The Sun. — London, England, 1863-12-03 00:00:00

LONDON, THURSDAY, DEC. 3, 1863. The changes which the last few years have ected in the railway traffic in England are almost i ncredible. They certainly would have appeared Incredible if foretold some twenty years back. Tn, ..re is hardly two ces so great a distinction between th e di fferent vina‘iti maps of France, as divided into Pre epartments, as there is in the travel ling ml p and the England gland as affected by the Roads some time Itli, : 3'a. The change which has f u r is nocv malting itself especially the whole syst e m especially felt in the head and heart of th e a transformation esempire' Landau is undergoing genius of the Arabiac:;l3lete as that effected by a o l u g l ita• Where our fathers wa lked, we ride, and From London to York was sons will go by steam. D e lace a coach an d h orse journey, now from Ch ar i ng. Bte London Bridge is a matter of railway tram °t lir LoneQne ery shortly it will be as natural to the n eeinghbouring railway train to p a y a reora t i ° s tep into a e xecute a commission in 4 g visi t, or street as it is for the Venetian to aese d into hi s gondola. The practical convenience of these changes, as effecting business men in this pre eminently busy age, whe n time is computed, not by days and hours, but by minutes and fractious, is of immense importance, and the railways who are responding to the great demand for speed will very certainly reap the profit of their speculativ e enterprise. It is said that the new railway just opened between Charing.cross and the city has cost no less than a CI,OOO a-yard! but even that enormous outlay implies no risk on the part of shareholders. This is a " great fact," which, more forcibly than a hundred argu ments, exhibits the wonderful extent to which rail way travelling is adopted by the B r itish million. I a proportion as the public convenience and rail way prosperity increase so must the prudent can- Vo n of the authorities become more vigilant in all dint t regards the public safety. As an evid e nce ' tee railway travelling is not in itself more marily dangerous than other modes of traffic we record today a painful case in which by the carelrs i ne " of arailway omnibus driver a promising youth Was rendered a helpless invalid for life. A very heavy swat ': r damages will afford but a poor compensationn f dii,tinguihed Coll or the blighted lif e w hi c h his SO touchingly arilnsel, I‘ir- Sergeant SHEE, happen e d t IY alluded to. Thi s acc i den t might have any stage coach w ith a reckless driver. Most ofthe accidents on railways are due to similar ca use, want of thought and want of c are. In many recent i nstanns danger has been incurr ed or very narrowly a voided by the dangerous custom which su frequentl y preva i ls in a carriage road c ross a rail country parts of letti n g Way Hue. The Prince of WALES some few months back had very nearly been subjected to some ctlia, imitous accident of this kin 3. The crossroads, and the many mischances more or less significant of which they are the occasion, demand the attentive consideration of the railway authorities. At the same time the discipline maintained with every subordinate connected with the line should be as strict as that preserved of old with the Roman soldiers. Such considerations must not be lost sight of by the railway "powers that be," now, at the moment of their great :and successful enterprise. On their success we may cordially congratulate both the enterprising originators and the promoters of the new London lines, and the public, whose convenience will be so materially en enhanced by these improvements. Dr. DARWIN might, indeed, consider himself a true prophet could he now behold "the flying car" impelled across Hungerford Bridge by the might of that "unrivalled steam" whose marvellous achievements he so wonderfully foretold. MR. BEECHER cannot complain of being unap preciated. His return to America has been the signal for one of those extravagant outbursts of welcome in which the inhabitants of that country take so deep a delight. It would have been impos- Bible to overrate the reception accorded to the great man. Animated by the occasion, Mr. BEECHER spoke in somewhat a different strain from what he did in his speeches over here. He was more mode rate in his tone in some respects,and more gracious in his demeanour. His expressions of pleasure at his ret'irn were evidently genuine, and it is certainly better that be should be in a congenial sphere in stead of wearing himself out by endeavouring to force convictions upon those of opposite tendencies to his own. He was wasting his energies to no purpose in trying to cram his ultra notions and ex treme views into the minds of those whose general opinions were diametrically opposed to him, and who regarded him with a jealous, and even perhaps a prejudiced eye. The time of probation is past, and the wanderer returns to his home, the pilgrim regains his native land, and the shores resound with delight, and the people vie with each other in acclaim, and make his restoration among them a sort of jubilee. It is interesting to dwell upon the short discourse of the hero of the scene, because although he distinctly said that he was not going on that occasion to make a " speech," still he ex pressed his views concerning the country he had visited in his brief tour ; and sometimes an un• guarded sentence uttered among friends, where the armour of defence is for a moment thrown aside, is more likely to reveal the true state of feel ing, and disclose the actual conviction of the mind, than when, with due state and solemn pre paration we listen to the studied oration, full of well-weighed sentences, and rife with that peculiar frankness which often hides all that we want to know, and prevents us from hearing all of which we are particularly anxious to be informed. It must have been especially satisfactory to his hearers to learn from Mr. BEECHER that thoughout the period of his extensive wanderings, in England, France, Switzerland, Northern Italy, Germany, and Belgium, he was deeply impressed with nothing so much as the memory of those he left behind him, and the thoughts of a return to them were the load. stone of his way. When Mr. BEECHER comes to talk of our localities he is sure to put some bitter ingredients into the discourse. When he mentions this country the best he can say is the questionable compliment implied in the line— " England, with all thy faults, I love thee still." There is so much to complain of in us and our nation that it seems surprising he should take the trouble to do so at all. Why not let us alone, some might impatiently exclaim ? But these cavillers are in too much hurry; they do not perceive that the orator of the American pulpit has recognised a mission that has taken him across the broad Atlan tic to preach the words of wisdom, and lay the truths of important subjects of great and glorious import before cur benighted lives. He is now enjoying the respite from his arduous toil, and re counting to enthusiastic bearers what ho has under gone from the perils of the deep, and the struggles with minds unconverted to the great doctrine of freedom, which he tried to inculcate upon them. Mr. BEECHER makes a short allusion to the reticence practised in France. He says he looked at the people, for he was " denied any other privilege of intercourse with them." Perhaps experience will one day show the rulers of that nation the incalculable losses that they incurred in not being permitted to listen to the New World notions which are so powerfully unfolded by the energetic oratory of Mr. BEECHER. After travelling the beautiful and vine clad coun tries, he bent his steps again to England, and it is encouraging to hear that, on the occasion of his second visit, he found less cause for displeasure than on his first arrival. He breathed freer, and said, " Thank GOD for Eogland !" He appealed from "England misinformed to England better in formed." The reminiscences of his experiences here appear to have been very satisfactory to Mr. BEECHER, and this must be a source of great plea sure to his friends, when they remember the great exertions he made, which in some places were so ill requited. It might strike a sober observer that there is ample scope for the exercise of powers of mind and energy of endurance among his own people, without Mr. BEECHER making all this parade of our " wrongheadedness, prejudice, and corruption among commercial classes." Allowing, for the sake of argument, that some great thinker and social im prover went over to the great continent where these utterances were heard, might he not with truth and reason declare that there was wrong, bitter and in excusable violence, abroad among the people ? Might he not tell the States at strife for an idea that they were darkening the promise and sapping the strongholds of their country's strength, by covering the soil with the corpses of her c hildre n e Might they not strive to inculcate th e If thi was doctrines of forbearance, and prove that liberty does n ot li e in controlling the destinies of others. _We shouldnever done or s a id, w h a t rage an d i n di gna ti on would BPVSad from one end of the land t o another he ar t h e l as t o f i mpert i nent in terference and ab prejudi ces . At a ll even t s , if we are so faulty, ail r t d i . must bo taught. by f ore i gners o ur duties and our work, let it not be an emissary ' f rom the land so rife w i th ' Pteeudices who tells us me o t t i b e a citizen of the to be quit of them—let i t , e , in an c a lu st e e s r t s ion bu ; t a t n h d em le - t w h o would see no them selves, who calls our , lib'r ties ~ wro n e l;-eh r end e eed n : man of the raoe \e h, e __ ate carrying on the riot most eceltudnetrp3l-orabie war the world has dare to speak ness." There is consistency in all thin gs , and even a word against our an American idol should be forced to reco gn i se its laws and bend to its supremacy. It is to be feared that no faults are found at home because that Would be unpalatable discourse. But the eloquent and earnest speaker who knows so much, has more to learn if he is ignorant that the wisest thing a friend can do is to tell of what is irjurions to those in whom he takes so deep An interest. Flatt erers ma y cejole, and mistaken well-wishers call out peace when there is no peace; but the men of deep thought and real feeling, who have their country's welfare at hear;, will, at all times and in all places, risk their own popularity rather than let a known evil or a manifest wrong in the sigl t of OOD and man be carried on without their voice being raised in protest or their energies exerted in its uprooting. These are the real friends, and the kindest bene factors to their race, and it is to be regretted that such are so few. mwa of t t y h e i s d t i t s e t i value a c l t u i veem placed arks on n f a highlyeducation. civilisedon Long caoftmOn One after the rough and illiterate manners of a young state have died out and the love of war in its rulers has become changed into the science of Government, there is usually a long lapse during which a great gulf divides the few members of the privileged classes from the ranks below them. It is thought enough if the very rudiments of education are con fined to the better sort of people, and the masses have commonly not even the desire to learn. Bock learning, as it is scornfully termed, is looked upon with much the same disfavour as the good old Earl DOUGLAS expressed when he felicitated himself on the fact that only one son of his "could pen a line: , In countries where the principles of constitutional government have not been established, there is very often a feeling on the part of the rulers that it is safer for the people not to be too learned, that the less they trouble their heads about such matters the more submissive and quiet they are likely to be. This idea, like many others, is both right and wrong. There is no force so unmanageable or dangerous as an ignorant mob when once its passions are fully roused, and it is urged on by wily and designing leaders. On the other hand a superior mental training, while it renders men amenable to all just laws and disposed to support law and social order for their own sakes, makes them unwilling to submit to tyrannical and unjust measures, and qualifies them for offering that firm and prolonged resistance to despotism which has so often fought the battle of our English liberties. The difference has been admirably summed up by one who has been one of the great pioneers of popular education in our own day. " Education," says Lord BROUGHAM, " makes men easy to lead, but difficult to drive ; easy to govern, but impossible to enslave." It is, therefore, a favourable sign of the times that in most parts of Europe great efforts are being made for the extension of popular know ledge. In parts of the Continent, indeed, education is in some degree compulsory; but such a system is contrary to the spirit of English rule. All that is done among us must be based on the voluntary principle ; the people themselves must wish for the blessing before they can be made to receive it. At first sight the application of this principle to the case in point might seem of rather doubtful result, however admirable it may be in other matters. Ignorant persons are by no means the most likely to appreciate the blessings of knowledge. There are few children who would not prefer a game at play to their school-books, and in later years the disposition to learn, uncultivated in childhood, grows still less. By the time the untaught child has reached man's or woman's estate, not only has he lost the little aptitude he possessed for acquiring didactic information, but he has begun to think he can do very well without it, and to look with some thing like contempt on those who talk much about the advantages of education. But, notwith stauding all difficulties, the principle, sound in theory, works well in practice, and, thanks to the encouragement and facilities now offered on all sides, there is no lack of students to come forward not only from the idle and untrained, but from the desk, the workshop, the manufactory. At a meeting recently held in Hertford with the object of distributing the prizes and certificates gained by the successful competitors at the late examination of the local board, in connection with the Society of Arts, the Right Hon. W. COWPER, M.P., delivered an address on this subject. He ob served, in commenting on the occasion that had brought them together, that it was impossible to help those who would not help themselves, and that it was, consequently, a source of gratification that so many young men availed themselves of the op• portunities offered to them by the Society of Arts and other institutions. He said very truly that the certificates obtained by the successful students would be doubly valuable to them ; they were not only proofs of their abilities and information, but they were testimonials to the steadiness, self-control, and perseverance which had enabled them when their day's work was over resolutely to turn aside from the amusements of their age to cultivate their minds and pursue their studies. Knowledge thus acquired is not easily forgotten, and the very effort made to apply the mind to such objects, is in itself a species of /rental training. According to the recently de veloped theory, that as much may be learned by chil dren in three days a week as in six, it would not be surprising to find that many of these young students who probably lament the impediments in their way, have learned more, and in a surer fashion, than a large Froportion of our college students. The highest prize given by the Society of Arts has been won by a clerk in a London office, and we may be sure that such a distinction has not been won without long hours of tedious arid unwelcome labour. " A certificate," said Mr. COWPER, " bearing such testimony to the patience, the industry, and the self-control of those young men must hare great weight with all those who are seeking to employ persons of their character, and will be to theea as good as the title deeds of an estate, for they are title deeds of those mental and moral qualities which it is a blessing to them to be able to show." The future opening before a young man of such a character, possessed of sound faculties properly cultivated, is truly a very wide one. Industry, knowledge, and resolution are the chief steps in the upward ladder to fame and fortune, and many a self-taught man his climbed to the very top. The future of our country, as Mr. COWPER justly observed, rests mainly in the hands of the middle classes, and the best security we have for the maintenance of our public rights is to be found in their mental and moral training. The lessons of history serve to point the moral of the scenes going on around us; the teachings of science are in every way valuable, the love of art and literature is a refining and ele vating influence that brings countless blessings in its train. Such advantages are now, thanks to the efforts of the wise and good, placed within reach of all classes, and we trust the youth of England will never fail to do honour to the adoption of the volun tary system in education, as in all other spheres of our social and political existence. on show ME t S h S , R m S o B . t J un A ig Y ut nd p C erf O e . et h a s s y so e rt t ra ° en sv t of BONNETS, which their 'Manager has selected in Paris, and brought back with her to this I ;stAlishment. 217, 24 9, 251, Regent-street. BONNET'S ST.L KS a LYON.—Every Article of commerce talc,7t; Its title either from the inventor or manufacturer, and the n lore perfect the production the grater is the credit which attaches to the originator. an: said to be incapable of idetifica- BONNET'S SILK: i Von Ln England ; but the fallacy ot such an assertions s ex pos :c1 by the very trade mark of the firm, as exhibited by Messrs. JAY, of Regent-street. The following inter coven mark may be seen at the end of each piece ateture de C. J. Bonnet et Cie., it Lyon et a Injurieux." Wes r guaranteed. ROY AL 'ENGLISH. OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN. Under the 3laaatzement of _Alias Louisa Pyne and Mr. W. Harrison. THIS E F .- ENING, for the lOth time, B - die's new Opera, BLANCH C DE NEVE RS : Miss Louisa 0 - ne, Miss Aana Hiles, miss :Emma Heywood; Messrs.W. H. Weiss, EL Cord, A. Cook, A. ...AAlbyll, C. Ly,ll, J. Rouse, and W. Harrison. To conch tcle with the Second Act of THE DESERT FLOWER. Conductor, Mr. A. Mellon. Doors (ppen at half-past Six—_'ommence at Seven. 111E1Etl'iT.RE ROYAL DRURY- LANE. - Manag a7s, Messrs. E. Falconer and F. B. Chatterton. THIS EVENING, her Majesty's Servants will perform the Farce of MY HEART'S IN THE HIGHLANDS: characters by Mr. Neville, Mr. G. Weston, Mr. Warde, Mr..J. Mauls; Mrs. C. Melville, and Miss Harfleur. At er whi h, Lord Byron's Choral Tragedy, MANFRED. Messrs. rhelps, Ryder, Rayner, 3b-agreson, Ward, Spencer ; Miss Eburne, Miss E. Atkinson, Miss Leclercq, and Mrs. E. .Falconer. Vocalists—Miss Poole, Miss nitter, Miss Cicely Notr, Miss Heywood, and Mr. Swift. Followed by BEAUTY OR THE BEAST. Princinlencchear-, racters by Messrs. Addison, G. F. Neville, Barret, and G. Weston; Mrs Edmund Falconer and Miss It. Lec erq. THEATRE ROYAL HAYNIARKET.- Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr, Buckstone. THIS EVE:A ING, SILKEN FETTERS : Messrs. Chas. Mathews, Ch.lppen:lale, W. Farren, Howe, &c. ; Mesdames C. Mathews .and M. Harris. Followed by THE GOLDEN FLEF.M C e E sd . ames C. Mathews, Messrs. Charles Mathews, C ampton,Weathersby,&c.; L Keeley. Griffith, &c. Followe'l by COOL AS A CUCUMBER. Mr. C. Mathews. And LI.T.CLE DAISY. Commence at 7. PR INCE S S' S THE NTRE.-11 ERRMANN.— 'e public are respectfully lutormedthat there will b e R NO PE FOR 3IAN cr: THIS EVENING, in consequence of Herr Berrmann's being commanded to perform at Frogrmo e before their Roya l highnesses the Prince and Princess Of Wale s. I LYCEUM THEATRE. Under the Sole Management of Mr. Feebler. i/14 R.L , DE MONIO (a Triumphant Success) will b e repeated Every Evening until further notice. THI , , EVENING, the Comedietta, by W. Gilbert, entitled UNCLE BABY : Mess•s. Widdicombe, J. G. Shore, Charles ; miss P. P Le ••lercq and Cirlotta Leclercq. After which, at Eight o'clock, BEL DENONIO, a Love i n Twelve Tableaux, taken f rom Stendhal's "Itaiian c N . t i o r r o y' n i c i e ,, , ' by Mr. John Brousznatn. Principal charac tel. by Mr. Fechter, supported by Messrs. Jordan, Charles, iirt , t ,„.h„ m , Emery, Raymond, Moreland, Smith, Clifford, Collett, Andrews, Sims ; Miss Kate Terry, E. Layenue, M rs. Lee. and Miss Elsworthy. Doors open at half-past 6 —commence at 7. II EA H.-EVERY NIGHT, AIrISS BATEMAN. ILI_ the Seth a —LE 11-1 —Tms EVENING, BA l'E MAN', in the appe arance character of of t 7:grfrii t . Tr i t ng icActregs Miss conse q uence ' of the unbounded success with which Miss Bateman's imperso nation of the priLcipal character in the new Five Act Drama of LEAH has been attenied, Mr Webster begs to announce that it will be performed EVERY EVENING until further notice. N'w THEATRE-R0 fAL, ADELPHI.- sole Pronrintor and Manafrer. :41:. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, at 7, THE TRAGEDY QUEEN: Mrs. Stirling. At 8, the New Drama of LEAH : Bth week of Miss Bate man, supported by Messrs.Artnur Stirling, R. Phillips, Bil liirgton, Stuart, Stephenson, Eburne; Miss H. Simms, and Mrs. Billingtcn. To conclude with THE IRISH TIGER.: Miss K. Kelly and Mr. ttephenson. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Manager, Mr. W. H. Swanborough. TIIIS EVENING, MIRIAM'S CRIME. Messrs. Geo. Honey, Parselle, Belford, Turner, Miss K. Saville, and Miss Manciers. ' Followed by (£th time) PATIENT PENELOPE ; or, The Return of Ulysses. Messrs. lioney and Fenton ; Mesdames Swanborough and Simpson. After which, Mr NEW PLACE. Mr. A. Wood. Commence at 7. R OYAL SADLER'S-WELLS THEATRE. 31 anazeress, Miss Marriott. 'f HIS EVENING, the successful new Play, by Westland Marston, Esq., entitled PURE GuLD : Messrs. E. Puelps, H. Marston, D. H. June., W. D. Gresham, S. Perfitt ; Miss blandlebert, Airs. B. White, and Miss Marriott. To conclude with THE BRIGAND : Mr. D. 11. Jones, Miss Mandlebert. Box-office open from 11 to 4. :FIE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN,' Contahlinf the Latest SVORTING INTELLIGENCE ran be had Every Evening - of G. R. GLY;NIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, Gh. 52a2.—Afternoon, 7h. ISm. 20-Koßßow.-Morning, ih. 44m.—Afternoon, Sh. 15w. The Weather--Sun Office, Dec. 3, 1863. THERMOMETER. This day at Two o'clock Barometer-29.30. Wind—S.-W. ; blowing a strong gale. 414V,4 it 44- e r g 46 11 -OW- 4 . • THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 3, 1863, THE EARL OF ELGIN. We understand that telegraphic news is expected in London from India by the members of the family in the course of to-morrow (Friday), when the result of the noble Earl's serious illness will be learned,—Post. PISCICULTURE IN IRELAND.—As showing what eau be dune iu fish breeding, when it is properly t g a z o n a in bu b u y t, th \ e ve m m es a s y rs s . t A at s e hw th o a r t o, th in e th ex e t d e i n s t tr o ic f t n o e f w Lo w u a g t h er s Mask and Cerra, comprise an area 30 miles in length by 10 in width. In a communication with which we have been fa.vourecl by Mr. Ashworth, we are told that as many as 659,000 salmon-ova were collected, impregnated, and trans ported for the purp ose of stocking the new salmon-water— y, th e waters that communicate with Loughs Mask and Cerra, the purest streams of the rivers at Tour pi er G uy lel eyb;ilto a n , aa highlyodo d o other productive. properly iamvnesd. pro perly protected,. s re rah a late k t, c oc a n d l 3. oue ß gitin o sg be woßniiicvleersi will go on propagating themselves ad i~zfnie ;Mee a Week, LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) M. FOULD'S FINANCIAL STATEMENT. PARIS, DEC. 3. M. Fould's financial statement has been published to-day. It states that the total amount of the deficit is 972,000,000 francs. It is neeeessary to consolidate part of the floating debt. The produce of a loan will be employed to redeem the Treasury Bonds, and will put in circulation an amount corresponding to that which it will demand. M. Fould proposes to the Emperor to fix the amount of the loan at 300 million francs. The expenses in Mexico will amount to 210 million francs at the end of 1863. M. Fould says : " It was hoped that a Mexican loan would lead to the repayment of our advances. But notwith standing the confidence we have of seeing a regular Government re•established in Mexico at no distant future, we must not allow the security of our finances to depend upon the liquidation of the debt of Mexico to France. "We hope for a day when, by the reduction of theexpenses an impr ovement i n t h e rece i pts, it w iibe and possible to resume the operation of the Sinking Fund. " If in the future the equilibrium of the Budget be maintained, if the generous efforts of the Emperor assure peace and the State prosper, our finances will permit 11l to reduce the taxes and realise the wishes of his Majesty." The Nation lately published the project of a Con stitution, which, it is stated, had been submitted by Prince Couza to Great Powers. This intelligence has been officially contradicted. THE PRINCIPALITIES. BUCHAREST, DEc. 2. The members elected to form the Committee on the Address all belong to the Opposition. SPAIN AND MOROCCO. MADRID, Nov. 29. The Gazette of to-day publishes a short account of the events which led to the complaints of the Spanish Government to the &Akan of Morocco against the Riffs and the mission of Senor Merry to Melilla. The Spanish Government insisted that, in order to effect the fulfil ment of the boundary treaty concluded between the two countries, the Sultan should send Muley Abbas to Melitta—the influence of this Prince upon the inhabitants, his position and thorough knowledge of th e engag ements enter e d i nto with Spain by hi s sovereign, pointing him out as th e fittest person to reconcile alverse interests. This proposal of Spain was favourably received, and a sufficient number of Moorish troops was col lected to accompany Muley Abbas, and ensure the fulfilment of his mission. The Sultan further delivered to Muley Abbas the amount ne cessary to indemnify the indigenous pro prietors of the territory ceded to Spain. These preliminaries affected, Muley Abbas pro ceeded to the neighbourhood of Melilla—Senor Merry, resident Spanish Minister in Morocco, having also gone to Melilla, in order to discuss and arrange with the Caliph all the difficulties that might arise. Muley Abbas and Signor Merry finally agreed upon, and signed the following treaty on the 14th November, 1863. 1. Stakes will be placed at the points specified by the Spanish and Moorish engineers in the In ternational Act, concluded in 1862, in fulfilment of Art. 2 of the Convention of 1859, confirmed by Art. 5 of the treaty of peace . of Tetuan. Those who may remove or destroy these stakes will be severely punished, and the stake so de stroyed will be replaced by the Baja of the Riff, in presence of the Governor of Melilla, or his deputy. 2. The Sultan of Morose() having resolved to in demnify those of his subjects who hold propert3 within the territory ceded to Spain, his Majesty, in order to effect the delivery of the said territory to the Queen of Spain, to whom they belong in full dominion and sovereignty, has stipulated that all those of his subjects who may be in this case shall quit the Spanishterritory andabandon theirproperty which will become the property of the Spanish na tion. The said Moorish subjects will be imme diately expelled from the Spanish territory. The Spanish authorities of Melilla will not allow them under any pretext to re-occupy these properties, since this might give rise to disturbances on the frontier. On this point matters will remain at Melilla in the same state as at Ceuta. 3. In order to avoid the questions which would be raised by the entry of Moors from the camp to visit the mosque within the boundary, in the place named Santiago, the said mosque will be destroyed, and the trees surrounding it levelled with the ground. The destruction of the mosque and clear ance of the adjacent ground will be effected by the Moorish troops and the members of the tribes. 4. Moorish subjects will not be allowed on any account to enter armed into the Spanish territory bordering Melilla. The Spanish Minister declares that he who may contravene the regulation after the present treaty comes into execution will lose his arms, -which will remain in possession of the Spanish authorities. From the intelligence forwarded by Senor Merry, it results that on the day of the signa ture of the treaty, Art. 2 was fulfilled by the expulsion of the Riffs by the Moorish troops from the land comprised within the present limits of the place, a measure which was confirmed the same day, the troops preventing the holding of the usual fair on this land. In the same manner on the 16th November the placing of the stakes wore effected on the frontier line in conformity with Art. 1 in presence of the persons deputed by the two countries. Finally, on N ov , 19, was executed Art. 3, the troops destroyiug the mosque mentioned in this article, and levelling the trees as the Riffs had done with their houses before abandoning their homes. In view of this result, which corresponded with the expectations of the Queen's government from the loyal procedure of the Sultan's Government and the sending of the Caliph Muley Abbas to Melilla, the Spanish Minister using the authority in him, and yielding to the reiterated request of the Prince, did not hesitate to pardon in the name of the Queen of Spain, and to deliver to the Moorish troops the Riffs confined in Melilla in consequence of the late events as hostages or supposed criminals. MEXICO. PARIS, Dec. 2. Advices received here from Mexico state that the movement for the concentration of the troops, in view of approaching operations in the interior, commenced on the 15th Oct., and lasted until the 24th. The Commander-in-Chief, however, had no intention of assuming the offansive until the be ginning of November. The command of Mexico city was to be entrusted to Gen. Neigre, with 3,500 men of all arms. The approaches and defences of the capital have been fortified, so as to render it easy to be held by a small number of troops. Works of defence between Mexico and Vera Cruz had been executed at CAmbrone to protect communications with the seaboard and cover the railways. Salapa was occupied on the 23d October by 2,200 allies, under the Mexican General Liceaga, who was at the same time to hold Perote and Puento Nacimal. The health of the troops continued excellent upon the high plateaux. Perfect order prevails at Vera Cruz. The yellow fever had almost entirely disappeared in the city, as well as in the Tierra Caliente. The arrival of a convoy of convalescent men, which left Mexico on the 21st October was expected. The climate of France being requisite for their complete recovery, they were to be embarked on board one of the transports leaving Vera Cruz for Europe. TOUCHING THE RUSSELL RESIGNATION.—We knew it was all nonsense. A Whig is like the Old French Guard—he dies, but never surrrenders.—Tunch. FRANCE. BOURSE, Dec. 2.—The market has been without animation, and prices show a slight decline, Threes for the Account being now at 67f. Mobilier are also lower. Railway market firm, and some of the lines show a slight improvement. The Market left off as follows: 41 per Cents. 94 35 Do. end month 3 per Cents Do. end month 66 95 Credit Mobilier 1022 50 Do. end month 1017 50 Bank Shares 3360 Credit I , ender 1240 Roman - RA.ILI Italian Loan 7l 80 Do. end month 7l 95 New ditto Do. end month.... Russian Austrian Spanish Threes 52 Home Debt Deferred rAYS. Cash. Account. 965 .. 962 50 962 50 .. 960 OrleanB Northern .. New ditto Lyons and Medittaranean New. ditto Geneva S Althorn . . Western Eastern Sardinian .. Austrian Low bard North of Spain Saragossa Ditto to Barcelona 912 50 .. 915 880 - - - 493 75 .. 500 - 680 - .. 677 60 503 75 .. 507 50 480 - 475 - 395 - 385 - 390 - 390 -- 510 - 603 75 512 60 .. 610 - 610 - .. 605 - 297 50 .. 300 - THE CALCUTTA AND CHINA MAILS, SOUTHAMPTON, Dec. 2. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steam ship Poonah, Captain Field, with the heavy portion of the above mails, arrived this morning. She brings 48 passengers, seven packages specie, value £2,600; also a general cargo, including 2,400 bales raw silk, valu,e £200,000. The Poonah left Alexandria on the 19th ult. On the 21st she spoke the barque Heroine ; 23d, the s.s. Gladiator, s.c. Euxine, and barque Princess; 25th, a Swedish frigate, name unknown; and on the 29th, the s.s. Delta, with the outward mails of the 27th. Her Majesty's ships Gibraltar, Pbcebe, Icarus, Foxhound, Caradoc, Medina, and Hibernia were at Malta ; and at Gibraltar, the s.s. Valetta, Euxine, Iberia, and her Majesty's ship Procris. Her Majesty's' screw corvette Racoon left Cediz on the 23d for Tangier. The Spanish sceamer Cubana, with troops for Havana, left Cadiz on the 24th. The American corvette St. Luis was at anchor in Tangier Bay on the 25th. The French war steamer Talisman left Cadiz on the 20th, to rejoin the French experimental squa dron of ironclads on the coast of Teneriffe. The building of ships of war in the various arsenals of Spain is carried on as fast as possible, There are now in course of building three screw frigates, each to carry 50 guns, four armour•clad ships, and three screw ships. GIBRALTAR, Nov. 27.—The Spanish papers an nounce the complete and satisfactory settlement of the Melilla boundary question. Prince Muley Abbas has succeeded in quietly removing the Rif fiins from the district ceded by the Sultan to Spain, wisely making use of the Sultan's coin instead of his cavalry. He was engaged three days in paying the indemnity to the owners of the vacated lands, and then destroying all their dwellings and a Moorish mosque situated in the ceded lands; he superintended the making out of the new limits and placing landmarks at the seventeen stations in which they had been fixed in toe month of June last, and from which the RiffiAns had removed them. The Melilla question may thus be considered settled, at least for the present. The news from Tangier says that the Saffi affair has been followed by other cases of harsh treat ment. It is alleged that two Jews, who had a trivial quarrel with the Moorish groom of the Spanish consul, were severely flogged on the de mand of the consul. Exchange on London, 90 days' date, is 49-1 to 50; Paris, sf. 25c. ; Marseilles, sf. 26c.; Genoa, sf. 29c. ; Madrid, 8 days' sight, 4 prem. ; Cadiz, par to a dis.; Seville, die. ; Malaga, par ; Baru,. lona, I prem.; Almeira, par ; Valencia, par to prem.; Alicant, par. Freights without alteration. ACCIDENTS FR&M FlRE.—Between seven and eight o'clock last night loud cries of "Fire," and " Help," were heard proceeding from No, 3, Princes-street, Lambeth, the basement story of which was found to be on fire. In the course of a few minutes the engine of the parish, Hedge's distillery, and the London Brigade from Waterloo and Southwark- bridge roads attended. The flames, ho wever, had previously to the arrival of the engines been extinguished, but it was found that John Conelly, aged 66, and Margaret, his wif e . age d 60, were so seriously burnt that they hod to be removed to the hospital, where they remain without the least hopes of recovery. About the same time an alarm was raised that a fire bad broken out in 'Willow-court, Union-street, Borough: The firemen of the London Brigade quickly repaired from Southwark-bridge-road station to the court referred to. where they found a girl named Sarah Fry with her clothes on fire. The firemen extinguished the flames, and Mr. Baynes, a surgeon, attended the girl, but so serious were the burns she had received that the surgeon advised her immediate removal to the hospital. It is not known how her clothes caught fire. USEFUL SOLDIERS.- . —ln the French army every recruit is suppos e d to know a trade on joining the army. If he has not yet learnt a trade, he is taught some occupation alter joining his corps. Should he be ignorant of reading and writing —or, knowing these, should he wish to improve his education so as to qualify himself for pro. motion—he goes to the regimental school for four hours every day when he is not on guard or on fatigue duty. Once his schooling is over, he is put to work at some trade or han dicraft ; or, should he not know one, he is put to learn one. In every French regiment there are regular gangs of butchers bakers, cooks, carpenters, masons, gardeners, builders, labourers, cart-drivers, watchmakers, silversmiths, tailors, shoemakers, blacksmiths, and what not. All these trades or handicrafts are under their regular head men, and every soldier when he can work, may, and does gain a certain sum per day, by working in the shop of his trade. In Algeria, the whole of the Government work is done by these military artisans, who, as well as the State, are gainers thereby. The men tints earn extra pay, and the Government get work done better and cheaper than they could do by employing the people of the country; besides treasuring up the vast advantage of always having a corps of workmen at com mand. The system of regular organised workmen is the true secret why the French army get on so well when on service, In tho English army we have nothing of the kind, excepts as regards the tailors and shoemakers, and (in cavalry regiments) the saddlers and farriers. There are many good workmen who enter our ranks, but through want of practice they soon forget what they knew. In Algiers, I have seen a whole pile of barracks, large enough to contain three thousand men, that was built entirely by a regiment of the line, from the digging of the foundations to the making of glass for the barrack windows, and not a day's drill or manoeuvring had been neglected while the work was going on. Throughout Algeria, miles upon miles of excellent public roads have been made entirely by the troops : the men being paid a small additional sum by the state while so employed. Thus the government gained by getting their work better and very much cheaper done than could have been effected by private contractors, while the troops gained a very comfortable addition to the regular pay.—.Dickens' " All tine Year Round." " THE SMITHS." John Smith—plain John Smith—is not very high sounding; it does not suggest aristocracy ; it is not the name of any hero in dieaway novels; and yet it is good, strong, and honest. Transferred to other languages it seems to climb the ladder of respecta bility. Thus—in Latin it is Johannes Smithus ; the Italian smooths it off into Giovanni Smithi ; the Spaniards render it Juan Smithus ; the Dutchman adopts it as Hans Schmidt; the French flatten it into Jean Sweets; and the Russian sheez.s and barks Jonloff Smittowski. When John Smith get 3 into the tea trade at Canton, he becomes Jailor] Shinamit; if he clambers about Mount Recta, the Icelanders say he is Jahne Smithson; if he trades among the Tusca roras, he becomes Tom Qa Smittia ; in Poland he is known as Ivan Schmittiweiski; should he wander among the Welsh mountains, they talk of Jihom Schmidd ; when he goes to Mexico, he is booked as Jontli ; if of classic turn, he lingers among Greek ruins, he turns to 'lon Sinikton ; and, in Turkey, he is utterly disguised as Yoe Seef, LITERATURE. London People. Sketched from Life. By Charles Bennett. One Vol., pp. 143. Smith, Elder, and Co. About the only thing really worthy of Charles Ben nett in the whole of this entertaining volume is the tailpiece. The whimsical humour of it, is delight ful. Poor " Goosey," with his body buttoned up in a waistcoat, and a comic mask tied on to his beak, is being chaired, in a hopeless state of stupidity as to his destination (evidently the spit !)—a couple of horrible old foxes, sniggering, each of them, on the sly, in his sleeve, acting as the chairmen fore and aft ! As supporters for the chair, as poles for the chair men, we have crayons and—goosequills. The fan tastic mingling of fun and sarcasm in every line end dot of this little tail-piece—again we say it—we can alone in the whole book regard as really and truly worthy of Charles Bennett. We speak thus, because we recognise in this quaint artist an extraordinary power of humour. Some among his earlier works are, in their way, to our thinking, quite inimitable. There was a child's alphabet for example, after this fashion for instance in regard to one of the chance-selected letters of it— " P was a Parrot, a prosy old man, You'll be glad to get rid of as soon as you can," and so on, through the whole alphabet delec tably humorous throughout. There was another work of his, afterwards, of larger pretensions that was equally good after its fashion. The artist, Charles Bennett, in effect has long since be come, for us, as the very /Eiep of the Pencil. But, here, in his new volume of sketches, we fail altogether to recognise him as at his best. As a collection of comic drawings, though the book is clever enough in its way, in some portions of it, in deed, being highly meritorious, it is in no degree, as a whole, in any manner worthy of him—saving and excepting alone, as we have said, in the matter of that little grotesque drollery of the tail-piece. All the rest of the book is of the streets streety— quite as unmistakeably as Young Dorrit was. These London People have been sketched, as the title-page tells us, from the life. And, looking at them, we perceive at once that the asser tion may be taken literally. But, grant ing that, we are constrained to add that they are one and all of them not worth the sketch ing. Any forms and features more plain, ugly, vulgar, nasty some of them, some even positively revolting in expression, we certainly would not wish to see, as the phrase is, upon a summer's day. No, nor on a winter's one either. In the law courts at Westminster; among the market stalls of Covent garden ; at the play, in boxes, pit, and gallery ; in the square, in the train, up a court—we had almost said, up a tree—here they all are, these horrid London People, of both sexes, of all ages, of every condition of life almost, that is, among the middle and the lower classes. But, turning over the pages wearily, and with a sense of anything but gratification, we wish, firstly, that they had not been pencilled off at all, and secondly, that if they must needs have been sketched, they might not at least have been sketched with such distressing truth fulness. The Cheap Swell in the train ; old Sally in the market, or, let us say, for the sake of the old rhyme, in the alley; Pegler the Publican; that gluttonous old Consumer, who is so visibly masti cating the strawberry, with a relish that is quite horrible to look at; the little gent, goggle-eyed and open-mouthed in his horror at the melodrama (it should have been entitled " melodramer" underneath)—not one pleasurable sensation can be got out of any single sketch amongst them. The letterpress accompanying (and for that matter explaining) the engravings, is light and readable enough to be sure—so that we get through the book so far agreeably, thanks to the pleasantry of tone with which the papers, most of them, are penned by the artist, and some of them by his friend, Mr. John Hollingshead. Yet, as a whole, we must confess that the work has disappointed us—our expectations being naturally awakened in its favour by the mere circumstance of these sketches (from the life) of London People being from the hand of Mr. Charles Bennett. We had our fears, in their regard, when we glanced at them at intervals, during the time of their piecemeal publi cation in the popular pages of the Cornhill 21Iaga zine. But now that they are collected together in a volume, our first impression in their regard is only confirmed. We close the book, however reluctantly, with an unwelcome sense of the disappointment it has afforded us, yet consoling ourselves, while we so do, for that general disappointment, by taking another peep at, and having another laugh over, the extraordinary comicality of that wretched goose and at those rascally foxes, touched off, if not from the life, certainly to the life r by Charles Bennett. Ancient Christmas Carol. Harmonised for Four Voices, by E. Fagan. Lam- bert and Co. We are tempted to call this charming re-arrange. ment of a noble old Christmas Carol, of the Christ mas Carol par excellence, the most seasonable publi cation of the day. When we say the Christmas Carol, we mean, of course, in verse : Charles Dickens's prose Carol being to our mind just simply matchless, one of those darling little masterpieces of literature dear to the hearts of us all—one to be put on the same shelf (easily within reach) side by side with "Paul and Virginia" and the " Vicar of Wakefield," and to be put there, on that beloved shelf, either in the very centre of it, or as book A No. 1. Yet even there in the immortal " Christmas Carol in Prose by Charles Dickens," who does not remember the mention made, almost at the very commencement of the narrative, the mention there made of this Christmas Carol in Verse, this very ancient and well known song for Christmas time beginning— "God rest you merry gentlemen, Let nothing you dismay"— when the little frost-nipped urchin peering through the keyhole of Scrooge's office, down the City court, in the yellow December fbg, is scared away at the very commencement of his shrill chaunt by the sudden flourishing up of the ruler in the grasp of that old curmudgeon (as he was then) Ebenezer? Here is this old, old Christmas Carol in its entirety, every word of it—harmonised very beauti fully for four voices by the accomplished organist of the Spanish Embassy, Mr. E. Fagan. Here is the old, old Carol precisely as it was sung (as the title-page informs us) " with great ap plause.by the Orpheus Glee Union before her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen," Having mentioned which, having indicated what this " Ancient Christmas Carol " is in words, and who it id whose hand has harmonised the melody traditionally coupled with those words, e melody also of very great antiquity, may we not reasonably insist upon it that we are justified in speaking of the publication before us as in every respect most seasonable P PROFESSOR FERRIER, in the forthcoming Tolume of Wilson's " Noctes Ambrosiatm," is going to publish the famous Chaldee Manuscript, which did so much to set up Blackwood's Magazine, and concerning which Mr. Ferrier supplies this interesting information :—" This trenchant satire on men and things in the metropolis of Scotland was published in the seventh number of Black wood's Magazine. It excited the most indescribable com motion at the time —so much noise, indeed, that never since has it been permitted to make any noise whatever, this pro mising babe having been pitilessly suppressed almost in its cradle, in consequence of threatened legal proceedings. A set of the magazine containing it is now rarely to be met with. The authorship of this composition has been always a subject of doubt. Hogg used to claim the credit of having written it. I have recently ascertained that to him the ori ginal conception of the Chaldee MS, is due, and also that he was the author of the first thirty-seven verses of Chap. I , and of one or two sentences besides. So that, out of the one hundred and eighty verses of which the whole piece consists, about forty are to be attributed to the Shepherd. Hogg, indeed, wrote and sent to Mr. Blackwood mach more of the Chaldee MS. than the forty verses aforesaid, but not more than these were inserted in the magazine, the rest of the production being the workmanship of Wilson and Lock hart. Such is the true and authentic accountne can be little w it h doubt of the orig ii. republished anda thatutho hrwshiepn this of i t a la cleoevehr jed Chaldee a,esp eeMS i .. ie r s annotations (and it may form a very suitable appendix to the Noctes Arnbrosiana3') the present generation will be as much amused by its pleasantry, and by the singular state of feeling, literary and political, which it reveals, as our fathers were astounded by its audacity, and frightened from their propriety by its personalities.,, BaeLA, is, a c co rd in g atelcß oAr d in MnON, or rather, we should say, bliss if g to rumour / about to return to the stage. ArPrre. na9 rt 4 '3%' 7 giii°olar HER MAJESTY. WINDSOR CASTLE, Dec. 2. Their Royal Highnesses the Crown Prince and Princess of Prussia, Princess Heiens, and Princess Louise, the Countess Hohenthal, the Lady Caroline Barrington, Count Furstenstein, end Major von Schweinitz dined at Frcgmore with the Prince and Princess of Wales yesterday. His Royal Highness Prince Leopold went in the evening. Tne ladies and gentlemen of the Queen's House hold had the honour of being invited to the even ing party. The Queen, accompanied by her Royal High' ness Princess Helena, walkcd and drove in the grounds this morning. Earl Russell had an audience of the Queen. The Prince de la Tour d'Auvergne, Ambassador of France, was presented to the Queen at an audi ence by Earl Russell. Count Roepstorff, Envoy Extraordinary from the King of Denmark, had an audience of her Majesty, and was presented by Earl Russell. M. de Bide, Danish Minister in London, wa s presented by Earl Russell to the Queen, at an andi ence. His Royal Highness Prince Leopold, attended by Madame Norde, took their usual carriage airing. —.- The Duke of Brabant arrived in London last evenieg. His Royal Highness landed at Dover from th e , Belgian steamer in the afternoon, and, after partaking n' luncheon at the Lord Warden Hotel, continued his journ e y by train. The Duke of Sutherland left Stafford House, St' James's, yesterday, to join the duchess and family at Treat' ham, Staffordshire, where they were to arrive yestertinl from Lilleshall, Salop. The Duke of Grafton has arrived in town frog Euston Hall, Suffolk. The Earl and Countess of Yarborough are enter' taining a succession of visitors at Brocklesby, the family seat in Lincolnshire. The Earl and Countess of Dalkeith have joined the circle visiting the Earl and Countess of Derby, at Knowsley Hall, Lancashire. Lord Brougham left Paris on Sunday evening f or Cannes. In the course of the day his lordship attended the sitting of the Academy of Sciences. Lord and Lady Cecilia Bingham have arrived 1 Knowsley Hall, Lancashire, on a visit to the Earl Countess of Derby. The Lady Edward Thynne gave birth to II daughter on Saturday, the 28th Nov. Her ladyship and the infant are progressing favourably. Lord and Lady Ashburton have been residing at the Grange, Hants, since July, but have returned to the continent. Lord Ashburton's health had been /n estling since his return home, but during the last few days he 1165 not been so well. Sir Henry and Lady Sophia Des Veer z hate joined the party visiting the Marquis and Marchioness o', Bath, at Longleat, Wilts. Lady and Miss Hoare have l e ft Th o mas's Note! , Berkeley-square, for Paris, on their way to Italy, where they purpose passing the winter months. Sir Henry Hoare has left Thomas's Hotel, Berko' ley-square, for Charlton, Wiltshire, on a visit to the Ear l of Suffolk. Sir Henry and Lady Fletcher have arrived e 3 Farrance's Hotel from Brighton. A marriage was solemnised on Wednesday, t he 25th ult., in the Catholic church at Coughton, tween Mr. Gerald Richard Deese, youngest son of the la te Mr. Gerald Dease, of Turbotsten, county of Westmeath' and Emily, second daughter of the late Sir Robert Threel morton, Bart., of Buckland, Berks, and of Coughton Court?. Warwickshire. A large party of the friends of both fata l ' lies were hospitably entertained at the Court by Sir Will: Throckmorten, the brother of the bride; and imtnediatel after the breakfast, amid the merry peals of the church bell 0 the bride and bridegroom started for Aldenham Park, tb seat of Sir John D. Acton, Bart., M.P., where they W.i, remain for a few days before going to Ireland. THE ANNAMITE AMBASSADORS.—The Annamite Ambassadors left Valencia on the 23d ult, ou board the Spanish steam-frigate Lepanto. They aro to remain some days at Alexandria, in a palace which the Viceroy ° C Egypt has placed at their disposal, and will finally embark at Suez about the 12th of December on board the steam transport Japan, which is to convey them to 11u6.--Galig" natsi. The Convocation of the Prelates and Clergy ° f the Province of Canterbury was yesterday prorogued in the Jerusalem Chamber, Westminster, by the Vicar•Generalt Dr. Travers Twiss, under a commission from his Grace the i Lord Archbishop of Canterbury, Primate of all and Metropolitan, pursuant to the Royal writ, until Ther3- day, January 14, 1864. THE NEW ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN.—Th e Ver h Y Rev. Dr. Trench,who has been appointed to the arc"; bishopric of Dublin, will be consecrated shortly elle Christmas in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin. Th e cere rf mony will be performed by his Grace the Lord Ptimateia all Ireland, assisted by the Right Rev. Dr. Fi tz g erel Lord Bishop of Killaloe, Kilfenora, Clonfert, and .10-11315?... duagh, and the Right Rev. Dr. Gregg, Lord Bishop ()I GO*: Cloyne, and Ross. The archbishop nominate has apPoite: the Rev. William Lee, D.D., Fellow of Trinity Colleg Dublin, his examining chaplain. This appointment b.; given great satisfaction, as Dr. Lee is one of the few ir l . 0 divines who have acquired a reputation in England. 3 1 11 , a sound and zealous Churchman, and author of a , written standard work on the inspiration of Ho l y Scriptur l Dr. Lee has been chosen to preach Archbishop Treuell consecration sermon. THE CASE OF CAPTAIN STONE.—A communi tli. tion was received in Liverpool yesterday from Board of Trade, in answer to th e memorial presented 1: favour of a withdrawal of the sentence which had been. PL . % nounced in the case of Captain Stone, whose certificat e ' o suspended for six months in consequence of the accicleA, the royal mail steamer Africa. The Board refuses to W itll draw the sentence, and gives reasons for doing so. MR. EDWARD FOSTER, THE CENTENA SL4I4 i; d The Mayor of Derby (Mr. T. Ro e)d has Fo ster (a r os ter r the following communication in referenceto Aff' resident of Derby, who has recently attained his I fi , lsl'Yea pl; —"10, Downing-street, Nov. 25, 1863 —Sirr — ' l3 A‘ r t e e - , to your letter to Lord Palmerston of yesterdaYs l ton have to inform you that a fortnight ago Lord Palmer' ir Leo 1 . ; directed that a donation of £6O should be presented Edward Foster out of the Royal Bounty Fund. ---I en2 ,: e : your obedient servant, EVELYN AsHLEY. 11°8. Esq., Mayor, Derby," ANILINE BLUE.—Among the several st a g es (sal e the Reader) which Mark the developm ent Of /13 industry of coal-tar colours, the discovery of the trap s for t ; prominent position. This transition, mation of aniline red into aniline-blue will always hold . , served by MM. Girard and De Lairs, two young Fra il , chemists of M. Pelouze's Laboratory, and subsequentii_ matured by MM, Person, ~e Laynes, and Salvetat, 11.11° become the foundation of an enormous industrial prodaa' for the first dna° ° O3, P tion, which, having received a powerful impulse by W' Renard Brothers and Franc in France, and more recently by Messrs. Simpson, Maule, and Nicholson in this country' has rapidly attained to proportions of colossal magnitude, lic The transformation of aniline-red into auili and consistf , ne-blue is act' situp t at itY high tempera' complished by a process o f g reat briefly expressed, in th e treatment , m r a o t s t a e n r i ; lin t e he w tr it a h na s f a o i r: l ; ture of rosaniline with an excess of aniline. TO mode of this treatment is by no means indifferen t ' Roeaniline itself cannot in this manner conveniently 11# accomplished by heating rosaniliao converted into the bl o t: colouring the nature of the acids ' aniline. Again, wtioitnhissa, salts sowor aenir,flenaes,ily bases are combined is by no means without influence 131 3° A il the result of the operation; manufacturers give a decide' preference to organic acids, such as acetic or benzoic acd°. xid. Girard and De Lairs, whose names are so in.tirait';ell associated with the development of the new colour Malls.. try, have pointed out that the passage from red to WO ' 6 attended by an evolution of torrents of ammonia ' and ~.Ir. Nicholson,. who combines the genius of the manufa ctur e d with the habits of the scientific • • ail3ecl inquirer, has aseert , that the blue r • , olouring matter is invariably a saline co' pound of a base itself colourless;, like rosaniline. B ut i t i l relations between the two colourless bases, and consega°l3-1-,1 the nature of the reaction by which. rosaniline is convert° into the blue colourless matter, had hitherto reinaLued 'lll' known. ,s til e HARDLY FAIR PLAY..—We remembe r, 60.,- „c Athenmuni, the case of a " tragedian," now a bse t m ed from England, who called on his critic, and renionettleo with him for sternly ceit.suring his Shylock on a nigh t s vi er . the player know that the critic was not present at t 11. was formance. The man acknowledged as ranch, but " ! _ a 1 lucky for you," said he, "that I was not there, for; to seen you play, I am sure I should have been ten ...t to severe as I have been l" The fellow was harnorouSt.ivellstv : evidently knew nothing of Savart's canon of , b e ler." "Le flambeau de la critique doit eclairer et none , shift" HEAVY GALES.—A gale from the S.S.M. over tae ing cccasionally to the W.S.W., broke ov toe d • _....., i n cro ~ metropolis soon after one o'clock yesterday, Blau- The in violence until seven o'clock, when it moderated role, noon, at which time it burst forth with renewed furY: t ' itto ben t wind was highest between 3 and 4 o'clock, w accompanied by a heavy fall of rain. D; ~%hil for ine £B, Mi eas Eat tell tri 04, prii Pen ran, con] mod b Q ~ t tit an % en of t G en Pan, 4 di Di 1); "otu .ote 13aT i Atza 13 114 Di rte, Di It9fl Nesi Di New, Di , Di i-r, Di .-ori in. Di 4146 Di "mrd Sp at 1)i QPttl n we Turf , ‘ 4l lB Alein 120; Fret Il~j j