The Sun. — London, England, 1863-09-25 00:00:00

THE CONFEDERATE STATES. (Fr ow the Special Correspondent of the Times.) RICHMOND, Aug. 29. The scorching enervating heats of such an August as has been unsurpassed in caloric fur 20 years, the natural fatigue and reaction which follow excess of ef:Jrt such as on both sides was lavished during the three days of battle of Gettysburg, the dispersion in the west of General Grant's victorious unit of an army along 1,000 miles of river and in 20 different posts which he has no choice but to garrison, the renewed assumption by the Confederate armies in every quarter of a generally defensive policy, the absorbing interest with which in both sections the operations against Charleston are watched, have conspired for the last seven weeks to impose upon the hosts which for 1,500 miles face each other in battle array the necessity for maintaining what has been on both sides regarded as a masterly inactivity. But there are not wanting signs that the next few weeks will witness a change of attitude. In Vir ginia, where it is always more than usually hazardous to try and read the future, there do not seem to be indications that General Lee, who is more than ever lord of the ascendant, contemplates an immediate advance, Nothing material would apparently be gained by his driving the Federals pell-mell into their works at 'Washington, and it is doubtful whether a fight other than from behind the Washington breastworks could be got out of General Meade, unless General Lee again crossed the Poto mac and entered Maryland. In the west there is promise of an early battle between the forces which near Chattanooga and Knoxville obey Generals Bragg and Buckner, and those which are marshalled against them under Generals Rosecrans and Burnside. The other Western Confederate army is at Morton, patiently undergoing reorganization at the hands of General Hardee, and has suffered par tial eclipse by reason of its recent reverse at Vicks burg, and of the interest which attaches at this moment to a Court of Inquiry now engaged at Atlanta in investigating the causes which led to the fall of Vicksburg, and likely, as it seems, to elicit some curious disclosures. In order to attend this court, Generals Johnstone, Pemberton, Loring, and others are for the moment detached from their several commands, and at present unconnected with the operations in the field of the western armies. As for the trans-Mississippi troops, the occasional re velations of their movements furnished by the mis tiest of telegrams resemble the transparent haze at sea through which the mariner sees false icebergs and imaginary headlands, and which is more dan gerous and misguiding than profoundest darkness itself. Little more is known than that Generals Kirby Smith and Price are active and enterpris icg; but such is the ignoranc e of Washington and mood in regard to the true and co ndition of affairs in Kansas, Arkansas, Texas, Western Louisiana that the dim chronicles of Northern and Southern writers who profess to give information about these remote regions must be received with as many grains of salt as Niebuhr sprinkles over the funeral eulo gies and family narratives which are our principal guides to much of the history of the first few cen turies of Rome. CHARLESTON AND EASTERN TENNESSEE. The principal points of interest for the moment are Charleston and Eastern Tennessee. In the latter district the Federals have two large armies in the field—the first under General Rosecrans, who for eight months has shunned any renewal of the terrible engagement which at Murfreesborough inaugurated a celebration of Christmas sadly at variance with the doctrines of peace and good will inculcated by that festive season ; the second, under General Burnside, who, at the head, as is re ported, of 30,000 men, is descending from Southern Kentucky and threatening General Buckner and the slender force with which he holds Knoxville and Tennessee. Modest and unassuming, as are all the best officers of the Confederacy, calm and sagacious, and well instructed in his trade of soldier and military engineer, much beloved and admired in his native State of Kentucky, tenacious and enduring, General Buckner will greatly dis appoint his many friends in the Confederacy if he does not prove himself fully equal to his oppor tunity, which seems at hand, and maintain the high reputation which he gained at Fort Thnelson, by sticking to his post and being taken prisoner when his associate Generals saved themselves by a night retreat. It may be mentioned en passant that the statements with which Federal journals, especially in the West, have lately teemed, to the effect that Bragg's army is very weak, its morale bad, and its numbers thinned by desertion, are just the reverse of the truth. Officers of character and position who are fresh from the scene of action speak enthusias tically of the temper and condition of Gen. Bragg's army. With some considerable experience of the Northern press and its antics during the progress of this war, I have never observed it mere reckless and unscrupulous in its statements than during the last six weeks. Honourable exceptions are of course to be found among the multitudinous journals of this continent, and conspicuous among them is the New York World, which has secured respect even in the South by reason of its superior regard for veracity. But the assumption by most of the organs of Northern opinion, that the rebellion is staggering on its last legs, and that hope has bid farewell to the breasts of men like President Davis and 'Gen. Lee (both of whom I have never seen in better spirits than during the present week), is a contri bution to history such as at the end of the last great war between England and France was furnished by a French publication entitled Tables du en2ple de la Glare, which consisted of a catalogue raisonne of all Frenchmen who thought they had distin guished themselves in the course of that war. It was obvious that in many instances the articles were contributed by the persons who were the heroes of them, and it is no less obvious that the corres• pondents of divers Northern journals, especially in the - West, take their inspiration and gain their facts from the Generals with whom they are living, and of whose hospitality they are perhaps permitted to partake. If at the beginning of the last century Sir Robert Walpole's tamous apophthegm about the necessary falseness of history could not be repressed, what would ho have said in the present day, when the materials for his history are such as I have des scrib2d. The truth, as seen by those who reside in the heart of the Confederacy, is, in reality, as follows. Never, from the moment when the fall of Fort Sumter inaugurated, in April, 1861, this colossal civil war up to the present hour were the spirit and temper of Southern resistance more keen anl ex asperated than at this moment. Thera have been times during the progress of the struggle when, for various reasons, apprehension has weighed heavily upon the minds of the great rebellion's pilots. No one is now ignorant, for instance, that during the first six or eight months of the conflict there was not enough gunpowder at any of the Southern ports to have supplied the demands of a single battery for three hours. At present what is the case ? Without entering into minute particulars, it will be enough to state that there are three powdermills actively at work in the Confederacy, and that the daily supply of powder exacted for the Confederate armies in the field and for the seaports, which are defensively occupied, is fully furnished by two o f these milks, whereas the third and largest has been for many months past engaged in manufacturing superfluous powder, which has now grown into a large reserved stock, and is being daily and rapidly increased. Take another item. There have been mo ments when the supply of small arms has been much less than the demand, and the consequent inconveni ence has been great. It will be remembered by your readers that in the first half of July prisoners of war at Vicksburg, Port Hudson, and Gettysburg, were captured by the Federals to the extent of nearly 50,000 men. It is true that at Gettysburg at least as many Federals were captured by the Confederates as Confederates by the Federals ; but, so far as the present argument is concerned, this fact is ad rem. There were lost to the Confederates in the first half of July no less than 50,000 muskets. The reader will be surprised to learn that fully this amount of muskets has during the last seven weeks been successfully introduced through the blockade, to say nothing of cannon and multitudinous other supplies of all kinds. It may be conceived what are the chances of subduing a rebellion in a country which not only possesses all the resources of the Confederacy but also sucks in supplies to any ex tent from beyond sea. Nor does the possibility of the fall of Charleston (which, though little believed in at this moment at Richmond, is still a possibility) affect the question. In the first place, Wilmington, Nlohile, Savannah, and Galveston, have still to be reduced ; and it is believed that two out of these four places will defy the utmost malice of the Fe derals. Secondly, along the whole southern coast, from the capes of the Chesapeake to the Rio Grande, there are altogether 189 ports and inlets, of whieh only an infinitesimal proportion has fallen into the hands of the Federals. What chance is there of such a country being effectually and altogether cut off from receiving the slender supplies which she requires to keep her alive, and supply all that is requisite for her resistance? Let those who have misgivings shunt the future, in case Wilmington and Charleston should fall, attend one of the large auction sales of blcckade goods which take place every morning in this city, and examine how much weaker for resistance the Confederate States would be if the supply of such goods were perma nently cut off. It is not for a moment denied that some communication with the exterior world is vitally necessary for the Confederacy ; but such communication need only be slender and infrequent, and from such communication it is impossible that Secession can be cut off. THE HARVEST. There is another element in the Confederate future so full of hope and promise that it is my duty to notice it. Many of your readers must now be aware that in a large portion of the Confederate States the harvest last year was unusually deficient, and consequen tl y during the spring months of the present year there was, as I mentioned at the time, considerable anxiety about the supply of food. All such anxiety has now disappeared in presence of the bounti ful and redundant harvest with which, during this current year, the Confederate States have been blessed. lam assured that the abundance of cereals is such tha t. t would the abundance confined to cereal shoran crop of vegetables is supply the whole population for three years to come. Nor such as would amaze any Engli of the poorer classes. Above all, the supply of potatoes (Irish potatoes, as they are called here, to distinguish them from the sweet) will be sufficient to admit of rations ofin that esculent being served o ut next winter to the army conjunction with meat and flour. With gunpowder in excess of the utmost demands of the next two or three years, with an abundance of food such as defies the avarice of speculators, with armies in the field which are by some believed to be numerically not inferior to those of the Federals, and which at the lowest estimate are, as compared with the Federal numbers, in the ratio of three to four, with the old spirit and invincible re solution of Anglo-Saxon freemen struggling for indepen dence more than ever in the ascendant, who is there that dares to talk of subjugation as a possibility ? Faint-hearted men and women of course there are here and there; how is it possible that among 6,000,000 of Confederates such units should fail to be found ? But if the Federals persuade them selves, because a few deserters recommend themselves to their new masters by spreading tales of Confederate disaf fection, that the heart of the South is changed or unstable, they will find before the year is out that they are reckoning without their host, and that sooner or later President Davis's words will find realisation, in which he asserted with not unbecoming pride that "these Confederate States have demonstrated that no superiority of numbers or avail able resources can overcome the resistance offered by such valour in combat, such constancy under suffering, and such cheerful endurance of privation, as have been conspicuously displayed by this people in the defence of their rights and liberties." THE FORTY DAYS SIEGE OF CHARLESTON. The record of the 40 days of siege which Charleston has tmdergone since the Federals first effected a lodgment upon Morris Island is certainly not such as to be discouraging to the Confederates. It would be idle to deny that consider able disappointment has been felt in high quarters here in regard to the surprise and capture of the Confederate works at the foot of Morris Island. The prevailing impression seems to be that a more vigilant supervision of Folly Island should have been maintained by the Confederates on Morris Island ; that the timber on Folly Island should have been cut down, and the erection of masked batteries by the Federals, under cover of which they surprised and took the Confederate work at the southern end of Morris Island, should thus have been rendered impossible. With the southern half of Morris Island in possession the Fede rals had no difficulty in there establishing the batteries of 200-pounder and 300-pounder Parrott guns, which have since done such damage to Fort Sumter, against which up to the 26th inst. they had launched upwards of 7,000 shots. But pari passu with the vigour of the assault has grown the energy of the resistance. Specially has this been the case since General Gillmer, once the head of the department of Military Engineers in Richmond, bat now promoted to a IVsjor-Generalship and detailed for special service at Charleston, has taken his place by the side of that other ac compished engineer, General Beauregard. There is every reason to think that the great Chancery suit of Gillmer v. Gilmore, ;low awaiting solution on the islands around Charleston ,`;arbour, and likely, according to all v appear ances, to rival in tediou sness the ease of Jarndyce . Jarn dyce, will elevate the present siege of Charleston to high rank among the great sieges of history. The first great lesson which has been taught hitherto is furnished by Battery Wagner, which, es it seems, has solved the. great at problem, how best to resist the tremendous projectiles modern science. Into the banks of sand which Battery Wagner offers in resistance, all the projectiles of the Fede rals have hitherto been fired in vain, The endeavours to carry the work by assault, conducted by mixed bodies of white and black Federal soldiers, have hitherto been re pulsed with heavy loss. It is my impression th at when the equinoctial gales prevail, and the monitors aro driven off the coast and prevented from enfilading the position now held by the Federals, General Gilmore will be likely to find himself more interfered with than has hitherto been the _ . case. But anyhow the difficulties of reducing Charleston would but commence with the capture of Morris Island and the fall of Fort Sumter. Your readers must not imagine that I have any reason to apprehend that either Fort Sumter or Battery Wagner is, as some people imagine, already doomed. Great as has been the damage inflicted upon Fort Sumter by the colossal missiles of the Federals, it is under stood that General Gillmer does not despair of building, out of the ruins of the fort, assisted by any amount of sandbags, a new work from which his future resistance can be main tained. A few days ago an appeal was addressed to the ladies of Columbia, the capital city of South Carolina, and in a few hours several hundred sandbags were forwarded to Charleston and conveyed to Fort Sumter, where they were filled and turned to account. Such is the spirit which ani mates the resistance of a haughty and dominate race, ex asperated to fever heat by what they regard as the fiendish attempt of their adversaries wantonly to set in flames their beloved city of Charleston, by throwing incendiary shells into its midst, and scattering midnight terror among de fenceless women and children. _ _ The second month of the siege of Charleston,as conducted by the Monitors and from Morris Island, draws to a close. Fort Sumter is in ruins, bat those ruins are stronger than the fort in its integrity. "Le Roi est snort. Tire le Rol". Furious bombardments of Fort Sumter, Fort Moultrie, and Battery Wagner, protracted through several whole nights, have done trifling injury to the occupants of these works, while there is abundant evidence that the energy and hope fulness of the assailants are on the decrease. If anything were wanted to stimulate the desperation of the resistance, it would be found in the announcement that when Gereral Gilmore and Admiral Dahlgren have done their work the turn of General Benjamin Butler will come. It is un necessary to state that, if the work of General Gilmore and Admiral Dahlgren could ever be successfully accomplished, there would be nothing left for General Butler to do, unless he elects to perish upon the ruins of Charleston and to sow its site with salt. It is not believed that, with President Davis's proclamation (denouncing General Butler as a felon and murderer, and condemning him, if taken, to death) still unrepealed, he would be apt to venture far from the seacoast. But the indications are that Gene ral Gilmore and Admiral Dahlgren have still plenty of work to do. In my last letter I stated that it was believed that heavy Parrott guns could not be fired repeatedly at a ' high elevation without rapidly wearing out. Already it is apparent that the siege, as hitherto conducted by the Fede rals, will exact the ceaseless substitution of now 200- pounder and 300-pounder Parrott guns, and the supply of such guns cannot but be limited. For the last 10 or 12 days no more shells have been thrown into the town ; one explanation of this fact being that a 300 Tounder Parrott gun, from which the incendiary shells were thrown, had burst close to the muzzle. Alogether, as I write, the feel ing here with regard to the ability of the Confederates to hold Charleston is one of cheerfulness and confidence. The long delay has given the defenders opportunities of develop ing to the utmost their available resources, and the engi neering genius of Generals Beauregard and Gillmer is find ing full scope. One of the immense Blakely guns, lately imported from England, is already in position, and every one is holding his breath to catch the echo of its first report. Movements are promised, whenever the equinoctial gales shall have driven the Monitors under shelter, which will possibly exorcise a powerful influence upon the siege. It is a curious commentary upon the inhumanity of the act of which the Federals, in attempting to bombard Charleston, have been guilty, to read Mr. Cobden's diatribe launched against the Turks, in a recent debate in the House of Com mons. Mr. Cobden is reported to have said :—" it appears that a Turkish Pasha, having command of a fortress in Belgrade, took it into his head, in a moment of panic, to bombard that city. It was an outrage repudiated, of course, by everybody—an outrage that would not be tolerated even in war ; because we all know that a great warrior, the Duke of Wellington, laid it down as a rule that you would not be justified in bombarding a city even to carry out a strate gical movement in the face of your enemy." intense as has been the indignation throughout the Confederacy on the subject of the wanton shelling of Charleston by the Federals, the act itself has excited no surprise. What should excite surprise would be (to learn that an outrage which is 66 repudiated by everybody". had, when pups- THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 25, 1.863, traced by the Federals, elicited from Mr, Cobden the same public reprehension which he has justly lavished upon a not dissimilar enormity perpetrated elsewhere. EAST TENNESSEE. The menacing 'attitude of the four antagonistic armies which occupy East Tennessee—the Switzerland, as it is called, of the Confederacy—is still maintained, and nothing more is known than that General Buckner has withdrawn his forces westward, and occupied a position nearer to General Bragg, whereby he has left Knoxville open to the Federals. Whether the Federals have availed themselves of the opening thus offered to them at Knoxville I am not in a position positively to state, but the impression here is that such a movement would not be to their advantage. The difficulties of General Rosecraus, operating as he now is at a distance of 100 miles from his base, and in mountains which greatly resemble the Jura range, must necessarily be excessive. With the eyes of the Confederacy steadfastly fixed, as they are at this moment upon Eastern Tennessee, it is not believed there is danger in that quarter. Vague threats of danger to Mobile from a portion of General Grant's army are heard at intervals; but Mobile can cer tainly, if justice is done to it, take care of itself. Mean• while, along the Mississippi, upon both banks, active em ployment for General Grant will not be Wanting. Rumours o f considerable activity on the part of General Pr in Arkansas, of the organisation of endless guerilla light bat teries on both sides of the great river, of revived hopefulness in the State of Mississippi, of an unabated spirit of resist ance in every corner of the south-west, might well shake the confidence of a mightier power than is wielded by the Federals, if reason or jad gent had any influence upon their counsels. Nor, putting aside the stubborn resistance of Charleston, have the Federals had much lately to encou rage them elsewhere. In Western Virginia a warm en gagement in the neighbourhood of the White Sulphur Springs, between a force of 2,000 to 3,000 Confederates under General Sam Jones, and a not dissimilar force of Federals under General Averill, resulted on August Wand 27 in the unmistakable defeat of the latter. The details of the capture by Captain Wood of two Federal steam-vessels h l o a n r g l satgoon theee n w r e a p r o 2 r taeodo according d E i u n g g England. d G . e ü ß e r u a t l engag ed in blockading the mouth of the Rappahannock R af i t v er er th m e lis fa t ll h o d f v C e Halleck, is to take a fresh start. The presence during the last 10 or 12 days of General Lee in Richmond, the long other symptoms, suspieiou u t p b o a n t the which fre i s t h is bn u p n u n l e s c o ess w a h ry iob to is dilate, about lead to a to be given to the war will be imparted not by the Fede rals but by the Confederates, and in a quarter whore at present the Federals are supposed to be having it all their own way. subjects seem to occupy the most prominent places. Pro fessor Archer, the active local secretary of the meeting, and the head of the Edinburgh Industrial Museum, contributes a paper on "the Industrial Features of Edinburgh.'' The recent progress and present condition of trades and manu factures of various districts of Scotland form the subjects of numerous papers likely to be of considerable interest, In the other division of this department discussions are likely to arise on various points of international law, the importance of which is being daily demonstrated by the course of public events. We may mention a paper by Mr. James Anderson, Q C., likely to deal with several of these points ; and also one by Mr. R. D. Chalmers on the capture during war of private property at sea. An interna tional patent law, an international decimal system, and an international congress and tribunal for the prevention of war, form the subjects of papers which have been contri buted to this department. CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT—Sept. 24. OLD COURT. I t el u e p n o H n Hannah r child, Constance EancnegAleuhgaurt, Augusta, barely of an as- yfiveyears o w l e d mr , e wasput Justice brought oyu u i rpe Byles r o irajl addressing u y d e g s t m e r e d n a t y . th fo e r p t r h is e o m ne an r, sl s a a u id g — ht Y er o o u f an unprotected infant, of which you were the mother, and whatever may have been the real facts of the case there was not sufficient evidence to satisfy the minds of the jury, and they acquitted you of that offence. You were afterwards tried for an assault upon the child, and of that you were found guilty. It is plain that there was a succession of bar barous and inhuman acts on your part which I do not say caused the child's death, but which undoubtedly led to and accelerated it. It is impossible to pass over an offence of so grievous a nature. I can well conceive the sufferings you have endured since the commission of this offence, and I know that yon have been treated by the authorities with a humanity which you failed to show towards the infant whose death you have unquestionably hastened. The sen fence which I feel it my duty to pronounce on you is that you be imprisoned for 18 calendar months. Earlier in the day Mr. Sleigh and Mr. Ribton, the pri soner's counsel, made an earnest appeal to the judge to re spite the sentence until after her confinement, she being now pregnant. They had been induced, they said, to make that application in order to save her the unspeakable distress of mind consequent upon giving birth to a child in a gaol, and to prevent the stigma that would attach to the infant itself from that circumstance during life. Mr. Orridge, counsel for the prosecution, said he had been instructed by the parish authorities from a sense of duty, and he left the latter entirely in his lordship's hands, having no desire to press unduly on the prisoner. Mr. Justice Byles said he had consulted the principal offi cers of the court, and had not found there was any prece dent for such a course as had been suggested. Further than that, he had spoken to the surgeon of the gaol, and knew when her accouchement might be expected to take place. SECOND COURT. (Before the Recorder.) Wm. Pottage, 20, clerk, pleaded guilty to indictments charging him with feloniously forging upon a certain bill of exchange, for the payment of money, the acceptance of one Wm. Bew, with intent to defraud, and also with felo niously forging upon two bills of exchange the endorsement of John Henry Weston and Edward Weston, with intent to defraud. - Mr. Poland, who appeared for the prosecution, said the charge against the prisoner as that of having forged bills of exchange, and the circumstances were these :—The pri soner went some time in the present year to a loan office kept by a Mr. Welfare and gave a bill for £5O, which pur ported to have been drawn by Mr. Henry Weston and en dorsed by himself. That bill was discounted by Mr. Wel fare. When it bec?..me due the prisoner went to Mr. Wel fare and asked him to allow it to stand over. This was refused, and then the prisoner brought another bill, drawn by himself, and purporting to bo accepted by Mr. Bew, and with the proceeds of the second bill he paid off the £5O upon the first. He was asked to get the second bill endorsed by Mr. Weston also. He took it away, brought it back with the name of Mr. Weston endorsed under that of Mr. Bew, and upon subsequent inquiry it was ascertained that both these signatures were forgeries. The first bill, in fact, was forged as well ae the second. Though this was the serious nature of the prisoner's offence, yet Mr. Welfare, who had been acquainted with him for some years, was anxious, as far as he could, to recommend him to the merciful conside• ration of the Court, Mr. Sleigh, who was engaged for the defenee, expressed his belief that the case was one entitled to merciful onside ration. The unhappy young man at the bar was a person of respectability who at one time held a good position in society. He unfortunately became a partner with a gentle man ; that partnership was dissolved ; he was unable to obtain a settlement, and he was reduced in consequence to the very verge of destituti on . Under his ( t he learned counsel's) instructions he h a d very reluct antl y pleaded guilty, because he alleged that he had so intention to de fraud at the time he negotiated the bi l l transaction s with Mr. 'Welfare. Those who had known him for years would bear testimony that he had always been an honourable young man. Still, there was no doubt that in this instance he h a d violated the law, but, after all, his offence did not come under the category ot a commercial forgery. Witnesses to character having been examined, The Recorder passed sentence. Ile observed that there were circumstances connected with the case which induced him not to inflict a harsh punishment, although the forging of bills in a great commercial country like England was de serving of penal servitude. As it was, he believed the jus tice of the case would be met by sentencing the prisoner to 18 calendar be imprisoned and kept to hard labour for months. John Smith, 24, sawyer, and Joseph Pemberthy, barge men, were indicted for stealing one cask and 50 gallons of turpentine, the property of Sir Charles Price and others and Joseph Charles Harrison, oilman, Queenhithe, was in , dieted for receiving the same, well knowing them to have been stolen. Mr. Giffard and Mr. Starling conducted th e case f o r the prosecution ; Mr. Se r geant Pa rr y and M r. F. 11. Lewis de fended Harrison ; and Mr. Ribton defended S m ith. Pem berthy was undefended. It appeared from the statement of Counsel and the evi dence in the case that on the 24th of June last a quantity of goods, among others a cask of French turpentine, was ordered to be conveyed from the premises of Sir Ralph Charles Price, at Elariars-bridge, in Navigation Compa n y s vessel down the river. The cask was lowered with the other g oods int o a lighter. It we i g hed , ekf 4 cwt., and as it app eared to be lying one of the Steam safe is the lighter it was not considered necessary that it should be watched. On the 25th of Juno it had disappeared. It was stolen on the night of the 24th or early on the morning of the 25th. Shortly after the robbery was effected the prisoners Smith and Pemberthy were found dealing with the property, sell ing it and receiving money for it. They were seen lurking about in the neighbourhood of the wharf where the lighter was moored. The cage against Harrison differed entirely from that against the other two p r i soners . His offence con sisted in receiving the property with a knowledge that it had been stolen. He carried on business as an oil and colour man in Queenhithe, somewhere opposite the residence of the Lord Mayor. IS concern was not very extensive, as was proved by the circumstance that he only employed a boy in his office. In consequ en c e of information received by the police the officers visited his premises and found the cask of turpentine in his cellar. Persons passing along the street could see the end of the cask for several days after it was rece ived, when another cask containing petroleum was placed over it; but it was contended that this visibility did not tell in favour of the prisoner, inasmuch as the identifi cation of the cask from the footpath was a matter of utter impossibility. It was alleged by the learned counsel, but the statement was not afterwards borne out in evidence, that Harrison said he had in the first instance given £l6 for the cask, and afterwards that he had paid only £l2 10s. for it, the real value being £25 ; and the question of his guilt turned mainly upon the question as to the parties from whom he had purchased it. The counsel for the prosecu tion relied upon the fact that he was Alleged to have bought it from the other two prisoners, who were known to be acting as labourers about the docks, and for a sum of money Y about half its actual value, for proof amounting to thatho mast have e purchased it with a knowledge that it bad been dishonestly obtained. At the close of the case for the prosecution Mr. Ribton addressed the jury on the part of Smith, submitting that there was nothing approaching to evidence, certainly not sufficient to warrant them in finding him guilty. He then called witnesses to character. Mr. Sergeant Parry submitted that no evidence what ever had been adduced in support of the charge against Harrison. The Recorder, having carefully looked over his notes, agreed in opinion with the learned sei ieaut. On the con trary, he said that the opening statement of the learned counsel for the prosecution was unsupported by the testi mony of the witnesses, because it now appeared that the prisoner never had made any declaration to the effect that he purchased the cask either for £l6 or for £l2 10s. Mr. Sergeant Parry el , served that there were several per sons in court who had known llarrison all his life, and who were willing to bear testimony that he had sustained through out a most irreproachable character. Tho Lord Mayor, for instance, was ready to come forward and give evidence to that effect. The Recorder—lf it had been proved that he knew the exact position in life of the other two prisoners, from whom he is said to have made the purchase, it would have made a great difference in the case. Mr. Sergeant Parry—But there is no evidence that he knew anything whatever about them. The Recorder—Undoubtedly there is not. Under the direction of the Court a verdict of Not Guilty is the case of Harrison was here taken, and the prisoner left the court with his friends. The other two primers were found Guilty of the rob bery, and several previous convictions were proved against Pemberthy. The Recorder senten3ed Pemberthy to sis, and Smith to five years' penal servitude. Claude Cele, 16, a ofxyant, was indicted for felonieudY setting fire to a rick of stubble, the property of Wm. Gid dinge, of Smith Minnie. At the time of the fire the prisoner was discovered at about 20 yards' distance from the rick. At first be denied that he was the incendiary, and endeavoured to throw the blame upon a man with a straw hat who was seen to cross the fields, but subsequently he acknowledged the offence, and said he had been driven by the force of the pangs of hunger to consume the property. When apprehended he requested the officer not to let his father know anything about hie being concerned in so disgraceful a transaction. The jury returned a verdict of Guilty. The Recorder asked in what capacity as a servant the prisoner had hitherto acted? Prisoner—As a gentleman's page. The Recorder thought the case a strange one, and inti mated that some inquiries would be made into the prisoner's circumstances and family connections before sentence was pronounced. He then respited the judgment until next ses- SOUTHERN FINANCE. The length of this letter forbids my touching upon the questien of Southern finance, which has latterly attracted a good deal of uneasy attention, and concerning which I will hereafter lay full particulars before your readers. It is sufficient for the present to state that it is altogether a mis take to measure in a blockaded country the value of the currency by the standard of gold and silver which, as Mr. Memminger has well pointed out, become as much articles of commerce, when their outgoing and incoming are im peded, as tin and platina. The true measure of deprecia tion to which the currency has undergo ne may be gauged by the price of real estate, and of such articles as wheat, Indian corn, and bacon. Throughout the Confederacy real estate may, at this moment, anywhere be bought with Confederate currency at the rate of two dollars for that which formerly cost ono ; in other words, that which cost 50,000 dollars before the war can now be bought for 100,000 dollars. The price of wheat, corn, and bacon, as compared with old prices, is in the ratio of 5 to 2, or, at most, of 3to 1. Nevertheless, under the influence of artificial panic and interested inflation, it required, two or three weeks ago, 16 dole. in Confederate currency to purchase one dollar in gold. A conviction, however, that when Congress meets next December, the further issue of Treasury notes for circulation will be checked, the serious determination to cope with this, the blackest cloud on the Confederate horizon, and the return of greater confidence to the unthinking masses, have again lowered the price of gold in Richmond, which can this day be purchased at the price of 10 dole. in currency for one in metal. RICHMOND, Sept. 7 (Evening). P.S.—The intelligence, by no means unexpected, has just been received that General Beauregard deemed it advisable to abandon Morris Island, or, in other words, Batteries Wagner and Gregg, last night, upon the close of the 59th day of the siege. It had been my impression that, if the equinoctial gales had favoured such an enterprize and driven the monitors off the coast, an attack would have been made upon the Federal works upon Morris Island by such a force of Confederates as would have infal libly commanded success. But in view of the delay in the equinoctial gales, it has appeared to Gen. Beauregard un desirable to sacrifice many lives to attain an object which is considered, after all, of little moment. The 69 days of siege have made Morris Island into little more than the outer crust of the defences of Charleston, and there remains in Fort Sumter and Fort Ridley, and in the batteries upon Sullivan's and James Islands, and last of all in the battery or sea wall of Charleston itself, a system of defences which all the military engineers in the Confederacy pronounce to be impregnable. It is true that, from Morris Island, shells will perhaps be thrown into the city of Charleston, but persons who have seen Vicksburg after months and months of shelling will entertain little apprehension in regard to the damage which, from a distance of more than four miles, can be done to Charleston. It seems to me that the disadvantages arising to the Confederates from the loss of Morris Island will be twofold. In the first place, of the two channels which lead into Charleston Harbour, one will bo rendered impassable for incoming vessels by the Federal batteries upon Morris Island, and all the attention of the blockading vessels will be concentrated upon the other channel. Se condly, the possession of Morris Island will enable the Federals to make a large camp there, into which they will throw any number of men, and thus threaten to beat down resistance at Charleston by weight of numbers. This danger can only be met by a step which is as easy to the Confederates as is the withdrawal of troops from Washing ton to the Federals. In other words, the number of defen ders must increase pari passu with that of the assailants. There is such disgust in this city at the depreciation of the currency, towards which the introduction of goods through Charleston has powerfully contributed, that I doubt whether the capture of that city by the Federals would not, on the whole, be acceptable to a majority. I ought not to forget to mention that General Beauregaid brought all his guns off from Batteries Gregg and Wagner. The siege of Charleston is just commenced. The only other notable incident of this day has teen the opening of the session of the Virginia State Legislature in Richmond. The message of Governor Letcher has at tracted much attention, and, it must be added, hearty ap- Irobation. SOCIAL SCIENCE _AT EDINBURGH. At the approaching meeting at Edinbu rg h, commenc i ng on the 7th of Octobe r, a variety of interesting subjects will occupy the attention of the members in each of the six de partments. In the department of Jurisprud ence many o f the subjects to be discussed will be of national interest. Among these questions, we find the transfer of land will be treated of in several impo rtant p a p ers. Mr. R . R. Torrens, Registrar-General of Sou th Australia, cont ributes a paper on the Torrens' system o f " Conveyancing., by Registration of Titles, as in operation in Australia," Mr. Thomas Hare will lay before the department the draft of a bill "to facilitate the acquirement of house property by the working classes in large towns." Among other subjects are the " Marriage Laws," and "The necessity for a Minister of Justice," and the laws of evidence both in civil and crimi nal cases. In the Educational department, national education in Scotland occupies a prominent place, and is certain to call forth ani mated discussions. Professor Milligan, of Aberdeen, • con tributes a paper on "the Pari sh Schools of Scotland;" Dr. Lees, of St Andrews, on " the Scottish IL U niversitySy a st e em al • s ' o ' the Rev. J. P. Norris, M,1., on the inspecti on of middle pserhowooflesedboyn ththwe state University ofcda o c f a C tio a n mb in ridge. France Papers and America; en industrial education and industrial schools; on the train ing of tcachen ; on the lunctioTi of the pri mary school mistress; the Civil Service examination, and other subjects of general and local igterest. In the Reformatory depart met the Right Hon. C. B. Adderley, M.P., will read a paper on the reports of the Royal Commissioners on penal servi tude and prison discipline; Mr. C. P. Mensor on "the Re formatory Principle in Criminal Punishment;' Si r J o h n Don Wauchope on " the Classes which furnish Criminal Children ;" the Rev. Dr. Robert Lee on " the Ad vantages o f R e f o rmatories." Th e question of licenses to publi c -h ous es and the subjects connected with temperance reform come within this department,and will be treated of in severa l a ble papers. Among the pap ers in the Public Health department the following are of special interest :—" The Sanatory Sta ve occurred in the tistics of Colonial Native . Schools . an , d Hospitals," and by Miss Florence aNniogthhteirngpaalpeo;r "theonthce hticiAngremsywihniclh.ndhiaa, Type of Disease in Edinburgh. during the last 50 years," by Prof. Christison ; "Diseases in Cattle," by Prof. Gangee ; "the Sanatory Arrangements of Edinburgh . as compared with other large Towns," by Dr..Littlejohn ; "On the Ne cessity for Prospective Legislation to prevent Dwelling houses being built in disregard of the condition s o f health," by Col. Oldfield. Various other important subjects will be brought forward, such as the sickness and mort a lity of mer chant seamen, and the contamination of water by sewage and public works. Nearly 50 papers have already been commu nicated to the department of Social Economy. The subject of emigration will occupy a whole day ; it is treated of in several important papers, such as "the relation between Great Britain and her Colonies," by Mr. R. R. Torrens. Mr. Edwin Chadwick co ntributes a paper on "the compa rative results of the chief principles of the Poor-law Admi nistration in England and Ireland as compared with Scot land." Several other papers deal with the operation of the Poor-laws. Mr. Edmund Potter, 31. P., will read a paper on the "Lancashire Cotton District," The progress of co-ope ration both in England and Scotland will be treated by the Rev. Dr. Begg, Mr. Henry Pitman, and others. Taxation (direct and indirect), the dwellings of the working classes, and almost every other subject practically affecting to any extent the social condition of the people, will be more or less thoroughly discussed. In the department of Trade and In ternational Taw, as far as regards the Ara, divigioti local sions. THIRD COURT. (Before the Common Sergeant.) William Smith and Thomas Ailum surrendered to take their trial on an indictment charging them with violently assaulting and inflicting personal injuries upon William Thomas and Benjamin Woodnutt. _ _ _ Mr. Le Breton - prosecuted ; and the defendants were re presented by Mr. Sleigh, with whom was Mr. Orridge. The inquiry into this case occupied the attention of the Court and jury for a considerable time, but the facts may be briefly narrated. On the part of the prosecution it was alleged that the prosecutors, who are barge builders residing in Rotherhithe, and in the same employ, after leaving their work on the night of Saturday, the 25th of July, went to their homes and remained there until about 10 o'clock, when they proceeded to the residence of the prosecutor Woodnutt's mother, in Millpond-street, where they partook of supper and one glass of beer each. They were returning home when the two defendants, who were on duty in plain , clothes, time up to them, and, as alleged, using most coarse language, said that they had been long on the watch for them, and that they would lock them up. The men Thomas and Woodnutt at once denied that they were the characters the defendants had imputed to them, and eventually Thomas was knocked down by the defendant Smith, and Woodnutt by Allum. The prosecutors were followed to the residence of Thomas, but not by the defendants, who, on alarm being given by the prosecutors, ran away. The prosecutors were, however, followed to the residence of the mother of Thomas, and there taken into custody by a policeman named Lamb, on the charge of being drunk, disorderly, and having assaulted the police. The prosecutors wore locked up on the charges, but subsequently bailed out, and on the case being heard by Mr. Traill, at the Greenwich Police court, the charge was dismissed after a long investigation. The allegation on the part of the prosecution was that both the prosecutors had been seriously injured by the defend ants ; and this was the point at issue. Mr. Sleigh, for the defendants, said he was in a condition to negative the assertion that his clients had been guilty of the violence imputed to them. The defendants had been long in the service, and by good conduct had been raised to the position of detective officers. It would be shown that a row had taken place in Dockhead, Rotherhithe, at which it was supposed the prosecutors had taken part, and were con- sequently watched and eventually taken into custody on the charge of riotous conduct and assaulting the police-officers. They were charged in proper form, and then never insinu ated that they had been assaulted by the present defendants On behalf of the defendants a host of witnesses were called, all members of the same division of police, with a view to show that the prosecutors were intoxicated, and that they had been concerned in a row at Dockhead, which was negatived by the witnesses for the prosecution. Inspector Moore deposed that he was on duty at the sta tion-house when the prosecutors were charged, and that they were then both intoxicated, and made no mention of having been assaulted by the defendants. The Common-Sergeant, in summing up, said that this was ono of the most remarkable cases he had ever had to try. The question involved was one of a very important character, and he warned the jury to be cautious, as there was evi dently strong partizanship, and it was perfectly clear that one party or the other had committed perjury. The jury, after a very brief deliberation, returned a ver dict of guilty, but at the same time coupled their verdict with a recommendation to mercy on the ground of the good character they had received ; and the jury also expressed an opinion that they thought the defendants had mistaken the prosecutors for other persons who had been concerned in a disturbance or riot at Dockhead. The Common Sergeant asked the police whether they had heard anything about the row at Dockhead, and they said there had been nothing of the kind ; and then turning to the jury, the learned Judge asked them whether they remained of the same opinion as to the defendants being mistaken as to the prosecutors being concerned in the riot. The foreman of the jury said, after the evidence they had heard, they should alter their verdict, and simply find the defendants guilty. The Common Sergeant, in passing sentence, said the de fendants had been guilty of a very serious offence, and in proportion as power was given to the police, the Court was bound to pass a sentence commensurate upon any officer who abused the power placed in him. The power vested in the police placed the public very much at their mercy, and the act which they had committed was an exceedingly gross one. He always passed severe sentences upon those convicted of assaulting the police, and he should now pass a severe sen tence upon police officers, and that sentence was that they be kept to hard labour in the House of Correction for the term of 1S calendar months. With this case the business of the session terminated, and the Court was adjourned to Monday, the 26th October FRENCH COLONIAL EXHIBITION. The Noniteur publishes a report addressed to the Minister of Marine and the Colonies by the Committee of the Per manent Exhibition of the Colonies, giving an account of the operations in 1862, which consisted chiefly in preparing for the Universal Exhibition in London. The committee express themselves highly satisfied with the reception given to French colonial products by the jury of the Exhibition, as well as by the English press, and then proceed to enumerate the success of eaeh!..colony as follows :—Guidaloupe (17 medals, 12 honourable mentions). —This colony exhibited sugar, coffee, cocoa, rum, textile substances, and salt, all of which the jury considered of superior quality, but their attention was chiefly directed to the cotton, of which the long•stapled was valued at 5f per kilogramme, and the short stapled at 2f 50c. This latter description is especially remarkable for its abundant yield, and being less subject to the attacks of insects than the Georgian. It will also grow on almost any soil, and is well adapted for all ordinary fabrics. Martinique (13 medals, three honourable mentions).—The sugar, cocoa, and rum of this colony were found excellent, as was likewise its coffee. which the jury considered fully equal to its long-established reputation, and expressed their regret that its cultivation should have diminished of late years. Guiana (14 medals, ' 17 honourable mentions).—None of the French colonists presented such a variety of products as this. They com prise fine timber for shipbuilding, coffee, cotton, annotto, fruit, and seeds yielding oil, &c. The cotton was an indige nous species, of a long and fine staple, estimated to be worth from 41 50e to 50f per kilogramme. St. Pierre and Miquelon (two medals, two honourable mentions).—These islands exhibited the produce of their fisheries, cousistingof cod and other fish cured in variousways, isinglass, cod liver oil, white and brown, all of which were considered quite equal to the best English and Norwegian products of the same kind. West Coast of Africa (eight medals).—The French possessions in Senegal, the Gold Coast of Gabon exhibited ground-nats, gum, gold, ostrich feathers, tanning substances, cabinet wood, palm oil, copper, ivory, ebony, and sandal wood. A short-stapled cotton-growing wild in Senegambia was exhibited, and also specimens of jumel cotton recently introduced there, which was estimated at 4f 50c per kilogramme. Reunion (24 medals, 13 honourable mentions).—This colony may well be proud of its success. Its sugars were especially remarked, and were judged fully equal to those of the Mauritius. The vanilla of this island was found excellent, as was also the cotton. Magotte and dependencies (one medal, two honourable mentions).—This island had few exhibitors, chiefly of sugars, in which the _ jury noticed considerable improvement since 1855. Mada gascar (one medal). —The principal articles exposed were timber, cabinet-woods, cotton, rocella, and the silk of the bombyx radama.—lndia (nine medals, six honourable men tions). —Thanks to the efforts of the local committee of Pondicherry, the French possessions in India made a very respectable figure, even beside the vast display from Bengal. The jury highly appreciated the show of rice, medicinal and tinctorial plants, cocoa nut oil, &c. As to the cotton, it was valued at 6f 25c to 8f 75c per kilo gramme, and was admitted to be superior to that from British India. New Caledonia (six medals, six honourable m entions). —The wool from this colony was found equal to the best Australian, and proves that the rearing of sheep on a large scale would soon make this a rich colony. The specimens of sugar and coffee were especially noticed by the Australian Commissioners, and New Caledonia is admirably situated for supplying the great English colony with those articles. Cotton, resins, bark, sandal-wood, timber, and cocoa-nut oil were also exhibited. Tahiti (three medals, two honourable ment:ons)—The productions of these islands attracted much notice from the commercial men of all coun tries, and were considered very superior to those shown in 1855. Cochin China (one medal,two honourable mentions) —This country exhibited rice, cotton, silks, dye -woods,fish, swallow's-nests, and many other Eastern delicacies. This collection was examined with extraordinary interest. The report concludes with expressing the conviction of the com mittee that France has every reason to be satisfied with the success of her colonies at this great International Exhibition. [ADVERTISEMENT}. —Holloway's Fills.—Disorders of the kidneys, known by the deeply - seat ed pain in the back and scanty secretion of water, can be arrested in their dis tressing and rapid course by these regulating Pills. Their highly tonic and strengthening properties prevent the im poverishment of the blood and the 4eranOement of Omla tion characteristic of kidney disease, often ending in par. tial or general. dropsy. Experience has proved the almost unvaried success obtained when Holloway's Pills are taken in the earlier stages, and the ease they afford when the complaint is more advanced. They relax the hot and parched skin, overcome the attendant costiveness, and in.. duce a copious secretion cif the kidneys, which are the Uujiizigere of diem@ departing and xottirain, SPIPIT OF T JOURNALS. TIMES.—It is not easy to sly whether the nego tiations between the three Western Powers and the Emperor of Russia ere actually concluded for the present year. There may still be something to say, some admission to seize on, some repartee to retort, some damaging inuendo to explain away, but for all that the controversy is virtually at an end. It has been reduced to its ultimate term; and conditions, a distinct divergency of opinion has been manifested, and words at least can carry the case no further. The appeal, if appeal there is to be, lies evidently to that ultimate reason which is no reason at all, but the arbitrament of brute force, the shock of con- tending Powers. The point of departure was, indeed, simple enough. The Western Powers appealed to the stipulations of the Treaty of 1815, and contended that those stipulations had been violated. Founding themselves on this view, they proceeded to require from Russia the compliance with six demands on behalf of the Poles, and an armistice for the pur- pose of discussing these terms more at liberty. Nothing could be more masterly as a specimen of diplomatic fence than the manner in which Russia dealt with her powerful and importunate ad versaries. She took a thoroughly clear and comprehensive view of her own position. The Polish revolt, though its causes lay deep in the crimes and calamities of a whole century, broke out with a suddenness and vio lence unexpected alike by Poles and Russians, and attributable to no profound calculation, but to a sense of intolerable wrong and outrageous tyranny. It found the nation unprepared, as has been suffi ciently proved by the event, not only to repel foreign intervention, but even to deal with the ill-organised and ill-combined efforts of unarmed and undisci- plined Poland. The first great necessity of Russia was time—time to bring up her troops from the vast and gloomy solitudes over which they were scattered—time to repair her fortifications, to re mount her cavalry and artillery, and to reorganise her means of defence, so rudely shattered by the terrible storm of the Crimean War. With this clear view of her own interests and necessities Russia acted. The first efforts of Western diplo macy she received with smiles and courtesy ; she was anxious for an interchange of ideas, she was willing to be convinced, she was ready to be per- suaded; she led England, France, and Austria to commune among themselves at great length as to the terms which were to be proposed to her ; and all this diplomatic courtesy did not in the least pre vent her from pushing on the war with the most ruthless energy and wreaking on her prisoners the most inexorable vengeance. The heart of Russia was bleeding metaphorically for Poland, while Poland, without any metaphor at all, was bleeding from every pore. At last the time came when it was im possible any longer to defer an answer to the de mand of the Western Powers. The summer was by this time far advanced, and the period for active operations was rapidly passing away. The time had arrived when the veil might be safely lifted, and it was lifted accordingly. As to the interpretation of the Treaty of 1815, Russian diplomatists remarked that a treaty was a document which it was open to every one to interpret as they pleased ; but that the interpretation of the Emperor was the one by which he intended to abide. According to that in terpretation, the affairs of Poland were matters of internal government which could not be submitted to any foreign State ; the European Congress was therefore refused. The pacification of Poland was a condition necessarily anterior to any improvement in her condition, and for that reason the offer of an armistice was politely declined. The whole despatch was written with a charming candour, a flowing and elaborate courtesy, which provoked, as of course it was intended to do, a renewal of the controversy. Austria and the estern Powers, after much con sideration of the respective merits of separate or identical Notes, prepared elaborate answers to the reasoning of Prince Gortschakoff's answer, the re ceipt of which was, we doubt not, agreeable to him, and the reply a labour of love. Russia has gained help ; her preparations for war are advancing rapidly towards completion, the spirit of her people is rising, the Polish rebellion has undergone some terrible reverses, and the winter is coming, to which Russia trusts to deprive the miserable in surgents of shelter, of food, and of the means of con cealment from an enemy who is every day press ing them more closely, and bringing up the resources of half the world to accelerate their inevi table ruin. Now, therefore, Russia is able to speak out, and she speaks with all the arrogance of other days, and takes up a position which she ob viously does not intend to yield to any argument, however cogent. The Treaty of 1815 does certainly contain clauses by which the Emperor Alexander does engage to give a Constitution to Poland ; but that Treaty is to be interpreted, Russia asserts, with reference to the ideas and state of things prevailing at the time it was concluded. Armed with this weapon, Russia proceeds to argue that at the time of the conclusion of the Treaty of 1815 Russia held Poland by right of conquest, and that the mere an nouncement of the benevolent intentions of the Emperor Alexander in the Treaty did not give Europe:the right to interfere in the interior affairs of Russia—that is, to urge anything in behalf of Poland. This claim renders all further discussion of the Treaty of 1815 superfluous, and leaves the Western Powers no choice between a tame sub mission to the astonishing pretensions of Russia and a European war. Russia was willing to argue on the basis of the rights conferred by the Treaty of Vienna so long as such argument could serve the purposes of delay. Those purposes being now fully served, she flings aside the question of the rights conferred by the Treaty of Vienna altogether, and boldly claims that whatever those rights may be there is no European Power that can justly claim to enforce them. Such is the conclusion to which matters have been brought, and such are the laurels which we have reaped in the diplomatic campaign of 1863. France is taunted with her inconsistency in denouncing the Treaty of 1815 as framed in a spirit incompatible with her dignity and her inte rest, while she is at the same time pressing upon Russia, in behalf of Poland, the execution of that very Treaty. Every one remembers how at the close of the Crimean War France sought to conciliate Russia at the expense of those very interests for the sake of which the war was undertaken. We have now a proof of the extent to which that policy has been successful. The truth is that that narrow but fervent spirit of patriotism which has reconciled the Russian nation to so many sacrifices and so many miseries is once more aroused, and that projects of social, political, and economical re form are willingly postponed by the people to a de sire to try conclusions once more with the power of Imperial France. We must rest our hopes for peace evidently more on the moderation of the French than on that of the Russian Government. In the mean time the object has been gained, and Poland is handed over fee another six months, without a pos sibility of relief, to the Power against which she is so bravely and so vainly struggling. POST.—We have more than once directed the at• tention of our readers to the breach of neutrality involved in the course pursued by Lord Russell, at the instigation of Mr. Adams, in regard to the ves sels supposed to be building for the Government of the Confederate States. it is impossible to doubt that that course has been dictated by one of two motives, either of them utterly unworthy of an English statesman. Either Lord Russell acts under an abject fear of a quarrel with the North, or under the influence of a vehement and unscrupulous, as well as absurdly impolitic, partially towards the Federal cause. It may be that he has been so wrought upon by the threatening tone of Mr. Seward as to be really afraid of war, and willing to submit to the servile compliances exacted of him in the hope of avoiding it. It may be that the old traditions of his party—traditions of lukewarm loyalty to England, and of warm sympathy with colonial rebe's and foreign enemies—still sway his mind, and incline him to the cause espoused with greater openness by the democratic leaders below the Ministerial gangway. It is quite certain that he is not acting with honestly neutral intentions; that he does not believe that either the law of na tions or the law of England, or any previous under standing with the United States, bind him to pre vent the trade in armed ships, or in ships unarmed and the means to arm them. International law allows trade to be as free in time of war as in time of peace, subject only to the right of belligerents to capture on the high seas vessels either bound for a blockaded port, or carrying contraband of war directly to the enemy's coasts. All that is for bidden to a neutral country is to make its ports the starting point of belligerent expeditions. This again, is all that the Foreign Enlistment Act, so far as it applies to ships, was intended to prevent. That act does not touch the case of ehips sent out neither armed nor equipped nor fitted out for hos tilities; nor does it touch the case of ships sold to a neutral. Nor, whatever the provisions of that act, is he bound to enforce it unless he ploasse, He has shown this by his condnet in the case of the Gari baldian Legion, and more recently by his refusal to order the prosecution of Lieut. Styles of that force, who was taken in flagrante deltctel l attpmpting to raise recruits for the geprpt committee which directs the Polish insurrection. It is within his el . t eretion to enforce it or not as be tb i _:B fit; only it is clear that he naa no right to enforce it against on e bel ligerent and not against the other, as he is doing at present. Ho is in no way obliged to enforce it by any agreement, expressed or implied, with the United States. The Canadian rebels were assisted by American recruits, armed from the Government stores. The Russians during the Crimean war received an armed vessel from an American port, which, by confession of the Americans themselves, was protected from search and capture by their Orators, And the American courts have decided that it is lawful for American citizens to build, arm and eqnip men of war for a foreign Power, provided they do net themselves intend to use such vessels to commit hostilities against Powers with which the Union is at peace. Nay, when the Union was at peace with Spain an American ship, with Ameri can captain and crew, was making war on Spanish commerce under the flag of Buenos Ayres, and the Federal Court declared her enterprise legitimlte• There is, therefore, no sort of compulsion, legal or equitable, municipal or international, bi.nding our Government to present British shipwrights from supplying ships of war, as they supply cannon, to either belligerent. And, therefore, it seems as cer tain and clear as any question of public law can be, that to prevent the Confederates from buying ill our markets that of which they have pressing need while we allow the Federals to purchase every thing which they require, is a scandalous violation of neutrality., If we had any treaty with America binding us to enforce the Foreign Enlistment Act, or if its enforcement were compulsory by its own terms, there would be a complete answer in law, if not in honour, to all Federal complaints on this score; but as the fact stands there is none. COUNTRY MARKETS. MANCHESTER—TnuRsDAY. At our market this morning there was a good attendance of buyers, and the tone of the trade was steadier than for the past few days. The demand for new English wheat was moderate. at about a reduction of is per qr. Amerlca!l slow, at a decline of 2d to 3d per 100 lb on the prices of this day se'nvight. Flour inactive, at is per sack and barrel lower. Oats receded ld per 451 b, and new oatmeal pressed at is to 2s per load. Indian corn gave way 6d per qr. New English and Egyptian beans were each 6ds to is per qr lower. BIRMINGHAM—THIIRSDAY. English wheat was sold at 44s to 48s for white, and 4 05 to 44s per:36 stone for red. Barley, new malting, 36s to 42s per qr ; grinding, 26s to 308 Oats, old, 248 to 306 per 30 stone ; Irish, 21s to 255. Beans 40s to 445 per W . ' Peas, 36s to 44. s per 36 stone. CORK—SEPT. 24. The following were the quotations this morning :.--.l l( a d wheat, 7s Od to 8s 3d ; white, 7s 3d to 9s 6d barley, u s Od to 7s Gd ; oats, ss:Od to 60 10d ; black do., 4s Oct t° 5s Bd. EDINBURGH GRAIN-SEPT. 23. - - A fair supply of farmers' wheat to-day, which met it dull sale at rather under the prices of last week. Bar' ley met a fair sale, and prices is lower. Oats dull, and 2 4 to 3s down. Beans were dull. _Wheat on the top Os 9d up average Os 6d down' Barley on the top Os 6d down average is 7d down• Oats on tho top 4s Od down average is Od down• Beans on the top 4s Od down average 5s 51:1 Total Supply and Sales. Wheat ... 640 qrs Sold 322 qrs 8ar1ey........2117 qrs Sold 1966 qrs Oats _993 qrs Beans 32 qrs Sold 19 qrs Flour sells as follows :—Whites,;39s Od ; extras, 37s O d superfine, 35s Od ; fine, 33s Od. DERBY SMITHFIELD—SEPT. 22. There was a less supply of fat beasts to-day, and prices were unaltered. The number of sheep and lambs also le ss than last week. The show of fat pigs was good, but SaAe were not so brisk. Fat calves were scarce. Beet 6d to 7d 1 Veal 7d to lii Mutton .... 7d to.7fd Pork .. 5d tot' Lamb Bd to —d Rough fat, 3s 9d per stow" Hides, 3d to 4id; calf skins, 5d to 6d. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton. Oct. 1 9 ' via Marseilles ... Oct. 13. Brazil and Cap- e Verds, by British packet. Oct. 5 ' 28. Cape of G oo d H o p e , A scens i on , an d S t. H e l ena Sept. ,-; China, Penang, and Singapore, via S ou th am pt on Oct. 4 ;yr . via Marseilles Sept. I Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton Sept. ``;' India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Oct. 2 „ via Marseilles Sept. 2IZ India (Bombay), via Southampton Sept.?' via Marseilles Oct. ~. Portugal.... Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Sept. 25. via Marseilles Oct. 11. n Newfoundland Oporto and Vigo U. S. and British N. America, );y Brit. packet.... Sep • by U.S. packet.... 2 5, by Canadian packet. Sept . „ W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe .. Oct. 10. Bahamas, via New York Oat. 2,,. Mexico.. All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, J S e pt. 25. California. and British Columbia. Fires have been particularly frequent of late is the department of the Isere. A large farm at Passag near Virieu, was reduced to ashes two nights back. The flames spread with such rapidity that the farmer had WO difficulty in escaping with his family. A considerable por tion of the year's harvest was destroyed, and several head of cattle, a kid, and a number of sheep perished. THE TIDAL WAVE.—The PhilosophicaLliagazine contains a curious essay by Dr. J. It. Mayer, of Heilbronn , on" Celestial Dynamics," in which amongst other things the author proves that the tidal wave causes a diminution i° the velocity of the earth's rotation. His arguments nieY be summed up as follows :—The attraction of the sun en d moon is the cause of the tides; that is, the waters of the sea are drawn towards the meridian above and below which the moon culminates. Now, if the waters met with no ref sistance, such as friction, the elevated parts of the tidal wave would exactly coincide with the moon's meridian, and there would be loss of vis viva. Practically, however, the friction experienced by the waters retards their motion, s ° that the flow of the tidal wave is delayed, and high wa ts , r ~ occurs in the open sea two hours and a half after the trivial' of the moon across the meridian of the spot. Hence the more elevated wave is always to the east of the rac'e ll meridian, and the sea must therefore press and flow re cr '' powerfully from east to west than from west to east. 1118 ebb and flow of the tidal wave, therefore, consists not oli in an alternate rising and falling of the waters, but in o slow progressive motion from east to west; in other words; &generally westerly current is produced in the ocean. the earth rotates from west to east, since the sun sets in t ' west; and therefore it turns in a contrary sense to tl is f direction of that current. The earth here plays the per t ° {4 a flywheel, the moveable part of its surface adhering , as were, to the relatively fixed moon, and being dragged lil a direction opposite to that of the earth's rotation, in c ons queue° of which action takes place between the solid e' liquid parts of this flywheel, resistance is ov e rcome, end the , 5 rotatory effect diminished. To make this clearer, supP°'et, ball to revolve in a socket coated with some glutinous t as s ter; its rotation will evidently be impeded by the glutin c " o particles it has to draw after it; and, in the problem be f r o us. the glutinous matter is replaced by a forc e of attract' ° acting in a contrary sense to the rotatory motion. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by P ur a chasing Horniman's pure Tea; very choice at 3s. 4d. s f ie 4s. "High Standard" at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Sd.), i s strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in eyed town supply it in packets. [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Consumption, all nervous, liver, and stomach complaints, In every stage, are only gravatee and accelerated by drugs of every d escr i p tion, D u periecily curable by Du Barry's h ea lth res t or i ng Revaleu o Arabica Food, as proved by thousands of cases which 0 4 $ been considered hopeless. We quote a few.—Cure No. 62, 914 ,i Miss Lange, 18 years of age, cured after the medical men ba t abandoned all hopes of her recovery from the last stage pulmonary consumption, with fearful cough, expectorat lo exhaustion, spitting of blood, perspirations, hollow cbee llt , s ; emaciated to a skeleton. She is now, thank God, a perfec t ; healthy, blooming, fleshy girl.—N. Lange, Commissair e Police. Cure, No. 0,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frital ei r Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, te e a derangement, and partial deafness.—Cure, No. 47,121. 0 , Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indiges tion gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure , 54,816. Ihe Rev. James T. Campbell, Fakenham, Ne rf ta of indigestion and torpidity of the liver, which had resiPi t ,, all medical treatment. In tins, 11b, 2s 9d; 21b, 4s 6d; 57/, 118; 121 b, 228; 241 b, 40s. Barry du Barry and Co., No . Regent-street, London ; also Fortnum and Mason; an d a grocers and chemists in every town of the linitedlitagdoo4 Births. --- Jowssox.—On the 24th inst., at 14, John -street, Berkeler square, the Hon. Mrs. Vaughan Johnson, of a sou. if , ScoBELL.—On the 23d inst., the wife of Henry S. SO be Esq., of The Abbey, Pershore, of a daughter. TRAVERS.—On the 23d inst at Epsom, Mrs. Smith vers, of a daughter. 110 , V E RNON.—On the 23d i ns t., a t Netherplaee, Alauc'•- N. 8., the Hon. Mrs. Greville Vernon, of a daughter' Marriages. ' , ;Of t CARDELL—HEALEY.—On the 24th inst., at Holy A.,, r1 0t Church, Clapham, John Major Cariell F.R.C.S.';', Salisbury, Esq., to Fanny Elizabeth, only child of • Healey, Esq., of the Hollies, Clapham. th e SELLER—JENNER.—On the 24th inst., at Lewishaalt o il. Rev. Henry Charles Seller, 8.A., i ncum b en t of Tr Somerset, to Martha, daughter of th e l ate Philip ',cm-- Esq., of New Close, Sussex. it o a irn t : h tt .st. • —On the rector /Vs . ' HOLLOWAY car lesi EA Folkestone,the ...- g Stanford Plug 0 , Reading, aged 64. HUXIIAM.—On the 2(,',1 inst., at Winkel on the Rilif3 ." Commander HP .Ary -rj ~..uxu, arn, R.N., a ged 35. tiol' LIMPEBA'',I.—On the 23d i ns t,, a t W a lwortla, Joseph .-- perani, Esq., aged 83. P E i te l O s t O o K n .: Walter —oll th Anderson e 22 d inst p a e t a h e o i his k, E sci, residence, Bath 40 lac" more WO 01 years a member of the Court of Common Council, oat, 26 years Deputy of th e W ar d of Bishopsgate• ',Nitta° aged 85. Fo r T o r t s ts .T E O s n q., th ag e ed 2o s t 6 h . inst., at Haverstock-hill, Ge° re o ‘l, P R B A: na T u 7 l On Peace the Pratt,22d iu st . , at Mellore Villa, Falhany r° Esq., F.R.S., aged 73. —O4 pv - VO of No. 112, strand , Pr in ter , at THE Sufi Office 144 London: Prin Z,ed and Published by WILLIAM ANDx.—° 111 Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy , in, the CQ II / 1- AUddleacz,—FriciftY, September 0080, Ev affor arnot Prop of in No reCOT all, e stole anot brief in F rani( Lon( Pin( Sr , 1 xellc , T' tzr taller )401 Thy close Preen Thi Gave the h NRR, cor a , 4 ccot tatel2 to I, rt on I for