The Sun. — London, England, 1830-04-26 00:00:00

of increas►ng one class of property, all description; of it should be equally vexed and burdened. Why suffer the conveyance of landed property to be a source of plunder to the attorney, or the testamentary disposition of assets to the proctor ? We are assured again that there is no time at which people can so well bear to pay money as when they are in the act of obtaining an accession of fortune. But suppose it should happen that a father of a family, having a life income of 1,0001. per annum, dies, leaving assets to the amount of 5,0001. among five children, is the hour of this parent's death, we would ash, precisely that at which his orphans can best afford to satisfy the demands of the Exchequer and of the proctors ? We point attention to the letter signed " An Exe c:itor," in the Times of this day.—Times. A strong Government is a great evil. We have an exemplification of this in those possessions of the British empire in which the Governor is indepen dent of all local controul, and can draw upon the resat', ces of the mother country when anything like resistance to his wishes is threatened. An indivi dual can know so little of himself, that where he has no means of learning the unbiassed sentiments of the population, he is sure to be the dupe of those by whom he is surrounded. Even if the Governor of a Colony were the best intentioned man in the world, he would still be an instrument in the hands of the evil-disposed to work much mischief. We are as'onished that those Members of Parlia ment who have some character for sagacity, and who can afford to be independent, do not urge more ear nestly than they do, the propriety of the Crown divesting itself of arbitrary power in the conquered colonies. A Lord Charles or Lord John, deeply read in the Game Laws, and skilled in the practices of Newmarket, but conversant in no other branches of knowledge, has a Colony assigned to 11;m, for the sake of the 10,0001. a year it produces. This indi vidual finds himself surrounded by sycophants, who flatter his prejudices for their own ends, and take good care that he should never hear from them that he is not possessed of absolute wisdom. He issues all manner of ridiculous Edicts and Proclamations, and gives to all who act under him a power to op press the people. In the South African Contmercial Advertiser, sin excellent Journal, there are some ad mirable illustrations of the impolicy of committing extensive and irresponsible powers to Governors. In the number of that Paper for February the 10th, eve have the following case : " A poor man crossing the Karoo, or some other desert in the district of George, discovered two eggs in the sand. Being hungry, he very naturally thanked Heaven for its goodness and bounty, and ate one of the eggs ; and being siinple well.dispoeed man, he carried the other as a present to the next Field Cornet. This officer, unfortunately for our friend, happened to be deeply read in Celonial Juris prudence, and instead of thanking hint for his politeness, as he felt a natural inclination to do, he arrested him in the King's maitre, and despatched him to the Drostdy, to be tried for a breach of a Proclamation made and pro vided for the better protection and preservation of eggs in general, and of the eggs of wild birds in particu lar. He was accordingly found guilty of having eaten an egg, and condemned to pay a fine of fifty rix-dollars, or to suffer a month's imprisonment. His Excellency the Governor, indeed—on the affair being duly represented to him, We believe, by the Magistrate himself, who saw the unutterable absurdity of the law which he was cornpelled to enforce—mercifully pardoned the delin quent, letting hem escape with the mitigated fine of one shilling, and an exhortation to show more reverence to any egg or eggs which he might afterwards discover in the wilderness. But in former times, an obnoxious'per son would have been compelled to pay the uttermost farthing. " Our readers will recollect something in the same line, still more characteristic of the late Government than even this Lilliputian hubbub about the eggs of birds. Nut many years ago a Proclamation was issued for the protection of Elephants within the Colony; that aristocratic beast having been subjected to divers insults from the inhabitants, in retalia tion for some trifling murders and damage done to their gardens. A gentleman then residing on the frontier, learned from the Gazette in the morning, that this harmless animal had nearly disappeared, and that above three or four, or some such number, could not be found on this side of the Fieli River ; and on crossing the country in the course of the same day, he fell in with a troop, which he is certain amounted to between two hundred and fifty and three 111114 , 4 ed in number.. We shall conclude with another illustration of the spirit of the late system. In 1816, we think, or it may be more recently, the Proclamation which offers rewards for the destruction of ravenous beasts and birds of prey was renewed, with some alterations. A reward was offered, among others, for the head of the jackal, an animal more mischievous to the sheep-farmer than the wolf itself, as it steals during the day, when the sheep are dispersed and feeding at a distance. In the same Vazette, and imme diately below the proclamation, an advertisement ap peared sigued by the President or Directors (or some *such people) of the fox hounds, cautioning all the King's subjects against killing or otherwise molesting this fine animal. And in the next Gazette the proclamation was cancelled, and another substituted in its place, from which the reward for the head of the jackal, or Cape fox, - was clipped out! These, and a hundred other follies, that could be men tioned, show the necessity of a thorough revisal of the Colonial Code. By a Legislature intimately acquainted with the colony, it could be most advantageously reduced to very few pages. In fact, the Ten Commandments, with a small *Amber of local inductions, would be suffi cient fur every honest purpose, provided they wire strictly enforced, and the great flies were not permitted to break through the web." In fact we do not believe even the Ten Command ments would be necessary in a country like the Cape. But how is it possible to persuade a man rent from England with 10,0001. a year, that he is of little use to the Colony ? His self-importance would instantly take the aiarm,if he were not allowed to busy himself about every thing in the Colony ? We have before us a brief but able sketch of Russia just published at Dresden, by an author who takes the name of E. Pabel, who has been thirty years in that country. In this publication we have a striking illustration of the evils of Government, that is of committing irresponsible powers to public func tionaries. Russia is a country, in which, for centu rie.s to come, there will be abundant loom for the population. Unfortunately the Government is strong, and chooses to regulate every thing through out the Empire. Let us observe the working of this. " It is an incontrovertible proposition (says Pabel), that speech, writing, and example, not merely promote the cultivation of individuals, but of stations. Of these three means the Government has almost wholly deprived the nation. Besides the usual Censorships, there is a Secret Committee at every principal post station, consisting of a Censor and four members; in the great towns the number of these functionaries is much greater. Such a Com mittee is occupied with breaking and reading all letters, writings, and packets. In the smaller towns eme ry post-master, or post-expeditor, has the same right. From the corrupt character of many of these functionaries, it may be imagined what melancholy abuses often flow from this right. No commercial undertaking, no family affairs remain unknown to these functionaries, and their accurate knowledge of all private af f airs furnishes them with means to use them to the advantage of themselves and their friends. This aba.t,e of what ought to be held so sacred diffuses throughout the land distrust and apprehen sion, awl prevents all freedom of communication between men of business, relations, and friends. Neither is there anything like unreserved mover, sation in private society. The number of secret police spice banish all joy from social parties."— What a contrast between this state of things and the freedom enjoyed in Sweden and Norway, or the United States of North America I. Dr. smith dwells on the virtue of an army as an instrument of civilization, and instances Russia. It would have been better, perhaps, for Russia, that Peter the Great had never lived, and that the Government had not outgrown the people. We may, in passing, ob serve that according to this author, the number of inhabitants in Russia is much greater than the cen suses make them. He says " It may be assumed with certainty,,that all the numbers in the empire are, for the most part, false, and that Russia con tains a far greater numbtx 'of inhabitants than that usually assigned to it. All the peasants, and the lower classes of burghers) must pay yearly a poll tax, and some other duties to the Government, which are calculated according to the numb;r of Males. This naturally opens a door to frauds. The Isprawnick, the head of the Circle, shuts his eyes, when a proprietor returns the number of his boors too low, for he can only hope to get on by being on a good understanding witt him." — Morning Chron. From the period in the progress of civilization, when the affairs of i community are confined to a separate class, there may be said to be a constant conspiracy on the part of the various branches of that class, the public functionaries, to promote their own interests at the expence of that of the public. Hence the paramount necessity of constantly watch ing over the expenditure of the public money. In England the conspiracy has been more systematic and more succe;sful than in any other country in the world. No where has the claim to be gorged at - - the expence of the public been put forth with so much effrontery. At home and abroad—in the Church or the State, there is nothing but profusion and waste. The amount of the superannuations is the most damning evidence that can be afforded of the impunity with which in this country the inte rests of the governing classes can be promoted at the expence of the interest of the community. The Revenue of the Church of Ireland alone is more than twice what ought to be assigned to the Ministers of religion throughout the British Empire. The notions of the governing class of this country are corrupt in the highest degree. Their avarice knows no bounds. Of the money paid into the Exchequer, the greatest part is devoted to what in most countries is con sidered the least essential branches of Government. Though the people of England pay out of all pro portion more into the Exchequer than the people of any other country, they pay separately for nearly all that in other countries is defrayed by the Govern ment, and constitutes the chief part of its expendi ture. However, we do not intend at present to enter on so extensive a field as the expenditure of the country. We intend merely to notice the inten tion which exists to increase the salaries of the Judges of the Court of Session in Scotland. Why, at a time, when the value of all commodities as measured by money, has fallen, when, of course, the existing salaries of the Scotch Judges can com mand more of the good things of this world than at any period since they were last raised, these salaries should be raised, is incomprehensible to us on any other principle than that of shameless prodigality. The author of the pamphlet from which we made co pious extracts on Tuesday, speaking with reference to this increase, observes, " Let it not be said that the smallness of the salaries renders it impossible for Government to select the most able Counsel to fill the office of Judge. What Counsel is now at the Bar who was offered and refused such promotion ? Where and by what means were the eminent men found who in past times adorned, and who now adorn the Bench ?" We have never been able to understand how giving large incomes increased either their disposition or their fitness to serve the public. What Sir Henry Parnell says with refer ence to the salaries of clerks, may, in a great mea sure, be applied to all public functionaries :—" The more the question of salaries is examined, the more fully it can be shown that high salaries are not only the source of a great burden on the public, but also that they actually contribute to make the clerks less efficient, and, consequently, to the employing of a greater number of them. There cannot be a greater mistake than the notion generally enter ed, that fitness will follow in proportion as the amount of the salary is high. Those persons who are will ing to work for a small remuneration always have the greatest relish for work ; and, therefore, giving low salaries will secure the filling of the offices with the most effectual clerks. On the other hand, when a clerk has a high salary, the less will be his acti vity, and he will be adverse to anything like the drudgery of office. He will possess a greater facility for enjoying pleasurable and other trivial occupations. He will have a greater facility of obtaining accom plices in his transgressions, and in finding supporters to shield him against being displaced, and against having his conduct thought disreputable. . . . . . As the great pretext for raising all sala ries to their present rates was :he depreciation of money, now that the value of it is restored, the public have a right to require a reduction to be generally made on a large scale." A sort of vague idea is afloat in certain classes that the great seen rity we have for the incorruptibility of our Judges is the largeness of their incomes. The security is not worth a pin's head. The probity of Judges is determined by very different causes, and were it not for the existence of these causes, greatness of income would only inflame their cupidity, and add to their means of securing impunity. In countries in which functionaries are regularly bribed—as in Russia, for instance—the higher the functionary,and the better paid he is, the more corrupt he is. The subject is handled in a most masterly manner by Mr. Mill, in his History of British India, when speaking of the Indian Reforms 1773. " The mode of appointing public functionaries (he observes),and the extent of their power, distinct from the motives to good or evil conduct, which operate upon them in the discharge of their functions, are evi dently of no avail. Upon the Governor and Coun cil in India, the motives to evil conduct, and the scope for its exercise, were, if not augmented by the new regulations, at any rate not impaired. They were previously debarred from the acceptance of presents, and the Governor from trade. Reliance for probity was placed, as it is too commonly placed, on the greatness of the salaries ; as if there were a point of saturation in cupidity ; as if the great power which great salaries confer was not the most effectual of all instruments for the undue acquisi tion of more ; and the most effectual of all in struments for covering such acquisition from in quiry or punishment. In as far then as the pro spect of impunity is a motive, and it is one of the strongest, so far great salaries do not take from, they add to the temptations to corruption. Even Burke, upon this particular, remarked, that ample sala ries removed the necessity, indeed, but by no means the inducements to corruption and oppression.' See Ninth Report of the Select Committee, 1781." 'The reason why Judges in England are not acces sible to bribery, is chiefly the danger with which bribery 'would be attended. In every country of Europe, direct bribery gives way to advancing civilization, and the Judge is reduced to the necessity of gratifying his avarice by less dan gerous means. Judges every where invented wha.. is called technical procedure, or the system which multiplies the movements of suitors, without referenee to the ends of justice, in order that many opportunities might be obtained for pillaging them in a less offensive manner. The same distinguished writer, whose work is an inexhaustible mine on all matters of government and jurisprudence, in con trasting the modes 'resorted to by Judges, in India and in England, for pillaging the public, observes : " It is instructive, and not difficult to trace the causes which gave birth to such different modes of judicial proce dure in the two countries. The difference arose from the different situation of the Judges. It arose from the differ ent means presented to the Judges of drawing a profit out of the business which they had to perform, In India, as the state of manners and opinions permitted them to re ceive bribes, they had no occasion to look out for any other deans of drawing as much money as possible from the suitors; ;;,nd therefore they allowed the course of inquiry to fall into the straight, the shortest, and easiest channel. In England the state of manners and opinions rendered it very inconvenient, and in some measure dangerous to receive bribes. The Judges were, therefore, induced to look for other means of rendering their business profitable tit themselves, The state of manners and opinions allowed them to take fees upon each of the different operations. It was, therefore, an obvious expedient to multiply these operations to excess—to render them as numerous, and rat only as numerous, but as ensnaring as possible; for, with a view to fees, it was of prodigious importance, after the operations had been rendered as numerous as possible, to create pretexts fur performing them twice over. This was easily done, by rendering the operations performed upon the suitors so nice and intricate, and equi vocal, that it was homily possible to observe them, in such a manner as to preclude exception; and by making it a rule, that as soon as any wisobservance was laid bold of by the Judge, the whole of the preceding operations, how exactly soever performed, should be set aside, and the suit ordered to commence anew. This re-commencement Accordingly, this double performance of the ceremonies, double payment of the fees, is one of the most remarkable features i 1 the En!!lish system of procedure." So much for the different modes which judicial avarice resorts to in different countries. 'Without entering further into the subject, we may say that we are perfectly warranted in laying it down that we owe the absence of direct bribery to very different causes than large incomes in the shape of salary. Avarice never can be saturated by any amount of food. And good working Judges would only be spoiled by giving them incomes to tempt them to live like Dukes.—Morning Chronicle. To-nig'et the law of forgery is to come under discussion once more in the House of Commons . Our readers are aware that the argument principally relied on by the advocates for the continuance of the present sanguinary law is the protection which, they allege, it affords to the commercial transactions of the country, and more especially to the banking interests. On this argument the policy of the law has been defended, in opposition to those dictates of reason, humanity, and religion, which teach us that punishment should never be vindictive, and that the sacred principle of justice should not degenerate into vengeance. Long experience has clearly proved that the excessive severity of the law, instead of affording additional protection, counteracts the very object for which the distinctions of crime are disre garded, and the feelings of humanity outraged. The great prevalence of the offence of forgery proves that the infliction of capital punishment has exactly the opposite tendency to that which the admirers of Draconic legislation anticipated. It has the ,effect of increasitig instead of repressing a crime which, though it may be impossible to eradicate it by any law, would not be so frequent as it is, if the punish ment were more proportionate to the moral guilt of the offence. One of the greatest signs, we can per. ceive, of the advanced civilization of the age, is the increasing aversion to the unnecessary shedding of blood by the sword of penal law. We were always of opinion, and we frequently expressed it, that the banking interests were not protected, but severely injured by the legislative cruelty which devoted the fraudulent imitator of a one-pound mote to the death of a murderer 1 What with the disinclination of parties to prosecute, and the " pious perjuries" of Juries—who sometimes think it a less crime to vio late an oath than to have the stain of human blood upon their consciences—the law of forgery seems especially devised to stimulate and encourage that class of offenders whom it professes to exterminate ! Of late, even the persons on whose behalf the neces sity of excessive severity has been pleaded, have come forward in great numbers to pray the Legis lature to substitute a milder peualry for that of death. They know and feel its inefficacy. They find, from melancholy experience, that instead of se curing their property against this species of fraud, it exposes it to more extensive depredation. It will be seen by a letter in our columns to-day, that about one hundred petitions have already been presented to the Legislature calling for an amelioration of this law. A great proportion of bankers have signed petitions of this nature. The petition of Glasgow, to be presented to-night, has been signed by all the bankers—by all the Magistrates to whom it was presented, arid by the Clergy of the Establishment, as well as Dissenters. It also bears the name of about 600 most respectable merchants and manu facturers—and we know by letters from that place, the general feeling among mercantile men is, that the " severity of the law prevents its operation." The petition from Newcastle-on-Tyne has been signed by all the bankers. So have the petitions from Sunderland, Darlington, Stocktoe,nud Derby —ten bankers affixed their names to the Chester petition. The petition from Yarmonth was signed by four bankers, twelve magistrates, and ten lawyers, and eighty merchants, ship-owners, and inhabitants of respectability and intelligence. That from Trure had the names of seven bankers. But why need we cite instances where they are so numerous, end the feeling out of which they arise is so generally spread ing ever the kingdom ? It is strange and lament able that at a time when the public voice is raised against the law in question, and enlightened opinion from one extremity of this island to another pro claims it to be equally savage in its principle and mischievous in its operation, Mr. Peel should have framed his new Bill—his Bill to reform the law of forgery—upon the old and barbarous principle in all cases where the law has heretofore been carried into execution. He proposes than the life of the offender shall still be forfeited in all cases of forgery of orders for money and ne gotiable securities, besides in numerous other instances. It is still more sti ange that, in his situation of Home Secretary—where he ought to have known better—he should be so ignorant of the feelings of society as to expect that this mockery of reform would satisfy the public, and even obtain him a high reputation as a wise and judicious law giver. We have observed, indeed, the first-offer ings of what he may mistake for fame in the adula tory notice taken of his Bill by d' Morning Paper, which had been some time ago humanely and ably conspicuous in denouncing in lobo the ferocious law of forgery. That Paper, in December, 1828, al luding to a petition signed by several persons of high commercial character in the city of London on behalf of a wretched criminal used the fol lowing language :—" Thus it appears that a num ber of eminent persons, interested in the main tenance of credit, and therefore in the effective adjustment of laws which are designed for its security from the crimes by which it is most endangered, have signed a petition in favour of the wretched culprit who is now under sentence of death for forgery. This proves sufficiently that, in the opinion of the commercial public, fraud is not an appropriate subject for capital punishment. The human heart, we say, in the nineteenth century, revolts at such a retribution for such a transgression, and the Magistrate who inflicts it flies in the face of those feelings which attest, because they go fur to constitute, the advancement of mankind in civili zation and humanity. The penalty of death was enacted for the sake of the moneyed interest; the moneyed interest, by this petition, loudly proclaim that they deem the penalty unnecessary.' The same paper, on another occasion, " implored the King's Ministers to look deeply into this heart oppressing subject, that the altars of the dis count-Moloch might no longer smoke with blood ; yet it was only the other day the same paper eulogised Mr. Peel for endeavour ing to perpetuate that very principle of sanguinary legislation which it had only two years ago so ener getically condemned. Has the moral illumination of the " nineteenth century" already passed away — is the darkness that wes nearly dispersed, rolling back upon us ? Is the worship of the " discount- Moloch," to be commended at the present day, which was regarded as so detestably barbarous only two years ago ? Is Mr. Peel to be praised for per petuating that very system which was then described as an ensanguined idolatry ? But we care not what advocate of humanity deserts this great cause for which we contend. The voice of public opinion has gone forth; and sooner or later the temple of this barbarous worship shall be overthrown, nor shall one stone be left upon another.—Morning Herald. The meeting which was held the other day at the City of London Literary and Scientific Institution, had for its object the reduction of a species of taxes, which, of all others with which this country is so dreadfully burthened, are the most truly disgrace ful and injurious—we mean the taxes on the diffu sion of knowledge, every one of which is calculated, more or less, not only to retard the spread of civili zation, by retarding the diffusion of useful informa tion, but to check the industry, and diminish the means of living, of several very numerous classes of soc i e ty. Two such objections, especially in the pre sent state of the country, could not, we think, be well brought against any taxes; and it is an addi tional argument against their continuance, that they are scarcely known in almost any other country, and that their non-existence gives a most unfair advan tage to the foreigner over the home manufacturer. English books, it is well known, can be printed and bound in Paris, and sold in this country, notwith standing the heavy duty on their importation, for wo-thirds of the sum which they would cost, with a very moderate profit to all parties, here ; and in the same way the taxes on. advertisements and Amps are so onerous here, that double the number of impressioni of newspapers are sold on the Con tinent, compared with those which the public can afford to purchase here. Now why should this be the case ? Were those who were engaged in the ma nufacture of books and newspapers, a class so ca pable in every respect to aid the revenue of the eountry, that it was necessary to make them contri bute their quota—or who could not be reached except by a direct tax upon the fruits of their in dustry, there might be about as much reason for imposing a special tax upon them as upon carriages and horses; but the truth is, as every one who gives the subject the slightest consideration mu?t allow, that, although they are greatly injured by every tax on the exertion of that industry, the public pays, and must pay ultimately for all —it must pay the duty on paper—it must pay the stamp duty of fourpence for every stamp upon a newspaper sheet—and it must pay the enormous duty of three and sixpence upon every advertise ment, even if that advertisement should only extend to one line ! We wish to press this point especially upon the attention of the public, in order that those who are directly interested in the repeal or modifi cation of these taxes may not stand alone in advo cating it.—The interest is theirs as well, and even more, than ours; and we trust that meetings will be held, not only of every literary and scientific in stitutio►► in the kingdom, to declare war against the taxes upon knowledge, but of every city and town which has the interests of literature, of science, and of industry, at heart. The Government itself, so far as the revenue is concerned, would be greatly benefitted by a reduction of such taxes ; and we can ourselves state as a fact, that when Lord Gode rich was Chancellor of the Exchequer, it was his full intention to propose a partial repeal of them.- - Morning Advertiser. WRECK OF THE NE WRY. We have this week the melancholy task of an nouncing to our readers a most distressing case of shipwreck, attended with the loss of many lives, which occurred on the night of Friday, the 16th instant, on the coast of Carnarvonshire, about four miles t 3 the northward of Bardsey Island. As many exaggerated and not a few unfounded reports are in circulation regarding this unfortunate event, we have been at some pains to ascertain the truth, and are enabled, from the information of Mr. James Harris, Bangor, agent for Lloyd's, (who repaired to the spot instantly upon hearing of the wreck,) joined with such particulars as we have obtained at a per sonal interview with some of the sufferers, to lay the following particulars before the public. The ship Newry, of 500 tons burden, Captain Crosbie, sailed from Warren-point, near Newry, Ireland, on Wednesday, the 14th inst., bound for Quebec, and having on hoard nearly 400 Irish emi grants, chiefly labourers, workmen, and small farmers, with their families. In the course of Thursday the wind got rather a-head, and at 11 a.m. on Friday the vessel put about, and stood to the south-east. On this course she continued until ten at night, during all which time it blew a gale, attended with so thick a haze that neither land nor lights could be seen upon nearing the Welsh coast. To this may be attributed the unfortunate catastrophe which followed; for at ten at night the vessel struck heavily upon a rock close to the main land of Car narvonshire, about four miles north of Bardsey Island. Every attempt to get her off being in vain, the mast was cut and fortunately fell upon a rock on the main land, which enabled some of the crew to carry out a rope from the vessel to the shore, by means whereof they were enabled, by most fatiguing and dangerous exertion, to convey nearly 300 of the passengers toland in safety. At the time the vessel struck the passengers were all iu their births, and most of them sea-sick. Upon pereeiving their danger, a dreadful scene of terror and confusion aruse. Nearly all of them rushed upon deck with no other clothing except that in which they had laid down for the night; very few had even the presence of mind to wrap around them the blanke's in which they had slept, and in this state of terror, exposed to the cold, wet, and dark ness of a stormy night, they remained until each in turn was landed by the crew as abovementioned, with the exception of two or three active young men who made their escape along the mast. As several unfounded calumnies are in circulation re lative to the conduct of the crew of the Ncwry on this trying occasion we deem it our duty to state that their conduct throughout appears to have been perfectly consistent with that active courage and humanity which are ever the distinguishing attri butes of British seamen in the hour of peril and calamity. In a state of eet osure and exhaustion they continued both on boar and ashore, although several of them were severely injured, to exert them selves to save the lives of their passengers until four o'clock in the morning, when David Griffiths, a sea man residing at Plasbodavon, in the neighbourhood, arrived at the spot, and instantly went on board, where, with the assistance of Owen James, Plasmin ford, and two other persons belonging to the neigh bourhood, who remained on shore, he succeeded in rescuing betwixt forty and fifty men, women, and children, from their perilous situation, the last of whom were brought on shore by ten o'clock in the forenoon. It is impossible as yet to ascertain ac curately the number of lives lost, but from all that we can learn it was betwixt forty and eighty. One thing, however, is certain, which is, that a much greater number must have perished, had it not been for the timely arrival and gallant conduct of David Griffiths and his assistants, who came just in time to relieve the exhausted crew from their already over lengthened toil. We sincerely hope the conduct of these men, and particularly of Griffiths, will be rewarded by some substantial mark of public appro bation. The vessel broke up on Su►rday, and what re mained of the wreck was sold by auction on I.l,l9n day. Fourteen dead bodies have been found amongst the broken timber and on the rocks, all of which have been decently interred. We now turn horn this melancholy scene to one of a very different description, and which we feel proud to record for the honour of the inhabitants of Carnarvorishire. As above mentioned, by far the greater part of the survivors of the wreck were brought on shore in a state approaching to naked ness,and none of them possessed any thing but the clothes which they wore. The humble inmates of some of the nearest cottages actually burnt part of their household furniture, that by its heat the half naked women and children might dry arid warm their shivering limbs. As the sufferers came along the road to Carnarvon, all ranks of the inhabitants came forward with meat, clothing, and money.— ' Upon the arrival of the main body of the unfortu nates at Carnarvon, Captain Boileau, an Irish gen tleman resideMt in that town, informs us that a public meeting was called by the Deputy Mayor, William Roberts, Esq., and the bailiffs, and a most liberal subscription made for their relief, from which each individual received a hearty meal, and 43. in money, besides medical assistance beinggiven to the sick and wounded, waggons provided for the lame and infirm, and clothing for such as were still un provided. " Never," says Captain Boileau, " was there a more imperative call on humanity, and never was it more promptly or efficiently answered than by the benevolent inhabitants of Carnarvon." By the above -named benevolent gentleman, we are de sired on the part of the shipwrecked countrymen, to return their grateful thanks to the inhabitants of that part of Carnarvonshire through which they have travelled on their way homewards, " for the assistance they have received from the humane and kind-hearted Welsh," and we feel both pride and pleasure in complying with his request. The suffer ers one and all declared that from the moment of their leaving the wreck to their arrival at Caraarvon, throughout a journey of thirty-five miles, they saw not one door closed, while every hand had something to offer them. At Bangor, through which these unfortunates passed on Monday and Tuesday, the inhabitants followed the example set them by their neighbours of Carnarvon, and in a few hours the sum of 201. 3s. 2d. was collee!ed from the inhabitants, by our humane and active overseer, Mr. Holford, assisted by some other gentlemen, and distributed amongst the sufferers, who have since proceeded to. Holy head, where we have no doubt a similar reception awaits them..—North Wales Chronicle. LOSS OF THE SHIP LADY HOLLAND. :From the Cape of Good Hope Gazette of the 17th of February last.) Information was received in town on Monday last, by Messrs. Borradailes, Thompson, and Pillans, of the Lady Holland, Captain Snell, having struck on a reef of rocks on the north end of Dassen Island, at about half-past ten o'clock on Sunday night. The night was very dark, and it was blowing a strong gale of wind from the south-east. A vigilant look out had been kept from sun-set, at which period no appearance of land could be discerned; a few mi nutes before the vessel struck, the man stationed in the forecastle called out " Breakers a-head I"—the helm was immediately put down, but she struck be fore coming round. Some time previous the lead was hove, and no bottom could be found at 120 fathoms. Captain Snell ordered the main-mast to be cut away; this was done, but it fell backward on the mizen-mast, and carried that away also. The boats were then got out, and the whole of the passengers and crew got safely on shore at Dasmen Island, without however being able to secure either provisions or water. A great portion of the cargo, it is hoped, will be saved—much of it consisting of Madeira wine in casks. DIABOLICAL OCCURRENCE. On Tuesday last the inhabitants of the village of Denham, near Uxbridge, were thrown into a state of alarm and consternation, by the report that a whole party had been poisoned the night previous, at the house of a man named Finch, to which they had retired from the public-house, at a late hour, for the purpose of spending the remainder of the night in dancing. On repairing to the spot, we received information to the following effect :—That a number of young men and women were, on the evening of Easter Monday, drinking together till a late hour, at a public house in the village, and that afterwards they retired to the house of a man named Finch, to spend the remainder of the night in such sports and entertainments as are usual with the uneducated, viz. drinking, singing, dancing, and a tambourine player and a fiddler. That while at Finch's house, some noxious article, said to be Spanish flies (can tharida), were infused with the drink, for the diabo lical purpose of exciting the passions of the females, which, in a short time, produced upon the whole party, in va rious degrees, the most alarming effects; and that in consequence most of them had immedi ate recourse to medical assistance. We also learnt that one female, named Ellen Turner, was in so dangerous a state, that her life was considered in great danger. We found also that four of the men, one a widower with three children, had been apprehended, on sus picion of infusing some deadly article into the be verage with which the party was regaled, and were then in safe custody at the workhouse. On Friday morning, the young woman, Ellen Turner, after lin gering in the greatest agony from Monday night's sports, expired. FURTHER PARTICULARS.—CORONER'S INQUEST. On Saturday morning, a Coroner's Inquest was held on the body of Ellen Turner. The Jury pro ceeded to view the body of the deceased, which, upon examination, appeared to exhibit symptoms of acute inflammation in the alimentary canal, kidneys, and bladder. Several witnesses were then examined, relative to the cause of the death of the deceased, from whom it appeared, that about a week before Easter, two men, now in custody, named Fred. Whitfield and Joseph Turner, were heard con versing respecting the properties of Spanish flies, alleging that if taken by females it would make them fond of men; from another witness, it appeared that, on the morning of Easter Monday, Whitfield and Turner applied to a chemist in Uxbridge for a quarter of an ounce of Spanish flies—when they were strictly questioned as to the purpose for which they wanted the article. Turner said he wanted the flies w pre pare a blister for a horse, which in his examination he admitted, by saying he had only done it as a blind : the shopman at the chemist's told Whitfield and Turner the deadly and dangerous nature of the article. It also appeared that, before the company parted, some beer was ordered, and that James Bar rett infused a part of the flies at that time. After- wards a can of beer was taken to Finch, which the company drank without being affected, until Barrett put out one of the candles, and an unknown person extinguished the other. During the time the room was in darkness, it is supposed the remainder of the cantharides was infused, but by whom it did not ap pear. After the candles were re-lit, Whitfield took an active part in handing the beer about, "particularly to the deceased, with whom he carried on a court ship," who complained, more than once, that some hitfiehledr at st fl is r p st ie s i a o i n d s , i t t h g a s n„tlniiellibte;e„r, tando, that h N u l pon ' being again repeated, he endeavoured to silence them, by- saying it was nothing but a little ginger, advising the deceased to drink it up—and that the deceased, inconsequence, took the dregs of the liquor. It was worthy of observation, that, after the candles were put out at Finch's house, the ac cused, Whitfield, never partook of the beer; nor did it appear in evidence, that Barrett or Turner did. The surgeon, who attended to give evidence, expressed his conviction, that the cantharides pro duced the death of the deceased; and the Jury, after a long and patient investigation, returned a ver dict of " Manslaughter" against J. Turner, Fre derick Whitfield, and James Barrett. The de ceased was sister to Turner, and courted by Whit field—and thus, according to the evidence, a bro ther is instrumental in the death of his sister, and a lover to that of the object of his affections. All he parties were affected by the liquor, including the fiddler and tambourine player, except the prisoners, and on their appearance to give their evidence ex hibited the appearance of extreme illness and de bility. It is a remarkable fact, that of the' thirteen witnesses and the three accused, including the !tar geon and his assistant, only four knew how to write, and these, with the exception of the surgeon and his assistant, very imperfectly.—Becks Chronicle. Captain T. GARTH, since the death of yre neral GaaTet, has left his cottage in the neighbourhood of Calais, and is now living at Windsor. Negociation for the final settlement of differences relating to a delicate affair have, we understand, been resumed. On Wednesday last a little girl, aged one year and nine months, daughter of Joint SEED, a poor man re siding in Leyland-street, in this town, was accidentally drowned in a mug, containing about four quarts of water. An inquest was held on the body the following :day, when it appeared from the testimony adduced that; the child was put out to nurse to a woman named Amos Bor.- Tort, who on 'Wednesday afternoon sat down by the fire with the child upon her knees, and fell asleep. : She awoke again in about half an hour, when she missed the child from her knee, and on looking round she ob served, to her horror and astonishment, that it: had fallen into a mug containing about four quarts of Water, at a distance of several yards from the place wheii sbe was sitting. She immediately drew the child out hut it was quite dead, its head having been covered witli the water. At the bottom of the mug was found a smsill tin can with which it was in the habit of amusing itself, and it is therefore conjectured that the little innocent ha been endeavouring to get water with it, when it unfortu ately fell into the mug. The Jury found a verdict of acci ntal death.--Blachburn Gazette. THE ARMY. The following movements of Regiments Lava been Cr' dered :- Ist Dragoon Guards-:—Frorn Longford to Cahir. 2d Ditto—From Dublin to Manchester, to arrive at the end of the month. 3d Ditto--From Coventry to Exeter, to arrive on the 29th. 4th Ditto—From York to Edinburgh. sth Ditto—From Canterbury to Coventry. 6th Ditto—From Dorchester to Dublin, to embark oa the 23d. 7th Ditto—From Ipswich to Canterbury. Ist Dragoons—From Manchester to Norwich and Ips wich, on the arrival of the 2d Dragoon Guards. 2d Ditto—From Cork to Dorchester, to arrive at the end of tha month. 3d Ditto—From Sheffield to York. 9th Ditto—Front Nottingham to Hounslow, to arrive on the 26th. 10th Ditto—From Hounslow to Leeds, to arrive on the 29th. 12th Ditto—From Edinburgh to Ireland, to embark about the 24th. 14th Ditto—From Leeds to Brighton. 15th Ditto—From Brighton to Nottingham and Shef. field. 11th Reserve—From Cork to Portsmouth—ordered. 83d Ditto—From Naas to Burnley—ordered. 57th Ditto—From Landguard Fort to Chatham. 62d Regiment—From Cork to Chatham, for MadraF. 72d Reserve—From Drogheda to North Britain. 75th Regiment—From Cork to Canterbury, for the Cape of Good Hope. 79th Reserve—Front Glasgow to Stirling. 82d Ditto—From Chatham to Canterbury. 88th Ditto—From 'f ralee to Landguard Fort. 91st Ditto—From Londonderry to North Britain. COUNTRY CORN MARKETS. DURING LAST WERE. Wheat. Barley. I Oats. Beach. Per Quarter. S. to s. s. to s. s. to s. e. to s. Carlisle — 61 28 26 Carmarthen— 58 34 17 36 Hexham— 52 72 23 41 22 29 50 52 Morpeth 50 60 32 34 18 25 30 38 Penrith - Shetheld 73 29 41 Winchester f 0 '76 25 56 '2l 25 42 46 Per Bushel. la. d. a. d. s. (1. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. 9. d. Coventry 7 0 9 0 4 8 54 36 40 56 60 Newcastle (Staff) 10 0 10 61 4 6 5 6 3 9 4 3 5 6 6,6, Northallerton ,7 0 93, 3 6 46 33 40 59 6 Stafford —1 9 0 9 4 51/ 62 36 40 72 8 Swansea -- 18 0 86; 4 8 5 2 28 30 00 0 Warwick 1 90 10 01 4 6 50 33 40 73 7 6 Per 8011. 1 Barnardcastle,—... ,15 6 18 0 8 6 9 0 6 6 7 9 9 6 1 . 2 6 Durham-------114 0 17 0 9 0 JO 0 5 0 7610 0 1 1 2 Richmond ....—.1120 160 90 10 6 70 8 6 11 0 12 7, Stockton— (126 14 6 80 9 0 48 76 08 0 " WAKEFIELD CORN MARKET—ApIii 23. There is a pretty good supply of Wheat fresh up her e this morning, and the millers, in expectation of son haviog an increased quantity of forriga upon the market, hsvo bought sparingly at a decline of Is. per quarter upon al l descriptions. There are not many Oats offering, and t 1 meet ready sale at rather more money. Fine fresh Bar ley is scarce and ready sale, at an advance of Is. per quar ter. Beans are without material variation, and the de mand not so extensive as it was a short time past. Wheat, Rod, Norfolk and Sur%lk 575. 60s. to 645. fine 6l New 575. 60e. to 64e. fine 6 10 ' --- White Old 64s 675. to 745. floe 76L New 60s. Ols. to 68s. fine fiSe• Foreign, Red s'7s. 6ls. to 675. fine 715. White 63s. 665. to '7os. tine 7Ss• Barley, - Norfolk and Suffolk 325. to 375. tine 395. Lincolnshire 32s. to ins. fine 375. --- Yorkshire Wold 3ls. to 335. tine Ms. -- Foreign —s. to fine Beans, Old New 34s. to '3Bs. to 365. fine 40s fine :9s• Oats, Potato . ...., _ 255. to 213. fine 31 2 . - Poland 225. 235. to 245. fine 498- - Friezland and Small 4lB. 225. to 21s. tine 26s - 11,1 ea IiII g l2d. to 13y,d. per Stone- Shelling 3ls. to 33s:0d. per Loa • d. Malt 3ls. 40s. fine 43% per 1.0 0 . Rapeseed SCOTCH MARKETS. Wheat. Barley Oats. f Beans. Or 4 Aberdeen 56 '75 23 29 19 23 SO 31 Berwick...—. 41 44 20 22 16 18 22 24 TS Coldstream .... 42 46 23 23 16 18 24 26 Cupar 55 64 SI 33 22 23 24 27 -- Dundee 56 64 30 32 24 28 29 SC *" Elgin 50 60 20 25 20 23 19 21 -* Inverness..— 53 58 26 28 19 22 24 26 4 0 Kelso 42 47 21 23 16 19 24 27 60 76 33 38 1 , 6 32 30 34 Perth 52 70 19 23 16 20 28 32 •-• it,. The sire of the measure varies throughout the countri._ EDINBURGH CORN MARKET.--April 21. Our supply of ali kinds of Grain was rather limited• The sale of Wheat very heavy, and declined upon the top 2s. Barley, Oats, and Beans, supported our last pony tions. ------- Wheat. Barley. Oats. Pease. First "ISA Oct 37s Od 29s 4d —s Od Second 77s Od 36s 6d 28 s Od —s Od Third Beano. 116, 4 Oi Hie 01 :34sti vt', PRICES OF PROVISIONS, &C. 03. Beef, per 1b... O. 3d. to 08.6c1. Fresh Butter,llia.lo,l. to le. 0 4 0 6 Salt 0 8 0 Veal ---. 0 4 0 8 Ditto, per ca t. 80 0 84 0 0 3 0 4 Eggs, per do& 0• 7 0 0 Lamb, per qr. 0 6 0 0 OatStraw(kp'.) 6 0 0 cwt.... 30 0 St 6 Wheat Ditto.,- 7 0 8 v, Quarteru Loaf 010 011 Barley Ditto 0 0 6ti Potatoes, 1711 b. 0 5 0 6 Hay, per 5t.,.. 0 6 0° MA RKET.-April 20. of Oatmeal at to-day's mar ill sale at last week's prices• Per Stone ol 14th. lug). i First Oatmeal £0 2 0 Second ditto Barleymesl ......... Pewit:meal .-2d, 14s.— id, 18s.-I'sat 1 22,9:, EDINBURGH ATEA We had a middling supply ket, which met with very du Per Sack of 2801 b. Imp. First Oatmeal Xil 0 0 Second ditto 1 18 0 Barleymeal 1 12 0 Peasetueal 1 10 () Pot Barley—No. 1, per cwt. 12 GLASGOW CORN MARKET.—ApriI 21. No alteration in Wheat. Barley and Oats in brisk (le' mand, and prices rather higher. A fair demand O f Beans and Pease at former rates. Wheat, per 2401 b. s. d. s. d. Oats, per 4641 b. a. d. 0 . d e British, old 34 6t030 0 Irish 30 0 32 0 British —l9 9 0 1° .- -211) new Canada, free 35 0 37 0 Beans, per 2601 b. 0 Irish Barley, per 3201 b. Scottish English 27 0 29 0 Pease, Scottish ... 18 0 xve Scottish 27 0 29 0 Oatmeal, per 1/olb. 15 0 ", p Irish 25 0 27 0 Flour, per 2801 b.... 50 0 f" CORNWALL MARKETS. Tatnto.-Wheat (average) 255. 6d.-Barley, 135.-Oats, I le. 61 : Sr. AUSTELL-Wheat, 24e. t0;265.-Barley, 14a to 16.1.-Os''' 9s. to 10s. Od. Boumix-Wheat (average) 275. al.-Barley, 12s. 6d.-Oats, 196 0 , Lautimorrox-Wheat (average) 245. Od.-Barley, 12s. Od.-CM Bs. 0/.-Beef, W.-Mutton, sd. 116LATors-Wheat, 265. od.-Barley, 13s. Od. 01 0 PENZANCE-Wheat, 24*. to 255.-Barley, -a. to Bs. to 10s. Od.-Beef and Mutton, 4/. to 5d.-Pork, 30. to ul" Butter, 10d. per lb. Luutsatto-Wheat, 21s. Od. to 255. Od.-Balley,l2s.-- Oats, 1 0i. to 10s. 6,1. 64 Sr. Comism-Wheat, 23a. to 245.-Barley, 13s. to 14,+.-Be st and Mutton, sd. to 6d.-Veal and Lamb, Od to 6d. TONING INTELLIGENCE. Tons. Cl i Quantity of Copper Ore sold at Redruth last Thursday 3,001 ~ Average Produce B4 ; Quantity of fine Copper 237 nAI Amount of Sale, 17,294/. 13s. 6tl.—Average Standard 1051.29.1.): BIRTHS. On the 23d inst. the lady of Thomas %Ina, Esq. sa lieitor, Essex-street, Strand, of a sou. On the 22d inst. at Weymouth, the lady of the Rev. Why, of a daughter. On the 23d inst. Mrs. E. Taylor, of Powis-place, 03 daughter, still-born. In Welbeck-street, Mrs. A. Eden, of a son. At Wootton-Bassett, the lady of the Rev. T. H. RiPle of a son. MARRIED. On the 22d inst. at Bucking, the Rev. G. Bulderot° Ixworth, Suffolk, to Amelia, daughter of the late It u. Cimpion, Esq. of Bushy-park, county of Cork. On the 24th inst. at Brighton, J. B. Touissant, EAI of Pall-mall and Fe!them, Middlesex, to Mary, young daughter of A. Bryson, Esq. of Brighton. On the 26th inst. at St. Mary's, Islington, Air. FP ' , Roberts, builder, of Camden-row, Camden-town, to E 1 0:; third daughter of Mr. George Blaynard, of the Britans i Tavern, Camden-town. On the 24th inst. at St. James's, Piccadilly, Mr. Gibbs, to Isabella, daughter of C. Duff, Esq., Twickenham. DIED. On the Sth inst. at Florence, aged 76, the Most Vet! trious Signora Eleonora, Baroness Dowager di Brasat i ; &c. and aunt to Sir Ludovico di Geseero, Lord of Cast e " di Vivano, in the Bolognese. On the 24th inst. at Dalston, James Young, sou Mr. James Mitc in hell, aged 16 months., On the 15th st. at Paris, within a few days of : 1 1 : taininghis 17th year, A. R. De.Paiva, eldest son of A' A. De Paiva, Brazilian Consul-General in this city._.44 PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY MURDO YOUNG, A TUN SUN OVFICIL, 1 STAAND, 1.0244)014. Y F f A T HOLD in the ( . posed I alter. the SPIRII The He The 1 Move Smith, ] Hare, ] Th has alre Parliain 1825, deration duty of tared ot femme the Agr eireums a dimin Move Seaver, " Th listed, *a fuutd increut Januar) 237,82' Lae, du under t Rum ui whole that the t e sumptic made S restricts m i altugetli Mori Esq,a "Th now us food, o perhaps contetn , this cot only, • N mand demnra grade, Movi pier Fi " Th portanc destruc United that - ti Ind for we do connect USt the people County lutions, ton an thtir se 11-lor Lynch, " TI - . land in ings . meta% coamo confide Irrlpreip that e] *whi c h of this rneasur Afov Gerrar " TI to the questt the Le Ireland with, a • reqtatst Afor touebe, " TI seated that C A thereof 213 d Bold b' of S: ritre4 ferd WI: Min 159 Di u Manny inatistr genera' daratic