The Sun. — London, England, 1833-07-03 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, A motion was made last night, by Mr. Buckingham, " That a Select Committee be appointed to consider the best practical means of progressively reducing the national debt, and of the best mode of assessing the taxes, to effect that object, without depressing the agricultural and commercial interests of the country." Mr Buckingham's plan is to convert all the stocks into one national annuity fund, bearing interest at the rate of 5 per cent. (the present rate of in terest being about n per cent.), to terminate in 100 years, and to be diminished annually at the rate of 1 per cent. For some time the pay ment would be larger than at present, and to meet this additional burden, he proposed a graduated' property tax, or rather an income tax. The obvious difficulty in the way of giving effect to a plan of this sort is, the im possibility of raising the additional taxes which would be necessary. It is one thing to contract a loan in terminable annuitie , , and another to convert perpetual into gradually terminating an nuities. Lord AlthOrp said, the effect of the Hon. Member's plan would be, to increase the existing burdens at the first, by eighteen millions. While Mr. Buckingham proposed to make the present generation pay for posterity, Mr. Cobbett thought that the present generation ought not to pay for. the past." " As a child in the cradle," he said, " could not be bound to pay for debts contracted by a father who left him nothing ; so he (Mr. Cobbett) did not consider the indus trious classes bound to pay for debts contracted before their titne, and by usurping Parliaments ; —Parliaments which had, in fact, no right to sit in that House. He held that they were not bound in conscience or in honour for such debts so contracted." The question of title is rather a ticklish one. Perhaps the Hon. Member for Oldham would allow the title of the present Parliament to contract debts. But who made the present Parliament ? The last Parlia ment. If the title of the last Parliament was bad, how can the title of a Parliament made by its act be good ? How are we to get a Parliament with a good title in this way, except we are to follow the plan of the Spa fields patriots, and call a National Convention ? The doctrine that the acts of a Government sub mitted to by a nation, are not to he valid by posterity, because there was a defect in its title, is one which would lead to very serious evils. We quite agree with Mr. D. W. Harvey, that all property throughout the country is mortgaged to the fundholders, and that it ought to be deemed at least as sacred as any other description of property. We also agree with him, " that many persons who pretend to be alarmed at the idea of applying a sponge to the national debt, are really glad to hear the Radicals talk of such a pro ceeding." They may be assured that the moment an invasion of one description of property is sanc tioned, every other description of property will become insecure. Every man who possesses property should discourage to the utmost ail doctrines which sap the foundation of property. There is room for further economy and retrench ment, and there is ample room for a more equitable assessment of the burdens, and we trust that considerable relief will ere long be thence derived by the people ; but let us hear nothing of sacrificing the property of one class for the convenience of the other classes. The grand objection to the entering on discussions of this nature at this time is, that they can lead to no result ; for Parliament with its utmost tliiigence can hardly get through the business which must be disposed of. On a division the numbers were 38 to 57, giving a majority of 19 against the motion.—Morning chronicle. So long as there can remain a doubt on the effect of the " legal tender" clause to diminish the quantity of gold circulating in the country, or to ircrease the difficulty of obtaining specie for notes, in ordinary times, so long ought that clause to be resisted. We have repeatedly men tioned that we think the danger might be ob viated, if for any good purpose it was necessary to make bank notes a legal tender, at any time, or for any sum, by raising the amount of the privileged paper to a sum upwards of 101. It would rot then, as Adam Smith remarks, enter into the transactions of master and servant, or affect the common retail business of the country, and, if useless, would at least be harmless. Lord Althorp, with that unhappy spirit of com promise which is peculiar to his party, and which, in attempting to please every body, gives satisfaction to none, agreed to raise above 51. the denomination of the privileged note. It was properly stated, in answer, that the law might be evaded by issuing notes of five guineas instead of five pounds ; and though we may hope that a great national banking company, order the control of public opinion, would not be so regardless of character as to take such an advantage ", of the new Act, still we think that if the resolution is to he em bodied in a law, effective precautions ought to be taken even against improbable dangers. We would therefore propose, in the spirit of the Mi nistry and of the majority on the vote of Tues day, that to the second resolution, as given in our paper of yesterday, there be added the words "and that no notes be issued for any sum be tween 51. and 101., as at present." The resolu tion would then run thus :—" That it is the opinion of this Committee, that provided the Bank of England should be bound by law to discharge in the legal coin of the realm all such of its debts and liabilities as shall be demanded at the Bank of England, or at any of the branch banks thereof, it is expedient that the promis sory notes of the said corporation b 3 made a l e gal tender for all sums of 5/. and upwards; it being enacted that there shall be no notes issued for any intermediate sum be tween 51. aid 101." If we cannot have thus an immediate convertibility of larger notes into gold, in the case of a run on a country bank, we shall at least not endanger a run, by banish ing gold from retail or general circulation, or even diminishing the quantity in ordinary use. As the question of the joint stock banks is formally postponed, and the disputed point of " the legal tender" of Bank of England notes is for the present settled by a vote of the Com mittee, the next topic which will engage the attention of Parliament, is the equivalent or compensation to be given by the Bant to the public, for the exclusive privilege of continuing to issue notes for the metropolis, and the pro spective advantage of engrossing the currency of the kingdom. On the amount of this com pensation, the policy of the settlement of the bank question mainly depends. It has been proved over and over again, in a variety of letters from our able correspondents, particularly in those of " Daniel Hardcastie,"—in several able ,piture, t vpoicularly that entitled " An Irnpar :.,l4l. iiiiiiimSo-t c he Bank Question, by a Mer chant, - 7 1 'ini4i r lome articles of our own, that the staterni , nC,4f.:;the net income which the Bank hats.tvr cio - •-0:, , s the only gains it derives from its connexion with the Govern ment, or its monopoly of the circulation, is ex tremely defective and underrated. In the estimated account of the profits derived from these sources, as given in the appendix to the Bank report, we find only the paltry sum of 178,8751. Of this sum, 134,8751. is placed to the account of the profits obtained from 20,000,0001. of notes circulation, and 4,000,0001. of Government deposits, and only the sum of 44,0001. is set down as arising from the management of Government business. To lessen the gains on the first head, the Bank makes the expense of the circulation amount to 106,000/., and de ducts from the gross produce 147,0001., as the difference between the interest on its cwital lent to Government at three per cent., and the in terest which it could make from investing this sum in other securities ; while it reduces the interest derived from Government securities, by representing a large part of its issues as invested in Exchequer bills at a low interest, instead of being invested in." dead weight," and other more profitable employments. The diminished profit or exaggerated loss on this head may be estimated at more than 150,0001., while the whole of the Government business may be transacted for less than 100,0001., instead of the actual charge of 248,0001. But without pay ing any attention to specific statements (erro neous and garbled as they are) supplied by the Bank, we need only attend to the amount of the di vidends which it has paid, the bonuses which it has shared, and the additions to its capital which it has made within the last 30 years, to be con vinced of its enormous profits. In 1797, and up to 1800, the dividend on Bank Stock was only 7 per cent., but in 1799 the proprietors received a bonus of 1,164,2401., thus making their dividend for that year 17 per cent. ; in 1801 they received another bonus of 582,1201., thus raising their dividend to 12 per cent. ; in 1802 they were again so lucky as to receive the snug sum of 291,0601., to share among them ; in 1804, more lucky still,they divided 582,1201. of a bonus in addition to their usual interest of 7 per cent., thus raising their profits to 12 per cent. In the two following years, namely 1805 and 1806, their divided gain was equally enor mous ; and from 1806 to 1816 they received a dividend of 10 per cent., without any bonus. In that latter year their treasure had so much accumulated that they proposed an addition of a fourth to their then existing capital, which was 11,642,4001., being equivalent to a bonus of 2,910,6001., or a dividend for one year of 55 per cent. From that time to 1822 their dividend was 10 per cent. on their enlarged capital of 14,553,0001., and since the year 1823 it has been eight per cent. on the same amount. By adding these multiplied bonuses to the augmentation of stock, and the increased rate of interest above seven per cent. since 1799, we make up the prodigious sum of 17,318,0701. But this is not all. The Bank has still a rest, or reserved fund, of about 3,000,0001., or at any rate of 2,637,760/., which remains to be divided, and which would raise its gains in about thirty years to more than 20,000,0001., besides the reasonable rate of in terest of seven per cent. on :its capital as in 1800 !! It would be superfluous, after such a display of enormous gains, acknowledged in their own accounts, to enter into a critical ex amination of minute details respecting the ex pense or profit attendant on particular branches of their business. We are quite sensible that some of these sources of emolument are now closed or diminished—we know that the Re striction Act was the parent of many a bonus which has now ceased—and we are quite aware that by a new arrangement Government depo sits have fallen off from 11,000,0001. to about 4,000,000/. since 1815. Having been obliged to reduce their own dividend from ten to eight per cent. in 1823, it would be absurd to sup pose that the Bank could afford to the country such an amount of deduction from their present profits as we might have been warranted to ex pect from the immense distributions of booty which it made among its proprietors in the first twenty years of the present century. But as Lord Althorp calculates on the increase of Bank of England circulation under the new Charter, the profits of the establishment must increa-e in proportion, and it would be a shame ful abandonment of public duty in Members of Parliament not to insist on the right of the nation to participate in these profits. Let the Bank be limited to a reasonable dividend on the present amount of its stock, and let all its sur plus gains be divided equally between it and the public, by whose authority alone it exercises the right of coining money. Such a limitation was fixed upon the dividends of the East India Company, and ought to be on all similar mono. polies. This excellent idea was su gges t e d b y the Noble Lord himself, in his first correspon dence with the Bank, and only surrendered by that good-natured unsuspecting facility which has made him the dupe of the Bank Directors, and exposed him to the taunts of Sir Robert Peel, Mr. Baring, and other Tories, as having been overreached in his Bank negotiations. But the public ought not to suffer from the deficiency of firmness in our financial Minister ; and no bargain that he has made an tie up the hands of Parliament from attempting a more equitable arrangement. As we have before stated, the 6th and Bth resolutions, which are as follows, are postponed till next session. We repeat our wish, that the whole business had been postponed. . . "6. That it is the opinion of this Committee that it is expedient to give facilities by the grant of royal charters for the establishment of joint stock banks, at a certain dis tance from London; but that every such royal charter shall contain certain stipulations to be enforced with re spect to all such chartered hanks. " 8. That it is the opinion of this Committee that it is expedient to make provision with regard to joint stock banking companies."— Times. There are few minor matters in which the present Ministers have done themselves so little credit as in the extreme reluctance and timidity which they have shown in correcting the abuses permitted to exist by their predecessors. Among these, we would mention that of allowing the doors of the Insolvent Court to be closed for a vacation of six weeks every autumn—a scanda lous abuse, with which the unfortunate victims of our wretched system of imprisonment for debt arc again threatened. Now, here are four well paid Commissioners, with whose conduct, ex ceps in this particular, we have no reason to believe but that the public are perfectly satisfied. The law constituting their Court authorizes them to act conjointly or separately ; so that any one of them is competent to do any of the duties of the four. And we put it to the honour and good sense of those gentlemen—what would be the hardship of one of them at least attending to the duties of the London Court at all times ? Even one of the Judges remains in town during the whole of the autumn, and attends daily at chambers to transact the business of the three common law courts ; and we cannot help think too that it would be just its excusob!e were the police magistrates to close their offices for a season, and leave the inmates of the watch-houses undisposed of, as that hundreds of poor debtors should be unnecessarily incarcerated, merely be cause one public servant out of four cannot be prevailed upon to forego a period of unhal lowed recreation. But, if a sense of duty--if neither shame nor conscience can prevent men from partaking of enjoyment at the expense of others' misery, then we say that the Secretary of State is bound to step in and interfere—and that the Whigs especially are called upon to exhibit in practice that which, when out of office, was their constant theme.—Morning. Herald. We have received a number of letters depre cating the mismanagement which prevails in the Post-office department, and which recent circum stances have brought more prominently forward during the last few weeks. It is humiliating to think that in the negotiation with the French Government England should have been the power to prevent the adoption of a more liberal policy with respect to the interchange of literary and political intelligence between the two na tions. Such, however, has been the case. Those who remember the satisfaction with which the appointment of . the Duke of Richmond to the office of Postmaster-General was received will feel some disappointment at the turn which things have t a ken und er hi s auspices. They will feel some disappointment to think that, during his s u p er i n t en d ence , a narrow-minded jealousy pervaded the whole system of our Post office regulations, and that the transactions of that department with foreign Governments, as well as with its own people at home, were calculated to produce any feeling rather than content. The vexatious conduct of the Post-office in re gard to the opening of parcels, and other ar bitrary internal arrangements, formed a consistent sequel to its miserable dealing with France. By the way, it was not quite consistent in a col league of Mr. P. Thomson's—in a Minister of the Free 'l'rade party—to turn his back on that favourite principle in the only case in which re ciprocity was ever offered to tempt and justify its adoption. But what with narrow views to wards foreigners, and mercenary and vexatious practices, designed to swell the revenue at home, this department has become the subject of ge neral censure. It is no defence of the Duke of Richmond to say that he has been influenced by his subordinates. Why should he be so influ enced ? The military school in which he was bred would have taught him a different lesson, and the official responsibility i n w hi c h h e i s bound to the nation deprives him at once of all apology on such a score. We hope that as the character of the Department is now developing itself, advantage will be taken of the increased information respecting it, to reform those abuses which have excited so much public contempt. In making a point against the solicitors the au thorities of the Post-office have roused a hornet's nest. The attempt may cost them more than they anticipate.—Morning Herald. We alluded in our paper of yesterday to certain extracts from the report of the Factory Commission which had appeared in the columns of an evening contemporary, and which fully justifies Mr. Sadler's anticipations regarding those gentlemen, and the apprehensions which we ourselves have recently expressed. (The extracts will be found in another column, under the proper head.) We speak delibe rately when we assert that no language we have to command can convey our disgust at the recommen dations of these factory gentlemen, and our asto nishment that they hare had the temerity to pro pound them to a Christian community. It was believed from the first, that the Commission, ap pointed as it was at the instance of the mill-owners, whatever were the ostensible instructions under which it professed to act, would faithfully serve the pur poses of its institution. In this respect, at least, it has disappointed no one. It was foreseen from the first that a considerable degree of cunning and dexterity would be requisite to patch up, and veil the deformities of the horrible system of cruelty and oppression, which was, at all hazards, to be preserved. Hence we find that, notwithstanding it had been asserted by its apologists for the last forty years, that the "light and easy " labour of the poor factory child, protracted to a length of twelve or fifteen hours, was not at all pre judicial, but the contrary, now, all at once, 10 hours are deemed far too much, and eight are to be substituted. But mark upon what con dition this concession is made. It is well known that in the principal branches of the cotton spinning trade, and in the steam-loom establishments, chil- dren from about thirteen years and upwards are the most profitable to their selfish employers. Accor dingly, we believe, that on every occasioN when an effort has been made on behalf of the children, many of the masters have expressed a readiness to resign altogether the working of those under a certain age, on the condition that they might be allowed still to labour those above that age at their pleasure—alias, to death. See then how admirably these ignorant or designing dupes of Commissioners have framed their recommendations. Instead of carrying up pro tection to 18 years, as proposed in Mr. S idler's Bill, and actually established in that of Sir J. Hob house, or even to 16, the tern) fixed upon in the other preceding Acts passed upon the subject dur. ing the last thirty years—they have withdrawn pro. tection from all above 14, we were going to say, for such was really our original impression, but no, with a dexterity worthy of the cause which they have espoused, they have discovered—will the public credit it ?—that when the individual is 13 years of age, he should be accounted 14 ; and this in a Bill for the relief of children, forsooth I Why, if this principle were carried into effecr, it would, in the great branch of British spinning, withdraw protection from two-thirds of those on whose behalf the Legislature of the country has already had the humanity to interfere. With respect to the children beneath that age, relays are contemplated, though every one knows, who is less ignorant of the mutter than these Commissioners, that, difficult as it is to prevent the infraction of a law made for the children, even now its enforcement under the relay system would be impossible. Ty rannical masters and unfeeling parents would, in many instances, conspire to doom the wretched victims under 13 to work alternately in different factories for a longer period than is now done, and the sufferers would be without hope of redress. We have no hesitation in saying that any such sys tem of alternate gangs of children would, in a plu rality of cases, become a bitter aggravation of the sufferings of the manufacturing population. But what would be the fate of those above 13, under the provisions of a Bill ushered in by these Factory Commissioners? The most unfeeling wretch that ever existed could hardly contemplate what must be its inevitable results with calmness and indif ference. But is this limitation of ages —a limita tion evidently hit upon to serve the interests of certain employers—sanctioned by any law, phy sical, political, or divine? Alas ! for these rash and inconsiderate men, every principle of na ture, every feeling of benevolence, every law of hu man existence is outraged by their proposition. The child under 13 is to work eight hours only. The child above 13 may, and often will be com pelled lengthof edby this 4, precious regulation to l a b our twice t h e period of puberty is establi s h e d , " as that age false a dictum as was ever promulgated for the cruellest purpose ? Where is the individ ua l to b e time. Is not their ass ert i on, t h at at found, out of the ranks of these Commissioners who conceives that the child of 13, consequently one year earlier than that at which the law of the land pronounces children to be rotentes in corpore, is ca- pable of the exertion which will be required of it ? But the proposition is no: seen in all its deformity, unless we remember that the great majority of the workers are females; and we will venture to say that knowing, as these Commissioners now must know, the excessive labour to which these children are subjected by the factory system, the leaving wholly unprotected the young female of 13, or even of years beyond that age, is one of the most dis graceful examples of what sordid natures ever pro posed or palliated. It would be an affront to any man of medical science to ask him whether that is not precisely the period when the sex demands the most vigilant care and the most indulgent consideration ? With respect to this point, we might send these gentlemen to the evidence on Sir Robert Peel's Bill, and especially to that of the justly-celebrated Mr. Simmons. We might also refer them to what such men as Blundell, Blizard, Elliotson, Tuthill, Carlisle, Green, Key, Guthrie, Bell, Morgan, Hodgkin, Travers, Smith, Young, Malyn, Brodie, and Roget, have said on this subject. A host of physiological writers might also be quoted, but it is unnecessary. For ourselves, we would appeal to the mothers of England, in preference to any medi cal authority whatever. We would ask them whether this is the period in which their daughters should be left to the tender mercies of the factory system, such as it is now proved to be ? We might ask the Commissioners themselves, individually, in the language of the poet, " Art thou of woman born, and feel'st no shame?" Secondly, The proposition in question is irrecon cileable with the physical laws of nature. The Com missioners have actually, to serve the purposes of the relay system, described the hours of night to mean only the interval between ten o'clock at night and four in the morning ; disregarding, therefore, the usages of all nations, and the law of nature itself. " Are there not twelve hours in the day ?" asks Christ, " the friend and lover of children." The Factory Commissioners answer, " There shall be eighteen." " The night cometh, when no man can work," says the same Divine authority; but " the night cometh when the child of 13 or 14 shall," say the Factory Commissioners. " Man shall go forth to his work and to his labour in the morning," and " the sun shall not go down on the unpaid wages of his toil," says the Book of God l but the book of the Factory Commissioners says " the child shall go forth to its work in the evening, and shall often be compelled to toil all night, if it shall have survived the venerable age of thirteen !" Thirdly,—The proposition is inconsistent with the established regulations of domestic life. See the mother that has to send part of her family to the factory on the relay system, and part on the unregu lated system. Her day must, of course, commence at least half an hour earlier, and terminate half an hour later than the periods mentioned, while her children must be wandering to their work many hours before day, and returning many hours after the sun has gone down even in summer. But what must be their condition in the wintry and inclement seasons of the year ? In either case they must be vagabonds, and the mother a slave. In a word, the whole system, so far from being reconcileable with domestic comforts, tuition, er affection, mocks at every attempt to realise them, and would render the cottage, at the best, a miserable care vansera. Lastly, —The proposition of these Corn. missioners is contrary to the common law of the realm, as well as to the laws of physiology, of na• ture, and of God. Children of at least one sex, while under fourteen, are held, by the ancient law of the realm, to be, as we have already observed, non potentes incorpore, that being the established period when the poorer classes had, not to corn menee strenuous labour, but to apprendre—to be come apprentices, in order to learn some craft and employment by which they might be qualified to obtain their livelihood when they should become adults. Still less did, or does, that law tolerate the idea of a child of thirteen years being, to use their own language, "properly speaking, a free agent." This proposition, then, of theirs goes to establish, and to legalize, if we may so speak, one of the most 1 hateful and demoralizing results of the fac tory system, attempting by a direct sanction the total disruption of those mutual ties which bind parents and children, and, consequently, threatening to inflict upon society the most fatal and hideous consequences. In short, this sys tem of relays for children under thirteen, accoms panied by this horrible compromise—namely, the withdrawal of protection from those who are above that age, involves consequences which no man worthy of the name can contemplate for one instant without feeling the deepest disgust both at the pro position, and at its propounders. But they may rely upon it that the people of England will not endure this Mammon, or rather Moloch worship, any longer among them. Strong as is the cause of the factory child, and fast as is the hold which it has taken of the British public, if any thing were still wanting to give it additional force, it would be found in the insulted and kindling feelings of the adult manufacturers of the country. These would, of course, have to work against two sets of relays, and their period of toil would, therefore, become perfectly intolerable. Often these are, " properly speaking," as much free agents as the children themselves. Let the recommendation of the Commissioners be adopted, and they will be come free agents indeed. Another set of Commis. sioners, wearing another colour and costume than these youthful Barristers, must be sent down to settle the dispute which shallow and mercenary meddlers will have provoked; and the British sol dier will be disgraced, and the blood of British pa rents will have to flow, that the child under thir teen may be worked in relays, and the child above that age may be worked to the death. We earnestly implore our statesmen to look to this question, and to remember that in treating it they have to deal with one of the holiest feelings of our nature—parental solicitude. If this, in the case of Witt Tyler, in a dark and enslaved age, shook the empire to its foundations, what may we not expect from its outrage at this momentous period, when the people are alive to their natural rights, and fully conscious of their power of asserting them ? We will only just add that the Journal which was the first to announce the Factory Report also gives us to appre hend that the public money has been expended, not so much for the purpose of obtaining a due protection for the children, as for the base and ini quitous purpose of insulting and maligning those who have disinterestedly taken up their cause, and who, we are confident, will persevere through evi l as through good report, till thi s " d a mned spot " upon the national character shall be finally washed away. —Morning Herald. LORD LOVATT.—(From " Walpole's Let ters.") —When he came to the Tower, he told them, that if he were not so old and infirm, they would find it very diffi cult to keep him there. At his own house he used to say, that for 30 years of his life he never saw a gallows but it made his neck ache. The first day, as he was brought to his trial, a woman looked into the coach, and said, You ugly old dog ! Don't you think you will have that frightful head cut off ?" He replied, " You ugly old -- I believe I shall." A shocking catastrophe, which has occasioned a strong sensation in the neighbourhood, occurred last week at Chesham. WILLIAM MILES, a young man of respectable appearance and connections, a native of Dept ford, had formed an illicit connection with MARY GOMME LEWIS, a native of the former place, with whom he had lived several month.. A short time since she loft him, and returned home to her friends. About a fortnight ago be came to Chesham, and wished her to go back with hi m ; and on Thursday afternoon he pulled out a pistol, and told her that if she would not return with him be would shoot himself. She, however, refused. The fol:owing morning he carried his threat into execution, by shooting himself through the head, in a public path in the Park; his brains were scattered about for several yards in a shocking manner. An inquest was held on his body, and a verdict of "Feb de se" returned. The body was put into a shell, with his clothes, and interred about ten the same night, in the churchyard, without ceremony. Some letters were found in his pocket, one of which was addressed to the young woman above mentioned, whom he styled his "dear wife," and in which be expressed a wish that his ghost might haunt her as long as she lived. AGRICULTURAL REPORT FOR JUNK The month of June has been as varied as the cli mate of England is proverbially said to be. There has been much bright, hot, sunshine, storms of wind, one amounting almost to a tropical hurricane, rain, hail, thunder and lightning. The general cha racter of the weather in the former part of the month was a continuation of the drought of the preceding May, in the latter portion the phenomena above mentioned have occurred. But even during the prevalence of the general drought showers were flying about partially and capriciously, pouring down moisture and fertility on favoured spots, while all around was dry and parched. From this irregula rity in the distribution of moisture, combined with variations in the nature of the soil, has arisen a marked and immense difference in the state of the crops in various situations. With respect to the hay, the greater portion of which is now secured, in the Southern districts at least, nothing can be more different than the produce in different situations, and under different circumstances. With res pect to ray-grass and trefoil, and what is called field hay in general, there is every gra dation, from a few straggling bents, hardly worth skimming with the scithe, to a good full swarth, sufficient to call forth the exertions of the mower and to content the grower; the scanty crop, however, is the general rule, and the abundant only the occasional exception, called forth by moisture and fertility of sod, or an extra proportion of feeding showers. The same, with little variation, may be said of upland meadows, which, though in some situations yielding a cut thick at bottom, have eel. dom pushed up their herbage to any height. Sain foin, when in the prime of its age, yields a fair though not full crop; and clover, on good strong land, is generally bulky; but on thin hot uplands the drought has been too powerful for it, and it has frequently dwindled into insignificance. The early cut hay, which this year forms no inconsiderable portion of the whole, was secured in excellent order, where not hurried to the stack in too succulent a state, so as to produce over-heating ; but where the old proverb of" making hay while the sun shines" was neglected, various and too often adverse fortune has befallen the later mown grass, the showers hav ing fallen heavy and frequent. There has been a large breadth of ray and trefoil saved this year for seed, which is full and well set, and, if not injured by the rain which is falling, promises to afford a good as well as ample produce. There is also a great inequality in the condition of the corn crops; less, perhaps, apparently, in wheat than in other grain, owing to the great depth to which its fibrous roots are known to penetrate, almost beyond the reach of atmospheric influences. But if wheat has been less injured by the drought than grain of other descriptions, yet there are circumstances which may induce an appre hension of its having received some damage from other causes. June is the season when wheat puts forth its bloom, on the due development of which, and its duration for an appointed time, depends the regular formation of the grain. The frail, fluttering blossom, attached to the germen by a slender thread, is best enabled to maintain its situation, and perform its office, in a dry, calm, and unruffled atmosphere; but it will be recollected that just at the critical mo ment of the appearance of the blossom, came that violent wind and hurricane which did so much da mage in various ways, and among others, by tearing off the bloom from the wheat. It is true that in the earliest sown, or earliest sorts of wheat, the blossom might have already done its duty, and the kerning of the grain commenced at the period alluded to, in which case the danger would be avoided; and in other instances the blossom may have been partially re-produced, nature having furnished this important plant with the wonderful faculty of performing this operation; but, nevertheless, it may be feared that at harvest many abortive capsules may be found in the ears of the wheat, from the injury sustained at the blooming period. But another and very serious mischief to the wheat crop may be traced to the effects of that tremendous gale. Much of the plant in exposed situations is bent and broken in the straw; some in weak soils, just above the root, where, in such situations, it had begun to give out; in some the straw is broken in more than one place; and in others the whole is driven onward, the greater portion and the stalk lying prostrate,with just the upper part and the ears turning upwards. Where such circumstances occur, and they do but too often, it seems hardly probable that the forma tion of the grain can proceed favourably, either as it, regards quantity or quality. Nevertheless there is a large portion of the wheats which look well, and, unless a glut of wet should succeed to the dry weather we have had, promise to afford an early and abundant harvest. It is in barley that the greatest variety of appearance occurs. There is much in mellow, kind, fertile soils, which even through the whole of the dry weather, maintained a healthy and prosperous, if not luxuriant appear. ance; there is much which these rains will Coster and cherish into a fair and decent crop; but there is also much which nothing can ever reanimate or re cover. Of the early sown, much on thin light soils at length gave way before the drought : the weak est plants withered, and the whole became thin and spindly. Of the late sown some never vegetated, and some was irrecoverably stinted in growth and strength; while luckily the middle and main sowing maintained itself in decent mediocrity better than either of the two extremes. The hot sands, where, in moist summers, much good barley is grown, present a miserable appearance, withered up beyond the power of rain or moisture to restore. Oats, especially on cool soils, have kept up a decent appearance; but, though, assisted by these rains, the straw must ge nerally be short. The partial showers which fell before the middle of the month enabled farmers in those favoured spots to sow their turnips, and there the hoe has been already at work; but generally even the Swedes and forward sorts are still in an infant state, but luckily not much attacked by the fly ; the main crop of turnips is yet to be sown. Sheep have turned pretty well out of their wool, and the clip may be considered as an average one. Wool has improved in price, and seemsstill inclined to advance, while trade in the clothing districts is brisk, with a good demand for the articles manufac tured. The corn market, after a temporary advance, has again receded ; but from the uncertainty of the turn which things may take, holders of wheat are not inclined to part with it on lower terms. The meat market is brisk, and rather higher prices are obtained for goodarticles. Sheep stock of all de scriptions is dear, and lambs have been selling at quite extravagant prices. Favourable accounts have hitherto been received from the hop districts. MARKET INTELLIGENCE. LONDON MARKETS. (From the' London New Price Current" of yesterday.) SUGAR—The demand for Muscovades was very steady last week, but the buyers only purchased for their immediate wants ; the prices were without alteration ; the estimated sales were 2,700 hhds. and trs. This day, by public sale, 158 hhds. Barbadoes, Ms. 6d. a 575. 6d., all sold about former prices. This afternoon the Market is rather flat; the sales about 500 hhds. and trs. The stock of West India Sugar is now 31,090 hhds. and trs., being 6,368 more than last year. The stock of Mauritius is 133,277 bags, being 54;176 more than last year. The delivery of West India is 2,296 hhds. and trs., being 1,452 less than last year. The delivery of Mauritius 6,407 bags, being 4,212 less than the corresponding week of 1832. In the Refined Market there has been little business; the shippers do not purchase, and as the wholesale grocers have got sup plies for immediate use, they have not purchased to any ex tent; there is no alteration in the prices. MAURITIUS' SUGAR—The public sales have gone off' steadily at full 'Market prices; in some instances 6d. higher. This day by public sale 5,2.54 bags Mauritius Sugar, good brown 495. 6d. a 525., yellow 525. 6d. a 565., steady prices, about one half taken in. • EAST INDIA SUGAR—There is no alteration in East India Sugars the small purchases reported are at previous prices. FOREIGN SUGAR.—There are no sales of Foreign Sugar to report ; the market continues dull, but the holders do not appear inclined to force sales. Average price of Sugar 9s. 4 IA d. per cwt. COFFEE.—East India Coffee is again Is. a 2s. higher. At public sale last week Ceylon sold in parcels 58s. a 595. 6d., and yesterciay by private contract Ms, a 614.; large parcels of Sti. tVPDII THE MAX that they a, may he v BRASS an SHELLS, MIXED M ht`en divide( tion to the eltdruinee !Previous to IA Cataloguf ' l ,titi willing N'Cretary's whole or an on orbefore metre ord. 475. a 505., good and:fine ord. 535. a 565. ; god Mysore 70s. 6d.; for St. Domingo 58s. is now asked / 1 mixed Brazil with blacks, sold at 51s. In British Plan s' Coffee there was little variation. By public sale this dl casks Jamaica Coffee, low mid. 955. a 975., fine 116 s. 6d. s all sold rather higher. COCOA.—The British Plantation Cocoa offered last at public sale went off at low prices, ord. to good VP 50s. 6d. a 585., ord. to fair Grenada 495. 6d. a 525.; the' Brazil was bought in at 20s. 6d. RUM, BRANDY, AND HOLLANDS.—There has I a general and rather extensive demand for Rum, partieol for the Jamaica descriptions, common quality 26 to 3.5 1 sold in extensive parcels at 2s. Bd. a 2s. 11d., good quality e l and for fine 3s. 6d., the holders now ask for the latter 3s l Leewards proofs have been sold at Is. the holders I ask 2s. In Brandy or Geneva there is little alteration. TALLOW.—The Tallow Market continues steady. COTTON.—The Cotton Market continues very lirMl, sales last week consisted of ab ou t 8 ,000 b ags, which was eV sive, considering the limited stock at Market; the purer were chiefly Surats 5%c1. a 6 hd. EA, T" UNI lENGLANE do hereby g ' That a G will be held nay next , I - neon, for th Bill which moos, entitl the India e ( Majesty' ) I n The said delivered to NEXT, it Ti SPlCES.—Pepper has not been in such general donsi during the previous week, but the prices are supported, heavy 3%d. a 4 Xd. About 2,000 bags Pimento cha hands last week, mid, to fair 41d. a 436 d. TEA.—The market is stationary, the transactions limited, COCHINEAL.—There is little alteration in Cochini l some fine quality has been sold at a further advance Of per lb. HOPS.—The accounts from the Hop districts contie the most favourable description. SALTPETRE.—There are few transactions to repo , Saltpetre. RlCE.—There is no material alteration in Rice. INDIGO.—The sale, which commences on this Paiatenger week, is increased to 6,411 chests, the market is in conseV e not quite so brisk ; the premium on the last sale, Is. a ls , . per lb., is still, however, maintained. LAC DYE.—The late sales of Lac Dye are estimate 4l HE 1 2,000 chests. The manufacture in India is stated to beg rS, 1r reduced, on account of the low prices in England. The P' b . , off G are D T at 3s. ; IMR at 2s. Id. ; C and E at Is. 10d.; et - rpl . ; JOIY and Co at 2s. 6d. ; IC at Is. 10d. ; S H and Co at 18.8 d. ; $ i v s 've at N E M at Is. 9d. " ° ° 11 ; cal! DRYSALTERIES, DYES, &c.—Galls in lively deman d the advanced quotations. Madder and Madder Roots nit . Pause. much in request ; but the stock is small, and the holders d P el Shumac in better de man d , b ut no further advance in priel " fie re- el feuc p. Valonea in demand at higher rates. Brimstone dull. _ Do wn ' e s lee ' flower in geod demand for export. The late arrivals of IA Be r th s "" wood and Fustic are considerable; the latter, particularly' eir ''' ,: ll' l o , ' ." very heavy. Camwood, Sanders, Nicaragua wood, all ddr i o f i U ' - •eC Brazil wood is much higher, eighty tons of very fine sola, "Of GP, auction at 84/. and upwards. Argol and Cream Tartar sof Tifi--,- demand. ' v4 This day's sale 21 casks and 2 bags Ginger 61. 16s. a 91. 6 : rather higher ; 155 bags Pime n t o , 4IA d. a 4% ~ all sold • extra on. ASHES.—Ashes firm in p r i ce, w i t h sales snaking. I. Th e 7 , A , ii . U 1 TURPENTINE.—The only arrival since th e l arge sale 111. at, i b Sll : direct to drawers ; no sales made. ANT `",. Y 9LO( OlL.—Sperm continues to advance, and several hunt!, 1,....4n 0 Ti tuns have been sold ; 631. has been paid, and a further advr, of ij A vv rt,..l6l asked. Seal and Cod Oil keep up, and about 100 tuns Grec vil uE. land Oil sold at 261. naked. Olive Oil as last week. In B sl , TION oi t , z l Oil considerable sales have been made at quotations. Lisew Zll. The P Oil heavy of sale at a trifling reduction in last week's prices., 811 1 41' .(JSI FRUIT.--The sales of Currants have been rather extensi; IX . p l yB of nearly 400 butts and caroteels 655. and 665. ; the prices are x . t ,„k_ RT ' l ' uttEII per cwt. higher; there are also some purchases of Valet?, Raisins at low prices ; all o th er d escr i pt i ons of Fruit are 17 ' ''''','"*................ glected. Will Le Tliis COUNTRY CORN DIARKLI'S DURING THE WE! .. > 5. - L Barley. _l_ o , ats. ETT] 12ez, 17i;0 13Eri 8. 1 .. to; duct rdsint, d 34 , °f 181 l th . I; ; 1 0 oe. By C :1 ~., RE PLY t 0? 0 b k. eneral Lo '.l 12J :36 C° 1, 6 ,/lonel Napi NORWICH, June 29. boards. - 44s 575. 625. Beans (per qr.) —..... 265. l 3 Jame li;d_ 20s. 265. 28s. Pease, G re y 285.:3% '""••.---....,........c..:: 20s. 245. 265. Flour, fine (p er sac k ) 425. j jaiSTOI Ne w ready, the reeentl , with upw .t.: I'l E t ; , ;7anodiikteidt oo : If(lae.. o rnßetg e : NET This New enllat eral inf .than that of Nhlishee to ree t --_ et ; a n e I 4 LiP ''n the ist Wheat. 8 to S. 44 58 57 53 67 42 58 40 50 43 58 46 54 47 59 45 64 Per Quarter. Boston Gainsborough Grantham Lincoln Spilsby Stamford_ 8. to S. s, to 24 33 13 - 34 - 36 41 17 24 34) 14 20 22 10 20 26 16 20 24 16 30 36 21 22 27 10 Wheat (per qr.) Barley Oats Wheat, whit, CANTERBURY, June 29 575. to 635. —s. to 48s. to 60s. Ok —s. to ---, 265. to 325. Grinding.. 225. to 2 1 . 20s. to 255. 20s. to 29 0 ' 31s to 355. Old-- —s. to •-• 1 ' 30s. to 36x...,.,.,. Grey-- SOL to 341_1 red........., Barley, Malting Oats ....................... .--................W•• Pease ----, Wheat MANCHESTI , per 70Ib. Bs. 9d. to 9s. ( Barley, per 60Ib 5 0 5 Beans, per Imperial quarter Pease, White, per Imperial bust Malt, per 6 Imperial bushels Flour, per Sack of 2801 b 't, June 29. I. f1ed...... 7s, Oats 2 I. 9.1. to Bs.R ° 9 3 v O 39 tr O 5 1 O 42 n v 0 46 11 36 let 5 38 40 IRISH MA . DUBLIN MARKET NOI .RKETS. 'E.—FRIDAY ) June 28. , From ro Averar z 23 0 31 6 23 v —o o 0 13 0 0 _ 0 8 0 10 6 9 g 4 0 19 0 .7, 8 0 12 0 9 iv 14 9 19 0 'Flour 40, Od. per , .......... from 178. Od. , 5....... from 14s. Od. 1 .......... from 53. Od. !MEAD. lalf Quartern 317 Wheat, per barrel 20 stone O 8ete..,,,,..,,..,.,,,,, 16 stone 48 8ar1ey...................... 16 stone 1,849 Oats ....,.—..... 12 stone 5,758 Cwt. F10ur.............. 9 stone 577 Oatmeal 8 stone Sold to Bakers only. 12,960 Cwt. Flout ...-- . Av- Id __verage Price of Wheat and Receipts of Flour, 11,241 Sales of Do. 15,758 Thirds, PRICE OF 19 1 14 kit ack. 4 to 19i. r: to 16s. FAR to 101. 0 A COLE C ollecti on 46" Publishtd Quartern Loaf. Quartern Loaf,. . 730. l Half Quartern ~ tr o li Pub lishtd Wheat, Barley. Oats. ' Flour, per cwt. ~ per barrel per b arre l per b arre l r .. -.-.A.--..''' reb 1 20 stone. 16 stone. 14 stone. Ist. 2d. ' The .. 'TI _.---1 ,) \ ir .- 1 1E1,,5 . _............___reet, s. d. a s.d.l s.d. a s.d. s. d. as. d. s. d. as. d. s. d.as-„f v D ,vP.I), 1, C0rk..,...... 230 280 120 13 0 9 2 10 213 6 16 6 5 0 1.0. 3 / 4 tcP, kv 4 , 4' Cons yAL Limerick 22 0 25 99 4 12 0 8 2 h..14 P t di : ;-; ' Waterford 21 0 25 010 0 12 0 8 0 9017 0 18 010 0 131 Il i ,„ - "at , ed Clonmel .... 23 4 25 912 0 13 0 7 0 8216 0 17 013 0 1 , , , ,1. ......4ort.s t Carlow -. 25 0 27 010 0 11 0 7 0 8616 6 18 0 0 0 ...Y.,. ..-, , Beef, Mutton, Pork, Butter. per lb. per lb. per cwt. Ist. 24. :id. 4th. 5 0 A ' lB, ng t 1.,..." e_ e s i , r r Cork ....._.... d s . i a d, d, d 5. a d 6. . ?,3 s. (1 6 . a 2 5 6 ,1 0 . 7 5. 4 d 0 . 72 5. d O . 6 5.;1 , . ) 50 s. d ij ii 44 . 1 of T W o ß gi.. - ; t : Limerick- 3 4 3i 434 0 35 0,74 0680 63 0 .54 0 ~, 0 0 3,, is I ‘Vatertord 3 6 3 525 0 26 0175 073070066 0 Dv 0 ; ord er of Clonmel - 3,,1 451 61 32 0 33 01:9 074(I- 0 - 9 -"' o Carlow- 4 51 0 0 00 0070060 0 50 0 -0 .: :: . , T ts. ti KILKRNNY.-Butter 78s to 80s. per cwt. ; Wheat 225. to '. 1 . 5 ;:- per barrel ; Flour 20s. to 345. per bag; Oats 75. to Os. per 0 4 t.,., AFT, rel ; Barley 12s. to 13s. ; Beef 4d. to 5.1. per lb. ; Mutton " 0 „"anc e , to M. ; Potatoes 2d. per stone; Coals Is. 24. per cwt.; Bac° rrOu ß g A Pigs 265. to 275. Od. per cwt. lid" '''''', cal . ce 0 , (110 site Farm' a SCOTCH MARKETS. HADDINGTON CORN M A !Mgr.-June 28. p, n ,,, t h e ~* and L Wheat. Barley. Oats. Pease. ;Beam Isle , , First 62s Od 27s Od 20s Od 30s 0d •29s 0,..,a rter es „, o 4 1 Second s3s Od 24s Od 193 Od 28s Od 28s (2; ( ~, „' rich , l'hird There were 484 qrs. of Wheat in market, 4 whereof were sow' very hiph r- ' ' 30 Unsold.-0 Grey. ,Of M il ..•• Pita. Average 2/. 13s. 10d. 3.l2ths. ....." T h 'e• 11 e Gro DA LKIETH CORN MA It KET.-June 27. taken ~ , v Wheat. Barley. Oats. Pease. Beane. „-4 a val First 64s Od 28s Od 22s 4d 31s Od 31$ 10 , . 3 1ezu o , Second Third 44s Od 2is Od 18s Od 26i Od 205 '"' D I toes re -sr f ti , t 6, - n ri aPply R e , '' EXTRAORDINARY OCCURRENCE.-^k , " solk i ‘ LI , It Thursday, while Mr. MONTGOMERY, banker, in Irvine' Se 'tors, Ly and another gentleman were fishing in the river Garnne/ c ,' Win. ' New Mansion. they were struck with the appearance of a whirlpool 0 th e lain Squit the centre of the river, which appeared as if the water s whe kii ,..2Le a plan were rapidly descending into the earth. They immediatel concluded that the bed of the river had given way, 813 I NERAL .! that the waters were descending into the colleries b e ' CAYED T math, and hastened to the nearest pit's mouth to give '11) CORRODJ alarm. The men below soon heard the mighty ruabior 'Wir es or of of the waters, and hastened to escape, which, provider' o Nsi NI tially, they all effected though without a moment to spare ' several Th e 8T gill REST, of them being up to their necks in water. "terthive-p'atPrt troolfrssior water continued to pour into the extensive cavities be M'RE E T T ' BI reach, and the next day a tremendously large space brills down, into which the whole river descended, leaving ,I t : l s heir bed quite dry for the space of a mile on each side of OP Mist' aperture, where it had previously been full six feet deer Publi! i l a, re On the flowing of th e t id e t h e d ept h o f t h e water belS r 3 AYEO , gee the chasm increased to ni ne f ee t ; th e d eso l a ti on Ws! 817 CcE b IE awful. The water still rus h e d i n a to rrent i nto the 'a cu i t AN; earth. Three men in a boat had an almost miraculoOr Fe et ti is of Lo 70, witliot escape from being sucked into the vortex ; they had r° ~,Pain, h e P e rtui sooner got out than the boat was drawn down with fear LEP.T i at .' or ful rapidity. The great body of water continued to pou r WHOL D I _ I ' a 1 down till the whole workings which extended many nrileelabov, /,',,° P were completely filled. A new scene of terror presenter' ato,,flk.;.Oß itself--tie imprisoned air, pressed by the weight of w ater , te e d burst through the staface of the earth in a thousan d actin g ft asvve pl ms, which, fur the extent of many acres, presented th e llie .--- Cha r appearance of a boiling caldron. Immense quantities ol yessf ui r Faculty sand and water were thrown up, and descended lil' i ',, kit. oult o torrents of rain for many hours. By this calamity sr) ',la and ~o , e da Y 5 ) At Ai " ' hut.dred persons are thrown out of employment; and I° A'lnga-streglor extensive is the destruction as to preclude the hope that r, , he works can ever be restored to their former state.--" Edinburgh Evening Courant. _':--------""------s- MOD een greatl hN naVi 9 di 4b l e toan g n atOre ► Pr°BeeUte the Th e t er l ' 7 ; Ike. ; dried 'ade to g h e , a" Nan "irds of th 14 , Und er I °, 2 - e ent 401'4). BIRTHS. On the Ist inst., at Ely, the Lady of Thomas Page, Esq., of daughter. On the al inst., the Lady of Henry Kirk, Esq., of Pierce' field Cottage, Regent's.park, of a son. MARRIED. On the Ist inst., at Rougham, Suffolk, the Rev. John Hul l ' of Brasennose College, Oxford, t o L uc y B roo k e , the second daughter of Robert Bevan, Esq., of Rougham Rookery. On the 2d inst., at St. George's, Hanover.square, CharleOf eldest son of Admiral Stirling, of Woburn Farm, Chertsel, Surrey, to Mary Elizabeth, daughter of Henry Harrison, EoF of Heath Bank, in the county of Chester. __..s PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY MURDO YOU N G y AT CIO Silt 4 OFFICE 112, STRAND, LONDON