The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-28 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, AUGUST 28, 1363. Our P r ip prove ra to gain ground, and not all Herr VON TN FUN, This Week, On e Penny, BIsM ARK'S epistles can hide the fact that he i s Essayg—Name of the W inner ; Sir Matthew White idley, ; The Frankfort Diet—all Smoke, &c., &C. seek'ng to shelter himself in a forest of words from 'the condemnation he merits. OYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Lessee, Mr. George Vining. Under the Management of Ur. Walter Montgomery. THIS EVENING, RING JOIIN. King John, lklr.Walter Moutg.-,omery. To be followed by A RO UGH DIAMOND. Commence at 7. NEW THE ATICE-R0 YAL, ADELPHI.— Sole Pronriator and Manager. Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING. at 7, a new comic drama, entitled THE AND CII ICKENS • or, A Sign ot Affection. Messrs. Billington, R. Phillips, Stephenson ; Mrs. Stirling and Miss H. Simms. Atter which, at a quarter-past 8, the new drama of THE HAUNTED MAN; OR, TL,E GHOST'S BARGAIN, in which will be exhibited Professor Pepper's adaptation of the Great Spectral. Illusion. Messrs. J. L. Toole, R. P'Aillips, ef tou C. J. Smith; Mrs. Alfred Mellon and Miss IL sh ams . Followed by a new Burlesque, ent , tled. ILL-TRE If. TitovATOltFi. 51cssrs. Toole, P. Bedford, R.. P'aillips, Bbnrne, C. J. Smith, Bonier ; the Sisters Nelson, Carry and Sara, and Miss K. Kelly. -ROYAL STRAND THEA.TRE. Manager, Mr. W. 11. Swanborough. THIS EVENING, PIS FIRST CHAMPAGNE. Mr. Leigh Murray. Followed by (35th time) THE MOTTO, " I"M ALL TII E E. Messrs. Honey, Turner, E. Danverh, Collier, Clifton ; Mesdames Ada Swanborough, F. Josephs, Maria Simpson, Wallace, and Jenny White. To conclude with TURN HIM OUT. Mr. Turner, Miss Thome. Commence at 7. THE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN," :k Containing the Latest SPORTING INTELUGENCE, can be had Every Evening of G. R. GLiNIE. NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tins DAY.—Morning, lh. 12m.—Afternoon, Ih. 40m. To-moßnow.-Morning, 2h. 2m.—Afternoon, 2h. 25m. The Weather--Sun Office, Aug. 28, 1863. THERHOMETEE• This mornfng This day at Two 0'c10ck........ Barometer-29.60. Wind—S. ; moderate, and fine. T :v . :41 77 4. 17 fw2gt s LONDON, FRIDAY, AUGUST 28, 1863. Herr VON BISMARK is determined that the world shall not be ignorant of his policy. Apparently he thinks it is far too good to be hid under a bushel, and accordingly he sends a lengthy and wordy despatch to Baron VON WERTHER, the Prussian Minister at Vienna. He commences by stating that he desires to settle the questions without whose solution it would be vain to reform the Federal Constitution. He. next refers to the various con ferences which took place between the EMPEROR and the KING on the subject of the Congress, and observes that King WILLIAM finally declared that under no circumstances whatever could the Con gress meet before the Ist of October, because of the preliminary labours that must perforce take place. Judging from the indignant tone that pervades this part of the despatch, it is to be inferred that some elaborate plans, or nicely-balanced calculations, were disturbed by the Conference having actually taken place so much earlier than this specified date. It may be suggested by some, however, that it was scarcely courteous, and hardly necessary to have interposed so long a delay, and to have altered so considerably the plan proposed by the originator of the whole scheme. Judging from these remarks, so sententiously put forth by the Prussian Minister, one would be apt to imagine that neither KING nor Minister who descant so freely upon this impossi-. bility or that necessity had the slightest notion of doing anything until they were solicited to join the scheme which others had originated, and asked them to further and promote by their aid. Then Herr BISMARK professes to be virtuously indignant that after a denial had been given any further steps should have been taken in regard to this affair. His MAJESTY was, he said, very much surprised to re ceive, on the evening of the day on which he an nounced his opinion, an official invitation to the Frankfort Congress. Of course, when this invite was ordered to be sent out, there were no doubts entertained as to the chance of a refusal being given, and the visit of the Emperor of AUSTRIA was to arrange preliminaries and discuss technicalities. 'Phis hope was disappointed, as the sequel showed ; and the ire of Herr BISMARK is kindled at the pre posterous presumption of supposing that his august master would change his mind. Wiser and better men have been known to do so, but then they acted on their own convictions, and had not a counsellor in the background to decide and judge for them as to the feasibility of this suggestion and the pro priety of that resolve. An imperial aide-de-camp was sent to give the KING a new invitation. This document made a very good proposal, and it is a pity it was not carried out, namely, that the KING should depute one of the Royal Princes to repre sent him at Frankfort, as the state of his health did not allow of his appearing in person there. Herr BISMARK now plainly proceeds on his own opinion in this matter, and does not seek to keep the veil over his proceedings, which some might deem de sirable. "It appears to me that propositions des tined to influence all the States of the Confedera tion cannot be prepared by a single Government." This is all very fine, but how long should we all hav e • Waited before Prussia took the lead, and bade Ot hers follow in her wake to resuscitate and rein• N'igorate the constitution of the several States. This aes sage is extreme, even for its writer. " I do not think that the dignity of our gracious master will permit him to go to Frankfort." Where is the : i dignity of the proceeding, may now be asked. Bur in assisting to raoYthlere is nothing so very derogatory d e the constitution 'of States, and being willing thutanq.nal power should be conferred c u those who are mop deprived of such privileges. These are, however, .e:111 insintotteaAßK S own notions that be cleverly the opinions of others. The real gist of the argument it manifested in the an nexed statement, 'wherein t . mated that the monarchs cannot pronounc e upon the ques h ti i o s n until the Ministers have first discussed them, This most decidedly that nothing is to be done unless it m eets the sanction of the statesmen who: policy is d ou btless to prevent the establishment ot . hose Ter , inst i tu ti o ns that are so desiderated. F rom one c h ar ge, at all event s, the Prussian Mi nister is free. He cannot be justly accused of having concealed his views or hid his intentions. He speaks out plainly, and he who runs may read his meaning. He desires to keep all things it: stain quo at pre sent. It may do very well for a wi l y p olitici an to talk of reform p e r iodically, bu t it is not at all the thing for a Congress to meet before the rest of the world and then end there to organise great changes and to inaugurate a mighty work. If this cannot be prevented, at all events it shall not be counte nanced. One thing stems to be forgotten by th is skilful statesman and his coadjutors—that there is a time for all things, bat, it the opportunity be lost, it may not easily be regained. There is a tide in the affairs of men, but such politicians as these Prussian sages seem determined to lose all hope of taking it at the flood. They scan to prefer to let the moments fly by unheeded, and the golden chance be thrown away. They mev awake from their dream too late, to find that their place is forfeited and their privileges ignored. There is too much sense afloat now-a days •• for tee narrow views of these professed Tine Prorogation of Parliament and the dispersion of its members gives an opportunity very willingly se i zed upon in various quarters, for meetings of d ,ifferent characters in different parts of the country. Freedom of discussion upon every possible topic has become an essential element of the British Con stitution, both physical and political ! and by the active agency of the Press with its -" thousand tongues, Its throat of brass, and adamantine lungs," the voice of popular opinion is daily rendered audible in every quarter of the kingdom. Science and Politics, Agriculture and Manufactures, Law and Literature have their various arenas for the open discussion of their necessities, the various exponents of their especial rights and wrongs and requirements, and it is right and just that so it should be. By general and open discussion not only does every individual matter of public inte rest receive more elaborate attention and more judicious development, bat by the general publicoaf tion of such very diversified information, habits thought are daily and hourly encouraged i and sti mulated among the great body of the people. This truth must be apparent alltoon even consider who subject. It becomes very evident na cursory the e glance at any impression of an y one of the daily the present moment organs of public opinion. At first and foremost amo n g the p ublic meetin g s of general interest and importance is the no w collected at Newcastle, grea t assembly at the welcome bidding of the British Assoeiation. The second day's proceedings of this venerable Institution were rendered doubly attractive and important by a masterly discourse from the eloquent lips of Sir RODERICK MURCHISON, in which he gave a brief but emphatic summary of the great geographichal discoveries of modern times, in which our own countrymen have borne such a prominent and distinguished part. Alluding also to the resources and develop ment of Australia, the learned orator very judi ciously remarked, that the Mother Country was happily not likely, in this instance, to become estranged from these, her powerful and extensive dependencies, because, wiser than in former times, she treated them and would continue to treat them in a more liberal and considerate spirit. "It has been truly remarked by a recent Governor of Australia," said Sir RODERICK MURCHISON, " that the loyalty of Australia is a homage to the en lightened rule of England of which her states men may be proud." Sir ItoDEßicK's speech is a study in itself. The student and the lover of geographical research will derive great plea. sure and profit from its perusal ; while even a cursory glance will convey to the ge neral reader, for we hardly think that the general reader will dare to venture upon more than a cur sory glance at its mysteries, even that brief glimpse will afford him matter for thought and wonder, and he May perhaps regard the world as even a greater place, and science as even a more marvellous study than he had before believed ! In another direction, at Leicester, the agriculturists have been holding their assemblies; in on 3 of which, Lord BERNERS, in returning thanks for the toast of the House of Peers, very naively and ingenuously admitted that during the last session he did.not think that in the way of legislation either House had done much to boast of !—a sentiment likely to meet with a very unanimous assent throughout the country Mr. IiEIEGATE, in following his noble friend, strongly urged upon the agriculturists a more extended spirit of inquiry, and a more general encourage ment of the diffusion of agricultural knowledge and information. This advice was most judicious and well-timed, and we true t it will be cordially responded to and very readily acted upon by our farmers and agriculturists. The good of one and the good of all are synonymous terms in the prosperity of the great body politic, and every discovery and im provement in agriculture and every other art only becomes more valuable by extension, and its bene fits become redoubled as they become further developed and diffused. At the recent meeting of the Central Relief Com mittee, under the able presidency of the Earl of DERBY, it was boldly stated by Mr. ASHWORTH that the Cotton Supply Association could promise a supply of cotton for 1864, equal to 4 days' work per week for the Lancashire mills. This promise is no mere visionary hope, no ingenious illusion, but it is based upon the crops now actually known to be growing. The statistics which Mr. ASH wonTrt brought forward in support of this view were admitted by the Chairman of the meeting to be most important, since, if their calculations were accurate, nearly five days' work per week would be supplied to the mills without any assistance from America; whereas he reminded the meeting that we have hitherto been dependent on American cotton to the same extent that we are now able to dispense with it—that is to say, five-sixths of our supply has been exclusively drawn from American cotton-fields, and yet we are able to look forward to working five-sixths of the usual time with mate rial drawn from totally different sources. Among the countries mentioned as likely to contribute the most efficiently to our aid, some surprise will pos. sibly be felt to find the Turkish dominions. N o less than 350,000 bales, equivalent to 250,000 bales of American cotton, are expected from that quar ter. If this be the first fruits of the improved Turkish (government we have heard of, it is cer tainly very acceptable and appropriate. Th e Viceroy of Egypt is also said to express con siderable interest in the cultivation of cotton, and the encouragement thus afforded has pro bably something to do with the different figures representing Egypt and the rest of the African continent. Exclusive of Egypt, the African supply is not reckoned at more than 10,000 bales, though this must not be taken as a sample of the capabili ties of the soil or climate, when we recal the days when all Europe drew its cotton supply from Africa, through the medium of the Spanish and Portuguese traders. Egypt is to furnish, accord tug to the calculations made, 50,000 bales addi tional this yei,r, while a considerable increase is expected to take place in the Brazilian supply. The more important change, however, is to come from India. Sir CHARLES WOOD has, it seemp, been able to blame the bad season of 1862 for the errors of lo ng -continued neglect and perversity, and is fain to alter the lugubrious view in which he once looked upon Indtad resources. The increase to be expected from the large tracts of land added to the cultivation both this y ear port duce their effect the i m and last will pro and , anticipated from our once unheeded colony is no less than 2 50,000 bales The manufacturers felt called upon to r ex- p ees their • with decision and confidence • opinions owin g to the an d unfounded fears indul ged depressing i n 1)5 One of these gentlemen expreseed some persons. his conviction that the whole of Lancashire might . be at full work in tw o or three years, without a article being received from bale of the required , ar to be still in full force. America, supposing the N 't were kuoded on fact is That these observations proved by the satisfactory accounts received by the members of the Cotton Supply Association, and read at their recent meeting. A letter from Tnrk's Island, which was produced, stated that the Caicos Islands, now lying idle, were well adapted for the cultivation of cotton, and that many years since large quantities of it were grown and shipped to Eng land. Lands capable of producing very good cotton might be purchased at a low rate, so that one of the great difficulties attending the capitalist in India is unknown. A beautiful sample of yarn, spun from the native cotton of Jamaica was received and exhi bited at the meeting. This_ cotton is perennial, and would, it is thought, grow well in all tropical coun tries. The samples forwarded from Western Aus tralia are also of a very high order, and it is re marked that these specimens have never been surpassed by any in quality. There can now be no longer any doubt that the question of sufficient cot ton supply is merely a question of time, and that the plant will readily adapt itself to several different countries, whose connection with ourselves renders its cultivation a matter of paramount interest. One of the gentlemen at the recent meeting spoke of the probable arrival of a sufficient quantity of cotton to provide for 4 days' work weekly directly after Christmas: We trust that such may be the case, and that our manufacturers and millowners, who have had such bitter cause to regret their total dependence on one source of supply, may receive from India, Australia, Egypt, and. Brazil, full and satisfactory proof that the marvellous plant which has contributed so greatly to our national wealth and prosperity is by no means restricted to one latitude or to one kingdom in its development. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) THE POLISH INSURRECTION. LEMBERG, AUG. 27. A considerable insurrection of the peasants against Russia has broken out in the Ukraine. TRIESTE, AUG. 27. News received here from Athens says that four Greek Ministers cf the moderate party have sent in their resignation. The English Ambassador has required of the Greek Government the punishment of the guilty parties in the riots at the Pyrseus. _ - M. Kalergis has been appointed to accompany the King upon his journey to Athens. Intelligence from the Levant says that the arma ments in Tarkey continue. The capture of Herat is repOrted to have aroused extremely warlifte spirit at Teheran. 25,000 Russians from the Caucasus have arrived in Odessa. Part of their number will go to Nico laieff, the remainder to Kiew. AUSTRIA. VIENNA, AUG. 27. The Botechafter gives an analysis of the memorial remitted on the 3d August by the Emperor of Austria to the King of Prussia at Gastein. This memorial states that the condition of Europe renders it incumbent on the Sovereigns to insure to themselves a tenable position, and that the German people are entitled to demand a reform. It states also that the will of Prussia may legally and in fact prevent a reform, but that the Govern ments who believe it impossible to remain in the statu quo would be finally compelled to separately introduce federal reform in their States by the most extended application possible of the right of union, at the same time preserving the Federal bond. TEE CONGRESS AT MALINES. (From the Morning Herald.) The Catholic Congress at Mechlin, thrown into the shade as it is by the meetings of potentates and diplomats who have the power as well as the will to make their opinions respected by others, is yet a phenomenon in modern history which cannot well be overlooked by those who have at heart the social well-being of the age. Here, in a solemn old clerical town of Belgium, are met together a multi tudeof influential men, laymen, priests, and bishops of the Catholic Church, from every nation, and sneaking every language, for the purpose of 1 discussing the present position and prospects of that great religious community whose interests 1 they have so much at heart. This meeting is some thing very novel. It does not speak with authority like one of those ancient councils, having power to bless and to ban, to make or overturn Popes, t t h e e t put en e tkingdomsof Arius, under a interdict, i uss, or to a condemn Luther. It is calldd upon to witness no secession like that of Spires, to put its seal to no new doctrine like that of Trent. It has no authority whatever, but consists of a number of religionists who sympathise heartily with one another, and speak of their com mon concerns, each in his private capacity. Such meetings take place among Protestants, and are characterised, as we know, by a display of polemic zeal which is justifiable so long as it does not trench upon the bounds of ferocity. The Roman College of the Propaganda busies itself chiefly with such remote countries as China and Japan. The followers of Ignatius, though some old ladies in England are still afraid of them, are now-a-days almost as harmless as lions with their teeth drawn and claws cut. It was not so much on the question of.enlarging the borders of their Church that these Catholics conferred together at Mechlin, but on the means of preventing the threatened diminution of her influence throughout the world. The first proceeding of the Congress was to present an affec tionate and loyal address to the Pope, who replied by sending his benediction by telegraph. There is, therefore, nothing at all mutinous in the spirit of the meeting. It is not met to dismiss theological questions, nor matters of Church government, in i other affairs the authoriti es at R ome h ave no objec -1 tion to concede the right of private judgment, I accompanied and followed as it is likely to be by a display of private munificence. The system of the C tra h e u o r o chh e a t s s always been the so elastic ofthe age cthat it stretches . or portionrile C of f ngese at Mechlin it r stimein ndi spent seussin a discussing th c e on m si e d a e n ra s be of l supplying what it considers tobeaat the gre Romanatwant. It is a cu r i ous t hi ng, b ut it see ms that Catholicsnewspaper. l:paandper. Were ef w Europe have not on e res p ec t a bl e to ho numberhelo belong et to the potentates, riva 1 n commoners e who Churches, we should find that a majority was to be classed as professing the tenets of the elder corn • munion. But the Romish Church is almost unre presented in the Fourth Estate. There are, in Rome, Paris, Vienna, Turin, and London, some extreme and violent organs of the " clerical party," which do more harm than good to the cause which they profess to serve, and certainly do not express the views of enlightened Romanists. Besides these prints, which can be easily numbered on the fingers, the Church has few on its side, for even to show it sympathy among the newspapers of Catholic countries. The majority of them incline to " liberalism," which is generally opposed to ,‘ priestcraft," and their editors are reported to be Gallios, who think. all religions very much the same. The speakers at Mechlin were in favour of establishing an international Catholic journal, the mission of which. should be to promote by all means the influence of the Catholic Church, The curious thing about the proposed print is that it is to uphold religion and liberty together. The natural union of the Catholic religion with an advanced form of liberalism is the favourite theory of the able and eloquent spokesman of Catholicism in France, M. de Montalembert. When he arrived at 'Mechlin a deputation met him at the railway statian. When he entered the room where the Congress was sitting the members rose all together as th e y would have risen to a king. M. de Montalem bent made one of his earnest and almost passionet: speeches, iu which he advocated the acceptance of the revolution without arriere pensce. Modern Catholics everywhere, except in Belgium, made the great mistake of regretting the anciens regimes. These have one fault which cannot be redeemed; Ai The o free tEi e they are d ea d an d gone. Th e C hurch, said the speaker, m ust b e reconciled w i th the democracy. m C b h e u rt r to c Church d be incompatible, re th fi e f o free rt h s e ta te, things supposed occasionally are regenerational l that M o f M. s doe ciety. By his speech at :Mechlin he has already brought down upon himself the wrath of the clerical press, already irritated, and not unnaturally, by the scheme of the liberal Catholic newspaper. We wish every success to this organ. A speech in favou r o f democracy f thereter M w o a n s t a s n l e m orationbe r t's from Cardinal Wiseman, all in praise of toleration. A Catholic Congress in which such addresses were delivered by such men cannot be said to have passed off without eclat. The same journal announces that there is every reason to believe that Federal execution, with which the Germanic Diet has menaced Denmark, and the occupation of the Duchy of Holstein will take place. ORIGIN OF MYTHOLOGICAL FABLES. The generations that built up mythology, it has been very recently and very ingeniously suggested, had none of the language by which we at once settle the character of external objects. They could not say that the sun was a heavenly - body, for they had no comprehension of the dis tinction between heaven and earth, and still less any con ception that answered to body. They saw a beautiful thing moving above theta, the presence of which brought cheer fulness, and the abs Luce of which brought gloom. How were they to express their feelings ? The only language they had for bright, beautiful moving things, causing pro found alterations of feeling, was necessarily derived from the expressions used about men. Thu step from this to speaking as if the thing spoken of were a man is very easy . ; for all people love to put their vague feelings about what interests them into some definite shape, and no means of attaining this definiteness with regard to the beautiful mov ing thing instinct with human activity and power was so natural as to speak of it as a glorified man. The thought ini.2 ~ would lausnci ngd b i flier amongl oic i d l it t ei e t:ohn i tessh a : e n art d n. shde a l i s okfe t h beinghoi of such a being once formed, fancy loved to paint what he inventingt :sameha n u d s process ct evokedil a e s characters, ac th t e ew r h sp :a l s e d par g s t o :o m i r n e t p a; take ll h i i n s t Way .6_,,.:..1 :: hctoalteedfairunialy brief, bold, o f an th d e v d er w y el t i l oe m e creation Oly mpus. fee '' 1 " Y be - (l 7 d c the e ro_f mythology, eata to have been the history of " Sufficient forces," says the Botschafter, if will be placed in the field to put these measures into execution." SPAIN, MADRID, AUG. 27 (Evening). The Ministry have sent a courier to General Duke, conveying their approval of his acts tending to the supp ress i on of the slaNc trade. Senor Olezaga is expect e d a t M a d r id. The Pro gress i st party have held preparatory electoral meeting s a t B arcelona an d V a l enc i a , not withstanding the op i n i on expresse d b y th e M a d r id Committee. Divergence of opinion still prevails relative to the policy of abstainin g f rom voting. ..................,. RUSSIA. ST. PETERSBURG, AUG. 27. The Grand Duks Constantine arrived at Tz Arskoe- Selo yesterday. The Imperial Bang resumes specie payments to morrow at the September rates, viz., 2 per cent. premium. GERMANY• -FRANKFORT, AuG. 27. In the sitting of the Federal Diet to-day the de claration of the Danish Government, with reference to Schleswig, which has been received, was referred to the committees. The Danish Ambassador, w h o was unable to be present on account of illness, reserved further ex. planations. FRANKFORT, THURSDAY, AUG. 28. The Frankfort Journal of to-day says:—" We are authorised by the Ducal Cabinet to declare the assertion to be unfounded, that the Duke of Saxe- Coburg was the author of the pamphlet published at Brussels under the title of 'Revelations.' " I THE REVOLUTION IN MADAGASCAR, REUNION, AUG. 7. MM. Dupre and Lambert left Madagascar on the 30th July. Anarchy is reported to prevail at Tananariva. The Sakalawes bffirm Itadama to be still living, and refuse to recognise the authorit y of the Queen. New sugars have not yet been brought to market. Cuffees are rare. Prices of vanilla good. LIVERPOOL, AUG. 28. The ship Anglo-Saxon, bound from Liverpool for New York, was burnt by the Florida, 30 mil es from Kinsale, on the 21st inst. The crew have been landed at Brest. and one or two foreigners. As, however, it was impossible, even under a Russian system of go vernment, to keep in prison people against whom not the shadow of a chance could be found, a sharp-witted policeman from St. Petersburg sug gested that revolutionary pamphlets should be slipped into the pocket of every person arrested, a device which has been adopted with great success. This, however, is only used as a last resort, for the police are seldom at a loss for pretexts. Thus on the 18th inst. M. Skrzymowski was arrested because he had on a cap of a new shape, and the next day P. Pielecki, because a carving-knife was found in his house. "L'he most frequent cause of arrest is neglect to take off one's cap or hat before the Grand Duke Constan tine. The Grand Duke himself is the most zealous pursuer of those who effend in this particular. Scarcely a day passes but he finds some one in his walks through the city, who voluntarily or involun tarily, remains covered before him. In these cases he invariably turns to the Cossacks of his escort, and orders them to seize the refractory Pole there and then. It was in this way that an American officer, named Edmund Bernard, was arrested in the gar den of Lazienki. He was taken to the station-house, and iv terrogated by Le wszyn, the Director of Police, to whom he exhibited his passport, and explained that he did not know the customs of the country he was in, Apparently these customs were not at all to his taste, for immediately after his libe ration he left Warsaw. The police of the capital is to be largely in creased. The city was formerly divided into two districts ; it is now to have four. Every sub district, in which hitherto there were but 40 policemen, is to have 240, and there is to be an inspector for every 600 inhabitants. A letter from the palatinate of Ayustow describes an atrocious act of brutality committed by the Russian troops. It appears that an estate called bumble was on the 11th occupied by a detachment of Polish cavalry under Col. Rychlewski. A picket of this detachment was on that day being relieved, when it was suddenly attacked by a squadron of Russian hussars. Micewicz, the commander of the picket, immediately fired a pistol to warn his corn panions,and then with his three men advanced to join them. Unfortunately his horse fell, and the Russians being by this time upon them, and, calling to them to surrender, the Poles gave up their arms. The Russian commandant then ordered them to strip. The Poles obeyed, no doubt thinking that the object of the officer was to ascertain whether they had any more arms about them. When this was done, the commandant turned to the Cossacks and exclaimed, " Kill the rebels." A terrible scene ensued : the Cossacks, after inflicting dreadful wounds on the naked Poles, cut off their heads and mangled their bleeding bodies. While this butchery was going on, a youth of 16, named Szerkniewski, unable to bear the sight ; ran across the street to the house of Count Ronikier. The soldiers imme diately pursued him into the house, and, entering the room whero lie had taken refuge, cut off his head and ears and tore out his bowels. This young man was a clerk in a private office, and had no connection whatever with the insurgents. FRANCE. PARIS, AUG, 28. "The treaty for the suppression of the Scheldt dues was published this morning. The French papers publish the following intelli gence from Mexico, dated Vera Cruz, the 18th inst.:— " General Forey is still in the City of Mexico. " A French corps d'arm6o is marching upon San Luis Potosi, which is held by Juarez with 15,000 men. Miramon has re-entered Mexican territory with a few thousand adventurers callected in Texas. " An expedition will soon set out for Tampico. " Few cases of vomits now occur. " The adhesions to the empire are numerous, but the population would prefer the throne to be occu pied by a French Prince." BOURSE, Aug. 27.—N0 improvement has taken place in the tone of the market, which still remains in a state of inaction. Threes, for the Account, are now at 07f. 40c. The Railway Share Market also dull, without much change from yesterday's quo tations. The market acquired buoyancy towards the close, and left off as follows : 4t per Cents. .. SG 85 Italian Loan 72 75 Do. end month.... Do. end month 72 65 3 per Cents Do. end month.... 67 60 Do. end month 72 70 Credit M0bi1ier....1096 25 Russian Do. end m0nth....1100 Austrian Bank Shares 3390 Spanish Threes.... - Credit Fonder 1250 Home Debt B.A IL 'A.YB. Cash. Account. Orleans 1025 .. 1022 50 Northern .. 985 .. 987 50 Now. ditto .. .. Lyons and MedilArranean 1025 1026 25 Geneva 493 75 .. 493 75 Southern Western Eastern Sardinian 415 a . 415 -- Austrian 1 mrx.l),trd North of Spain Earago:,sa 6BO Ditto to Barcelona POLAND. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) CRACOW, Aug. 25. The Russian Government at Warsaw is so com pletely check -mated by the Central Committee, that it is forced to resort to the most absurdly arbitrary measuresin order to maintain a show of authority. Thus, one day last week the people, who were quietly walking about the streets of the city, were suddenly seized, without an y reason whatever, by the police, and every one of them taken to the citadel. The wholesale nature of this razzia may be imagined from the fact that at-ong the persons thus unceremoniously attacked , kere were several Russian ernploys with their wives, THE FRANKFORT CONFERENCE. The following despatch has been addressed by Herr von Bismark to Baron von Wordier, the Prussian Minister at Vienna : " Gastein, Aug. 14. " Your Excellency will see by my rescript of yesterday respecting the memoir in which the reasons for invitation to the King to be present at the Congress at Frankfort were discussed, that we desire in the first place to settle those questions, without the solution of which every attempt at a reform of the Federal Constitution would, in our opinion, have no foundation. While reserving to myself the right of obtaining further information on this subject, I have the honour of communicating to you some observations on the tenour and form of the overtures that have been made to us. " After the arrival of the Emperor Francis Joseph here on the 2d of this month, his Majesty took advantage of a visit he made on the following day to oar gracious master, to speak to the King on the subject of Federal reform, and to submit to him the memoir I transmitted to your Excel lency, with the rescript of the 13th. Hie Majesty the Em peror declared at the same time that a Congress of Princes would assemble on the 16th at Frankfort ; that a directorate of five Princes would henceforth be at the head of the Con federation; that the Gelman Diet would continue to deli berate on passing events, but that an Upper Chamber, com posed of all the Sovereigns of the Confederation and meet ing periodically, and a second Chamber, composed df the delegates of the different German Diets and possessed of deliberative powers, would be created. "In this Conference and in two others which took place the same day the King submitted to the Emperor the objec tions put forward in the memoir sent herewith, and de clared finally, when the two monarchs took leave of each other, that the Congress could not, under any circum stances, be called together with success before the Ist of October, on account of the preliminary labours that would be necessary. "Considering the tenour of these Conferences, his Ma. jesty the King was very much surprised to receive, en the evening of the 3d of August, from the hands of an Impe rial aide-de .camp, a short time after his Majesty the Em peror had taken his leave, the official invitation to the Con gress of Frankfort for the 16th, the invitation being dated July 31. "Your Excellency knows the tenour of the invitation as well as the reply made on the 4th of this month to his Majesty the Emperor by our most gracious master. In order to give the Imperial Cabinet an oppurtunity of form ing its decision with a knowledge of that of the King's Government his Majesty the King addressed a telegram on the 4:h to his Majesty the Emperor, in which the invi tation was formally declined. "In spite of this the Austrian invitations were made the r ame day, though dated July 31, without waiting until his Majesty the King had replied to the imperial letter. " On the 7th inst. an Imperial aide-de-camp delivered was dto s his Majesty the King a new invitation, to which annexed the memorial, of which I send you copy.a of This invitation proposed to the King, inasmuch as his state on the 16th, health did not permit him to be at Frankfortprinces aimed to delegate to the Congress ono of the Royal with full powers. " The correspondence that has passed relative to the Imperial invitation limits itself to this. "It seems to me that propositions destined to exert such a powerful influence ever the common interest of all the States of the Confederation, if they are to have any result cannot be prepared by g l e Gov c e v r e n r men e t c , taan, to b and sprung tuiie ri t ga r- ; a in a sort of surprise upon thea wards abruptly submitted toatnether is Grnm sanction of the Sovereigns. I think that the dignity of his 1‘ ajesty the King, my most gracious master, will not permit him to go to Frankfort merely to receive communications of schemes relating to the Confederation, touching which Prussia has not been previously consulted, and the scope of which is only to be explained to his Majesty at Frankfort. "Iu order to render such questions sufficiently ripe for the Monarchs to pronounce upon them personally, it w as absolutely necessary to discuss them first in a diplom a ti c manner, or in Ministerial confere nces. "I do not know on what experience the Imperial Go vernment bases the assertion made in the second memorial, according to which simple Ministerial conferences have a lways been barren of results, and therefore that it was idle t> renew in earnest deliberations attempts which were always unsuccessful. The question of Federal reform, so far as we know, has not been submitted to deliberations of this - kind since the conferences of Dresden. There is no rea son w hy 1 should request the King to give me his opinion upon the projects of reform in question, so long as the only information vouchsafed to us concerning the tenour and scope of these projects is so general and imperfect. 6 , Your Excellency will gather for your guidance the necessary information in the memorial attached hereto, in which the King has set forth the objections which he has himself made to the Emperor, and which were sent to Vienna on the 4th. i‘ For its part, the Royal Government has not deemed the moment well chosen for taking the initiative in a Re form Bill; but if the Government is forced to explain itself on this subject, I can only refer to the considerations laid down in our note on the question of the Delegates in the Session of J anuary 23 of this year—arguments which your Excdlency is acquainted with—and to reiterate the declara tion that a representative Assembly of the German people, elected according to population and by direct vote, and having a right to deliberate on questions relative to, the in terests of the Germanic Confederation, can alone form the basis of institutions in favour of which the Prussian Go vernment might renounce any part of its autonomy, with out doing s er i ous i n j ury t o th e i n t eres t s of its own subjects and to the political position of Prmssia. "Your Excellency is authorizt'd to read this despatch to Count Ecchberg. " DE BISMARK." LADY ANGLERS.—Argiing is one of the most fashionable amusements for ladies. The Princess of Wales is frequently to be seen, rod in hand, on the banks of the Dee or its tributaries. On Thursday last, Lady Caroline Gordon Lennox went fishing on the Spey, and with re markable success, taking two grilses of Sib and 811 b; and on Friday her ladyship caught a salmon of ISll),—Ban§:. shin Journal, WEST INDIA AND PACIFIC MAILS. (REUTER'S EXPRESS.) SOUTHAMPTON ; Thursday. The Royal Mail Company's steam ship Shannon, Captain Abbott, with the above mails, arrived at her anchorage off Netley Hospital shortly before five o'clock this afternoon. She brings 113 passen gers, amongst whom are General Mosquera and family, from Santa Martha; General Blanco, from Venezuela ; Captains Knapp and Cook, from Bar badoes; and Lieutenant Gray, Dr. Jenkins, and the Rev. Duncan Campbell, from Jamaica. The Shannon has on freight specie value £461,573 sterling, of which amount £9,502 are on account of the Mexican dividends. Her cargo comprises 491 serons of cochineal, 255 cases cigars, 448 bales tobacco, 25 casks coffee, 16 casks ginger, 176 bales bark, 275 bags silver ore, 149 bags cocoa, and 401 packages sundries. Her Majesty's ships Pylades and Buzzard were at Sacrificios; the Phaeton, at Antigua; the Ariadne, at Carthagena ; and the Galatea, Desperate, and Aboukir, at Jamaica. The French screw frigate Bellow), the gunboat Tempete, and transport En treprenante, were at Sacrificios. The French paddle wheel frigate Montezuma was lost off the bar of the Goatzacoalcos River, the latter end of July ; the crew were all saved. The Spanish squadron was still at the Havannah. There is no importart news from Mexico. The Vera Cruz Railway was to be opened to Solidad on the 15th inst. Very severe weather has been experienced along the South Pacific coast. On the 11th July the British barque Atahualpa, 78 days from Liverpool, with general cargo, on entering Valparaiso Bay struck on a rack called the Buey, near the light house. The sea was breaking very heavily, and though every effort was made to save the cargo, nearly the whole went down with the ship on the 14th. The loss was estimated at 300,000 dollars. The crew were all saved. The Tamaya, British barque, put into Valparaiso on the 13th, with loss of topmasts, topsail yards, and sails, in a gala off Valdivia, after leaving Tal cahuano with wheat for Liverpool. The Chilian barque Toulon went ashore at Coronet; all hands saved, and the Chilian barque Jesus Ramos is supposed to have foundered. Anxiety was felt at Valparaiso for the Pacific Navigation Company's steamer Cloda, due there on the 12th, but had not been heard on the 18th. The British ship Cairngorm and the French ship Grand Pacifique, both with guano for Caliao, had put into Valparaiso with damage. A fire had destroyed in Valparaiso a building valued at 30,000 dols., wholly uninsured. The weather at Demerara had set in fair, and sugar .making was expected to become general throughout the colony ; many estates had already commenced. Produce of all kinds was scarce, and sugar in demand for the United States at 3 dols. 70c. to 3 dols. 90c. Molasses, 19c. to 21c. Rum, for shipment to England, 36e. to 38c. per gallon. Ton nage was ample, but a large supply would be re quired from Ist of September to the end of the year. Charters had been effected at ls. 6i. for sugar and 2d. for rum to London. Exchange on London, 90 days' sight, 476 dole. for private bills ; bank rate, 480 dole. The weather at Barbadoes has been fine for the crops, which had considerably improved. Provi sions, although scarce, were being extensively planted. The produce shipped to date amounted to—Sugar, 38,292 hhds., 3,981 tierces, 8,896 barrels, 1,004 bags ; molasses, 8,919 puns,, 332 hhds., 317 barrels; rum, 29 puns., 122 hhds. Exchange. — Bank bills, 90 days', 4878 dols.; 60 days', 490 dols.; 30 days', 4921 dols. There was a meeting of the Legislature on the 28th ult. The business trans. acted had reference only to the disturbed state of some parts of the colony. The weather at Jamaica up to the day prior to the sailing of the packet had been very dry, and the coffee and sugar crop seriously threatened by it. The Pimento crop had also suffered, and ground provisions were exceedingly scarce. The cattle had also suffered seriously. The heat had been excessive, vegetation completely parched, and the ponds and streams dried up. Business continued very dull, transactions being confined to demands for imme diate consumption. Coffee realised 56s to 58s; pimento sold at ; sugar, 16s to 21s, according to quality; rum sold at 2s to 2s 3d, and at is 10d to is 10-0 for proof 18 in bond. Exchange on London at 90 days was 2 per cent. prem.; 60 days, 1 per cent. ditto; and 30 days, 14- per cent. Freights little offering. The news from Trinidad is devoid of interest. The following is the latest news from Central America : " The Government of Salvador (General Barrios) was still in San Salvador on the 27th of July, but may be said to be reduced to that city ; for their communications (except with the port of Libcrtad) are cut off, and the Guatemalan troops are at Opica, Suchitoto (north), and Cojutepeque, and are reported to have moved on San Vicente, with the intention, of course, of cutting off the connection of the capital with the department of San Miguel. They are without revenues of any kind, except such sums as are derived from the sale of goods (seized and con fiscated and sold for half their value in the plaza) belonging to those who have refused to support this government or pronounced against it. - - "General Hernandez, who had been sent by Bar rios to Suchitoto with arms and men to oppose earns, at first hid himself and finally joined Cerna. " On the whole, the position seems to be almost a hopeless one tor General Barrios, and unless some accident should occur in his favour it seems likely he will have to leave before the end of the month." The Panama Star and Herald of the 9th instant, in its summary of news from the Pacific Coast, publishes the following : " CHlLL—Public attention has been turned dur ing the past fortnight to internal politics, and to a struggle in Congress to displace the present Govern ment. The attempt has been unsuccessful, and the ministry will now be in better position for carry ing out projects of improvements before them. Little attention is paid to the declaration of war by Bolivia. " We are happy to say (says the 31ercurio of July 17) that the railway between Valparaiso and San tiago is so far advanced that on the Ist inst. a loco motive ran right through from Valparaiso to the capita'. "'The Spanish squadron, after a stay of some ten days in Callao Bay, has sailed north. The French admiral with his vessels is still in the bay. " The 28th of July, the day of declaration of Peru's independence, has been celebrated in Lima and Peru with more than ordinary enthusiasm." MADLLE. A. PATTI, as the Atheneum prettily expresses it, is playing and singing her way through Germany along paths strewn with gold. Some of our con temporaries profess themselves to be outraged at the sums this young lady receives. She is engaged to M. Bagier for Paris and Madrid, they tell us, at £l2O for each perform ance. Let us remind them that they have chosen to present her to the public as a first-class singer —the equal of Mali bran, Mesdames Grisi and Persiana, havingan added charm of her own—that of youth. If they be right in their esti mate (to which we have never subscribed) they aro wrong in their logic, by which she is proved to be exorbitant. Set ting aside the known fact, that first-class singers are becom ing rarer and rarer every day, Madlle. Patti is not paid snore than Malibran—net so much as Madlle. Lind—but a little in excers of La Bastardella, who, in Burney's time, when he was managing the concerts at the Pantheon (this was 80 years ago or thereabouts), received 100 guineas nightly, for two songs I " False gods are made by fanatics," says the poet, but the fanatics do ill to cry out, against the worship of the idols which "themselves have made." UNREALITIES inevitable in the feebler writers of fiction ! There is the ball, with its jealousy, and bliss, and moralis7ngs ; whsre the author gently ventilates his views about the relation between the mental powers of men and of women,imarshalling his scraps of arguments under little labels—" said Lady Edith:' " exclaimed Mild incy," or " cued Lord Charks." There is the hunt, where the lover tempts his mistress to break her neck, or the mistress tempts her suitor to break his, followed by exclamations of of "My life—my love have killed you"—exclamations which give us no sort of concern, because wo aro calmly confident that in the next page he or she will heav e a h uge sigh, faintly smile, and fina ll y look up with eyes beaming with ineffable tenderness. And lastly, there is the young man who at once rushes into a hands - ;me income by writing for the Aewpapers, =., TO 1113 straffar. .„; HER MAJESTY. The Queen in Germany. ROSENALT, COBURG, Aug. 24. . . Her Majesty the Q ueen , accom p an i e d by her Royal Highness Princess Helena, attended Divine service in the chapel at the Kallenberg yesterday, where the service was performed by General Super intendent Meyer. Her Majcsty and the Princess remained for luncheon at the Kallenberg, where the Duke of Coburg and the Crown Prince of Prussia had ar rived that morning. Her Majesty and tho Princess afterwards visited the Prince and Princess Augustus of Saxe-Coburg at Coburg. Foreign Courts. PARIS, Aug. 23. A communication from the Camp of Chalons, dated the 25th, says :—" The Emperor was present yesterday at a second grand series of manoeuvres, under the orders of Marshal Baraguay d'Hilliers. An immense number of persons from the surround ing neighbourhood were assembled, and saluted with the loudest acclamations his Majesty and the Prince Imperial, who was on his pony. This morn ing his Majesty was present at the target practice of the artillery and infantry. To-morrow at nine o'clock will take place the grand review, at which the Emperor is to distribute the recompenses awarded on the occasion of the 15th, and in the course of the day his Majesty will leave the camp for St. Cloud." King Leopold and the royal family of Belgium went to Bruges the morning before last, and re turned to Ostend in the evening. Count de Flandre took his departure the same night for Tervueren on a shooting excursion. The Prince and Princess Ypsilanti have arrived in Paris from Ems and alighted at the Hotel St. James. BERLIN, Aug. 25. It is generally expected that the King will re turn from Baden-Baden to Berlin on Monday next. Gen. Bogen, one of the generals in the suite of the King, and son of the late Field-Marshal and Minister of War, will, it is affirmed, proceed to the Hague as Prussian Minister. The general has not hitherto filled any diplomatic appointment. VIENNA, Aug. 24. A grand national festival was celebrated on the Prater, at Vienna, yesterday. Half of the popula tion of the capital assembled, and cheered most heartily when the military choir sang the national songs, which were joined in by many thousands. The archdukes were present, and were received by the people with great enthusiasm. During the evening the chief burgomaster, Dr. Zelinka, sent the following telegram to the Emperor, at Frank fort : " Hundreds of thousands of the inhabitants of Vienna assembled to-day at the festival of the peo ple, joyfully waft a cheer to their most gracious Emperor. May your Majesty graciously permit that the burgomaster of your capital and residen tial city, in the name of the assembled population, may respectfully express their unanimous wish that Almighty God may watch over each step of our beloved Emperor, and that the great work now begun may be blessed with a happy issue." At ten minutes past nine the same night, the Emperor's answer was received as follows : " I send thanks,and a hearty greeting to those who are so happily met together to-day, to those who think of me, and to all tho inhabitants of Vienna. "FRANCIS JOSEPH." BERNBURG, August 22. The Duke of Anhault-Dessau-Cothen, as actual Du.ke of Anhault, took possession of the country lately belonging to the now extinct Anhault-Bern bug line to-day. The ducal commissary accom plished the important act by administering the oath of fidelity to the mtrmbers of the Supreme Council, and by the publication of a proclamation, signed by the Duke. The oath was administered to the troops by Major-General Stockmar. For the pre sent the existing authorities will continae to act. Her Royal Highness the Princess George of Saxony will leave Scarborough next week on a tour. Baron Gersdorff, long resident in England as Saxon Minis ter, will accompany her royal highness. Baroness Biome (wife of the Hanoverian charge d' ahraires), who has been staying with the princess, is not expected at te Hanoverian Legation until the departure of her royal highness on her retnrn to Germany. The Duke and Duchess of Montrose will return to town at the end of the ensuing month, from Buchanan Castle, Stirlingshire, on their way to Paris, where they will stay a few weeks before the marriage of Lady Violet Graham. The Earl and Countess of Derby will entertain a large circle of friends at Knowsley, the week after next. His lordship has been unable to avail himself of invitations to the North in consequence of his strong desire to person ally fulfil his duties as chairman of the Lancashire Relief Committee. It is doubtful, although in excellent health,. whether the noble earl will leave Knowsley for any change of scene while his duties require his presence in Lancashire. The Earl and Countess Grey are staying on a visit to tho Right Hon, Edward Ellice, at Glenquoich, N.B. Earl Granville, the President of the Council, who is in attendance on the Queen during her Majesty's stay in Germany, arrived at Coburg on Monday, from Frank fort. The Earl and Countess Russell, Lord Amberley, and the other members of the noble earl's family, arrived at Loehearnhead Hotel, Perthshire, on Tuesday last, and left on Wednesday for Callandar and the Trossachs. Lord Londesoorough has left Grimston Park, Yorkshire, for his shooting quarters in the north of Scot land. SENSATIONAL ART.—Wilkie's "Distraining for. Rent" and "Chelsea Pensioners," AI illais's "Fire man," Wallis's " Chatterton," Maclise's "Wellington and Blucher," Martineau's "Last Day in the Old House"—to take examples from the chance supplies of memory—aro alt pictures (according to an able weekly critic), which depend for much of their effect on sensational elements, but which. no one, nevertheless, would think of calling sensational. In like manner, in literature, the Waverley novels and Shakspare's plays contain far more striking points and moving incidents than the very best-devised melodrama. Their popularity with the unthinking, as Charles Lab i pointed out admirably in the case of Shakspeare, rests n deed, in no small measure, on these elements. Yet we give the name sensational, not to the . 6 Heart of Mid Lothian" or to " Othello," but to the dra mas of the Vic toria or Miss Braddon's novels. So a g ain, whilst Millais's "Fireman" would be spoken of simply as a powerful dra matic scene of physical emotion, his "Nun's Rescue" ; vas More decidedly, a n d l ess at once recognised as belong in g to what we might now term the "Aurora Floyd" style. excusably ouch, considering the subject, was his Moon light scene from Keats in this year's Exhibiti on . A n d even in case of a genius so magnificent as Scott's, one or two of the later novels, as "Anne of Geierstein," written when that noble hand had lost much of its cunning, are not frco from distinct sensationalism. THE SEIZURE OF ILLEGAL NETS AND OTHER ENGINES.—Froni a return just made by the county police, it appears that between last May and the present time 1,510 illegal nets, 79 other engines, and 71b, of salmon roe, of the estimated value in the aggregate of £653, have been seized by the police in the counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland, under the authority of search warrants granted under the provisions of the act 24th and 25th Vic. , cap. 109. Since the return was made some more nets have been seized at Penrith. The circumstances connected therewith were fully explained to a full bench of magi strates, in petty sessions, on last Tuesday. They unani. mously condemned them as illegal, and ordered them to be destroyed. 1,, 111 E, IiARVEST IN LINCOLNSIIIRE.—Owing to the showery, unsettled state of the weather during the past few days, harvest operations in this county have been impeded. A great deal 'of wheat has already been secured in fine condition, and the yield is much greater than that of last year. Fully two-thirds of the corn is cut and now lying in the fields. A few days of line sunshine would at this juncture be of immense value, as the farmers would be enabled to get it into stack. A very large breadth of barley has fallen to the sickle, and very high prices are being asked for malting sorts, on account of their superior quality. The yield will be very good indeed. Oats are turning out exceedingly well, and the quality of the grain is splendid. Beans will only be a moderate crop. Althuuo the recent rains have checked harvest work, the moisture has been of great value to the pastures and inaugolds. Potatoes continue good , Turnips are thriving rapidly, and the crop will be heavy. %,.,........,... lio Then circles, tinder t cent. ezercisi Will ❑o after th the 4th The IVerines 111 ' , Ints, c arid note tieulars • Acti Durin amount Colonial Inaintair cocoa ha rate rate tallow tr transacts having 1 The of tion for t just been the totE United to 1:75,( Period of The icor and ale, dashery tures, an Tho in larger, a Wool, eoe Wine, The 13 ] the amoi trad e for antes Cu coasting About , Yesterday The St Ill th £46 13 131 tr au :3 Perk rs °el nt. ~Per c ent. 3 ' en , 4. Per 4 " Per cj i ' t 4 . uuiti ea uitto foi• Indicts (It( ,_ -Ditt o s uel I )itt o bitt o 5 11 ' 13 l a ditto ,t t t t 4 lc , 1 t t i t o tet , ci _ r ° Stock °4s°lB for "clia `tock - - -oliteh 2'; p I blur) 4 p nal. Rex re4atiatt p Ijitt' o Ditto 1\1( Au fair. 0 "c, Es timat e , 12 t o 22. Ibrt, Sal es AltArket Bull Ites rub] O the Seve Govi 1 Othe Note