The Sun. — London, England, 1854-10-25 00:00:00

41111.01. 10 THEATRE, ROYAL HAYMARKET. u n d e r the management of Mr. Raekstona. THIS ETENLIG, OCT. 25, wilt it performed the comedy of PLUG PET. Principal eha- Mr. Chippendale. Mr. W. ninon. ILI. rulers -02 Mr. Wright. Poynter, • solid Miss E. Chaplin. Alter w hteh, this First Part of the Ballet of THE STAB OF Ali DAL -USIA. To be tellowed by Till IRISH LIOg. Principal sharuter by Mr. lands \ In. To concl tide with the FLOWER OF Till POUT. Boy -, PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET. Umaer the Management of Mr. CsAnsi KILN. THIS EVENING. Om 25. wni be performed the highly populAr comedietta, entitled LIVING TOO FAST. After which. THE COURIER OF LYONS. Principal charact isherr,e lw Mr. C. Kean. Meson. J. Yining. Addison, Graham. D. F s Ca , hcart, and Sakes; Misses C. Leclercq , H eath, 1 ermine, and K. Terry. To conclude with THE HALT OF THE BALLET. THEATRE ROYAL ADELPIIL Prorletor. Mr. B. Webstor.—Dirertrefss, Madame Celeste. THIS EVENING, OCT. 25. Will be performed an original Drama in Four Acts, called appointments, 8s: THE SUMMER STORM, with new scenery, (Iroise.% After which, A MOVING TALE. To conclude with the screaming Burlesque of NORMA. SOYA'. OLYMPIC THZI.TRE. Leone and Manager, Mr. A. Wigan. TIUS EVENING, OCT. 25, Will be performed VIE TaIENTSE. Charactors by Yam A. WWII. F. Vining, Emery. and Leslie; Miss Maskel and Miss .tephens. To be followed by a Farc called , BLIGHTED BEING, in frhich Mr. Robson will appear. e, To concicda with TO OBLIGE BENSON. STRAND THEATRE. Sole Lessee Mr. F. W. Aileron. THIS EVENING, Oar. 25, will be performed SUNSET AT SEA. After which, THE NEW WAGS OF WINDS= To conclude with DON GIOVANNI. seefit;-49.; Boxes, 2s. 6d.; Pit, Is.; Gallery, 6d.; Private Boxes £1 b., to be had of Mr. Al!croft. IS, New Bond-street. ASTLEY'S ROYAL AMPHITHEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. William Cooke. Tremendous success of the new WAR SPECTACLE! which has been received with the most enthusiastic expression of admiration, and accompanied by tumultuous applause. THIS EVENING, Time, a GRAND MILITARY SP ECTACLE, called THE BATTLE Or THE ALMA, in which both the Stage and the Ring will be simultaneously employed. After which, the SCENES in the CIRCLE. To conclude with a SUPERB NATIONAL ENTREE and a variety of Grand Tableaux. Box-o'flce open from Eleven till Your. Stage Manager, Mr. W. West. Acting Manager, Mr. W. H. Cooke. Equestrian Director, Mr. Wm. Cooke, jun. RI H WATER AT LONDON BRIDGIL Tau DAY —Morning 42 min.after 3 I Evening 0 min.eft. 4 To viovacnv Kerning 20 nain.after 4 I Evenint 40 inin.aft. 4 TUX WEATHER.—Stri Orme, *or. 25. TfINENONNTHE, IN THY SHAM 54 —highest since noon yesterday. 46 —lowest this morning and during the night. 49 —this day at noon. BAROMITIB, 29'07. Still falling. WIND, N.B. to E.N.E.—Light, with dirty weather and continuous drizzling rain. It rained heavily since yester day evening and during the night. THE "COMING" CAPTURE SEBASTOPOL WILL BE PUBLISHED IN AN EXTRAORDINARY EDITION "THE SUN" THE MOMENT THE EXTRAORDINARY GAZETTE IS ISSUED, TOGETHER WITH A LIST OF THE KILLED AND WOUNDED Orders received by all News Agents, and at "THE SUN" OFFICE, 112, Strand, London. .r 4 N•e. •*47" ; 'LONDON, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1854, On Saturday we announced the arrival at Mar seilles, on the previous day, of the City of Lon don, transport ship, bringing advices from Con stantinople of the 13th, and from B tlaklava, including official despatches from Lord RAGLAN, to the 10th instant. These despatches were most anxiously looked for. The preceding had only been carried on to the 28th ultimo, at which time the English commander had established himself at Balaklava, and was making the moat energetic preparations for the siege, which it was generally supposed would be commenced within less than a week. Twelve days had, however, elapsed previ ous to the sailing of the City. of London, and some explanations were doubtless offered as to the reason for the extraordinary delay, and as to the probable time when the bombardment of the beleaguered town would really begin. Lieutenant KIRBY, the bearer of these important documents, arrived in London on Sunday evening, and forthwith delivered his interesting charge at the War-office. We had every reason to suppose that they would hare been given to the public on the following day, in pursuance cf the -voluntary promise of the Duke of NEWCASTLIL Monday, however, passed over without any notice.; Tuesday passed in like manner ; and eve n the Gazette was published without any allusion whatsoever. We trust that some expla nation will be afforded on this matter, to show why it was that the salutary precedent should be disregarded, which led to the publication of a Gazette Extraordinary on the Bth inst., when the despatches of Lord RAGLAN and Admiral DUNDAS were published. Notwithstanding their arrival on a Sunday, and also the additional despatches to the 28th ult., which appeared in the Gazette of the 10th, there was then no such vexatious procrastinations as in the present instance, and it is only fair that any cause which prevents the allaying of the public anxiety for such a time should be ma d e known, so that the blame should be removed from the quarter on which it now . rests. We have already pointed out the evil con sequences of permitting the unchecked circulation of false or exaggerated reports. The " cooked accounts of the AUTOCRAT are suffered to go forth to the world without contradiction; designing men are permitted to influence the Price of the national securities ; persons desirous of making bona fide i nve stments are discoura ge d ; and all in conse quence of the observance of some ridi cu l ous eti quette or red-tapist absurdity. Should any rule exist preventing the immediate publication of au thentic intelligence we have no doubt that it would, under the present exciting circumstances, be completely abolished or materially modified. It is now announced in the Moniteur " that the trenches were opened on the night of the 9th, that the Allies were within seven hundred metres of Sebastopol, that earthworks were still (on the 13th) being thrown lip, and that it was thought the firing would commence on the 15th !" It was also added that "the Itue.siang continued to fire without effect, and that they had attempted various sorties without re sult," " The Vienna Lloyd," contained similar , accounts to the same day (the 13th), with the ad dition that "the English batteries were ready, though still masked, as the French were not suf ficiently advanced." It also stated that "it was not for a moment doubted that Sebastopol must fall l" We believe that there cannot be much difficulty on the subject. The only questions arise from the tardiness and apathy of our own Government, which seems as if its Councils were still influenced by a faithful friend of the CZAR, anxious to let him off as easily as possible under the peculiar circumstances of the case. These may serve to encourage the foe, and to dispirit our own countrymen ; but they cannot affect the ultimate fate of the town, which, humanly speaking, appears certain. But what is to be done with it when captured ? When thiii stronghold, with all its stores and the remnant of the Russian navy, are actually in our hands—we cannot relinquish the prize so dearly purchased—we cannot be contented with the destruction of these fortifications. If the CZAR should be permitted, under any circum stances, to retain possession of the Crimea, we should again, and probably at no very distant date, have the work again to do. We could not prevent him from rebuilding these threatening fortifications, from renewing his navy. He is now actuated by even stronger motives than ambition or cupidity. He is possessed by a deadly hatred of those by whom his pride was so deeply humiliated and his power depreciated. Now that the tables have been so completely turned, we have his own example to refer to, and none can object to .our right to demand ma terial guarantees for the permanent tranquillity of Europe. He must never again be permitted to menace Constantinople, or to hold possession of any stronghold on the Euxine. The indepen dence of Georgia and Circassia must be main tained, for it was to the gallant and protracted struggle iof the Caucasian warriors, under their ProphetiChief SCHAMYL, that we have been in debted for being saved from many serious com plications. With the Crimea, Bessarabia should be restored to its ancient allegiance ; and, if NICHOLAS still persists in refusing to accept the conditions which we are entitled to dictate, the whole of Southern Russia may be dealt with. In driving his troops from these territories, we are only sending him back to the original boundaries of his empire_. depriving him of the unconscientious acquisitions made by his predecessors. He will be still suf ficiently strongfor the protection of Russia Proper, although no longer capable of terrifying his neigh bours or checking the progress of liberal opinions. One wing will have been closely clipped—the other, by which he is enabled to menace the Baltic rowers, must share its fate. The various provindes abutting on that sea, Finland, Esthonia, Livonia, &c., offer fair marks for our operatfons, when the possession of a suitable armambnt of gun-boats enable our fleets to act effectively against his strongholds in the Gulf of Finland, against Sweaborg and Helsingfors, Revel and Cronstadt, and possibly even St. Petersburg itself. , We have learned that formidable blows are to he inflicted, not against the centre but the extremities of Russia, and we should profit by the experience thus acquired. We revert to the awful tragedy of the FBaNx- LIN V i xpedition, consisting of 136 souls. A small portidn only of the dreadful scene is before us. A. mere moiety of the gallant band of adventurers is accounted for. Point Sir Charles Ogle is the restixg-place of some, and Montreal Island of others. We refrain from harrowing the feelings of our readers by repeating the condition in which their honoured remains were found. We would spare. them and their friends such a recital. There is, however, a blood-stain somewhere. Has every effort been made for the rescue of this noble band, we ask ?—for let it be distinctly understood that there were many noble souls involved in the fate of FRANKLIN—CROZIER, FITZJAMES, STAN LEY, GOODSIR, are the names of officers well known for their talents and acquirements. Many a tear for years to come will be shed over the memory of those brave men. Even our own pen, stern as " Time" has made us—for we were acquainted with some of the gal lant crew—loses somewhat of its steadiness as we write. Peace, everlasting peace, to them ! Has every effort, we repeat, been made for the rescue of this noble band ? Too happy should we be to answer yes ; but no. The authorities at home— and by the authorities we mean not only the Board of Admiralty, but the Colonial Board— have sacrificed the FRANKLIN Expedition to a perverse attachment to their own special views, imbibed from one of the most prejudiced of men, the late Sir JOHN BARROW. We have several times warned the authorities against large sea expeditions, and urged small land journeys in the prosecution of Polar research. Dr. KING, the accomplished Polar traveller, who went down the Great Fish River in search of Sir J. Ross, in 1833-4-5, published, at the time the search for FRANKLIN was under consideration, a pamphlet, entitled " Polar Sea Expeditions, and Polar Land Journeys." Every newspaper in Eng land supported us in urging Dr. KING'S views of a Polar Land Journey down the Great Fish River, in lieu of FRANKLIN'S Polar Sea Expedition. And when he found the Board of Admiralty were determined to send out FRANKLIN by sea, he sub mitted to Lord STANLEY (now Lord DERBY), the then Colonial Secretary, a plan for descending the Great Fish River overland, so as to act in concert with Sir J. FRANKLIN by sea. And when the fate of FRANKLIN became serious, Dr. KING implored ! first the Colonial Board, and then the Board of Admiralty, in the most forcible language that man could pen, to allow him to go by the Great Fish River to the rescue of the FRANK LIN party. He maintained from the moment FRANKLIN started that he would be wrecked, where in all probability he has been wrecked, on the western land of North Somerset, and that he would make for the Great Fish River, in expectation of help from home. Poor creatures ! Help from home ! Only one polar friend held out a helping hand. Earl GREY'S answer te Dr. KING'S powerful appeal, as well as the appeal itself, is on record. Admiration for the one and condemnation for the other document, was the by word at the time of every well-thinking man ; but now a blot is stamped upon the answer of Earl GREY which he will never be able to efface. The Board of Admiralty sheltered themselves under the cloak of a council, called the " Arctic Council," who were made, not only once, but twice, to report the utter impossibility of FRANKLIN b e ing anywhere in the neighbourhood of the Great Fish River. The refusal of Dr. KING'S first offer bears date the 3d of March„ 1848, and the second offer th e 28th Februar y , 1850. Wha t part did Sir JOE.N. FRANKLIN'S old companion, Sir GEORGE BACK, take in th is decision of the Arctic Council, for he was one of its members I We are acquainted with a print ent itled the " Arctic Council," portraits of the members of the council called together under that name —let each man now tell his own tale. We cannot put a permanent value on that council until we know this. What monster evil haunt s the imagination of Sir GEORGE BACK', that he sh ou ld ever and anon lead us from that mag nificent river, teeming with every kind of animal life, even up to the great human family We think we see the poor fellows at Point Sir Charles Ogle and Montreal Island, daily looking up the Great Fish River in expectation of assistance. The spring of 1850 was not the first spring journey they had made to the Great Fish River. The spring of 1848, sure l y th e spr i ng of 1849 also, found them on the -banks of that stream. They were evidently on the look out for assistance—some at Montreal Island, to I watch for a searching party, in the direction of I the Great Fish River, and others at Pcint Sir Charles Ogle, in the direction of the Coppermine River. FRANKLIN evidently followed out his in structions to the letter, and as evidently looked for help in the direction it should have been made. How strange, then—howutterly unaccount able—how perfectly inexplicable it is that the " Effort in Search" should have been in every direction but the right, and, more strange still, mostly in the direction that it should not have been. In fact, the " effort " has been made upon the assumption he had gone contrary, and not according, to orders. We conclude, not only with the words of a contemporary—" Tuna have the permanent officials of the Admiralty prevented FRANKLIN from being saved—his blood, and the blood of his brave companions is on their heads " —but with the addition that just sl much must be borne by Earl GREY as Colonial Secretary. The next session is three good months distant --even the press has not yet begun to speak of it ; it is not to be wondered at, therefore, that states men should be chary of committing themselves. The great Liberal Leader in the Cabinet has just spoken at Bedford, but—made no sign ; and the great Leader of the Commons Opposition has been about as cautious. The former, indeed, asserted the conservative value of religious and civil free dom, and the latter coquetted with —or, we should rather say, did not repel—the advances of political Protestantism ; but neither dropped a word which could commit them. Some of our contemporaries have indeed laughed or lectured, according to their turn, over Mr. DISRABLI'S encouragement of Protestantism, in the Exeter Hall or Orange sense of the word. Except, however, as Protestantism means the principle of private judgment, we shall not easily believe that Mr. DISRAELI will undertake its advocacy. He, of all our poli ticians, will never become the Parliamentary tool of any bigotted. priesthood. If he could conde scend to that, we confess it would be a falsification of his literary character, which we cannot think he would be guilty of,—not even to be again Chancellor of the Exchequer. If, however, he did make use of any influential portion of the Church of England as a means of obtaining poli tical power, few of his predecessors could throw the first stone at him, the recent speaker at Bed ford least of all. No one has more inconsistently canvassed for episcopal favour, or sacrificed poli tico-religious principles to ward off the opposition of Churchmen than Lord JOHN RUSSELL. They, however, have shown but little love in return. They knew that they were more wanted than liked, and they have given but cold support to the great Whig Statesman. At Bedford he was, for an advocate of religious liberty, in rather a striking position. Having gone the round of the ordinary causes of the fall of states and empires, and showed that they did not exist in our happy country, he laid much stress upon freedom, and religious freedom espe cially, as the great security of national existence and progress. The proximity of the site of JOHN BUNYA N'S gaol reminded him of an "immortal work," and the persecution amid which it was penned. That was a Protestant persecution of those who dissented more widely from Rome than does the Church of the noble speaker. But a not distant locality must have reminded him of an other persecution—of a persecution of Catholics for adhering io the religious views of their fathers ; and the monument of that persecution was still remaining—a splendid Roman Catholic estate and abbey, bestowed on the RUSSELLS who, at that time, practised the religious liberty of rejecting the creed from which Church estates were taken, and of espousing that to which they were given. Probably, however, his Lordship holds that Church property is so truly the property of the State, that to withdraw it, even in favour of in dividuals, is no attack on religious liberty. Lord JOHN is, notwithstanding the breadth of his views, fond rather of a crotchet and a seeming inconsistency. We have sometimes thought that he takes a real pleasure in making his own friends feel the rein. A particular demand of perhaps the largest portion of his supporters may be pressed upon him. All con sistency, all fidelity to them would seem to require him to comply, and gladly too. But, no ; this is just the case for showing how he can do without them. The Tories are sure to be with him when he wants to snub his followers. They like, of course, baulking the advanced Liberals, and espe cially through their own leader ; and like quite as much the accumulating unpopularity which they know will soon drive him from office. The Ballot and Church Rates are just illustra tions of this crotchetiness or wilfulness. We hardly know which to assign his conduct to. On the former question a considerable majority of his followers votes against him, and on the latter the majority is overwhelming. Yet there be stands in the House, coolly reiterating the oldest and most hackneyed arguments, not deigning to enliven his refusal by any show of mental vigour, seeming rather to take a pleasure in refusing for refusal's sake. Not all the freshness of illustration which Mr. GRANTLEY BERKELEY contrived to bring to the debate, not all the profound reasoning of Sir W. MoLnswor.Ta.could move Lord JOHN to more than the - . most igehalnnt"-commonplaces in op posing his own party. And so on the Church Rate question—the entire Liberal majority of the country, and all the better part of the Conserva tives, with Lord DERBY and his son at their head, me anxious to abolish them—the division gave him but a mere official majority. Yet what should Lord JOHN do but coAly rake up High-Tory ar guments on the necessity of Church Rates to the Church, of the Church to the Crown, and by such logic the necessity of Church Rates to the very existence of our glorious Constitution! He fought for this remnant of ecclesiastical injustice as ♦igo rously as he did for an eight shilling duty, just before he was compelled by the League to write his well-known letter. We said he made no sign. We know not that we aro justified in regarding as such his declaration that " the only true freedom is that which is complete and universal." Words these which give him as much political scope as PEEL allowed himself when lie proclaimed to the landlords who had just put him in power, the right of every man to buy in the cheapest market and to sell in the dearest. Complete freedom would certainly in clude freedom from landlord intimidation and mob intimidation, and therefore the Ballot. Uni versal freedom sounds very much like Universal Suffrage, and would ill comport with another Reform Bill which obstinately interposed every obstacle to the acquisition of a vote by a working man. We are hardly to suppose his Lordship intended to justify his abortive effort of last ses sion, an effort which failed chiefly because it was so incomplete as to leave the franchise a curse to most rather than a boon, and so far from universal, that it left out vast masses of the people. Perhaps the Noble Lord's stan dard of liberty is peculiar. He declared, for instance, that our religious institu tions leave entire freedom to conscience. His lion. Friend, Jon BMGIIT, of Manchester, will hardly agree with him. He does not think his conscience quite free when, because he deems it sinful to pay ecclesiastical taxes, his goods are dis trained for a twopenny Church Rate ; and JOHN, the Quaker, has, too, more wh• think with him than the Lord can boast. Lord JOHN cannot, of course, mean that conscience is free because the penalty cannot touch it---because the body, or the property alone, aro touched. He would not have mentioned JOHN BUNYAN, whose " immortal work" showed the freedom of his conscience, if he had not held that, suffering in person or proptrty for conscieuce' sake, is the very notion of persecu tion. We shall, however, leave Lord JOHN and JOHN BRIGHT to Settlo this next session. A journal of a French officer at Balaklava states, under date of Oct. 4, that a Zouave prisoner, escaped from Sebastopol, reported that GO English and French pri soners, who had lagged behind to plunder after the battle of Alma, and so been taken, had refused to work at the fortifications, and had therefore been sent up the tountry. A Russian officer, disguised as a Turk, had been captured is the camp, ..+~-,. .y THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 25, 1854. IN MEMORY OF CAPTAIN' ARTHUR WILLIAM WYNN, OF THE 23d WELSH FUSILIERS, WHO FELL GLORIOUSLY AT ALMA. " There lay Colonel Chester and four of his gallant offi cers, with their faoes to the sky."—iforning Newspaper. " He had gone right up to the gun."—Privats Account. When from grim Alma's blood-stained height There came the sound of woe, And in thy first and latest fight That noble head was. low : Fond hearts, that writhed beneath the blow, Were tortured with keen thirst to knew How, ere their loved and lost one bled, By Fate's cold hand the gloomy thread Of that last hour was spun ; And yearnings from thine English home Bounded across the ocean foam, • " Where did ye find my son?" The answer, from that fatal ground, Came pealing with a trumpet-sound, " Close to the Russian gun." With many a gallant friend around him, In one proud death—'twas there we found hint. His look, though soft, was calm and high, His face was gazing on the sky, As if he said, " Man cannot die Though all below be clone." " Thus was it that we saw him lie Beneath the Russian gun." Right up the bill our soldiers sped, No hurrying in their earnest tread ; The iron thunder broke in storms Again, and yet again— On their firm ranks and stately forms It did but break in vain : Though yet untrained by war to bear The battle's deadly brunt, The ancient heart of Wales was there, Still rushing to the front. Their blood flowed fast along those steeps, Bat the proud goal was won, And the moon shone on silent heaps Beyond the Russian gin-- For there, with friends he loved around him, Among the foremost dead, they found him. Oh ! there are bitter tears for thee, Young sleeper by the Eastern sea— Grief that thy glory cannot tame ; It will not cease to athe ; And anguish beyond any name In hearts that fain would break. Still thy brave bearing on that day Lends these who mourn its strength to say, " Thy will, 0 God, be done ! We bow before Thy living throne, And thank Thee for the mercy shown, Even when Thy summons dread was thrown Forth from the Russian gun." No agony that gasps for breath Lengthened his hopeless heurs of death, No quenchless longing woke in vain For those he ne'er could see again ; By noble thoughts and hopes befriended, By Honour to the last attended, His haughty step the hill ascended ; At once—his hand and brain reposed, At once—his eager life was closed : One mystic wbirl of mighty change, Oae sea-like rush of blackness strange, And all the roaring tumult dim Was cold, and dark, and still for him. Pain cannot rack or fever parch The brave whose course is run. So ended his majestic march Up to the Russian gun ; For there, with friends he loved around him,' Serene as sleep, they bought and found him. And still, for ever fresh and young, His honoured memory shall shine, A. light that never sets, among The trophies of his ancient line. Yea, though the sword may seem to kill, Hie noble spirit liveth still, A ray of Glory's sin ; And many a child, remembering well How by sad Alma's stream he fell, His tale with boyish pride shall tell— " I bear the name of one Who, in that first great fight of ours Against the tyrant's servile powers, Upon the red Crimean sod, Went down for Liberty and God, Close to the Russian gun ; For there, with friends he loved around him, Among the free-bora dead they found him." 11th October. F. H. DOYLE. SIEGE OF SEBASTOPOL. We have just seen 'a very graphic sketch of Se bastopol and the position of the Allied Armies en camped before it, by Captain M. A. Biddulph, R.A. The map itself reminds us forcibly of Mr. Wyld's excellent delineation of that part of the Crimea ; but this is enlivened .by the actual and relative positions of the French, English, and Turkish divi sions around the southern parts of the beleaguered city, fortress, and harbours of Sebastopol, from the ruins of Inkormann, on the right of the Eng lish, to the Bay of Strelitska, on the left of the French. The map altogether bears strong evidence of having been sketched on Me spot, and will well repay the labour of following up the operations of the Allied Armies, now that the siege has actually begun in right earnest. It is published by Mr. Edward Stanford, bookseller, of 6, Charing-cross. HORFIELD BArtuiccs.—Our military authorities, after intimating some time since that they meant to give up florfield as an artillery station, last week sent orders to have it continued permanently as a post for this impor tant branch of the service. The guns, &c., are therefore to remain there.—Gloucester Journal. THE LATE RUSSIAN MINISTER, Mr. Bodisco, obtained of Charles H. Haswell , Esq., the drawings of the ma chinery of the United States steamer Powhatan, by whom the engines of that vessel were designed, for trans mission to the Emperor of Russia, the Pewhatan having proved herself the most successful steam-ship in the ser vice. The'Rusiiiin Emperor; to show his sonme of the merit, of their contriver, has sent to Mr. Haswell a mag nificent diamond ring, the stone one way measuring half an inch in diameter within the setting.—New York Sun. The Duke and Duchess of Wellington are at Strathfieldsaye, Hants. Lady Sarah Ramsay, daughter of the Marquis of Dalhouise, who is staying with the noble duke and duchess, leaves to join her father in India early in the ensuing month. THE LATE LIEUT HENRY ANESTRUTIIIIR. This gallant and prorsising young officer was the seccoad son of Sir R. A. Anstrather, Bart., of Baleaskie, and grandson of General A.notruther, whe died at Corunna, and sleeps beside his friend and companien in arms, Sir John Moore.—Northern Ensign. The Red Lodge, Park-row, Bristol, has been pur chased by Laxly Byron, the widow of the deceased poet, and by her m unificently placed at the dispomal of Miss Carpenter for the purpose of the reformatory schools established by that excellent lady.—Gloucester Journal. SINGULAR MARRIAGE.—There were married at Tomin toul, on the 15:h inst., in his own house, James Stewart, late of Aoltnachyle, to Betty Cameron, ToMinteul. The happy bridegroom, who had seen about twice forty winter suns go round, was unable to get out of bed ; but the blooming bride, who is about (30 years of age, attended to the guests with her usual alacrity.—Edin burgh, Courant. On Monday their Graces the Duke and Duchess •f Beaufort entertained the Mayor and Corporation of Bristol, of which city his Grace is Lord High Steward, to a grand banquet at the Ducal seat, Badmington house. DEATH OF ♦N AGED FESfALE --Yesterday Mr. Wm. Carter, the Surrey coroner, held an inquest at the King's Arms, Roupell•street, Lambeth, on the body of Mrs. Sarah Shellain, aged 83, an inmate of one of the alms houses belonging to Church-street, Blackfriare-road, Baptist chapel, situate in Windmill-street, Lambeth, who was burned to death. Verdict—" Accidental death." SUICIDE BY A MARRIED WOMAN.—Yesterday Mr. Win. Carter, the coroner for East Surrey, held an inquest at the Bridge-house Tavern, Old Kent-road, on the body of Mrs. Prudence Abercrombie, aged 50, the wife of a printer, residing at 41, Gaineford-street, liorselydown, who contruitted suicide by drowning her self. Verdict, " Temporary insanity." LIE BANKRUPTCY OF " JIM" WARD.—There was a meeting yesterday at the Court for the choice of assignees under an adjudicat.on issued against ithis well-know■ pugilist, who kept the Rose Tavern, in Jermyn.street. The debts are small—about 6001. Mr. C. Cordon, dis tiller, of Goewell street, was chosen trade assignee. DEPARTURE OF THE GUARDS.—YeiterOsty the order for the departure of the detachments of the Guards for the Crimea was countermanded, in consequence of the steamer appointed for their conveyance net being quite ready, and, instead of marching this morning (Wednes day), as previously arranged, the men will now leave to-morrow (Thursday). The port of embarkation is also changed to Portsmouth. On Monday the officers of the Grenadiers gave their men going out a splendid dinner at Wellington Barracks. The officers of the Fusiliers present each man of their detachment with a pound of tobacco, and a serviceable pipe to smoke it. All the men had supplies of flannels and warm under-clothing, and will receive a sum of money wherewith to buy little extras that they may require on the march. THE SIGZ AND WOUNDED SOLDIERS AT VIM SEAT OF WAR.—Yesterday afternoon a special general meeting, convened by the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, was held at their rooms, 79, Pall-mall, for the purpose of considering the means to be adopted for maintaining an additional number of clergymen to minister, under the direction of the eccle siastical authorities on the spot, to our sick and wounded soldiers at the seat of war in the East. The following resolution was unanimously adopted :—" That a fund be opened for the puipose of maintaining an additional number of clergymen to minister, under the direction of the uccleaiastical authorities on the spot, to our sick and wounded solthera at the seat of w,r in the rut." LATEST NEWS. BOMBARE 'MENT OF SEBAISTOPOL. FIVE HUNDRED RUSSIANS KIT SLED. (Front the Second Edit ion of the Morning Post.) PARIS,. WEDNESDAY MORNING. The last telegraph from St. Petersburg that has been received, co mmunicates a despatch of Prince Menschikoff's, :from Sebastopol, stating that on the 17th the A flies opened their fire. The bombardment la steel till night. The Russians had WO killed and wounded. Admiral ICorniloff was killed on the 18th. The firing was feebly continued on the land side, and towards the sea the fortifications had suffered very little. It is hardly necessary to remark that the above being from a Russian source, is doubtless as favourable to the Russians as possible. Th• Russians must have suffered severely indeed, to confess on the very first day to so many killed and wounded. We gather from the Prince's despatch that the bombardment has begun vigor ously, and we are too well acquainted with the mettle of the Allied Army and its commanders to doubt its being well kept up, and its speedy and glorious result.—En. M. P. VIENNA, TUESDAY MORNING. Large bands of Tartars have been formed in the Crimea ; they sack and destroy the country houses of the Russians. The Russians confess that the Tartar population is so hostile that they have been obliged to arrest 2,000 persons. BERLIN, TUESDAY. The Grand Duke Alexander has left St. Peters burg to joie the Guards on their march to Warsaw. A Russian official despatch, dated St. Petersburg, the 23d, states that up to the 16th nothing import ant had occurred before Sebastopol. The enemy (the Allies) seemed to intend a regular siege, and had begun works, which the garrison had destroyed in a sortie by night. Not a single shell had fallen in the town. Cholera continued to rage in the enemy's camp. VIENNA, TUESDAY EVENING. Russian intelligence from the Crimea of the 16th announces that the Allies had begun to bombard Sebastopol on that day, but without having done damage. The Russians returned the enemies' fire. The garrison of Vienna has orders to be ready to march at 48 hours' notice. The day after to-morrow the remainder of the Austrian army will be placed on a war footing. Count Esterhazy returned to Berlin this morning. M. von der Pfordten is shortly expected her. from Berlin. RECAPTURE OF EUPATORIA. We have received advice; via Marseilles, from our correspondent at Constantinople, dated the Istb, from which it appears that Eupatoria had been retaken by the Russian; Captain Brock and his small garrison haring retired on board ship with the loss of one gun. The Faith and Gladiator had arrived on the 21st at Malta, with 225 artillerymen and two officers. THE CRIMEA. THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON AND HIS ARMY. We read in the Pays : " We are happy in being able to publish some details which prove the deep solicitude felt by the Emperor and by the Government for the welfare of the army. Not only has the Minister of War or ganised the intendance and the howital service in such a manner as to provide for every want—not only has he sent large supplies of every kind, but every man has been provided with a cotton shirt, a flannel waistbelt, a blanket, and a tente-abri. The Emperor has also sent to the General-in-Chief of the army of the East a considerable number of small bottles, containing a preservative against the cholera. Hearing also that the officers in the Cri mea, had great difficulty in procuring wine and _brandy, his Alajesty, 4ppropTia.ted, 60,000 fr. from his privy purse for despatching a certain quantity of these articles to the army. The camp of the north has not been less the object of the particular attention of the Goiernment. The soldiers who are to pass the winter in that rigorous climate have each received from the' Minister of War a flannel belt and two blankets. Each company has a room constructed in which they can warm themselves, and which contains t o kitchens. The Emperor has at his own expense caused iron rooms, 30 yards long by 10 yards wide, to be constructed, warmed by stoves, and intended to serve as places for meet ing. There will be one for officers and two for sol diers in each divirion. It is stated that these rooms will cost the Emperor more than 150,000 fr. The camps being very distant from each other, omni buses have, as already stated, been established, also at the expense of his Majesty. They run four times a week between the camps and Boulogne. Each brigade is also to have a library, composed of 50 volumes." THE ♦PPARENT DELAY. The Constitationnel says :—" 'We believe that it was only on the 18th that the fire was to have been opened against Sebastopol ; but for the moment the siege operations were to be carried on vigorously. It has been superabundantly proved that there are in a siege preliminary works, which it is in the power of no one to abridge. Let the siege of Rome be remembered, and it will be seen that no time has been lost ; but the rapidity of disem . • barkation, and that of the march from the Alma to Balaklava, have created amongst the public an im patience which must, however, cede before possible facts." THE LAST SUMMONS. We read in a Constantinople letter of the 10th, in a Vienna newspaper :—" General Canrobert acts in perfect accord in all things with Lord Raglan. The two commanders have made the last sum mons to Sebastopol to yield, so as to prevent the effusion of blood. A messenger has besides been sent, with a flag of truce, to the commander of the fortress, with the proposition to send away the women, children, old men, and sick, and to ho ist a flag on the hospital, in order that it may be spared. We are assured that the Allied com manders have resolved to respect the town itself, but to bombard the forts and batteries, the public establishments, and those of the Crown. The last lines of circumvallation approach so near the town of Sebastopol that the Allies, who occupy the heights, can see the inhabitants walking about." THE RUSSIAN REINFORCEMENTS. A letter from Constantinople, dated the 12th, in this evening's Lloyd, has intelligence from the Crimea that General Canrobert bad formed an ob servation corps of 30,000 men, and sent it towards Perekop, to chock the advance of the Russian re serves. This, however, is in no way confirmed by any of our late advices from the Crimea. On the 30th ult., the Sidon carried off two gun-boats from the harbour of Odessa, and two steamers are em ployed for similar purposes in the vicinity of Kertsch. The Constantinople writer considers the report that Russian reinforcements have al ready arrived in the Crimea from Bessarabia to be utterly absurd, on account of the great distance from the Pruth to Sebastopol, and the nature of the country to be traversed. From the Pruth to Char m ill 4 5 GerrnanMilers, in go, right line ; from the latter place to Perekop, 15; and from Perekop to Sebastopol, 15 miles more. From Varna we hear that on the 13th inst the Tunese troops, under Gutim Bey, embarked in six Turkish and eight Tunese ships from Batomn. 4,000 Tuuese went to Balaklava on the 12th. A great number of troops have recently been landed at Eupatoria, and the garrison of Constan tinople, of 10,000 men, was ready to leave for any point early in the month. Numbers of the wounded in the hospitals at Scutari and Pera have recovered, and demand to be allowed to return to the army. According to the Fremden Blatt, there are4ll,ooo Russian troops now on their way to the Crimea, viz., 16,000 cavalry and 25,000 infantry. The same journal is informed that the Grand Prince Thron folger will shortly arrive at Warsaw, to inspect the Imperial Guardz. He is their commander. A Constantinople letter of the 12th says :—" The chief enemy is one against which no courage or skill can avail. Sickness still continues its ravages, and, though the men have now received their tents, and are no longer exposed to the chill and damps of an autumnal bivouac, yet the state of the army is far from satisfact , ify. It is said, on good authOrity, that the effective British infantry does not now exceed 16,000 men. The probable loss in our part of the invading force from cholera, fever, and the sword of the enemy is about 5,000 men, since the expedition sailed. Not, indeed, that such a number, or even a third of it, are dead, but there are so many disabled by wounds and weakened by disease that the force of the army is lessened by nearly a fifth." THE BLACK SEA FLEET. OCT. B.—Although the disembarkation of, on an average, 220 seamen and marines from each line of-battle-ship has materially diminished their force, yet, as there are still plenty of men loft to fight one broadside, there are many who suppose that Fort Constantine and the fo"t a little to the northward, mounting eight heavy guns, and christened, from its stinging faculties, as proved by our steamer, " the Wasp," will be attacked simultaneously with the grand attack on Sebastopol ; at least I have reason to believe that our powerful force of screw and paddle-steamers will attempt a diversion coin cident with the storming. No men have been landed from them, and the advantage of distract ing the enemy's attention at such a time is too obvious to dilate on. As I foretold in my last, the blow has not yet fallen, but doubtless it is delayed only that it may fall more heavily. We do not doubt of success, though it would be folly wil fully to shut our eyes to the difficulties which are before us. There is no cliance of our troops, in case of the difficulties in their way proving insur mountable, abandoning the enterprise only to re new it in the spring. The allied armies would, in their present position, embark with so much difficulty, that we may not inaptly be compared to the armies that of old time burnt on the beach the ships that had borne them to the land of the foeman. Our armies will only leave the Crimea as victors. There is no fear of our fleet not being able to keep the sea during the winter. There is capital holding ground where they now are, and the little harbours to the southward of Sebastopol will con tain a great part of them. " Omne ignotum " masses "pro terribile," and the Black Sea has been a bug bear from the days of Jason and the ship Argo downways ; in fact, a gale of wind seldom lasts 30 hours, and very rarely does what is called, nauti cally " blow home." Any one who has seen the crazy craft in which the Turks and Russian Greeks navigate this sea will not wonder at the catas trophes they so frequently experience. Let only our troops lie protected by roofs from the rigour of a Crimean winter, and there is no fear of the fleet not being able in every way to play their part efficiently. The luxuries of life are quite unknown now in the British army. " I wish," said a Guardsman, worth 8,000/. a-year, to me, " that the Simuom would come up, for I've not had a clean shirt for a fort night." The transports realise fabulous prices, and I am sorry to say in too many instances make a market of the necessities of the army. Two pounds for a cheese and 7s. a bottle fur brandy are com mon prices. Caddies too, and tobacco, are in great request, especially the latter. " Please to let me on board," cried a sergeant alongside of one of our men-of-war steamers, " I'm the purser's cousin." On being admitted, he at once begged pardon for the assertion. " But sure," said he, " I knew you wouldn't let me come in unless I belonged to some body ; and the boys are all wanting so much a bit of tobacco." I need not say he went off with enough to last him for many a day. Our allies, however, are worse off than ourselves. Bread and onions picked up in the fields were their only food for two days ; and I believe the officers of some of our steamers had never a p!easanter task than dining one or two among the French officers who had extended their forage as far as Balaklava." TURKEY. CONSTANTINOPLE, Oct 12. As the allied force was at no time large, and has been seriously diminished, reinforcements are being sent for with all speed to ensure the success of the attack, and to make head against the hostile bodies said to be advancing. Within the last two dars 3,000 men of the Legion Etrangere have passed up from Gallipoli. These are excellent troops, and will go far to make good the losses of the Alma and the cholera. The reserves of the Turks are also called into service. To day the Orinoco went up to the Crimea with 1,300 Turkish infantry, two small steamers carried 800 yesterday, and the number will be made up to 4,000 within the pre sent week. The French reserves at Varna, to the number of 8,000, have of course long since been sent to the scene of war. It is to be regretted, however, that the allied force is not more nume rous. % For full efficiency of operations it is neces sary to have an army on the northern side of Se bastopol to cut off communication with the open country. The fact of 4,000 men having lately en tered to reinforce the garrison is a proof how much we suffer from the inadequacy of our force. GREECE. A. letter from Athens,. of the 12th, says : " General, .Mayran, commander of the French troops, resolved before leaving for the Black Sea to show Athens to all his soldiers, and at the same time show all his soldiers at Athens. On Monday last the entire brigade, with its artillery, baggage, tools, and camp effects, together with the english regiment, made a march, with bands playing and flags flying, through the town, passing before the palace of the King. All the population assem bled in the streets, or in the windows of the houses, and greeted the troops with every mark of sym pathy. The principal inhabitants of the Pirvaus have resolved to give a banquet and Mte to the general and his officers, and also to those of the fleet, before their departure." THE PRINCIPALITIES. Letters from Bucharest of the 16th, in the Ost- Deutsche Post of Vienna, repeat the statement that the main body of the Turkish army in Wal lachia has crossed the Danube and entered the Dobrudscha, for the purpose of operating against the thirty thousand Russians who crossed the Danube on the 10th, between Tultsha and Isatsha, and that they have taken possession of those places and of several other strategical points on the right bank, their outposts being stationed at Babadagh. The latter place is being fortified by them, and a bridge is constructing between Tultsha and Isat sha. The Russian troops stationed at Kilia, in Bessarabia, have also rec e ived orders to march towards ie Danube. The head-quarters of the Imperial Guards are established at Warsaw, which city is also the head-quarters of the Grenadiers, under General Rudiger, and of the active army in Poland under Marshal Paskiewitch. The troops concentrated on the Austrian frontier will then amount to 166,000 men, viz., 80,000 infantry of the line, 48,000 infantry of the Guards, 22,000 Grenadiers, and 16,000 cavalry, besides the usual proportion of artillery. The Bucharest Gazette publishes a rescript of Prince Stirbey, accepting the resignation of the Grand Wornick Cantacuzene, as Minister of the Interior and President of the Council of Adminis tration. M. J. Filipeseo, Minister of Finance, fills the vacant post ad interim. PRUSSIA. BERLIN, Oct. 22.—1 t appears that M. von der Pfordten, however desirous ho may be to mediate, has not arrived at this place expressly for that pur pose. His object has been to ascertain personally from Baron Manteuffel what ',are the intentions of this Government ; and, if possible, to ascertain whether it is the will and purpose of the Prussian Cabinet to persist in its expectant or do-nothing policy, in so far as regards Austria, and, as stated in its note of the 13th, to abstain from all initiative. M. von der Pfordten has, it is affirmed this evening been assured by M. de Manteuffel that the -pro gramme of Prussia, as laid down in the note of the 13th, will be adhered to, and that, however M. de Manteuffel may regret dif fering in opinion from the majority of German States, Prussia will not b e deterred by this from adhering to the principles it has followed and will persist in following. M. von del.}e se Pfordten is said to have replied that, su c h b e i ng would now consider h erse lf at liberityctaoa' Bava riaetas she might think fit—which, in plain words , means that she shall give her support to Au s t r i a , ,0t only regards the four points, but as relates to the other questions which Prussia slurred over in her special pleading of the 13th. " A Berlin journal of this morning designates the position of Prussia thus :—" Unon with Russia in the pr( sit case would be an abruption of trea ties (meaning the April treaty), a disavowal of past engagements, and a breach with itself and its whole policy." The Vienna Lloyd has been forbidden to be cir culated in Saxony. The cause is specially attri buted so its severe criticism upon Baron de Beust's note of July. THE BALFIC FLEET. REVEL, Oct. 17.—The overland mail from the Baltic, due here on the evening of the Bth, did not arrive, in consequence of the boisterous weather which the Bulldog steamer encountered on her voyage from Dantzic, until the afternoon of the 10th, several hours subsequently to the letter bags for England being made up. The gratifying intelligence of the important vic tory over the enemy on the part of the allied forces in the Crimea having been officially communi cated to Sir Charles Napier, signal was made to the fleet, "to seed up top-gallant masts, to dress ship with flags at the mast-heals, to hoist at the main the English and French ensigns side by side, and to fly the Turkish ensign at the fore." Imme diately after the signal was obeyed, a salute of 21 guns was fired by each ship in the fleet, causing great excitement to the residents in the town, who had received information of the signal defeat the Russian forces had sustained at Sebastopol. It has been stated that the screw line-of-battle ship Cressy, 80, Captain R. L. Warren, having sent her first cutter to intercept one of the Russian coasting vessels, endeavouring to enter the port of Revel, was fired on by the enemy, and that the Cressy had carried away her jibboom. Tie statements are untrue. On the 14th the Nile, 90, Capt. G. R. Mundy, was inspected by Rear-Admiral Chads. The pools of water on the island of Nargen were observed to be thickly coated with ice the trees have lost their foliage, and vast flocks of wild fowl are departing to the southward, and, according to the statement of the natives, the ice within another week will begin to form along shore. . The Cressy, 80, dai , tain Warren, was inspected on the 16th by Rear-Admiral Chads. On his arrival on board (9 a.m.) the seamen were mustered, and the marines marched round the quarter-deck. The order, " Prepare for action," was then given ; the men went to their quarters, bulkheads were re moved, and sent below. On the orlop deck the necessary preparations for the wounded were made by the medical officers ; the " amputati,n table" was set up, with all the requisite appliances in the shape of tourniquets, bandages, medical comforts, A court:martial assembled on board the Royal George, 120, Captain Codrington, this day, at which all the Captains in the fleet attended, for the trial of Mr. Stiles, Paymaster of the Gorgon steam ship, Commander Cracroft, on charges preferred against him by his commanding officer, which were to the effect that the prisoner had on two or three occasions been greatly intoxicated, and thereby in competent to the proper discharge of his duties. The prisoner pleaded guilty thereto, and left his case to the merciful coni leration of the Court, who, after a short deliberation, sentenced him to be dismissed her Majesty's service. The Vulture, Captain Glasse, sailed at 5 p.m. for Dantzic, with the overland mail. The Rose mond, Commander G. Wodehouse, is reconnoitring Sweaborg. GERMANY. A letter from Weimar of the 17th, in the Jour nal de Francfort, says :—" A conference yesterday took place of the Ministers of all the Saxon Grand Ducal and Ducal Houses, at which their Envoy at the Court of Berlin, Count Beust, was present, in order to deliberate ou the attitude to be observed in the great question of the day, and in particular as regards the differences existing between the two great German Powers. The necessity was generally admitted of a common action of Germany, and for that object of an extension of the treaty of alliance offensive and defensive between Austria and Prussia on the bases called for by German interests in the present state of things, and it was resolved to charge the representatives of the Courts in question to act in this sense at Berlin and at Frankfort." AUSTRIA. VIENNA, OCT. 21. The evening impression of the Lloyd contains a summary of the last Prussian note in answer to the Austrian despatch of the 30th ult. It is cha racterised by the usual verbosity and ambiguity, and that, though polite. in form, it is in substance unsatisfactory in the last degree. The only hope of getting Prussia round is—and even this is exceedingly hypothetical that the anxiously awaited fall of Sebastopol may work some good upon the King of Prussia and the Kreutz Zeitung league. There can be no doubt, however, that the relations be tween the Cabinets of Berlin and Vienna are seriously on the stretch. The present state of the Berlin and Vienna Bourses proves the fact better, perhaps, than all the arguments that can be adduced in support of it. These Bourses have lately been very sick indeed, little less than a panic having seized them, and holders have been ♦omiting forth their stock at considerably reduced prices ; and all this without any apparent ill-tidings from anywhere. But the gentlemen of the Bourse, and especially those of the haute finance, have a won derful scent, equal to that of any hound in any country. They smell that " the state of —is rotten." FRANCE. (FROM OUR OWN COQ RBSPONDIINT.) PARIS, TUESDAY, 6 P.M. No news of a positive and decisive character re lative to the siege of Sebastopol has yet been received. The Moniteur of yesterday morning, however, published a telegraphic despatch from Bucharest, dated the 221, which I sent you yes terday. . _ _ The following private telegraphic despatch has.. been received "MARSEILLES, 23D, Evxrrirra. The Titan and Brandon, steamers, have pro ceeded direct from Toulon for Sebastopol with troops. The Berthollet leaves to-day for Africa, to take reinforcements on board. Other frigates ready for leen and two lino - of-battl e s hi ps are expec t e d from Vret. Gei4ral Ventura is about to return to India.; A government steamer will leave Toulon tomorrow with some French prelates who are going to Rome. A Belgian cardinal and five foreign bishops embarked to-day for Rome." The greater part of the front page of the Debats of this day is filled with an article on Spain. A more gloomy picture than that of the Debats it is impossible to imagine, and we should be sorry to find it true. The Union has also an article on Spain, in which it eulogises the Count de Montemolino, and calls upon all Spaniards to receive at his hands the blessing of domestic prosperity and peace. The Moniteur publishes the customs' returns for last month. They amounted to 13,404,848 f., being an increase of 609,974 f. on the corresponding month - of 1853, and of 2,022,964 f. on that of 1852. The amounts received during the nine months of the present year was 107,177,887 f., showing an im provement of 3,859,434 f. on the corresponding period of 1853, and of 3,887,219 f. on that of 1852. Among the articles which show an in crease as compared with the nine months of last year are French colonial sugar, 4,392,238 francs ; foreign ditto, 3,996,779 francs; coffee, 543,858 f. ; corn, 560,382 f. ; iron in bars and rails, 522,900 f. ; rough castings, 432,872 f. ; copper, Ist fusion, 27,329 f. ; raw wool, 401,897 f. ; tallow, 37,992 f. In the diminutions, the principal amount is under the head of sundries, which stands for 3,657,797 f. ; raw cotton, 1,347,436 f. ; sheep and. cattle, 448,642 f. ; mahogany, 104,045 f. ; coal, 545,030 f. ; olive oil, 386/229f• / • and linen cloth, 569,364 f. There is nothing of importance in the Madrid journals of the 19th. MISCELLANEOUS. Communications between Prussia and the Rus sian provinces of Poland have been almost completely interrupted since the 26th June last ; but an order has just been sent from Warsaw to the Russian custom-houses of Szezypiorno, between Kalish and and Ostrowo, that they shall be resumed, and that cards serving as passports for eight days shall be granted to the Prussian inhabitants on the frontiers. The Debats says :..•‘` On Saturday, th e E m p eror Francis-Joseph signed at Vienna a treaty, conced of capitalists, represented by MM. ing to a company Pereire and E. Andre, of Paris, and by MM. Sina and Eskeles, of Vienna, the railway-lines hitherto constructed, an d worked by the Stat e , i n th e king doms of Bohemia and Hungary." THE MANUFACTURING TRADE.—The advices on hand from the manufacturing districts generally represent a quiet state of trade, but at Birmingham there is more ac tivity noticeable. The markets for cotton and woollen geode, &c., however, are very dull, the receipt of news front most of the foreign markets of over abundant sup plies, a limited demand, and falling prices naturally check ing business. The mills are en short time, and many are closed, whilst others are about to be stopped.