The Sun. — London, England, 1864-06-16 00:00:00

ARMS TRO: :TWORTH. The competition between the 12-pounder field guns of these rival artillerists is fast approaching a conclusion. The greater part of the programme has been gone through, and the Special Committee feel their labours sufficiently advanced to comme'ace practice with the 70-pounders. It would leave saved much time and trouble if these latter had been taken first, for, es we have often stated, the principle of rifling and manufacture which suffices for a large gun will, as a matter of certainty, be enough for a small one; bat what insures accu racy and endurance in a 12 pounder may by no means answer in a 70 or even a 40 pounder. Thus, then, now that the trials of the field guns are draw ing to a close, and some result may be expected from the competition—though not a very marked or decided result in guns which have kept so close throughout—the dictum of the committee, what ever it may be on the light guns, will still want the final confirmation which only the trials of the heavy guns can give. Neither Sir William or Mr, Whitworth would derive the slightest benefit from being declared the undisputed victor in this field gun contest, if they failed to maintain the same supremacy when their principles were developed by application to large ordnance,: It is a large shell-carrying, armour-plate piercing, rifled gun which is now wanted, and the competitor who best supplies this deficiency will win the honours of the contest, though, commercially speaking, the de feated competitor will carry off the point. Both Sir William and Mr. Whitworth have received over tures from almost every important Government to be supplied with their ordnance. Not a single Armstrong gun has gone abroad, though the Whit. worths have been freely supplied to various coun tries, who are certain now eagerly to compete for the possession of whichever of the two is second best in this trial, for, of course our own Government will keep the best for themselves. Though, as we have said, the result either way is not likely to give any very marked superiority to any gun, yet it will be sufficient to show the public which is the best, and enough is known of the artillery of other countries to make the Government feel certain that the best gun of these three is sure to be better than any we yet know of. Upwards of 2,500 rounds of shot and shell have now been fired from each of these ordnance or rather more than three times the number of rounds which would be sufficient to destroy the old brass smooth bore field piece. Each of the guns, of course, shows signs of wear—in fact, the wear commences with the first shot fired, and with accurate measurement may be regularly traced after every 100 rounds. The breech-loader, perhaps, shows as little signs as any. Its powder chamber at the base of the shot is en larged, and that part of the programme which in volved the bursting of a certain number of shells in the gun as it was fired has in one or two placed serrated the edges of the rifling ; but this is all, and Sir William expresses himself confirm dent that in endurance it will be equal to any. This gun, it will be recollected, shot comparatively ill at the commencement of the trials ; and cer tainly so much worse than any other common breech-loader of the same pattern in the service as to make its performances quite unaccountable to the officers at Shoebury. The lead coating of the projectile was always stripped backwards, so as to form a concavity almost the size of a teacup at the base of the shot or shell; and this, of c ease, was most detrimental to its accuracy, and was what had never been observed to take place in any other guns of almost the same kind. During the last two or three weeks, however, this peculiarity has entirely disappeared; the shooting has steadily continued to improve till the accuracy of the piece is now equal to any of the three. These strange changes, which were unaccountable at first, have lately received a very simple solution. All the service breech-loaders are made of welded wrought iron coils, and the severe proof to which they are subjected before passing Woolwich used to enlarge the powder chamber about the 500th of an inch. This competition gun, however, has been made with an inner tube of steel, which did net enlarge at once on firing; hence the nip the lead -coated pro jectile received on starting, which stripped the softer metal back like a cup, and afizeted its aeon racy of flight most seriously. But during the long course of rounds to which it has been subjected the steel tube has yielded gradually, as the wrought iron one would have done at once. The powder chamber is now enlarged to what may be called its proper diameter, there is no stripping hick of the lead, and the accuracy of the piece, especially with shell,ia as perfect as could be wished. The condition of the grooves of the shunt gun is as perfect as the day it was first fired. There are, however, traces of considerable corrosion or guttering in the powder chamber at the base of the shot, which has roughed the interior surface of the gun at this particular part. The metal, instead of being clean and smooth, resembles morocco leather in the labyrinth of minute channels into which it is worn. This wear appeared early in the gun from the want of a wad at the base of the shot to prevent the gases passing it on the ignition of the powder. Since the use of an oakum wad the progress of this '° guttering" has been re duced to a minimum, and there are no other marks appearing. Mr. Whitworth's gun has been several times revented—that is, the screw which contains the platinum touch-hole has been taken out and re pieced by a fresh one—an advantageous operation, which was always easily and quickly done. The crack in the metal, which early appeared near the vent, has extended in length, and slightly deepened. Beyond this the gun shows no signs of use. Thus, then, all three pieces have marks of wear and tear — the two Armstrongs giving tokens of the beginning of a gradual decay, which, as in the course of time, it slowly but surely progresses, must affect their accuracy, the Whitworth having a flaw the depth of which may ba immaterial, or, on the other hand, if serious, may at once affect the existence of the gun. _ The competition has now gained that stage that the shootirg for range and accuracy is entirely over, and only the extra and somewhat fanciful experi ments of turning into ditches, &c., rem a i n to be g one through. Some important experiments are bein g , and will continue to be, made as to the destructive effects of shell, &c., to which, as they progress, we shall in a few days have to refer at length. When these tests ara got over both Sir William and Mr Whitworth will be permitted to show the value of their pieces in any special or extraordinary manner they may think proper, after which they will bc fired with gradually increasing charges till they burst. The tests for range and accuracy which have been completed with the field-guns have been made with gradually increasing elevations, from point-blank range, at about 300 yards, up to 10 deg. of eleva tion, or 4,000 yards. At 4,000 yards the diminished resistance of the smaller and longer shot of Mr Whitworth enabled it to beat the Armstrong in length of range by nearly 400 yards, but as regards accuracy, the trial has been wonderfully close, if one may judge by the complete series of parallel°. grams which have been made out by the committee. These parallelograms, when seen on the tracings, show in inches the precise amount of superiority of every gun at every range, so that the most superfi cial glare is enough to show any one who can un derstand figures what the gain or loss of each piece has been at each stage of the competition. But though this is very easy to see on a tracing, it is by no means so easy to convey to the general reader a similarly clear impression in these columns, We shall, however, endeavour to do so, as the subject is one which ought to interest all, for every farthing of the expense of this most costly competition is defrayed by the public, who will be the ultimate gainers or losers, according as th e best gun is chosen or not. All the guns, when eumpeting for were carefully l a i d nnge and accuracy, by spirit level at precisely the same elevations, an d fired along a range which was marked with st a k es at every ten yards. Thus the spot in which every shot fell was measured to a foot, and its la'eral deviation right and left recorded with equal accuracy. If every gun had been an absolutely perfect and in fallible weapon, and had been fired in a vacuum, each would have thrown all its shot in precisely the same spot; bat as none, of course, are abso. lutely perfect. and as the flight of the projectiles was affected by the wind, it followed that the same gun fired at the same elevation, and with the some charge, threw its shot to the right or the left, longer or shorter, in a slight but still easily recog nisable degree. The difference between the shots which fell shortest and those which went furthest forms the length of the parallelogram, and the extreme difference between those which made the widest deviation from the true line of fire deter mines its breadth. All these parallelograms have been carefully reduced and drawn to scale side by side, so that the merits of each performance can be seen and ascertained by measurement. There have been 34 stages of the competition in all— namely, 12 with solid shot, 11 with segment shell, and 11 with common shell, and out of these trials, judging by the tracings, Sir William has won 14 times, has been second 11 times, and been third nine times. Mr. Whitworth's gun has won 13 times, has been second 10 times, and has been third 11 times. The breech-loader has been first seven times, has been second 13 times, and has been third 14 times. So far we have used the terms "firs, second, and third," as being the most conve• nient, but they really convey no proper idea of the relative sizes of the competing parallelograms, and we expect that the hardest task the committee has got will be to determine the figure of merit which shall properly assign the degrees in which each gun has been beaten at the different ranges, Thns in firing solid shot, which is its proper missile, Mr. Whitworth has sometimes won by making a paral lelogram only about one -t en th t h e s i ze of either of Sir Wil liam's; and, therefore, to call Mr. Whit worth's first, and Sir William's second and third in such a case, would not be at all fairly to represent the amount by which Mr. Whitworth had been vie , torious. On the other hand, in firing shell, which is the only missile now used in field service, and the only one which Sir William's guns were made to fire, both his weapons have won by making paralle lograms almost 50 times less than Mr. Whitworth's; and here, therefore, to call the Armstrongs first and second, and the Whitworth third, would be most unfair, looking to the manner in which in these competitions Sir William's has beaten Mr. Whit worth's gun. Again, if by another method we add up the areas made by the parallelograms of each gun, the result is almost equally unsatisfactory. In this case the areas of the parallelograms of ee.eh gun with solid shot and segment and COMMOD, shell would stand as follows : BREECH -LOADER ARMSTRONG, Solid shot . . • • Segment shell .. .. Common shell • . .• Sq. yds , 2,770 .. 2,001 2,099 Total e• •• 8. MUZZLE -LOADING ARMSTRONG. Solid shot .. .. Segment shell .. Common shell .. Total •• . , 9,128 Solid shot .. Segment shell Common shell WHITWORTH, Sq. yds, 1 - 9649 .. 3,940 .. 7,683 Total • • • • • • • . 13,523 It is not too much to say that this multiplication of areas gives the most illusory result of all, for accord ing to these figures the breechloader shoots the best of any, and twice as well as the Whitworth. which is exactly the reverse of the fact. The truth is that the breech-loader shoots very steadily, never making a vary large area of the space in which it drops its shots, and, except in the case of shell, never a very small one. The shunt gun is a far more accurate gun than the breechloader, and nearly all its areas are verysmall, but it has made one or two very wild shots with common shot, which bring up the area of its parallelograms, or, what volunteers will better understand, the area of its group, to a larger space than an inferior gun, the breechloader. The Whitworth has made beautiful practice with common shot, with which, as will be seen, it has made the smallest area of all; but, on the other hand, its range with common she;l has been monstrously- wild, making a greater area with them (7,653 yards) than all the areas of the breechloader put together. How the committee will determine what the figure of merit is it is impossible to say, but in fairness it oaght to be by some method which will show the number of degrees by which Sir Wil liam has won 14 times, Mr. Whitworth 13 times, and the breechloader seven times. Without some such guide the amount of difference between the prtormances of each piste would be inappreciable, and the real lesson to be derived from these costly experiments rendered almost worthless. Naval and Military Intelligence, A *War-office circular, embodying a royal war rant, laying down an important code of regulations relative to the pay and other advantages to the ten years' soldiers and others who may re-enlist on the completion of their period of limited service, has been promulgated at Chatham garrison for general information. The royal warrant cancels that dated Oct. 30,1861, which provided that a soldier taking his discharge and re-enlisting after the expiration of 12 months should only count half his former ser vice, and that soldiers purchasing their discharge and re-enlisting should, in like manner, count only half their former Bev. ice ; and that men who so re enlisted should be required to wait 12 months before being allowed any good-conduct pay of which they were in receipt before being discharged. The new royal warrant prescribes that all soldiers who may re-engage themselves on the completion of the first term of their limited engagement may be allowed to receive the value of a new kit, a bounty of £2, together with re -engagement money £l, and £1 gratuity, receiving at the same time a furlough for two months. Men who take their discharge and re-engage within 12 months will be allowed to count all their former service, instead of only one-half their service as heretofore. They will at the same time at once be allowed the good conduct pay of wnich they were in receipt at the time of their discharge. The same regulations are, at the same time, to apply to men who purchase their discharge and re-enlist. The troops serving in India, China, and New Zealand are to be allowed the sum of £5, in lieu of their two months' furlough, on re-enlist. ing on the expiration of their period of limited ser vice. Soldiers serving in the Mediterranean are to be allowed £3 gratuity, and, if they wish for a furlough, their passage to and from England will be defrayed by the Government, and two clear months allowed them in this country. A general parade of the whole of the officers and y m e e s n te o rday lftle Royal Engin eers was h e ld at Ch atham for the purpose of hearing read a compli mentary order which had been forwarded to Colonel W. D. Har ness, CB., by General Sir J. Burgoyne, G.C.8., Inspector-Ge neral of Royal Engineers, on the highly satisfactory manner in which the officers an d m en of the /loyal Engineers had acquitted tithemselv Chathes on tam. he ooc asion of th e l a t e siege opera- The first of the rei n for coefmesanvt:i ry proceedingartier ,artillery, a this ons at season to India, consisting Alurnba g h f or Madras. yesterday infantry, embarke w d as at ege G e r t a e v d es u e nna d er General E yre ' s board the chartered troopship The embarkation superin tendstaff,enfrcoemofcnthaethaomffi,cearnsdotfheMAajiuorra- bagh will take her departure from the Thames tomday. A War Department order was yesterday received in the Royal Carriage Department at Woolwich, to commence the manufacture of an experim ental wrought-iron gun carr i age , for working the heavy broadside guns on board ship. The designs have been supplied by the Board of Admiralty, uud were furnished by Commander Scott, attached to the flagship Fisgard at Woolwich. The sailing transport Transit, laden with 35,800 shot and shell, guns, carriages, platforms, &a., from Corfu, has arrived at Woolwich, and yesterday commenced discharging her cargo at the Royal Arsenal pier. The frieghtship Arabella has taken in 2,800 boxes of shot and other war stores at Woolwich, and sailed yesterday for Malta. The screw steam frigate Aurora, 35, Captain Sir F. Leopold 111 4 Clintock, from Ireland, arrived in Plymouth Sound yesterday morning. The iron -cased corvette Wolverine and the Re sistance and Enterprise rams left Yarmouth Roads on Tuesday for the north. It was understood that they were going northwards as far as Leith. The Louisa gunboat, in the first division of the 6,870 Sq yds, 3:042 4.306 1,770 THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JUNE 16, 1864. Sheerness Steam Reserve, has been appointed tender to the Trafalgar, 72, screw steamship, 2,700 tons, 500 horse power. Captain Charles F. Schomberg, coastguard ship at Queen's Ferry, in the Firth of Forth, in the place of the Mistletoe, now at Sheer ness, which requires extensive repairs. The half-yearly examination of engineers and assistant engineer students belonging to the factory, was held in the dockyard on Monday, Tuesday, and yesterday, under the superintendence of the Rev, Roland Wilson, dockyard chaplain, Mr W. Rumble, inspector of machinery afloat, and Mr R. S. Crock ford, instructor of engineers and engineer students at Sheerness. Fortyaflve engineer officers and 36 engineer students were present at the examination. Papers of questions prepared by the Rev. J. Wool ley, LL.D., one of her Majesty's inspectors of schools, were given in geography, English graoraar and composition, French, arithmetic, al&e:ora, geo metry, trigonometry, statics, dynamics, hydrosta tics, chemistry, and on the steam engine. The Lords of the Admiralty have ordered the Caledonia, 35, iron-cased screw steamship, 4,124 tons, 1,000 horse power, Mr Henry S, Ley, master in charge, now at Sheerness, to be taken to Ply mouth to be docked and brought forward for com mission in consequence of there not being a dock large enough to take the vessel at Sheerness. The Caledonia will leave Sheerness about the Ist of July. helpless honesty. I am amused when I hear foreign travellers wondering at the rashness of silversmiths and jewellers laying their wares so openly on the most crowded thoroughfares, and imagining how the eyes of the nimble-fingered gentry of other countries would gloat upon the glittering display, and how their mouths would water ! The Dane has no belief in thieving, and his faith makes him proof against. The Alabama and her Prizes, TO THE EDITOR OF Tar ilmEs. Sir,—Do m e the fa7 - unr to p u bli s h i n t h e T i mes the enclosed ee:Limunication, which I design as a reply to numerous assaults upon me by the English Pr,ss—not excepting an occasional " rumble" from yourselves —on the subject of my destroying priz es at sea without adjudic a ti on b y a Prize Court. The London Evening Sear and kindred negrophilist associates have been particularly virulent and abu sive. The term "pirate" is a favourite epithet with them ; but as abuse is always evidence of the weak ness of the cause in which it is employed, and as this little failing may be a sort of vocabulistic neces s themho pursue their p o lit e calling, perhaps ought not to quarrel with it. If hecourse enableofray remarks I have found it necessary to review 80133 e of the acts of your Govern n Will give me cre dit f or d o i ng and fair play, a n d no t w i t h this e r m i n e a n spiritt , o u f s justice u yon sne a disposition to be querulous or censorious. I have alleged no fact that will not be conceded, and if my reasoning upon the premises be sound, no harm can have been done to any one, sicce truth is never un. the reasoning b e unsoun d, j y u o s u t . have If, o the teh probe contrary, robe a c apel at ha n d.nd I am respectfully, &c., R. SEMMES, Capt, Confederate States' Navy. Confederate States' Sieamer Alabama, on the High Seas,April, 1864. THE REASONS 'WHY CO NFEDERATE CRUISERS BURN THEIR PRIZES, AND THE REMEDY. I had the honour to comroand the first vessel of war (the steamer Sumter) commissioned by the Confederate States in the present war, and, having successfully run the blockade of New Orleans and got to sea, it early became necessary for me to adopt some mode of disposing of my prizes. A blockade of the entire coast of the Confederate States had already been declared, and the enemy was busy in collecting and arming ships to enforce it ; and I presumed that in the course of a few months the blockade would be at least sufficient to keep out sail vessels, and of this class, with rare exceptions, it was probable my prizes would be. It was clear, therefore, that I should be effectually prevented from sending my prizes into the Confederate ports. Up to the time of my running the blockade (June 30, 1861) I had not seen her Britannic Majesty's Orders in Council pro hibiting the belligerents from bringing their prizes into British ports; and looking to the unequal oleration of such orders, I had strong hopes that none such would be issued. I made my first prizes on the coast of Cuba, and with a view to test the disposition of Spain in this matter I sent them —seven in number—into the port of Cienfuegos. Their arrival was telegraphed to the Captain-General at Havannah. The Captain-General was without instructions, the orders of neutrality of the Queen of Spain not yet having been received. The prizes were permitted to remain until these orders should arrive. The orders came, and the prizes were afterwards illegally handed over to the enemy, instead of being warned to depart. Spain, as well as France, had followed the lead of Great Britain, and in due time all the smaller commercial nations did the same. To show the objects I had in view in sending in these prizes, I quote below an extract from coy letter to the Governor of Cienfuegos : " The cargoes of several of these vessels are claimed, as appears by certificates found among the papers, as Spanish property. This fact cannot, of course, be verified, except by a judicial proceeding in the Prize Courts of the Confede rate States. But while this fact is being determined, what is to be done with the property ? I have the right to destroy the vessels, but not the cargoes, in case the latter should prove to be, as claimed, Spanish property; but how can I destroy the former and not the latter 1 1 I cannot before sen tence unlade the cargoes and deliver them to the claimants, for I do not know that the claims will be sustained; and I cannot destroy the cargoes, for I do not know that the claims will not be sustained. Indeed, one of the motives which influenced me in seeking a Spanish port was the fact that these cargoes were claimed by Spanish subjects, whom I am desirous of putting to as little inconvenience as possible in the unlading and reception of their property after sen tence, in case it should be restored to them," It will thus be seen that I was not only anxious to condemn my prizes, but to put neutrals to as little inconvenience as possible. It any prizes had been received into neutral ports, and permitted to remain there until they could be adjudi cated by our Prize Courts, sitting in our own territory, no possible inconvenience that I can perceive could have re suited to neutral nations, and the rights of every ono would have been secured—the right of the captor to the full benefit of his prize, and the right of the neutral claimant to adjudi cation. What inconvenience to Great Britain, for example., could possibly have grown out of the feet of a captured vessel lying quietly at her duck in the port of Liverpool in charge of a ship-keeper and prize agent until she mid be adjudicated ; and if he should be condemned, why could she not have been sold as quietly at public auction as if she had been seized and sold under an execution for debt ? It was my intention to follow the precedent set in the Cienfuegos case—of sending all my prizes into the most convenient ports for the parties concerned ; as, where there were English Claimants, into English ports; French claimants, into French ports, &c. ; but this intention was frustrated, as has been seen, by the orders of the Queen's Government—l say the Queen's Government, because that Government gave the cue which was followed by the other nations. By these orders I was deprived at the same time the right of asylum and sale of my prizes and of the power of adjudica tion. What course was expected of me under these circum stances ? 'Was it expected that I would abandon the right of capture altogether, or that I would be guilty of the child's play of capturing the enemy's ships with ono hand and releasing them with the other ? that, in short, I would retire from the high seas, and leave the enemy to pursue his commerce, his "innocent and peaceable commerce," as Mr Adams plaintively and naively calls it, without molestation ? If you did not suppose this --and I will not impute such folly to a people who not only know the value of commerce to a belligerent, but who have always annihilated the com merce of their enemies in their own wars—you must have know that I would destroy the enemy's ships in every case where it was possible. Why then do you complain of the course I pursued ? Was it just to force that course upon me, and then exclaim aganst it in pious horror ? Is this the kind of fair play upon which Englishmen pride tnemselves ? But your neutrality, you say, comp e ll e d you t o thi s course . Let us see how that is. Wh at i s neutrality ? Impartiality. Impartiality in form or app earance merely, or impartial i ty in substance ? When a nation is called upon in good faith to perform that most solemn act of declaring her impartiality between two belligerents is a mere jugglery of words all that is necessary, or must she look at the practical consequences of the rule she adopts. To this query there would seem to be but one answer. The rule must not only speak in the language of justice, but it must work out the ends of justice. Otherwise it is a sham and a deceit. Let us test the orders of British neutrality by this canon. On their face nothing could be more fair. Whatever is ordained as to the one belligerent is ordained as to the other. The prizes of both belligerents are prohibited from entering British waters. But when these orders were penned what facts and what consequences were in the mind of the Minister ? Did he or did he not know that he was dealing a staggering blow at the Confederate States a t th e same t i me th a t he w as playing i directly into the hands of the Federal States? Let us see It will be admitted that the two belligerents had the right to use against each other all the modes of warfare recog nised by the international code, and that no nation had the right to prohibit to either of them the use of any of those modes. Privateering was one of those modes, and the cir cumstances of the two parties to the war were such that this mode of offence was peculiarly valuable to the Confederate States. The Federal States had a large commerce and a very respectable navy, they having retained possession of all the ships of war of the old service, while the Confederate States had little or no commerce, and were just beginning to improvise a navy. (And here it may not be out of place to mention a fact highly creditable to the parties concerned —every ship of war in the command of a Southern naval officer at the date of the secession of his State was duly handed over to the Federal Government before the officer resigned his commission and returned to his State). A large proportion of the wealth of the Federal States con sisted in their commerce, and if this could be destroyed an important blow would be struck in the war. Tho Volun teer Corps of the sea—as legitimate as the Volunteer Corps of the land—was the most effective weapon with which to strike this blow, and accordingly in the first days of the war several privateers were commissioned, and others were being rapidly fitted out, when the Queen's orders appeared and knocked the whole scheme on the head. As if by magic, tho privateers which had already been com missioned disappeared from the seas, and all work was sus pended on those in course of preparation, and the little Sumter, afterwards assisted by two or three other small vessels, was obliged to undertake the task of destroying a commerce second only to that of Great Britain, and which covered every sea. The reason of the disappearance of these private armed ships is obvious. They are prepared at the cost of individuals, and depend upon their captures for success. If these cannot be made available the enterprise becomes abortive, and the capital invested in it is sunk; and they could not be made available by reason of the Queen's orders referred to denying them the right of asylum in British ports, the British Foreign Secretary well know ing that they could not be made available in the Confederate ports because of the blockade, the blockade having been proclaimed on the 16th April, 1861, and the orders in Coun cil not having been issued until the Ist of the following June. So far as results Were concerned the British Government might as well have said to the Confederate States, in the word of the Declaration of Paris, " Privateering is mid re mains abolished," although the said States were not bound by the said declaration, the United States, then the Federal mouthpiece, having declined to accede thereto before the war, There was no occasion for Mr Seward to endeavour to sneak into this declaration after the war, in the hope that by becoming a party to it Great Britain would illogically hold that the Confederate States, now acknowledged as bel ligerents, would be bound by the act of their enemy. The British Foreign Secretary knew his business better than this. With the most commendable sagacity he took care of his logic and his friend Mr Seward at the same time, and accomplished the object of the Federal Government by his orders in Council, without permitting its Minister to humi liate himself. This was one result of the declaration of neutrality—An y/ice partiality—put forth by Great Britain. But the mis chief did not end here. The Confederate States being com pelled to restrict their operations upon the high seas to their ships of war, those ships were also seriously embarrassed by this declaration. Their inability to adjudicate their prizes has already been referred to. As a consequence of this ina bility they could make no beneficial use of them. Not only so, they were compelled in many instances to release them on ransom bond for the benefit of neutrals—that is to say, to give neutral claimants of cargoes an opportunity after the war, when the bonds should be sued upon, to vindicate their claims in a court of justice, which opportunity their own Governments had denied to them during the war byrendering it impossible for them to gu before a Confederate price court. The release of these vessels operated strongly, too, in favour of the enemy. For it amounted to a loan to him of so - much property, of which ho had been rightfully deprived. with which to carry on the war—his bonds in the meantime being of no use to the captors, as it was impossible to col lect them until after the war. This double mischief, there fore, ensued in these bond cases—the enemy continued to carry on his commerce, and commerce to a belligerent is strength; while the captor's means, quoad the war, were not increased by his captures. The reader will now see why as few of these ships as possible were released on bond, the release being confined to those cases in.which an apparent bona file natural claim was presented on the face of pro perly prepared papers, Nevertheless, to show the good faith with which the captor must have acted towards neu trals in this matter, every ship destroyed by him was so much property destroyed against his own interest—for the ship being destroyed, no prize money could be realised, whereas the bond would be valuable to him at the end of war. And although it was to be presumed that every officer would, from a sense of duty, destroy as many of his prizes as possible, yet we see that at least he had no private inte rest to urge him to destroy them when there was a question of neutral rights, his leaning being, in fact, the other way. Tnis, then, is the working of those British orders in Council which, on the face of them, appear to be entirely unexceptionable. Stripping off the diplomatic disguise of language, which is so thin and transparent that the wonder is that it should have been resorted to at all with the hope i of concealment —more unjust, oppressive, and unneutral orders could not have been devised. It' the practical effect of these orders is euoh as I have stated, what excuse can be offered for adopting them ? Can it be said that no other course was open to the British Government under the laws of nations ? If so, that would be a sufficient excuse—for where a Government has no alternative it would certainly be unjust to bold it responsible for all the consequential damages of its acts. It might be said with truth, in reply to our com plaints, " We were obliged, under the laws of nations, re gulating and controlling our neutrality, to exclude your prizes from our ports ; and, if by reason of your inferior naval force, and the consequent blockade of your ports, the rule operates more harshly upon you than upon the enemy, that is your misfortune, not our fault." But the fact is, there is no such excuse to offer. It was, at least, equally as open to Great Britain to admit as to exclude our prizes, as I will now proceed to show. The practice of nations has been various on this point, and it rests in the discretion of each nation to admit prizes into its ports or to exclude them, as it may think fit. This seems to be the general understanding of the law on this question, although there is very respectable authority for the opinion that a nation cannot lawfully exclude the prizes of a belligerent without previous treaty stipulations to that effect.—" Loccenius de Jure Maritime," L '2, c4,s 7. As a general rule, belligerent nations have not favoured the carrying of their prizes into neutral ports, and the reasons are obvious, It is much more convenient for the prize courts that they should have the actual custody of the prize to be adjudicated. And the bringing in of prizes to the home ports gives the subjects of the captor an oppor tunity of dealing in prize property, an object of no small importance in a maritime war where many valuable captures are made. It gives the Government, too, the advantage of buying in such ship i as it may wish to equip for the purposes of war, an advantage of which the Federal States have frequently availed theruerives during the present war. Hence, belligerent nations have generally required their cruisers to bring their prizes into the home ports. Still, in cases where the contrary practice was convenient, nations have freely availed themselves of it, without let or hindrance from neutrals, unless there was a treaty in the way. In former wars in which Great Britain has been concerned, Leghorn and Lisbon were frequently;rnade use of for this purpose; the prizes being condemned and sold without ever reaching the home ports at all. But taking the modern practice to be for the neutral to admit or exclude prizes a t pleasure, the presumption always is, previous to the issue by the neutral of nny order on the subject, in favour of the admission—this having been the more common practice, On this point see " Wheaton's Elements (Law rence, p. 428 ; sic also 3, " Phillimore's International Law," p. 498, sec. 363. The treaties between nations on this subject have been as various as the practice. In 1778 a treaty was entered into between France and the United States, whereby no ship of the enemy of either party was allowed to sell her prize, or discharge her cargo, or buy more provisions than immediately indispensable, in the ports of the other. In 1800 a similar treaty was entered into by the same parties. In 1791 a treaty of exclusion was made between England and the United States. In 1806 a treaty was made between the same parties, con taining similar provisions. In 1782 a treaty was entered into between the United States and Holland, then one of the principal maritime Powers, whereby the sale of prizes brought by either party into the ports of the other was legalized. In 1742 a treaty was made between Spain and Denmark authorizing the reception and sale of prizes reciprocally and so late as 1829 a treaty was ratified between Holland and the Republic of Colombia authorizing the reception of prizes into each other's ports. Now, if the treaties between Great Britain and the United States were still in existence, there is no doubt that Great Britain would be obliged under those treaties to apply the rule of exclusion to the Confederate States ; but it will be remembered that a war occurred between the two contract ing parties in 1812, subsequently to the format'on of those treaties, which abrogated them ; and the subject has not since been renewed either in the Treaty of Ghent, which put an end to that war, or in any subsequent treaty. The ignoring of such a question, after it had once been made the subject of a treaty, places in a very strong light the in• tention of the parties to remain perfectly free to exercise their discretion for the future. Great Britain, then, has no excuse for the unjust and unneutral course she has pursued, She can neither affirm that she had no alternative under the laws of nations, nor that she was bound by any treaty obli gation. One more question, which has already been incidentally noticed, remains to be disposed of. If Great Britain had permitted the entry of prizes into her ports, would this have enabled the captors to condemn them so as to give an indefeasible title to the purchaser ? Without doubt. Not withstanding Lord Stowell, in the casoof the " Fled Oyen" (1 Rob., pp. 139-142), declared the practice (he was cow. menting on the practice of the French courts, in the heat of a French war, and every lawyer knows the rim with which his lordship assailed everything French) to be "in frequent and irregular," it is now well settled that a belli gerent Prize Court, sitting in its country, may adjudicate a prize lying in neutral waters, provided the possession of the captor remains. And this position seems to bo as unanwer able in principle as it is well settled in practice. The pro ceeding in a prize case is in rem, and to give the court jurisdiction it is only necessary that it should have possession I of the prize, But this need not bo actual possession by the officers of the court, as by the marshal and his bailiffs. It is sufficient if the captor, or his duly appointed agent, has possession, because his possession is that of the Government under whose authority the court sits, as effectually as would be that of the marshal; and no principle is better settled than that a neutral Government has no right to interfere with the captor's possession of his prize —the case only excepted of the capture having been made within the waters of the neutral territory. So that if the prizs be admitted into the neutral port at all --and the argument proceeds upon that hypothesis—the captor's possession remains as firmly established as if ho and his prize were in his own country. In support of this jurisdiction of the Prize Court I quote the following authorities : —ln 111, Phillimore's International Law, p. 482, it is said ;—" An attentive review of all the cases decided in the Courts of England and the North American United States during the last war (1812) leads to the conclusion that the condemnation of a capture by a regular Prize Court, sitting in the country of the belligerent, of a prize lying at the time of the sentence in a neutral port is irregular, hut clearly valid. It appears to be the inclination of the English Prize Court during the present war (Russian) to limit to cases of necessity the condemnation vessels lying in a neutral port. It is scarcely necessary to add, after what has been said as to the former French law on condemnations by judges of the belligerent in neutral ports (that is, the judge, and the prize both being in the neutral port), that such condemna tions of vessels lying in neutral ports are holden valid by the French Prize Courts," Again, in the volume already quoted, p. 426, it is said, " The courts of the North Amen. can Unit e d S tates allow that property may be condemned in the court s o f t h e captor while lying in a neutral country, but still th ey h old that it can only be so adjudicated . upon while the po ssess i on of the captor, remains ; f or if be divested, either in fact or by operation of law, that posses sion is gone w hi c h can alone sustain the jurisdiction. And it is to be ob served that, a fortiori, where the property is already in the custody of a neutral tribunal, and the title is DENMARK, A letter from Copenhagen, dated June 12, says : —Those fidgetty English tourists, who do not know what to do with themselves at this season, can do no better than come aid spend their summer months on the Oresund. There can hardly be a greater pleasure in these bright days, which begin to be deliciously warm even in Denmark, than to steam up and down the Sound by the Horatio, Ophelia, or Hamlet. Those three little steamers ply between the two coasts from Malmo to Copen hagen, and hence 'eo Elsinore and Helsingford, morn ing and eveneing. The shores on either side are somewhat. tame and lowly, and will not bear com pariso'd with the rugged sublimity of some of the gr.eat Mediterranean straits. But the scenery has a charming homeliness of its own, nevertheless. The two countries, politically sundered for so many centuries, woo each other most tenderly, and as you approach Elsinore the Danish and Swedish head lands overlap each other as if in loving embrace, and the beholder is at a loss to tell where his eye rests on a Scanian and where on a Zealandian land scape. The vegetation on either side is luxuriant beyond belief, and the magnificent timber spreads its drooping branches down to the very surface of the tideless waves. The Lake of Geneva, where it contracts itself into the narrow channel of the Rhone, has not purer waters than are to be seen in these ever•flowing currents; and nowhere is the sight of white, glittering sails more animated and enlivening than in this silent highway of the Baltic. The steamers that waft you along are clean and comfortable, the traffic is carried on with all speed and in the best order, and the company getting in and out at every station is the best looking, most interesting, and sociable you may wish to travel with. lam sure only to see the rosy cheeks and golden hair of the hundreds of well-dressed Danish girls on their way to and from the different watering-places on the Sound is a treat well repaying any trouble it may cost a Londoner to come all the way from his dingy Thames and from the coal begrimed wharfs of Gravesend -reach. Whatever cloud may rise on the political horizon of Denmark, the sky on the Oresund is, and has been for weeks, as bright as the brightest in the south. These Danes are a buoyant and sanguine race ; in the worst plight they hope for the best, and while the London Conference is disposing of them with prolonged armistice, schemes of parti tion or personal union, they seem only to think that summer and sea-bathing wait for no man. They live by the day, the twenty-hour solstitial day, and put off the cares of the future for that gloomy winter season which may be better fitted for sackcloth and ashes. This short spell of genial, warm weather is the Danish carnival. It is the season in which they indulge in those quiet, rational amusements which best become their sedate nature and the thorough civilisation peculiar to them. Sea-bathing is with them the greatest luxury. The streets of Copenhagen are empty. The whole population, from the King to the humblest trader, are out for a dip. Such watering-places as the Sound everywhere affords are not to be sought in Great Britain either on the German ocean or on the Atlantic coast, The influence of the Gulf Stream is not felt within this inland channel, and the water is as deliciously ice.- cold as the stoutest nerves can desire, the maids under feet as soft as velvet, free from all gravel and shingle, and the diver can be seen fathoms deep in the transparent element as distinct as if he were floating in air. Bathing-houses or machines are hardly needed. Yet just look out for the loneliest nook anywhere along shore; you step from the green sward into the rippling waves ; you flounder in the water or bask in the sun on the grass with alter nate enjoyment. Your whole being becomes as am phibious as the country itself, a country truly weer-unzsehlungen, where land and water clasp each other in the closest embrace. Who shall number the multitude, men, women, and children, who are sure, this blessed Sunday, to plunge from the margin of the Klamsenborg strand on the skirts of the gorgeously verdant Deerpark From which of the hundreds of tidy villas along the Sound shall not the fair inmates issue forth i❑ their tong-flowing gowns, metamorphosing for a few minutes a nymph into a syren ? From Copenhagen to Elsinore every village on the coast is a watering place ; every country house is a bathing-house. Yet, if the whole sound is a bathing establishment, no doubt Elsinore is its capital. There is hardly anything in the world, I believe, that will bear comparison as a Bade-Anstalt with the Marien lyst, a short half-mile beyond the Queen of the Sound, just beyond the glacis of the Kronborg. From the glacis of old Hamlet's castle there stretches along shore a wide, long meadow, smooth and green as a billiard table, so wonderfully level with the sea that you wonder by what invisible law it is held in obedience to the fiat that parted land from water at the beginning of the world, On your left, as you look up to the Cattegat, you have fine, swelling knolls, with such masses of green foliage as all the parks of old England can searcely match —masses of foliage so rife with blossoms at this period of the year that green can scarcely be described as the prevalent hue. In the midst of that foliage is a maze of winding walks, where, ii you can get an Eve to wander with you, you may fancy yourself a very Adam in Eden ; and here and there in the thickest bowers you come upon snug country seats, the flowery gardens of which seem to be cultivated no less for your especial enjoyment than for that of their fortunate owners. Every gate is invitingly open : every labourerat work has a smile and a greeting God-day for you. The Danes are a people who know but little about fencing and paling, nothing about locked doors or barred windows. Their privacy needs no other protection than the discretion - - of the passer-by. How they manage it I know not ; but they seem to have no fear of tramps or pick pockets, and the noxious vermin somehow cannot flourish in the land. Ido not remember whether ] _ - ever mentioned it before; but it is a fact that years ago some gentlemen from Scotland•yard were in vited to this country to organise a kind of metro politan police at Copenhagen, and creditably did they acquit themselves of their task ; but the men who were enlisted in that service are daily sending in their resignation, as they are ashamed of and dis gusted with, an employment which in this wonder fully inoffensive community has turned out a weari some sinecure. Thieves, it would seem, cannot thrive in the land, and thief-takers cannot prosper with out them. I have been assured that some of the gentlemen of the London and Paris swell-mob, al lured by this Arcadian security, have been tempted to try their luck in the virgin soil of Denmark; but, somehow, the air does not agree with them, and they had to slink away, awed, as it were, by that guileless confidence that seeme d to b lunt even w hile it defied their cunning. Somehow, it was like trying the sharp edge of a sword on a feather bed. Knavery ccu!d make no breach on this apparently there sub judice, no other foreign court can by any adjudi cation of its own rightfully take away, forestall, or defeat the jurisdiction of this neutral tribnnal ;' and the author quotes 7, " Wheaton's Reports," 355, ft tune appears that, unless the captor divests himself of the possession of the petite (as by sale, without waiting for condemnation), or his posses• sion is divested by operation of law (as by his bringing a prize capturectwithin neutral waters within neutral jurisdic tion), the belligerent Prize Court, sitting in its own country, has ample power to adjudicate. There would seem, then, to be no difficulty in the way of Great Britain's revoking her unjust and unneutral orders in Council and returning to a sense of justice. If indivi duals are bound in conscience to retract their errors when once discovered, how much more are nations bound to do so, the consequences of whose errors are so much more wide spread ? By doing justice to the Confederate States Great Britain will not be doing injustice to the Federal States. If she gives an asylum in her ports to the former, she will equally give it to the latter; and if she should work an in cidental advantage to the Confederate states, why should this he objected to more than the opposite rule, which has worked them so many disadvantages? And will it be less graceful in Great Britain to perform this act of justice because one of the parties in the forum is struggling against odds, while the other has become overbearing—nay, trucu lent and defiant, from a fancied excess of brute strength? It is never safe for a nation, any more than an individual, to temporise, especially with a bully, and at the cost of in justice to a weaker party. Great Britain innocently fancies that she is "laying up against a rainy day"—that is to say, that she is concil ating the "universal Yankee nation" by her present one-sided course, and establishing wise and safe precedents to be followed by that people hereafter when she shall herself become a belligerent. But I warn that it is all fancy, and that she will reap the reward of her timidity in the usual way—timidity on the part of nations always in viting further insult and outrage. A people who have be come so lunatic as to destroy a constitutional Government and voluntarily submit their necks to the yoke of coarse and illiterate tyrant for the sake of butchering, in gratification of their revenge, eight millions of their former fellow-citizens, will hardly permit themselves to be ruled by English prece dents; to be calmly quoted to them by some future peace loving Earl Russell from ponderous blue-books. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—We find ourselves at the present moment engaged in a discussion which once more repro duces the arguments and suggestions of a contro versy long gone by. The problem of Manning the Navy was accomplished some years ago; but the topic, it seems, has only been dropped to make room for the question of Manning the Army. Those who remember the former discussion will recognise in the correspondence which we have recently pub lished all the old familiar statements and opinions, We are now told, precisely as we were told ten years since, that the Queen's pay is good pay, if it were but properly applied ; that what the public provides for the maintenance of the service consti tutes a liberal provision, if the soldier did but know it; that he actually receives, in one way or another, far more than could be earned by an agricultural labourer, but that his receipts are so confused be tween " pay" and " allowances," and so curtailed by stoppages and deductions, that the liberality of the nation eludes his perception. A soldier, we are assured, actually costs the country between 14s. and 15s. a week, whereas he obtains in the shape of money only 2d. a day. This is one of the old arguments, revived and repeated word for word ; the moral, of course, being that we should reform this part of the system, and pay the soldier in a coin which he understands. He knows the difference between ls. and ls. 6d. a day, but he takes little account of cheap supplies and contingent privileges. Give him his dues in ready money instead of dis guised advantages, and he will be able to compare his earnings with those of a ploughboy or an apprentice. A second argument is this—that a distinction should be established between ordinary and able-bodied soldiers, We borrow the terms from the Navy for application to the Army; but the meaning is, that in the profession of arms, as well as ail other professions, a trained and experienced man is worth more than a young beginner. That this is actually the case no one can deny, and yet we act as if no such difference of values existed. A soldier who has served for ten years, who is welt disciplined, thoroughly acquainted with his busi ness, and inured t o a ll th e tr i a l s o f a m ili tar y lif e , is held to be worth no more than a raw recruit. We have repeatedly explained that the bargain offered by the State to the recruit is in reality a good one. It must be remembered that he is an unskilled labourer, taken to learn his trade at the public expense, and charged nothing for the in struction ; indeed, we can hardly put this plainer than by an appeal to the very examples anticipated at this minute. We are told, and with apparent reason, that we cannot expect many of our soldiers to be content with their position at the expiration of their first term of enlistment. The ten years' man is a very different being from the raw lad picked up by the sergeant. Besides his mastery over his immediate profession, he has been educated in mind and body. He has been to school, and has been well taught. His ideas have been enlarged, and he has acquired habits of discipline, obedience, and fidelity. Such a man is of value anywhere, and may look for more than his 13d. a day from an appreciative master. Granted ; but then let us inquire who made this man what he is. At whose expense and by what agency was the village scamp or the loutish farm servant turned into the trained, intelligent, and trustworthy man. All this increase of personal value was given by the State, and the difference between what the man was and what he is is simply the measure of his actual gain over and above his daily pay. We are convinced, however, that it is worth our while to buy this man at his proper value. We must buy the recruit first and the soldier afterwards—first get the men, and then keep them. If necessary, we must offer better terms, but though there is no doubt about the increased demand , for labour, and the improved remuneration which it commands, we are assured, nevertheless, that the amount actually provided for the soldier under various forms of pay and allow ances is sufficient for the purposes of first recruiting, if judiciously applied. The trained soldier may fairly look at the expiration of a given period of service for better terms than he got at first. That is so plain that it needs no argument. No doubt the improvement has been accomplished in the ser vice itself, but that does not affect the fact. A cern plate soldier is worth more to us in common market value than a recruit. He can get more—at least, so it is thought—in other callings, and it is reasonable, therefore, that he should look for more if he con tinues in his own. At all events, here are two plain principles inviting notice and trial. Give the young recruit in a tangible shape what you intend to give him; and when he has acquired skill in his calling give him something more. We think these suggestions are very likely to assist us materially in manning the'army. POST.—The Conference is again adjourned till Saturday, and it is felt that the motive of these re peated delays is the understanding that nothing can yet be accomplished to reconcile these two opponents. A few days will bring a resumption of hostilities, which will oblige this country to determine once for all how we are to act at this crisis. We must either abandon Denmark or stand by her. In the meantime, as we feel ourselves drifting, we may pass our time in hoping against hope and arguing against our knowledge, and in looking out for some Heaven sent solution to arrive. But the inevitable hour must come when dreams give way to realities—when, if we are to hold our place among nations our iron clads must resolve other questions than those of steering and rolling—when our soldiers must occupy other camps than Aldershot, and our engineers again play out in earnest on a European stage the tragedy rehearsed the other day at Chatham. We are quite aware that these words of ours will be received with mockery by the German Press: They will be com mented on as more bombast of the Morning Post, and we shall be [reminded of similar expressions often used during the last few months. It is very deplorable that, in consequence of the anxiety dis played by our diplomatists to avoid war, or even the semblance of it, the voice of the Press is thought to be sham thunder. Foreigners think that this great country is really the slave of the Peace party. The delusions which preceded the Crimean war are again articles of belief in foreign capitals, and, a las I have again to be dispell e d. F rance l eaves t o us , in this instance, the initiativ e an d t h e res p o nsibility. As she acted in Italy alone, so now, in turn, we are ex pected to take our own line of action in a matter which is supposed chiefly to concern ourselves. The Prussians, as, if we are not 'misinformed, Count Bis marck has recently informed the Prussian Minister at Vienna, coun t on the abstention ofaFervgedanatcee,at the price of accepting some suggestions as t o th e appli cation of universal suffrage, and he has Austrian Government that Prussia will insist on a radical solution, and will, if necessary, act alone, sup ported, as she expects to be, by the general public opinion of Germany. As to Russia, Count Bismarck s s l i u t rye will d the she A Austrian found co nsiders himself perfectly secure as to her views, ian c oGovernmentntra contrary ;o Prussianthat nanode in eventuality u a a policy. The meeting of monarchs which is about to take place at liissentsen will probably ratify these conclusions, and the alliance which the !! Turning Post pointed out as already existing months ago will probably be solemnly renewed. Prussia helped Russia to crush Poland. Austria has recently also put her hand to that work. The Germans have fought side by side in Denmark, the conditions being Austrian concurrence in the North in return for prospective Prussian support in the South. Both have aided Russia in expectation of her connivance in their schemes and her aid in their difficulties. The allies presume that England and France are estranged, that France will not act alone, and that 5 England will never act at all. Such is the state . o, affairs which, by its plausibility, bides its (4110 ! dangers. The kings at Kiesengen will flatter them''' . selves that everything is mighty smooth, and that they have only to dictate and be obeyed—to invade and to annex. We feel that it is useless to rewire tulate our stock arguments. The time for argumeret is rapidly passing away, and we are about to arriveat the "lest reason" of kings. We are just verg ing on the day when England will have to drink Om cup of humiliation to the dregs, or to stand forward in Europe in defence of the State which she has compromised by her advice, and which she i s bound in honour to see safe out of the miseries that w . g have plunged her into. Denmark has always hr tened to our counsels. She allowed, at our instee gation, execution in Holstein; she consented to the repeal of her constitution ; she came at our call to the Conference; she has yielded to the abandonment of the Treaty of London? and to the dismemberment of her territory. Her Plenipotentiaries take their last stand, and base their ultimatum upon the line of frontier which vi a have suggested. But all in vain. The Germans.; who have used against her every violence, a na , against us every chicanery, remain unsatisfied, a n ° insist upon the full accomplishment of their mon strous demands. The Danes feel that but 11ttle more ruin can fall upon them, and we are awaklug to the conviction that scarcely more dishonour can be heaped upon us. Yet all that we have done has been done with the best intentions ; that, however, cannot save us from the fatal consequences. V ° must either accept the position in Europe which the Germans are pleased to assign to us, and sink to the level of a fourth-rate Power, or vindicate our plac e among nations by the means by which we won . t. There can be no doubt that th e arm of Englen" when the war begins again, will be put forward in defence of Denmark—and that with bitter regr et ' but with firm determination, we shall enter upon European war of which the ultimat e co nsequenc es will be greater than ere contemplated by the sr.: thinking imaginations of Berlin and Vienna. I-Y -our vivid perception of our responsibility and of th e , magnitude of the crisis that has made us so Wit hold back and yield point after point. We do not foresee any disaster that can befall us. It is not selfishness that has di c t a t e d th e p a i n f u l peacefu l ness of our poli c y. Th a t h as proceeded ent're.if from too much care for tho se w h o t rea t n 8 so On their heads be it. The bolt will fall on thos e who have provoked the storm, and when it is t c)° , late the unwieldy desp o ti sms w h o are ma ki ng nia% attempt to crush freedom and con s tit u ti on al goo 1 . % will ment have reason to mourn over provinces lc! and weights wanting in th e new ar rangemen ts which will replace the ill-ass or t e d diplomatic CO ventionalities of the old balance of power. COUNTRY MARKETS. LYNN—TUESDAY. At to-day's market there was very little wheat offer ed ; The trade was firm,and in some instances the prices of an week slightly advanced. B ar l e y same as b e f ore . Oats a beans rather dearer. 33 s to 34° White wheat 45s to 46 s 1 B ar l e y ow It'=d.. - Grinding ‘ , 6s to 2 6 I Beans .32s to 31 s Oats .lBs to 0 Small Averages—Wheats, 39 8 10d—b ar l ey , 32s 4d—beans' 37s 4d. HULL—TUESDAY. El lr At our corn mark e t t o -d ay t h ere was a fa i r supply -- nf 10 lish wheat, which sold freely at last week's currency r e foreign the demand w as li m i te d , an d the prices as k e d we higher than the Engli s h was se lli ng at. Both ma l t i n g sn d grinding barley met a fai r re t a il ea l e. P eas an d beans ino slow sale, at barely th e p r i ces l ast quoted. Fine frail s at held for an advance of 6d per qr. Linseed dull. Od Wheat.... Old white.... p er qr 4 2 s Od to 435 „,, Old red I) New white .. „ , New red .... 37s 6cl to 3 03 v o `: Barley.... English mailing' Grinding 24s Od to 258 e. n ~3$ Saal and Oderbru c k Holstein and Danish 3os 04 to 3 19 n Grinding 2Bs Od to 315 u`: Oats English, old Archangel and Riga, per at OBl2O to „,, Friesland and Dutch osl3d to 08111 Swedish and Danish 0512 ad to osl_, Beans ....English, old, per qr. 4os 0 to 43s Od New pigeon 42s Od to 44s va 9 Od New tick. Egyptian Peas Foreign boilers .. 33s Od to 345 64 22s Od to 24 8 13 e 1 Grinding Indian Cor n 5 Linseed, feeding 2s Od to 56 s Od crushing 0 Od ito too 0 s Od_ 0 Linseed cakes (Hull) £B 15 Foreign: 8 0 oto 9 0 Rape cakes ( P o 5 0 oto 0 0 Bones 5 5 oto 6 10 t SHEFFIELD—TUESDAY. At our market to-day there was a small supp l y of grain, and a moderate business was done at last weeks rates. Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial bushels...lss Od to 16s 9( 1 White 2 f , ...17e Od to 185 Od Now rod 1 ~ .15s Od to 16s Oa New white p, ff 4.. 1 63 6d to 18s Id Beans i) ), • ...15a 6d to 17s Od Peas, per qr 4os Od to 44s Oa Grinding barley, per qr 29s Od to 30s OA Malting ditto, f) 32s Od to 35s Od Oats ff __ l9B Od to 24 8 ( X I _ Flour, is 4d to is 8d per 14 lb. NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE—TUESDAY. Wheat in moderate supply this morning, with a fa ir trade, at the currencies of this day week. Averages—Wheat, 40s 11d—barley, 31s 10d. COAL M, Paws of Coal per Ton al a. d.l i Byass's Bebside West Hartley ..16 3 Holywell ..16 6 Edon Main 16 3 West Hartley 16 3 North Pelton Gas .13 0 j Walker Primrose 13 3 .31tK the close ot the market. s , cl• Walls End. East Hartlepool 17 6 Cassop . 16 9 Russel's Hetton 16 6 Riddell 15 6 J Ships at market Walls End. Braddyll'a Hetton ..... 16 6 Haswell .• •17 6 n Heugh Ha ll .......... 17 v,, Hartlepool ........... v 17 i r ; T uns t a ll K elloe. ..... • 0 South Kelloe ......... 17 Hetton ...... 9 South Hartlepool... • • . 16 Gosforth , 6 South Iletton ..... ... • 11 it, 39 ; sold. 37. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. 18- Australia and Mauritius, v i a S ou th ampton • • Ju ne i 3. via Marseilles .. Jrazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. .. . 7 „ 29 Cape of Good H o p e ull - , Ascension, and St. Helena..J is. China, Penang, and Sin ga p ore , v i a S out h amp ton.Jur2 e 27. via Marseilles ...Ja a, Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton .. June :lB. 000000 3 6 India (Calcutta), an d C e yl on , v i a S out h a mpton...Ju r ': 2/. via Marseilles... • J."- June 95. India (Bombay), via S ou th ampton A via Marseilles Jane • Jul) , " Portuga1.... Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton ...... Ju n " 6 O' 6 —. .. Jung Newfoundland via Marseilles Oporto and Vigo June 21. U. S. and British N. A mer i ca , b y B r i t. pac k et... . by U.S. packet... E , 17. by Canadian p a cket. Ju n. All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, I juue 28 ' California. and British Columbia. L DVERTIS g E t ho M oe [A DVERTIS EMENT.]—HoIIoway's T loor . o l d — de ri il sw e po l u i aOr pure, w y i r . th i e l e n s r v W e s b e i n n circulation . P 3 se E D p j i ° l r f of stetstai tnnb a marvellous power in securing these great secrets by purifying, regulating, and strengthening flu ids 11 .1 d solids. Holloway's pills can be confid en tly recoMniens: e d to all persons suffering from disordered digestion or wo rne by nervous fancies or neuralgic pains. They correct Heidi*: and heartburn, dispel sick headache, qu i c ken the action 01 the liver, and act as alteratives and gentle aperients. 'The weak and delicate may take them without fear. Holllowly'S Pills are eminently serviceable to invalids of irritable cor.stitutions, as they raise the action of every organ to itg natural standard, and universally exercise a calming and sedative influence. Births. ANDERSON.—On the 14th inst., at Shrubland-grove, Da l ' sten, the wife of Mr. J. H. Anderson, of a son. B UD GETT.—On the 13th inst., at R e dl and H ouse , D u rd. ham Down, near Bristol, the w if e of W. H. Ba dgetto Esq., of a son and heir. G R OVES.—On the 13th inst., at Manor House, Burton Bradatock, the w if e o f John Groves, Eq . ., 18th Huss ar s ' of a daughter. STODDART.—On the 13th inst. , the wife of Herbert Stoll' dart, Esq., late R oyal Fusiliers, of a daughter. HUTCHINSON.—BRUNMJE a s r . r_la r fe t s h .. at Sf• L awrence Church, Thanet, Kent, William Hutch inson ,Hutc hinso n, Esq., of Ramsgate, late Captain 60th Royal Rifles,. s o t llth inst./ Rebeca, on l y daughter of Martin Brunjes, Becky ° E e bumpton, in the Isle of Thanet. KEINIPSON.—WEDGWOOD.-0n the 11th inst., a t Co sl 2 l 9 e t s i ; ton, Pembroke s hire, M ajor K em p son , _ Regiment, to Louisa Frances, eldest daughter of n • Wedgwood, Esq,, of M oodfielda,i Pembrokeshire. Deaths. ----- FANSHAWB.—On the 14th inst., at 32, Chester-terra ce, Regent's-park, Admiral Sir Arthur Fanshawe, &CM' , aged 70. FERRIER.—On the 11th inst., at Wollpark, St. Andrew's: James Frederick Ferrier, 8.A.,0x0n, P r ofessor of Mora l Philosophy. GRENVILLE.—On the 13th inst,, at 33, South-street, the Right H on . L a d y G renv ill e , widow of W. W. Lord Grenville, aged 92. GRAY.—On the 15th inst., at Monastery House, East India road, Thomas Gray, Esq., aged 76. HUNTLEY.—On the sth inst:, at Santos, Brasil, Sir H. V. Huntley, aged 68. MAZZINGHL—On the 11th inst., at Downside College, near Bath, Count Mazzinghi, aged 65. London : Primed and £.•hushed by WILLIAM ANDREI'S of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at InE SUN Office No. 111., Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, n the Counfy of Mildleoex,--Thuraday, June 16, 1861.