The Sun. — London, England, 1863-07-20 00:00:00

fiIHE DUKE'S MOTTO. HUNDRET\ AM) FIFTY- SEVENTH NIGHT, and Last Week but Two of the present Season. ROYAL LYCEUM THEATRE.- Under the Sole Management of Mr. FECHTER. !Last Week but Two of the present Season. THIS EVENING, to commence with an Original sketch, entitled A SUDDEN ATTACK. Messrs. Shore, Garden, ddicomb, Miss Henrade, and Mrs. Lee. After which, at a Quarter -past Eight, the Romantic Drama, in Three Acts, and Pr)lotzue, entitled TE DUKE'S MOTTO , by Paul Feral and John Brough H am. The principal Me character will be sustained by J. Mr. Fecham, ter, supported by ssrs. J. G. Shore, , Brougu iddi ,ombe, F. Charles, Garden, Raymond, Dawson ; Misses Carlotta Leclercq. Kate Terry, N. Lavenue, and Xlsworthy. Doors open at 7, commence at half-past. Acting-Manager, Mr. H. Barnett. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Sole r essee and Manager, Mr. G. Vining THIS EVENING, at Eight o'clock, Shakespere's Play of ROMEO AND JULIET. Romeo, Mr. Walter I, lontgomery; Mercutio, Mr. G. Vining ; Friar Lawrence, 'lr. H. Marston ; Apothecary, Mr. Belmore ; The Nurse, Mrs. H. Marston ; Mdlle. Stella Colas. To be preceded by the new Comedietta, entitled COUSIN TOM. W Tl- 1 , EATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI, Prorriotor qnd I, lnnaver. Ml'. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, THE IRI-H TIGER. After which, at Eight • 'cloak, a new drama, entitled THE FATINTED MAN ; T E GHOSVS •tARI;AIN, in which wail be exhibited Pr .fe.sor Pei per's adantat'on of the Great ?-pectrxi lilusion. Messrs..l. L. Toole, R. Phi lips, Sefton C. J. Smith; Mrs. Alt red Mellon and Miss H. Simms. Followed by anew Burlesque, ent 'led ILL-TREAT ED IL TROvATORE. M sers. Toole. P. Bethord, R Phillips, I;bnrne, C. J. Smith, Romer ; the Sisters Nelson, Carry and sari, and Miss K. Kelly. Commence at 7. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE Manager, Mr. W. H. Swanborough. TO-VIGHT WHILE THN;RE'i LIFE THE KE'S 'ROPE. Messrs W. II Swan borough, Parselle, IT,lMire, G. Honey; Misses Ada Swanborough, L. Thorne, F. Hughes, Mandera, and E. Bufton. Followed by (4th time) THE MOTTO, " I'M ALL THERE." Messrs. Honey, Turner, E. Danvers, Collier, Clifton; Mesdames Ada Swanborough, F. Josephs, Marie Simpson, Wallace, and .Jenny White. To conclude with LOVE IN LIVERY. Commence at 7. THE THTBD EDITION OF " THE SUN," _1 Containing the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, can be had Every Evening of G. R. GLkNIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. The Weather—Sun Office, July 20, 1863.: THERMOMETER. This 62 mornlnc ...... This day at Two o'clock 7l Barometer-29.80. Wind—S. -Westerly ; moderate, with fine but cloudy weather. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. NIS DAY. —Morning, 4h. 44m.—Afternoon, 4b. 59m. TO..OtORR 0 -vv.-Morning, sh. 16m.—Afternoon. sh. 30w. , Stilt LONDON, MONDAY, JULY 20, 1863. Unaccustomed to victory, the surrender of Vicks burg has fairly turned the heads of President LIN COLN and his Cabinet. The speeches made by the President and Mr. SEWARD on the occasion of the " serenade" by which the victory was celebrated, "even the friendly reports could not invest with dignity," while General HALLECR claimed for him self a considerable share of the triumph because he had been the means of retaining General GRANT in command. But when the serenading and the self congratulations have subsided, what is the actual amount of the advantage obtained by the elated Federals. Vicksburg has been surrendered, and the garrison are prisoners, it is true; butt the re treating army of General LEE, reinforced by new detachmente, is concentrating its strength for fresh action. The battle of Gettysburg, which took place upon the 3d instant, was followed by the retreat of General LEE'S division ; the results of the battle, were, however, almost equally disas trous to both armies. The loss sustained by the Confederates in killed, wounded, and prisoners is estimated at about 20,000 men, and that of the Federals is said to amount to the same number. The Federals have the advantage of maintaining possession of the battleground, but General LEE, retaining his artillery, and preserving his army in good order, has during his retreat been reinforced by the whole of General BRAGG'S army, and by a portion of that of General BEAUREGARD. The last accounts left the Confederate army on the banks of the Potomac. This river, swollen by recent rains, is now six feet above the fording level. It is therefore doubtful whether General LEE will attempt to pass it. Instead of retreating into Virginia, it seems probable that he will turn upon his pursuers and give them battle. " The old Antietam battle-ground"may probably be the scene of the new engagement. The next despatches will be looked for with interest. We shall be in no way surprised to find that President LINCOLN has been somewhat premature in his serenades, and that General FIALLECK and Mr. SEWARD have congra tulated themselves without reason. Meanwhile, it appears that the Conscription Act is to be enforced immediately throughout the whole Nortb, the first call being for 300,000 men. "The drawing has already commenced ;" where will the end be ? " The Americans will soon settle their own differences, if only foreig ners w ill k ee p their hands os'," claims Mr. SEW A RD. Time will show. The 40,000 men disabled by the indecisive action of Gettysburg afford a melancholy commentary on the effects of Civil War. Are the 300,000 men now being raised to follow the same sad inglorious fate ? Uatil how long shall this disastrous state of things endure ? Lord CAMPBELL proposes to bring the American question under the consideratio❑ of the House of Lords this evening. His motion will, wit how doubt, only obtain a similar result to that brought about by the motion of Mr. ROEBUCK. We must fold our hands and look on while the work ( t slaughter proceeds. In the meanwhile the general sympathy and interest so strongly manifested throughout the country will not be without their effect in the ultimate but tardy Pacification. A large number of members of both houses, on Saturday, paid a visit of in.piction to what is cer tainly an important and remarkable work. Though a system of drainage can scarcely be called a work of art and architectural beauty, it claims the first rank in undertakings of a utilitarian character, and grg skill, the present works bear high testimony in enin engineering to the l ex tent and the resources of English The vast scope of the plan, and the vigour and com prehensiveness with which it has been carried out, are very remarkable, and the importance of securing efficient drainage, in a sanitary point of view, as well as the large sums demanded by the scheme, elevate it into the position of a national undertak ing. The condition of the metropolitan sewage has long been highly unsatisfactory, and the state of Old rather Thamts has been a standing disgrace to the City, as well as a continual source of annoyance to residents in his vicinity, or passengers over his dark and dirty waters. The rapid and extraor dinary development of the metropolis has nature:: altered the aspect of affairs since London wan in eluded within the square mile surrounded by the City walls, In those days, as Mr. BAZALGETTE observed in his explanatory address to the visitors, no inconvenience was felt from the sewage when discharged into the Thames and diluted by its tidal waters. But, in our time, when en every side, streets and squares stretch far away into the country, when the centres of the busy hive remind us in their nomenclature that the days are not long past when they wen.' " tads" and rural highways, the old system is no longer found to work satisfactorily. Great part of the town, too, is below the level of high water, and this is especially the case near the river on the southern side, where the sewers are forced to run below underground cellars, which themselves are beneath highwater mark. The consequence natu rally is, that these sewers can only discharge their contents into the river at low water, being tide locked for eighteen hours out of the twenty-four, and apt in times of heavy and long'continued rain to overflow and flood the basements of the surround ing houses. It is long since these evils and annoy ances were observed and discussed, but the vast outlay required prevented any steps being taken towards remedying matters until 1856, when the drainage of the metropolis and the purification of the river were entrusted to the Metropolitan Board of Works. The difficulties in the way of the un dertaking have been great, but they have been surmounted by patience and skill. The varying quantities of sewage, the rainfall in heavy storms, n d the lowness of some of the districts, have been among the principal obstacles. The proj,-ctors have very sensibly acted on the principle of carry ing off as much sewage as possible by gravitation, thus bringing one of the great natural fit-oes to their aid instead of trusting to pumping. An t ion of t e reduction storm im portant point in their sche me is h pumping to its minim um, w hile waters, as they call the excess of the rainfall, are provided for by " the conversion of the existing mainsewers into storm overflows," which shall carry the surplus waters into the Thames when the intercepting sewers are full. On each side of the river there are three main tunnels which divide London into three departments, and intercept all existing sewers flowing into the Thames, carrying their contents to Barking-creek on the north side, and Crossness-point in the Erith marshes on the south. These three tunnels are called respectively the High, the Low, and the Middle Level. The first of these runs from Hampstead to Bow, and is about 8 miles long, gradually increasing in its cir cumference from 4 feet 6 inches to 12 feet 6 inches. It drains an area of no less than 14 square being laid at a depth of from 20 to 26 feet. The middle level is still lower, being more than 30 feet underground. It extends from Kensal-green to Bow, and is nearly finished. The low level reaches from Cremorne to Abbey-mills, near Stratford, its waters being raised at Bow by engines to the level of the others ,thence to descend by their own gravity to the great outfall at Barking. One part of the low level will pass through the Thames Embank ment, and this the last item in the northern system of drainage, is expected to be completed in two years and a half. In the southern districts the arrangements are similar, and are proposed to be fully completed by this time next year. The con tents of the high level sewer was on Saturday turned on for the first time direct into the river. The visitors proceeded in the first place to Crossness Point and examined the extensive and elaborate works there in progress, of which a re servoir covering an area of six acres, and capable of containing twenty millions of gallons, is but a part. The floor of this immense receptacle is of Portland stone, and its roof, not yet completed, is to be formed of brick arches resting upon rows of brick piers. Twice in the day it will be emptied into the liver in order to prevent any accumulation of sediment, a large tunnel on the land side wilt be opened, as soon as the reservoir is emptied whose waters rushing through will wash it out. The main culvert delivering the sewage into the river from the reservoir is of great sits, and built with brick sides, and the roof supported by iron girders. As evidence of the vast expense and labour entailed by these works, we may remind the reader that a reservoir of even greater extent is required on the Northern side, where it has to cover ten acres and contain forty millions of gallons. The works on the Northern side of the river are however less for midable, owing to thed , ffereuce of the level and the conscqueut power to discharge the sewers by gravitation instead of by pumping. The visitors were equally surprised and gratified at the pro- gross already made, as well as by the vast size and comprehensive character of the works. They were regaled with a subterranean lunchacn beneath the vaults of the great reservoir and in this singular spot, speeches were made, healths pro. posed, congratulations exchanged, and all the forme of a regular banquet gone through. Mr. TIIWAITES, the chairman of the Metropolitan Board of Works, presided, as was due, at this underground festival, and we may suppose looked round on the result of the labours of his Board with feelings of unmixed gratification. Lord STANLEY, who was among the visitors, in a brief address distinguished by his usual good sense, con gratulated the Board on the fulfilment of this great undertaking, and remarked that although the works were strictly of a utilitarian character, thy magnitude of the design, and the perfection of 'the execution, deserved the epithet of magnificent. London, added the noble lord, had long been said to be the worst drained city in Europe, hut it would soon stand at the head of all cities in that respect. Mr. TriwaiTEs, in acknow ledging the compllm ent pa i n him in drinking his health, remarked that the cost of the work would he found to have exceeded the estimate by £900,00n owing to bricks having risen in price, and to ttit bricklayers having struck for higher wages. Th., publ i c, however, are not likely to begrudge the amount,see this impo r t ant undertaking ~atiB pe ilye carried out. It will aecoroplisi the 0 ri f they ouble p u rpose of improving the drainage a n d o f d purifying the river, and, in both cases, tend 4reatly to the bent& of the public health. Ventilation and . _ drainage are the two great secrets of health in towns, and now that we are in a fair way to secure the m ost catly and difficult of these necessaries we may hope that a larger supply of the common yet priceless blessing of pure air will soon be brought into our dwellings. The report of th e Commissioners Employm en t o f Child ren i s well iv ap deration. S ome t i me s i nce th e Government o c r o t n t cer e y ofni concerning ntshi the a royal commission to inquire into the em- Ploythent of children and young persons in trades and m anu f actures not regulated by law. The Com missioners have taken note of children engaged ir potteries, lucifer match manufactures, lace and hosiery manufacturers, and chimney sweep ing. They have reported the result of their varied experience, and they recommend the adop tion of various alterations and improvements. 'I 'bey advise that in potteries, the premises should be im• proved by a better plan of ventilation, and also that overtime in works shall be discontinued ; also that a medical inspector watch over these regulations for the period of two years, and that afterwards the duty be carried on by the inspectors of factories. The next recommendation would be of incalculable bens fit, but its adoption would be more difficult to carry out. They suggest the gradual introduction of the half-time system, so that the children may have more opportunities afforded them for recreation and education, and that.on attaining the age of thirteen, each child be presented with a certificate of the " amount of education received." The most deleterious occupation on the list is that of the lucifer manufacture. Tbis trade ,Gl3 children. It furnishes employment for 1 - - THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JULY 20, 1863. is well known that immense numbers of Lucifer matches are sold yearly at a very small price, but their cost to health and comfort is very differently computed by those who take note of their effects. The Commissioners remark on the prevalence of a particular class of disease, called "jaw disease,' which has arisen since the working of this manu facture. They advise in this case also the attendance of a sanitary inspector, to effect what is possible towards the maintenance of the health of those en gaged in this very unwholsome trade. The employ ment of boys as chimney-sweepersis the subject of Although some time back a n A pa c r t ti w cu as la p r assed notice.pr ohibiting this evil custom, the Act is often allowed to fall into disnetude, and the nefa rious system continues. In order to obviate the prevalence of this practice the Commissioners have suggested an excellent scheme, '° that for the future no master-sweeper shall be alloyed to employ in his business, in any capacity whatever, any one under the age of sixteen"; and, further, that no person shall be allowed to carry on the trade of a chimney sweeper until he has received a license from a magistrate, renewable under certain circum stances. It is earnestly to be hoped that this advice will be especially attended to, as there can be no valid reason adduced against it, and by the adoption of this simple plan great suffering will be prevented, and the miseries of a persecuted class will be put a stop to. There is hardly any style of employment more cruel than tnis, and it is incum bent on our legislature to make it impossible at once by the ingenious device alluded to. Particular acts of prohibition are all very well in their way, hut it once they are evaded or considered a dead letter they are worse than if never calied into exist ence, because three who might plan an improve ment are deterred from so doing under the idea that the evil exists no longer, while all the while in a stealthy manner it is working out its designsand swelling the ranks of its victims. The Cimmis sioners are now directed to inquire into the condi tion of the dressmakers and mihiners' apprentices, and to ascertain what steps may be taken to im prove their condition. They could not be employed in a better work, and the result of their investiga tion is sure to conduce to the welfare of the class in whose service they are engaged. There are sure to be many obstacles in the way, and many well disposed persons are certain to declare that it will be impossible to render their condition any better by interference. There is this consolation, however, for those who earnestly desi derata some striking change to be introduced at once, that no opposition can be greater than that which was in force against the factory improve ments, nor can any denunciations as to the imprac ticability of all interference, and the injurious effects of arbitrary rules, exceed the wrath and con sternation of those who militated against the Ten Hours' Bill. Many years have passed away since then ; the excitement has long since ceased and been forgotten in many quarters, but the effects of the good deed then accomplished are still extant among us. So it will be when a like reform has been once instituted in those establishments where helpless young females toil from early morn till latest eve at pursuits that are enervating to the mind and in jurious to the bodily frame, that exhaust vitality, destroy the health, and often sow the seeds of death itself. Once let prejudice and self interest be cast aside, and there can exist no cause why inspoctioe should not take place iu these departments of labour as easily as in others where it has been tried suc cessfully for years. It is certain that to limit the number of hours to a reasonable standard is the only real and effectual mode of treating this subject. employers are compelled to keep within do. limits the tasks they set to their apprentices, an important end will have been attained. If the state of the establishments wi , h regard to ventila tion and other matters of a sanitary kind be also attended to, a vast boon will be conferred on hun dreds of the community. If it be too late as regards many hapless toilers to rectify the evils produced by the pernicious old system, sail: it will be gratifying to think that a new regime has been introduced, and that all new comers will start under favourable auspices, and not run the risk of an untimely death, and the fearful certainty of a wretched life, with broken health and impaired energy, till they fall into a state that may be considered as more painful than death itself. In the second report the commissioners are sure to speak out strongly as to the deleterious practices now lc vogue, and most likely they will suggest many improvements. One thing is certain, that no one in any rank can now lay claim to ignorance on this subject. Through the length and breadth of the land the voice o wailing and lamentation has been heard concern ing these distressed workwomen. Their cry has reached alike the palace and the cottage, and to all the varying grades and several classes which exist between, may their appeal be addressed. A more universal claim on general sympathy, or one more invested with personal attri butes cannot be brought forward. It certainly brings into immediate contact the most diverse classes of society, from the lowest, whose children, born the heirs of toil, may any day be engaged in -uch precarious vocations ; to the highest, whose lives of ease render them an especial cause of that employment for others which in this branch pro .iuces inch direful ff eta. The C ensideratioa of this mahj,-et stould not, therefore, be regarded as one solely in the charge of the Cortmissionets. Thene are many others who should make the task the it own during the leisure hours that the approact,ing autumn will afford them. If next season is to wit ness no amelioration in tne cruel system now it, vogue, it wilt be a disgrace and a scandal to thr reputation of all concerned in the immediate traffic, and a reproach to those more remotely connected with the effair. In the days of old it was considered that every English archer carried twelve men's lives in his belt, and it would seem as if some per sons wished the ladies of this generation to emulate the renown in a different style, so that when they proceed to some gay place of resort they can reflect that each sumptuous robe has cost a life. If the jaded farms and ghastly visages of these victims cot.ld appear at some gorgeous ban quet, they would rival the effect of the skeleton,. at the Egyptian feasts of antiquity. There are s ome things too inimical to the tastes and repug nant to the feelings of humanity to be tolerated, and this overworking of childien and young per ,..ons is one that comes essentially into tne category. i t i s high time that a new era be introduced, and that, in h over-haste to make rich am ong the grasping sp e irits of this time, they do n o t d estroy what no wealth c , in replace, and yet what should b e counted us among the choicest riches in the stores o f When the Psalmist invoked the well provided State , t teous, afford sired that their garners should b e p ent that their sons should h log all manner of store, —u the chiefest blessing on the p eo p le, he not onl y de grow up as the y oung plan t s , and their daughters ste the health hose who sap the str e ngth and wa 0 ; injuries on the should b e as th e p o li s h e d corners of the Temple. of the r i s i ng generation are inflicting community that no prosperity will counterbalance, and robbing their country of ite mainstay and sup port, by undermining its vital source of welfare. Truly 1. —a s the poet illustrated this sad state of things in these line scc 11l fares th e l and, to hastening ills a prey) Where wealth a ccurattlatca sad men decay," GREAT CONGRESS AT MALINES (FROM A, CORRESPONDENT.) In less than a month from this day there will be assembled together, at Maline-, an immense Congress, composed of distinguished personages from all the great countries of Christendom. The precise date fixed for this vast assem blage is the 181 h day of August. It is a distinctly inaugu ral meeting—a meeting inaugurative of a movement calcu lated to exercise an extraordinary influence over the future interests of morality, of enlightenment, of education, of nevolence, throughout all the various States of the Euro pean Continent. The title of the Congress is simply, L'Assemble Generale des Catholiques en Belgique. It is designed to hold its meetings henceforth annually—now in one city, now in another. The Baron Gerlache has been selected as the President of this Great Congress for this the year of its inauguration. And it is significant of the importance attached to the whole scheme of the pro ceedings that the State dignitary thus chosen as President for the very first year of the Congress should be no less ele vated in position than the chief judge of the Cour ee Ces sation, a legal luminery exactly corresponding in his posi tion in Belgium to that oc , upied amongst us here in Eng land by the Lord Hi.; h Chancellor. In order to realise at once, as vividly as possible to English minds, the motive of the design kept in view by the originators of this project, Presented to notice for the first time, by the gathering together of this remarkable Congress at Malines, we may describe it as based upon a scheme in a great manner analogous to that marking out from year to year the proceedings of the British Association. Only with this difference —that the Belgian Congress now about to be convened tor the first time on the 18th of August, at Al alines. and to be held thenceforth annually at whatever place may in each successive year be selected for the next rendezvous—is wha t we h ave th us hinted—and something more. It i s more t h an t h e mere expansion of the original icea of the projectors of the British Association, into an European Association I It is as if the Social Science Congress and the British Asso ciation were amalgamated, and, alter being amalgamated were applied not to the affairs or to the future of one na tion, but of all nations ! In other words, as if those cora- bind projects alter having been thus intimately combined were transformed from a simply patriotic purpobe into one of a cosmopolitan character. Yet even then we have hardly said all—in illustration of the scope or of the significance of the Congress about to meet at Malines. For, while that assembly is designed to further the interests of art, of science, and of lirerature—it holds still nearer and dearer to its desires the hope of beneficially influencing the higher, and far more sacred in terests of morality and religion Its design relates not merely to the furtherance, if it be possible, of the general develcprnent of the benign scheme of modern civilisation, but svi,h that, and beyond that, the furtherance also, in so far as may be, in any w.. y possible to it, of the ineffable iute- rests of that which is far above civilisation, and in no imagin. able way antagonistic to it, Christianity I To summarise, as rapidly as possible, in a very few words, the merest, outline of the Congress about to be inaugurated at Matinee, it will be sufficient if we add, here, this evening, but a sentence or two additional. The general Assembly will, it appears, be subdivided into Five Sections--the Ist relating to Re ►igious Works; the 2d, to Works of Charity; the 3d, to Instruction, and especially Christian Education ; the 4th to Christian art, the sth and last being of a very miscellaneous chari.cter, having reference at once to reli gious liberty, to publications, to internatimal correspon dence, and so forth. The labours of the Congress are io be extended annually over a period at the least of abour four days—about four days, that is to say, upon the average . Each year these proceedings are to be ushered in by the solemn ceiebration of Divine service. At half-past nne o'clock, for example, on the morning of the 18th proximo the membees of the Cotogress assembled together for the first time at Matinee tram all parts of Europe are to meet at the place of rendezvous, th.mce to proceed in a body to the metropolitan church of St. Rombaut, where mass is to be pontifically celebrated at 10 a.m. by his Eminence the Cardinal Archbishop of Matinee, the Primate of Belgium. Afterwards the members of the Con- gress will repair to the place where they are to hold their sittings. They will then listen to the inaugu' al address of the Baron Gerlaehe. already nkentiored, as the Lord Chancellor of Belgium in his official caps dty Chief Judge of the Cour de Cassation, the learned Baron having been selected as President of the Committee of Organiza tion. The Congre,s, or Assembly, will then be formally constituted. The members of the Central Bureau will be nomirated, and Presiden•s of the various sections ap• pointed. According to the regulations already chalked out the sittings of the Sections are to take place in the morn ings—those of the General Assembly of the members in the afternoon —those of the more public assemblages connected With the Congress taking place in the evenings. ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA. MADLLE. LUCCA. Medlle. P Luline Lucca, whose recent success in the German capitals has filled their journals with so much enthusiasm, and attracted so much notic, in the musical world, made her debut at the above house on Saturday, in the heroine of the "Hugue nots," and achieved a success which was quite com mensurate with the faaie that had preceded her. Possessed of a lovely face and person, a rich an d powerful voice, and considerable dramatic feeli ng as well as the most th , rough musical accomplish ment, there can be 10 question that she comes befor e us with larger claims to popularity than any of our recent debutantes. Whether she is qual:fi,d, however, to sustain the highest walk of tragic opera, which Grisi so lo ng adorned, and w hi ch Madlle. Titiens so nobly illustrates, is still a ques tionto teat t of settled. dud t gin e settle with Raoul—we shou ld certainly inclin e to t h e belief that she was tri , re adapt e d to t h e characters in which grace and tend erness were more demanded than ideal grandeur or positi ve pass i on. Valentine—the by her sh are in the the un r i va ll ed duet great We see her more dtstinctly in the Sonnatnoula and th e Lucia than in the LucrEz'a, the Norma, or the Fidetio. e willinglY reserve, however, to a further nearing any conclusion on this p o i nt. Medi le. Lucca enjoyed on this occasion the usual idmirable sus , ainment of an opera which has so 'on g presented at this theatre bn instance of a corn pie , euess in all witernal, as great as in all musical details, avd was honoured by the most marked re cognitions of her powers, both in the manner she Aas twice call( d for at the conclusion of the great , uet, and also at the close of the performance. Th e nouse was very full. ERRONEOUS CONVICIION FOR MURDER subscription in favcur of the woman Doize has now been tail ly applied A cott,ge, of the vs ue of 2,000 t., has been purchased, and an annuity of 3361 been assigned her. It may be remembered that she was unjustly condernted for murder, and remained for more than a year in prison, when the error was discovtred by the confession of the teal murderer. DESTRUCTIVE MACHINES —A newly invented machine fot destroying ships has just been successfully tried at Helsingfors. The inventor is Lieutenant C. lone! Ramsdorf. They are made of glas6 and contain each about eight pounds of powder. An old ship with which the ex periment was made was completely blown to pieces. The Russian Gov,rnment has now given an order for a large number of these machines REPRESENTATION OF CLARE,— --Sir Coleman O'Loughlin, Q.C., has addressed the electors of the county of Clare, as a candidate for the seat, rendered vacant by the death of Mr. Calcott. Sir Coleman is much respected by all parties, and, as a Roman t atholic connected with the county, it is supposed he kill be acceptable to the majority of the electors. There is no other candidate yet in the field. A. w►ne merchant winced Locouchic, residing at Noniron (Dordogne). has just been cordemned to a month's imprisonment and 1(.0f. flue for having voted twice dutiiw the late elections. It appears that his name was entered on the lists at Neutron as a resident, and at Pansal (Haute- Vienne) as a landowner, and he voted in both places. ALGIERS.—A subterranean chamber, apparently constructed as a place of sepulchre, has just been dis- covered at Algiers in digging the foundations of the new college. Some handsome glass and earthenware vases were found inside. Access to the excavation was obtained by a trap fastened with a broezo lock, a sing of the same metal serving to raise it. We are requested to state that, in consequence of the accident to Sir Cresswell Cresswell, no more causes will be tried in the Court of Probate or in the Court for Divorce and Matrinr nil Cauees until the commencement of Michaelmas Term. EXTORTION AND INTIMIDATION IN LAW COURTS. —A petition to both Houses of Parliament is in course of signaturc. in the City, the object of which is to pray the Legislature to aeopt measures to put all end to the cractiec of extortion in the :superior low courts, LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAM.) THE POLISH INSURRECTION. THE POLISH PRISONERS IN ROUMANIA BUCHAREST, JULY 19, By order of Prince Couza the Poles captured in the recent engagement with the Rouman troops are to be treated as military prisoners, and receive rations as if with a regiment. Milcowitz, the commander of the Poles, has been relased upon parole. BERLIN, JULY 20. The Breslauer Zeigung, of the 191 b, publishes intelligence from Warsaw to the 16,h inst., stating that the insurgent leader Wiederzhicki hasdefeated 800 Russians near Lubartow, and that Chrezepecki gained a victory over 500 near Sobota. MEXICO. The following is the text of the despatch from General Foray, received by the French Minister of War : " MEXICO, JUNE 10. "I have just entered the city of Mexico at the head of the army. With a heart still agitated by the event, I address this despatch, in haste, to your Excellency to inform you that th, whole popula tion of this city received the army with an enthu siasm that bordered on delirium. The soldiers of France were literally crushed under the showers of garlands and 13 , quets. Only the entrance of the ,rt my into Paris on the 14th of July, 1859, whet, returning from Itall, cen give an idea of the scene. I have been present, with all theofficers of the staff at a 7s Deunt. in the magnificent cathedral of this capital, that was thronged by an immense crowd, Tae army, then, in admirable condition, di filed be fore me, with cries of Vive l'Empereur !" Vive l'llnperatrice ?' " " Atter the review I received an address from the authorities at the Palace of the Government. This population strongly desires order, justice, and true liberty. In my replies to their representatives I have promised them these in the name of the Em peror. " By the earliest opportunity I shall have th. , Honour of giving you fuller details of this reception —unequalled in history—which has ali the import ance of a political event, and of which the celebrity will be enormous. ' FoREY." SOUTHAMPTON, JULY 20. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steam ship Ripon, sailing hence to-day, takes out for the East the following specie Dollars, £128,760 ; har silver, £40,300 ; gold coin, £1,407 ; sovereigns, £lO,OOO ; gold thread, £555; and jewellery, £6,051. The Danish frigate Dagmar, Commander Siedelin, from St. Thomas, bound to Copenhagen, has pnt in here for coals. FRANCE. MK BOURSE, July 18,—Under the influence of the prevalent uncertainty as to the nature of Prine, Clortschakoff's reply, the market has been heavy to day, and prices hive generally declined. Threes, for the Account, have been offered at 68f. 60e. Mo bilier have dectinud to 1,163 t. 75e. Riilwty Shares have also slightly declined. The market closed as follows : ti per Cents. 97 25 Italian Loan 7l 95 I) end month.... Do. end month per Cents 1)0. end month. . 68 45 1M end month.... 'tech? Mobilier... , 1158 7.5 Russian .... •• • . 'O. end tumth... 1156 25 Austr i a 85 Bank Shares 3420 , j'a,ulsll Threes., ~ Credit koneter 1315 Home Debt ...... 51 72 40 RAILWAYN. Oath. Accowit. Orleap 8 1022 50 .. 1020 Nort'oern .... New ditt o Lyons and Mediterranean 1025 .. 1025 G eneva. , 482 50 .. 480 -, outttern Western . .. Eastern ...., ..... ...,.. 5i)2, 50 .. 500 Sardinian Austrian Lon.hard North of Spain Saragossa.. Ditto to Barcelona THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY, TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. Sir,--Mr. Fortescue, in reply to Mr. Wyld, stated that Canada had not complained, but Canada had no time to speak out, as the barter of the greater portion of British America from one private corn pany to another was not known here till a month ago, and Canada bad no idea that the British Go vernment would give a renewal of the lease—mono ply and exclusive privileges, after Chief Justice Draper's being deputed by that colony, in 1858, to the Colonial-office to watch the proceedings before the committee of the House of Commons, and state that the public feeling and opinion there was against the renewal of the lease, and in favour of withdraw ing pill the districts between Canada and the Rocky Mountains from the incubus of the company, and opening the colonies under the Crown and not under a private company. if Mr. Fortescue was ignorant of this Mr. Merry vale might have instructed him before he made a r. ply tending to mislead the house. The Government should not hurry so unjust ar d unconstitutional a measure through the house, but let it lie over till next session, that the opinion of Canada, the RFd River districts, and the ptopie at rime may be taken. The inhabitants of the Ro , d River said they would apply for annexation to the States if not freed fro 71 the sway of the cornpany,and made a Crown colony, or joined to Canada. The Government have swept away the monopoly of the East India Company, why then permit this, the only one in the empire, to stain the statute• book any longer P Sir Edmund Head, so long Governor-G-neral of Canada, ought to know the tientiments of Canada well, and how opposed thty are to the monopoly. Lord Taunton; who was cnairman of the commit• tee of the House of Con:awns on the Eluthon's Isa) question, spoke lately in the Lords on the subjtct. To make such a grant to any private company Jr itlegsl aud unconstitutional. It is to be hoped that some member will move it he House that the barter or transfer of one-thin ~ f a continent will not be ratifitcl this session; bu , that time be given for public opinion in Canada, thi colonies, the Red River, and this country to hi W. K. heard. Mr. A. Sullivan's opera is all but complete. VI( subject is said to be a legend well known to all versed in folk-lore. L. E L.—A writer in the Queen thus describe , . the app. ararce of Miss Landou :—Dark-brown hair soft, beautiful, and arranged with taste and care; a slight and graceful figure, small feet, small hands, small ears— a beautiful thing in a woman—features not "icily regular," as Tennyson has it , nor "faultlessly null ;" plently of faults in them if you took them to pieces, but as a whole, harmonious, pleasing, nay, charming. Charming, bec:tuse of the power of expression in the mouth and eyes. She had no large forehead, full of intellectual bumps, on which triumphant phrenology could sit astride; she bad no " roll. leg black eyes," or fiery orbs of Juno. Her brow was broad and full, her eyes soft and gentle. She did not despise a lit tie ornament in her attire, but still dressed simply and well. A jolly girl, fond of fun, fond of laugh. ing, and by no means the lonely, morbid being her verses pictured her. A clever girl, besides the mere facility of verse-writing—well-read in French and Italian. accom plished in most thl,gs, as I have said, except the art of mastering a pianoforte keys and that of forming ladylike pot-hooks and hangers. She was a lively talker, a n d a pleasing letter-writer. Her chief fault, at one period of her literary life, at least, was that of indulging too largely i n the tempting luxury of simile. Similes are like anchovy paste, to be used sparingly; but Miss Landon showered them over her pugee, and uttered one every third millet°, tin let z' 4 t 4 ill I " WV* HER MAJESTY. OSBORNE, July 18. His Royal Highness Prince Arthur arrived a Osborne on Thursday, attended by 11/I.ijor Elphim stone, and left again yesterday on a tour. The Hon. Beatrice Byng has left Osborne. JULY 19 The Queen, Princess Helena, and Princess Louise, attended Div'ne service at Osborne this morning. Tne Rev. G. Prothero officiated. The ladies and gentlemen in waiting were also present. The Dowager Countess of Mount-Edgcumb© has arrived as lady in waiting. The Prince and Princess of Wales. On Saturday the Princ: and Princess of Wales rode in a pony phaeton to ClifdPn. Their Royal Highnesses were attencltd by Leut.-Genera] Knollys, C tptain Grey, and the Marchioness of Carmarthen. The royal party re urned to Windsor by water, and landed in the Home Park, close by Albert-bridge, where carriages were in waiting to convey them to Frogmore. Yesterday (Sunday) morning, their Royal High nesses attended divine service at the parish church, St 'John. The lessons for the da3 and prayers wer rend by the Rev. Henry John E iison, vicar of Windsor; er d an .dmirliblo and impressive sermon trom toe 24rh chapter o! Detneronotn 3 , Bth aid 9 t, verses—" Take heed in the p!a g ue of leprosy," &c.. was preached by the Rev. T. Rioke. This morning, at te❑ o'clock, their Royal Hign nrsz.es the Prince and Princt-ss of Wales will take their departure from Frogmore, and proceed to 0, borne on a visit to her Al j-,ry, Their R qui Highnesses the Duchess of Cam bridge and Princess Mary honoured Lord and Lady Rokeby by their presence at dinner, rn Saturday evening, at Mon•. tegu House, Portman-square, His Royal Highness the Duke of C.mbridge re ceived the Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess vary and a select circle at dinner, last evening, at Gloucester House. Prince Mestcht rski has arrived at the Clarendon Hotel, fmna Brussels. Tne Duke and Duchess of Northumberland in tend to leave Brighton to-morrow for Syon House, Isle worth, where the noble ouke and duchess intend to stay a few weeks, and then go to Arnwick Castle for the autumn. The Duke and Duchess di Flitio have arrived at Thomas's Hotel, Berkeley square, from Paris. The Duchess de. Swot:mayor and family have arrived at Thomas's Hotel, Berkeley-square, from Madrid. The Marchioness (Frances Aunt) of Londonderry left ILlderness House, Park-lane, on Friday, for Wynyard Park, Durham, an t, after a «hod visit to Seaham Hall, will go to Garron Tower, her ladyship's seat in the north of Ireland. The Earl and Countess Grey left town on Friday for the season. They have gone to Howick Hall, Northum berland. The Earl Vane left town on Thursday to meet his yacht at Southampton, and then cruise to the westward. The countess left the same day for her seat in Wales. The Countess of Portarlington has left town on a visit to the Duke and Duchess of Marlborough at Blen heim. The noble earl is visiting the German Spas. Count Frarc,is Coudenhove bas arrived at the Clarendon Hotel from the Continent. The friends of the Err! of Dunmore will be pleased to hear that his lordship's leg is not broken, as re ported. He only received a blow from a croquet ball. Saturd-1 night Vr-counre.•s P.itners+on had an assembly at Cambridge House, Piccadilly, when most ,f the leading tashionables in town were present. Lard and Lady Belhaven lett town at the close of the past week for Wishaw House, th-ir seat in Lanark shire. SERIOUS ILLNESS OF LORD CLYDE.--We regret to hear that. Field-Marshal Lura Ulde ties alarm ingly ill at the residence of General Eyre, Chatham, and that his medcal attendants give no hope whatever of his recovery. His lords hip 11,.s be-kn buffering tronindisposition for some time past, but it atlas only during the pact week hat hi. illness ast-urned that characttr as to occasion any elarm among his friends. In answer to inquiries yesterday evening it was stated that his lordshp was becoming gra dually weaker, although still in possession of all his tacul les. DEATH OF MAJOR GENERAL FAtiRER.-1 r e above gallant and distinguished gallant officer died at his residence in Park-pl.ce, R. gent's-park, on Thursday last . at the advanced age of 85 years lot Einperor Na h a eon will go into mourning for a fort Light on account of i he death of the Duke of H.milton THE PROROGATION OFPARLIAMENT.—The min,b reriat fish dinnt r is fixt d for Sal urday next, at th , Trafalgar, Greenwich. The last vote in supply was only taken on Friday night. The Appropriation Act will be in troduced to-morr ,w (Monday), and it is stilt expected that Parliament will be prorogued on Tuesday, the 28th instant. —Observer. Dr. Wylde has been appointed to replaca Pro fessor Taylor, as Gresham Professor of Music. How 'Warburton set the fashion of disusing copes. It happened in my time, sir," said the verger of the cathedral. "Did you ever hear of Dr. War burton, sir? A very hot man he was, sir; we never could Please him in putting on his robe. The stiff high collar used to ruin. : his tull. bottomed wig ; till, one day, he threw the robe off in a great passion, and said he would never wear it again ; and he never did'; and th , other gentlemen soon left off theirs too."— Watson's _Life of br. Warburton. COLOUR NOT bHAPF !—A Copy, vouched for as one of the original fitt3, of Wedgwood's reproduc tion of the Portland Vase, was sold at Messrs. Christie, Manson and Wood's one day last week for 27 guineas Another copy, in no respect superior, having been sold in the same rooms a few years ago for newly 200 guineas. On the same day, and in the same sale, a tete a• tete service of Sevres china of the famous Rose du Berri gi ound, beautiful only in that colour, and otherwise quite worthless as a work of art, sold for about 300 guineas. THE STATUE OF STONEWALL JACKSON to be pre sented, from England, to the State of Virginia.— Mr. Foley, it appears, has undertaken to make the work for £l,OOO, and the work is proposed to be seven feet in height, on a pedestal of granite, designed by Mr. Foley, to bear the name of the General and dedication from Eng land on um side ; on the of her. General Lee's order of the day announc mg the death of Jackson. RAPIDITY WITH WHICH THE MANUFACTURE OF COTTON GOODS INCREASED DURING THE LAST CENTURY.—On the r.ccession of George the Third, in 17 0, the value of cotton fabrics annually tnAnutactured in Eng- land was estimated at about £2oo,ooo—whereas the worth of the cotton goods produced by English looms, in 1860, exceeded £52,000,000. In '772, British calicoes were made to the number of 50,000 pieces—iu 1816, the number had grown to 100,000. So late as the year 1750, the cotton manufacture employed only 20,000 British workers, annul ber raiser no higher than 80,000 in the first year of the prtsent century With the introduction of steam as the motive power applied to the spindles, b. gan the rapid .4rowiti of production and tr.de. In 1853 Great Britain ~,ond woik ttir 10,000 steam looins—end last year stie had in operution 39J,992 Kean) to ms, driven wrih a power of 74,000 horses, and employing 451,600 woc Irpeoplo in 2,887 factories, t bat contain, d 30,387,457 spindles. RIDICULOUS CONFUIoN IN THE MOUSE OF '(. l / 1 10P.S.—The hon. and learned me-mher for Westminster (Sir De Lacy Evans), who h s fought many orilliant battles in Spain, and who invaded the Crimea without loss of life or limb, mea,ured his tull length on the floor of the House of Commons, the other eveni ng, i n a very distressing and undignified manner. The hon. and galant get ileroan was passing in front of the Treasury Bench, when his spurs got entangled, some way or other, in the long legs of the Right Hon. F. Peel, the Financial Secretthy to the Treasury, and the result was that he lost his balance and sprawled over the feet of tie whole abinet Lord Palmerston most fortunately m .naged to get his legs out of the way in time, ann escaped disaster, but Mr. Milner Gibson and the Chancellor of the Exchequer were sadly spurred, although they good naturedly picked up the mem ber for Westininater and set him upright. Mr. Frederick Peel rubbed his shins, as well he might—an operation which occasioned no email amount of amusement to the occupants of the Treasury Bench opposite. For the futur, , it is clear that Sir De Lacy must either abandon the use o spurs in the House of Commons, or Mr. Frederick Peel must keep his legs out of the way. The former, we need scarcely say, is far more easy of accomplishment than the latter.—Court Journal. AMERICAN MAIL STEAMERS DUE THIS WEEK.- ihere are three American steamers, caruing due at Liverpool this week, viz., City of Baltimore, North American, and China, The City of Baltimore, which was to leave New York on tin 11th July, may be ex- pected to reach Queenstown in the coarse of to-morrow (Tuesday) ; the North American, with dates from Queb.c to the 11th inst., may be looked for at Greencastle on Tuesday night; and the Cunard boat China, with dates from New York to the 16th inst., may be expented tc, reach Queenstown on Friday night or Saturday morni ng next. As it is quite possible, h..wever, that the City of bpitimore may call off Cape Race, we shall, should the wires be working to that point, have a clear week'e later sews then by the Cunard beat Canada. Fearful Encounter in a Railway Carriage. On Fristay last a murderous assault was made in a railway carriage on the London and North Western tine b 3 Mr. Miehael Ly ons, Na tiona I School teacher, of B,rnpark, Ballymascallan, near Dundalk, upon two fellow passengers. The assailant had taken a return excursion ticket for a month from Ireland to London. As the 9.15 express train was about to start from Liverpool toLoadon he, Mr. Peter M'Lean, and Mr. James Worland, Plaistow, Essex, entered a second-class carriage, in which there was previ ously an elderly lady, After the train had started the prisoner, who had a large carpet bag, placed himself close by the window. He was heard to say something incoherently, but almost in a menacing sort of way. Mr. Worland and Mr. M'Lean, who were conversing, looked towards him, as did also the lady, who was seated near the window on the opposite side of the carriage. The prisoner, how ever, sat down quietly, and continatcrso until after the train had passed the B etchley station. Then he suddenly jumped up from his seat, and, with a large open clasp knife in his hand, rushed at Mr. Worland, and stabbed him in the forehead, causing a most frightful wound. He w,s in the act of at,ikir:g another b'ow, when Mr. M Lean knocked aim back on to the seat. This had the effect of in furiating him the more, He started to his feet, and was about to strike another blow at Mr. Wor- , land, when Mr. M'Lean seized him by the throat, and clutched the knite in his right band. A fear ful struggle ensued, and the prisoner drew the weapon through his antagonist's hand, cutting soma of the finger to the bone. Mr. Woriand, who all this time le,d not peen idle, although shockingly wounded, and wtt,k from toss of blood, managed to g. t behind the prisoner and throw him down. The triy i❑ ►he comp tr mm at, after screaming for cssis tance for some time, fainted away. '1 he struggle must have been a desperate one, for the prisoner, who was shouting loudly, endeavouted to rise and shake the two gentlemen off, at the same time striking and stabbing both of them. Fortunately the 01 lampin the etrrige was alight,andthisenabled Mr. Woriane and Mr M'Lean to wre,t the knife out of the prisoner's hand, and to keep him down till they arrived at Camden-town station. When the ticket collector entered the carriage he saw the wound, d men covered with blood holding the pri ,oner. The sides, seats, windows, floors, and every place in the carriage were covered with blood and finger-marks. Prisoner was at once conveyed to he station s where he made a statement to the eff-ct that he believed the two gentlemen who were with him to be thieves, who intended to rob him. He saw them talking to one another, and making motions towards him, and he thought he could not do better than defend himself, if only for his dear little ones at home. Mr. M•Lean's hand is fright fully cut, and he is also seriously injured in other parts of the body. Mr. Worland has been dangerously wounded, as stated in the medical cer- fixate which appears in the M3rylebone Po- lice reports. The prisoner has since been taken before Mr. LowEdes, one of the magistrates at Bletebley, and remanded on the deposition of Mr. Maclean until Thursday next. He volunteered no , statement in reply to the charge, and was t±en taken to the county gaol. On searching the prisoner's carpet bag a prize medal was found awarded to him by the Society of Arts, besides various books and papers, and he states that be came up from Dun dalk to be examined as a schoolmaster at the forth coming election at Burlington House. The police authorities are in communication with those at Dundalk by telegraph and post to ascertain the 'rush of the prisoner's statements and antecedents. He is supposed to be insane. Yesterday Mr. Wor land was .t o far convalescent as to be able to pro ceed to his residence at Victoria dock road. It may be mentioned that the train, being an express train, does not stop at the intermediate stations between Bretchley Junction and Camden, a distance of up wards of 40 miles, and there being no means of communication between the passengers and guards, inforrnition of the occurrence could only be made known on the arrival of the train at Camden station. SENSATION PRICPS OF PICTUtcES A letter troru 1-Itnry Gr .vee, pub Asher to the green, ap pears in the I.st number of the Athouvum —`• 6, P.. 11- mall, 14, 1863.—1 observed in your last week's j 111110 a letter front Mr. J. E. Gambart regarding toy purer', ee of • The Railway Station' picture, by W. P. Frill, that; I only pain Mr. Flatuu £13,000 for it. I beg to inform } , AI the statement is untrue.' 'l.'o this , mbiguous note of Mr. Graves our contemporary appends the following obs-rva tions "It would have be r more shtistactory to the pub lic, who have an anery sense of being in, stificd about these sensation prices, had Mr, Graves said in what particular and to what extent Mr. Gambart's statement was untrue. Does Mr. G. avt s mean to say that he has given more 'her. £13,000 tor the picture of the ''l he Rahway Station ?' If so, Mr. Gambart is certainly very much in the wrong. Mr. Gambart asserts that about £13,000' Mr. Graves has purchased—not only the original picture, but also a sub scription list of £16,000, the copyright in the work, the plate in its progressive state, the use of a replica and other things. All this is a very ciffertnt affair from a mere pur chase of the picture, whether for £13,000 or £:0,000. It is a series of purchases, included under a common term and paid for in a genet al sum. To the assertion of this sale, Mr. Graves must allow us to remind him that his reply is no real denial. Mr. Gambart said about,' £13.000. Mr. Graves does not deny that the price was about' £13,000, but only that it was not exactly £13,000. Is this a quibble about the pound of flesh ? It there is no mystification in the master, it will be easy for Mr. Graves to say so." WANTED, ANOTHER UNDERGROUND RAILWAY. —The bet:kerne proposed by Mr. Baylis of a great trunk line from Stratford to Oxford-street or Hyie p4rk-corner, would remove from the City streets a great part of that heavy omnibus and goods traffic, which now encumbers the Poultry, Cher,pside, Lwigate-hill, and Fleet•street. There is equal netd for another line, or an extension of the Metropolitan, to the rear of the Bank, and thence again to Fenchurch-street, to establish communica tions between the north and west of London and the lines that are alreadyenrappor t with the Metropolitan and the east ern suburLs and valleyof tneThames. Until some such exten sions of railway communications are made, we must expect an increase, not a decrease, of traffic in the streets, and s-eing that to street improvement there must be a limit, we must hope for increased space by railways below the surface, for therein do we best see the promise of an effec tual remedy for the evil which threatens to grow too great ter us. It we consider the wretched means of communica tion with the i'y at present possessed by the Metroi,o litan Railway, which carries 30,00 passengers a day, the imphrtance of extension will be seen to be in no way secondary to any consideration of public convenience, and it the extension had to be made out of public moneys, we believe that in the end public interests would be pro moted commensurately w ih the outlay —City Press. MARINE WAR RISKS.- fhe QuEgers attending to operations of our mercantile marine in low latitudes, from the increased numbers and activity of Centederata priv , iteers, have bee, ri.e so great that underwriters, both here and in New Yolk, have largely aavauced their pre miums for war risks. Not only the actual h,sses, but the I iitibilitie. of our marine insurance companies, on tie score t; ti ) ; : iv G ht- gB o F v e e la r s n hr m dt'l e 'i n ah t B , e i l id ' nu e giving underwrite , ( i i t a e i t i s yb , oaansud'a;,muaaerateescutrwe protectionho f " s n e ' l l t Y - ' pre set va ti on, are obliged to write war policies at a rate which ope rates almost as a prohibition on foreign commerce. R a t es fluctuate with almost every tr.4th receipt of marine advises, though with a general upward tendency at an average of 3 to 4 p r cent. to North European ports, 5 up the Mealter ranean, same to New Orleans and the West Indies, and 8 to 10 for vessels bound to any point south of the Equator— which is consid , re d the dangerous point in Atlantic naviga tion. In ca ses of spe vial risk,hypothecated upon a combine; ion o expo se d position of ace'rrePtcaehirn'airUgvUeeSd s n u d aitn N sa e tna i c Y pe s o a r r"t ie si c u rue n ig d aar e r r d w lsi r mt i h t e e e' r s m h:he h g quite he a r n rates - ber of such under consideration to arrive, which they de cline to write under 25 to 3,3 per cent. Late intelligence from San Francisco mentions 15 per cent, as the rate charged there for voyages to North Atlantic ports, No distinction is now made in favour of American bottoms engaged in the British carrying trade, as the neutral ownership of cargoes is found to be no guarantee of s dety. The bonds given by sea captains for the release of captured vessels are supposed to hold good as against both owners and underwriters; but the question of ultimate liability under these bonds is one which depends upon circumstances connected with the final issue of the war. The sales of bonded ships in foreign ports are made with a special reference to this liability.—Boston Commercial Bulletin. SINGULAR LISCOVERY —A few days since the workmen at the c .rriage department of the R 3a l Arsenal were employed in sawing up a large elm tree, when a bird's nest, apparently that of a sotrrow, with three eggs, Was round in a cavity of the timber, but having no outlet to the su r f ace . From its position it is considered that the nest must have remained in the tree for a Lumber of years. The nest, with the wood surrounding it, was placed in a glass care for preservation at tha museum of the establish ment. DESTRUCTIVE FIRE IN CURL;.—Tne exteusive premises of Hagarty Brothers, tanners, Blarney-lane, Cork, wore, on Saturday lest, completely destroyed by fire.