The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-17 00:00:00

MP STEAD JUNCTION RAILWAY._ Ti A NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That the HALF EARLY GENERAL 31EETING of the Hampstead Junc tion Railway Comnanv will be held at the Euston Station, Lend -n. on MONDAY, the 31st day of August, 1863, at 3 o'clock p.m„ precisely, and that such meeting - will be made SpeciAl. for the purpose of considering and, if approved, adopting an agreement for the transfer of the Hampstead Junction Company's undertaking to the London and North- Western Railway Company. order. F. HARLEY, Secretary, Euston Station, London, 15th August, 1E63. FORESTERS' GREAT FETE. TO-MORROW (Tuesday), ONE SHILLING, Open for admission front s in the morning till dark. CRYSTAL PALACE-FORESTERS' GREAT FETE, TO-MORROW (Tuesday). Aug. 18.—ME T ING of FORESTERS from all PARTS of the UNITED JCINGDOM. SPECIAL ATTRACTION —Mammoth Balloon AFemt by Mr. Coxwelt—Display of all the Great Fountains, and entire series of Waterworks --Minim) , and other extra Bands in the g rounds —Dancing—Outdoor Sports and Athlett • Games —Grand Processions and General Amusemen s from morning - , till nie - ht— The Palace lighted up in the evening,. Trains will run as often as required from London-bridge, V:ctoria. Elephant and Castle, and intermediate stations. Open from Eight in the Morning till Dirk. Admission as usual, One Shilling, ; Children, Sixpence. THE GREAT FOUNTAINS n•d MAMMOTH BALLOON ASCENT, TO-MORROW, at half-past Three, FORESTERS' FET', CRYSTAL PALACE. CRYSTAL PALACE—The Grimiest FLOWER GARDEN in the World.—Special attention is directed to the Slopes and Beds round the _Rosary, on the Upper Ter race, on each side the Grand Centre Wa he, and round the Great Circular Fountain. The effect produced by the lar2 . e muses of various coloured flowers is brilliant in the extreme. 17) ICHARD MONCK TON MILNES, M.P.- Poor John Bull—Thoughts in a Crowd—in FUN this week. One Penny. NEW THEATRE-8.0 YAL, ADELPI - 11. Sole Proprißtor and Manager. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, THE IRISH TIGER. After which, at Eight o'clock, a new drama, entitled THE /TAUNTED MAN ; oil, T ,E GHOST'S 13ARGAIN, in which will be exhibited Professor Pepper's adaptation of the Great Spectral Illusion. Messrs. J. L. Toole, R. Phi.lips, efton C. J. Smith; Mrs. Alfred Mellon and Miss H. Siinms. Followed by a new Burlesque, ent . tied II,L-TRE AT ED IL TROVATORE. Illcssrs. Toole. P. Bedtord, R. Phillips, lanrne, C. J. Smith, Romer ; the Sisters Nelson, Carry and Sari, and Miss K. Kelly. Commence at 7. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Manager, Mr. W. H. Swanboroug . h. THIS EVENING, BIS FIRST CHAMPAGNE. Mr. Leigh Murray. Followed by (25th time) THE MOTTO, "I'M ALL THEttE." Messrs. Honey, Turner, E. Danvers, ColliMariaer, Clifton ; Mesdames Ada Swanborotu - ch, F. Josephs, Simpson, Wallace, ana Jenny White. To conclude with TURN HIM OUT. Mr. Turner, Miss Thorne. Commence at 7. 7 HE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN," Containing. the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, an be bad Every Evening, of G. R. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. HIGH' WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAT.—Morning, 3h. 45m.—Afternoon, 31.55 m T O -mor.BovAr.-Morning, 41. 16m.—Afternoon. 4h. 30ra, The Weather—Sun Office, Aug. 17, 1863. THERMOMETER. This mortal/3m This day at Two o'clock 79 __ __ Barometer-29.83. ; fresh, and fine weather. __4l : 4 ll < tt Zir LONDON, MONDAY, AUGUST 17, 1863, The Emperor of AUSTRIA heading the national movement for the unification of the Germanic Empire ! The Archduke MAXLIILIAN preparing to receive the Imperial purple, crown, and sceptre won for him in Mexico by the army of NAPO LEON 111. The stripling King of the GREEKS, late one of the boy-princes of Denmark, setting out on his " grand tour" preparatory to his ascending that uneasy throne at Athens from which the ex- King OTHO was so unceremoniously thrust some few months back by an abrupt revolution ! The Russian Autocrat still wielding the scourge fiercely over the insurgent population of his Polish pro vinces! The ill-advised King of PRUSSIA becoming every day more and more estranged from the whole of the great Confederation he formerly aspired to lead as Chieftain instead of thus forsaking as Renegade While such are among the more con spicuous contemporary incidents now transpiring in Europe, the intelligence brought to us from the opposite shores of the Atlantic, from the seat of war in the North American Republic, is of the same weary, hopeless, inconcludent character as here tofore. Another great battle is—of course—said to be imminent. Believe that who will! Again the boasted successes of the North turn out to be, in point of fact, so very little of successes at all that the Federal Victor at the head of his triumphant army, if not wholly at a standstill, proves at the very least to be utterly powerless, so far as relates to his inter ference with the movements of his antagonist. General LEE, since the battle of Gettysburg, has gone whithersover he listed. He has carried away with him all his booty. He has borne off with him not only his own wounded, but the heavy guns cap tured from the Northern army during the recent raid of his own troops into - Maryland and Pennsylva nia. He has, after deliberately and leisurely passing the whole of his forces back into Virginia across the Potomac, retired calmly and without molestation of any kind from the Shenandoah Valley, passing through the most con venient gap he could find in the range of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and is so continuing his march on Culpepper, midway between the North Fork and the Rapidan, two of the tributarks of the Rappa hannock. Only then, at length, as one might sup pose for very shame's sake, after all the recent boasting as to tee victorious character of the Federal achievements at Gettysburg, only then, at length, when LEE'S army had passed southwards between the line of the North Fork and that of the RApidan, does General MEADE that redoubtable strategist, appear to have so far aroused himself ""end a corps of his pursuing (?) and victorious(?) of the"ross the former of those two parallel branches North F e I Pp k ahannock, that is, across the line of the if that vet , with a view to prevent General LEE, e possible, from still carrying on his movements s o this completely to his cwn satisfacti on ! The result 0 tardy display of anythin g lik e resolutio n on the g, as of the F e d era l Commander in- Chief, bein 15 7 4 e ti now learn from our advises by the Africa, the th e back of the Federal corps with severe loss by - Confederates. tb, ufantry and artillery of the Elsewhere the tide seems again to have turned unmistakeably against th e N orth, it was confidently stated bv General B ANKS , "dam n° of the Ist instant, had immediately beforeid Despatch been seriously defeated in Louisiana 4. thatth a t o ss of date no less than six thousand of his me, " prisoners! Th e Confederate Ge neral JOII NSTONE moreover -rs • pears to be no more pursued by General G RAN „ " a s the 1 to the captureg—thsegue of Vicksbur a-, as we have seen, and in fact demonstrated by our fore going remarks, that other and greater Coate:tic:rate General LEE has been pursued all this while by his rep uted victor, as the sequel to the fierce conflict fo ug h t on the ensanguined heights of Gettysburg. Besides which—Fort Wagner, so far from being taken, is actually turning the tab!es upon its assailants, by bombarding them in their now almos . - purely defensive position on 111, orris Island Reverting, however, to the chief subject of interest in regard to this miserable war, the relative situation of the main armies of the belligerents respectively under the banners of the Federal and Confederate commanders-in- Chief, it now appears probable fiom this latest informatioa brought across the ocean by the Africa, thac General LEE i 3 dexterously withdrawing his a:my by a flank novement from the neighbourhoJd of Culpepper, so a, 3 to resume his former position relatively, that is, to li'dchmond. Whether this will really turn out to Ile the case or not, we shall hear now. very speedily—by our next instalments of intelligence. 'The probabilities being far more likely that 3 uch will prove to be the case, than that the !great battle said, as usual, to be imminent, should t urn out to have been fought in the angle between the North Fork and the Rappahannock. As for the i nfnriating Proclamation just issued by President ICANCOLN, threatening the South with implacable ,?taliation for every black soldier taken prisoner and afterwards shot by the Confederates—it :is of a-piece with the whole of his policy. Such retaliation is the least President LINCOLN could clo, perhaps, in attempted defence of the unfortu nate negroes forcibly enrolled by his Government. But their enrollment at all, under the circumstances was the cruellest mistake of ell the numerous and flagrant mistakes into which Mr. LINCOLN has blundered since this dreadful war commenced. It is the mistake by which the fury of war has been already and will be henceforth increasingly in tensified. oufdipon s quietude n a t o d n a i n n x o i e o toy which d t h t rhues many t a h n e y m c s a e u l v s e e s s o t f h s e a re tis is . o t e o m e p v l e a r t y i n h g o r o t the y a , s b p e u c t t v o e f r y E p u r r a o c P t c a s n i s a o ff u a r i c r e s su b r je r c o t m fo a r l u l at p i a o r n t a o l t o h f an th k e f f c l n t i e o s n ; Iv a n h c h is j trulyoic g a . country the accountsof o t o h t e joi h p a at r i v o e n s s t , prospects exceed e-ceed the most sanguine glowing summer weather which we have been has brought a blessing in its tr a i n lately which enjoyingthe po poor will not be slow to appreciate. "A bad harvest" is a word of terror to the masses. It is a common saying that when bread is dear every thing is dear, and so it often unhappily proves. We cannot be too thankful that the favourable season has contributed so seasonable a relief to the distress still unhappily prevalent in the North, a relief far more valuable than the munificence of capitalists, or the suggestions of philanthropy. The accounts are almost universally good ; in some parts of Norfolk the crops are said to excel those of the last 20 years. The absence of the potato disease is another blessing, which, added to the good harvest, will, we hope, render food for the million cheap and plentiful. We have obtained these advantages, too, without suffering from the heat, as many of our continental neighbours have done. In Paris the thermometer has reached an extraordinary height, marking 81 deg. in the shade before 11 o'clock in the morning. Happily the vintage has not suffered, as the vine is enabled to endure long continued heat better than most trees; so that while the trees in the parks and gardens near Paris are scorched by the fiery atmosphere, the vine growers are looking forward hopefully to the fifth good vintage cut of six. We have seen something here of the effects of the sun in drying up streams end ditches, and have received a sad lesson of caution for the future. The recent ter rible accident near Lynn was, as is generally known, chiefly owing to the excessive and con tinuous heat of the weather, which had converted the ditch that served to exclude straying cattle from the rails into an easy pathway for intruders. Norfolk has had tragic proof, as well as pleasant evidence, of the unusual season, and we trust that in no other county may the general satisfaction be so painfully marred. The effect of our sunbeams have, however, been but trifling compared with the sunshine of France, The waters of the Loire, we learn from a provincial paper, have never previously been so low as now. One of the principal rivers of thQ country, giving its name to several departments, has often desolated the neighbouring lands by the extent of its inundations. The inhabitants of the vicinity of Nievre have been in the habit, it seems, of carrying the produce of the harvest across the river in boats. But this year a marvellous change has taken place. At the beginning of har vest it was found that the usual mode of transit was impossible, owing to the river having fallen too low. Accordingly, the goods had to be con veyed a circuitous route by the nearest bridge; but before very long it appeared that the corn could be carted across the bed of the Loire with the greatest ease. This is not altogether a pleasant symptom, if the dry season is to last much longer ; but in Hungary matters have reached a more startling extremity. The drought has produced a dearth which is said to be very serious. A story is told of Lower Hungary which, if true, indicates wide-spread distress. A peasant who owned four horses was unable to feed them and unwilling to see them starve; he therefore took them on to the high road and tied them to a tree in the hope that some one would steal and feed them, knowing that horse-stealieg was common. The next day, on returning to the spot, he not only found his horses still there, but with four others brought there for the same reason. When the heat exceeds the bounds within which it fertilises the soil and developes its produce, it becomes a destroy ing agent instead of a benefactor. Further South, however, its influence is less injurious, for the news from Egypt tell 113 that the harvest is generally satisfactory and superior to that of last year. Another interesting feature in the intelligence from Alexandria is the mention made of the cotton pros pects. It is said that " the considerable develop ment given to the cultivation of cotton in Egypt leads to the hope that the next picking, commencing in September, will be abundant." This is good news for Lancashire, and may serve possibly to encourage the faint hopes of those mournful prog nosticators who regard the American war as inter minable, and refuse to believe that cotton worth working can be grown anywhere but in the Southern States. " CESAR or nothing" seems tube the motto of such objectors, y A if their memories will carry them back some twenty years they will find that their machinery was then of a far rougher kind than at present, yet the cotton trade thrived as it would again, provided a sufficient supply of any tolerable quality were forthcoming. A staple constantly in demand for all classes of the com munity cannot suddenly disappear from the market unless its place is filled by an efficient substitute. There is no reason why cotton from Egypt, India, Jamaica, Queensland, Italy, and Africa should not, with a few years' cultivation, equal any kind of American produce. If the soil and the climate of these places are adapted to the cultivation of the cotton plant, which has been abundantly proved, and the same means and care arec employed on it which have produced such sue doubtless, anxiety results in America, why should so much be felt as to the future ? The present, fie'Ulte as s r e t o a t bloomyt:.3hrlleallw Prospectsa manly k andel enough, but the supplies of the future are, e o rt E k t i n h g e , t i r n ad o e u . r It t w i n s hands. fe a r e a dlffi.ulty is the uncertainty g the A mer i can that if the A merican war be conclusion the old story ne will ie be e r d ep foreated, and ev er y brought to a s p ee d y i other source of supply et markets. Men naturally shrink no a costly speculation if they have f engaging i n security that they will have a fair field for competition. If even a few capitalists had had sufficient :oresigh e t to antk,,ipate the danger, and suli:ient spirit to gh , r . d fvfaindt it by stimulating the, growth of cotton Else_ where, tla rcolto would haw; bccu %cry different, THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 17, 1863. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) THE POLISH INSURRECTION. CRACOW, AUG. 17. Two sanguinary engagements took place in the Palatinate of Cracow upon the 15th, the first at Grodzisko, the second at Cz3rus-chan upon the Galician frontier. A Polish detachment was thrown back over the frontier, and the village of Korzgiez was burnt by the Russians. Several persons were massacred by the troops, THE POLISH QUESTION. REPLIES OF ENGLAND AND FRANCE BERLIN, AUG, 17. LeVera received here from St. Petersburg.respect log the contents of the notes of the Western Powers state that the purport of the French note is of a thoroughly pacific nature, and that the English note, although couched in terms of the most perfect courtesy, is rather more reserved, although maintaining the same sense. Both notes persevere in the proposals formerly made by the Powers to Russia. They regret that Russia has not consented to accept the six points, the project of a conference, and an armistice, but hope that atter mature consideration the GoNcrn ment of the Emperor will arrive at a different con clusion. While both Powers make ;Russia respon sible for future consequences they declare that after having fulfiiled the duties imposed upon them by humanity and the right interpretation of treaties, they must for the present confine themselves to repeating their former observations with increased emphasis. M. Droun de Lhuys and Earl Russell further declare themselves willing to await the measures which the Russian Government may adopt, in the hope that they will lead to peace. Nothing authentic has transpired with respect to the contents of the Austrian Note. It is beli eve d that Pr i nce G or t sc h a k o ff w ill t a k e some time b e f ore forwar di ng his replies t o th e notes, as the Emperor left yesterday for Novgorod, and will c er t a i nly not return f or a t l eas t ten days. CONGRESS AT FRANKFORT. FRANKFORT-ON-MAINE, AUG. 17. The following are stated in diplomatic circles to be the basis of the Austrian programme for Federal reform : A Directory of five, consisting of Austria, Prussia, Bavaria, an d two other G erman P owers to be chosen. A Federal C ounc il o f permanent representatives of G erman S tates : an Upper H ouse t o b e compose d of th e P r i nces; and an Assem bl y o f D e l ega t es f rom the German Di e t, 300 in number , half of whom will be se n t by the Austrian and Prussian D iets, the remaind er b y the ot h er German Diets. Two thirds of th e Del e gates are to be cho sen by the Lower H ouses of the Diets o f the Germ an S tates, and one-thi r d b y the Upper Ho uses. The powers of the Federal Assembl y to be in creased. Te e sessions to b e triennial. Some pri nc i ples for gener al national legisl a ti on to be adopt e d, v i z.—a l aw regulating the right o f domicile; a general press law ; a general law re specting ass oc i at i ons, an d a law for the establish ment of Federal tribunals. The Congress will positively be opened at 11 a.m. to-day, in the presence of t he German Princes only. A report, although not unlikely to be well founded, is in circulation that the assembled Princes will forward to P r ussia a friendly invitation to be present at the Congress. heSoverei Several. German journals, and especially the IVorth German Gazette, declare openly against th e assembling of the Sovereigns. After declaring that itnheampositien if the Frankfort Parliament finished unhappily i n 1849, the reason was simply because in the reform The fault. Congressrr of the constitution, it paid attention to the peopl e o f Princes al. e p — o s " i te are going to deliberate on a course which the peoplegns iosnl abouty, t htaot commit om journalna jt the addosp: will probably reject as insufficient. Only, in the latter case, the danger is so much the greater, from e the persons who will compromise themselves by.. the failure d o o f es s t u o c 1: admit i enterpris etheir exposing The COnstitutionnel in noticing the langua ge Those ideas, it must be declared,ugej just quoted says—" shared by a certain portion of the public • In Ger. many ; but if the task of which Francis J o nb has assumed the in itiative has its difficulties,se' - public opinion will always give the young Emperor credit fur his liberal intentions, and it is things impossible th e y should rem ain without s ome result." that " The Congre ss of Frankfort, "renaarks the Temp s , e has d ec idedly given a terrible blow to King Liam and Cou nt do Biernark. Strange "T"- said on the su b j ect, and th e Austrian are an journ a l s i n makeparticula Queen Augusta play a very act i ve part in the late p rocee dings at Gastein. The Queen is said to have invoked her title of mo th er to obtain th at her ma, the should at lea st be consulted Prince R o y a l, ;il which the th rone is so seriou's S. engaged. It l an affair in was in conseq uence of t hat a ppeal su mmoned the Prince.noyai th a t t h e Ki ng tele graph. Comm ents hav e not been wanting on th e e Gastein by subject of the interview b etween father and son . According to a letter, the prince Royal d ec l are d himself very w arml y against the abstention of Prussia. In hi s o p i nion, the King to the initiative of A ustria by p ropos i ng at the Con ought to reply ference of Sove rei gns the formation representation , th e result of direct of a nati ona l WiLiam is said not to have been convinced of th e electi on . Ki ng Olney of that plan, and accordingly refused," A Democratic " meeting , " to be held at Frankfort after the Congress of Sove reigns, and will bo mostnumerous; nearly 400 deputies have already announced their intenti on t o t herefore be amply proposed by A ustr i a w i ll discussed. The mee ti ng o f the German d e p ut i es will not sepa ra t e with out having al so t which cannot be treated the P o li s h quest i on , beyond the solved, say s th e j ourna l s of Germany. We Rhine, without the p ar ti c ip a tion Germany joi n the most heartily desire to see her interests and Western Powers in this matter; sympathies are all in favour of such a Course, is the question, What is called the great German presented by Pet y a collection of small States re ‘ty Potentates all opposed in opi nions at vieVS; it is very doubtful that these miniature sovereigns can or will come to any decision ; it will therefore be for the delegates about to assembl e ' at Frankfort to replace them, and to give utterance to a powerful German protest in favour 0120huid „ and we might now be rejoicing over a cotton bar vest as rich and liberal as our store of wheat. But while deploring the perversity that has produced such dire distress, we must be thankful that its effects are likely to be in some degree alleviated by that merciful Providence who tempers evil with good, and that the general plenty and prosperity enjoyed throughout the nation et large will enable us the moro readily to assist our suffering coun trymen. Sir JOHN TRELAWNY has certainly not lost much time in rendering an account of his steward ship, as last Thursday he addressed his constituents at Tavistock. The hon. baronet had not a very easy task before him, because nothing is so tiresome as discussing a session that has been barren of events. He contented himself by referring to the questions of the day in general terms rather than in a par ticular manner as regarded the past. He first alluded to the subject of reform, and observed that he considered it very unwise to exclude so many of our artisans from the franchise, since it was enough to drive them away to places where they could obtain that privilege, and thus serious inconvenience would be sustained by the country. As regarded the ballot, he did not see any chance for it at pre sent, but he would remind the electors that they would have the question in their own hands at the next election. Sir JOHN then passed on to the question of finance. Ho said that it was encouraging in many points of view. The revenue of India had balanced itself, and the expenditure would be diminished in the lonian Islands by taking away the troops. He blamed, however, Govern ments on both sides for allowing small grants without due inquiry. There was great troth in this objection of the hon. baronet, for there is no doubt that much is wasted through incautious and hasty passing of votes, without taking trouble to note the circumstances of the case. He explained why he had voted egainst the purchase of the Exhibition building; he was convinced that it would have led to far greater expenditure than had been stated at first. Next Sir JOHN adverted to Mr. SOAMES' bill for closing the public houses on Sunday. He truly said that "no one more fully appreciated, both on sanitary as well as moral grounds, the vast importance of adhering to tem perance, but it was possible to ride the hobby too far." He hoped they would have some alteration in the county rates shortly, and he thought that those who paid them ought to have some control over their expenditure. He trusted that the Con servatives would assist him in some of these endea vours to equalise payments. As for Church -rates Sir JOHN observed that ho would in future leave the conduct of that question to younger and more ener getic men, but he would be happy to render any assistance. Both the opponents and supporters of that bill will agree that it could not have had a more able exponent or untiring advocate than Sir JOHN has ever proved himself to be, and if success has not crowned his efforts it has not been because either will or ability were wanting in his exertion. On the whole this first exposition of the services of a member to his constituents, since the prorogation of Parliament, has been a creditable one for himself, and a satisfactory one for them, according to the manner in which it was received. Her MAJESTY'S visit to Germany, although nomi nally of a private character, is yet not without its significance. In the first place, it is notable to witness a constitutional Sovereign leaving her own people in security, and travelling to foreign parts, while so many other monarchs are just now involved in such serious struggles end overcome with heavy burdens of State. If these ambitious men care to learn a lesson they may do so in this event, and observe that if our countrymen do not make such parade about their liberties, they are yet in the en joyment of independence at once solid and secure: Also they may perceive that it is not those Sove reigns who are the most absolute in their sway, and exert the most despotic power, who really enjoy the most freedom, or can exercise the greatest privi leges. There are some potentates now in Europe who would be puzzled to go away from their own dominions with as much trust and security as our QUEEN has done, and who are indeed so constantly plunged in excitements of one kind or another as to render such ad achievement all but impossible. The QUEEN'S visit has also, mingled with its mourn ful and melancholy associations, something of a poli tical interest attached to it this year. Though Ili thing might have been further from the thoughts of those who planned the excursion when the sub ject was first mooted, the ever-changing current of events has brought things to pass that no one fore saw. It is certain that the QUEEN cannot receive the Crown Prince and Princess of PRUSSIA without touching on questions of vast moment, and whose issue may concern the existence of the monarchy itself. In consequence of the very peculiar conduct of King Vl,' ILLIAm, it is not likely that the recapi tulation of events will be very pleasant ; but it is not to be supposed that any of the party assembled at Rotandsecke would wish that the meeting had not taken place. It must be a source of satisfaction to the QUEEN to be able to impart her advice person ally, and it is not likely that at this june. ture the Prince and Princess could have come over to this country. Much may be done when affairs are discussed riva voce, which can never be attained when other forms of communication are resorted to. After this second visit to the scenes that are so associated with the memory of the de parted PRINCE CONSORT it is to be trusted that our QUEEN will return to her subjects more consoled. She has many distractions to divert her mind from overwhelming trouble end inconsolable grief. There is another daughter to welcome her abroad with new ties of affection to attract and awaken sympathy and regard. When she returns to her own country again her subjects will be greatly re joiced to welcome her back, and if she can suffi• ciently rouse herself to appear among them as of old, the whole nation will consider that their prayers have been answered. It is only the blessing from above that can enable the mourners to recover their strength, and the afflicted to come back to the weary march of life. That their SOVEREIGN may enjoy this privilege has been the constant hope of her devoted people, and now that the second year of her mourn ing is far advanced, they may venture to look for• ward to some lighterling of the gloom that has hung over the palace homes of England, and imparted some of its sombre shade to many other dwellings through the length and breadth of the land. Ail ;he6o will rejoice with heartfelt thanksgiving when .be night of sorrow has passed away and giveu place to the day, not perhaps of gladness, but 0 , cheerful calmness and refreshed energy. The last part of the Boulevard Sebastopol has just been finished. 'The Medicis Fountain, which has been reconstructed, and gilt with great magnificence, was to be opened on Saturday last. PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES--M. Scechi, the di rector of the Observatory at Rome, according to the London Review, has been making special analyses of the light of the various planets for the purpose of determin in g the existence or absence as w e ll as th e n a ture of any atmos pheres around them. The deductions from these experi meats are that the moon has no atmosphere, or so little that its effect is bar e ly se Ls ibl e , an d requ i r i ng th e mos t delicate means atmospheresfor its detection, while the planets certainly have froml. Owns LA eQropeaition are not wry cliff:rent] LONBAY MAIL. MARSEILLES, AL G. 17. The Valetta, wif,h the above mail, arrived here at six a.m. this day. The mail left for London by the 11.30 a.m. train, Almost all the Dublin press, comprising five mornin g and two evening papers, have written strongly in favour of the Channel fleet visiting the Bay of Dublin and harbou r o f Ki ngstown. Th e y state that the Man-of- War Roads th ere have amp l e wa ter for the Warrior and Black Princ e , bcur of King s t own. while the smaller ships cou ld li e i n the liar- The shipping o f New Brunswick and Nova Scotia is rapidly in creas i ng . On the independence of the Confederate States they wilt be the principal carriers be• meat North anti Smith, ED penedirg these of Boacn, nw Y,9111 ) auk Maine, in person. AMERICA. The ground given for the condemnation of the Peterhoff was that—" She was laden with contra band of war with the knowledge of the owners. She was not truly destined to Matamoros for the purposes of commerce within the authority and in tendment of public law, but to some other place, both in aid and for the use of the enemy, and in violation of the law of nations. The ship's papers were simulated and false as to her real destination." The schooner Stephen Hart arid the barque Sally Magree have been condemned. The brig Isabella Thompson and her cargo have been restored to the owners without damage or costs, and with permis sion to the libellants to furnish further proof. The schooner Glen and her cargo have been re stored to the owners with costs and damages. NEW YORK, August 4 (Evening). President Lincoln has issued a proclamation an nouncing that the Federals will adopt a system of retaliation if the South refuse to treat negrots as prisoners of war. Both the Federal and Confederate armies are inactive on the Rappahannock. Th 3 Richmond Dispatch asserts that Gen. Banks nas been defeated in Louisiana. The Richmond Dispatch of the Ist inst. asserts that the Confederate General Taylor has engaged the Fedcrals under General Banks, in Louisiana, and completely routed them, capturing G,OOO pri soners. News from Charleston to the 31st ult. states tha the Federal fleet had bombarded Cumming's Poin without material result. Fort Wagner kept up its bombardment upon the Federal position on Morris Island. The Confe deeates have erected fresh batteries upon James's Island. The Union ticket has been elected in Kentucky by a large majority. A collision has taken place between the " copper heads" and the " Union men" in lowa. It is re ported that the former number 4,000, and are fully armed. The military have been despatched to the scene of conflict. Messrs. William Yancy and John B. Floyd are very ill and not expected to recover. News received here from Havana states that over 1,500,000 dols. worth of property was destroyed by the late fire, NEW YORK, August 5 (Evening). (By Telegraph to Halifax.) General Lee's forces, excepting Hill's corps, are reported to be south of the Rapidan. A brigade of General Longstreet's corps occupies Fredericksburg heights. The Confederates have sent quantities of stores to Fredericksburg. The Washington Star says :—lt is generally be lieved that the bulk of Meade's army has crossed the Rappahannock at Kelly's Ford, forcing General Lee either to retreat beyond the Rapidan or to risk a general engagement, the former being most pro bable. Advices from Charleston are to the 2d inst. At that date the situation was unchanged. The Confederate infantry had made a sortie from Fort Wagner, but were repulsed with considerable loss. Heavy Federal reinforcements were arriving. The Federal steamer Ironsides has sunk a vessel endeavouring to run nut of Charleston. It is sup posed that her crew and a cargo of cotton are lost, NEW YORK, August 6 (Evening). The TVashington Republican, a semi-official organ, says : "It there should be a slight occasion for hostili ties, and England and America were likely to be involved in war, the Federal steam marine will at once be converted into privateers, and British corn. merce will be driven from the ocean. War is not desirable with England, but war is not the highest of evils. Aspirited nation eannotsubmit to iPjustice, insolence, and outrage through a series of years, and make no effort to avenge its wrongs. The course pursued by England has alienated every American of the loyal States. These facts indicate what the future has in store for America." COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK, August 4 (Evening). Money abundant. Gold 281 per cent. premium. Exchange on London, bankers' bills, HO. Stocks firm and advancing. New York Centrals, 132; Illinois, 1191 ; Erie, 1071; 6 per Cent. United States Bonds, 106. NEW YORK, August 5 (Evening). Aloney easy. Gold, 271 per cent. prem. Ex change on London, bankers' bills, 1401. Stocks steady ; New York Centrals, 130 i ; Illinois, 1181, ; Erie, 106 i 1 ; 6 per Cent. United States Bonds, 1051. Cotton very firm—middling Upland, 66c. Flour and corn advancing. Wheat slightly firmer. Pro visions inactive. Coffee and sugar quiet. Molasses steady. Crude petroleum, 32 to 33. (REUTER'S EXPRESS.) (Per the Africa.) NEW YORK, Aug. 4. The steamship America arrived at New York, Aug. 2, and the City of Manchester, Aug. 4. The steamship Arabia arrived at Halifax, Aug. 3. The following is the " situation" from the New York Herald of Aug. 4. According to the rebel accounts a heavy bombardment from Fort Wagner was comwencLd at daybreak on Friday, and con tinned until two o'clock p.m, when it ceased. The Army of the Potomac is not making any for ward movemerkt, nor is it likely to do so for a while. Reconnoissances and skirmishes, however, continue daily. On Friday, for instance, the 4th Pennsyl vania regiment encountered a company of one hundred rebel cavalry near Little Washington, twelve miles from Sperryville, and drove them through the town. It was ascertained that a full brigade of rebel cavalry are posted between Sperry. ville and Little Washington. Oar War Correspondence from the Potomac will be found very interesting to-day. There is nothing very new to report from the Mississippi Valley or Tennesseo. By the arrival of the Arabia at Halifax yester day, with eates from Enrope to the 26th, we have information as to the progress of the American question, ILL th lionso 0 Commons, 4D the 23J, (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) QUEENSTOWN, Aug. 16. The royal mail steam ship Africa, from Boston on sth and Halifax on the 7th inst., arrived here at 9.45 p.m. yesterday. She brings 96 passengers and £7,578 in specie. The Africa landed all her mails, and eight pas sengers, and proceeded for Liverpool immediately. All well. Sha was detained at Halifax by fog. NEW YORK, Aug. 3 (Evening). General Lee's army is concentrated near Cul pepper. Gen. Buford's cavalry crossed the Rappahannock on Saturday, and proceeded towards Culpepper, near which place they encountered a large force of Confederate infantry with artillery. A fierce fight ensued, Geu. Buford being compelled to withdraw to Brandy Station. The expedition from Vicksburg has arrived at Port Hudson. General Gract is said to command The Northern journals state that the Raleigh North Carolina Standard denounces President Davis's Government, and urges North Carolina to send a delegation to Wcshington to see what terms can be obtained without waiting for Davis. The liichmond Enquirer urges President Davis to suppress the Standard, and to wipe out the North Carolina Supreme Court. It is stated that 100,000 negro troops will be organised to defend the navigation of the Missis sippi. President Lincoln has officially proclaimed that if the enemy enslave or sell any one because of his colour the offence will be punished by retaliation upon the enemy's prisoners. For every Federal soldier killed in violation of the laws of warfare a rebel soldier will be executed, and for every one enslaved or sold into slavery a rebel soldier will be placed at herd labour on public works, and kept at labour until the other be re leased, and receive the treatment due to prisoners of war. Mr. Cobden referred to the proceedings cf the Alabama, Florida, and Virginia, all built in British ports for the rebels, and to the fact that two iron clad ships were now fitting out in Liverpool for the same service, which, if allowed to leave England, would prove a easus belli with the United States Government. He declared that American shipping had becorre almost worthless in consequence of the operations of the rebel cruisers. Lord Palmerston justified the course of the Government, saying that be did not see the difference between selling arms to the Federals and selling ships to the Confeaerates. Mr. Cobden attempted to read a letter from our Secretary of the Navy, Gideon Welles, but was ruled out of order. The letter, however, was pub lished in the British papers as far back as April last. The following are the latest despatches received from Charleston. A private letter received iu this city, dated July 29, says—l went yesterday to Block Island, and made a recognoissance from the tallest tree there. Bleck Island is between James Island and Morris Island. and distant from the former about 1,000 yards. I saw from my elevated position that the rebels were erecting a line of bat teries and building rifle pits almost the entire dis tance from Fort Johnson to Secessionville along the river. I could look over into Charleston and see what was going on there quite plainly. It is the nearest view I have yet had of Charleston, but our brave boys will take a nearer one and astonish the rebels. FORTRESS MONROE, Aug. 3. The _Richmond Whig of Aug. 1 has been received here, and contains the following:— CHARLESTON, July 31. Cumming's Point was severely bombarded yes terday morning, commencing at about 10 o'clock. The Ironsides and two Monitors were engaged. The bombardment lasted until 3 p.m., when the vessels withdrew. The batteries Gregg, Simpkins, Wag ner, and Sumter responded to the enemy's fire. Two men were killed and one wounded at battery Gregg. The battery was not materially injured. There was no firing on James Island to-day, and very little from Fort Wagner. Beauregard visited the James Island works to-day. SECOND DESPATCH. CHARLESTON, July 31. A heavy bombardment commenced at daybreak on the enemy's works on Morris Island, Wagner continuing until two o'clock, when it ceased. President Lincoln has issued the following order ; " General Order—No. 252. "War Department Adjutant-General's Office, Washington, July 31, 1863. " The following order of the President is published for the information and government of all con cerned : "Executive Mansion, Washington, July 30, 1863. "It is the duty of every government to give protection to its citizens, of whatever class, colour, or condition, and especially to those who are duly organised as soldiers in the public service. The law of nations and the usages and customs of war, as carried on by civilised Powers, permit no distinc tion as to colour in the treatment of prisoners of war as public enemies. To sell or enslave any cap tured person on account of his colour, and for no offence against the laws of war, is a relapse into bar barism and a crime against the civilisation of the age. The Government of the United States will give the same protection to all its soldiers, and if the enemy shall sell or enslave any one because of his colour, the offence shalt be punished by retaliation upon the enemy's prisoners in our possessions. " It is therefore ordered that for every soldier of the United States killed in violation of the laws of war, a rebel soldier shall be executed ; and for every one enslaved by the enemy or sold into slavery, a rebel soldier shalt be placed at hard labour in the public works, and continued at such labour until the others shall be released and receive the treatment due to a prisoner of war. " ABRAHAM LINCOLN "By order of the Secretary of War. 4, E. D. TOWNSEND, Assist.-Adjutant General." Northern journals publish the following concern ing the development of a Union feeling in North Carolina : FORTRESS illomm, Aug. 2, 1863. The steamer Escort arrived this morning, with Newbern dates to August Ist. The Raleigh (N.{.l) Standard denounces Jeff Davis as a repudiator, in whom no confidence can be placed, and whose effarts to establish a Southern Confederacy will be a failure. The Richmond Enquirer calls upon Jeff Davis "to suppress the .Ralezgh Standard, and wipe out the Supreme Court of North Carolina." The Standard says :—Governor Vance will stand by the Supreme Court, and the Standard also, it necessary ; and if Jeff Davis attempts to use phy sical force to suppress the Standard, Davis will meet with physical force, and a revolution in this State will be the result. John Mitchell, editor of the _Richmond Enquirer, is an agent of Great Bri tain, which has long sought to divide the Northern and the Southern people. The Standard says North Carolina hes furnished 95,000 soldiers for the causeless war, 40,000 of whom are killed and wounded ; that North Carolina should send a delegation to Washington at once and see what terms can be obtained, and not wait for Jeff. Davis. The recent cavalry raid from Ncrfolk to Jackson, North Carolina, found the enemy intrenched strongly at Jackson, which con_mands the ap proaches to Nelson. Major Anderson, on the 26th ult., captured the enemy's pickets and took posses sion of an important bridge, thereby defeating the enemy in their intentions. WASHINGTON, Aug. 4. The draft in four out of seven wards in this city has been completed. It embcaces 2,600 whites and 818 coloured men. Amongst the drafted are three clergymen and many members of the City Council, and several telegraph operators, also reporters, printers, lawyers, and representatives from all classes of business. A party of drafted men at tempted yesterday to escape from the city, but were apprehended as deserters. Judge-Advocate Holt has given the opinion that paymaster's clerks are not found in the list of exempted classes. They sustain, it is true, a cer tain relation to the military service, as do pay masters and others who receive a ration daily as part of their allowance, but they are not so far in the service as to be liable for the field duty for which the national forces are drafted, and they should not, therefore, by reason of their positions be permitted to escape that liability should the chances of the draft impose it upon them. MEXICO. VERA CRUZ, JULY 18. The following is the official proclamation of the Council of Notables in Mexico : Ist. The nation adopts a limited Monarchy to be hereditary, with a Catholic prince at its head. 2dly. This prince shall be called Emperor. idly. The Archduke Ferdinand .Maximilian of Austria shall be requested to accept the crown, — 4thly. That in case for any:reason he should not come to occupy the throne the nation implores the Emperor Napoleon to designate or select some other Catholic prince,to whom the crown is hereby offered. PARIS, AUG. 17. The following official announcements have been published to day " The Government has sent instructions to Mexico revoking the measures relative to the sequestration of the property of those who had taken up arms to oppose us, and cancelling the prohibition of the exportation of specie. "Although the state of affairs in Mexico has greatly improved, there are still some armed bands in existence wh o fi n d s ources of support from cer • tain custom houses. In order to hasten their dis persion, the French Admiral after the 25th of August will establish a blockade extending from the Lagunes ten leagues south of Matamoras to Carnpeacby." NEW YORK, August 5 (Evening). `'era Cruz to News has been recited Litre the 16th ult. It was reported that Commonfort and Doblado had given their adhesion to the French intervention. Juarez had sent a plenipotentiary to Washingtm to demand assistance. General Berthier, with 2,500 men, was said to be marching on San Luis Potosi. JAPAN, (Per the Africa.) NEW YORK, August 4 (Evening.) The New York papers publish intelligence from Kanagawa to the 24th of June, via San Francisco, stating that the Japanese Government had paid the indemnity of 490,000 dols. demanded by England for the murder of Mr. Richardson, but had refused to surrender his murderers, under the pretence that they were unable to take them forcibly. Negotia tions concerning the surrender of the murderers were still pending. The foreign residents were ap prehensive that war was inevitable. THE LATE LORD CLYDE. The Western Daily Press, after giving a sketch of the life of the late Lord Clyde, says The reference to his lordship's position in the Crimean war is the only point on which an erroneous impression prevails. Whatever may have been the public desire that he should have been put in command, his own view of the matter was characteristically modest and simple. In a letter of his, dated November 27, 1855, written to the proprietor of this journal, he says : assure you you are quite mistaken in supposing I have any ground of complaint—l have none whatever.' Instead of seeking or coveting rank or station, we know, from his own lips, that he shrunk from them with something like morbid feeling. The peerage, he once told the writer, he would gladly have declined, if he could have done so with• out offence ti the Sovereign by whom it was conferred. It was the same with the field-marshal's baton which he so lately received—he valued it, not because of fame, still less because of emolument, but simply as an acknowledg men t of duties he had performed. No man was more scrupulously just—almost severely just—in the discharge of those duties. It could never be said of him that he employed his deservedly great influence at the Horse Guards in behalf of any protege or friend. Being without relations who needed help, and having achieved his noble position by his own unaided efforts, he could afford to be thoroughly independent in every department of the public service. In his very last employment at the War-office — the disposal of the Indian prize-money—he could not brook the delays of lawyers and precedents, but wrote at once to Lord Palmerston ; and had the satisfaction of an answer which enabled him to carry out his own views promptly and thoroughly. Although it may be supposed Lord Clyde's health suffered from his last campaign in India he seemed himself unconscious of it, even when he returned home in the autumn of 1860. He took the precaution, however, of going to Vichy for the winter, and afterwards appeared as active and animated as ever. Instead of setting up a great establishment he contented himself, until a few months ago, with bachelor's quarters at the Albany, in Piccadilly, and met his friends regularly at the United Service Club, where ho daily resorted on his way to and from the Horse Guards. Lately he occupied a mansion in Berkeley-square, and it was a favourite excursion of his lordship to run down to Chatham, to visit his old friend and companion in arms, Major-General Eyre. It was upon one of those visits that the gallant veteran succumbed to death. In June he had an illness which showed signs of atrophy, or gradual decay, but he rallied, contrary to expectation, and was well enough until about a month ago, when weakness again set in, and he sank gradually, expiring in Gen. Eyre'e house on Satur day afternoon. The writer called upon his lordship, at Chatham, on Friday morning, and found him somewhat better —in fact there were signs of recovery, for he had passed a good night, and General Eyre had gone for the day to Gravesend on Government business. It seems, how ever, to have been but a temporary rally, for the same night brought us the above telegram of his death. It must have been sudden, although the medical attendants had foretold it as inevitable. His lordship was in his 71st year, but looked scarcely so old, being very active, cheerful, and energetic. He had a noble presence, and his eye especially was quick and piercing; his manners were those of an ac complished soldier, who had seen much of life, and who could adapt himself to various circumstances. Under a somewhat austere expression of countenance there was much warmth and geniality of heart and affection. An only sister (Miss Campbell) is the sole surviving member of his family; but there are two, if not three, cousins bearing his father's name of Maciver." HEAVY JOKING.—The following wonderful spe cimen of Heavy Joking we take from the London Review of last Saturday :—The Life Pill that has effected such astonishing cures in Europe, and has restored France to youth and vitality, has just achieved, on the other side of the Atlantic, a success quite as marvellous. Everybody knows in what a ruinous condition the health of Mexico was till very lately. The last intelligence—according to the French papers—is most reassuring. After taking the pill in question, Mexico has visibly recovered, and is covering herself with glory by having boldly asked for more. Like other amateur doctors, the French Emperor seems to have Invented a recipe that suits all climates and all constitutions. It used to be said of the Whigs, that they believed that there was no ill to which flesh was heir which could not be promptly remedied by the application of British institutions and repre sentative government. But Lord Russell's panacea is nothin g to,the Emperor's "Life Pill." Whatever the disease, whether it be a disease of the Old or the New World, of the Seine or of the Gulf of Mexico, the course is the same—a military blister overnight and the "Life Pill" in the morning. The composition of the pill is simple enough, for Napoleon 111., like Nature herself and Dr. Morrison, creates all his greatest effects by simples. The first thing to do is to burn a little of the best French gunpowder under the patient's nose. This has a soothing and quieting influence, and prepares the constitution for the treatment that is to follow. Then take a handful of French agents, a few prefects, a few paid jour nals, a few directors of the press, and some of the most vigorous repressive articles in the Code Napoleon, stir boldly with universal suffrage if it can be procured, but, if not, any other suffrage will serve as well. The whole will form a composing globule of the most thorough imperial institu tions, which the invalid should swallow at once on the point of a bayonet. Mexico has swallowed hers with great satis faction ; and professes herself now willing to swallow any thing else that is compounded for her by the same imperial hand, and presented to her in the same fashien. The change is almost miraculous, and worthy or Dr. Parr. No political incurable need ever despair. The Imperial Life Pills clears and invigorates all systems, puts every constitution in a healthy and sound condition, and can be had gratuitously upon application to the respectable chemist and druggist whose headquarters are at the Tuileries. THE BOAT ACCIDENT IN THE FIRTH OF FORTH. —The three young men who left Granton in a pleasure-yacht on Monday night to proceed to Joppa have not yet been heard of; and there now remains no doubt that the surmise of their having been drowned is correct. The following facts, additional to what we have already published, are all that have yet transpired in regard to the melancholy affair. The names of the three young men who were in the boat were Alexander Robinson, aged 31, principal assistant to the Equitable Loan Company ; John Allan, aged 18, oldest apprentice to the same company ; and Thomas Fall Edge, aged 30, who supported himself by his private means. It appears that Edge and Robert son had taken lodgings at Joppa for a month, and that they had hired a small yacht and boat from Mr. Liston, Granton, which they intended to keep anchored at Joppa for the purpose of fishing for some hours every morning previous to coming up to Edinburgh to their daily employment. On Monday night Edge and Robertson in vited Allan to sail with them round to Joppa, and the party left Granton harbour about 10 o'clock. When they set out he weather was wet, but there was little wind, and, the sea being quite calm, no danger was apprehended. On Tuesday morning, between five and six o'clopk, two men who were engaged breaking stones on the shore at Fisher row, observed a boat about a mile off beating in for the harbour. Whilst they were regarding it a sudden gust of wind from the south-west caught the sails, and the yacht almost immediately filled and went down, carrying with her the three young men, whom the stonebreakerg had seen. When the yacht disappeared beneath the waves the men on shore saw nothing on the surface of the water but a small boat which had been attached to the one that had the young men on board. In the course of the morning the small boat drifted ashore, and was subsequently recog nised by Mr. Liston as the boat that left Granton harbour with the yacht ; so that there remains no doubt that the young onro men ss c h . a , v i e n all a Watery grav e . M r . G eorg e m conjunctionf with the Equitable Loan Company, offered £2O to any Newhaven fishermen who would recover the bodies; but the men refused to put to Bea unless they were guaranteed so much for their labour in the event of the search proving unsuccessful, and the Equitable Loan Company withdrew their offer. The intention of attempting to find the bodies will not however be abandoned. We understand that the parents of the young men, the manager of the Loan Company, and a few friends are organising a subscription with the view of adopting mea sures to have this design carried out.—zrotsman. NATURE'S ARTILLERY AND MUSKETRY.—Mr. Francis Galton is a man to be envied. He has found a spot on the Jungfrau range where a man, standing in safety, may watch the avalanches come down within 10 yards' distance. Tho spot directly faces the Jungfrau Hotel, and in one half -day Mr. Galton saw three descents, the avalanches sliding 2,000 feet, then leaping in two great bounds 1,000 feet more to the channel by which he was standing, and then bursting out at the foot of the channel like a storm of shrapnel!. The general appearance when seen so near is that of an orderly mob filling the street and hastening, not hurrying, to the same object, and the noise like the sound of a rapid tide rushing up many channels. Toe avalanche consists of a mass of ice -balls, usually from a foot to a yard in diameter, which produce the fearful rattle of the ice CaEC4o,...os:pcetator.