The Sun. — London, England, 1854-04-18 00:00:00

AMERICA. LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY, 1 30 A.M.—By the steamer Africa we have advices from New York to the sth inst. She has brought $200,000 in specie. On the 9th of April she passed the ship Florida, steer ing westward, in lat. 52, long. 41. On the 16th spoke the brig George Marsden, 56 days from Malta, short of provisions, and. supplied them ; same day passed the brig Ocean and ship General Washington, steering westward, in long. 11 28 ; and at 5 25 p.m. passed the steamer Arabia, from Liverpool for Boston. The steamer Baltic arrived at New York on the 4th. The steamer City of Glasgow had • not arrived at Philadelphia. She was in her 36th day out from Liverpool. In the House of Representatives at Washington Mr. Campbell, of Ohio, introduced a resolution requesting the President to open negotiations with England, with the view of ascertaining upon what terms the latter Government would consent to the annexation of Canada to the United States ! The resolution was rejected by a majority of 119 to 28. From Havannah, we have advices to.the 29th ult. ' ltiuch inconvenience was felt in many parts of the sland from drought. Upwards of 20 sugar planta ' 'ns , including some of the largest in the island, lad been destroyed by fire, the dry . cane having ignited from sparks issuing from a railway locomo tive. The Spanish war steamer Pizarro had been lost on a reef of rocks off the east end of Cuba. The tendency of the New York stock-market was still downward. The money-market was active at 7 per cent. for call loans, and 9 to 10 per cent. for first-class paper. Exchwn.ge on London, 108 to 108; ; Paris, sf. 161 to sf. 13c. Cotton in limited demand, without change in prices. Wheat and flour in good demand, at slightly improved prices. Pork dull, and lower. Beef in good demand, at advancing prices. Scotch pig iron in good demand, at $4l to *42 50c., six months. Freights to London without change. THE PRESTON SPIKE Prom the Preston Chronicle.) Whenever Mr. Ma c k ay i ssues another edition of his " History of Popular Delusions," we cannot doubt but he will give a chapter on Strikes.' The Preston strike, turn-out, lock-out, or whatever name its advocates and authors choose to call it, it is one of the grandest miz tures of fraud an d f o ll y which the present generation has witnessed. Th e b u bbl es of the M i ss i ss i pp i s c heme, the belied' in witchc ra ft an d ghosts, t h e per f or mances of spirit rapping, are scarcely stronger instances of igno rant credulity th an we have seen in this town for the last fe w months, in young men and women spending their time in idleness, eating the ill-spared and extorted fruits o f other people's industry, and swallowing every idle t a l e an d b ar efaced falsehood which a lot o f men, fatteeinir on the spoils of this charlatanry, weekly retail to them. Here we have had nearly twenty thousand people,. not merely passing their time in idleness, but risking their own future com fort and happiness, and the very means of their exist ence, and for what ? Having secured a large increase in their earnings, a few of them raised a squabble about something less than three farthings a head weekly-in an extensive mill, and to fight for this shadow they under took a contest in which they were all but certain to miss not only what they were aiming at, but to lose whit they had so recently acquired, and, in addition, they have now lost at least 300,0001. As to the merits of this very disput e , th ere i s scarcely a delegate who has not privately admitted that the step taken was absolute folly and that the demand preferred was, under all the circumstances, unfair, unreasonable, and unjustifi able. Yet those who caused the dispute have been the weekly recipients of a share of the sums raised for the support of injured operatives. The leaders of the strike know that the game is up ; they know that the agitation is nearly at an end, that the time of their profiting by the unholy warfare in which they are engaged is limited. In private they ad reit that their cause is hopeless, but to their listening dupes on Ribbleton Moor, or in the COck-pit, it serves their purpose to proclaim it on the eve of victory ;—they may tell them that "short time" at Stockport is merely a false alarm of the Chronicle, and reduced wages at Blackburn another ruse of the manufacturers, but such attempts to expl a i n away di sagreea bl e f acts can on l y con vict them of further tampering with the truth. They know that in several mills at Stockport the notice to reduce wages has expired, and that any further work will be at the reduced rates. According to the admission of these men themselves, what sort of trustees have they been of the large sums of money with which they have been entrusted ? Let the poor girls of Blackburn and Darwen—the mothers of Stockport and Ashton, from whom weekly pence have been wrung in aid of this movement, know that this very week the public have been told by two of the leaders of the movement, that upwards of a thousand persons have all along been receiving money w e ekly from the w eavers ' committee, who had no right or claim to it whatever. It had long been known that a large number of favourites were in receipt of pensions from the delegates, out of the operatives' fund—women who never were within the walls of a factory in their lives, and who never intend to enter one for the purpose of working there ; but it was never suspected that the malappropriation of funds had i been of so gross a character, or to so large an extent, as s now admitted by the miaappropriators themselves, One-eighth of the persons relieved by the weavers' COM• mittee are admitted to have received it wrongfully— half-a-crown out of every pound contributed to the Pres ton weavers' committee, by the factory bands of Lanca shire, has been paid to persons who had no right to it ! We are well aware that any remarks of ours, or in deed of any persons questioning the wisdom of the course pursued by the leaders of the strike, are at once set down as panned in the interest of the millowneri. This is one of the falsehoods which these men knowingly utter to those who are so simple as to submit to their guidance. The question at issue is not merely between the - millowners and the operatives ; it is rather be tween the operatives and the delegates, who, like the Old Man of the Sea upon Sinbad, have fixed themselves so firmly as to be an incubus upon their every movement. Could the working classes see their interests in their true light, all their efforts would be unceasingly directed to remove this incubus ; until this be done, farewell to the independence of working men, farewell to the pros perity of the working classes. As respects any identity, either of feeling or interest, between ourselves and the Preston millowners upon this question, the dele gates know that their insinuations and assertions have been alike utterly groundless. We have ques tioned the wisdom of much that the masters have done we have censured steps they have taken ; we have never sought for or desired their confidence ; our efforts have been directed to the furtherance of the real interests of the working classes; which can only be advanced by their emancipation from the thraldom under which they now labour. It is the independent position -we have taken, and the unfettered expression of our opinion that has rendered our advice so unp alatable, and this journal so o b nox i ous to these nann—whichhascased these b e ll owers for free d om an d l i b er ty to c o ns ider, as an essential p or ti on o f t h e i r m i ss ion, the prevention, by all the means in their power, and no matter at what test or sacrifice, of working men reading the Chronicle. Such efforts, whatever else may be their effect, shall, we promise them, fail entirely in inducing US to express opinions we do not entertain, or to withhold censures we consider called for. We should ill discharge the duties of a journalist were we to pander to a junta, powerful as at present it unfortunately may be, that has been so long cursing this town with its obnoxious presence. While noticing the strike and its incidents we would not overook the offer of a compromise made by one section of the turn-outs. Whatever may be the merits 'of the proposal made in the circular issued on behalf of the o p erative spinners, which .appears in another "thlren, we cannot but commend the spirit in which it is made. Although in many respects the various com mittees of operatives have been identified, yet the spin ners were unconnected with the unreasonable demands which caused the lock-out, and they have shown great ; wisdom and judgment in now abandoning an undiscri minating mid arbitrary rate of advance. It is to be regretted that meu who now see the futility of the de mand which they have so long upheld, will, not avail themselves of the present adverse state of affairs to close the struggle they are engaged in, for they must know that against the powerful combination which they are fighting they are powerless, the more particularly in the present state of trade. If work were resumed, and masters and men again free agents, wages must as cer tainly rise with the brightening prospects of trade as light follows darkness, or spring - succeeds to winter, ROYAL NAVAL BENEVOLENT SOCIETY. --The meeting of this institution was heldqurterly a yesterdayt Thatched House Tav er n ; Admiral Lord Radstockinth e chair. Mr. Skea d, the secretar y , read t he report. The e receipts of the institution from the beginning of the pr e . sent year had amounted to 1,2311. 10s. 10d., i no h i di ee , a balance at the commencement of the quarter of 155 1, 18s. 10d. Of this sum 548 1 . 18 s. Ba. was derived from interest on stock, and 4901. 16s. 6d. from annual sub scription. The expenditure bad Wien considerably short of this BUM, leaving a balance of 5631. 3s. 7d. ; 4401. had been distributed in grants, and 1271. ls. 6d. invested in the Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents. The total amount of stock now belonging to the insti tution was 36,3341. 9s. 9d. This statement of accounts having been agreed to, Captain Marshall wished to know why the stock was continually augmented, while no proportionate in crease was made in the grants? The chairman said that anbydlife their rules th e y were bound to invest all legacies distributed, wh a t subscripti ons . If th e life subscriptions were had the society to fall back upon ? Captain Marsh a ll said tha t under the present system the only- joined it a as great advantages to those who had short time as to those who had sub scribed 40 or 45 That was a matter which ought be inquired years.rito T hem otion subject then dropped, it being understood that a e should be founded upon it on a future occasion, an d the adjourned. NEW ACT TO COMPEL THE ATT EN DANCEom OF WITNESSES. --On Saturday a bill in the C proposed to compelurisdi Ji e ons was printed, by which it i s b eti :ttendance of wit nesses residing out of the courts, if they are within the United j urisdi ction the superior alleged that at present inconvenience arises,gm. It is order of a court or judge is necessary . N o t hi ng A. special in the act about the compensation Or is said given to the parties , expenses to be EVENING, APRIL 18, , 1854. FOLIC., , ENCE._ GUILDHALL.—CharIes Mille,. was charged with burglariously entering the premises of Messrs. Emery, the drapers, at the corner of Holborn-hill and Farring don-street, and stealing therefrom a piece of Cobourg cloth of the wholesale value of 28s. Police-constable 292 said, that about up 'clockt F w a o rri o ugdu u. g ou o t in o g f No. 44, and p u ll s y t e r s e t e e t r , d he ey saw m o r t n h i e n g, prisoner a s h e was e the door to after him. Witness followed him, and he then ran up Skinner-street, where he was stopped- : } 7 policeman 247, The house No. 44 was an empty _house, and the prisoner, when he came out of it, had neither boots nor shoes on his feet. Witness took him to the police-station, and returned to watch the premises. Inspector Teague said, when the prisoner was brought to the staion he noticed his hands were black, as if he had been clambering over the roof of some house or other building ; and on receiving the charge be went with Sergeant Oram and the two officers, 292 and 247, to inspect the premises in Farringdon-street, when three large bags (evidently intended to carry the property away in) were found near the window on the first floor, leading to the leads over Messrs. Emery's shop adjoin ing. Witness went on the leads, and found the padlock that secured the skylight had been forced from its posi tion, the staple and screw having been drawn by means of a spike gimlet. He also found some congreves, some of which were partially consumed, strewn about the floor, and a knotted rope suspended from the skylight in the shop to answer the purpose of a ladder. A pair of boots was also found on the premises, which witness gave the priso ner , t e lli ng him he had brought him his boots, upon which the prisoner put them on his feet without making any remark. Sergeant Oram said on receiving information of the prisoner's apprehension on a charge of burglary, he wen to the back of the empty house facing Plumtree court, and after climbing over the walls he got on the leads of the adjoining premises, belonging to Messrs. Emery. The window of the back room on the first floor was open, and in the room he found a spike gim let, which had been used in forcing the padleek, a jemmy, a dark lantern, a pair of boots, and a piece of Cobourg cloth. He also found a knotted rope sus pended in the shop from the skylight, by which access had been gained to that part of the premises, and a ladder was placed near the skylight to afford egress. A shopman to Messrs. Emery identified the C o b ourg cloth as his employers' property, and stated that the premises were closed on Saturday night at half-past 9 or 10 o'clock. Several of the young men, as well as Mr. Emery, slept on the premises. The Cobourg cloth produced was left on the counter in the shop on Satur day night. The prisoner was remanded. LAMBETH.—Mrs. Catherine Saville, a respectably dressed, middle aged female, was charged with de stroying George Edward Saville, her infant son, by drowning. Ellen Doyle, a servant to the prisoner and her husband, said, on Saturday morning last a little before 9 o'clock, I saw my mistress (the prisoner) carry the baby up stairs in her shawl, and soon after she came down stairs and went out, Immediately after I thought I heard the baby cry, and went up stairs, but on try ing my mistress's bed-room, I found it was locked and the key gone. I ran down stairs again, and found a key which opened the bed-room, On unlocking the door and going into the room, I saw the poor child lying on the floor with its face in a basin of dirty water. I screamed out as loud as I could, and some persons came to my assistance, but the baby was quite dead. Eliza Pursell, residing at No. 7, Leonard's-square, Finsbury, deposed that on Saturday morning she was at the house of Mr. Saville, and on hearing the last witness scream, she ran up stairs, and found the child, who had been just removed from the position iu which it had been found, with its head in a basin of cold water, quite dead. Sergeant Jelan Holdeway, 4 P, said that from infor mation he received he went to the house of Mr. Saville on Saturday forenoon, and took the prisoner into cus tody. He told her that he took her for killing her child, and she made no reply, nor did she betray the slightest regret or emotio n w h en h e told, her so. Mr. Clifford, the relieving officer of Camberwell parish, informed the magistrate that from inquiries he had made on the subject, it appeared that the prisoner, after taking the child up stairs, and no doubt placing it in the position in which it was found, set out from her home, and proceeded to the place of business of her husband near Finsbury -square, and on seeing him at once stated to him the particulars df what she had done. The husband hoped, though his wife had for some days exhibited symptoms of aberration of mind, that she was not guilty of the act, but at once hurried home, when he unfortunately found that her story was true. Mr. Elliott said that he should have to remand the prisoner. After giving the usual caution, the magistrate asked the prisoner if she wished to say anything in reply to the charge against her ? The prisoner, with a smile 6n her countenance, re plied—l wish to speak nothing but the truth. I knew that the child had been very much neglected, and I thought it had better die and go to Heaven at once. I was very comfortable, and had everything I wanted. She was then removed from the bar, and the magis• trate gave directions that she should be at once taken to Horsenionger-lane gaol, to prevent the excitement that it was thought would have been occasioned by her being placed with the other prisoners in the cells of the court, and Serjeant Holdeway was desired to mention the nature of the charge against the prisoner and her un fortunate malady to the prison authorities, so that she might be carefully looked after and have the attandance of Mr. Harris, the medical gentleman in charge of the prisoners there. THAMES.—A 'in 11`Carthy, an elderly Irishwoman, of No. 5, Glasshouse-yard, Rosemary-lane, was charged with stealing 31. 13s. 6d., a hat, handkerchief, and other property, from the person of Lewis Morris, joiner, of 72, Great College-street, Camden-town. The prosecutor, whose manner created great merri ment in a crowded cour t, sa id h e was passing over Tower-hill late on Saturday night, when he fell down and took a nap on the stones. (Laughter.) Mr. Yardley—lt was very cold, was it not ? Witness—Well, I did not feel it so, because I had something warm within me. (Laughter.) Well, sir, I had a bit of a dream, and while I was dreaming I thought that some one was pulling at the guard chain of my watoh. I woke up in a fright, and lo and behold there were two women had hold of me, and stripping me. My kat and handkerchief was gone, my coat was half off, all the money I had, 3/. 13s. 6d. was taken out of my waistcoat pocket, and my watch guard was cut. Mr. Yardley—You did not lose your watch, I hope, Mr. Morris ? Witness—No, sir ; but there were no thanks to the ladies. My waistcoat was rent to pieces, and my fob was cut. I grasped and held them both, and sung out, " Murder !—police !" as loud as I could ; and when a police constable came up, I said, "Take these women in charge for robbing me." He said, •` No, I will not." I said, " You shall, for they have robbed me." " Will you swear it ? " says he, " To be sure I will," said I ; "is not my waistcoat rent open ?" but he would not take them in charge.—l told him I should turn them over to another officer, and he took one woman and let the other go. It was the most complicated affair I ever knew. Mr. Yardley —So it appears ; did you find your money ? Witness —No. I want to know what became of my hat, sir ? Mr. Yardley—That is a, question I can't answer. Most likely the person who took the money took your hat. You lost 1/. 13s. 6d. Witness (staring)-11. 13s. 6d. ! Whyit was 3/. 13s. 6d. They did not leave me enough for a pot of beer. (Loud laughter.) Mr. Yardley—Only 1/. 13.3. 6d. is entered on the pohee-sheet. Witness—lt is a mistake in the entry. At the sta tion-house I saw strange things, and the inspector made use of very obscene language, quite derogatory to human nature, Mr. Yardley—Well, what did he say ? Witness—He said, "So help me God, you know a great deal too much, old fellow." Mr. Yardley— I very much doubt the correctness of the inspector's observation, but do not see any obscenity in it. Now go on. Witness—There ends my catechism. (More laughter.) Police-constable Bailey, No. 107 H, said that he heard the prosecutor calling out " Police," and on going u up to the spot he found him without his hat struggling I fi with the prisoner, whom he charged with ro4ery. b, There was no other woman near him. Morris—How can you stand there and tell such a lie ? I had hold of both. ' Bailey —I only saw one. Mr. Yardley —And you only found ls. 6d. upon the prisoner. Discharge her. DISFRAN CHISING SOME 1117:1DREDS OP • AT OTEns.-01:1 Saturday the " five bills" of the Attorney-General to disfranchise cer t a i n voters in Canterbury, Cambridge, Kingston-upon-Hull, Malden, and Barnstaple were printed. Th e names of the voters set forth in the bill s, and it is declared that they were proved to have been guilty of bribery before the late commissions. There fore it is declared that they shall " for aver be disabled to vote in any election of any member or members" for the particular boroughs named by the bill. THE GREEK INSURRECTION.---It is currently reported in respectable circles in Manchester that the Greek mer cantile houses there, and in London and Liverpool, have subscribed largely to promote the insurrection in Tur key. The Manchester fund alone is said to have reached 10,0001. OFFER oF A POLISH LEGION TO THE BRITISH Go ' VENNMENT.—A. proposal has been made on the part of the Poles to form a Polish Legien, which being supplied with munitions of war shall fight side by side with the English and French troops against the common enemy. An address to that effect was sent to the Right Hon. 'sAprreipllyl.--- the Earl of Aberdeen, First Lord of the Treasury, for on behalf 1 le a l p na l l ) fraoonv:ll yourself the ()oui iis Polish followingeio n , is i) t o h w e n i noble ng.st r e e earl's • Ime desired by my Lord Aberdeen to acknow " Sir,-- ] le , e the receipt of the letter you addressed to him on the France which, against Russia, you express a hope, 3rd lust., in adverting to the declaration of war by , your countrymen residin,, ,, at that •s h 'e e l L f r l‘ a f;j d esty N ' v s hi G eh Ov b er e n in ln g en sl t ipp w l i ie ll a allow ar the common enemy; and I am shall: fight side by side with the English you Por t t s , al ) form otith ' a and French troops against to acquaint you that your letter has been refeir_redfodr the the consideration of State for lar an the Secretary of Colonies.—l have the honour to be, sir, your obedient servant, -- _. "CLINTON G. I).twEINS. " Major Stawiargkiy 43, Grigg-street, Southsea, Portsmouth." an vari SYRO-E! 'OCIET Y. The last ordinary meeting of the Syro-Egyptian So ciety was held on Tuesday evening, the 11th inst., at their rooms, Mortimer-street, Cavendish-square ; Mr. Thomas Wright, F.S.A., in the chair. After the reading and authentication of the minutes of the preceding meeting, the Rev. Dr. Hewlett and Mr. Keen were declared elected members of the society. The following communications were made to the meet ing : --1.--The exhibition ea coin, with soine - Veik- small yet beautifully executed objects in terra cotta= from the city of Tadrnor, in the neighbourhood of the city of Palmyra. These were almost square in form, having upon each t wo recumbent figures, and were evidently th production of a considerably advanced state of art, on account of their smallness, as well as of the beauty of execution of the figures upon them. A magnified drawing of these was exhibited, which showed that in their general-character they were Palmyrene. The figures represented were those of a male and female gracefully reclining upon a Roman couch, their head-dress, however, not being Roman; but partaking rather of an Oriental style. 2. A paper was read, "On the Intellectual Character and Habits of the Arabians, as, for the most part, dis played in the MAkamdt of Al Hariri, of Basra," by Dr. W. Camps, treasurer of the society. Dr. Camps, com menced his paper by-stating that, on the occasion of the establishment of the Chronological Institute of London, he read the first of a series of papers on the Chronology of Medical Literature, from the earliest periods of the history of medicine, and, in consequence of historical and literary researches for that purpose, he was led to observe, in some degree, to what extent the literature as well as the science and art of medicine were indebted to the Arabian school—an obligation not unfrequently ad ' mitted and acknowledged in classical medical literature of more modern times. At about this time, too, by a most fortunate accidental coincidence, there fell into his hands Mr. (now, he believed, Professor) Preston's trans , lation from the original Arabic, with annotations, of the Makzirnat of Al Hariri, of Basra, and he was thus in duced to look the more closely into this work, in order to glean what information it might afford as -to the in tellectual habits and tastes of this people at a given period in their history ; and in this Jae had by no means been, disappointed, for it contains a great deal of ethnological information, as bearing upon the moral, social, and intellectual faculties and habits of one of the most ancient and, in many res p ec t s , a very remarkable ra eof the great human family. Consider ing this peoprfti Aevariety of a more comprehensive ethnological class'or -group commonly designated by the term Caucasian, they at once present themselves to our notice attended by much that is highly interesting in connection with the early history of mankind. Cognate with the Hebrews, by descent from the Jewish Patriarch Abraham, and so from his son Ishmael, the child of an Egyptian woman servant, they are not even on that account, devoid of interest as to their origin and early history. In the opinion of many—in which the author of the present paper concurs—the writer of one of the oldest poetical works extant was rather Arabian than Jewish--a volume which, regarded merely as a literary composition, presents us with, most unquestionably, one of the very finest and most beautiful specimens of con templative poetry that the world has ever seen, or pro bably ever will— namely, that ancient work known to us by the familiar term, the "Book of Job." Amongst the different people composing the Syro-Arabian race, few, if any, are better known to us than the Jews and their congeners, the Arabians ; and tenaciously as the former (the Jews) have preserved unto this day their national characteristics, the latter (the Arabians) have not less markedly and tenaciously preserved their national peculiarities. Physically, they are des cribed by writers and travellers amongst them to be to day what they are said ever to have been • and whether observed i n th e i r own proper country, Zrabia, and in adjacent geographical limit, or in Africa, this people are the faithful representatives of the Semitic races. The Arabians, properly so called, and modifications always excepted, are, with but few exceptions, rather thin than robust ; the superior class amongst them, as the sheikhs and their families, have a most marked resemblance of figure, the skin indeed varying in colour ; the face is usually long and thin, the forehead rising in beautiful but not large expansion towards the summit of the head ; the nose is for the most part regular and aquiline in shape, the mouth and chin striking and expressive, thus imparting a roundish rather than an angular appearance to the face; the eyes are commonly dark, almost black and sparkling, and deeply seated under the eye-brows. Their limbs are supple, and not very muscular, and' rather small than otherwise, whilst the hands frequently, even of the males, have a delicacy of size and form which is almost feminine. In their social relations, too, they have preserved the same manners and customs, towards each other, and towards strangers, as they are said to have exercised in the remotest period of their history. About 600 years after the birth of Jesus Christ, a new re ligion, followed subsequently by anew era in literature and the arts, had its origin in Arabia. The inhabitants of this country under their leader, both a prophet and a warrior, Mahomet, and his immediate successors, issued forth, sword in hand, from the deserts of Arabia, and rapidly subjugated to the Koran, by their sword, several great and powerful provinces in Asia and in Africa, as well as a great part, if not the whole, of one European province, that of Spain. The study of their venerated book, the Korai, consisting for the most part of the wild raphsodies of Mahomet and the profession of arms, were the only pursuits then in repute, or even tolerated amongst - his earliest followers. Under the first succes sors of Mahomet, that noble and stupendous monument of ancient literature, the library collected at Alexandria, in Egypt, the most magnificent assemblage of books that the civilised world could at that time boast of, was con sumed by conflagration to ashes. In this devastation, according to some authorities, four, according to others eleven, hundred thousand volumes were destroyed, six hundred volumes only, as it is said, being rescued from the flaming havoc. When, however the religious fana ticism of the follower s of Mahomet had somewhat abated, after they had become enriched by commerce, and their military ardour was satiated with conquest, their ignorant ferocity gradually subsided, and subsequently literature and the arts were cultivated amongst them, and with great industry. The medical profession in particular was rewarded and encouraged with rank and liberal endow ments, in many instances superior to every other nation where the healing art had hitherto been exercised ; and they, i.e., the Mahometans, early endowed several me dical schools in Persia, in Africa, and in Spain. It be came a custom with the Mahometans, wherever they built a temple for religious worship, to append to it a school, and an hospital for the cure and relief of the sick. Historians assert that one of the Caliphs, in the year 820, sent to the Greek Emperor at Constantinople, to request copies of his best books, which he ordered to be translated into Arabic by some of the Jews or Greek Christians. The works of Galen had been first trans lated into the Syriac language, but the translation is said to have been very wretchedlyPexecuted, and adul terated, so to speak, with the vain fables and astrologi cal notions of the Arabians. Aristotle, too, is said to have been studied with an incredible ardour by the fol lowers of Mahomet. Magic, what is termed judicial astrology, and the interpretation of dreams were also in high repute, and by these the Mahometans regu lated their most important undertakings. The Arabians, there is little doubt, combined with their own celestial observations those made by the Assyrians, the Babylo nians, the Egyptians, and the Greeks, in astronomical science, such as it was. Algebra, too, a species of science connected with mental or psychological operations, is, as its name implies, of Arabian origin, and is a description of universal arithmetic, by means of which intricate mathematical problems are resolved, and arithmetical operations greatly facilitated. Rhayes, A.D. 900, and Avicenna a little later, were me • dical authors and physicians ; the-former being by birth a native of Persia, practising at Bagdad, and presiding over an hospital in that city of the Caliphs. Besides these, the author mentioned, as belonging to the same category, Haly Abbas, Aveuzour, Avenhoes, Albueasis, and Abi Ashin, with others, he has furnished us with a catalogue of three hundred medical writers amongst the Mahometans. The Arabians were at no period of their history a people altogether sunk in savage barbarism. The-position and the climate of their country might be expected to conduce to some considerable advance in their social institutions. A climate exciting, further, a naturally lively imagination, might be supposed to be favourable to a kind of poetry peculiar to their country, and:as has been remarked, if copiousness and abundance of imagery, wild and extravagant productions of an over-excited imagination, intense activity of sensa ions, combined with a rare talent for concealing the red principles- or maxims of truth and of morality meath the most agreeable veil, as in beautiful figures ad metaphors, constitute at once the essence and the harm of poetry, then we say, to no place could we Lools with more tolerable certainty of finding this art— that. of poetry—more generally and more successfully cultivated than in Arabia. The dispersion of the savans of the school of Edessa, and the expulsion of the Pla.- tonib sect of Athens, by order of Justinian, contribut e d greatly to ex t en d the study of the sciences and of lite rature amongst the Arabians ; and after the conquest of Egypt, by the Caliph Omar, they (the Arabians) soon learnt to perceive the advantages that accrue to a people from an application to, and an application of the sciences, arts, and literature. The academy of Bagdad, founded most probably by the Caliph Almansor, ulti mately acquired a high reputation as a place of learn ing; so much so as to be held in higher estimation than almost any other similar institution within the Maho metan domain. Fabricius informs us that, from all countries of the world, so great was the influx of pro fessors and of pupils into the city of Bagdad, that at one tone it was computed there were assembled in that city not fewer than six thousand savans. The successor of the , Caliph Almansor, the more distinguished Caliph Haremaal-Raschid, extended to a greater degree than his predecessor his love for science, as well as the pro tection the former had bestowed upon learned institu tions. He drew around him intelligent Christians from Syria and the neighbouring countries, some of whom 'mployed themselves in translating the Greek authors ; 'se Caliph richly rewarded for their literary labours, el !authorised them to instruct his subjects in the 1;)113 departments of science and art, and especially in La! of medicine. He is described by Abulfeda, Abul- Lraga, an d su b sequently b y Ben j am i n of Tudela, as hesys surrounding himself by some one or more learned aers as not disdaining even to take part in their literary nr.l!scientific discussions, and as adding- or combining ais advice and opinions on many points with those of the 'nost learned of those that surrounded him. The mess distinguished of the Caliphs, for his promotion of liteature, science, and the arts, was, however, Alma mod], a successor of Haroun-al-Raschid, who has almost inuslortalised his name by his devotedness to learning. Hekarried his -zeal for learning so far as to- give just offence to the true Mussulman believers, who contended that he had most justly exposed himself to Divine wrath for having so far favoured philosophy, and by this means THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY to have diminished in proportion the sacred authority of the Koran. At Tunis, Fez, and Morocco, and especially in Spain. literature, science, and art flourished in a greater or in less degree, as in the establishments of learning at Cordova, Seville, and Toledo. At this time, that is, about the eighth century, the various Mahometan provinces of the East were amongst the chief asylums of literature and the sciences, History informs us of more than one Emir of Irak devoted to learning, and one of these, Saif-Ed-Dhala, established at Koufa and at Bas sore schools of learning of considerable celebrity. An -other was established at Kurdistan, and Ferusabad, and which enjoyed a public library, containing as many as 7,000 volumes. Later, there was established, in the city of Damascus, a most renowned school, particularly of medicine, at which the Caliph Malek-adel was accus tomed to be present, attending upon the classes, with his book under his arm. In the very depth of the East, at Bokhara, there was a school and a library under the rule of the Saracens. Philosophy was too evidently op posed to Islamism to be tolerated, even at first, by the immediate successors of Mahomet, and, for a long time after him, the studies that occupied the Pagan philoso phers (as they were termed) were regarded amongst the most impious of crimes of which the genuine true Mus sulinan could be guilty. When, at length, Islamism and the empire of Mahomet were sufficiently and firmly esta blished by fire and by sword, the Arabians obtained per mission to study philosophy after their fashion, The Arabian dialecticians are said to have formed their mode after the model of the modern philosophers of the Alex andrian school. Astrology and alchemy agreed most completely with the national tastes and habits of the nation, although Islamism forbad the practice of magic and the arts of divination. Mr. Preston, in his transla tion of some of the A.l4l(zirnt of Al Hariri, says, in the introduction to his book, that the meaning of the word MAlettmAt, as used by Hairi, is thus explained by one of his commentators It primarily signifies a place where one stands upright; and hence, the place where one is at any time. Next, it is used metonytnically to denote 'the persons assembled in anyplace,' and, finally, by another transition, the discourses delivered or con versations held in any such assembly.' This metapho rical use of the word Mdkiiintie has, however, been re seeiateeLeo discourses and conversations like those nar rated bx,..tlariri and hi s predecessor, Al Hamadani, which, are composed in a highly-finished and ornamental style, and solely for the purpose of exhibiting specimens of various kinds of eloquence, and exemplifying rules of grammar, rhetoric, and poetry. Basra is situated on the river Tigris, and is comparatively a modern place ; a note in Professor Preston's book informs us that it was founded by command of the Caliph Omar, in order to interrupt the communication of the Persians, with whom he was then at war, with India, down the united streams of the Tigris and Euphrates. The river Ailah, which falls into the Tigris close to it, waters its gardens, and s t e f n u sg l b t tpy h h a ae ttr Damascus, t as ci is up sArh,a r aba e t rse c : fot d soh n rae e r d i ot o sta n he e pea rno o pdt f the t. tion, and for th e great n beingfnolua was kr e r se e t a m htr eht a he r y In them so a l e b ssp l o e ao rff adr Shiraz,di ul umber of its mosques. There was a celebrated market-place there, called Mechad, where poems and other compositions used to be recited aloud; a practice which gave rise to so much literary emulation, that the city became one of the most famous for learning in the East. Basra had a famous school of grammar, which rivalled that of Koufa; and therefore Arabian grammarians are divided into the two schools of the Koufiyans and the Basriyans. The MitkAmat of Al Hariri have been spoken of as the most classical series of compositions in Arabic literature, and, as such, a masterpiece of elegance and refinement. In the preface to his translation of Mitled,mtit, Me. Preston says, "Nor are these appellations unmerited. In elabo rate execution and ornateness of style the WaleimAt are perhaps unrivalled ; they have always been regarded in the East as models of accuracy ; and the design with which they were written was purely literary, namely, to display the vast resources of the Arabic language, to embody in a seri es o f r h y th m ical and m e t r i ca l anec dotes all the refinements of grammar, rhetoric, poetry, history, and tradition that the author's extensive learning could supply. To this design the subject-matter of the work is entirely subordinate, the character and incidents being selected, not for their intrinsic interest or value, but merely as forming a suitable occasion anti groundwork for the exhibition of recondite learning and rhetorical skill. At the same time it must be allowed that Al Ha rini has adopted a peculiarly appropriate method of exem plifying the branches of literature most cultivated and esteemed by his Arabian contemporaries. The work is no idle rhapsody, intended, like the Thousand and One Nights, to amuse the loiterers of the café or the seraglio, but the elaborate result of the literary system of a period in which not only the sciences but the useful arts of life were sacrificed by the ingenious and studious of a great nation, to a profound grammatical and rhetorical research into the structure and resources of their own most copious language." This literary system, Mr. Preston remarks, originated in the extreme importance attached by Mo hammedans to the study of the Koran, which is uni versally regarded by them as of divine origin, and ver bally inspired. The style of the Koran is so elliptical, and the dialect in which it is written,' though allowed to be the purest and the best, so totally different from the language of ordinary life, that it was found necessary, in order to effect even an approximate solution of its difficulties, to institute a close comparative study of the contemporary and preceding productions of Arabic poets, and to establish systems of grammar, rhetoric, and logic, which might be brought to bear upon the revered text. These sciences, therefore, being the offspring of religious enthusiasm, acquired so much value in the estimation of Mohammedans under the Caliphate, as to cause almost every other literary pursuit to be considered superfluous, if not culpable ; and thus the study of them became general, and the attainment of them the chief standard of excellence. They formed the topics of discussion in all literary and religious as semblies ; and those who outshone their competitors in masterly familiarity with them, combined with copious command of language, became the object of public ad miration, and of the munificence of the rich and power ful. Hence it resulted that the eloquent were prone to depend exclusively on their rhetorical powers for main tenance or aggrandisement. They became, as it were, the knight-errants of literature, wandering from city to city to contest the palm of genius and erudition with any rivals whom they might chance to meet with, and thus attracting the notice and favour of the great. The MAkiimat combine the primary excellence of being a grand collection of specimens of the literature most ad mired during a long and important period of Mahozne tanism, and the secondary one of containing a correct and interesting delineation of the character of some of its most eminent professors. Of the esteem in which the MAkAnnitt of Al Hariri have always been held by learned Moslemin, no better proof can be alleged than the numerous commentaries (second only in number to those upon the Koran) written upon it by natives of the re motest east and west, both Arabian and Persian. Those in Arabia which are most approved are two—the one by a native of Xeres, in Andalusia, the other by a native of Khouaresen, the north-eastern province of Persia. Much as every line of the MalcAmAt has been discussed, the consent of the Arabs themselves has decided that scarcely one word or phrase admits of improvement or alteration. An eminent writer has asserted that they ought never to be transcribed but in letters of gold on a tissue of silk. In one of the Mdleg.miits, that of Barknid, one of the charac ters in it is described as invoking the Divine aid, with an expression of resignation, "I am i n G o d' s hands, and shall return to Him ' —an expression of resignation to the Divine will used by the Arabs on the death of any relative, or on meeting with any serious failure or dis appointment—an expression of resignation closely cor responding with the submissive exclamation of Job on his sustaining heavy and irreparable losses. Mr. Pres ton remarks, in one of his notes, that the Arabs as a nation, partake of that singular resignation for which their countryman Job was remarkable. He says that the Bedouin Arabs hold no intercourse with foreigners, even for the purposes of trade, and that, therefore, they contract no corruption of dialect. Their vast vocabulary owes its formation to the great number and wide disper sion of their tribes, and its preservation to the numerous poems which form their literature, and which were trans memory mo tim m e e st ry f they r o p m r d g e e ( r i i e t r h a e t m i o s n e l t v o g e s en highlye ra n t o on . From r poetryo and rhetoric. Pocock, Crichton, as well as Mr. Pres ton, remark that the only studies on which they pride themselves are the philology of their own language, and the investigation of the laws of its construc tion, together with the composition of poetry and pro e. The narrow limits of their sphere of literature and observation seem to have concentrated the attention of those among them who were endowed with genius in a most intense study of the resources of their own lan guage, insomuch that they were led even to overrate its importance, and to account excellence in its grammar and rhetoric the first of all mental attainments. This feeling was fostered and confirmed by the appearance of the Koran, written in the highest and purest style, and by its metaphorical and very elliptical phraseology re quiring close study and illustration from other sources on the part of those who fully understand it. From that time many eminent grammarians among the Arabs of the large towns were wont to sojourn among the Bedouins, in order to acquire purity of style, and to establish from their usages the best rules and autho rities in grammar. Thus, the learned under the Caliphate, revering the Bedouins as the parents of their race, and the repositories of their copious and admired language, naturally imbibed their peculiar tastes and habits of thought, till they acquired that almost extra vagant estimation for verbal variety and rhetorical copiousness which led them to regard the MitkAmAt of Al Hariri as an incomparable monument of intellec tual culture. Numerous quotations from several of the Mak:limit, as rendered by Mr. Preston, were read to the meeting by Dr. Camps in the course of his paper, as illustrative of the peculiar mental and social habits and practices of th e A ra bi ans. An animated discussion followed, in which Mr. Ains worth, Mr. Sharpe, Dr. Turnbull, Mr. Wright, Dr. Holt Yates, and the author of the paper took part, after which the meeting adjourned until the month of May. DEPARTURES FOR AUSTRALIA.— The departures from the port of London for the Australian colonies during the past week show an increase. They have comprised altogether 11 vessels—five to Sydney, with an aggregate burden of 4,189 tons; four to Port Philip, with an aggregate burden of 1,920 tons ; one to Launceston, of 356 tons, and one to Hobart Town, of 199 tons. Their total capacity was 6,669 tons. The rates of freight exhibit firmness, with a tendency in some particular cases to improve. COST OF . THE WAR.—Various calculations are afloat as to our present war expenditure ; that which would seem -to be not very wide 9f the mark fixes it at be tween 30,0001. and 40,0001. per diem. ' The drain of specie, in payment of our forces, will soon become pal- Table, which will be - materially increased if the Turkish Government is unable to find the large body of troops which will occupy the Ottoman territory in supplies.-- Sunday Times. INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS. After the reading of the minutes of last meeting, it was observed that, the statements in: the paper on Ruthven's propeller had been misunderstood ; as it bad been assumed, that the paper stated the useful effect realised, as 64 per cent. of the whole power of the engine at the pistons ; whereas it was really stated to be 50 per cent., and that the useful effect was 64 per cent. of the power delivered to the wheel-shaft; which *cad - materially affect the deductions then made. Tleateane most important element in the calculation was lost sight of, namely, the duplicate pressure of re action due to the efflux of water through the side of a vessel at rest ; the whole unbalanced hydraulic pressure being twice the hydrostatic pressure due to the height of the column of water. It was contended, that this du plicate pressure must exist to some extent, so long as the effluent velocity of the water exceeded the re ceding velocity of the vessel ; and that it diminished in some ratio with the receding speed of the vessel, and vanished only, when the vessel had acquired the effluent velocity of the water,—when the simple pressure due to the head of water remained. Therefore, that some allowance must be made for this duplicate pressure, and that assuming it to decrease uniformly with the difference of speeds, the power would be thus estimated when the speed of the vessel was 62 per cent. of that of the effluent water, leaving 38 per cent. of excess :- 1 x 100 =lOO per cent., when the speed of the vessel was equal to that of the effluent water ; 1 . 38 x 62=85.56 per cent., when the speed of the vessel was 62 per cent. of that of the effluent water ; Leaving 14.44 per cent. of loss, by excess of speed, as originally deduced in the paper. The subject was investigated in three different ways, each giving the same result. It was stated, that in 1848 Mr. Purkis, being engaged in the construction of a fan-blower, thought the same principle might be adapted to the propulsion of a boat, and tried it in a model, about 4 feet longand 8 inches wide, with a small steam engine and two fans, each 2 inches in diameter; with this he attained a speed of 3 to 4 miles per hour. He then built another boat 25 feet long, and 4 feet wide, fitted with an engine, with two cylinders 4 inches diameter and 4a inches stroke, driving two fans 12 inches diameter of the same form as the fans of Appold's pump ; the water issuing from two orifices, each of 25 square inches. With this apparatus, the boat could only hold her way against a tide of about 3 miles an hour. On the substitution of two fans of 7 in. diameter and the reduction of the propelling orifices to 7.75 square each, the boat attained an estimated speed of nearly 8 m il es an h our. I t was admitted that these experiments were imperfect, but they tended to corroborate the statements of the performances of Ruth ven's propeller. The arrangement of Purkis' boat differed from, Ruth ven's, chiefly in there being three holes on each side of the vessel , one to propel her ahead, one astern, and one midship to supply the pump —each being supplied with a valve to close the orifices not in action, and to act in stead of the curved nozzles of the "Enterprise," which were supposed to be objectional in absorbing power. The first paper read was "On the Prevention of Smoke in Engine and other Furnaces," by Mr. James Simpson, Jun. The annoyance, of smoke incidental to the increase of habitations and to the extension of manufactures, in all cities and large towns, had been noticed reprehensively even as early as the_ time of Charles the Second, in whose reign it was proposed to legislate on the subject, and in 1697 Dr. Pepin devised a scheme for forcigg air down a pipe immediately above the incandescent fuel, to induce more perfect combustion. The attention of parliamentary committees was de voted to the subject in the sessions of 1819 and 20, and again in 1843, when a very complete history of the sub ject was given in the report, with a clear recapitulation of the scientific evidence, recommending a freer admis sion of air to the furnaces as the " great if not the only principle, fen- preventing smoke." In 1845, two other committees reported " that opaque smoke issuing from steam-engine c'nimnies might be so abated, as no longer to be a public nuisance , and in 1853, the " Smoke Nuisance Abatenieut Act" was passed, and was ordered to come into force in August, 1854. This act rendered it compulsory on owners of engines arid furnaces to pro vide means for preventing the emission of opaque smoke, and it applied, also, to steam.vessels navigating the Thames above London-bridge. An enumeration was then given, of the local acts into which clauses had been introduced for abating the nuisance of smoke; whence it appeared that there had been an anxious desire to find means of attaining so de sirable an end, and the double furnace fired alternately, now so extensively used at Manchester, was alluded to. The chemistry of combustion was then examined, in order to show, that to imperfect combustion alone must be attributed the annoyance, as well as 'the serious pecu niary loss, no .v experienced, in the emission of opaque smoke from furnaces generally. It was shown, that a good furnace should prevent the formation of smoke, by burning all the carbon of the gas evolved ; or in other words, by combining at a certain temperature, each atom of carbon in the gas, with two atoms of oxygen before it left the furnace ; which combination was the best for giving out heat, and for evaporating fluids with the least expenditure of fuel. . . The various mythode of introducing atmospheric air to the furnaces, and of diffusing it among the gases, were then examined, showing that the admission should be through numerous apertures, so arranged as to permit accurate regulation, as a greater quantity was required after the period of adding fresh fuel, than when the fire was burning brightly and freely. The various mechanical means and apparatus proposed for this object were reviewed, and it appeared that in many of them the combustion was to a certain extent im perfect, and the machines were liable to derangement ; that the alleged saving of fuel depended chiefly on the manner of stoking, and that it might be attained by a judicious modification of the grate of any well set boiler, and by a greater amount of attention on the part of the fireman, without any mechanical appliances. The regulation of the air supply by machinery bad been found to fail, in many instances, on account of the variation in the qualities of the fuel, and it was con tended that it was more advisable to entrust it to the discretion of the fireman, than to rely up on se lf- ac ti ng apparatus, which might, however, be advantageously used for indicating the state of the furnace. The employment of anthracite and'Welsh steam coal was advoted, not only on account of the absence of opaque smoke, during their combustion, but also on the ground of the economy arising from their great evapora tive power. The second paper was "On the Management of Fur naces, and the Prevention of Smoke," by Mr. C. Wye Williams Assoc. rnst. C.E. The object of this communication was to endeavour to remove the mystery which had hitherto obscured, what was asserted to be one of the simplest, and best under stood processes of nature, namely, the combustion of the gaseous products of cpal. A short analysis of the chemical details connected with the subject was given, to show that the existence of flame did not imply the combustion of gas. That it was but the preliminary State of high temperature of the numerous atoms of the carbon of the gas, which was caused by the intense heat, produced by , the combustion o f th e ot h er const ituent--the hydroge n .' In effecting the combustion of the gas generated from the coal in a furnace, the first process was merely mecha nical, and consisted in bringing the atoms of the gas and those of the air into the most intimate st de of mixture; such mixture being the "sine qua non" o f su bs equen t chemical union. The mode or means by which this chemical admixture could be effected, in the most rapid, and intimate manner, involved all that art or human in genuity could do, towards producing pe r f ec t com b ust i on , As to the mode of effecting this mixture, or of bring ing together the atoms of air and gas, reference was made to the Argand gas burner, as supplying a good illustration ; the only difference being, that in the Argand burner, the gas was projected among the air in numerous small jets, or films ; whereas, in the furnace, the process was reversed, the air being brought to the gas in a simi lar manner, by means of numerous orifices. In both cases the effect was identical, and might be compared to the rose of a watering pot, or of an artifi cial " jet d'eau ;"—namely, the producing, on the in stant, the largest area of surface for mutual and atomic contact. Models and drawings were exhibited, show ing, the facility and simplicity with which both in land and marine furnaces, hundreds of small orifices were introduced, so as to effect the most intimate mingling of the air, with the gaseous products of com bustion. It was stated, as the result of considerable experience, that it was a matter of perfect indifference, in what part of a furnace, or flue, the air was introduced, provided, this all-important condition was attended to, and satis fied, namely, the effecting the mixture of the air and the gas, before the temperature of the latter was reduced below that of accension, or kindlieg. This, according to Sir Humphrey Davy, should not be under 800 deg., Faht., as ignition could not take place at a lower tem perature—that fact being the principle of safety in the miner's lamp. Previously to the introduction of the tubular in place of the flue system in Marine boilers, it had been supposed that the introductions of the air, on the Argerd principle, by a perforated plat e ib e hi nd the bridge, satisfied all that nature required in producing perfect combustion. The tubular form of boiler, however, rendered a different arrangement absolutely necessary. This was occa sioned by the run, or distance between the bridge and the fillies, being so very short, and, consequently, the passing along that distance being so limited in time that the mixing and combustion could not be ade quately effected. This, after numerous trials and ex pedients, led to placi ng th e orifices of admission in the front, or at the 'd or - way end o f the furnace. The sys tem adopted by boiler makers, of contracting the door ways of marine boilers, much impeded a successful application of the Argand principle. The enlarging the door-way opening, as shown in the models, however, afforded sufficient space for the required number of 2 or i-inch orifices) By this arrangement, the length of the furnace from the door to the bridge was thus, as it'were, added to the length of the run. By this mode of con struction, the Argand principle had been applied with great success to marine boilers. The next point considered was, as to the quantity, or gross volume of air required, and the area or aperture necessary for its introduction. On this head it was stated, that a great practical error had been frequently committed, as it had been stated, that it would suffice, if the aperture should be equal to lA square inch for each square foot of fire surface in the furnace, in the case of single furn aces ; and of but half a square inch, or '5 -inch for each square foot of grate-bar surface in the case of double furnaced boilers. These proportions were now asserted to be wholly in sufficient, and in fact Were not sufficient to allow of one fourth the quantity of air to pass, In practice, it had been ascertained that for bituminous coal, from 4 to 6 squ'are inches were required for each square foot of fur nace ; and for anthracite from 2to 4 square inches , ACi cording to the quality of the coals, and the amount of draught. The models and drawings exhibited were stated to be conformable to those proportions. 'With reference to the supposed necessity\ for skilful firemen, the paper stated that the only duty that shonid be required from the firemen was the keeping the bars fully and uniformly covered.; for, if the back end or the sides of a furnace were left uncovered, the air would pass through them instead of passing through the air distri butors, as that passage offered the hottest and shortest route to the chimney. In fact, it was stated that unless the bars were well and equally covered, it was impossible to regulate or to control the admission of the air. As to the use of self-acting valves, to regulate the admission of the air, it was stated, that after nurnerou-, plans had been tried, during the last ten years all had been discarded in practice, being found to be worse than useless. The generation of the gas, and the admis sion of the air through the uncover ed portion of the bars, created such irregularity as to defeat all efforts at at uniformity, and it was impossitile, by an y se lf- ac t ing valves, to obviate th e e ff ec t s of such irregularity. It was observed, that the Pyrometer, a model of which was exhibited in action, proved the inapplicability of such valves, and furnished the only reliable test, as to the quantity of heat produced, and properly applied in the generation of steam. It was also observed, that the colour of the products of the furnace, at the chimn e y -t op , was but a -ource of error,—the sight-holes and pyrome ter supplying all that was necessary, and by which the firemen could alone, safely and practically, regulate the admission of air. It was announced, that the discussion "On the Pre vention of Smoke in Furnaces," and "On the Manage ment of Engine and other Furnaces, with a view to obviate the Waste of Fuel and the Nuisance of Smoke" would be continued at the meeting of Tuesday, April 11. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. MATCH. A.F. 300, h ft. Mr J. M. Stanley's Orinoco, Bst 71b, received forfeit prom Lord Glasgow's Barbatus, Bst 41b. MORNING BETTING. CHESTER OUP. 14 to 1 agst Newminster (taken to 500. THE DERBY. 13 to 2 agst Dervish (to 1001). AFTERNOON BETTING. NEWMARKET HANDICAP. sto 2 agst Defiance (taken). 6to 1 bar one (offered). Virago was scratched at 4h, 2 min. p.m. GREAT NORTHERN HANDICAP. 100 to 6 agst Aquila (taken). CHESTER CUP. 12 to 1 aget Baalbec. 15 to 1 aget Newininster (taken). THE DERBY. ' 9 to 2 agst Autocrat. 6to 1 agst Dervish. 1,000 to 15 asst The Trapper (2,000 to 20 also laid). 1,000 to 10 agst Bessus (offered). Thanks to the introduction of some new features of attraction this meeting opened well, and is likely to ex cel the best of its Craven predece.sors of late years. The attendance of company was fully of an average strength, and some of the contosts, though prospectively unim portant, created a lively interest. The sun shone forth with great power, but had little attempering effect on a keen and searching " nor' easter." HORSES STRUCK OUT. NEWMARKET HANDICAP.— Caracara, Caliph, Pauline, Prime Minister, Nabob, King of Trumps, Ethelhert, Indian Warrior, Dove, Mr. Sykes, Khadidjah, Tonic, Ticton, Stamford, Bracken, Toggery, Swiftsure, Selina, Brigadier. Lincoln's-inn, Trifle. CRAVEN HANDICAP. —Prime Minister and Eva. TWENTY•FIRBT RIDDL ESWORTH.—CardinaI, Lapithre, Caliban, and Little Pet. NEWMARKET RACES—THIS DAY. ENTRIES for the PLATE of 50/., for two-yr-olds. First of Ab. M. c. by Beverlao, out of Mar- I Brother to Shuriting. garet. Sister to Singapore. Duke of Hamilton. Bessie. Eironeia. ENTRIES for the SUBSCRIPTION PLATE of 501., for three. yr-olds Rackapelt,' yrs Sine qua Non, 3 y rs 4 and upwards. T.Y. O. % Lioness, 3 yrs Oxus, 3 yrs I ENTRIES for the SWERPSTAKES of 10 sous each, for three. yr-olds and upwards. The winner to be sold for 80 sovs, if demanded, &c. First half of Ab. M. Tamerlane, 4 yrs 1 Carlotta Grisl. , 3 yrs Handsome Buok, 3 yrs 1 Jessamine, 3 yrs Jenny Wren, 3 yrs I Switch, 3 y rs Prevarication, 3 yrs Marie filly, 3 yrs Six races are fixed fo r thi s day the first race at 1.30, the Handicap at 3.15. , Defiance arrived on Sunday night. The Reiver has arrived. MANCHESTER A.IITIJIVIN MEETING. SALFORD BOROUGH CUP.— Candievvick and •St. Clair are struck out for this event. 1 [ADVERTISEDIENT.]—EfoIIoway's Pill-S—for Invigorating the Weak, and St rengthening th e D e bi litated. --Th e " wonderful and efficacious pills are the only medicine adapted to invigorate weakened 'constitutions, persons of low and nervous habits, or those w h o are su ff e ring from bad di gest i ve organs, or, those whose health has become deranged by bilious affections, disordered stomach, or liver complaints Those affected with coughs, colds, 4 stina, or shortness of breath, should have recourse to these invaluable pills, as their mighty powers will be found a certain and efficacious remedy for all these com plaints, impartin g , at,tha same time, strungth,'new life', vigour, and bucyancy of spirits to the afflicted, and may be taken with perfect safety at any period of life.—Sold by all druggists ; and at Profeesor ifolloway's establish -41,4t; 244, Strand, London, NEWMARKET CRAVEN MEETING. MONDAY, The CRAVEN STAKES of 10 sovs each, with 50 added, for three-yr-olds, Est 61b ; four, Bst .41b ; five, Bst 131 b ; six and aged, 9st 51b. The winner to be Aid for 6001. if demanded, &c. A.F. 5 subs. Mr. 3. Adkins's Calamus, 3 yrs, Est 61b ...(Corderey) 1 Captain D. Lane's Alas, 3 yrs, Est 61b ...... ..(Wells) 2 Mr. Wigram's Legatee, 3 yrs, Est 61b ...(S. Steggles) 3 Duke of Bedford's Diomedia, 4 yrs, Bst 41b ...(Pettit) 4 Lord W. Powlett's Sharavogue, 5 yrs, Bst 131b(Rogers) 5 Betting-2 to 1 agst Alas, sto 2 agst Sharavogue, and 3to 1 agst Calamus. Won very , cleverly by a length and a half., Two lengths between the second and third. The winner was claimed for Mr. J. M. Stanley. HANDICAP SWEEPSTAKES of 25 sovs each, 10 ft, for four-yr-olds, and wpwards. T.Y.C. 3 subs. The following were handicapped at 6st 121 b each, bu as Mr. Mare's Ariosto, 6 yrs, Bst 121 b, was struck out before ten o'clock, their weights were raised to Bst 71b Mr. Armstrong's Sabra, 5 yrs Bst 71b (Sly) 1 Lord Glasgow's Coalition, 4 yrs, Bst 71b ...(Fl a t man ) 2 Betting-2'A° lon Coalition. Sabra made the run ning ; a good race up the cords ended in her favour by half a length. SWEEPSTAKES of 50 sovs each, h ft, for three-yr-olds ; fillies, Bst 71b; those by stallions or out of mares that never bred a winner allowed 41b ; only one allowance. D.M. 8 subs. Mr. Lister's Lady Elegant, (41b), Bst 31b ...(Kendall) 1 Mr. Combe's 4.propos, sister to Alamode, (41b), Bst 31b rouc) 2 Lord Exet e r' s M argaretta (41b), Bst 31b. .....(F0 (C rman h ) 3 Lord Glasgow's f by Melbourne, out of his Actaeon mare (41b), st 31b. (Flatman) 4 Betting-2 to 1 agst Margaretta, sto 2 agst Lady Elegant, 3 to 1 agst Apropos. Won cleverly by a length. Bad third. The other beaten elf. SWEEPSTAKES of 100 Boys, each, h ft, for three-yr olds ; colts, Bst 71b; those by stallions or out of mares that never bred a winner, allowed 41b ; only one allow ance. D.M. 6 subs. Duke of Bedford's Student, Bst 71b (Rogers) 1 Lord Exeter's Caliban (41h), B st 31b (Norman) 2 Mr. G. Mather's c by Van Tromp, out of R ee l.(4lb) . Bst 316 (W. sharpe) 3 Betting-2 to lon Student. Caliban and Reel colt ran side by side to the cords, where the l a t ter d ropped of; Student then joined Caliban, and, after a smart race in, won cleverly by thr ee - quar t ers o f a l ength. Very bad: third. Renewal of the SWEEPSTAKES of 50 sovs. each, for three yr-old ; colts, Bst 71b ; and fillies, B.t 416, not engaged in the Riddlesvorth, 2,000 gs, or the 1,000 gs Stakes. D.M. 4 subs. Duke of Bedford's Weathercock, Bst 71b (Rogers) 1 Mr. Turner's Census, Bst 71b (E. Suarp) 2 Sir R. Pigot's Folly-o'-the-Day, Bst 41b.. (Flatman) 3 Betting-7 to 2on Weathercock. Won by a length. About the same distance between the second and third. MATCH-Bst 71b each. T.M.M. 500, h ft. Duke of Bedford's Sittingbourne ...(Rogers) 1 Lord Clifden's Pelion (Flatman) 2 Betting-9 to 4on Sittineourne. Sittingbourne made all the running, and won by 20 lengths ; Pelion pulled up lame. NIATcm--Bst 21b each. A.F. 200, h ft. Mr. Greville's Invasion (Flatman) 1 Lord Glasgow's Caracara (Aldcroft) 2 Betting-1 to lon Invasion. Caracara made the running to within a short distance of the bushes, where Invasion took it up, and, carrying it' on, won easily by a length. MATM. A.F. 200, h ft. Lord Glasgow's Doublethong, 4 yrs, Bst 41b (Flatman) 1 Lord Cliklen's Poodle, 5 yrs, Bst 91b (A.. Day) 2 Betting -2 to lon Poodle. Poodle made the run ning to the cords, where Doublethong went up and ob tained the lead, which he maintained to the end, winning easily by three lengths. HANDICAP PLATE of 501., for three-yr-olds and upwards. Clermont Course. The highest weight left in at ten o'clock the evening before running being 7st 71b, it was raised to Bst 71b, and the others not drawn in proportion. Mr. Tomlinson's f by Sesostris, out of Anvil's dam, 3 yrs, 6st 10lb (Palmer) 1 Mr. Anderson's f by John o'Gaunt, out of Blanchie, 3 yrs, Est 71b ................................... (Wells) 2 Mr. A. J. Le Cras's Apostate, 5 yrs, Bst 31b (Flatman) 3 Mr. Rogers's Pancake, 5 yrs, Bst 71b • (Rogers) 4 ' Mr. Richard Cooper's Gruel, 3 yrs, 7st 71b (Hughes) 5 Betting-6 to 4 agst Blanchie filly, 4to 1 each agst Pancake, Sesostris filly, and Apostate. Blanchie filly made the running to the turn of the lands, where it was taken up by Sesostris filly, who carried it on to the end, and won very easily by a length. Half a length between the second and third. Gruel was nearly a quarter of a mile behind. SHIPPING INTELtIGENCIL CUSTOM-HOUSE, APRIL IT. ENTERED INWARDS. —The William Frederick, from Monhuisen ; Judy, Hamburgh ; James Armstrong, Shang' hai ; Harmonie, Seville ; India, Manilla ; Gesina, Ham burgh Maria, do. ; Gaspian, do. ; Jonge Jans, Bremen ; British Hero, Antwerp; Alice Thompson, Madras an 4 wa Cucldaloiel re ; Almuth, Hamburgh ; Fr e d er i c k a, F o dd er - Unity, Antwerp; Anna Maria, Norden; Alphardo, Oroning,e,n ; Robert Barton, Calcutta ; Herr. lichkeit GOdens, Rustringerseil ; Minerva, Ni eus t a d go d e n ; Hatmonie, St ra l sund ; Ravensbourne, Antwerp; Diana, Sudwesthorn ; Ocean°, Norderschlense; Elizabeth, Sod" westhorn ; Othello, Nordersclaleus.; Ellenbor oug b, Syd ney; Kundo, Nile; Fritniof, Kjoge ; Antze, Bremen; Herniann, Emden; I. 0., Mauritius; Maria, Constan" tinople ; Diamond, Bruges ; Amdo, Leer ; Jonge Her mann, Fredericdest ; Anna, Bremen ; Eliza, Haw burgh; Immanuel, Carolinenseil ; Annette, Emden • Helene, Karsoe ; Diana, Nem harlingerseil ; Wieder Kunft, Ho' merminerseil ; Vrou Johanna, Bremen ; Norma, Seville ; Oxel and Walford, Skien ; Gute Hoffin,z, Jarmen, ICs gesene. and Cecilia,, Floyen ; Jerines Clothilde, Santander; Ann, Rouen; DAnnenborg, Aalborg; Anna Henrietta, Hamburgh ; Drie Gebroders, Steinhauserseil ; Emanuel, Rustringerseil ; Therese, Bungseil ; Ambrosia, Frederick' *twit ; Wilhel m i na , Carolinen se il ; Tina, Hooueil • Wil" helmina, Rusterseil ; Warner, Le er ; Carolinda Cher bourg ; Surpris e , St. Michael's; Hoffnung, Oltendorf; Raketon, Gothenburg. ENTERED OUTWARDS FOR LOADING. —The Mercury, for Rotterdam; Florencia, Bilboa ; William Fromm, Ade laide ; Zwantina, Hain burgh ; St. George, Valparaiso and Lima ; Mona, Ceylon and Cannanore. CLEARED OUTWARDS WITH CARGO.—The Historia, for Adelaide and Port Philip • J. J. C o lt, M e lb ourne an d Sydney; M ars h a l Bennett, beelong ; Mercury, Ascension; Demerara, Demerara. LIVERPOOL, April 16. -The William Patten, arrived here from New Orleans, passed, 14th March, in lat. 34 N., long. 67 W., several bales of cotton and some boxes. SCILLY, April 14.—The Vereinig, from St. Übe3 for Vlaardingen, with salt, was assisted in here last night, with loss of stanchions, bulwarks, and coverin g b oar d sp lit, and makin g wa t er, h aving been in collision yesterday with No. 14 Transport, from London to Malta, when the crew of the former got on board of the latter, and subsequently returned to their own vessel ; the Transport lost jib boom. VESSELS SPOKEN 'WITH. The Coronet (sch.) from' Liverpool to Porto Rico, April 3, lat. 47 N, long. 13 W. The Oregon (brig), for New York, April 6, lat. 49 N, long. 12 W. The Delia Maria, from Liverpool to Charlestown, March 7, lat. 49 N, long. 20 W. The Robert Hooper, from Liverpool to New York, Feb. 26, lat. 4 N, long. 64 W. The Avalanche, from New Orleans to Liverpool, lit. 26 N, long. 85 W. The Columbian, from Liverpool to New York, Mirch 20, lat. 34 N, long. 74 W. The John Gardiner, from Boston to Bombay., Feb. 10, lat. 23 S, long. 25 W. ' The Nathan Hannan, outward bound, March 25, lat. 3 8 N, long. 32 W. The Louisiana (American ship), from Baltimore to Lon don, April 10,1 st. 49 N, long. 7 W. The Othello (Swedish sch.), from London to Rio Janeiro March 4, lat. 1 N, long. 23 W. The George Lord, bound to Plymouth, lat. 50 N, long. 9 W. The Barbara (ship), from London to St. John's, April 8, lat. 49 N, long. 11 W. April 17.—The Caroline Louisa, of Bideford, bound to Genoa, with loss of main-mass, fore-topmast, Etc., and one man overboard, was spoken with two miles off Cape Spar tel, by the Island Queen, arrived at Gibraltar. Extract of a despatch from her Majesty's Vi.ceConsul at Galatz, dated March 27, 1854 : " There has been an embargo on all vessels since Mon day last, but as no communications are made to Consulates or any public notice given, it is 'difficult to ascertain whether the hindrance comes from the high authorities, or merely from subalterns. (Signed) " CHARLES CIINYINGUAU." COUNTRY MARKETS. CHELNISFORD—APRIL 15. Prices to-day were as follow :—Wheat, white, old 69= to to 84s 0.1, new 6ils to 81s ; red, old 57s to 80s, new 59s to 80s ; barley, 27s to 356; chevalier, 33s to 38s ; grindin.., 21s to 30s ; malt, 61s to 65s ; chevalier, C4s to 68s ; oats, 24s to 31 s ; peas, partridge, 39s to 44s ; white, 47s to 49i; boiling 51s to 6 s ; dun, new, 39s to 41s ; beans, tick, 38s to 40s ; Harrow ticks, 36s to 42s ; Mazagan, 36s to 395. COLCHESTER —APRIL 15. Prima to-day were as follow : — Wheat, white; 76a to 883; red, 72s to 80s ; barley, 34s to 38s ; oats, 28s to 333 beans, Mazagan, 36s to 38s ; middle and small, 38a to 46s ; peas, , white, 56s to 60s ; grey, 38s to 421. Official Statement of the Quantities of Corn, &c., received in the port of London, from the following ports, from the 10th to the 15th April, both inclusive. ( . =I a Colchester Harwi ch 570 Maidon Leigh 540 125 , — 191 14 1 417 65, 180 -- 278 47 670 ' KIRKCALDY —APRIL 15. Here, to-day, we had extremely limited suppli of all es kinds of g ra i n. B arley sold very slowly at Is to Os qr. reduction ; whe a t an d oats sold slowly also, but could not be purchased cheaper. Wheat. 1 Barley. Oats. 1 Beans. I First . . .......... 84s Od I 44s 6d 35s Od. i Os Od Second ......... 78s Od 1 40s Gd 341 Od 1 Os Od Third ........... 62s Od 1 1174 Od 30s Od 1 Os Od Oatmeal, per bag of 2801bs imperial, 48s Od to 003 Od. CQAL Prices of Coal per ton at t' ET.—Aram 17. the close of the market : s. d. Bate's West Hartley. 18 .0 Buddle W. Hartley l9 0 H01ywe11..... , . lB 6 North Percy Hartley . 18 0 1 Tanfield Moor . l7 0 1 Tanfield Moor Bntes l7 0 Tyne Main... l7 r t Wylam 17 6, Wallsend; &c. )113 elmont s. 17 ummer Haswell - l 9B 1 IPI I Stewart's 18 19 Hartlepool tHeugh Hall • lB , Kelloe South Hartlepool ..... —lB South Kelloe lB IWhitworth . . 17• 'sllsend, &c. Edeu. ............ ..... .18 0 8e11 .......................... 17 3, --- RAILWAY SHARE MARKETS. LIVERPOOL, APRIL 17. STOOK EXCEIANGR.—The market has been dull all day, closing at at the lowest rates. Caledonian, 26g ; Lanca shire and Yorkshire, 60g 4 ; London and INTOrth Western, 9 5i; Midland, 581. LEEDS, APRIL 17. ,t STOCK EXCHANGE.—There has b ee fi an inanimate mar ket on 'Change this morning, though the boria'fide-trans actions made have been at an improvement on Saturday's prices. Very little doing on speculation. Lancashire and Yorkshires, 602 ; Midland, 58/. MANCHESTER, APRIL 17. STOCK EXOBANGE.—The market was rather easier, but very dull. Dover, 17 7 16; Leeds, 601, BIRAIINGFIAM, APRIL 17. STOCK BiceßaNGE.—There was no material alteration in the state of the share market to-day. ,Prioes closed retty' much as th e y opened, with little business doing. The fol lowing were the quotations : Ldon and orth Western Stock, buyers 95:; Manchester on Sheffield N , and Lincoln shire St oc k, 19; 20 ; Midland Stock, 57i 84 ; Shrewsbury a 2 nd Birmingham Stock, 51 53 ; and South Staffordshire, dis. rIDvEIiTiSEMENT.)—A most interestin: recovery frOn2 avast COM. p 'call° of , Isesses, without the aid of medicine, is rec , rded in ttle fo!lowicg letter : " Bridgehouse, Frimley, 3 dril, 1854. "Grateful for the benefit I have &rived from Du Barrys Bev*. quit Irly a..ielgned thanks fur the invariable kin 'less I have met with at yog. hands. My rase i - an extra rdinary o or, ant 4,8 It may benefit at er suf ferers I think it. but right to place its details ht your die posal. 1 have suffered these 33 years continually In di seased itu _ , itws <pitting in the ears consoi pat , of / b io lo n t,d i , te i b iT i e tt r i d , esrhaongrtnenersuotst, bdreeaal:tieissa,ns,iitigeionago, period taken so mooch ni chcine that I can lately ii , ,y , I rave taro out and dririn, that upwards of a too ats,on I pounds at the chemis, 'a and doctor's. i have actually worntwo medical men Curing my ailments WI .hout find tug am Improvement lu my health• Indeed I was in utter despair and never expected to get ov r it, when I was fortunate enough to become acquainted with Your Revalenta Arabica, which. Heaven be praised, I , 4tored die t, a slate of health which l long since despaired sauces.— I am, respectfuL3, 22s*: super re of attennhig. ►i lungs, liver, stoma 'll, head, and ears are all right, my hearing perfect, and my recovery is a marvel to all my acgualn tions-1 lb., 23 9d ; 21°•+ ,i s Ga "J ; a s mE lb s ., R l o i a s k ; ar t s 2 , lb rod ble chant." In canisters, suitably packed for all climates, a od with frill instruc- Piccadilly; also at 63, fined, 5 lb., 225; lO lb , 335. The Et lb and 12 lb. carriage rree, on Gracechurch-street ; 49, receipt or Post-oflice order. Barry, Du harry, and Co., ?7, Regent street, London; Fortnum, Mason, and Co:, purveyors to her Majesty Elshopsgate street; 4, Cheapside ; 330 Oxford-street; 60, and 451, Strand. ....—___ BIRTHS. OF A SON. On the 14th i ns t., a t Crowfree-hill, Louth, the wife of the Rev. S amue l L o d ge . wif O e n o t f h w e l i s u t i h am ins p t o ., u a ti t fe D z e , n E b s e g ig . h, liaslem ere, Surrey, the OF A DAUGHTER. hant'agaltd. m - hill, the w if e o f William On the 15th inst. Mrs. Hepworth Dixon, Essex-villa, Qu o e n en t ' h s e ro l asdthstj., , S i n Beard, Esq. MARRIED. On the 10th December last, at St. James's Church, Syd• ne y, Mr . Wi l co a H uc ur ti ford, Ito of th e f i rm of Toppin, Hurford, oneers, Bucklersbury, London, to Mary Ann Atkinson, widow of the late Mr. Robert Atkin son, St. Mary-at-hill, London, wine merchant. DIED. On the 7th inst., at Mallow, John Doughty Windham, Esq., late Captain in her Majesty's Ist or Royal Regiment of Foot, and younest son of the late Admiral Windham, aged 36. G eor O ge n the 14th inst., at 7, P r i ncess -terrace, Regent's-park, wife only 16 days. Dyer, Esq., of th e Bank of England, surviving his On the 14th inst., at Grove-hill-house, Camberwell, Emma, eldest daughter of the late Th,,mas Key, Esq., aged 29.. On the 14th inst., at New London-road, Chelmsford, George Brown, Esq., formerly of the War-office, aged 77. L iNDON: Printed and Published by 11117.11,130 YOUNG, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sun Office, , o. 112 Strand, in the Precinct of the . Savoy, ii the vaulty a Aticidlwas Tuelday, AprillB, lid. CI at th, Te Th lion f BKtt treat ageni tract Ulan EN ands Mast that isa-r Posit Al par ar lignt dere +1 tutl 4ext, Will p Lots ( Dalay Cut I Per kir 110 ettt and I lust,, sons i into 1 ns.n Sxt Pardo Men Pecti Occat tom' lia;, raosl tuen Al hiee thou, BPec tines Dub? Bpec of t faai Libe Prin ray • the mat ng thoi 800