The Sun. — London, England, 1854-05-02 00:00:00

HOUSE OF LORDS--(YESTERDAY.) Their lordships assembled at 5 o'clock. Lord BROUGHAM presented a petition from the Mayor and Town Council of Oxford in favour of opening the University of Oxford to all classes of the people. Lord CAMPBELL presented a petition from the Trade Protection Society, at Edinburgh, against the bill for the Assimilation of the English and Scotch bankruptcy law. Lord BROUGHAM said he had received petitions from all parts of Scotland in favour of the bill, and Edinburgh was the only place from which any petition against it had come. The LORD CHANCELLOR believed from the communications he had received that the proposed assi milation would be distasteful to a great portion of the people of Scotland. The noble and learned lord inti mated that to-day for the first time he had seen the re port of the Bankruptcy Commissioners, and it, together with a large mass of evidence, was now on the table of the house. TICKETS OF LEAVE TO CONVICTS. Lord ST. LEONARDS inquired what course the Go vernment intended to pursue with regard to tickets of leave to convicts in this country. He alluded to a case in which a convict in Dartmoor jail, who was sentenced to seven years' transportation, had, after a few months' good conduct, been furnished with a ticket of leave, but this required his return to Edinburgh, where his offence had been committed, and it appeared that shortly after his return he was taken into custody for some minor offence. He thought that before prisoners were liberated the Government ought to see that they had an opportunity of getting an honest livelihood, i n order that they might not be compelled to return to their old practices. The LORD CHANCELLOR said he would make in quiries of the Secretary of State for the Home Depart ment as to the case mentioned by the noble and learned lord. He could scarcely, however, believe that the facts were as had been stated. UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. Lord LYNDHURST inquired whether the Govern ment intended to introduce into th e University o f Cam bridge a legislative body corresponding it that co ntained in the bill f or the University of Ox ford ; whether they int en d e d to establish in the University of Cambridge a class of members not connected with any of the colleges ; and, lastly, when it was intended to introduce any of those restriction with respect t o f e ll owsh i ps which were contained in the s Oxford Bill. The Earl of ABERDEEN said, as he had already stated, it was not the intention of the Government to bring forward any measure for the University of Cam bridge this session. It was unnecessary now to enter into the points mentioned by the noble and learned lord. His (the noble earl s) declaration on a former occasion, was not that a similar measure to that of Oxford would be introduced with regard to Cambridge, bnt that it was the intention of the Government to ask Parliament to legislate on the subject, and not to allow the university to legislate for itself. CONDITION OF CALCUTTA. The Earl of ALBEMARLE presented a petition from the inhabitants of Calcutta, complaining of the inefficient manner in which that city is lighted, drained, and cleansed, under the local municipal act of 1852, and praying for municipal institutions similar to those enjoyed by towns in the United Kingdom. After entering at some length into the subject, the noble earl concluded by asking the Government whether they were prepared to take any steps to remedy the evils complained of. Earl GRANVILLE said that as these were all purely local matters, with which the Governor-General in coun cil and the local authorities were perfectly competent to deal, be would not recommend their lordships to inter fere with them. THE INCOME TAX BILL. Earl GRANVILLE, in moving the order of the day for going into committee on this bill, said he had no in tention of entering into a history of the income tax; and he should not now have alluded to what took place last . year, but for the observations which had recently been made in this house. A noble friend of his had observed that there was great want of forethought on the part of the Chancellor of the Exchequer in abandoning, at a time when he anticipated war, so important a source of re venue as the soap duty; that when the Government came into office there was an ample revenue for all purposes, yet they wantonly threw away 1,000,0001. a year in soap duties, and substituted for it a tax which produced five times that amount. Now, if there were one feeling stronger than another, whether in or out of Parliament, it was that it had become absolutely necessary for the in come tax either to be repealed or its inequalities to be mo dified. And this feeling had certainly been much encourag ed by what had taken place on the part of the late Govern ment. With a laudable desire to meet this feeling, they announced in Parliament that it was a part of their • plan to make certain modifications in these inequalities. But when their plan was propounded, it was felt to be incomplete and immature, and its only effect was to in crease the public expectation that her Majesty's present Government would deal with the impost. His right boo. friend the Chancellor of the Exchequer had accord ingly applied a degree of labour to the consideration of the question, so as to master its principles and the worleing of its details, which he believed had hardly ever been bestowed by any public man upon a single question whilst engaged in the discharge of the other duties of his office. He had had associated with him several other members of the Government, and after the most anxious consideration, they had come to the conclusion, which every ministry had of late come to, except the Government of noble lords opposite, that it was impossible to modify the income tax without increasing, instead of diminishing its inequality an d i n j ust i ce, and that if they meddled with it at all they would impair its utility as a means of supplying the revenue. With the expectations which had been raised on the part of the country on the one hand, and with this opinion of the Government on the other, it appeared to him absolutely' necessary either to give the tax up altogether or retain it in its present sleeps. By the admirable arguments of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, accompanied by a pro position which met with the Aeolis- of the House of Com mons and the country, on account of its justice, its com prehensiveness, and the fact that it relieved to a consi derable extent—as in the case of the repeal of the soap duty—both the manufacturers of the country and the wants of the poorer classes of the people, the House of Commons and the country were induced to accept the income tax again. It was now proposed by the bill on the table to double the first half-year's income tax. This would give 3,300,0001., which with the surplus of last year would go to make op the deficiencies upon the expendi ture of 56,000,0001., already sanctioned by the House of Commons. The proposition was a simple one. The bill merely enacted that during the first half-year double one half-year's income tax should be paid ; the objects being two —one, that as a direct tax, unlike an indirect, could only be collected within 6 or 9 months subsequently to its becoming due, the whole charge might be received in the current year ; the other, that if circumstances should require it, Government might be enabled to come before parliament and make a second call. Lord BROUGHAM stated that he retained all his former objections to the income tax. He still thought that a tax upon income derived from capital ought to be different from a tax upon income derived from labour; and that of all taxes a tax upon income was the worst, with the exception of taxes upon food, taxes upon know ledge, and taxes upon the administration of justice. But owing to the war in which we were engaged, the ex i.enses of which mast be paid, the income tax was not . only necessary, but it was necessary to double it ; and on this ground alone he assented to it. • The Earl of MALMESBURY said the late Govern ment had been turned out upon their financial policy ; and therefore it was the more incumbent upon the pre sent Government to show that their financial policy en titled them to the confidence of the country. Glancing -at Mr. Gladstone's several propositions, he contended • that all his expectations had proved illusory. He must have known that war with Russia was impending when he was proposing reductions of taxation and conversions of stock. War, however, was now declared ; and then Mr. Gladstone expressed an opinion that the present generation might support the burden, and that the doubling of the income tax for the present would be suf ficient. He took a different view on both these points. 'A new financial scheme had now been proposed. The success of this plan appeared to be doubtful. In con clusion the noble earl said he should not oppose the mo tion, but he left the house to decide whether the results of Mr. Gladstone's policy ' had arisen from i gnorance or incapa c it y. Lord IsIONTEAGLE contended at great length that our financial position a t the pres en t moment was anoma lous if hot dangerous In spite o f i ncrease d revenue and prosperity w e were in; difficulties from the measures pro posed by the Government, among which he chiefly in cluded the red uc ti on of i nterest upon Exchequ er bill s. The effect was th at the C hancellor of the Exchequer was called upon to raise 3,000,000/, in money at great incon venience, to pay off these bills,andto re-issue th em a t a higher rate of interest More h been d one by t hi s transaction to destroy the charactera a of the se secur i t i es than at any period durin g the wholehTsdee also ofor dealingr that they had been in existen ce . abortived sch a e h m a e l s f with the funded debt been produc the Ex ti of great inconvenience. The balances in chequer had b een reduc ed 5 , 081 ,000/. betw een 1853, and 1 854 , in consequence of these operations Mean' sum of a war budge t had been carried, inasmuch as a of 4,315, 000 /. h ad been voted, in a ddition to the ordi nary estimates for the army, navy, and ordnance ser vices, The balances th us r educe d by the financial opera tions of last year entailed danger not only to the work ing of the Bank Act of 1844, but great injury to th e commercial interest, by lim i t in g the means at the com mand of the Bank for its accommodation. And whil s t the balances had been exhausted the sinking fund had been absorbed, not in the paying off of debt, but in cur rent expenditure. The keystone of the system of the Government was, as explained by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, that the supplies of the year should be raised within the year. But on the 21st of April, when Parlia- Lament was not sitting, an official notice appeared stating that 6,000,0001. was required, and would be raised in the very manner which all the previous declarations of the Chancellor of the Exchequer had repudiated. He expressed considerable doubts as to the expediency of this propeeal ; and he cautioned the Government against unnecessarily meddling with public credit, and against fanciful systems of experiment with the finances of the cotAtry.,,, Die Dike oI)it.GYLL, replying to the observations ')t tbil Earl o' i ' 2'll Z sbury contended that when the iiningial .-niei the , Government were prepared _LctiioN had liQti.frlnt, • ' 13 Z., of Russia, any led )1 . Vitichng So - botd ldlott 41' ( ythattthej ; ergggia • ( sraonbc s e e s u g a l t v i e o n by the Emperor anticipate a state of war. Al ns, he contended r he actual state of things 2 • that I rTeri r - T tc . ,I-4 alc . '", ' iIPERIAL PARLIAMENT. h of e had a st a t carefully eof left war and d out of h e deficiencyconsideration o i the h e t he ha existence rvest last year, circumstances which were enough to disturb the calculations of any minister ; but he submitted that with an increasing revenue and with a considerable balance of income over ordinary expenditure, both which the noble lord had admitted, there was no reason for des pondency. Undero noblethese lord sh rcircumstancesater uncalledhe co for,nsid ear: and the speech of the as calculated to increase the difficulties which he had described. Earl GREY said the house was greatly indebted to Lord Monteagle for the able manner in which he had examined the financial arrangements of the Government; and the answer made by the noble duke he regarded as eminently unsatisfactory. Though he could not agree with Lord Malmesbury, he was certainly not prepared to give that unmixed praise to the financial policy of the Chancellor of the Exchequer which had been claimed by the noble duke, inasmuch as the result of that policy had been to cause a considerable loss to the public. Our present financial position was extremely serious. He was alarmed at the low state of the public balances, and still more at the language held elsewhere in defending their reduction, because it calculated upon the whole amount of dividends not being called Mr when due, and upon accruing revenue to di.icharge the balance. This was the course pursued by "gentlemen in difficulties" when they told their tradesmen to call again, and he cautioned the house against a system which might lead to a notion in the public that there was not money in Ithe Bank to pay them. Their lordships should guard against a policy which threatened to lead to such conse quences, and which, therefore, he characterized as rash and dangerous. He had, indeed, no confidence in the financial foresight of the Government. After a few words from the Earl of DONOUGHMORE, Earl GRANVILLE replied in considerable detail to the objections urged against the financial policy of the Government, whic he vindicated in all its main points. The bill then passed through committee ; after which ,heir lordships adjourned. HOUSE OF COlllll-lONS—(YESTERDAY.) The SPEAKER took the chair at four o'clock. LOUTH ELECTION. The SPEAKER announced that he had received a letter from the agents to the petition against the last return for the county of Louth, stating it was not the intention of the petitioners to proceed further in the matter. THAMES EMBANKMENT BILL. On the motion for the second reading of the Thames Embankment and Railway (London and West London) Bill, Sir W. MOLESWORTH moved that the bill be read a second time this day six, months. Mr. MACARTNEY, after such a decided expression of opinion against the bill, begged leave to withdraw it. The bill was then by leave withdrawn. PETITIONS. Petitions were presented—by Mr. HADFIELD, from the Corporation of Sheffield, in favour of secular education and the admission of dissenters to the universities ; by Mr. BRADY, from Leitrim against any interference with nun neries ; and three petitions in favour of the medical Regis tration Bill ; by Mr. T. DUNCOMBE, from Blackburn, praying for inquiry into the condition of the working classes. TESTAMENTARY JURISDICTION BILL. The ATTORNEY-GENERAL brought up the above bill, which was read a first time, and ordered to be read a second time on Friday next. CITY OF LONDON CORPORATION COMMISSION. In reply to Sir B. HALL, Mr. LABOUCH ERE stated that the commissioners ap pointed to inquire into the state of the Corporation of the City of London had made their report, and it was now in the hands of the Secretary of State for the Home Depart ment. (Hear, hear.) MONEY ORDERS. Mr BLAND wished to ask the Secretary to the Trea sury why a charge of one halfpenny has, since the Ist day of April, been made at the Money Order-office for printed forms of application heretofore furnished gratis. Mr. HAYTER said five forms of orders were supplied for a halfpenny, and it had been found that the arrange. ment was for the advantage of the public. TROOPS FOR THE EAST. Lord LOVAINE asked if the steamers engaged for con veying troops to the East were employed for the use of the troops alone. Mr. B. OSBORNE believed they were exclusively so. Lord LOVAINE—How came it to pass, then, that the reporter to the Ti mes o bt a i ne d a passage out mi'board one of these vessels ? Mr. B. OSBORNE was not aware that the reporter of the Times did obtain a passage on board one of. the steamers, but he ought to have had notice of the question. Lord LOVAINE gave notice that he would repeat the question. MORE ESTIMATES AND ANOTHER BUDGET. Col. BLAIR observed that the Education (Scotland) Bill stood for second reading on Friday, and he should be glad to know if it was intended to bring it on then ? Lord J. RUSSELL replied in the negative, as the Go vernment on that night proposed to ask for additional esti mates both for the navy and army, and the house would be asked to go into supply for that purpose on Friday. On Mon day next (this day week) the Chancellor of the Exchequer would make another financial statement to the house. INNS OF COURT. Mr. BOWYER asked Lord John Russell when the com mission to inquire into the inns of court will be appointed, and whether the commissioners will be empowered to in quire into the property of the inns of court, and the pur poses to which such property is now applied, and its management. Lord J. RUSSELL said the terms had been settled by the Lord Chancellor, but he could not state what the powers of the commissioners would be. OXFORD UNIVERSITY BILL. The house then went into committee on the Oxford University Bill. On clause 1, which appoints the commissioners, Mr. HORSNIAN moved an amendment that the clause should be postponed, with a view to leaving out the names of the Bishop of Ripon, Lord Ellesmere, Mr Justice Cole ridge, and Sir J. Audrey. Lord J. RUSSELL objected to this course, contending that those gentlemen were in all respects qualified to act as commissioners. Mr. HORSMAN repeated his objection, more especially to the Bishop of Ripon, as he contended a bishop had ample duties to attend to in his own diocese. Sir J. PAKINGTON said no two individuals were more entitled to respect than the Bishop of Ripon and Judge Coleridge, but the question was, Were they able to devote their time to such an inquiry as this ? Mr. SOTHERON thought the attempt to erase from the bill the first clause, which appointed the commissioners, seemed like taking off the head and leaving nothing but the trunk. He hoped the house would ou no account consent to postpone the clause. After some remarks from Mr. Heywood, Mr. Blackett, and Mr. Wigram, The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said that if ho understood the discussion aright, it turned partly on the general question as to the fixing of the names at the commencement or close of the committee, and partly on the names themselves. Of course, the house by passing names now, would not be precluded from the substitution of other names hereafter. Ho believed that there was no choice between giving the largest discretionary power and. adopting propositions of the broadest character. He held that it was the duty of Government to appoint men who would be satisfactory to those whose whole life and hopes were bound up in the welfare of the University. Objec tions had been urged against two of the proposed commis sioners, Mr. Justice Coleridge and the Doan of - Wells, on the ground of their religious views. It had been properly replied to that objection by an hod. member who had spoken, that those wero matters which ought not to be dis cussed there; but he might observe, that ho believed the statements put forward in that respect were not justified by fact. Then Sir J. Awdrey was objected to because ho was supposed to have expressed dissent from the bill ; but having received Sir J. Awdrey's evidence, his (the Chan cellor of the Exchequer's) opinion of the general tenor of that evidence was that it was conceived entirely in accord. ance with the spirit of the bill. What were the views Sir J. Awdrey had expressed? That college ought not to maintain the monopoly of instruction--that it was doubt ful whether the oaths ought to be retained, and that the restriction of holy orders in reference to fellowships ought to be relaxed. Mr. HEY WOOD—But as to Dissenters ? The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHAQUER was not aware that there was anything about Dissenters in the bill ; but what he contended was, that generally the evidence of Sir J. Awdrey was in accordance with the spirit of the bill. Then the hon. gentleman wanted a scientific man ; but, if he had searched through the University, it was doubtful whether in general acquirements, including science, a man could be found equal to the Dean of Wells. He obtained the highest scholarship in the university ; took a double first class in classics and mathematics ; and had filled the professorships of astronomy and moral philosopy. Then it was said these commissioners had other dutiesto occupy their time. If it were desired to reform any institution— to improve its organisation, instead of disorganising it— they must carry with them the confidence of those with whom they had to deal, and must appoint men to carry out that reform in whom the institution had confidence, and in whom Parliament had confidence ; for this, it was necessary to appoint men of great experience, and ability, and honour, and tried prudence; but where were such men to be found if they were to be precluded from making choice of men already filling high and important stations ? With regard to the Bishop of Ripon—when ho was re quested by the Government to allow himself to be nomi nated as one of the commissioners—the first thing he did was to write to say that his diocese had the first claim upon his care, and before he could consent he must know that the nature of the duties required of him were such as he could discharge without interfering with the duties of his diocese. The bishop was informed that what would be required of him was a general supervision in the framing of general rules, and not the dealing with a large mass of details, which would be left to the secretaries. Mr. DISRAELI protested against the principle which he understood had been laid down by the right hon. gen tleman that what they were to decide was not so much the clauses of the bill as who were to be the administrators uponnpet: e pn to wh om t h e carrying out of those clauses was to be en trusted. No principle could be more d angerous. Wh at belse contend e d was, that they should first settle what was to not lo eZtrh e tom , s a ict, n lloat d hui t ets h em, en deliberate as t o w h o wore t h e most coin s soe andflv tethaostfioblilbutehbieynofttffihueceensecheto(airbianecte.etsrhteaaiburldisdhpeeocdsi,sitinaoinonds of those whom it was T propos e d t o appo i nt as trustees to carry theminKtoiNeffaecto. N inqui re d i n w h om the appoint meSnitr ojf. pA the se cre t ary would be vested, and who was to be appointed R USSELL replied that it h a d no t yet b een ord. ? fixed who should fill the offic e of secretary ; if it were de sired he should have no objection to introduce the names and at a later per a iod otherwise th e crown would appoint them words from Mr. H ORSMAN, the committee f fi te x r t a he few sla words divided. clause For For amendment l4l theth e 169 Majority for the Government --28 The clause was agreed to, as was clause 2, and, after so n discussion, clause 3. A long debate took place on the wonting of that part of clause 4 which prescribes that no oath taken by any officer of the University shall be pleadable in bar of the authority of the commissioners ; Sir Wm. Heathcote moved the omission of these words and the substitution of a modified p rv i zo no t waking mention of Buy oath. On. division this ) amendment was negatived by 118 to 69, majority, 49; ; i and the clause was agreed to. On clause 5, which substitutes the Hebdomadal Council for the Hebdomadal Board, Mr. WALPOLE explained the grounds of amendment which he proposed to the sixth clause, which provides for the composition of the council. His amendments went to increase the number of heads of colleges or halls, who were to be part of the council, from six to seven, and to do the same as regarded the professors, and to provide that, instead of such heads being elected by the congre gations, they should be selected from among themselves by the heads of colleges or halls, and to make similar pro vision in regard to the selection by the professors from among themselves. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER removed front clause 5 some words connecting it with the provi sions for the composition of the council ; and, after dis cussion and a protest from Mr. NEWDEGATE, the clause was agreed to. Ott clause 6, Mr. Walpole's amendments being moved, The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER entered into argument to show their inexpediency, urgin e that the word clique seemed expressly invented to describe the li mited constituencies they would create, and that the whole bill was passed on trust and confidence in the men for whom legislation was being att-mpted. A long discussion followed, in the course of which Mr. NEWDEGATE protested against the depriving the government of the University of its free and popular cha racter, and instanced, as one of its merits, that convocation very nearly crushed the Tractarian heresy at its oustet. Mr. LO WE ridiculed the picture drawn by Mr. Newde gate, and in turn referred to the discreditable spectacle of men having been brought up in hundreds from all corners of the kingdom to condemn Dr. Hampden's book, which few of them had read. He spoke from experience in de scribing the Government of the University as an oligarchy. Mr. HENLEY contended that the proposed plan woul 1 throw the whole power into the hands of the younger members, who would be an oligarchy of about a hundred. He also avowed much apprehension of the increased in fluence of Tractarianism from the new constitution, in which the clerical element was far too prevalent. Mr. E. DENISON, Sir W. HEATHCOTE, and other mem bers having taken part in the discussion, the committee divided on the amendment relating to the election of the heads, and the numbers were— For the amendment For the original clause Majority against Government —l3 Mr. WALPOLE then (as we understood) suggested that the words in the clause giving the Chancellor the power to appoint one of the heads of houses to be a member of the hebdomadal council should be omitted. Mr. GLADSTONE said there was no objection to the omission of the words, and they were accordingly struck out. Mr. WALPOLE said that his next amendment, which proposed that " the six professors of the council should be elected by the professors from among themselves," was the same in principle as that which had just been agreed to, and would probably be consented to by the Government. Mr. GLADSTONE admitted that this amendment was virtually included in the decision to which the house had come, and he would therefore agree to it. A conversation then followed with regard to the struc ture of the clause, and the distribution of the members of the council among the elective body. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER proposed to drop the seventh professor, and that the wording of the clause should stand thus, " six professors to be selected from themselves." Mr. HORSMAN objected to that, as it would greatly reduce the professorial element of the Hebdomadal council. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER asked what the movers of the former amendment meant by the term " to be selected." Mr. WALPOLE explained that the heads of houses would select from among themselves by election those per sons whom they chose to invest with the powers of their representatives. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER stated that he should persist in the insertion of the words, " one other such professor to be separately elected by the professors." Mr. DISRAELI did not object to this seventh profes sor, but the seventh should be elected by the professors of theology ; and he should therefore move the addition of the words "of theology." The committee divided, when there appeared— For the amendment Against l4B-13 Lord J. RUSSELL said it was proposed to amend the end of the clause, so as to make it agree with the changes already made in it; but at that hour (12 o'clock) he would not proceed further with the committee. Tlie house then resumed, and Thursday next was fixed for the further proceeding with the bill. PUBLIC PROSECUTORS BILL. ----- On the order of the day for the second reading of this bill, Mr. R. PHILLIMORE said that as the Attorney.Gene rat had assured him of his intention to carry a measure on this subject through the house during the present session, he should not press the present bill. The ATTORNEY-GE NE RAL protested with some vehe mence against the idea that he had promised to carry a bill on a subject of such difficulty during the present session. What he had promised to do was to prepare a bill, which he hoped he should be able to introduce this year. The bill was then withdrawn. RAILWAY AND CANAL TRAFFIC REGULATION MR. ROWLAND RILL AND THE POST-OFFICE. For more than a half century there have only been two secretaries to the Post-office department—viz., Sir Francis Freeling and Colonel Maberly. Sir Francis was brought up in the Post-office, and had performed the humblest as well as the highest duties of the department. He was a protege of Mr. Palmer, the great Post-office reformer, on account of his intelligence and his wil lingness to carry out Mr. Palmer's views. At Sir Francis's death, however, the Post-office was in dis repute. There was a loud cry for reform ; its revenue was decreasing, and there was a general belief that the department had not kept pace with the spirit and wants of the age. At this time, Lieutenant-Colonel Maberly, a member of the House of Commons, had distinguished himself in the house for his business habits, and he was selected by the Whig government to succeed Sir Francis Freeling. He, of course, was, a stranger to the business of the department. He had not been secretary many years before Mr. Rowland Hill pro pounded the penny postage plan. Colonel Maberly was first opposed to its introduction. It was however carried, and Mr. Hill was after a time installed into the depart ment, with co-ordinate authority with the colonel. This created some slight embarrassment. Colonel Maberly has therefore retired, and Mr. Hill has now succeeded him with undivided power, to carry out in its integrity that great measure on which his fame will securely rest, and the utility of which has been long ratified by the Government and the country. Mr. Hill has now had many years' experience of the whole machinery and working of the Post-office, and will have nothing to learn in that respect. It is singular that all postal reformers have been unacquainted with the depart ments which they have revolutionised. Men intimately acquainted with the machinery of the Post-office, who know every cog, pin, and wheel, as it were, that keep the machine moving, see insuperable difficulties in any great reform. Reformers, however, perceive nothing but the simple and great principle they have discovered, and they instinctively and rightly think that it is pos• sible to remove every obstacle that prevents that prin ciple from being carried out. It is in the perseverance and enthusia-m of such reformers that mankind have been benefited. Mr. Rowland Hill has now had his aspira tions gratified. Raised by the Government and the country, he is placed in a supreme position, by which he will be enabled to mould a great governmental depart ment of a great country, so that it shall be a blessing to the whole world, assisting commerce, promoting educa tion, providing abundant facilities for social intercourse, and contributing as much, perhaps, as anything► can con tribute to the peace and prosperity of the world. NOTES ON TIIE PRACTICAL WORKING OP MR. CARDWELL'S BILL. Under the powers contained in this bill, " any person who complains of any Company, with respect to the .arrangements for receiving, forwarding, or delivering traffic ;" or, " with respect to the times of starting, stop ping, or arriving of trains ;" or, "with respect to the tolls, rates, or charges exacted by any company ;" or " in any other respect ;" zn, , y petition the Court of Chancery for an order referring the caso to the Board of Trade, and the Board are empowered to report to the Court their opinion on the same, and "on any arrangements as to the traffic, or any regulations for conducting the same; or any adjust ment of the tolls, rates, and charges which appear to the Board fitted to remedy the grievance complained of," or, " to be just and reasonable ;" and the court may make such order on the report as the Court thinks fit. These provisions would invest the Court of Chancery, and, practically, the Board of Trade, with absolute power to interfere with the profits of railway companies by the alteration of tolls. To govern the whole management of the line and its branches, by settling the starting and ar riving of trains, thereby fixing the speeds of running. To order any number of carriages or waggons to be sent through, without regard to expense, in any direction, or to any distance where there is a continuous line, and to enforces compulsory partnership between competing com panies having directly hostile interests, thereby rendering one party responsible for all the acts and defaults of its rival in trade, and without any of the control and check which the companies now possess of absolving themselves from liability by ceasing to book through. At the same time, the bill leaves with the directors of railway companies all the responsibilities to life and pro perty which are involved in the conduct of the daily traffic, in addition to those whhich might be produced by the orders of the Court of Chancery. Passing by the subject of tolls, which is simply one of confiscating the rights of parties who have laid out their capital on the faith of their acts of Parliament, the practi cal questions involved in the compulsory through booking system, the regulation of trains, and the sending through carriages, deserve attention. By the harmonious action of friendly companies, through booking has extend e d o f l a t e years t h roughout the greater part of the kingdom, and through carriages are generally forwarded wherever the traffic is sufficient to warrant it, but the arrangements have necessarily certain limits. As it is, an enormous amount of labour and expense has been cast upon the companies. The booking through on the London and North Western rail way has already produced more than 33,000 different rates in the merchandise traffic on that line, and if the booking were confined to all stations on that line alone, the number of different rates and classes of tickets would be 530,160. Now, there are on the lines associated with the clearing-house (omitting all lines south of the Thames), 2,312 stations, and if all these were compelled to book with each other, the number ofdifierentfares and classes of tickets would amount to seventy-eight millions, eight hundred and forty-four thousand, seven hundred and thirty•five. The largest station on any line could not even hold the tickets, to say nothing of the enormous staff required to manipulate them. Again, if the London and North lyestern Company were compelled to send through car riages to all the lines with which they now exchange through booking, their trains, averaging less than 15 car riages, would extend to 72 carriages on each train. Of course this number could not be conveyed, and the num ber of trains must consequently be quadrupled. But this is by no means the measure of the work which might be created should the Court of Chancery think fit. Had the clauses been limited to compulsory through book ing, by the most direct route between two points, the principle, though equa ll y objectionable, would have been intelligible; but M r . C ar d we ll' s avowed' object is to secure through accommodation wherever, and by as many routes, as there are continuous lines. The particular instance selected by Mr. Cardwell, as an illustration of the ground for Legislation in regard to pas sengers, was the Aberdeen line to London ; and he com plained that although .a passenger could book through by the direct and shortest route, be could not take a through ticket to diverge at a particular point on his journey, and proceed thence by a circuitous line. It may be useful, therefore, to examine this particular case. There are thirty-four different and continuous railway routes between Aberdeen and London, by which carriages could be sent through, and no less than nineteen of them are actually shorter than the one upon which Mr. Cardwell rested his grievance. Almost all largo termini would exhibit as many roads to any given place, and some of them a far greater number. Now, the Court of Chancery might " think fit" to order through booking, and the sending of through carriages by all of them, in order to avoid the charge of partiality ; and in that case, the classes of tickets numbering 77,844,735 must be indefinitely multiplied. The state of helpless con fusion into which the railways would be thrown if booking through were ordered by various routes may be imagined ; the delays at stations—the irregularities—the mistakes — and the claims arising from them—would bring the whole system to a dead lock within twenty-four hours. The number of portmanteaus and other articles of passengers' luggage conveyed upon the London and North-Western alone exceed twenty millions annually. How many of these would reach their destination if a variety of routes were open to send them astray ? But to insure the thorough booking, the Court of Chan cery must deal with the times of starting and arriving of the trains. On the London and North-Western Railway and its branches there are now running, daily, 705 trains. The arrangement of this mass of work requires the nicest adjustment, and the continual attention of the directors and a large staff of officers. An alteration of some of the trains would involve extensive changes throughout the system, and probably on a dozen contiguous railways. The Court of Chancery, on the report of a military elgiueer of the Board of Trade, might by a single change, throw their entire time table into a state of dangerous en tanglement, and, what with booking everywhere, sending through carriages for the convenience of everybody in every direction, render it pretty nearly impossible to en sure going anywhere in reasonable time. But it may be replied that the Court of Chancery would not insist on applying their powers so extensively, but would select particular routes in each direction. Exactly so—and this fact illustrates the injustice of the power. The court may. "think fit" to choose a few certain routes (probably circuitous as suggested by Mr. Cardwell, because the direct routes rarely require adjustment), in order to produce and regulate the amount of competition as it pleased. It could thus check or let loose competition in any particular direction, or to any extent it might think fit ; in fact, it could crush any particular railway which became obnoxious to the Board of Trade. But what principles aro to guide the court in its deci. sion ? Is the public interest exclusively, or the interest of the proprietors of the line under consideration, or the advan tage of some hostile company, seeking to earn a dividend, which it has failed to secure on its own line, out of the revenues of its richer neighbour, to determine the point. Is a short middle link in a chain to be made entirely ob edient to the longer line? Is a trunk line to have its trains fitted to the numerous and important branches in its vicinity, which again interlace with other trunk lines? •rare the small companies to be made subservient to the large ones? Are the tolls to be adjusted (reduced) on the principle of assisting the circuitous railway to compete with the direct one ? It would appear from the bill that there is absolutely no rule for the court but its "discretion under the special circumstances of the case ;" and thus, there being no ap peal, no legal rights (for all would be swept away), the gre ttest injustice might be inflicted under the guise of public advantage. But a very serious qt.t.-tioa--arises also on the question of responsibility. Juries and public opinion are increasingly severe on rail way directors and officials—persdnal responsibility is de manded, and a bill is, or was, in contemplation to define it. Thus the Board of Trade is to regulate the manage ' menu, and the whole consequences of their orders (neces sarily issued on the report of parties who have only a theo retic knowledge of the subject) is to be visited on the un happy instruments of their will. Would any one submit to penal consequences under such a system? The practical results of this bill would be to check that growing tendency to self-adjustment which in spite of the numerous difficulties interposed by complexity of interests created by Parliament, has already cured many of the evils complained of, and has largely extended the benefit of through communication by continuouslines; would increase jarrings and jealousies between the companies themselves and between tho companies and the Government ; would incalculably increase litigation and expense by perpetual application to Chancery ; would swell the working ex penses of railways ; delay the trains ; introduce uncer tainty in transit ; and, in fine, render the safe working. of the railway system, which. is already somewhat diffi cult, pretty nearly impossible. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. MANSION-HOUSE.— William. Russell, a person in the employment of Mr. Cooke, of Goodman's-yard, tal low welter, was brought up for re-examination upon the charge of having whipped a poor lad, aged eleven years, named Charles Bryant, in the eye. The complainant, who it is feared will lose the sight of his eye, was in a cart with a man who was driving it shout a fortnight ago in Cheapside. The defendant in opposition to the street regulations, drew his horse in front of the cart, but was passed by the driver and, ex• asperated at the check, cut with his whip at the driver with desperate violence. The whip missed the person for whom it was intended, but almost cut the eye out of the boy, who still remains in the hospital in a very bad ,tate. The defendant attempted to justify his conduct by asking why the driver of the cart drew across him in the street. Sir R. W. Carden said the conduct of the defendant was in every respect brutal, and remanded the case for a week in order that some arrangement serviceable to the complainant might be made in the interim. Joseph Keefe, servant to Messrs. Dawson and Co., of Sherburne-lane, and Cannon-street, newspaper agents, was brought up, charged with having stolen the sums of 31. ls. 6d. and 71. 103., the property of his employers, with which he had been entrusted. The money, it appeared, had been given by the cashier of the prosecutors to the prisoner for the purposes of the establishment, and misappropriated by him. The prisoner said he had unfortunately taken it into his head to drink very largely after be had received the money, and upon recovering from his intoxication be found himself at Reading with no more than ss. in his pocket. Committed for trial. MARLBOROUGH-STREET.—A well-dressed wo man, who gave the name of Mary Brown, was charged with having picked the pocket of a lady named Gar ratt, residing at No. 51, Porchester-terrace, Bays water. Mrs. Garratt said on Saturday afternoon she was walking in Regent-street, when the prisoner and another female came before her, and after proceeding some distance suddenly turned round, and the pri soner put her hand into her (complainant's) pocket, and took her purse, which contained three half so vereigns and some silver. The prisoner and her companion walked away. She followed, and touching the prisoner's arm, begged her pardon, and said she had picked her pocket. The prisoner affected to be indignant at the charge, and her companion also denied that any thing wrong had been done. The prisoner's companion then went close up to the prisoner, and complainant dis tinctly saw the prisoner pass the purse to her. The pri soner told her she was quite willing to be searched. Complainant answered that would be of no use, as she had seen her give the purse to her companion. The pri soner then said if complainant would forgive her she would give the purse up. The prisoner's companion gave her the purse, and then went away. The prisoner called a cab, but complainant told her she would not allow her to escape, and when the cab came up she compelled the driver to drive them to the station house, where she made the charge against the prisoner. The prisoner's solicitor cross-examined Mrs. Gar ratt, but could not succeed in shaking her testimony in the slightest degree. Mr. Bingham complimented Mrs. Garratt on her pre sence of mind, and the great judgment she had dis played throughout in such a trying situation, and in her evidence before the court. The prisoner was fully committed. William, Turner was charged with having uttered serveral forged 51. bank notes to various tradesmen. John Lowe, landlord of the Grosvenor Arms, said the prisoner came to his house on the 10th of February, and ordered half a gallon of gin, remarking that he was a customer of the late landord's. The prisoner handed him what purported to be a Si. note, and received the change. The next case was for passing a forged Si. note to Mr. William Thornback, landlord of the Red Cross public house, on the 10th of March. The offence was committed under precisely the same circumstances as in the first case. The third case was for passing a forged 51. note to Sarah Horn, landlady of the Three Tuns public-house, Portman-square, in payment of a pint of brandy. Mr. Henry Wybird, Bank of England inspector, proved that all the notes were forgeries. The prisoner was fully committed. Inspector Whall, the senior inspector of the C divi sion, a very steady and active officer, intimated to the magistrates of this court that his connexion with the police ceased from that day, he having served the full time, retiring with full pension and first-class certificate. The magistrates paid the inspector a just compliment for the mode in which he had discharged his duties through. out his period of service. THAMES. —Niel M 'Clean, 29, a seaman and pas senger on board the Joshua, from Australia, was charged with stealing 60 ounces of gold-dust on board that ves sel whilst on the high seas. When taken into custody there was found in his possession one bag, containing eight small pieces of gold, •ne large piece of gold, eight sovereigns, three pieces of quartz, one gold pin, five gold studs, and a cigar-case. Mr. Wontner, for the prosecution, said he attended on the part of Mr. Thomas Nauntin Virtue. whose ( father resided at Amersham-park, Newington, and there was something peculiar in the features of the case. His client, like many other young gentle men, had been smitten with the gold mania, and had gone out to the diggings, where he realised gold dust and nuggets to a considerable amount. Whilst at the pursuit he and eight friends dug a shaft to the depth of 100 feet, and in one day realised gold to the value of 1,0001. Having been so successful, he resolved to see his friends in England, and took his passage from Melbourne in the Joshua. The prisoner was also a passenger in the same vessel, and had a berth beneath his. Mr. Virtue kept his gold dust in a cigar case covered over with a quantity of shag tobacco, and left it in his berth. In about three days after leaving Mel bourne, he missed his box, and on informing the captain a search was made, but it was nowhere to be found. Shortly after Mr. Virtue missed a bottle of gin from his berth, and seeing the prisoner drunk suspected that he had not only stolen the gin but the gold dust and nug gets also. On missing his property, Mr. Virtue de scribed the gold dust and nuggets to the captain and pas sengers. It would be shown that the carpenter of the Joshua saw the prisoner throw something like a cigar case overboard, and that he had given a woman named Levi, who would probably be yet forthcoming, she being one of the passengers, a quantity of gold dust to take charge of. The prisoner, in course of conversation, showed Mr. Virtue a nugget which the latter felt satis fied had formed part of his stolen property. The pri soner's belt, in which he bad his gold, was then examined, and the captain, as well as the passengers to whom Mr. Virtue, on discovering his loss had described his pro perty, at once expressed their opinion that it tallied with the description. It was thence inferred that he had given his own gold to the woman Levi, who is not as yet forthcoming. Mr. Virtue had procured most of his gold at Balarat, and the gold found on the prisoner was of that quality. The prisoner said that he, too, had been at Ballarat, but when questioned as to the place showed himself totally ignorant of the locality. Mr. Virtue was then called, and gave evidence con firmatory of the above statement. Witness, after his loss, and when his suspicions against the prisoner were excited, asked the prisoner to show him his gold, but he replied, "No, I have been put up to that." Mr. Ingham—What did he mean ? Witness—l suppose that he had been put on his guard. He told me he got most of his gold at Califor nia, and about forty ounces at Ballarat, whereas the gold found upon him had very little Californian, the principal part being the produce of Ballarat and Ben digo. The prisoner, who was given into custody on the ar• rival of the vessel on this port on Saturday, when called on for his defence, said he wished to have the case re manded, so that he could procure professional assist ance. He insinuated that it was a trick on the part of the prosecutor to cheat him out of his gold, and that to prosecute it he bad requested Mrs. Levi to show him his (prisoner's) gold. The case was remanded until Friday. PRIVATEERING.— This savage business—the destruc tion or confiscation of private property in war—has, we trust, received its death-blow. England and France have both decid e d no t t o i ssue l etters o f marque to Americans ; and it is believed that our Government has expressed to those Powers its determination not to to lerate the fitting out of privateers within its jurisdiction to operate against the vessels of either of the belligerents. If this determination should be faithfully carried out, it will obviate the greatest danger which exists, of our being ultimately involved in the conflict. A few yee.rs ago the United States. was, at war with Mexico. Our commerce was floating on every sea, and if privateers had been fitted out in England and France, or either of them, with letters of marque from Mexico, the damage done to our commercial interests would have been im mense. But duri ng th e w h o l e o f th at war no t a s ingle American merchantman was captured on the high seas. This shows that the English and French Governments afforded no countenance to such acts of robbery nay, that they exerted their influence to prevent them. The United States now has an opportunity to return the compliment. By all means let her do so, not merely because it is a just reciprocity, but because it i s r i g h t i n it se lf, an d it s opposite is wrong. A convention between the United States and England and F rance i s p r obably under negotiation at this moment, which will henceforth prevent priva teering, and will also establish by mutual consent the principle long contended for by the United States, that neutral ships make free goods, except contraband of war. The admission of this principle on the part of the bel ligerents will create an immense demand for our ves sels during the w a r, both steamers and it sailing ves sels. For a ll f re i g ht s and passengers,will give our vessels a decided preference over English, French, Russian, and, in fact, over the vessels of any other nation. We hope our people, as well as our Govern ment, will have the wisdom to use their privileges without abusing them. We must expect some annoy ances here and there, growing out of the war ; but if we are patient and forbeariqk even under provocations (which we can well afford to be), they will not harm us. As lookers-on, and perhaps ultimately as an umpire be. tween the belligerents, the United States has its proper Work to perform, and we trust will not be found want ing.-7 New York Town? of Oommerce. ' THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, MAY 2, 1854 , BILL. Mr. CARDWELL moved that this bill be committed pro forma, in order to insert amendments. He had been in communication with the principal railway companies, and he thought he should be able to make some changes in the machinery of the bill that would make it carry out its objects in a better manner. The bill then passed through committee pro forma. WITNESSES BILL. Mr. I. BUTT moved the second reading. The ATTORNEY-GENERA.Id said the object of the measure was to enable courts of justice to issue subpoenas to persons residing in any part of the Tinited Kingdom ; but it contained no ma c hi ner y f or th e en f orcemen t of such subpoenas. It would be better to adopt the plan of requir ing the court in whose jurisdiction the witness lived to in dorse the writ. Mr. BUTT promised to insert a clause in committee for that purpose, and after some conversation, The bill was read a second time. WAYS AND MEANS. The report of the Committee on Ways and Means was brought up and agreed to. DUBLIN PORT BILL. This bill passed through committee. THE MILITIA LAWS. Lord PALMERSTON moved for leave to bring in a bill to amend the militia laws. The bill was intended to alter the law in one respect only. By the act of 47th Geo. 111. the crown had the power of embodying the militia only in case of an invasion or danger thereof, or in c ase o f re b e lli an . In the present stat e of things, considering how large a por tion of the regular army h a d b een sent abroad, and con sidering the time that must elapse before troops could be enlisted to fill their place, it was of importance that Go vernment should avail themselves of the service of the militia. He was happy to say that the country, though at war with Russia, was not in danger of invasion ; but it was important that the law should enable the crown to avail itself of the services of the militia. The object of the bill was to enable the crown to embody the militia whenever the country was in a state of war. He also proposed to take power, that if the militia were called out, and there should be occasion for continuing it for 56 days, that that should be done without the necessity of giving fresh notice. Sir J. Y. BULLER said he was sure there would be no objection on the part of the officers or the privates in the militia to go into service either for 28 or 56 days, but there was one matter to which he would call attention. For merly, when the militia was called out, the wives and families were relieved by the parish. Since the new poor law they had only a workhouse order; and as it was im possible to maintain them out of the pay of the men, that was a great hardship. Another point was with regard to the depots, which at present were insufficient, and if the deputy-lieutenants ordered anything to be done, the quar ter sessions had not author ity to pay for it. Colonel KNOX suggested that the militia should be en couraged to volunteer into the!army. But he knew an in stance in which a colonel advised his men not to enlist. Mr. GROG AN asked if the Irish militia would be called out. . Lord PALMERSTON said he intended to bring in a bill to consolidate the militia law when the matters spoken of by the hon. baronet would be considered. It was not intended to call out the Irish militia at present. It was not desirable to incur an unnecessary expenditure at present. Sir J. YOUNG said it had been determined to increase the pay of the Irish constabulary 45,0001. a year. The bill was then brought in and read a first time. Mr. BEAMISH moved that the returns relating to the Grand Canal (Ireland), ordered 17th March, be laid before the house forthwith. _ _ Mr. MOFFATT said it was a question between two pri vate companies, and he moved that the order be discharged. Colonel DUNNE hoped th'at the house would enforce this order. Mr. P. O'BRIEN said that inasmuch as this return arose merely out of a dispute between two railway com panies, he thought that the house ought not to call for these papers. Mr. CARDWELL thought that this matter arose out of an attempt by a railway company to effect an arrange ment for taking the grand canal, which Parliament a year or two ago refused to sanction, but which it appeared had now been effected by private arrangement. Under these circumstances he thought it might bequestionable whether these returns could be viewed merely as private matters. Mr. MOFFATT, upon this explanation, withdrew his amendment, and The returns were accordingly ordered. The house then adjourned at five minutes to 1 o'clock. BALANCES IN THE EXCHEQUER. —A parliamentary paper moved for by the Chanceller of the Exchequer shows the state of the public balances remaining in the Exchequer on the sth day of April, 1854. It appears that on the sth of April, 1853, the balances in the Exchequer were 7,859,2691. 16s. 3d, No money was raised during the year by the creation of Funded Debt. The Unfunded Debt embraces the following amounts : Exchequer bills, 17,742,5001., authorised by 16th Vict., c. 25; 5,890,504, ditto; 7,418,5001., ditto; and ap plied in aid of money grants, 3,128,0001. Total of the above Exchequer bills, 16,437,0001. Exchequer bills on credit of the Consolidated Fund, in part of 10,634,0871. 2s. 4d., 790,000/. ; total Exchequer bills, 17,227,000/. ; Exchequer bonds, in exchange for Ex chequer bills, 405,9001. ; excess of income over expend-- ture 3,524,734/. 14s. 11d. Total, 29,019,9541. lls. 2d. The following are the issues during the year :—To the Commissioners for the Reduction of the National Debt, for the redemption of the same, 2,936,4181. 14s. Bd. ; deducting, however, the sum transferred t o th e redemp tion of Consolidated Fund Deficiency Bills, there remains 624,5621. 16s. 9d. applied to the redemption cif the National Debt. Under the head of Funded Debt ;it ap pears that 8,048,1301. 14s. 41, was issued to pay off the non-assentient South Sea Stock and other anne ities under the 16th and 17th Victoria, chap. 23 and .132. Under the bead of Unfunded Debt 3,134,4001. was issued out of Ways and Means grants applied to pay off supply Exchequer-bills ; 13,309,0001. Exchequer-bills in payment of supply-bills, and 408,9001. Exchequer bills in lieu of Exchequer -bonds. The advances for local works under various acts of Parliament were 2,467,835 L the E "l x e c h li e P q u u r e P r 18s. 2d. ; leaving, after the repayments of advances to the amount of 1,751,3231. Os. 7d., an exccess of advances' 0 0 5 n e5 t , he 0f 5th 71 A 6 p ,5 6 1 1 21 .8 1 5 1 4 5 :2 7 , d 7 . 7191 1 . 34 8. 1r ,8 ce 5 5 0 in . Total as before, 29 • • 019951/ 2d . ) SPORTING INT.ELUGENCE. NEWMARKET FIRST SPRING MEETING. MONDAY.—MATCII „AU. M. 100, h ft. Duke of Bedford's Nathan, by Paragone, 4 yrs, Bst 71b (Rogers) 1 Lord Glasgow's g by Assault—Miss Norton, 4 yrs, 7st 111 b Betting-7 to 2on Nathan. Nathan waited until they were half way down the Busheshill, when he went up and took the lead, and the race ended in his favour by a length. HANDICAP SWEEPSTAKES, of 20 soya each, h ft if de clared, &c., for 3-yr-olds and upwards. T.Y.C. Six subs, one of whom (Epaminondas, 3 yrs, ist 71b) paid 10 sous ft. Mr. Combe's Testy, by the Nob, 3 yrs, Est 121 b (S. Steggles) 1 Mr. Stevens's Lady Flora, 4 yrs, Bst 71b (Yates) 2 Sir R. Pigott's Folly-o'-the-Day, 3 yrs, 7st Mr. E Batson's Cock Pheasant, 4 yrs, Bst llb (Sly) 4 Lord Clifden's Chedd ar , 4 yrs, Bst 71b (Flatman) 5 Betting-5 to 2 agst Lady Flora, 3to 1 agst Testy, 7 to 2 each agst Cock Pheasant and Folly-o'-the- Day. Won easily by two lengths, a length between second and third, and a head between third and fourth. Ched dar was two or three lengths astern. SWEEPSTAKES of 200 sCvs. each, h. ft., for 3-yr-olds ; fillies, Bst 71b each ; those by untried stallions or out of untried mares allowed 31b, but only one allowance. D. M. 10 subs. Mr. Treen's Ladybird, by Birdcatcher, Bst 71b (Flatrnan) 1 Lord W. Powlett's Miss Charlotte, B s t 41b ...(Rogers) 2 Lord Exeter's Miranda, Bst 71b (Norman) 3 Mr. Howard's Moresca, Bst 716 ...(Wells) 4 Betting— 7 to 4 agst Ladybird ; 5 to 2 agst Miranda. Ladybird sped away home at a good pace, Miranda lying second to halfway in tie cords, where she was passed by Miss Charlotte, who made a good effort, but was beaten cleverly by half a length. Bad third. SWEEPSTAKES of 50 sovs, each, for foals of 1851 out of mares that never bred a winner ; colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 31b ; those by stallions that never got a winner allowed 31b. A.F. 8 subs. Mr. Howard's Scythian, by Orlando, Bst 71b...(We115) 1 Duke of Bedford's Weathercock, by Weatherbit, Bst 71b Mr. Payne's Boer, by Van Tromp, Bst 41b (Flatman) 3 Betting —5 to 2 on Scythian. The favourite with Weathercock well laid up, made all the running, was never headed, and won by three quarters of a length. Bad third. HANDICAP PLATE of 501., for three-yr-olds and upwards. R.M. Mr. Mare's Ariosto, by Orlando, 6 yrs, Bst 1216 (Rogers) 1 Count Batthyany's Capt. Flash, 5 yrs, Est 101 b (Wells) 2 Capt. Lane's John of Bruges, 3 yrs, sst 121 b (Garvey) 3 Mr. Osbaldeston's Vera, 3 yrs, sst 131 b (Hughes) 4 Betting-6 to 4on Ariosto, 3to 1 agst John of Bruges. Won by three-quarters of a length. Bad third. MORNING BETTING. THE Two THOUSAND. At first 6 to 5 and 100 even were taken about Boiardo, but before the ring broke up 11 to 8 was Laid against hill. 3 to 1 taken about Ruby, 7 to 1 offered apt Alembic, and 10 to 1 agst Middlesex. THE DERBY. sto 1 agst Autocrat (taken tc 1001.) AFTERNOON BETTING. TWO THOUSAND GUINEAS STAKES. 6to 5 agst Boiardo (5 to 4 taken to some money) sto 2 agst Ruby (taken). Bto 1 agst Middlesex (taken and offered). Bto 1 agst Alembic. 20 to 1 agst Her►nit (offered). sto 2 on two (offered). Ruby and Hermit arrived this afternoon. An objec tion has been entered against Ruby, and his mouth is about to be examined. CHESTER CUP. 10 to 1 agst Newminster (offered). DERBY. sto 1 agst Autocrat (taken). 6to 1 agst Dervish (to 200/.). 30 to 1 agst Hospodar (to 2001.). 1,000 to 30 agst Canute (taken). 40 to 1 agst Alembic (to 501.). 45 to 1 agst Boiardo (taken). • Attendance and sport only moderate. Weather very windy and showery during the morning, but fair and favourable throughout the afternoon. Ground in capital condition. ADDITIONAL SCRA.TCHINGS. TUESDAY. SWEEPSTAKES of 300 sovs. each.—Alamode, Exhibi tion, and Warbler. COFFEE-ROOM STAKES.—Dandelion. 2,000 GUINEAS.—First Lord, Paxton, Mandricardo, Mortimer, Bay Maresfield, Usquebaugh (dead), Marble Hill, Baalbec, Blight (dead), Ortolana, Coup d'Etat, Apollonius, Swiftsure, Astolfo, Helmet, Dr. O'Toole, Belgrave, John of Bruges, Baron Treuck, Incubus, Firebrand, Brother to Maid of Masham, Olive Oil colt, Mirabeau, and Tros, WEDNESDAY. SWEEPSTAKES of 50 sovs. each.—Heathfield. THURSDAY. SWEEPSTAKES of 100 sous. each.—Dervish. 1,000 GUIYEAS.—Spicey, Durindana, Ftemorße, Lady Grimston, Mabel, Lovebird, Mcesia, Streatlam Fairy, Miss Sellon, Beauty, and Lady Lotty. FRIDAY. NEMIARKET STAKES. — Alandrica , rdo,Bobby,Hannibal, and St. Stephen. NEWMARKET RACES—Tars Dar. Eight races are set for this day. The first at 1.30 ; the Two Thousand at 3. RACING FIXTURES FOR 1854. MAY. Newmarket F S Chester Spring 9 1 Lothians& Edinburgh 11 • Newmarket S S l6 Shrewsbury l3 Lothians and EdinburghlB Lewes l9 Bath .23 Liverpool Hunt Spring ..24 Epsom 30 Manchester Ascot Heath... l3 Newcastle•on-Tyne 20 Hampton 2l Carlisle 26 JU TE. Bibury 2B Stockbridge 29 Ludlow 30 Winchester 3O Newmarket Worcester 4 Lancaster 6 Mansfield ll Liverpool l2 Ipswich 13 AUGUST. Brighton Brighton Club 4 York 23 Wolverhampton Yarmouth 8 Eccles Reading Odi ham 9 Derby 29 North Staffordshire 9 I Plymouth 30 Wolverhampton l4 Lincoln 3l SEPTEMBER. Stourbridge l7 Stamford Nottingham 2O Goodwood Ripon 31 Warwick .19 Lichfield Western Meeting 7 Manchester Autumn ...21 Roehesterand Chatham 7 Lanark ,,,,25 Doncaster 12 Newmarket F 0 9 6 Pontefract 18 Northallerton 2B RETURN OF THE GREAT BRITAT --4 The screw steam- s hi p G reat Britain, which took bet departure hen ce f or M e lb ourne on Saturday', at Ile. ) °:d under the m os t f avoura b le circumstances, was to put back, when off Holyhead, owingto a !nisi ) * some new descripti on of pipit).- connected with her.ule; chinery. Although the accident was not of a sera)! nature, Captain Gray, after consulting with the ength eer ,:, considered it his duty, at the commencement of , voyage, to retur n to port, and thus prevent the poo lity of further accident taking place. As the Gre e to s Britain will h ave to go i nto the gravincr-dock, a n ' 11 discharge a cons id era bl e portion of her cargo , she lead be detained for some days. Thou g h th e report cause, by the bursti ng o f the pipe was loud, it was unheard , I . ° unheeded by th e passengers, who were not aware of t! cause of the return until informed by the officers o f the ship. This is one of tho-e accidents' ao•ainst which Pre vision cannot b e ma d e ; and no blaine,''con:eve" t,7 i ' e l attached to th e owners, or those wh o h ave superinten u b• her arrangem en t s and fittings. —Liverpool Al zo )2 , of Y et terday. SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE. LIVERPOOL, MAY 1. The Break of Day, hence to Boston, was spoken April 21, lat. 47, long. 49, putting back to the nearest port, hav ing lost all her topmasts, foreyard and jibboom, in a gale, April 17. The Albion, from Virginia, at this port, while lying-to under close-reefed maintopsails during a heavy gale from S.E., April 9, was thrown on her beam ends, and lay for five hours, when she was got before the wind and righted, with 7 feet of water in her hold. The Charles Buck from New Orleans, was in contact with another vessel, April 25, about 200 miles W. of Cape Clear, and had her bow badly stove, with loss of anchor and chain and part of head gear. The other vessel lost bowsprit head, &c. The Great Britain (screw steamer), which put back yes terday, was expected to be able to clock to-night for re pairs ; in which case she will be able to resail in ten days. If she cannot dock it may be a month before she is ready. The Shackamaxon, from hence, is ashore about 40 miles from Philadelphia. The Scotland, hence for Mobile, has arrived at Belfast, with damage, after being in contact with the Colbert, from Calcutta for lavre, which sunk ; crew saved. DEAL, May I.—Arrived--Robert, from St. Vincent ; Mercy, Brixham, both for London.—The bar que St . Geneve, of Port Glasgow, from Callao, for Leith, drove down close to her Majesty's steamer Penelop e , and was obliged to slip from anchor and chain to avoid collision, and is being supplied with others hence. SOUTHAMPTON, April 29.—The Marco Polo, from Liver. pool, which was on shore at Melbourne, Jan. 30, had been hove off the strand there, and taken up into Hobson's Bay. The vessel had made no water since being on shore, and did not appear to have sustained much injury. ELSINEUR, April 27.—The following vessels have this morning taken refuge in the harbour in consequence of the war, viz. :—Juno, of Nye Carleby, from Lisbon • Gustav, of Uleaborg, from Li verpoo l ; and the Sirjrid P (brig), of and from Cette. Her Majesty's steamer Tribune, with three Russian vessels two brigs and one schooner) in tow, passed this afternoon northwards. COPENHAGEN, April 27.—The Ida has been captured by the English, and is now passing this port as a prize. VESSELS SPOKEN WITH. The Callender, from Liverpool, for Boston, March 23, in lat. 46 N., long. 21 W. The Moses Wheeler, from Calcutta for Boston, Feb. 12, in lat. 25 S., long. 53 E. The Defiance, New York to Liverpool, April 13, lat. 41 N., long. 70 W. The Wizard, Malta to Singapore, March 16, lat. 13 S., long. 25 W. _ _ The Haithe, steering S.E., April 5, lat. 26 N., long. 47 W. - • - - The Richardson, Coquimbo to Swansea, April 7, lat. 26 N., long. 50 W. The Asia (s), Liverpool to New York, April 19, at mid night. The Sir John Franklin, Baltimore to Liverpool, March 9, lat. 43 N., long. 41 W. A ship, supposed the G. B. Lamar, London to New York, April• 7, lat. 48 N., long. 47 W. The Ellen Oliver, bound to Liverpool, supposed from Mobile,.April 24, lat. 44 N., long. 31 W. ; St. Vincent (brig), standing East, same day. Tho David, Loam to Quebec, April ist, 48 N COUNTRY MARKETS. CHELMSFORD --APRIL 28. There was a rather large supply of wheat on offer t5.18;15: and superior samples barely maintained last week's Pr I 4 ;II Second-rate qualiti es th e t urn l owe r . Spring cor n ().` kinds dearer. 9i Prices to-day were ns f o ll ow : —W heat, white, o ld 6 t to 84s Od, new 69s to 81s ; red, old 578 to 80s, new 5 1,„ 80s ; barley, 27 s t o 35 s ; c h eva li er, 33s to 38s ; gr in ' A ts, 21s to 30s ; malt, 61 s t o 65 3 ; c h evalier, G4s to 6S, ; 26s to 31s ; peas, partridge, 39s to 44s ; white, 475 boiling 54s to 6.'s ;,dun, now, 39s to 41s ; beans, tick, to 43s ; Harrow ticks, 38s to 43s ; Mazaga,n, 395 to 403.- OOLCHESTER —Arnm 29. The wheat trade to-day ruled dull, and, excepting tj finest samples , prices were i s p er qr. lower. /331.1:11 better demand, and sellers h a d th e a d vantage. B r an' peas again the turn dearer. ggi Prices to-d.iy were as f o ll ow :—Wheat, white, 76s ''°olo,; red, 72s to 84 s ; b ar l ey, 34s to 3Ss ; oats, 28s to 33-3 • ~ es s, Mazagan, 3Ss t o 4:ls ; middle and small, 443 to 483; white, 56s to 60s ; grey, 42s to 449. Official Statement of the Quantities of Corn, &c., in the port of London, fro m th © f o l lowing po the 24th to the 24th April, both inclusive. received its, f_ t . ? .; m I Es, ° • Colchester Harwich , Leigh Maldon 255 3 300 i--: %, 6 i i __B3s 50 9; 761 - - 207 73, - - 221 639 ( 106, 39 75 1451 251 oo p 2is(> XIRKCALDY—APRIL 29. Here, to•day, w e h a d somew h at limited supplies 0f 0 kinds of grain. Sales slow. The market finished de s for all sorts. Wheat. j I Barry.. Oats. j B e3 lci First Second Third 6s Oatmeal, per bag of 2801bs imperial, 48s Od to 52s Oci. COAL MARKET.—MAY 1. Prices of Coal per ton at the close of the market :•."' Carr's Hartl e y ... 8. . d. Wallsend, So. 5; r. 19 6 9 Hol ywell 17 9 Braddyll l7 18 6 6 Howard's West H ar tl ey Hetton Neth erton 19 0 Haswell 16 9 Longridge's Wst H ar tl ey l9 6' Polisher .... . l 9 Ravensworth Hartley ...19 6 Russell's .lietton ......... 1 , 78 6 Tanfield Moor l7 9 Stewart's ................... 6 6 Tanfield Moor Butes 17 9 , Denison .................... • " 3 Tyne Hartley l5 6 H eugh Hall l7 6 Wylam 17 3 West Kelloe ......... o ..... 17 , South Hartlepool,.... ••• 17 3 17 6 South Kelloe 9 Tees ...... . IS, 0 9 Birehgrove . draigola ° 6 6 Cowpen 3 Derwentwater Hartle . y. g 0 3 1 Skiborweu Merthyr ..... .- Wallsend, &c. 8011 and Brown 16 rlarton l6 Johnson l6 Bell's Primrose 16 Eden Main l7 SEABORNE MAILS. ole (N 6ignifles that the m a ll s are sent from the General Pow' by tha night—atid AI by the morning—ticipatea.) Whe 6 Day when made u. From wn, - , -10 COUNTRIES. in General Post- Port du' i Odlce, London.* Dis:m tcheo ElVlair • ..... 0 ----•----- ------- - --. -------71 America(byllrit.pack)N Every'Frld ay .... Liverpool . Each Win' America (by United Sts. packet) ..........N May 2 .......... Liverpool .. April ',1•6 America (by U States packet) ......... N April 25.. .• ..... Southampton'MaY 4 Australia (via South.. 29 ampton) .......... Al r\Sav 4 ....• .... • Southampton M a Y Ditto (via Mal seines) N ; May 8 .. Dover .. . ~I.,tne 4 Ditto (via ilape of Goodl I 1 rerta l Hope) ............ N June 1.. .. , Africa (West Coast) .. N rt3d of the month . iPlyrnouth ..lApril , ' , 1 9 Alexandria .......... NlB, 0, 24, &30of to !Dover ...„ ) '- 4V Alexamiria..........M 4th & 20th of moi.. .?•outhatcpton ~ Bahamas ........... NI 17th of the motw !s , mthamptolo: ay I -Belgium ............N 1 [tatty.. ~ ........ Dover ...... Daily Brazil ..............3i 9th of the month ..iSoutnamol, May 1 6 Buenos Ayre5........31',9th of the month . • ~ . ..lotittlant-L,,:r Mry 16 Cape of Good (lone .. N :14C, ot the in: mt 'Pi,,vitton , h .. I Cape of Good Hop e ..N 1 4th ot the tnont h. Sontinunoton Cepe de Verds ......N 14th ot the moat,: Southampton March ‘, -6 Ceylon (see 11l lia) I 1 Ceylon ..............N Ilth of the motif.' (April 2 6 . . , ~ ap Channel Isles ........N !Mon ~Wed.,&Ftlll- ; •mthamnton ,:l . "• ' .Sat. Chit: ... .. .......... 31 i3d & 17th ot moat ;5 4tt thitum ton 1 % 1 ay 1 China (see India) - I I Constantinople ......N17,8,17,21,807W ID . I Dover .... • • jA .4) --Pril 35 Constantinople ........!4th St 20th of rno,, 'SouttLimpio.,l ~ " , ,,,,D. cont. of Europe M & NiTwico daily ......IDov e r ...... Twice 6. Egypt (see India) ! 1 France ........ M & N, T w i ce d a i ly ...... Dove:.. .. •• I Tv'' , ''''„.lan,' Gibraltar .......... A 1,4, 7, 17,20, 27 o: In 1 5outtl.:mp,ofrMay 6 Greece (see India) 1 I Greytown .......... 9l2rid & 17th of mon.. Southampton May I Hamburgh ...........N i Tuesday & Frid a :London ..... I flavannah ..... ..... M 2nd of the moot: , Soatitarnpum ay I Holland ............M:Daily...... ~ ~..4)0 ve, ... .. „. M Dail , ' Honduras ..........IMl7th of the month Is. , n. ~a :n ow, May 16 India (vlaSouthampt.)M 4th & 20th of num.' Plym uth .. May 4 ... India (via Marseill es ) 3l Bth & 21th of mo ,t, Dover ~...• April 2 9 Io Irelannian Isles (see India ) q 9 7, 17, &21 of mon! D over...... ' ~ -aflid ........M & N:Twi ce laity ...., i [Lashed,' .. Twicca Li5h0n....... • • • ....M 7,9, 17, & 27 of m. Sotithainp• on 110 Y 6 Madeira ............3119th or the month 'Southampton May lii madeira ............ N ` . 13(1 of month .. . i Plymouth .. April 6 Malta (see India) I . Malta .. .. Mauritius (see India) I Mauritius •.........Nl4th of the mo n th !April ' 26 Mexico ••• • • • M!2nd of tho month. 'Southampton MaY I Naples . - . - N s thlth2sthofmon. Dover ...... ,Itny 2 New Granada AI !,2ci& 17th of month Southampton May . I 1 . New Z•e11and.......... liy private ship .. Various: port Inter Papal States N,sthiAth2,thonnon.:l Dover ...... IMaY 2 ,, Peninsula .... M rith 1 7th2Btholhoo n ;S ou th ampton MaY 7 Peru Port Natal ..........Nl4th of the month! Plymou th ..: Sicily ...............Nsthlsth2sthotmon,Dover ....., May 2 Tuscany Venezuela Van Diemen 's Land (see Australia) ........... i West Indies ...... 14,2 d !IL 1 7th o month •Southampton May I 'Southampton May * When any or these •lates fall oi a iunday, the mefle T: despatched on the following ch , y with the exceptimn of the Todi; Southampton), and the Malta, both of which will he despatched the day preceding. [ADVERTISEMENT. j— 1. most interesting recovery from a vast col; plication of dis eases , w ith out the ald of medicin e , i s rec , r d e d In following letter : " Bridgehouse, Frimley, 3d April, 1834. "Grateful for the benefit I have derived from Du Barry's B es ',! ' c i lenta Arabica Food, I feel it my duty to express tc, you my nn (eV; thanks for the invariable kindness I have met with at your hall: My case is an extra ordinary one, and as it may benefit ot' er f erers I think it but right to place its details at your dispool. O have suffered these 33 years continually from diseased lungs, pi W . ; Of blood, liver der angements, deafness, singing in the ears. coos` 4 . medicinepation, debility, sh ortness of breath and cough, and during that period taken so much medicine that I can safely say have laid 011 t ' upwards of a thous a nd p oun d s at the chem i st ' s an d doctor's. 1h" se e - ", actually worn out two m e di ca l men dur i n g m y ailments whhout ing any improvement in my health. Indeed I was in utter desoal; and never expected t o ge t over it, when I was f o rt una t e enoug h become acquainted with your Revalenta Arabica, which, Heaven "," praised, resto re d me t o a sta t e o f h e alth which long since despaire d of attaining. My lungs, liver, stoma h, head, and ears ar e a ll r ight , my hearing perfect, and my recovery is a marvel to all my acqusie.; tances.—l am, respectful. v, ...TAKES ROBERTS, Wood Me chant. In canisters, suitably packed for all climates, a•ni with f u ll insult° . tions-1 lb., 2s 9d ; 2 15., 4s 6d ; 5 lb., 11 , ; 12 lb., 22s ; super r e ,, fined, slb , 225; 10 lb., 335. The 10 lb and 12 lb. carriage free , receipt of Post-ollice order Barry, Du Harry, and Co., 77, Reactl; street, London; Fortnum, Mason, and Co., purveyors to her VI sie' t i l ' Piccadilly; also at 63, Oxford -street ; 61, Gracechurch-street ; o Bishopsgate street; 4, Cheapside ; 330 and 431, Strand. [ADVERTISEMENT.] HOLLOWAY'S PILLS FOR 0114 CURE OF LIVER COMPLAINTS, INDIGESTION, AND DIS°: DERED STOMACH. —Mr. Ri c h ar d H aynes, of her Majesty, Dockyard at Plymouth, for several years had not ha the enjoyment of a day's good health, constantly suffering from ind igest i on and liver complaint. He had the be' t medical advi ce f rom b ot h army and navy surgeons, but the disease yielded not to their treatment, and variou s other remedies were tried 'with a-like result. At last be began to use Holloway's pills, and this fine medicine b 3 so strengthened the tone of his stomach and invigorat ed his constitution, that he is most perfectly cured, and °l joys the best of h ea lth.—S o ld by a ll d rugg i sts, an d 3 t Professor Holloway's Establish men t, 244 , St r and, London. BIRTHS. OF A SON. •On the 28th ult., at Clapham-ri se , th e wife cf W • Clift, Esq. On the 26th ult., at the Royal Agricultural College' Cirencester, the wife of the Rev. J. S. Haygarth. OF A DAUGHTER. On the 27th ult., at Uppe r W arw i c k- s t ree t , Liverpool , the wife of Capt. It. Hutchinson. ; r e of On the 27th ult., at 54, Th ur l oe - square, t h e Matthew Baines, Esq., M.D. MARRIED. On the 29th ult., at West-street Chapel Dorking' IZ tho Rev. 3. S. Bri g ht, M . A ., Mr. John Gill Funned , ve 5 Great Compton street, Soho, London, to Martha, youn daughter of the l a t e M r. D avid Todinan, of Petersfiela. DIED. On the 29th ult., at Bute-house, Petersham, Caroline, Marchioness Dowager of Queensberry, aged 80. On the 27th ult , at Regent-terrace Edinburgh, A lin° Mary, widow of Col. D. Campbell, R.A. On the 29th ult , Mary Anne, second daughter of B. Dixon, Esq., of Limehouse. On the 28th ult., at Oxford-terrace, liyde•park, Longden, Esq., aged 35. oNDON• Printed and Published by MURDO YOU NG ' of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at The Sum Office, No. 11- Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the cone' of lii44lesexa luetictsn y 2, BOAR] or ste in a Respeeta from the coon Ole opportun Address—l' park. BRI" 11 1 HE P L of this largo School-t The chair M.P., and V.] The annual Place on the John Hu•isell Tickets Borough -road C 0 R NOTIC I Ra liva3 , hare, upon wive appoint, next, to clan 1 , 1,8 31essi And the required to p Interv,t at the date of p, relnah. log at All latereta on the whole A charge paid can, du. X•l3.—No Calls are pax Paid. Truro, 219 LAU 13 (Lum The at bos lind CZLE RR t AI roar Star w Lear-nt thi ki ns and. hiv. , A/aiming Ls') I , "al) . §ItAT RO l ZA 1 1.. AF A to 'the fit Of the TU propri ,1 1 1 a NE' 4 1:`,TURM DAILY I :PRO,'ES: - o'clock LI:CTUKE ELECTR Sunken V Open Mo Children un GL LIFE at Rates pa of Life. Prospects at the Oak R. Fl DESCRIP" Wires, or i as not to to they will n any teeth e traction of serve teeth and mastic tication. ALL ac that they their PAL Brewery, Eatabliehn 7Mesrs. to Private medical PI from all 11 PALE Al When ti its having G ' N other The Pac Term. Pier. Direct Omnil every qt BRUNS Fen ehuret, Street Seven , an,' C AP Ever 7% atSi k 11% 1 914 101 4 121 A 41;4 51 / _61,4 TOOT: $. Eetwe 1102 Three Pack Fas /tr, t street Api .3qm ape pre an, tef au(