The Sun. — London, England, 1863-09-05 00:00:00

THI I , BRITISH ASSOCIATION. o.—~ - —~— 1.4-rwciks.r.r.r, Friday. The last supplementary day of the British Aeso elation meeting was celebrated yesterday by two great excursions, one to the iron district of Cleve land or Middleeborongb, and one io the lead mines of Mr. Beaumont, at Allenhead. Both trips neces sitated casly eising o n the part of the i n t endin g visitors., for the train for Allenhead left Newcastle ne early as a quarter to 7, and even that for the nearer and mere accessiole Yorkshire district started punctually at 8 o'clock. But, notwithstand ing the comparative earliness of the start and the miserable cold raw drizzle, which announced that the day was most likely to prove unspeakably bad and wretched as far as atmospheric influences were concerned, there was a very large muster of visitors for both trips. What the number would have been in the face of such an inclement day had not all the excursionists taken their tickets a week beforehand, is not difficult to conjecture; but, the tickets having been purchased, there was no option but to start or lose the money—an alternative which naturally seemed to all unpleasant, especially as there was plenty of company in distress. Wiith this for their consolation —and it is no slight one under such cir camstances—a large party left Newcastle for Cleve land, determined to be merry in spite of the weather. The Cleveland iron district is one which will exercise a most important influence on the manu facturing industry and wealth of this country. The fact of the existence of the ironstone there had been known for centuries—it was only ita value as a metal yielding ore that been denied. The :leaps of scoria found in the district show that the stone was at one time worked, and it is stated that at Gros'• moat oaks are now standing, the growth of centuries, upon the heaps of refuse belonging to an ancient work there. But, whatever its virtue or value in former days, it was agreed on all hands that none was to be found in the Cleveland ironstone of the present degenerate day, not that the evident wealth of the matrix did not attract attention or was not essayed to be worked. Since 1829 there have been almost innumerable attempts to get the iron compa nies to take the stone. A few did so, but did not encourage its being brought to them again. The great majority, however, refused to have anything to do with it, geologists differed as to its merits, and the iron trade was against it altogether. Some pronounced it " limestone, not ironstone ;" another called it" freestone stuff." Even the most friendly advised speculators not to be at any expense about the ore, while others threw off all disguise, and declared that they were ashamed to see it lying on their quays. Even as late as 1840 a scientific in quirer made an authorised examination of the stone, and condemned it in the pithy words, " quality hard, harsh, and very unlike good ironstone—coarse." Ali this, too, was done in the face of an open quarry in the district displaying the naked seam which has eince been the source of so much wonder and so much wealth, in the face, too, of all good geologists and mining experts. But coal and iron prophets are dangerous people to listen to in this district, and fortunes had been lost before in the now great Cleveland mines, A mere district then it would have remained till this day had not a Mr. Vaughan in 1850 stumbled over a boulder of pure iron, which led him to look for the ironstone, and then it was found to be everywhere. Since that time the iron has bean sent to every known part of the world, and it is now admitted that this hitherto much despised bed of ironstone is fine in quality and boundless in quantity. The bed, in fact, extends from the Tees to the Humber, and is 50 or 60 miles broad. This discovery of the stone and the completion of the railway into Middlesborough have made the Cleve land ironstone district one of the most important in the kingdom, and there is no seeing the end to the prosperity of Newcastle with its shrewd, energetic, hard-working population, its boundless supplies of coal, and now boundless masses of fine iron ore. Before the party, yesterday reached Port Clarence the weather cleared up fine and mild, and so re mained throughout the rest of the trip—the excur sionists in this respect possessing inestimable ad • vantages over their unhappy friends who had gone to Allenhead, and who were exposed on the hills to the full fury of the downpour from morn till night. On arriving at Port Clarence, the ironworks of Messrs. L'ell Brothers were first visited. No less than five smelting furnaces were here at work, all of which were tapped at once, and poured their great streams of fiery .metal cut before the visitors. From this time forth the whole party were never for a moment out of sight of a furnace or even out of its glare and smoke. :Middlesborough, on the south side of the Tees, to which the party were taken in steamers, was a mass of flame and smoke. The total number of blast furnaces erected in the north of England in the filet 45 years of the present century is only 37, but since the iron of Cleveland was worked 36 blast furnaces have been built in and around Middlesborough alone. From this great manufacturing centre, the very air of which is a mere dilution of soot, and soot not much diluted tither, the party were taken, on the Stockton and Darlington Railway, to Saltburn, passing en roue through such a succession of iron works and iron factories as no other spot of the same size probably in all the world can show the equal of. At the Zetland hotel, at Saltburn, a handsome lunch was provided for the visitors. After this repast the company started for the mines of Upleatham. The immense field of iron stone here is worked by Messrs. J. and J. W.Pease. 40G miners are employed, 2,000 tons of ironstone are wrought out daily, and a ton and a half of gunpow der per week is used in blasting operations. The Messrs. Pease pay royalty fees to the amount of £12,000 per annum to the Earl of Zetland. The principal entrance to the mine being at the head of the incline the train stopped at the foot, and the excursionists were conveyed thither in small wag gons. These novel means of conveyance were of new construction, were quite clean, furnished with seats, and were about 4ft. square. The ern.rine was of a size suited to the narrow tramway. The journey to the mouth of the mine was fortunately not a long one, for the jolting of the waggons was by no means alight. Arrived at the terminus, a platform on the s ame small scale as the other appliances of the rail 'fay had been constructed for the comfort of the P ass engers in alighting. A triumphal arch in foliage and flowers was erected in front of the entrance to the mine, but before the party started Pease Zr ie enploration of the interior Mr. J. W. ings on Pointed out the formation of the work arch a brilliant Plan. Passing under the triumphal of a passa ge I: s.cene presented itself. On each side of lamps and e h 7i n s a g into the interior workings rows in lines, compesea-eds of small candles, suspended n ation. Th e road o nelong vista of starry illumi romantic, but was fe l t s t elf was by no means so half nnately dry and tolerably level. A distance c f where the e mile b roug ht t h e party to the workings, operatio ns are regularly conducted. The stratum is thick, end is worked by means of blasting, pwards of an hour w as spent in these mines, The U train then rapidly conv eyed its freight to Middlesbor ough irousvo v, k ' s . here the g t he company insp ected the immens e Messrs. Bolchow and Vau g han. on entering the premises the visitors first viewed the apparatus em ployed in raising the rock and brine fro m a new salt bed into which the excavators struck n i ing a well for supplying the works with water. The salt is found at a depth of 1,300 ft. below the sur face, and the vein, as far as at present worked, is 112 ft. in thickness. It has not yet been wrought as a source of profit, but may eventually prove a valuable addition to the mineral wealth of this rich district. It was not a little remarkele that in the very midst of a cast workshop of this kind, with red hot metal dragged and wheeled in all directions, wheels revolving in all parts with astonishing rapidity, no accident occurred to any of the 300 gentlemen and ladies who thronged the works and witnessed all the labours of the operatives. After an hour spent in the works a general movement was made into the .Market-pl ace , ewhere, in the new buildings recently erected there, the dinner was to be given to the Compan y . At the banquet Mr. Brentall, the mayor, took the chair, and at the con clusion of the repast the usual loyal and patriotic toasts were given, and then the healths of the vari ous chief members of the British. Association were proposed sod d run k w i t h a ll th e honours. It was past nine before the party alerted on their return home, and nearly midnight before Newcastle was reached, after a very fatiguing but exceedingly pleasant and interesting day. More than 200 ladies and gentlemen accepted Mr. Beaumont's invitation to visit his extensive lead mines at Alieniaead, and as the district lies in a remote corner of the county of Northum berland 10 miles from a railway station, it was ne ces;ary to master at an unusually early hour. The train carried the party as far as Irayd on-bridge, a station a little to the west of Ileahane, on the Lan caster and Carlisle Railway, and here were waiting a heterogeneous collection of omnibuses, wag gonettes, and drags, by the aid of which the rest of the journey was to bo performed. The first eight miles ran through a pleasant country of a mixed agricultural and mining character, once part of the estates of the unfortunate Earl of Derwentwater, and now administered by the trustees of Greenwich Iliospital, and it was not till the party arrived at Allendale that the black barren moorlands were reached which contain some of the richest and most extensive veins of lead ore in t he county. The southern agriculturists accustomed to the smiling crops of the Vale of Aylesbury or the pasture lands of Lincolnshire, would turn up their noses at the wide expanse of bracken and heather ; but under neath lie riches far exceeding any which the pro digal farming even of Mr. Mechi c ould , extract , n r i o n m g fLorm. Beaumont's e equal a t the nthis most fertile an ath so a n a s d . om p valley of Weardale are extracted a full ro s d ix u t c h es o . f the lead which the United King d e Allen-town, after dis cussing a su bsta ß n . te a a n l m an nn d t m , t o a s e t welcome breakfast , p rovided by Mr. e w x e c n e t r s t i n on v i i s s t it s thseepwarnartuead t n int into whichtwaoll the p lead ore is ar ties. Som e 'lrought to be smelted. Few miners smelt their os c or e, for the uncert aint y of lead mining is such that unless the proprietor has the command of severe; veins the works might be idle for want of material. Mr. Beaumont a nd the London Lead Company are the principal exception to the rule. It is said thett in some years ore has been raised trom these mitres sufficient to furnish 10,000 tons of metal_ Mr. Sop-with, the director of all the mining operations here, explained with great clearness the various processes through which the ore passes before it reaches the martet, but the greatest at traction was the extraction of a large cake of silver by Mr. Pattison's well-known desilvering process. In this process the chief featn:a is that the lead crystallizing first the silver is left liThind, squeezed out as it were from the less valuable metal during congelation. The crystals, still containing some silver, are melted again a second and a third time. In a paper which Mr. Pattison read before the British Association some years ago ho calculated that by his process at least 50,000 ounces of s alver were annually added to the produce of the country. The rest of the party went down to visit the oleo:- ing of the level adit, perhaps one of the greatest mining engineering works in the county, which is to be,driven from this point to Allenhead, a dis tance of rather more than seven miles. The rest of the journey was made in one of the persistent driv ing showers which Mr. Sopwith assured the dripping savans was the normal state of the weather in the district. The usual rainfall here is about 70 inches—more than twice the average of the Eastern half of the kingdom. A halt was made midway at one of the shafts which have been driven down to assist in the excavation of the level, and here Sir W. Armstrong, who accompanied the party, explained the the powerful hydraulic machinery by which the whole operations of the mine are conducted. Everybody agreed, and the appearance of the party was abundant proof, that no neighbourhood could be better suited for the employment of hydraulic power. When Allenhead was reached the ladies of the party were so thoroughly drenched that they gladly accepted Lady Margaret Beaumont's offer of fires to dry them selves, and leave the gentlemen to explore alone the workings of the mine, the crushing machinery, and the other numerous objects of interest. At 3 o'clock an ample repast, which was called a luncheon, but which in its amplitude and liberality deserved a more ambitious name, consoled the party for the shortcomings of the weather, and when Newcastle was reached at half-past Sat night, everybody agreed that the last was the most enjoyable day of the British Association. There was an excursion steamer also to South Shields and the Marsden, but the rain spoilt all the pleasure which the geologists anticipated from the day. In crossing the bar of the Tyne—where there is generally a heavy swell—Mr. Clifford illustrated his admirable system of boat -lowering while the steamer was going at full speed. LA.W INTELLIGENCE —Sept, 4, LORD MAYOR'S COURT. (Before the Recorder and a Common Jury.) BULVEN AND ANOTHER V. FORSTER—AN INFANT MER CHANT—SINGULAR CASE AND SPECIAL VERDICT. This was an action to recover moneys paid for defendant as premiums for insurances upon certain ships. Defendant pleaded infancy. Mr. Day, instructed by Messrs. Ashley and Tee, appeared for the plaintiff, and Mr. Joyce instructed by Mr. Davies, for defendant. Mr. Joyce said that the simple issue to be tried was the question whether defendant was an infant at the time this debt was c)ntracted. If be were, then it was clear that de fendant was entitled to a verdict, though the debt was ad mitted. Mr. Forster, sen., seid—l was present at the birth of my son, the defendant. I made an entry in the family Bible. Defendant was born on the 4th February, 1812. Cross•examfned—l live at Evesham. My son came up to London four or five years ago. He came up as a clerk, but soon became a merchant. I lent him £3OO to start as a raerchant about four years ago. It may have been in 1858, hut I do not think it was. He became a merchant on his own account about four years ago. He did not tell me that the plaintiffs had laid out £7lO premiums for in surances on his ships. lle may have done business to the extent of thousands when an infant, but he did not tell me. He now lives in lodgings in liendell-street. He was to repay me the £lOO out of his profits. I had no interest in the business. Mr. Day said this was a most disreputable plea, an d de fendant and his lather o ugn t to be ashamed of it. Here was a case where plaintiff h a d actually recovered £3OO in this Court under an attachment. The defendant owed them COO, money actually paid for his business, and now he sought by this miserable plea to deprive plaintiffs of the £3OO they had already got. The plaintiffs were highly re spectable ship and insurance brokers of this city, and they had dealt wi th defendant u p on t he faith of his being of age. He himself stated so, and it was a scandalous thing that merchants in the city of London should be so deceived by a person in this manner. Mr. Thos. Loden said—l known defendant, and have known him four or five years. I have had business dealings with him on his own account since I have known him. He had an office in Cross-street, and traded as T. Forster and Co. One day we had a conversation in the autumn of 1860, and he said " I have just turned 22. my transactions with him were large. He was a merchant. lam a cornfactor. lam 28. I began business in 1858. Cross-examined—Hc was debtor when he said he was 22, and I dealt with him afterwards, but I should not have done so had I known he was under age. Mr. Day then quoted a case recently decided by Mr. Commissioner Kerr as to the privilege and liabilities of an infant trader in the city of London, bat his lordship said he was not awt.re of any custom or law by which an infant trader could be made liable in this City. Mr. Day admitted that he had no authority but the report for the jury 11, say in the City Press, and, after Mr. Joyce had replied, Ills Lordship summed up, and said that the father was \ bound to tell the truth, and could not be blamed. It was e defendant which side was most to be believed, the Family Bible and Mr. Forster, sen., or the witness called by plaintiffs. the jury naa a c t on w s i u th l te N d .e , ry an g d re t a h t e r f e c g r r e e m t 7 said, " We find for Ills L ord , . 11, P—All honest men must feel in that way. M g r ' 131 tbor, Archbishop of Paris, is at present on a visit to Blois. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Hornirnan' 8 pure Tea; very choice at 3s. 4cl. and 43. "High Standard'' at 4s 4d" (formerly 4s. 81), is the s trongest and most delicious i t o wn supply it in packets. mported. Agents in every [ADVERTISEMENT.I-41 0 11 ONVar , p. —anagement of nealth.—The complex composition 4'.M to produce of the functions of the human body are ever te the d -de z licacy aiitte.. This disease unless the blood be maintained inna tending to most desirable object can be accomplished P b u y re use of these purifying pills, which have the regulating the stomach, liver, and bowels. These pills also of a alteratives, tonics, and gentle . aperients ; they overcome flatulence, loss of appetite, biliousness, constipation, and many other inconveniences wifich should never be aeglected for fear of worse results, sr..-1, - iPTEmtw , , s N , SAT U ILV IL .74 - 6 c,,„ 6c,,„ The Dzstruction of Small Birds. The eminent ornithologist, Edward 'Wilson, has recently addro7sed the fol!owing admirable com munication to our leading contemporary : In a retired corner of the French department of the In ternational Exhibition there lay a long row of mysterious and rather dingy specimens, which, in spite of their unat tractive appearance, well deserved a study, even in the msur idst of the bright and beautiful objec ts b y which they were rounded. They consisted of a very numerous collection of the stomachs of bird, with their contents spread out on sheets of paper, with a written description of their contents, the time of the year in which the bird was taken, and other par ticulars. They were the work of M. Florent-Prevost, the celebrated French naturalist, who for 30 years has been prosecuting, his inquiri, s of this kind, and endeavouring to convince his countrymen of the suicidal folly of which they are guilty in the persistent and indiscriminate slaughter of these beautiful little creatures. In taking steps to impress particularly upon our younger people in Australia the mistake they commit in destroying these birds which we are taking such trouble to introduce among them, I have put myself in communication with this kind-hearted and enlightened philosopher, and by his aid I have prepared a tolerably complete list of what is eaten during each month of the year by the more common of our birds. And, I think, that this list is worth study at home, when the destruction of small ',birds by poison and other means is attracting Parliamentary notice, and the undenied facts aro brought before the public of whole tracts of forest land laid waste, and whole countries reduced to famine by the thoughtless removal of the only effective check upon the ravages of the insect tribe, we really ought to dwell upon that point. The little bird is our only safeguard against a pest, which but for it would soon become evei whelp:ling. As Michelet very well says—" The bird can live without the man, but the man cannot live without the bird." Were we all to resolve ourselves into one great sparrow club we should all in a few years perish from famine. I trust, then, that this list would be found useful, and I would suggest to parents and teachers particularly that it might advantageously be cut out and preserved for future use, that the minds of young people might be properly im pressed with the ideas of the usefulness as well as beauty of the pretty little things that enliven our hedge rows and hop across our paths. Long-eared owl—January, February, and March, mice— April, cockchafers—May, rats, squirrels, and cockchafers— June, meal worm, beetles, and shrew ,mice—July, :mice, ground and other beetles--August, shrew and other mice— September, October, and November, mice. Short-eared Owl—January, mice—February, harvest mice—March, mice—April, crickets and harvest mice— May,shrew mice and cockchafers--June, beetles—July,field mice and birds—August, field and shrew mice—September and October, field mice and beetles—November, common and field mice—December, mice, spiders, and wood lice. Barn Owl—January and February, mice —March, April, May, and June, field mice—July and August, mice—Sep tember and October, field and shrew mice —November, mice and the black rat—December, mice. . _ Rook—January, field mice and larva) or grub of cock chafer—February, field mice, grub of cockchafer, and red worms—March, grubs and chrysolids—Anril, slugs, worms, and chrysolids—May, beetles, grubs, prawns, and wire worms—June, cockchafers, eggs of birds, and wood-boring beetles—July, young birds, beetles, &o.—August, birds, field mice, weevils, crickets, and grasshoppers—September, grubs and worms—October, grasshoppers, ground beetles, and young anirnals—November, young rabbits and different insects and grubs—December, different animals and decay- ins . substances. I s lagpie.—January, grubs of cockchafers, young beetles, and cern and seeds—February, the seine, and berries— March. the same—April, crickets, water rats, and mice— May, cockchafers, glowworms, and fruits—June, the same, and weevils—July, beetles and field !nice—August, birds' eggs and weevils—September, beetles, worms, barley, and grasshoppers—October, grossheppers, carrion beetles, and green locusts —November,grasshoppers and kernels of fruits —December, grubs of cockchafers, young rabbits, and berries. Jay—January, grubs of cockchafers, acorns, and berries — February, chrysolids, and differentgrams and seeds—March, andgrubs, n insects,us mails--May, e c a o t c , k a e nd ha fer s barley—April,anci llocusts—June, st gr ubs s Ju of e e b g e g e t s l e o s birds, cockchafers, and beetles—July, young birds, flies, and beetles—August, the same, acorns, grubs, and dragon flies --September, the same and fruits— October and November, beetles, slugs, snails, and grain—December, the same, haws, hips, &c. Starling.—January, worms, grubs of cockchafers, and the dung of animals—February, grubs, snails, and slugs —March and April, grubs of cockchafers and snails—May, the same, and grasshoppers and fruits—June, lines, and grubs of various flies and fruits—July, grubs, fresh water shell fish, and fruits—August, flies, glow worms, and various beetles and fruits—September, green locusts, grubs of car rion, beetles, and w, rms—October, worms and beetles— November, snails, slugs, and grubs—December, hips, , haws, and buds of trees. Golden Oriole—January, various chrysolids. February, chrysolids and worms. March, grubs, and beetles. April, ground beetles and weevils. May, betties, moth.:, butter flies, and grubs. June, grubs, grasshoppers, bees, and cherries. July, cheerios and beetles. August, weevils, chrysolids, fruits, and worms. September, beetles, grubs, worms, and fruits. October, grubs, herbs, chrysolids, berries, and barley. November, ants and worms. Crested Hoopoe—January, worms, grubs, and snails— February, March, and April, the same and birds—May, flies, dragon flies, and grubs of May-fly—June, water and land snails, flies, S.:3.—July, August, September, the same and wood-lice—October and November, snails, flies, and spiders—December, the same and worms. Green Woodpecker—January, ants—February, worms and grubs of ants—March, slugs, beetles, and grubs of ants— April, ants and worms—May, red ants and grubs of wasps —June, Lees and ants—July, red ants—August, red ants and worms—September, ants and worms—Otober, grubs of ants—November, grubs of ants and bees—and December, ants, Reed Thrush—March, grubs and insects—April, aquatic grubs—May, grubs of house and dragon flies—June, worms, grubs, flies, and May flies—July, beetles and dragon flies—August, worms, eggs of insects, and beetles —and September, aquatic insects. Great Titmouse—January, beetles and eggs of insects— February, grubs—March, winter ensile, beetles, and grubs —April, cockchafers, beetles, and bees—June, cockchafers, flies, and other insects—July, the same—August, insects and fruits—September, seeds, grasshoppers, and crickets-- October, berries—and November, seeds. Blackbird—January and February, seeds, spiders, and chrysolids—March, worms, grubs, and buds of trees— April, insects, worms, and grubss—May, the same and cockchafers--June, the same and fruit—July, August, Sep tember, all sorts of NI orms and fruit—October, grubs of b u tt er flies and worms—November, and December, seeds . and chrysolids. Skylark—January, seeds of wild plants—February,seeds and corn—March, various insects, worms, seeds, and corn —April, insects, beetles, and corn—May, flies and various insects —June, grasshoppers,w urns and corn—July, crickets and grasshoppers—August, insects, corn, and seeds of weeds—September, seeds, worms, and barley—October, November, seeds, corn, and berries—December, seeds of wild plants. Redbreast—January, insects, worms, and chrysolids— February, insects, worms, and wood lice—March, chryso lids, and worms—April, moths. eggs of insects, and cock chafers—May, grubs and beetles—June, flies, moths, spi ders, and worms—July, moths, butterflies, and wood lice— Angust and September, the same and worms—October, eggs of insects and aquatic insects—November, worms and chrysolids—Dec., chrysolids, grub, and eggs of moth. Nightingale—February, grubs and worms—March, the same and chrysolids, and ground beetles—April, flies, meal worms, beetles, and red worms—May, butteiflies, cockcha fers, weevils, and grubs—June, spiders, wood-boring beetles, and worms—July, worms, grubs, eggs of locusts, grasshoppers, moths and flies—August, locusts, glow worms, weevils, and grubs—September, locusts, beetles, worms, and dragon flies—October, grubs, worms, and beetles—November, flies and worms. Linnet—January, February, March, and April, seeds and berries—May, June, July, August, and September, the same and insects—October, November, and December, berries, seeds, buds of trees, and fruit. Chaffinch—January, seeds, berries, and kernels of fruit — February, the same and corn—March, the same and in sects—April, moths, flies, and insects of various kinds— May, cockchafers, grubs, and eggs of insects—June, the same and wild fruit—July, the same and grubs of beetles— August, moths and butterflies—September, eggs of insects, worms, and seeds—October, wood-boring beetles and in sects—November, seeds—December, seeds and buds. Greenfinch—January, February, and March, seeds, berries, wild fruit, worms, &c.—April, May, June, July, and August, the same and insects—September, October, November, and December, seeds, berries, worms, wild fruit, &C. The sparrow only lives near the habitations of man. It var ies its food according to in a o d circumstances. In a wood it village it feeds on seed., lives on insects and seeds itsomeliv e s o n otherel l kinds of debris. But &c cockchafers .; ina city an i d gra in, and larvsa of buttperrflefieesr,s insects to all other food. In looking over th is list F criticallyior entPrevost r o e u v r o sp B7 h arr as ow her k e ill a e n r d s will probably think tha t M. there allowed the advocate ra ther to interfere with the And in his zeal to show it is notorious that birds consume. destroyed by his little philosopher, and they may miss some articles of food which the amazing quantity of insects perhaps scarcely accords with our less accurate proteges, the proportion of fruit, grain, &c , inspection, and we Still these results are obtained by actual has been found. may be sure that everything enumerated . also observation. eonsum ed A in n F d r w ee e e m e a u e st d r t e h m e e t mthbeerfotohda.totfhheisredeeswpiellriemlwenatyss w he e r l e ar m g a e d v e influenced by local peculiarities. It is worth mentioning that a study of M.Florent Pr:;os. deal specimens showed another important fact ranging the a b ove li st; t h at many bi r d s, name l y, d living a good upon grai n , f ee d t h e i r young ent i re ly on i ns ects, so that t they aro serving u admirably in this way at a MUM' who insects are most rife, even when the examination of their own stomachs would lead as to denounce them as little better than mere plunderers. And here I would draw attention to the value of another set of experiments recently reported in the papers, aisug gestive of the incredible quantity of insects destroyed by such agencies. A gentleman took some young robins and fed them himself, weighing them and their food accurately day by day, to discover what quantity a young bird required to keep it in a growing and healthy condition. As he went on he became more and more astounded at the result, and he found that taking the commonearthworra, as a representative of the food, the daily supply required to keep a young robin in its highest health, laid end to end would reach the almost incredible length of 11 feet. This seems amazing, but those will not hesitate to believe it who have watched the incessant activity during the long hours of a summer's day of a pair of birds with a nest of young. Rut let us put this and that together when we wish pro perly to estimate the services of this invaluable little thief catcher, and with a true conception of the part ho has fo play among us, let us do what we can to save him from the wanton shot and cowardly poison.—l am, Sir, your obedient servant, EDWARD WILSON. Reform Club. resolutions on the following Fubjects :-1. On alterations in the Act of Confederation and its supplements. 2, On the Budget of the Band. 3. For the establishment of " gene ral features for the legislation of the separate ~: itates," in regard to matters connected with the press, the right of association, the right of domicile, and of all matters of com mon interFt which may at some future time be brought under the direct influence of the Band,'' Bids relative to an alteration of the constitution of the Bund, to a supplement to the same, or to the matters which have hitherto been settled by the legislative bodies in the separate States, can only be passed by a majority of at least three-fourths of the members of the Federal As sembly. [Originally it was four-firths, but several mem bers of the Congress spoke in favour of a majority of three fourths.] The Federal Assembly, like th 3 Directory, has a right to bring in bills, but if a bill contains propositions for an alteration of the constitution of the Bund, or of a supple ment to the same, it must, before it can to brought in, have the approval of at least three-fourths of the members of the -Assembly:l Art. 21. In all matters which concern the separate States rather than the Band, the Federal Assembly has only a right to deliberate and mediate. Art. 22. In all Federal matters the Chamber of Dele gates has a right to make representations and complaints. OF THE ASSEMBLY OF PRINCES. Art. 23. As a rule the Assembly of Princes will meet after the close of the ordinary and extraordinary sittings of the Chamber of Delegates. The Emperor of Austria and the King of Prussia will together invite the Princes to assemble. The Princes may be represented by members of their respective families. [lt was proposed to let the mediatised German Princes have two representatives in the Assembly, but the motion was set aside.] Art. 24. The Princes to deliberate as independent Sove reigns, who are on an equality with each other, Art. 25. The Assembly of Princes takes into considera tion the results of the deliberations of the Chamber of De puties, and finally disposes of the propositions made by the sarae.l It orders the promulgation, by the Directory and by the separate State, of the acts it has sanctioned. It exa mines into the representations and complaints of the Cham ber of Delegates. It can take into consideration proposi tions for the reception of new members in the Confede ration, and for a change in the right of voting of its present members. * This paragraph led to several animated and even angry discussions. The passage quoted is said to have been introduced at the express request of the King of Hanover. It was privately agreed that no Bill should receive the sanction of the Assembly of Princes unless with the full consent and approval of all its members. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMEs.—If our readers would like to contemplate a pleasant picture of happiness and prosperity, we recommend them to the speeches of Sir Charles Wood and Mr. Roebuck at the Sheffield Cutlers' Feast. It was certainly a happy regulation which prevented the speakers from referring to party poli tics, and led them to reflections on the general state of the country. Drawn off by this means from par ticular grievances, and compelled to contemplate the general features of our condition, every one was carried away into expressions of enthusiastic con tentment. The dullness, if not inactivity, of the late Session of Parliament seemed only an argument that there was very little to do; that the interests and institutions of the country had been placed by the exertions of the last few years in such a healthy and natural condition that they merely required to be left free to their unfettered development ; and that Ministers of both parties were now so equally able and energetic that it did not much matter which party was in power. And when Sir Charles Wood was led on to reflect that this comparative equality In successive Administrations arose from their being all more or less controlled by the supe rior power of public opinion, " aided and enlight ened," and—we must add—expressed by the press, he found it impossible, in the face of the prosperity he was witnessing, to view the new power with any jealousy. It was in itself a subject for congratulie tion that the Secretary of State for India should be able to speak in terms of satisfaction and hope of the prospects of that hitherto unmanageable, or un managed, dependency. The gloom which had fallen on " the sister country" was the only piece of shadow in the picture. Wherever else our eyes were directed, at home or in our vast dependency, nothing but prosperity and contentment met the view of the speaker. Nor can it be said that there was anything exaggerated in the brightness of the picture. The Master Cutler, we are sure, gave his guests a very good dinner, and they were, no doubt, the more disposed to take a bright view of things in general by their own sense of internal satisfaction. But the dinner did not disturb their mental digestion, and their reflections were perfectly sober. It is as true, as it is gratifying, that the trade of the country as a whole was never more prosperous ; that we have solved the most (Moult problems of government at home, and are fast solving them in In - lia. To illustrate and demonstrate the argument it was only necessary for Mr. Roebuck to compare our condition with that of almost any other country in the world. Mr. Roebuck's admiration for the Emperor Napoleon did not prevent his pointing out the absence of freedom in France. The Germans are still Struggling to effect a unity in their Father land which we have lone ago attained. Austria "is in the very throes of establishing a Constitu tion," while we have enjoyed an equable and a strong one for more than a century and a half. Prussia is still suffering from the caprices and ob stinacy of Divine right, a malady which we passed through safely a hundred and fifty years ag-). Rus sia, bleeding with a great revolution, and America, torn to pieces with civil war, and breaking up in anarchy, despotism, and blood, completed the dark background, and loft the eye resting in relieved contentment on the quiet and brightness of the immediate and present foreground. We live, indeed, it sometimes seems, in a sort of "happy isle," far from the confusion, the clamour, and the darkness of the Old and New Worlds. But, though it is wise and useful occasionally to encourage our exertions and enhance our contentment by these pleasant re flections, they ought to be balanced by a caution. It will not do to talk or think as if the happiness of this country had come by fate or chance, or as if prosperity were tied to our chariot-wheels. We are blessed, indeed, with almost every physical as with every moral and intellectual advantage which can give the means of wealth and insure the attainment of happiness. But, though we are less liable to the dangers which threaten other people's pros perity, we are not secure from them. We cannot depend on our commerce being always self-support ing, our manufactures always vigorous, or our lands always productive, We do not refer to any prospect of failure in our trade or of blight in the produc tions of the earth. The operations of nature are uniform on the whole. There is the same balance in the productions of the earth which philosophers are constantly tracing in the amount of force always in play, in the fall of rain, the change of seasons, and the apparent confusion of the atmos phere. Now that our trade is free to adapt itself to the varying operations of nature, we need have no fear but that a deficiency in one direction will always be balanced sooner or later by a correspond ing increase in another. If no artificial disturbances interfered with the ordinary play of natural causes we might give ourselves up to the healthy work and the enthusiastic enjoyment of the present, care less of the future and unconcerned for our own or our children's safety. HERALD.—Mr. Seward has attempted to enlist the sympathies of Europe on the side of the Northern States in the American civil war. He undertakes to convince our statesmen that the North has gained such great advantages over its enemy during the past year that it will be impos sible for the South to continue the strife much longer. We may therefore look forward at some distant period to a reconstruction of the Union and a settled state of things. Peace in America is understood to be the wish of Europe, which has suffered much, and may suffer much yet, from this deplorable war. If we wish to hasten this peace we have only to refuse our sympathy and withdraw our support from the South. If we leave the two sections of the late Uni on alone, they will speedily contrive, says Mr. Seward, to " arrange their domestic controversies," Now we need n t pause to argue that this p resumption that the North a ' e is able to subdue the South is founded on false l pre mises, or at all e vents on insufficient data. v e need not point out what must co b u eo t bviousto every one, a conquest that supposing su c h possible, the recon struetion of the Union on its old base does not necessarily follow, All this has been so often ' reiterated that we will say no more about it just at present. What we would ask is this—What right. has this Sec re t ary to assume that the Governments of Europe are so deaf to every claim of justice and morality as to measure all national quarrels by the rule of their private interests, or to give their countenance only to the successful side ? If we believe the South to be in the right ; if, from the commencement of the struggle, we have sympathised with the South, can our judgment be altered by the issue of a hundred battles, or our sympathy be sup posed to wane with the declining fortunes of the cause ? We wish for peace it is true ; but we loathe the very thought of the peace which Mr. Seward anticipates. To exterminate the Southern men, to ruin the southern commerce, to make a desert of the Southern land, this would be doubt less to make an end of the war. Kind words do but little for a people in such extremity, but if any sym pathy of ours could avert such a catastrophe, it is not to be supposed that we should refuse it. We wish all success to the South, and confusion to its enemies—the triumph of a people that is doing battle for tho rights which it inherits from its brave encestore, the overthrow of a reckless fac tion that would trample on those rights and abro- I gate the liberties of America. Tois is the only issue of the war that honest and generous men in France and England can anticipate without alarm. Mr. Seward will never peremade them to desire any other. The apologist of Mr. Lincoln would reply to all that is said about the rights of the case by affirming that the Southern movement was a rebel lion against constituted authority which it behoved the Government of the United States to repress by all the means in its power. Disdaining, however, to discuss this question, as being irrevalent just now, he makes au appeal to the interests of France and England, which he thinks should induce them to look for the success of the North as the only prospect of peace. On this ground, too, we are ready to meet him. It is curious that a pamphlet has appeared in Paris almost at the moment of the publication of his letter, which gives the coup de grace to his argument as fir as France is concerned. brochure on " France, Mexico, and the Confe derate States," although it bears no name, is be lieved to express the views of the French Court. The title of the pamphlet points out the line which it takes. Fiance has made a great conquest in Mexico, and wishes to establish a durable empire in the lately distracted southern part of the North American Continent. Had there never been any civil war in the States this conquest would, in all probability, not have been completed without an armed interference on the part of the American Government. The reconstruction of the Union, could it ever take place, would leave the Northern Government at liberty to carry out its views in Mexico, and those views are notoriously opposed to the domination of any European Power. The silly boast of a former American President is actually held to be a state maxim at Washington. The so called " Monroe doctrine" denies the right of any European Government to acquire territory in America, and is of course opposed, to a French or Austrian empire in a country which Americans have long regarded as their peculiar prey. The Northerners, as might have been expected, have fulminated a variety of useless anathe mas against the French conquerors and the pro ciamation of the Mexican Empire. So long as the South forms a barrier between them and Mexico they have no mere power to interfere in the politics of that country than in those of New Zealand. Meanwhile the South, for reasons which it is not d!fficult to understand, is disposed to hail the French conquest, and to give a warm welcome to the sol diers with whom it would willingly establish still closer relations. Their position in Mexico, and their common feeling of antagonism towards the North as far as regards affairs in America, give the French an additional motive foesympathising with the South. Even before the Mexican conquest seemed probable the French Government had been strongly disposed to recognition and even to an alliance with the South. This disposition is now so far strengthened that the civil war between the States seems likely ere long to enter into a new phase, and to receive a solution somewhat different from that so confidently predicted by Mr. Lincoln's Secretary of State. The writer of the pamphlet to which we have alluded urges the immediate recog nition of the Confederate States by France. An active alliance with the South is more than hinted at. The other European States will follow the ex ample of France. The American question must then be " thoroughly settled." "The Northern States will no longer persevere in a hopeless struggle, and the war navy of France is an argu ment which, if need be, would effectually support the work of her diplomacy." The Great Powers of Europe have too long been the listless sp ec t a t ors of this deplorable civil contest. We be'ieve, and we think most men in France and England agree with us, that the time has now come when they have a right to make their voice heard in the settle ment of American affairs. It will do much credit to the sagacity of the Emperor of the French if it should appear that he is alive to the advantage of being the first to do the right thing—the first to claim the friendship and alliance of a people that will have abundant opportunity to prove its gratitude We shall regret that our own country was not the foremost in the expression of a generous regard for a people that far more than its Northern foe is allied to us in blood and feeling. It cannot be denied that our interests pointed all in that direction, In the South is a supply of what we want—a market for what we sell. The South would pour its cotton into our ports, and receive our manufactures without pro , ibitary tariffs. England and the South are :nude to be mutually assistant, mutually dependent. There is nothing but jealousy and ill-blood between us and the North, while the South, for all our cold treatment, looks upon us as friends and brethren. We have thrown away a magnificent opportunity, and spurned an alliance which would have been so great a gain on both sides. If the Emperor Napo leon should step in to accept this alliance, and avail himself of all the privileges to which the first corner has the best claim, we cannot possibly find hull( with him, as we have only ourselves to blame for it. POST.—Of reports presented by order to either of the departments of Government, and circulated in the form of blue books, or other State printed papers, few have been impressed with features of so much general interest as those affecting the conditions of public health. This is a matter that touches the self interest of everybody. It is one in respect of which the statement may be confidently made that the more we study it the more do we become enthralled. Fear and hope, the two most powerful human influ ences, become awakened; fear of violating conditions proclaimed by experience as necessary in the ma jority of cases to health preservation, and hope that by heeding admonitions, and, acting in accordance with their promptings, we may escape the evils which adoption of the opposite course might have probably induced. Apart from the intrinsic popu larity of this class of subjects, however, much of the public appreciation they have secured is due to the well-reasoned and concise manner in which the health officer, Mr. Simon, has year after year drawn up his sanitary bulletins. The last of these documents, just issued for the use of the Privy Council, possesses even more interest than most of those antecedent, because of the prominence it gives to the result of eating diseased animal food. The facts stated are not new ; in which, indeed, consists much of their value. Physiologists have long been cognisant of them ; indeed, the professional revela tions made relative to that section of them which concerns the development and dissemination of entozoa, or internal parasites, must be numbered amongst the most interesting, as well as the best attested, in the entire range of comparative anatomy and physiology. The public interest of Mr. Simon's attestation consists in this : Quitting domains strictly professional, he brings the topic of entozoic development practically home to each and every one of us. To epitomise the subject in a few words, the case stands thus; Life and death are not condi tions so obviously distinct as people are wont to imagine. The Abyssinian, as Bruce, the traveller, recorded long ago, procures a rump-steak in a dis gusting and—humanity considered—a most repre hensible fashion. With a sharp knife he cuts out a steak from the living animal, and eats it raw. As to the sentiment of the thing there can be only one opinion —the custom, is horribly repulsive. But —sentiment apart and the objection of cruelty dis posed of—is there any other objection to the Abys sinian custom ? Yes ; nature revolted vindicates her decencies. The Abyssinian steak, dead so to speak quoad bovine life, holds nevertheless, if not always, yet in many cases, living germs so exceed ingly small that not even the microscope could reveal them. Ingested, however, they reveal their presence soon enough—tapeworm being the conse quence. No known people on the face of the earth are so affected as the Abyssinians with this deadly parasite, so that were it not for the circumstance that every efficient remedy, koufsoo, grows in Abyssinia, and is plentifully used, it seems as though the whole race of Abyssinians would be swept away. Pursuing the topic, it is well known to physiolo gists that animated germs of size inconceivable small may be present in thousands of cases when at little suspect them. They may find their way into the system through water drunk and fruit and salads eaten rag ; but animal food is the vehicle of ingestion in which they are chiefly to be appre hended. It is a peculiarity of certain of these ani mated germs that in some cases they assume one form of entozoic development, in others another ; the resuA partly depending on the species of animal that has ingested them, and partly on the specific organism in which they may have found their final lodgment. Thus a microscopic threadworm, known as the trichina spiralis, infests the muscular or fleshy parts of animals ; and, according to the authority of Mr. Gamgee, quoted by Mr. Simon, it hes been discovered quite recently that the presence of this worm may bring the muscular flesh of swine into such a state that a small portion eaten raw will suffice to destroy life. The same authority—M r . Garrigee—expresses his belief that there are between forty and fifty thousand measly pigs in Ireland, most of which come to Great Britain for consump tion ; and his impression is, that for every m easly pig in the hingdom there is at least one human being afflicted with tape-worm. The general facts to which the specific observations just noticed refer are, we repeat, not new ; hence their greater signi ficance. They admonish each and every one of ns to aid in whatever way may be possible the giving effect to the supervision of officers of public health. To sum up the main facts known as the laws of entozoic presence and development, it seems, firstly, k a e n d r . vhere, every- N t v h h a e t r t e h ; e hnuotx ithatou noxious igue animals ms nim ila s y m b a e r y afflicted with certain c haracteristic diseases they attain their maximum; that sufficient application of culinary heat wilt certainly destroy them ; but so many fil th° sufheieney of heat is s t a nces occur in which :i~a~c~+:~is~ neither applied nor applicabli?, a 8 to tilatetla; , .y lessen the confidence which might be placed in this preventive; that finally, sentiment apart, mere considerations of health regarded, known forms of food in which these germs abound should be shunned as being so much poison. Here at this point We might expatiate on the grouse disease, always accompanied as it is, most probably mused, by p'rasatic entozoa—tape-worms, in point of fact. e 'ive stated enough, however, for the occasion. Every one concerned—and who is not ?—may apply the facts mentioned to his own particular case. COUNTRY MARKETS. LIVERPOOL-FRIDAy. At this da's market there was a quick sale for good red American wheat, which closed fully 2d to 3d per cents' dearer than the extreme rates of Tuesday. White wheat unaltered in value. New oats arrive slowly ; old were more saleable. Barley, beans, and peas all brought full prices• Indian corn in good request. Flour quiet. THE FRANKFORT CONFERENCE, The following is a complete analysis of the Reform Act which has been signed by the members of the Confederation : P,EFORM OF THE GERMAN BLIND, AS PROPOSED DY THE CONGRESS Op PRINCES HELD AT FRANKFORT Art. 1. The objects of the German Confederation are : The maintenance of the security and power of Germany in regard to foreign countries; the maintenance of public order at home, the furtherance of the interests of the German na tion, &e. Art. 2. A Directory to be formed for the management of the affairs of the Confederation. A Federal Council to be formed of the plenipotentiaries of the Government. An as sembly of Princes to meet at stated periods. A Federal Court of Justice to be established. Art. 3. The Directory of the Bund to consist of six ""ices" —of the Emperor of Austria, of the King of Prussia, of the King of Bavaria, of the Kings of Saxony, Hanover, and Wurtemberg, who shall alternately be in the Directory for the period of one year ; of a representative of the Grand Duke of Baden, of the Elector of Hesse, of the Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt, of the King of Denmark (for Holstein and Lauenburg), of the King of the Netherlands (tor Lux emburg), of the Duke of Brunswick, of the Grand Dukes of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz, and of the Duke of Nassau; and of a representative of the Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar, of the Duke of Oldenburg, of the Dukes of Saxe•Meiningen, Saxe-Altenburg, Saxe-Coburg- Gotha, and Anhalt • of the Princes of Schwarzburg-Son derhausen, Schwar ' zburg-Rudolstadt, Liechtenstein, Wal deck, Reuss of the elder line, Reuss of the younger branch of the family, Schaumburg-Lippe, Lippe-Detreold, of the Mar; rave of Hesse-Homburg, and of the four free cities. Members 5 and 6 of the Directory to be elected for one year. As a rule the members of the Directory will be represented by a Plenipotentiary, but they reserve to them3elves the right of appearing in person on extraordinary occasions. Art. 4. The Federal Council to be composed of the 17 "voices" of the Engerer Rath (Smaller Council). But as Austria and Prussia are now to have three votes each, the number of voices in the Federal Council will be 21. _ rec A ti r o t n .s o . f A eff is ir tr s i . a to preside in the Directory and in the Federal Council, but if the Austrian Plenipotentiary should be unable to appear P russ i a i s t o t a k e th e ch a ir. No other to have th e privilege is attached to the Presidency than the formal di • majority, All the resolutions of the Directory to be taken by a s i mple major i ty o f vo t es . Sh o uld th e vo t e s be equal', divided, th e p a rty with which the representative of the Dukes, P r i nces, an d f ree c iti es votes will be understood The resolutions o f the Federal Council will bo taken by a si mple majority of -.rotes, except in certain cases which are mentioned below. The Plenipotentiaries in the Directory are bound to obey the instructions received from their respective Governments. The relations between the Directory and the separate Go- vernments will be maintained by their Plenipotentiaries in the Federal Council. The Military Commission of the Bund is subject to the Directory. The seat of the Directory and Federal Council is Franktort-on-the- Maine. Art. 6. The executive power of the Bund to be in the hands of the Directory. In some cases, which will be speci fied, the Directory is bound to consult the Federal Council, and to follow its opinions. Art. 7. In as far as Foreign. Powers are concerned the Directory is the representative of the Bund. The Directory to appoint th e di p l omat i c a gents of the Confederation. Art. 8. The Di rectory has to care for the exteraal secu rity of Germany, Should there be an y danger of an attack on the Confed era ti on, or o n any part o f the Federal terri tory, the Directory to take the necessary steps for the de-- fence of the same. No formal declaration of war can be made without the consent of two-thirds cf the voices of the Federal Council. Should there be danger of a war be tween a Foreign Power and a Federal St ate which . has pos sessions not belonging to the German Bund, the Directory must leave it to the Federal Council to decide whether the Bund will take part in the war. There must be a majority ep erorrti. na lilc od . i has been struck out.] of two-thirds of th e voices in the Federal Council before war can be decia red.° If the territory of the Bund is attacked by hostile forces, Germany, as a matter of course, is at war. The Directory has a right to take steps for restoring peace, but the condi tions must be ma de b y the Federal Council, and no peace can b 3 conclu ded unless with the consent of two-thirds of the voices of th e said Council. The Directory will have to up h o ld the neutra lit y of the Bund, in accordance with Art. 45 of the Ac t of Confederation. Should there be quarrels b e t w een Federal States and foreign Powers, the Director y has to act in accordance with the instructions contained in Arts. 35 and 37 of the Act of Confederation. Art. 9. Th e Federal Governments have to take care that peace and o rder are maintained in their States, but the di rectoryhas to see that the i nt e rnal p eace o f Germane , is not iz n d. [The s turbances" offensive passage in the d raug h t of the Reform Bill re lative to " precautionary m easures aga i nst possible The Directory has to see that peac e an d con - A cord prevail between the different members of the Bund. • Serious disputes to be referred to the Bundes-Gericht, the new Federal Court of Justice. Art. 11. In virtue of resolutions taken by the Federal Council the Directory to have the right to make proposi tions in legislative matters. No propositions for an altera tion of the constitution of the Bund, or for a supplement (Zusatz) to the same, can be made " unless unanimity prevail in the Federal Council." [ln the original project it was "unless there be a majority of 17 voices in the Federal Council," and the foregoing change was made at the express' request who are terribly afraid of being n eae diatised."] No resolution can be taken in regard o f the smaller potentates, to religious m atters unless wi th the unanimous conse nt o f th e members of the C onfederation. Art. 12. The p d r i e r p ec er t l o y ry n h ar a r s ie t d o see out, thatan and if rneesncelusetaiornys by means t the rtof Bund l 3 . are an adequate numb er o f t roops. The Directory to have the management of all the military matters of the Confederation. Art. 14. The Directory to have the management of the financial matters of the Directory. Every three years it will, with the approval of the Federal Council, lay before the House of Deputies the estimates of the ordinary and extraordinary expenditure of the Bond. Should the Direc • tory not be able to come to an understanding with the Chamber of Deputies in reap ct to the estimates, the sum expended during the preceding period to be disturbed 4 In order t o recover an unexpected outlay the Di' ectory may, without the consent of the Federal Council and the Chamber of Deputies, levy the sums required. It the Directory cannot come to an understanding with the National Assem bly, it has to give to that body a satisfactory explanation as to the cause of the extraordinary expenditure. Every three years the Directory has to lay before the Chamber of Depu ties its account of ways and means. Art. 15. The Directory to convoke, open, prorogue, close, and dissolve the Assembly of Federal Delegates. The Directory to represent tho Federal Governments vis-a•vis the Assembly of Deputies. OF THE ASSEMBLY OF DELEGATES. Art. 16. The Federal Assembly to be formed of dele gates from the representative bodies of the several German States. Austria to send 75 delegates from the members of the Reichsrath, who were elected in flee States belonging to the German Confederation, or from the members of the Diets of provinces belonging to the same. Prussia to send 75 delegates from the repre,entatives of the German provinces in the Prussian Diet. Bavaria to send 27 delegates; SaxonYr Hanover, and Wureemberg, 15 each; Baden, 12; Hessel- Cassel, 9 ; Hesse-Darmstadt, 9 ; Holstein and Lauenburg, 5; Luxemburg and Limburg, 4; Brunswick, 3; nee two Mecklenburgs, 6 ; Nassau, 4 ; Saxe-Weimar, 3 ; Saxe Meiningin, Saxe-Altenburg, and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, 2 each; Oldenburg, 3 ; and the other States 1 each. The Mar gravate of Hesse-homburg is also to have a representative in the Federal Diet. The four free cities will have two re presentatives instead of one, as was originally proposed. In States in which aro two Chambers the Upper house will elect one-third and the Lower House two-thirds of the dele gates. The Federal Assembly will consist of 302 persons. Art. 17. The delegates to be elected in accordance with the laws which are in force in the countries they are to re- present. The Assembly of Delegates to meet once in three years,+ and in the month of May. The Assembly can be prorogued by the Directory for a period not exceeding two months, and it is at liberty to adjourn for eight days. Should the Assembly be dissolved, the Directory has imme diately to issue orders for new elections. Art. 19. The Chamber of Delegates to elect its Presi dents, Vice-Presidents, and Secretaries; its sittings to be public. A House is formed when two-thirds of the dele• gates are present. As a rule a bill may be passed by a simple majority of votes. Art. 20. The Chamber of Delegates has a right to pass The original wording was "a majority of the voices in the Federal Council will decide whether the Bund shall interfere," and it was stongly objected to by the French and Italian Governments. t Ths stipulation renders the right given to the National Assembly to vote the supplies perfectly illusory, t The King of Saxony tried to persuade his fellow Sove reigns to allow the Federal Assembly to meet once a year, but Ile was outvoted. _ IVAKEMELD-FRIDAY. A fair quantity of now wheat came to hand to-day, the full prices of last week being realised. An improved de' wand for old sorts, but prices no higher. Beans in steady demand, and oats and shelling rather cheaper. STAMFORD-FRIDAY. White wheat, 42s to 46s ; red, 40s :to 44s per 38 stone• Barley, malting, 36s to 40s ; grinding,. 27s to 303 per qr• Oats, 20s to 25stper 24 stone. Beans, old, 42s to --0 per qr. ; now, 39s to —s. EXETE -FRIDAY. - - Wheat, white.. 6s 3d to Gs 4d I Barley 3 s Gd to 4s 34, Ditto red. .6s Od to 6s 3d Oats 2 s 9d t o 3s 0 5 Flour, fine, 35s to 36s ; scconds,l34s to —s per sack. CATTLE. Fat beef, p sc., 10s0d to 11s6d Ewes, per 11 , .... 51d to 61( 1 Pork carcases, is Od to 83 Od Wethers, do., „., 7d to ---cl Lamb, p 1b.......—d to —d Fat calves, d0..,6id told. Rough fat, 3d per lb. DUBLIN- A fair supply of new wheat at Tuesday's rates. TRIDAT. Lt, oats, bere, and rape to-dab - s. d. s. d. s. d. s• d ,,,' Wheat, white.. 21 0t026 0 B eans.. ..... — 0 to -- " Do., red .. 22 0t023 0 Bere . ll otol3 6 Do., new .... oto 0 Rapeseed .... —oto 0 Barley Oats Do., black — oto 0 Indian corn .. 27 oto2B 0 BRISTOL SUGAR -FRIDAY. The market this week has been rather dull, and sales have been confined to one cargo C u b es, at 2 15 , , to arr iYe . and about 300 hhds West Indian, oa the spot, at from 31s to 35s per cwt. Refiners' produce is less active, and in soar cases rather easier prices have been accepted. Rum in lair demand at late rates. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. TRAFFIC RECEIPTS FOR THE "WEEK. Miles Opened. Receipt 9. 1863. 1862 ' .£ 76 2 . 129 2,3 678 „"; 1,609 3 7,283 17,960 17. 40 ' 4 `,2•7 X lO 316 ;„1 251 7_,," 522 4 4 3 1,832 1 ., , E ' 7 1 421 486 1,624 — 7OO 1,814 1, 199 „ 5 2 772 2 T 0 5 9:101 331 3 :9 3,051 9,06) 8,75 3 30,436 2g, 03 0 31,801 31, *4 2,201 447 4- r3l " 9,752 ,0 68,185 6 3 . 4 q 3 1,815 I,',„ k 1,747 1 ., 1 ,1 3D,036 152 140 Tar 106,277 106,277 105,4,-4.2 2,06+ fZ ,I : fl 6 1 2 2 21516 1 6 ,:, , 344 6: 686 0 1 3 11300 0 73 8 2 2 1. 44 1,184 •'*• 1518 46, , 553 4 ,, y6; 4,333 4, 1, 1612 ‘1•7071-2 2,733 , Railways. 1863. 1862. Belfast and N, Counties 136 136 Belfast and County Down 49 49 Blyth and Tyne 2B 28 Bristol and Exeter 1214 1211 Caledonian Cockermouth& Workington B4 81 Cork and Bandon 2O 20 Cork, Blackrock, & Passage Ol 61 Cork and Youghal .. 321 27 Cornwall 531 531 Deeside l7 17 Dublin & Belfast Junction 63 63 Dublin, and Dro . !2,theda 75 63 Dublin and Meath Dub. & Wicklow and Wextd 5ll 481 Edir.bur.;ll and 6llasgow 1691 1694 Forth & Clyde Junction Furness, &c 5O 51 Glasgow & South-West•Tn Gt. Eastern,Nrik.,&E.Union 663 60 Great Northern 351 351 Great North of Scotland 5B 58 G t..Nortlin. & Westn. (Irel.) 7ll 161 '-3 t. Southn. & Westn.(lrlnd.) 8541 329 Great Western 10565 10181 Inverness & Aberdeen June.— 864 86 1 Irish North-Western 145 145 Lancashire & Yorkshire 3951 3951 Limerick and Ennis... 24/ 24/ Limerick and Foynes 264 264 Llanelly 461 461 London & North-Western Loudon and Blackwall 5l London & South-Western Loud. Brighton, &S. Coast 2611 211: London, Chatham, & Dover 721 724 1)o. Metropolitan Extension 104 44 Loud., Tilbury, & Southend Man.,Sheflield, & Lincolnsh Mauch. S.J un.& Altrincham. Maryport and Carlisle 2B 28 Metropolitan - Midland (incL N.-Western) 641 Midland GLlVestn. of Irind 2!)91 Monkland 7li Monmouthsh. Rail.& Canal 44 44 North British, Edin., Perth vt 0 9 and Dundee N-Eastern and Stock. & DarL 1095 10651 6 2 , ,, 2 34;2 North London 9 North Staffordshire Oswestry and Newton... 2 5 5 01 . 252 4 'B 3 -, ' 3 ' , : 3 0 9 , , t ; 1 : :2 3 0 (1 0 i - Ithyinney 194 19i 1," 8 2 •,55 St. Helen's Canal& Railway 52 52 2.1t5 • - ', l Scottish Central 9t .: Scottish North-Eastern l3B 11'4 6,120 5.- 6 , Somerset and Dorset 391 391 406 39 " South Devon ... .. 754 754 4.449 4,3 .9 South - Eastern 306 306 27,500 30,34, } Taff Vale 55 55 5,633 5, 61 ,1 6 at) Ulster Vale of C1wyd........ .1, Waterford and Kilkenny 3l 31 670 - 20 5 .1 Waterfbrd and Limeri c k 77 77 1, , 396 J . b g West Cornwall 271 27 1 002 "j) W. 11 artlepool Harbr.&RaiL IV'haven,Cleator,& Eg rmnt 7 7 585 2t 7 - Whitehaven Junction l2 12 745 71 g Whitehaven & Furness Jun 35 35 77 5 FOREIGN AND COLONIAL, 45 9 Antwerp and Rotterdam 52 52 1591 , 1 '169 A ustrian B2B 828 33 , 569, 19, 7 Belgian Eastern Junction 264 2 , 4 19 1 , 251 Bombay, Baroda, & Cen. I n di a 185/ 1324 2,712 '' 511 Buffalo and Lake Huron l6ll 1614 1,333 1 ; 3 1 Detroit and Milwaukie Dutch Rhenish ..•..- Eastern of France ...... 1078 1010 63,121 .'„,,,,i East Indian .... 932 0381 18,734 1,, `, ) - 7 4 Grand Trunk of Canada lO9O 1090 14,266 ll , „it Great Indian Peninsula 5331 4371 5,703 1, ; 1 0 Great Luxembourg ll4 134 4,8 1 0 4 ,,.;,. 8 Great Southeat cf India ...• 79 79 552 ''l Great Western of Canada 345 315 8,057 7 ,8 28 '1 Madrid, Saragossa &Alicant 499 435 16,965 16,0 Northern of Canada •••••••• • • 9 1 91 7,141 , 1 , , ,v/ Northern of France 697 691 59,857 ev„ , ",9/ Norwegian Trunk Ottoman Paris, Lyons, & Mediterrn 1491 1351 133,014 1 3 - , ,, 5 g Paris and Orleans l3lO 1201 65,943 65, ....• Pernambuco 774 452 8- 1 Royal Danish 69 &8 , 4 15 Sambre and Meuse 6B M 1,537 ... 0 3:3 South Austrian Southern of France ..... 777 777 31,917 2 4 °.g i Victorian l9O 151 9,572 ' 5 21 Welland ....... .... 25 25 637 ~, 0 West Flanders 75 75 1,221 3 13 IW. and N.W.W. of France. 758 758 63,938 .. „,, "' 6144 1921 Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. 1 3 ' Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton. . Sept. i. 2 . via Marseilles . f , dr azil and Cape Verde, by B r iti s h pac k et Oct. 'Ps' Cape of Good Hope, A scens i on , an d S t . H e l ena S ep t. i s, China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton Sept. 1 2, via Marseilles Sept. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton .................. Sept. Is. India India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via South ampton.. Sept" via Marseilles.... Sept. 10, (Bombay), via Southampton ...... Sept' .... . Sep 4, via Marseill es t . Portugal.... Oct; 5.10, Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton S O" ' 4 ' Newfoundland via ............ .. ............................Sept. Oporto and Vigo ............ U. S. and B r iti s h N . America, ty Brit. p ac k et .... Sept' 11' by U.S. packet.... t 4. 1 0 by Canadi an packet.SeP," , W.C. of Africa, M a d e i ra, an d T eneriffe .......... SeP" 04. Bahamas, via N ew Y or k SePt• ,s, Mexico •••• Sept. All parts of %V es t I n di es, i nc l u di ng Chili, Peru, 1 S e pt. 1 4 ' California. and British Columbia.. The Italian Opera at Sc. Petersburg opens ° ll the 15th of September. The chief singers are Mime. BarlA Signora Fioretti, who ran away from Covent-garden, be : cause she was cast for the Princess in " Robert le Diable , Mme. Didiee, and Mme. Bernardi. The tenors are T Bl2/ : berlik, Calzolari, and Giuglini ; the baritones and 190 e i i are Graziani, Everardi, Fortuna, 1116 0 , Fioraravanti. Births. BARNES.—On the 24 inst,, at Lichfield, the wife of A rthur Barnes,An.— O so n lic t i h to e r, 2 e d f son.a insttP at Hatfi e ld, th e w if e of l ` DR , „ a t, and Adjt. Drage, 85 t h Regt., of a dau g ht er . tbe Fine INS.—On th e 4 t h inst., at 29, Bru nsw i c k-square , wife of James Figgins, j un., E sq., of a daughter. wife Hu oi N . J.ro.--.-sei j O h n i t i h u e n 3 t, d o in f s a t. s , on a . t The Grove, Balboa]) t he u Marriages. BEARD—COOPER.—On the 3d inst , at St. Paul's) „ Il l: mersinith, Willi am Elliot, eldest . son of William Bea Esq., of Old-Broad -street, and the Old Kent-r° 3 '9O Frances, f ourt h daughter of John Cooper, Esq., °f tonville. „ • EVILINCTON—LONG.— un tile „ inst, at East , er cllo' Norfolk, Willi am D evas Evring ton,"Esq., of Dilli°lloo Hall, t o Latin. Isabell a , th e y ounger d aug ht e r of thu David Long, Esq., of the sain, place. Deaths. xplth DUPPIELD.— On the 3d inst., at Ascot, William Pu' - 0 (1 Esq of 4, Upper Phillimore-gardens, Kensington , 46. o f GILLESPIE —On the 3d inst., Robert Gillespie, Esck,' ; ll, 33, York-pl a ce. Pcrtman-square, and of Spring'" Lanarkshire, aged 79. GROVER. —On the 3d inst , James Grover, Esq., of SO, Denbigh-street, Pimlico, aged 63. HODGES,—On the 30th ult., at 38 , Argyle-street, gr. W Hodges, late of Judthstreet, aged 64. MACuENZIE,—On the 31st ult., at Hastings, Captain John Mackay Mackenzie, late 33d .Regt., aged 36. fo WlLLtAms.—On the 3tl inst., Mr. Willi am Williams , Cal 6 de I'Europe, Haymarket, 54. —no! _ London: Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDR, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TILE SUN office of Strand, In the Precinct of the Savoy, in the Cow l " kUtitllepex,7k3atur September 6, 1663. •` t r 1