t" , 11- 111 110 Un LONDON, FRIDAY, JAN. 1, 1864. The Revenue Returns for 1863, punctually laid before the public on this First of January, are chiefly remarkable for inasmuch as out of eight Sources of the National Income only two show a decrease, the remaining six showing, on the con trary, a distinct increase--respectively, an increase and a decrease upon the year itself and upon each of its four quarters. The two exceptional branches, however, under each of which a decrease is but too plainly visible, are, out of the whole eight, two among the most important. These are theyroperty Tax and the Customs. Under each the decrease is, moreover, very considerable. So considerable, indeed, as to overbalance the aggregate increase, referred to, as evidenced by the six other sources of Revenue. Whereas —to put the facts here hinted at as plainly as possible, so as to bring them in a few moments 'within any one's comprehension—Whereas the in crease upon this laat quarter, as compared with the corresponding quarter of the previous year, 1862, amounts to £l,OOO on Crown Lands, to £15,000 on Taxes (so called), to £4,000 on Post-office, to 1106,000 Stamps, to £173,238 on Miscellaneous, and to asmuch as 1753,000 ott Excise, making a total increase on the quarter under those six heads of £1,088,238 it is observable that there has been within the same' interval of this last quarter a decrease under the the head of Customs to the extent of £350,000, and a decrease under the head of Property Tao to the extent of £799,000, making together a decrease of £1,149,000 on this our last isolated quarter of the dead and gone twelvemonth. Stibtracting from which aggregate sum indicative of the decrease, the lesser figures of the total increase, we find that there is a net decrease upon the last quarter of 1863 of £60,762. The net decrease upon the last nine months of this same year just completed, is one, it Will be seen, of 1169,911. The net decrease of the Revenue upon the whole year being more than half a million sterling, or, to be precise, £562,809. Nor can this unsatisfactory result be in any way matter either of surprise or of bewilderment, when we come to examine the eight contrasting items in one of the last of the Revenue Tables, published at the commencement of the new year. For, although it is true there will be found, from the particular table referred to, an aggregate increase upon the year in Crown Lands of £3,979, in Taxes (sot disant) of £60,000, in the Post-office of 12(10,000, in Excise of £211,060, in Stamps of £338.,055, and under the comprehensive head of Misci Thaneous of £537,157, altogether an increase upon , the year, under those six heads, of r 1,350,191— -in Customs alone there has been a decrease of £6l 5,000, and under the head of Propeity Tax a deo' 'lase in the year's income to the extent of no less than £1,298,000, the two together making a decrease within 1863 of nearly two millions sterling, £1,913,000. Hence the net decrease upon this twelvemonth of £562,809 hint dice lachrymcc. It ought, of course, to be borne especially in mind while attention is thus directed to the darkest figures upon the balance sheet for 1863, that the losses referred to are solely attributable to the reduc tion of the impost upon tea, and the diminution of the tax upon ineomes and property, reductions boldly ad ventured npon last year at the instance of the Right Hon. the Chancellor of the Exchequer. Only, again it ought be borne in mind, while saying this, that had the like been done by his antagonist, that is to say, supposing that Co►.servative opponent of his had been in power and had so regulated the affairs of the Exchequer in 1863 as to bring about this very result of a net loss upon the year of £562,809 sterling—certain are we, that the indignant eloquence of Mr. GLADSTONE would have been devoted towards the close of next March to the reprobation of such very rash proceedings on the part of an over busy, not to say, crotchetty and popularity-hunting Administrator. Nowhere is an especial regard to the good old axiom which urges us to look before we leap, more urgently advisable, than in the regulation of each and all of the innovations that may at any time be adventurei upon in the department of the Exchequer. Latterly the effort has been made, under the wise supervision of our master Financier Mr. GLADSTONE, the effort has been not by any means to so calculate the national incoming and outgoing as to have even the smallest reasonable prospect of a surplus, but on the contrary, and at all hazard, even with a war expenditure in a time of peace, to pare the income down, as it were, to the very quick. Not only has it been thus with us, in regard to the system of late years in vogue at the Treasury, even under the sagacious direction of that department by Mr. GLADSTONE ; but two other distinctive peculiarities of his policy as a financier do certainly, to our thinking, necessitate our regret, even if they do not actually demand our reprobation. To say that even Mr. GLADSTONE—not, observe, his often flouted and reviled antagonist, Mr. DISRAELI, but the great Financial Minister in Lord PALMERSTON'S two Administrations—to say that Mr. GLADSTONE is not a wilful and rash experimentalist in Finance would ba a bold assertion for anyone to make after the two perverse attempts (happily, both of them, quite futile) made by him this last year, that is, in his Budget of 1863, on the one hand, in the matter of the club licences, and on the other in his projected impost upon charitable endowments. Added to which, even !n regard to the abolition of duties hitherto levied upon a great variety of imports, of taxes levied upon this or that article of home manu facture, it bears an appearance of singular perversity to find him, as we do, dealing out remissions thus during the last few sessions—in regard to what imported commodities, in respect to what articles of home consumption ? In regard to the actual necessaries of life ? On the contrary, in respect to proverbial luxuries, to such luxuries, let us say, as playing cards, or as claret. Few of our social arrangements have been brought to greater perfection than our postage system, whether as regards extent, despatch, or regularity. Its punctuality and fidelity have become so much a matter of course, that we are hardly fully sensible of its value. We put our epistle through a little slit in a wall after affixing a little square of coloured paper, and then turn away perfectly con fident that the next morning will see it lying on our friend's breakfast table at Paris or Edinburgh, 014 been encore embarked on its voyage to Shanghae, or the antipodes, where we shall certainly reckon on its arriving at the appointed time. We experi ence considerable irritation and annoyance if, by a rare accident, a letter is lost while passing through the Post, yet we are continually despatching letters of business or friendship, books, papers, money orders, circulars, and a dozen other et ceteras, by its means, which reach their destination with the regularity of clockwork, without ever giving a thought to the labour necessary to keep this vast machinery in working order. If England were suddenly deprived of the Penny Post we should appreciate his excellencies to the full even in these days of good roads and railway communication, and every year, as the statistics on the subject inform us, the grand scheme of ROWLAND HILL is increasing in utility and success. It was a bold idea, but one based on a sound principle, which cast away all the old cumbrous and expensive regulations, and introduced Free Trade into our postage system. To rely on the support of the many instead of the patronage of the few, to look for profits to the number of the receipts instead of to their indivi dual amount, is fully in accordance with the spirit of our own day, but was a principle of commercial policy less generally accepted when ROWLAND HILL accomplished his grand reform. There were, of course, found many who decried the scheme and prophesied its utter failure—it is probable that its author himself did not foresee the extent of its suc cess. Since the first of those little red portraits of her Gracious Majesty was affixed to the cumbrous quarto epistle of those days there has been an in crease of 529,000,000 in the number of letters. Of course the great increase of our trade and commerce since that time has contributed largely to this re sult, as well as the introduction of the uniform rate of postage, bat that improvement has itself aided in stimulating and developing our commercial activity. The greater diffusion of knowledge, too, helps to increase the number, every year adding to the list of those who can read and write. The proportion of letters to each person is estimated at 24 in England, 19 in Scotland, and 9in Ireland. Of course such an average is merely theoretical, but it affords some test of national education nevertheless. Taken in this view we may reasonably hope that a few years will show a still greater proportionate increase in the quantity of letters posted, and less discrepancy between England and the sister country. The num ber is rapidly rising, 12,000,000 more letters having been posted in 1862 than in 1861, and doubtless the returns for 1863 will exhibit an equal advance. In the London district alone the number of letters now pcsted nearly doubles the postage of the whole United Kingdom before 1839. The addition of the Book Post, which has proved so great a convenience to the public, has of course largely increased the labours of the Post-office. No less than 14,000,000 such packets were delivered in 1362, while the trans mission of 73,000,000 newspapers, or half a million more than in the preceding year, testifies to the general eagerness for political knowledge. How ever mercenary; the exactitude of our London and provincial postage may be, the regularity of our ocean mail service is far more astonishing. A few instances of wonderful punctuality are mentioned in the report for 1862, such As the arrival of the mails from Sydney, distant 13,000 miles; from Calcutta, distant 8,000 miles ; :and from Hong Kong, distant 10,000 miles, on.a hour and ten minutes before the time when they were due. Others have arrived at the very moment calculated upon, and although, of course, tho wisest navigator S!.: LON 1) cannot reckon with absolute certainty on his arrival at a given time, without regarding wind or weather, such instances prove the high degree of skill and Efficiency to which our mail service has been brought, and increase the confidence generally felt in this department of the public service. Such efficiency is not maintained without cost and care. The number of steam vessels employed is 96, ex clusive of tenders. The largest of these is the Scotia, who is known for her quick passages, and has just accomplished a remarkably rapid transit from New York. Eight thousand officers and sailors are engaged in this work, besides 33 naval agents. The total staff of the Post-office amounts to 25,380 p ersons, its revenue in 1862 being esti mated at £3,777,304, and its expenditure at £2,540,363. It is truly a mighty machinery which is constantly in motion, and affords a substantial evidence of the energy and activity of our busy, political, commercial, and social life. With regard to the men engaged, it is satisfactory to find that the compulsory registration of money letters has greatly diminished the number of thefts by lessen ing the temptation, while the Post-office Savings Banks exhibit a wonderful success. The public owes something to these men, who, as a rule, dis charge monotonous and laborious duties with civility and punctuality, seeing that they are ex posed to all weathers in the pursuit of their calling, and that many of them have to undergo a good deal of fatigue and exertion in the transmission of the night mails. They deserve fair and liberal treat ment from the authorities, and such must prove in the end the wisest and most profitable policy, as securing a superior class of men for a very impor tant branch of the public service. Altogether, the Postmaster-General's Report for 1862 may fairly be considered a subject for general congratulation, as exemplifying the active life of the nation and the triumphant success attained by the practical application of enlarged and liberal views. Last Monday Mr. D. HILL, the Recorder of Bir mingham, in his address to the grand jury, made some most sensible and forcible observations upon the number of our criminals and the state of our criminal law generally. He complained that more than one-third of those arraigned at the present session had been previously summarily committed, and'in some cases no less than seven or eight times. While complimenting the magistrates for the mo deration and equity with which they have hitherto fulfilled their duties, he desired that further powers should be extended to them for dealing with minor cases which come under their jurisdiction, to the end that severer sentences than it is now in their power to inflict may be entrusted to them, so that the certainty of prompt and severe punishment might deter the evil disposed from misdemeanours. While we agree with Mr. HILL to a certain extent in extending the powers of the magistrates, we do so with this proviso, namely, that those who sit in judgment on others shall be themselves beyond re proach. If we wished to give a foreigner a speci men 'of English justice and fair play, we would invite him to one of our metropolitan police courts, presided over by one of our stipendiary magistrates, where he would see justice meted out at the dicta tion of law and combined. The very criminals prefer this off-handed settlement of their peccadil loes, and often plead guilty, to obtain the magis trate's sentence rather than chance their case before a jury. But would any sane man think of extending this power to county magistrates, gentlemen who hold their responsible positions not to their aptitude for business , or legal ability, but solely from a property qualifi caticn as it were, and who are in most cases depen dent on their clerks for the interpetration of the statutes. There are, no doubt, many exceptions to this list; but these rather prove the rule, than otherwise. Let the power of police magistrates be extended as far as may be deemed convenient to the public interest ; but, at the same time, let those invested with so responsible an authority as must in such a case devolve upon them, be men uninfluenced by local or personal interests. In short, let the pre sent county magistracy, as it exists, be abolished, and in its stead let stipendiary magistrates be ap pointed to every district throughout the country. This will entail, no doubt, an extra expense on the county rates in one form ; but, on the other hand, it will relieve them of much unnecessary expense occasioned by the prosecution of futile and petty charges at the sessions, which could have been dis posed of out of hand by a competent judicial autho rity in a primary investigation. It is high time that the administration of the law, to however small an extent, should not be left in the hands of game-pre serving country gentlemen, and others equally incompetent for legal jurisdiction. We trust that when further powers be granted to our magistrates, a strict revision may be made of those eligible to appointment. We would in future, so far as prac ticable, have stipendiary magistrates appointed by the Government to all important posts, and where it may not be convenient to appoint such persons that the individual in whom is vested a magisterial power shall be amenable to the stipendiary magistrate of his district. Mr. HILL animadverts upon all prison discipline and the general management of prisoners. He remarks that—" No man, no woman, can come out of gaol the same being he or she was when they went into gaol—they are either better or they are worse. If the discipline which the law has ap pointed, and which has been administered upon them, has not had the effect of preventing a repeti tion of their offences, why they must become more hardy, more ready to offend again; while they have gained experience, through the previous offences which they have committed, of how such offences are to be committed with safety. The consequence is, that they come out again with a greater determi nation to do wrong, and with greater power of doing wrong with impunity." We have on many previous occasionsexpressed our conviction that, if the reg'imen and discipline in prisons were more strict and severe, and the treatment of the inmates of workhouses more lenient and charitable, crime would be much reduced. A man may be driven to theft in the first instance by want, and from the impossibility of obtaining relief through the agency of the parochial circumlocution office. But once having entered on the course of crime, he gradually proceeds with that career which ulti mately renders him a charge to the country. In Mr. HILL'S remarks upon the crime of embezzle ment, the learned Recorder asserts that he is sorry to observe that it is on the increase, and he justly charges employers in general with aiding and abetting the offence by their over-confidence in untried servants, thus leading them into tempta tion, and he further maintained that while the criminality is on the part of the servant, there is too often imprudence on the part of the master, and the question naturally arises whether im prudence, which has for its result the fall from rectitude of a fellow-creature, is not to some extent tinctured with criminality. After dilating upon the relations of master and ser vant in general, Mr. HILL remarked that he frequently observed that persons are often put in trust of money by their masters, as stewards to receive debts for them, and in various ways to handle their master's money, who could not Tea amiably be supposed to hays ,the requisite caution IN, FRIDAY EVEMAG, JANUARY 1, 18(4 which every person ought to have- who is clothed with such a trust. We perfectly agree with the learned Recorder in these opinions; we hold that a man who has the power of preventing the per petration of a crime, and fails to do so, is, in reality, an accessory to that crime before the fact, and that to place temptation in the way of a servant is a crime, both moral t►nd social. It were well if other of our able and learned Judges would deliver such practical and homely truths in their addresses to the Grand Juries in general. We are satisfied that words, like those of the learned Recorder of Birmingham, can never fall unheeded. WHO'S WHO IN 1864. ..-___-.... The sixteenth annual issue of this handiest of little guide books comes to us in the very nick of time, on the evening of the 31st of December, thereby enabling us duly to announce its publica tion on this Ist of January. The information com pacted together within it, is, as:usual, wonderfully comprehensive in its range, and it is yet more won derfully accurate in its details. The work of revision appears to have been carried down to the very latest date, in any way practicable before the actual date of the book's publication. Hence, at page 99, among the list of the Judges in England, we find, duly certified the recent appointment of Mr. Ser geant Shee (now Mr. Justice Shee, soon probably to be Sir WILLIAM SHEE), setat 59, to the Court of Queen's Bench. Altogether, by means of this admirable little table-book of refer ence, we learn, among other things, that the House of Peers at present consists of 1 Prince, 2 Royal Dukes, 3 Archbishops, 24 Dukes, 30 Mar quises, 159 Earls, 30 Viscounts, 27 Bishops, and 159 Barons. But as the Bishop of Bath and Wells sits also as Baron Auckland, the total number of Peers met be set down at 434. There are besides this 2u Peers who are minors, and 14 Peeresses in their own right. There are 113 Peers, moreover, of Scotland and Ireland (of whom 6 are minors), who are not Peers of Parliament. There are 213 members of the the Privy Council, the Archbishops,Bishops, Colonial Bishops,Bishop s of the Scotch Episcopal Church, and retired Bishops numbering 94. There are 855 Baro ' nets, 468 Civil and Military Knights, 106 Noble men and Baronets who are Knights of the various Orders ; 730 Companions of the Order of the Bath ; 5 Field Marshals, 498 Generals in the Army, 398 Generals in the Indian Army, 330 Admirals in the Navy, and 156 Queen's Counsel and Sergeant.at law. In addition to which notable statistics it may be interesting also to particularise the following pecularities mentioned in "Who's Who" in refer ence to The Ages of the Nubility :—The oldest Duke is the Duke of Cleveland, aged 75; the youngest, the Duke of Norfolk, aged 16. The oldest Marquis, the Marquis of Westmeare, aged 78 ; the youngest, th e Marquis of Ely, aged 14. The oldest Earl (since the death of the Earl of Carlemont, on 26th December, aged 88), is the Earl of Stair, aged 87 ; the youngest, the Earl of Charleville, aged 11. The oldest Viscount, Vis count Combermere, aged 90; the youngest, Vis count Downe, aged 19. The oldest Baron is Load Brougham, aged 85; the youngest, Lord Rossmore, aged 12. The oldest member of the Privy Council is Viscount Combermere, aged 90; the youngest, the Prince of Wales, aged 22. The oldest member of the House of Commons is General Hon. Sir Hugh Arbuthnott, member for Kincardineshire, aged 84; the youngest is the Hon. Charles R. D. H. Tracy, member for Montgomery, aged 23. The oldest Judge in England is the Right Hon. Stephen Luehington, aged 81 ; the youngest Sir James P. Wilde, aged 47. The oldest Jndge in Ireland is Chief Justice Lefroy, aged 87 ; the youngest Justice, Keogh, aged 46. The oldest Scotch Lord of Session is the Lord Justice General, aged 70 ; the youngest, the Lord Justice Clerk, aged 53. The oldest Archbishop is the Archbishop of Canter bury, aged 69; the youngest, the Archbishop of York, aged 44. The oldest Bishop is the Bishop 1,1 Exeter, aged 86; the youngest the Bishop of Glou cester and Bristol, aged 44. The oldest Colonial Bishop is the Bishop of Toronto, aged 84; the youngest, the Bishop of Nassau, aged 37. The oldest Baronet is Sir William W. balling, aged 89 ; the youngest, Sir George R. Sitwell, aged 3. The oldest Civil or Military Knight is General Sir Arthur B. Clifton, aged 91; the youngest, Sir Chas. T. Bright, aged 31. ",Le Correspondant." 25 Decembre, 1863. Charles Douniol, A conclusion, to our regret, isibrought at last, in * this current number of Le Correspondant, to the wonderfully eloquent and comprehensive letter in which, addressing himself to one of his diocesans, the noble genius of the Bishop of Orleans, Felix Dupanloup, discourses upon" The Studies of a Man of the World." The third instalment of this great epistle, with the close of which the whole argument as we have said, is brought to an end, is in many respects superior, both in depth of thought and in eloquence of language, to its two predecessors. Having had the Letter brought under our considera tion in this serial form, merely piecemeal, we shall hardly rest satisfied in its regard until we have seen the three portions of it collected together, and published separately, as if must inevitably be published as an independent livraison. It is among the very happiest of the effusions of the illustrious Dupanloup. One of the most searching reviews in the whole of this parti cularly varied number of Le Correspondant, is also one of the most readable contributions to it, namely, M. A. de Portmartin's paper, entitled" Le Theatre, 1863," a paper in parts, as one may say, swar min g with diablerie. De Barante, of the French Aca demy, has a most impressive argument—as learned as it is w e ll- t i me d —simply but strikingly headed ;this age o f R enans and Colensas "De la Rivelation." We ara4. hardly sa ti s fied with the prevailin g t one o f t h e general article At the close of the number in reference to the Events of the Month. It is, in parts so hopeless—almost, at times, so cynical. However, in this it is exceeded amongst ourselves here in one or two quarters—such, for example, just now, in the instance of Blackwood, where stalwart old Ebony seems more then half inclined to turn alarmist. GARIBALDI'S RESIGNATION. We find in the Italia of Turin of Tuesday last the following letter from Garibaldi to the President of the Chamber of Deputies : " Caprera, Dec. 21, 1863. " Mons. and Very Honourable President of the Chamber of Deputies, Turin,—For reasons which you will learn by the enclosed letter addressed to my constituents at Naples, I have believed it right to resign my post of deputy in this Parliament. In the conviction that the Chamber will accept my resignation without delay, I have the honour to declare myself, with respect, Mons. and Very Hon ourable President, yours, " G. GARIBALDI." The letter addressed to the electors of Naples, referred to above, is as follows : " Caprera, Dec. 21. "To my Constituents at Naples,—When I saw 229 deputies of the Italian Parliament confirm by their vote the sale of Italian soil, I had the presen timent that I should not long remain in the assem bly of those men who blindly tore asunder the limbs of the country which they were called to reconstruct. However, the counsels of friends, the hope of repara tory events, and an unshaken sentiment of devotion towards my constituents, kept me at my post. But now, when I see succeeding to the sale of Nice the shame of Sicily, which I should be proud to call my second country by adoption, I feel myself, electors, compelled to restore to you a commission which enchains my conscience and makes me indirectly the accomplice of the faults of others. It is not only the affection which I owe to Sicily, the coura geous initiator of so many revolutions, but the thought that they have wounded in her the right and the honour in compromising the safety of all Italy, which has led me to take this resolution. There is, however, nothing in this which will pre vent me from finding myself with the people in arms on the road to Rome and Venice. Adieu.—Yours, a, GARIBALPL" LATEST INTELLIGENCE. [REUTER'S TELEGRAM.] NEW ZEALAND, MELBOURNE, Nov. 25. (By Telegram from Sez.) Advices from New Zealand announce that the war is proceeding. The natives are said to be evacuating their stronghold. CHINA AND JAPAN. SHANGHAI, Nov. 25. Major Gordon's steamers, the Firefly, has been seiz©d by rowdies. Affairs in Japan are more pacific. Prince Satsuma has proposed, by way of settle ment, to pay an indemnity and erect a mausoleum to Mr. Richardson, and otherwise to atone for his death. CALCUTTA, CHINA, AND AUSTRALIAN MAILS. The Candia, which left Calcutta on Dec. 9, reached Suez on the night of the 30th idem. SUEZ, DEC. 30. The Messageries Imperiales steamer, Cambridge, with the above mails, 76 passengers, and 412 bales of silk arrived here to-day. AMERICA. SOUTHAMPTON, JAN. 1. The North German Lloyds' steamer Bremen, from New York on the 19th inst., arrived off the Needles at 9.45 a.m. to-day. THE CALCUTTA, CHINA, BOMBAY, AND MAURITIUS MAILS, JANUARY L The Valetta, Ripnn, and Ceylon left Alexandria with the above mails at 7 a.m. yesterday, having been detained in port 40 hours by bad weather, The Valetta may be expected at Marseilles about the 6th, and the Ripon and Ceylon at Southampton about the 13th inst. FRANCE. BOURSE, Dec. 31.—The market shows rather more firmness, but without much change as regards the amount of business. The reponse de primes (option) was made at 66f. 40c., at which price Three per Cents. now stand. Railway Market quiet, but with prices in general maintained. The market improved towards the close, and left off as follows : 41 per Cents .. 91 40 Da. end month.... 3 per Cents Do. end month 66 50 Credit 1645 Do. end month 1046 25 Bank Shares 3280 Credit F oncier Roman RA ILI ' Italian Loan 7l 90 Do. end month 7l 65 New ditto Do. end month — Russian Austrian .. — Spanish Threes — Home Debt Deferred 'AY% Cash. Account. 976 25 .. 975 975 975 Orleans Northern .... New ditto Lyons and Mediterranean New ditto S Tathern Western Eastern .... Sardinian Austrian Lombard .. North of Spain Saragossa Ditto to Barcelona 931 25 .. 930 - 890 - - - 677 50 .. 682 50 510 - - - 475 - 476 25 397 50 396 25 401 25 401 25 520 - .. 520 - 517 50 .. 517 50 615 - .. 615 - 298 75 .. 300 THE SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN QUESTION. FRANKFORT-ON•THE-MAINE, Thursday. The note of the 27th inst., which Sir Alexander Malet, the Ambassador of Great Britain in this city, has addressed to the Federal Diet on the Schleswig-Holstein question, and which was re ferred to the Holstein Committee in yesterday's sitting, is couched in the following terms : " In consequence of instructions from the Govern ment of her Britannic Majesty the undersigned has the honour to communicate to his Excellency Baron Von Kubeck, president of the Federal Diet, a copy of the London Treaty of May 8, 1852. The under signed has the honour to request his excellency to lay this treaty before the Assembly of the Federal Diet. The undersigned is at the same time in structed to remark that the High Federal As sembly will observe that by the treaty of France, Great Britain, Russia, and Sweden agreed to recog nise King Christian IX. as the successor to ail the possessions held by hi. Majesty the late King of Denmark. This recognition has already taken place by all these Powers. The undersigned is, therefore, instructed to point out that if the Federal Assembly by any over hasty steps enters upon a course opposed to the London Treaty serious complications might result. " The undersigned is further instructed to notify to his Excellency the President of the Federal Assembly that the Government of her Britannic Majesty is ready to discuss these subjects in a con ference which should assemble at any place that might be agreed upon, and in which all the sub scribers of the London Treaty, and a representative of the German Confederation should take part. " The undersigned avails himself of the oppor tunity of this communication to his Excellency the President of the High Federal Assembly to state the assurance, &c. (Signed) ~ A. MALET." AN ORIENTAL KHAN. An Oriental khan is not an inn as we use this word in the language of London, Sydney, and New York; a place where you find good food and a clean bed, an obliging hest, a cheery welcome, and a heavy bill. Such things are not of the East. A khan is a fort and a mart; a refuge from thieves; a shelter from the heat and dust; a place where a man and his beast may lodge, where a trader may sell his wares, and a pilgrim may slake his thirst. In the meat ancient days, before Abraham had yet led his sheep out of Haran and pitched his tents in the plain of Moreh, the khan was 3 sheikh's house or tent, the best place in the town ; for the chief had everywhere in the East a right to receive, to rob or to protect the strangers who came among his tribe. Where there was no sheikh's house or tent, as in desert roads and in lonely glens, the khan was no more than a camping ground for the merchants and way farers passing through the land. In Hebrew, the word means a lodging for the night. When this lodging for the night was not in a sheikh's house or tent, it was always near a spring, a well, or a run ning stream ; nearly always in the shade of a goodly tree, or a group of trees ; to wit, under the oak at Hebron, or beneath the palms of Jericho. But in course of time, the predatory Bedawin bands must have caused this open field to be protected by a fence, either of a prickly plant or of a heap of stones, and a porter appointed to keep the gate. Such was that rude inn by the wayside from Egypt into Canaan at which Joseph's brethren slept for the night when they found the money in their sacks and were sore afraid ; such that other in at which Zipporah, moved by the Lord's threatenings, took up the sharp stone and circumcised her first-born son. This kind of lodging for the night, or shelter from the heat of noon, may be seen at this day in its most simple form, at Abu Gosh, that robber's den which stands on the site of what once was Kirjatiejearim, one of the resting places of the ark. It is a field with a fire tree for shade, a stone screen for protection, and a spring near by for drink. The wall has no gate, and the lodger, who hopes to stretch his limbs in peace, or enjoy his dinner of bread and grapes, has to leap the fence. Once within the wall, he is safe from the fiery smiting of the sun, from the trampling feet of the camels, and in some degree from the pilfering fingers of Abu Gosh. The Duncan, 81, screw line-of , battle ship, of 3,727 tons and 800 hot se power (nominal) of engines, is expected to be commis.Qioned this morning at Portsmouth by Capt. Gibson for the flag of Sir James Hope, K.C.8., the future Com mander-in-Chief on the North American and West India station, THE NEW YEAR'S DAY, (From Me January Number of "London Society.'') Of all days in the year, Partisians think roost of New Year's Day—possibly because it is new. L'an est wort. Vive Pan! This first day is essentially a day of costume—a day fcr brilliant bonnets, glossy bats, varnished boots, perfume and cosmetique. Dressed, brushed, oiled, waxed, and gloved, Monsieur first pays his service to the Emperor. The ap proach to the Tuileries is a great sight, and philosophical must be that civilian who does not feel himself utterly crushed and humiliated by the neighbourhood of the gorge ous uniforms around him. The white stone buildings of the Rue do Rivoli form the background form a military tailor's paradise. And how happy are the militaires inside the uni forms. How they feel that they are the show, that the world is looking at them, and that the occasion is their own. How complacently they sport their medals, and what a quantity they carry of those certificates of valour. The corpulent old gentleman in a cocked hat, now waddling across the road, carries an enormous weight of metal. First there is his gorget—that queer bit of brass that reminds one of the labels round the neck of bottles, still found in some old country houses, on which the word port or sherry is engraved, Then there is his sword, which is pendant from a wonder ful complication of straps and buckles; and as for medals, the man must have fought victoriously in every battle since Pharsalia. Yet he is modeat, though he wears large scarlet trousers, and sucks a bad cigar with the bonhownie of a bourgeois. A French soldier is happier in scarlet trousers than in those of any other colour. In blaek, blue, green, or gray, he may exist ; in scarlet he lives. More costumes tramp and glittter by; soldiers, soldiers and soldiers; then, for variety, some officers of Marine ; soldiers again. Russians, haughty, elegant, and furred; magnificent Circassians, men whose bearing indicates their habit of looking down upon the world from mountain tops ; and more cocked hats, swords, and scarlet trousers, Look on, Parisians, and admire, for your army deserves it at your eyes. It is for this they stormed Alma, fought In kerman, flooded Solferino, and pocketed Pekin. Viva la France I Vive le Tricolor, and Vive la Gloire On ordinary days only so many beggars are allowed to solicit alms, and they hold a permission from the police. On New Years' -day there is a fine trade in mendicancy, and at every tenth step you hear a beggar—but they are never obstinately importunate as English beggars are. Many of them bring out an old organ, that can sound only six notes, and turn the handle as they chant a dismal song, and the sight is touching to the stranger—the resident, who knows that these useful properties are safely stored, to bo brought out once a yea', is not moved by the sight. They are a singular race, the beggars of Paris, and would make an interesting study. One girl, of about 12 years, asked alms of me in French, English, German, and Italian. I discovered that in the last three languages she could only ask alms, that she had a quick eye for a foreign face, and seldom begged of her compatriots. Among the huts that dot the Boulevards, there is the usual crowd hustling each other with undisturbable good humour. There are toys to more than realize the maddest fancies of imaginative childhood.' Cigarres a la musique, serpents a la musique, and some wonderful little figures, three inches high, that "dance themselves," if placed on a piano, play the instrument, or thrum upon a table ; and they derive a motive power from the mere vibration. There are rabbits affected by every feeling and motion of which humanity is capable. Rabbits making love, rabbits jea lous, rabbits billing and cooing in honeymoon bliss, rabbits getting very tipsy, rabbits quarrelling, rabbits fighting duels, and rabbits borne away killed and wounded after a mortal encounter. Rabbits are depicted suffering all the inconveniences of an artificial civilisation, and frogs are also shown loving, fighting, drinking, dying, and the rest. Human nature is mimicked everywhere with a strangely weird and terrible fidelity. The dolls are wonderful. Dolls dressed a la Pompadour, with blue satin hoods and spectacles, and an expression of face that says plainly, " I am a doll-grandmother." Dolls seated cn thrones, a • " gorgeous canopy" above their heads, and a mein of per fect majesty upon their waxen brows. Then there are dolls in uneasy circumstances—dolls that, to use the term by which the French politely imply poverty, "art not happy." There is a brilliantly-complexioned young fellow in a blouse —a he-dell of the people—asking a young woman of the people, in a head-dress like an exaggerated extinguisher or ornamented fool's-cap, to dance with Lim. From the limpid look of her eyes we know that she will answer " Oui," and smile and curtsy graciously. Close by is a Breton doll, a sturdy fellow, with a rough outside but a warm heart with in, his musette in his hand. The group was so perfect that I turned away, or I should have doubtless heard the Breton strike up the zing• zing of the musette, and seen the young couple foot it to the music, as only French folks, intoxicated with sugared water and gooseberry syrup, can foot it. How happy must these dolls make their fortunate pos sessors, and how happy must be the little darling whose grandpapa, that worthy old bourgeois, has just presented her with a New-Year's gift. The tastes of children are alike all over the world. Girls love something to pet, love, and fondle, comb, wash, above all, dress and—crowning glory and power of motherhood —put to bed. Boys prefer an article with which they can do mischief—a sword, a gun, or a cannon—they like de. struction—anything that smokes or smells like gunpowder. As a young friend of mine eb:erved on a sth of November, "If fireworks are so nice, what must a battle be ?" Naval and Military Intelligence. THE NAVY. Yesterday Mr. J. Stansfeld. M.P., the junior Lord of the Admiralty, accompanied by Mr. H. W. R. Walker, the auditor of dockyard accounts, commenced the official in quiry into the system of management and other matters connected with the dockyard and naval establishments at Chatham, preparatory, it is understood, to some important changes being shortly introduced into the management of the Royal dockyards. Mr. Stansfeld, who arrived at the dockyard on Wednesday, was occupied during the day in visiting, in company with Capt. Stewart, C. 8., superinten dent of the dockyard, the various establishments into the management and working of which he instituted numerous inquiries. All of them had more or less reference to the important question of labour, the eoonomisation of which throughout the whole of the dockyards appears to be one of the leading objects sought to be attained by this com mission of inquiry. It is exactly in this direction that the greatest reform is needed, There is no one in the least degree acquainted with the system at present followed in the public dockyards as compared with private esta blishments, who can fail to be struck with the para mount necessity existing for some sweeping alterations, in order to produce results mere commensurate with the vast outlay required for their support. During Wednesday Mr. Stansfeld visited the iron frigate Achilles, fitting for sea, on board which there are upwards of 1,000 mechanics and other hands employed, and personally inspected the arrangements made for the due supervisiop. of that large body of workmen. Yesterday he devoted his attention to the system of management at each of the principal depart ments of the dockyards, with the heads of which he held lengthened conferences. It is understood that the investi gation at Chatham will extend over several days. Instructions have been received at Chatham Dockyard for a new description of target to be constructed at that estab lishment, under the direction of Mr. Baskcomb, one of the foremen, who superintended the erection of the Warrior and Bellerophon target, recently experimented upon at Shoe buryness. The target is to represent a section of the side of Mr. Reed's new wooden iron-clad frigate the Lord War den, the keel for which has just been laid down at Chatham Dockyard, and in the construction of which several impor tant improvements over the wooden armur-clads already built are to be introduced. One of these is the erection of an iron skin of li-inch iron throughout a certain length of . et uaualao. -rue result of tue experiments to 150 made on the target will, however, determine the form of construction, which will ultimately be tarried out in the Lord Warden, but the Lords of the Admiralty have already decided that she shall be plated for a certain length and height with plates of a greater thickness than those bolted to the sides of the Royal Oak, Caledonia, and the other iron clads. The contract for upwards of 1,000 tons of armour plating for the Lord Warden has been taken by Messrs. J. Brown and Co., of Sheffield, and the first delivery of plates will shortly arrive at the dockyard. In the construction of the Lord Warden an important improvement will be made by Mr. Reed in the placing of a powerful battery of heavy guns at the bow of the ship—an improvement which has been altogether overlooked in every vessel of war hitherto built in this country. Upwards of 500 cases of small arms, containing in the aggregate 12,000 stand of arms for the naval and land ser vice, have been landed at the Ordnance-wharf, Chatham, from the War department transports Bomarsund, Thames, and Henry, and deposited in the arsenal. The repairs to the paddlewheels of the new Royal yacht Alberta have been taken in hand at Portsmouth dockyard, in order that she may renew and complete her official trials of speed under the supervision of the Admiralty authorities. On her partial trial of the 26th inst. her wheels gave way under the enormous power developed by her engines, the indicator card diagrams exhibiting an exerted power of nearly 1,200 horse, the nominal power of the engines being only 160 horse. The tonnage of the Alberta is, according to the official Navy list, 391. Her Majesty's steam sloop Mutine, Capt. Graham, in basin at Woolu ich, is ordered to be paid out of commission on Tuesday next. The Hector, iron ftigate, at Portsmouth, it is expected, will be commissioned in about a week. It is stated that some of the weights are to be removed out of this ship to enable her to float lighter in the water. Commodore Hugh Dunlop, C. 8., the newly-appointed Commodore-Superintendent of 'Woolwich dockyard, will enter upon the duties of his new appointment, in succession to Rear-Admiral Sir F. Nicolson, C.B. (on the retired list), this morning. Commodore Dunlop, together with his pri vate secretary (Paymaster Ponsonby) and staff, hss engaged a suite of appartmeuts as their temporary residence, during the six weeks allowed to his predecessor for removal, at Mr, Sloman's Royal Ship Hotel, opposite the Commodore's official residence, at the entrance of the dockyard at Wool- r with, tirtulat HER MAJESTY. OSBORNE, Dec: 31. The Queen, the Princess of Wales, Princess Louise, and Prince 3.3 Beatrice drove out yesterday morning. Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. D. de Ros attended on horseback. The Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred went out shooting . Earl - Russell and the Right Hon. T. MilrTer Gibson arrived yesterday, and had audiences of her Majesty. Earl Russell had the honour of dining with the Queen and Royal family. The Duchess of Hamilton is expected to return to Brighton to-day or to-morrow. The Marquis of Bristol and the Ladies Hervey are expected to visit Brighton in the early part of the pre sent month. Viscount and Viscountess Grey de Wilton have arrived in town from Melton Mowbray. Lord and Lady Wharncliffe have left town to attend the funeral of Viscountess Boyle. Lady W. Russell, who has been indisposed, has improved in health since her return from Paris. The Right Hon. Charles P. Villiers has return ed to town from Osborne. Miss Alicia Campbell (only sister of the late Lovd Clyde )es pired at her residence, on Stanhope-terrace, Hydi park, yesterday morning. PRINCE ARTHUR. --His Royal Highness Princ e Arthur, attended by Major Elphinstone, crossed from Osborne to Portsmouth yesterday morning in the roy: il yacht Fairy, Captain his Serene Highness the Prince Leiningen, and landed at the dockyard, from whence th Prince proceeded to visit Colonel Gordon, commanding th a Royal Engineers, His Royal Highness returned at three' o'clock in the Fairy to Osborne. Pius the Ninth and President Davis, La France publishes the following letters from Richmond to Rome, and from Rome to Richmond : " Richmond, Sept. 23, 1863. " Very Venerable Sovereign Pontiff—The letters which you have written to the clergy of New Orleans and New York have been communicated to me, and I have read with emotion the deep grief therein expressed for the ruin and devastation caused by the war which is now being waged by the United States against the States and people which have selected me as their president, and your orders to your clergy to exhort the people to peace and charity. lam deeply sensible of the Christian charity which has impelled you to this reiterated appeal to the clergy. It is for this reason that I feel it my duty to express personally, and in the name of the Confederate States, our gratitude for such sentiments of Christian good feeling and love, and to assure your Holiness that the people, threat ened even on their own hearths with the most cruel oppression and terrible carnage, is desirous now, as it has always been, to see the eud of this impious war; that we have ever addressed prayers to Heaven for that issue which your Holiness now desires; that we desire none of our enemy's possessions, but that we fight merely to resist the devastation of oar country and the shedding of our best blood, and to force them to let us live in peace under the protec tion of our own institutions, and under our laws, which not only ensure to every one the enjoyment of his temporal rights, but also the free exercise of his religion. " I pray your Holiness to accept, on the part of myself and the people of the Confederate States, our sincere thanks for your efforts in favour of peace. May the Lord preserve the days of your Holiness, and keep you under his divine protection. (Signed) "JEFFERSON DAVIS, "President of the Confederates States of South America." To this the Pope replied in the following letter "Illustrious and llonozrable President, salute,- tion.--We have just received, with all suitable welcomes, the persons sent by you to place in our hands your letter dated 23d of September last. Not slight was the pleasure we experienced when we learnt, from these persons and the letter, with what feelings of joy and gratitude you were animated, illustrious and honourable President, as soon as you were informed of our letters to our venerable brothers John Archbishop of New York, and John Archbishop of New Orleans, dated the 18th of October of last year, and in which we have with all our strength excited and exhorted these vener able brothers that in their episcopal piety and soli citude they should endeavour, with the most ardent zeal, and in our name, to bring about the end of the fatal civil war which has broken out in those countries, in order that the American people may obtain peace and concord, and dwell charitably to gether. It is particularly agreeable to us to see that you, illustrious and honourable President, an d your people, are animated with the same desires of peace and tranquillity which we have in our letters inculcated upon our no b le brothers. May it please God at the same time to make the other peoples of America and their rulers, reflecting seriously how terrible is civil war, and what calamities it endan gers, listen to the aspirations of a calmer spirit, and adopt resolutely the part of peace. As for us, we shall not cease to offer up the most fervent prayers to God Almighty that He may pour out upon all the peoples of America the spirit of peace and charity, and that Ho will stop the great evils which aflict them. We, at the same time, beseech the God of mercy and pity to shed abroad upon you the light of his grace, and attach you to us by a perfect friendship. " Given at Rome, at St. Peter's, the 3d of De cember, 1863, of our Pontificate 18. THE LATE MR, THACKERAY. (From the Atheneum.) A story, the result, we suppose, of some misappre hension, has been printed in the lounger's column of a weekly paper, to the effect that the name of William Makepeace Thackeray had been proposed for the vice-presidency of the National Shakspeare Com mittee, and had been rejected by a large majority As this story has found its way into other journals, it is ()my respectful to the dead to explain that no such fact has occurred. Mr. Thackeray's claims to a place among the vice-presidents of the National Shakspeero Committee have never been raised, and of course they have never been discussed. This is the simple truth. Some months ago a circular invita tion was sent to the author of " Vanity Fair," as to many other eminent persons. By some mischance or oversight, no answer was returned. A few weeks later the committee, as a mark of honour to Mr. Thackeray, passed a resolution that a special invi tation should be forwarded to him ; which invitation was duly written and sent by the secretary of the day, acting for the general Secretary, who was then absent from Europe. At the next meeting of the committee, a member proposed that yet another special invitation should be sent. A gentleman who had taken an active part in voting the previous invitation, rose to inquire whether the reply to it had been received; and on it being said that the answer had not yet come to hand, the chairman explained to the member who proposed sending a third invitation pending the receipt of an answer to the second, that it would be better to wait for Mr. Thackeray's reply. This being the apparent sense of a meeting nearly sixty strong, the proposer of the third invitation seemed to acquiesce; and no one imagined that by adopting a course so decent the great humorist's claims would be in any degree put in doubt. Subsequently, however, the member pressed his motion, which, on being put to the vote, was supported by no more than nine; the great majority considering it, not improper, but merely ill timed. These are the whole of the actual feats. We venture to say that the gentlemen who voted against this injudicious motion were Mr. Thackeray's true friends—those who felt most strongly his claims to a high place on the committee, and who counted most confilently on his co-operation. DE TOCQUEVILLE says that "a newspaper is the only instrument that can drop the same thought into a thou• eand minds at the same moment." by ro do.