The Sun. — London, England, 1833-11-06 00:00:00

create' Ili A now cd p ention'oi ad bu rd ' , .$ 111 t settlem- IS DAB''' ng Wit of ening bo io to a c e rc S °°c tbei vbetberie ,119 reot" IS D° eioe l e last 0001, reetl er , roe 5 ,( 1 40 t ° .fle set 0 t he d $' ,pe t he actll ° welt' s ere * l ' l o 'he 0 kit °I D el 'he l e g ir jeil 3 1siet IP vises. Pio ro P 0 leitit' • if 0 , place oc o 0 " fir lot Obit rid ice, t 0 Ind f°r rr -0 A dr, d of I:suite' asi to ot, AVO tr„o Alde r f; tria l of ths .) s oi6 50 j o h l is,' b oo gir, poi; pos 4g b $ b ry . e e r c " 01° a ce's Vour be icedo if • 1 gs l ser e 0 16 1 ere „ • (IA 0 it 00 01 AS I gl)°1 , DA° . 11 ` ,ei' 0 1 •re ;11/' LITERATURE. TREVELYAN. 3 VOLS. LONDON, 1833. ~Shalcspeare's well-known adage, " the course " ' t rue love never did run smooth" is the ground thrk of this tale, which we should have liked il e tler had the interest been of' a more cheerful, ! al 'hy character. All smiles are bad, all tears 4111 w orse; but it is the due admixtures of regrets, 6e rs, and pleasures which make up this strange, chequered scene we call life, that lends its best e° arrn to fiction. Now the only change in the , 4tr ative bef ore us, i s f rom t h e d u ll , grey t w ili g ht d ° ' melancholy to the black midnight of absoluie feBPair. There is no relief—no hope—no bit su nny landsc a p e f or th e e y e to re p o se on ; pup look t h rough a gloomy v i sta of yews to a church yard beyond. Still the tale possesses h isl 'g interest, and by hurrying, undisturbed t Y e pisode or o th er di gress i on , s t ra i g ht as an (1 4°W, on its course, keeps up attention to the i: )l3e. The main incidents may be summed up t a few wor d s. A handsome, intelligent n g l i B h officer, C o lon e l Trev e ly a n, is appointed i ardi arl to a lovely young orphan named era s , Howard, with whom he has the ill-luck 1° , 1 .' 411 in love. She, however, though she treats p it° W ith unbounded affection as a brother, has 116,- great opinion of his merits as a lover (he kt i 'P e ns to be thirty-four, while she is only 4:enteen years old), and prefers instead a gay, h ing noblem a n, Lord Herbert Leslie. Her ' o 4li4 n perceives this attachment with the i l e Pest regr e t, b u t a f ter a l ong strugg l e, g i ves "aw ay to the man of her choice ; th e n hu r ri es h e ' 4° ad to divert his melancholy, and after an t . , Be T i ce of two years returns home, and is th ' aLl Y married to his own cousin Lady Augusta, iti l Y daught er o f L or d L aunces t on . This ma tch, tta a most matches got up under such circum lleas, is an unfortunate one ; but still more bbf °ll anate is Teresa's with Lord Herbert Les t(); w k ho slights, in su lt s , a nd fi na lly a b a nd ons h er q, he " own French servant, a pert coquette fed Marianne. It is at this period that re vel Yan, wretched as a husband, meets with eres a N ei , who is s till more wretched as a wife. ID 4t r first rencontre is a t a fashionable )i th a t th e West end, where he is struck kb, h er altered character, having become ;ara ren tly as flippant and heartless as she once thel, inn ocent and unsophisticated. Of course tr 4 i t " ol d acquaintance is renewed, but—con s Y) we believe, to established etiquette in such th e 'soothing improper takes place ; indeed, m oral and somewhat austere turn of Tre 04Y,as's mind, makes, in time, its due impression war eresa's mind ; an d s h e di es s h ort l y after -11(13 th e victim of a broken heart, brought on t l t he neglect of her husband, in the presence her best friend and guardian, who himself is 1 40 means slow in following her to the grave. : 13111 this slight sketch, the reader will i t'lle e perceive that the writer has, through her tale, had Mrs. Inchbald's Simple 1: 1 1 i n her mind. Trevelyan is but a lef ?.- n Pu p edition of Dorriforth, somewhat tea te-e , u • and mellowed in character, while Te tta„) , t "° l lgh less of a copy, bears no indistinct -tb ° l ance to Miss Milner. But the imitation 1 141 11 ° servil e one . Th e h an d o f s kill an d 1' has has been at work upon it, an d m i xe d up Lt Many strong, original touches of shrewd it; a nd sensibility. The inference to be L tva from the tale is by no means flattering to ih"'e r eaders of the sterner sex who have passed th firat hey-day of youth. It is, that no man, by e, : e age of thirty-four, has a right to fall in t ßet, He is th e n to consider himself middle to and to look on a rejection as a matter of kt 4 ll B tse. This was th e s o l e reason why Teresa l), tw e d Tre ve l yan. U n h appy epoc h , h overing 4ei th ea4 youth and age, yet belonging to tsd er ) when a man is too young for philosophy, t t i e o old fo r sen ti ment ! 'Wh at i s i t fi t f or, b ut k Politics and drink champagne at a club- There are many nice touches of feel 4104eattered throughout " Trevelyan." Those - g ha ve been compelled, like many of our 11 )ei r adi s n and Australian emigrants, to quit 'l4 t h na tive land for ever, will recognise the and pathos of this remark : ;014 , ord 4 w was given, and the oars fell, with one loud 4 er, ln t o the wav es . Th ose w h o h ave b een f orce d by Nr,„- elreuni stances to quit their native shore, and to till Zhiod them that their souls hold dear, will know Asi a ' s ' l the shock a ock which that first splash, on finally la zidi gives to th e he a rt. It seems as if the fatal It t ; eV ered us f rom a ll we l ove, as if i t ma d e us even f rom the habitable world." i ge3 "IPson, in one of the very few good pas- Zp te be met with in his prosy trag e dies, has : b B3ed ) with singular feeling, something like t ,"e sentiment. We quote f rom memor y, Cher under correction : :-- Cas t of the wild es t o f th e C yc l e d i s l es , T il ere never hum an f oo t h a d trod the shore, suchruffians left m e , y e t believe me, Areas, is th e roo t e d l ove we b ear man ki n d, Al lheartleas as they are—l never heard "F i l sound so dismal as their parti ng oars ." 4i. a e character of Trevelyan 's wife, is well hit a sentence : St,:e Was remarkably sens ibl e , b u t it was suc h h eavy pli t - q-fact sense, that one longed for some trait of folly u thtlessn e s s to relieve the monotony of her discre. fag how ever, she was certainly an excellent daughter, Ti r l ' r eet clock-w or k i n h er attentions to h er f at h er. eh re is much natu ra l feeling developed in rail racter of old Lord Launceston—espe by iii that scene where., after the sudden death 1 / 4 4) toourite son and heir, Lord St. Ives, he re 4„ ar eel ' etl Trevelyan by that name, and , can ori Y be persuaded that he is mistaken. h e b g the few lively characters that hover in 4 a ek. r g ound of the tale, we have been most lopi ti w ith the p r yi ng , act i ve o ld gossip , M rs. , o 'ls ' The heroine Teresa, whos e p are ntage o f oor t ncl ition i n lif e are un k nown, li v i ng next end h er, of course she indulges, with h e r ; 14411 -.l B s l 'n the moat discreditable and malignant '4l es' This will serve as a clue to the 11, 4' shr ewd trait o f c h arac t er ok I see the gi r l constant l y on t h e l awn , sa id M rs. 4'4114 : 4 1 When the windows are open, I can hear her v er y eeping still, I can actually bear them /etc i nto :, by leani ng a little over that corner of my % ,:n 1 see their drawing-ro o m. It ne e ; reall y ? exclaimed two or thre e of h e r visiters 4 4 4 ,, r eord ° , w ti "ery awkwa r d and di sagreea bl e ! A n d w ith of th e ' L r Y t itnonediately hurried i n t o th e designated ‘°Ere " a 'rony, to see if they could cat c h a g limp se v 481ve pair."' t h4VC been not a little surprised by the author's remarks on marriage ceremonies. " A melancholy marriage," says he or she, " is an anomaly in life !" Now the fact happens to be just the reverse ; for if there be one thing in ' life more dull and melancholy than another, it is, what is called, the nuptial ceremony. The bride and bridesmaid make a point of crying as if their very hearts would break ; the bridegroom looks like an ass ; all parties, in short, are dis composed, with the exception, perhaps, of the parson, to whom the recollection of his fees im parts pleasure and confidence. We have seen many merry faces at a funeral ; we never yet saw one at a marriage. And no wonder, it is an awful catastrophe! But we must hurry to a close. In a word, then, " Trevelyan is a tale full of feeling and interest, and is just the sort of book to be devoured by young ladies at a watering place. They may read it, at a single sitting, on a chair, on the sands of Ramsgate or Broadstairs, and sob as loudly as they please, over the sorrows of its chief characters--for their sobs, be they worthy even of Stentor himself, will be sure to he unheard, amidst the eternal chafing of the waters. INDIAN NEWS. Lord William Bentinck has recently adopted the English language in his correspondence with Fyz Mahomed Kan, one of the native chiefs in the west ; this has caused a considerable sensation in Delhi, where a demand for Eng lish tutors and secretaries is already in consequence percep tible. At Bombay, too, the English language is more gene rally sought after than before by the natives. Besides the school at Poona, the central school of the Native Educa tion Society has a hundred students, to which number it is limited. There are also several private schools in the A bridge is about to be built over the Hindurn, three cess from Delhi. Runjeet Sing has sent to England, through an individual in Calcutta, for a steamer adapted to the Indus. It is als o the intention of Government to get out iron steam vessels to be employed on that river. The King of Oude has recently established an English school at Lucknow, and placed it under the control of Major Lowe; the number of scholars is from 30 to 40 ; the majority descendants of Christians, the rest Hindoos and Maboinetans. In Bengal a letter is forwarded 1,000 miles for 12 annas, in Bombay for 15, and in Madras for 17. The manufacturers and dealers in cotton and silk piece goods, the fabric of Bengal, have signed a petition to the King in Council, complaining of the import of the fabrics of Great Britain into Bengal without any protecting du ties, while manufactured cottons are charged 10 and silks 20 per cent. on importation into Great Britain ; and pray ing an equality, either on terms of free trade or a like amount of duty. . _ Lord Win. Bentinck, according to the 21ofussil Akbar, proceeds next year to Simlah, via Madras and Bombay and the Indus. Mr. W. Smithson has been elected a Director of the Bank of Bengal, in place of Mr. Alexander Colvin, re signed. At Madras, in June, the heat surpassed anything pre viously known at that Presidency : people were dying of heat alone, without any actual disease. A public meeting was held on the 14th of May at Bombay, for the purpose of making arrangements to establish a steam communication between that place and Suez. Sir Herbert Compton was in the Chair ; and re solutions founded on the Report of a Committee were adopted to forward the object in view. There are to be three voyages each year to and from Suez. The expen diture is estimated at 130,000 rupees. At Poona the weather was most disagreeably hot, the thermometer at 130 in the shade, and no hot wind. The nights, however, were cool and delicious. COMMEMORATION EXTRAORDINARY.-- At \Vest-Bromwich, near Birmingham, a bull was baited on the 12th of August last, at a wake established to com memorate the consecration of the new church ! The Council of the Birmingham Political Union held a meeting on Tuesday, at which it was men tioned that the mechanics of Birmingham were collecting funds to give effect to their endeavours to procure a repeal of the assessed taxes. The masons and carpenters had collected 1,1001. in one week. Mr. Boultbee said, in reference to a proposed union with the association in Lon don, that the Council could not legally do more than ap prove of the conduct of the inhabitants of London on the subject of the assessed taxes ; and Mr. T. Attwood was certain th it the people of Birmingham would assist them by every legal means in their power.— Country Paper. MR. HUME INCOG.—Joseph Hume, Esq., M.P., whom the London papers describe as having set off on a continental tour, has been travelling incog. ever since through our midland and southern counties. He escaped recognition very well in the interior, but on his arrival here at O'Dienne's Hotel, Sackville-street, his sojourn in the Emerald Isle was no longer a secret, though his purpose still remains one.—Dublin Correspondent of the Times. By the last advices from Hamburg, the price of gold is 4351, which, at the English mint price of 31. 17s. lOid. per ounce for standard gold, and the exchange at Hamburg on London at short being 13 9i, renders gold I per cent. dearer at Hamburg than in London. The premium on gold at Paris is 111 per mille, which, at the English mint price of 31. 17s. 10id. per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of 25 44 ; and the exchange at Paris on London at short being 25 40, it follows that gold is 4-25 per cent. dearer at Paris than in London. THE GREAT WORLD OF THE 18TH CEN TURY.—An article which promises to excite considerable interest will appear under the above designation in the ensuing number of the Court Journal. Its object is to vindicate fashionable society at the present day from the charges so f. equently alleged, of increased frivolity and moral laxity. The defence thus chivalrously undertaken will be founded on a close examination into the habits of the haut monde during the past age ; the result may possibly considerably alter the opinions entertained by those who have given an unqualified assent to the strictures of Mr. Southey in the Quarterly Review on this subject, as well as to other censures from feebler and less honest opponents. THE WESTMINSTER ASSOCIATION YOR THE REPEAL or THE HOUSE AND WINDOW DUTIES. On Monday evening a meeting took place of the members of the Westminster Association, in the large room at the Prince's Head, Princes-street, Story's-gate, which was numerously attended ; Mr. Phillips, broker, was called to the chair. Mr. Pitt, from Lambeth, and several other members, addressed the meeting at great length on the subject of the assessed taxes ; after which a vote of thanks was given to the Chairman, and the meeting adjourned. Fox HUNT.—The fox hunt on Wednesday by Sir A. Chichester's hounds was unusually interesting. Reynard was unkennelled at the Westdown Covers, and went off in prime style towards Woolacombe Sands, where, for a mile and a half, both fox and hounds were in full view of the spectators. On their return from the death of the fox near the cliffs, when proceeding from Woolacombe through Spreacombe, to the Westdown Covers, the hounds met the drag of a second fox, which was followed, as far as scent could be made, towards Buckland Wood, where the sportsmen thought proper to draw the hounds off, after a fine day's sport. - - GALLANT STAG HUNT.—Monday, as the Hempston Vale Harriers were proceeding to the appointed place of throwing off, a distant halloo, a fine old forester was roused on the banks of the Dart, near Staverton Bridge. The hounds soon settled on the scent, and after a few minutes' running the stag took to the river, the hounds close on his haunches, at a point ten feet deep, and swam a considerabledistance against the stream ere he again touched terra firma. After snaking good his landing on the opposite shore the stag went away at a slashing pace through Dartington Woods to Dartington Hall, recrossed the river into Staverton Woods, thence to Broadhempaton, Little hernpston, back again, and into Dartington, when he took another direction, to Berry Pomeroy, and, after being on foot some hours, was at length killed near Berry Castle. Th whole distance was without a single check, and the Dart crossed four times. The pace rendered it almost impossible for any horses to live with the hounds; not- withstanding which Old Gipsy was rode in gallant style by the huntsman Stephens, with that prince of good fellows Mr. W. Skinner, on his fine young horse Dactyl!, not an inch behind him, followed by two or three others. IRISH PAY DAY-DICTATORSHIP. (FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.) DUBLIN, Nov. 3.—The season of bustle and business, news and nonsense, has commenced in the metropolis of Ireland. Yesterday, being the first day of term, the hall of the Four Courts—a sort of natural lounging room—was crowded with a motley group of every grade and class of persons in Ireland, from the nobleman to the peasant, from the Lord High Chancellor, dispenser of law and equity, to the lowest pickpocket or conveyancer of handker chiefs and other light moveables. The number of suitors was small in comparison to that of gazers, auditors, and quid MOWS', who habitually resort to this emporium of trifles, law, and politics. The change of ministry in Spain, announced by The Sun, was the newest, but not the most important topic of conversation in every cluster of talkers. A letter from O'Connell in the Dublin papers, announcing his intention to dine in Cork on the 4th instant, and disclaiming the idea of his accepting pension or place from the present Ministry, was a much more interesting subject of discussion to the majority of the multitude. That letter, though a short one, is perhaps the most important of any that has ap peared from him for some time, as characteristic of our Great Liberator. It proclaims, in express terms, his determination to agitate, until Lord Anglesea and Mr. Stanley shall have been impeached for pass. ing the Coercion Bill—that is, as all rational men think, until the Greek calends, or period of Dan's quietus ! There is another statement,not less bold, though more consistent with his character, namely, that heretofore he regarded Repeal only as a " means," but he now looks upon it as an " end ;" thereby confessing that all he has said and written about the Repeal of the Union before this present collection of the national rent, was insincere, and intended only as the means of attain ing something else which he had in view I ! The " Universal People," however, are expected to over look this palpable admission of political jobbing, and to contribute their pence and pounds as liberally as if Dan's career from his boyhood had been as uniform and consistent as it has been certainly indefatigable and energetic. Next Sunday, the 10th instant, is the day appointed throughout Ireland for the tribute. The sums of money col lected on that day, though likely to be much less than is by many anticipated, will serve as a pretty fair index to his popularity. It is quite unnecessary to offer any conjectures as to the portion which O'Connell or his family may clutch, or to mention the liberal per ccru'age granted to or subducted by their agents and supporters. These are matters of minor detail, which every one knows to be essential to the machinery of a " nation's regeneration !" In the mean time a new current begins to flow from a contrary direction. A strong disposition manifests itself among the more intelligent and in fluential portion of the community against dictator ship. The people of Wexford are the first to op• pose the domination. They have been roused by an attack in the Pilot on their intelligent and inde pendent Member, Mr. Walker. This gentleman, it seems, did not choose to vote as Dan and his Pilot wished on every question that came before Parlia ment last Session, and consequently he is abused and threatened. But his constituents have deter mined to repel the insult in the best practicable mode at present in their power, and to prove to their countrymen that they and their representative are not to be dragooned according to the caprice, selfishness, or presumption of any individual or fac tion. They propose to entertain Mr. Walker at a rublic dinner, which, it is expected, will be so nu merously and respectably attended, as to indicate that Ireland must not henceforward, as it has long been, be ruled by faction. Yesterday being the celebration of the anni versary of the Gunpowder Plot, the morning was ushered in by the ringing of merry peals at the different churches. The royal standard was hoisted at the Tower, St. Martin's, St. Margaret's, St. Giles's, sad the vessels in the river had their different colours flying. At one o'clock, the Tower and Park guns fired the usual salute. LATE ARRIVAL OF THE LONDON MAIL. —ln consequence of the boisterous state of the weather, the London mail did not arrive until nearly eight o'clock yesterday evening. In a few minutes after its arrival, all the London Journals were delivered at our office by the express me , senger of Messrs. Johnston, o!' Eden Quay. As there was no delivery from the Post. office yesterday afternoon, the excellent arrangements of Messrs. Johnston were the means of preventing much inconvenience to the public, as well as to ourselves. —Dublin Morning Register. RAILWAY BETWEEN LIMERICK AND WATERFORD.-About six years ago the project of a rail. way between Limerick and Waterford was much spoken of, but no decisive measure was adopted beyond the obtaining of a Bill. We find by the following announce ment in the Liverpool Times of Tuesday that this Important work is again in contemplation :—" The South Wales line is expected to join the Bristol line at Swindon, and we understand that, in consequence of the projected Bristol line, the plan for forming a railway between Limerick and Waterford, and in that manner connecting the opposite shores of Ireland, for which a Bill he already been obtained, has been resumed. The Government grant of 100,0001. for the improvement of the River Shannon will render the latter undertaking doubly important. _ _ A WORTHY EXAMPLE. After a long, active, and successful course of exertion in trade, Mr. John Wood, senior, of Bradford, who for many years was the largest born comb manufacturer in the kingdom, has retired. Preparatory to this step, the number of workmen has been gradually reduced, and those who remained were discharged on Saturday. Such of his men as had grown old in his service received, with their dis charge, a very handsome present, with the graterlri infor mation that they were pensioned for life. Mr. Wood's business has bean purchas.d by a genticinan in Sheffield, where it will in future be carried on.—Leeds Mercury. A LADY PLUNDERED IN A GAMING HOUSE.-An application for a warrant, under very sin gular circumstances, was yesterday made by a gentleman to Mr. Chambers, in the Magistrates' private room, at Marlborough-street Police-office. The following particu lars, obtained from good sources transpired during the application. The applicant, an officer in the army, and a frequenter of some of the gaming.houses in St. James's, wished the Magistrate to grant a warrant for the apprehension of eight individuals who composed a gambling gang, and whose establishment was in a court not far from Bury-street. He could bring forward parties who had been plundered of their money, and in particular the following recent instance :—A lady of his acquaint ance, from curiosity, or from some other less pardonable motive, having a strong desire to see the interior of a gambling-house, had the consummate folly, as well as indelicacy, to disguise herself in male attire, and to obtain the entree into the establishment kept by the individuals against whom be sought to obtain a warrant. She was soon marked out by the confederates, who, however, had not any suspicion of her sex, and having been prevailed on to sit down to the table, she in a very short time was stripped of upwards of 1,5001. The applicant added, if the Magistrates granted the warrant he would give every assistance towards iden tifying the parties. Mr. Chambers could not grant the warrant upon the grounds which had been laid before him. Mr. Bryant, one of the overseers of St. James's, con sidered it was a perfect waste of the parish funds to apply it to the prosecution of gaining housekeepers. The gam blers were so confederated together, that no sooner was one house suppressed than some one of the confederates had another establishment prepared for traffic. The Parish had recent). spent upwards of 2001. in prosecuting Ruch cases, but instead of having obtained the abatement of the nuisance, an increase had occurred, for where one establishment had been shut up, two others had sprung up in its place under the auspices of some of the partners. The applicant was very urgent for a warrant, but it was ultimately refused. TO THE AGRICULTURISTS OP THE WEST OF ENGLAND. GENTLEMEN,-You are suffering severely—many of you, I fear, irredeemably—from the continued and in creased depression of the markets; which has occasioned a grievous filling off in your receipts for some years past, while your out goings have scarcely fallen at all ;—some, as poor rate for example, having, on the contrary, increased. May I be excused for addressing you, with a view to point out one of the leading causes of this your hard condition, whose removal, it appears to me, might be brought about by adequate exertions on your part ? I am sure you will agree with me in thinking that the vastly increased and increasing competition of Irish pro duce of all kinds in your markets is one of the main sources of that depression of prices from which you suffer. Perhaps however, you are not at all aware either of the extent of this increase, or of the fact, that the Irish grower is enabled to undersell you only through the unjust and unwarrantable diffiience of the laws under which he cul tivates his land, and you yours. It is to these two points that I am anxious to direct your attention. 1. First, for the increase of Irish agricultural produce imported for sale into England. It appears from docu ments laid before Parliament, that the total quantity of all kinds of grai❑ imported from Ireland in 1817 was 699,609 quarters ; in 1832, 2,605,734 quar ters ;* and there is reason for believing that the imports Of this year will prove to be much greater than those of the last. At the same time that the quantity has thus increased fourfold, the quality likewise has been rapidly improving. Formerly Irish wheat was niit worth as much as English by 15s. or 16s. per quarter, now it sells on the average within 4s. or ss. of the average of English wheat. Irish oats bring, on the average, a price fully equal to that of English oats. The imports of stock have increased in the same pro portion with those of grain. The numbers of cows, swine, horses, and sheep imported in 1817 were 100,201 ; in 1825, 204,729. There are no returns of the total quantity imported since 1825 ; but it must have prodi giously increased, as no less than 418,000 head were introduced in 1831, through the port of Liverpool alone.t On the whole, therefore, it is certain that the imports of farming produce from Ireland to England have been more than quadrupled within the last sixteen years. No wonder that prices have sunk in the English markets under the increased supply. 2. Some, however, may say, "this cannot be helped! Ireland is as much an integral part of the British em pire as Yorkshire or Berwickshire, and cannot in justice he prevented from sending her produce to our markets. The Irish are under the same laws and government with ourselves, and have a right to a free intercourse with every part of the King's dominions." Such would, indeed, be the case if Ireland were subject to the same laws as Great Britain ; but this is by no means the fact. There exists a great and most important difference between the laws of Ireland and England, in many points, which directly affect the prices of their respective produce. The most material of those distinc tions are, that— !. Ireland pays fewer Government taxes than Great Britain. 2. Ireland is allowed to have a free banking system, and a currency of one pound notes ; both of which are by law prohibited in England. 3. Ireland has no poor law. The land of Ireland is cultivated free of poor rate. I mean to confine my observations to the last of these exemptions, as bearing most immediately upon your interests. The main cause of the low price at which Irish produce can be grown, and sold in our markets, is the absence of a poor law in Ireland. In England the poor laws have kept up the standard of living among our agricultural la bourers, in spite of their redundant numbers ; and have prevented wages falling below an average of Is. 6d. per day. In Ireland wages are from 4d. to 10d. per day, be cause there is no poor law ! How can an English farmer, paying Is. 6d. a day to his labourers, compete in the market with the Irish farmer, who pays an average of 7d. a day to his labourers ? In England, a farmer is forced by law to pay from 3+. to 10s. an acre poor rate ; while the Irish farmer pays no poor rate at all ! Is it won derful, then, that the latter can beat the former out of his own markets ? But this is not all. To make the dif ference still more galling and unjust, a very large propor tion of our heavy poor rates is paid to maintain in idleness the surplus labourers of our parishes, who are deprived of the employment they would otherwise obtain in London and all the large towns of the kingdom, by the hordes of starving Irish that are driven over here from the want of a poor law in their own country. Indirectly we thus pay far the support of the Irish poor as well as our own ; while the Irish landowner, paying no tax of the kind at all, and hiring his half-famished labourers for one third of the wages the law compels us to give, sends over to our markets his corn and cattle, his butter and bacon, raised at less than half the cost of our produce, which has to meet it there, and pockets the difference in the shape of an exoroitant rent. For it is the landlord of Ireland, not the farmer, who profi's by this unfair and unjust state of the law. The farmers of Ireland are mere slaves—worse off than the serfs of Russia. The Irish farmer is a poor creature, who occupies a wretched turf cabin, and from two to twenty acres of land—is clothed in rags, lives only on potatoes and butter milk, and never tastes, from year's end to year's end, a mouthful of the corn he raises, the butter he makes, or the bacon of the hogs that are his messmates by day, and his bed-fellows by night—but sends every ounce of these things to England, for the money with which to pay his rent. It is the absence of any law compelling the .andholders to keep their peasantry from starving, which enables them to exact from the latter every atom of the produce of their labour upon the soil, except the dry potatoes on which they support a miserable existence. This is the kind of rival you, the farmers of England, now compete with ; and unless the law is speedily altered —unless land in Ireland is speedily subjected to poor rate, and Irish landlords forced to relax their gripe upon their poor tenants, you must, before long, be reduced to their complexion. Either the Irish culti vators must be raised to your level, or you will soon fall to theirs. This is the necessary effect of the free compe tition which steam navigation has lately introduced between you and them. The soil of Ireland is fully as fertile, perhaps rather more fertile, than yours. The breed of Irish stock and the practice of Irish fanning is fast ap proaching to that of England. The freight of Irish pro duce by water and steam to Eng;and costs but a trifle, The cultivators of the two countries meet, therefore, on equal terms in these respects, in the same markets ; and it follows, as a matter of course, that ,o long as one pays no poor rate, and is satisfied with potatoes, rags, and a mud hovel, the other cannot expect to keep his meat diet, broad cloth, and comfortable house, but must soon sink to the level of his competitor ; or, at best, come to the work house. When half the tenantry of England is thus ruined, and half its land thrown out of cultivation, the English land lords (who will still have to maintain the whole popula tion, employed or not) may, perhaps, awake to a sense of the injury they sustain through the exemption of the land of Ireland from that law which determines the cost of cultivating the land of England. If you ask what is to be done ? I answer—petition Make your voices be heard loudly, and boldly too, on the subject, until the injustice from which you suffer be re moved. Depend upon it, so long as you submit patiently and silently to the cruel injustice I have exposed to you, it will never be removed. But meet to discuss and declare your feelings upon it—pour in some hundred petitions to Parliament about it—and another Session will not pass without the enactment of a law which shall make the Irish landlords keep their poor on their own corn and bacon, as we do ours, instead of driving them over here to be maintained by us, in addition to our own. I remain, Gentlemen, your very obedient servant, G. POULETT SCROPE. Castlecombe, Oct. 20, 1833. • Appendix to Report of Agricultural Committee, 1833 ;No. 4). t Appendix to Report, 1853 (No. 4). The new plan of cutting iron nuts and screws, the invention of Mr. Pett, foreman of the smiths, is to be adopted in this yard, by order of the Lords of the Ad miralty....—Devonport Independent. NEW SOUTH WALES FOREST SCENERY. _Of all forests my eye has ever come in contact with, the forests of New South Wales are the most indescribably odious—trees l ea fl ess f rom t h e i r b ase to t h e i r very summ i t poising their naked and misshapen limbs in air ill a thousand horribly fantastic forms, picturing to the mind 1{ ideas dragonish," and spectre-like is the only descrip tion that assimilates to them. Here and there we were crossed by jackal's, and it is true the aspect of the dreary scenery was relieved by multitudes of parrots, parroquets, &c., the variety and brilliancy of whose plumage, as a sun ray would occasionally dart through, was perfectly electri fying. After winding on our way till nightfall, the howl ing of dogs and lights glimmering through the trees as sured us we were near the abode of some hospitablesattler. East India Magazine. ANNUAL MEETING OF THE BUCKS AGRICULTURAL ASSOCIATION. (Abridged from the County Herald.) It having been generally stated that the Annual Meet ing of the Buckinghamshire Agricultural Association would take place on Wednesday last, a most respectable and numerous party assembled at the George Inn, Ayles ;airy, amongst whom we noticed— The Marquis of Chandos, M. P., President of the Association ; Colonel Hamner, M. P., Vice-President; Sir Thomas Fremantle, Bart. M.P. ; Sir Harry Verney, M.P. ; J. R. Barker, Esq. ; Grenville Pigott, Esq. ; R Sutton, Esq. ; B. Fuller, Esq. ; W. Lowndes, Esq. ; J. Grey, Esq. ; Captain Lovell, Captain Smith, Ciptain Jervoise ; Rev. Messrs. Sutton, Owen, Shepherd, Chet wode, Young, Fremantle, &c. &c. A little after one o'clock the Noble Marquis took the Chair, and read the declaration of the Committee, after which he addressed the meeting as follows Gentlemen—As President of this Society, I most fully concurred in the necessity of summoning a meeting of members of this association at this particular juncture. When I looked around me and saw the present condition of agriculture, when I saw it daily falling off in prosperity, and surrounded by increasing difficulties, I thought it my duty to afford the farmer an opportunity of delivering his opinions on the slate of the agricultural interest, and that we should consult together as to what is best to be done in such an emergency. There are at this moment two classes , distressed and struggling. The one, as you see by the newspapers, uniting and urging its claim to relief, and even proceeding to an open resistance to the laws; and the other, the agricultural body, to which you and I belong, who are also distressed ; and should combine to represent our grievances and ask for redress. But let us do so in an honourable, a lair, and straightforward manner. It is only from a want of unanimity that we shall he refused ; then let us join in a fit and loyal manner to lay our griev ances before Parliament. Now is the time for us to arrange our plans. Look for a moment at the local taxa tion under which the farmer is suffering, how heavy and oppressive it is ; and we must therefore find out some sure mode for relief. It is by a petition to Parliament for redress from those burdens thrown always exclusively upon the land—l mean the county rates, the poor rates, the high way -rates, &c. The petitions which we drew up last year ate still in existence; they are most numerously signed, and I must counsel you to present them to Parlia ment immediately on its next re-assembling. It wan with bitter regret and disappointment that I saw during the last session, when the question of relief to the agriculturist was brought forward, that men who had promised so much flew from their word. Do you, therefore, depend on yourselves, and by every means in your power forward your petitions to Parliament. The farmers suffer deeply from the pressure of local taxation. The Poor Laws are a heavy burden, and we all agree that the labourer must be supported; but we should endeavour so to plan it that the poor man shall have an inducement to keep himself in dependent of the parish. He should have a proper sti mulus set before him, which would urge him on to main tain himself and his family without parochial aid. Such an inducement and such a stimulus is to be created in prof fering to him a pecuniary reward at the end of the year; and I would therefore suggest that such premiums and rewards should be held out by this Association to men who keep the best cultivated garden, who have lived longest in their places, who have reared the largest fa milies without t parish aid, and various other way s w hi c h may be determined on. I have the pleasure to say that to effect this, I have had placed in my hands a small sum of money for that purpose. One or two per sons have placed in my hands sums amounting to 1001. which I am desired to present to the Association for this pur pose. I have another topic of great importance to men tion to you. Whatever may be the assurance to the con. trary, and however you may be lulled into a false security front believing that the question of the repeal of the corn laws was set at rest last session, yet it is my duty to tell you that I know most certainly, whatever may be the views and intentions of the Government, that the question of the repeal will be brought forward at the next session,and supported by all the strength of its advocates. There is a spirit abroad in the manufacturing districts which will find its vent in their Representatives in Parliament, and if you would successfully resist their thriving efforts you must be awake and stirring; you must not allow your selves to be deluded by any reports to the contrary. The newspapers which support the Government will fully convince you of this. They will try by every means to alter the existing corn laws ; and I ask you wbether we are to look tamely on and be despoiled of our only chance of protection and our only safeguard from ruin? We are assailed by a cry intended to excite the people against us. It is that of cheap bread.' I say at once, and avow, in the name of the farmers, that we seek not to live on the spoils of others, but only to obtain that fair and equitable remuneration which shall support us and enable us to pay our labourers. Let me again assure this meeting of my anxiety to forward the wishes and resolutions of this Association by every means in my power, my only object being to obtain redress and relief for the agricultural interest, and the thousands and millions dependant on them for support. We must, let me again say, support the laws of the land we live in with all due loyalty, and we must aid our Government in putting down those who would resist it ; but if we are unanimous and active, we shall obtain constitutionally what other classes are attempting illegally. To avoid dif ficulties still greater, and ruin that will else stare us in the face, we must, I repeat, use every legal exertion to obtain relief. Let us, then, cast aside all political feelings on the question, and, looking to the real truth of our position, stand up manfully for the soil that supports us, and, by every mode and in every way that is honest and consistent, ask the due protection of our rig!, and the proper redress of our interests." His Lordship's speech was attended throughout with great cheering, which lasted for a considerable time after he had concluded. R. SUTTON, Esq., then proposed the following reso lution :-- " it is resolved—That the experience of the last year, supported by the Report of the Select Committees of the House of Commons on the state of agriculture, confirms the opinion recorded at a public meeting of this Asso ciation, on the 23d of January, 1833, that the present system of the Corn Laws ought not to be altered." Carried unanimously. Colonel HANMER then proposed that a Committee be appointed. Lord CHANDOS having informed the meeting that he had received 1001. to be appropriated to the agricultural labourers, it was " Resolved—That the Association having taken into consideration the proposition moved by T. R. Barker, Esq., on the 20th of February, 1833, for the institution of rewards for the encouragement of the industrious la bourer, are of opinion that such an institution would be highly desirable." Carried unanimously. Mr. SurroN hoped that the Committee would suggest some means of increasing the fund presented by Lord Chandos, by which the rewards and encouragements should be carried on annually. The wool fair at A)les bury had been productive of great benefit, and he hoped that next year the article of bark would be added to it. At present in Hertfordshire (and the custom prevails all over the kingdom) the tanners, in May, received the oak bark when the timber was felled, and then in August next determined on the price to be given. The mode required alteration, and he thought it might be effected with ad vantage to the farmer. Lord CHANOOO wished to hear the opinions of the farmers as to the proposed rewards for labourers. Mr. BRIKWELL, of Leckhamstead, was decidedly of opinion that it was a veiy beneficial plan, and would stimu • late the labourers to industry and sobriety. Lord CHANDOS—The great object is to keep men off the parish, and I think these rewards should be con fined to those parishes in which a member of the asso ciation resides. I mention this, not to limit the extent of the encouragement, but to induce farmers of all parishes to join us. T. RAYMOND BARKER, Esq., thought if the sum so kindly given for these excellent purposes were well ad- judged it would be a great inducement with many to make the prices annual and permanent. The opinion in favour of this distribution was unani mous, many present speaking in approval of the propo sition. Other resolutions were then passed to further the objects of the Association, as also votes of thanks to the Marquis of Chandos, Sir Harry Verney, Sir Thomas Fre mantle, Colonel Clayton, Members of this Association, and the other Members of the House of Commons who supported the measures introduced to the Legislature (luring the last session of Parliament fur relieving agricul tural distress. The N,,ble Marquis and the other Members returned thanks for the compliment paid them in short and appro priate speeches; after which the meeting adjourned until four o'clock, when upwards of sixty of the moat respectable persons in the county sat down to dinner, the Marquis of CIiANDOX in the Chair. / - "e"-- SPIRIT OF Tris'PUBLIC JOURNALS. We were considerably surprised on looking g\ i over the proceedin iit the justice-room i n t h e Mansion-house in" ert!ay' li. s e i ty'yhen the case of the journeyerilatt f-before the Court, to observe that tliPt.Or ayor allowed the friends of the defendants to clap their hands and cheer, not only when evidence was given. favourable to the defendants, but even when their solicitor made statements in their behalf, though unsupported by evidence ; and in the same spirit, that evidence or statements hostile to the plaintiff (the master hatter) were received, and allowed to be received, with hisses. Now, that it is not always possible to prevent sudden and almost instinctive bursts of feeling, eve►► in our gravest Courts, we know full well, though the Judges always menace, and sometimes punish, those by whom the decorum of justice is thus violated ; but this is the first time, we believe, that such scenes were tolerated or allowed to pass unrepressed by presiding magistrates, and we cannot suffer such a disregard of the dignity of the Bench to pa's into practice without re monstrance. The police report states—" The hall and justice-room beim: , crowded with jour neymen hatters, who testified their feeling un constrainedly, as the case went on, by applaud ing what pleased, and hissing what displeased, them, the Lord Mayor thought it advisable not to check the impulse, and certainly the matter came to a speedier conclusion on that account." We do not believe this corollary of the police reporter about the speediness of the conclusion. However, were the fact so, all that we can say is, that it may be a transatlantic, but is certainly not an English, method of administering justice. It must be observed that it was not a popular impulse or a popular feeling that remained un checked, such as might have been passed over on some great question of public right, but they were " cheers and hisses" proceeding from those who had a personal interest, detached from that of their countrymen at large, in the issue of the investigation : the " cheers and hisses" were from men bound together by the same illegal conspiracy as that which was charged upon the defendant then before the Court. What would be said if, when a horse stealer were upon his trial, the rest of the gang were suffered to hiss and cheer as the evidence appeared to convict or absolve the accused ? Certainly, if a court of justice is to be thus conducted, we should be consistent to the end ; and those who are allowed to hiss and cheer the proceedings as they go on, should also be permitted to pelt the Judge if he decides against them, and to cheer him if his judgment be favourable to their cause. On combinations of all kinds among manufacturing journeymen, we have spoken so earnestly on many previous occasions, that we shall not now add much. Every man, if he please, is at liberty to desist from working when he thinks his wages inadequate ; but he has no right to menace or drag others from their work. V This combination among journeymen hatters tends to make every poor man's hat dearer to him ; and what is the consequence ? That we see so many boys and men without hats, but instead thereof wearing caps and calques, and all kinds of scaramouch covering to the head ; whereas, if every man wore a hat, as the cheapest and best covering for the head, the supply would be so much the greater, and the wages of the journey men would rise of themselves. The workmen who engage in these combinations to raise by voluntary strikes, or by ruffian intimidation, the rate of wages, proceed on the erroneous supposition, either that the master manufac turers are realizing enormous profits at their expense, or that, by demanding higher wages, they can compel the public, foreign or domestic, to purchase the productions of their labour at a higher price. On either hypothesis they are completely wrong, and their leaders, who preach such doctrines, are only doing all they can to render them the victims of a mischievous de lusion. Where there is no monopoly, capital cannot long continue to yield higher profits in one branch of business than another, for this obvious reason--that the more pro fitable business would immediately attract to itself more stock from trades less profitable, till com petition reduced them all to the same level. If the woollen trade, for instance, in which the combinations at present chiefly prevail, afforded an excessive return to the capital of the manu facturer, his profits would soon be reduced in two ways-Ist, by the competition of individual manufacturers among themselves for a larger share of the business, by tempting the market at lower prices; and, 2dly, by the influx of new money and enterprise into so enticing a field. These are nearly self-evident truths, the application of which would not be difficult, if the workmen did not allow their own cupidity or the deceitful rhetoric of their leaders to overpower their re flection and better reason. Let a number of them club together to form a joint-stock purse for the purpose of purchasing a factory, and entering into competition with their former em ployers, instead of interrupting their works, and they will then see, by the result of their experi ment, that they could not obtain for themselves, or afford to their fellow workmen, better terms than their masters are now disposed to allow them. If, then, the master-manufacturers arc not making these excessive profits, out of which they can afford to pay the demanded rise of wages, the only other source whence the rise of wages could come would be a forced rise of prices on the goods produced, out of which both profits and wages must ultimately be obtained : but here again the experiment would certainly issue in a com plete failure. The workmen might, indeed, by refusing to work, render manufactures scarce, and consequently dear, but they themselvescould derive no benefit from a rise in price created by a deficiency of employment. If it were not almost a contradiction in terms to combine a great abundance of an article with high prices, and if by obtaining higher wages the journeymen actually raised the price of goods in this country, what would happen in the foreign markets which we now supply ? By the hypothesis of the workmen, they might compel a rise in price by demanding a rise in wages, but could they likewise compel a customer to purchase a high priced commodity when he could obtain an article as good at a lower rate ? The absurdity of the supposition is apparent to the meanest understanding ; and, as about two-thirds of several of our staple manufactures are exported for foreign use, the workmen, in attempting to raise their price, are only labouring to deprive themselves of those wages which they now enjoy, and throwing the trade into the hands of their foreign rivals. No branch of trade or manufac tureuid- such da the Nneoscpre to c hot a sf ri ; saa p usn o cdth s h s o i t b sh el maximseyuo onb b d ess e tthchol o iteril i . pn i , d ,ttal u it A,o: e eir t :a e tdc d dhgele.osci r u Nn7e n csuttlo d liaol e inlu r libltmoy t i litolso e ,efu.aso g drf: re spectable whose l et t c e r o co rresp ondent