The Sun. — London, England, 1863-11-21 00:00:00

IRELAND. DUBLIN, Nov. 20. THE EXODUS. The following letter has been addressed by the Archb' .shop of 'Tam to the Right Hon. W, Glad stone) Chancellor of the Exchequer St. Jarlath's, Tuam, Nov. 16. 3j r, __H av ing usually addressed the Prime Minister., as the most responsible organ of the Go vernment, I deem it now right to address the Chan cellor of the Exchequer, who, next to the other, exercises the greatest influence for good or evil over the d.estinies of Ireland. Leaving Messrs. Dillon and Fisher to enlighten the lovers of equity and just;ca on the unequal fiscal burdens which the Union has imposed on the two countries—burdens which are becoming daily more intolerable to the weaker one, by reason of their increasing pressure —I will confine myself on the present occasion to that fearful exodus which is sweeping away our population, and, with a force more tremendous than that which once flung the warriors of Europe on the shores of Asia, threatens to cast the entire of the young chivalry of Ireland on the welcome coasts of America. The hereditary enemies of the Irish people are at length alarmed at their own misdeeds. "By the sure operation of the unerring laws .of justice vengeance is recoiling upon those by whom it has been so long and so cruelly exercised ; and the systematic work of agrarian evictions, artificial famines, and forced emigration, has now reached such a crisis as to terrify the British officials by whom it has been projected, as well as their Irish agents, by whom it has been so zealously carried on. By the persevering efforts to weaken and sub due the formidable enemy which, from the con sciousness of continual ill treatment, the English Government never ceased to conjure up, Ireland is at length brought to a state of deb ility ; but the anxiety now felt and manifested, is not how to prostrate her more, but how to apply restoratives sufficiently seasonable and vigorous to arrest her utter dissolution. Such is the fatal result of that false proFiperity cry that has been artfully sent round tb rough the country those some years past, and sw' ,filed into a chorus by a corrupt and inconsi derate press, while those who set agoing the gross delusion have been successfully despoiling their hat'Jd victim. " Such is now the position of our country, as at tested by the joint confession of her heart-boken children and those who have reduced her to that state, the one flying from her as no longer being able to afford them support or safety, and the other •adjuring them not to go, and obtesting, however, that the grinding machinery of tenantry at will and perpetual notices to quit, and the annual rais ing of rents, and the ejectments of the tenants, and the demolition of their houses, were only intended its a civilising process for a lazy and unruly people, :buc never meant for the annihilation of their en tire race, or for turning their country into a wil derness. Those flattering counsels not to quit the country, coming now so late, are found to be in effectual, and chiefly because they are not accom panied with any hope or assurance that the causes which have given such a frightful impulse to the exodus would stiffer any abatement. The alarm that has seized the Government and the landlords springs not, it is manifest, from a concern for the tenant class, but from a consciousness of the socia calamities which the flight of its stalwart inhabi tants is bringing on the country in which their own interests are so seriously involved. And yet we hear not, on the part of the landlord class, any re• pentant .declaration that they will strive, by grant ing leases on equitable terms, to remedy the evils which now appals them, nor any indication on the pin of the Government that they will connect the interests of the landlord and ttnant by making the franchise depend on the condition of a certain profitable and secure tenure o: house or farm ; nor is there, finally, any hope held forth that those detested prisons, the workhouses, shall be abolished, which are the most effectual instruments in driving the people from Ireland, any foreign land, with freedom and the reward of industry, being preferable to such penal incarcerations. Nor is the axe yet laid to the root of that hideous evil, the Protestant Church Esta blishment, so long acknowledged, deplored, and stigmatised as the standing scandal of our land and the shame of its Government. "No, nor amid the inglorious scramble for place, that no ,% occupies the few who are tempted by the cheating hope, are there found in the present crisis of 'she fate of Ireland any who seem to bestow a F erioui thought o❑ the protection of that too faith !al people by whose heavy and repeated sacrifices 'those ungrateful men were placed in a position to dare to hope for those trifling honours and emolu• meats, to which the safety of the great mass of the Irish nation is continued to be so unscrupulously sacrificed. "And yet the tragic farce that Ireland's destina tion is to b© a feeder of cattle is not yet ended. In vain has the sad conviction been tardily forced on the country that with the contraction of the area for agriculture its flocks and herds have been dimi m ished in th e same p ro p or tion. It never occurred, it seems, to those phil s ophical graziers that tame and d , domestic animals so dependent on domestic care and ke eping must be diminished, or disappear, with the Cr ainution disappearance ' tlie _ , and or of the hands that tend ov :: y that the next step in this system of besti- Z, e must r be the expulsion of the weaker animals or ti : tee s a t t oration of the fierce and stronger lords see m that I ; To this primitive state it would now the desolati'n land is now fast drifting, untaught by pursued der f u effects of the policy that has been " Instead ors thos e latter years, assemblie s t h at ei os e magnificent and deliberative to a tt. for the benefit of the common weal, either assert the restoration of their native Legislat ure party to awe th e e , mi oi Q at ina ugurate a Parliamentary constitutional opposition, by an independent and m eetings country has been doomed to witness racter. Those meetin g; it j t s e q a far different cha racter. of being exclusively composed of men breathing ar e e ing the language of freemen,hts and speak- Lot mixed elements the fashion of the times, mad e Il e n ow, according to is ieat narrower differ -men and beasts —at which ence of the national species larged and liberal sympathy W i th the n a more en. ree rnelodi. and the shrieks of the unfortunat e people kind, driven from their lands are drown e d ij t e h who are ous lowings of the quadrupeds that Such are the aggregate meetings -wi th p i ece 1 i them. country is now familiar —cattle-shows i n the l o t ing, while their congenial o wners crown the even inggiving expression to a nov e l aott with banquets, of eloquence, which could find no favour bey on d the precincts of the bucolical school —boasting of th e peace which they call the solitude they have created and boasting, too, of a still more extraordinary triumph—that they have reversed the sacred ordi nances promulgated at the morning of creation, and that man is now obliged to yield dominion to the beasts of the field. " It is no wonder if men of spirit, and possessing the means, should fly from a conflict so degrad in g and a doom so disastrous. They are flying, and, in despite of all dissuasions from whatever quarter, they will continue to fly in such numbers and with such rapidity as remind one of the melancholy figures of our bards, comparing them to the flight of birds, after the capitulation of Limerick. They know the terrors of war, es well as of the deep which they hav e to encounter . ounter ; but nthther war nor the deep has for them any a terrors compared to the insecur e , pre carious, t which the y fugitive an d savage mo d e o f lif e to laws hav e d oome d t h em , aggravate d b y the tre a ch ery of broken promises and violated cove they are resolver of unfaithful men, in which then that landlords , to confide. It is in vain beseech their tenantry now changing their tone, to stay—it is in vain that the obsequious scrib es of a Gov!rntnent which so long treated them with cruelty implore of them not to go , Their reso lve , how ever to be regretted, appears - d e termined, as long as their j ust lessly unheed ed. And heneetne e cool a n d stern in a ete land that h as claims are so m erc i diff eren ce with which they character lost for them the endearing leave and with it all the sacred attractions andof a par en t, of home.—Your faithful servant, security ii t JOHN, Archbishop of T win: , s At Galway the Claddagh men have ceas e d t oppose the trawlers, and the Governmen t have pro ° mised an inquiry into their disputes, with a vi ew a a satisfactory arrar3gerlent. THE BOMBAY MAIL. By the arrival of the Bombay mail we have re ceived files of papers from Bombay to the 29th of October, and from Calcutta to the 20th of October. We take the following summary of news from the Bombay Gazette of the 29th of October : " Lord Elgin and Sir Hugh Rose have both left Simla on their winter tour, and are now travelling north of Lahore. The Governor-General's and the Commander-in-Chief's offices are to be at Lahore on the 15th of December. " The Governor of Madras returned to the Presi dency from Bangalore on the 4th inst. " The Commander•in-Chief of Madras is expected in Calcutta in December prior to his departure for Burmah. " It is said that the Bishop of Madras will come round to Bombay at the close of the year in com pany with the Bishop of Calcutta. " The Lieutenant-Governor of Bengal has re turned to Calcutta. _ _ _ " The Lieutenant-Governor of the Punjab, Sir R. Montgomery, was to be at Lahore on the 23d inst. " His Excellency the Governor of Bombay is still at Poona. On Saturday week last his Excel lency laid the first stone of the new church at Kirkee, assisted by the Bishop of Bombay. "Sir Bartle Frere also entertained the children of the various schools in Poona at Government house, Dapoorie. " Sir William Mansfield is at Poornndhur, where he will remain till about the middle of December, when his Excellency will come to Bombay. "The camp of exercise is to be formed into two divisions, the first to be commanded by Major- Cunnynghame, and the second by Colonel Stitsted, 93d Regiment ; and four brigades commanded re spectively by Colonel Macdonald, C. 8., Rifle Bri Bade; Colonel Shipley, 7th Fusiliers ; Colonel Priestly, 42d Highlanders, and Colonel Prior, Ist Goorkas. The cavalry is to be commanded by Lord George Paget, and divided into two brigades, commanded respectively by Colonel Stanus, 20th Hussars, and Colonel Thompson, 7th Dragoon Guards. The artillery will be commanded by Brigadier-General Brind, C.B. The troops are all to be assembled by the first week in December, and to go regularly through their preliminary drills, &c., until his Excellency the Commander-in-Chief arrives at Lahore about the middle of December. "Mr. H. L. Anderson, Chief Secretary to the Bombay Government, has been appointed additional member of the Legislative Council of the Governor- General of India. " The Nawab of Rampore has succeeded the late Raja of Puttiala as additional member of the same Council. His Highness had the honour of being the first NI ahomedan admitted to the Council of the Government of India. " The Sittanees on the N.W. frontier continue to be troublesome. A formidable force has been ordered to take the field against them. The ren dezvous for the corps forming the expedition is to be at a place near Neowsheera. General Cham berlain is to assume the command. General Gar vock is to command the Peshawur division. The expedition is to cross the frontier into the Swat valley about the middle of November, and it is hoped will have completed its work before the snow closes up the passes, which usually occurs in December. " Affairs in Affghanistan wear a more peaceable aspect. " The inundation of the Indus has been so severe this year, that in the Cotch district the town of Hamas has been washed away. " Ensigns Kenny and Hutchinson of the 27th and 23d Regiments respectively wero tried at Lucknow by court martial, the former for committing a rape and the latter for aiding and abetting. They were both acquitted. In Ensign Kenny's case the pro ceedings were returned for revision by the Com mander-in-Chief, but the court adhered to its origi nal finding. "Nine or ten Jyntea rebels have lately been caught by the Cossya police, leaving hardly a score of fugitives now in the jungle. " The military fund of the Bengal army has still a surplus of 40,000r5. ; but it is steadily declining. " The man taken up at Ajmore and sent to Cawn pore as the supposed rebel Nana Dhondoo Punt still remains a prisoner in the gaol ; but his release must follow sooner or later. "His Excellency the Viceroy and Governor-Gene ral of India has been provided by her Majesty with a flag, the design of which is the Union T ack having in its centre the Star of India, surmounted by the Royal crown. All men are to pay the same mark of respect to the Viceroy's flag when unfurled as are shown to the Royal flag. "By a Government resolution, the trifling dis tinction that yet remained between the covenanted and nncovenanted officers in the financial depart ment has been abolished. "It is reported that the vacant Star of India will be conferred on the Maharajah of Jeypore. " Colonel Houghton, Officiating Commissioner of Assam, is sanguine of the success of Sea Island cot ton on the hill slopes of Assam, for the moist cli mate of which it is well suited. " The Bombay mint coined 65,98,207r5. ; the Madras mint, 12,50,386r5., and the Calcutta, mint 713 re. in the month of August last. "It is said that four Italians who had entered Bukhara for the purpose of making investigations into the silk cultivation of that country, have been imprisoned as spies by the Khan. " The politic Al mission to Bhootan, under the Hon. Ashley Eden, will start for its destinatio❑ as soon as the rains have ceased, and will return before the setting in of the winter. " The setting in of the monsoon at Madras has been attended by several shipwrecks and loss of life. "The closing of the monsoon during the fortnight has been, as usual, characterised by heavy occa sional showers, accompanied by thunder and light ning. The total fall of rain during the season amounts to about 80 inches. " The health of the town and island of Bombay has shown a slight improvement." The Suspected Case of Poisoning in Bishopsgate. Yesterday morning Mr. J. Humphreys, Middlesex coro ner, resumed at the Three Cranes Tavern, Brick-lane, Spitalfields, the inquiry respecting the death of John War ren, aged 39, alleged to have been poisoned. Deceased was a costermonger, whose wife left him about five weeks ago because he threatened to fling her out of the window for being drunk. On Friday fortnight he called on a young woman named Alice Mumford, who resided with her mother, and induced her to accompany him to 16, Montague-court, Bishopsgate, a house of ill-fame, kept by a woman named Gunn. He lived there with Mumford until Monday morning, when he died in a very sudden manner. He had previously been in perfect health. doct or Mitchell stated that it was not true that the ci s'"l° was paid two guineas for the certificate of deceased's eath ' The tl du ca eman in question merely gave a memoran caa.s:tizaabt etou he l the w :e e st of his . belief the death was from natural received no fee whatever for doing so. The C i f sP tE t° l "l 3, red the two guineas were paid for the removal rout the City to Spitalfields. her out of reason to expect ''' . J:t, widow of deceased, said she had no 'LIB death. He had threatened to throw drunk." vbrh:l7,,,l.:indow " the very next time she got fore went away of next accordh worse for liquor she there- Dr. Letheby, profea T .. ?viu to save him the trouble. with ital said that h e t .'"' of chemistry at the London Hos- P 9 'lived in jars the stomach of had tee deceased and its contents. found the stomach to be $e submitted half an ounce of of a deep violet colour, sad t o netatirmitted it to distills :emit. He also exa mined brfoproimsoinn,erbaultpowisitohn, tont The Coroner said that though th e case llo h Poison. was therefore of opinion that th e , great suspicion, yet the scientific evidence idertbeen one of n a verdict that deceased died tram natural causes. "That de e The jury returned a verdict died from natural causes," and expressed an Opinion that in. such cases medical certificates ou g ht not to be grant ed, and that in the present instance the medical man had not acted prudently in giving such a certificate. They a l so said • s in the evidence that there were great discrepancte 9, pins.—Enjoyment of [ADVERTISEMENT.] —HOHOW/3y Lite.—When the blood is pure, its circulation perfect, and the nerves in good order, we are well- These pills possess a marvellous power in securing these great secrets of health by:purifying, regulating, and strengthening the fluids and solids. Holloway's pills can be confidently recommended to all persoas suffering from disordered digestion or worried by nervous fancies or neuralgic pains. kThey correct acidity and heartburn, dispel sick headache, quicken the action of the liver, and act as alterativ es an d gentle aperients. The weak and delicate may take them without fear. Hello way's pills are eminently servic ea bl e t o i nva lids of irritable constitutions, s as they raise the action of every organ to its n atural zodative iti pd e a rt rd, and universally exerc i se a calming and latl CO, THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 21, 1863,1 THE KINGDOM OF ITALY, FROM TURIN TO FOGGIA. (From the Special Correspondent of the 7imes.) FOGGIA, Nov. 9. _ _ The sceptic who doubts that there is an Italy, and that that Italy is monarchical, ought to have seen the King of Italy traverse his dominions from north-west to south-east for 600 miles. The abstract idea of national unity may be all very well for the philosopher and enlightened patriot of Italy, but the imagination of the masses requires a symbol to bring ideas home to them. They cannot pray unless they have a rosary, an image of the Madonna, or of their peculiar saint before them, and they cannot conceive an Italian nation without coupling it with some visible repre sentative. The journeys of the King of Italy through his newly-annexed dominions are therefore more than a simple show—they have a political bearing. The thing seems so plain that it ie only surprising it has net been understood. had it been, each Parliament since 1859 would have voted a few millions a year for the special purpose of enabling the King to show himself to his new subjects. No more effective propaganda of Italian unity could have been devised. One smile of that manly and good•natured face would have converted thousands, and one kind word would have done more than a dozen prefects with all their subordinates and several regiments of gen darmes. Possibly the importance of these shows has been appreciated, but then their application to political purposes found difficulties in the well known dislike of Victor Em manuel to playing the King. Fond of war and sport, like his ancestors, he never seems happier than when he can throw off the restraints imposed by kingly etiquette, and it always requires an effort on his part to figure in one of these shows. They are reduced to the strictly necessary, and got over in the shortest possible time, fatigue being a conside ration which is left out of the programme. Go down to Pescara in one day without stopping, open the railroad to Foggia on the next, go on the next 90 miles across to Naples, review the fleet, go off to Piombino, on the Tuscan coast, open the railway to San Giuseppe, have a couple of days' shooting in the preserves near Lucca, open the railroad between Florence and Bologna, and return to Turin—such was the original programme, and not a bad one either for nine days. The last part of the programme had to be given up, owing to the impossibility of finishing the works on the Bologna-Florence line, and no more time was allowed than that originally fixed. The road lies mostly over new ground, the King never having been since the annexation further south on the Adriatic coast than Ancona. He, indeed, joined his army on its march into the Neapoli tan territory, but it was by another road. A Royal express train goes tolerably fast even in Italy, and is therefore not exactly the way to judge of the state of the country. I left therefore the day before by what is called here an express train—that is, one calculated at the rate of about 20 miles an hour, with plenty of stoppages, so as to allow the guards a good chat at every station, and time for their friends to arrive. A Royal progress through the old provinces is very much like a journey of the Queen through her dominions, for there is no other country on the Continent where there exists so deep an affection for the dynasty and so warm a feeling for the ruling Sovereign. There is scarcely a man, woman, or child who has not seen him, or who would miss an opportunity of seeing him and cheering him again. Little need is there of any preparation; their hearts are always ready to receive him who is their pride. Having just come back from Lombardy, and having been much struck by the increase of wealth and wellbeing in the capital, I was rather curious to see how the Southern por tion of the old provinces had been affected by the changes. As far as appearances go, little or no change is visible in all those little towns through which you pass on your road until you arrive at the frontier near Piacenza. This is so much the more remarkable as all this portion of Piedmont has gained considerably by the increased consumption in the capital, and above all by being exempt from the grape disease, which still prevails in other portions of the penin sula. Thus, for instance, while in former times Lombard wines were largely imported and consumed in Piedmont, now the reverse is taking place. The changes become visible as soon as you cross the old frontier. Considering their geographical position in the rich valley of the Po, and their position as political centres, the little Duchies of Central Italy were undoubtedly the most wretched portion of the peninsula. All they could do was to carry on a dreary struggle for their lives. They were considered and treated as the patrimonial estate of their rulers, not a few of whom had a taste for ruining themselves. Shut out from the rest of the world, and thus not even allowed to make the most of their opportunities, they had to pay heavily without having the means of earn ing. Nowhere, therefore, was stagnation more glaring than in the little town of Piacenza, Parma, Reggio, and Modena. They were cities of the dead, and yet long habit had led to the idea that these places would be all ruined and deserted if the little Courts, who spent with one hand what they took with the other, were withdrawn. Those who had a share in the spoil have undoubtedly suffered, but the mass have decidedly gained; the free communication with the rest of Italy, and the connection by rail with Lombardy, Genoa, and the east coast, have more than compensated for the loss of the benefit derived from the little Courts. Of course these little centres hadialways only a factitious exist ence, so that they can never hope for a great development unless Italy becomes a manufacturing country, in which case cheapness of labour and provisions, together with faci lities of communication, would point out this part of Italy as the most convenient for the purpose. Circumstances are somewhat similar in the Romagna. There, too, political circumstances have created a number of artificial centres, which had little cause for their exist ence, unless it be as residences for one or other successful feudal family. But the Romagna has one great advantage over the Duchies, and that is the tradition of a bustling municipal iife which has produced a large middle class and an aristocracy wealthy and independent, a portion of which has taken the lead in the political events whieh have occurred of late. All this part of Italy is divided into two distinct camps—on one side the stirring middle classes, with one portion of the landed aristocracy; on the other side the priests leagued with the rest of the aristocracy. Between the two floats the peasantry, impulsive and intelligent, but woefully ignorant, and therefore suspi cious and difficult to deal with. It is the struggle of pro gress against bigotry and class interest. All about the centres, above all Bologna and Ancona, the battle is gained, and everywhere you see the signs of a new life; towns which have been confined within their narrow walls, as the minds of their inhabitants were, in ignorance and prejudice, are bursting their limits. All the towns along the railway line, Bologna, Imola, Faenza, Rimini, Sinagaglia, and Ancona, are more or less participating in this movement. The whole district owed once its wealth and celebrity to its potteries, and it seems as if there was a tendency to take up again its old industry. Everywhere that rich clay is being turned into one or another shape. Old ground, aban doned for years, has been stirred up, and new ground broken in many places. You have only to look right and left to understand the necessity of this. It is not merely pots and pans which are made of that clay, but bricks and tiles likewise, and there is scarcely a country house, farm, or even cottage, which does not show signs of a greater or smaller consumption of these articles within the last three years. Indeed, the country shows in this respect a decided superiority over the towns, which seems rather surprising, but which, at least as far as the towns on the coast are con. corned, is explained by the delay which took place in the annexation. These towns lived by importing goods for the Romagna, and they enjoyed the privilege of tree ports for certain portions of the year—usually a month—during which a fair was held, at which the dealers and buyers coming from the interior could provide themselves with the commodities they wanted, As soon as the annexation of a portion of the Legations took place, in 1860, the Genoese took advantage of the circumstance, and drove from the market those who supplied the Romagna before. Even now that the whole Romagna is annexed, trade has not changed the route it had once taken. The Trieste goods which formed the chief supply provided by the coast towns on the Airit." duties, and the goods from Genoa can be sent to the upper portions of the Romagna cheaper from Bologna than from any of the coast towns. Yet, strange to say, Ancona, which has suffered most by this, shows marvellous signs of life. The old walls have been pierced in every direction, and a new enceinte is in process of construction; new houses and quarters as springing up towards the west, where there is more space between the hills and the sea ; the new mole is rising gradually out of the sea ; indeed, taking every thing together, I have not seen a town in Italy which shows the signs of progress more visibly. There is no loss without a corresponding gain in these Italian annexa tions; what Ancona has lost in the north it has already regained, and is more likely still to regain, in the south, where in time it must get the whole import trade down to the southernmost point of Calabria. The King in his passage hurried through all these pro- vinces without stopping. Everywhere preparations had been made, but they were in a great measure thrown away, for he stopped only a few minutes at Bologna and at Ancona, without getting out of his carriage. Although the journey took place at night, the stations were crowded, and, above all, Ancona distinguished itself in illuminations. Tho line passes for some distance along the new town of warehouses which is springing up near the railway, and all along the passage coloured lights showed oft to great advantage what Ancona had done since the annexation. The inaugural ceremony really began at Pescara, in the Neapolitan territory, where the King, with his suite and the corps diplomatique, arrived this morning at seven. Having arrived an hour before I had time to look about, andl confess th e fi rs t s i g ht was no t prom i s i ng . H ere were all the Offi cial preparations, and in these Caribineers, sol diers, Prefets, Sous-Prefets, in uniforms, and Deputies in blu e L Coats and white ties, formed the most prominent fea ture. Even of the National Guard only a small portion was visible al either, for alrnosngtthe lin e , an d thi s was no t th e b es t por ti on are no doubt useful, third man wore spectacles, which fin© display. Th e fi : e 1 but are not ornamental in a military formed in a square behindbattalion of Chieti, on the contrary, was if it had been put out of the station, so that it looked as population was likewise the way on purpose. Whether the kept out of sight, or whether it was too early, I don't know ; but certain it is 1 could see little traces of it. All looked as chillyas the morning, and . did not promise well, some bishop was there to perform the prayers customary on such an occasion. I cannot tell you whether he did so. Then there was a rush to the break fast-room, and the train was off again. By the time it left the sun had got up, and a brilliant one it was, asit illumi nated the outskirts of the Appenines, which come down to the edge of the sea, and as it reflected itself in the Adriatic, which looked lovely, but lifeless, In the dis tance you saw the snow-clad range of the Majella, one of the back -bones of the Appenines, which extends over the main portion of the province of the Abruzzi Ultra. Close to the remaining Roman territory, it has been for a longtime one of the nests of brigandage, but little brigandage now remains in these parts ; it is the merit of the much decried Pianelli to have cleared it out. From time to time you hear of a small band of a dozen or so making a coup, but so little support do they find among the population that they have soon to take refuge on the Roman territory. The inhabitant of the Abruzzi has found something better to do. He always had rather a worse reputation than ho de served, for he worked whenever he had an opportunity. Formerly he went into the Roman territory at harvest time, and even last year military measures had to be adopted to keep him back. This year scarcely a man showed a dispo sition to go, for there was the railway, which gave plenty of employment, and paid 4 or 5 carlini, or about 25., per diem. The greatest portion of the men are from the Abruzzi, and all the engineers agree in thinking them iatelligent and easy to manage. It was as it the people of Pescara had been kept away on purpose for the sake of contrast, for during all the rest of the journey down to this place the whole population had turned out—men, women, and children—to greet the King. There were none of those precautions usually adopted in Continental countries on such occasions, and the difficulty was only to keep back the eager, shouting, joyous crowd. Above all, the women indulged in outbursts which seemed almost puzzling, for they reminded one of Southern Italy and Garibaldi in 1860. There they were, throwing up their hands, beating their breasts, and uttering shrill cries, as if they had an hysterical fit. I cannot but think the appari tion of the King on the railway had something to do with this. It had on these countries —which have never even seen a decent road—the effect which the guns of Columbus had on the aborigines of America. You could see they looked at it as something almost supernatural, and no better pomp could have been devised to impress their Southern imaginations than the first appearance of their Northern King drawn by the steam horse. The sight was unique. Upon the hilltop the towers and all the slopes were covered with people, the women in their white shawls drawn over their heads, and the men looking like so many Figaros on a third-class provincial stage. There were of course the usual addresses from the authorities, and a shower of peti tions from all those who could get near. Along the line were detachments of troops and National Guards, the latter of whom had come in large numbers from the interior. The stoppages were short ; and only iu one case, at Lan ciano, an eloquent Sindaco induced the King to get out and visit the pavilion, which had been erected at this as at al the other stations. When this took place there was an end to all restraint. The N a tionals left their ranks an d p resse d ! towards the steps, fro m w hich the gendarme s h a d a ll the the people away, trouble in the world to keep So striking was the sight that one couli but regret a few minutes were not allowed at every station. Pickets and detachments of horse and foot, Regulars and Nationals, increased as we passed the river Biferno, which forms the southern boundary of the Abruzzi. The character of the country changes, the mountains retire into the dis tance, and only throw out occasionally a spur which reaches the sea and forms a promontory, while the space between them is occupied by large undulating valleys, sand dunes near the seashore, and alluvium higher up. There is little cultivation, in most ca ses no t more than a third of th e so il, the remainder being l e ft f or p as turage, or taken up by w h a t looks like a mixtur e o f h ea th an d a c j o u p u p g ic le e , v , w - o it o h d, o l a u ly sh a es fe o w f t myrtle, otiva e t h juniper,e whole andl looking g w th from time like a full g rown tree pathways. No road leads through them, for from the Sangre, down to the Fortone, or about 60 miles, there never has been more than a track. It is the very place for bri gands. If they can rarely find a prey on the spot itself, they have always a sure retreat, where it is impossible to follow them. Having passed the river Fortone, you cross a low lime , stone ridge, and enter the plain of Apulia. If you look at the clap of the Adriatic coast you see, about half way down the Boot, a spur projecting into the sea. It is caused by the Monte Gargano, which hangs together by a lower belt with the chain of the Apennines, and encloses a basin of at least 30 squa re m il es. E ven if you did no t st ill see t wo doubt threeor ch t that aa l atskt been ese plain e t r h a i e on fe n d e i Apulia b g y h b n o a u it r su h r oeo, the d, bed y ofu leavingac an ancient di rich h have deposit epl oa s n ki no d of black loam for the use of man, who knows so little how to take advantage of her bounty. As you come down from north to south on the Adriatic coast you cannot help ob serving that the rac e o f men i s d egenerat i ng, w hil e t h at o f animals is decidedly i m p rov i ng i n b eauty. Th o trans i t i on is gradual, so you don't observe it, perhaps, until you get down some way. Those magnificent women and handsome, well-made seen of the Ro magna , h ave d w i n dl e d d own i n t o a small, ugly race, by the time you get into Apulia. There was the whole neighbouring population turned out along the road, and you looked about in vain for even a tolerable face. Above all, when excited, as on this occasion, there is something almost bestial in thorn. All animals, on the contrary, have gained, if not in size, in beauty and sym metry. You could pick out among those white cattle specimens which would not disgrace the most fastidious farmer in England, Then, again, there are those very little black ponies scampering along the fields, or the picturesque brown goats and asses, such as I never saw in size or shape. The plains and table land of Apulia—indeed, the whole province of Capitanata—have acquired a bad repute since the annexation. It is 0711 , 3 of the last strongholds of brigand age. The nobility, who are almost in exclusive possession of the soil, are averse to progress, because in their ignorance they think it threatens their interests, and the peasantry, who are more corrupt, indolent, and miserable than in any other part of Italy, are always ready to aid and assist him who goes against the established state of things. Under these circumstances a Royal progress seemed rather a hazardous experiment. Yet the success was complete— nay more, there was almost too much of it. Scarcely did the train stop at San Severo, the first town we came to, when the whole crowd, men, women, and chil dren, rushed like wild beasts, shouting and vociferating towards the Royal carriage, climbing up, haranguing and pushing each other in the most furious manner. In vain did the gendarmes on foot try to keep back the crowd, the resistance seemed to make it only more eager, and at last 801a10 Carabineers were called in for assistance, who, by the evolutions of their horses, at last succeeded in clearing the rails sufficiently to let the train pass. The whole was a most unpleasant sight, but, except for some ill-featured, scowling priest whom you could observe amoag the crowd, the thing was well meant. The people evidently thought the opportunity for petitioning too precious to be lost, and in their eagerness burst all bounds of restraint and became an ungovernable mob. But San Severo is one of the nests of brigandage, sad the story here at Foggia is that Caruso's band, not knowing that the jour ney had been deferred, had made on Saturday a reconnaissance towards the railway, which led to an engagement with the troops. It there had been ill-will, nothing was easier than to do mischief and escape in the crowd. By the time we left San Severo the sun wont down and we crept cautiously along the rails to Foggia, where we ought to have arrived at 4 30, instead of a quarter past 6. The arrival being expected to take place by daylight no preparations had been made for lighting up the pavilion, which was erected on the spot where the station is to be. A number of Roman lights throw their ghastly and evanes cent glare over the dense crowd of authorities, people, sol diers on foot and on horseback, and Nationals, collected from all the surrounding district. A scene of unearthly confusion was the result, front which the King hastened to escape into the carriage which was waiting for him. But not even then was there safety, for the crowd almost u p set the carriage and made the horses uu g eeetea.s.. , , King got out and walked to the church. The religious ceremony was to have been performed at the station, where a temporary altar had been erected, but to attempt this was hopeless, so the priests packed up their things and every one hastened to the town. A great dinner for 300 persons had been arranged by the railway company in the theatre, at which the King was to have been pr.esent; but he pleaded fatigue, and onl y made his ap pearance for an instant late in the even in g , which is to con clude with a ball. The scene at San Severo and the confusion at Foggia were not calculated to leave an agree able impression. To morrow the Kin g is to review the National Guard early in the morning, and then go on to Avellino, where he is to sleep, so as to enter Naples the day after. If the Royal progress, as a demonstratim, was, in spite of the contretemps toward the end, a decided success—nay, as I almost too decided—the opening of the railway line from Pescara, or rather Ortona, is more difficult to charac terise. 111-natured people would have a right to call it a farce ; good-natut ed people must think it a wonderful tour de force; the shareholders may think it rather dear, and for the directors it was an arithmetical problem. If the line was not finished by the beginning of November the com pany was subject to a heavy fine, besides being minus the 29,000 f. per kilometre which they receive as a subsidy from the Government after the opening of the line. The line might have been ready had not the late rains destroyed two of the tunnels, one being of considerable length. That this happened seems no fault of the company or of its engineers, for they had to adopt the tracings which were made by the Goverment engineers before the railway was given over to them. Even at first sight there can be no doubt about the most natural line along the coast. In most places there is sufficient space between the sea and the hills, and oven where the hills come closer upon the sea the line might have been cut in the soft sandstone, or bed of clay, and only very short tunnels would have been required to avoid too rapid curves. Instead of this, the engineers who made the tracings seem to have delighted in scooping out tun nels in the soft stuff, where they have little chance of lasting. When two of these tunnels gave way, a temporary road had to be improvised. The question was whether the road, improvised as it had to be in so short a time, would cost more than the fine and the loss of the subsidy. The board of directors thought it was cheaper, and this point once decided, they set to work like men. Sugani, the secretary general, went down himself to expedite the works. As there was a want of skilled workmen in the country, they were brought down from the northern provinces. All the workmen who could be got in the country were engaged, and their pay increased. Rela3 aof these worked day and night, and, in order to enable them to do so, electric lights were used. lam teld the effect produced by these lights was astonishing. Even the workmen from Apulia obeyed the conjuror who could turn night into day. By dint of these exertions, 11 kilometres of railway—including the temporary bridge over the Sangro, 300 metres long—were constructed in 15 days, so as to enable a train to pass over. But this is all that can be said, for months must pass before the line can be opened for traffic. You may judge from one circumstance. From Pescara to Foggia it is about 100 miles ; we started at a quarter to 8 in the morning, stopped only a few minutes at each place—in all certainly not an hour, and arrived after 6 p.m. at Foggia. Above all, in the last portion of the line there was scarcely a trace of ballast; we went over the rails at a snail's pace, and yet the carriages shook at every step. There is not a station begun on the whole line, and there are, above all, those tunnels, which may yet give greater trouble. So convinced has every one become of the bad tracing, that there would be a disposition to keep permanently to the temporary road were it not that the permanent bridge over the Sangro, which leads to the tunnel, is half finished. In the meantime the company can boast of having begun the road to civilisation in these neglected counties, and of having achieved a mar vellous feat, the cost of which, however, is estimated at 2,000,000 f. Mysterious Charge of Attempted Murder in France, A mysterious affair commenced on Wednesday before the Court of Assizes of Montpelier, where a gentleman of for tune, named Armand, residing in that town, was charged with an attempt at murder on the person of his domestic without apparent motive. The latter,whose name is Maurice Roux, was found on the 7th July last in the cellar of his master's house lying on the ground in a state of insensibility, his legs tied by a handkerchief and a cord round his neck. The vital heat of the body was almost extinct, and his ap pearance gave signs of an attempt at strangulation. On being taken to the hospital he was gradually brought to a state of sensibility, but the organs of speech were completely paralysed. so that when on the next day he was examined by the juge d'instruction he was forced to reply to the questions put to Wm by signs. By means of a dictionary he declared that on the morning of the day in question he was in the cellar procuring wood for burning when his mas ter suddenly came behind him,and exclaiming " I will teach you whether my house is a dirty hole," felled him to the ground by a blow on the back of the head with some heavy instrument—the assailant then bound his legs, and encircling his neck with a cord attempted to strangle him. The ser vant further declared that although knocked down by the blow on the head and rendered immovable, he still preserved his mental faculties sufficiently to be aware of what was going on. In this state he remained for 10 hours, until he was discovered by a female servant of he same household. M. Armand energetically denied the charge, while the ser vant persisted,even at the moment when, his recovery being considered doubtful, the sacrament was administered to him in his accusation. The excitement caused in the town of Montpelier since the commissionof the crime has been great, and the trial was looked forward to with intense interest. The popular feeling against M. Armand was roused to such a pitch that au escort of soldiers was necessary to protect him when taken from prison before the examining magis trate. Dr. Ambroise Tardieu, who was consulted in the interest of the accused, has declared that it is absolutely impossible that Roux could have remained for ten hours in the state in which he pretends to have remained, and his dumbness and pantomime was only a gross imposture. The back of Roux's head also bore no traces of the blow he pre tended to have received. Rumours of various kinds were in circulation, some alleging a rivalry between the master and the servant in a love affair as a motive for the outrage by the former, while others look upon the accusation as an impudent attempt at extortion by the latter. A telegraphic despatch from Montpelier, which announces the opening of the trial, states that another attack was made the evening before in one of the streets of the town on Roux's life, and that he is so much injured as to cause the trial to be put off to another assize. MIDDLESEX SESSIONS. (Before the Assistant-Judge.) Jane 'renderEon, 26, lady's maid, late in the service of Lady Doinville, of No. 3, Connaught-place West, and who pleaded guilty on Tuesday to two indictments, viz., of steal ing 28 rings and two watches, value £BOO, the property of Charles Frederick Hancock, and also of stealing one eme rald ring and two lockets, value £1.57, the property of Wm. Henry Ryder—was placed at the bar to receive the judg ment of the Court. _ _ Mr. Metcalfe and Mr. Lewis were for the prosecution ; Mr. Sleigh for the prisoner; and Mr. Poland watched the case on the part of Lady Doraville. The Assistant-Judge made some inquiries as to the man ner in which these robberies had been effected, and was in formed that the goods had been sent from Mr. Hancock for Lady Domville, and that being intrusted to the care of the prisoner she had stolen them. The Assistant-Judge said Mr. Hancock could carry on his busines in his own way, but it seemed to him to hold out great temptation to servants. Mr. Metcalfe said such articles were only given to the servant of Lady Doraville, and one or two other persons of the highest respectability. The Assistant-Judge said the court had now a very me lancholy thing to do, which was to perform the duty cast upon them on that occasion, and to pass sentence upon a person who had borne a most respectable character. They had no doubt that as Lady Domville was a lady of fortune she would be liberal in the payment of wages, but she had taken advantage of that position to purloin things to the extent of £2,000, and the only thing that could influence the court in her favour was that the things had been given up to her mistress, and that there was the temptation hold out to her. She seemed disposed to treasure money by in vesting it in the savings' bank and in shares, and with this dishonestly acquired property to set up a shop on her own account, This was an offence that must be visited with seve rity, and the sentence of the court upon her was that she be kept in penal servitude for four years. POLICE INTELLIGENCE—Nov. 20, MANSION -HOUSE.—William Smith, Alfred Bart lett, and Thomas Frederick Wharton, three men well known to the police as card and skittle sharpers, were brought before the Lord Mayor charged with having un lawfully in their possession a number of foreign bank notes. Detective officers Smith and Smart were together in Cut ler-street, Houndsditch, on Thursday afternoon, and Smith saw Wharton and another man not in custody at the en trance of the Cutlers' Arms. Smith thinking from their manner that there was something going on that was not altogether right, drew the attention of Smart to them. They saw them go into the Cutleis'Arms, and followed them into a room at the back of the house, where there were three other men, two of whom were Smith and Bartlett. The five men were seated round a table, and the officer Smith heard Bartlett say, "These are worth—," the remainder of the sentence he could not catch. Both the officers went into the room, and saw Bartlett with some foreign bank notes in his hand, and the other two prisoners also had some looking at, The officer Smith seized the notes from the prisoner Smith, and from one of the men that escaped. Bartlett at the same time crumpled up some notes in his hand. Smith took them from him, and asked him what he had, and he said it was all right, they would g o q uietl y „It., them, and tau prisoner Smith said they had made a mistake this time. The office'. ..cured four of the men, but on the road to the stati -m-house the fourth managed to make his escape. When at the station, Bartlett said they had had the notes for six weeks, and they were duffers, and he knew where to get sacks full of them. The prisoner Smith remarked that it was not as though they were "buzzed" (a term for picking pockets). ;When at the station a quantity of coins resembling sovereigns and some metal guard chains, with a number of odd cards, were found on the prisoners. A witness named Carl Theodore Bendton, a native of Norway, was called, whose evidence put the prisoners somewhat at a nonplus. They had not been told that he would be called, and evidently did not expect him, From his statement it appeared that he was in Houndsditch on the previous afternoon, and lost his pocket-book, contain ing, as near as he could say, fire 100 rix-dollar notes, seven of ten, and about 30 dollars in small notes. He could not say, however, how or where he lost them, but ho missad them just by the railway station. He identified all the notes—four 100 rix-dollars, seven ten ditto, five one ditto, as being part of the notes he lost. When asked what they had to say, the prisoners Smith and Wharton said they owned they were known to the police as gamblers, but that was all they knew against them. The notes they had nothing to do with. They met Bartlett, who asked them to go and have something to drink, and when he went in he showed them the notes, and they were looking at them when the officers came in. Bartlett varied his statement somewhat to what he had originally said about having had the notes six weeks. He repeated what the other prisoners had said, and added that he picked up the notes in a purse, and was showing them to the other "gentlemen," under the impression that they were "duffers," and would do to put in their banks. The Lord Mayor said there was no doubt the prisoners were in illegal possession of the notes, for which an owner had been found, and until then nothing had been said by them as to finding them, and sentenced them each to two months' hard labour. Horniman's Tea is choice and strong, moderate in price, and wholesome to use. These advantages have secured for this Tea a general preference. It is sold in packots by 2,280 Agents. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—The echo of a voice from Russia has mingled with the cries and shrieks which reach us from unhappy Poland. Both sides proclaim their resolutions to the world. The Poles are harried, driven, scourged, and massacred by their Muscovite masters, but they will not give up the contest. Their very women are now marched off in gangs to hope less exile in the wilds of Siberia. The present tactics of the Russians express the most ruthless use of brute force which it is possible to conceive, but the Poles defy their exterminators to the last. They fly to their forests, and maintain a struggle which has at least the effect of preventing a pacifi cation and keeping open a European sore. But the Russians, though placed in the wrong and threat ened with contingent retribution, unhesitatingly accept their position. They continue their work of desolation, and tell the friends of Poland to do their worst. They reject interference, and make ready for war. They are not even at the pains to depre cate hostilities. " Come on, if you will," is their reply to the menaces of indignant Europe. They are not given to gasconade, and their intentions are quietly expressed ; but Cronstadt is bristling with cannon, and half-a-dozen Sebastopols are ready for an enemy in the Gulf of Finland. Right or wrong, the Russians mean fighting, and, as "A Voice from Russia" delares to us, will fight to the last. We have not the least reason to doubt the sincerity of that declaration. Our readers may think as they will about the excuses offered for the atrocities of Military Governors, and the credit claimed for poli tical moderation, but the spirit of the Russians cannot be questioned. The Czar has his people with him. They look at the rebellion of the Poles exactly as the Americans of the Northern States look at the revolt of the South. It is an ungrateful and wicked insurrection against one of the best intentioned Governments in the world. The Poles have " really had but little to complain of;" the Emperor " would decidedly have given them every advantage they could wish for," and has always "liberally treated them." Nor are these asset.• tions quite so ironical as the seem. On the single condition of true allegiance the Poles might probably have had all they could ask either from Alexander or Nicholas. If they would but have consented to become Russians, and sink their original nationality in the nationality of a Slavonic empire, the best things in that empire might pro bably have been theirs. All their sufferings from the first war to the last conscription are traceable to their antipathy to the Union. They stood out stub• bornly for their own country, their own name, their own language, and their own political individuality. They would never be good subjects, and so they were treated as bad ones. The object of the Czars was to absorb and amalgamate Poland, and turn it into so much more Russia. The determination of the Poles was to remain Poles for ever, to spurn the advances of their conquerors, and watch for the chance of freedom. As fair means did no good with them, foul means were tried, and the Russians, in the hope of extinguishing their refractory spirit, oppressed them till they rebelled once more. Europe has interfered, but to no good purpose. It is an un happy illustration of the weakness of moral influ ence, but the fact is plain. Russia will have none of our meddling. She rejects it as America rejects it, and warns us off at our peril. She has the ad vantage, too, of knowing her own mind, and being prepared for the worst. We are told plainly that defeats would not dismay her. She might experi ence reverses at first, but she knows how to endure such things, and keep time on her side. She is not to be beat with a campaign or two, however bril liant for her enemies. " We Russians can wait, and wait patiently." That such is the general feeling of the nation we do not doubt. Russia has got Po land, - and intends to keep it, not only against the Poles themselves, but against all corners in their favour. How far she could succeed may be another question, but she will not yield an inch except to force. In the meantime she is prosecuting the war against the insurgents with relentless severity. Our correspondent himself does net deny this ; he merely justifies the policy. It cannot be helped, he says, nor, upon the conditions he assume,p, do we suppose it can. Russia is making the work as short as possible, so that before the friends of Poland can again interfere the Poles may be destroyed. The misfortune, too, is the t in interfering to stop these proceedings we could take no ground that was at once tenable and serviceable. We had a right of appeal to the Treaties of Vienna, but the most regor ous observance of these Treaties would have given no satisfaction to the Poles. They cared nothing for the arrangements of 1815. If the three Powers had obtained every one of their demands, the end would have been as far off as ever. The Poles have rejected the expedient of a Constitution, and boldly claimed an independent nationality. They extend these claims, indeed, beyond all expectation. Like the Confederates in America, who want Kentucky and Maryland while they can barely hold their own in Mississippi and Tennessee, the Poles assert their title to provinces which, perhaps, were never Polish. So singularly, in the political vicissitudes of 'ages, were races in these countries blended, that it would require a good ethnologist to say where Polish ter ritory ended or Russian territory began. One of the latest acts of the National Government has been to claim for Poland certain States which an impar tial historian might possibly assign to Russia. The Emperor Alexander would be quite as much justi fied as Mr. Seward in declaring that it was impossi ble to draw any such line of demarcation as the insurgents demanded. It is a sad story, but it is too likely to have an end. We sympathise with Poland, because Poland was wickedly partitioned, because the Poles are really fighting for their own, because they have cherished the memory of their rights with unexampled devotion, and have con tended for them with heroic courage. There is hardly a man in this kingdom who would not avow his private opinion that the reconstitution of Poland would be a righteous act. But England will not go to war in this cause, and Russia tells us, in lan guage not to be mistaken, that if we will not go to war, and fight that war out " to the bitter end," we had better hold our tongues. She tells us, what we do not believe, that the insurrection is the work of foreign agitators, practising on a tubulent minority of the population ; but she tells us also, what we cannot contradict, that a few weeks will see the end of it, and that her proceedings will restore peace to Poland far more quickly than the proceedings of a Congress. What kind of peace this will be we need not ask, but Russia answers for the result, and in the meantime she prepares herself for any possible penalty. The Emperor declares his resolution, and the people not on'y back him, but go beyond him. They will hold Poland, and in their own way, at any cost. They will face invasion and endure de feat, but they will allow no meddling with their affairs. Whatever Poland may cost them, either in subduing the Poles or repulsing Europe, they are ready to accept the bargain. At this moment they are incurring ex t r aordinary expenses and lavishing millions upon iron-cased frigates, monster cannon, and other appliances of modern warfare. Their minds are made up, and, after quenching in blood the last sparks of Polish nationality, they will be prepared to meet all who may call them to account for the deed. We say again that the story is a terrible one, but our interference in the matter has done no good as yet, and it would not be likely to do any good hereafter, POST.—The sentence of the Court of Inquiry held under the provisions of the Merchant Shipping Act, in the case of the Cunard steamer Africa, which was stranded on the coast of Newfoundland on the 12th ultimo, has cansea a good deal of local excitement, and led The a discussion of considerable public import ance: rhe facts of this case are few, and such as admit of no misapprehension. On a dark and hazy, but not foggy, October night, the Africa, being then on her outward passage, struck on a rock off Cape Race. Captain Stone, who was in command of the ship, was himself on the look-out when the accident occurred, and had been so all through the evening. Fortunately the vessel sustained but little injury, no lives were lost, and she returned to Liverpool at her appointed time. There, however, Captain Stone was cited to appear before a Court of Inquiry, and after a patient and particular investigation of the circumstances his certificate was ordered to be sus pended for six months. The Court found that Capain Stone had depended for information as to the course the ship was taking upon his own know ledge and experience, instead of ascertaining, its the Court held he ought to have done, what his position really was by using the lead, and, conse quently, that the stranding of the vessel was occa sioned by a culpable want of caution on his part. Now, it appears that Captain Stone stands high among the captains of the Cunard line, and not without reason. He has been twenty years in the service, during the last fifteen of which he has been a master ; and he has made two hundred and thirty passages across the Atlantic without ever losing a ship, or getting a vessel,while in his charge, ashore. That there should be a warm expression of sympathy with such a man is not at all surprising. But there is more than this. The Mercantile Marine Service Association at Liverpool has taken the matter up, and pronounced an opinion adverse, not only to the decision of the Court of Inquiry which tried Captain Stone, but to the con s tit u ti on and jurisdiction of all Courts of Inquiry h e ld un d er the provisions of the Merchant Shipping Act. They are not only going to appeal against the suspension of Captam Stone's certificate, but to take some steps to procure a change in the law establi s hi ng tribu nals which are, they say, funda mentalopposed to the petitionthe interests te to re t shts;ießfode mercantile o principles of the British Constitution, and intheirope m ra a t r io in n e. prejudicial to Further, a of Trade, in which these views are again urged an d expressed has been signed by a great number of the merchants, shipowners, and other inhabitants of Liverpool. The captains of the Cunard line have also held an indignation meeting, and their out-spoken, up-standing adherence to a brother officer in misfortune does them very much honour. As might be expected, they defend Captain Stone without reserve, and loudly maintain that it is slovenly and not bold seamanship that loses ships. This: may be, and we have no doubt is, in some respects true ; still the public, we appre hend, will continue to prefer the happy combi nation of prudence and courage which has hitherto so favourably distinguished the commanders of this well-known line; and we are glad to notice that the senior captain in the service strongly recom mends the placing of a fog whistle at Cape Race. The assertion, coming from an experienced sea man, that such a whistle, which could be heard at a distance of twelve miles, deserves attention, though it does not fit in with Captain Stone's statement that the evening of the 12th of October was dark and hazy, but not foggy. It is a pity that Captain Judkins spoilt a useful suggestion by hinting that our Government was disinclined to introduce the fog whistle because it is an American invention. This was very silly, for the idea is altogether too absurd to be entertained. There are, therefore, two objections taken to the sen - tepee passed on the captain of the Africa, and it is very desirable to keep them as far apart as is possible. In behalf of Captain Stone it is argued that if he neglected any proper precaution, and many of his supporters deny that he did, the error, if error it was, would have been abundantly provided against for the future by a private caution. But the real objections to the proceedings of the Court of Inquiry are, first, that in this particular case no public investigation was necessary ; next, that in all cases an investigation conducted by per sons who may or may not be competent to exercise the irresponsible power lodged in their hands, and who have in some instances exhibited a complete ignorance of nautical matters, is at once a griev ous professional hardship and a mockery of com mon justice. This we can understand; and there is in this country a powerful and, to a certain extent, a very wholesome objection to any legis lative interference with private enterprise. To any general recognition of the principle which we have partially introduced in the inspection of fac tories, and railways, and nuisances—to anything, that is to say, at all resembling the Continental system of Governmental protection—there would be a widespread and overwhelming resistance. But there is much to be said on the other side, and much that is relevant to this case. We know how the American clippers rush over the ocean through no matter how dense a fog, with their steam all up, and every stitch of canvas set, and we discern, even in the speeches of our Cunard captains a rather ominous predilection for New York notions. There really must, then, be some restraint imposed upon the fast ideas of merchants and shipowners; there must be some security taken by the Government of the country on the part of people who have to travel in steamers and railways ; there must be some form of investigation, some sort of inquiry. Indepen dence is one thing, and the absence of all supervision another. At the same time, there certainly is no power that ought to be employed with more discre tion than this that takes upon itself the duty of providing for the public safety ; and if it can be shown that the Courts of Inquiry appointed by the Merchant Shipping Act are open to the objections now raised against them, let us see how they can be amended. If they are arbitrary, or ignorant, or incapable—if their constitution is incompatible with their object—there can be no difficulty, we hope, in coming to a better understanding with our shipowners and captains without surrendering guarantees which the Legislature has wisely established. COUNTRY MARKETS• WAKEFIELD-FRIDAY. The show of wheat to-day was large. Last Friday's rat es were maintained, but the trade only moderate. Barley of choice quality fully as dear, but general runs are a slow sale, and rather cheaper. Oats, beans, and shelling un changed. LINCOLN- A good quantity of wheal day, and the demand was fair all descriptions. White wheat new, 42s to 4.5 s Red do. 3Bs to 40s Old white —s to —s Red do. —s to —s Barley, malting 34s to 38s -FRIDAY. it on offer at our market to r. Prices fully supported for Barley, grinding 288 to 333 Oats, old, .. 23s to 253 New do 208 to 255 Beans. 388 to 413 Beans, new 34s to 388 LIVERPOOL—FRIDAY. At this day's market we had a small attendance both of millers and dealers. There was a good demand for all descriptions of fine wheat and flour, at rather higher paces than those current on Tuesday last. Oats and oatmeal ne glected, and each the turn lower. Barley, beans, and peas unaltered. Indian corn more inquired for. CORK-FRIDAY. The following were the quotations this morning :—Red wheat, 7s Od to 8s 9il; white, 7s (3d to 8s 10d , barley, 34 6d to 8s Od ; oats, 4s 8d to 6s 2d ; black do., 4s 8d to 5a 61. DUBLIN- A steady market for all goo instances an advance of 6d white. -FRIDAY, I kinds of grain, and in somo to is was realised in prime s. d. s. d. Wheat, white.. 23 0 to 25 0 Do., red .. 20 0 to 23 0 Do., new .... 0 to 0 Barley Oats Do., black — 0 to 0 s. d. s. d. Oatmeal lO 0 to 13 0 Beans.. . —oto 0 Bere - 0 Rapeseed Bakers' flour Indian corn BRISTOL SUGAR—FRIDAY. Prices are again higher ' and all kinds of raw sugar mu st be quoted 4s dearer than last week. Refined has been in good demand at improved rates. Rum steady, and a fair business doing. COAL Prices of Coal per Ton a 1 g. d. Buddle'sWest Hartley 15 9 Eden Main ...17 0 Hastings Hartley —.16 0 Lambert's West Hart- AKKET. the close of the market. S. d Walls End. Framwellgate.. l7 0 Hetton l9 0 Haswell Cassop lB 0 Caradoc lB 6 lielloe .... l7 9 Gosforth l6 6 Harton 16 6 Braddyll's Hetton 17 9 Hartlep00l South Hetton ...19 0 -- ley 15 9 Byass's Bebside West Hartley ..16 0 Cowpen Hartley 16 0 Tantield Moor l5 6 Walla End. Russel's Hetton 17 9 North Hartlepool 15 6 Ships at mark) )t, 88 ; ssold, 5. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton....... Nov. 18. via Marseilles .. Dec. 13 Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. Dec. 4 Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena.. Nov. 29. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton. Nov. 18. via Marseilles ...Nov. ....7. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton OO Nov. 18. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Nov. 18. via Marseilles Nov. 27 India (Bombay), via Southampton Nov. 26. via Marseilles Nov. 20. P0rtuga1.......... Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Nov. 18. via Marseilles . .Nov. 20. Newfoundland .. Nov. 25. Oporto and Vigo .. U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.... Nov. 25 by U.S. packet.... by Canadian packet. Nov. 20. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Leneritie Nov. —. Bahamas, via New York Mexico Nov 28 ......... •••• • • All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Fe n ' , 1 Dec. 28. California. and British Columbia.... ........ Births. -- -- - BAILEY.—On the 17th inst., ati Glenusk-park, the wife of Sir J. R. Bailey, Bart., prematurely, of a son, surviving only three hours. CUSTANCE.—On the 16th inst., at Fryern Court, the wife of Colonel W. Neville Custance, C. 8., of a daughter. MILLS —On the 20th inst., at 9, Grosvenor-square, the en House, H ouns low, 0 Louisa theMills,l 19th f a h, inst., a a u t g c h a t e m r. d the wife of Colonel Oakes, 12th Lancers, of a daughter. Marriages. BRUCE—TirortsHILL.—On the 19th inst., at Itiddleswortli? the lion. T. C. Bruce, youngest son of the late Earl of Elgin and Kincardine, to Sarah Caroline, eldest daugh' ter of Thomas Thornhill, R.q., of Riddleaworth Hallo Norfolk. GUY—POTTER.—On the 18th inst., at Hampstead parish church, John Guy, Esq., of Baddington, Surrey, to Emma Susanna, eldest daughter of Wm. Potter, EEO of St. John's -wood-park. Deaths. ALtXANDER.—On the 20th of Sept., at Sealkote, India , Frances Henrietta, child of Captain Robert Alexander, 20th Hussars, Bow - MAN.—On the 19th inst., at Springwell, Clap'lara. common, Miss Emma Bowman. - CROMPTON.—On the 19th inst., at 6, Drayton grove, Nest Brompton, George Crompton, Esq., aged 71. COOMBS,—On the 18th inst , at Clapham-common, Thos' Merriman Coombs. FRY.—On the 20th inst., George Fry, of the Rolls•cour t, aged 62. HUTTON.—On the 18th inst., Timothy Hutton, Eq. , ° f Menke Hall and Clifton Castle, in the county of York, aged 84. PARNELL.—On the 19th inst., at Portsea, Richd. Burnett • Parnell, Ehq. London: Prinzed and Published by WILLIAM ANDRE-rve, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TILE SUN Office No. 11', Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy. n the cotintY C t Middleecx.—Saturday, November 2 1 . 1663. FREE 11;to A ,. Cu s 1 - _Ai E Ch To l ; Pan 4 'rp ui (T 0 , Th a John ich a -Kobe; Fine! Janie; 1; 1, I 4 1 \ii; ~trF Viili Albei Georg of torn U'ho C,LI , ILtlc 1 tet