The Sun. — London, England, 1863-11-16 00:00:00

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA, (From the Correspondent of the Tunes.) NEW YORK, Nov. 3. It may appear incredible, but we have up to this mor nent no intelligence to communicate of the pro gr€ F.: 8 of military operations. The experience of the laf it two years has sufficiently familiarised us with the phenomenon, yet it tasks all our powers of com prehension to realise the fact that some of the greatest armies the world ever mustered, stirred by the most intense feelings of Cain-like animosity the human heart ever harboured, under the most auspi. cious circumstances of bright, bracing, inspiriting wf;ather, should run on week after week, month alaer month, so close to each other that the pickets , an one side fling "chaff," when they do not pop lead at the sentries of the other ; and yet the news from beginning to end of a whole autumn season should be no news. The summary of one week's information reads like a parody and a mockery, rather than a repeti tion of the foregoing one. " All is quiet in the army of the Potomac." " Sumter has undergone from the Union batteries the heaviest bombardment that ever took place. From s'indown on Wednesday till sun down on Thursday the Federals fired 1,200 shots from 15-inch mortars and 300-pounder Parrots." "They might as well have fired at the moon. The enemy gave back noise for all this noise. The rebel loss is seven wounded." From Tennessee the bulletins are even more fiat, stale, and unprofitable. General Thomas never tires of exalting the heroism of the victors in the fight of the 28th. " General Hooker," he writes, took many prisoners, among whom were four officers and 103 men." The rest must have been cattle. Hooker him self had 350 officers and men dead and wounded. Gen, Grant had reached t he camp at Chattanooga, where "since the bloody battle on the Chickamauga, the army had settled down in the usual quiet of camp life." Some way , it is generally felt, must be found to break this dead lock. " Bragg must be evicted from his present position. This is the busi ness of General Grant ;" but he takes his time about it like his predecessors. Complaints are raised by people competent to form a judgment on such matters that the Federals are leaving too many troops in their rear. "It is held to be necessary to guard strongly all roads, and to garrison all towns. An immense army is held between Nashville and Louisville. In those cities themselves the military authority is omnipresent. The streets are swarm ing with soldiers, the military hand is everywhere." From these statements we may gather-1, That the position of the army of the Cumberland is yet in secure ; 2, that rebel guerillas overrun the land in every direction, gathering together, sometimes, when strengthened by Bragg's cavalry, into bands several thousands strong; 3, that the allegiance of Tennessee and Kentucky, even in the largent centres of population, is not to be relied upon. This is election day in New York. We learn it from the newspapers, for otherwise one would not be made aware of the fact by any unusual stir per ceptible in the town. The truth is, these State elec. tins have been not inaptly compared to those "scrub races with knock-kneed, broken-winded screws with which the multitude are entertained, while their betters are making ready for great sweepstakes." No popular vote of importance will be elicited in America, till the time comes for the Presidential election, a year hence. Governor Seymour has been " stumping " at Utica, at Rochester, and on Saturday evening at the Cooper Institute in this city. It is difficult to dislike Mr. Seymour, for he is a gentle, amiable man, or to withhold one's esteem from him, for he is well-meaning and honourable—though he is reviled by his adversaries in downright American fashion as if he were a common pickpocket. But, whatever regard one may have for the man, it is difficult to deny that, as a politician, he is in a false position. No one can dwell at greater length on the horrors of the American civil war, no one can with greater minuteness enumerate the evil it inflicts upon the country. "The President," he informs us, " has in progress of this war demanded a total of two millions of men ; he asks for 600,C00 more—more than 1,400,000 have already gone forth to the battlefield." " Experience has shown," he continues, " that every year wastes one-half of our armies. If it now numbers 700,000 men, each day diminishes its number by 1,000." To carry on this murerous war the country is " burdened with a debt, which is variously estimated to be from 1,500,000,000 dols. to 2,000,000,000 dols. and so he goes on, talking of " inevitable bankruptcy, national ruin, social anarchy, and disorder." But, when he has said all this, could any man believe that he ends by declaring that " he is in favour of a vigorous prosecution of the war 9" He is as willing to " put forth the exertion of every material power" as any one of his opponents. Only, while the Re publicans wish to employ " force, force alone," he is disposed to " superadd the power of conciliation." What cannot be achieved by subjugation he would hope to effect by compromise. This is, and ever will be, the stumbling-block for these amiable Union• Democrats. They agree with the Republicans that " the Union must be saved," that " the Constitution must be upheld!' Were they to come into power to-morrow, they would con- Bider themselves bound to carry on the war—nay, to push it on with still greater vigour, but they would give the Southerners to understand that they wished for peace ; that they would make peace with them on any terms that might save the Union and uphold the Constitution. This presupposes, of course, that there is a corresponding dispo sition to mr. s reconciliation and reunion in the South. se : c rone tells us " there are hundreds and thou of Unionists at the South ; nay, more, he beli eves that e t this hour a majority of the Southern People, if they o f this j u could return once again within the by its C ons titution, and feel themselves protected Th o i n, would again come back to their allegianc e ." W h o Mr. Seymour's opinion, the conceit of a roan k nows o o lives in Albany, deep in offi cial business, An d fromws no more about the South than what he lear n : beaisay. But, place him to-morrow at the h ea him, not only with the President's the Government, invest w r h esident's, but with all a dictator's powers, and would he do ? What would he do if he found that South would hear nothing of conciliation or abhorred ii but insisted on separation from the all mr. i ankee ? This is the Republican answer to all probability, speci ous arguments ; and since, i n out of the say, the Opposition would not s foreeparesent Ad ministration only scf ape of this war any sooner than ile a ministration with all the people' can best be secured by undivided action, very possible, indeed, that, long as Mr. Seymones: was, it ,did not convey the whole of the orator's mind. It is possible that, like his friends Fernando Wood and Vallandigh am t the Governor of New York cares less for the Union and the Constitution than for peace, and that, where conciliation migh t be found impracticable, he would not shrink from separation ; but, were it so, it would prove that either his character is not sufficiently strong, or that the time has not yet come for him to be out spoken on this subject. The hour and the man for that object may, perhaps, never come. Tne longer I live among these Americans the stronger I feel the conviction growing upon me that it is neither power of eloquence nor prestige of authority that can move them out of their fond conceit of national Union. They must have their country, their continent, their world all to themselves. They will make one people so long as such an object can be attained by " the expenditure of the last dollar, or the sacrifice of the last man." They are a boasting, vainglorious race, and delight in hyperbole; believe theyaremainly go forth themselves in earnest. They will not Can as fighting men so long as con scriptsbu substitutes, and natives can bribe foreigners, andY Whites can impress Degrees. As with all commercial and ind us t r i a l p eo pl e , they will .fight with gold k they. will not give up theaper) rather than iron ; but game without a long, s t u bborn, desperate strife and they will side with those, no matter how ruthless and th fanatical, who are least likely to "lay hands the peae e e. plough and look alt-price poli back ward," ostracising ands rice at ti c ians of the Vallandigharn school, lack Seymour and his milk and -water r ce _ t oiou and of efforts conmliation theories. There is, in the meanwhile, no made to minister fresh stimulus to the innate san guineness and endurance of these stiff-necked Yankees. The papers here incessantly r , eat that " the suppression of the forces of the no -. ellion can and should be completed within the next six months." It is difficult to guess wlO re the fools deceived by these mad predictions. Privately, no one dares to assert that the war will end at the close of three or 36 years. Again, there is no end of crowing at some alleged improvement in the state of the national finances. " Within seven months," we are told, " the people of the North have subscribed and paid for at p ar over 330,000,000 dols. of six per cent. bonds." The amount of 5-20 bonds taken by the people in the course of last week was over 36,000,000 dols. ; on Saturday and Friday alone 23,000,000 dols. of such bonds were taken. This is hailed by many as a proof of the people's confidence in the Government and faith in the destinies of the country. The Opposition, however, sees little reason to congratulate the Go vernment on the results of these operations. " A great parade is made of the stock sold," they say, " but little is said of the certificates paid; 30,000,000 dols. of 5-20 bonds at 6 per cent. were sold by the Treasury, but as large a sum of certificates at 5 per eer.t. was sold ; and 35,000,000 dohs. of 6 per cent. certificates of in • debtedness are maturing. The Government realises, actually, very little money. The process is simply converting paper, on which it pays 5 per cent, in " greenbacks," into other paper, on which it pays 6 per cent. gold—i.e., at the present state of gold 9 per cent. The necessity of issuing more paper money is not removed thereby. In fact, the opera ' tion is one to put more paper in the market, after the conversions which have been effected. ' Without presuming to enter into the merits of ' this financial question, which seems to me to puzzle Americans even more than strangers, there is no doubt but the "inflation of the currency," as they love to call it--the rise in the premium of gold and in the price of all commodities—is severely felt by the lo west classes ; labour is not to be procured on any terms, and there are incessant strikes among mechanics of every description. These Northerners console themselves with the assurance that their enemies are worse off than themselves. " Mr. Memminger," say the Confederate journals, " still grinds out, night and day, currency of which it takes five dollars to buy a pound of pork, and one dollar to buy a pound of flour." The Northerners repeat these statements, and fancy they can easily reconcile themselves to gold at 1464 when they hear that at Richmond "it takes 12 dollars of paper to buy one dollar in gold." No doubt it will take time to break down the almost boundless prosperity of the North, and the ruin of the South is daily being accomplished. But the North should consider that the Confederates are fighting for dear life ; that any amount of sacrifice is cheerfully made if thereby the great object can be accomplished; and if that object is frustrated, the bankruptcy of the South will fall with all its weight on the victorious North, and it will be a consolation, however meagre, for the Southerners that their country should fall as utterly ruined, de solate and worthless, a prey into the hands of its conquerors, as the despair of its defenders could contrive to make it. The Democrats are very indignant against the Government for sending home thousands of soldiers that they might vote in this day's election. Over 4,000 of these transportation tickets were received, at oue single office in Washington on Saturday last. From 20,000 to 30,000 men are said to have left Meade's army on a ten days' leave of absence. The complaint of the men in opposition is chiefly that the public money has been squandered in the interest of ane party, as the soldiers to whom furloughs have been granted were all declared Republicans, while the Democrats sued in vain for leave of absence. They protest, besides, that by thinning the ranks of the combatants the position of the army is impe rilled, as it was at the time of the Pennsylvania election, when, owing to the same cause, Lee was enabled to drive up-Meade to the defences of Wash ington. " What," they say, " if Lee should happen to be particularly anxious for battle during these days 9—he must be at the trouble to seek the Army of the Potomac at New York." Several persons have been arrested at Columbus, Ohio, charged with a " diabolical plot to upset the Government of the State, or, at least, to release the State or war prisoners, more than 3,000 of whom were confined at Camp Chase and in the Columbus Penitentiary. Among these is the famous John Morgan. The liberated captives were to cross the Ohio River at Maysville, probably to initiate a gue rilla warfare in the rear of the Army of the Cum berland. The whole charge rests on the assertion that one of the alleged conspirators had supplied the money for the purchase of axes and chloro form. The persons arrested are Mr. Cathcart, late School Commissioner, Mr. Crisop, Mr. Slade, and Dr. Gazelle (obscure persons, but suspected of Copperhead tendencies), and two washerwomen, Mrs. Parmenter and Mrs. M'Donald, who had busines at Newport, a suburb of Cincinnati on the Kentucky side of the Ohio, and are supposed to have been the bearers of treasonable correspondence The prisoners have been admitted to bail on 10 ,000 dols. securities each, and have retained as their counsel the Hon. George Pugh, late Democratic candidate for the Lieutenant-Governorship of the State, and the most eloquent barrister in Cincinnati. Nov. 4. No news of deeds of arms to-day, but only the anticipation, vain and vague as usual, of something that may come to pass to-morrow. The results of the elections were such as all sensible persons anti cipated. According to the returns of the Democrats themselves,the Administration has obtained a majo rity of more than 15,000 votes in the State of New York. The city itself, though it still gave the De mocrats an absolute majority of 21,000 has fallen short by 10,000 of the majority by which Governor Seymour was elected last year. There is no doubt but the success of the Republicans has been equally great in Massachusetts, Illinois, Wisconsin, Min nesota, Michigan, Missouri, and Kansas, where partial elections came off also yesterday, everywhere with the best order and calmness; indeed, with an apathy which naturally sprang from security on the part of that party which has actually achieved the victory. The peace-at-any price men have gone to the wall, with Fernando Wood and Vallandigham. The war-with-conciliation men have followed them, with Seymour and his friends. It will take no small amount of adversity to sober these Yankees ; still, no one can predict what would happen were the Southerners to hold out in their present posi tion till the next Presidential election. Prophetic Vision of the American War. That deep thinker, and philosophic, though somewhat dreamy writer, S. T. Coleridge, 30 years ago wrote as fol. low a to a friend : " January 4, 1833. "Can there ever be any thorough natural fusion of the Northert. and Southern States ? I think not. In fact,',the Union will be shaken almost to dislocation whenever a very serious question between the States arises. The American ' U nion has no centre, and it is impossible no w to make one, The more th ey extend their borders into the Indians' land the weaker will the national cohesion be. Bat I look upon the States as splendid masses to be used, by and bye, in the composition of two or three great governments. foreign « S. T. C." g 4 When New England . , " April 10, 1833. in itself, taxes the a d r a: s 7 o l l lc -- may be considered a State manufactures in and thereby forces order to cherish manufactu re , : f t . the Carolinians, another State oflitts°w; such desire or higher price, it fer o a s law which little intercommunication, Which itself, with which there is interest to serve, to buy worse arucless:oart% tiain st i , t b i eeause of the the New tat is a is, in fact, downright tyranny of the most sordid, kind. 'What would you should tax every person in Devonshire benefit of every person in Yorkshire? And ; at Pectliliar y feeble image of the actual usurpation of d e puties over the property o f the Southern States. England "S. T. C., THE WAR HAS COST THE AMERICAN GOVER N _ MENT about £150,000,000 a year; at least, th e official statement of the indebtedness of the Union on lst May, 1863, was 964,000,000 dollars, and is for Ist Septem ber 1,228,000,000 dollars, an increase of £13,200,000 a month. Taking the dollar at a fifth of a pound, which is very nearly its value, the debt is now (November Ist) £260,000,000, and the liabilities perhaps £40,000, 000 more, or £300,000,000 in all. By this time next year it will be £450,000,000, THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 16, 1863. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. MADRAS. The half-yearly meeting of this company was held on Friday at the London Tavern ; Lieut.-General D. Sim in the chair. The report, an abstract of which has appeared in The Sun, was taken as read. The CHAIRMAN, in moving the adoption of the report, said the railway consisted of two separate lines—namely, the South-West and North- West lines. The South-West line commenced at Madras, on the east coast, and crossing the peninsula by the towns of Arcot, Vellore, Salem, and Coim batore, terminated at Beypoor, on the Malabar, or west coast. The trunk line from Madras to Beypoor was 406 miles in length; it commenced into 1852, and opened for traffic in May, 1862. In addition to the trunk line there was a branch to Bangalore, 84 miles in length, making the total length 490 miles. About three-fourths of the decayed wooden sleepers between Madras and Godavery river, a dis tance of 245 miles, had been replaced by iron sleepers,which had increased their expenses ; but those expenses would be compensated by the solidity of the line, and the diminution in the cost of maintenance. The works had progressed satisfactorily on the Bangalore branch line during the past half-year, The chief difficulty and delay in the construc tion of this branch had been caused by the rocky and hilly ascent to the table-land of Mysore, in the course of which large quantities of rock had to be removed and deep cuttings excavated. Those difficulties were very much increased by the unhealthiness of those particular places. They had, however, overcame those difficulties, and the remainder of the line would be completed as fast as the materials for the permanent way could be delivered. The Bangalore branch would be completed by the middle of next year, and would connect the main line with the large and populous city of Mysore, an emporium of trade and manufactures, and the largest military station in the south of India. It was ex pected that this branch would bring a large accession of traffic to the main line. The North-West line commenced also at Madras, passing over the south-west or main line to Arconum, where it diverged to Cuddapa, Gooty, and Bel lary, the original intention being to continue it to Moodgul and on to the Nizam country, where it was to form a junc tion with the Great Indian Peninsula Railway. It had since been proposed that, instead of making the line to Moodgul, it should be carried to Hyderabad, and there form a junc tion with the Great Indian Peninsula Railway. The ques tion was now before the local Government, and would be decided by them. The works in the meantime were being carried on to Bellary; the great obstacle to the construction of the North-West line was the unhealthy ascent from the lower country into the district of Cuddapa. He believed the line up this ascent had just been completed, and he had no doubt the trains were passing over it by this time. It was expeeted that this line would be completed for a distance of 66 miles from Arconum in the early part of next year. The traffic had been fully stated in the report, and he thought the results were satisfactory. The increase in the passenger traffic; during the past half-year had been 12 per cent., and in the goods traffic 24 per cent. on the main line. The increase in the receipts had been £16,400 over those of the preceding half-year. The increase in the traffic on the 41 miles of the North-West line had been about 96 per cent. as compared with the corresponding period of last year. The increase in the expenses had been caused chiefly by re placing the wooden sleepers with iron ones, but that would cease when the operation was completed. The substitution of wood for coal and coke in their engines would effect a saving of 50 per cent, in the item of fuel. They proposed to raise additional capital to the amount of £1,000,000. They had already raised £5,000,000 on shares and £2,000,000 on debentures, making £7,003,000. There was a sum of about £400,000 in the hands of the Government, which would probably be sufficient for the next six months to carry on the works. Mr. ARBUTHNOT seconded the motion for the adoption of the report. In reply to questions it was stated that the amount ex pended on works which were at present unproductive was £3,000,000. The working expenses on the main line were 54 per cent., and on the North-West line 40 per cent. of the gross receipts. The bridge on the main line near Beypoor, which had been accidentally swept away by a flood, was only 30ft span; but the bridge built in place of it was eructed on screw piles, and had openings of 200 ft, so that there was no probability of such an accident again happening at that place. _ . _ Resolutions were passed adopting the report and autho rising the directors to raise additional capital to the amount of £1,000,000 under a guarantee of 5 per cent. Lt. vote of thanks to tae chairman and directors concluded the proceedings. WEST RIDING AND GRIMSBY. Tho half yearly meeting of this company was held at Wakefield on Wednesday—Mr It. Winn in the chair. The CHAIRMAN moved the adoption of the report, which stated that considerable progress had been made with the line, especially with the heavier portions. All the shares in the company had been allotted, and it was proposed to make a further call of 20s or 30s per share in the course of the ensuing year. The chairman said that the directors had every reason to believe that the line would be finished by the beginning of the year 1865. The land for the main line between Wakefield and Barmby Dun had all been purchased, and, with trifling exceptions, had been placed in the hands of the contractors. Land for the Doncaster branch was not purchased, for as the works of that line were of a light cha racter, the same necessity did not exist to push them for ward as existed on the other part of the line. The directors proposed to have another call in the month of January, and perhaps one during next year, after that they believed they would not agai-A, have to call upon the shareholders. The Hon. W. EDEN seconded the adoption of the report, and the motion was agreed to. A motion for holding the half yearly meetings of the company in the months of February and August was then agreed to, and the proceedings closed with a vote of thanks to the chairman. SOUTH EASTERN. The gross traffic receipts on this company's line for the four weeks ending Oct. 24 amounted to £100,505, from which was deducted £2,998 for collecting and delivering goods, &c., leaving £97,507. To this was added £1,538 for rents and sundries, and £5,160 for steampacket service, mak ing the total receipts £104,205. From this was deducted for expenses £44,925, including rates, taxes, tolls, Government duty, and expenses of steampacket service, leaving £39,253. The total receipts for the 12 weeks and one day ending as above amounted to £352,469, and the expenditure to £131,286, leaving a net sum of .E 218,183. EAST NORFOLK. On Saturday a meeting, influentially attended, was held at Norwich for the purpose of promoting this project, which has received the support of Lord Wodehouse, Lord Suffield, Sir Jacob Preston and other landowners in the parishes pro posed to be traversed. The line is to commence at Thorpe, near Norwich, and run to North Walsham. It is proposed, to construct a branch to Aylsham ; and powers are also to be sought for carrying an extension from North Walsham to Cromer ; also to authorise the Great Eastern to subscribe to the undertaking, as well as to work the line and branches when completed. KNOTT END, FLEETWOOD, AND GARSTANG. A meeting of landowners and others interested in the foundation of this line was held on Thursday at Garstang to consider the propriety of applying to Parliament for powers to construct a railway from Knott End, near Fleet wood, to the Garstang station, to the Lancaster and Preston Railway. The length of the proposed line will be 10i miles. The estimated cost of the line was £60,000 miles. On the motion of Mr. HALL, seconded by Mr. BENNETT, a resolution approving the scheme was adopted. SOLWAY. Notice of application to Parliament has been given for constructing a railway across the Solway Frith, to com mence by a junction with the Caledonian railway, near the Kirtle-bridge station, passing across the Solway Frith by a bridge from Seafield Point to the Cumberland side of the Frith, near Bowness, thence to a junction with the Maryport and Carlisle railway, about ten miles from Maryport. Also another line connecting the Solway railway with the Annan Waterfoot on the Scotch side ; and on the Cumberland side a branch is projected to connect it with the Port Carlisle railway, and another connecting it with the Silloth and Carlisle railway at a point between Abbey Holm° and Kirk bride. VICTORIAN. The traffic receipts on the Victorian Government railways amounted, from the Ist of January to the 13th of August, on 196 miles of line to £272,912, or £1,392, and for the corresponding period of 1862, on 151 miles, to £150,823, or £999 per mile, showing an increase of £122,089. DEMERARA, The traffic receipts on this company's lino for the fort night ending the 17th of October amounted to 3,366 dols., and for the corresponding period of last year to 3,965 dole., showing a decrease of 579 dole. GREAT WESTERN OF CANADA. It appears that the loss on exchange by the conversion of American money received for the carriage of through traffic from the commencement of the current half-year to 31st October amounted to 53,342 dole. 90c., and at that date there was a further sum of American funds still re maining to be converted of 34,604 dols. [ADVERTISEMENT.I—HoIIoway's Ointment and Pills.— I ncreasing Mortality.—When the dangers from diarrhoea are so g ree t an d appall i ng as the weekly death list shows them to be at present, it behoves every mother and nurse to know that this Ointment rubbed upon the belly, aided bY moderate d oes of Holloway ' s Pills, proves the most simple, harmless and effective remedy. Thousands of dy children have b een instantaneously eased and ultimately times saved a bya ru bbing this an tid ota l o i n t men t t w i ce or t h ree with warm water. T • is the mostpractical in upon the abdomen after it has been fomented This course administering internal medicines; children's bowel com plaints, where there is a difficulty in ceeds where sedatives and ts have been fruitlessly prescribed,, ani this treatment sue- astring,en THE KING OF GREECE. Tho following is an extract from a letter dated Athens, Nov. 6 :—I meant to write last week, but as we were in all the excitement of the new King's arrival, I thought I would wait until that great event was over, as it will, per haps, amuse you to hear how it all passed. From the mo ment the telegram came to say he was on board the Hellas, and fairly sailed from Toulon, all the inhabitants of Athens lost the little good sense nature has gifted them with, and went stark mad. The town was full of strangers, come from Turkey, Egypt, the lonian Islands, &c., with the usual portion of English tourists--more than 30,000 it is said. Of course, though ho had been expected and hoped for for nearly a year, nothing was ready. I met the Demarque rushing frantically through the town to find linen to make his sheets, and mattresses for his bed, and a carriage and horses to bring him up from the Pirmus. However, by the time ho did at last land all was in perfect order. You cannot think how pretty the town looked—all the balconies and shops were decked with flags, Turkish shawls, brocades and myrtle and laurel in profusion, with a picture of his Majesty of some kind or other on every house, strings of coloured Chinese lanterns all across the streets, and lots of triumphal arches, and over all the glorious blue sky and bright sunshine of Greece. He was received at the Pincus by a Royal salute of 101 guns from 11 vessels of different nations in the harbour, the usual speeches, charity school hymns, &c., and then nearly all the inhabitants of the Pirmus ran alongside of his carriage up to Athens, shouting " Zeto," and tossing their fens in the air, and looking very picturesque with all their different costumes. He came into Athens by the new entrance, which strikes off near the Temple of Theseus, and comes by a wide, hand some street to the new Place de la Condoide, opposite M. Domando's house, which is now the bank ; thence along the Rue d' Elole, and up the Rue d'Hermes to the new cathedral, where there was a Te Deum sung ; from there to the square before the Palace (where we were stationed on a balcony), and from there up to the Palace, where he showed himself on the balcony, good-naturedly standing on a chair that ho might be well seen over the heads of all his entourage. You cannot conceive the enthusiasm and ex citement of the people, who, after all, are just grown-up children; but I think it is much to their credit that, in spite of all their crowding to get a sight of him, there was not a single accident or quarrel, and, still more wonderful, not one gun fired, as Mr. Scarlett had told the authorities that he was sure the young king would not relish that mode of rejoicing. In the evening there was a general illumina tion, which, with the help of the gay decorations, was really very presentable, and as it was a lovely evening the whole world walked about half the night. To be sure, the mise en scene is a great help to all fetes, with the Acropolis for back ground ; and the beautiful marble columns of the temples, lighted tip with an illumination look grand. The next morn ing he was walking about seeing all the antiquities, and in the evening there were fireworks at the Temple of Jupiter, at which about 60,000 people attended, and which the chil dren, who were there too, thought the most beautiful thing that ever was seen. The first act of authority of the new King was to order the throne which had been erected for him in the cathedral to be taken down, to request the people not to shout " Zeto" in the church, and to desire that the soldiers should never enter the church with their arms. On the Saturday he went to the National Assembly and took the oaths (in Greek), in the evening there was a great dinner at the Palace, and on Sunday morning he walked down to the Greek church, accompanied by one aide-de-camp, and attended the service, which raised the enthusiasm at least 100 per cent. He walks about all over the town in the most free and easy manner, and takes every occasion of recommending simplicity and economy. When Haydi Petro was presented to him, covered with gold embroidery (and coming, of course, to ask for a place), the King asked him if there were any gold mines in his p rov i nce , an d then told him that h e t h oug h t the money thr own awa y which was spent in ador n i ng one ' s person, &c. Of cou rse , we cannot judge yet of what sort of a king he will be, but he has at least had the tact to debuter very well, Count Sponneck seems a very clever, decided sort of person, too, so that I really think it promises well. They are busy now cooking a new Ministry, which is no easy task. Charles Soutyo has been named Marechal de Palais, and permission given to all King Otho's household, which had been exiled, to return to Athens whenever they like, as the King said he did not consider it at all just that any one should be persecuted for having shown himself faithful to his King. Next week he goes to Corfu to take possession of the Seven Islands, and I hear there aro great prepara tions making there too for his reception. Among others it was said that seven young ladies, to represent the Seven Islands, were to row him to shore, singing the national hymn ; but I hear he hinted that ho would greatly prefer listening to the young ladies on dry land, and being rowed by English sailors. We have had beautiful weather ever since he came, and though we are nearly dying of thirst for want of water, as it has not rained for nine months, no body complains." The American Crocodile at the Zoological Gardens. Mr. F. Buckland in aletter to the Field, says : " In the last _held I described this new arrival at the Gardens. I have since communicated with Dr. P. L. Sclater, secretary of the Zoological Society, on the subject, who has been kind enough to place in my hands the follow ing lively account of the capture of this animal, extracted from a letter addressed by Mr. Gray (corresponding mem ber of the society) to Dr. Sclater, the secretary ;—" Last voyage I instructed a fri en d o f m i ne t o purc h ase a l a r ge specimen of a caiman f or me, the price not to exceed 100 dols. (all charges includ e d), Two I nd i ans o ff ere d t o ge t one for me, which they ca dead, consequently I ptured in the Deeke and brought only paid the expenses, A smart active half-bred, named by myself ' Jacare' noted caiman hunter), agreed to procure one to supply the place of those which were defunct. In five days on my return to Car thagena from Yenta Marta, I was visited by a friend, who told me Jacare had turned a large alligator (caiman he meant) into his court-yard that morning, and would I make haste and have it removed, his wife being nervous and afraid of it, After despatching my official duties I went to view the ' beast.' It was in perfect health, and on my approach barked like a mastiff, and, with one whisk of his horny tail, cleared a cask of empty bottles, smashing all and lacerating his tail thereby, but slightly. " I ordered a cedar-wood box to be made for his enclosure by 4 p.m. the next day (at any reasonable price). At the appointed time for its readiness, I was shown a huge sar cophagus, which I at oncereduced myself, doffing my jacket to the labour, much to the surprise of the dozen carpenters who were too self-opinionated, even had they understood (much more) my mongrel articulation of their language. This done, I made them hammer it together firmly, fix nails ready for the cover, and march off with it to the court yard of my friend's residence. "Nov for the scrimmage ! We discovered on opening the gates of the cell in the court-yard, where he lurked im mured, that he had grown savage and surly in captivity, and determined upon resistance. I had invited a few of my immediate friends inside from the suff 'cation of the fancy coloured mob outside who crowded at the street doors; but they soon were scared with one or two exceptions,and those elevated themselves on tubs and other conveniences out of his reach, in case he broke from the rope which secured him by the tail ; but seeing this pretty safe they at length came to assist in the capture, which was not effected until the strength and patience of all were nigh exhausted, He couched himself open-mouthed, and floundered like a shark in our attempts to drop the noose round his jaws, that we might lay hold of him fearlessly, banging in the panels of the doors with his firm tail, and again getting among the bottles, which he whisked right and loft. Jacare, in the most courageous and sang froid style, seated himself on the reptile's back to bind the snout more securely, and then, with the assistance of myself and colleagues, lifted him into his coffin of a crib,' which I took the precaution to bed with rushes that he might wallow on through the tropics, and which at the same time would provide against the colder passage of the Channel. Sliding the lid on about three-quarters, we were enabled to relieve him of his fetters and let his jaws at liberty ; then sliding the cover the whole length, leaving a trap-door through which, during the voyage, we might note the welfare of the reptile. We proceeded with our menagerie, hoisted on a mule cart, in triumph to the wharf, followed by a motley mob of Hispano-Indian juveniles, and adults of both sexes, yelling and screaming in the zenith of their glee. Here, the crew suspecting, on our arrival, we shipped him in a canoe hired for the oc casion ; the next sensation scen e bein g the arrival alongside, f r om the size and shape of the pack age, it was some Imperial soulless body homeward bound." The creature is now in the gardens, and apparently in good health; he is about eight feet long. lam glad that I expressed my doubts in any last as to this boast being a true alligator, for Dr. Sclater tells ree that this specimen is the American crocodile (Croeodilus Americanus), and not the alligator. There is a very old joke that the difference between a crocodile and an alligator is " the same as be tween a solicitor and an attorney." The real zoological difference between the alligator and the crocodile is, that in the former the lower canine teeth fit into a hollow or pit in the upper jaw made for its reception, whereas in the latter these same canine teeth project on the outside, as we see sometimes the case in bulldogs. There is also a difference in the toes—the crocodile having webs to his toes, the alliga tor's toes being only partly webbed, and the outer toe being free, like a bird's claw. In America the terms alligator and crocodile are in ordinary parlance, I believe, applied indis criminately to both species. As we led our readers to anticipate, Major- General George Bell, C. 8., has succeeded to the re giment vacant by the decease of General Roderick Macneil. The transfer of Sir Patrick Grant from the 104th to the 78th Highlanders, furnishes the first instance of as Indian officer becoming colonel of an old Lino regiment. S ome financial details in connection with the transfer have been arranged, but beyond this there is nothing in the change which does not follow as a natural consequence of the amalgamation of the Indian with the Imperial forces. The old Line officers have nothing to complain of, inasmuch as one of their own body is provided for in the person of General Bell; and the 78th will not feel otherwise than pleased at having a a new chief who is so closely identified with the nationality whose fame they so admirably ms taim—Army and' .Navy Gazette; SPIRIT OP THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. SATURDAY REVlEW.—Englishmen have no right to censure thus far the policy of the Emperor of the French with respect to Poland. It is not altogether improbable that he may be more willing than his allies to engage in the dangerous enterprise of a Russian war. It may also be assumed that, in a general readjustment of Europe, he would desire to gratify his own ambition and the vanity of his sub jects by annexing to France the portion of Germany which lies on the left bank of the Rhine; and the territorial aggrandisement of a great military Power and the dismemberment of an inoffensive-Federa- tion are projects which English politicians justly regard as iniquitous and inadmissible. But a de sign which is not avowed, and possibly not con templated, can furnish no ground of remonstrance. The disposition to make sacrifices for the benefit of Poland would be generous and laudable; and if the Emperor Napoleon shrinks from the risk of a general war, a nation which shares the sympathies of France, while it nevertheless declines to act on the impulse of mere feeling, is not in a position to upbraid a more excitable neighbour with the charge of either turbulence or timidity. It must be confessed that Lord Russell's Russian correspondence and its re sults are not gratifying to national pride. A great preponderance of opinion sanctions the inaction of the Government, but prudent acquiescence in wrong is rather excusable than glorious. It will, on the whole, b 3 satisfactory to find that France is checked either by the same obstacles which prevent English interference, or by the refusal of her allies to pledge themselves to a joint course of proceeding. The Governments which look passively on the extermi nation of the Poles perform the mutual service of keeping each other in countenance; and if England has been baffled and defied by Russia, it is something that France and Austria have been similarly affronted. There must be strong reasons for the general suppression of resentment, and if the attempt at negotiation was a mistake, the blunder is common to the three Powers. It is true that France was ready for war, if England and Austria would have shared the un dertaking ; but Lord Russell had, from the com mencement of the negotiation, repeatedly disclaimed all intention of appealing to arms. Any implied menace which was conditional on the co-operation of England was nugatory and abortive. It is not yet certain whether France may determine on se parate interference. The Emperor probably con structed the ambiguous portion of his speech for the express purpose of retaining to himself liberty of decision. He propounds the alternatives of war and silence only to reject their. in favour of his own proposal of a Congress; and it might be reasonably inferred that, if Europe declines to enter on a peace able discussion, it only remains for France to fall back on her military resources. It is argued with much force that Russia will refuse to discuss the question of Poland, and that Austria will be equally unwilling to submit her Italian title to controversy. A Congress is, in truth, only a contrivance for ascertaining in a more formal manner the conse quences either of a war or of measures which have been previously determined. Nothing can be more dissimilar than a representative Assembly, which is supposed to have common interests, and a confer ence of Plenipotentiaries engaged in defending the conflicting claims of their respective Courts. At present, the Congress, if it meets, will be ham pered by peremptory instructions, framed for the express object of limiting its competence to se condary arrangements. In general, it may be assumed that no Power is prepared to surrender any portion of its territory for the sake of pro viding► compensation to its neighbours. The map of Europe will only be altered by war ; and if the treaties of Vienna are obsolete, the various Sove reigns must rely, not on any new system of conven tions, but on simple possession. Lord Russell has confi ied himself, in his last Russian despatch, to a hint that the Crown and Constitution of Poland were created by the same instrument. It would have been inexpedient to dispute more explicitly the legitimacy of a tenure which is at present only disturbed by the insurgents. On the whole, a Congress seems to be almost useless, but until the answers of the Govern ments to the French invitation are published, and some faint notion can be formed of the subjects to be discussed, it is impossible to say whether the scheme offers aso ution of existing difficulties. Some de voted partisans in France assert that the proposal of a Congress is an illustration of the axiom in which the Empire was once identified with. peace. But the most insatiate conqueror might be satisfied to attain his objects without the risk and anxiety of war. Even the first Napoleon seldom invaded a neighbouring country until its Government had re fused compliance with some extravagant demand. His successor is more prudent and moderate, nor ca❑ it be doubted that he would prefer the peaceful triumph of his policy. Sr ECTATOR.—On the brightest of autumn days the King of Prussia met his'new Parliament in the White Hall of the Royal Palace, and addressed it in words which Europe weighs and scrutinises in vain. The art of composing a King's speech, the art of . . . combining words into vague sentences which leave the speaker's purpose in aeso:ute doubt, seems to be the only art of constitutional government which German Ministers are capable of learning or willing to adopt. Even the hasty summons which called the Crown Prince from England to Berlin, in order that he might stand at his father's right hand while tne cabalistic words were spoken, is susceptible of a double interpretation. Well-wishers of the Prus sian Monarchy will hope that it is a proof that the King has so altered his policy as to conciliate that one of his subjects who has most to fear from the vagaries of Herr von Bismark; while they who put not trust in princes will see in it only an unscru pulous attempt to make the King's eldest son seem to approve what he most condemns, and involve him in the consequences of a policy of which he is not the accomplice. Amid such uncertainties, even the utterance of the royal orator has been carefully noted, and we learn that the speech was delivered " without much emphasis," except that he raised his voice "considerably" in reading the paragraphs which related to the re-organisation of the army. This incident, trifling as it may seem, is so entirely in harmony with the character and opinions of King William, that it may be taken as conclusive upon one point. He is determined to have his own way about the number of his soldiers. If the Lower House cannot make up its mind to give way upon this, no reconciliation between the King and his faithful Commons is possible. Without expressing any very firm belief in the conciliatory intentions of the King, or at least in his being willing to make such concessions as could alone be considered satisfactory by the nation, we confess to being very much less sanguine as to the manageableness of the Chamber. The Government has used its utmost influence, and it has achieved the return of twenty six additional supporters. It has now a party of thirty-seven, and the most despised of all the Minis ters, Von Roon, the chief of the War Department, has a seat in the Chamber. But this splendid vic tory has been gained at the expense of the moderate section of the Deputies. This party has well nigh disappeared, and the extreme Radicals have gained far more of the seats which it has left vacant than the Crown. A clear majority of 260 stands face to face with M. Von Bismark, and the larger number of these gentlemen may not improbably consider themselves pledged to take up an attitude of firm resistance. If so, the King'a pride will be very likely to take fire, and then all hopes of a compromise are at an end. Another dissolution, more royal ordinances must inevitably follow, and though, we think, there is no immediate prospect of absolute resistance to the power of the Crown, the whole mass of the middle classes will be silently leavened by that distrust of the royal family, the first mutterings of which may already be heard in private society. Even the sincerity of the Crown Prince is suspected. "The Hohenzollerns," people are beginning to say, "are always liberal till they mount the throne. We shall never have constitua tional government till we make a clean sweep of the reigning dynasty, as they did in England and in France." if this feeling once becomes general, revolution, sooner or later, is inevitable. That it may be averted is our earnest wish, if only because the Prussian royal family is so closely allied to our own. But it cannot be denied that, when the hopes of those who desire peace rest principally on the chance that, on the one hand, an obstinate monarch in the hands of a Minister with whom arrogance is a disease, and, on the other, a Chamber exasperated by the denial of their rights, may re spectively obey the voice of reason rather than of passion, and be guided by a calm consideration of their own interests and that of the country, the prospect is at best but a gloomy one; and one hopes rather than expects that they may be spared those calamities which have ordinarily been the result of such a situation of affairs. LONDON REVIEW.—The selection of Dr. Trench to fill the archiepiscopal throne of Dublin is an event which seems to give unfeigned satisfaction to the clergy of the Church in Ireland. It has rescued them from the alarm into which they were thrown by the rumoured nomination of Canon Stanley; and the present jubilation may no doubt in a thede gree be owin g t o a re li e f f e lt a t the escape_ of Irish Church from the sway of a possible. eo logi cal metropolitan. It is true that theysh Uw_niversity,9_uDj 16 base preferred that an alumnus of the and clergyaian of their own branch o f the pointed Esta blished Church should have been vacant post , but, the fates bein they being will accep that t P a to the d v erse to contingency, it is probab_lreithatsharan as a very good orthodoxy plus half an 1 archbishop. But Dean u lLr h en ch is re the r e ally ional blo tha n half a Hibernian. his veins has not be en thou g h elaborated from Irish beef and potatciesi or oxodised by an Irish atmo sphere, he is by extraction, both on his father's and his mother's side, descended from some of the oldest and most respectable famiiies in Ireland, being first cousin and brother-in-law of Lord Ash town, and connected with Lords Clancarty, Drog heda, and Bloomfield, the Whites of Woodlands, and several Trench families in that country. And, wiaat is even more to the point in the sister isle, he is an Irish landlord, possessing considerable pro perty there bequeathed to him by his father. His father, who was a scion of the Trench stock of the county of Galway, settled in England about sixty years ago, at Botley, in Hants, where he rendered most valuable services in 1835 to Lord Palmerston, at a Then celebrated county election. It is sup posed that to a gratitude for these services, as well as to the patronage of the Bishop of Oxford, who has always entertained the highest opinion of Dr. Trench, the latter is indebted both for his pre sent promotion and for that to the Deanery of West minster. Dr. Trench's mother, an interesting vo lume of whose " Remains" was, it will be remem bered, published by her son last year, was grand daughter to the celebrated Dr. Chenevix, Bishop of Waterford, and intimate friend of Lord Shaftes bury, of whom the story is told that, on King George objecting to his appointment to an Irish bishopric, as recommended by his friend, then L ord-Lieutenant of Ireland, when " the King wished he would look out for another Bishop," Lord Shaftesbury somewhat tartly replied, " that he wished the King would look out for another Lord- Lieutenant." Such is the extraction of the man who has been nominated Archbishop of Dublin—a cir cumstance which will no doubt help to allay the fellings of disappointment of such Irishmen as may still look unfavourably on the metropolitan see of Dublin being twice in succession conferred on an English clergyman. But whatever may be the value of Irish extraction, the Dean of Westminster's character as a scholar, philologist, and divine of pious and exemplary life, as well as of kind and gracious manners, is the qualification which will most recommend him to the affection of the Irish people ; and probably very few men could be found better fitted to be placed at the head of the Irish Church in the metropolis of Ireland at the present conjuncture. The mantle of Archbishop Whately has indeed fallen on him, and it will be no easy task in some respects to fill the place of one who was a very giant in intellectual strength and activity ; but the circumstances of the country, political par ties, prejudices, the very aspect of things have changed there since the day that Dr. Whately first seized the helm to guide the Irish Church through the greatest perils to which it was ever, or probably ever will be, exposed. At that time, when the war fare of party strife caged with its deadliest animo sity, a man was wanted of determined purpose, in domitable resolution, comprehensive grasp of intel lect, and overwhelming power of argument, to take the lead—a man so devoted to truth and to the wel fare of humanity, that no amount of obloquy or de traction could turn him from his purpose. Such a man was found in Dr. Whately, raised up as it were specially for the occasion, whose praises future ge nerations will record, on account of the success with which he preached religious toleration, promoted the education of the people, and raised the Irish Church in the estimation of the world. But those days are now gone by ; the lesson of toleration has been learned, the bitterness of controversy is fast passing away, and the man that is wanted now is one who can rather throw oil on the troubled waters, assuage the angry spirit of controversy, compose differences, draw opposing parties together by the links of common agreement, and promote the unity of the spirit in the bond of peace. Such a man it is to be hoped—it is to be presumed—has been found, and that Lord Palmerston has in his days shown as wise a discrimination in choosing the pre sent Archbishop of Dublin, as Earl Grey, more than 30 years ago, did in selecting his predecessor. It is to be hoped that his archiepiscopate, among other good works, may be distingu:shed by the termina tion of this unhappy but protracted religious war fare, with all its distrust, bitterness, and vitupera tion ? The promotion of Dr. Trench to Dublin has been followed by that of Canon Stanley to the dean ery of Westminster. The rejected, or perhaps more truly the rejector, of Dublin, becomes the accepted in a position of scarcely less importance and influ ence than that of a bishopric, affording at the same time a learned leisure which few bishops enjoy. The associations of Westminster, its antiquity, its gran deur, its metropolitan connection, and social advan tages thence arising, offer inducements to a man of Dr. Stanley's cast of mind which no Irish archbi shopric can possess. In such a field an ample scope is afforded for the exercise of the ability, scholar ship, and refined tastes for which the name of the Oxford Regius Professor is so widely celebrated. EXAIAIINER.—If any future measure of electoral reform could give us all over the country constitu encies and members in such frank and cordial rela tions to each other as Mr. Henry Berkeley and the electors of Bristol, that is a point at which we could be very well content to say, Rest and be Thankful. Nobody can read Mr. Berkeley's speech at the Bris tol meeting this week without liking the wholesome English ring of the frank cordiality to which an audience that crammed the Broad Mead Rooms re sponded with true heartiness. Such interchange of good will between member and constituency has lasted now for the lifetime of a generation, during all which time M r. Berkeley has fought the battle of the bal lot in the interests not of the mean, but of the poor, to the end that every constituency in the land may have, as Bristol has, a representative after its own heart, who has not bought it, and who can keep its suffrages only by a frank and faithful independent service. The Liberals often hurt their cause in local contests by carrying their principle of independence into a needless division about trifles ; and in larger fields of discussion Liberals are often spoilt as party men, and become hindrances to the due rate of political growth by a philosophical indifferentism based on the too quiet certainty that the right ad vance in the right time is inevitable_ We are rather apt, therefore, to go on wearing an out-grown poli tical garment till we split it, and so come at the final argument for renovation. But on the whole that which is thought the source of weakness in the Liberal party belongs to its life and strength. Its battle is for the utmost exercise of ra tional liberty, its aim is to encourage everywhere the exercise of independent thought. But the mainspring of Toryism is a high regard for autho rity. It is a sort of political Catholicism, and its necessary result is to maintain unity by many sacrifices of individual doubts to the faith taug it by its high priests. Such unity shows a broad front, but is in England weaker than it looks; as weak as we, in fact, know it to be. For the pre dominant temper of the nation is on the side of independence, which breeds individuality, and therefore diversity of judgment. The Liberal party mirrors back even in its faults the national charac ter, its weakness is the weakness and its strength the strength of England. There will always be a sound body of Englishmen who lay chief stress on respect for authority of dignitaries, great names, precedents ; and it is well for us that their common principle of thought is one that enables them always to work together as " a compact body of men." If it did not, they would be a rope of sand where they are now a not unserviceable holdfast. But on the other side every man who vigorously acts on his fresh, independent impalse, and labours forward, caring less to reverence what has been settled than to strive towards the highest right, is a power in the country speaking the true mind of an active section of the English people. It is this that pro duces the apparent anomaly in England of a Liberal party strong though it seems loosely formed of dis united parts, facing a Tory party numerically strong in a Parliament of its own calling and per fectly compact, while yet really so weak that it has been able to profit nothing by the arguments and counter-arguments dividing its opponents. Nevertheless we must desire to see among Liberal statesmen and politicians perhaps some occasional sacrifice of opinion on trifles, and certainly a more active determination to make the adaptation of laws to the people advance at a pace fairly proportioned to the progress of society. COURT JOURNAL.—The Emperor has followed up the idea which he so ably expressed in his speech by issuing a letter to each of the European Sovereigns asking them in courteous and on elo quent terms to form part of a gener al Euro apsat Congress to meet at Paris, and to discuss, s i o seems, all the much-vexed questions which tent States long agitated the larger and more F im p n o c r e this Con of Europe. That., on the part of fully u gress will not be made to serve any constitutional principles is by providence these words: " Called to the thronele, p but trained in and the will of the French rselfiers'ehnotreeadn tbiy- Pla"rhaps less allowable the school of adversity, the f rightspepl pef ople." Sovereigns and the legitimatebserves—" If I take the for me than any other to And again his Majnest oyveurture I do iaot yield to an os a e ignorepir a t ions initiative in such . mbitious projects, I have it at most credited with a impulse of vanity, but, as I am a Sovereign the - object is to arrive without a shock at the pecifi. heart to prove by a . frank and loyal step that my sole cation of Europe." So that not only is his purpose to bring about a well-regulated and legitimate as well as popular state of things, but he also ex• pressly declares that he wishes to arrive at a ist his speech, wthioh " pacification of Europe," and that, too, " wi t h out a s hock " of preliminary war or contention. Th e on l y p to ar w t h o i f c t a he w E e e m a p ti e i r n or a 's n l y et w te a r y , as well as of hs h t he epeaks of the treaties of Vi enna as t hi ngs pest,and not to be observed by th e Powers ()° Europe, the Tl:is is somewhat locse p o liti ca l morality ; l or although it is true that men like Victor Emm a n ue l (and we hear some readers - whisper, like Napoleon hi mse lf !) have not always acted in good faith whew they first obtained possession of their present dominions, it is none the less imperative on great nations like England, Austria, and France, to ob serve treaties and stipulations to which they are pledged by the acts of their former reprementatives. The Emperor, under the guise of a compliment ( w hi c h carried under it a stin g of some aharpness), b roug ht forward the examp le of En g land herself as having violated previous parts by her cession ri of the lonian Isla nds a g ainst the wishes of Austa and the other protecting Powers, whom she was bound to consult on the question. It wak; very " generous," doubtle ss, to g ive away that hick never belonged to us. But though this country 0t! this occasion certa inl y betra y ed the trust confide a to it by the Great Powers, the treaties of Vienna , Westphalia, and many others, are none the lesst binding upon good fa ith and honesty, in spite of the contrary assertions of the Bonapartes, who have e little reason to look b ack with satisfaction to hem year 1815. It remains for Na p oleon to render them null by obtaining the consent of the contracting parties to their revocation ; and if this can be done with safety and advantage to Europe, by all means let the counsels of the Emperor and M. Drouye de Lhuys prevail in the Congress which is shortly self te , asse mble at Paris. The Empero r announces hims t° " ready without preconc eived s y stem to brieg an International Congress the spirit of roo,-leratioe and justice, ordinarily the portio n of those whe have endured so many various t rials." But w;l1 th° other potentates of Europe be eq uall y inclined to I follow his commendable example ? COUNTRY MARHETS• __-.1----- -- YORK—SATURDAY. We were supplied with barely an average lot of whe 4t3 to-day. • Buyers operated more freely , and preview; ta'' were a shade better. Selected samples of barley made lasi, week's currencies; grinding sorts slow. Oats met with e h ea lthy demand, at former rates. Beans in favour of the seller. Wheat, red 38s to 41s Oats.... lBs to 20; White do .40s to 458 Beans Barley .30s to 32s Peas Malt, 62s to 64s per qr.; rye, 30s per qr - ; ..— f1 4 0 0- t s' u tt i o° to 32s per sack. NORWICH—SATURDAY. There was rather a limited supp l y of wheat to-day, 131/ a full attendance of buyers. The sales made were elfeotea at fully is advance upon last week's rates for all sa rape s ' A .good show of barley, an d late p rices were maintaui. 64' Flour and other articles as before. White wheat. 44s to 45 , I Red wheat ........ 36s to 3 75 Malting barley ...36s to 38s I Chevalier barley...34s to 3 55 , Distilling toto 35s I Oats. ...... 21s to 0' Flour, 31s Od —s Od per sack from the miller. GRANTHAM—SArunDA Y. Old white wheat, 43s to 4es ; red, 40s to 43sper 363 t• ne w white, 40s to 4 3 5; red, 38 s to 408. Malting bold *2 t; 34s to 38s per qr ; grinding , 28s to 30s • o ats, old, , S 30s; new, 20s to24s ; beans , 40s to 425; Peas, 34s to 400. NORTHAMPTON —SATURDAY. t There was about an average show of wheat -° —White wheat, 40s to 44 s ; red, 35s to 42s ; fltletqos, to —s pet qr. Barley, 35s to 39grinding, '2Bs to ; co ; Oats, 28s to 328 per 24 stone. Beans, 38s to 425. . 1 34s to 40s per qr. NOTTINGHAM —SATURDAY. A rather limited supply of wheat at market to-daY, lass the usual attendance of farmers. A firm trade, and re d• prices maintained. Barley and othe r articles unalte,v. —White wheat, from 43s to 45 5; re d wheat, 35s to ' Data Barley—malting, 33s to 40s ; grinding , 28s to 31s. ,534 old, at 24s to 31s Od; new, 22s to 268 . B eans sold at to 43s per qr. ; new, 388 to 425. LICESTER—. There was a fair show of wheat to-day, SATITRDA with a readY b Uie at a slight advance on last week's prices. Barley in toler. 6 o o. show at fully late rates. Oats held at about late P er 36 —New white wheat, 41s to 445; red, 39s to 41s P Wi g, stone. Old red, 39s to 41s per 36 stone. Barley, Tr o t* new, 34s to 38s per qr.; grinding, 29s to 32e; (",,, c oit 25s to 30s; new oats, 22s to 25s per 24 stone. . old, 38s to 428 per 38 stone ; flour, 30s to 35 s per 20 PO - e Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. 1 . v. IS. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton........o°" v 1.,!. via Marseilles . .. Nov. 4. Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. ....... Dec' 0, Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Hele.titt• • 14°° ' IS• China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton.N °v• e l ' i. ,. via Marseilles . • •N ..... Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton .............. I\' ° ," iS. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton..N"). • 0. via Marseilles....No ' • 2 6, India (Bombay), via Southampton ...... NoV , Q a, via Marseilles Portugal Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton...... .................. PN N e o °e :: , -1. 1 . via Marseilles ........ Nov. ;1 , Newfoundland Oporto and Vigo .... l 9, U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet Nov by U.S. packet 13. by Canadian packet Nov. i, W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe Nov. lu. Bahamas, via Now York Nov. ,-, ,°' Mexico Nov. :`" All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, J Nov. 13, California. and British Columbia.. WILLS AND BEQUESTS.—The will of the Valer, ' Thos. Kaye Bonney, M.A., archdeacon of L eicest prebendary of Lincoln, rector of Coningsby and of I`lof manton, was administered to in the London Co urt by te s' sister, Mrs. Nevinson, as his only next of ki n. The Le' the n Jam es sltvaweitylool, sworn, whoddiuei d endd a e b r z achelor ; and his sister, Miss Henrietta .130°- was priorth u e ,too e o x o e t. c h_ u_ e t er r andi h s e. wil testator.o 0 1 of TheleGg General a t e ep e reli n ri r os i l l t l Lillyman Caldwell, G.C.8., of Beachlands,lsle O-f 1 1 Vig t iit hf; and of Portland-place, was proved in Loudon c at O r " e th executors and trustees—namely, Mrs. Sulliva n, tor's daughter ; Mr. Edward Cockburn KinderleYi Ge/I.LeT Duncan Smith, E.1.C., and Mr. Charles Baker, 0' coln's-inn ; the personalty being sworn under •412,;,a This gallant military officer was a genera l in the, 111"'";130 army, served under Lord Cornwallis, wa s present at two sieges of Seringapatam, and commande d the Bnginc: 0 at the capture of Mauritius. Sir James attained 151' of 93. His will bears date ISSS, with tw o codicils ; After making a few bequests to relatives and Bonitohter °' sonal friends, the testator leaves to h is daugef executrix, Mrs. Sullivan, a life interest in the 0 ,1131 a £50,000, and upon her decease bequeaths L 20,000 to 11 daughter (the testator's granddaughter) , Lady Lees;',Aarti £30,000 amongst his great grandchildre n, the six. (311—nelli of Sir John and Lady Lees, being £5,000 to each ;, appoints his said daughter, Mrs. Sullivan, residuary tee.—The will of Mr. James William Gilbar t, of BroLoPtA).i: crescent, late general manager of the London and `yes minister Bank, was proved in the London Court .• his executors, Mr. I. W. Weldon, manager of tif r Westminster branch of the London and Westrairist Bank ; Mr. Thomas Hewart, secretary of the l'l' vi° l ; cial Bank of Ireland ; and the Rev. Joseph lit b9 o , l l l Smith (husband of the testator's niece, Mrs. Sarah' was worn under Figgis Smith)• The personal propertY £35,000. The . testator died on the Sth of August last, hav:. ing executed his will in 1857, and two codicils in 1861-.1 He h as made a liberal provision for the children of hi niece, Mrs. Smith, appointinc, her son, James WilliamsGilber Smith, residuary legatee. There are numerous legae.ie!, specific and pecuniary, left to personal friends, °Moo! of banking. houses, and to his executors. There 1117. a special direction in his will that his shares I the Bank of Australia s hall be sold, aTndd© the Pr () ; ceeds held in trust, and designated " The GO ° Memorial and Publication F und, to be applied to th e undermentioned purposes —namely, the erection of a mono" ment, or some other memorial , of him in commemoration of the interest he took in banking operations, a nd 0 6 the first manager of the first jo int-stock bank in London; the distribution of copies of his w orks on banking business, bound, and, together with a n engraving fficials, of himself an d o ther; presented to the directors , managers, o with whom ho had been connected in banking transactions in England, Ireland, and other parts.—lllustrated Londot News. Births• ALEXANDER. —On the 13th inst., at Windsor, the wife of Lieut.. Colonel Alexander, Grenadier Guards, preoitv turely, of a daughter, stillborn. HAMMOND--On the 13th inst., at StrathedenVillas, Starch' green, Ddrs• F• W. Hammond, of a son. IturroN.--On the 12th inst., at Ardee House, A d I re ; land, the wife of William Ruston, E r ee ' 1 , 1 ,0 L. sq., of a sou h e ir. .•—On the 11th inst., at 11, Qu een ' s -t er race, S e ' gent's ark Mrs. Augustus Wildy, of a daug ht e r. -P Marriages. pettP' BULMER—PRITCHARD.—On the 10th inst., at St. r d , to Notting-hill, John Whitfeld Bulmer, Esq. Ilerel °l forcl Emily second daughter of Thomas Pritchard, Beck' House, Devon, GILMOUR—FOSSITT.—On the 10th inst., at Parsontolreland, George George Gilmour, Esq., 21st Fusiliers ,tO 1:1 16 becca, fourth da ug ht er o f John Fossitt. E B q 9 ° Island, King' s C ounty. , BOWDEN.—On the 12th inst., at No. 14, Deaths. street, Exeter sudden] of apoplexy, Dlr. 1 it). Bowden, an old and respected y' inhabitant of that c Deeply regretted by his family and friends. „„oet BROW NE.—On the 12th i t Lee,Kent, IV. P . ns ~ at Esq., aged 70. ; brotil COTTON —On the 13th inst., at the house of h' s n i i'LP'' ParkfiAd, Kenilworth, Edward Cotton, Esq'' - mall, London, aged 74. coast,. 4 ee.f GREENWOOD.—On the filth inst.,at 2, Manor, d 57, Upper Holloway, Michael Greenwood, Esq., ar ,e o ral' i.,,attle , v, 0' SRUTTLEWORTH.—On the 12th inst., W. 5..-- - 3 4, f:c Esq., of Plaistow Hall, Bromley, Kent, and 11 311", church-street, city, aged 61. ' hurcb) THOMPSON,— On the 13th inst., at Christchur ch, Bartholotoirp; d , s tre,„ Jonathan Thompson, Esq , aged 90. m on oe- IVITHERS.—On the 13th inst., at Great 0 , ~f Queen-square , John Alexander Withers, }- , Sq't v borne,Dorset, aged 76. age . )0 lir SUN Off iee 1-‘ ‘ n itY ‘ t n the C°ll - Strand, :n the Precinct of the 3a7y._ . LonodfenN:o.Prnlzescitarannddl,;2?riinstheerd, t a ) , \TVIIIELLIAMAr, , o , 1 Ididdicifex.—MonclAY , DTQVcW ) " . 16 ' 16‘id -..... _ r i l H that ti the gh Patty v street N ovei i The the 201 '27, c p 1 1 Ch' tin Tom ,Pan (LO/ Th a John Rict ia 1-kom Con ilobei anci Janet nin: Ildwa stre lY iii; Rai Alber E.O Georg of t Come Thorn lam SoLic MAN. Cur anti a Int cent. beloA Whei allow Dej Inter ' Curre acq E cicsir4 Thi inclu in Lc able I T h Lo E No. 1 A tree near be (3 ,, corr 4 --____ A t ree Ivher at re — e then —__ 1 0r c p(,r s Brat 1:1 1 tent, 'Vent the and Pub] et re, 11 15