The Sun. — London, England, 1863-10-30 00:00:00

THE SOUTHERN CONFEDERACY, (Front the Times' 'Special Correspondent.) RICHMOND, Sept. 20. It is mgeh to b© desired, in the interest of scien fic military history, that the chronicle of the events which, since the 10tH of July, have accompanied the remarkable siege of Charleston, and of those which will intervene between the present date and its pro bably remoter termination, should hereafter be given to the word, under the interpretation of two com petent military engineers, writing one from the Northern, the other from the Southern, point of v i ew - The indications at present are, that in wealth o; guns, in the weight of their metal, in the scien tific application of military engineering, in the abun dance of resource, wielded both by attack and de fence, and in its duration, the siege of Charleston will tower above all other sieges of modern history and v, ill point many a moral in the pages of future Vaubans. kinay be interesting to your readers that I'Aould briefly recapitulate some of the prominent incidents which have illustrated the siege during the present month, and which have at this moment inclined the balance so strongly in favour of the de finders that, in this mercurial community, anxiety and uneasiness have ceased to hover over Charleston harbour, and have been transferred to the momen tous operations of Generals Rosencranz and Bragg. The month opened and found the Federals firmly planted on Morris Island,. under cover of an en filading fire from the new Ironsides and the seven Monitors which lay off the island. sap was unweariedly pressed forward 'Their r l fl a y 1 e got g nearer and nearer to Battery Wagner, which, after their previous repulse, it would appear that the Federals had little stomach again to attack by as sault. But, not satisfied with the approach to their parallels close up to the battery, the Federal General and Admiral seem to have desired to cap ture not only the work itself, which it may be presumed they thought was about to be evacuated, but also all its guns and its garrison. Accord ingly, shortly after midnight on the sth instant an attack by men boats and launches was di rec t e d against Battery Gregg, which stands at the extreme northern point of Morris Island, and lies between Fort Sumter and Battery Wagner. The Confede rates were not unprepared for the assault, and at the proper moment two signal rockets wer e sen t up f rom Battery Gregg, and in an instant torrents and hail storms of shot and shell were poured from all sides into Lighthouse Creek, where the enemy was as sembling. In a quarter of an hour all was over. The Federals retired without attempting to land, and not a little astonished to find into what a hor nets' nest they had run their heads. On the night of the 6th the Federal sap was within a few yards of Battery Wagner, and they were raising their parapets so high that in a short time they would have had no difficulty in leaping into the work, as the French leaped into the Mala koff. It became evident to General Beauregard that the hour for his evacuation of a battery, which had without injury stood two months of unparalleled bombardment, was at hand. The Federals had been swarming along the coast in barges mounted with howitzers and fie'd-pieces, protected by two Moni tors; but they were driven off by a well-directed fire before the embarkation of the Confederates com menced. The evacuation itself was skilfully and auxessfully conducted. From Batteries Gregg and Wagner there were brought off 2,000 men (200 o them wounded), and the only loss sustained was that of one boat, in which were a lieutenant and six men. There were left to the enemy a few big guns in Bat tery Wagner which were entirely worn out, having been fired some 1,500 times apiece. The only mis• carriage was the failure to blow up the works, in consequence of bad fuzes, which did not explode— a failure which will, perhaps, save the Federals a few days' labour. The general feeling in Charles ton is that the only effect produced by the fall of these batteries will be to make Fort Sumter hotter than ever, and to expose the batteries on James Island towards Shell Point to a more galling fire. It is interesting, lam told, to hear the garrisons of these evacuated batteries compare their experiences. There seems to be a general con currence as to the fact that the new Ironsides was by far the most formidable of their antagonists on the water. The fire of the Monitors was little heeded. Upon the morning of the Bth the Federals, em boldened by the capture of the whole of Morris Island, and thinking that the turn of their fleet had now come, opened a very heavy fire from the new Ironsides and seven Monitors, assisted by several land batteries, upon Forts Sumter and Moultrie. There can be little doubt that, although the bom bardment of the 7th of April attracted far more notice, the bombardment of the Bth of September was a more formidable affair, and that upon the latter occasion the Federal ironclads were much more roughly handled. After an engagement of about two hours the Ironsides crawled - slowly out of action, with great commotion visible upon her deck, and was soo❑ followed by the Monitors, some of which were, as was patent to observers with powerful glasses, greatly injured. Since that day up to the present hour none of the Monitors have taken any part in assailing the land batteries, and there are now only five of these sea monsters, in stead of the ordinary seven, visible from St. Nliehael'o Tower. But the night of the Bth seems to have been thought by the Federals a favourable moment for an attempt to take Fort Sumter by storm. It was believed that the fort was held 'nlY by a handful of men ; that it was a mass of ruins, up which the assailants could climb without difficulty, and that it would, after the prise. bom bardment tat of the morning, be taken by sur , as on the occasion of the assault upon Battery B re the ;hunchesggi a storm of shot and shell saluted the attacking party. Only an in significantnumbernumb of Federals landed at the fort, who to th e among of rather more than 100 were taken prisonerss— a nephew of Genet the captured officers being a Nle.ade. It is the opinion of the best Confederate e ngineers that Fort Sumter, as it now stands, strengthenedtak by the copious use of sandbags, can only 1 3 , 0 it continues, assault, and that if the garrison holding whi c h can as heretofore, to do its duty, no assault Nv n be directed against it gives much promise of su ea c e : Fort Sumter does not appear to be thought essen% if I am not tll o the defence of Charleston ; but, the mistaken, the pride of South Carolina is as much engaged in determi nation to hold the first building v a . Massa planted a Sumte r r ke it. Secession flag in triumph, i as .s the p r i e d i : chusetts engaged in the determination to retake Niusrbl to Since the night attack upon Fort the present hour the vigour of the attackhas abated. No one for a moment doubts that it will hereafter be resumed, but the indications are that, in addition to being slightly puzzled as to the best method of attack, the Federals are awaiting a fresh supply of heavy guns. There can be no manner of doubt that the wear and tear of rifled guns, fired repeatedly at high elevations, is excessively great. This circumstance, and the consequent value of rifled guns, have occasioned a good deal of regret to be felt in regard to the bursting, upon its first discharge, of one of the large Blakeley guns re cently imported from England, and from which great things were expected. A great variety of opinion has been expressed here and in Charleston in reference to the bursting of this gun, but the opinion of Captain Brooke appears to be that a re eeBB.which exists in the beech of the gun was in tended by Captain Blakeley to act as a gas chamber, joste,td of being (as was, I understand, the case) 1111 " with gunpowder. It is scarcely credible that a have b g t :il ia of this magnitude and cost should g subjected to leave England with oat being permitted r to such searching tests as would at have forbidden its bursting on the first di se te should do It is not necessary that I moreetuhiaaartgaiate that idle rumours have extensively circulated in Charleston to th e effect that the gun h a d burst before, and that the cracks had been filled up with putttty,bbut it is to be hoped that the mischance the gun, l and that to some mis take in loading , whicht hat better fortune will attend its twin brother, t.n reasong Only has not as y e t arrived at Charleston. There seems excellent l still to believe that against i ron plating Captain Brooke's large rifled gun has no stiperior, one of these guns has (if I am not mistcaokneene)lbneeenneeasoyfet employed at Charleston, and, in mistake as to its charge, this gab, after a great many very rapid discharges, cracked ono of its bands, leaving, however, many of its brethren be hind it at Charleston, which will make th , mselves felt as the siege progresses, and which will be more carefully handled hereafter. Nevertheiess, if the siege is to be nothing more nor less t iaa.n a struggle between scientific engineers the chacees are that, give them time enough, and the Federals will win. They have quite as much science as the Confederates and far better and illimitable material. The utmost confidence is felt by the Confederates that if it comes to mere fighting "belly to belly"—the style of fighting which General Longstreet is said always to adopt—they have nothing to fear from their opponents. The influence of such a protracted agony as the siege upon the character of the inhabitants and de fenders of the beleaguered city is likely to be strange has rf ul effe effect in and worthy of remark. It Battery Wagner has exercised a the way of promoting religion among its occupants, who, when relieved (which happened every four or five days), were in the habit of flocking in large numbers to the nearest " camp revival." A friend who has been watching the siege for the last month writes to me, in explanation of this circumstance, in the following terms :—" The sharp cracking report of the Monitor guns it agacant (I know n o c orre • aponding English exrression), even when heard at the distance of four miles; but conceive its effect upon the nerves when it is heard from a distance of only a few hundred yards, and is accompanied by the explosion of a 15-inch shell, containing within it several smaller shells, which come banging and cracking and snapping about your ears, and per haps tearing in pieces a comrade by your aide." It must not be forgotten that this hail of projec tiles has frequently been maintained day and night for weeks together, keeping the garrison always on the strain, and promoting an irritable feverishness and nervous susceptibility, which can be more readily conceived than described. In a former letter I mentioned that considerable disappointment had been felt in high quarters here, in regard to the loss by Gen. Beauregard, more than two months ago, of Morris Island. ft is nothing less than justice that I should now state the defence, advanced in extenuation of the General by his many friends. It is asserted that Gen. Beauregard would have swept the enemy off Morris Island the day after ho landed there if he had had anything like a sufficient force to attempt it. But at the moment he had only 700 men on Morris Island, 1,500 on James Island and in Charleston, and 6jo on Sulli van's Island. His force had, as is now generally known, been greatly depleted with a view to rein forcing Gen. Johnston—to little purpose, as it subsequently proved. It is by Gen. Beauregard regarded as a signal mercy that the Federals landed on Morris instead of James Island, inasmuch as his force was at the time too small to withstand them on the latter, and inasmuch as (to quote his own words) " Morris Island is not the key to Charles ton." But as matters now stand, with a far larger force of Confederates to defend Charleston than there is of Federals to attack it, and with new sand batteries growing up daily on James Island, there is little reason to fear an attack upon this point. I am assured that the new batteries on James and Sullivan's Islands are entirely of sand, even with out revetments of wood, which were found to splinter and do mischief at Battery Wagner. The health of the troops is excellent, but they have to be fortified with daily doses of quinine as a sequel to their dress parades. Last year this ceremony was omitted, and there was abundance of intermittent fever. But, in spite of the belief held universally before the war, that it was death to a white man to sleep in summer for a single night upon one of the islands around Charleston harbour, it is found that, given such a prophylactic as quinine, there are few healthier or more agreeable marine residences than the islands in question. SEPT. 21. I turn with reluctance to the consideration of the momentous drama which is being enacted in the neighbourhood of Chattanooga, and concerning which, notwithstanding the facilities which have always been extended to me, any information to be gained in Richmond in so insufficient and inexact that I have resolved to repair to-morrow to the scene of action, and to judge with my own eyes. It is impossible to deny that the Western campaign of this autumn opened unpromisingly for the Con federates. In the first place the bloodless sur render by General Frazier and 2,000 Confederates of their post at Cumberland's Gap—an eagle's nest, which a handful of men could have held against the world—is regarded here as so inexplicable that 1 hesitate to clothe in language the surmises which are indulged in at Gen. Frazier's cost, and must await fuller information before any judgment is formed. Secondly, just at the moment when entire confidence was felt that nothing could drive Gen. Bragg from his impregnable position at Chatta nooga, Richmond was electrified by the tidings that Gen. Bragg had withdrawn and allowed Gen.Rosen crAnz to slip into his nest. Thirdly, surprise and dis appointment have been felt that Knoxville and the larger portion of the Virginia and Tennessee Rail road have been ceded with so little resistance, and that more use has not been made of a country abounding in strong and defensible position, and difficult beyond description of access. But having stated these preliminaries, and ad mitted their disadvantageous aspect, I must record that unquestionably the finest army numerically in the Confederacy is that which is now commanded by General Bragg, and that there are brigades and divisions now serving under him which are not surpassed by the division of General Hood or by any other section of General Lee's army. I may also now be permitted to state that a muster roll which previously presented a very formidable aggre gsto has recently been swelled by the subtraction from General Lee's army of the fiae corps of Gene ral Longstreet, who went last week to the West, and has carried the enthusiasm and vigour which his presence always awakens to inspirit the counsels of a General who has unquestionably lost much of the confidence which was last autumn reposed in him. But I should not omit to mention that, for midable as is the army of General Bragg, swollen by the addition of General Longstreet's corps, and animated by the presence of General Lougstreet himself, there is abundant reason to think that they are confronting by far the most formid able General whom the war has yet thrown to the surface upon the Federal side. It is my impression that full justice has not been done either in England or in the Confederate States to the ability of Gen. Rosencratz. Although it may, per haps, be true that the Western men who obey Gene rals Rosencranz and Grant are finer material than the sweepings of New York and Philadelphia, cf :hick so l arge a p or ti on o f th e eastern F e d era l to armies has been comp ose d,it i s i mposs ibl e t o b e bli n d the fact that Gen. Bragg has led into the field Borne of the best troops which the Confederacy can boast' The sli g ht an d i n d ec i s i ve super i or i ty over their opponents which, during the last 12 months, has been rae, in my opinion, o . fested by Gen. R osencranz ' s arm y i s , t ?be set down to the c re dit o f th a t patient and p er tinacious commander himself. The presence of m i nd and the bloody b a ttl e firmness with which, after of M urfreusborough, he massed his artillery and protected his troops, an d e l an o f Breckin troops, demoralised by and shrinking before the i ridge's Kentuckians, indicate qualities of a general. To hi 8 indomitable firmness in retaining possession of the ground must b e attri buted the retreat to whichGn the very highest . i 3 next day driven. Again, the ability e rgg was the Bragg and resource which he displayed tins summer in maintaining hi s position in front of Gen. Bragg, although greatly weakened by the loss of r einforce ments which he hady sent to Grant, and in spite of the failing water of the Tennessee River, falsified the anticipations of the wisest heads in the Confederate States, and are d e . serving of the highest commendation. There never has been a moment when the widely-spread rear of Gen. Rosencranz's armies has not been far more vigilantly guarded and less accessible to attack than that of the Federal armies in Virginia. It is be lieved that the attack upon Vicksburg along the vulnerable heel of the Big BlacK River was directed by the acuteness of none other than Gen. Rosen cranz. Lastly, the dexterity with which he has manoeuvred and elbowed Generals Bragg and Buck ner out of Chattanooga and Emozyille without THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, OOFOBER 30, 1863 losing a life, the skill with which he has carried his armies across such a stream as the Tennessee River, and in such a country, and has all th e ti me kept his rear open, have combined to inspire in the minds of all those who look sagaciously on a degree of respect for General Rosencranz which has during this war been elicited by no other man except General Lee. It will then be believed that, great as has been the confidence reposed in the numbers and morale of General Bragg's army, there has been no inconsi derable relief experienced here by the arrival this day of the following telegram : " Chicamauga River, Sept. 20. "After two days' hard fighting we have driven the enemy, after a desperate resistance, from several strong positions, and now hold the field ; but he still confronts us, The losses are heavy on both sides, especially so in our officers. We hive taken over 20 pieces of artillery, and some 2,500 prisoners, " BRAXTON BRAGG." Into speculations and surmises about this battle, in view of the fact that I hope to collect accurate details in regard to it upon the spot where it was fought, I shall not now attempt to enter. But although thus far, the engagement in question can not but rank with other indecisive Eylaus and As perns which have been fought in the West, it is evident that Gen. Bragg's army is fully able to hold its own, and it is questionable whether the Federals can afford to fight only a second Murfreesborongh. There is excellent reason to think that the actions of the 19th and 20th were fought before all Gen. Longstreet's troops could have joined Gen. Bragg, in confirmation of which belief I may men tion that I am about to travel to the West to-morrow, in company with several of Gen. Longstreet's staff. But, in the eyes of all thought full observers, it is becoming more and more appa rent that, so far as concerns soldiers in the field the two sections are fighting more on a numerical equa lity than at any previous stage of the war. It is at such a moment as this that, if rumour speak true, it has seemed good to the war junta In Washington to dismiss a large portion of General Grant's victo rious army into the wilds of Texas, there to combat two antagonists more inexorable than the Confede rates—climate and distance. It is difficult to resist the inference that such a step is timed with a view not so much of strategy against the Confederates as of future menace against France and Mexico. If so, there is good reason to think that, blind to all the previous warnings of the struggle, the Fe derals are again committing at the end of the third year of war the same mistake which they committed at its commencement, and are despis ing the enemy with whom they are actually en gaged. It will require some more level battle in the West, and some more engagements in Virginia —and such an engagement is at this moment menacing General Lee, under circumstances far more favourable to him than those under which the Batttle of Chancelloreville was fought—to convince the Federals that they are as far from the attain ment of their purpose as they were in April, 1861, and that they may indefinitely increase the volume of the vast ocean of blood which has already been spilt without advancing the question which has been so long and bloodily debated one step nearer to its solution. SEPT. 22. The preparations which are necessary for a trip to Central Africa are scarcely more elaborate than those which precede such an excursion as I am about to und er t a k e t o E ast T ennessee . It was my belief yesterday th a t, a f ter muc h l a b our , they were happily concluded, and that I should be enabled to start this morning ; but yesterday evening my horse, left standing for a moment in the street, was stolen, and my departure is delayed until fresh ar rangements can be made. The incident is only worthy of mention as indicating the snares and dif ficulties through which the Confederate States are passing as they slowly win their way to indepen dence. Horse thieves, burglars, and occasionally garotters, swarm in the streets of Richmond, The very atmosphere is corrupted by the presence of the hosts of money-grabbing Hebrews and blockade runners, who reck nothing of Federal or Confede rate rights, and are the great debasers of Confede rate currency and the elevators of gold. It requires the heart of a nation and its leaders to be eminently sound to withstand the pernicious influence of such a hunger and thirst after money as at present per vades, not only Yankeedom, but also so large a por tion of this community. But much as the mania for speculation is to be regretted, it has not as yet eaten up pubic virtue in the Confederacy. A stranger to the streets of It'ehmond would this morning be astonished could he perceive the deepseated heartiness and earnest ness of the joy with which the fast coming telegrams from General Bragg's army, each bringing greater assurances of victory, are read and commented on by the throngs of passers-by. The public heart was far from:being satisfied with the telegram which I mentioned in my letter of yesterday, but it requires nothing to be added to the telegram of to-day, which is in these words "Ten miles south of Chattanooga, Sept. 21. " The enemy retreated on Chattanooga last night, leaving his dead and wounded in our hands. His loss is very large in men, artillery, small arms, and colours. Oars is heavy but not yet ascertained. The victory is complete, and our cavalry is pursuing. With the blessing of God our troops have accomplished great results against largely superior numbers. We have to mourn the loss of many gallant men and officers. Brigadier- Generals Preston-Smith, Helm, and Deshler are killed ; Major-General Hood and Brigadier- Generals Adams, Gregg, and Brown wounded. " BRAXTON BRAGG." Other telegrams have followed, indicating an amount of demoralisiition in the Federal forces which make it doubtful whether Gen. Rosencranz can hold his own at Chattanooga; and if he is driven from Chat tanooga, who can say how far he may not be forced back ? Already there is a confident conviction in this city that the strong aggressive attitude which the forces of Geo. Meade have lately worn in Virginia will suffer immediate abatement and diminution. Nothing has been more marked throughout this war thati the sympathy on both sides between the armies fighting in the East and West. The policy of the Federals at this moment should evidently be ag gressive. I may be mistaken, but the indica tions are that upon this attitude of aggression they will not, after the battle of Chattanooga, ven ture to embark. It will be my endeavour to put your readers hereafter in possession of fuller parti culars in regard to the great AVet , tern campaign of this autumn, which would otherwise be little likely ever to come to their knowledge. But it is not prema ture to say that there is a widespread apprehension here that the victories of the 19th and 20th have, among many other valuable lives, deprived the Con federacy of one General whose place it will be almost as hard to fill as the place of Stonewall Jackson. It will be remembered that at Gettys burg the services of General Hood were at an early period lost to General Lee. General Hood suffered greatly from a painful wound which broke both. bones of his left arm, and I was shocked re cently to observe how much he had been reduced by his wound. But when the order to his division to go to the West arrived, nothing could withstand his impatience to accompany them, and with wound only half healed, and against the advice of his friends, he hurried out in company with General Longstreet. Tidings have been received that in the battle of Chattanooga one of his legs was carried off by a cannon shot, and it is impossible to hope that in his weakened condition he can recover from such a wound. There have been men by dozens in the war who have on both sides attracted more of the public attention, but it is certain that no braver, no more modest, no more faithful and self-sacrificing soldier than General Hood. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Horniman's pure Tea; very choice at 3s. 4d. and 4s. "High Standard" at 4s. 4d. (formerly 48. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every town supply it in packets. [ADVERTISEMENT,]—HoIIoway's Pills.--Management of Health. —The complex composition and delicacy of the functions of the human body are ever tending to produce disease, unless the blood be maintained in a pure state. This most desirable object can be accomplished by a judi cious use of these purifying pills, which have:the power also of regulating the stomach, liver, and bowels. These pills act as alteratives, tonics, and gentle aperients; they over come flatulence, los s of appetite, biliousness, constipation, and many other i nconveniences which should never be neglected for fear of worse results. Holloway's pills sur pass all other medicines for alleviating indigestion, heart burn, head-ache, nervousness, and low spirits, which de tract of thomands who have rg e t r a t o ri l e a d rg t e h l Q y n fr p o tif t , h e GOLD IN CANADA, The following official correspondence has been published at Quebec:-•ti Department of Crown Lands, Quebec, Sept. 12, 1863. Sir,—ln consequence of the extensive discoveries of gold, which is alleged are now being made on the Chaudiere and its tributaries, and the frequent applications to this department for licences, &c., I am desirous of ascertaining officially the truth of these reports, and also the circum stances under which these applications are being made, with a view to the adoption of such now regulations as the interests of the Crown and the development of the mineral resources of that :region may seem to require. You will, therefore, visit the gold mining districts and report to me the actual state of affairs. Your attention will be given especially to reported indications of gold, and the position, nature, and extent of the mining operations now going on, whether in the seigniories or on the lands of the Crown. I remain, &c., WM, MACDOUGALL, Commis sioner of Crown Lands, F. T. Judah, Esq., Clerk of Crown Domain, &c,, Quebec. Department of Crown Lands, Jesuits' Estates and Crown Dcmain Branch, Quebec, Sept. 26, 1863. Sir,— I have the honour to state that, in conformity with your instructions of the 12th inst., to visit and report on the Chaudi(Te gold mining district, I left this city on the 14th, on my way to the locality, and reached the village of St. Joseph, on the banks of the Chaudiere, and in the seig niory of St. Joseph, on the evening of that day. On the following morning I proceeded to the adjacent parish of Francois, calling on the road at the residences of two of the brothers Poulin, to whom I shall hereafter refer, and passing the River des Piantes, which falls into the Chaudiere from the east, arrived about noon at the rives called Touffe des Pins, or Gilbert, in the same parish of St. Francois, seigniory of Rigaud Vaudreuill, where I under stood that gold Jmining operations were going on. This last river, first called Touffe des Pins from the loca lity where it reaches the Chaudiere, has been re-named Gilbert, after the person whose daughter first found gold therein some 30 years ago. The old man Gilbert, now some 60 or 70 years of age, still lives near the mouth of the river and I learned from his own lips a recital of the story :—lt appears that the daughter, in leading a horse to water one morning, found lying in the stream what she supposed to be a yellow pebble of about the size of a pigeon's egg ; her father, anxious to learn what it was, gave it to some one coming to Quebec, and the jewellers here pronounced it to be gold. Old Gilbert parted with it for 40 dols., a sum appoe rently much below its value. Encouraged by the discovery, ho made searches, and on several occasions found more gold, but not any considerable amount. The seigniors of the seign iory, the Dr. Lery family, in consequence of these discove ries, and the indications which presented themselves, applied for and obtained from Government, per letters patent of Sept, 18, 1846, an exclusive mining privilege for the precious metals for ever within the limits of the seigniory in question, subject to certain conditions, and among others, the payment of a Royalty of 10 per cent on the gross produce,which con ditions it appears have never been complied with. It does not seem that the seigniors ever carried on any considerable operations themselves, and in 1851, they leased, subject to a per tentage, their rights over the whole seigniory to Dr. James Douglas and others of Quebec. Dr. Douglas eventu ally became solely interested in this lease, and under it mining operations were carried on by him and others under sub-leases, at different times and at more than one place, as I will hereafter show. Dr. Douglas's lease expires Sept. 1, 1864 and was transferred in consideration of the sum of 3,000 dols., about the middle of July last, to a company com posed of Messrs. Hans, Hagens, and others, also of this city, who are now mining on the Gilbert, as hereafter mentioned. These last named parties have likewise leased from the seigniors a further similar lease of 15 years, for which they have agreed to pay 8,000 dols., 2,000 dols. of which have been given in cash. Both of these leases are made expressly without any guarantee on either part. The present opera tions on the Gilbert were brought about in the following manner :—lt appears that one of the three brothers of the name of Poulin, who have been for some years past engaged in mining for themselves and others, with more or less suc cess, having discovered this mine last fall, imparted the in telligence to the other two brothers, and about the end of May last they commenced operations ; the news having spread others joined them, and there have been from seven or eight to 100 or 150 men engaged ever since. Many left from time to time to attend to their field duties, to be re placed by others. When I visited the mine I should judge that there were not over 100 men engaged altogether. Having proceeded to the mine in question upon the river, in the third range, east of the Chaudiere, called De Lery Concession, and on lots Nos. 19, 20, 21, and 22, belonging respectively to persons of the name of Rodrigues, Loubier, Villieux, Grondin, and Poulin, I found extensive mining operations for gold in progress. The river, which falls into the Chaudier about one mile and a half to the south, crosses these lots, each three arpents wide, nearly at right angles. The stream at high water is here about 15ft. or 20ft. wide, but now, from the dryness of the season, is very inconsider able. On Poulin's lot (22), and Grondin's (21), no works are in progress, and they are in no way occupied by the miners, with the exception of a sluice which crosses part of the firsc, where the river is dammed, and the whole of the latter, and which serves to convey water for the operations carried on by Messrs. Hagens and Co., who are prosecuting works on Villieux's lot (20). Upon this lot the sluice terminates, and it is here that the gravel and stone are washed, and the gold extracted therefrom. The lower part of the sluice (which is altogether about five arpents long, and some 18 inches wide, and the same in depth), is fitted up with three false bottoms, each 10ft. long, composed of strips of wood placed length wise with openings between; the gravel and stone being thrown in from trenches dug at the sides of the sluice is washed clean by the water, the fine sand and gravel and the gold sinking in the openings, and the coarser stones being raked out ; once a day, in the evening, the bottoms are re moved, and the water being partially turned off, the sand and gravel are carried away, and the gold remains behind, the finest sand is caught in a pan at the foot of the sluice and washed by hand, while care is taken to catch any gold which may escape, by small pieces of wood placed across the flume, which carries off the water at the end of the sluice. The depth of water in the sluice is about two inches, and the leakage from the dam is trifling. The fall is about 10 feet in five arpents, and about 1 foot in 15 or 20 at the end of the sluice. Messrs. Hagens and Co. have also in operation a long tom, the only one I saw in use there, and which consists of a box or trough, in which the gold is washed by water from the sluice. They are workin% on shares, in partnership with two persons of the names of Brock and Purceval, who receive one-half of the proceeds on payment by them of the expenses. On my second visit to the mine saw, at 6in the evening, the gold collected at the foot of the sluice for that day, and it amounted to some 12 dols. or 15 dols.; but Mr. Purceval showed me the pro ceeds of the day previous, among which were several large pieces, amounting altogether to some 50 dols., and he ad mitted that the average yield had exceeded 30 deli. per day. I am disposed to believe that the average return may be a good deal larger. Five men were employed ; wages 80 cents. per diem, without board, which, it must be ad mitted, is a very moderate rate for gold-diggings. On Lubier's lot, the north half of 19, nothing at all is now being done ; a few pits have been sunk, in some cases to the depth merely of three or four feet, and in others down to the bed rock; but the whole has been abandoned for the apparently more lucrative workings on the adjoining lands. It is upon Rodrigues' lot, the south half of 19, that the greatest extent of work is going on ; pits have been sunk in every direction in the bed and on the sides of the river, and miners are at work by the dozens in excavating and washing. The exca vating is done by pick and shovel, and the earth and stone is carried in pans or boxes to the edge of the river, where it is washed in the cradles 02 rockers, From four to ten men are engaged in each pit —one being employed in rocking, one in supplying the water, and the others in digging and carry ing tho gravel and stones to the cradle. The rocker or cradle consists of a box about four feet long, 18 inches wide, and one foot high, placed on rockers, one end being fitted up with a movable box of about six inches deep, fitted on the top of the cradle, the bottom of which box is perforated with small holes, the bottom of the cradle is also fitted up with a couple of small cross •pieces to catch the fine sand and gold. Th e stone and gravel being thrown into the box, the cradle,which is slightly raised at the upper end, is set going, one man constantly supplying water, and the small gravel and gold being detached from the larger stones fall to the bottom, the larger pieces of gold being extracted with the hand, and the smaller ones washed out of the sand in a small pan in the stream. Ic4 o washing is being done with a pan other than that I have stated. The pits (called claims) sunk on Rodrigues' lot, and being dug or worked, when I visited the mine, number some couple of dozen, there being about 60 or 75 men engaged hero altogether. To the depth of two or three feet the surface is covered with a vegetable mould or clay (earth), then follows a layer of gravel and sand, and lastly a thickness of two or three feet of surface rock, con sisting of blue slate down to the bed rock, which is found at about ten feet from the surface. It is in the gravel and sand, and embedded in the slate, that the gold is found in pieces and nuggets varying from the size of about a quarter of a grain upwards, the largest piece yet found being II oz. It is only when the washing and cleansing operation is completed that the gold is seen. It is represented to be 23 carats, but I think this is a mistake, for the finest which has been discovered in the Chandiere district, submitted :o test, is 892-1,000, and no doubt the first named propor- tion is a mere approximate calculation; the gold is, how ever, beautifully pure and clean and of a deep colour. The indications of the quartz from which it has been detached is visible in nearly every piece. The alloy is silver. I saw no very fine or flour gold, nor was any visible with an ordinary magnifying glass. Notwithstanding this, it may still exist,but it must bo in infinitesimal particles intermixed with the fine sand, requiring the aid of quicksilver, of which none is now being made use of at the mine, to collect it, From May till the middle of July some of the miners paid . - Dr. Douglas, the lessee from the seigniors as before-men tioned, a percentage of their gross returns, that of the Pou• lins and Rodrigue, the owner of one of the lots where the mining is going on, and whom the Poulins are in partner ship with, amounting alone to GOO doll. Messrs. llagens an d Co., having taken possession under their lease, subl e t or sold claims to Nov. 1 next to others, principally on Ro drigue's lot, ranging from 150 to 25ft, square, fi t pr i m ail,. bag about 4 dols. per foot front, parts of sora,e of the largest of these claims having again been resold by the purchasers for as much in some instances as they originally paid for the whole. Messrs. Hagens and Co. at first worked with pans and cradles, but now they are operating exclusively with the sluice I have referred to. A few days previous to my visit to the mine Dr. Reed, of Quebec, had purchased the Viellieux and Grondin lots for, I was informed, 300 dols. each, and had placed men to work on one-third shares ; these had been notified to desist by Messrs. Hagens and Co., and such notice being di-regarded, the latter had sued out process against them. Matters were in this state when I loft the mine. Though many, it was said, had been disap pointed, I think that for the most part the workings have proved remunerative, for I did not see or hear myself while I was there of any instance of dissatisfaction or dis appointment. The returns, of course, as in all such cases, vary very much, giving in some instances not much over 2 dols. per day per man, and in others above 6 dols. on the whole claim, which takes usually from a week to a fortnight to exhaust, according to the number of the men employed. I will give a few instances : —Eight men, 15 days each, 40 dole. ; total, 320 dole., or 2 dole. 66 cents. per man per diem ; four men, 15 days each, 100 dole, ; total, 400 dole., or 6 dole. 66 cents. per man per diem. On one of the occasions upon which I visited the mine ten men had got out of one pit nearly 200 dols. on that day alone, while on another claim three men had taken out 7 dols. 50 cents. the previous afternoon, and 1 dol. 50 cents. out of two pansful washed in thecradle the following morn ing. It is somewhat difficult to ascertain, with any degree of certainty, during such a short visit as I made, the quan tity of gold which has been extracted from this river since May. The Poulins and Rodrigue have met with the greatest success, both by being the first in the field, and by having the good fortune to select a rich location. One of the Poulins admitted to me that the share of each of the four had already exceeded 1,000 dole., and I am inclined to think this amount an under estimate, for I heard that they had owned to a larger sum, and I can see no reason why they should seek to exaggerate. I myself saw at Rod rigue's house, on my second visit to the mine, upon my return from the junction of the Du Loup and Chaudiere, a large saucer nearly full of pure gold of the weight of about 51b., representing, at 18 dols. per ounce, which is the selling price at the mine, 1,080 dole. This, Rodrigue told me, was two-thirds of the gold which he and the Poulins had got out of the claim they had bought from Ilagens and Co. since their purchase. In this saucer was a piece of about 5f oz. worth nearly 100 dols., which had been found about two weeks previous. Among other incidents I noticed a woman who was working a claim with her husband; this woman some time before had found a nugget worth from 80 dole, to 90 dole, As I have stated, it is very difficult for me to form an accurate estimate of the amount altogether taken out of the river since the spring, but, assuming that an aver age of 100 men have been employed per day for thelast three months, and that the gains of each have only reached 2 dole., the total result would give 18,000 dole, as the whole gross produce of the diggings to this day ; but I think that, while the total number of days' labour may be less than the above, the average yield has been over the proportion I have stated in such a ratio as to give the same result, from which I conclude that a quantity at least equal to 18,000 dols, has been extracted so far. At the same time, it is possible— nay, probable—that much more has been taken out. The Poulins and Rodrigus average above 10 dole. a day each, but theirs is an exceptional case ; others, however, have collected as much as they, but during a more limited period. It is as difficult to foretell how long these diggings may continue to give such rich returns as it is to say the exact quantity of gold yielded up till now; but this I may aver, that so far the supply does not seem to have fallen off. Mr. Purceval, who has mined in California, told me that the indications were exactly similar to those of one of the mines he worked at there. Besides Mr. Pur ceval, I met with others who had been in California, and gave the same opinion. I also saw and conversed with several miners from Nova Scotia, but theirs are mostly quartz mines. During my visit to the mine I could not help being struck with the unsystematic and altogether unsatisfactory manner of the works at present going on there. The pits are being sunk in every conceivable posi- tion, without regard to order or convenience. Instead of arrangements being made by which those fronting on the river could make use of the water in concert with those who have obtained claims in rear, or the claims being made narrower on the river and longer, so as to give the same superficies by which a water frontage would be secured to each, the miners working in rear of those who have secured claims in front of their holdings have to carry their gravel and stone some distance further down to the stream in pans or boxes. This may be owing in part to the unsatis factory tenure of the holdings, each one being only anxious to secure as much as he possibly can before the season is brought to a close. The necessity of some well devised licensed scheme is thus made most apparent. I also think that sufficient care is not taken by the miners, and that some of the gold is lost. This they will learn by experience, as well as the introduction of those appliances which have been made so usefully available in California, and which, during high water especially, could no doubt be turned to good account with advantage here. I left the mind at about 6 in the evening and proceeded a short distance towards the mouth of the river, where I visited another working about 40 arpents up the stream,where seven Americans have been at work for a few days on a lot belong ing to the Gilbert before mentioned, being, I believe, No. 76 in the first range. They have dug a trench about Ott. deep and loft, long at the side of the river, a little below where Dr. Douglas mined some few years ago ; but, as they had left their work for the day, I could not ascertain the result of their operations. I heard, however, from Gilbert that they had not as yet obtained much gold. I then proceeded off to the junction of the Du Loup and Chaudiere, where I passed the evening. The next morning I visited the location of the Du Loup, where it unites with the ChauOiere, and in the Fief St. Charles, seigniory of Aubin de l'lsle, which was worked for some years by Mr. James Logan and others, under the licence promised by the Government to Mr. Oatey in 1851 . The licensees, having got into difficulties with the owners of the lot (one Craig), gave up operations, vb hich were after wards resumed by a company from Napanee, who worked for three years, and finally also abandoned it, the land pur chased by them from Craig having been sold at the suit of the latter by the Sheriff for non-payment of the balance of the purchase price, and bought in by Mr. Childs, notary, of Quebec, in Craig's interest. The location is now unworked. The parties acting under Oatey's licence furnished returns to the department, and covered, I understand, their expenses. The Napanee Company proceeded without authority from the Crown, and never furnished any returns; they sunk a shaft on the bank of the river, and as far as I could learn, were not very successful. I did not see or hear of any fur ther mining operations having been undertaken beyond this point. IThe St. Lawrence Mining Company, incorpo rated by act of Parliament, own land, it is said, for mining purposes in the township of Jersey on the rivers Du Loup, Metgermette, and Portage, but have not yet worked any mines thereon. I next visited the falls on the Chaudiere, two or three miles above the junction, and in the townships of Jersey and Shanley, but as no mining operations were going on beyond, I here retraced my steps homeward. On my return I passed the Famine, which was worked for some time by Dr. Douglas, under the De Lery patent, and in the afternoon again visited the mine on the upptr part of the Gilbert, and left the following day on my way to Quebec. At one of the Poulin's I saw nine pieces of gold found in the Chaudiere, the Plantes, the Gilbert, and the Famine. These pieces varied from a couple of dwta. to 11 oz. each. I noticed that that got from the Chaudiere was of a much lighter colour than that of the Gilbert, containing most likely a larger quantity of silver alloy. I learnt that previous to this year Dr. Douglas had worked on the Plantes, the Gilbert, and the Famine, and that in one season he had obtained a considerable sum out of the Plantes. The gold found in this last mentioned river is smaller than that of the Gilbert, the largest piece get out of it hav ing been of the value of 30 doll, but it has not been worked very far up. The Mr. Brock before mentioned also worked with others at the Chaudiere last year, under a lease from Dr. Douglas. A vein of quartz crosses across theChaudiere,at the Devil's Rapids, in St. Fran go i s , a little below the Gilbert, and is seed on the hill on the main road. I also saw quartz crop ping out in several places. Some of the plartz, lam told, has been tested, and contains gold. No quartz mining o perations have yet been undertaken anywhere, sufficient io.dications not having presented them selves, and the mining has so far been confined exclusively to alluvial diggings ; but explorers, of whom I met more than one, are now out in numbers, and the existence or not of gold in the quartz state, in eitu, in sufficient quantities to pay for working, will now, no doubt, soon be established. All the mining operations have also s o f ar taken place in the seigniories, nothing having been done, as for as I could learn, on the Crown lands. The country through which I travelled along the banks of the Chaudiera consists of r i c h a ll uvial flats, gradually r i s ing from the river to a distance in some places of as much as 30 to 40 arpents, with hills and plateau of cultivated land in rear, well and continuously settled as far as I went to the forks of the Du Loup and Chaudiere. The lots on the De Lery range o f Rigaud Vand reu il , w h ere the mining on the Gibert is going on, being the third from the river, are un improved, but the first two ranges are all cleared and culti vated. I cannot conclude this report without bearing testimony to the quiet and pod order existing at the Gilbert mine. The mines consist principally of French Canadian habitans from the adjoining parishes, with a few persons from Quebec and elsewhere, and at neither of my visits did I hear a word spoken in anger. I have the honour to be, Sir, your obedient servant, F. T. JUDAH, Clerk Crown Domains, &C. The llon. N. lkl.`Dougall, Commissioner of Crown Lands, &c,, Quebec. The funeral of the late Staff-Surg. Major Bray brooke, Military Train, took place yesterday at Woolwich, with full military honours, and was attended in procession by about 500 officers and men consisting of detachments of various corps, and the officers commanding brigades and division. Dr. Braybrooke died suddenly at his family residence SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES,—On Monday night there steamed into Galway Bay a very large ship, with some goods on board, about 300 steerage pessengers, and a select party in the cabin. Under the protection of the Isles of Arran, thirty miles off, and favoured by wind and tide, the ship steamed up to an anchorage on the safe side of a small island, on which stand a lighthouse and a battery, and thence, by means of a steam tender, communicated with the Port of Gal way. No doubt the whole town was roused from sleep to welcome the stranger. Four hundred new passengers, with their boxes and belongings, were carried on board by the indefatigable tender. Last of all, amid universal excitement, everybody stand ing at his shop door and ready to cheer at the smallest provocation, one of Bianconi's coaches drove down, loaded inside and out with large white sacks of letters. The policemen formed a line on the quays, already barricaded to keep off the shoeless and stockingless natives; the mail sacks were put on board the tender, and thence in a quarter of an hour put on board tl.e Adriatic, which at half pest 2 on Tuesday afternoon steamed down the bay on her course across the Atlantic. Besides the 400 steerage passengers and the 23 sacks of letters, she took in at Galway two puncheons of whisky and the latest telegrams. As to the puncheons, no doubt they are very pleasant compagnons de voyage. The latest telegrams we must presume to represent the state of the London markets that morning, end, therefore, one day later than any news carried by a rival steamer from Liverpool in the same longitude. The letters we will say nothing about, for, till the Galway steamers start to the hour, all letters in tended for them will be liable to serious delays in the Galway post-office. We suspect that they were letters that could easily wait a day cr two. It is only on the most favourable supposition that we can conceive it at all worth the while of a steamer start ing from the Mersey, and getting safe into the open sea, to retrace its course off the worst coast in the whole world and steam up a deep bay into the heart of Ireland. As for goods traffic, that was suitably and abundantly represented by the two puncheons of whisky. The famous bay of Galway, like all the bays of that shore, is as beautiful as nature can make it; but commerce can scarcely be said to have yet furrowed its tair face. Nothing cares to avail itself of the much-boasted protection of the Isles of Arran. There is no part of the neighbouring seas where you could have long range practice with the most fabul ous guns, across the bay, or up or down, with more certainty of doing no mischief. Except a small boat, or an occasional " hooker" from the opposite shore, there is not a sail to be seen. Half the town is in ruins; pity compels us to be silent as to the prospects of the monster Railway Hotel. The place, of course, is full of institutions, as all Irish towns are : indeed, it threatens to be all institutions, and nothing else. Workhouses, b arrac k s , police station, court-house, churches and chapels, monas teries and convents of a dozen different orders, the Queen's College, the model farm, a dozen schools, the splendid group of the station and hotel, the club-house, and twenty other public buildings,which it is impossible to recall, constitute the head of a community, the body of which consists of a thou sand fishermen's huts and some suburbs of thatched or unthatched hovels. There is nothing to sell but fish, and the free Parliament of Claddagh steadily resist not only trawling, but every plan whatever for joining the deep-sea fishery to the miserably pre carious produce of the bay. What they do with the fish we know not, but we doubt whether they send it to England; they don't send it to America. In all this we de not see even the beginning of trade. Most of these institutions prey on the resources of a country and do little to develope them. Whether the "religious" are consistent or not in their own renunciation of the world, they are very apt to pre vent others from making the best of it. But putting out of the question that desolate waste of waters, that strange old mediaeval city, its still stranger suburbs, the twenty-three sacks of letters, the twenty-eight cabin passengers, the latest telegrams, and the two puncheons of whisky, out and out, be yond all comparison, the most important article in that departure from Galway Bay were the seven hundred steerage passengers. They were robust, healthy, young people; very few of them married; what people used to call the " sinew and bone" of a country. Though " A Magistrate," in his statistics, set down to the national loss the few pounds in the pockets of these poor people, we are inclined to sus pect that most of them have been enabled to emi grate by remittances from their relations in America, and that every one of them will assist others in like fashion. There never was a feeling so universal, so deep seated, so prevailing over considerations usually supposed to be all powerful, as that which has turned the face of every Irish man, woman, and child towards America. There is not one who will not go if he can. They ate only waiting on fortune, or their turn in " the list" of some now American relative, be it first, fifth, tenth, or twen tieth in that list. This is a fact which overrides every other Irish question. The current, in every town and village, every street, every family, every breast, has set in, and it is beyond the power of Governments, of laws, of priests, or politicians to do more than just lash and disturb the great tide of emigration. The Federal Government will have them and must have them. It will effee any terms, even greater than those it now offers; but men it must have, whether directly for the war, or for the gap it leaves in all branches of labour. But there is scarcely a cottage in the - West of Ireland where the promise of the family, the elder sons and daughters—their voices and their features still fresh in mem or y as young and old gather roun d the turf fire—are not in some far Western State, sending home their hearts' best wishes for the re union of the circle. The passage to the New - World, once so formidable, has long been divested of any speculative quality or imaginative hue. It is not more than a voyage to Liverpool or London. Indeed, Ireland is much more American, and America much more Irish, than English people are apt to conceive. The great majority of the white population of the United States are of Irish descent. It is the Irish element which has long governed the politics of the Union. So like is now flowing to like, and kin to kin, with an irresistible affinity. While writers at home ate angrily debating what is to be done with the Irish, they are fast settling the question for them selves by a universal departure. But this throws a new and singular light on the Atlantic Royal Mail Company. If the British Govern ment said to the Irish,—" We are sick of you ; we can do nothing with you : we would rather have Ireland without you; so the Great Eastern and a few other big ships will call once a week at Galway, or Queenstown, and take 5,000 of you at a time to New York," the proceeding would be thought most startling and equivocal. The Confederates would have some thing to say to it ; so too would Irish land lords and E ng li s h taxpayers ; so too would would uld ou the p a ar T ty that ery priests ; so too would even our economists and philanthropists.havearightto be satisfied, Ve know except few Irish proprietors, who are perfectly sure that the land is good for nothing but breeding horses and grazing small cattle. In the end we suspect that every British interest would be injured by such it course, were it possible or conceivable. But, in matter of fact, this is just what we are doing. On a ridiculous pretence of a few bags of letters and the latest tele grams, both of which will be always anticipated, we are subsidizing a big ship to put into Galway, and carry off, ev ery time, in effect to a f ore i gn country, the b etter part of a thousand young and healthy British subjects, never to see Ireland again, In the scale of war the living freight of the Adri atic is worth far more than the ships lately seized in the Mersey. Even that, however, is a trifling con sideration compared to the incalculable results to this country,—to England, to Ireland itself, to the whole Empire, to its domestic operations and its foreign policy. There are those who rejoice in this exodus. We wish it God-speed ! but on all the principles of social and political philosophy it must be considered a misfortune. Grant that it cannot be helped; grant that it averts or postpones some immediate annoyances; grant that, as we really don't know what to do with the people,they are wel come to take care of themselves and dispose of themselves in what way they please; but that is only the case of an unmanageable son, which is a misfortune, even when the cause of our grief re lieves us from further anxieties. Who will not reproach himself wh en thi s is the conclusion of a long embarrassment "We have not been able to manage this child of ours. It is betaking itself to America. Well, we shall have less trouble for the future." If we could grow old and apathetic, comfortable we should, in a dull way, be all the more for it; but not if we retain our youthful sympathies. POST.—The 'Turkish almost all respects a hi g hl y satisfactory fin un derstood, presents nla n i budget, when rightly statement. U n f or t unately, some very important errors have crept i n t o t h e tele. graphic version Constantinople. of the figures which h ave j ust been n pu bli s hed at Thus the tot a l esti mated revenue for 1863 64 is stated at 3 , 000 ,000 purses, ses, while that for the year 1862-63 is stated at 3,300,000 purses: In this manner there appears to be, on the face of the statement, a decrease of re venue in the estimate of the coming year by about 10 per cent. This is simply an arithmetical error; for those who will take the trouble to add up for themselves all the figures of revenue in detail, for each of the two years, will perceive that the diffe rence in relative amount is just the other way. An accurate addition cf the two rows of figures evinces that the estimated revenue for 1863-64 i . s 9 7,ater than the re venue f or 1862 63 by Dn .!, less than 400,000 pu rses . Thi s makes 311 ...,iierence of as muc h rI. EkS 700,000 purses iti th ° ' 9 1 4 41 94 9 f' O N eginiged re. venue as between ane year and another; and it is fact of no small consequence to Tarnish finance, a a verification of this correction of flee telegram by a reference to our impression of last Tursday will evince. The estimated revenue of Turkey is fully £14,000,000 for the financial year on which we have just entered, while the public income on the se cession of the pres en t S u l tan was not more t h a n £11,000,000. Proportionately considered, this is a more rapid increase than that of any other European revenue; and it represents the prac • tical result of a course of financial reforms which were often deemed rather imaginary then real by those who were apt to cling too implicitly to the miserable traditions of the late reign. But thin increase in the revenue, as it stands in its pre sent figures, is far from being the only one. Hitherto the taxes have been collected in paper money, namely, in the c.iimes, which are now ex tinguished, and were at all times more or less de preciated. Far the present financial year, however, the calculation is made in metallics. We are hardly able to strike an average of the depreciation of the paper money during the last few years. But that average, if ascertained, could hardly he found to have been less than 20 per cent., and the premium upon gold was often very much higher. Bat, now that the paper money has been extinguished, all taxes are paid in metallies, and the revenue hence• forth will therefore represent its real and interna tional value, whereas the revenue of previous years , being more or less collected in paper, appeared greater than it really was. The interest on the pub lic debt forms a prominent item in the schedule of expenditure. Ostensibly there is a great increase of charge on this account for 1863-64 as compared with 1862-63 ; and in fact there is a slight increase in the actual debt. But it must be remembered that much of the increase in the foreign debt hes been obtained by the consolidation of anomalous internal loans, as well as through the expenditure required for the suppression of the paper money. Thus the foreign loans of 1862 and 1863 hate been contracted, not to satisfy current expenditure, but in part to withdraw and cancel the paper money, and in part to pay off local loans contracted of different Galata capitalists under the reign of the late Sultan, at higher rates of interest. Some of the CocsOli' dated internal deb;, has also been created for the same purpose—the requisite amount having been obtained from the market at Constantinople as well as from the markets at London and Paris, In point of fact, therefore, the real debt of Turkey has very slightly increased during the present reign, the essential difference being that the debts of ail kinds have been brought forward, avowed, and consolidated. The total charge of the whole debt, foreign and domestic, is now 800,000 purses; or about £3,600,000 of our money, inclusive of the sinking funds provided for the redemption both of the foreign debt and of the Consolides. Thi s is a proportion of about 25 per cent. upon the whole revenue, whereas the proportion of the British revenue that is paid away for interest on it s national debt, without any provision f or the ultimate redemption is about 40 per cent. The current expenditure has at the same time been fished in several of the departments in which it had been alleged that the predilections of the pre sent Sovereign were extravagant. Thus the nal is to cost for the present financial year only 210,0 00 purses as compared with 245,000 purses in 1862.-0 3 ' The army is further reduced. It cost the treasury' during the last year 959,000 purses, and during the present it is restricted to an outlay of 827,000. The, Ministry of Finance, at the same time, i s re d uc ed from 153,000 to 120,000 purses. These figures ar e , marked by very great moderation. Th e army w ill cost no more than the annual charge upon the debt , or about £3,600,000. For a Sovereign who rules thirty millions of subjects, this is, in our judgment' an estimate marked by extraordinary moderation ; nor is it intended to expend so much as £1,000,0 00 on the navy. It is hard to say, therefore, fans whence certain prevalent notions of the present Sultan's disposition to military extravagance could have had their origin. Looking merely to the credit of the Turkish empire, it is surely better that it should possess fair means of defence, whatever be the improbability of its being again attacked, the° that it should again invite attack by its defenceles s ; ness. The table of receipts evinces the gradne' e progress of th e new s y s t em o f co ll ect i on, and o f tie new tariff. The former is necessarily of slow deve lopment. When the present Sultan came to the throne nearly all the taxes were farmed out. 11118 Asiatic mode of proceeding involved a great loss to the State. But to replace it by a general system e t collection presupposed the presence of a local orgn: nisation throughout the empire. Of course this great staff could not immediately be had. Conse; quently it was needful to a p p l y the new mo d e 0' collection—province by province, and district by' district—as the organisation could he obtained' When it is complete, it is probable that a large fur" tiler augmentation of revenue will be experienced , Nor is it without reason to anticipate that the neW t ta ry riff su r n i c l i l e s n o t o promote the m lyn to odo moret h e a o ne me a u small he r s c e e th of e t re duction that at present involves in the customs revenue. Before many days we shall probably have this budget before us without any of the inevitable inaccuracies of the telegraph ; and we shall then perhaps be still better able to judge how it aug ur° for the future of Turkey. COUNTRY MARKETS. . BIRMINGHANt—TirnitSDA.Y. Wheat was in fair supply to-day, and sold slowly, 13E4 week's rates being about maintained. In foreign wheat ,ra ther more d o i ng . B ar l ey , oats, beans, and peas as of 1 1; English wh ea t was so ld at 4s to 48s for white, aad ' to to 44s p er 36 s t one f or re d. B ar l ey, new malting, 3 ° 5 - 0 42s per qr ; grinding, 26s to 30s Oats, old, 24s to 30 per 30 stone; lrish, 21s t 0,255. B eans , 40s to 44s per clr. Peas, 36s to 44s per 36 stone. MANCHE STER—THURSDAY. At our market this morning the demand for wheat S,L moderate. English new dry samples held for the prices O of this day se'nnight. Oats and oatmeal firm. Flour 00 dull. Beans 6cl higher. BRISTOL—TIMRSDAr. Wo had a good supply of wheat to-day, and . liist , last Thursday's prices were suppotted. B arley in good "c Dacia. Other articles unchanged, EDINBURGH GRAIN—OcT. 28. A large supply of farm ers ' w h eat to-day, which m et $ dull sale at about th e pr i ces of last week. Barley me t f slow sale, and p r i ces i s per qr down. Beans were slog° sale. Oats dull. Wheat on the top 2s Od up. average Os 9d Barley on the top is Gd down........averae Os ld dc o Oats on th e t op 2s Od down ....average Os 4d doWn' Beans on the top 9s 3d down .. average Os 3d doWil• Total Supply and Sales. Wheat ... 924 qrs Sold 535 qrs 8ar1ey........2029 qrs Sold 1553 qrs Oats Beans 45 qrs Sold 25 qrs Flour sells as follows :—Whites, 38s Od ; extras, 36s Od ; superfine, ,34s Od ; fine, 32s Od. DERBY 6d S t A O ILTHF .v I e E a L I . D.. .. ... .27 .. . 7a to n a Beet Mutton Lamb Bd to —d Rough fat, 3s 9d per stole. Hides, 3d to 4d; calf skins, Od to Gd. ME REV. DR. GUTHRIE.—The health of thi ° celebrated Scotch minister is said to be so seriously affect ed that his medical ad v i sers h ave or d ere d p e rfe c t repose, 01`.A his friends fear that the activity of his public life must 1)(3 regarded as at a close. NEW YACHT FOR THE SULTAN.—.The new steam yacht Taliah, built by Samuda Brothers, a nd sup' plied with engines by John Penn and Son, was tried 011 Wednesday last, when the very great speed of 171 knotl or 20A statute miles an hour was made, b e i ng t h e highes,, velocity yet attained with any vessel o f s i m i lar t o nnage and power. The vessel is of 912 tons burden, and has Oci l ' Latin; engines of 350 horse power. Births, BLTSIINELL.—On the 28th i nst. I,cv aterf at Heathfi e ld, Isla of Wight, the wif e o f C ommander J. U. Bushnell R.N., of a son. HARINGTON.—On th e 2 5th inst„ at Holly Lodge, Ilan' well, tne wire of Diehard Harington, Esq., of a S c°• a , ei M‘M the wife AIION.-00 tho 28th inst , at 41, G ros venor-P j c i of Colonel Sir Thomas M‘Mahon, Bart./ ~ l of a son. v MANDEns,—On th e 27th inst , at Marlborough, NY wife of Capt a i n M enders, of . ow , t he a daughter. Marriages. i; „ ref FINDLAY—LESLIE.—On the 27th inst , at E 4— c bil s 0 ? John Ritchie Findlay, E:?q, of the Sc.otsman, to o ' l 3 third daughter of James Lalie, Esq CE. •) T g vacs'.' 4 , MARTIN—LIACKEIL.—On the 26th inst , a t St. fl aw Pentonvill3, Robert Martin, of Great drimsbY,,,,ttaery Jane, eldest daugb.ter of the late Thomas Doe of Wilmington-square, Clerkenwell. Deaths. CUBITT.—Cn the 28th inst., et Penton Lodge, A nd°l7erf William Cubitt, E sq. , M.P., aged 73. SCP , FIELD.—On. the 27th inst., at Pimlico, Chas. Field, - aged 77. JOHNSON. —On the 26th inst , Lieutenant Johnson, of Wythaal-on-the in the county aged ' 87. jillls , KiNo.--On the 26th inst., at Southampton, Henry Esq., R.N., aged 70. Le/0,1 LEIGH,—On the 27th inst, at tho West Hall, Nig h c ool. Cheshire, Vice-Admiral Joddrell Leighof House, Gloucestershire aged 74. tin Rail , RAIRES.-011 the 25th inst , at Llwyneg aged 53. Henry Raikes, F.R.G.S., 'General n‘filiAir: London : Prinzed and Published CI WIL LIAIt ANDR ICS f; of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TuE SUN Office No. Strand, in the Precinct of the davoy, iß tbe Co.ku ° ' jdi~~teAe t,—Friday, Octyl4r 3Q, Oa f to. hut to de] OUI be an