The Sun. — London, England, 1854-09-22 00:00:00

VISIT TO SEBASTOPOL. We extract the following interesting account of a visit to Sebastopol, from "Travels in the Baltic, Black Sea, and Crimea," by Charles H. Scott : The port of Sebastopol consists of a bay running in a south-eaaterly.direction about four miles long, and a mile wide at the entrance, diminishing to 400 yards at the end, where the " Techernaia Retchka," or Black River, empties itself. The average depth is about eight fathoms, the bot tom being composed of mud in the centre, and gravel at the sides. On the southern coast of this bay are the com mercial, military, and careening harbours ' • the quarantine harbour being outside the entrance ; all these taking a southerly direction and having deep water. The military harbour is the largest, being about a mile and-a-half long, by 400 yards wide, and is completely land locked on every side. Here it is that the Black Sea fleet is moored in thewinter ; the largest ships being able to lie with all their stores on board close to the quays. The small harbour, which contains the naval arsenal and docks, is on the eastern side of the military harbour, near the en trance. The port is defended to the south by six principal batteries and fortresses, each mounting from 50 to 190 guns; and the north by four, having from 18 to 120 pieces each ; and besides these there are many s maller batteries. The fortresses are built on the casemate principle, three of them having three tiers of guns, and a fourth two tiers. Fort St. Nicholas is the largest, and mounts about 90 t guns ; on carefully counting them, we mad e 186. By gre a interest we obtained permission to enter t his fortress. It is built of white limestone ; a fine sound stone, which be comes hard, and is very durable, the same material being used for all the other forts. Between every two casetnates are furnaces for heating shot red hot. We measured the calibre of the guns, and found it to be eight inches, ca pable of throwing shells or 681 b, solid shot. Whether all the guns in the fortress were of the same size it is impossible to say ; but my belief is that most of the fortifications of S e bastopol are heavily armed. We entered Fort St. Nicholas through the elegantly-furnished apartments of the military commandant, situated at its south-western end. At the period of our visit there were certainly not more than 850 pieces of artillery defending the port towards the sea, and of these about 350 could b e concen t ra t e d o n a ship entering the bay.* Other batteries, however, are said to have been since built. We took some trouble to ascertain these facts by counting the guns of the various forts, not a lways an easy matter where any suspicion of our object might have subjected us to grave inconveniences. Sebas topol is admirably adapted by nature for a strong position towards the sea, and it will be seen from what we have stated above that this has been fully taken advantage of to render it one of the most formidable fortified places in that direction which could be imagined. We are well aware that the casemated fortresses are very badly constructed, and though, having an imposing exte rior, that the walls aro filled in with rubble. The work was carried on under Russian engineers, whose object was to make as much money as possible out of it. They were, Moreover, found to be defective in ventilation, to remedy which some alterations were subsequently made; but, ad mitting all their defects, they are still strong enough to in flict some amount of injury on an attacking fleet before their guns could be sileiced. And when that is accom plished, supposing there are now 950 pieces, there would still remain 500 guns of large calibre, in strong open bat teries, half of them throwing shells and red-hot shot, inde pendent of mortars. This is a force of armament against which no fleets have been tried, not only with regard to the number of guns and weight of metal, but the nature of the projectiles; any single shell fired point blank, and striking between wind and water, being sufficient to sink a ship. If Sebastopol can be so easily taken by the allied fleets alone, and without land forces, as some people appear to imagine, it would be very satisfactory to know what amount of resistance it is expected that Portsmouth could offer to an enemy with her 70 or 80 guns, not above five and-twenty of which are heavier than 32-pounders.. We do not mean to assert that it is impossible to de stroy Sebastopol from the sea alone, but we believe that it could only be accomplished by an unnecessary sacrifice of life and ships with our present means, and that it would be nothing short of madness to attempt it, unless we had a reserve fleet on the spot, sufficiently strong to insure the command of the Black Sea in case of failnre.t In speaking of the means of defence at Sebastopol, we have lift the Russian fleet out of the question. This, however, is not to be treated either with indifference or contempt ; for, while we are ready to admit that, neither in the strength of the ships, in the quality of the sailors, nor in any other respect, can it be compared for an in stant to those of England and France; yet there can be no doubt of the Russian seamen being well-trained in gunnery, nor of their being endowed with a kind of passive courage, which would lead them to stick to their work, when not called upon to exercise their seamanship, in which they are very deficient. _ There were in the military harbour of Sebastopol twelve line-of-battle ships, eigat frigates, and seven corvettes, comprising the Black Sea fleet, independent of steamers. We visited, amongst others, the Twelve Apostles, of 120 guns, and the first lieutenant accompanied us over leer. She was a remarkably fine-looking ship, in excellent order, and very neat in her fittings. One thing which instantly struck us was the absence of hammock-hooks, but we learned that beds were luxuries which the Russian sailors never dream of, the decks forming their only resting-places. On descending to the shell-room we examined one of the shells, and found it fitted with the common fuse. Now, as at that time it was believed that the Russians possessed a percussion or concussion shell, superior to any in the world, we were anxious to ascertain whether this was really the case ; but, from the inquiries we made of the lieutenant, we are convinced that such a shell existed only in, imagination ; that the common fuse was in use through out the service, and may be so to the present day. The ports of the ship were marked with lines at different angles, by which to facilitate the concentration of the guns. We thanked our conductor for his politeness, and in doing so expressed our admiration of the ship. " Yes," said he, " she is worthy of your praises. She was built on the lines of your Queen, now in the Mediterranean, by a Russian architect, educated in one of the royal dockyards of England." There is the same peculation and corruption going on in the ship-building as in all other departments in Russia ; and at Sebastopol everything which proves defective in a ship is attributed to a destructive worm, about which the officials interested in doing so, relate tales almost as won - derful as those of the great sea-serpent. When a ship's bottom becomes prematurely rotten, as unseasoned timber is of course out of the question, the worm is the cause of the mischief; but how this singular creature has managed to pass through the copper without leaving a hole no ono attempts to explain. In the Baltic, where no worm exists, the destructive quality of the fresh water is equally great. The town of Sebastopol is situated on the point of land between the commercial and military harbours, which rises.gradually from the water's edge to an elevation of two hundred feet. It is more than a mile in length, and its greatest width is about three quarters of a mile, the streets entering the open steppe on the south. It was partly defended on the west, towards the land, by a loopholed wall, which had been pronounced by one of the first en gineers of Russia as perfectly useless, and plans for com pletely fortifying the place in that direction were said to have been made ; but whether the work has since been carried out we know not, though we have a deep convic tion that strong defences will be found to exist there by the time a besieging army arrives. These, however, being hurriedly raised, can neither be of sufficient magnitude nor strength to offer a serious resistance to a long-continued fire of heavy artillery ; and unless these fortifications are on a most extensive scale, and embrace a very wide circuit, they may be commanded from so many points, that, attacked with heavy guns of long range, their speedy reduction becomes a matter of certainty. None of the sea batteries or forts are of the slightest ser vice for defence on the land side. Indeed, the great fort St. Nicholas has not a gun pointed in that direction; and such an armament would be perfectly useless if it existed, as that part of the hill on which the town stands rises behind it to a height of 200 feet. In fact, all the fortresses and batteries, both to the north and south of the great bay, are commanded by higher ground in the rear. The first and all-important consideration, in reference to an attack on Sebastopol by land, is to ascertain where an army would find the most desirable place for disem barkation. Theodosia has been gamed amongst other localities, and it has certainly a beautiful harbour and many other conveniences, but the distance from the scene of action is a serious drawback. The troops would have to march over about 130 miles of steppe, as it would be necessary to keep to the north of the mountains, where their progress could be easily arrested. Should wet wea ther set in, this steppe would become in a very short time quite impracticable for heavy artillery and baggage, as there are no roads whatever, and our little experience of rain showed us how rapidly the country became converted into a state closely resembling an Irish bog. Yalta is another port where men and material night be, safely landed, and where but little opposition could be of fered, but although united to Sebastopol by a good road,, this is in many places cut out of the face of the perpendi cular rock, and could not only be defended by the eneniy with facility, but a few hours' work would render it quite impassable. Between Yalta and Balaclava, on the southern coast, there is no available point - but if the latter port could be taken, a_k_ advantageously the surroun di ng 'heights secured, every requisite carrying on operations against Sebas topol would be at once obt ain ed. Distantabout ten miles . onlyD. miles from that town, and connected with it by an axe el lent road, Balaclava se infinitely surpasses all other places for the attainment of the object in view, that there can.not be two opinions on the importance of possessing it, and its admirable harbou r would be of incalculable value to the fleets. Nature has, however, made it s of f ro t z that if the Rus sians have fully availed themselves de fence, it might become work of some difficultyctle t f a or di lodge them ; but it is y erY doubtful whether they have had sufficient time to erect batteries which could hold ont long against the force that could be brought to bear on them. , coul d enter w ith sa f e t y Supposing the whole of the batteries defe n di ng the liar. no shir . hour to be destroyed until all the positions on the which s urroun d and overhang it had been carrie eights carried. Pe Chersonesus Balaclava and . Ca The coast between hseosmneo of the bays on being abrupt and farnbuistsuitable locali precipiton ties for the required purpose.. uhersonese the northern boundary of the an Peninsula m a y possibly be found available. ession of the Cher Were the allied armies in poss son es , m. for, there are t wo g oo d they would find plenty of water, sources towards Balaclava, tho u g h to independent of it. On s' n. of these has been carried by an aq ueduct of Sebastop ol, that pl an,7l supplies the reservoir near the public g ardens . towards Destroying this aqueduct would be n o service t re ducing the town, as that from Inkermau wo uld still re main, and the great fitting basin contains an immense and some small quantity. Besides which there are well s a whe streams at the head of the military harbour, whence the ntiful place formerly drew its only, though not very p e supply. ado Another plan for attacking Sebastopol might be , * Mr. Oliphant says, " Nothing can be more formidable than Sebastopol from the seaward. Upon a future occasion we visited it in a steamer, and found that at one point No were commanded by 1,200 pieces of artillery." Now, if by this passage it is to be understood that 1,20'1 guns mounted on the fortresses and batteries of that place, and commanding the sea, can be concentrated on any one spot, it is manifestly a mistake. That point where the greatest number of pieces e • T :7 otmtillerrcan be concentrated is probably about the centre 7 of' ti line 4fawn from Cape Constance to the eastern promon tory of the Qmiluntine Harbour, on which part of the guns of 4 ',..,i-1 : Fort Constantine\ the Quarantine Battery, Fort Alexander, :.,././ .:::: and Fort Bt. Nicholas, with some from other batteries, may I' . e ,,! ;A . ",.be brought to bear; but these cannot at the utmost amount 41 ', 4 N . ,' to more than 356 1 7 : mended by 1 00 iths of Fort Nicholas. pieces, even allowing that spot to be com t These remarks were written before a land attack on .... 501)600PC4 TrAll'*templated. ( i watt L c THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 22, 1854. parish clerk, the sexton, and gravedigger, for opening the ground in the churchyard, and burying cholera sub jects. therein, contrary to the provisions of the 15th and 16th of Victoria, chap. 58, as well as an order in Council, and by which act they are by law guilty of a misdemeanour. Mr. Bradley stated that for upwards of 12 months, indeed since the promulgation of the order in council, prohibiting the burial of bodies in the churchyard, him self and his family had been freed from the unpleasant smell caused by the exhalations from the burial-ground ; but since the spread of the cholera the sexton recom menced opening the ground, and the consequence was, that close to the wall of his house the body of a young man who died from cholera was buried. Since this had been done, the unpleasant smell increased to such an extent that his family were afraid to open the back windows so as to admit athorough air and the circum stance was altogether not only exceedingly disagreeable to himself and family, but likely seriously to affect their health. Mr. Elliott—ls this done by the order of the church wardens ? Mr. Bradley—l think not, sir. It is done by Brook, the sexton, merely for the purpose of gain, while I have no doubt he represents to the parish authorities that the graves opened are family graves. I shall be able to prove 1.1 witnesses that the grave opened for the inter ment, on the 4th instant, of the body of a young man who died of cholera, was not a family grave, but had merely been opened on the payment of a fee of five shil lings. Indeed Brook, the sexton, makes no secret of the matter; but says he will bury anybody for a fee of from one shilling upwards. Mr. Elliott—You may take your summons. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TATTERSALL'S-YESTEBDAT. Owing to the meetings at Leicester and Manchester, the room was very thinly attended. 500 to 25 and 200 to 10 against Muscovite for the Cesarewitch, and 500 to 15 against the Nailer for the Derby, were the only bets laid. In the City quotations respecting the Cesarewitch, Balrownie was put at 30 to 1 taken and offered. by landing to the north of the bay of Inkerman, destroying or taking Fort Constantine, and all other batteries from the rear, and thence bombarding the naval arsenal, the town, and ships ; and, indeed, this is the only alternative, if a footing cannot be effected in the Claersoneaus. The streets are built in parallel lines, from north to south, and intersected by others from east to west ; and the houses being of limestone have a substantial appear. ance. The public buildings are fine. The library erected by the Emperor for the use bf naval and military officers, is of Grecian architecture, and is. elegantly fitted up inter nally. The books are principally confined to naval and military subjects, and the sciences connected with them, history, and some light reading. The club-house is handsome externally and comfortable within ; it contains a large ball-room, which is its most striking feature, and billiard rooms, which appeared to be the great centres of attraction ; but one looked in vain for reading rooms, filled with newspapers and journals, such as are found in the clubs of England. There are many good churches ; and a fine landing-place of stone, from the military harbour, approached on the side of the town beneath an architrave supported by high columns. It also boasts an Italian opera-house, the first performance for the season at which took place during our visit; but we cannot say much for the singing; the company being third-rate, and the voice of the " prima donna" very much resembling,. at times, a cracked trumpet. The house itself was badly fitted up. The eastern side of the town is so steep that the mast heads of the ships cannot be seen until one gets close to them. Very beautiful views are obtained from some parts of the place, and it is altogether agreeably situated. A military band plays every Thursday evening in the public gardens, at which time the fashionables assemble in great numbers. As Sebastopol is held exclusively as a military and naval position, commerce does not exist. The only articles im ported by sea being those required for material of war, or as provisions for the inhabitants and garrison. On the eastern side of the military harbour, opposite to the town, is a line of buildings consisting of barracks, some storehouses, and a large naval hospital, which we inspected. The wards are good, bat too much crowded ; many of the arrangements are bad, and the ventilation in some parts exceedingly defective, the effluvia being most offensive. But perhaps this is permitted on hygean principles, seeing that the Russian is so accustomed to foul odours from his birth that the physicians may consider a return to a little artificial native air as beneficial after a sea voyage. Sebastopol is not the port of construction for ships of war ; they are all built at Nicholiev, on the river Bug, as Petersburg is the building-place for Cronstadt. But here all repairs are done, and stores and materials of war in great quantity are kept in the naval arsenal. The works that have been accomplished in the little port appropriated to this department are immense. The quays are well and strongly built of limestone with granite cop ings under the superintendence of an English master mason. Along the eastern quay are ten large stone buildings, for storehouses, then in course of construction, 5 of which were already finished. But all other works sink into insignificance at Sebasto pol, before those projected and accomplished by Culonel Upton, under immense engineering difficulties. They con sist of a great fitting basin, into which open five dry docks, three at the end, and one at each side of the entrance canal. As there is no tide, these docks are about the level of the sea, and the ships are floated into them by locks, of which there are three, having a rise of ten feet each. To supply the basin, and thence the canal, the water is brought eleven miles by a beautiful aqueduct of stone into which the Black Sea has been turned beyond Inkerman. This passes, at one part, through an excavated tunnel nine hundred feet long, which is constructed on arches in five or six other places. To form a great reservoir, and thus to insure a constant supply of water, an enormous dyke of stone, like those of the pools of Solomon, near Bethlehem, was built across a mountain gorge, but on a much more stupendous scale. Mr. William Upton superintended the engineering depart ment, and the work was achieved with perfect success, proper sluices being constructed to prevent too great a pressure in case of unusually heavy rain. Sooa after all was finished, however, a terrific thunder storm arose ; the valley rapidly filled with water, and a great land-slip from the side of the mountain took place, the sluices were thus blocked up, and the flood at last poured over the top, taking away tier after tier of stones, until there was left nothing of the work of years but a jumbled teased ruin. `then we stood upon the remaining portion of this ma sonry, and remarked its extraordinary strength and soli dity, we could scarcely comprehend how the rushing of any amount of water could have produced such results. In order to make sufficient space for the dock, the canal of which leads from the southern extremity of the little port, it was necessary to cut away a portion of the moun tain, and on the top of the great perpendicular wall thus made ❑ow stands a massive pile of stone buildings, used as the sailors' winter barracks. In case of an enemypenetrating the dockyard port, these barracks might be held as a formidable position by men armed with the Minie rifle; and it has been suggested that a couple of line-of-battle ships in the basin, with their broadsides to the port, and commanding it, would also form a battery of great power. Thus, in an attack by sea alone on Sebastopol every inch of ground would have to be contested. A larger filter has been erected, from which pipes are carried to the quay, into which a stream has been turned from the aqueduct, and when a ship requires a supply of water, she or the tank barges have only to go alongside, a hose is attached to the pipe, put on board, and the process is accomplished with the greatest facility and expedition. No expense has been spared to render this naval arsenal perfect, and we doubt whether, in many respects, there is another in Europe so convenient, always supposing the works projected to have been carried out. The streets of Sebastopol, as may be expected, teem with soldiers and sailors. Indeed, no one unconnected with the services lives there, and all but Russians are dis couraged or forbidden to do so. The Jews were at one time ordered away from it entirely, but some few have been allowed to return. It was said that no foreigners were permitted to remain there more than twenty-four hours ; but during a sojourn of ten days we met with no interference, although we visited, and curiously examined, all parts of the town, and everything worth seeing iu it. THE CRIMEA. Crimea, the Chersonesus Taurica of the ancients, a peninsula of Ru,sia in Europe, Government of Taurida, hetween 44.23 deg. and 46 de g . N. lat., and 32.33 deg. and 36.22 deg. E. long. It is united on the north to the mainland by the Isthmus of Perekop, five miles in width, and has on its east the Sivache, or Putrid Sea, the Sea of Azoff, and the Straits of Yenical6, by which it is separated from the Isle of Taman, being every where else surrounded by the Black Sea. It is estimated to contain about 15,000 square miles. Population un known. The Crimea is divided into two distinct parts, one lying north and the other south of the river Sal ghir, which flows from west to east, and is the only stream of any importance in the peninsula. The for mer consists almost entirely of vast plains, or steppes, destitute of trees, but covered with luxuriant pasture, except where they are interspersed with heaths, salt lakes, and marshes. The climate of this region is far from good, being cold and damp in winter, and oppres sively hot and very unhealthy in summer, particularly along the Putrid Sea. The aspect and climate of the other or south portion of the peninsula are entirely different. It presents a succession of lofty mountains, picturesque ravines, chasms, and the most beautiful slopes and val leys. The mountains, formed of strata of calcareous rocks, stretch along the south coast from Caffa on the east to Balaklava, on the west. The Tchadyadag, or tent mountain, the highest in the chain, rises to the height of about 5,110 ft. above the level of the sea, and several of the other summits attain to a considerable elevation. The climate of the valleys and of the slopes between the moun tains and the sea is said to be the most delicious that can be imagined ; and besides the common products, such as corn, flax, hemp, and tobacco, vines, olives, fig-trees, mulberry-trees, pomegranates, oranges, &c., flourish in the greatest profusion. Pallas, Dr. Clarke, and others, have given the most glowing descriptions of this inter esting region. According to Clarke, "If there exist a terrestrial paradise, it is to be found in the district intervening between Kutchukoy and Sudak, on the south coast of the Crimea. Protected by en circling alps, from every cold and blighting wind, and only open to those breezes which are wafted from the south, the inhabitants enjoy every advantage of climate and of situation. Continual streams of crystal water pour down from the mountains upon their gardens, where every species of fruit known in the rest of Europe, and many that are not, attain the highest perfection. Neither unwholesome exhalations, nor chilling winds, nor venomous insects, nor poisonous reptiles, nor hostile neighbours, infest their blessed ter ritory. The life of its inhabitants resembles that of the golden age. The soil, like a hotbed, rapidly puts forth such a variety of spontaneous produce that labour be comes merely an amusing exercise. Peace and plenty crown their board ; while the repose they so much ad mire is only interrupted by harmless thunder, reverberat ing oa rocks above them, or by the murmur of the wave on the beach below." (Clarke, ii., p. 252, Bvo. ed.) But if this description be as faithful as it is eloquent, it will not certainly apply to any other portion of the Crimea, not even to the famous Valley of Baidar. At certain seasons of the year the finest parts of the penin sula are infested with swarms of locusts, which frequently commit the most dreadful devastations, nothing escaping them, from the leaves of the forest to the herbs of the plain. Tarantulas, centipedes, scorpions, and other venomous insects are also met with in most parts ; and even to the south of the mountains the air in autumn is not everywhere salubrious, and malignant fevers are not uncommon. _ _ _ Owing to the thinness of the population, and their want of industry, the Crimea, which in antiquity was the granary of Athens, and whose natural fertility is no. wise diminished, does not produce a tenth part of what it might do. The steppe, or north portion, is in general more suitable for grazing than for tillage, and is depas tured by immense numbers of sheep, horses, and black cattle. Some of the rich Nogai Tartars are said to have as many as 50,000 sheep, and 1,000 horses ; and the poorer classes have 100 of the former and ten of the latter. Thousands of cattle often belong to a single in dividual ; camels also are abundant. Breed of horses improved by crossing with Arabs. Sheep, mostly of the large -tailed species peculiar to the Kirghises. The buf falo is domesticated, and yields a rich milk ; and the cultur e of bees is a good deal attended to. Though they have renounced their migratory habits, the Tar tars, who constitute the bulk of the population, have little liking to or skill in husbandry. Exclusive of milk and other animal food, they subsist chiefly on millet, produ c i ng , h owever, in some years, as much a s 150,000 chetwerts of wheat for exportation. The mountainous or south portion of the F.ninsula furnishes a large quantity of indifferent wines, with flax fruits, timber , honey and wax, & c . ; but the cuiti va th n of corn is so little attended to that even in the best years its inhabitants have to import a large proportion of their supplies The most important an d valuable product of • the Crimea is the salt derived from the s alt lakes in the vicinity of Porekop, e C T a h Gm ff e a o e nKros quantity exported Koslow, and e and yields revenue. h sch amounts to from 1,500,000 t o t enroapbolellsed by 2,000,000 poods a year L the lakes of Porekop are even more productive. At Koslow there is only a sin g l e lake. In 1833 the different lakes of the Crimea pro duced the immense quantity of 15,065,000 poods (242 ) 000 tens), a which $014, 555 k iv r " n ! l°. " the course of the year. About 13,000 men are employed in the works. Each pood cost the treasury four copecks or thereabouts, the expense of production being seldom greater than from six to ten copecks. Government sells this salt at 80 copecks per pood, except the portion destined for the consumption of the peninsula, which only pays 15 copecks. Salt exported is charged with a duty of 5 copecks. (Hagemeister on the Trade of the Black Sea, p. 130, Eng. Trans.) Exclusive of salt and corn, the other principal articles of export are wine, honey (of an excellent quality), wax, morocco leather, hides, a considerable quantity of inferior wool, with lamb-skins, which are highly esteemed, lc. Silks and cottons, in the style of the Asiatics, form the basis of the import trade ; and there are also imported woollen stuffs, wine, oil, dried fruits, tobacco, jewellery, drugs, and spices. The only manufacture worth notice is that of morocco leather. Principal towns :—Kertsch, Caffa, BaleAlava, and Koslow, or Eupatoria. Sebastopol, the finest harbour in the peninsula, is one of the stations of the Russian fleet. Baktchiserai was the capital under the Khans. Simpheropol is, however,• the modern capital, not of the Crimea only, but of the entire Go vernment of Taurida. The population consists of Tartars, Russia's, Greeks, Germane, Jews, Armenians, and gipsies. The variety of different nations found in the Crimea, and the fact that each lives as in its own country, practising its peculiar customs and preserving its religious rites, is one of the remarkable circumstances that render the peninsula so curious to a stranger. The number of Tartars has declined con siderably, by emigration and otherwise, since the occu pation of the country by the Russians ; but they still form the nucleus and main body of the population. They consist, first, of Nogai Tartars, living in villages, who pique themselves on their pure Mongolian blood ; 2d, of Tartars of the steppe, of less pure descent ; and 3d, of those inhabiting the south coast, a mixed breed, largely alloyed with Greek and Turkish blood, and despised by the others, who bestow on them the contemptuous de signation of Tut or renegade. They are all attached to the Mahommedan faith, and Simpheropol is the seat of one of the two muftis of the Russian Empire. The Tar tars are divided into the classes of nobles (moorzas), of whom there are 250 priests (mullahs), and peasants. A mullah is at the head of every parish, and nothing is undertaken without his consent. The peasants plough his land, sow and reap his corn, and carry it home ; and it is seldom that the proprietor takes tithe of the priest. In summer the feet and legs of the peasantry are bare ; but in winter they are clothed after the Russian fashion. They are simple in their manners and dress ; and their sobriety, chastity, cleanliness, and hospitality have been highly eulogised, and probably exaggerated ; they live principally on the produce of their flocks and herds ; are wedded to routine practices ; and if they be not, as Pal las seems to have supposed, decidedly averse to labour, they, at all events, are but little disposed to be indus trious. The emigration that took place after the occu pation of the country by the Russians was owing quite as much to the efforts of the latter to convert the Tartars into husbandmen as to the excesses they committed (Reuilly, p. 176). In their diet they make great use of honey, and are much addicted to smoking. Every family has two or more copies of the Koran, which the children are taught to read ; but despite of this, and of the schools established in their villages, they are, for the most part, exceedingly ignorant. During the present century Government has exerted itself to improve the condition and to enlighten the minds of the inhabitants, and also to increase their num bers and improve their habits, by planting among them industrious colonists from Germany and elsewhere. The unhealthiness of the climate is the great obstacle to the progress of the latter.—M'Cullocla. CRIMINAL COURT.—Sept. 20. OLD COURT. Jane Barrington, 26, was indicted for the wilful murder of her male infant. Mr. Ribton prosecuted ; Mr. Duncan was counsel for the defence. It appeared that the prisoner and her husband were in humble circumstances, and occupied one room in a housein Arrow-street, Southwark. The child in ques tion was about a fortnight old at the time of its death, and it appeared that within five days of the prisoner's delivery she had left her bed, and was engaged in wash ing, and there appeared to be very little doubt that this premature exertion had excited her and affected her brain. On the sth of September she was in a very w►ld state, and she made use of several incoherent expressions relating to her child, and she at length exclaimed that she had done for it by giving it laudanum. The child appeared to be very ill, and upon its being taken to a surgeon named Rendell, he expressed an opinion that it was suffering from the administration of some narcotic poison, and it was removed to the workhouse, where it died two days afterwards. It appeared that the pri soner had admitted that she had purchased a penny worth of laudanum, and that she gave some to the child, but there was no trace of that ingredient in the stomach, and Mr. Rendell said, in cross-examination, that be should have thought the child had died of natural causes if he had not been aware of the previous circumstances of the case. _ _ _ _ Mr. Duncan made a very feeling address to the jury on behalf of the prisoner, and he called Mr. Evans, the surgeon of the parish, as a witness, and he stated, that even supposing laudanum had been administered to the child, he was opinion that it had entirely re covered from its effects, and that it died from natural causes. His lordship, upon this evidence, stopped the case, and. the jury at once returned a verdict of not guilty. Jane Colbert, 33, was indicted for the manslaughter of Wil (lain Colbert. Mr. Robinson prosecuted ; Mr. Lilley was counsel for the prisoner. The facti of this case will be fresh in the recollection of the public. The deceased was the husband of the prisoner, and it appeared that he was constantly in the habit of getting drunk and ill-using her. On the occa sion in question he had knocked her down and struck her several times, and in a sudden fury she seized a knife and threw it at him, and the blade entered his body, and pierced the lung and caused his death. The jury found the prisoner guilty, but strongly re commended her to mercy. She was sentenced to be imprisoned for one week. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. MANSION-HOITSE.—Mary Jackson, a dexterous thief, was charged before the Lord Mayor with robbing a poor man, named William Nurse, of his purse, con taining Bs. 6d. From the evidence of the prosecutor it appeared that whilst walking in Mark-lane, shout 9 o'clock the pre vious evening, the prisoner advanced towards him, and Faid, " My dear, I want you," at the same time placing her arms round his body. He almost immediately folt his purse abstracted from his breeches pocket by the prisoner, who decamped. On his overtaking and seiz ing her, she became extremely indignant at the idea of being taxed with the robbery. A policeman then came up, into whose custody she was consigned. John Wingrove, constable, 744, said that hearing the cry of ` ,police" in the neighbourhood of Mark-lane he proceeded thither, and found the prosecutor and prisoner struggling together. After lodging the latter in the station-house, he returned to the spot where he appre hended her, and found the empty purse of the prosecutor. The prosecutor, in reply to the Lord Mayor, said that although he was quite confident that when the prisoner placed her arms round him his money was safe in the purse produced in his breeches pocket, yet by some un accountable sleight of hand she had contrived, after she was in custody, and most likely at the station-house, to slip the silver into the breast pocket of his coat, where he found it. The prisoner called her landlady, who gave her a famous character, saying that she got her living by ironing and washing. The Lord Mayor said he had some doubt whether a jury under all the circumstances would convict the Pri soner were she sent for trial, although there could, be no doubt of her guilt. She was then seatenced to 14 days' imprisonment and hard labour. LAMBETH.—John Thomas Davis appeared to an swer a charge of brutally assaulting his wife. Mr. Solomon stated that the defendant had been mar riivi to the unfortunate woman for about three years, and his conduct towards her, particularly for the last 12 months, had been of so brutal a character that the, poor-creature was reduced to a state of comparative im becility. The wife was here called into the witness-box, When offered the Testament to be sworn she refused to take hold of it as well as to be sworn, and stared vacantly about the court, and particularly at her brutal husband. Mr. Solomon said he was enabled to prove the offence by other witnesses, and called George Briggs, who deposed that he resided within a door or two of the defendant, in Neate-street, Camber well, and had frequently heard Mrs. Davis call 'out when being ill-used. On Friday evening last, when passing the defendant's door, he saw him strike his v►ife with all his force on the face, and she instantly dropped on her knees. She got up and the defendant struck her again and knocked her down a second time. This (said the witness) was too much for me to bear, and I in stantly rushed at and seized the prisoner. Mr, Solomon—Were the blows struck by the de. fondant severe blows ? Witness—Severe ! Yes, sir ; they were severe. Such as I should not like to have had. Mr. George Burnham, the father of the poor woman, said the defendant had been the greatest brute to his daughter that could be well imagined, and described several acts of brutality towards, and total neglect of, his wife. (The defendant here commenced grinning at the witness, and tearing his hair, and his appearance at the time was more like a fiend than a human being.) Tise witness further stated that the defendant had made use of the most violent threats towards him, and bad de clared he would shoot him. Defendant—You know I did challenge you to come out like a man, and fight me with pistols, but you had not the courage to do so. Mr. Gu❑n, the clerk—l think the less you say about manly courage the better, fur a minute ago you were blubbering like a booby boy. Mr. Elliott, observing the state of imbecility to which the unfortunate woman was reduced, suggested, as the better course, that the case should be adjourned for a week, and that in the interim the poor woman should be placed in some asylum or place of safety. Mr. Solomon and the father of Mrs. Davis acquiesced in the suggestion that fell from the bench, and the case was adjourned for a week. Mr. Bradley, a tradesman, in High-street, Newington, the back part of whose premises abut on tie east side of the churchyard belonging to the old church, Newington, APPlied fora runmona *gaud one of the curates, the LEICESTER RACES.-TEURSDAY. Her MAJESTY'S PLATE of 100 gs ; three-yr-olds, 7st 71b ; four, 9S t ; five, 9st 7lb ; six and aged, 9st 91b. Three miles. Lord Wm. Po wlett's Sharavogue, 5 yrs...(S. Rogers) 1 Mr. E. Parr's Newbold, 3 yrs (Quinton) 2 Mr. R. H. Jones's Adelaide, 3 yrs (Charlton) 3 Betting-7 to 4on Sharavogue, 7to 4 agst Adelaide, 2 to 1 agst Newbold. Won easily by two lengths. Adelaide was beaten off. The SCURRY HANDICAP of 10 sous each, 3 ft if declared, with 50 added ; for three•yr-olds and upwards. Win narb of any handicap after the weights are declared, 71b extra. Half a mile. 20 subs, 9 of whom de clared. Mr. Mather's Butterfly, h b, 5 yrs, Bst 31b (Charlton) 1 Mr. S. Scott's The Poacher, 4 yrs, 7st 121 b (E. Sharp) 2 Mr. E. Parr's Robert, 5 yrs, Bst 71b (G. Whitehouse) 3 The following also ran :—Speed the Plough, Georgy, Game Chicken, Little Gerard, Remnant, Wire, and Governess. Betting -5 to 2 agst Game 011ieigen, 3to 1 each agst Robert and Butterfly ; 4to 1 apt any other. Won by a length and a half•; a length between the second and third ; Governess was fourth ; the others, with the ex ception of Wire, were well up in her wake. The INKEEPERS' PLATE of 25 sovs, added to a sweep stakes of 3 sovs each, for three-yr-olds and upwards. Once round (about a mile). 9 subs. Lord Chesterfield's Uncle, 4 yrs, 7st 111b...(Ashmall) 1 Captain Christie's Little Tom, 4 yrs, Bst ...(Aldcroft) 2 Mr. Humphries' Pyrois, 3 yrs, 6st 101 b (Wells) 3 The following also ran :—Whitelock, Seducer, and Magnet. Betting-5 to 4 agst Pyrois, sto 2 agst Leducer, 3 to 1 agst Little Tom. Won by a length ; three-quar ters of a length between the second and third ; Seducer was fourth, Whitelock fifth, Magnet last. HANDICAP SWEEPSTAKES of 10 sovs each, h ft., with 50 added. Extra weight for certain winners. Gentle. men riders ; professionals, 61b extra. One mile and a quarter. 10 subs. Mr. T. Oliver's Bright Phcebus, 3 yrs, lOst 101 b (Owner) 1 Mr. T. Dawson's The Jealous One, 3 yrs, lOst 61b (Aldcroft) 2 Mr. Carr's Allington, (h b) 4 yrs, 10st 81b (Mr. Elwes) 3 The following also ran :—Apostate, May-day, and Warwick. Betting—Even on Jealous One, 2 to 1 agst Allington, 5 to 2 agst Warwick. Won by three-quarters of a length. Bad third. On rounding the bottom turn War wick struck into May-day's heels, fell, and rolled on Mr. G. B. Price, his rider, who was thereby severely injured. _ _ _ A PLATE of 25 sovu, added to a sweepstakes of 3 BOYS each, for two-yr-olds and upwards. T.Y.C. Half a-mile. Mr. Rawdoa's Whitelock, 3 yrs (401.), 7st 131 b _ (Kendall) 1 Mr. flare's Chorus, 6 yrs (401.), Bst 131 b (Nightingale) 2 Mr. Blood's Grief, aged (40i.), Bst 81b (Alderoft) 3 Mr. 'Wilmot's Black Pepper, 2 yrs (801 ), sst 41b (Percy) 4 Mr. W. Gordon's Ann Elizabeth, 2 yrs (401.), 4at lolb (Snowden) 5 Betting— 6 to 4 agst Whitelock, who won by a length; three lengths between the second and third. The other two got badly off. The winner was afterwards sold by auction to Mr. Mather for 65 guineas. The CONSOLATION PLATE of 25 60V3, added to a sweep stakes of 3 soya each. For three-yr-olds and up wards. One mile and a half. Capt. Lowther's Rackapelt, 4 yrs, Bst 21b...(E Sharp) 1 Mr. Gulliver's Noisette, 4 yrs, Bst 21b (Wells) 2 Mr. Bartley's Magnet, 4 yrs, Bst 21b (Oliver jun.) 3 Mr. Barling's Sam, 4 yrs, Bst 21b (Self or t) 4 Won by three lengths. The others beaten off. MANCHESTER RACES.-Szpr. 21. WZINER HANDICAP of 10 sovs each, h ft, with 10 added, for all ages. The owner of the second horse to save his stake. The winner of any race after the publica tion of the weights 51b extra. Gentlemen riders. Jockeys 71b extra. One mile and a distance. Mr. Saxon's Hazelnut, 4 yrs, list 31b (Clement) 1 Mr. Smith's Rudstone, 3 yrs, 9st 121 b (Mr Boynton) 2 Mr. J. J. Henderson's Patience, 4 yrs, 10st 81b (Mr. Blake) 3 Mr. Smith's Erdington, 4 yrs, 10st (O wner) 4 Betting-6 to 4 agst Patience, 3to 1 agst Rudstone, 4to 1 agst Hazelnut. Won cleverly by half a length ; two lengths between the second and third ; Erdington beaten off. The CHESTERFIELD HANDICAP of 10 !Joys each. h ft, with 50 added, for two-yr-olds. The winner of any race after the publication of the weights 51b extra. The owner of the second horse to save his stake. About a mile. 15 subs. Mr. Merry's Cock •f the North, Bst (Knott) 3 Mr. J. Osborne's Wheatear, fist 3lb (Carroll) 2 Betting-7 to 4on Wheatear, who turned restive and threw Carroll, was left at the post, and Cock of the North cantered in alone. The WILTON HANDICAP of 10 sovs each, h ft, and 3 only if declared, &c., with 100 added. P ena lti es f or cer tain winners. The owner of the second horse to re ceive 10 sovs out of the stakes. About two nines. 31 subs, 13 of whom declared. Mr. Kimberley's Miss Allen, 3 yrs, 4st 101 b (Fordham) 1 Mr. A. Harrison's The Spinner, 3yrs, sst6lb(Ducker) 2 Mr. Thompson's Syvagee, 3 yrs, 6st (J. Gill) 3 The following also ran—Jetty Treffz, Little Fawn, Mrs. Birch, Black Doctor, Professor Buck, Field Mar shal. Betting-2 to 1 agst Jetty Treffz, 4to 1 Syvagee, 4 to 1 agst Mrs. Birch, 5 to 1 agst Black Doctor, 6 to 1 agst The Spinner, and 10 to 1 agst Miss Allen. A fine race, won cleverly by a neck ; half a length between the second and third. SUBSCRIPTION HANDICAP STAKES. Mr. J. Osborne's The Deformed, 4 yrs 1 Mr. J. J. Henderson's Patience, 4 yrs SELLING STAICES. Syron Bridekirk . 2 WEST HARTLEPOOL HARBOUR AND RAILWAY.—The report of the directors presented to the general meeting of the proprietors, on the 19th inst., stated that the ac counts exhibited a progressive and gratifying result. The gross revenue receipt for the year ending 30th June, 1854, were 1 20,2751. 14s. Bd., being an increase of 17,8621. 17s. on the year ending June, 1853. The working expenses were 56,4131. 10s. sd. ; and after discharging interest on debenture debt and fixed charges upon the year's revenue, a balance remains of 39,879/. ss. 5d., which satisfied all preferential claims, and was adequate to a dividend of 41. per centum per annum upon the consolidated stock of the company, leaving a surplus of 1,0031. 2s. lid, to the credit of next year's account. The report was unani mously adopted, and the meeting separated, with a vote of thanks to the directors. M.P.'s RETURN HOME.—It is said to be ono of the curses of the " state" that it can never move without being either noted or feted. It would seem that with our Carmarthenshire neighbours the evil extends lower down in the scale social than royalty. There an M.P. can neither go up to town nor return from it without the occasion being noted by a "day," or at least an evening. Thus the return of the bon. member for Car marthenshire lays an embargo on the bells of St. Peter's Church and the wind power of a band that perambulates the town. The hon. member for the county (Mr. Jones, of Pantglas) is made the occasion of a goodly amount of rustic bustle and bonfire, aided by the copious libations of John Barleycorn. The inference that we draw from these premises is—not simply the extent of respect felt for the hon, members—though we dare say they are, as they merit to be, respected--but that the mode of ex pressing that respect shows that "time" is rather a plee`iful article in Carmarthenshire, and that more work would present less opportunity for displays, which, we confess, do not raise a population in our estimate, par taking as such •" lionising" does so much of feudalism.— Swansea Herald. A man, named Pissembert, was executed on the 14th at Condom for murder. In order to be able to marry a second time, he had the cruelty during a period of six months to administer poison to his wife, day by day, until he effected her death. When he arrived at the place of execution, Pissembert appeared in a state of great excitement. " Help, help !" he shouted; " they are going to murder me—l am innocent." On the scaf fold he attempted to re,ist ' but the three executioner wh o were present so on f orce d him on the sliding plank, and the 11073 lament he had 015C11 to lire.—Ofiiivtani. .13 1I I BiITUItIV 0. An Aeccunt, pursuant to the Act seventh and eighth Victoria, cap. 32, of the Average Amount of Bank Notes of the several Banks of Issue in England and Wales, in ()ire - illation during the Week ending Satur day, the day of Sept., 1854 :- Average PRIVATE BANKS. Amount. Andover Bank, Andover-Heath and Co. Ashford Bank, Ashford-Jeinmitt and Pomfret 10,650 Aylsham Bank, Aylsham-G. and T. Copeman 4,597 Aylesbury Old Bank, Aylesbury-Z. D. Hunt 26,895 Baldock Bank and Baldock and Bigglesvrado Bank, Baldock-Wells,•Hogge, and Co 23,544 Barnstaple Bank, Barnstaple-Marshall and Ca 10,775 Basingstoke and Odiham Bank, Basingstoke-- Seymour, Lamb, and Co. Bedford Bank, Bedford-T. Barnard and Sons 36,405 3ewdley Bank, Bewdley - Nichols, Baker, and Cs Uicester and Oxfordshire Bank and Oxford Bank, Bicester-H. M. and G. Tubb 12,687 Birmingham Bank, Birmingham - •Attwoods, Spooner, and Co 23,648 Birmingham and Warwickshire Bank, Bir mingham-J. L. Moilliet and Sons 10,333 Blandford Bank, Blandford-Oak and Co. 6, 868 Boston Bank, Boston-Garfit and Co 64,854 Boston Bank, Boston-H. and T. Gee and Co 13,187 Bridgwater Bank, Bridgwater-J. and J. L Sealey Bristol Bank, Bristol-Miles, Miles, and C 0... 36,749 Broseley and Bridgnorth and Bridgnorth and Broseley Bank, Broseley-Pritchards, Boy cott, and Co. Buckingham Bank, Buckingham- Bartlett, Par rott, and Co. Bury and Suffolk Bank, Sudbury Bank, and Stowmarket Bank, Bury St. Edmunds-- , Oakes, Bevan, and Co. Banbury Bank, Banbury - Gillet, Tawney, and Co. Banbury Old Bank, Banbury-Cobb and Son 22,480 Bath City Bank, Bath- G. Moger and Son Bedfordshire Leighton Buzzard Bank, Leighton Buzzard-Bassett, Grant, and Co . 33,032 Birmingham Bank, Birmingham-Taylor and Lloyds Bradford Old Bank, Bradford, Yorkshire-IL A. and W. M. Harris and Co. Brecon Old Bank, Brecon-Wilkins and C 0.... 66,834 Brighton Union Bank, Brighton-Hall, West, and Borrer Burlington and Driffield Bank, Burlington- Harding, Smith, and Co ... 12,254 Bury St. Edmunds Bank, Bury St. Edmunds- J. Worlledge Cambridge Bank, Cambridge-Mortlock &Co 12,185 Cambridge and Cambridgeshire Bank, Cam bridge-Messrs. Fosters 38,036 Canterbury Bank, Canterbury-Hammond and Co 30,683 Carmarthen Bank, Carmarthen-David Morris and Sons Chertsey Bank, Chertsey-La Coate and Son 2,906 Colchester Bank, Colchester-Round & Green 15,276 Colchester and Essex Bank, and Witham and Essex Bank, and Hadleigh, Suffolk, Bank, Colchester-Mills, Bawtree, and Co .27,753 Cornish Bank, Truro-Tweedy and Co 49,043 Coventry Balk; Coventry-Little & Woodcock 6,445 City Bank, Exeter-Milford and Co 18,360 Craven Bank, Settle-Alcocks, Birkbecks, and Co 6B, 464 Cardiff Bank, Cardiff-Towgood and Co 6,956 Chepstow Old Bank, Chepstow Bank, Mon mouth Old Bank, Monmouth Bank, Brecon Bank, and Ross and Herefordshire Bank, Chepstow-Bromag,e, Snead, and Co -- Derby Bank, Derby-W. and S. Evans &Co 11,061 Derby Bank, Derby-Samuel Smith and Co 32,303 Derby Old Bank and Scarsdale and High Peak Bank, Derby-Crompton, Newton, and Co Devizes and Wiltshire Bank, Devizes-Locke and Co 8,664 Diss Bank, Diss-Oakes, Fincham, and C 0... 10,305 Doncaster Bank andltetford Bank, Doncaster -Cooke and Co 68,489 _ _ _ _ • Darlington Bank, Durham Bank, and Stockton on-Tees Bank, Darlington-Backhouse &Co 81,941 Devonport Bank, Devonport-Hodge and Co 9,383 Dorchester Old Bank and Dorsetshire Bank, Dorchester-R. and H. Williams 46,402 East Cornwall Bank, Liskeard-Robins, Fos ter, and Co East Riding Bank, Beverley-Bower and Co 48,700 Essex Bank and Bishop's Stortford Bank Chelmsford-Sparrow, Round, and Co 33,221 Exeter Bank, Exeter-Sanders and Co 26,215 Fakenham Bank, Fakenham-Gurneys, Birk book, and Co 20,361 Farrmgdon Bank and Bank of Wantage, Far ringdon-Barnes, Medley, and Co 0,102 Farnham Bank, Farnham-Messrs Knight Faversham Bank, Faversham-Hilton and Co 5,670 Godalming Bank, Godalming-Mellersh and Keen Guildford Bank, Guildford-Messrs. Haydon.. 4,545 Grantham Bank, Grantham-Hardy and C 0... 22,588 Hastings Old Bank, Hastings-Smith, Hilder, and Co. Hereford City and County Bank, Hereford- Matthews and Co. Hertford and Ware Bank, Hertford-S. Adams and Co. . 12,390 Hull Bank and Kingston-upon-Hull Bank, Hull, Smith, Brothers, and Co. . 18,215 Huntingdon Town and County Bank, Hunting don-Rust and Veaseys Harwich Bank, Harwich-Cox, Cobbold, and Co. Hemel Hempstead Bank, Hemel Hempstead --Smith and Whittingstall Hertfordshire, Hitchin Bank, Hitchin - Sharples, and Co. Hereford, Ross and Archenfield Bank, and Ross and Archenfield Bank, Hereford- Morgan and Co Ipswich Bank, Ipswich-Bacon and Co. Ipswich and Needham Market Bank, Suffolk, Hadleigh Bank, Manningtree and Mistley Bank, and Woodbridge Bank, Ipswich- Alexa,nders and Co. Kent;sh Bank, Maidstone-Mercer, Randall, and Co. 12,922 Kington and Radnorshire Bank, Kington- Davies and Co. Knighton Bank, Knighton-Davies and Co 9,305 Knaresborough Old Bank and Ripon Old Bank, Knaresborough-Terry and Co. Kendal Bank, Kendal-Wakefield, Crewdson, and Co. Kettering Bank, Kettering-J. C. Gotch and Sons 9,185 Lane End Staffordshire Bank, Lane End-C Harvey and Son 5,260 Leeds Bank, Leeds--Beckett and Co. Leeds Union Bank, Leeds-W. Williams, Brown and Co. - 37,059 Leicester Bank, Leicester-Pagets and Kirby, 23,052 Lewes Old Bank, Lewes-Molineux and Co 27,175 Lichfield Bank, Lichfield-Palmer and Greene 9,045 Lincoln Bank, Lincoln-Smith, Ellison, and Co. 74,052 Llandovery Bank, Lampeter Bank, and Llan dilo Bank, Llandovery-D. Jones and Co 22,613 Loughborough Bank, Loughborough-Middle ton and Cradock 0,883 Lymington Bank, Lymington-St. Barbe and Co. Lynn Regis and Lincolnshire Bank, Lynn Regis-Gurneys and Co. Lynn Regis and Norfolk Bank, Lynn Regis- Jarvis and Co 9,719 Macclesfield Bank, Macclesfield-Brocklehurst and Co. Manningtree Bank, Manning-tree-Nunn and Co. Marlborough Bank, Marlborough and Wilts Old Bank, Marlborough Old Bank, Marl borough Old Bank and Hungerford Bank, and Hungerford Bank, Marlborough—Tan ner and Co Merionethshire Bank, Dolgelly—Williams and Son 5,936 Miners' Bank, Truro—Willyams and Co 13,710 Monmouthshire Agricultural and Commercial Bank, Abergavenny—Bailey and Co 27,516 Monmouth Cld Bank, Monmouth Bank, Bre con Bank, Chepstow Bank, Chepstow Old Bank, and Ross and Herefordshire Bank, Monmouth—Bromage, Snead, and Co 15,008 Newark Bank, Newark—Godfrey and Riddell 17,697 Newark and Sleaford Bank, and Sleaford and Newark Bank, Sleaford—Handley, Peacock, and Co 40,354 Newbury Bank, Newbury—Bunny & Slocock 16,794 Newmarket Bank, Newmarket—Eaton, Ham mond, and Co 14,378 Norwich Crown Bank and Norfolk and Suffolk Bank, Norwich—Harveys and. Hudsons 42,960 Norwich and Norfolk Bank, isTorwichir-Gur neys and Birkbeck 63,025 Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Bank, Not tingham, Hart, Fellows, and Co 8,555 Nuneaton Bank, Nuneaton—Craddock and Co 2,742 Naval Bank, Plymouth, Plymouth—Harris and Co. New Sarum Bank, Sarum—Everett and Co 13,047 Nottingham Bank, Nottingham —Samuel Smith and Co. Oswestry Bank and Oswestry Old Bank, Os- - westry—Croxon and Co Oxford Old Bank, Oxford—Robi nson , Parsons, and Co. Old Bank, Tonbridge, Tonbridge and Ton bridge Wells Old Bank, Tonbridge and Ton bridge Wells and Sevenoaks Bank, Ton- • bridge—T. H. and S. Beeching Oxfordshire Witney Bank, Witney—J. W Clinch and Co. Pease's Old Bank, Hull, the Hull Old Bank and Beverley Bank, Hull—Pease and Co Penzance Bank, Penzance—Batten and Co Peterborough Bank and Oundle Bank, Peter borough —D. Yorke and Co. Pembrokeshire Bank, Haverfordvrest—J. and W. Walters.. . Reading Bank, Reading—Simonds and Co Reading Bank, Reading—Stephens, Blandy, and Co. Richmond Bank, Richmond—Roper and Co Rochdale Bank, Rochdale--Clernent, Royds, and Co. Rochester, Chatham, and Strood Bard:. Reehes ter—Day and Nicholson ..... 7,679 Royston Bank, Rayston—Fordliam and ,9orks 12,028 Rugby Bank, Rugby—A. Butlin and 50n..,,,, 9,627 141 paak, Ryo—R. o, romfrot sad 09•1 ..... 18,203 9,349 45,063 10,335 7,886 9,526 26,511 24,580 5,686 5,256 Ress Old Bank, Herefordshire, Ross Mae deugal and Allaway Saffron WaMel. , and North Essex Ban's;, Saffron Walden—Gibsons and Co. Salop Bank, Shrewsbury—Burton, Lloyd, and 14,496 Scarborough Old Bank, Scarborough—Woodall and Co. 23,400 Shrewsbury Old Bank and Shrewsbury and Ludlow Bank, Shrewsbury—Rocke, Eytons, and 52,073 Co.• , - Ilittingbourne and Milton Bank, Sittingbourne -Valiance and Co. Southampton Town and County Bank, South ampton-Maddison and Pearce Southwell Bank, Southwell-Wylde and Co 10,505 Southampton and Hampshire Bank, Southamp ton-Atherley, Fell, and Co. Stone Bank, Stone-W. Moore 370 Stafford Old Bank, Stafford-Stevenson and Co 9,823 Stamford and Rutland Bank, Stamford-Eaton, Cayley and Co. Shrewsbury and Welshpool Bank, Shrewsbury -Beck, Downward, and Co. Taunton Bank, Taunton-H. and R. Badcock 23,838 Tavistock Bank, Tavistock-Gill and Rundle 6,229 Thornbury Bank, Thornbury-Rolph and Co. 4,930 Tiverton and Devonshire Bank, Tiverton Dunsford and Co. Thrapston and Kettering Bank, Northampton shire-Thrapston, Yorke and Eland Tring Bank and Chesham Bank, Tring-But. %her and Son Tow tester Old Bank, Towcester-Percival and Co 7,904 Town and County of Poole Bank and Ring wood and Poole Bank, Poole-G. W. Led gard and Sons 9,416 Union Bank, Cornwall, Helston-Vivian and Co 13,648 Uxbridge Old Bank, Uxbridge-Hull, Smith, and Co 12,957 Wallingford Bank, Wallingford-Hedges, Wells, and Co, Warwick and arwickshire Bank, Warwick- K. Greenway and Co. Wellington Somerset Bank, Wellington-Fox, Brothers, and Co 5,778 West Riding Bank, Wakefield, and Pontefract Bank, Wakefield-- Leatham, Tew, and Co 43,936 Whitby Old Bank, Whitby-Simpson, Chap man, and Co 12,438 Winchester, Alresford, and Alton Bank, Win chesterßulpett and Co 17,439 Winchester and Hampshire Bank, Winchester -Wickham and Co -- 1 Weymouth Old Bank and Dorchester Bank, Weymouth-Eliott and Pearce 15,235 Wirksworth and Ashbourne Derbyshire Bank, Wirksworth-Arkwright and Co 35,012 Wisbech and Lincolnshire Bank, Wisbech- Gurneys and Co 40,643 Wiveliscombe Bank, Wiveliscombe-P. and W. Hancock 7,348 Wolverhampton Bank, Wolverhampton-Good ricke and Holyoake 14,058 Worcester Bank, Worcester-Farley, Laven der, and Co 6,463 Worcester Old Bank and Tewkesbury Old Bank, Worcester-Berwick, Lechmere, and Co 59,060 Worcestershire Bank, Kidderminster-Farley, Turner, and Co 9,117 Walsall Old Bank, Walsall-Charles Forster and Sons Wolverhampton Bank, Wolverhampton-R and W. F. Fryer 11,480 Yarmouth and Suffolk Bank, and Halesworth and Suffolk Bank, Yarmouth-Gurneys, Birbeck, and Co 35,747 Yarmouth, Norfolk, and Suffolk Bank, Great Yarmouth-Sir E. H. K. Lacon, Bart„ and Co 11,390 York Bank, York- Swann, Clough, and Co 37,777 JOINT-STOCK BANKS. Bank of Westmorland, Kendal 8,290 Barnsley Banking Company, Barnsley 8,903 Bradford Banking Company, Bradford 48,022 Bilston District Banking Company, Wolver hampton Bank of Whitehaven, Whitehaven 29,774 Bradford Commercial Banking Company, Bradford 19,534 Burton, Uttoxeter, and Staffordshire Union Banking Company, Burton-upon-Trent 41,717 Chesterfield and North Derbyshire Banking Company, Chesterfield 10,933 Cumberland Union Banking Company, Work ington 32,333 Cheltenham and Gloucestershire Banking Cora pony, Cheltenham Coventry and Warwickshire Banking Company, Coventry Coventry Union Banking Company, Coventry 13,008 County of Gloucester Banking Company, Chel tenham Carlisle and Cumberland Banking Company, Carlisle Carlisle City and District Bank, Carlisle Dudley and West Bromwich Banking Company, Dudley 37,918 Derby and Derbyshire Banking Company, Derby Darlington District Joint Stock Banking Com pany, Darlington East of England Bank, Norwich 23,240 Glouccstershire Banking Company, Gloucester 137,930 Halifax Joint Stock Bank, Halifax 17,292 Huddersfield Banking Company, Huddersfield 32,030 Hull Banking Company, Hull 21,823 Halifax Commercial Banking Company, Halifax 12,929 Halifax and Huddersfield Union Banking Com pany, Halifax Helston Bankin g Company, Helston Herefordshire Banking Company, Hereford Knaresborough and Claro Banking Company, Knaresborough 25,044 Kingsbridge Joint-Stock Bank, Kingsbridge 2,889 Lancaster Banking Company, Lancaster 53,944 Leeds Banking Company, Leeds 22,502 Leicestershire Banking Company, Leicester 61,713 Lincoln and Lindsey Banking Company 45,580 Leamington Priors and Warwickshire Banking Company, Leamington Priors 10,258 Ludlow and Tenbury Bank, Ludlow 10,179 Moore and Robinson's Nottinghamshire Bank ing Company, Nottingham 30,190 Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Banking Company, Nottingham 25,341 Newcastle, Shields, and Sunderland Union Joint-Stock Banking Company, Newcastle upon-Tyne , -- National Provincial Bank of England, Birming ham, Head-office, 112, Bishopsgate-street, London 394,200 North Wilts Banking Company, Me :sham 35,951 Northamptonshire Union Bank, Northampton 68,067 Northamptonshire Banking Company, North ampton North and South Wales Bank, Liverpool 37,670 Pares's Leicestershire Banking Company, Leicester 38,852 Saddleworth Banking Company, Saddleworth. 2,464 Sheffield Banking Company, Sheffield 36,874 Stamford, Spalding, and Boston Banking Com pany, Stamford 44,533 Stuckey's Banking Company, Bristol Somerset shire Bank, and Somersetshire Bank, Lang port 327,147 Shropshire Banking Company, Shiffnall 47,530 Stourbridge and Kidderminster Banking Com pany, Stourbridge 56,390 Sheffield and Hallamshire Banking Company, Sheffield 24,811 Sheffield and Rotherham Joint Stock Banking Company, Sheffield 50,960 Swaledale and Wensleydale Banking Company, Richmond Storey and Thomas' Banking Company, Shaftes bury 9, 664 Wolverhampton and Staffordshire Banking Company, Wolverhampton 32,635 Wakefield and Barnsley Union Bank, Wake .._ _ field . 11,677 Whitehaven Joint-Stock Banking Company, Whitehaven 27,910 Warwick and Leamington Banking Company, Warwick _ 25,073 West of England and South Wales District Bank, Bristol 79,467 Wilts and Dorset Banking Company, Salisbury 72,295 West Riding Union Banking Company, Hud dersfield 31,133 Whitchurch and Ellesmere Banking Company, _ ___ • • Whitchurch ........................................ . 3,631 Worcester City and County Banking Corn pany, Worcester ............... ..................... 5,075 P. DEANS, Registrar of Bank Returns. Inland Revenue, Somerset House, Sept, , 1854. EXTRAORDINARY SUPERSTITION IN DEVONSHIRE.-- An instance of the intense feelings of superstition which pervades the ignorant among our rural population in the west of England occurred at Northlew last week. Soule gipsies having encamped in the neighbourhood, one of the female members of the tribe ascertained from the wife of a farm labourer that she had a daughter in the last stage of consumption. The gipsy represented that the child bad been " bewitched," and that she could rule the spell, which would effect a cure, for two sovereigns. The mother of the child cheerfully paid the money, but ne xt day the wily gipsy returned it, and said it was not sna.:ient, but 201. more in gold would do it. The cot t iger's wife, in her native simplicity, went and berrowed 10/. from a neighbour, and, with another 10 sovereigns she had in the house saved from her husband's earnings, added the 201. to the 21. already in the gipsy's hands. Soon as the money was paid the affrighted woman w: a bound over to stcresy by the' gipsy, who mumb'ed out a few disjointed texts of Scripture, and left with the Promis3 that the child would be cured on the following Friday, when au angel would appear and return the money. Since that time, however, it is needless to add, neither gip -,y nor money have turned up, although the impoverished husband and the police have been daily on the look-out for the gipsy impostor. On Sunday iast another specimen of deep-rooted superstition was pre sented within the porch of the western door at Exettr Cathedral. As the congregation were leaving the church a decrepid old woman took up a position within t:e porch, bearing a bk,rging petition, setting forth that she had been attacked by a pnralytic seizure, and bad been recommended by "the wise woman" to get a penny ' each from 40 single men on leaving the church, and her infirmity would by this charm be baniebed for syn. COUNTRY MARKETS. DERBY SMITHFIELD.-SEPT. 19. The supply of fat beasts to-day was about the average; and the demand similar to that of last week, with a slight alteration of price. The number of sheep and lambs was large, and heavy sale. Fat pigs about the average. But few calves on sale. The following were the quotations :—Beef, Gd to 60 ; mutton, 60. to 7d ; lamb, 7d to Od ; real, 6.1 d to 7d per lb. ; pigs, 9s 3d to 93 6d per score ; rough fat, 6s 6d to Os per 141 b.; hides, 30 to 40 per lb ; calfeskins, 4d to 01 per lb. EDINBURGH GRAIN.-SErr. 20. Wheat on the top is down, and the average 2s Od UP. Barley on the top is 6 , 1, and the average is 3d, up. Oats on the top is Bd, and the average is 7d, up. Beans on the top is 61, and the average is 4d, up. Total Supply and Sales. Wheat 926 qrs sold 113 qrs Barley 864 qrs sold 852 qrs Oats 7lB qrs sold 718 qrs Beaus 4l qrs sold 43 qrs Top of Wheat 63 lb 71s 01 Barley. ... Oats 44± lb 33s 01 • Beans AVERAGES PER IMPERIAL QUARTER. Wheat, 3/. 110 0-12ths I Barley, ll. 11 0 2-12th' Oats, ... 11. 11 4 7-12th: I Beans, 21, 8 1 8-12th' BOSTON-SEPT. 20. At to-day's market we had a moderate supply of wheat, demand for which ruled inactive, at a decline of 2s tl 3 0 per qr. on the prices obtained this day se'unight. Spring corn sold at about late rates. Prices :—Wheat, red, ols Od to 578 Od ; white, 57s Od to 69s Od ; extra, 00s Od. Barley, 27s Od to 31s Od. Oats, 19s to 265. Beans, 45s Od to 49s Od. Peas, 38s Od to 42d per qr. NEWARK-SErr. 20. At onr Corn-exchange to-day we had a good attendance , and a liberal supply of grain. Wheat was 33 per q uarter dearer. Spring corn as before. Prices :—Wheat, white, 61s Od to 66s Od; red, 593 Od to 61 s Od. Barley, malting, 30s Od to 33s Od ; grindin4 26s Od to 30s Od. Oats, old, 28s Oil to 38s Od ; new, 253 Od to 27s Od. Beans, 48s Od to 52s Od. Peas, 423 Od to 44s Od. Malt, 66s Od to 70s Od. Tares, 72s Od to 803 011. RAILWAY SHARE MARKE2'S. LIVERPOOL, SEPT. 21. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The market to-day has again been very inactive, and inclining to lower prices. Chester and Birkenhead, 17 ; Lancashire and York hire, 73 i ; Lon don and North- Western, 103$ 3' • Midland, 714 6; North Eastern, Berwick c a pit a l s t oc k, 19 13-to ; South-Eastern , 19 ; Manchester, Sheffield, and Lincoln, 101. shares, 113 114 ; North Eastern, 17/. shares, 3i 3 MANCHESTER. SEPT. 21. STOCK EXCHANGE.—To•dap there was a fair amount of business, but prices were rather lower. East Lancashire: 174; Leeds stock, 73i; Sheffield Pref., 12; ditto, stock, 241 ditto, No. 1, Eq; Dover, 19 9.16; Midland, 72k; West Rids' ing, 3i dis.; East Anglian, 4. BIRMINGHAM, SEPT. 21. STOCK EXCHAITGE.—There was a better demand for stock, and p, ices were firmer. Shrewsbury and Birml ham (Great Western Guaranteed), closed at 76 76# • _th a Prot. shares at 101 111 ; Sh ro p s hi re U n i ons , 3 a buyers. LEEDS, SEPT. 21. STOCK EXCHANGE.—The market to-day has manifested a somewhat improved tone. The firm state of the ful!ill has a good effect. Lancashire and Yorkshires, 74; lands, 72$ ; York and North Midlands, ~ i : Leeds Nor• theme, 15 ; Berwicks, 19 ; Little North Westerns, 6i' SEABORNE MAILS. (N signifies that the mails are nt from the General Pest-ale. by the night—and M by the morning—despatch.) Day when ma,lc up F rom what When COUNTRIES. In General Post- Port due in Oftlce, London.* Dispatcher. Ellglr'n'_' America(byßrit.pack)N Every Friday .... Liverpool ...1 America (by United Sts. packet) .......... U. States .................... s L o iv u e t rpt ham )ol pt . o . i . , Sep America (by t. 2 7 N packet) .. .. ...... N Australia (via South ampton) .......... MI Ditto (via Marseilles) NI .. Dover .... Ditto (via Cape of Hoed; Cncertate Elope) .. .. ........N •• - t 1 6 . Africa (West Coast) ..N:23d of the mouth.. 'Plymouth .. tep • Alexandria..........N,S, 9, 24, & 30 of i».lDover ...• • Alexandria..........Ml4th & 20th of mon.lSouthampton Bahamas ....... .... M ,17th of the monthlSenth.unpton Belgium .......... .. IC! I 'ally . ... ........ Dover .....• Brazil .. .......... .. M .9th of the month.. Southt,mptonlOtt • 16 Buenos Ayres ........Ml9th of the month.. Southampton' Cape of Good Hope ..N 'l4th of the mont , • Pip noun .. Cape of Good Hope .. N 'l4th of the month.lBout hornet on Cape de Verds ......N Il4th of the month Sout]tampton Ceylon (see India) I Ceylon ...... ........ N I 14th of the month' Channel Isles .. .. .. .. N I Mon ..Wed.,&F rid. Sent haraptoniTu.no st Chili.... .... ...... ~ M 2d & 17th of month Seutliamptoni China (see India) Constantinople ......N 7,8,17,24,&27 of m. D0ver...... Constantinople ........ 4th & 20th of mon. Southampton cont. of Europe M & N Twice daily ...... Dover ...... 'Tivicedao.l Egypt (see India) France .. .. .. .. AI & N Twice dai1y...... Dover ...• • • Twicedall./ Gibraltar .......... M l 4, 7, 17, 20, 27 of m. Seutlianapton • Greece (see India) Greytown .... .... .. 31:211d & 17th of mon. SouCaarapton liamburgh .... Iti ;Tuesday & Friday ILoner.;ri ..... . Havannah .......... M ;2nd of the m.mtl . I South anip:ol. ' Oct. 1 Holland ............ MI Daily ... . .. ...... I Dover ..... , ..'Daily Honduras .......... M 'l7th or the m ont h. ,5, - Aili ,ainpto,; India (vlaqout b Ampt.)M' , lth k 20th of nic,u.:Plyna oath ..'Sept. 20 India (via Marseilles)3l Sth& 24th of math:Dover ......1 lonian Isles (see India) , 7, 17, & 27 of moll 'Dover.. .. •• Ireland .-, ......M &N; Twice daily ......lElolylkead ....Twiced lol Lisbon...—. .• • "...Mil', 9, 17, & 27 of ni.Soutl - amptoll Sept. 26 Madeira ............Nll9th of the month 'South.araptoa Madeira ............ Nl23d of month .... IP l Yrri op th •• Malta (see India) 1 Malta ..............N 7,17,19,27, 30 of miDover ....... Mauritius (see India) Mauritius ..........N 14th of the month i Mexico ...... Naples .... .• •• •••• N ,hthlSth2sthofmon, 'Dover ...... New Granada ...• •• NI 21 & 17th of month Southampton , New Zea1and.......... Ey private Olin .. Various port , Unee n. " - Papal States ........N . r.thlsth2t,thofiron. , Dover ...... Peninsula .......... M 7 t h 1 7th2B t h of i non. 'Southampton Peru .........M..... td & 27th ot mon . I Southa.mpton Port Natal ..........N 14th of the month l PlYln Dutk • • • Sicily ...... „.„ Tuscany Venezuela .. ........ M .2d & 17th of month' :Dover ...... .........••• • •• • • , N is: i t h h i l f s , t t h ,,2 2Zh ho o; im m o o r n :. Dover ...... South an wton Van Diemen's Land (see Australia) .. ... . . . _ . 1 West Indies ... 1%4 ..f I South= iptan Ow' • '''' • 2, 1 9 0 17th 0 , month • ' • ' _.....-• * When any of these dates fall off a iunday, the mall despatched on the following day with the exception of the Southampton), and the 31a1ta, both of which will be despal preceding da . L, will hllull, 111 THE LATE AFFILIATION CASE AT YORK.—We Sta t l 4:l ; in a report we gave la s t wee k, th a t Miss Jones, t h e daughter of a clergyman living in the Isle of Man , A a „ P ; plied to the magistrates a t St oc kt on - on -T ees for an er,4 to maintain her illegitimat e son , o f w hi c h s he all e g - 0 that the Rev. Rich ar d Si ng l e t on , th e R oman cuthol l priest at Stockton, was the putative father. The m a g i' strates then refused to grant th e o r d er , an d su bseque n t l y a warrant was issued again s t Mi ss J ones , on a comPle, l 'a being preferred against h er th a t s h e h a d a tternP e us to extort money by charging him with an infer ¢ t t crime—that of beastiality. Thi s case was hear d Stockton on Wednesday last, and great interest — O ., again manifested as to the result. The case fox the Prso secution was founded upon a letter from Miss J, t)n i , es be Sir. Singleton, and dated the 10th last, in 11111Cn 'i,,,a11 ° stated—" You have told me yourself that on have guilty of beastiality with your dog. You on infe l2°ll and the world shall know it. The onl means of w e ': ing me is to send me 50/. within a fort nig ht."' y She a l alluded in the same letter to her child, a nd charged Singleton with being the father of it. Mr. ne e 'l l- a a submitted that the accused h a d clearly conrin itteo 1 7 00 offence under the . statute, and that, as the magist ll :o were sitting there ministe r i a lly an d no t j u di c i a lly, i t to their bounden duty, after being s a ti s fi & d that a P rl " to facie case had been made out—which h e s h ou ld prove -- i 0 commit Miss Jones to Durham fo r t r i a l. Th.e lette r 0 question was put in, and evidence was offered. that it W es in the handwriting of Miss Jones. One of the' witnee e ch , was Mr. Singleton, and he unde r we n t a l ong a nd see r ., t ,. ing cross-examination by Mr. T revor . M r . Trevor %m a t mitted that there was no case to go to a jury, and t— s the words in his client's l e tte r , .4 'Y ou h a ve told of yourself you have been guilty of beastiality," could I in any manner be const r ued i n t o a threat. Th e gone r ll tenour of her letter merely had reference to the tnej ete ; nance of her child, and it had not been m a d e ou t the she had made any attempt to extort money. The c' fie was dismissed. CHINESE PLAYS.—On the Ist of March, in Ch! . l dramatic pieces are performed on stages in the priecipe, streets of the different t owns throughout the emP ir ho for the amusement o f th e poorer classes of people , „ are not able to purchase their diversions. These continue for several days in succession; at the exPen of the Emperor. —do BIRTHS. OF ♦ SON. •aa On the 19th inst., at Park-plice Cottage, Mtll ar e West, the lady of Colonel St. John, of the Bombay 44,,, o f On the 19th inst., at Rushall Cottage, Wilts, the iv' R. Chevalier Cream, M.D. OF A DAUGHTER. gia On the 16th inst., at Meen Glas, county of rtc)ne , Ireland, the Hon. Mrs. Hewitt. On the 19th inst., at Marstow House, Lady Z 133i1l Dungarven. MARRIED. On the 21st inst., at the parish church o f St. gia'd t, bone, Dr. Seth Tompson, of 1, L ower S e ymour-Al le te Portman-square, to Caroline Eliza Cecil, widow of the 1s Captain Henry Cary Elwes. 12th Regiment of Foot. On the 19th inst., at St. James's Poole, David Green°, Anderson, Lieutenant in the Bombay Artillery, to Folorappe°, Mary, only surviving daughte r o f th e l a t e Lieut.-C Edward Mundy Wood, Secretary to the Bombay Gover ment. DIED. On the `_'oth inst., at No. 2, Ulster-place. Regent's - Pa rk ' Custodio Pereir a d e C arva lh o, E sq., age d 77. On the 10th inst., at Sandgate, Kent, Esq., aged 46. On the 19th i ns t., a t F r it we ll M anor H ous e, Oxfordsh ire. Mrs. Mary P a l mer, l a t e o f Fi nmere , i n the same coun t y' aged 88. On the I`.'th inst., Mr. William Holesgrove, of the Bo"lington-arcade, lington-arcade, aged 75. William Pearetb• - - LONDON : Printed and Published by MITRDO YOTTNO, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, No. 1 120 Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the tonaq 4:4 Midateu, F rib7, figimber• 2;a Mi."-