The Sun. — London, England, 1863-01-14 00:00:00

R OYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVE GARDEN. Under the Management of Miss Louisa Fyne and Mr. W. Harrison, Sole Lessees. THIS EVENING, Balfes popular Opera, THE PURI TAN'S DAUGHTER Madlle. Parepa and Miss Susan Pyne ; Messrs. Santley, IV. H. Weiss, Patey, A. St. Albyn, J. Rouse, C. Lyall, E. Dussek, rand AA. Mell W. Harrison. Conductor—M. . After which, the Grand Comic Christmas title d HARLEQUIN BEAUTY AN D THE BEAS Pantomi T. me, en- Doors open at halt-past 6—Commence•at 7. THE A T RE-R OYA L, DRURY-LANE.- Lessee and Manager, Mr. Edmund Falconer. THIS EVENING, the Comio Drama of THE NEXT OF KIN. After which, the Grand Pantomime of LITTLE GO DDY TWO SHOES. Commence at 7. TREAT RE-RO AL, HAY MARKET. Lessee. Mr. J. B. Buckatone. THIS EVENING. at Seven o'clock, will be performed (luR AMERICAN COUSIN. Asa Trenchard, Mr. Buck stone ; Lord Dundreary, Mr. Sothern. After which, a new and original Extravaganza, entitled RASSELAS, PRINCE OF ABYSSINIA.; or, The Happy Valley. Rasselas, Miss Louise Keeley. Concluding with MRS. WHITE. THEATRE.ROYAL LYCEUM OPEN, under the Sole Management of Mr. PECHTER. ITHIS EVENING (WEDNESDAY). January 14, and every evening during the week, to commence with an Original Sketch, entitled A SUDDEN ATTACK. Messrs. Shore, Garden, H. Widdicomb, Miss Henrade, and Mrs. Lee. After which, at a Quarter to Eight, a New Romantic Drama, in Three Acts, and Prologue, entitled THE DUKE'S MOTTO, by Paul Feval and John Brougham. The principal character will be sustained by Mr. Fechter , supported by _Messrs. G. Vining., J. Brougham, H. WW I I combe, W. M'lntyre, P. Charles, Garden, Raymo:d , Butler, Dawson ; Misses Carlotta Leclercq, Sate T Lavenue, and Elsworthy. Mr. Phelps and Mr. W. Montgomery are engage d ' and will shortly appear. oe to commence Doors open at half-past Six, perform AA :, I nd £2 28. Places at Seven. Private Boxes, £2 Vs. , Circle, 5 8 , 6d.; Upper registered. Stalls, 65. 6d. ; Dress. es.; Dress Circle, is. ; Cle, 45. 6d. Prices at doors—stalls. No half-price. Box nery. la. UPPer Circle, 4s. ;Pit, 2s. ; Ga public are entreated to office open daily from 11 . is Made to the occupants of boxes, f d o a r n t t l e i n s a a t l e l k p e a e r p t s take notice that no eh rg box places, or stalls. inc." of hats and etoal9l_ est t - il e ee n r and that l l a s t t o e r n of house are forbidden to receive any gratuities whatever Mr. G. Vining. Acting-Manager, Mr. H. Stage-Manager. Barnett OYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. 1 ) Lessee and Manager, Mr Lindus. THIS EVENING, THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE. Mr. H. Marston, Mr. Wallace Miss Constance Aylmer, Miss M. Oliver. and Mrs. B. White. After which, the New Grand CHRISTMAS PANTOMIME, " RIQUET WITH THE TUFT ; or, Harlequin and Mothe- Shipton." Mr. G. Belmore, Mr. C. Se ylon, Misses Gray and Hudspeth, Mr. Milano, Mr. R. Power, Miss A. Collinson, and Mr. H afford. NEW THRATRE-R0 YAL, ADELPHI.— ' Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, THE LI TLE THE A SURE. Mr Billington, Mr. R. Phillips, and Miss Marie Wilton. After which, A TICKET OF LEAVE : Messrs. J. L.Toole, P. Bedford, and Mrs. Billington. To conclude with " GEORGE DE BARNVirELL : or, harlequin Folly in the Realms of Fancy." Miss Woolgar, Miss IC. Kelly, Miss Seaman ; Messrs. J. L. Toole, P. Bed ford, Slephenson, C. J. Smith. Harlequin, Mr. John Lauri; Columbine, Miss Caroline Adams Clown, Mr. W. Hildyard ~i n taloop, Mr. J. rdulo. The celebr tted Arthur and 'Bertrand. Commence at 7. .--____=----- ---- The WEATHER.--Suu. Office, Jan. 14, 1863. THERMOMETER. Highest since Noon yesterday Lowest during the night This day at N00n..... - -- .Barometer-30.25; rising rapidly. Wind—Easterly. Weather fine and clear. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. — Tins Des.—Morniliz., 7h. 59m.—Afternoon, Bh. 32m. To-moußow.-Morning, 9h. 6m.—Afternoon, 9h. 50m. a i V • , ~,.... _ 3 g (MRI* * AMO -... ON LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 14, 1863. On Tuesday, at Halifax, Sir CHARLES WOOD and Mr. STANSFELD addressed their constituents. Sir CHARLES commenced by congratulating himself upon the long period during which he had sat for Halifax. He said that thirty years was longer than most members sat for any particular borough, "and certainly longer than any Minister had re presented one particular constituency." He stated that last June he had fully explained his views in respect to the Government of India. He complained of the blame that had been imputed to him in re gard to his conduct of affairs, but he maintained that it was unjust and without foundation. It must be confessed that the subsequent passages in his speech did not tend to confirm this assertion. No thing could be more unsatisfactory than the tone which he adopted on the subject of Indian cotton. It has been a subject of regret to many that Lord STANLEY was so soon removed from the direction of Indian affairs, and certainly after this oration at Halifax the regret will be increased tenfold. Sir CHARLES WOOD seems totally to ignore the prin ciples of political economy, when he dis - conrages the extension of Indian commerce. The following sentence comes strangely from a member of a Government 'who pride them selves so greatly on the French Treaty and the extension of free trade. "It had been sug gested to the Government to place a premium on the exportation of cotton from India on the ground of policy, and it was justified, because, as he had said, every pound of cotton that it was possible to send had been sent from India." It may be asked if this is the case where would be the benefit of the premium. This is certainly a new method of in ducing manufacturers to purchase, but it is not likely to prove a very successful one. When Sir CHARLES mentions it as an insuperable difficulty that the " ryots" would cultivate the plant if re munerative, he forgets that it is the fault of his own Government that left the monopoly of so important a branch of commerce in the hands of the natives. English capital and enterprise, if allowed free scope some years ago, would have effected very different results at this important juncture, but all such efforts were discouraged. Also he seems to overlook the fact that the expense of transit will be very much diminished when the roads are completed. This is the more strange because he mentions himself how fast they are progressing with public works in India, and states that " by the time the next year's crop of cotton is ready there would be at least two main roads completed and available for its transport." Neither can we coincide with Sir CHARLES WOOD'S notions when he states that it is not his duty to consider the welfare of the people of Lancashire, but to confine himself to the good of the natives of India. Are they not fellow subjects under one Crown, and should they not work in con cert? Besides commerce is a connecting link be tween divers nations and separate states, a better exponent of the doctrines of fraternity than the fierce denunciation of revelutionists. The mission of commerce has been truly described as that of ‘, bringing to the frozen n ort h th the burning tropics, and making t e he p ro d uc ti o ns of whole world I contribute to the daily happin ess of every home.' Should the ministers reach the end of the session so soon to commence in the enjoyment of the pri vileges of office, they certainly will not sing p ooE ,„ of praise to the Indian Minister as the pilot whu has weathered the storm that now han.s over them, if the views enunciated at Halifax are to be the future policy for India, Mr. STANSFELD followed Sir CHARLES WOOD. and gave some of his opinions to his constituents. He dilated on the question of Reform; he sail that he had been returned their member at an election which he believed had been entered upon for the purpose of settling that ques tion, but he feared he could not say that they had fulfilled their mission. hon. member spoke strongly, and i n s c ale respects correctly, on this point. He said that the "Government had mt ful filled its pledges, an d the Liberai party in the House had not held it to those Pledges, So far Mr. STANSFELD is right enongt, and it does him great honour to see that he has the courage to say b 0 11 the presence of a Cabinet Minister. When he went on to throw the chief blame on the Conservative party, however, he does not ezhibit the same s t ra i g htforwardness. No censure can be too great for the conduct of Lord RUSSELL at that time, and the events of the two years in which Reform was mooted in the House proved, in the first placa, that he had rather go without it than allow others the credit of bringing it forward; and secondly, that he had not the same energy and earnestness in office as in opposition. If, as Mr. STANSFELD said, the Conservatives were so averse to the measure, why did not be and his friends take advantage of the golden opportunity when they had submitted a bill on the question to the consideration of the House. We cannot better dismiss this subject for the present than in the words of Mr. STANSFELD—gg Reform col lapsed, and in collapsing left such Et stain upon the Liberal escocheon that there was no future for them until they wiped it away." After touching on the several important points of foreign policy, Mr. STANSFELD concluded by stating it to be his intention to continue the efforts for retrenchment he began last session—" He adhered now to the course he then took, and upon the path he then entered he should unhesitatingly proceed." In this laudable endeavour he certainly deserves success; and, should the much desired object be attained of put ting a stop to the present extravagant expenditure, certainly Mr. STANSFELD may lay claim to the merit of initiating the discussion of the question by his zeal and energy. We have had already descriptions, military and non-military, of the battle of Fredericksburg, but all from the North, The last one was from a Cana dian surgeon well posted on the Federal side of the Rappahannock, who contradicted all the military reports of the courage displayed by the Federal soldiers in their successive attacks, and described them es a" carnival of cowardice !" We have now a full-length photograph from quite a different posi tion and artist. The long letter which we gave yesterday from an English correspondent in the Confederate camp, must give as trustworthy a de scription as that of the Canadian surgeon ; and, as a partisan of the South, he cannot be suspected of magnifying the merits of the Federal soldiers. Yet no two accounts can be in stronger contrast than those of the Canadian and the Englishman, who were, for the occasion respectively, the favourers of the North and of the South. The Englishman on the Southern side confirms, to the letter, those reports of Northern courage which drew from the PRESIDENT the formal and hearty thanks to the army which he has so rarely proffered, and fully justifies the report of the Generals. The explanation we take to be that the surgeon, though truthfully describing what he did see, saw but a part of the field. Indeed, he could do no more, since it extended over six miles, and his part happened to be just that where the regiments were placed which BURNSIDE himself stated did not do their part. Oar contemporary's Special Correspondent, writ ing from Confederate headquarters, and having for days before made himself familiar with all the lines, and seemingly with each battery of the Confederates, was certainly in a position to give a clear and comprehensive view of the whole. Sub stantially, as might be expected, his account agrees with those who looked at the Southern lines from the other side. From him, also, we have a de scription of six miles of Confederate batteries, encircling the town of Fredericksburg, and much the strongest on their left, where the Federals could make no impression at all ; more on equality with those of the Federals on their right, where con fessedly the Federals under FRANKLIN, and the Confederates under JACKSON, maintained a more equal fight, the former making many prisoners, and almost succeeding in turning the Confederate flank. But the left of the rebels, on which the strength of the attack was thrown, is described as really impregnable, and as being such works as no intelligent General would think of assailing. He adverts to the satisfaction which LEE must have felt when he saw his enemy determining to attack him in the very part of his line in which he felt complete confidence. This Southern Correspondent, after a brief ab sence at Richmond, arrived just in time to witness the commencement of the attempt to cross by pontoons on the Confederate right. He mentions that the construction of one bridge was intention ally not opposed, because it would land the Federals just where the plain was swept by the Confederate cannon. He describes the resistance to the forma tion of one at the town itself, with little difference from former accounts, but the Confederates appear to have thought their opponents had fifteen, or perhaps thirty bridges, instead of the six which we know they had. The Confederate batteries did not open fire at this time, lest they should betray their position too early. Their game was not yet in the net. They did not desire to keep their enemy at too great a distance; they saw that " the enemy was about to force an attack under circumstances which would have insured defeat, had the onslaught been made by the bravest and best-disciplined troops of Europe," and which, reduced, he adds, " the rout of the disheartened and loosely coupled troops of General BURNSIDE to an absolute cer tainty." While the left round Fredericksburg was thus strong, he yet observes, " that even in its weakest points the Confederate line possessed great advantages of position." And the whole Confederate army, from the Commander-in-Chief to the dr Am mer boy, understood their position, and were encou raged to any requisite exertions by confidence in its strength. This was the state of things on the 12th• It was on the 13th that the dreadful work began. Confident in their strength the Confederates awaited, mostly concealed by a fringe of woods, the Federal attack. The defending army did not exceed, we are assured, 80,000 or 90,000 men, and of these not more than 25,000 took part in the fight. But then, the 25,000 were almost indefinitely multiplied by the skilfully chosen position the writer has de scribed. We notice the remark, however, because he tells us that the Confederate Generals have de ! sired rather to keep down than to swell the num bers of their army. They have already learned to trust more to efficient, than to monster armies ; an d they think suc h an army as LEE commanded that day is a match for an army of any magnitude w hi c h could be brought against them. Several episodes 0 f the conflict w ere interesting enough, and worth the reader's w hile to turn back t o if The aristocratic name of have overlooked them. he should PELHAM, borne by a steady young artillery offi cer of 22, in charge of a by the to very n ear t h e enemy, was honou red s i ng l e gun, advanced cool courage of its American representative —and as regards General LEE riding along the front of his lines, with his Staff, two hours before the en gagement, the appropriate description is conceived to be the "Antique Heroism" ascribed by Marshal ARNAUD to Lord RAGLAN. We need not dwell on the "gallantly led and encouraged' attacks of the Federals on the irn • pregnable defences of their opponents. After some little preliminary affairs, one " Southern correspondent" thus describes the hotter hours of the battle-field : " The cannonading now became general along the entire line. Such a scene, at once terrific and sublime, mortal eye never rested on before, unless the bombardment of Sebastopol by the combined batteries cf France and England revealed a more fearful manifestation of the hate and fury of man. The thundering, bellowing roar of hundreds of pieces of artillery, the bright jets of THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 14, 1863, ________ issuing name, the screaming, hissing, whistling, shrieking , projectiles, the wreath of smoke as shell after shell burst into the still air, the savage crash of round shot among the trees of the shattered forest, formed a scene likely to sink for ever into the memory of all who witnessed it, but utterly defying verbal delineation. A direct and enfilading fire swept each battery on either side as it was unmasked, vol ley replied to volley, crash succeeding crash, until the eye lost all power of distinguishing the lines of combatants, and the whole plain seemed a lake of fire, a seething mass of molten lava, coursed over by incarnate fiends drunk with fury and revenge." Few, we presume, of our readers would wish to be even spectators of such a scene, unless at a distance which - would require Lord Ross E's teles cope, to make it at the same time visible and safe ; but then the thunders of the battle would lose half I their roar. One impression the letter on which we com ment leaves on the mind of the reader, and that is, that the North, as officered at present, has no mili tary chance of success against the South. Where its gunboats can sail, its naval men are evidently up to their work. And the extent of country which they can penetrate is vast indeed, in the Northern continent. But the North has produced no men to compare with LEE and LONGSTREET, with JACKSON and STUART, and the Guerilla MORGAN. The ill.clad soldiers are described as being thoroughly merry and jovial under all their hardships ; and their confidence in their comman ders doubles the value of every fighting man. It will probably, however, require the whole term of Mr. LINCOLN'S Presidentship to convince the North that its hired masses cannot beat the Southern conscripts, after the latter have learned their les son in the school of LEE, JACKSON, and STUARTS. Lord CARNARsoN's recent exposure of the mis management of Winchester gaol seems to have aroused the attention of other county magistrates. The Earl of HARDWICKE, struck by the disclosures made by his lordship, has thought it advisable to ascertain whether affairs were conducted in the same comfortable easy-going fashion in his own neighbourhood. Accordingly, at the Cambridge shire Quarter Sessions, the noble earl took the op portunity of putting a few questions to the go vernor as to the treatment of prisoners in the county gaol. The management is less ex travagantly indulgent than that of Winchester, but it certainly does not come under the head of severe punishment. The Cambridgeshire defini tion of hard labour is, it would seem, six hours and a half oakum-picking or mat-making a-day, with one hour's exercise in the open air. Well might Lord HARDWICKK put the pertinent inquiry— "Do you consider six hours labour a day hard." To which he received the following astonishing reply, " Well, they are obliged to be kept at it. Perhaps the labour is not so hard as digging!" It is not surprising that under this terrible infliction of six hours a day the prisoners grumble at their work. Those happy mortals who have been tailors, shoemakers, or carpenters, are allowed to follow their own trades instead of the obt.oxious oakum-picking. It is no doubt desirable that their knowledge of a trade should be turned to some account, but we submit that there is not much punishment in a man working at his own trade for about half the time that he would do if he had to gain his living by it outside the walls. With regard to the oakum-picking, Lord HARDWICKE'S nautical experience was unfavourable to the injured innocents who disliked the employment, in asmuch as he stated ha had often seen a whole crew working at it, even the sick being put to this labour. So that the work which a sick sailor is deemed capable of afloat becomes hard labour on terra _firma within the walls of Cambridge Gaol. The diet is on a more moderate scale than at Win chester ; but there is much point in 11 letter to a morning contemporary, which quietly compares the workhouse dietary with the prison fare. In winte r the prisoners are allowed four blankets, in summer three; a pleasant contrast to most labourer;.' cot tages, when we remember that they live i❑ a pro perly warmed and ventilated abode. Yet with this moderate allowance of labour, sufficiency of good food, open air exercise, and ten hours' rest at night under four blankets, the prisoners, we are told on the authority of the governor, unanimously stigmatise Cambridge Gaol as the most uncomfort able gaol in England ! It reads like a satire on our prison system, and reminds us of LEECH'S inimitable flunkey turning away in disgust from the leg of mutton and greens. Lord HARDWICKE justly remarked that the treatment of the human being as a prisoner was one of the most difficult problems we have to deal with. " We must not treat him as a brute, but take care that he is placed under a kind of severe tuition. The man's mind and body must be sustained, but sustained in such a manner as to make the operation excessively disagreeable to himself." This happy medium is certainly not attained under the mild regime of Cambridgeshire gaol, albeit it is " the most uncomfortable in England." Lord HARDWICKE need not have apologised foi bringing forward the subject, for it is the duty of all county magistrates to see that the ends of justice are really met by the conviction of offenders. But we do not hope much from isolated cases. The whole system of our secondary punishments needs a thorough re vision and reform, and it is with some regret that we see the Recorder of Bath, in his address to the grand jury, defending the present ticket-of-leave system, and making no comment on the unsatisfac tory state of our gaols as places of punishment and reformation. With regard to the latter portion of his address, although fully sensible of the benefits of increased education, we cannot hope that crime will diminish in proportion to the numbers who can read and write. We fear that the want of the rudiments of knowledge common among convicted criminals is not an efficient test. Too often the ignorant dupe bears the brunt of the crime, while the sharpwitted and better educated instigator of the mischief contrives to elude conviction. We do not wish to depreciate the extension of knowledge, but it will not supply the place of better moral training; for although, as the learned Recorder observed, the educated man has infinite opportunities of changing his mode of living, while he who depends on manual labour has no honest alternative when work fails, we must remember that fresh temptations are open to the dishonest accountant, the embezzling clerk, the forger, the begging-letter writer, and many others. Two points must be aimed at with re gard. to the suppression of crime—the train ing of the young in habits of religion, morality, and industry, and the enforcement of a salutary dread of the terrors of offended justice. The first of these objects is being striven for by our ragged schools, refuges, and reformatories; the second We have yet to look to by the improvement of our convict system. MAP OF FREDERICKSBURG. Paternoster-row, have Messrs. Bacon and Co., of just i ssue d a sma ll but effective m s p of the Battle tiAd o f F re d er i c k s b urg , the head quarkrs and batterie s c l ear l y mai k t d. The pontoon bridg cs over the R appahannock, crosse d by Generals Sum - ner, Hooker, and Franklin, are also indicated, and the most important distances stated. It is, we understand, one of a shilling series of American war maps, which are likely at the present crisis to have large circulation. IST INTELLIGENCE. project, General Prim should have followed its example. None of the Plenipotenliaries had done his duty at the first conference, The treaty of Soledad, recognising Juartz, was an absurdity, as a monarchical party does not exist in ►'?exico. General Prim, in epposing General Almante, and France in supporting him, were both oblivious of the promised neutrality in Mexico. It is asserted upon reliable information that Senor Calderon Collantes, the Minister for Foreign Affairs, has resolved upon tendering his resigna- FRANCE. PARIS, JAN. 13. The Pays thinks that the selection of Mgr. Darbay as Archbishop of Paris, will meet with general approbation both from the public and from the clergy. He is well known in Paris, where previously to having worn the mitre, he exercised the functions of titular Vicar-General of the metro polis, to which he was called by Mgr. Sibour. He enjoyed a high reputation for science and virtue, and was regarded as an enlightened prelate, mild and tolerant. He was formerly Pro fessor of Philosophy in the seminary of Langres, and was afterwards almoner of the col lege Henri IV. Mgr. Sibour appointed him hono rary Vicar-General, with the task of supervising the religious instruction in the colleges of the diocese. These divers functions he filled with credit, and in his literary works he displays a high degree of tolerance and goodness. 'the Pays con cludes by expressing its conviction that the suc cessor of Cardinal Morlot meets perfectly the general wish and the necessities of the time. The National states that the Emperor's speech, which contained 1,332 words, was despatched to London by the electric telegraph, which employed six wires for the transmission. At hz.lf-past one it was all sent to London, and by a quarter to two it was published in extenso by the Times. The telegraph was employod with the same rapiday for Vienna, Turin, and Brussels. The first notice of the marriage of Marshal Can robert with Miss nacdonald took place last Sunday. The Gazette des Theatres announces that the new piece of M. Sardo, " Les Diables Noirs," is forbidden. The Corps Legislatif was opened today by its President, the Duke de Moray, who expressed his gratitude for the sentiments contained in the Speech of the Emperor, and hoped the deputies would not lose sight of the fact that their language and atti tude would have a considerable influence upon the mind and conduct of the electors. f The Duke de Morny further said : " Far the past five years you have unhesitatingly given the Government your devoted assistance. If you will compare the rights and prerogatives of which you were possessed at the beginning of the session with those you now enjoy, and will recall to mind the measures modified or withdrawn by your loyal influence, you will acknowledge that your part has been the more efficacious and useful, be cause it has been conciliatory and moderate. Let us hope that the voice of the country whi prolong this position of affairs, which prevents the consti tution of France from being assailed because it is capable of improvement, which allows a gradual development of liberty, and which bases the Im perial dynasty upon imperishable foundations." The speech of the Duke de Morny was received with applause. BOURSE, Jan. 13.—The market still continues very heavy, and the limited amount of business done shows a further decline. Threes, for the Ac. count, are now at 70fr. sc. The Railway Share Market also dull, and with lower prices for some of the lines. The market closed as follows : 41 per Cents. 9B 30 Do. end month 3 per Cents Do. end month 7O 10 New 3 per Cents Do, end month — Credit NI obilier 1130 Do. end month 1132 50 BAIL' Bank Shares 3350 Credit 14 oncier 1445 Piedmontese Fives Italian Loan 7O Russian Austrian Spanish Threes, 5l 75 Home Debt .. 491 'AYS. Cash. Account. Orleans lOB2 50 .. 1082 50 Northern New ditto • -- • • Lyons and Mediterranean 1177 50 .. 1180 Geneva.. Southern . Western Eastern •••• ......... • Sardinian Austrian LOl7.bard North of Spain Saragossa Ditto to Barcelona -"" • • 810 - 812 60 545 - .. 545 - 527 50 „ 627 50 360 - - 515 .. 516 25 597 50 .. 600 - 522 50 .. 525 - 655 - .. 655 325 - .. 330 - P ORT U GAL. LISBON, JAN. 8. The governmental measure creating 27 new peers has been generally received with disapprobation. A subscription has been set on foot. in Lisbon to assist the distressed Lancashire operatives. The tug steamer Torre do Belew, Captain Louis Burney, belonging to a Glasgow company, has res cued 120 fishermen and 11 boats which were in peril off the bar of Figueira. The tug went at the re quest of the Portuguese Government, which has offi cially testified its thanks to the captain. Don Fernando continues firm in his refusal of the throne of Greece. The late severe weather has done considerable damage to the railway works in Portugal, Her Majesty's ships Warrior, Black Prince, Re venge, and Resistance, have returned from their cruise. The weather continues wet and stormy. Excbango on London, 90 days, 54.1 ; Paris, 5.30; Hamburgh, 481 ; Rentes, 48i. WEST INDIA AND PACIFIC MAILS. SOUTHAMPTON, JAN. 14. The Royal Mail Steamship Seine has arrived here with the above mnils, 53 pasengers, £217,893 ster ling in specie, and 2,858 packages of cargo. She left St. Thomas on the 30th ult., and experi enced light winds and fine weather throughout the passage. She passed the Tasmanian with the out ward mails on the 31st 60 miles from St. Thomas. On the 12th the Seine spoke the British bark Lady Raglan. The news from Chili is satisfactory. The Govern vernment was doing all in its power to facilitate progress throughout the country, and fostering rail ways and other public works. The silver mines were turning out productive, and the late ris w in copper had given a great im pulse to that branch of trade. There had been a great influx of gold. bars at the Mint of Santiago. _ The President of Chili had accepted the resigna tion of Senor Lastarria, Secretary of the Treasury. Ile British residents in Valparaiso had appointed a committee for raising subscriptions on behalf of the Lancashire operatives. _ In Peru much difficulty was experienced by the Congress and Senate on the subject of the current coin, causing considerable embarrassment. The Minister of Finance had offered drafts on London at 413 d., but ❑o response was made. The rate of exchange was quoted at 43d. per 'no survey of the Guano Islands had been con cluded. The stock remaining was 7,000,000 tons, which, at the present rate of exportation of 43,000 tons per month, gives 14 years for clearing the islands. THE FORGERY BY A CIARGYMAN.—At the Blackburn Town Hall, on Monday, the Rev. Joseph Wood, incumbent of Clayton-h;.-Moor, near Blackburn, was brought up on remand, before Messrs. Hoole and Baines, on the charge of forging and uttering a forged receipt for £4OO, purporting to bo an acceptance or receipt for £4OO from the Commissioners for the Reduction of the National Debt. The theory of the defence on behalf of the prisoner was that the prosecution had originated in a malicious feel ing against the rev. gentleman, and that one person who had not shown himself in front had °tiered to make up £2OO if the rev. gentleman would vacate his incumbency. The bench committed the prisoner for trial at the ensuing assizes, LITERATURE. C, Driftwood, Seaweed, and hallen Leaves. By the Rev. S. Cumming, D.D., F.R.S.E. Two vols. Hurst and Blackeß;-. If Dr. Cumming had compressed the collection of miscellaneous papers which bears this singular title into at least half its present compass, the re suit would have been more satisfactory to his readers : if he had likewise borne in mind that the affairs of the Papacy do not occupy the same posi tion in very one's view that they do in his own, it would likewise have been more creditable to himself. Dr. Cumming is one of the many able and earnest men who find it difficult to act up to their own precepts. He says in his preface, "He is a narrow minded bigot who denounces every estimate of men and things which is not taken by his side and in his light. What he thinks prejudice may be true philosophy ; what he sets down as sectarianism may, be a side-light at truth." We recommend the reverend doctor to study his own teaching, and we shall not again meet with essays entitled, " The Wild Beast and his Keeper," or coarse ex pressions of abuse referring to eminent digni taries of a faith which may differ from his own. The subject of Catholicism, or " Popery," as he courteously designates it, appears to possess fatal fascination for Dr. Cumming, his s(cond volume containing nearly thirty essays on subjects directly connected with it. We meet t ith " The Pope in Extremis," " The Cardinal Crow ing," "An Imperial Penitent," "The Court. of Rome and the Jesuits," at every turn of the leaf, till we are inclined to think the work must have been penned for the purpose of reacting over the ashes of defunct Guys on the memorable fifth of November. The author remarks that " Driftwood makes a cheery fire of a winter evening," but certainly such driftwood as we have here can only be intended for the bonfires that adventurous urchins delight to raise to the memory of Fawkes. Such in tolerance is the more to be regretted because the author can sometimes rise entirely above it. Thus in a paper on India and England, he deals with the religious difficulties of our Indian adminis tration in a fair, temperate, and manly spirit. "In India," he says, after asserting his advocacy at home of an established Church, " we are so few, and the dindoo and Mahommedan population so many —their hatred of Christianity so fierce, and their disposition to construe the least aggressive reli gious effort on the part of the Government into an assault o❑ their superstition is so constant, that in these special circumstances, and in the exercise of the conciliation without compromise, we are bound to tolerate all creeds, and at present support none, in India, by grants from the public treasury. Let our representatives provide abundantly chaplains for British troops, and leave open doors and freedom of action to the labours and preaching of our missionaries, and suffer no man to be injured because he holds fast or abjures his creed, because he belongs to a low caste or a high one. But let there be no attempt to bribe or coerce the consciences of any ; no donations to Brahma or Budha or Juggernaut, no insult to the greatest superstition compatible with law and order, and yet no concealment of our precious and glorious faith." Just and wise as these words undoubtedly are, we cannot but fear that had the Pope been in autho rity in Hindostan, they would never have been written. This inveteracy narrows much of the in terest of the work, which otherwise might have been read by Protestants and Catholics alike. Dr. Cumming writing on Ragged Schools, on American Poets and Prose Writers, on Practical Education, on Types of Preaching, on the Changes of the Year and the Warnings of the Seasons, is very different from Dr. Cumming assaulting the Jesuits or jnbilating over the anticipated overthrow of the Papacy. There are often passages which dis play good sense, discernment, and even eloquence, although the latter quality has some extravagance as a drawback. A fervent admiration of the beau ties of nature is also largely shown, while there is throughout the earnest advocacy of a religious life which might be expected from an eminent preacher like Dr. Cumming. We cite a passage from a paper on Religion and Public Life which affords a favour able specimen of Dr. Cumming's style and teaching unwarped by religious intolerance : One of the fatal errors of the day is the notion that reli gion and politics ought to be dis-ociated. With the be lievers in this theory, religion is regarded as a nun, vi"ible on Sundays, but of necessity shut up in cloistral sequestra • tion during the week. They think Christianity an outer garment, must becoming at church, but of far too delicate and ethereal a fabric to be worn in the traffic, turmoil, and contentions of every-day work. In these notions there is a fatal misapprehension. We are no advocates of a preten tious and Pharasaic Christianity. We suspect the piety that cannot write an invitation to dinner without inter spersing it with texts, or converse on the weather without dragging in reflections precious in themselves, but insulted and injured by thoughtless and irreverent handling. Re ligion, as the inspiration of politics, is neither heard nor seen, but felt. It is not the electric element in the jar, sparkling and crackling, but the same element pervading the earth, warming and fertilising, and discovered in after days only in the golden harvest of autumn. True religion should regulate national policy, rule the market, preside at the exchange, decide the vote of the citizen, and inspire the speech of the canjidate. It should reign everywhere. In truth, all space is temple ground, all acts worship, and all hours divine; and everywhere, and in every relation of social life, man is to be—not talk or pretend, but be—the Christian. We ought to carry into all life's individucl eddies or national cataracts—into its hidden nooks and public places, its bypaths and common roads—the whole force and splendour of a celestial prescence, evermore striving to raise the temperature of earth to that of heaven, and to mould the policy of nations after that of the " king dom that cannot be moved." We close these volumes with regret that a man of character and standing should have thought fit to publish such wholesale abuse of the faith of so large a body of his fellow -creatures, instead of inculcating the charity that hopeth all things, the love and forbearance which all who assume the name of Christians were commanded to bear to one another. Surely, it would be more consonant with the office of a Christian minister of any denomination to encourage that toleration which is always among the rarest of the virtues, than to encourage those fierce antagonisms and jealous hatreds ever too ready to spring up between those of opposing creeds. It is not by angry denunciations that he will succeed in confirming the waverer and detach ing the convert. Only those who think exactly as he does can find pleasure or profit in such discourse, and we reiterate our regret that so large a presence of the polemical element should interfere with the satisfaction of the general reader who culls these " fallen leaves." THE MARCHIONESS OF QUEENSBERRY.—The following letter appears in the Globe :—" In your columns of the 2d or 3d inst. you inserted a statement re garding- the Marchioness of Queensberry, which from beginning to end was utterly false. Your correspondent omits to state why her ladyship quitted England, so that to people (who are ignorant of the reason, and reading his account) it would appear that her ladyship had com mitted a crime, and on that account been obliged to leave England. The crime, if crime there be, consisted in her ladyship having thought proper to change her views and become a Catholic, and for fear of being deprived of her children she went for safety to the Continent. But the main cause of my writing to you is to contradict entirely the statements made about the night departure, the letter of defiance, and the change of name. Her lady ship started from her residence at 11 in the morning, and not at night. Her ladyship left no letter of defiance, and never wrote at all till she was in France, when she wrote to the guardians and law officers to say how sorry she was for the trouble she wai giving them. And lastly, her lady ship never went by the name of firs. Brown at Boulogne, nor any other name but her own. Your correspondent then goes on to say that no expostulation, no offer of conciliation, and no argument will induce her ladyship to bring her three younger children back to Scotland. On the contrary, her ladyship will return with them directly a prnmise is given her that she may bring them up after her own views." VERDICT OF WILFUL MURDER.—Tt will be re membered that a serious case of assault took place at Berwick on the night of the Ist November, being hiring day, when a farm servant named Thomas Hamilton was inveighied into heavy drinking by a man of indifferent cha racter, named William Deans, robbed by him of his watch and money, and kicked so severely in the back that his spine was fractured, and he died Dtc. 25. An inqut st has since been held on the body, which, after repeated adjourn ments and a minute inquiry into the facts, terminated on Friday evening, when the jury, after a quarter of an hour's deliberation, returned a verdict of wilful murder against the prisoner, William Deans. Deans wit be tried at the spring assizes for Northumberland. He has already confessed to robbing the deceased, but denies that he [assaulted him.—.Eatnburgh Courant. AMERICA. NEW YORK, JAN. 3 (Afternoon). (Per Bohemian.) It is reported that fighting has been renewed at Murfreesboro'. Both belligerents have been heavily reinforced. Th,l Richmond Whig contains a violent article upon England for refusing to co-operate with France for mediation in America, and says--" Eng land could have made fast friends with the South, but that time has now gone by for ever." COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. Money abundant; gold 33-,1 prem. Exchange on London : bankers' bills, 1471 148. Stocks fiat ; New York Centrals, 1073, ; Illinois shares, 83 ; Erie, 662. (Per Etna, Roohe's Point, Jan. 13, 5.25 p.m.) NEW YORK, JAN. 8. The President's Proclamation was not published until the 2d. It declares for ever free the slaves in Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia, except in certain counties and districts occupied by the Federal forces, and that their free dom will be recognised and maintained by the Go vernment and military and naval authorities of the United States. All the Border Slave States are ex empted. The proclamation enjoins upon the people so declared free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defence, and recommends to them that in all cases when allowed they labour faithfully for reasonable wages. The proclamation states that the slaves will be received into the Federal army and navy, and concludes by affirming the act to he one of justice, warranted by the constitution upon military necessity, and invokes the considerate judgment of mankind, and the gracious favour cif Almighty God. Gold advanced yesterday to 1341. The President signed the bill for the admission o: Western Virginia as a separate State on the 31st ult General Saxton, the military Governor at Port Royal, South Carolina, has issued a proclamation to the negroes in his department, stating that it is their duty to carry the news of their freedom to their brethren still in slavery. Part of the Confederate force at Fredericksburg is believed to have gone up the RappaLannock. General Stuart, in his raid upon Dumfries, &e., had with him a telegraphic operator, through whom he gained much useful information from the War Department at Washington. It is again reported in Washington that General Burnside has resigned, and that General Hooker takes his place. A series of battles had been fought in Tennessee between the Confederates under Generals Joseph Johns on and Bragg, and the Federals under Gene- ral Rosecrans. General Rosecransis reported to have recaptured Murfreesborough on the 31st ult., after a desperate engagement, in which both sides suffered severely. The Confederates lost Generals Rains and Cheat. ham, a large number of killed, and 500 prisoners. The Federal loss is estimated at 2,500. The contest was renewed on the Ist inst., but the result is not yet known in New York. The Confederate General Morgan captured the whole of General Rosecrans' transport train, but is said to have lost heavily in men and material in skirmishes with the Federals. The report of Corinth, Mississippi, being in Con federate hands is contradicted. Confederate accounts state that the Federals were repulsed in four attacks upon Vicksburg on the 27th, 28th, and 29th ult, The Confederates cap tured 400 prisoners. The Federals destroyed 33 miles of the Vicks burg, Shreveport, and Texas Railway, and burnt the town of Delhi. President Davis and Staff arrived at Mobile on the 30th ult. Mr. Seymour was inaugurated as Governor of New York on the Ist. In his inaugural address he said that he should support the constitution of the United Stat€s, the constitution of New York, en force the laws, and maintain and defend the sove reignty and jurisdiction of the State. His Message to the Legislature at Albany will be delivered on the 6th. The Federal loan of 1842, amounting to 2,800,000 dols., will be paid in corn. The Chamber of Commerce has passed resolutions that the war made upon American commerce by the Alabama is not rebuked by the British Press, nor the fitting out of vessels stopped by the British Government, and that American merchants are sub• ject, to a certain extent, to the evils which would attend a state of war with England. A committee was appointed to report what action the Chamber of Commerce shall take in the matter. Gen. Stuart had retreated safely and recrossed the Rappahannock near Warrentown. The British steamer Caledonia has been wrecked on Peaked Hill Bar, Cape Cod. No lives lost. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. Money abundant. Gold, 34-f-', prem. Exchange on London—bankers' bills, 1471 to 148. Stocks buoyant. New York Central, 1084 ; Illi nois shares, 83; Erie, 671. Cotton very firm—middling uplands, 671 c. to 68c, Flour, good inquiry, and prices sc. higher. Wheat likewise in good demand, at a rise of lc. Corn lc. higher, but quiet. Provisions quiet. Coffee steady. Sug,r, good inquiry. Molasses quiet. General Butler has arrived at New York, and proceeded to Washington. It is supposed be will have an important dace. Governor Seymour, of New York, has ordered a trial of the New York Police Commissioners and Superintendent Kennedy for permitting the use of the New York police stations for the illegal detention of citizens. The Republican journals approve President Lin coln's Emancipation Proclamation. The New York Herald thinks it unwise and ill-timed, and the New York World looks upon it as being unconsti tutional, and not a war measure. TURKEY. CONS PANTINOPLE, JAN. 13. Sir Henry Buiwer has returned to Constanti- nople. He has induced Fuad Pgsha to accept the Presi dency of the Grand Council. An imperial Hatt has becn published announcing financial and other reforms. SPAIN. AIADRID, JAN. 13 (Evening). In to-day's sitting of the Congress, Senor R ios Hoses, in sPeaking upon the Mexican question , have put forward maintained th a t t h e Spanish G overnmen t s hould a Spanish prince for the thro ne of Mexico. H e considered that i n t erven tion in Mexic3 was legiti mate and j us tifi a bl e . He cen sured tie Government for not having given any reply to the despatch from Paris announcing the candidature of the Archduke Maximilian. But as the Government had not protested against the THE WEATHER-•WISE ADMIRAL. Query—Whether Wise ?---P . rin ter's Devil. Admiral Fitzroy publishes, as is well known, a daily meteorological report in the columns of th e Times. Some 30 stations send in reports each morning tc) a central office, which are collected, arranged, and public hod in a tabular form the next day, with an explanation o f the abbrevia tions, which reminds the reader equally of .a pictorial spell ing-book and the " various readings" in an edition of a classical author. B. stands for barometer, L). for difference (of the moist•bulb thermometer), F for force, X for 'xtreme force, of wind, H. for hours, and C. for cloud. We cannot but parenthetically remark that, to use the Admiral's vo cabulary there must be a similar amount of C. over his mind on the subject of orthography, to that which actuated. the eminently moral gentleman, who used ha our earlier days to set the exquisitely printed copies for lessons in pen manship; who, while advising us to venerate valuable vir tue, and to withdraw from unwarrantable wickedness, con ceived that our sense of m.rightness received no shock whatever from the mean subterfuge by whieh they palmed off some maxim about 'xemplary excel lence as a fit and proper type of the letter which should follow next in order. Admiral Fitzroy has also a smaller army, a kind of initial rank and file, b. for blue sky, f. for fog, h. for hail, and so en ; and. he finishes by a declaration that a calm, since C. is` 4ready occupied, is to be represented by a capital Z. O Nu. 1, the Admiral predicts for Devon W. to N. and NIE., and for Kent N.W. to N.E. and E, ; this resulted in a uniform south-west wind over all the South of England. For the. 2d his prediction on the Ist was for Devon N. to E. and S.E., modified next day to S.W. to N.W. and N., a pre diction which resulted in a due westerly wind at Plymouth; at d for Kent a simple " Easterly," followed next day by W.N.W. to N.N.W. in prophecy, and W.S.W. in fact. For Jan. 3, the pair of prophecies are :—Devon, W.N.W. to N.N.E., and S.W. to N.W. and N., which result in a simple W. ; and for Kent, N.N.W. to E.N.E. and S.E., W.S,W. to N.N.W.,—thus embracing nearly three quar ters of the compass, but failing to include the reality, S.S W. The next recorded observation that we have is, al S.W. at Plymouth, corresponding to a prediction of W. to N. and N.E., and a S. at London, corresponding to N.W. to N.E. and E. Next day a heavy rotary gale being pre dicted for all the South of England, we are surprised to find a gentle southerly wind everywhere prevailing; and on the 7th, while Admiral Fitzroy still insists on his gale, to which he fixes the delightful latitude of W. to N. and E., the breeze falls almost to a calm, and the sun beams forth on a genial summer's day. A re markable fact is stated by those who have visited the shores of Hawaii, and made sufficient acquaintance with the natives to understand their language. The inhabitants of that forlorn island, it is said, have no word in their vocabu lary to express the weather. Somehow, in rude, barbarous fashion, they mix with each other, and enjoy such inter course as they may; but with the amenities of social life, the delicate pulsations of hearts conversationally united by cli mate, the whispered suggestion, the soft reply imagined be fore it is spoken, all the engines of social intercourse which break the ice of first acquaintance, and melt frozen tongues to talk, these victims of fortune and of dialect have nothing to do, It may be that they are happy under it; habit is a. second nature; the Greenlanders almost live upon fish, to which no civilised person would think of being helped twice in England. If it be so, what a place for Admiral Fitzroy I Let him take a bold step, and relieve himself for ever from the perplexity of his social position. Let him establish a weather oracle for the next few years, by sending word to the 7 lines that the wind is to be north all over England till further notice ; let him establish a heavy rotary gale for the first Tuesday in every month, and double the allow ance on leap-year; let him predict rain on the days sacred to volunteers, and leave word that the drum is to be hoisted at Shields whenever three colliers have been ship wrecked; and then let him depart to finish his days in that remote clime where a weary soul may pack up its barometers, and be at rest. So—if we may again use the magic initials—the f. of bewilderment will clear from his mind, in his relations to the world around him, he will h. a D. not to be described, and with a sense of relief never apprehended before, he will devote his happy H. in a better and abiding Z.—London Review. Iron-clad Ships and the Admiralty. Propositions have been made to the Lords commissioners of the Admiralty, somewhat singularly, from tivo persons, which may or may not effect a change in the present mode of constructing iron-clad ships. So far as our informant is concerned, the only proposition of which he is aware is shortly as follows :—lt is suggested that the exposed nature of the iron plating alone ensures the success of the great gun, and if the iron were cased in sound, strong ship tim ber, an impenetrable target would be the result. At pre sent the iron plate is exposed to the first crash of the shot / and resistance is past when the armour is crushed in. It is stated as a Net that, in a volley, a bullet will penetrate the breastplate of a life guardsman, which is exposed to the full force of the missile; but the same kind of bullet has flattened upon the case of a watch of an infantry soldier, or even a common tobacco box has proved * check. It seems, therefore, that the mere obstruction of 6 woollen coat is sufficient to stay the progress of the ball. Now in the matter of iron-clad ships, it is urged that if there was a steel plate behind the iron plate the resistance would be immense, because the ball, being checked by the softer iron, would be entirely stayed by the harder steel. It is further urged that it a steel plate were backed by all iron one, and a shot penetrated the steel, the iron would not be much of a barrier to stay its further progress. In short, it has been proposed that the iron-plating should be cased instead of being exposed, and many things suggest them" selves to prove that this is the proper plan. The armour would be protected from the actions of the air, sea, and changes of climate. On the 7th of January these views, embodied in a short letter, were forwarded to the Lords of the Admiralty, and it took one of the gentlemen in the Admiralty nearly one wee ) to answer the letter. Last night (13th January) a letter Wee received from the officer, informing the recipient shortly that " similar propositions with respect to armour-plating have already been made to their lordships." Now the person who suggested the alterations has reserved some rather important points, and it remains to be seen how far the Lords of the Admiralty have been advised upon them. Sir Charles Wood's Indian policy was very freely handled at a meeting of Halifax operatves on Mondey night, and, with one dissentient, a resolution was adopted expressing the indignation of the meeting at the incom petency and obstructive policy which the right hon. baronet had made the feature of his Indian Secretaryship. EXTENSION OF THE METROPOLITAN RAILWAY."'"' This company propose to take Parliamentary power° to purchase additional lands for the purpose of their under' taking, and for enlarging their powers of compulsory pur chase of property in respect of the incomplete portion of the western extension in the parish of Paddington, toa r the junction of South Wharf -road with Praed-street, to the southern end of Eastbourne-terrace, where it forms a Pro' tion with Conduit-street, and also as to the incomplete por tions, comprising the line, to the intended Metropolitan Meat and Poultry Market, and the Finsbury-circus Eaten sion. The particular lands and properties proposed to be taken are in the parish of St. Giles Without Cripplegatet near or between the streets called Little Mooi fields, Ne s( Union-street, Moor-lane, and Tenter-street; and between Whitecross-street, Milton-street, and Moor-lane, on both' sides of the Extension to Finsbury Railway, and between Vine -court and Maidenhead-court, adjacent to M o or-lan 13 - The lands and buildi ngs p ro p ose d t o b e t a k en i n the parsil, of St. S e p u l c h re and Lib erty o f Gl asshouse-yard are in an d near Cowcross-street and Sharp's-alley, Charterhouse-lan e and Charterhouse-square, and northwards of the limits of deviation defined by the Finsbury-circus Extension A-e Those at Paddingt on are i n , near , an d b etween Conduit' street, Spring-street, London-street, and Conduit-place. HAMMERSMITH AND CITY RAlLWAY.—Startillg from Kensington by a junction with the Hammer' smith and City Railway, now in course of constructions this line will extend to and terminate at Paddington by junction with the Great Western Railway, at an estimated engineering cost of £60,000. Fiats AND Loss or' Two LITES..---YesterdaY S fire, attended with loss of life, occurred at gra' Rowe's, Paradise-row, Gravel-lane, Southwark. MO' Rowe had left her little girl, Sarah Rowe, aged ten yea rls ' in a room, when her shrieks brought the inmates to he r , aid. She was di scovered in flames, which had also seize' on the furniture in the room. The fire was extinguishe d as soon as possible, and the sufferer conveyed to Guy's Hospital; but she expired on admission. Another fire ale ° happened at Mr. Chivers', South-street, Grange-roads Bermondsey, which also resulted in Mary Ann ChiverS being burnt to death. The cause ie unknown. DISTRESSING ACCIDENT.—About a month since the Hon. Major Anson, M.P., while shooting in the Ranton covers with Lord Lichfield and a party, shot his valet, George Norton, in the leg. The unfortunate mai l ' ins ead of being with the beaters, was some 15 yards behind' hidden from view by some hazel bushes, and received tb ° charge which the major had fired at a rabbit that / 18a doubled back, apparently quite clear of the party. The beet medical assistance was at once procured, and Major Ansol l was unremitting in his personal attention to the man unti l he seemed in a fair way of recovery. About a week age'' however, mortification ensued, amputation became neee s : sary, and N or t on died in a state of delirium. An inques t was held on Thursday, when it was clearly proved that the accident was altogether attributable to the indiscretion of the unfortunate deceased in being in a spot that his previoll" experience should have made him avoid as dangerous, $ ll4 in which Major Anson could have no possible reason to SuP pose he was at the time he fired. The verdict was to the effect that not the slightest blame rested on Major Anson' who, never theless, was deeply distressed at the misfortun e, and was much affected in giving his evidence before the coroner, Tie harp of the We unfortunate Queen AlL' ri e Antoinette, of France , which she bequeathed in her exi l e to her chamberlain, Fleuri, as a memorial, is now deposite e : with the documents, with M. Landauer, Leil 11, Frankfor t on-the-Maine, • \ If ~,