The Sun. — London, England, 1863-09-26 00:00:00

TEE LEGISLATURE OF VIRGINIA, Governor Letcher delivered the following address to the Virginia Legislature on the 7th inst. : " E.xecutive Department, Richmond, Virginia, Sept. 7, 1863. " Gentlemen of the Senate and House of Delegates, — Ia this crisis I have deemed it advisable to convene you in extraordinary session, in order that the freshly chosen repr f sentatives of the people may consult and devise such measures as will be calculated to meet the existing emer g mcy in public affairs. The war has new been in progress for more than two years and a half, and has been prosecuted against us with a ferocity unparalleled in all past struggles between contending parties. It has been conducte for d e p f on the avowed principle of subjugat in g us, either by c arms or by visiting upon our people the horrors of famine. Hence it is that, toiled and. defeated again and again upon the field of battle, they have adopted the policy of desolating our farms, destroying our crops, burning our dwellings, stealing and carrying away cur property, leaving our wives and children to perish by the slow torture of starvation. It is no longer a war for the preservation of the old Union, as it was originally proclaimed to be; but it has degenerated into a war for the emancipation of our slaves ; and this ,urpose the administration at Washington propose to ac complish,f even if the extermination of the white race, of all ages, sexes, and conditions of the Southern Confederacy, shall be the result. We have no alternative, therefore,but to defend ourselves with all tha power, energy, and ability we can command. We must succeed, if we would be free and independent people, worthy of the illustrious ancestry from which we descended. To succeed, we must have union, harmony, concert, conciliation, courage, energy, and deter mined resolution on the part of rulers and people. We must cultivate one towards another the noble virtues of prudence. toleration, charity, and forbearance. With these general re marks I proceed to the consideration of such subjects as are of special interest at this time, and in ray judgment demand legislative action. The subject first in importance, so far as the Commonwealth is concerned, is the beat means of pro viding an adequate force for the local defence of the State against invasion or raid, and for the execution of the laws in case a resort to force shall at any time become necessary. The entire military force of the State has been absorbed by the conscription law, and we are thus left, in the time of greatest peril, with no militia organization for the defence of the Commonwealth. This want can be and must be sup- plied with as little delay as practicable. As to the plan of raising this force I am aware there is much diversity of opinion. The difference, however, is reconcilable, if the subject is considered and discussed in a patriotic spirit. Let a force,to consist of all able-bodied persons between the ages of 16 and 60, not in the Confederate service, be organized, corresponding with the force now organized in the cities of Richmond, Petersburg, and Lynchburg. Let them bo regularly enrolled. formed into companies, bat talk ns and regiments, and officered in such manner as will be most likely to secure efficient, intelligent, and energetic men. They should be drilled at proper intervals, so as to be well instructed in the evolutions and the manual, and pre pared for efficient service whenever the necessity shall arise. ' The act should aleo define what is local defence, as there is much contrariety of opinion in regard to it. Some think local defence consists in remaining at home, and under no circumstances to be taken out of the city or county in which the company is organised. This, in my view, is a most mis taken notion of the meaning of the term local defence;' and if it is to prevail will work great mischief, and render the organisation of little value in giving protection to our people. My opinion is, that if the city of Richmond can be defended more certainly 50 miles from it than immediately around or in it, that locality is the proper place for its de fence, and tho local militia should be required to make the defence there. The officer charged with the defence of any particular locality is presumed to be better acquainted with the mode of defending it, and the best point for defending it successfully, and he should direct all troops so as best to secure the ends desired. The object of such organisations should be to give adequate protection to all parts of the Commonwealth. We must not only provide for the defence of the counties, cities, and towns, by the local forces in and imm2diatelyaround them, but we must, under the law which is proposed to be passed, have authority to order others from contiguous counties to their aid and support. A force whose operations are to be confined by county, city, or town boundaries, can prove of but little value in checking raids or in executing and enforcing obedience to the laws. This organisation should be made to embrace the foreign population who are located among us. This foreign _ . Population may be said to consist of_ three classes. First, those who have been regularly naturalised, and who are therefore citizens embraced by our laws relating to the public defence ; second, those who are domiciliated among us, and have been living in our midst and prosecuting various branches of business, and who left their native land with no purpose or intention of returning to it ; and. lastly, those who are temporarily sojourning among us. The first class are in service under our militia laws, and the second should be required to go into service for public defence of the soil on which they reside. The latter class, who are sojourners, engaged in no regular business, should be exempt. I recommend therefore that in your legislation upon this sul ject the second class above referred to shall be clearly and distinctly embraced. On this subject I desire to present another recommendation in regard to the Act passed by your predecessors cn Nov. 20, 1862, authorising persons of certain religious denominations in the State to exempt them selves from military service in the war by the payment of 500 dols. each. Subsequently Congress passed an Act of like character, and these persons availed themselves of it and were discharged from liability to all military service in the Confederate army. I regard this provision as substan tially a violation of the constitution, inasmuch as it grants exemptions to certain classes of persons which are not granted to others. In this war all classes who reside among us should be required to perform duty of some sort, if they aro within the military age. If they are unwilling to bears arms there are various other duties connected with the army and the general defence which they can perform, and which they should be required to perform. They are citizens, property holders, to a large extent interested therefore in all that concerns other citizens, and should be required to perform their part. In some countries this class of persons are re quired to aid in the construction of fortifications. and I sea no just reason why they should not be required to do so here. This branch of defence must be maintained by some body, and if their religious convictions will not allow them to go into the ranks for the defence and maintenance of the common cause, why cannot they do this ? It will not do to say they are opposed to war, and can do nothing :that will tend to its prosecution, The law is based upon the princi ple that they are bound to do something ; otherwise they would not bo taxed the sum of 500 dollars each. That money goes into the Treasury, and is drawn therefrom to defray the expenses of the war; and to this extent, at least, they are aiding and supporting it. If they can aid to the extent of 600 dots. in money, can they not aid by labour or other service ? A state of war imposes a personal obligation upon every citizen within the military age, and he should be required to discharge it. When the country is invaded, our dwellings burnt, our lands laid waste, our property destroyed or carried away, our citizens imprisoned, it is their duty to step forward promptly and aid in repelling the invader. Ministers, and members of other religious denominations equally as conscientious, aro in the field. I recommend, therefore, that this law be repealed. The time has come when it is absolutely indispensable that we should omit no thing which promises protection to our people and success t , ) our cause. An unscrupulous enemy is pursuing us with B Pirit of malignity and vindictiveness that respects neither the rigllt, of persons nor of property. We must be active and " t iring in our efforts to rep el hint., and to accomplish this we must call forth all our ablo-bodied men, and prepare them for the most efficient service.. No .army can expect a continued current of success. We may, nu y, we must expect to meet reverses, and womust be prepared for them. Instead of disccuraging, they should only stimulate us to increased efforts—should call forth redoubled ens rg-y—should bind us more closely together, and inspire us •vit h a more determined spirit and courage, It our forefathers had perenitted reverses to crush their spirit er paralyse their energies and efforts, the American Revolution never would have proved a suc cess, and the independence of cur country would never have been achieved. They passed through storms and trials f ar greater than an y th at have f a ll en t o us ill this con test. The inert, old and sustained and supported the cause with hear t y goodwill, and as the clouds gathered and the prospect of success seemed to grew more despe rate and hopeless, they became mor e and more resolved and determined. The noble women of that day, while their fathers, husbands, and son s were eng€,,,,ad in fighting the battles and driving back the invader, planted and gathered the cr o p s b y w hi c h th e a rmy was sustainel. W e h ave not been reduced to such straits yet, nor is it probable we shaft be. But the women of the present day have slivv n a self sacrificing spirit, inducing them incessantly to Week, and showing that they are ready to emulate such an example. They have displayed a generous devotion, which. should awake the 611 1stgards and animate and cheer the gloomy and desponding. There are in all communities some people whose eyes always fall upon the dark side of every picture, and who are disposed to succumb at even the indications of disaster. It would be remarkable if we had not some such among us ; but it is gratifying to know that the number is very small, even in those portions of our State which have the encniy. Th e spirit and o)urage of the been overrun b y large mass of the people have never flagged. Each new wrong has inspired new resolution. Each now outrage has but nerved them for a more determined and desperate struggle in behalf of the cause. Virginia wont into this con test after the most serious and calm consideration—with a firm resolve to do her whole duty to herself and her Confe• denote sisters—to take all the consecluene: s , h owever hor rible they maybe. H e r people never quailed, n or h ave they murmured under the repeated wrongs and aggression s they have suffered. She was not the first to enter this struggle, nor will she be the first to sue for peace, tunless that peace shall be accompanied by an unqualified recognition of the I independence of the Southern Confederacy. The General Assembly, at its last session, prescribed that no Confede rate issues of a date anterior to April 6, 1£36i 1 , should be received in payment of State taxes. lam untable to com prehend either the wisdom or the policy of this legislation. It is calculated to impair confidence in the currency of the Confederate Government, and, indeed, in .almost the only currency in circulation in the greater port :on of the state. If these issues aro not to be receivable in payment of State taxes, it is inferrible, at least by those who are not fully informed in regard to such questim4. that it is because those lames are not as valuable as subsequent issues by the Government, or for some cause or other they have not been considered a safe or reliable circulating medium. No matter what caused the exo:us'ou, it is per fectly plain that the effect has been to depreciate the cur rency and to arouse in the public mind the suspicion that it will not ultimately be redeemed. Very few persons in ordinary business transactions stop to examine the particu lar date of a note which they are about to receive. Very few can remember the particular date of the note, discredited by the law. The consequence is, as soon as they ascertain that notes of some date are not receivable in payment of taxes, and they do not know which, they became shy of re ceiving any, and all are discredited. When they are told that some of the banks will not receive them on deposit, and ,hat some of the railroad and other transportation companies will not receive them for fare or freight, they of c urse re- fuse to receiyo them, and a general depreciation ensues, which it will be found next to impossible thereafter to pre vent. In very many cases this money has been paid to our soldiers, and by them sent home to ply their taxes. Son:e such cases have been brought to my knowledge; and the persons who were in this situation, on finding that it was not receivable in payment of State taxes, have very natu- rally complained. - if the money was good enough to pay the soldier, who receives but 11 dols. per month, why is it not good enough to satisfy the claim of the State when her agent applies for State dues ? We have no State bank cir culation, we have no State Treasury-note circulation, both of these descriptions of note having been hoarded as fast as they could be collected by moneyed men. The conse quence, therefore, is that the holders of the repudiated Confederate issues are driven to the necessity of shoving off those they have, in order to procure such as will enable them to meet the demands of the State. While it was not the intention of the Legislatuie to place the tax payers in this condition, such is inevitably its effect. They must have such money as will answer the rpounrs pose, and to obtain it they as have it, and must pay them such price in these rejected l must spray to such pe Confederate issues as will command it. The only l reason t n i have ever heard assigned in justification of thi h s .s e o gts on is that it was designed to force persons holdingitt f i roni urrenc to fund in Confederate bonds, and thus retire y man who had circu lation. This would all be very well of his family or the payment these issues in hand had no use sup portforttdhifeebmetveee.ritlhteurnffoorrttunheatolythat four-fifths of the happens, however, for this toA llretlhieevyeretchesiivredtahielyy cA3 ha m ve mu p n re it s y ent have an dnopmresonsehy3;olusue' 7verfsetr. wants and the wants of those an d e p i e na nd p e o n ss t i u bi p l o it n n th an en d n tne Find ing with all such is therefore cir culation thus rejected ff o cannot be desirous into compelthisvratyh.e fund ing, Con gress, n gress, feeling the difficulty, o uld be fundable should passed an act which provides that all notes of issues previous t o the Ist of December, 1862, in 8 per cent. bonds if presented by the 22d of April, 1863; if not presente d by that day, but presented before August 1, 1863, they were then fundable in 7 per cent, bonds; and these issues are not fundable at all after August Ist. Notes issued after Dec. 1, 1862, are fundable in 7 per cent. bonds until August 1, 1863, and after that date in four per cent. bonds. Notes issued after April 1, 1863, are fundable in 6 per cent. bonds if presented in 12 months from their issue, but if not so presented they are fundable in 4 per cent. bonds. This looks to me very much like a repudiation to some extent of the obligations assumed by the Government, and it is not, therefore, surprising that such legislation should have created uneasiness in the public mind, and aided in bringing about depreciation and a want of confi dence in the ultimate payment of these obligations. Other legislation on the part of Congress has tended strongly to produce the same conclusion in the public mind. The mode in which taxes are to be assessed upon credits in certain contingencies may be mentioned as one that tends directly to the discredit of the currency. Better far would it have been to make these issues a legal tender in payment of debts than to resort to a compulsory process like this to force its reception by the creditor; and while this is being done our Legislature is urged to reject the same paper issues in payment of State taxes. When the Government casts suspicion upon its currency, and the State Governments and the banks and railroad companies do the same thing, the people may well become alarmed. The consequences cannot fail to be most disastrous. We cannot change the action of Congress, but we can remedy the errors of our own legislation, and thus show that we are disposed to uphold the credit and currency of the Confederacy. I submit the report of Captain Edward H. Fitzhugh, now in charge of the Quartermaster-General's office, to which I in vite your attention. It presents a clear and succinct state ment of the condition of affairs in that office from the orga nisation of the State line forces to the present time, and will doubtless be read with great interest, especially when it is recollected that just before the State line troops were disbanded it was quite currently charged that the entire ap propriation had been expended. This report shows that the sum of 1,225,000 dols. had been drawn from the Trea sury for that department, and that since the force was dis banded 616,517 dols. 92c. had been refunded, leaving the actual cost of the State line forces, so far as that depart ment is concerned, 608,482 dols. Bc. Other property, now being collected, and which will be turned over to the Con federate Government, will further reduce the cost. No re port has been received from the Paymaster-General's de partment. . . On the 20th of August last a requisition was made upon me by the Secretary of War for 5,340 slaves, to work upon the fortifications around Richmond. Copies of the papers are herewith submitted to your consideration ; and I particularly invite your attention to the draught made upon the several counties. The apportionment upon the counties seem to be entirely arbitrary, and bears very un • equally. In some cases 5 per cent. of the slaves is called for, and in other cases less than 1 per cent. Thus, Amelia, with upwards of 7,000 slaves assessed with taxes in 1862, is required to furnish 50, while Allegheny, with less than 700, is required to furnish 30. The county of Albemarle, with 12,681, is called upon for 200, while Brunswick, with 9,212 is called upon for 250. The county of Augusta, with 4,430; is called upon for 80, while the county of Rockingham, with 2,161, is called upon for 100. Hanover, with 8,521, is called upon for 30, while Prince Edward, with 5,998 ; is called upon for 150. These examples will suffice to show how unequally this burden is distributed, and I trust that some amend ment will be made to the law which will afford protection against such inequality. The law requires that ' the value of such slaves as may escape from the Confederate authori ties and not return to their owners, or be seized or be killed by the public enemy, or may by want of due diligence on the part of the authorities of the Confederate States, in any manner be lost to the owners, shall be paid by the Conftdo rate States to the owners of such slaves, and in like manner compensation shall be paid for any injury to slaves arising from the want of due diligence on the part of the authori ties of the Confederate States.' Many cases of peculiar hardship arising from the loss of slaves have been brought to my attention, and mach complaint has been made by the owners in consequence of the fact that they have not received the value as provided for in this Act. In several cases the only slave capable of field labour that the owner possessed has been lost, and compensation not having been made he has been unable to supyly his place. If the value had been promptly paid the hardship in such cases would have been greatly relieved. 1 invoke your early attention to this sub ject, of so much importance to our common constituents. I have received a communication from the President of the Central Railroad, enclosing a report made to him by the superintendent on a subject of great importance to the road, and not less to the State and tha Confederacy. The demands for the transportation of passengers and freight over this and the other railroads of the State have been very great, and the roads have been severely taxed to meet them. So far they have fully met the demands, but it is apparent to any person who will pass over them that extensive repairs are now much needed, and must be made, or they will be broken up and rendered useless. Besides, great difficulty is experienced in procuring crossties and the necessary sup ply of wood for fuel. Labour is indispensably necessary to relieve them ; and, so far as legislation can aid them, I am satisfied it will be cheerfully extended. . . I communi cate herewith the reports of the board of visitors, the supe rintendent and the surgeon of the Virginia Military Insti tute, and I commend them to your consideration. They are deeply interesting, and notwithstanding the embarassmenrs of the time, they show that the institution is in a very flourishing condition. When the institution was re-opened it was seriously apprehended that it would be difficult, if not impossible, to procuro the requisite supplies for clothing and feeding the cadets; but I take pleasure in saying that the judgment and energy of the superintendent have over come all difficulties, and the operations of the school have been regularly kept up. The institution has strongly com mended itself to the fostering care of the General Assembly and the people of Virginia, and I cannot too earnestly press its claims upon your support and favour. I trust it will be your pleasure to adopt the recommendations made in the he check, a b e I n e i f i t reports, and thus place it upon a firm and enduring basis, and enable it gradually to extend the sphere of its useful ness. . . The extortioner is still pursuing his heartless traffic and amassing his gains. The war to him is a godsend, and he would not have it terminated for any earthly consi deration. Ho shares none of its hardships—he suffers none I of its dangers. He has perhaps hired a substitute who, for a Pecuniary consideration, agreed to be shot at in his place. Such me n are found everywhere throughout the Confede racy, and it i s time something were done to put an end to theirthis b r u u o j n o c e y t : 1,: the hope ki gh business at practical recommendation that wl w ouh o l u a dlvd have b o n v m e s a t k i go s e g o did not eradicate this evil. In the first volume of the Revised Code' of 1319, page 551, I find an act which was passed in 1777, entitled ' An act to prevent forestalling, regrating, engros sing, and public , venduos,' which, with very slight amend ments, would, if re-enacted, check in a great measure this growing evil. I invite your attention to it, and recommend that some similar act be passed at this session. The finances of the State are in a highly prosperous condition—much more prosperous, indeed, than could have been anticipated under the circum stances which surround us. The numerous demands made upon the Treasury have bees promptly met and satisfied. Our revenue is increasing, and the people, with that noble spirit which has ever charaeterised Virginians, cheerfully pay their taxes, and thus maintain the credit and uphold the character of the Commonwealth. • • ' Rau/ LETCHEB," THh SON. LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, SEPTEMER 26, 1863, THE ALABA.L►, (From the Cope sown Argus of .4vgitst 11.) During the whole of Saturday the Alabama 131 qnietlyatanchor eionTerabriaet:ly e B ie y, thahon7 bat h the s with t which had then become m n Valorous no longer alongside, that vessel having d ragged;her considerable distance t during leeward.g Fr idsy I night u th and e drifted a latter part of the day, although the weather was gloomy, a goodly number of visitors went off to the vessel, and were received with the courteou s urbanit y which distinguished the conduct of the officers of the ship towards the crowds who thronged around her on Thursday. His Excellency the Go veinor ha -Cog, as stated in oar issue of S aturday last, decided that prima facie there was no ground for his i n t e rference in regapart. Semmes d to the wascapture u of the by anyhrteSbeaßride, of mindthe of e the abstruse questions supposed by some peop l e t o _ be occupying the attention of his E xcellency the Go vernor and puzzling the brains of the Attorney- General. pairsen e r i a n l t . d hor o n Sunday morning Capt. Semmes w eighe anc , Having eeeffalepclteetdedheerne, Saturday early the h h e o r u e- r y had bama steered a south-west course, and s c arcel c l a o b c l k e B t h a e y A l o a b n a I m e a a v t i o n o g k t h h e e r b fi a r r s t t h d o e A p a l a r a t ti n re a f t r o 6 m e g th n e al n m o a r n thrwe on t s h t e , e l to si s L h i e on g ,s ot ß o u u m t p o m f a s d ig e h d t o w wn hen a s t a h i ed f e r r o a m l thesame and e c t subsequentlyion . merchant men—one the bark Ke dron, from Baltimore to this B Both th turned r another ned out t c o o m bei nFg port, with a consigned to Jamieson genera l cargo, and Co., and the othe r the whalin g schooner Charles C o l ga te, from New London to De s ol a t ion, which p u t in for repairs. The Alabama passed within a few miles of both. The signalman on the Lion's Hill had all the ships under his view at the same time. A fog bank between the steamer and the Federals prevented Capt. Semmes from getting a sight of his prey. On her passage to Simon's Bay the Alabama fell in with the American ship Martha Winzell, bound from Akyab to Falmouth, but she, not being three miles off the land at the time, was allowed to proceed on her voyage. Yesterday morning she put into Simon's Bay, where the Alabama also will remain for a few days to complete re pairs, and then will proceed to sea. She will pro bably cruise off l'Agulhas for some time in thehope of falling in with homeward bound American ves sels engaged in the China:trade. On Saturday the Confederate cruiser Tuscarora, Lieut. Low com mander, formerly the Conrad, of Philadelphia, cap tured by the Alabama, and converted by Captain Semmes into a tender to his ship, put into Simon's Bay for the purpose of refitting. She carries two guns and 10 men before the mast. About 14 days ago she fell in with the American ship Santee, bound from Rangoon to Falmouth, and captured her, but as the vessel was laden with cargo belong ing to British owners she was allowed to proceed on giving a bond of 150,000 dols. A few days after the Tuscaloosa fell in with the American China clipper ship Snow Squall, 800 tons, homeward bound. It was blowing hard at the time, and the Tuscaloosa, having fired at the Snow Squall with out bringing her to, made chase, but the latter be ing the fastest sailer escaped. The Cape Town Argus of August 20, says :—The Alabama sailed from Simon's Bay on Saturday last. The bark Saxon, from Algoa Bay, belonging to Messrs. William Anderson, Saxon, and Co., re• ports having been boarded by the Confederate stermer Alabama off the Cape. After inspection of the ship's papers she was allowed to proceed on her voyage, with an apology for her detention. The Saxon arrived in Table Bay on Monday. On Sun day afternoon the Confederate steamer Georgia, Captain Maury, entered Simon's Bay for coals and repairs. She appears to be an ordinary iron built packet boat, certainly not intended for a fighting craft, but having a good crew, and armed with two Whitworth rifled guns aft, one large 56-gun for ward, and two 32's on her quarter-deck; and, being a fast sailer, is well suited to capture mer chant ships, and run from war vessels of superior armament but inferior speed. On the 25th of April she captured the ship Dictator, of New York, bound to Shanghai, with coal. After burn ing the Dictator, she proceeded to the Cape Verd Islands to land her prisoners. As she got into the entrance of the harbour of St. Vincent, she dis covered a man-of-war with the American colours flying ; put about, and went to the north side of the island, where she lay until dark, and then stood out for sea. On the 13th of May she arrived in Bahia, where the Alabama was lying at the time. From Bahia she proceeded down the South American coast off Cape Trio, in sight of land, she captured the George Griswold, which vessel had a British cargo on board, and was therefore bonded. The Georgia then proceeded to the island of Trinidad, on her way capturing the barque Good Hope, of Boston, bound to Agulhas, with a general cargo. Her captain had died some days before, and his body being pre served in salt, Captain Maury had it brought on a b t hn o e a d r committed oa t t nr h qr a e u ie G t t e el o d. r r W. s e t e a hv d e e t rd h e h e e po f v. O e n e Di r . n a u l r si s in e gg r h v tt ie o , c hae n d vr e w i a t, service s chased by the Georgia. She was from Boston, bound to the Amcor River, with machinery for the Russian Governm en t. Th e pr i soners o f t h e G oo d a n t btbheo the rd, 25th Georgia o and fJune she was ur arrived eves hd e at taptbonded.bt captured rei ad a tOnh island otril Hope e i B n w t i h e d r a o e d f P . J u u t n o e e f ship Constitution, of New York, loaded with coal for Shanghai, made a prize of her, and took her into the island. On the 28th of July the Georgia captured the ship City of Bath, of Bath, from Callao to Antwerp. The cargo being neutral she was bonded, and the prisoners of the Constitution were put on board her. On the 16th of July, the Georgia captured the ship Prince of Wales, of Bath, Valparaiso, bound to Antwerp, with guano. The cargo being neutral, the ship was bonded. The fol lowing is a list of the Georgia's officers :—W. L. Maury, commander ; Chapman, Ist lieutenant; Evans, 2d ditto; Smith, 3d ditto; Ingraham, 4th ditto ; Walker, passed midshipman ; Morgan, mid shipman ; Curtis, paymaster; Wheedon,doctor; Pear son, chief engineer. The Georgia will take in from 200 to 300 tons of coals, besides general supplies. The Florida is expected to put into Saldanha Bay. The Valorous was last night signalled to proceed at once to that port. As soon as it was known that the Alabama was in Saldanha Bay, Mr. Graham, the United States' Consul at Cape Town, addressed a letter to the Governor, requesting that the vessel might be "at once seized and sent to England, from whence she clandestinely escaped," on the ground that the British Liovernment, which had a treaty of amity and commerce with the United States, had not recognised "the persons in rebellion against the United States as a Government at all." His Excellency replied that he had no instructions or authority to seize or detain the vessel, and that the course taken by Captain Semmes was, in his opinion, in conformity with the instructions he had received relative to ships of war and privateers be longing to the Government of the United States and the States calling themselves the Confederate States visiting British ports. Against the capture of the Sea Bride Mr. Graham protested, on the ground that the capture was made within British waters, contending that neutral waters were limited to the fighting distance from land, which, since the invention of Armstrong guns, must be held to be six m il e s. He also subsequently claimed her forfeiture on the ground that on the day succeeding her cap ture the prize crew on hoard of her brought her within a mile and a half of Green Point lighthouse, which he maintained was " a violation of neutrality as much as if the capture had taken place at that distance from land," But on both points the deci sion of the Governor was adverse to his views. Mr. Graham also claimed the delivery to him, as the official agent of the former owners of the Con rad, of the Tuscaloosa, on the ground that being a prize, and " not having been condemned by any Ad miralty Court of any recognised Government," she was debarred from entering any British port, and ought, therefore, " to revert to her real owners" the moment she violated the Queen's proclamation. His Excellency replied that he was not aware of of any provision of international law by which cap tured ships, as soon as they entered neutral ports, reverted to their real owners ; and believed that the claims of contending parties to captured vessels could be determined in the fast instance only by the courts of the captors' country, and was satisfied that. the Tascaleosa was entitled to be regarded as a vessel of war. Against the decision of his Excellency in each ease Mr. Graham formally "protested," in the name of his Government. The Occupation of • Fort Wagner by the Federal% On the evening of the 6 th inst., General Gil more, it is known, ordered that an assault on Fort Wagner should be made, the following morning. The special correspondent of the New York herald writes The troops moved from their camps shortly after 10 o'clock, reaching their positions in the trenches an hour later. Thei had barely arrived when a deserter from the rebel lines came in, bringing the news that the island was being eva cuated. We bed depended upon our picket boats in Vin cent's creek, under Major Sandford, to keep us advised of any movement of this kind on the part of the enemy ; but it appears that the state of the tide would not allow them to get through until some time after the withdrawal of the rebel garrison had commenced. As soon as the story of the deserter could be told, General Stevenson sent forward a small scouting party to ascertain its truth. They speedily returned and corroborated the news, and our forces imme diately leaped into the fort, Captains Walker and Pratt, in charge of the sappers, planting their flag upon the parapet. A slow match connecting with the magazine was dis covered and extinguished, and then commenced a race between our troops for Battery Gregg. Captain Bzayton, of the 3d Rhode Island Artillery, was the first man there. A few men of the 54th Massachusetts were close behind him, and then came two companies of the 3d New Hampshire regiment, under Captain Randlett. They arrived in season to capture between 40 and 60 stragglers, mostly from South Carolina regiments, while Major Sanford, who as soon as tide served had got his picket boats through the marsh, succeeded in overhauling a couple of boats con taining a lieutenant and 22 men of the rebel iron-clad steamer Chicora, who had been assisting the garrison in their escape. In addition to the prisoners taken we captured 19 guns, 14 of which were in Fort Wagner and the remain ing five in battery Gregg. The armament of Wagner con sisted of two ten-inch columbiads, one ten-inch mortar, five navy howitzers, mounted en seacoast carriages; three carronades, one rifled gun, and two field pieces. Gregg was armed with three ten-inch columbiads and two field guns. Nearly all the pieces had been spiked, but in such a manner that the spikes can be easily withdrawn from the vents. These guns are nearly worn out, and are now of little use except for short ranges. The scene which presents itself to the eye of a vibitor at Fort Wagner this morning is one of utter wreck and ruin. The broken parapets, the dismounted guns, the sand piled up before the entrance of the bombproof, the bolts and fiagments of exploded shell with which the terreplein is paved, and more than all, the heaps of rebel slain, some lying in th e sun and others half buried in the loose sand, show what a fearful ordeal the garrison passed through. The stench arising from the decaying dead is sickening and overp ower i ng . Many were buried at night, just below the surface of the terreplein, to be unearthed and torn to pieces by the m issiles which on the follow in g day continued to plough through the work. Hero au arm sticks stiffly out of the ground, and there a shoeless foot is visible, while in another corner are three bodies, one clad in a major's uniform, laid carefully aside for burial, but left in the hurry of departure for us to put away. WITHIN THE BOMBPROOF. Existence must have been terrible while the bomba rdment was going on. Even now the odour of the apartment is almost intolerable. The garrison, which consisted of about 1,400 men, was here huddled like sheep in a fold, without sunshine to illumine or air to breathe. The ceiling, formed of huge logs, is so low as scarcely to afford standing room. Dead bodies are scattered here and there, contributing their effluvia to the horrid stench arising from human filth and nastiness. I could only remain for a moment in the place. Officers and soldiers who enter it flee hurriedly away as from a plague or pestilence. The only furniture of the room was a table made of rough boards. One or two rough coffins were there, whether empty or not I did not endeavour to ascertain. A row of shelves on either side of the main entrance containel a number of shot and shell of various calibres. The floor was strewn with papers, old rags, pieces of greasy bacon and other filth which, in ordi nary camps, finds its way to the sinks. Until disinfectants are freely used and the work thoroughly policed it will be impossible for our men to remain there. A lread y General Terry has ordered them out of the fort , and 40 barrels of chloride of lime are on their way up the bea ch to be era. ployed in making the atmosphere of the pla ce in some de gree tolerable and wholesome. THE REBEL BURYING GROUND. ch like th e i Beyond Fort Wagner the ground seems to have bee n nse t d he as p a la p o l e. place Tofhberueriaalre a for number yblvhoof grave s just in th e f e ll in the defence of 1 t f r r a e n a d r m of u t l h os e , b a a w n a r le e n tte: ;th ll n e o r m e te a u ls a o gaarsees,and littlefurtherseveral o t n o A li are several holes dug in the sand for she lter to the troo ps, those stationed without the fort living very mu ch fiddlers and sand crabs with which the ground s thronged THE TELEGRAPH IN OPERATION. At an early hour this morning the telegraphic machine which has been stationed for a mon th p ast in a bomb p roof in the second parallel, was remove d to Fort Nap, °Tit'', and the line advanced to that point by L ieut. Pane,of the Si g n al corps. The following message fro m Lieut.-Colonel Mann, of the 39th Illinois Volunteers, w as the first transmit ted from the new station: United the South,S tat e s Fort Mil i t a v r , Military Tele Se a e p p h t ~ 7, DeParttn ent of 8.20 a . m. To General Gilmore —The general officer of the trenches sends his compliments and congratulations to the Command ing General from the bombproof of fallen Fort Wagner. His confidence in God and General Gilmore is unshaken. Colonel MANN, Aff ec ti ng Incidents During the Earthquake at Manilla, I was so much bruised that I made my way ver y slowly. At last, find in g I was K becomin_ exhausted, I sat down on a heap of rubbish wh ic h , as far as I could make out from the appearance of the frag ments, had once b ee n a church --Ss indeed it had the same been, and one catas trophe. I tried my utmost to shut out the sound of the screams and groans wh ich fil:ed the air all night by tying my handkerchief ti ghtly Oyer my ears; of ten destroyed by po ssible to sleep , and but I found it im possib l e sun rose I got up, stiff and Weary, and made my way towards a group of men aad Women who were assembled about a h ea p of ruins, the magnitude of which ena bled me to recognise them as the remains all of the cathedral. O f sights on that dreadful morning, there Was none which equalled this. The service in the cathedral not only began later than in the other churches, but was longer, so that while those who had attended the latter had for the most part left them, the whole congregation was present The in the former. ea rthqu a ke Was so sudden, that probably not a dozen Persons escaped out of the building before it came crashing down, burying + every one of the t wo or th ree thousand persons within it beneath its heavy roof and massive walls. When I reached the ruin; men and women were already working at those parts where appearances indicated the possibility of must speedily reaching bodies. The largest group was col lected round a chapel, a small portion of which was upheld by the peculiar way in which a beam bad fa ll en. Women were sobbing, and men were listening anxiously at a small opening w h er e a window had formerly been. Seeing I was a foreigner, the Spaniards and Indians, with the politenes s the y invariably practise, made way for me , and I approached . close to the opening. Faint groans issued from it, and I could hear a voice— that of a girl, I thou g ht, b u t i t t urne d oa t to be one of the chor isters--a s ki ng piteously for help and deliverance. Then a low but deep bass voice, doubt. less that of the priest who was officiating at the time of the calamity, uttered the well-known words II Blessed are the dead that die in the Lord. Yea, sa ith the Spirit, for they rest from their labours." As these words came forth, those outside burst into a passion of tears, which was soon choked, in order that they might hear if the voice spoke again. There were some deep groans, apparently wrung from the speaker by intense pain, and then the same voice spoke in a ca l m and even tone as though ad dressing a Congregation : "For the Lord himself shall descend from Heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archeingel, and with the trump of God." Silence followed for some • minutes, and then a deep voice came forth which was so low that only I and a few others near the hale could hear it : " Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit," and with the utterance of those words of faith and prayer the spirit must have left the tortured body, for not a sound was heard after this, except the piteous prayers of a child. Being too weak to assist is the efforts that 'were making to enlarge the opening, I left the spot with a sad heart —Dickens's "All the Year Round," Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing liorniman's pure Tea; very choice at 3s. 41 and 4s. "High St an d ar d" a t 4 s . 4d. (formerly 4s. Sd.), is the strongest and m os t d e licious imported. Agents in every UM, Supply it i n packets, PRUSSIA, A letter from Enlin, dated 21st init., says:— A few days since the Conservative fractions issued their electoral privet - urns, which does not contain any points clearly formulated, but dwells more upon the general state of the country. We have now before us the programme of the party of progress. That party demands :- 1. Complete liberty of the press, and, consequently, the suppression of the decree of the 2d June. 2. Presentation of the law on Ministerial responsibility prescribed by the Constitution. 3. Effective recognition of the right of the Chamber of Deputies to control the expenses of the Treasury. 4. Ito organisation of the House of Lords. 5. An army founded upon a popular basic, with a two years' se►vice. 6. A German Parliament, freely elected by the nation. The organs of the press which aro more or less intimately connected with the Government are not quite agreed upon the policy of the Ministry. It is therefore very diffictflt, not to say impossible, to form any certain conjecture of the at titude which the Government will assume towards the Diet. All that is positively known is that the Cabinet is deliberat ing upon the German question, and that the budget is the object of serious discussions. Count Wielopolski, from War saw, who is still sojourning at Putbus, has taken a house here in the Thiergarten, which he purposes inhabiting towards the end of September. The King is expected here to-morrow afternoon for military manoeuvres. The Ministerial councils will, it is supposed, then be resumed to settle the propositions that will be made to the Diet. At all events, it is probable that the King's answer to the Sovereigns who met at Frankfort has been decided upon. It is also supposed that, shortly after the opening of the Diet, the documents relating to the German question will be laid before it. During the last few days additional warnings have been given to various newspapers. The President of the Police announces that the pamphlet entitled "Art. 73 of the Con stitution and the Laws on the Press" has been confiscated. At the request of the Government the police at Leipsic have confiscated a number of the Weekly Journal, pub lished there." A telegraphic despatch, dated Berlin, Sept. 23, gives the following as the substance of the report addressed by the Ministry to the King, relative to the question of Federal reform : In this document, which bears the date of the 15th of September, the Government complains that the project of Austrian reform was only communicated to the King in an incomplete manner, and posterior to the date of the letters of invitation sent to the other Sovereigns. The report claims for the two great Powers the right of opposing their veto to all declaration of war, as long as the Federal territory should not be attacked. It solicits, moreover, that Prussia and Austria shall hold a perfectly equal rank in the Directory. The elections ought to direct and the powers of the Na tional Parliament more extended. The Ministry proposes to the King 1. To refuse his adhesion to the actual project, and to enter into negotiation with his confederates; 2. In case it should be decided upon to hold Ministerial Conferences, to convoke them with a view to decide upon some other project of reform; and 3. To submit it either to the elected representatives of the nation, or to the Diets of the different countries. COUNT DE CHRISTEN. 'IF The following letter has been forwarded to us for publication. It tells its own tale : " TO THE VISCOMTE CHARLES DE ST. PRIEST. " Citadel of Alessandria, Sept. 2, 1863. "My dear Cousin,—l have just received your kind letter informing me that your efforts in my favour with M. Ming hetti have been unattended by any good result. lamin no way surprised, as I never expected a different answer, the reply being in entire conformity with the usual mode of action of the Italian government. What does surprise me, as it always has done, is the conduct of the French govern ment, which, although perfectly aware that one of its own subjects is unjustly detained in an Italian prison, after hav ing been for two years the victim of treatment so inhuman that no government would have dared to inflict it on the lowest criminal, should ask for his liberation as a matter of favour, and submit to a refusal from the Cabinet of Turin couched in the most insolent terms. "Never have I asked for mercy, feeling strong in the sense of right and justice, as could easily be proved by no less than eight letters I have addressed to their Excellen cies the Comte de Sartiges and M. Drouyn de Lhuys, and of which letters five have been suppressed by M. Peruzzi, Minister of the Interior, who at the same time informed me that he had not thought proper to transmit my reclamations to the French authorities. "In consequence of these repeated sequestrations I find it impossible to address the representatives of my country, and I, therefore, call on you, my dear cousin, to act ener getically at the opening of the Chambers that I may, if possible, obtain that justice I have vainly invoked for two years. You have a clear ground for action, and have only to request those who take the initiative in laying my affair before the Senate and Corps Legislatif to move for the notes taken by the consul of France at my trial, and by him transmitted to his superiors, as well as the report of the entire proceedings. My innocence can be clearly proved by these documents, for no honest mind can fail to perceive the infamy of my condemnation. I recall to your memory the fact that the entire judgment rest on the denunciations of two false witnesses ; one an agent of the police, who accused me of conspiring, without being able to say where or how, and entirely on hearsay. The other, a cab driver and cammoristi, who pretended that he had received money from me at a period when I proved to the satisfaction of all present that I was not even in the kingdom of Italy. To these worthy Italians 1 may add one still more honourable, the procurator general of the King of Italy, Signor Claus!, who, with a forged letter in his hand, attempted to prove that I had conspired with the Chevalier Carracciolo. Unhappily for his credit M. de Belligne, junior consul of France, observed to the Court that the document was a forgery, and demanded a public rectification. Observe further, that what I here state is to be found in the authentic report of the trial, and I claim that it should be brought before the notice of the represen tatives, that the Chamber may be edified by the way in which justice is administered in the kingdom of Italy, and the manner in which a French subject is treated in a friendly country. It is, however, scarcely a matter of surprise, if we recall the debate of March 11, in the Turin Chamber, when the deputies Alfieri and Evandro pressed the Government to use all severity in my regard, as my being a Frenchman, according to the above •named deputies, made my detention a matter of national amour propre. As for the hopes Signor Minghetti holds out to you of my being comprised in the earliest amnesty, I trust you will consider it as nothing beyond a compliment, as more than a year since the same reply was made to Lord Russell, and when his lordship inquired when that amnesty would take place, he received for answer that it would be when his Majesty the King of Italy made his triumphal entry into Rome, his capital.' Three years have now passed by since the Southern provinces were annexed to Piedmont, and in that interval every nation in Europe, inclusive of Turkey, has given an amnesty to its political prisoners more than once, and it is only the paternal rule of Piedmont which, far from setting at liberty its political antagonists, adds daily to its long catalogue of fusillations and imprison ments. " I trust, therefore, in your acting with all possible vigour to obtain justice as early as may be ; for though up to the present time I have always found the neee:sary energy to surmount all the sufferings of my terrible posi tion, 1 fear if matters are allowed to drag on much longer my strength can scarcely do other than fail me. You at least will not, I trust, be deceived by the premises of the persons you name, for you may take for granted that If it depends on the goodwill of thew who are my gaolers I shall never leave my prison a living man.—l rely on your friendship, and am, &c., " Comte THEODULE EMILE DE CHRISTEN, " P.S.—I should have mentioned to you that the new procds commenced against me and my division, in defiance of the treaty signed by bI, de Grammont on the part of France, has not been by any means abandoned, and that; I am consequently still liable to a capital condemnation. It you can find means, it would be well to warn the Minister of Foreign Affairs that a number of unfortunate Neapli tans are going to be sent, some to the galleys a n d th e others to a shorter death , for having blindly confided in a treaty guaranteed by the French flag." [ADVERTISEMENT]. —Holloway's Pills and Ointment,— Diarrhoea—Stomach --Whenever the stomach fails faith fully to perform its functions, indigestion is sure to be pro duced, the issue of which is ever uncertain. The undi gested food, after passing through the sluggish sto mac h, irritates the bowels, and sets up diarrhoea, by which it is carried off, and the body is relieved for a time. Perhaps this is the least objectionable product of disordered stomachs, though gradually it will pull down the strongest. To check the first symptoms nothing previously prescribed equals Holloway's digestive pills, aided by his ointment, rubbed over the stomach and right side. 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"Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting.—Maria Jolly." —Cure No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derange. ment, and partial deafness.—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancips.—Curg No. 51,81 6 . ThP Rey. Jas, T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, "of indigestion and torpi dity of the liver, which had resiste3 all medical treatment,' In this, 1 lb., 2s. 9d. ; 21b., 4s. 6d ; 51b., lle. 121 b., 225. ; '4.41b 40s.—Barry Du Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London; also Fortnum and Mason ; and all GrOCeiland cheitlibig4 in every tQWII of the Vatted Jiipwleoz. SPIRIT OP THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. never been possessed by the Russians in Poland,and s. they never will obtain it." "It should be distinctly understood that th e Polish nation will never su b- DAILY NEws. , —The tone of Prince Gortscbakeff's Memorandum, as arldretsed to Franc, becomes as mil, to laws imposed by foreign dominion. That ( ffensive and irritating as it i t were th , iikriitely they may be obeyed, the laws must be the expres worded to wound the keenest susceptibilities of th sion of the nation a l sovere i g nty." We are told , p Second Empire and the French e accordingly, that th ou gh the National Committee carefully studied document the Vice Chancellor of a d mits the general principles of Government l aid down by Lord Russell, the consequences drawn Russia calls to the remembrance of the Three Powers the political situation in Europe at the time from them are, in its opi n i on , " t o o restricted," and of the Congress of Vienna. Once and again he that " the Polish nation do es n o t see in the propo pauses in his close and pressing argument to ask sitions submitted to the Cabinet of St. Petersburg whether it was likely that Russia at the close of a sufficient guarantees for the future, because its in': c war for the deliverance of Europe, in which she had c ontestable rights do not appea r t o be recognised. " As we have all along pointed out, in sheet, th e taken fro great a part, had been the first to arrest the career of an invader, should have consented Poles treat our proposals in precisely the Bone way alone of all the Powers to renounce all advantage as the Russian Cabinet. They for the most p art or compensation at the Peace. In 1812, he urges, admit our principles, but entirely dispute their ap e the Duchy of Warsaw, which had furnished a Plication. They entertain our arguments to a cer military contingent, and served as a basis of opera- t lain point, but, when the time comes to accep t lion to the great enemy of Russia, was wrested from them or to act upon them, they inform us that th e y Sixony and occupied by right of conquest. The merely listened to see what help they could get o ut Emperor Alexander would have been fully justified of us, but that we must give them all they wan!, in repressing by force so menacing a neighbour, as or they will have nothing. The Poles, indeed , Catherine 11., moved by " inexorable necessity," h seem to treat us with somewhat more official re ad done in 1772; but the Emperor resolved, if spect than the Russians, but that is only because possible, as a conqueror, to reconcile the people of they can less afford to break with us, and it is irn- Poland to his Government by a kind and merciful portent for them, as far as they can, to feed ou r policy, In 1813, although the Duchy of Warsaw sympathy with hopes of a peaceable compromise. It had been reconquered by Russia alone from an is impossible, therefore, to attribute very touch enemy in whose ranks Austrian and Prussian troops importance to the acceptance by the National 0 0 ' still fought, Alexander I. consented to submit its vernment of the proposal of an armistice. In the future lot to a Congress at Vienna. The Vice- first place, it would now be obviously more advsn' Chancellor emphatically denies that Poland held tageous to them than to the Russians, even though the first place in the deliberations of the Congress : no satisfactory result followed from it. Besides, it had its place, but not the foremost. Europe had without attributing to them any want of sincerity, just emerged from a 25 years' war, and it was the lot they may have had the acuteness, apparently wants of all Europe that had to be settled by a Congress. ing in more practised diplomatists, to see that an All that Alexander demanded was to be allowed to armistice so arranged would give them something fulfil a great work of reconciliation and reparation of the character of a belligerent, which they seen' by restoring to Poland her national existence under so anxious to obtain. They inform us, indeed, in the Russian sceptre. This intention was baulked this despatch, but in terms so vague that we cannot 1 and resisted not because the Powers were solicitous pretend to be sure of their meaning, that they do for Polish independence, but because they were not expect other Powers to substitute foreign efforts jealous of the extension of the Russian empire. for their own. But they complain at the same time, The Powers might perhaps have preferred in theory not without reason, that Russia is, to all intents and the absolute independence of Poland, but to this Purposes, assisted by the neighbouring States, which the three partitioning Powers must have consented, intercept supplies of arms and ammunition to an was it likely that Russia would have acquiesced in extent which otherwise could hardly be enforced her own dismemberment. Austria and Prussia except by a regular blockade; and they maintain 'both opposed the restitution even of the name of that it is at least "just and necessary" that foreign Poland ; Prince Aletternich protesting that Galicia Powers should intervene so far as to relieve them of would be lost to Austria. Prussia shared the fears this difficulty. But the National Committee knee/ of Austria. Russia alone desired to give the Polish perfectly well that no foreign Power could possible' subjects of the three partitioning Powers institu- take any step of this sort without being prepared tions in harmony with the feelings of the people; for immediate war with Russia. Indeed, it will be but Austria presented a counter project, declaring difficult for them to perusade Europe that they do the Duchy of Warsaw to be annexed to the domi- not really cherish the hope of some such material nions of the Emperor of Russia in perpetuity, with- support. But if they entertain any ideas whatever out a word about constitutional rights or Polish of foreign support or recognition they ought to be nationality. So that, according to Russian doctrine, Prepared to pay some attention to foreign pro" as dogmatically stated by Prince Gortschakoff, all Posals. It is perfectly idle for them to talk as the sympathy for Poland at the Congress of Vienna if they expected to get everything they wish for proceeded from Alexander I. • the other Powers from Russia. The sympathy of Europe is chilled only acquiesced in his generous designs from jealousy and the hands of the three Powers are tied by the of his initiative, and because at the close of a pro• knowledge that there is no limit to the inordinate longed war they knew and respected the resources demands of the Poles. If there was any chance that of the Power to which they owed their deliverance, they would be contented with reasonable and Russia then had taken the sole initiative in pro- moderate concessions, the representations of the posing liberal institutions for her Polish subjects as Western diplomatists would lose their vagueness , one of the partitioning Powers; all the other and would have some ground to go upon. But, as Powers save England were at that time opposed to matters stand at present, it is quite sufficient answer liberal ideas; Russia actually interceded with her to all the proposals we make to Russia that the co-partitioners in behalf of Polish nationality. Bat Poles will not be satisfied with them. Even if Poland was obstinately ungrateful, and Alexander France, or any other Power were disposed to inter- I. became disabused of his own magnanimity when vene forcibly, she is checked by the certainty that he found that his Polish subjects used the constitu- the Poles would only use what she gained for them tional weapons he had given them to conspire for as a means of obtaining more, and that she the dismemberment of the Empire. And in 1830, would merely give them a better standing ground for fresh agitation. It is this obstinacy, with which under his successor, roused by the revolution in France, they burst out in insurrection. Then, as the Poles persist, something like the Irish in O'Connell's time, in regar di ng ever y concess ion as now, the insurgents appealed to the sympathies of liberal Europe; the Western Powers offered diplo- a mere instalment of grea t er ones , w hi c h has matic intervention; Russia declined it. The Western brought matters to their present p ass . The dead lock of the situation is compl ete d by th e p u blication Powers appealed to the engagements of 1815. Russia insisted that the Poles had by the very act of insur- of this despatch. Neither the R uss i ans n or the rection cancelled those engagements. The Western Poles will yield a single acre of l a nd or a single Powers rejected this theory. Russia maintained it. point of privilege. How the lock will be f orc ed, a 5 They protested against the means taken to suppress it seems impossible to find any key to it, we cane the rebellion, yet Russia suppressed it. Then, as now, not venture to surmise. We are only sure of one t it was Europe that disturbed Poland, not Poland thing—that both Russians and Poles will have t° Europe. Once more, the Emperor Alexander 11. give way in the end. All questions of this sort are gave his Polish subjects liberal institutions, and settled by mutual concessions. The R ussian s will they used them as instruments of revolt. Yet Russia neither establish respect for despotic and barbarous authority, nor will the Poles re-establish the Poland still desires the pacification of Poland, and to carry out her benevolent intentions. Bat, as an in- of their dreams. The Three Powers hoped to be dispensable preliminary, the insurrection must be able to induce both parties to come to some mode' put down, and order re-established. No Power on rate arrangement, without tearing each other to earth cap afford to submit to a revolt, or to foreign pieces first. They have failed, as we predicted they interference. Disorder would wear itself out in would fail, from the passion and obstinacy of both, Poland, if the diplomatic intervention of the Powers and now the two must be left, at least for a time, to would be content to impress upon the Polish people sicken themselves of the struggle. Meanwhile, in , that they have nothing to hope but from submission such a prolongation of bloodshed the Poles have to their Sovereign and from an indissoluble union most to lose, and obstinacy on their part is the more with Russia according to treaty. In short, the duties inexcusable because it is suicidal. and rights of all parties concerned in the question are clearly defined by the terms of the treaty to whioh they appeal. It is the duty of the Poles to respect the stipulations which unite them indis solubly with Russia. It is the duty of Europe to do nothing to weaken this union. It is the duty of the three partitioning Powers to grant representative and national institutions to their Polish subjects, according to the discretion of each. Such is the sum and substance of this Russian me morandum, which, however sophistical or arrogant, or even mendacious, it may appear to English readers, cannot, we think, in fairness be deemed offensive to England. But we cannot expect our gallant neighbours over the water to take the Rus sian Vice-Chancellor's elaborate exposition of the Treaties of Vienna and the circumstances under which they were framed with English equanimity. Unless, indeed, the mission of the Second Empire be to avenge the First—by meekness, TJMES.—The Polish National Committee cer tainly exercises the functions of government as much as the authorities of the Confederate States. It appears to have perfect control over the Poles, whether at home or abroad. It has its regular tri bunals, and it seems to carry their decisions into effect. It orders its subjects at its pleasure to pay or not to pay taxes ; it summons them at its will to join the national army, or dismisses them on leave of absepce ; it directs the course of the insurrection almost in the same way as the Cabinet of an esta blished, State directs the movements of its armies ; and now it seems almost admitted to have its autho rised diplomatic agents, and its despatches are introduced to the ear of Europe in the same way as those of regularly constituted Powers. The pnblication, at least, in the Moniteur of the de spatch of the Polish National Government to Prince Czarterysk; gives something of this aspect to the matter, The letter takes its plum among the diplo matic documents on the Polish question. The despatches which have passed between the other Powers have already been published, but we have suddenly another rower igygduce4 to our notice, and we tiro fevited to consider the views of the Polish Government as well as those of Russia and the three other Powers. Whatever motive led to the insertion of this document it 4 the French official paper, it certainly was not that it throws any light on the obscurities of the question, or that the Na tional Committee afford us any means of solving its difficulties. "It was easy to determine," they eay, e the point pr view from which the Polish nation should regard the propositions enunciated by the intervening Powers ;" and, accordingly, the state of feeling and the arguments which this long and ill digested decnieent details are only those with which the public has been made wearily familiar by the regular diplomatic despatches and by our corres pondence from the seat of the insurrection. We knew before that the Poles had no confidence in the Russians, and were not likely under any circum stances to feel any. We were perfectly aware the respect for authority which prince Gortschakoff proposes to reeestablish in Poland would be nothing better than mere submission to brute force. Our diplomatists have exposed more forcibly than the National Government the misinterpretation whi c h the Russian Cabinet put upon the Treaties of Vienna, and we have not been misled as to the character of the insurrection by the representations of Prince Gortschakoff. We know, and our Ministers have asserted, not only in Parliament but in their repre sentations to the Russian Government, that the Polish nation is roused to insurrection by very dif ferent motives from the mere passion for revolt. The Russian Cabinet has been told very plainly that the Poles, instead of aiming at the subversion of order, are protesting against the anarchy of despotism; that they have been governed without law; and that they have a right, if th ey can , to compel the observance of law, W e are satisfied that on the whole the intelligent majority of the Polish nation support the insurrection, and we are sure that the savage ba Governors ebarities of the Russian e;ceed, or rather are not in the same category with, the somewhat startling severities to which the cruel necessities of their position have on these point s , driven the Poles. All t h e d ec l amat i on, t h ere f ore, which swells the Polish despatch to such an inordinate length, was entirely unneces -1 nary. There was a point, however, to which we might have expected that the National Government would have addressed itself. We were anxious to know whether they were inclined, in degree, to accept such good offices as the Western Powers might offer them, short of forcible intervention in their behalf. We knew perfectly well that they would think the proposale we made unsatisfactory, and that they wished to obtain far more th an we , had any reasonable ground for asking from Russia. But, as we were asking Russia to give way in one direction, it was not unreasonable to hope that the Poles might have been found willing to make some advances in the other. We are sorry to say, how ever, that there is no sign of any such disposition in this despatch. " Confidsuce," we gm told, 'has Births. --- COWELL.—On the 24th inst., at 112, Piccadilly, the wit ° of Thomas W, Cowell, Esq., of a son. CLAYTON.—On the 23d inst., at the house of her fathao Licut.-Col. Henry Somerset, the wife of Capt. Clayt o9l late 13th Hussars, of a daughter. SANDWITH.—On the 24th inst., at Tidmarsh Rector/ Barks, the wife of Humphery B an d w i th , E sq ., C.D., ° a daughter. YOUNG.—On the 24th inst., at The Limes, Croydon-to ur mon, the wife of D. Hill Young, Esq., of a daughter. Marriages. BOULTON—NicnoLL.—On the 24th inst., at Aldenbattlf Herta, Charles George, son of the late Charles Boultonf Esq., and the Hon. Mrs. Charles Boulton t o Georgian s ' second daughter of the late Henry Mid' Nicholl, E B q .9 D. C. L. ILESSEY--CAZENOVE.—On the 24th inst., a t ChristChurc ll 2 Battersea, Captain William Henry Hessey, of the Diadran Staff Corps, to Louisa, the daughter of Philip Cazanovet Esq., of Claphana-common. Deaths. ALLEYNE.—On the 24th inst., at Clifton, Henry Alleyne, of Exeter College, O x f or d. e ld est sur viving so u of O. T. Allq ne, Esq., of the I s l an d o f B ar badoes, age d 20. Wy ndha za ALLEN.—On the 21st inst., at Hammersmith, gory Anne , wile of J. W. Allen, Esq., o f 37, Strand, aged 49. AUSTIN.—On the 21st ult., at Chambly, L. Canad a, C har• lotte, wife of Lieut.. Col, Th omas A u sten. HopE.—On the 23d inst., at Holly-hill, Hants, Admiral Sir Henry Hope, K.C.8., aged 77. MILLARD.—On the 21st inst., a t Tunbridge-wells, Edvid. Millard, of London H ouse , aged 36. SeiNx.—On the 23d inst., at Dundee, Captain John Spine aged 77. SENVELL.—On the 24th inst., Richard Sewell, Esq., of 63, Arlington street, Camden-town, aged 11. —... London : Prita.ed and Pub:toned by WILLIAM ANDE B .'!' of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TIIE SUN Office No. n ot " Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, In the Cellilt/ litlatilelex tr Mlturcia• SePteailm 200803, COUNTRY MARKETS. 4,, , LIVERPOOL-FRIDAY, At this day's market there was a small attendance, and rather an inactive demand for wheat, with prices tending in favour of buyers. New oats were ld per bushel lower. Barley, beans, and peas dull. Indian corn in limited re quest, at late prices. American flour Gd per barrel lower. New oatmeal Gd to is easier. WAKEFIELD—FRIDAY. A fair quantity of wheat came to hand to-day, and fine dry sorts met a moderate demand at last Friday's prices, other sorts difficult to quit. Barley was is to 2s lower i oats, id per stone cheaper. Averages for the week : Wheat 6lO qrs., at . 45s 9d Rye — —s Cod Oats lO7 Beans — —s oa 8ar1ey......... 195 -- PEWS STAMFORD—FRIDAY. Whitol:wheat, 45s to 47s ; red, 425:,t0 45s per 36 stone• Barley, malting, 36s to 40s ; grinding, 30s to 32s per cl r ' Oats, 20s to 24s per 24 stone. Beans, old, 42s to —0 per qr. ; new, 38s to —s. EXETER—FRIDAY. Wheat, white 6s 3d to 68 4d I Barley. .. 38 6d to 4 8 34 , Ditto red Xs Od to 6s 3d Oats .. Flour, fine, 355 to 36s ; seconds, 34s to —s per sack. CATTLE. tj Fat beef, p sc., 10s0d to 11 s 6d E wes , per 11 , ....51d to 64,, Pork carcases, 7s Od to 8s Od Wethers, 7d to Lamb, p to —d Fat calves, d0...6id told. Rough fat, 31c1 per lb. DUBLIN —FRIDAY. Grain of all descriptions in fair supply, and the market steady. (1, g. d. s. d. s . d. s• 0 Wheat, white 23 0t025 6 Beans.. . —oto -- „ Do., red 2O oto 23 6 B ere ll ot o 13 v, Do., new .... —oto 0 Rapeseed Barley Oats Do., black —oto 0 I n di an corn .. 27 0t 0 23 " BRISTOL SUGAR—FRIDAY. The market this week has been rather more (Wive, otia considerable sales have been made in the private market o . t late rates. Refined goods sell slowly at very lo w ra t es . steady demand for rum, and late prices were well mall tamed. COAL Prices of Coal per Ton at ,Ali ET. the close of the market. o. d. Buddle'sWest Hartley 16 9 .Bass's Bebside West Hartley ....16 9 Cowpen Hartley 16 9 Davison's West Hart ley 16 9 Walker Primrose 12 3 Carway and Duffryn Malting . 20 0 Edon Main ...17 6 Holywell 17 6 Walls End. s. Cl. Haswell .............. 19 9 0 Heugh H 9.11 .......... 17 East Hartlepool ...... 19 0 South Hart1ep001...... 17 9 K elloe South Kelloe l7 9 Hetton l9 0 Russel's Hetton 18 'f, Braddyll's Hetton 18 Fraruwellgate.. l7 9 Tunstall l7 6 ,, South Hetton l9 u Wharnoliffe • 17 9 It, 5); sold, 59. Walls End. Cassop lB 0 Ships at mark,