The Sun. — London, England, 1833-08-31 00:00:00

COMMISSION DE LUNATICO QUIRENDO. Yesterday a commission was held at Gray's-inn Coffee-house, to ascertain whether a young man named Cuthbert Rowth was of unsound mind, and incapable of managing his affairs. The commis limners were E Whitmarsh, C. K. Murray, and - Blunt, Esqrs. The case excited much Cu. riosity. The Rev. Isaac Fidler deposed, that Rowth had been a pupil of his about 12 months, from 182.7, and during that period never exhibited any mind at all, and was never capab l e of an y act which be trayed the faculty of reasoning. Rowth had, how ever, as good a memory as was possessed by any other boy in the school. If he worked at any par ticular sum in arithmetic he accomplished and re tained it accurately for a considerable time; but he wi,s wholly incapable of applying any rule; and if the least alteration was made in the sum taught to him, he was quite unable to proceed. He could repeat all the grammar rules better than any other boy in the school, in consequence of excessive fagging; but he never could tell how the rules were to be ap plied for the purposes of education, although the mo ment the cue was given to him by the first word, on he would go from the beginning to the end. He had no idea of the principles of religion, nor of any other principles, but was just like a parrot. If he missed a word in his lesson he stopped alto gether, and seemed as if conscious of his inability, and totally incapable of substituting another of similar meaning. Notwithstanding so glaring a de fect of mind, he improved in his education, so that be could read as well as any boy in the school. He took care of any money he might get, so that noe body could rob him, but he had no notion of the value of money. In the opinion of witness he had no reflection, no power of combination ; in fact, no mind at all. His ruling passion was selfishness, and he manifested it by hoarding up every thing he got in his box or his pockets. When he said yes or no, he did so without reference to the question; and yet witness never knew him tell a lie. Every thing was mechanical with him. If taught a thing, he would do it mechanically, not a vestige of mind was traceable in the performance, but it was as regular as clockwork. He was an isolated animal, and had no power of giving or receiving amusement, neither had he any apprehension, but he possessed the power of imitation. Mr. Commissioner BLUNT—In learning the Latin language, was he able to distinguish between the cases of substantives, arid the moods and tenses of verbs,—could, he for instance, say that niusam was the accusative of musa ? Witness—Yes ? He knew the cases of nouns, and the tenses of verbs from their terminations. The sound informed him. CommsstosEß—Did he construe passages into English ? Witness—lt is my practice to read over the les sons to each class, and I have found it necessary to fag him hard before he could accomplish a transla tion, and in parsing, I fagged him too. Juryman—Could he use a dictionary to aid him in construing ? Witness—Yes; when I have been with him I have made him use a dictionary. Mr. MURRAY (the Commissioner)—lf a verb was in the imperative mood, could he tell the indicative of the verb ? Witness—He could; but it was all nieclianical, y—Do you consider a parrot to be g what you say he does ? . do; I'd venture to say that a horse to do it if taught. - questions witness answered, that he could not tell whether Rowth knew whether a letter addressed to him was affectionate or angry ; never saw him exhilirated or depressed, but had seen him abashed. Mr. David Mod—Knew Rowth for six or seven years. Was at school with him. 'Witness's father had him to see whether he could Jo any thiug with him, but found him quite incapable. Witness's father was in the haberdashery line in Fenchurch street. Rowth %%as constantly employed in putting goods straight, and keeping them so. In one in stance he cut off some goods for a customer, and put the money in the till without giving any change. Used to go to church from habit, look in the prayer book, and behave well. Had no notion of religion. What he once learned he continued to do with great regularity. Sometimes called a shilling a six pence, and sometimes half-a-crown. Used to go to the Post-office in Lombard-street with newspapers, and knew where to drop them. Witness believed him to be a sort of idiot. John Newman, the son of a farmer at whose house Rowth is now taken care of, stated that Rowth amused himself by picking potatoes for the pigs, and fetching wood. He would read when asked, but did not seem to understand any thing. Lost himself one evening, and was out all night, but could not tell where he had been; said he had leaned against a wall ; but said he would never lose himself again. He was very dirty in his person. Mr. Martin, a surgeon, and Dr. Munro had exa mined him, and found that he was very nearly an idiot. Rowth was then brought in and questioned. He did not appear to have a spark of reason about him. Every word he uttered corresponded with his ap pearance, which was decidedly that of an idiot. The Jury then returned a verdict thut he was of unsound mind. LONDON LOCALITIES. Lord Byron wrote the Siege of Corinth in No. 13, ',Piccadilly, which overlooks the Green-park- Gibbons, the celebrated carver, was born in Spur alley, in the Strand, and resided in Belle Sauvage yard, Ludgate-hill, where he carved a pot of flowers so exquisitely that they shook in the wind. The Baptist Head public-house, in Sr. John's-lane, Clerk enwell, was one of the resorts of Dr. Johnson, Gold smith, and others, who used to call in there on their way to and from Cave's house at St. John's Gate. En Clerkenwell-close, near Newcastle-place, is the house of Colonel Titus, and the place of conference between Cromwell, Ireton, and other republicans. At the place called King's Cross was fought the battle in which Queen Boadicea so distinguished herself against the Romans, whence its former name of Battle-bridge, and here the orignal Roman North road began. In a house which looks into Fetter lane and Fleur-de-lys-court, lived Elizabethißrown r% of her in the year 1767, for cruelty and mur der her a pp rent i ce . D ry d en res ided in Fetter lane, in a house which stands at the corner of Fleur de-lys-court ; it was then a genteel neighbourhood; it has also an entrance from Holborn, between Nos. 22 and 23. No. 3, Ivy-lane f , formerly a tavern, was frequented by the literati of days of Goldsmith and Johnson ; here, accordingto the Spectator, was held the Humdrum smoke their Club, who used to sit together, gal. pipes, deo and o f say no thing till midnight. In the his friend Alderman Bridger, in Lovell's•court Paternoster row, now belongiug to Messrs. Rivin i t Richard son wrote his novels of Pamela and jrra c TiClisott. the Bell Inn, Warwick-lane, Archbishop Leighton At died. Gray the poet was born at the house now No. 41, Cornhill ; the original house was destroyed ow by fire in 1748. Defoe kept a hosier's sh o p in Cornhill, and stood in the pilory there for writing a pamphlet entitled " The shortest Way with the Dissenters." The shop of Sir Thomas Gresham was in Lombard-street, on the site of the house No. 68. The Old King's Head Tavern, in Leaden hall-street, %t as the house where Guy Fawkes and his city adherents assembled; it escaped the great fife. Stowe lived and died on the site now occu pied as No. 71, tedenliall-street; the remains of a little Norman Chapel arc still to be seen nnder it. In Fenchurch-sirea, :at Denmark House, plc; lodged, according to 1t0ti....e he first ambassa "l4. dor sent here . " from the-ttiiVitOr C a thaie, 31usco via, and Ruslttptl." in *ethiir-lane, in the reign of Elizabetii;‘ - weive tht reiiiienoes of Sir F. \Val ''ll'gh am , StleMbeftittW.le Earl of Essex, and other eminent personages. The sign of the Goose and Gridiron, on the north side of St. Paul's church yard, was intended as a satire upon the Academy of Ancient Music, when a separation followed a dis pute among the members. Dr. Franklin worked at Wall's printing-house in Portugal-street, in 1725, and lodged at an Italian warehouse, facing the Roman Catholic chapel in Duke-street. Lord William Russell and Algernon Sidney were both beheaded on the site of the present Lincoln's Inn fields. At No. 436, Strand, was Wimbledon House, a large mansion, built and inhabited by Sir Edward Cecil. The chapel in Oxendon-street, Haymarket, was first used for religious purposes by Richard Baxter. Hogarth resided in what is now the Sabloniere Hotel, Leicester-square ; and there, when lately in town, the Countess Cuiccioli also re sided, Sir I. Newton's house, in St. Martin's street, Leicester-fields, is still in perfect pre servation ; it stands between the chapel and Long's-court. Thomson wrote his " Win ter" in a house in Whitehall, opposite the Admi ralty. John Bunyan, when in town, used to preach in the chapel in Union-street, Borough, the oldest dissenting meeting-house in London. The Flying Horse public-house, in Bishopsgate-street, opposite Widegate-st., was the residence of Sir Paul Pinder ; its ancient gothic front still remains. The only places in which the ancient London Wall can be seen to any extent are in Little Bridge-street, a passage running in a parallel line behind Ludgate hill, from Great Bridge -street, through St. Martin's court, into the Broadway; next on the south side of the churchyard of St. Botolph, Aldersgate, where this wall forms a barrier to the yards of the houses on the north side of Bull and Mouth-street ; and the third is on the south side of Cripplegate church yard, where are the remains of the only one of the round towers which used to crown the wall, at given distances. FROM LAST NIGHT'S GAZETTE. ST. JAMES'S PALACE, Acv. 16. The King has been pleased to appoint the Right Hon. Tho mas Henry Lord Foley to be Captain of his Majesty's Band of Pensioners. ST. JAMES'S PALACE, AUG. 47. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland has been pleased to appoint the Reverend John Hot sley Dakins to be one of his Royal Highness's Domestic Chaplains. WAR-OFFICE, Auc. 30. 3d Regiment of Light Dragoons—Captain E Cormick, from Paymaster 4th Light Dragoons, to be Paymaster, vice Johnson, Aug. 30. 4th Light Dragoons—Captain H. Heyman, from half-pay Unattached, to be Paymaster, vice Cormick, appointed to the 3d Light Dragoons, Aug. 30. 10th Light Dragoons—Lieutenant B. 0. Ward to be Captain, by purchase, vice Petre, who retires; Cornet Sir J. G. Baird, Bart. to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Ward ; W. G. Cavendish, Gentleman, to be Cornet, by purchase, vice Baird, Aug. 30. 11th Light Dragoons—Ensign H. W. Bunbury, from the 43d Foot, to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice George, pro moted, Aug. 30. Ist Regiment of Foot—Staff Assistant-Surgeon K. M‘Gas kill, to be Assistant. Surgeon, vice Torrie, deceased, Aug. 30. 26th Foot —Staff Assistant-Surgeon C. Pine, to be Assist ant-Surgeon, vice Minto, appointed to the Staff, Aug. 30. 43(1 Foot—Hon. C. R. West to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Bunbury, promoted in the 11th Light Dragoons, Aug. 30. 49th Foot—Capt. S. D. Pritchard, from the s•_'d Foot, to be Major, by purchase, vice Townshend, who retires, Aug. 30. 52c1 Foot—Lieut. Hon. C. F. Norton to be Captain, by pur chase, vice Pritchard, promoted in the 49th Foot ; Ensign E. H. F. Pocklington to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Norton ; J. G. Jarvis, Gent. to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Pockling. ton, Aug. 30. 70th Foot—Staff-Assistant Surgeon J. Stuart to be Assistant- Surgeon, Aug. 30. 71st Foot—Lieut.-Col. lion. C. Grey, from half-pay Unat tached, to be Lieutenant-Colonel, vice J. T. Pidgeon, who ex. changes, receiving the difference, Aug. 30. 78th Foot—Ensign A. W. Browne to be Lieutenant, by purchase, vice Macleod, who retires ; D. B. St. Vincent Ha. milton, Gent., to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Browne, Aug 30. UNATTACHED. Lieut. F. D. George, from the 11th Light Dragoons, to be Captain, by purchase, Aug. 30. HOSPITAL STAFF. Assistant-Surgeon, J. C. Minto, from the 26th Foot, to be Staff-Assistant-Surgeon, vice Stuart, appointed to the 70th rout, Aug. 00th. MEMORANDA. Captain A. H. Maclean, half.pay unattached, has been al lowed to retire from the service, by sale of an unattached commission, he being about to proceed to the colonies as a set. tier, Aug. 30. The following appointments, as stated in the Gazette of the 26th ultimo, have not taken place—Lieut. Joyes, half-pay 9501 Foot, will, therefore, remain upon the half-pay establishment. UNATTACHED. Ensign Bunbury, from the 43d Foot, to be Lieutenant, by purchase, July 26. 43d Foot—Hon. C. R. West to be Ensign, by purchase, vice Bunbury, promoted July 26. DECLARATION OF INSOLVENCY. THOMAS FLETCHER, WILLIAM STANLEY ROS COE, RICHARD ROBERTS, JOHN TARLETON, and FRANCIS FLETCHER, bankers, Liverpool. BANKRUPTS. WILLIAM BALLANTYNE, bookseller, Battle, Sussex, to surrender Sept. 6, at two, and Oct. 11, at eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Gibson, Basinghall-street, official as signee ; Watson and Sons, Bouverie.street, Fleet-street. JOHN MANNERINGS, builder, Chatham, Sept. 6, at half past eleven, and Oct. 11, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Torquand, official assignee, Copthall-buildings ; Hills, Cha tham ; Nelson, Essex-street, Strand. JOHN WAKEFIELD, silk hat-manufacturer, Manchester, Sept. 14, and Oct. 11, at three, at the Commissioners'-rooms, Manchester. Duckworth, Denison, and Humphrys, Man chester; Taylor, Roscoe, and Turner, Bedford-row, London. RIC [IA RD CLARK, linen-draper, Newark-upon-Trent, Sept. 7, and Oct. 11, at eleven, at the Clinton Arms Inn, Newark-upon-Trent. Lee, "Newark-upon-Trent ; Milne, Parry, Milne, and Morris, Mitre-court, Temple, London. JOSEPH ELLIOTT, grocer, Devonport, Sept. '24, and Oct. 11, at eleven, at the Royal Hotel, Devonport. - Brooking and Surr, Lombard-street, London; Wingate, Stonehouse ; Els. worthy, Devonport. JOHN LUCAS, timber-merchant, City-road, Sept. 6, at twelve, and Oct. 11, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Sheffield and Sons, Great Prescott-street, Goodman's-fields ; Whitmore, Austin-friars, official assignee. WILLIAM BLOFIELD, carpenter, Hosier-lane, Smith field, Sept. 5, at half.past one, and Oct. 11, at twelve, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Abbott, King's Arms yard, Coleman street,official assignee ; Webber,Caroline-street,Bedlord-square. GEORGE PEACOCK, draper, Catterick, Yorkshire, Sept. 10, and Oct. 11, at eleven, at the house of Mr, John HeslOp, Cat terick ; Tilson, Squance, and Tilson, Coleman-street, London ; Allison, Richmond, Yorkshire. ROBERT KAY SNAPE, victualler, Manchester, Sept. ?0, and Oct. 11, at ten, at the Commissioners' Rooms, Man chester. Johnson and Weatherall, Temple, London ; Booth and Harrison, Marsden-street, Manchester. RICHARD PHENEY, lav:.bookseller, Fleet.street, Sept. 6, at one, and Oct. 11, at two, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Bowden and Walters, Aldermanbury i Carman, Official Assignee, Lothbury. DIVIDENDS. J. H. Skelton, warehouseman, Chandos-street, Sept. 21, a t ten, at the Court of Bankruptcy—R. Richards, mercer, Ma rylebone-street, Sept. 21, at eleven, at the Court of Bank ruptcy—A. Norton, cabinetmaker, Bulstrode.street, Sept. 20, at half.past eleven, at the Court of Bankruptcy—A. Haviside, linen-manufacturer, Bucklersbury, Sept. 20, at half-past ten, at the Court of Bankruptcy—A. Field, innkeeper, Canterbury, Sept. 23, at Eleven, at the Guildhall, Canterbury—P. Bond, wine-merchant, Worcester, SL..pt 23, at eleven, at the Unicorn Inn, Worcester.—R. Smith, surgeon, Pontefract, Oct. 14, at ten, at the Red Lion Inn, Pontefract — P. Masey, hoover, Bristol, Sept. 25, at two, at the Commercial Rooms, Bristol— T. Bowering, baker, Devizes, Oct. 28, at one, at the Castle Inn, Devizes-8. H. A. Marsh, music-seller, Bristol, Sept. 28, at one, at the Offices of Messrs. Bevan and IBrittan, Bristol. _ CERTIFICATES, SEPT. O. T. S. Elude, wine-broker, Mincing.lane—C. Willsher, bis cuit-baker, Strand—M. Tongue, retail-brewer, Birmingham — W. Hunt, woollen-manufacturer, Rochdale, Lancashire —VV . . D. Davis, innkeeper, Leamington Priors, Warwickshire — J. Itees, bookseller, Bristol—J. Whiteside, merchant, White haven—W. Moors, cotton-manufacturer, Ludworth, Derby shire—J. Paul, furniture broker, Exeter-street, Sloane-street —C. King, jun., carpenter, Halesworth, Suffolk—T. Hough. ton, scrivener, Ormskirk, Lancaster—S. Sanders, coachmaker, Mtness, Devon—N. Ilenwood, victualler, Penz ance—C. Butler, druggist, Cheapside. PARTNERHIPS DISSOLVED. NY° " w ard and G. Hiscock, cheesemongers, Portman market—T. SPGrath and I'. Maclear, surgeons, Biggleswade, Bedfordshire —J. and J. Stevens, corn-dealers, Toxteth Park, Lancashire—p, Crick and J. Godwin, fruit-salesmen, Covent- Garden Market. D. A. Lees and E. Merrett, newspaper venders, TheobaliPs-road—R. Y. Booker and J. F. Bishop, lace-agents, Nottingham—N. Robinson and W. Lowe, mer chants, Liverpool—J. and E. dames, linen drapers, Swansea — R. Winch and E. S. Boy s , merchants, Rochester—J• NaYhew and Co., attorneys, so far as regards T. Mayhew, Carey-street, Lincoln's Inn—J. and J. Gregory, farmers, Bakewell, Derby shire—J. Schofield and Co., machine-makers, so far as regards Joshua Schofield, Oldham, Lancashire—xr Burkinshaw and Co., woollen-drapers, so far as regards M. Burkinshaw, Be.. m verley, Yorkshire—J. Ritchie and CO., BO bay, SO far 4s xp. garde J, Ritchie. MADRID, Auc. 19. The uneasiness felt by this Government, and the anti-liberal precautions to which it gives rise, increase every day. Not content with perverting and disfiguring all political news in its official paper, the Government has just given orders that two news-rooms, which had been opened and tolerated for the last 12 months, and where a few French and English papers were to be seen, should be forthwith closed. This is one of the first measures of " high police" with which the new Police Intendant, M. Arjona, has been intrusted. The true reason for this measure was, that the papers coming from your part of the world spoke with too much truth of what is going on in Portu gal, and gave too openly the lie to the Madrid Gazette. Those papers, too, spoke of the King's illness, a subject on which it is determined here that the strictest silence shall be observed. The state of his Majesty's health, however, is far from being better. His chief physician, M. Castello, had again insisted that bulletins should be published relative to the King's health ; but M. 'Lea has per sisted in not allowing this to be done. M. Zea's motives may be easily appreciated. As for the Queen, she does not venture to insist on the publi cation of the bulletins. She is afraid that by that means Don Carlos and his most active adherents may be enabled to regulate their movements with too much precision. Don Carlos is still in Portugal, and although the Spanish frigate Lealtad is gone to Vigo to wait for him there, and take him to Italy, it is believed that his friends here have advised him by no means to think of moving so far out of reach for the present, and lie will remain where he is un less he comes nearer to the frontier. The King is quite unable to move from his bed, unless it is to sit a few hours in his easy-chair; but although he has lost the use of his limbs, his mental faculties remain unimpaired, and he sticks with im movable obstinacy to all his notions and prejudices. He is no longer disposed to listen to anything that the Queen has to say, arid appears so tenaciously to adhere to his system, that one would be almost tempted to think that he is in league with his bro ther and M. de Zea against his own daughter. The recall of all the Caprains-General of provinces sup posed to be attached to the interests of the Queen's party was a good deal spoken of within the last few days, and if that measure is finally executed, it will certainly prove the most fatal blow that could be given to the already tottering throne of the young Princess of Asturias. An English messenger, who left Lcindon on the 9th, arrived yesterday, bringing to Mr. Addington the notification of his being recalled, and about to be succeeded by Mr. Villiers. This piece of intel ligence has produced much impression here. It has once more raised the hopes of the Queen's party, and thrown the whole corps diplomatique into a state of excitement. There was, in fact, suffi cient cause for this. Under present circumstances, the appointment of the new British Minister is an occurrence of great importance, for it shows that the British Government is determined not to allow Spain to repeat the manoeuvres executed in 1827 against Portugal; and it holds out a pro mise of future support to the partisans of the Queen, who certainly did not look for any encouragement from the political sentiments known to be enter tained by Mr. Addington and the luke-warmness of his partiality for a liberal course. This change will, probably, also induce the French Ambassador to adopt a more energetic and decided tone than that which he has held till now; and this is the more to be wished at this moment, for the diplom. -;sts of the north are exerting themselves every day M. de Zea in his present excellent disposition to wards the maintenance and perpetuation of absolut ism throughout the Peninsula. The same English messenger was bearer also of an intimation to the Spanish Government that Lord William Russell has been accredited British Ambassador to the Court of Donna Maria. Although M. de Rayneval's recall has been spoken of as probable for several weeks, there is no reason to think that it will soon take place. A messenger came to him yesterday, from Paris, wl. - ' " place he left on the 12th ; but nothing has yetsa.. spired of the despatches he has brought. Y. VIENNA, AUG. 18.—I can have little news of momentary interest to send you from the modern Sybaris, where political information, or the liberty of making use of it, is confined to so few, and where even a semi-liberal French or English journal is a Godsend to be enjoyed in gratitude and silence. Those who dare speak of the political position of the moment, represent Austria as in a less satisfac tory position than had befallen her since the peace, standing alone, in mistrust alike of foe, friend, and neighbour, clinging to England as her only natural and indeed possible ally, yet not daring to confide in the Government or in the spirit that now, and that henceforth must govern British councils. Austrian jealousy of Prussia is evident from many circum stances, not only in the university squabble, but in the still pending war of negotiation respect ing the latter country's commercial system. The Goverment here is exerting its utmost to sti mulate the manufactures of the land, so as to show a capability of furnishing the countries Jf Suabia with the articles they need. The papers announce meetings for this purpose in 3ohemia, in Austria proper, and wherever any commercial activity exists; and at the head of these meetings are the names of princes and illustrissimi. But,alas I this is not the way to create commerce and manu factures. Patronage cannot do it. Unless the great impulse of freedom be first communicated to the mind of the middle classes of the south, never can they hope to compete in activity and industry with the same class in the north. It is hopeless. The cloths of Vienna and Prague will never acquire the preference over those of Dresden and Aix in the markets of south Germany. It is in vain, then, for Austria to struggle or seek to ward off Prussian monopoly by proposing a monopoly of her own. Could she but utter the words " liberty or com merce," they would suffice; but they, we know, stick in her throat. I was mach disappointed in my progress through Upper and Lower Austria, where the farmers are said to be such a happy, well-governed race. I really saw no such supereminent prosperity, no such superiority over the Bavarian peasant. On the contrary, the Bavarian's condition is superior. The latter has a good beverage, is well fed, and drives, as far as I saw, a better team a-field, and a better vehicle to market, than his neighbour. The Austrian, within the last 30 years, has been drivers by taxation from wine-drinking to beer-drinking, a manifest deterioration in a w►ne country. Then the Bavarian, if he drinks beer, has good honest beer, whilst the poor Austrian, where the compound is doubly taxed, pays far dearer for trash. What is the consequence ? Why, the Austrian takes to spirits, the Bavarian never. I have now tra versed Bavaria in every direction, and I never saw a glass of spirits before the peasant; why ?—because his beer is good ; and of the six kreutzers which he pays for a quart, the Government takes but two. The Austrian pays eight or nine for the poorest small beer, and the Government takes one-half or more—and the consequence ? Cross the frontier from Bavaria to Austria and spirits instantly re appear as the poor man's beverage. The same story precisely ►s to be told of tobacco, another luxury of the poor, good and cheap in Bavaria, dear and detestable in Austria. Nor are these things to be despised ; for if a people's religion be the first important consideration, their beverage is perhaps the next. If we speak of education, or religion, then indeed is Bavaria, so inferior to Suabia, manifestly superior to Austria. The one is intellectually Catholic, the other brutally so. There is ten times more freedom and less bigotry in Rome. Dissenting sects are tole. rated, but how? It is well known, that if a Catholic seeks to turn to Protestantism, and applies to the Protestant Church to receive him, the pastor of the latter is obliged to recommend the Catholic to remain in his faith, nor bring trouble on a coin- munity allowed to exist from father to son, but not to extend or gain proselytes. There is one good and great point, however, in the Catholic church of Austria, which is, that it is totally disjunct from the aristocracy, and from its spirit. The curse of other established churches, that which ruined Catholicism in France, was weeded out of Austria by Joseph 11. lie gave back and secured the high offices and prelacies of the church to the people. Priests from the lower ranks of life rise to these places of eminence; and thus the high priesthood in Austria is precisely what the high priesthood was in earlier centuries—a kind of tiers etat, drawn from popular sources attached to the Crown, but imbued with sentiments not very liberal or enlightened, perhaps, but at least popular senti ments. This appears to me a great cause of tolera tion and prosperity to a church, which can exist still less than a Government upon a base narrower than the feelings of the people. I hope Parliament may act like Joseph 11. by the English church; such a reform can alone reinfuse into it fresh spirit and life. 0. NAPOLEON'S LETTERS. From the correspondence of Napoleon with the Empress Josephine, just published in Paris by the respectable house of Didot, and publicly recognised as authentic by her daughter, ex-Queen Hortense, we extract the following interesting letters. It may be necessary to premise that, previous to the divorce and re-marriage of the Emperor, a tone of the most familiar tenderness was established in his correspon dence with Josephine. Napoleon's letters are such as would have been written by any bourgeois of Paris to his wife. The following is addressed by Josephine to the Emperor, six weeks after his mar riage with Maria Louisa, in March, 1810, assuming for the first time the language of respect : " N a varre, April 19, _lBlO. " Sire,—My son has transmitted to me your Majesty's sanction to my return to Malmaison, and to a grant of the sum indispensable for the reparation of the Chateau of lltvarre. This double concession, Sire, in some degree, reassures me from the misgivings caused by your Majesty's silence. I was apprehensive of being entirely forgotten. I am undeceived ; and therefore less unhappy—or rather as happy as my position will admit. Towards the end of the month, I shall go to Malmaison, since your Majesty sees no objection ; but I should not so soon profit by your gracious permission, did not the state of this house demand repairs essential to my health and that of my household. I shall remain but a short time at Malmai son ; and afterwards visit some bathing place. But during my sojourn at Malmaison, your Majesty may be assured that I shall live as secluded as if at a thousand leagues from Paris. I have made a great sacrifice, Sire, and I become every day more conscious of its extent. But it is a sacrifice that duty requires should be complete. Your Majesty's happiness shall remain undisturbed by any expression of my afflictions. " My prayers for your 'Majesty's happiness are unceas ing; perhaps I sometimes add a hope for some future meeting; but be assured, Sire, that I will respect to the utmost the sacredness of your present position. Satisfied with the sentiments of which I was formerly the object, I will seek no further proof of your regard. " The only favour, therefore, for which I shall itnpor tune your Majesty, is some occasional mark of remem brance, calculated to satisfy myself, and those around me, that your esteem and regard are not wholly withdrawn. I shall thus become less miserable, without endangering that which is the first object of my life—your Majesty's comfort and happiness. " JOSEPHINE." REPLY. In the following letter the tutoiement (or use of the second person, so essential in the original to the affectionate intimacy implied in the style, can only be expressed in English by colloquial familiarity : " I have received, dearest, your letter of the 19th. It is written in a bad style. I am not changed—people of my sort never alter. I know not what Eugene may have told you. I did not write to you, because I received no letter, and was anxious to do everything you seemed to wish. " I am glad you are going to Malmaison, and that you are pleased. I shall always be glad when you write to me, and always answer your letters. I will say no more till you have compared the tone of this letter with your own. Read both—and judge from them which is the better friend of the two ! " Good bye, dearest. Be well, be happy, and, above all things, just towards us both. "NAPOLEON." REPLY. " A thousand, thousand thanks for your recollection ! My son has just brought me your letter. With what eagerness I read it ! and yet I was very slow; for not a word in it but brought tears into my eyes. But they were tears of joy !—My whole heart is mine again—such as it has ever been, such as it will ever he. There are sentiments which form one's existence, and end only with our lives.—l am grieved that my letter offended you. I cannot call to mind its exact tenor; but 1 know that the vexation arising from your silence produced a painful feeling in my mind. I wrote to you en quitting Malmai son ; and a thousand times since have longed to write again. But I felt conscious of the motive of your silence, and feared to be importunate. Your letter was blame to my soul !—Be happy l —happy as you deserve! My whole heart expresses itself in these few words. You have just awarded me a share in your happiness; nothing—nothing can be so gratifying as a proof of your remembrance. Farewell, dearest (mon alai). I thank you, again and again, with unalterable affections. " JOSEPHINE." GIBBON somewhere says that immorality of conduct kept pace with the multiplicity of moral philoso. phero. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.—The fatal Ist of September is fast approaching ; the birds are numerous and thriving, and capital sport may be expected. Hares, however, are net so plentiful ; and it is doubtful whether that animal will not, ere long, become, like the phoenix, extinct. We have been led to make these remarks, from having already seen, this season, a hare running about with the poacher's spring round its neck. We may safely affirm, that thousands of hares will be killed a day before the first of the next month, and ready for the London Market. So much for the boasted efficacy of our Game Laws. But our business is now with the young Sports• man, who perhaps snakes his first essay this season ; let him, therefore, procure at once a copy of the " Field Book," a volume replete with every information that can arouse or instruct the Sportsman. This work has al ready bad an extensive sale. EXPLOSION OF GAS.—On Saturday after noon, between 5 and 6 o'clock, an explosion of gis oc curred in a furnishing shop in West Nile-street, which was attended with nearly fatal, and, as it was, with very serious results. During the day there was a disagreeable smell, and a smith was sent for, who examined and re p,ir,(l what portion of the pipes he considered required it : but the nauseous odour did not cease, and again was the mechanic set to work, when it occurred to him that the .scape might be from the main pipe under the floor. Ac cordingly, one of the deals was edeed up, and a lighted paper unthinkingly held to the opening, when a flame, that requited pailfulls of water to extinguish, and which threatened to set the premises on fire, furiously burst forth. At this juncture nothing more serious took place; but in a few minutes after, just so soon, it appeared, as the air had got time to generate and mix with the gas, a light was a second time applied to the same spot, when the consequence was an explosion, which was heard at the distance of 200 yards, which completely demolished the window, frame work and all, and blew its contents, dolls, drums, squibs, skyrockets, and crackers, " high in air," which, with the; force of a cannon, tore the flooring from its fastenings, and sent the smith and the unlucky mistress of the shop with such a fearful force against the ceiling, as fairly to indent and considerably damage it, to the serious injury of their own limbs; the former, either in his ascent or decent, getting one of his arms broken, and the latter, we have been told, one of her legs, which upset the counter heavily upon a little girl, overturned a fourth person, and as if to show its irresistible strength, stuck firm and fast in the ceiling the crow-bar with which the opening in the floor had been made, So sudden was the shock, that, although it alarmed the neighbouring inhabitants, they could not perceive what was wrong, till on entering the ill-fated shop, they found it . tne state we have attempted to describe, with the inmates lying ingloriously, one above the other, covered with dust, and so horror-stricken as to be unable to assist themselves out of their miserable plight. A little girl who was in the street at the time, had a very narrow escape. The damage done to the premises is considera ble. Such accidents, although happily of rare occurrence, ought to teach the public the propriety of observing the utmost caution under similar circumstances, and employ ing such men only as, from their experience in the line, are enabled to go about their operations without danger to themselves, or the property and persons of other indi viduals..., Glasgow Courier. DREADFUL FIRE-FIVE PER SONS BURNED TO DEATH. On Wednesday night last, about half-past eleven o'clock, a most alarming and destructive fire broke out in the house of Mr. Josephs, hatter and general salesman, living at No. 19, Monmouth -street, Seven Dials, which burned with such fierceness and rapi dity that the safety of the surrounding neighbour hood was for a long time in imminent danger, and we regret to state the melancholy fact that the lives of five persons fell a sacrifice to the devouring ele• ment, and that three others are missing, who, it is much feared, have shared a similar fate. The following account we have gleaned from the neighbours and others who witnessed this lament able occurrence :—At about half-past eleven o'clock on Wednesday night Mr. Spencer, bricklayer and plasterer, residing at No. 73, Monmouth -street, was just retiring to bed, and was in the act of fastening his window, when his notice was suddenly attracted by a dense smoke issuing from the front of Mr. Jo seph's shop. He directly crossed over, and on examining the premises found the shutters so heated that he could not bear to hold his hand to them. Feeling convinced that the house was on fire, he gave an alarm, and a number of persons having quickly assembled, they succeeded in forcing down one of the shutters, but the moment the rush of fresh air was admitted, the whole of the internal part of the shop burst into one body of fire, and blazed forth with such violence that the flames reached half across the street. Every effort was made to arouse the inmates ; but the progress of the devouring element was so rapid that in lees than five minutes from the commencement it had reached the first floor, and was quickly extending itself to the upper stories. In a few seconds after this a female in her night clothes with an infant in her arms, made her appearance at one of the second-floor windows. She threw up the sash, tittering the most piercing shrieks for as sistance, at the same time holding her child out at arm's-length to save it from the heat, and calling to the persons in the street to rescue her. On per ceiving the wretched parent thus ,imploring pro tection for her offspring the crowd below stood hor ror struck, and no endeavour was made at the mo ment to procure a ladder or rather convenience to assist her escape from so perilous and appalling a situation. The dense cloud of smoke which shortly afterwards arose from the lower part of the premises obliged her to retire from the window, and in less than a minute afterwards the whole apartment was filled with flame, and the unfortunate women was seen by the neighbours opposite struggling with her babe in her arms, until she sank on the floor, ap parently in the greatest agony, which a most hor rible death in a few moments terminated. The most painful anxiety was then felt as to the fate of the other inmates, as the whole of the house was let out to lodgers, two or three families occupying every floor, and there being no means of escape but from the top of the house. The Phoenix engine speedily arrived, and was quickly followed by seve ral others belonging to the London Fire Company; but, owing to some mismanagement, either respect ing the water or some other cause, the roof of the house was in flames before they could bring any one of the engines to play upon it. The efforts of the fire men were t hen directed to prevent the adjoining houses catching fire, which they, with very great exertion, succeeded in doing, and in about an hour the fire was sufficiently got under to prevent any further mischief occurring. A large body of police con gregated on the spot on the first alarm, and ren dered very effectual aid by co-operating with the firemen, and keeping off the crowd. A scene of a truly heartrending description was witnessed amongst the lodgers, some of whom having missed a child, or orther relative, were to be seen running about the streets half frantic, making anxious inquiries of every one they met, while others were only re strained by force from again entering the burning premises in search of those who were absent, al , though their death by so doing was inevitable. At present the exact number of those who have perished has not been ascertained ; but yesterday morning, about nine o'clock, five bodies were dug out of the ruins, so dreadfully disfigured, that scarcely any vestige of a human being remained distinguishable about them. They were conveyed to St. Giles's workhouse, and have since been identified as those of a family occupying the front room on the second floor, consisting of a man I named Collins and his wife, who sold fruit in the street (the same female who was seen at the window and who had only lain in 13 days), her infant, and her husband's brother, a very fine young man ; the fifth is that of a female who occupied the back room on the second floor. Three other persons are now missing, and there is no doubt but they have met with a similar fate. Various rumours are afloat re specting the manner in which the fire originated, but it is generally supposed to have been caused by he gas having been negligently attended to. THE ARMY. Levant. nature. It is said that Major-General Sir C. Dalbiac is to re ceive the vacant Colonelcy of the 16th Dragoons. The 79th depot were inspected last Thursday in Perth, by Major-General Stuart, preparatory to its removal to Dundee, when he expressed himself much pleased with the appearance and discipline of the corps. At a General Court Martial held at Bangalore on 13th Feb. last, Ensign Robinson, 24th Native Infantry, was brought to trial for writing an anonymous letter to the Commander-in. Chief, accusing a brother officer of absent. ing himself without leave, and for afterwards denying that the letter was in his handwriting. He has been cashiered. Colenel Vigoureux, 45th Foot, has been appointed to the command of the Hydrabad subsidiary army. One regiment of the Company's troops, with strong detachments from the 2d and 20th Foot, have been ordered by the Governor-General of India to be ready to proceed from Bombay to the Mauritius. The Irish Yeomanry establishment figures off on paper as amounting to 1,137 officers, 30 285 sergeants and privates, dividing amongst them yearly 12,8341. A company of the line would beat them all. The yearly cost of Kilmainham Hospital, for 257 men, is, far diet, clothing, washing, servants, and incidental charges, 12,085/. A detachment of the Royal Artillery, under the corn• wand of Major Darnley, arrived here on Thursday, from Leeds, on their route to Dublin, for which place they sailed on Saturday. The party at present in Dublin are to proceed forthwith to Woolwich.—Liverpool Courier. About 300 of the Coldstream Guards arrived in Marl borough on Saturday, and the same number on Monday, on their route from Ireland, having been relieved by those which passed through a f ertnight since. The first division of the 40th Regiment arrived at Gravesend from the East Indies on Friday last. They disembarked on Saturday, and received orders to march for Canterbury, where they will be stationed for the present, and where a portion of them have arrived. The finding and sentence of the General Court Martial which assembled in Dublin the 29th ult. for the trial of Major Crabbe, of the 74th Regiment, have received the King's approval and confirmation. Major Crabbe has been acquitted of the charges preferred against him, with the exception of the third, of which he has been found guilty, and sentenced by the Court to be adm onish e d . A General Court Martial is ordered to assemble at the Royal Barracks, Dublin, for the trial of Lieutenant Ewing, of the 64th Regiment. Colonel Webber Smith, C. 8., of the Royal Artillery, is to be President of the Court, and David Walker, E.g., Deputy Judge Advocate Genera), will officiate at the trial. Brevet Major Scott's company of the Royal Artillery, now at Island Bridge, will short l y embark f or Gi braltar , abroad, 4 half pay 2,7241., and will he relieved by Brevet - M a j or Kettlewell's co mpany. HALF-PAY OFFlCEBS.—Forty.five military Eleven i G n e m nt i l l e i t t n a e ry n are employed as barrackm asters at home, and thirteen abroad, whose half-pay am ounts to 5,3811., a nd salaries a to e fa. l r O t 4 : e 24 ,11.2a9t I.: Forty-one ye-,onaendas police constabl es i n I re l and, hap y sa laries 3,l29l., and nines 5L ,9 salaries 5,2591. Twenty-eight under the revenue at home, and five abroad, half-pay 2,783/., salaries 5,418/. Forty five held colonial, and twenty-one miscellaneous appoint. ments, half-pay 7, 688 /te salaries 11,219/. The total number holding civil en ployments at home and abroad, in our own service and under foreign Governments, is two hundred an ninety-one, whose halt-pay, retired allowances, and civil salaries amount to 74,0751. per annum. PARIS PAPERS. REPORT TO THE KING—(OI SIRE—The department of Foreign Al be necessity of subjecting to a general regulations which, added, during the century, to the fundamental ordinance conjunction with it, the legislations of blishments. Among the reasons which call for are urgent. The rules presented to the Consuls bl for the administration of justice, are no the purposes of our legislation ; it is hi remedy this, more especially in our establ, The administrative functions, and which controul commerce and navig, part of the consular attributes, require new regulations. The same may be said of their notarial have given occasion, in these latter ti disputes, which might lead to others The pecuniary accountability of tb, ought likewise to be assimilated required by our financial legislati, organization of the Consulates is been at first founded for the Levant, and complex system (Hierarchie), such for the safety of our consular establishm# was subsequently introduced, without the several countries of Europe, when to have consuls ; but being ill adapted establishments in Christian countries, places, fallen into desuetude, and nothi established in the room of what time h I have thought, Sire, that I ought nu - f providing for these various wants of this branch 0 u l i t i public service. It seemed to me that the best WO' W o ° lb be to confide to a committee of men, well acquainted :re s the subject, over whose labours I should preside , th e . . c to l of revising and arranging in separate ordinances the se" .. e parts of the Consular institution. It is now dilicite engaged in this business, and the ordinance which I it the honour to submit to your Majesty's approbati°°' the first result of its labours. • s it Most of the regulations which it contai ns necessarily derived from preceding ordinances. bit Your Majesty will see that which the Cornatiag ° " t i 0, introduced tends to simplify the Consular orea ni t s o at al and at the same time to give it sufficient s mear' Le unity to render it applicable to the Consulates in t he Les tit vent, as well as those in Europe. On. sole ts directing Consuls, who shall all be suborchuatego him in the same degree, and below thei r a erie student-consuls (eleves-consuls), who are to be 13 ,, t 1y the consuls-general, instead of the vice-consuls form of ef attached to them ; such, in brief, is the er teal e le , this new hierarchy, which, by the suppression of °too grade, will add to the advantage of accelerating the te . l in a „t Of between the chief and those subordinate to him , or affording the students more speedy and direct weep initiating themselves in the knowledge of businese• ca r The obligation of being a licentiate in law to be li d 0' ilidate for the place of student-consul, has apPea re , t lll' cessary to the Commission, in order to complete t he v %er rantees which must be required in men who are to e epd cise the functions of administrators, public officer s ' judges. r ed tP The other principal regulations are all calcu la ore thangive to ev t e h r e Cneoenesauslaartves at a a power time of action Frenchwhichactionco 1:0 1 , 1 0100 ,5 endeavouring every where to op en n e w channel', flora intend them ecacious protection. J eer/I Isuccessively to lay before your Ma estY ' e 01 (sou rs projects of ordinances which re su lt f rom the 1 01 the Commission. I am, &c. (Signed) BROG - , Here follows the proposed ordinance of wh',.. c fo? articles are comprehended in seven sections 1 7 CA, low:—l. C rnsula of every rank. 2. S , ad er3 . - 0 . suls. 3. Chancellors. 4. Secretary interPr e n t `or the Oriental languages and Dragomans. 5 „ .. 1 provisions. 6. Consular agents and VicesC o ° s— f 9 o . llow; Costume. By another Ordinance, dated 2lst, th e - ing places are designated consular stations of the ic e class :—Antwerp, Bahia, Barcelona, Bucharest , 9, ar ro a ok ('athagena, in Colombia, Christiania, Corfu, ter Dantzic, Dublin, Edinburgh, Elsinore, Livere °l 6r lee t horn, Malaga, Malta, Monte Video, Nice, NO 03 P. Odessa, Palermo, Palma, Philadelphia, Rotte rdt, Jean d'Acre, or Beyront, Tampico, Trieste, Ireliic ,Or Warsaw. The following are to be consular sta tios; Ili second class t—Aleppo, Carthagena, C sn oo4 Cape, Charlestown, Civita Vecchia, Pernatribue °, mo or"' quit, Larnaca, Mentz, Ostend, Port Maurice, 11 , iC „ - oile„ Riga. Salonica, Santander, St. Jago de Cuba, nistr."; or Tapico, Trebisond, Valentia, Arta, Gibraltar' Or' .„ Savannah, Stettin, 'TAR, Tripoli, in Syria, :::1 1 4%, and Jassy. A 3d and 4th Ordinance, the fo r ;00 0 twenty-two, and the latter in eight articles. 10 01 numerous regulations respecting the receipts and "'" ti ments of the consulates. PARIS, AuG. 29.—The Gazette de France g' l lo , following extract of a letter front Naples, dated ,:of, instant :—" Madame is not received here as the '.;i41170 de Sagana, the rank and title she bore oa her last / l c f io , , as the Duchess of Berry. The King, who f ie : o idlo any but Crowned heads, went in person to her QO4O immediately on her arrival, and desired that teeini" should also pay her this mark of respect. Al l t r b Tb a and Princesses afterwards visited her in sunce as ' ° " r, ;be Aft '' morning her Royal Highness returned the vts tts et airr y j h received. The King met her at the foot of tbo and attended her to her carriage on leaving erP i t treating her as the widow of a Prince of the e l ll re' 4l l o of the house of Bourbon. This evening she,f;sit t/ ' the Ministers and the Ambassadors, who l her in a body." eti° li r, The Temps has the following The ev e ( a the Morea by the French troops is the result 1) ,• treaty between England, F ra n ce , and Ru s , e rbicii rte ‘l Duke de Broglie agre e d to this c o ncession. " e d 0 . 1 been refused by hi s p re dece ss o rs , who consid er A rd is as a military point in c a se of war with Russia, ' - vo r r r e would be an excellent position in case of , L ‘ d ! e rt Austria. A report is current that it is inten d s pose the joint occupation of Greece by the th rea t es l ' o r England, France, and Russia, on account of t be n d 0 1 0 of the Bavarian garrison. This would be a kri o sti'l plement to the common guarantee of the Gree t' sr„,s44, Private letters from Madrid warn their res43eh't placing confidence in the Madrid Gazette 00 1 ,%0 5 ' 4 ,10 4 of events in Portugal. The following is a° ; 1 0 0 one, dated the 19th inst.:—" During the lal'eb Pt the state of the King's health has become u n d l y t ec ts , His Majesty keeps his bed, and receives 0 0 h ° t ic) , acquaintances of his chief physician, Dr. CI: o ,or, that he is much swollen, and is not lik e ; tb e t rO, over the month of October. It was jus t a hi 6 joo,l period of last year that his Majesty suffered fio r d, illness. We are without positive news fr°S o a which gives rise to a belief that the success of the, o' ) ' is far from being great, for if it were othern i ecl pompous bulletins would have been pub t he s td 1 Gazette. We learn, by an officer of rank 1° ,4, 0 ti';- Marshal Bourmont, who arrived here last Dirdegre:lieo couragement prevails in that army to such I OA ° 0 the French Marshal having to comproinitie • 00 reputation, has since tendered his r esig o2 ",,o r e° ,j Miguel. It appears that Marshal Bourn:110 'aieol)trit,, Coimbra, with his troops, halted with the awaiting an attack from the Constitutional' 001‘000i, not confidence enough in his own forces to or O I . 0 1) 0 ? tempt upon Lisbon. The entrance of 1'4 ;0 0 ei le Coimbra, a town noted for the liberal spiri t '' o gie h e 6 11 tants, produced little effect, and not 3 ~b was heard. Don Miguel, dissatisfied w , r is V.S ception, set out f or T orres V e dras, vi'7' t e ee ,i review the troops und e r the command °' t to r t . Cadaval. The strictest orders have bees 0 ( 0 ‘",,s l to exercise the strictest vigilance over the ''ice station, as the Government had received 0° to it siderable number of sobliers having gone °ver e tr ji thl to join the Constitutional army. This desertion, which might have b ee : p e rt lieh ; ti ce il t oel4 very embarrassing to our hlinister., and forerunner of a movement which trill " or e 0 , e 0 when the Government of Donna Maria itt ~iffa itt r j fr tablished, tAhi e. A zi saeesatr land three m t h i e s d u aa n yw ci s , e n r a s ta: a ea n d d te i lr n wa g o n h tF a Fa s ri j ea u ing s e t ne b r ac.l o 7 ; dti e o -6 : i e f it i l ) 0130 t 1 :ei o ll f ° : i( not visited the office of Foreign affairs,fotriet° quent interviews together, and send 0 0 every day for London and Paris. A tia . FRENCH FUNDS.— , PAD Ig ' Five per Cents., 104 f. Four per Cents., 94f. Three per Cents., 76f. 20c. 15c. e Rente de Naples, 91f. Cc. Rents ßßiteo, nyn Royal eel dp d eE s E r s , el: Spanish. g g n l i mE, , as Three g v r : e n per ee., )ke c e e e n f t e s t:r . ; :c4 1 4 6 , , 5 EXCHANGE ON One month, paper, 25E ann. •` 25 Three months„ paper, 25f. MK c . ; "" nil' —Coo; s Authcntiquc. .5 • n ill of Last week a f arme r at Norton',la each had three m en rea pi ng for him in one De" wail above 90 yeatio.-Bury Post, Itl Stl., reia h. 4tt _, A u kffairs has log' r Berli n re visal the sea Itt"tions Eel space of sbof t ia th an e of 1681, our Con.ular re 1 ' 4 1 1 01 4 )4,er State r this reviaal.o ',"arn, or ya the w oy these ordin3o,o ' 4 , l 4 re n ow o longer a d a pted , a ; tnay aighly necessaty th are On tl ablishments , , t , t o at°raeet. I principally 4 - I t! the t getion, an ea cdton . to be defiaed i:i t i a a nd inter, A ` down 2n,°C ial attributes. 111;"B" man, mes, to unples!'„,as th of a more serl°' tttiontiersaol ae consular 01 61 ', origi n ' to the for , t i e : se Stat e , ion. Lastly. ,b, sta re leive released. ttti -", and t, on 3 rigor° kie:tn,' the „ ;It as was DeCeSOlt 4t be trai l , ments in Turkey,',, 'tt be allgo" t modification, oT t "ham France thougM", lad Swittor{ ' to the wants of tn i ;ov rr at it has, in 01 . t hi ng has yet DP- eozve it h as has destroye d • lhinkiatloo wi longer to Ott Th e io N of , no • --- Of i t', e !al ,:;;,,W