The Sun. — London, England, 1864-08-01 00:00:00

Elci ?eriments at Shoelygyness, The mill tary experimental season at Shoebury may be said to be drawing to a close. Of course, experimental firing will not cease—it never does at Shoebury; t' ae Armstrong and Whitworth compe tion, too, is E rare to drag its slow length along, till even science itself grows weary of the endless task of compariT ig minute shades of range and Emu racy at a i Distance of four miles. These trials are sure to 0o forward as usual, but the great summer F!ourse of experiments may be said to be disposed of when the present week's trials are ended. Early on Wednesday next the last of a most important series of experiments with various descriptions of steel shot by 12 differ ent manufacturers will be made against iron plates. On Thursday Professor Pole's target, which closely resembles in all its leading features of construction these on which the French frigate La Gloire is built, will be tested as our own targets are tried. On Friday a floating Warrior target will be anchored out 2,000 yards off Shoebury, and on this No " Big Will," the 000-pounder, will have to prove its ac curacy and penetration at that range. other targets will then remain to be tried till winter, when the value of Mr Chalmers' system as a pro. tection to forts and embrasures will be tested side by side with an ordinarily-built granite fort covered with armour-plates. Thi s little granite fort has been a long time in course of erection, and we venture to think a great deal of money is bei ng most needlessly throw n away in facing the surface of the stone with ornamental tooling, which must, of course, be all covered in with the iron armour when completed. As far as the competition with various kinds of steel shot ha s gone , an d th ere is nothing yet to come which seems likely to affect the broad general results already obtained, —Mr K r u pp's metal has been the best; John Brown and Co.'s shot have been the next best, and close upon Mr K ruPp's, and Mr Attwood's have been the next best to Mr Brown's. There has been, however, a wider margin between the performance of Mr. Brown's and Mr Attwood's shots than there has bet ween Mr Brown's and Mr Krupp's. Mr Brown's me::el has been very close indeed upon the excel. len cies of Mr Krupp, though Mr Krupp's price per ton is, it is stated, nearly double that of Mr Brown's —a difference of cost which is in no way justified by the difference in performance. Mr Brown is supplying his steel shots to the committee at £3O per ton, while the cost of Mr Krump's metal is stated at £so—a difference of nearly 70 per cent. in, price, when there is certainly not a difference of 10 per cent. in effectiveness. Judging from what Krupp, Brown, and Attwood have each accom plished, there is no reason to doubt but that the steel of the last-named maker, at even £4O per ton, would be to the full as cheap for this country as Mr. Krupp's at £5O. It must also be borne in mind that the manufacture of steel shot has only just been commenced in this country, and that even daring the last few months it has been improved with such rapidity as to justify those most expe rienced in the subject in believing that before another twelvemonth has elapsed Mr. Krupp's will in this country be equalled in quality and sur passed in cheapness of production. It will be impos sible, however, to arrive with any degree of certainty at the merits of the various shot till the committee hive up their present practice of allowing each com p After a plate to himself, and then taking as their basis of calculation that each plate is precisely alike in its powers of resistance. Nothing can be wider from the fact than the inference of an uniform standard of resistance being offered by all the plates alike; for no two of the best plates made by the besc firms are ever found under fire at Shoebury to be eqwd in strength. To have a fair trial of the steel shot, Krupp, Brown, and Attwocd should each fire their projectiles at the same plate, when it could at once be seen which was the best projectile, and whether it is true that the undoubted excellence of Mr. K: app's metal has in these experiments been aided to a certain extent by his having to fire against a plate which is said to have been more brittle than the rest. In the face of the enormous differences which are known to exist in the resist- mnota offered by armour-plates of the same thick. ess, it seems impossible to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion on this subject till the rival competi tors are made to fire at the same target. One mportant fact, however, has been ascertained by these trials—that even Sin. plates unsupported by bcking are insufficient to keep out steel shot when fired from the Armstrong breech-loader with a 10ib. charge of powder. Though the competition between the Scott, the French, and the Lancaster b•un is still going forward and likely to continue for sc.3me time, its general results may be summed up eves now. The French gun does not shoot well, and blows the studs off its shot before it leaves the muzzle. The grave defect is supposed to arise from their not being properly fitted to the projectile, and partly from the excessive charges (251 b.) used in the gun. Commander Scott's gun has a shade the better of Mr Lancaster's in range, and Mr Lancaster has on thelwhole a superiority in accuracy. All three, how ova., are decidedly and undoubtedly inferior in both range and accuracy to either the shunt gun or the Whitworth. This inferiority, therefore, may be said to at once settle the claims of any one of the three to be introduced into the service—not that the trial has therefore been useless; on the contrary, its results have been most valuable as affording additional proof of the immense value and importance of the system of construction of rifled guns which Sir W. Armstrong has introduced—the steel barrel with the,welded coils round it. Strange as it may seem to the general public who hear so constantly of the competition of rifled ordnance, it is nevertheless true that nothing has been easier from the first than to get a good system of rifling, and it is just because the difference between the shooting of good guns rifled on different systems is so slight that these competitions are never-ending. The real problem has been to manufacture guns which would bear rifling. Range and accuracy are attainable with a l mos t any good rifled guns—it is their endurance which has to be tried—the wear of their projectile on the rifling, the destructive effects of their shell on men, and their shots on armour, and, above all, their capacity to fire spherical shot, which must be used on many occasions, as well as the long conical rifled projectile. During the past week the trials with the 600. pounder have been continued at 5 deg. elevation with live and blind shell to test the value of diffe rent kinds of fuses, especially those of Sir William Armstrong and Colonel Boxer, with time and per cuesion of each. The Boxer shell, which has been designed especially by Colonel Boxer for the Whit• w or th gun, which until new has been without one of any kind, has apparently some sli g ht wan t o f completeness in its percussion arrangement of fuse. It was this defect, and probably the sometimes un certain ricochet of Mr Whitworth's shot after its first graze, which induced the Armstrong and Whitworth Committee to allow many of the shells with percussion fuse experiments to be made against wooden screens. These screens through which the percussion fuses were fired were of course special novelties which could not, under any circumstances, be expected in actual warfare, and their use could only be defended on the ground that the fall re'3ults of Col. Boxer's shell could be obtained in no other manner. At any rate, these trials aro not considered so conclusive for service purpoees as to warrant th e abandonment of a still more extensive series of experiments which are to be made with the Armstrong and'Beser shell and fuses. Some of these have been made with the 600-pounder, which, having to get through its 150 proef rounds, might as well be used for this purpose asm ,rely raring its charge blindly over the sands. It i 3 impossible to. speak definitely of these as yet i results heyor? saying that some matters o f detail in c„1. Boxers percussion arrangements sp par to requiro the careful adjustment which c'm only be devolop3d ,and ascertained tee practice. There is not the slightest doubt that 'the same ingenuity anti skill which enabled Col. B oxer to design this shell w ill easily enable him, with the knowledge ro be derived from this and .other artillery practice, to overcomiu the slight de. feces in its percussion fuse. 0.2 e of COI. Boxer's time-fuse shells, fitted with his percussion arrange. ment, burst in the 600 nounder with _l3lb. of p ow der, and, s" might have Iron expected with a wrought-iron gun it cut and indented some portions of the barrel more or less. One impression was nearly the size of a florin and almost thrice as thick. Had this wrought-iron gun been lined with a steel barrel, as Sir William wished, it would have 'made little or no mark at all, and, as it is, the mere fact of a wrought-iron gun bearing the explosion of a shell loaded with 1 31 b. of powder in its barrel in addition to its firing charge of 701 b., speaks loudly in favour of the strength of this welded principle of construction. The same gun was also fired to test its velocity, and gave almost indenti cal results with those previously obtained from other tests of the same kind. The shot left the muzzle at an average velocity of 1,250 ft. per second, diminishing, as might be ex pected from its enormous weight, very slightly at 500 and 1,000 yards, and alighting on the target at 1,500, with a speed of from 1,090 to 1,085. The deviation from the true line of firing during these experiments was something marvellously slight. Now that the men have 'got accustomed to this piece its loading is conducted with such rapidity that during a considerable part of one day there was only an interval of 31 minutes between fire and fire, including all the delays of cleaning, training the carriage, and getting the precise elevation. The impressions recently taken of this gun's bore sho wno perceptible increase either in width cr depth of the minute openings in the coils we have before spoken of, except that instead of being all in the direction . of the coils, there are indications of their appearing longitudinally. It may and will no doubt be a long time before these affect the durability of the gun, but there can be no question but that when once these insidious fissures make their appearance, it is a mere matter of arithmetic to ascertain how many rounds the gun will stand before the gases find their way through the inner coil and then instantly ruin the piece. That it will fire its 150 proof rounds there is no question, but it is much to be hoped that after this heavy trial is over it may before further expe riments are entered on be returned to Woolwich to be lined with a steel barrel. The Armstrong and Whitworth competition pro per is not expected to be resumed till towards the end of this month. Without at all wishing to de tract from the value of the labours of this Commit tee, we may still venture to express an opinion that no great importance attaches to what remains to do in this long contest. The minds of the Committee must have been long since made up as to the value of each gun as a military weapon; they now know their endurance, can appreciate their destruc tiveness, estimate the cost of their production, and the facility with which each is likely to be pro duced when urgently wanted. What remains to try may be most valuable as a scientific experiment; it may be interesting to know which gun at four miles drops its shot so many feet more or less to the right or left of the true line of fire, but beyond illustrating long-range theories by actual practice there is nothing which concerns the character of each gun as a weapon of war that is not already well known. As we have said throughout, the trial has been a delusive one is limiting the size of the competing guns to 70-pounders, which are ad mitted to be too light to be of any effect against armour-plates—the only use for which rifled guns are wanted now. There are several 130-pounders of Sir William's at Shoebury, and there is one of Mr Whitworth's also, which was built on Sir Wil- am's coil system at Woolwich. If these guns are tried, some really good and definite result may be obtained in return for the very large sum this com petition will cost the public. Unless such trials are made, scientific artillerists will regard a corn petive trial of 70 pounders as of very little worth. Naval and Military Intelligence, The Duke of Cambridge will make a 'personal inspection of the Ist Life Guards, the Royal Horse Guards, and the 12th Lancers this morning at Wormwood Scrubbs. The several regiments will form in review order at half-past nine o'clock. His Royal Highness will be attended by .he Inspector-General of Cavalry and a numerous Staff. Major-Gen. Lord Wm. Paulet, C. 8., Lieut.• Governor of Portsmouth and general officer in command of . the south west military district, will leave Portsmouth this morning for the Royal Military Hospital at Netley, accompanied by his Staff, in order to be present at the ceremony of laying the foundation stone, by the Prince of Wales, of a memo• Hal cross in memory of the medical officers who fell in the Crimea. A guard of honour fur the occasion will be fur nished from ;the 26th (Cameronians) Regiment, in Ports mouth garrison. A general regimental order of the Royal Artillery, pro. mulgated on Saturday, state that the Field Marshal Com manding-in—Chief, in conjunction with the Right Hon. the Secretary of State for India in Council, has directed that an officer of whatever grade who may in future be promoted to a vacancy in a brigade not belonging to the branch of the service to which he originally belonged, in consequence of an officer in the rank above him having, before his promo tion, been permitted to exchange from the old Royal Arta. lary to the late Indian Artillery, or vice versa, shall belong to the brigade in which the vacancy actually occurs, and not to the brigade to which he would have fallen had no exchange been sanctioned. With a view, however, to lessen as much as possible the hardships to individual officers who may on promotion be thus compelled against their inclina tion to join a brigade not belonging to their owa branch, his Royal Highness is pleased to direct that no exchange shall be permitted when an officer stands within ten of the top of the list of the rank he na.iy hold. The gentleman cadets belonging to the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich are ordered to be at their po3ts on Wednesday next, and to resume their studies on the fol lowing day. The Channellsquadron, consisting of the screw steamship Edgar, 71, Capt. Geoffry T. P. Honaby, flag of Rear-Ad mi;al Sydney C. Dacres, C.B. ; the iron ships Warrior, 40, Capt. the Hon. Arthur A. Cochrane, and Black Prince, 41, Capt. James F. B. Wainwright, with the ironcased ship Prince Consort, 35, Capt. George C. Willes, C. 8., and the two rams which left Torbay on Friday evening, was in the Channel off Plymouth Sound at 8 o'clock on Saturday morning under steam and canvas; wind, W.S.W., free. The weather then became thick, and the ships commenced firing, which was heard by the fishermen for two hours. The squadron was on its way to Ireland. The gunboat Trin culo, tender to the Edgar, arrived at Devonport on Satur day, short of coal, and will follow the Admiral. The Urgent screw troopship, Capt. S. H. Henderson, is ordered to bo completed for sea by the 15th inst. The Urgent will bring to England one-third of the Guards now in Canada. The remainder will embark for England in the Himalaya. The Wolverene, 21, screw corvette, Capt. De Horsey, sailed from Spithead, under canvas, yesterday afternoon for the westward. The Racer, 11, screw corvette, Commander Wray, sailed from Spithead at noon yesterday for the Mediterranean. The screw steam gun vessel, Philomel, 5, Commander Leveson Millman, from the west coast of Africa, arrived at Plymouth yesterday afternoon. The Turkish Imperial frigate Estourel,Capt, Hassan Bey, and Relepers Nusrett, Capt. Ahmed Bey, commenced dis charging their guns, shot, and ammunition, on Saturday, in barges at Furfleet, for conveyance to Woolwich Arsenal, to be stored during the period necessary fur their fitment with steam machinery at B!ackw.ii. The two officers in command, who speak Engilsh with remarkable fluency, paid an official visit of courtesy on Friday to Commodore Dunlop, superintendent of Woolwich Dockyard. The visit was returned on the following day by Commander Towsey, the newly-appointed officer in command cf the flag-ship Fisgard. Her Majesty's iron steam storesl,ip Dromedary, Master- Commander Alexander Brown, recently returned from the Mediterranean, was on Saturday undocked at Woolwich, having been cleared of an immense collection of barnacles and seaweed, in which her sides and keel were embedded to en almost incredible extent. In spite of the numerous in ventions guaranteed to remedy the evil, every application has hitherto been ineffectual. The chartered freightship Eastern Princess sailed on Saturday fronaWoolwich Arsenal for the Cape of Good Hope, laden with shot, shells, powder, and other war stores. The paddlewheel steam yacht Osborne, 2, Staff Comman der E. H. K. Bower, having filled up with ecal, left Ply mouth on Saturday for Pembroke to convey the Lords of the Admiralty to Ireland. On their return thence they will probably inspect the naval establishment at Devonport. The crew of the screw steam corvette Encounter,, 14, Capt. Richard Dew, at Davenport, will probably be paid off on Wednesday. Mr Alfred B. Sql.rdee, Assist Master Shipwright at Malta Dockyard, hqs been promoted and appointed to Malta Dock yard as Master Shipwright, vice Mr W. B. R o bi nson, ap pointed to the Chief Constructors' Staff at the Admiralty. The following appointments have been made at the Ad miralty :—Commander W. S. S. Blid3es, Commander W. Spratt, and Commander B. L. Lefroy, to be Inspecting Commanders of the Coast Guard, vice Commanders J. B. Field, S. S. Skipwith and Palliser, whoa period of service has expired—Lieut R. S. Chisholme, to command the Flamer, vice Gooch, promoted—Lieut T. K. Hudson, to the Impregnable, additional, for service in the Squirrel, vice Wright, promoted—Lieut H. Burnaby, to the Blen heim—Lieut Louis Geneste, to the Irresistible— Sub Lieut 11. A. Mandeville, to the Clio—and J. B. Vrgiley, assist paymaster, to the Clio. THE SUN,' LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 1, 1864. The Late Volunteer Review, The following correspondence has been sent to us fo: publication:— Horse Guards, July 26. My lord,—Having myself taken command of the volun teers assembled at Wimbledon on Saturday last, I have satisfaction in informing your lordship that the review passed off in a creditable manner. There were between 9,000 and 10,000 men on the ground, including 40 pieces of artillery of various calibre, fairly horsed. The force was divided into two divisions, the one under Major-Gen. Lord F. Paulet, the other under Major-Gen, Rumley. In consequence of the serious accident which had occurred on Thursday last to a man of the Coldstream Guards the medical men in charge of the patient were of opinion that no firing should take place. This seriously in terfered with the effect produced by the movements that were performed previously to the marching past. It, how ever, enabled me to look more critically into the drill of the force on the ground, and I am enabled to state that the orders issued were carried out with great attention and zeal. Battalion and company drill still require much attention, for extended movements can only be executed with success and with good effect when corps are all practised in these rudiments of the profession. There is one point to which I am particularly anxious to draw attention. The corps in general appeared on the ground in reduced numbers on former occasions, and many of them arrived so late that the Second Division was only formed just before it became necessary from the lateness of the hour to commence the marching past, Both these inconve niences must be ascribed, I think to the same cause—the difficulty experienced by the members of the several corps in leaving their ordinary avocations in time to enable them to reach the ground at the hour specified, and the impossi bility for many members of the corps coming out at all. These drawbacks would, I think, be obviated if attendance at the larger gatherings of volunteers by the respective corps were confined to three or four in the course of the sea son. In that case I cannot bat think that the members of corps would be enabled to give themselves or to obtain a whole holiday from their ordinary avocations; a larger and more useful field day could then be attempted ; corps would turn out strong, greatly adding to their appearance on parade and to the efficiency of their drill, as it must be evident to all who are conversant with military operations that larger companies and stronger battalions always drill and manoeu vre with greater effect and advantage than small bodies of men. Trusting that these remarks may be useful to the future succets of the valuable movement which has now assumed so permanent a character, I am, my Lord, yours, GEORGE. To the Right Hon. the Earl De Grey and Ripon. War-office, July 29, Sir,—l have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your royal highness's letter of the 26th inst. on the subject of the volunteer review at Wimbledon on the 23d inst. In reply, I have to express my satisfaction that this review passed off so creditably, and that the orders issued by your royal highness were carried out with attention and zeal by the various corps present.—l have the honour to be, Sir, your royal highness's obedient servant, ' ,DE GREY AND RIPON, His Royal Highness the Field Marshal commanding-in-Chief. and encampment during last week, at Lockinge, near Want age, in close proximity to the seat of the commander of the battalion, Col. Loyd Lindsay, V.C. The meeting com menced on Monday, and the camp presented an interesting and animated scene—and the proceedings lasted nearly the whole week. Ia addition to the competition for prizes,there were battalion drills, athletic sports, amateur theatrical per formances, two grand balls, &c., and Col. Lindsay spared no expense or trouble to render the meeting successful and pleasant. Quartermaster -Sergeant Clarke (Wallingford) made 52 marks at 200, 500, 600, and 800 yards (which were the ranges selected), and carried off the County Challenge Cup with a purse of £2O, and the bronze medal of the Na tional Life Association—Private J. S. Morland (Abingdon) won a silver cup value £3O, given by the County Associa tion, having scored 50—Corporal Witherington (Reading) gained the Ladies Cup, value £2O, with a score of 49. The handsome prizes offered by the Lord-Lieutenant of Lincolnshire, Lord Aveland, for the best shots, were con tended for on Friday, the 29th ult, at the Spalding butt,by 60 competitors from the several companies forming the 2d battalion of the South Lincolnshire Rifle Corps. First prize a silver bowl, 25 guineas, to Quartermaster-Sergeant Lax ton, sth Stamford Company. Second prize of £5, to Cor poral Wadsley, 18th Company, Falkingham. Third prize of £3, to Sergeant Preston, 13th Company, Spalding. Fourth prize, private Miller, 3d Company, Grantham. more long sighted wisdom may prevail in both countries and determine the relations they hold to each other. THE " SPECTATOR" ON MR. FREDERICK PEEL AND MR. WILLIAM COBBETT.—Is there a Bourbon among the Treasury clerks, or a Plantagenet hitherto unknown to genealogists, or a claimant for the extinct honours of Aubrey de Vere, " noblest subject in Europe ?" It surely never can be Mr. Frederick Peel, of all men on earth, who drew up, though he has certainly signed, this oddest of little notices, inserted in the Parliamentary return of pensions granted this year : "Mrs. Emma Leaf, £so.—As the widow of Mr J. Leaf, who, though of humble origin, was a contributor of articles of great merit to various journals." The pension is an odd one in itself, for it has not hitherto been customary to make such grants to the widows of journalists, and the precedent is not one the country would like to see extended. It savours too much of the old relation between the journalist and the minister, the dependent and the patron, which has passed away, let us hope for ever, and suggests doubts whether the contributor of great merit who attacked Lord Palmerston could bequeath his widow to his country with quite as much confi dence as the contributor of little merit who had defended him. The Premier who gave Poet Close a pension " as a sort of Burns you know" can hardly be implicitly trusted even to criticise " leaders," would be a better judge of the: merit of a jour nalist's subject than of the literary skill with which the subject was disposed of, might even be inclined to consider the circulation of the jour nal with which his pet contributor was connected as an element in his literary rank, reward every. body on the Adverfser, the "Protestant flail" in eluded, while leaving people on the Herald to lan guish in hopeless envy. The pension itself, however, may pass, for Mr Leaf was so unknown to fame that he may have had real claims ; it is the wording of the explanation to which wo are anxious to call at tention. It is, we think, the first time since the days of Homer that " humble origin" has been officially declared to be a disqualification for literary success—to add anything to the credit which at taches to the possession of brains. It is common enough to remark when a man rises high in life that he was of humble origin, because in such cases the social distance to be covered really increases greatly the exertion required for the race, and con sequently the merit of victory in the strife. When M. Arouet dined with kings his origin added to the credit of the social achievement ; but even a Mont morency hardly considered " Zaire" more wonder ful because its author was not born de Voltaire. Sir Robert Peel felt the former truth when he told the House of Commons it was a subject of boast for England that he, the son of a man who had worked at the loom, could stand there as Premier; but origin has not hitherto been considered among the countrymen of Shakspere and Bunyan, Cobbett and Whewell, to include among its drawbacks intel lectual impotence. The idea of the clerk who wrote that sentence, if not of the Peel who passed it with. out excision, was obviously of this kind—" The articles are very good, and he was only a tradesman's son ; quite wonderful you know ! if he had been a peer's, now, or even a baronet's son, there would have been nothing in it." He seems to have thought that " family," and hereditary wealth and status, besides conferring qualities on their possessor, con ferred also capacities, would, if the Treasury could be logical, argue in the teeth of Professor Owen that the brains of working men's sons must of necessity weigh less than those of the descendants of the idle. This is carrying the aristocratic idea into quite a novel region. Hitherto the believers in rank have been content to claim an inherent capacity for soldier ship,though the best English general was the descen. dant of an Irish exciseman; and governing, though the "son of the weaver" through life outstripped the Stanleys ; and sitting on thrones, though the son of the Corsican lawyer made of them all a pedestal for his own ; and diplomatic finesse, though the ablest diplomatist we ever had was a little clerk in Henry VIII.'s Court named Paget; and have left such low pursuits as art, and literature, and physi cal science, and national economics to the men " of humble origin," but the concession is to be made no longer. At the Treasury it is believed that origin not only helps a man to govern—that has been its permanent creed for ten centuries—but that it helps him to think, that for a man of no family or means to write contributions of merit is a development so wonderful as to justify national grants to the lusus naturce who accomplished it. One does not expect the Treasury to know much of literature, to be aware that its high priests have belonged indiffe rently to the " blue" and the " gutter" blood, that Scaliger, head of a consular house, a man by whose side even a Bourbon is a 210VIIS horn°, was no greater than Person, son of a parish clerk; but "a depart ment" might recollect a man who once worried it sorely, one Cobbett, son of a little country publican, himself a common soldier, and beyond all comparison or chailenge the most effective writer of "leaders" who ever lived—as much beyond Ster , ling as Sterling was beyond lir. Slop. We wish he had had the task of commenting on this Treasury return, he would have given its author what the bluest blood does not invariably secere, an immor tality of ridicule. Somebody in the House, let us say the Protectionist who, his ancestors having lived on the same Dutch swamp for a thousand years, is entitled to consider himself moseegrown, should move for a tabular statement from the Trea sury explaining its ideas about origin in the form of the "Table of precedence among men." Where does "humble origin" begin arid end that it should be entered as an accepted definition in a Treasury minute ? Is occupation everything, or will clear descent be admitted as a palliative, and an excep tion drawn in favour of men like the mason who died in Cornwall, last of the Palwologi, or like Purkis, who lives or did live in the New Forest, and whom Sir Francis Puigravo believed to be as clearly the descendent of the charcoal-burner who lifted the body of William Rufus as the Queen is of the Conqueror l How many generations of assured status does it take to enable a man to write a leader good enough for Treasury approval ? Can a black smith's son do it, or ought he to confine himself to reporting, and leave the higher walk Bey to his third descendant ? There is a record existing of a shoemaker's son who translated the Scriptures into forty languages, translated them so well that the worst of all was read out in Peshawar to a crowd of Afghans, who understood every word; was that, in Mr. Peel's judgment, an impertinence ? Ought the learned old man to have wa it e d t ill hi s son, a lawyer, we believe not given to Biblical inquiry, could show a brain one remove further from the " last ?" There are differences of rank among occupations. Topeople so great as Treasury clerks everybody who earns his bread, from a cobbler to a chemist, may appear of the same grade, but those incompetent persons do not agree with the clerks, and as they have votes there may be come trouble in settling their compa rative precedence, mor e es p ec i a ll y as th e po p u l ar feeling is altogether chaotic. A man who had risen far would much rather say " I am the son of a ploughman" than " I am the son of a tailor," yet socially the tailor is uppermost. Is the tailor's son to be permitted to write small paragraphs of news, and the ploughman's only to do penny-a-lining ? 'That would have been a little hard upon Burns, and oven Place, who wrote plays our fathers used to admire, might have kicked at his promotion. Where, too, is printing to stand ? Is it to rank as a handicraft, and only use the scissors ; or as a trade, and condense the murders ; or as a profession, and ascend to short notices, leaders and reviews being kept for the gentry ? That will be an anxious point for Lord Palmerston, who knows people as well as things, and won't be much disposed to condemn all printers' sons to the literary kitchen. What is to be done, too, about a man who sells slate and happens to be of blue blood and ruler of a vast empire, or deals in iron and is one of the few Norman nobles, or has money out of a mercery and is a respected Bishop and theologian? Such people must be allowed to write leaders, but with only one hand and one eye, which would be incon venient. We fear Mr Peel's subordinates have thrown on him a task which will worry him a little, and we would advise him next time he signs a par liamentary paper to read it, and habituate himself when granting a favour to be very careful that its wording does not convey an insult. THE "LANCET" ON THE ACCIDENT AT WIMBLE DON.—WC have gathered the following particulars of the accident from inquiries among some of those who were present and rendered him assistance. The poor fellow, it seems, was stooping, with his back to the firing point, at the time of the infliction of the injury. The bullet entered his body about two inches from the spine on the left side, between the eighth and the ninth ribs, fracturing the former, and lodged in front about the junction of the fourth costal cartilage with its rib, on the same side, where it was felt by Dr Westmacott immee diately after the accident firmly wedged. When the wound in the back was explored it was found to admit readily the little finger in a channel which passed upwards as regarded the upright posture of the body, but horizoctally, of course, in reference to its, position when the wound was inflicted. There was at first a considerable haemorrhage from the wound, but this speedily ceased. Although the ball immediately after the accident could be distinctly felt at its seat in the front of the thorax, effusion of blood and air in the areolar tissue under the skin speedily raised a large s we lli ng , which completely obscured the situation of the missile. The emphy sema spread gradually over the left front of the thorax, invading also th e u pp er p ar t of the right te. side, but did not go beyond this. It seems probable that the coagulation of the effused blood prevented any fat tiler extravasation of air from the th orale cavity. Brig et arterial frothy blood was i spat np frequently by the patient, and this, coupled with the extending emphysema, the amphoric breathing, which could be plainly heard by the ear applied to the chest, and his state of alarming collapse, gave what must be considered unequivocal proof of a wound of the lung. On the other hand, the fact that in the course of a few hours the bloody sputa lessened in quantity and fre quency, and that the dyspneca although urgent was not excessive, gave reason to hope that the lesion of the lung was not of a very severe character. A right line drawn from the wound in the back to the place of lodgment of the ball would pass through the thickest part of the left lung and the seat of the largest pulmonary vessels, possibly also through the important vessels about the root of the heart. Now, although it is conceivable that the bullet took this direct course, and yet fortunately avoided the ex. tensive injury which might seem almost inevitable, it is easier to imagine either that it skirted the wall of the chest internally, or that the lung, by offering little or no resistance, allowing the bullet to slip over its surface generally without traversing it. In either case, however, there seems lktle doubt that a portion—probably a small one—of the lung was transfixed. The amount of shock was excessive ; the pulse was so enfeebled as to be at times inap. preciable, and for au hour or two it was doubtful whether the patient would not rapidly sink and die. Dr. Westmacott, in consultation with several volun teer surgeons who were present, decided, and we think with proper judgment, upon leaving the ball alone. The presence of the bullet in the front wall of the chest had nothing to do with the symptoms under which the patient seemed likely to succumb, and its removal could not, at that time at least, im. prove his condition. If it were so superficially placed as to be then got at readily, such an operation could be undertaken at a future time, supposing the man lived, with much less risk of injury to him. If, on the other hand, there was any difficulty to be apprehended in its withdrawal, a period of such momentary peril to his life was an inappropriate one in which to enter upon the task, The times have gone by in which some mysterious influence and power of harm used to be attributed to the presence of a bullet in the body, and when army surgeons would risk everything, including the life of their patient, to an effort for its removal. (Some remarks in a letter recently published in the Times by Staff-surgeon Wyatt, more than in sinuating that the non-removal of the bullet would jeopardize the patient's recovery in the sequel, were unprofessional and totally uncalled for. Mr. Wyatt is entitled to have an opinion of his own, whatever it may be worth, but he is only degrading himself in the estimation of his professional brethren when ho obtrudes that opinion upon the public in an offensive letter.) The patient was placed upon the injured side to allow of the free play of the sound lung, while ice and brandy were administered to him. When the most pressing period of collapse had passed over, chloroform was inhaled with some relief to the agonizing pain in the chest, of which he constantly complained. On the following day he was able to take some beef-tea in addition to other restoratives. The expectoration of blood gradually lessened and some vomiting occurred. His breathing was 44 to 48, and his pulse ranged from 120 to 140 in the minute. On the next day he coughed up some black coagula. The urine being retained, with great spasm of the urethra the catheter was introduced twice. The patient still remains at Wimbledon, and, by our last accounts, no unfavourable symptoms had super vened. Although the risk of fatal hwmorrhage may now be said to have ceased, he has still, in all probability, to go through the trying ordeal of localized or general pneumonia with empyrema ; and it need scarcely be said that his condition is a very precarious one, although far from hopeless. O❑ Wednesday morning effusion of blood was found to have taken place into the left side of the thorax, impeding the respiration, and pushing the heart to the right side. This effusion has not apparently increased since Wednesday, and the patient is tolerably free from pain. THE "LONDON REVIEW" ON BATHING.—Mr I) Urquhart, the champion of the eastern mode o. bathing. whose writings upon the subject induced an Irish physician, Dr. Barter, of Blarney, to erect the first Turkish bath eve! seen in Christian Europe, gives an amusing account of the comments made by a Turkish lieutenant of a man-of-war who, whilst smoking, was watching the ablutions of an officer of a British man-ofawar, which lay near. "Allah bo praised !" he said, taking the amber from his mouth ; " that poor devil wishes to be clean, if he only knew how. See—how he dabbles, and throws back upon his face and neck the foul, thick, greasy, nasty, nasty puddle. And now he rubs down and presses into his skin all that filth with a damp towel, and feels quite satisfied that he is washed and clean. Allah be praised 1" But the Turkish bath is only a form or a copy of the old Roman and Grecian hot air bath, and, how charming soever may bo its cleansing and restorative powers, the thought of it is by no means agreeable or refreshing in these scorching days of summer. Far more tempting are the cold plash of the ocean brine, and that peculiarly fresh and invigorating odour which comes from the open sea. Even as wo sit broiling and working, with the yellow atmosphere of London stretching away over our field of vision, we fancy a faint scent of the sea breeze comes in at the open window, and intimates that a delightful " header" may be within the range of possibility. Unless cleanliness be ac cepted as a very modern handmaiden of godliness, how are we to judge of the piety of our forefathers ? The luxury of the heathen Romans in their baths and modes of bathing was so offensive and repugnant to Christian morality, propriety, and decency, that studied neglect of the person became a distinguish ing characteristic of those early Christians who set themselves most zealously in pious opposition to Pagan customs, And when we remember that the ancient name of a public bath has come down to our own times as a synonym for a place of the most infamous resort, we shall cease to wonder at the long and stern contest which Christianity has been forced to wage against a sys tem of deep demoralisation fostered under the sem blance of cleanliness, and at the strange tales of the boastful negligence of washing by even eminent and learned Churchmen, laymen, and ladies of the early and the middle ages. The plain truth is, that with the aucient Romans bathing was resorted to, not for ablution, but for luxury. Those masters of the world, when they abandoned the grim severity of their republican manners, and adopted the sensual. ism and effeminacy of the Lydians and Sybarites, spent a large part of their time in baths, which they adorned with the most profuse splendour, making them shine with costly marbles and pre cious stones, with silver and with gold. Hero they would sit for hours, reading, conversing, receiving friends, and killing time in a hundred ways of which the least objectionable was mere indolence. We have but to read Juvenal to know the corrupt uses .to which the system was turned; and there can be no doubt that the vicious indulgences which cloaked themselves under a pretext of salubrity had much to do with the decay and ruin of the vast Roman empire. The strong, hardy, and withal dirty North• men seem to have extinguished the system of hot bathing in which Imperial Rome had so long re velled ; but for some reason or other it survived in the Eastern Empire—probably because that part of Europe was less influenced than the West by the example e of barbarian manners. When the Turks took Constantinople in the fifteenth century, they were as rough, unkempt, and unwashed as any Goth or Hun that ever marched under Alaric or Attila ; but they were not slow in adopting the system of bathing which they found in full existence among the people they had conquered, and it must be added that they were equally quick in assimilating those vices which the supple Greek had preserved through all the changes of government and religion. The Turks became externally clean, and internally, in many cases, foul enough. The exces sive stress which their faith lays upon personal ablutions made them the more ready to adopt a system which they found made to their hands ; and it has thus come to pass that the luxury of bathing has never quitted the shores of the Bosphorus from the days when the rude Thracian first softened his primeval manners to the existing moment. THE " EXAMINER " ON THE AMERICAN WAR.— Here is the old see-saw, the ups and down, the tides of ebb and flow of fortune of war. Each side has its regular tarn of series of successes, which are followed by a series of disasters. A feve weeks ago Richmond and Petersburg were thought to be in the grasp of Grant, but presently Washington and Baltimore were much more seriously threatened by the Southerns. It turned out, however, only a runaway knock. The Confederates had something better to do than to capture a capital they could not hold, and accordingly they sacked the country, and carried off a large booty for the supply of all their wants. They went with their heads empty and returned with them full, having given the Federals a lesson of insecurity. There was, probably, a bird in the hand worth two in the bush, and the capture of Washington was not quite so certain, nor the value of the capture, as the value of the booty to be carried off. We expect no decisive reselts from the tide of Southern fortune. We ex pect only the turn of the tide, and the turn and turn again, at least for many a weary, waste. ful, and bloody day. The best signs of the exhaus tion which must be the euthacasia of this detestable struggle are the shameful shifts to which the Federals have r e c ourse to enl i st fore i gners . It must bo their poverty i n men, consents to exp e di ents SO scoun d re lly, as kidnap ping, drugging, and deceiving by false pretences. and not their will , that Lord Edward Howard has rendered a most t imel y and valuable service in exposing the vile tricks by which poor fellows are tre panned into the Federal service, Some are actually stolen to arse in the war whose boast is anti-sla. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, THE "SATURDAY REVIEW" ON THE HOLY ALLIANCE.—The fictitious letters which appeared in the Morning Post, and which purported to un fold the designs of the great Powers of Eastern Europe to form a Holy Alliance for the good order ing of public affairs and the general subjugation of democracy and liberalism, afforded exactly the ex• case that was needed to bring the danger which threatens Europe to the notice of the English Par . liament. These letters were evidently not written by the persons to whom they were attributed, but they were as evidently the production of some one perfectly acquainted with what is going on in Euro pean politics. It was because they were fictitious that Lord Stratford de Radcliffe could elicit an expression of Ministerial opinion, without obliging the Government to utter a direct menace ; and it was because they were the exponents of actual facts that he could attribute to them sufficient im portance to make it natural that Lord Russell should formally notice the main subject to which they referred. There can be no doubt that recent events have drawn the three Powers of Eastern Europe more closely together, and that the main bond of union is the necessity which they ail con ceive themselves to be under of sternly repressing the elements of disunion and disaffection. Russia has to keep the Poles down; Prussia has to damp the energies and crush the hopes of liberal Ger many ; Austria has to tighten, if possible, her pre carious hold on Hungary and Venetia. A couple of years ago, it seemed as if each of these Powers was about to enter on a new path. The Emperor Alexander was engaged in his great experiment of freeing the serfs, and had begun a serious attempt to govern Poland through the Poles. In Prussia the Parliament seemed determined to win its way to constitutional freedom ; and Austria ap peared to be patiently labouring to realise her great idea of a central representative assembly for all her provinces. But the Ethiopian cannot wash himself white all at once, and a despotic Power, that has robbed and plundered and slain for generations in support of authority, cannot make itself free by a mere stroke of a pen. These Eastern Powers have been brought face to face with the rising tide of free nationalities, and they feel that they cannot bear the shock. They must crush or be crushed. They may be credited with a reluctance to appeal to the sword, and to quench all the pro mise of advancing improvement in that large part of Europe which they hold in their hands. The hesi tation of Austria with regard to Poland shows that she more especially dreads the consequences of throwing herself into the arms of the reactionary party. She naturally shrinks from the sad neces sity of always waging the same tacit, deadly con flict with dependencies at her gates. Bat circum stances are, as she thinks, too strong for her. She cannot do as she would; for her existence is so arti ficial that Venetia is necessary to it, and in order to retain Venetia she must hold herself aloof from everything that is liberal in Europe. It is possible that Russia, and it is probable that Prussia, may help her to retain Venetia, provided she is docile, and aids her supporters to carry out their favourite projects. The increased severity of Austria to the poor Poles, and the timidity with which she appears to be ready to abandon her position in Germany, are the signs of what she is willing to do and suf ferif only Venetia is secured to her. Lord Russell proved from history that a Holy Alliance was an anachronism, and must necessarily fail. He spoke to an English audience, free from ail personal recol lections of the miseries which the last Holy Alli ance caused, and very glad to hear that bad things always fall to pieces without good persons stirring their fingers. But there are many persons on the Continent whose estimate of recent Euro pean history can scarcely be so rosy, In Italy, for instance, the old Holy Alliance put forth its strength. An Austrian force marched through the kingdom of Naples, and quenched out all the hopes of liberty with steel and fire. Lord Russell says that this was wholly futile, and that the end of it all is that Naples is a part of free Italy. If there is ono thing more than another that must make the blood boil of those who have actually suffered under Continental tyranny, it must be this Rosa Matilda philosophy of outside historians. The new Holy Alliance is sure to fail because the old failed after forty years of success. During those forty years a whole generation of Italians lived and died. They were born under a system of cruel, bigoted slavery. They passed their life in despair, or in that servile acquiescence which is more de grading than despair itself. They were ruled with the iron rod of Bombs, and were netted down in the thick meshes of a jubilant priesthood. Brave men wasted their lives in the filthy dungeons of Naples or the long death of the hulks, or were blessed with a speedy though bloody end, because they tried to undo the work which the Holy Alli ance, under the sanction of historical philosophy, had been pleased to carry out. Able men had to lead a hopeless, indolent, mean life, because all avenues to distinction and to honest work were closed. Mothers, who could remember that, when they were girls, Italians had dreamt of freedom, were condemned to see their boys growing up ina nimate, puerile, sheepish, and dastardly. And during all this time a philosopher like Lo rd Russell would have explained to them that n othin g of all they endured mattered in the least, because the views of the Holy Alliance w ere e ssentia lly erroneous. At last, it is true that the fabri c which the Holy Alliance had raised up was shattered ; but how was this effected P Not by the triumph of Papeer principles and the bloodless flow of dogmatic plati tudes, but by sheer hard fighting. It was because men gave their lives at Magenta and Solfer ino, be cause Garibaldi and his followers ran on e of the most tremendous risks that were ever faced by human audacity, that the work of the Holy Alliance was upset. And even now that the old tyranny has seemed to pass away, it has left behind it a mourn ful i legacy of bigotry, cowardice, anarchy , and fans.. ticism. The Holy Alliance is a thing not to be philosophised over, but to be resisted ; and fit were of quarrel arose, and if a fair promise pressed much further than at present, if a clear . case is not the slightest reason to suppose tangibl e an d permanent good were held eut, there of effecting a Eng lish nation would refuse to do its du ty, . or would shrink from playing a great par t . in . a just fight ppose that the against Continental despotism- It is in every way satisfactory that the first effect of the new Holy Alliance —or, to speak more accurat el y , of the new cohesion of the Eastern Powers—against what they consider to be the aggressors of freedom , has been to draw tighter th e bonds of friendship between England and France. We have owned with the utmost frankness that we cannot do much on th e Continent unless F r ance is with us. We we re obliged, France would not help us to make war. But France it is alleged, to desert D enmark becaus e has shown herself equally powerless without E . ng. land. The Emperor has not occupied a y shining position during the last six mon ths. He has see n matters of moment arranged at .hi s . very doors without his being consulted. . 111 s Mae at Lord Russell's letter may have been j ustifiable, but it le d him into an isolation which has paralysed Fran ce quite as much as his alien ation from us h as crippled England. In one sense, i t is true, that the influence of this country remains what it was before the blunders of Lord Russell. Foreigners like Count Bisrnark may have learnt to despise th e blustering of English Secretar ies s o long a s England stands alone, and the cause of dispute is obscured with serious doubts as to its just ice; but Europe has probably as great a respect for England and France united as it ever had. There are ma n y reasons why the union should not be very i nt imate, and, so long as the conduct o f other Powers is in. offensive, we cannot help reme mberin g that Fra nce has many projects which we ought not to encourage, and that the triuran'a of France is apt in these days to mean nothing More than the triu mph of Impe rialism. But still, when the despot ism o f Eastern Europe begins to parade itself in all its horrible nakedness, we feel at once how much nearer we are to France in sympathies and aims than we are to tyranny that crushes Poland and Venetia; and France, with all its faults and shortcomings, ap. pears to be our surest and most natural ally. Bye goncs may now be bygones, and we may permit ourselves to forget that Lord Russell has meddled and muddled, and that the Emperor has indulged far too long in the petty luxury of a pique. For the future, we way hope that calmer sense and a The Volunteers, The 4th Tower Hamlets, which formerly formed an ad ministrative battalion with the 6th Tower Hamlets, has so strongly recruited its ranks as to be entitled to a separate staff, and it is now made a distinct battalion under Lieut,- Colonel De La Rue. A large drill ground has been pur chased for the use of the corps by the honorary colonel, Sir H. De Hoghton, and the presentation of prizes by inhabi tants for good shooting has been the means of encouraging the members to practise beforo the target, for which facili ties are offered by the acquisition of butts at Brentwood and Tottenham. The 6th Tower Hamlets, under Lieut.-Col. Money, has also lately had large additions made to the regiment, and the presentation of a handsome silver cup, value 100 guineas, by the inhabitants of the district, through the instrumen tality of Mr F. Till and Mr J. Bacon, has induced a very large proportion of the regiment to class and make them selves otherwise efficient, in order to be qualified to compete for this prize, which is to be the winner's absolute property. The cup is about three feet in height, and contains about 120 oz. of sterling silver. The Finsbury Rifle Corps (39th Middlesex) was lately in epected by Col. M'Murdo, who expressed himself as pleased with the manner in whichthe regiment, which is commanded by Lieut.-Col. Penton, acquitted itself on this occasion. The muster rolls show a steady increase of members since the Government grant, through which the cost of joining the regiment is much lowered. The watchmakers and other manufacturers of the neighbourhood in which the head quarters of the regiment are situated have acted very libe rally towards the volunteers by presenting valuable articles for competition, and the ladies halve presented a cup, valued at £3O, for the same purpose. The prize competition of the 9lh (West) Middlesex Rifles which opened on Thursday at the Wormwood Scrubbs butt, was concluded on Saturday. The chief winners of the bat talion prizes were Sergeant Garner, Private Corruack, and Sergeant Baker. The regimental challenge cup was won by Sergeant Garner. Sergeant Grey won the officers' and ser geants' prize of £lO, given by Messrs. Snelgrove and Mar shall, and Corporal Prosser won the rank and file prize of £lO given by the same firm. Lieut. Matriner, Private Witts, and Private Bass were also winners of prizes at different ranges. The engineering inspection of the let Middlesex Engineer Volunteers took place on the 25th ult., under the superin tendence of Colonel M‘Murdo and Colonel Erskine. It con sisted first of the trial of some new small infantry pontoons which the members of the corps had made under the direc tion of the inventor, Captain Fowke, R.E. The trial of these took place on the ornamental water of the Horticultural Society's gardens, and proved their efficiency. The earth works were next inspected, and these consisted of a sunken gun and mortar battery, together with a single sap leading to a series of rifle pits on a neighbouring eminence. The battery (which was revetted with sand bags and laid with platforms, &c.) was separated from the sap by a sunken roadway, over which, as a medium of communication, the corps had thrown over a trestle bridge. Other members of the corps were, besides those engaged on the works, occu pied in treeing batteries, making gabions, fascines, &c. The rifle pits consisted of single pits and also of a chain. After the inspection the officers of the corps entertained Colonel M'Murdo and Colonel Erskine at dinner at Willis's Rooms; the honorary colonel, Sir John Burgoyne, being unavoid ably absent from London. On Saturday an encampment formed by the Ist Norfolk administrative battalion of Volunteers in Gunton-park, at the invitation of Colonel Lord Suffield, was broken up. It was formed on Wednesday afternoon, so that the Volunteers were three days under canvas. The troops assembled were the Holt company, Ensign Wilkinson and 20 men ; Cromer, Lieutenant Cramer and 11 men ; Dereham, Lieutenant Freeman, Ensign Barwell, and 42 men; North Walsham and Statham, Lieutenant M. Shepheard, Ensign Shepheard and 77 men; Downham, Captain Reed, Lieutenant Bracken bury and 35 men; Aylsham, Captain Scott, Ensign Lombe, and 50 men ; Fakenham, Lieutenant Palmer and 15 men ; Holkham, Lieutenant Blythe and 35 men; iteepham, Lieut. C. Wodehouse, Ensign Parmeter, and 23 men. Be sides these corps the lst Norfolk Light Horse, under the command of Captain J. Hay Gurney, accepted the invita tion of Lord Suffield and arrived with the rest of the troops on Wednesday evening, Their strength was four officers, 1 sergt. major, 3 sergeants, 6 corporals, 1 trumpeter, 12 bandsmen, and 40 men. The battalion was commanded by Colonel Lord Suffield, seconded by Major Holloway, and the adjutant, Captain Bellairs. The chief event of the three days for which the Volunteers were encamped was a review by Captain Ibbetson. This took place on Friday afternoon ; the troops marched past about 4 p.m., and afterwards en gaged in a sham fight. Colonel Ibbetson, who was accom panied, of course unofficially, by Lieut.-General Windham, C. 8., complimented the troops at the close of the manoeuvres upon the manner in which they had comported themselves. The volunteers then proceeded to dinner, which was pro vided at the expense of Colonel Lord Suffield, who was sup ported by Lady Suffield and a party of friends. After a few toasts had been given and responded to Lord and Lady Suffield and the assembled troops and visitors adjourned to a "camp fire" in the Wimbledon fashion, where songs were sung, interspersed with performances by the band of the first Norfolk Light Horse. It was midnight before the camp fire was suffered to die out. Drill and shooting for prizes formed the staple occupation of the encampments. The principal prize was a silver cup, offered by Lord Suffield for the beat shot at 200 and 503 yards. Government rifles to be used, and five shots to be fired at each range. After a well-sustained competition this contest was decided in favour of Private Richardson, of the Fakenham Corps, who scored 31, added hits and points together. Some other prizes were also awarded, and some good practice was made. Tents were procured from the War Department, and these were fixed in a double row in the same part of the park as was devoted to the purpose last year. Near the tents accommodation was provided in the shape of lava- tories, &e., and not far from the observatory were the tents in which the officers were to mess, and Nhere the public might obtain r%•freshments. These tents were erected in the form of a square, ono aide of which consisted of a very large marquee, reserved for the use of the men, and capable of affording accommodation for 500 or 600 persons. The tent appropriated to the use of the public was 120 ft. in length. Another tent of large dimen sions was used as a larder, and there was a separate tent for the officers' mess. At 6 o'clock each morning the reveille was sounded, and the camp then presented a busy scene. The men turned out as the roll was called by the sergeants, and halt an hour afterwards they were briskly employed in putting their tents to rights, turning out their blankets and palliasses, and raising the canvass for the admission of fresh air. At 7 o'clock came breakfast, then came drill and Bhwting—while some some of the men engaged in cricket and other amusements. The weather was dry and fine, but rather sultry and oppressive. The volunteers of Barks held their annual prize meeting very—others are tempted by wages norainally high to go out as labourers, and are turned adrift on their landing with no resource for bread but to enlist, The want of men argued by these s harp irg means of obtaining them, seems to us to indicate the beginning of the end. To beg, borrow, or ate" from Europe will no longer be possib le, the d eceits c being exposed ; and when the war can no long be carried on by the intervention of foreig n lev a peace must of necessity be patched up on Nv . bat terms may be obtainable. We use the word forwila intervention advisedly, for foreign intervention, 8° h au ghtily disallowed by the Federals, exists in th most degrading shape in the foreign hands hired o r impressed to fight a domestic quarrel. And tiles° are the people who bawl out that they andn settle their differences amongst themselves, will suffer no strangers to have any part in their guar; rels. Yet they began by accepting th e servictiri the French Princes, sued for the aid of Gariba Idr, and have sustained the war by swindling the oor p Irish into becoming food for powder. We 13 "P ° Lord Edward Howard has put an end to this de.' ceit. :Let it be clearly understood that the dollar is another word for eighteenpence English, and the temptation to crossing the Atlantic vanishes. COUNTRY MARKETS. LEICE STERNSATunDAY. A fair show of wheat, and prices is per qr decline 11P° last week's rates. Barley meagre, and met with nest. inquiry at late rates. Beans scarce, but in g ood request., —New white wheat, 45s to 515 ; red , 40s to 46s per 3° stone. Old red, 385 to 42s per 36 stone. Barley, rialL°ls' new, 32s to 34s per qr.; grinding, 27 s to 30s ; old oats, 24s to 295; new oats, 22s to 25s per 24 stone. 8e 9112 ' old, 40s to 43s per 38 stone ; flour, 30s to 36s per 20 efou°' fair GRANTHAM—SATURDAY. An average show of wheat, which met a declin e of 19 per qr. Barley at about late rates. Oats were scarce, and fully maintained their value. Beans in favour of sellers —Old white wheat,', 46 s to 48s ; red, 3 7s to 42s per 36st. new white, 46s to 49s ; red, 43 s to 46 5. Malting barley 33s to 36s per qr ; grinding, 28 s to 30 s ; oats, old, 24s t 26s ; new, 22s to 21s; beans, 37s to 42s ; peas, 38s to 406. NOTTINGHAM—SATURDAY. A moderate show of wheat to-day, with a slow dam , at is per qr decline on late prices. Barley limited in sal ; ply, and late prices were supported. Oats met a tolerabl 3. trade at full prices. Beans were rathe r hi g her in vAI —White wheat, from 48s to 54s ; red wheat , 41s togaBl is Barley—malting, 30s to 37s ; grinding, 29 s t o 30s. old, at 24s to 30s b Od; new, 19s to 255. Beans sold at 3 0 ' to 42s per qr. ; new, 35s to 38s. Flour, fine, 31s to 34s ; super, 35s to 40s per 20 stone. NORWICH—SATURDAY. last There was a very fair supply of wheat to-day, an week's prices must be quoted Is per qr lower, millers bar ing only for their immediate wants. -In other articles Or/ little assing. White p wheat. 46s to 47s 1 Red wheat 42s to 445 5 Malting barley ...35s to 3 6 s 1 Chevalier barley 33 s to 34 Distilling do . 29s to 30s I Oats.. 24s to 20S Flour, 28s Od to —s Od per sack from the miller. YORK—SATURDAY. A fair supply of wheat on offer from the farmers, wh ic. sold at is per qr less money. Grinding barley in tolerab i6l/ c 1 demand at fully as much money. Oats very scarce, ' trade good, at late rates. Beans were in limited show, 0.4 maintain their value. Wheat, red 3Ss to 43s Oats.... White do .42s to 47s Beans Barley .24s to 28s Peas •.. Malt, 58s to 60s per qr.; rye, 38s per qr ; f 1 3— -2 g o ss : r ttt ►) °°° 431 to 34s per sack. DUBLIN—FRIDAY. A moderate demand for foreign wheat, and late clu d e) i : tations made. One sample of Irish oats in splen did o'l' le, tion, 12s asked, but no business done. Maize slow of f 33 at about 6d decline. Flour scarce, s. cl. s. d. Wheat, white.. 24 0 to 26 6 Do., red .. 21 6t024 0 Do., new 0 to 0 Barley Oats Do., black — 0 to 0 S. d. s d ' Oatmeal lO o tol3 0 Beans.. . —oto -- o Bere - 0 to -- °, Rapeseed --- - Bakers' dour Indian corn Railway Traffic Returns for the Week- DecelptS. Miles Opened. Railways. 1864. 1803. X A 2'835 2 8 80 640 8 835 - -- 2 7 0, 'i1•32828:12 9 8 : 3: 3:164(33: 1,775 1.4t,5 484 430 1,505 1,361 1,881 1,190 271 179 3,591 3,311 0,501 9.21! 3,250 2,9 53 10,753 9,413 34'717 ^0 10 8 35,265 30,8 03 1,760 1,090 437 ,63 11,461 8 836 65,359 63,313 1,681 1,649 2,078 1,960 1,032 3,00 u 100 43,370 30,2,5° 291 10 125 169 ~,4,,ei 780 7?,72 4,v4i 113,403 03,4., 5/ 2,162 2,121 4464 30,240 27,225 2504 23,333 22,1.3 72t 7,718 6 7.1. 104 2,500 1,35,9, 239 19,23 1 17,1,, ° 14i 2,519 1,5 t 1 28 1,41 0 11•8 9+ 09 . 3t 2,3 . 9 ' 529 6 30 29 49,190 41,525 2594 4,130 4.4 441 714 1,680 2 1., ' 51 44 2,7 0 2 4104 15,855 1.4.47 t 10791 69,094 55,050, 9 3,345 5,2" 254 8,902 8,305 50 1,267 1,241 194 963 846 52 - --- 19381 66;817601 55;455, 391 874 36'' 5 306754 4.207 3,0;1. 27,945 28,170 .57 5,690 5,81 0 445 1051 2,711 _,. 197 10 224 36 3,020 2 5 01 31 %, 0 358 ^9,, 77 1,405 1,3,,ii," 271 £l3 B''', 52 4,674 4.172„ 7 581 7'4 13 922 526 36 8,8 eO6 Belfast and N, Counties 136 Belfast and County Down 49 Blytli and T ne 2O Bristol and Exeter l2li Caledonian Cockermoutli & Workington B4 Cork and Bandon 2O Cork, Blackrock, & Passage 6l Cork and Youghal . 32 Cornwall 6st Deeside l7 lblin & Belfast Junction 63 Du _.:ast J au...- Dublin and Drogheda Dublin and Meath Dub. & Wicklow and Wextd 9l Edinburgh and Glasgow 173 Furness, &c 5O Glasgow & South-Western Gt. Eastern ,Nrf k.,&E.Union Great Northern 353 Great North of Scotland 5B t. Northn. & Westn. (Irel.) 7ll 9t.Southn. & Westn.(lrind.) 3731 Great Western 1056i Inverness & Aberdeen June... 86} Inverness & I'erth Junction 119} Irish North-Western 145 Kent Coast Lancashire & Yorkshire 402 Limerick and Ennis... 24/ Limerick and Foynes 26} Llanelly 46/ Londen & North-Western London and Blackwall 5 London & South-Western Lond. Brighton, &S. Coast 261 London, Chatham, & Dover 72 Do. Metropolitan Extension 114 Man.,Shetlield,&Lincolnsh Manch. S.Jun.&Altrincham 9l Maryport and Carlisle 2B Metropolitan 3l Midland (incl. N.-Western) 641 Midland Gt.Westn. of Irind 262 Monkland 7l} Monmouthsh. Rail. & Canal 44 North British, Edin., Perth and Dundee N:Eatitern and Stock. & Darl 1095 North London 9 North Staffordshire 254 Oswestry and Newton.. Rhymncy 194 St. Helen's Canal & Railway 52 Scottish Central Scottish North-Eastern l3B Somerset and Dorset 66 South Devon South-Eastern. Taff Vale 57 Ulster Vale of Clwyd Vale of Neath 431 Waterford and Kilkenny 3l Waterford and Limerick 77 West Cornwall ~ —....—...... W.Hartlepool IlarbrAltail 52 W'haven,Cleator,& Egrmnt 10 IVliitchaven Junction l3 Whitehaven& Furness Jun 35 FOREIGN AND COLONIAL. Antwerp and Rotterdam 52 Austrian B2B Bahia and San Francisco Belgian Eastern J unction.. • • 26 Bombay, Baroda, & Cen. India 185 Buffalo and Lake Huron l6l Detroit and Milwaukie lB9 Dutch Rhenish lOB2 Eastern Bengal Eastern of France. East Indian Grand Trunk of Canada lO9O Great Central of Belgium lBO Great Indian Peninsula 553 Great Luxembourg l3¢ Great Southern of India Great Western of Canada 345 Madras 417 _ ... 181 k 234 i 8i 711 32v 1054 86i 35} 24f 26} Madrid, Saragossa &Alicant (150 Northern of Canada 94 Northern of France. 697 Norwegian Trunk Ottoman Paris, Lyons, & Mediterrn 1805 Paris and Orleans 1614 Pernambuco Royal Danish 69 Sambre and Meuse 6B South Austrian 52 • • 11% 3 828 31,933 2 0 & 328 "„/ 1851 3,609 166 161} 2,288 .185 4,517 3, 6 9 i j 1081 7,310 6, 1 30 110 1302 65,484 56, , -, a 934 21,451 19, 9 1 41 1090 18,078 35,-, southern of France 770 Victorian 196 Welland ..........• ..... • • 25 West Flanders 75 W. and N.W. of France. 960 495 134 79 315 447 490 48 1713 1494 5;522 . 446 1,541 6 43 501 538 9,311 X 538 9,311 5,92 876 17,442 + 2 :11/ 2,849 , 3 031 56,212 ' 3 2-7 ' 383 132,00 125 C 3 , 1" 47 63 0 639 .... 14740 6 , 9 6 80 26,930 -"WU 196 9,512 ' 3 70 25 353 1 155 75 1,161 ago 813 5),(318 ' _., Births, GILA.NT.—On the 29th ult. ' at 122, George-street, cllll' burgh, Lady Macpherson Grant, of a son. ci f e , LEVER.-012 the 29th ult., the wife of J. Orrell Le Ve " of a son MANSEL.—On the 27th ult., at Preston, the wife o f CaPti Manse!, 3d Hussars, of a daughter, a 11 1 ' rc MURCHISON,—On the 28th ult., the wife of J.ll. ' son, Esq., of a son. Marriages. tiel i t PAUL—BROOKE,—On the 28th ult„ at St. Peter's ii ' ii Lit r eo; Pimlico, Edward John Dean Paul, Esq., of 1-13 ""eot , " place, Piccadilly, to Mary Georgiana ElizahetlN-014 daughter of the late Colonel Vaugh an C.B. Henry - ja eet'' STUART—SEIMOUR.—On the 28th ult , at St. ~-",- ill y. t ° Piccadilly, Lieut.-Colonel Crichton *Stuart, m k t - Gertrude Frances, second daughter of the R i g" ... Sir G. Hamilton Seymour, G.U.B. Deaths. ,lort il P B B A n yL A iD s c r eo E . : t AK , dimOiornanit thehe a 2 2s B i9 t e h trh, u au l g t :te , dt a taBt o ß .r ad ney , , near ii D: l_ dg: i 8i 1i T 5 T q ...... , s o ol n ici t t h o e r, a 2 g 7 e th d 77. ult., ,„ -6 1(1 014 ° DPI,, °`' 3.sburn, co. D R' J.P., of Purd • rfl prig' BiticatAl -L—On the 27th ult.. in London Wi llia 7l for l h e i y tmi lo E u s s q e . , , L l; :r l n t in .C :c S, llc o s f hi ß re r . igham, Yorkshire, ail uov,b,ner,tagßeadtt6,9.Es9,, Lolld °s ' COLTUURST.—On the 27th ult , at Dover-street, ithuot, Robert, youugest son of the late Sir Nicholas C° Bart., aged 34. nor otbi LENNA.RD.—On the 28th ult , at Belhus' Essex , m ordt Ada, the thi r d dau g hter o f . Sir Thomas Barrett Lea aged 14 months. __........% London : Praa' zed and ,` PrbllshedbyW7-2-1,111;71‘1-01)-1,,!;12" 1;2: of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TnE SuN Office " o „ t uity Strand, in the Precinct of ihe 3avoy,.'ll the %iv ALWalqACK,.Monday, AUgtlst 1d 180* 1864. 1863. ~..