The Sun. — London, England, 1854-08-02 00:00:00

THEATRE ROYAL DRURY LANE. Lessee, Mr. E. T. Smith. NOTICE. —The Nobility, Gentry, and Public, Subs - ,ribars and Patrons of the Royal Opera, are respectfully informed, that, in con .equence of the Intense Heat of the Weather, there will be NO PERFORMANCE THIS EVENING; and the Performances will be suspended until further Notice. HENRY JARRETT, Director, Theatre Royal, Drtry-lane, August 2, 1354. THEATRE ROYAL HAYMARKET. Under the management of Mr. Enekstone. THIS EVENING, AUGUST 2, Will be performed THE OLD CHATEAU. Characters by Messrs. Howe, Rogers, H. Marston, and Backstone ; Miss Reynolds. Mrs. FitZWllliaM, and Followed by the SPANISH DANCERS in a GRAND BALLET , The new Farce AS LIKE AS TWO PEAS. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET. Under the Management of Mr. Cameras XsAli. THIS EVENING. AUGUST 2, Will be perlbrmed FROM VILLAGE TO COURT. Principal characters by Messrs. Harley, Fisher, and Cathcart ; Misses Mur ray, Heath, and Vivash. After which, THE COURIER OF LYONS. Principal characters by Messrs. C. Kean, J. Vining, Addison, Graham, David Fisher wheat, an d *akar; Misses C. Leclercq. Heath, Ternan, and K . Terry. To eonclnde with THE HILT OF THE BALLET. THEATRE ROYAL ADF.LPHI. Proprietor, Mr. B. Webster.—Directress, Madame Celeste. THIS EVENLIG, AIIGUIT 2, Will be performed A NOVEL EXPEDIENT. Principal charac ters m i agh Murray and Miss Wooi gar. After will be presented the New Extravaganza, entitled A MOVING TALE, supported by Mr. Keeley, and Mrs. Keeley. Followed by THE MOUSTACHE MOVEMENT. • To °outbids with THE COURIER OF LYONS. ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Wigan. THIS EVENING, Avarua 2, Will be performed TO OBLIGE BENSON. Supported by Messrs. Emery, Robson. and Leslie; Miss Marston, and Miss E. '1 urner. To be followed by THE FIRS 1` NIGHT. Characters by Messrs. Alfred Wigan, Leslie, RarwOOd Cooper, and Vincent ; Miss P. Hor ton, and Miss Emily Orm lute. To conc'ude with the Farce of THE WANDERING MINSTREL. - Jam Beggs, Mr. F. Robson. STRAND THEATRE. Sole Lessee Mr. F. W. Micro& THIS EVENING, AuorsT 2, lbe performed CHARLES THE SECOND. Ch arac t e rs by Yam Herbert. Morgan, and Belford; Misses H. Gordon, F. Beau moat, and Wharton. Followed by FAUST AYD MARGUERITE. Te conclude with HIGH LIFE BELOW STAIRS. 411. • Boxes, 2s. 64 ; Pit, Is.; tiallery. ud.; Private Boxe LI is . to b e of Mr. Allcroft. lb. New Boni-street. ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. "This place fills up an hiatus which the Crystal Palace leaves wanting. Vocal and instrrnental music of the first order, and a display of fireworks which exceeds all imagination, area fitting does to a day at the Crystal Palace." DANSON'S COLOSSAL PANORAMA of CHUSAN: Splendid and Extensive Menagerie and Marine Aquarinnl-I.7nr, veiled Military Band. VOCAL and INSTRUMENTAL CONCERT, in which Miss Poole, Miss Ransford. and Mr. Manvers sing several National and Patriotic Songs—All the Amusing Novelties of the Gardens in succession. concluding with the " Feast, of Lan terns," and a most magnificent display of Fireworks by Southby ♦dmission One Shilling. A splendid Pavilion for Dancing has been rested. Full Quadrille Band, &c. ASTI.EY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. William Cooke. 3 cense without a parallel I—Triumphant and brilliant career of the Cossicks ! 2nd Night of a new Mythological Equestrian Melodramatic Ballet I'Actiori. tad appearance of Herr Chi : IWO - if:7le first Rope Dancer In the universe. THIS EVENING, The War Spectacle, THE COSSACKS; or, Vive la France. After which, the novel and skilful SCENES in the CIRCLE, by Professors of the first class, developing in perfection the high school of the art of Equitation. The whole invented and arranged by Mr. William Cooke. HERR CHRISTOFF, the first Rope Dancer in the universe. The wonderful BROTHERS FRANCISCO, in their incomprehen sible and astonishing performances. The whole to conclude with, 2nd time, a new Equestrian Melo dramatic Ballet, by Mrs. S. G. Healey, called THE KNIGHT AND THE WATER LILY ; 'or, Love among the Mermaids. Boca-office open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager, Mr. W. West. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. TBIA DAY —Morning 2 min.after 7 I Evening 27 min.aft. 7 To-3foanow—Morning 52 min.aft er 7 1 Evening 26 Min.aft. 8 TEE WEATHER.—Sum Onias , Aua. THEB.MONETNE, IN THE SHADE. 72—highest since noon on Saturday. 54—lowest this morning and during the night.. 72—this day, at noon. BAROMWTEB, 29.78. WIND, N.W. to W.N.W.—Fresh breeze, with heavy clouds and sunshine. es p LONDON, WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 2, 1854, There are two countries of Europe now en deavouring to " settle down" into quietude, after having each of them but just emerged from a revolution. Spain and Greece—kingdoms situated at opposite extremities of the Mediterranean. This occurs, moreover, at the very time when a general war is agitating the whole political system of the eastern hemisphere. The latest advice. from Madrid inform us that General ESPARTERO had just entered that capital for the purpose of reorganising a Constitutional Government. The most recent despatches from Athens acquaint us with the arrival in that capital of M. MAVROCOR DATO, entrusted with precisely the same onerous responsibility. The coincidence of events—in certain respects—is sufficiently curious. ESPAR TERO has been carried by the successes of others to the very summit of authority over the Spanish Administration. MATROCORDATO, in the same way, has been carried by the successes of others to the supreme height of power over the Greek Government. The military ri s i ng at Madrid took place while ESPARTERO was still quietly secluded in his private residence at Lo grono. The diplomatic movement at Athens was triumphantly accomplished while MAVROCORDA TO was calmly sojourning at Paris, in his capacity as ambassador. What was achieved for the latter by the sagacity of Mr. WYSE and Baron ROUEN, was effected for the former by Don DOMINGO DITLCE and Don LEOPOLD O'DO_NNELL. In both instances the evils which the people—here in Spain, there in Greece—have been rid of, were evils brought upon the two countries by the duplicity, the weakness, the folly, and infatuation of the reigning Sovereigns. Insomuch that it can scarcely be doubted that it must have been with a sense of guilt and abasement, and with a poignant knowledge of having been egregiouslyoutwitted, or crushingly defeated, in all their nefarious designs against the liberties of the race entrusted to the governance of each, that the other day Queen ISABELLA gave audience to General ESPARTERO, and King OTIIO to M. MAVROCORDATO. There is this glarin difference, howev er , b e t ween the dipl omat i c coup at Athens and the Spanish insurrection. That whereas, in the i ns t ance of Greece, all the g oo d that has u been done for the country by the late movement has b een accom plished through foreign agency, thr oug h t h e saga city, as we have said, of Mr. %sit and of Baron Rourmr, followed by the sudden landing of Eng lish and French troops at the Pirazm s --__ whatever benefit has been secured to Spain b y the move ment in that country has been obtained through the daring and patriotism of the sons of her own soil, through the civism, and the valour, and the de cision of SERRANO, DULCE, and O'DONNELL. The contrast is one that augurs well for Spain. The successful leaders of her new and not least glo rious revolution have well earned those " highest military honours," which report now says is about t o be conferred upon them by the councils of the land to which they have opened up the path of emancipation. The Marshal's baton is, in truth, but the due of both DULCE and O'DoNNELL. They risked everything upon the hazard of a great rising, and they have succeeded. They have suc ceeded in putting an end to a Government con ducted by mendacious impostors and unprincipled advent urers . They have brought ab o ut the dis grace of SARTORIUS and his colleagues, and the downfall of Queen CroersiTNA. and the MUN. OZ I family; and, with all this, the poisibility, of good ill the future for the Spanish population. Precisely as the adroit diplomacy of Mr. Wrsz and his French colleague at Athens, prepared the way for the crushing out of the Russian conspiracy fos tered under the patronage of OTHO and AM:ELIA— a hydra of political calamities, all the heads of which were struck off at a single blow by the fact of the Anglo-French occupation. The question now is—both at Athens and at Madrid--like an echo of the old inquiry, "Under which king, BENZONIAN ?" The power of King OTHo is doomed: So likewise is that of Queen ISABELLA. All that can be effected in behalf of each respectively by MAVROCORDATO and ESPAR TERO—iS to delay for a little while longer the inevitable hour either of quiet abdication or of violent expatriation. The alternative is before Onto. It is before ISABELLA. The necessity for its acceptance may, we repeat, just possibly be postponed for a while by ESPARTERO and MAVROCORDA TO. Neither of them can altogether dissipate it. The downfall of both OTHO and ISABELLA we believe to be no longer merely "looming in the future," but to be here—close at hand! Whence it follows that the question is, at this moment of supreme emergency (for Spain and Greece), Who are to be their successors ? It is the double problem now remaining to be solved in the midst of all the disturbance and confusion of a general war among the great Powers of Christendom. There is a delusion very prevalent amongst officers of both branches of her MAJESTY'S ser vice, and in which they frequently endeavour to obtain the participation of civilians. They will gravely insist that the " Court-Martial " is the oest tribunal in the world, and that it invariably administers impartial justice, without fear or pre judice, favour or affection. Strange as the assertion may be, it is put forward in per fect good faith, and with a strong convic tion of its truth and acouracy ; and any in credulity on the part of the audience occa sionally excites the ire of the gallant veterans to an extent very unpleasant to the sceptic. Obser vations are made, in no measured language, on the ignorance which could alone lead to any doubt or difficulty on facts so notorious, and hints are given as to a mode of terminating the argument that speedily enforces belief. In truth, the advocate of the ordinary tribunals is seldom sufficiently well acquainted with the proceedings of these model courts to venture on any very positive assertion in reference thereto. He cannot speak of his own knowledge, and is, therefore, generally compelled to yield to his more energetic and more boisterous antagonist. Now, however, something is known of the mode of administering what we suppose is designated " justice" by the military tribunals, but to which we should feel disposed to apply a very different term. We have had ample opportunities of judging for ourselves, during the series of court martials in which Lieutenant PERRY has recently been engaged, as to the most approved mode of " crushing an obnoxious junior." We see the nature of the practice, if there be anything at all of established practice, and consequently are able to reply to these statements by specific instances of unfair and arbitrary conduct. We do not complain of the first inquiry into the conduct of Lieutenant PERRY. Ha had in flicted a personal injury on a brother offi cer, and it was just and expedient that a strict and searching investigation should take place into all the circumstances connected with the untoward transaction. It might have been well for the prosecutor (Lieutenant-Colonel GARRETT) and others if it had only been brought before a court of inquiry, where, the proceedings being carried on with closed doors, nothing would have come to light of the pleasing diversions of the high spirited officers of the 46th. The full and com plete acquittal of the unfortunate young officer would not have answered the purpose. His quiet and economical habits did not suit the* gallant 46th. That the selected " butt" should turn on his oppressor—that he should vindicate his out raged honour by striking to the earth the man by whom he was insulted, was too bad. Nothing but his ignominious expulsion from the service would suffice, and for that the sentence of a gene , ral Court-Martial was indispensable. A. formal complaint was therefore preferred, the accusations prepared, and the prisoner, who had been kept in close custody in a small inconvenient room, was placed upon his trial. Had the injunctions of the Court with respect to the non-publication of the proceedingS been re spected matters would have gone on in the ordi nary course. Poor PERRY would have been quietly extinguished, and Col. GARRETT would have been contented with the injury inflicted on the intended victim. Fortunately, however, for the ends of justice —aye, and for the well-being of the service itself—the order wa.s b disregarded, and public'attention was at once excited by the extraordinary nature of the transactions brought to light. The order itself was a mere brutum ful men, which the parties• by whom it was made had no power to enforce. Such an order may be made by the civil tribunal, but it is only so on very rare occasions, and where the ends of justice may be prejudiced by a premature publication. Had there been any reasonable probability of such a result, we are convinced that the good feeling of our brother journalists would have required but the slightest intimation of the fact. A courteous request might have been attended to, even though there had been no possibility of evil consequences. But it was manifest that no injury could be occasioned, and the impudent as suimption of power which did not exist could not be tolerated. The fourth estate was not subjected to Martial-Law, nor amenable to the ukases of a military tribunal. The proceedings were, there fore, very properly reported, and thence it is that we hear of a second and third Court-Martial growing out of the same transaction. The first matter worthy of notice, appears to be the appearance of Lieutenant-Colonel GAR RETT, the person at whose instance the trial was instituted, appearing as prosecutor. A very short time showed the animus by which he was actu ated. The intense desire, in every way, to pre judice the cause of the youthful prisoner was plainly perceptible from the very commencement. The contemptuous tone in which he indulged showed that he participated in the feelings of those whose gross ill-treatment of Lieut. PERRY led to these painful events. Now, we contend that it is no. right to placea "commanding" officer in such a posi tion with respect to one of his subalterns. The very position as a prosecutor naturally creates a bias in the mind. A personal collision is very probable, and angry feelings may be excited, that would render a change of regiment indispensable, even in the event of a full and complete acquittal —a triumphant justification of the conduct of the accused. Besides, the appearance of a " com mander " in that position induces a strong leaning amongst the judges, whose chief object is to sup port authority, and who would consider any strong observations in reference to such a person as little better than " rank blasphemy." We have already seen one of the manifold evils of this course iu the third Court-Martial, which was partially occa aioued by the fact of Lieutenant-Colonel GARRETT being placed in so anomalous a position in the two former trials. The next point to be noticed was the refusal to recognise any responsible adviser or assistant to the prisoner. Rules that require to be, and are so frequently strained, in order to admit of an escape from their stringency, must be unwise and injudicious, and should be forthwith rescinded. What a farce it is to admit " a friend" to as advocate, w hil e a regular practitioner is excl act ude d. The more eminent the Counsel, the better. It is paying a very left-handed compliment to these model tribunal, to suppose that they could be influenced to do what is wrong by the talent or ability of the person appearing for the prisoner. Such fallacious notions were once entertained, but they have been completely dispelled ; and we be. iieve there is not a single person throughout the length and breadth of the land ; that impeaches the accuracy of the principle on which the Pri- soners' Counsel Bill was framed, or that its aciop; tion has not promoted the cause of justice. • We may hereafter point out other evils con.; nected with Court-Martials, but time and space alike force us to conclude our present observatioili. THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 2, 1854. Ok 144. _N EY MARKET AND COMMRI?CIAL INTELLIGENCE. CITY, TWO O'CLOCK. - -- --- The sales of cotton at Liverpool yesterday. were estimated at 4,000 to 5,000 bales, including 1,000 American - taken for export and on specuation. The market closed tamely, but steadily. The sales comprised 250 Bahia at 60., 200 Egyptian at 6d. to 7id., 30 Sea Island at ls. to ls. 6d., and the remainder nearly all American. Railway Shares were flat, at lower prices. The 13 - oard of Trade returns for the month and six months, ending July 5, have been issued. The declared value of the exports, exclusive of the un enumerated articles during the month was 7,707, 6411. against 6,772,7331. in the corresponding month of last year. The imports increased in wheat, oats, Indian corn, currants, guano, hemp, rice, cassia lignea, cinnamon, cloves, nutmegs, rum, tallow, and wine, but a falling off in oxen, sheep, cocoa, coffee, flour, flax, mahogany, palm oil, opium, saltpetre, tobacco, and brandy. The shipping returns show an increase in the month of 22,171 tons for the entries inwards of vessels employed in the foreign trade of the United Kingdom, and of 19,305 tons for the clearances outwards. In the coasting trade 28,088 tons less were em ployed than in the same month of 1853 for the entries inwards, and the clearances outwards de creased 7,375 tons. There appears to have been some objection in Parliament to the Bills of Exchange Bill, which is intended to permit the registration of dishonoured bills and promissory notes in England and to allow execution thereon, the argument being that its provisions are too stringent, and that creditors will be compelled to use coercive measures and press their debtors when otherwise not so disposed, in order to comply with the terms of thp act. To this it may be replied that there is a want of facility for the circulation of small bills, and that in Scotland the process termed summary diligence is found beneficial. It is proposed that all bills of exchange or promissory notes unpaid shall be noted and protested in case of need, like foreign bills, and an officer of the Court of Common Pleas is to keep a register thereof. When this form is gone through, an order for payment within 7 days, in cluding the day of service, is given, but the party served can stay execution by application to the court, and by an affidavit disclosing what would be considered a legal defence. The case, if the court thinks fit, may then be brought to trial. The act is to be entitled "The Summary Execution on Bills of Exchange Act, 1854." The following are the forms that will be adopted : In the Common Pleas. No. 1. On the day of VICTORIA, by the Grace of God, &0., of in the county of E.F. of in the county of &c. (England to wit.) A.B. in his own proper person (or by G.H., his attorney] appeared and craved that the protest underwritten should be recorded in the Register of this Court for Protests of Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes for Execution, according to the " Summary Execution on Bills of Exchange Act, 1854," which was accordingly done, and of which the tenour follows in those words : A.D. 18. To C.D. [Take in the Bill and Protest.] " Therefore it is considered that the said A.B. recover against the said C.D., E.F., &c., £ with interest thereon since the said Bill became due, together with the sum of for costs of protest, registration, and charge . We command you, therefore, that within six days after the service of this writ on you, exclusive of the day of such service, you make payment to the said A.B. of the said sum of £ and take notice, that in default of your so doing the said A.B. may proceed to execution against you. Witness, &c. No. 2. (Same as No. 1.) Indorsement to be made on Writ before Service thereof. This writ is for service out of the jurisdiction of the court." Yesterday afternoon bills at 90 days were nego tiated upon Paris at 25 25 to 27k, upon Amsterdam at 11161 to 17, upon Hamburg at 13 6i to 6f, and upon Trieste at 12 24 to 28. These rates exhibit a slight decline on Paris and Trieste, but an improve ment upon Hamburg. Amsterdam was firm. There is still a slight demand for gold for expor tation. The stock market was less firm this morning when business commenced, Consols being 921 for transfer, and 92 -ii for account, and they have since dropped to 92i for money, and to 92f I for time. The business done has not b een l arge , b u t th ere i s no support given by purchases for investment, and consequently a sale or two has a marked effect upon r prices. Exchequer Bills have been quoted par to 3s. premium, and the Bonds are g premium. Bank Stock has fluctuated from 209 i to 214 East India Stock has been at 223. The New 3k per Cents. have been 92& to 93g. The foreign intelligence, both as regards the Russian retreat and the Spanish Ministry, conjoined with the fine weather, might have been expected to give a better tone. The foreign market has been very inert, but Spanish Bonds are firm, the Deferred at 181 ex div. The Certificates are at 4i. Dutch 2i per Cents, have been 60i to 61 ex div., and Mexican Stock is steady at 24g. The following are the nominal prices of foreign stocks :—Grenada Deferred Bonds, 6 to 6i ; Mexi can, 24i to 241 ; Peruvian, 66 to 68 ; Ditto 3 per Cents., 50 to 52 ; Portuguese 4 per Cents., 39 to 41 ; Russian 5 per Cents., 97 to 99 ; Ditto 4 3 / 4 per Cents., 81 to 83 ; Spanish New Deferred, 18i to 19 ; Ditto 3 per Cents., 37 to .38 ; Ditto Certi ficates, 4 to 4i ; Ditto Passive, 3i to 4k. The English Railway Shares have been rather drooping, and sales are more pressed. In the French lines business has been quiet. The Mining Shares have been rather flatter, and the Banks and Miscellaneous Companies, including Crystal Palace, are cheaper to buy. BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK (From, the ( cial List.) Business Anne. tiank Stock ; per Cent. Reduced Annuities 92 f 4 3 per Cent. Consols Annuities 92 34 per Cent. Annuities 93 2 3 Long Annuities, Expire sth Jan., 1860 Ditto 30 Years, Expire sth Jan., 1860 4i India Stock 223 Consols for Account 17th August 924 Exchequer Bills, 24d. £IOOO 2500 N 3 par Small Exchequer Bond s , 1858 PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK. 'texican 3 per Cent. Spanish New Deferred, 3 per Cent., lBf x d Spanish Committee Cert. of Coup. not fun 4f Dividends on the above payable in London. Dutch Exchange, 24 per Cent. 12 Gull Ditto 4 per Cent. Certificates .. HALF-PAST TWO. Consols 92A Ditto August Account .924 LATEST FOREIGN NEWS, THE WAR. RETREAT OF THE RUSSIANS. VIENNA, TUESDAY EVENING.—The evacuation of the Principalities by the Russians .must be for strategic reasons, as no official communication of the fact has been made by the Czar to the Aus trian Government. The diplomatist Gortschakoff has been informed that after the Emperor of Austria has joined the army no further negotiations relative to the evacu ation of the Principalities can be carried on. Montenegro is in a very disturbed state. Generals Hess and Kellner arrived from the army to-day. The Oest. Correspondenz has the following au. thentic intelligence : On the 27th July the Russians quitted, and the Turks occupied, Fratesohi. The Russians were retreating in forced marches to Schelava, and thence to Poposoti and Obileschti, with all their artillery and waggon trains. The Bucharest hospitals were to be evacuated by the evening of the 29th. Oltenitza was evacuated by the Russians during the night of the 27th, after the du pont and the bridge of boats had been destroyed. The Turks immediately occupied the island opposite Kalarasch. On the 28th, the Russian army quitted Kaluge reni, and in the evening were to bivouac between the Argish and Suban. Their artillery carriages, hospital and baggage trains were leaving on parallel roads towards the Sereth. The complete evacuation of Bucharest was to be effected on the 31st July. During this retreat or flight the thermometer was 104 in the shade. DEMONSTRATION OF THE RUSSIAN SENATE AGAINST THE CZAR. The Press, of Vienna, has the following from Warsaw, dated the 23d ult. :—" It is said at St. Petersburg that the Senate of the Empire has taken the liberty of making a sort of demonstration against the Emperor and his policy. It is alleg d that, after the receipt of the last news from the theatre of war, a considerable number of the most influential members of the Senate addressed a me moir to the Emperor, in which they spoke strongly on recent events ; they could not, they said, ap prove of the foreign policy of the Government, which all Europe condemned, but in which, never theless, the Emperor persisted ; and they declared that they could not accept any responsibility for what might arise out of it. They at the same time expressed the wish that the Emperor would satisf3 the demands of Austria and Prussia, by with drawing his armies from the Principalities, which he himself had declared his intention of evacuating, and that he would thereby put an end to the dis astrous war in which he is engaged. Several eminent personages are named as having signed the memorial ; even the Hereditary Prince is saki to have adhered to it. It is not known what effect the demonstration will have. Immediately after receiving the memoir, the Emperor left for Cronstadt, and has not yet returned to St. Petersburg." CONSTANTINOPLE. Letters have been received in Paris from Con stantinople, which state that the marriage of the Sultan's daughter with the son of Reschid Pacha was definitively fixed for the 16th of August, but that many still doubted if it would take place on that day, on account of the expenses which the fetes and the establishment of the young couple would throw upon the Government. That expense was calculated at more than six millions of francs —an expense which, in the exhausted state of the Imperial treasury, was thought unadvisable. The report was current in Constantinople that Marshal de St. Arnaud was to be recalled, and to be suc ceeded in the command of the army by General Canrobert. Both Riza Pacha and Marshal de St. Arnaud were severely attacked for their prodigal administration of the army. M. de Bruck and Lord Stratford de Redcliffe have been rather cold to each other since the nomination of the Hospo dars of Wallachia and Moldavia. The candidate recommended for one of these posts by Lord Strat ford de Redcliffe was General Maghero. It was believed that the Ottoman Government had aban doned the idea of depriving the Bank of Constan tinople of the firman which gives it a right over the Egyptian tribute. TACTICS OF THE RUSSIANS. A letter from Warsaw, of the 25th ult., in the Ost Deutsche Post of Vienna, says :—" It is certain that new orders have reached Prince Gortschakofl from St. Petersburg to withdraw his troops in a north-eastern direction, following the course of the Aiuta, the first stations being Vrestie, Slobosie, and Salu. It is consequently certain that the Russians will not accept a battle offered to them. The disposable troops in Poland have received orders to march towards the South. There remain at Warsaw only the number of men necessary for the service of the citadel. The last assemblages of troops on the Northern frontier of Gallica have been carried more to the South, and are at present co nplete. Prince Gortschakoff has 950 pieces of cs inon and 200,000 men under his orders." The German Journal of Frankfort contains a letter from St. Petersburg of the 22d ult., which says :—" The corps of Orenburg has been put in movement. The fortresses of Aralsk, Uralsk, Orenburg, the fort Perowski, the forts Nos. 1,2, and 3, that of Karsbutak, and tbat of Nowo- Petrowski are subjected to a severe inspection. The garrisons have been reinforced and replaced by others. A part of these corps can in case of need be employed on the theatre of war in the west." . ne w o s p r i nkrwges s shoi i ifc n ohn t t e ht r esh e t s ei LETTER FRO VI We find aitnnhed t ea h c o t irti hel f en oeflellwo:detailn one of and fd ex treme raisedhx ae ship letter . of July 8. I have just come to Silistria, g iu t s r s e s s io s an , a a w b g na a a td s t i , n ee a n s x. n t ea ci s t m hem. .The first impression on my mind ll st,lleovwenwfoars fora couple possible , that such a p tr l e a of weeks the assaults of a large and well-disciplined a m ce e co w u o l d nd r e e r si army of 80,000 men ? The Turks have made I f 5 . 1.• • o Istria what the European engineers never intended it to be—a place of great str engt h , fit to repulse the attack of divisions of infantry, and to defy the destructive powers of numerous batteries of enormous s t r ength. To tak e S i listria, a third-rate fortress, the Russians, mustering- on the whole 80,000 men on either . bank o f the Danube lay two months before Silistria, and bombarded' that fortress for thirty-nine days. In the course of that time they threw 50,000 . shot an d s h e ll s. Th ey h a d 16 batte ries en the islands of the Danube, commanding the water-side, th e weakest of all the wea k po i nts of Silistria. Th ey stormed almost every ot h er day with large storming columns of sixteen batta lions, and alway s led fresh 'troops into the fire, while the besieged had to repel these attacks with the same troops that fought and bled in the previ ous encounters. And for all that, at the end of 39 days, the Russians, after having two of their gene rals killed an d on :, wounded, were compelled to raise the siege, without having gained possession of a single gun—without having established them selves, even for a day, in any one of the en trenchments, and without carrying off a basket even from that Arab Tabia against which their chief assaults had been directed. The Aral, Tabia is a mere sandhill, open at the gorges, surrounded by a small ditch, and inward by earth baskets, with embrasures for six pieces of artillery. Of these, four were always considered to be silenced by the heavy fire of the Russian bat teries, and there was hardly a day when more than two guns were being worked in the Arab Tabia. The gallant defender's of this entrenchment—Turk ish artillerymen formed in the school of General Rutshkowski and Captain Wendt, supported by Arnouts and Arab sharpshooters—held out to the last amidst an incessant shower of shells, balls, and bullets, which literally rained down upon them. The troops, that had no space to move in the Tabia, and the small ditch at its left flank, lay in hol e s which th ey h a d d ug into the earth, waiting until their turn came to advance and belabour the Rus sians. Th e ar tillery of the Tabia did good execu tion, especially when loaded with grape and canis ter; it p oure d i ts co ntents at a deadly vicinity into the ranks of the storming columns. But what chiefly arrested the progress of these columns was the incessant and well-aimed musketry fire which the Arnouts and Arabs kept up from the battery and their ditch. They singled out the officers, and thus spread consternation among the ranks of the Russians. Still the enemy forced their way more than once into the battery and the ditch ; but on each occasion the Arabs and Arnouts, returning to the charge, expelled them again, and even pursued them into their own trenches. The town of Silistria itself, exposed to th e fi re from the Russian batteries, is in a lamentable con dition. There is scarcely a house but has had a shell through its roof, or a couple of round b a ll s havin g sp li t i ts s id es , and forced their way through and through. The mosques and public buildings are in part unroofed; the church, which the Em peror Nicholas built for the Christians of Silistria, has been burnt by his own artillery. The streets are full of large holea, where the bohlbsforeod their way into the ground, and the pavement is torn up and the stones strewed about with the ex plosions. Of course, the inhabitants of the town were not safe in their lath and plaster houses, which were about the worst places they could be in. They dug holes in their gardens and yards, covered them with rafters and layers of earth, and they lived, an extemporised nation of troglodites, and quaking with fear at night when the bombs and rockets illumined the sky, and the shells fell and burst in every direction around them. Con sidering the heaviness and frequency of the Rus sian fire, the list of eventualities is very small. The besieged had 500 killed on the spot, and 630 wounded. A great many of the wounded died afterwards, for all their wounds, especially those from the conical balls of the Minie rifles, are very severe. No account could be kept of slight casualties, as the men never gave in, or reported their wounds, if they could by any means keep on their legs. The Russian losses are far more severe, and on a moderate computation have been estimated at 12,000. They lost two generals—Selwan, who was killed in au assault, and Schilders, who died after wounds he received. Prince Gortschakoff himself was wounded—whether dangerously or not is not known in Silistria. The reports of the spies on his Serene Highness's condition were confused and contradictory. The Russians had made about 12 miles of lines and trenches round the town, in which they established their batteries and collected their forces previous to the assaults. All the trenches are deep, large, and comfortable, with broad steps, leading up, and in the flanks. The highest credit is due to the Russian engineers for the solidity, and, I might almost say, the finish of their earthworks. Vaults, with divans made of earth, are dug out at the most interesting spots, to serve' as resting-places for the generals, on their rounds through the trenches. The last graves dug in the hurry of departure are close by, and, from their extent, show that the losses in the last days of the siege must have been severe. The last of the dead were buried with great carelessness. I saw arms and legs sticking out of the graves, and actually lying on them. The earlier graves of the Russians, near their, chief camp, show that the for mer burials were conducted with more care and decency. The graves were well covered with earth, sad no traces of defunct mortality remain. The camp itself must have been splendid. The Russians nave done there what they never, by any chance, lo in their own country—they have dug wells and made roads, and excellent roads too. The tents of the generals must have been perfect palaces, the traces on the ground give such indications of size and roominess. THE CAMP AT DEVNO. We extract the following from a letter, dated— Near the Camp at Devno, July 19.—1 t is astonish ing that in the sayings and doings of some 25,000 men there should be so little worth recording—at least, if anything there be, it is confined to the temple of the official Eleusis, under snap locks, fastened up with red tape, or pigeon -holed in the ample recesses of our chieftains' portfolios. Surely our march ought to be sure and ought to be lengthy. If success depends on secrecy, our army ought to be crowned with profusest laurels, however late in their coming. Well matured indeed the plans of our leaders must be ; but Mariana, in the " Moated Grange," was never more weary of these long delays than most of the young officers out here, while time is ripening for the mystic coup. It is actually a delightful relief for them to plunge into the ex citing details of the great beard and moustache question—that weighty matter, as to which dis cussion never ends, and illustration never tires, and which agitates alike the Commander-in-Chief and the meanest. Truth to tell, the orders issued by Generals of Divisions and Commanders-in-Chief have had far more to do with dress and undress, with " neck and crop," and with the capillary li centiousness of the soldiery, than with aught else, and their souls must burn within them at the un dutiful conduct of Bashi-Bazouk subalterns, who will persist in getting out of uniform whenever they can, and getting into the wildest plaids, the most daring checks, and the most vivid shirting that De sign, assisted by Colour, can invent. Why do these Bashi-Bazouks vex their chieftains so ? Simply be cause their uniforms are uncomfortable and mean, and mufti is loose and easy. What stout man of taste would wear a red shell jacket, with dingy green or yellow collar and cuffs, even though no eye but that of a rude Bulgarian peasant or wooden-faced peasantess gazed on his fair proportions, if he could wander forth in a frock or other garment more suited to the development of his figure ? Would any man take out his sword to give it an airing in a rural walk if he could leave it behind and take a stick ? and who, with the thermometer indicating 110 degrees, would wear a neckerchief and stand-up collar if he could go without them ? If a stranger approached our camp he would meet figures which it would puzzle him much to make out, and to define whether they were grooms or gentlemen, so strange their attire, so battered and contused their "wide awakes," so curious their jackets and trouserings and leggings. Very, very hard set indeed are we to kill time while waiting for the harvest of laurels co bud. For the last week there has been a de iightful change in the weather—it rains, thun 'era, lightens, and blows for a great portion of each lay—anything is better than being baked alive. flie rain falls down from the heavens in splashing streams, the thunder is ear-splitting, and rattles for hours through the mountains, the lightning is Forked, fierce, and vivid, and the wind is strong enouji to shake tent poles to their foundation, and sometimes to overturn the saturated canvas on its unhappy occupant. It is in such times as these that ennui comes on a man like a demon, aided very often by diarrhoea, or a gentle dyse n t er y. I t is then that azur e diabolicals flutter down in shoals upon him, and make him think of horrible things, which he announces to his dismal friends, such as "sending in my p a p ers , an d cutting ie whole deuced thing altogether," and then it is that co lonels are consigned to distant and unpleasant places, and generals are denounced as "confounded old humbugs." Books there are few indeed ; I know of one copy of the " 'Trois Mousquetaires," and " Vingt Ans Apres," which is at this present writing going through a regiment in detachments, the main body being bound up in an elastic band, and the bits being distributed in order, a few pages at a time, to the various readers. A cargo of cheap novels would make a famous investment. Not many games can be played, for there are few im plements, but there have been some matches at cricket, at which the sun stumped a good many men, and nearly realised the fearful picture of the " Bat in blisters," drawn by Mr. Alfred Jingle. Dog-hunting was popular ' but it palled after a time, and, besides, it was not in favour with the authorities. Mounted parties of 15 to 20 would ride about the neighbourhood of some village, and it would not be long ere a fierce, wild - looking, and shaggy cur was roused from his lair, and started across the plains at a rattling pace which would do no discredit to a Leicestershire or Gal way Reynard. He generally made for the bills, and got off after a good run, but sometimes he was fairly run down—killed if he was savage, spared if properly submissive. There are, however, occa sional meets still made for this exciting sport. There was a grand battue through the woods the other day by the men and officers of Sir D. L. Evans's division, about four miles from this. About 300 men beat through the woods, but the sport was meagre, consisting of a few roe deer, wood pigeons, doves, &c. Frequently hares run through the camp, and whenever the alarm of such an event is given, men run like mad through thistle, briar, and prickly bush, till poor puss, headed on all sides, and turned by hundreds, takes refuge in some clump of thorn, and is made an easy capture. Last week a wild boar was led by his aspirings after the unknown to take a saunter one moonlight night within the lines. He was seen by a sentry : the men turned out, and Porcus fell, transfixed by many a bayonet, in a plucky but unlucky charge to break the line of his enemy. As yet, the only trophy of which we can boast is a magnificent young eagle, belonging to the 33d regiment. His appetite and iris courage are alike great, and his ferocity is akin to both. We have had races, both at the Guards' ' camp, at Sir D. L. Evans' camp, and at this, and some of them went off well ; but even these are as dat as the course, and have now lost the charm of novelty. There is much talk about "moving soon," and the destination varies according to the whim the talkers. Sebastopol is a favourite resort, so is Anapa ; a few talk of Bucharest. Colonel Halik aas returned. One of the Bth Hussars has died of fever contracted during the recent cavalry recon naissance. Two French engineers, who have just returned from surveying the paAses of the Balkan, report that there are no impediments of consequence to the march of an army over any part of these bugbear mountains. Yesterday, an old woman, said to be Fatima Hanoum, the Karakizla (Black Virgin), Kurdish chieftainess, passed through De vn o on her way from Varna, attended by a rabble rout of 30 or 40 Bashl-Bazouks. She stopped at the rude khan or cafe, and enjoyed her pipe for a time, so tat one had an opportunity of seeing this Turk ish Semiramis. She is a lean, withered, angular old woman, of some 70 years of age, with a face seamed and marked in every part of its dark ma- hoaany-coloured surface with rigid wrinkles. Her nose is hooked and skinny—her mouth toothless and puckered—her eyes piercing black, restless, and sinister, with bleary lids, and overhung by tufty grey brows. Her neck, far too liberally ex hibited, resembles nothing so much as the stem of an ill- con ditioned, gn4rly young olive tree. With most wanton and unjustifiable disregard of the teachings of Mahomet, and of the pre judices of Mussulmans, she shows all her face, and wears no yashmak. Her attire con sisted of a green turban, dirty and wrinkled as her face ; an antiquated red' jacket, with remnants of embroidery, open in front, and showing, as far as mortal sight could gaze upon it, the lady's bosom ; a handsome shawl waist scarf, filled with weapons, such as knives, pistols, and yataghans ; and wide blue breeches. Hanoum is a spinster, and her followers believe she is a pro phetess. The followers were Bashi-Bazouks per sang, very wild and very ragged, and stuck all over with weapons, like porcupines with spines. Their horses were lean and scraggy, and altogether it was a comfort to see this interesting Virgin Queen of the Kurds on her way to Shumla, if, indeed, it was the Fatima Hanoum or some humble imitator. The lady refused to visit our camp, and seemed to hold the Giaour in profound contempt. To-day there was a much more interesting arrival. Some five-and-twenty horsemen rode into the village, attired in the most picturesque excesses of the Osmanli; fine, handsome, well-kempt men, with robes and turbans a blaze of gay colours, and with arms neat and shining from the care bestowed on them. They said they came from Peshawur and other remote portions of the north-western provinces of the Indian Peninsula, and while the officer who was conversing with them was wondering if their tale could be true, the officer in charge of the party came forward and announced himself an English man. It turned out to be Mr. Walpole, formerly an officer in our navy, whose charming book on the East is so well known, and it appeared that the men under his command were Indian Mahomedans, who had come up on their pilgrimage to Mecca, and who, hearing of the Turkish crusade against the Infidels, had rushed to join the standard of the Sultan. They are to be attached to Colonel Beat son's corps of Bashi-Bazouks, and to form a kind of body-guard to the Colonel, whose nanie is so well known in India. Mr. Walpole seems quite delighted with his command, and, as he has the power of life and death, he seems to think there will be no difficulty in repressing the irregularities of his men. Outrages on the Bulgarians are of common occurrence in the neighbourhood, and Sir George Brown has expressed his determination to punish all Turks found guilty of them, and above all to suppress the infamous practice of child-steal ing and kidnapping. ADHESION OF THE GERMANIC DIET TO THE AUSTRO-PRUSSIAN TREATY. The following is a translation of the document containing the adhesion of the Germanic Diet to the defensive and offensive treaty of Austria and Prussia of the 20th of April. This adhesion, it may be observed, was carried by 15 out of 17 votes, in restricted council. The abstainers were the two Mecklenburgs, forming the 14th curie, or vote, and Denmark (for Holstein Luneburg), forming the 10th. Holland has acceded for Luxemburg, but not for Lemburg : "I❑ consideration that his Majesty the Emperor of Austria and his Majesty the King of Prussia have laid before the most serene German Confederation on the offen sive and defensive treaty concluded between them'on the 20th April ult., with an invitation to adhere to the same; in consideration and acknowledgment of the grounds which have induced both the most august Go vernments of Austria and Prussia to conclude and lay this treaty before the constitutional organ of the Con federation ; in consideration of the exalted mi,sion of defending with united power the general interests of Germany, even beyond the federal territory, against all encroachment ; and guided by a desire to stimulate German unity, loyalty, and strength, for the welfare of the common fatherland, by adhering to the said treaty, the German Diet resolves— "1. On the grounds of Art, 2 of the acts of the Con federation, and Articles 1, 35, and 47 of the Vienna concluding acts, in the name of the most serene German Confederation, to adhere authentically through the present declaration, and for the duration of the war that has broken out between Russia on the one side, and Turkey, England, and France on the other, to the treaty concluded between Austria and Prussia for the estab lishment of a defensive and offensive alliance, which treaty runs thus (here follows the body of treaty of 20th April); and also to the extension to Art. 3, con tained in an additional article, which runs thus, (here follows the additional article), under the agreement that his Majesty the Emperor of Austria, and his Majesty the King of Prussia, shall fulfil the engagements en tered into by them, in virtue of Art. 11 of the Federa acts, by means of their entire German and non-German force. " 2. The measures requisite for carrying out the above resolution remain reserved for special consideration. For the purpose of preparing for the same, the special com mittee selected in the sitting of the 24th May ult., shall be charged to place itself in communication with the military committee." STATE OF THINGS IN GREECE. We read in a letter from Athens, of July 22 : At last Mavrocordato has arrived. A French steamer brought him from Syra, where he had ar rived with the Marseilles steamergoing toConstan tinople. The King sent for him to have an inter view; fortunately, King 0 tho's fascinations are lost upon the Premier. He is the only man in Greece of whom this opinion is entertained, by partisan as well as adversary. Mavrocordato has the hardest task which, per haps, ever fell to the share of a Premier. In a country without any public spirit, where a vile in triguing Court has for 20 years carried on a con sequent system of corruption, where the most violent popular passions excited by the late events have hardly subsided, where the So vereign, the sworn enemy of the constitu tion has large sums of money at his disposal, while the public Exchequer is empty,—to be in such a country Prime Minister and responsi ble adviser of a so-called constitut ;t on w a o l uld King be is certainly no ,enviable posit ! nr fl u on foreign absolutely troops ps a tthe P untenable s . ere it t T n h o e n t a k ar r my th o e f 6 0 , c o c o u o_ y to a matter compel o f Greece to a s p t a r t i i c o t n n , e fi u r t s r t a i n t t y7h d a e s d n chiefly becomee neces sity for Greece itself.l n f c i e t was withdrawn perhaps, thdr by the i awnanarcly would be the consequence , moral influence which its presence exercises a salu tary change of the whole system hitherto carried on may be effected. To say that either the allied forces or the new Ministry is popular would be false ; both are endured as necessary evils which cannot be helped. The sight of an army of occupa tion can never be very exhilarating to a people, as it reminds it always of its own humiliation. The Ministry, on the other hand, has made many ene mies by the distribution of places. Everybody knows what a difficult thing it is to satisfy the claimants for employment in the best-governed countries, but few have an idea what an onus patronage is in Greece. You know how former Ministers have obviated this difficulty, by adopting either an auction or byintro ducing a fixed tariff for every employment. By abolishing this practice the new Ministry set nearly the whole male population of Greece above 16 place hunting. The Anglo-French party was of late in such discount that it numbered very few members worth speaking of ; conseqnently, it was not enough to supply the demand for employes ; on the other hand, the Government would not keep in office the employes put there by the Court ; so all those who have had hitherto no places, although most —nay, one may say, all—of them tried hard for it, came now forward as the martyrs of constitutionalism, and as the sufferers for their Anglo-French sym pathies, and claimed places. The Ministry, having, unfortunately, very few good men of its own, and not wanting to employ its avowed adversaries, although these latter wore quite ready to serve, was forced to take many of this mongrel set, which numbers not one known name, and whose mem bers cannot be said to belong to the most dis tinguished class of society. Now that Mavro cordato has arrived, it is hoped that things will settle down. There will be very' likely some changes in the Ministry itself, as Mavrocordato will scarcely be able to carry on, together with his onerous task as Premier, also the Ministry of Finance, which requires so much routine work. The only difficulty will' be to find somebody for the latter place. Unless he be an accomplished alchy mist who has indeed found the philosopher's stone, it cannot be seen how he will klring the Greek budget to an equilibrium. The whole town of Athens, as well as the Piraeus, has been in a state of great excitement since the beginning of this week. The report was spread that the cholera had broken out among the French troops, and that it is begin ning to spread als o among the inhabitants. The truth is, that the mortality among the French troops has increased lately to a fearful degree, and all the deaths are in consequence of a violent diar rhoea or cholerine. Nor is this at all surprising, if one considers the position of the French troops. They are encamped on the bare chalk hill weich separates the Piraaus from the Munichio, under tents which, instead of keeping off the heat, rather concentrate it, by interrupting the current of •air which always prevails near the seashore. They have until lately been obliged to get up at two o'clock in the morning, make a long m arc h, an d exerc i se with ,knapsacks and other burdens. They come back exhausted and dripping with perspiration, eat quantities of bad and unripe fruit, drink shockinc , resined wine, and bathe afterw ar d s f or th e rest of the day in the sea. Besides this, their provisions are bad, as they pay low prices. What nature could hold out against such odds ? One must acknowledge that things are far better managed with . the English troops ; they are in barracks—for which, of course, they pay about three times the price they usually fetch ; they get capit a l meat, because they pay from 85 to 95 lepta, whil e th e French pay 65. Not a single man is allowed to go out.between 11 and 3 o'clock in the afternoon ; they are no over-drilled —and last, but not least, they are so much more cleanly in their hits. One sees strikingly the effect of these arrangements, for since they came here only one man has died, although the heat this year, owing to the continual sirocco, is greater than for the last 20 years. SPAIN. THE NEW MINISTRY. A telegraphic despatch from Paris thig (Wednes. day) morning says the new Spanish Ministry is composed as follows : Duke of Victoria President of the Council. O'Donnell War. Alonso . Justice Lujan Public Works. Santa Crux lnterior. Mollaro Finances. Salazar Marine. Pacheco Foreign Affairs. O'Donnell and Sln Miguel are made marshals. SEVILLE, July 24.—A Consultative Junta has been formed. General Serrano has been appointed Captain - General of Andalusia. A telegraphic despatch, dated Madrid, July 28, says the National Guard is already composed of nine battalions and two batteries of artillery. A decree of the Junta suppresses the Royal Council, and another calls into force the Press Law of 1837. The decree which exiled the Infante Don Enrique to Valencia is revoked. The Junta has also abrogated the prohibition laid on the circulation of certain foreign journals. Another decree orders the arrest and trial of some of the ex-Ministers and also of General Quinto, ex-Governor of Madrid. It is said that the Ministers are concealed in the hotels of the diplomatic body. Queen Christina has not as yet left Madrid. M. Salamanca has been arrested and imprisoned at Albacete. General Lara, Mata-y-Alos, and Quesada, Who commanded the troops in the late struggle, have their choice either to retire to a fixed place of resi dence or to leave the country. It is said that General Blaser's force has "pro nounced" at Baylen. On the 25th General O'Donnell was at Cordova, on his way to Madrid, at the invitation of Espartero and the Junto. Another telegraphic despatch from Madrid, 011 the evening of July 29, states that since the en trance of Espartero into Madrid the state of affair° has improved. The Bourse has re-opened, and the Funds have risen. The Three per Cents. were done at 34, from which price they rose to 35. San Miguel has addressed a circular to the ear tain-generals, demanding the adhesion of the Pr °- vincial juntas to the Queen's authority. PERPIGNAN, July 31.—Barcelona is tranquil• The strike of the workmen has ceased. FR ANCE. For some days past it has been rumoured il l Paris that Prince Napoleon is to resign the ee re mand of his di v i s i on an d to return to Par i s . Let ters received from Varna, of the 16th July, st a v3 that among hi s en t ourage hi s return is consi ders a certain, and that he is already making his prepar a t ; tions to winter in Paris. The same letters st a ' e ,, that both the French and English troops wer e t h e ginning to s h ow di scontent at their inaction/ motives of which th ey are unable to compre hend. ie The Turks al so murmur at the passive assumed by thei r allies, and it is to be feared that if employment- b e not speedily found for the troop/ a bad feeling w ill b e engendered on both s id e s' It is now d ou btf u l if the Emperor will re turn to Paris for th e f e t es o f the 15th of August. The price of w h ea t f e ll i n the markets o f Satur oc. day, at the different towns near Pa r is, from , to n i to 4f. the h ec t o lit re. In the more distant ar'e there is an av erage f a ll of a b out 7f. attitude COURT CIRCULAR. OSBORNE, AUG 1. The Queen and Prince walked out yesterday in the grounds. The royal children also took their usual exercise. The Hon. Mary Bulteel has succeeded the Hon. Lucy Kerr as maid of honour i❑ waiting, and Capt. Du Plat has relieved Colonel Seymour as equerry to the Prince. G. J. Wood, LL.D., member of council of University College of London, and J. Storear, I‘l.D , of University College, had an interview with the Earl-of Aberdeen yesterday, at his official residence in Downing street. The Attorney-General, the Solicitor-General, and Sir Alexander Spearman had an interview with the Chan cellor of the Exchequer yesterday, at his official residence in Downing-street. - Dr. Forbes Winslow had an interview with the Earl of Aberdeen at his official residence, Downing street. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Mary are about to leave Camhridge Cottage, for Cowes, Isle of Wight, where their Royal Highnesses intend to sojourn about three weeks. The Earl and Countess of Cawdor left South Audley street yesterday, for Caw•dor Castle, N. 8., for the sea- WAGES AND LABOUR IN CANADA.—So great is the demand for labour of every kind in Canada, that the farmers are now inducing men to quit the railway and other public works in progress there, by giving thein not only the cash wages they receive from contractors, namely, ,one dollar, or 4s. 2d. sterling a day, but they also furnish them with their board into the bargain. Boys of from 11 to 14 are now found so useful that they are earning, both on the works and as farm servants, from las. to 225. sterling a month and their board. What the latter is may be judged from the breakfast which a gentleman lately saw one of them eat on the Grand Trunk Railway :—a large slice of roast beef, five mealy potatoes, two thick slices of first-class wheaten bread, and an egg-cup of fresh butter, washed down with a pint of unskirnmed milk. How many thousand boys in the old country would think their fortunes made if they had the wages without the board ! Active well-grown lads of 17 receive mens' wages, and no young man past 18 would work for less. About three years ago some 30 0 young girls, of ages from 11 to 15, who had been sent.out.bysunions i n th e wes t an d south-west of Ireland, single, uaweredsgea;memberswithin z b ex ce pt by e pt half ht e past she aoas wishes .tihourtshhhee::e family to of their arrival at Toronto "ab sorbed"_ a s f arm -servants, at farm-houses, at wages from c s i2s, to p, per month. They will be tre'atewdeide ntwhe,eivl and l e nd gb r i every is ni not l r y e m i one n ai w a ha p them i o e s f h i t n h s e t y e r, i at hsoi of 18. AMERICA. (BY ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH.) LIVERPOOL, AUG. 2, 5.55 The Baltic h as arr i ve d thi s morning from T r. ' s ' York, with $557,083 i n spec i e, an d 178 pass!) ll , ,e ,_ . t She brings d a t es f rom N ew Y or k t o the 22d_ e July same The steam-ship Franklin remained in h position, and it was thought s h e would not be got off. e° for In the Sen a t e an e ff or t was being made to the ratificati on o f th e C a nadian reciprocity and fishery treaty, so th a t th e House could act upon it before the adjournment of Congress. On the 21st the Senate passed the bill appropli" ating $8,500,000 for the redemption of Taxa° Bonds. Later accounts have been received from Mexico; the reports of the success of the revolutionists in Michoacan were denied by the official papers, which represent that the rebels had been defeated, their principal chief shot, and their leaders im prisoned. Other accounts assert that the bio l. " rection was progressing. Advices from Havannah to the 14th state that a steamer, belonging to the Nicaragua Transit Com pany, had been wrecked on Coralando reef, we st end of Cuba. Tt ie y e ll ow f ever was on t h e i nc rease. The political n ews con t a i ns no new f eatures . On the 18th Mr. Th os . F ranc i s M eag h er committed a violent as s a u lt on M r . J ames McMaster, editor of the Freeman's J ourna l, k noc ki ng him down i n the street and beati ng hi m a b out the head. Mr,; McMaster fired a revo l ver at hi s assailant, the ball. passing over M r . M eag h er ' s s h oulder. The police apprehended the belligerents, who were both held to bail to keep the peace. The cants belli was an article in the Freeman's Journal reflecting on IVIr• Meagher. Money was unsettled. Second-rate paper rang' ing from 15 t o 18 per cent. Exchange limited' Bills on London 109 to 1091. Low middling cotton in limited demand, and Flour, with a fair export inquiry, had • prices easier. I.lllprOV ed 50c. to 62ic. per barrel ; a firmer feeling existed • for wheat, and only a moderate supply of goo d quality. Mess pork had slightly advanced, but beef was without alteration. Freights dull, and lower rates had been accepted': John Bull, Tornado, and William, from Liver" pool, at New York. PRIVATE AND JOINT-STOCK BANKS. The Banker's Magazine furnishes the returns of cireil c i lation of the private and joint-stock banks in Eng i t and Wales f or th e four weeks ending the Bth of J' y' 1854, and gives the following as the average weekly our" culation of those banks during the past month, viz' Private banks ..... R 3624, 10 2.— Joint-stock banks ************************************** , 686 Average w ee kl y c i rculat i on £ 6 ,554, On comparing the above with the returns for the Pre ceding month, ending the 10th of June last, it shows -- A decrease in the circulation of the private £13 5 , N6 banks o f A decrease in the circulation of the joint-stock 721 banks of Decrease on th e mon th £228, 653 and, as compared with the return for the correspondifig period of last year, viz., July 9th, 1853, it shows -- A decrease in the circulation of the private 93,944 banks of 9a, decrease in the circulation of the joint-stock 359 banks of £18 1 , 393 Decrease on the y ear e d On comparing the above with the amounts of the issues, the following appears to be the comparative state of the circulation : pgS 261 The priv a t e b an k s are below their fixed issues ol '3 5 The joint - s t oc k b an k s are below their fixed issues 6 Total below their fixed issues .a,378,626 COURT OF BANKRUPTCY-(THIS DAY). (Before Mr. Commissioner Holroyd.) Most of the cases during the morning were for audits n which no point of interest transpired. IN RE WAITE. This bankrupt was described as of Wormwood-street, City, butcher, and now came up for his certificate. The balance-sheet, prepared by Messrs. Robinson ant Knowles, Basinghall street, commencing December, 1 851, and ending April, 1854, shows—Debtor to credi tors, 9611 1s 7d ; to ditto bolding security, 8111 16s Id capital, December, 1851, 4731 15s 7d ; profits, 1,5501, on purchases to the amount of 15,9671 7s. Creditor— By good debts, 2621 16s 7d ; cash, 14/ ; property in hands of creditors, 4781 is 5d ; losses, 5881 ; e Thenses, 1 bankrupt ,346/; domestic, e g s r t a i c n , 1 t ed ,l a 6 n 4/ 3s d i mm 4 e the third class. di ate cert t i r fi a c d a e te e o x p; The Earl and Countess of Dartmouth and youthful family have lefeGrosvpnor-square, for Pelshall House, near Wolverhampton. His lordship's family mansion, in St. James's-square, will be occupied next season by the Earl of Derby, who has taken the mansion on a long lease. .7.HE CHOLER A .—S T. BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL. — Eight cases of c h o l era have been admitted into the above hospital ; but a lth ough they were severe, providentially only one ha s p roved fatal—four patients having been dis chargedcoyery. Th ere are two rooms in the casual ward N31:1.° cured, and the o th ers are i n a f a i r way of re. priated f or t h e reception of such patients. In the vicinit3 of the hospital, in the courts and alleys in St. Barthol? mew's-close, an d West-street' Smithfeld, the drainage a exceedingly-b a d . The Commissioners of Sewers for O. City have issued a notice to the inhabitants, .not only tx keep their own places elean, , but to Ziff' a -- 13 -Y _j -- 1 ' !any of the in of any noisome stenches or nuisatiteg. habitants of the neighbourhood have urged A house-to infortnati . of house visitatiott of the above localities. 4