The Sun. — London, England, 1864-11-28 00:00:00

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA. (From the Times' Correspondent.) NEW YORK, Nov. 11. The complete returns of the Presidential and local elections in the States have not yet been re. ceived, but sufficient is known to make it absolutely certain that Mr Lincoln has a popular majority of a quarter of a million, or it may be half a million, over General M'Clellan, and that his majority in the Electoral College will be so large as to render it unnecessary to count the votes of Tennessee, Loui siana, or Florida, or any other State where illegal test oaths have been employed as a means of inti. midation. In the State elections the Republicans have been considerable gainers, and the next Con. gress will contain a fully two-thirds of the mem leers of that party► Governor Seymour's re-election in New York is asserted by his friends and denied by his opponents, each party making up returns to prove its point. And yet the returns prove nothing but that they must be fraudulent on the one side or the other. The contest all over the country has been conducted with such good feeling, propriety, and order, as to be in the highest degree honour able to the American people. That frauds have been committed there is every reason to believe. Frauds are difficult to detect or prevent under a system of universal suffrage,:andlthere has never perhaps been a Presidential or any other election in this country in which they have not occurred. But the frauds have usually borne so slight a proportion to the vast volume of legitimate votes as to have been of no more account than straws upon a strong current. Unfair votes may have been cast for Mr Lincoln, and undue means may have been employed on his behalf in the army and in districts under military control, but the results prove that he needed neither to be successful, and that it was the firm determi• nation of a decisive though not very large majority of the Northern people to intrust him for a second term with the destinies of the Republic. Bat Mr Lincoln's reelection, especially if it be accompanied, as there is reason to believe, by the defeat of Governor Seymour of New York, is some thing more than a triumph of the Abolitionists, and of that extreme section of the war party who will offer no terms to the South until the last " rebel " shall have laid down his arms and sued for mercy; it is a triumph of the national as opposed to the State rights party—a triumph of the principle of centralization over the local diffusion of the govern. ing power—a triumph, in short, of the monarchical over the Republican system, which was the rule and the practice in Federal America. Mr. Lincoln is fully aware of the difference and the difficulty it in volves. Ia one of the best speeches he has ever made, delivered last night to a party of serenaders at Washington, who came to his windows accom panied by an immense crowd to congratulate him on his reelection, he said—" It has long been a grave question whether any Government not too strong for the liberties of the people can be strong enough to maintain its own existence in great emergencies." Grave as the question was in his first term, it must of necessity become graver in the second. The "great emergencies" of the last four years cannot but be followed by emergencies still greater in the years that are to come. He has had men without stint, money without measure, and the burden of taxation has been scarcely felt, because it was not thoroughly enforced, lest it should prove so oppressive as to convert every taxpayer into a foe on the day of his anticipated re-election. But this era closed on Tuesday last. All his bygone legions and all his expended treasures count for nothing in the task that has yet to be done. If he have had many men he must have many more or fail in the work. If he have lavished in three years the sums that peacefully might have sufficed for three centuries, he must continue the outlay, or see his cause defeated. He must have men by the half million if the war is to continue six months; he must have money by the thousand million if it is to last for a year ; and the tax gatherer must squeeze the uttermost dollar out of the pockets of the people if a mountain of debt is not to be piled np larger than 100,000,000 of thriving and industrious people could pay. It is in the face of these difficulties that the Demo cratic party, signally defeated, but absolved by its defeat from the conduct of a war which its most eminent and patriotic members entirely disapprove —wilt have to reorganise itself, or disappear from the field of American politics. None can say that its defeat was not well merited. It meant peace at Chicago, but it cried war in order to pander to po. pular passion, and catch the votes it was afraid to lasikiLit,o4e itaxgal sentiments. Thus led from , between whom and that of the zival party there was no difference on the main, but only on the col lateral issues—who agreed with the Republicans, that the war was to be vigorously prosecuted, and at all hazards, and disagreed with them only in imagining that he and his friends could manage the inevitable business much batter than the actual President and the people who surrounded him. Such side issues were scarcely worthy of a contest in their support, and in the sober moment of their defeat the Democrats may well confess that, as they fought for no principle which they dared to avow, they were rightly served by being left in the mino rity. Henceforward the only Democracy in Ame. rica will be that which shall boldly and with out arriere pensee emblazon on its banners the words "Peace," " State Rights," and " the ", Constitution." The Peace Democracy is the only possibleDamocracy of the future. Democracy of the ISl'Clellon fashion is bat a false pretence. A "War Democrat" is as contradictory an epithet as that of an infidel Christian or a triangular square. As a party the " War Democracy" may be considered to have been driven out of existence by Mr. Lincoln's re-election, or to have merged into that of the Re publicans. But even if it be not dead of corruption of the blood, it is dying of that malady, and when it finally disappears from the political arena will probably be succeeded by a son and heir of purer principles, robed in the white garments of peace, and crowned with the cap of liberty. The nucleus of that party already exists, composed of some of the ablest, most accomplished, and most respectable men in America—of men who have hitherto been hampered by their political affiliation with War Democracy, but who, in the inevitable reconstruc tion of the various elements that may bo combined in opposition to Mr Lincoln's Government, will take the leading place that becomes their talent, their principles, and their social and political influ. ence. The names of some of these natural leaders may be seen in the signatures to an eloquent ad. dress, presented recently to Mr Gunther, the mayor of this city, approving his conduct in refusing to order any expenditure of publio money for an illu mination in honour of a Federal victory, The do cument was first published yesterday, and takes higher ground in condemnation of the war, and of the wicked enthusiasm of the unthinking multitude, when it rejoices over victories purchased by the blood of tens of thousands of men on either side, than any political manifesto which has yet been published. The subscribers to the document look upon such rejoicing as a virtual admission that reunion is impossible, and that the South is de facto a foreign power. "No renown," they say, "can be acquired in a civil war between the sections of a Republic, if these sections are to be reunited. In such an event oblivion must be the highest reward of heroism. Neither can the civilian who during the combat hounded on hi s ne i g hb ours t o a vigo rous shedding of blood exult in the deed and claim rewards from his country, or applause from his countrymen. Happy will it be for him if he can obliterate all memory of his doings. The capture of the Florida by the \Vachusetts in the port of Bahia, under the very guns of the Br azilian fortress, and in d e fi ance o f a ll mari time and international law, is not received with complete satisfaction by the Federal Government, If the Alabama had been attacked by the Kearsage in an Englieh or a French port, and not in fair fight in the open sea beyond local jurisdiction, there can be no doubt the Fren c h ov British Government, whichever might have been aggrieved, would have demanded instant apology and reparation for the outrage, and little doubt that the Federal Govern ment, rather than run the risk of a war with either of those powers, would have tardily and grudgingly conceded the point. Two questions now arise— first, whether Brazil will not as jealously guard her honour in this instance as Great Britain or France would have done in the supposed case of the Ala■ bama, and whether she will not insist upon the full apology and redress which the circumstances de mand; and secondly, whether the Federal Govern ment will refuse to a comparatively weak Power like Brazil the justice which it would have been foolhardy to deny to England or France. It is ge nerally believed the Government will secretly ex. press its great obligations to Captain Collins, of the Wachusetts, for, the illegal act which has had the effect of temporarily relieving the commerce of the United States from the depredations of the Florida ; that in due time he will be rewarded by promotion ; and that a tedious diplomatic corresponw deuce between Mr Seward and the Brazilian ambas sador and Government will shortly commence, with a result similar to that which occurred in the affair of the Trent, but to be postponed Qs long as possible, or at least until the public shall have pretty well for gotten the circumstances and become:absorbed in the blaze and dazzle of some new excitement. Mean• while Capt. Collins is the popular favourite, though doubtless like the popularity of the bad novel spoken of by Sydney Sarah, ho will soon " blow over." Captain Wilkes—who did the Government a similar disservice three years ago—was but the hero of a minute, and has long since passed both out of sight and favour, leaving behind him no record but that of an over zealous servant, who did wrong with the very best intentions, If Capt. Col lins, whatever fuss may for a while be made of him, escape a similar fate, he will have reason to congra tuldte himself on his unmerited good fortune, The first effect of the re-election of Mr Lincoin was to advance the premium on gold fully ten per cent., a rise however which the financial agents of the Government did their best to counteract by large sales of the reserves at Mr Fessenden's command. In this they were so far successful that they re. duced the premium to the point at which it stood on the day prior to the election-245, and at which, with a tendency to advance, it stands this evening. November 15. In resigning his commission in the Federal army on the morning of the Presidential election, Gen. M'Clellan committed the usual mistake of men of good intentions and, indecision of character. He was too late. What he did then he ought to have done as soon as he had made up his mind to accept the Chicago nomination. Had he bravely done so, and as bravely declared at the same time that he accepted not only the nomination but the platform, he would, as the results of last Tuesday's voting abundantly proved, have been defeated in his aspic rations for the Presidency, but he would not have descended into private life, or fallen, like Lucifer, never to rise again. On the contrary, he would have become the leader of the Peace Democracy, the only party that a continuation of the war, and its inevitable concomitants of enormous debt and taxation and an unpopular conscription, can strengthen, and which sooner or later must assume the government of the country, if there be a coun try left to govern, at the expiration of Mr Lin coln's second term. A little while ago the name of M'Clellan was a tower of strength. Now it is but the name of a man who for the third or fourth, and, in all probability, the last time, threw away a chance which he had not the genius or the courage to turn to advantage, and manifested to all the world, his friends as well as his foes, that he is not cast in heroic mould, or made of the stern and durable stuff that be fits a revolutionary time and a leader of the people. Mr Lincoln, it appears, hesitates to accept the resignation, and would fain offer his unsuccessful opponent a post in the Ministry or a new command in the field, if the Republican party would waive its objections and a hostile Senate confirm the appointment. Mr Lin coln, being a man, can afford to have a heart ; but political parties, like other corporations, have no heart, and are much too vindictive to be generous to a defeated foe. They are, it is understood, bringing their whole influence to bear on the President's mind to induce him to accept the resignation, and to be thankful that the General, by his own act, should have spared the Government the unpleasant duty of dismissal. it remains to be seen whether the kindly impulses of Mr Lincoln's nature or the factious promptings of his supporters will prevail. In any event, generosity and magnanimity vould be the better as well as the nobler policy, for even if Mr Lincoln should wish to conciliate the Demo cratic party by honouring its candidate, it is by no ' means certain that Gen. M'Clellan could, under any circumstances, be prevailed upon to withdraw his resignation. If not, Mr Lincoln would enjoy the tion of seeing it rejected, The presence of Mr Seward in the Cabinet con tinues to be distasteful to the extreme Republicans, as well as to that rowdy portion of the American people who are of opinion that an insolent and policy is the best, and who anti aggressive foreign cicate, if he remains in office during the diplomatic correspondence with Brazil which has grown out of the seizure of the Florid a i n th e por t o f B a hi a . h e will apologise tothe Brazilian Government, and send back the steamer to the anchorage from which she was so unjustifiably removed. Mr Lincoln, however, cannot afford to sacrifice Mr. Seward to the clamour of any section of a party, without offering him another position as agreeable to hitrself as that of the State Department. For this reason it is now rumoured that the Chief Justiceship of the Supreme Court, in succession to Mr. Taney, is at his disposal. But as Mr. Stanton—who is a better lawyer, and far more likely than Mr. Seward to ba acceptable to the legal profession—is willing to resign the War Department for the higher seat in the judiciary, it is considered most probable that Mr. Seward will remain where is, and that either General Banks or General Butler will take Mr. Stanton's place. The Government by this arrangement would gain a par tisan judge and lcso an unpopular Minister. The more clearly the facts of the seizure of the Florida became known, the uglier they look for the • rash captain whose excess of zeal has brought the country into this dilemma, and for the consular agent of the Federal Government, who aided and abetted him in the wrong. The consul, a Mr. Wilson, was forced to fly from Bahia to escape the summary judgment of the indignant populace of that city, and arrived on Saturday last at Fortress Monroe, where he immediately started for Wash ington. If the details published by the Journal do _Bahia, and reproduced yesterday morning in most of the newspapers of this city, be correct, it is diffi cult to see how the Federal Government can stop short of the immediate and ignominious dismissal i both of the captain of the Wachusets and of Consul Wilson, and the tender to Brazil of the most ample apology and reparation which it is possible to make. There are indications in the New York Times, sup. posed to be in this and other respects the organ of Mr. Seward, that the Federal Government is really aware of the enormity of the insult offered to Brazil, and fully disposed to render justice, in spite of any popular clamour that may be raised in behalf of the offending captain and consul. It is to be hoped that these indications will not prove illusory, or difficul ties may arise that a muoh stronger Government than that of Mr Lincoln might well be anxious to avoid. Gen. Butler, having served his turn in New York, takes his departure to-day for his old quarters at Bermuda Hundred, to complete the Dutch Gap Canal and co-operate with General Grant in another attempt, probably the last for this year, to capture Richuiond or Petersburg. Last night he received what the Americans delight to call an "ovation,' , which took the double shape of a public reception in the grand saloon of the Fifty Avenu c eH e o i tel,an la d a private dinner, attended b y the u creme de creme" of the loyalty of this city. It is estimated that about 1,000 persons assembled to hear the speech that it was pre-arranged Gen. Butler should make upon the Presidential election, the war, and the politics of the day. At least one-half of them were ladies in fall evening costume. An interval of hand-shaking and introduction to hundreds who desired to make the General's acquaintance having elapsed, a Mr - Wadsworth stepped out of the crowd, and made the little unimportant speech which was to elicit the great and important reply of the hero, or in this case it may be said the lion, of the evening. The General did not disappoint expecta tion, and delivered an address which, though it may not astonish the North, will certainly astonish, if it do not exasperate, the South. He declared that the peaceful re-election of Mr Lincoln was a proof that the Government was embalmed in the hearts of the people, and that consequently it was the strongest Government on earth. He thought that hereafter it would be considered more honour , . able to be draughted than to volunteer to fight the battles of a Government so beneficent—a sentiment in which it is not likely that many Americans, or many Irishmen or Germans, will be found to par• ticipate when the draught has to be enforced. He at the same time expressed another opinion which no one in either section of the once United States or in Europe is likely to controvert—that a " black man would fill as large a grave if he fell in battle as if his colour were white." Mr. Lincoln was no longer he said, the President of a minority, but of an over° whelming majority of the American people, and being such he had a great opportunity to hold out the olive branch to the South. "Now was the any defects have arisen from the recent shipment and nnshipment of her screw propeller, !Should the inspection prove satisfactory, she will be un- docked during the present spring tides, and, after making her official trial of speed at the Maplin Sands, take her place in the first division of the . _ steam reserve, to await the orders from the Admi- ralty. The screw gunvessel Torch, 6, fitting in No. 4 dock at Chatham for•the steam reserve, has shipped her six boilers, which have undergone a thorough overhaul and repair, and will complete her other repairs in the course of a few days, when she will be undocked. The first annual report of the Association for pro• viding Lodgings for Soldiers' Wives and Families at Aldershott has just been issued, The object of the association is to provide lodgings at a cheaper rate than they could be obtained by the ordinary means, and, owing to the high rents at Aldershott, it may be considered mast valuable for the benefit of the married soldier. When the former report was issued only 40 lodgings were available in that part of Aldershott called North-lane, or New town, but in January the committee took three houses in Albert-street, West end, at a rent of £65 per annum, including rates, repairs, &c., by which 17 lodgings were added to the others, with the rents at the low figure of ls. 10d. to 2s. 2d. per week for each room, partly furnished. 99 soldiers wives and 72 children have been benefited by the lodgings since these were opened, and all the time," he thought, " when it might be said to the deluded people, ' Come back, come back ! This is the last time of asking. Come back ! Leave feed• ing upon husks and live with us upon the fat of the land ! Let bygones be bygones, and our country shall be at peace for ever !' " He went on to state that he would not only offer complete oblivion of the past to the whole Southern people, but uncondi• tional pardon and amnesty to the leaders. It is to be supposed, as he made no exception that he included in this magnanimous offer of mercy Mr. Jefferson Davis, whom in the Electoral College of 1856 he strenuously supported as the most befitting candi. date for the Presidency. But, knowing that the Southern people and their leaders will refuse to come back, General Butler went on to explain what he would propose to do after his fair and final offers were rejected. On his own behalf and that of all who voted for Mr. Lin coin, he offered subjugation, confiscation, and eater mination,—war to the hilt, war until not a man should be left in the South except the negroes. " Let it be understood," he said, if this final offer be rejected, that here• after we (the North) shall pay no more bounties, but taking counsel from the Roman method of carrying on war, that we shall say to oar young men, Look to the fair fields of the sunny South, and, unless they take our amnesty, share these fair fields out among you, to belong to you and to your heirs for ever !' " The enants continue to express their satisfaction with the quarters provided for them. There is a rule most rigidly adhered to by the committee, which excludes from the benefits of the association the wives of the soldiers married without leave, but if a sufficient number of women married with leave do not apply for the lodgings then those married with• out leave who can obtain recommendations from their commanding officer are admitted. The accounts show a total balance of £74 7s 61-,d to the credit of the association. Besides a long list of donors the report gives the names of 48 guarantors of sums from £4 to £3O each, who hold themselves respons ible for the rent of any premises taken by the asso. elation up to June next. The total sum guaranteed this year amounts to £425. The names of the gua rantors have increased by seven since the half yearly report was issued in January, and include those of the Earl of Shaftesbury, Lieut. General Knollys, Col. the lion. Lord George Lennox, Vis count Eversley, Lord Calthorpe, Sir Harry Verney, Miss Nightingale, Major General Brook Taylor, Russell, Hodge, and Bates, &c. The association contemplates the extension of its operations when the funds shall be adequate. Col. Elmhirst, late 2d battalion 9th Regiment, ladies waved their white handkerchiefs and the gentlemen clapped their white-gloved hands in tes timony of their approval of this trenchant and truc ulent proposal. At the close of the speech the Rev. H. W. Beecher, one of the most delighted of the auditory, unable to restrain his enthusiasm, pro claimed that Benjamin F: Butler was the true man to be President of the United States, and then and there nominated him as successor to Mr Lincoln in having been appointed to a depot battalion, has joined the 9tII depot battalion at Colchester, in suc cession to Col. Knox, C. 8., who has received an appointment in Japan. The Rev. C. Woollett has succeeded the Rev. Dr Barry as Roman Catholic chaplain to the troops at Colchester. Leave of ab sence has been granted to Col. Laye, of the 9th depot battalion, and commander of the troops sta tioned at Harwich and Landguard Fort, from Dec. 1, 1864, to January 31, 1865. Capt. Cotton, of the 97th, has proceeded to Landguard Fort to take the command during the absence of Col. Laye. Lieut.-Col. Gleig, R. A., Assist.-Inspector of Army Schools, concluded on Friday his annual in. spection of the schools at Colchester. We have to announce the death of Gen, Wyn yard, C. 8., colonel of the 58th Regiment of Foot, which occurred on Thursday last. The late General Buckley Wynyard was formerly in the Grenadier Guards, and, obtaining the rank of colonel of that regiment, was.appointed aide-decamp to William IV. He served with the army in Sicily from 1808 to March, 1810, when he was severely wounded at the attack on Santa Maura, for which ho subse quently obtained the brevet rank of major. He was also present and on the staff with the force that occupied Ischia and Procida. He was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1846, and was appointed Colonel of the 58th (Rutlandshire) Regiment of Foot in January, 1851, which of course becomes at the disposal of the Duke of Cambridge. His commissions bore date as follows :—Ensign, December 17, 1803—Lieut. and Captain, January 7, :808—Brevet :Major, March 25, 1813—Captain and Lieut. Colonel, April 28,1814—Colonel, July 22, 1830—Major General, November 23, 1811— Lieut. General, November 13, 1831—and General, January 28, 1860. The death is announced at Jersey of Dr. Park, surgeon of the 16th Lancers. The deceased left Col chester on Saturday week on a leave of absence for two months. rlnd . neoceedea I only nerPrea m.r..1 a iuw ucur.s when he died. Dr. Park had an attack of paralysis some time since. The following appointments were made on Satura day at the Admiralty :—Dr T. Milne, assist.-surg., to the Jackal—Dyes Duckworth, Alfred Brand, and Philip Cowen, assist.-surgs., to the Royal Adelaide, for Plymouth Hospital—Conrad C. Wimberley, Archibald T. Robertson, and E. W. Doyld, acting assist.- surgs., to the Victory, for Hislar Hospital W. Sutton (B), chief engineer to the Cum• berland, for the Serpent—W. It. Lesson, engineer, to the Indus, for the Bann —and W. Roberts, engi neer, to the Indus, for the Asp, 1868- " I beg you all distinctly to understand," added Mr Beecher with his customary jocosity, " that Ido not nominate him." On this arose cries from all parts of the room of " You do, you do !'' " Butler fqr President !" "Butler for ever I" Mr. H. Greeley, having been observed in the crowd was called upon in the usual manner for a speech ; but the philosopher was too discreet to commit himself, and disappeared, like Beecher, behind the conve. nient hoops of applauding beauty. The General himself, and his more intimate associates, took ad. vantage of the lull to withdraw to the dinner which awaited them. What passed at the table history may perhaps record hereafter. At present nothing is known of the proceedings, except that the Gene ral's health was drunk with all the honours as the "coming man" of America—the next and the great est of all the Presidents, Geo. Washington alone exs cepted. There may be a doubt in some minds of the General's fitness for the place ; but there can scarcely be a doubt that, fit or unfit, the Northern people deserve him. The state of military affairs may be very briefly described. Ail is quiet before Petersburg and Rich mond, bat an offensive 'movement oa the part of Gen. Grant is daily anticipated. General Sheridan holds the upper portion of the Shenandoah Valley, but his tenure is precarious. The grand naval assault upon Wilmington, in consequence of the inability of General Grant to spare a co-operating land force, has been postponed, if not abandoned ; and General Sherman, without destroying and evacuating Atlanta, es was erroneously reported, has disappeared with his whole army, and gone no one knows whither. His mysterious movement is differently interpreted. Some military critics assert that he is advancing upon Charleston, a long, a weary, and a dangerous march from Chattanooga. Others, both military and civilian, insist that Sa vannah is his object. Others, again, will listen to explanation thaA will not Adrnit_MoltileL to be pazo liettitrisTWHlTe a rti FIT(ITATo of the mystified public declares that Lynchburg, the real key to Richmond, is to be seized,and that General Sherman, with that instrument in his pos session, will forthwith unlock the gates of the Con federate capital, and march into it from the one side while General Grant enters from the other. The Southern journals hint at great events as likely to occur immediately in Georgia —so that on both sides of the Potomac the expectations of the public are excited, and, the party politics of the election having bad their day, attention again reverts to the war and to the closing scenes of the not very brilliant or decisive campaign of 1864. The Loss of the William Graham. OFFICIAL REPORT. To the Right Honourable the Lords Olthe Committee of Privy Council for Trade. My Lords,—l beg to report, for the information of your inquiry which I have held, in nj un c Harris an d B a k er as na utical lordships,coconjunction n the with result Captains assessors, into the loss of the ship William Graham, which was wrecked in R 95803 Bay, on the coast of Donegal, on the i n 1859, regist ere d in Liverpool of 653 tons, 19th October last. The William Graham was built of wood, Mr John Rit c hi e, of the same p l ace . She a a n t d B lt was i more , owned y sailed from Miramichi the 28th Sept., with a full cargo of timber, bound for Belfast. She was commanded by Mr G. Hewison, who holds a certificate of service, dated in 1851, and had a crew of 16, all told, and carded as passengers one woman and three children. O n th e 18 t h 0 2 t o b a r the ship at noon was, by observation, in lat 55 28 N. long 12 35 W., from which pcsition a course was steered S.E. and by E., at about six knots an hour, for the coast of Ireland; but it doe s no t a ppear from the evidence of the chief mate, or from the statement of th e captain, that the bearing and distance of any of the headland s were ca l cu l a t e d. At 6 a,m. on the 19th the Irish coast wa s s i g h te d , an d b y the cross bearings of the Island of Aranm ore an d Bl oo d y F ore land the ship's position was ascertained to be about 26 miles S.E. of the latter. At this time the wind had fallen light, varying to the eastward, and the ship thick land was lost si g h t of tillW3 aB 3o p goi ng the starboard tack, with all pl a i n sail set. At 8 a . m . the ship was tacked to the south war d and eastward, t h e b re eze gra dually increasing fro m the N.E. The weat h er b ecom ing about when l t ey madknotse n a lighthouse on the starboard bow, which the master took to be the Faunet Light, a t th e entrance to Loughsw illy. As the weather was thre a t ening and the ship making wate r, th e master determined t o anchor for the n i g ht. Some time after having rou n d e d the headland, a b oa t was seen right ahead, making fo r t h e ship. This prove d t o b e th e bo a t of a man named M'Aaby, who came within hail. Sung out to them to back the mainyard, but ho failed in an attempt to board the vessel. In a very short time afterwards another boat came alongside ) b e l ong i ng t o man named O'Donnell, who succeeded in getting on board, and announced himself as a local pilot for the Rosses and Rutland Harbour. He informed the master that ho was mistaken in supposing he was running into Loughswilly, telling him that he was 40 miles to the westward of that port, and that it was Aran more Island that was on his starboard hand. He offered to pilot him to a safe passage up the bay, which ho in. formed him was Reeser Bay. The master, however, do dined his services, on the plea that he was not a licensed pilot, and that ho would run his ship in h imself . Some further conversatio n t oo k place as they proceeded up tho bay, and, whe n a b reast of the perc h, the master asked O'Donnell for what sum he would take charge of the vessel, who said that he would leave his remuneration to the autho rities on shore, adding that it was too late then, and that he would have his ship aground in five minutes, but that if he gave him char ge h e would groun d her in a safer place than she was making f or. At this point, for the first time , according to the ev id ence o f th e mate and the statement of the master, th e l ea d was or d ere d to be hove, and, as the master went to his cabin to consult his charts, the result of the cast told him that they were in five fathoms. They then began to reduce sail, with the intention of anchor ing ; but, perceiving a rock a head, the helm was put hard a-starboard by order of the chief mate, and almost at the same moment the ship took the ground, and even tually became a total wreck. The cargo was subsequently discharged. in commenting upon this case, it must be re marked that the master was navigating his vessel by an old chart of 1858, and consequently could have no notice of the new lighthouse on Aranmore, which is advertised to be let on the Ist of February next, Notwithstanding his previous calcul a ti ons , w hich would seem to have been correct, upon se e ing the new lighthouse he rushed rHE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 28, 1864. to a conclusion that they were erroneous; that ho was at the entrance of Loughswilly, and that the lighthouse in question was that on Fannet Point, whereupon he deter mined to run in to anchor for the nigh+. The master and the mate both appear to have been unacquainted with Loughswilly, and may therefore more readily have fallen into the error which proved so fatal. But I cannot exone • rate the master, in that, when ho was subsequently in formed of his position and warned of his danger, he obsti nately persisted in boldly standing on up an unknown bay without keeping his lead going, or even taking a cast till it was too late to be of the slightest avail, a rock being right ahead and the ship on the point of striking. I feel bound, therefore, to pronounce the master in default, as he neglected to exercise that prudent caution which was necessary under the circumstances, and which it is incum bent on every master of a ship to observe. Taking all these circumstances into consideration, and bearing in mind that the master is a man of mature age, and produced before the court excellent testimonials to character, I have not been disposed to pass a severe sentence, but I have suspended his certificate for six calendar months,--I have, &0., T. S. RArrLEs, Police, Magistrato. Liverpool, Nov. 21, 1864. We concur in this report. H. ILuturs, Nautical Assessors; R. B. BAKER, SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. THE 4 LONDON REVIEW" ON DR. S➢IETHURST.— The Muller discussion has—somewhat unnecessarily —dragged again into daylight the figure of a man to whom obscurity and oblivion might have been a welcome boon. Dr. Smethurst has been in death's antechamber, the condemned cell, and has re turned from it safe and sound into the outer world. Twelve jurymen, upon the evi• deuce presented to them, some years ago considered Ena guilty of a base and villainous murder; but the Secretary of State, with the con currence of careful and wise advisers, hesitated as to the conclusiveness of the proof, and Dr. Smethurst was allowed to come back again among his fellow men. The incidental mention of his case in a leading article has given him voice and courage to speak, and after the lapse of some time he once more dares the English public to say that he has been guilty. That veadict the English public, once upon a time, pronounced with out much hesitation. An afterthought, the re- suit either of mat urer reflection or of administrative irresolution, caused it to be unsaid, and left Dr. Smethurst in the attitude of a man suspended be- tween innocence and guilt. No newspaper discussion can alter his delicate position. When all has been said that can be said, the conclusion must still be the same. It is not certain that Dr. Smethurst foully and in cold blood poisoned the woman he had shamefully seduced : otherwise he would before now have met the fate of Muller. On the other hand, it is not certain that he did not poison her; other wise he would never have been so near death as the condemned cell. Between the two extremities of certainty lies a whole misty region of probabili ties. Whether, on the whole, Dr Smethust must be regarded as a lucky or an unlucky person, is a question that will be answered differently by every one, according to his familiarity with the precise facts of Dr. Smethurst's case. There is only one person living who can make sure of answering it correctly, and that person is Dr. Smethurst himself. A discussion which, at most, can end in nothing more than the state of doubt above described, is hardly worth prolonging. Against the Old Bailey jurymen and Dr. Taylor, Dr. Smethurst is entitled to set-off the " not proven" verdict of Sir G. Grey and Sir Benjamin Brodie. But it is ridiculous, after an interval of some years, to ask the readers of the Times to arbitrate decisively between those who sent Dr. Smethurst to the gallows and those who saved him from it, The materials are wanting for an exhaustive review of his case. If they were all exhumed again, they would only plunge us into the same difficulties as before. For the question is not whether Dr. Smethurst can prove his innocence that he cannot pretend to do. Positive evidence in his favour there is next to none, owing possibly, it may be said, to the singular circumstances of his story. He can only repeat, therefore, that his crime has not been proved, and so much, after a pardon from the Crown, he has fairly a right to maintain. The exact distance at which he stands, and ought to stand, from conviction is a quantity that has no measure. The law of England requires no man to raeasur9 it. We shall not attempt to do so, and he has a right to the benefit of the darkness in which his history is involved. Dr. Smethurst,indeed, seems to ba dissatisfied with bring left by his fellowmen under this necessary cloud. That is a matter not be tween Dr. Smethurst and the press, but between Dr. Smethurst and his acquaintances. If his character and habits are such as to outweigh all the suspi cious circumstances of the death of the unhappy Miss Binkes, it is probable that he has the full benefit of an unblemished life and temper, when ever those about him bum up the evidence on both sides in the recesses of their own minds, In ordi nary lire men are obliged continually to act upon far less evidence than the law requires for the con- viction and condemnation of a criminal. They have to act upon rumour and hearsay, suspicion arid instinct. So long as there is as much against him as there is, 1)r. Smethurst may ask the werld not to pronounce him guilty, but can hardly expect vici.ety_ to welcome him into its drawing-rooms. oocluty crnatn, 171,11 1:7 sift. it. It punishes not so much dishonour as the sue. pie,ion of dishonour. It strips cff a reputation with little ceremony, long before the reputation is abso lutely threadbare, dealing out a rough and ready justice, and often sacrificing an individual for the sake of its own paramount interest. The theory of the law is that every one is to be presumed inno cent till shown satisfactorily to be the reverse. This is not the theory of society ; if it were, we should have our houses filled with unconvicted or reviled villains, and oar wives and daughters mixing from morning to night in the polluted at mosphere of undetected vice. The cordon which men draw round themselves in private life for self-pro tection, is stricter the cordon drawn around them by justice and the police ; and if Dr. Smethurst has a right to all civil privileges till he is demon strated to be a murderer, ho will find he loses most of his social privileges until he demonstrates his fnnocence. This is not a hardship upon him in particular—it is a necessity arising from the nature of things, which his expostulations to the Polished or violent will fail altogether to re move. Nor is it even in Dr. Smethurst's case necessary for society to discuss the balance of probabilities, either for him or against him. Dr Smethurst may not be a murderer, nor have we a right to call him one; but ho has, at all events, a past history, which travels with him in his train. An assassin the law does not consider him, nor do we cast a stone against him ; but he is an adulterer, a perjured person, a seducer, and a bigamist. Miss Bankes may not have been poisoned. At any rat; she was seduced, just as Smethurst's own wife was deserted and deceived. This is enough for most men, and would perhaps render cautious people disin clined for the gentleman's acquaintance, Because a man commits one crime, the law certainly does not infer that he is likely to commit another. In ordi nary life people are sometimes in this respect less charitable than the law ; but let that pass. There can, however, be no doubt that a catalogue of sins ought, upon the whole, to be a drawback to a medi mil man's progress in his profession; aryl the taint, of which Dr Smethurst complains as enveloping him and his, might not be entirely removed if an angel from heaven descended at Westminster Hall to in form the Lord Chief Baron and the public that Miss Bankes had administered arsenic and antimony to herself. Miss Bankes, at all events, did not seduce herself. Even a sham ceremony of marriage requires two persons to go through with it. Nor was it Miss Bankes who upon her deathbed wrote a letter to the bedridden Mrs Smethurst to say that she might expect the Doctor home again presently. The in soluble problem, then, of Dr Smethurst's guilt or innocence of the capital charge is a less practical one than at first sight might appear. It is enough for quiet observers if he is condemned upon the minor counts in the indictment. The social punish ment which he is undergoing may be severe, but is not altogether undeserved. If in suffering it he is not expiating one offence, ho is doubtless expiating another. THE 4 ‘ SATURDAY REVIEW" ON REDUCTION OF EXPENDITURE.—There is probably some truth in the rumour that the Army and Navy Estimates are to be reduced ; but the zealous interpreters and advo cates of aMinisterial policy which is yet undisclosed are imprudent, as well as premature, in their argue ments for sudden economy. The Government is not likely to proclaim its complete conversion to the doctrines of its most bitter adversaries by adopting the language, as well as the policy, of the Peace Society. Parliament, even on the eve of a general election, will be indisposed to declare by its votes that an extensive naval and military organisation has become unnecessary, because public opinion was a year ago utterly opposed to an unjust and inexpe dient rupture with Germany. As long as Lord Palmerston remains at the head of the Government, there will be no formal and professed disarmament. Like other politicians, the Prime Minister has re peatedly exposed himself to the charge of inconsise tency in dealing with questions which others might consider of primary importance. Reform Bills and Church Rates involve serious issues of principle and practice, but they concern Lord Palmerston only as the choice of an opera might concern a manager who had no ear for music. It is his business not to gratify a personal preference, but to consult the tasteofhis audience, and to make his theatre pay. Ina period of violent domestic or constitutional controversies, Lord Palmereton would not have been for ten years Naval and Military Intelligence. VALETTA, Nov. 22.—Her Majesty's ship Orlando, 46, Capt. G. G. Randolph, arrived on the 16th inst. from Tunis and Monastir, and the Assurance, 4, Commander H. B. Woollcombe, arrived on the same day from Gibraltar and England, to sapply the place of the Foxhound, 4, Commander W. H. Anderson, which has b3en paid off. None of the bodies of the unfortunate officers and men belonging to the Orlando drowned by the upset. ting of a boat, have been recovered, but it is re• ported that the body of a seaman was seen at sea 30 miles to the westward of Tunis, and that the Tyrian gunboat had been despatched in search of it. Her Majesty's paddlewheel sloop Trident, 3, Commander C. J. Balfour, left Malta harbour yesterday for Eng. land to be paid off. The Revenge, 73, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral H. R. Yclverton, C. 8,, Capt. the lion. F. A, Foley, was at Palermo on the 10th Test., having arrived there from Syracuse on her way to Port Mahone. The Austrian screw gunboat See. hund, Commander C. Kronnowitter, arrived on the 16th inst. from Poit Mahone, and left on the 21st for Corfu. The Austrian ironclad frigate Don Juan d'Austria, and paddlewheel steamer Elizabetta, which arrived on the 15th inst. from the Baltic, con tinued their route the same day for Polo. The Tunisian Government steamer Beehir, having on board Gen. Khaireddin, envoy of the Bey of Tunis, to the Sultan, arrived here on the 16th from Tunis, and, after replenishing coals, left for Constantinople. The following ships belonging to the Mediterranean squadron are now in port :—The Gibraltar, 81 (bearing the flag of the Commanderbin%Chief) ; Hi. hernia, receiving ship (bearing the flag of the Admi ral Superintendent of the Naval Arsenal); Meeanee, 60; Orlando, 46; Royal Oak, 35, ironclad; Resist. anon, 16,-ironclad; Assurance, 4; Boxer, 2; Growler, 2; Wizard, 2; and tug Hearty. Her Majesty's ship Cossack, 20, Capt, W. R. Rolland, is on her way hither from the coast of Syria, the Phoebe, 35, Capt. T. D.:Fortescue, having gone to relieve her. The screw steam gunvessel Espoir, 5, left Ply mouth on Friday morning for the West Coast of Africa. The screw steam corvette Jason, 21, from the West Indies, which arrived at Plymouth on the 17th inst., is now alongside the jetty in Devonport dockyard, dismantling. On Friday afternoon Capt. Von Donop was walking on the jetty, when an unexpected gust of wind blew him overboard. Several men were at the time at work on some staging alongside the ship, and four of them jumped immediately into the water and rescued their com manding officer. The paddlewheel steam vessel Medusa, Master• Commanding John H. Allard, has left Plymouth in search of a merchant vessel abandoned in the Chan. nel. The Cadmus, 21, 400 horse power, was floated into No. 3 dock at Chatham on Saturday, at spring tide, and this morning a careful inspection of her stornpost and rudderpost will be made by the mas pwright's stair, in order to asc er t a i n w h et h er tersshi the foremost statesman of the country. Where his habits of thought and convictions are in issue, been more remarkable for tenacity no Minister hen hange which has taken of purpose. The grew r modified Lord place in popular opinion has nes': . indepen. e Palmerston 's determination to uphold te deuce of Turkey, nor have the remonstrances tn" his own partisans induced him to withdraw a single cruiser from the coast of Africa. From his first en trance into public life he has supported every pro posal for the maintenance and increase of the national defences. Sir It. Peel also was pliable under the pres sure of circumstances, but in his own special depart ment he was firm and consistent. Nothing would have induced him to produce a Budget without an esti mated surplus, or to sanction an issue of unsecured paper currency. If Lord Palmerston has really consented to become a servile follower of Mr. Cobden he will have practically admitted that he has clung too long to office. It would be better to make way for Mr Gladstone, or even to give Mr Disraeli the opportunity of abolishing the bloated armaments which he has denounced in Opposition. The present Government would only expose itself to ridicule and contempt by becoming suddenly convinced that the national armaments are main.. tained, at great cost, for no purpose of practical utility. The House of Commons itself, having, in the matter of public defences, come in like a lion, may perhaps appreciate the absurdity of going out like a lamb. The experience of twenty years has proved to demonstration the necessity of maintain ing an efficient army and navy. The celebrated estimates of 1835 were found to be inadequate to the public wants in the middle of the most peace. able period of modern times. They had been already largely exceeded when the Egyptian or Syrian dispute of 1840 found the country unprepared for the imminent danger of a war with France ; and two or three years later, during the angry corres pondence with M. Guizot on the business of Ota heite, there was scarcely an English ship in the Channel, or a regiment which could have been sent to the coast. The Continental revolutions of 1848, and the re-establishment of absolute monarchy in France in 1851, created panics in England which were not the less discreditable because they were well-founded. In 1854 the Crimean expedition ex posed defects of organisation which were but partially excused by a peace of forty years. At the end of the war there was a natural demand for a large reduction of expenditure, and consequently, at the beginning of 1858, the country was exposed to painful agitation because the Emperor of the French allowed some ill...bred officers in his army to utter insolent menaces to England. The enor mous expenditure of the four or five subsequent years forms the most conclusive argument against hasty and extravagant reductions. Periodical panics are as expensive as they are unbecoming, and they can be effectually prevented only by a consciousness of strength. There is probably room for a diminution of expenditure in the navy, if not in the army; but a Ministry would disgrace itself by disbanding large numbers of trained sea• men, at the risk of having hereafter to employ a rabble of landsmen like the crews of Sir C. Napier's Baltic fleet. The official caprice which lays up tur ret ships in ordinary, and embarks admirals in wooden three-deckers, has no relation to any ques tion of national or financial policy. A government can scarcely claim the confidence of the country on the ground that it intends neither to make bonfires of banksnotes nor to throw heaps of sovereigns into the sea. It is apparently necessary that a certain amount of maladministration should be perpetrated, but even Secretaries of the Admiralty profess to explain successive blunders. if the War Office and the Admiralty at any future time become economical and efficient, the reform will constitute an inestim• able public service, but it will not be recommended by the reflection that, because Schleswig has been conquered, it is inconsistent to go to war on any other provocation. It costs much less to exhibit strength than to exert it. If Lord Aberdeen and Mr Gladstone had spent two or three millions in arming in 1863, twenty times the amount would have been saved, because the Emperor Nicholas would have discovered that the English Govern.. ment were in earnest. Two years ago, after the Trent outrage, a wiser policy averted, at the mode• rate expense of a million and a half, an American war which would otherwise have almost cer tainly occurred. There is a certain risk in professed unwillingness to go to war, but foreign Govern ments are aware that popular feeling may change, and that it is unsafe to presume too far on volun tary patience. Obvious inability to fight has a more direct tendency to invite encroachment. As the English nation, not withstanding all its pacific ten dencies and professions, is not gifted with inexhaus. tible tolerance, peace and goodwill are most effectu ally prompted by a policy which discourages insult and injury. Tr%e most friendly feelings towards France are perfectly consistent with the recollection that, on the other side of the Channel, at least two hundred thousand men are at all times ready for immediate service abroad. In less than six weeks the French army con be raised to its full number of six hundred thousand men, and every State on the Continent maintains a force on nearly an equal scale. The United States of America, lying beyond the reach of possible in vasion, dispensed till five years age with a standing army—but since the commencement of the war, the two sections of the former Republic have raised three millions of men, and spent six or seven hun dred millions sterling-Iml the Northern Governs - merit alone is now speeding more than half a million a day. It is scarcely the moment for Lord Palmerston to announce his conversion to a belief in the universality and perpetuity of peace. 'There is happily no special reason for apprehending any European collision, nor are the Americans likely in the ensuing year to attempt to include Canada in their area of freedom—but the smallest proportional army in the world can scarcely afford at present to be largely reduced. If it should be thought de sirable, before the impending dissolution, to bribe the constituencies by an exceptional remission of taxes, it will be at least prudent to find some plau sible excuse for a total change of policy. Mr Cobden and Mr Bright are entitled to the copyright of the old Peace Society fallacies—and Mr Cobden him self has repeatedly insisted on, the necessity of maintaining English supremacy at sea. There is reason to hope that a considerable balance will he legitimately available for the relief of taxpayers. 'rhe revenue hes been even more than usually elastic during the present year, and the heavy charge for shipbuilding which has lately been incurred ought to have diminished the necessity for a large addi tional outlay. The Miscellaneous Estimates scarcely admit of reduction. There is no clamour more un reasonable than the complaint that a sum not amounting to a million is spent in modifying, to a limited extent, the unfair burden which is laid on the liberal and enlightened part of the community by the necessity of providing, either at public or private expense, for popular education. The charge for the administration of justice, for jails, and for many other branches of the public service, neces sarily increases with the growth of wealth and population. With continued prosperity, the gra dual reduction of the charge on the National Debt will probably do more than cover the simultaneous increase of the Miscellaneous Estimates. " THE SPECTATOR" ON MR COBDEN FOR PREMIER. — Mr Cobden has been vary frank at Rochdale. Ho has ex- plained to his constituents how his virtues have stood in the way of his attaining to the Premiership ; and in spite of this mortifying result he has had the courage not to regret his virtues, but on the contrary, to prefer virtue to power. The obstacle, the only obstacle, is that he will not flatter the people of England, but tells them the truth about themselves, and especially that he discourages their interest in foreign politics, reminds them that foreign affairs aro not their‘own affairs, and that they would do well not to meddle even by speech lie matters from which they are bound to hold back the hands of their Government. " If," ho says, " I would only flatter you instead of talking these home truths, I be lieve I might be Prime Minister. If I would say that you are the wisest, the best, and the happiest people in the whole world, I have no doubt that I might be Prime Minister. I have seen Primo Ministers made by this process. It is not my custom to court momentary popularity, but I always get it back afterwards with exorbitant and even luxurious inte rest, far more than I deserve." Well, if that be so, and Mr Cobden has always received his deferred instalments of popularity with a really satisfactory business interest for the period over which the discount runs, ho has scarcely explained perhaps how it is that at the seasons when the the principal and interest came in ho was not made Prime Minister. It is precisely statesmen who have given wise advice when it was unwelcome who are most eagerly called for by the popular voice when the wisdom of their advice has become apparent. We feel a sincere admiration for Mr Cobden's intellectual power and political achievements, but amongst a few problems which wo are persuaded ho is incompetent to solve, is a true estimate of the reason why he has not become Prime Minister. Even many inferior intellects—and there are very few intellects in England which aro not Metier to Mr Cobden's in the force with which they can grasp and the perspicuity with which they can illus!rate practical principles within a moderate compass in themselves, but ramifying into distant and complex consequences —may really assist Mr Cobden in the solu tion of this question ; ono of certainly considerable interest to himself, and not by any means without solid interest for Englishmen in general, since it is clearly no unimportant question why a man of integrity, of the highest practical ability of a certain kind, who has rendered one first-rate political service to his country, and quite recently supple mented it by another lees remarkable, but of no ordinary merit, should be, as we think Mr Cobden is, quite out of the list of even possible Prime Ministers. First, it is certainly not because Mr Cobden is a manufacturer and a middle-class man—though it is in great measure because Mr Cobden has never allowed his mind to escape from the strong trammels of manufacturer and middle-class prejudices. We do not under-estimate the vast advantage of high birth and high to.°. ee , t social connections to the politician, but these etre ifeW° rfail chiefly at the start, and Mr Cobden's ability and achieve' meats have been of a kind to make his oeiginal rank a q uer tion of no importance, if only ho did net so constanti! remind the world that he does not belong to thiet republ. in dieelitar t n of political letters where all are equal except in gifts, by pouring forth private grudges against the calturet Lif ages, and against the acts of aristrocratic statesmen,° b eeaue ,e they have done amiss, but because they arbor i. erotic. Mr Gekden no doubt suspects it very little, tit still true that eve); in this speech we can find for ag°°'_ many bettex reasons why he cannot be P remier than the e_eer he has found for himself. We venture to suggest that 11/ . Cobden's reason for thinking the g eo g ra p h y of the gisr... sippi more important to young men at the tinivereity the geography of the ILssus—namely, that he once WA: the latter stream dammo,4 up by a few Athenian 1511 00th it tbro.ago; while the Mississippi wit:i its tributaries flows 20,000 miles of navigable wavers —is at least one ground, and p:obably a sufficient Site , declining declining to put him at the heat: of the Englislif_eo ultivating The man who could measure the e: era into the Gulf of Mesta, r its of knowledge on the mind of se young 13 / th yt P utility for practical affairs—who could :L-;d seeing utility America, with its rude though gigantic preps'ese'oecci istence, its not merely unfinished but almost U 1 tig civilisation, its tentative literature, its germinal socieh• political log-huts of State constitutions, fie not a etu d iL l e discipline undisciplined understandings and form the 'Pri, tastes of youth—nay, that for such a task we mu st go bti to the only era which, however imperfect in its eletael l was at least complete and ,harmonious itself-01,y have that finer judgment which, though it may not be 0 main instrument of the politician, is almost as eseet l66l f political knowledge or sagacity itself for the regulatiell oci our internal affairs, Mr Cobden evidently considers it far more importance for young men to know the populadc* e'eb of Chicago—" a place of 150,000 inhabitants, f rom one or two millions of people in our country are anlide fed"—then to know what kind of a world was that la v Attica some dozen of whose citizens have fed the D 2f11 ,;0 Europe for the last 2,000 years. We know what reb'". value Mr Cobden attaches to a single issue of the rent m ; probably he would now prefer to substitute th e 0071/" Star to " all the works of Thucydides," and w e c1 1 1 , 1 :4 . think he has been more fortunate with the MisaissiPP`"ol the Ilissus, even though Athenian washerwomen did him a momentary exultation by damming up the latt er will be centuries at least before the exports from th e l l * ol sissippi, with all its 20,000 miles of navigable water* f oe equal in " real value" the intellectual exports from thildi cient Piraeus. There are other confessions in Mr Co speech which we cannot but think far more fetal t l ce i selection as Prime Minister than that virtuous 116 b. his of refusing to flatter the English people; for 0110 P: his very peculiar view that for England to have a' reign policy at all is very much the same as for P 7,4, dale to manage the municipal affairs of Leeds or 13 Tir burn, instead of attending to its own; and that ° to e virtue he inculcates, at the sacrifice of 0° em o ° " m omentary popularity," on the English people , re : in expressing expressing even their sympathy with other na7 if we cannot avoid feeling sympathy with the people 4 countries, he says, we should at least do well to a void .)het expression of our feeling, a duty in the discharge ° f ,, ,, li tel Mr Cobden sets us all so practical an example by the last hour of his speech to an admirable expressi°P,,ialli sympathy with the cause of the freemen of the VIO against the rebel slaveholders of the Southern States' to truth is that though Mr Cobden has never gi le ,„ llu lld, party " what was meant for mankind," his strong 'l zo tio' has been unfortunately limited by the narrow V A T ', the world of ideas in which he was educatede--461"4- es , not the sort of limitation which England can els" — , 11 0 Prime Minister. The benefits he has conferred 1117°1111011 nation are almost immeasurable in degree, but tir e d lectually analogous to those eonferred upon it byA rl ; f I Mr Cobden has as it were enriched us , in goliligll trade, with a moral spinning - jenny, which has 01e;0, the resources and indirectly also the comfort,edast;:t" moral strength of England beyond all calcul ation. " of, almost all inventors of this class, he can th ink °f 11000 benefit to his country except some further extols° same machinery. COUNTRY MARKETS• GRANTHAM—SATURDAY. .f Old white wheat, 42s to 458; red, 39 s to 41g r - "; new white, 40s to 44s ; red, 3 8 s to 40 s. Maltingd. 32s to 36s per qr ; grinding, 26 s to 28 s ; oats, '36g. 275; new, 22a to24s; beans, 368 to 435; peas, 34s LEIESTER—. lg Old white wheat, 40s to 42s SATURDAY red, 33s to, rat f ,d, stone. New white, 40s to 42 s per 36 stone. Alaib,-',liA 0 :4 1 new, 30s to 33s per qr.; grinding, 28 s t o 30s; per 26s to 28s; new oats, 2'2E4 to 25s per 24 stons4, o t, old, 38s to 42s per 38 stone ; flour , 31s to 393 per ' NORWICH—SATuRDAY. -d 4 V There was a middling show of wheat a market to woo so l Ler all good qualities the prices of last week ~,r j eft supported. There was again a liberal show of opera ' the demand was moderate at previous rates. other articles as last week. 366° White wheat. 44s to 45s l Red wheat ........ Malting barley ...31s to 3:'s Chsvalier b a rleY• • •, 2 4 s to Distilling do . 27s to 28s 0at5......... •• • ' l 4act' Flour, 26s Od to 28s Od per sack from th° NOTTINGHAM—SAT-vim/a. ts'"tit Sas 00 White wheat, from 42s to 50s ; red w heat, os , Barley—malting, 288 to 33s ; grinding, 27 5 t° ti ola old, at 25s to 30s Od; new, 22s to 255. liev tus to 438 per qr, ; new, 37 8 to OW :flour, fine, 283 to 30s; super, 32s to 37s P 0 0 YORK— SATURDAY. OP e We had a fair supply of wheat on off er fro" th ia e te P this morning, and a tolerably good trade doing' .04 being well supported. oil w i ji Wheat, red 38s to 400 Oats.... ....... 400 t" 3 / 1 White do ..... 4os to 45s Beans ........... ....0 0 sOl Barley .27s to 32s Peas ......... •••ifionff Malt, 58s to °Os per qr. ; rye, 30s per qr• ; to 32s per sack. -- , il! a. 0. A ,0/0 to)s Oatmeal ..... 10 v. 0 Beans ..... 0 1 ,0 Bere . ....... 0 id I° o 0 0 Rapeseed ... • 0 Bakers' flour 0 Indian corn .. 2 •FRIDAY. DUBLIN. ' s. d. s. d. Wheat, white.. 22 0 to 23 6 Do., red .. 20 0 to 21 6 Do., new .... 0 to 0 Barley Oats Do., black lO 0 to 11 0 CORK—FRIDAY. rnl o. ' lol' The following were the quotations this bor,ej • do wheat, 7s 8d to 8s 3d ; white, Ss Od to Ss 7o 50 Gd to 7s 3d ; oats, Gs 4d to 7s 3d ; black ~ Cs Od; here, —s Od. Foreign Mail Packet Lie. 4. l 9' MAILS.DUE. De ° 0' Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton. .... Dec, v;ft Marseilles' ....... ' e c ' Brazil and Cape Voris, by British padiot. ...... • igol'b Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Beleuoi'veo•O China, Penang, and Singapore, via SouthamPt °ll 'se , via Marseilles .. • Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton ................. I . pee' ;, , s' India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southamp ton ' pla' 0 via M ars eilles. .• .So l• 6 , India (Bombay), via Southampton ...... . .... . 90), via Marseilles ................ Do. 0 Portuga1.... Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton ..... 1 0.0 via Marseilles ........ lcl• Newfoundland ..........................•••.' 0' Oporto and Vigo ............. /. lof U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.. • • 7 by U.S. I tteket... t :l4 of ll by Canadian pac ke . 9 0. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe ....... sof'.o West Indies and Pacific .,. ...... ' I VO J i 4. Bahamas (via New York) .................... ' rio F Bermuda (ditt0).... .. Cuba and Mexico [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Holloway's Ointment str d i d l Instant Relief.—lndisputable remedies for bit dirr o il wounds, sores, and u'cers.—lf used according t ° given with them, there is no wound, bad le,g,,diPP4 sore, or bad breast, however obstinate or long o'r 0 , will yield to these healing and curative propertleailloy hers of persons who have been patients in en v :', 3 0 1 large hospitals and under the care of enanie ll "bet ° j without deriving the slightest benefit, h ave boil e t lie d cured by Holloway's ointment and pills . In 81 orif ) t, swellings, tumours, scurvy, and diseases of tile e tfe°„' i or is no medicine that can be used with so good al l no fact, in the worst forms of disease, dependent 1113';‘,. dition of the blood, these medicines are irresistibi Births. DAWSON.—On the 25th inst., the wifo of W Esq., of Hyde-vale, Blackheath, of a son. dr IlorxiNsoN.—On the 25th inst., at 29, _Easton" ir Wm. Hopkinson, of a son. LArrEn.—On the 25th inst„ at 29, liensingto. " wile of Lawrence Latter, of a son. Marriage& k At al / BOItRADAILE—CARNEGIE,—On the 24 th insViie, fish Embassy, Paris, the Rev. R. H. Borrae:. C ley, Dorking, to Leila Scott, daughter of )16.1°' C.B. t 1 . 4 GRANTHAM—BLAKEIL —On the 24th ins"' 0 11 , t ° F Sussex, Edward Gratham, Esq., of Levf„ e t oeri youngest daughter oft he late Nathaniel 9' of Preston, d i Deaths. tlit C ‘ ° DEWES.—On the 22d inst., at Kingston, 1'04851 ~, 1 4( ' mender George Bourchier Dawes. ~a r ., ~, KNIGHT.—On the 23d inst., at Berkeler EV ~ p . P . Knight, aged 32. ..„.„ Ou r 4 LADDER.—On the 22d inst., at Greenhill 1-1 6 ,00 0 burgh, Lady Dick Lauder, aged 79. 0 11 OURRL—On the 25th inst ~a at Walviorlby 1 / Ourry, Esq., aged 72. . 5 ,, P e ? WRIGIIT.—On the 24th inst., at CadebY R ec ,, t o ° r r l , A tershire. the Rev. Henry Wright, 01 $ o w po r ti ' Cheshire. a tree t ' o l? WYNYARD.—On the 24th inst. at 27, Cliote r 0 " . 13,' ' don, General Edward Buckley Wynyar d, - of the 58th Regt , aged 76. 0 0 0 4 A AP 113° `1. 0 ; 1 ; London: Primed and P. bashed by NVILLI II Thoo e ,tr of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at T AE 5 115 - die 6 ' Strand, to the Precinct of the Savoy, 'll 5115 t he November 28, 160.