The Sun. — London, England, 1864-06-16 00:00:00

--,..........., .. AII.KI3TR( ): :TWORTH, The competition between the 12-pounder field guns of these ril-val artillerists is fast approaching a conclusion. Thus greater part of the programme has been gone thro'agh, and the Special Committee feel their labours sufficiently advanced to commence practice with the 70-pounders. It would have saved much time and trouble if these latter had been taken first, for, as we have often stated, the principle of rifling and manufacture which suffices for a large gun will, as a matter of certainty, be enough for a small one; but what insures accu racy and endurance in a 12 pounder may by no means answer in a 70 or even a 40 pounder. Thus, then, now that the trials of the field guns are draw ing to a close, and some result may be expected from the competition—though not a very marked or decided result in guns which have kept so close throughout —the dictum of the committee, what ever it may be on the light guns, will still want the final confirmation which only the trials of the heavy guns can dive. Neither Sir William or Mr, Whitworth would derive the slightest benefit from being declared the undisputed victor in this field gun contest, if they failed to maintain the same supremacy when their principles were developed by application to large ordnance: It is a large shell-carrying, armour-plate piercing, rifled gun which is now wanted, and the competitor who best supplies this deficiency will win the honours of the contest, though, commercially speaking, the de feated competitor will carry off the point. Both Sir William and Mr. Whitworth have received over tures from almost every important Government to be supplied with their ordnance. Not a single Armstrong gun has gone abroad, though the Whit worths have been freely supplied to various coun tries, who are certain now eagerly to compete for the possession of whichever of the two is second best in this trial, for, of course our own Government will keep the best for themselves. Though, as we have said, the result either way is not likely to give any very marked superiority to any gun, yet it will be sufficient to show the public which is the best, and enough is known of the artillery of other countries to make the Government feel certain that the best gun of these three is sure to be better than any we yet know of. Upwards of 2,500 rounds of shot and shell have now been fired from each of these ordnance, or rather more than three times the number of rounds which woald be sufficient to destroy the old brass smooth bore field piece. Each of the guns, of course, shows signs of wear—in fact, the wear commences with the first shot fired, and with accurate measurement may be regularly traced after every 100 rounds. The breech-loader, perhaps, shows as little signs as any. Its powder chamber at the base of the shot is en larged, and that part of the programme which in volved the bursting of a certain number of ehells in the gun as it was fired has in one or two placed serrated the edges of the rifling ; but this is all, and Sir William expresses himself confi dent that in endarance it will be equal to any. This gun, it will be recollected, shot comparatively ill at the commencement of the trials; and cer tainly so much worse than any other common breech-loader of the same pattern in the service as to make its performances quite unaccountable to the officers at Shoebury. The lead coating of the projectile was always stripped backwards, so as to form a concavity almost the size of a teacup at the base of the shot or shell; and this, of c nurse, was most detrimental to its accuracy, and was what had never been observed to take place in any other guns of almost the same kind. During the last two or three weeks, however, this peculiarity has entirely disappeared; the shooting has steadily continued to improve till the accuracy of the piece is now equal to any of the three. These strange changes, which were unaccountable at first, have lately received a very simple solution. All the service breech-loaders are made of welded wrought iron coils, and the severe proof to which they are subjected before passing Woolwich used to enlarge the powder chamber about the 500th of an inch. This competition gun, however, has been made with an inner tube of steel, which did not enlarge at once on firing; hence the nip the lead -coated pro jectile received on starting, which stripped the softer metal back like a cup, and affceted its accu racy of flight most seriously. But during the long course of rounds to which it has been subjected the steel tube has yielded gradually, us the wrought iron one would have done at once. The powder chamber is now enlarged to what may be called its proper diameter, there is no stripping back of the lead, and the accuracy of the piece, especially with shell,is as perfect as could be wished. The condition of the grooves of the shunt gun is as perfect as the day it was first fired. There are, however, traces of considerable corrosion or guttering in the powder chamber at the base of the shot, Which has roughed the interior surface of the gun at this particular part. The metal, instead of being clean and smooth, resembles morocco leather in the labyrinth of minute channels into which it is worn. This wear appeared early in the gun from the want of a wad at the base of the shot to prevent the gases passing it on the ignition of the powder. Since the use of an oakum wad the progress of this "guttering" has been re daced to a minimum, and there are no other marks app e a r i n g. Mr. Whitworth's gun has been several times revented—thatt is, the screw which contains the platinum touch-hole has been taken out and re placed by a fresh one—an advantageous operation, which was always easily and quickly done. The crack in the metal, which early appeared near the vent, has extended in length, and slightly deepened. Beyond this the gun shows no signs of use. Thus, then, all three pieces have marks of wear and tear— the two Armstrongs giving tokens of the beginning o f a gradual decay, which, as in the course of time, it slowly but surely progresses, must affect their accuracy, the Whitworth having a flaw the depth of which may be immaterial, or, on the other hand, if serious, may at once af fect the ex i stence of the gun. The competition has now gained t h at stage that the shooting for range and accura c y i s entirely over, and only the extra and somewhat fanciful experi ments of turning into ditches, to be gone through. Some important experiments aro being, and will continue to be, made as to the destru ct i ve effects of shell, Brc., to which, as they progress, ee , shall in a few d a y s h ave to refer at length. When these tests are got over both Sir William and Mr Whitworth will bo permitted to show the value of their pieces in any special or extraordinary manner they may think proper, after which they will b fired with gradually increasing charges till they burst. The tests for range and accuracy which have been completed with the field-guns have been made with gradually increasing elevations, from point-blank range, at about 300 yards, up to 10 deg. of eleva tion, or 4,000 yards. At 4,000 yards the diminished resistance of the smaller and longer shot of Mr - Whitworth enabled it to beat the Armstrong in length of range by nearly 400 yards, but as regard s accuracy, the trial has been wonderfully close, ii one may judge by the complete series of perallelo• grams which have been made oat by the ccmcnittee. 'These parallelograms, when seen on the tracings, show in inches the precise amount of superiority of every gu n at every range, so that the most superfi cial glares is enough to show any one who can un derstand figures what the gain or loss of each piece has been at each stage of the competition. But though this is vary cagy to see on a tracing, it is by no means so easy to convey to the general reader a similarly clear impression in these columns, We shall, however, endeavcur to do so, as the subject is one which ought to interest all, tor every farthing of the expense of this most co s tl y competition is defrayed by the puhdc, who will b e the ultimate gainers or losers, according as the best gu n i s chosen or not. All the guns, when com peting for range and accuracy, were carefully laid by spirit level at precisely the same elevations, and fired along a range which was marked with stakes at every ten yards. Thus the spot in which every shot fell was measured to a foot, and its hileral deviation right and left recorded with (vial tercel - au. If every gun had be en an a b solutely perfect andin fallible weapon, and bad been fired in a vacuum, each would have thrown all its shot in precisely the same spot ; but as none, of course, are e.bsce lately perfect. and as the flight o f t h e pro j ect il es ffscted by the Wind) it followed that the same gun fired at the same elevation, and with the same charge, threw its shot to the right or the left, longer or shorter, in a slight but still easily recog nisable degree. The difference between the shots which fell shortest and those which went furthest forms the length of the parallelogram, and the extreme difference between those which made the widest deviation from the true line of fire deter mines its breadth. All these parallelograms have been carefully reduced and drawn to scale side by side, so that the merits of each performance can be seen and ascertained by measurement. There have been 34 stages of the competition in all= namely, 12 with solid shot, 11 with segment shell, and 11 with common she ll , an d out o f these trials, judging by the tracings, Sir William has won 14 times, has been second 11 times, and been third nine times. Mr. Whitworth's gun has won 13 times, has been second 10 times, and has been third 11 times. The breech-loader has been first seven times, has been second 13 times, and has been third 14 times. So far we have used the terms "first, second, and third," as being the most conve• nient, but they really convey no proper idea of the relative sizes of the competing parallelograms, and we expect that the hardest task the committee has got will be to determine the figure of merit which shall properly assign the degrees in which each gun has been beaten at the different ranges. Thus in firing solid shot, which is its proper missile, Mr. Whitworth has sometimes won by making a paral lelogram only about one-tenth the size of either of Sir Wliam's; and, therefore, to call Mr. Whit- worth's first, and Sir William's second and third in such a case, would not be at all fairly to represent the amount by which Mr. Whitworth had been vic torious. On the other hand, in firing shell, which is the only missile now used in field service, and the only one which Sir William's guns were made to fire, both his weapons have won by making paralle lograms almost 50 times less than Mr. Whitworth's; and here, therefore, to call the Armstrongs first and second, and the Whitworth third, would be most unfair, looking to the manner in which in these competitions Sir William's has beaten Mr. Whit worth's gun. Again, if by another method we add up the areas made by the parallelograms of each gun, the result is almost equally unsatisfactory. In this case the areas of the parallelograms of each gun with solid shot and segment and common shell would stand as follows : BREECH -LOADER ARMSTRONG, Solid shot Sq. yds, .. 2,770 • . 2,001 .. 2,099 . Segment shell Common shell •• •• •• •• MUZZLE-LOADING ARMSTRONG. 6,870 Solid shot .. .. Segment shell .. Common shell .. Sq. yds. .. 3,02 .. 4.306 .. 1,770 Total •• •• •• •• 9,128 `YHITWOI:TII• Solid shot .. Segment shell Common shell Sq. , yds, 17900 3,910 7,683 Total .. .. 13,623 It is not too much to say that this multiplication of areas gives the most illusory result of all, for accord ing to these figures the breechloader shoots the best of any, and twice as well as the Whitworth. which is exactly the reverse of the fact. The truth is that the breech -loader shoots very steadily, never making a very large area of the space in which it drops its shots, and, except in the case of shell, never a very small one. The shunt gun is a far more accurate gun than the breechloader, and nearly all its areas are verysmall, but it has made one or two very wild shots with common shot, which bring up the area of its parallelograms, or, what volunteers will better understand, the area of its group, to a larger space than an inferior gun, the breechloader. The Whitworth has made beautiful practice with common shot, with which, as will be seen, it has made the smallest area of all; but, on the other hand, its range with common shed has been monstrously wild, making a greater area with them (7,663 yards) than all the areas of the breechloader put together. How the committee will determine what the figure of merit is it is impossible to say, but in fairness it ought to be by some method which will show the number of degrees by which Sir Wil liam has won 14 times, Mr. Whitworth 13 times, and the breechloader seven times. Without some such guide the amount of difbrence between the performances of each pike would be inappreciable, and the real lenon to be derived from these costly experiments rendered almost worthless. Naval and Military Intelligence, A War-office circular, embodying a royal war rant, laying down an important code of regulations relative to the pay and other advantages to the ten years' soldiers and others who may re-enlist on the completion of their period of limited service, has been promulgated at Chatham garrison for general information. The royal warrant cancels that dated Oct. 30, 1861, which provided that a soldier taking his discharge and re-enlisting after the expiration of 12 months should only count half his former ser vice, and that soldiers purchasing their discharge and re -enlisting should, in like manner, count only half their former sere iee ; and that men who so re enlisted should be required to wait 12 months before being allowed any good-conduct pay of which they were in receipt before being discharged. The new royal warrant prescribes that all soldiers who may re-engage themselves on the completion of the first term of their limited engagement may be allowed to receive the value of a new kit, a bounty of £2, together with re -engagement money £l, and £1 gratuity, receiving at the same time a furlough for two months. Men who take their discharge and re-engage within 12 months will be allowed to count all their former service, instead of only one-half their service as heretofore. They will at the same time at once be allowed the good conduct pay of wnich they were in receipt at the time of their discharge. The same regulations are, at the same time, to apply to men who purchase their discharge and re-enlist. The troops serving in India, China, and New Zealand are to be allowed the sum of £5, in lieu of their two months' furlough, on re-enlist ing on the expiration of their period of limited ser vice. Soldiers serving in the Mediterranean are to be allowed £3 gratuity, and, if they wish for a furlough, their passage to and from England will be defrayed by the Government, and two clear months allowed them in this country. general p ara d e o f t h e whole of the officers and men of th e Royal Engineers was held at Chatham yesterday for the purpose of hearing read a compli mentary order which had been forwarded to Colonel w . j), Harness, C. 13., by General Si r J. B urgoyne , ' C•B.' satisfactory Inspecto r • General of Royal Engineers, on manner in which th e officers and men of the Roy a l the highly Engineers had acquitted lionthemselves aotndame 0004810 U of the lat e s i ege opera - Ther i s n t d of the reinforcements proceeding this of cavalr y , artillery, and infantry, season first t embarked consistin g at Graves end yesterd a y on a e board the chartered troopship Alumb _ h for Madras. The embarkation was effected unde r the superin tendence of the officers of Major-General Eyre's staff, from Chatham, and the Alumbagh will take her departure from the Thames tomciay. A War Department orler was yesterd3y recei ved in the Royal Carriage Department at Woolwich, to commence the manufacture of an experimental wrought-iron gun carriage, for working the heavy broadside guns on board ship. Tho designs have been"supplied by the Board of Admiralty, and were furnished by Commander Scott, attached to the flagship Fisgard at Woolwich. Toe sailing transport Transit, laden with 35,800 shot and shell, guns, carriages, platforms, &a., from Corfu, has arrived at 'Woolwich, and yesterdaj commenced discharging her cargo at the Royal Arsenal pier. The frieghtelip Arabella has taken in 2,800 boxes of shot and other war stores at Woolwich, and sailed yesterday for Malta. The screw s t eam f r i gate Aurora, 35, Captain Sir F. Le opold Nl' Clintock, from Ireland, arrived in Plymouth Sound yesterday morning. The iron -cased corvette Wolverine and the Re sistance and Enterprise rams left Yarmouth Roads on Tuesday for the north. It was understood that they were going northwards as far as Leith. The Louisa gunboat, in the first division of the Sheerness Steam Reserve, has been appointed tender to the Trafalgar, 72, screw steamship, 2,700 tons, 500 horse power. Captain Charles F. Schoenberg, coastguard ship at Queen's Ferry, in the Firth of Forth, in the place of the Mistletoe, now at Sheer ness, which requires extensive repairs. The half-yearly examination of engineers and assistant engineer students belonging to the factory, was held in the dockyard on Monday, Tuesday, and yesterday, under the superintendence of the Rev, Roland Wilson, dockyard chaplain, Mr W. Rumble, inspector of machinery afloat, and Mr R. S. Crock ford, instructor of engineers and engineer students at Sheerness. Fortyafive engineer officers and 36 engineer students were present at the examination. Papers of questions prepared by the Rev. J. 'Wool ley, LL.D., one of her Majesty's inspectors of schools, were given in geography, English grammar and composition, French, arithmetic, algebra, geo metry, trigonometry, statics, dynamics, hydrosta tics, chemistry, and on the steam engine. The Lords of the Admiralty have ordered the Caledonia, 35, iron-cased UMW steamship, 4,126 tons, 1,000 horse power, Mr Henry S. Loy, master in charge, now at Sheerness, to be taken to Ply mouth to be docked and brought forward for com mission in consequence of there not being a dock large enough to take the vessel at Sheerness. The Caledonia will leave Sheerness about the Ist of July. DEN MARX, A letter from Copenhagen, dated June 11, says: —Those fidgetty English tourists, who do not know what to do with themselves at this season, can do no better than come and spend their summer months on the Oresund. There can hardly be a greater pleasure in these bright days, which begin to be deliciously warm even in Denmark, than to steam up and down the Sound by the Horatio, Ophelia, or Hamlet. Those three little steamers ply between the two coasts from Malmo to Copen hagen, and. hence to Elsinore and Helsingford, morn ing and evening. The shores on either side are somewhat tame and lowly, and will not bear com parison with the rugged sublimity of some of the great Mediterranean straits. But the scenery has a charming homeliness of its own, nevertheless. The two countries, politically sundered for so many centuries, woo each other most tenderly, and as you approach Elsinore the Danish and Swedish head lands overlap each other as if in loving embrace, end the beholder is at a loss to tell where his eye rests on a Scanian and where on a Zealandian land scape. The vegetation on either side is luxuriant beyond belief, and the magnificent timber spreads its drooping branches down to the very surface of the tideless waves. The Lake of Geneva, where it contracts itself into the narrow channel of the Rhone, has not purer waters than are to be seen in these ever-flowing currents; and nowhere is the sight of white, glittering sails more animated and enlivening than in this silent highway of the Baltic. The steamers that waft you along are clean and comfortable, the traffic is carried on with all speed and in the best order, and the company getting in and out at every station is the best looking, most interesting, and sociable you may wish to travel with. lam sure only to see the rosy cheeks and golden hair of the hundreds of well-dressed Danish girls on their way to and from the different watering-places on the Sound is a treat well repaying any trouble it may cost a Londoner to come all the way from his dingy Thames and from the coal begrimed wharfs of Gravesend-reach. Whatever cloud may rise on the political horizon of Denmark, the sky on the Oresund is, and has been for weeks, as bright as the brightest in the south. These Danes are a buoyant and sanguine race; in the worst plight they hope for the best, and while the London Conference is disposing, of them with prolonged armistice, schemes of parti tion or personal union, they seem only to think that summer and sea-bathing wait for no man. They live by the day, the twenty-hour solsticial day, and put cff the cares of the future for that gloomy winter season which may be better fitted for sackcloth and ashes. This shirt spell of genial, warm weather is the Danish carnival. It is the season in which they indulge in those quiet, rational amusements which best become their sedate nature and the thorough civilisation peculiar to them. Sea-bathing is with them the greatest luxury. The streets of Copenhagen are empty. The whole population, from the King to the humblest trader, are out for a dip. Such watering-places as the Sound everywhere affords are not to be sought in Great Britain either on the German ocean or on the Atlantic coast. The influence of the Gulf Stream is not felt within this inland channel, and the water is as deliciously ice cold as the stoutest nerves can desire, the sands under feet as soft as velvet, free from all gravel and shingle, and the diver can be seen fathoms deep in the transparent element as distinct as if he were floating in air. Bathing -houses or machines are hardly needed. Yet just look out for the loneliest nook anywhere along shore; you step from the green sward into the rippling waves ; you flounder in the water or bask in the sun on the grass with alter nate enjoyment. Your whole being becomes as am phibious as the country itself, a country truly tneer-unisehlunyen, where laud and water clasp each other in the closest embrace. Who shall number the multitude, men, women. and children, who are sure, this blessed Sunday, to plunge from the margin of the Klamsenborg strand on the skirts of the gorgeously verdant Deerpark P From which of the hundreds of tidy villas along the Sound shall not the fair inmates issue forth in their long-flowing gowns, metamorphosing for a few minutes a nymph into a byren? From Copenhagen to Elsinore every village on the coast is a watering place; every country house is a bathing-house. Yet, if the whole sound is a bathing establishment, no doubt Elsinore is its capital. There is hardly anything in the world, I believe, that will bear comparison as a Bade-Anstalt with the Marien lyst, a short half-mils beyond the Queen of the Sound, just beyond the glacis of the Kronborg. From the glacis of old Hamlat's castle there stretches along shore a wide, long meadow, smooth and green as a billiard table, so wonderfully level with the sea that you wonder by what invisible law it is held in obedience to the fiat that parted land from water at the beginning of the world. On your left, as you look up to the Cattegat, you have fine, swelling knolls, with such masses of green foliage as all the parks of old England can eearcely match —masses of foliage so rife with blossoms at this period of the year that green can scarcely be described as the prevalent hue. In the midst of that foliage is a maze of winding walks, where, it you can get an Eve to wander with you, you may fancy yourself a very Adam in Eden; and here and there in the thickest bowers you come upon snug country seats, the flowery gardens of which seem to be cultivated no less for your especial enjoyment than for that of their fortunate owners. Every gate is invitingly open : every labourer at work has a smile and a greeting God-day for you. The Daces are a people who know but little about fencing and paling, nothing about locked doors or barred windows. Their privacy needs no other protection than the discretion of the passer-by. How they manage it I know not but they seem to have no fear of tramps or pick pockets, and the noxious vermin somehow cannot flourish in the land. Ido not remember whether 1 ever mentioned it before ; but it is a fact that years a'i.;o some gentlemen from Scotland-yard were in vited to this country to organise a kind of metro- Politan police at Copenhagen, and creditably did they acquit themselves of their task; but the men who were enlisted in that service are daily sending in their resignation, a s they with, an are ashamed of a n d dis gustedemployment which in this wonder fully inoffensive community has turned out a weari eerne sinecure. Thieves, it would seem, cannot thrive in the land, and thief -takers cannot prosper with out them. I have been assured that some of the gentlemen of the London and Paris swell-mob, al lured by this Arcadian security, have been tempted to try their luck in the virgin soil of Denmark; but, somehow, the air does not agree with them, and they had to slink away, awed, iss it were, by i that guileless confidence that seemed to blunt even while it defied their cunning. Somehow, it was like trying the sharp edge of a sword on a feather bed. Knavery could make no breach cn this apparently TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES. Sir,—Do me the favour to publish in the Times the enclosed communication, which I design as a reply to numerous assaults upon me by the English Press—not excepting an occasional " rumble" from yourselves —on the subject of my destroying prizes at sea without adjudication by a Prize Court. The London Evening Star and kindred negrophilist associates have been particularly virulent and abu sive. The term "pirate" is a favourite epithet with them; but as abuse is always evidence of the weak ness of the cause in which it is employed, and as this little failing may be a sort of vocabulistic neces sity with them to enable them to pursue their polite calling, perhaps I ought not to quarrel with it. If in the course of my remarks I have found it necessary to review some of the acts of your Govern vernment, I trust you will give me cre dit f or d o i ng this in a spirit ofjustiee and fair play, and not with a disposition to be querulous or censorious. I have alleged no fact that will not be conceded, and if my reasoning upon the premises be sound, no harm can have been done to any one, since truth is never un. just. If, on the contrary, the reasoni ng b e unsoun d , you have the probe and scapel at hand. I am respectfully, &c., R. SEMMES ) Capt. Confederate States' Navy. Confederate States' Steamer Alabama, on the High Seas, April, 1864. TIIE REASONS WHY CONFEDERATE cßuisEns BURN THEIR PRIZES, AND THE REMEDY. I had the honour to command the first vessel of war (the steamer Sumter) commissioned by the Confederate States in the present war, and, having successfully run the blockade of New Orleans and got to sea, it early became necessary for me to adopt some mode of disposing of ray prizes. A blockade of the entire coast of the Confederate States had already been declared, and the enemy was busy in collecting and arming ships to enforce it ; and I presumed that in the course of a few months the blockade would be at least sufficient to keep out sail vessels, and of this class, with rare exceptions, it was probable my prizes would be. It was clear, therefore, that I should be effectually prevented from sending my prizes into the Confederate ports. Up to the time of my running the blockade (Tune 30, 1861) I had not seen her Britannic Majesty's Orders in Council pro hibiting the belligerents from bringing their prizes into British ports; and looking to the unequal oteration of such orders, I had strong hopes that none such would be issued. I made my first prizes on the coast of Cuba, and with a view to test the disposition of Spain in this matter I sent them —seven in number—into the port of Cienfuegos. Their arrival was telegraphed to the Captain-General at Havannah. The Captain-General was without instructions, the orders of neutrality of the Queen of Spain not yet having been rec.eived. The prizes were permitted to remain until these orders should arrive. The orders came, and the prizes were afterwards illegally handed over to the enemy, instead of bring warned to depart. Spain, as well as France, had followed the lead of Great Britain, and in due time all the smaller commercial nations did the same. To show the objects I had in view in sending in these prizes, I quote below an extract from my letter to the Governor of Cienfuegos : "The cargoes of several of these vessels are claimed, as appears by certificates found among the papers, as Spanish property. This fact cannot, of course, be verified, except by a judicial proceeding in the Prize Courts of the Confede rate States. But while this fact is being determined, what is to be done with the property ? I have the right to destroy the vessels, but not the cargoes, in case the latter should prove to be, as claimed, Spanish property; but how can I destroy the former and not the latter ? I cannot before sen tence unlade the cargoes and deliver them to the claimants, for I do not know that the claims will be sustained; and I cannot destroy the cargoes, for I do not know that the claims will not be sustained. Indeed, one of the motives which influenced me in seeking a Spanish port was the fact that these cargoes were claimed by Spanish subjects, whom I am desirous of putting to as little inconvenience as possible in the unlading and reception of their property after sen tence, in case it should be restored to them," It will thus be seen that I was not only anxious to condemn my prizes, but to put neutrals to as little inconvenience as possible. II any prizes had been received into neutral ports, and permitted to remain there until they could bo adjudi cated by our Prize Courts, sitting in our own territory, no possible inconvenience that I can perceive could have re sulted to neutral nations, and the rights of every one would have been secured—the right of the captor to the full benefit of his prize, and the right of the neutral claimant to adjudi cation. What inconvenience to Great Britain, for example, could pdssibly have grown out of the fact of a captured vessel lying quietly at her dock in the port of Liverpool in charge of a ship-keeper and prize agent until she could be adjudicated ; and if he should be condemned, why could she not have been sold as quietly at public auction as if she had been seized and sold under an execution for debt ? It was my intention to follow the precedent set in the Cienfuegos case—of sending all my prizes into the most convenient ports for the parties concerned ; as, Where there were English claimants, into English ports; French claimants, into French ports, &c. ; but this intention was frustrated, as has been seen, by the orders of the Queen's Government—l say the Queen's Government, because that Government gave the cue which was followed by the other nations. By these orders I was deprived at the same time the right of asylum and sale of my prizes and of the power of adjudica tion. What course was expected of me under these circum stances ? Was it expected that I would abandon the right of capture altogether, or that I would be guilty of the child's play of capturing the enemy's ships with one hand and releasing them with the other ? that, in short, I would retire from tho high seas, and leave the enemy to pursue his commerce, his " innocott and peaceable commerce," as Mr Adams plaintively and naively calls it, without molestation ? If you did not suppose this --and I will not impute such folly to a people who not only know the value of commerce to a belligerent, but who have always annihilated the com • merce of their enemies in their orn wars—you must have know that I would destroy the enemy's ships in every case where it was possible. Why then do you complain of the course I pursued ? Was it just to force that course upon me, and then exclaim aganst it in pious horror P Is this the kind of fair play upon which Englishmen pride tnernselves ? But your neutrality, you say, compelled you to this course. Let us see how that is. What is neutrality ? Impartiality. Impartiality in form or appearance merely, or impartiality in substance ? When a nation is called upon in good faith to perform that most solemn act of declaring her impartiality between two belligerents is a mere jugglery of words all that is necessary, or must she look at the practical consequences of the rule she adopts. To this query there would seem to be but one answer. The rule must not only speak in the language of justice, but it must work out the ends of justice. Otherwise it is a sham and a deceit. Let us test the orders of British neutrality by this canon. On their face nothing could be more fair. Whatever is ordained as to the one belligerent is ordained as to the other. The prizes of both belligerents are prohibited from entering British waters. But when these orders were penned what facts and what consequences were in the mind of the Minister ? Did he or did he not know that he was dealing a staggering blow at the Confederate States at the same time that he was playing directly into the hands of the Federal States ? Let us see. It will be admitted that the two belligerents had the right to use against each other all the modes of warfare recog nised by the international code, and that no nation had the right to prohibit to either of them the use of any of those modes. Privateering was one of those modes, and the cir cumstances of the two parties to the war were such that this mode of offence was peculiarly valuable to the Confederate States. The Federal States had a large commerce and a very respectable navy, they having retained possession of all the ships of war of the old service, while the Confederate States had little or no commerce, and were just beginning to improvise a navy. (And here it may not be out of place to mention a fact highly creditable to the parties concerned —every ship of war in the command of a Southern naval officer at the date of the secession of his State was duly handed over to the Federal Government before the officer resigned his commission and returned to his State). A large proportion of the wealth of the Federal States con sisted in their commerce, and if this could be destroyed an important blow would be struck in the war. The Volun teer Corps of the sea — as l eg itimate as the Volunt eer Corps of the land —was the most effective weapon with which to strike this blow, and accordingly in the first days of the war several privateers were commissioned, and others were being rapidly fitted out, when the Queen's orders appeared and knocked the whole scheme on the head. As if by magic, the privateers which had already been com missioned disappeared from the seas, and all work was sus pended on those in course of preparation, and the little Sumter, afterwards assisted by two or three other small vessels, was obliged t o un d er t a k e th e t as k of d es t roy i ng a commerce second only t o th at o f G rea t B r itai n , an d w hi ch covered every sea. The reason of the disappearance of these private armed ships is obvious. They are prepared at the cost of individuals, and depend upon their captures for success. If these cannot be made available the enterprise becomes abortive, and the capital invested in it is sunk; and they could not be made available by reason of the Queen's orders referred to denying them the right of asylum in British ports, the British Foreign Secretary well know ing that they could not be made available in the Confederate ports because of the blockade, the blockade having been proclaimed on the 16th April, 1861, and the orders in Coun cil not having been issued until the Ist of the following June. So far as results wore concerned the British Government gation. There was no occasion for Mr Seward to endeavour to sneak into this declaration after the war, in the hope that by becoming a party to it Great Britain would illogically hold that the Confederate States, now acknowledged as bel ligerents, would be bound by the act of their enemy. The British Foreign Secretary knew his business better than this. With the most commendable sagacity he took care of his logic and his friend Mr Seward at the same time, and accomplished the object of the Federal Government by his orders in Council, without permitting its Minister to humi liate himself. This was one result of the declaration of neutrality—An glive partiality—put forth by Great Britain. But the mis chief did not end here. The Confederate States being com pelled to restrict their operations upon the high seas to their ships of war, those ships were also seriously embarrassed by this declaration. Their inability to adjudicate their prizes has already been referred to. As a consequence of this ina bility they could make no beneficial use of them. Not only so, they were compelled in many instances to release them on ransom bond for the benefit of neutrals—that is to say, to give neutral claimants of cargoes an opportunity after the war, when the bonds should be sued upon, to vindicate their claims in a court of justice, which opportunity their own Governments had denied to them during the war byrendering it impossible for them to go before a Confederate price court. The release of these vessels operated strongly, too, in favour of the enemy. For it amounted to a loan to him of so much property, of which he had been rightfully deprived. with which to carry on the war—his bonds in the meantime being of no use to the captors, as it was impossible to col lect them until after the war. This double mischief, there fore, ensued in these bond cases—the enemy continued to carry on his commerce, and commerce to a belligerent is strength; while the captor's means, quoad the war, were not increased by his captures. The reader will now see why as few of these ships as possible were released on bond, the release being confined to those cases in which an apparent bona file natural claim was presented on the face of pro perly prepared papers. Nevertheless, to show the good faith with which the captor must have acted towards neu trals in this matter, every ship destroyed by him was so much property destroyed against his own interest—for the ship being destroyed, no prize money could be realised, whereas the bond would be valuable to him at the end of war. And although it was to,be presumed that every officer would, from a sense of duty, destroy as many of his prizes as possible, yet we see that at least he had no private inte rest to urge him to destroy them when there was a question of neutral rights, his leaning being, in fact, the other way. This, then, is the working of those Made orders in Council which, on the face of them, appear to be entirely unexceptionable. Stripping off the diplomatic disguise of language, which is so thin and transparent that the wonder is that it should have been resorted to at all with the hope of concealment —more unjust, oppressive, and unneutral orders could not have been devised. If the practical effect of these orders is such as I have stated, what excuse can be offered for adopting them ? Can it be said that no other course was open to the British Government under the laws of nations ? It so, that would be a sufficient excuse—for where a Government has no alternative it would certainly be unjust to hold it responsible for all the consequential damages of its acts. It might be said with truth, in reply to our com plaints, " We were obliged, under the laws of nations, re gulating and controlling our neutrality, to exclude your prizes from our ports ; and, if by reason of your inferior naval force, and the consequent blockade of your ports, the rule operates more harshly upon you than upon the enemy, that is your misfortune, not our fault." But the fact is, there is no such excuse to offer. It was, at least, equally as open to Great Britain to admit as to exclude our prizes, as I will now proceed to show. The practice of nations has been various on this point, and it rests in the discretion of each nation to admit prizes into its ports or to exclude them, as it may think fit. This seems to be the general understanding of the law on this question, although there is very respectable authority for the opinion that a nation cannot lawfully exclude the prizes of a belligerent without previous treaty stipulations to that effect.—" Loccenius de Jure Maritime," L2,c4, s 7. As a general rule, belligerent nations have not favoured the carrying of their prizes into neutral ports, and the reasons are obvious. It is much more convenient for the prize courts that they should have the actual custody of the prize to be a ljudicated. And the bringing in of prizes to the home ports gives the subjects of the captor an oppor tunity of dealing in prize property, an object of no small importance in a maritime war where many valuable captures are made. It gives the Government, too, the advantage of buying in such ships as it may wish to equip for the purposes of war, an advantage of which the Federal States have frequently availed theauelves during the present war. Hence, belligerent nations have generally required their cruisers to bring their prizes into the home ports. Still, in cases where the contrary practice was convenient, nations have freely availed themselves of it, without lot or hindrance from neutrals, unless there was a treaty in the way. . In former wars in which Groat Britain has been concerned, Leghorn and Lisbon were frequontlyiniade use of for this purpose; the prizes being condemned and sold without ever reaching the home ports at all. But taking the modern Practice to be for the neutral to admit or exclude prizes at pleasure, the presumption always is, previous to the issue by the neutral of any order oa the subject, in favour of the admission—this having been the more common practice. On this point see " Wheaton's Elements (Law rence, p. 428 ; see also 3, " Phillinuore's International Law," p. 498, sec. 363. Tho treaties between nations on this subject have been as various as the practice. In 1778 a treaty was entered into between France and the United States, whereby no ship of the enemy of either party was allowed to sell her prize, or discharge her cargo, or buy more provisions than immediately indispensable, in the ports of the other. In 1800 a similar treaty was entered into by the same parties. In 1791 a treaty of exclusion was made between England and the United States. Ia 1806 a treaty was made between the same parties, con taining similar provisions. In 1782 a treaty was entered into between the United States and Holland, then one of the principal maritime Powers, whereby the sale of prizes brought by either party into the ports of the other was legalized. In 1742 a treaty was made between Spain and Denmark authorizing the reception and sale of prizes reciprocally and so late as 1829 a treaty was ratified between Holland and the Republic of Colombia authorizing the reception of prizes into each other's ports. Now, if the treaties between Great Britain and the United States were still in existence, there is no doubt that Great Britain would be obliged under those treaties to apply the rule of exclusion to the Confederate States; but it will be remembered that a war occurred between the two contract ing parties in 1812, subsequently to the formaVon of those treaties, which abrogated them ; and the subject has not since been renewed either in the Treaty of Ghent, which put an end to that war, or in any subsequent treaty. The, ignoring of such a question, after it had once been made the subject of a treaty, places in a very strong light the in tention of the parties to remain perfectly free to exercise their discretion for the future. Great Britain, then, has no excuse for the unjust and unneutral course she has pursued, She can neither affirm that she had no alternative under the laws of nations, nor that she was bound by any treaty obli- One more question, which has already been incidentally noticed, remains to be disposed of. If Great Britain had permitted the entry of prizes into her ports, would this have enabled the captors to condemn them so as to give an indefeasible title to the purchaser ? Without doubt. Not withstanding Lord Stowell, in the case of the " Fled Oyen" (1 Rob., pp. 139-142), declared the practice (he was cart rnenting on the practice of the French courts, in the heat of a French war, and every lawyer knows the rim with which his lordship assailed everything French) to be "in frequent and irregular," it is now well settled that a belli gerent Prize Court, sitting in its country, may adjudicate a prize lying in neutral waters, provided the possession of the captor remains. And this position seems to be as unanwer able in principle as it is well settled in practice. The pro ceeding in a prize case is in rem, and to give the court jurisdiction it is only necessary that it should have possession of the prize. But this need not be actual possession by the officers of the court, as by the marshal and his bailiffs. It is sufficient if the captor, or his duly appointed agent, has possession, because his possession is that of the Government under whose authority the court sits, as effectually as would be that of the marshal; and no principle is better settled than that a neutral Government has no right to interfere with the captor's possession of his prize —the case only excepted of the capture having been made within the waters of the neutral territory. So that if the prize be admitted into the neutral port at all —and the argument proceeds upon that hypothesis—the captor's possession remains as firmly established as if he and his prize were in his own country. In support of this jurisdiction of the Prize Court I quote the following authorities : —ln 111, Phillimore's International Law, p. 482, it is said ;—" An attentive review of all the cases decided in the Courts of England and the North American United States during the last war (1812) leads to the conclusion that the coademnation of a capture by a regular Prize Court, sitting in the country of the belligerent, of a prize lying at the time of the sentence in a neutral port ie irregular, but clearly valid. It appears to be the inclination of the English Prize Court during the present war (Russian) to limit to cases of necessity the condemnation vessels lying in a neutral port. It is scarcely necessary to add, after what has been said as to the former French law on condemnations by judges of the belligerent in neutral ports (that is, the judge, and the prize both being in the neutral port), that such condemna tions of vessels lying in neutral ports are holden valid by the French Prize Courts." Again, in the volume already quoted, p. 426, it is said, " The courts of the North Ameri (i can United St ates allow that property may be condemned in the courts of the captor while lying in a neutral couutry, but still they hold that it can only be so a djudicated upon while pon while the po ssess i on of the captor remains ; for if it be divested, either in fact or by operation of law, that posses sion is gone w hi ch can alone sustain the jurisdiction. And it is to be o b served that, a fortiori, where the property is already in the custody of a neutral tribunal, and the title is There would seem, then, to be no difficulty in the way of Great Britain's revoking her unjust and unneutral orders in Council and returning to a sense of justice. If indivi duals are bound in conscience to retract their errors when once discovered, how much more are nations bound to do so, the consequences of whose errors are so much more wide spread By doing justice to the Confederate States Great Britain will not be doing injustice to the Federal States. If she gives an asylum in her ports to the former, she will equally give it to the latter; and if she should work an in cidental advantage to the Confederate states, why should this he objected to more than the opposite rule, which has worked them so many disadvantages? And will it be less graceful in Great Britain to perform this act of justice because one of the parties in the for unt is struggling against odds, while the other has become overbearing—nay, trucu lent and defiant. from a fancied excess of brute strength? It is never safe for a nation, any more than an individual, to temporise, especially with a bully, and at the cost of in justice to a weaker party. Great Britain innocently fancies that she is "laying up against a rainy day"—that is to say, that she is concil ating the "universal Yankee nation" by her present one-sided course, and establishing wise and safe precedents to be followed by that people hereafter when she shall herself become a belligerent. But I warn that it is all fancy, and that she will reap the reward of her timidity in the usual way—timidity on the part of nations always in viting further insult and outrage. A people who have be come so lunatic as to destroy a constitutional Government and voluntarily submit their necks to the yoke of coarse and illiterate tyrant for the sake of butchering, in gratification of their revenge, eight millions of their former fellow-citizens, will hardly permit themselves to be ruled by English prece dents, to be calmly quoted to them by some future peace loving Earl Russell from ponderous blue-books. spriuT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—We find ourselves at the present moment engaged in a discussion which once more repro duces the arguments and suggestions of a contro versy long gone by. The problem of Manning the Navy was accomplished some years ago; but the topic, it seems, has only been dropped to make room for the question of Manning the Army. Those who remember the former discussion will recognise in the correspondence which we have recently pub lished all the old familiar statements and opinions, We are now told, precisely as we were told ten years since, that the Queen's pay is good pay, if it were but properly applied ; that what the public provides for the maintenance of the service consti tutes a liberal provision, if the soldier did but know it; that he actually receives, in one way or another, far more than could be earned by an agricultural labourer, but that his receipts are so confused be tween " pay" and " allowances," and so curtailed by stoppages and deductions, that the liberalhy of the nation eludes his perception. A soldier, we are assured, actually costs the country between 14s. and 15s. a week, whereas he obtains in the shape of money only 2d. a day. This is one of the old arguments, revived and repeated word for word ; the moral, of course, being that we should reform this part of the system, and pay the soldier in a coin which he understands. He knows the difference between ls. and ls. 6d. a day, but he takes little account of cheap supplies and contingent privileges. Give him his dues in ready money instead of dis guised advantages, and he will be able to compare his earnings with those of a ploughboy or an apprentice. A second argument is this—that a distinction should be established between ordinary and able-bodied soldiers, We borrow the terms from the Navy for application to the Army ; but the meaning is, that in the profession of arms, as well as all other professions, a trained and experienced man is worth more than a young beginner. That this is actually the case no one can deny, and yet we act as if no such difference of values existed. A soldier who has screed for ten years, who is well disciplined, thoroughly acquainted with his busi ness, and inured to all the trials of a military life, is held to be worth no more than a raw recruit. We have repeatedly explained that the bargain offered by the State to the recruit is in reality a good one. It must be remembered that ho is an unskilled labourer, taken to learn his trade at the public expense, and charged nothing for the in struction ; indeed, we can hardly put this plainer than by an appeal to the very examples anticipated at this minute. We are told, and with apparent reason, that we cannot expect, many of our soldiers to be content with their position at the expiration of their first term of enlistment. The ten years' man is a very different being from the raw lad picked up by the sergeant. Besides his mastery over his immediate profession, ho has been educated in mind and body. He has been to school, and has been well taught. His ideas have been enlarged, and be has acquired habits of discipline, obedience, and fidelity. Such a man is of value anywhere, and may look for more than his 131. a day from an appreciative master. Granted ; but then let us inquire who made this man what he is. At whose expense and by what agency was the village scamp or the loutish farm servant turned into the trained, intelligent, and trustworthy. man. All this increase of personal value was given by the State, and the difference between what the man was and what he is is simply the measure of his actual gain over and above his daily pay. We are convinced, however, that it is worth our while to buy this man at his proper value. We must buy the recruit first and the soldier afterwards—first got the men, and then keep them. If necessary, we meet offer better terms, but though there is no doubt about the increased demand ,:for labour, and the improved remuneration which it commands, we are assured, nevertheless, that the amount actually provided for the soldier under various forms of pay and allow ances is sufficient for the purposes of first recruiting, if judiciously applied. The trained soldier mey fairly look at the expiration of a given period of service for better terms than he got at first. That is so plain that it needs na argument. No doubt the improvement has been accomplished in the ser vice itself, but that does not affect the fact. A com plete soldier is worth more to us in common market value than a rectuit. He can get more—at least, so it is thought—in other callings, and it is reasonable, therefore, that he should look for more if he con tinues in his own. At all events, here are two plain principles inviting notice and trial. Give the young recruit in a tangible shape what you intend to give him; and when he has acquired skill in his calling give him something more. We think these suggestions are very likely to assist us materially in manning the army. POST.—The Conference is again adjourned till Saturday, and it is felt that the motive of these re peated delays is the understanding that nothing can yet be accomplished to reconcile these two opponents. A few days will bring a resumption of hostilities, which will oblige this country to determine once for all how we are to act at this crisis. We must either abandon Denmark or stand by her. In the meantime, as we feel ourselves drifting, we may pees our time in hoping against hope and arguing against our knowledge, and in looking out for some Heaven sent solution to arrive. But the inevitable hour must come when dreams give way to realities—when, if we are to hold our place among nations our iron clads must resolve other questions than those of steering and rolling—when our soldiers must occupy other camps than Aldershot, and our engineers again play out in earnest on a European stage the tragedy rehearsed the other day at Chatham. We are quite aware that these words of ours will be received with , mockery by the German Press : They will be com mented on as more bombast of the Morning Post, and we shall be reminded of similar expressions often used during the last few months. It is very deplorable that, in consequence of the anxiety dis played by our diplomatists to avoid war, or even the semblance of it, the voice of the Press is thought to be sham thunder. Foreigners think that this great country is really the slave of the Peace party. The delusions which preceded the Crimean war are again articles of belief in foreign capitals, and, alas 1 have again to b e dispelled. rance leaves to us , in this F instance, the initiative and the responsibility. As she acted in Italy alone, so now, in turn, we are ex pected to take our own line of action in a matter concern ourselves. Th e Pruesians, as, if we are not misinformed, which is supposed chiefly to Count B;s -march has recently informed the Prussian Mini s t er at Vienna, count on the abstention of France, at the of accepting price some suggestion s as to the appli cation of universal suffrage, and he h as warned the Austrian Government that Prussia will insist on a radical solution, and will, if neeessary, act alone, sup ported, as she expects to be, by the general public opinion rmany. As t o R uss i a, Count Bismarck considers of Ge himself perfectly secure as to her viewe, and has assured the Austrian Government that in no eventuality will she be found contrary to Prussian policy. The meeting of monarchs which is about to take place at Kissengen will probably ratify these conclusions, and the alliance which the Morning Post pointed out as already existing months ago will probably be solemnly renewed. Prussia helped Russia to crush Poland. Austria has recently also put her hand to that work. The Germans have fought side by side in Denmark, the conditions being Austrian concurrence in the North in return for prospective Prussian support in the South. Both have aided Russia in expectation of her connivance in their schemes and her aid in their difficulties. The allies presume that England and Francs are estranged, that France will not act alone, and that _ Total THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, iliNt 18134. helpless honesty. I am amused when I hear foreign travellers wondering at the rashness of silversmiths and jpwellers laying their wares so openly on the moat crowded thoroughfaret, and imagining how the eyes of the himble-fingered gentry of other countries would gloat upon the glittering display, and how their mouths would water I The Dane has no belief in thieving, and his faith makes him proof against. The Alabama and her Prizes, might as well have said to the Confederate States, in the word of the Declaration of Paris, " Privateering is and re mains abolished," although the said BtateS were not bolind by the said declaration, the United States, then the Federal mouthpiece, having declined to accede thereto before the war, '"Nee, no other foreign court can by ---2-7 there 5u0 ) ..,.. any adjudi • "^ tak e away, forestall, or defeat the cation of its own rightitu., jurisdiction of this n eu t ra l tribunal • ' ld th e author quotes 7, 14 Wheaton's Reports," 355 . I t t h us appears tha t , unless the captor divests himself of the possession of the prize (ag by sale, without waiting for condemnation), or his posses sion is divested by operation of law (as by his bringing a prize captured within neutral waters within neutral jurisdic tion), the belligerent Prize Court, sitting in its own country, has ample power to adjudicate. /- , ; affairs Eng la nd which,w i will n b e y v e i r t s act at all plausibility,Su ; selves that everything dangers. The kings at Kissengen will flatter them ! nd be obeyed—to invade t ; i cv have only to dictate j.` ch hid is es the it and to annex. We feel that .it is useless to recapt s s ts l t c;hi: f f is mighty smooth, and that tulate our stock arguments. The time for argumente is rapidly passing away, and we are just vergin g at the "last reason" of kings. We o drink the ) on the day when England will hav: t d a forward cup of humiliation to the dregs, or to si,ln.- she has in Europe in defence of the State whin!). bound are about to arriv compromised by her advice, and which she is __„ in honour to see safe out of the miseries that, v" have plunged her into. Denmark has always Ingr tened to our counsels. She allowed, at our icre?r . gation, execution in Holstein; she consented iv the repeal of her constitution ; she came at our call to the Conference; she has yielded t°' the abandonment of the Treaty of London, and to the dismemberment of her territory. H er Plenipotentiaries take their last stand, and base their ultimatum upon the line of frontier which via have suggested. But all in vain. The Gertualol who have used against her every violence, an; against us eve r y c hi caner y, rema i n u nsatisfied, an insist upon the full accomplishment of their mon strons demands. The Danes feel that but littio more ruin can fall upon them, and we are avrek in g a to the conviction that scarcely more dishonou r ca be heaped upon us. Y e t a ll that we have done ba n been done with the best intentions ; that, how e Z r e ' cannot save us from the fatal consequences. , the must either accept the positi o n i n E u rope which Germans are pleased to ass i gn t o us , and sick t° the i f level of a fourth-rate P ower , or vindicate, our pla.c t : among nations by the means by which we w°° plat. There can be no doubt th a t th e arm of &ghat; when the war begins a ga i n , w ill b e put forward j defence of Denmark— an d th a t w ith bitter reg ret , but with firm d e t erm i na ti on , we shall enter upon ; European war of which the ultimate co nsequen c . : will be greater than are con t em pl a t e d by the 01 ,9,; thinking imaginations of Berlin and Vienna. :W e our vivid perception o f o ur respons ibility and °`,„"„: magnitude of the cri s i s th a t h as ma d e lIS 13 ? " n - 1 hold back and yield point after point. We I r no t foresee any disaster that can befall us. It ii 3 f - a ° selfishness that has dictated the painful pent); ness of our policy. That has proceeded en"'il l " from too much care for those who treat us 5° - I ; On their heads be it. The bolt will fall on On who have provoked the storm, and when it i g i f,i late the unwi e ldy d es p ot i sms who are ma ki n g a h`; attempt to crush freedom and constitutional gove,r,;: Jost ment will have reason t o mourn over provinces w' s and weights wanti ng i n th e new arrang oven which will replace the ill-assorted diplomatic c °n. ventionalities of the old balance of power. COUNTRY MARKETS. - •~ _--- LYNN—TUESDAY. At to-day's market there was very little wheat ° ffered : The trade wa s fi rm , an d i n some i nstances the pr i ce s ofd t week slightly advanced. Barley same as before. Oats beans rather dearer. 34 0 White wheat 45s t o 46 s f Barley m 25° Red.. 39 s t o 41 a I G r i nding ..26s 2 i , Beans .32s to 31s I O a t s Averages—Wheats, 39 8 10d—b ar l ey, 32s 4d Small 34a to 36s I P eas ..... .s to .."'" —bean s ' 37s 4d. HULL—TUESDAY. Pig' At our corn market to-day there was a fair supply ° f ' 10 lish wheat, which sold freely at last week's currency foreign foreign the d eman d was li m i ted, and the prices ado" We 813 d higher than the Engli s h was se lli ng at. Both malting in grinding barley met a fair retail sale. Peas and bean s to slow sale, at barely the prices last quoted. Fine fresh ° a held for an advance of 6d per qr. Linseed dull. Ags Od Wheat.... Old white p er qr . 42 s Od to '-- Od Old red New white • . ~ red Barley.... English malting 27s Od to 34s O p Grinding Saal and Oderbruck Holstein and Danish Grindino• Oats English'', old 22 33 280 2 sgs s 00 0 0 ddd d tt t t 000 0 323 3 3 41 1 vox v n j ' i i . Arohangel and Riga, per at.. 0 0: 1 1 3 2jd to to oar gi Friesland and Dutch Swedish and Danish oBl2d to Osqa, Beans ....English, old, per qr New pigeon 42s Od to 4ls ~, t ; New tick Egyptian 3os Od to 33s I.''! Peas .. Foreign b oi l ers .. Grinding Tares ....Spring —s Od to —s u`,l Indian Corn Linseed, feeding crushing • Linseed cakes (Hull) Foreign: Rape cakes Bones X 8 505 1 5 5 00 453 0 0 23 000 s: tt t t 0 : 0 o °0 ddd X ttt 000 50 0 0 553 1 264 00008: Od SHEFFIELD—TUESDA r. At our market to-day there was a small supply of grain. and a moderate business was done at last week 14 rates. Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial bushels...lss 01 to 16s Od White » ...173 Od to 18s Od New red , ..15s Od to 16s Od New white ....16s 6d to 18s 14 Beans .15s 6d to 17s Od Peas, per qr Grindit b , barley, per qr 29s Od to 30s 04 Halting ditto, „ ...... 32s Od to 35s Od Oats 19s Od to 24s Od Floui., Is 4d to Is 8d per 141 b. NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE—TUESDAY. Wheat in moderate supply this morning, with a fair trade, at the currencies of this day week. Averages—Wheat, 40s 11d—barley, 31s 10d. COAL M. Prices of Coal per Ton at .ARKET. t the close of the market. O. (1' Byass's Beb s id e W es t s. d. Hartley .. • .. 16 3 Holywell .... Eden Main .. 16 3 West Hartley 16 3 North Pelton Gas. 13 0 Walker Primrose 13 3 Walls End. Braddyll's Hetton..... 16 6 Tiaswell ..17 6 ..... . Heugh 11911 .......... 17 Hartlepool ......... ..17 Tunstall Eel100.. South Keldoe ........ 1 7 .. 17 6 Hetton ........ 17 g South Hartlepool.... • • 6 Gosforth ............ 15 6 South Hetton...... ...17 Walls End. 1 East Hartlepool 17 6 CabSCip l6 9 Russel's Helton 16 6 Riddell.... . , l5 6 J Ships at marker lt, 39 ; sold. 37. Foreign Mail Packet List, MAILS DUE. in e 8. Australia and Mauritiu s , v i a Southampton.... • •Tr — via Marseilles July 13. brazil and C a p e V er d s, b y B r i tish packet. July s'g Cape of G oo d H ope, A scension, and St. Helena J un g is, China, Penang, and Sin ga p ore , v i a S out h amp ton Jull' 2 7, via Marseilles Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via S out h amp t on June 1 8 ' India (Calcutt a ), an d C ey l on, via Southaripton.. • Jun e India 7. via Marseilles, Jun e 0 2 5 (Bombay), via Southampton June b " . Jane 20. via Marseille s Portugal.... Malta, Egypt, an d Ad en, v i a Southampton Jun e 1.. Newfoundland via Marseille s July 5 " ' ~June 18 Oporto and Vigo .. U. S. and British N. A mer i ca , b y B rit. packet.. • • 'lllll' by U.S. packet 11. by Canadi an p ac ket Jane All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, j Jane 28. California. and Briti s h Columbia.. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—HoIIoway's Pills, Enjoyment of hith oo e d b o lo r o d d er i s w p e u a r r e e , its circulation ell t marvellousle r v W e s h e i n i power in securing these great secrets of health,: by purifying, regul a ti ng , an d s t reng th en i ng fluids and solids. Holloway's pill s can b e con fid en tly recommended perfoct an d e a o to all persons suff er i ng f rom di sor d ere d digestion or worried by nervous fancies or neural g i c pa i ns . They correct acidity' and heartburn, dispel sick headache, quicken the action of the liver, and act as alteratives and gentle aperients. The weak and delicate may take them without fear. Holloway's Pills are eminently serviceable to invalids of irritable pills possess constitutions, as they raise the action of every organ to its natural standard, and u niversally exercise a calming a nd sedative influence. Births. ANDERSON.-7 0 n the 14th inst., at Shrubland-grove, Del ston, the wife of Mr. J. 11. Anderson, of a son. BUDGETT.—On the 13th inst., at Redland House, Dart ham Down, near Bristol, the wife of W. H. Budget' , Esq., of a son at(' heir. GROVES. — On the 13th inst., at Manor House, Burton Bradstock, the wife of John Groves, Esq., 18th llussare, of a daughter. STODDART.—On the 13th inst., the wife of Herbert Stod dart, Esq., late Royal Fl.l6iliers, of a daughter. Marriages. HUTCHI NSON.—BRUNJES.—On the 11th inst., at St ' Lawrence Church, Monet, Kent, William Hutchinson, Esq., of Ramsgate, late Captain 60th Royal Rifles,W Rebeca, only daughter of Martin Brunjes, at We" Dumpton, in the Isle of Thanet. KEMPSON.—WEDGWOOD.—On the 11th inst. a t Coshes ton, Pembrokeshire, M ajor K em p son , Regiment, to Louisa Fra nces , eldest daughter of IL A. Wedgwood, Esq., of M oodfields, Pembrokeshire. Deaths. inst., 29th FANSHAWE.—On, the 14th inst., at 32, Cheater-terrace , Regent's-park, Admi ra l Si r Arthur Fanshaws, K.C.8.1 aged 70. FERRIER.—On the 1 lth inst., at Wollpark, St. Andrew's, James Frederick Ferrier, 8.A., Oxon, Professor of Moral Philosophy. GRENvIriE.—On the 13th inst., at 33, South-street, the Right H on . L a d y Grenville, widow of W. W., Lord Grenville, aged 92. GRAY —On the 15th inst., at Monastery House, East India road, Thomas Gray, Esq., aged 76. HUNTLEY.—On the sth inst., at Santos, Brasil, Sir IL V. Huntley, aged 68. DiLizziNianx.—On the 11th inst., at Downside College, n ear Bath, C oun t M azz i ng hi, age d 65. London : Printed and Pr bilshed by WILLIAM AND-REWS of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tim Suiv Office No. 312 c Strand, In the Precinct of the savoy, n the Counfy Ot Sitddicoex,--Thure day, June 16,1861.