The Sun. — London, England, 1831-05-16 00:00:00

SPIRIT OP THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, On the progress of Reform, we ma y as well be gin by saying that Lsgen has resigned his preten sions to Worcestershire ; and that the two Re. formers, Mes-rs. Foley and Spencer, have beet! r e _ turned. It is no l onger w i t h Eeglishmen tirtus post nummos ;" and we can fergive the oligarchy for considering such a change as symptomatic of revolution in no small degree dangerous to a n ascendancy so founded as theirs has been. By t h, last accounts from Cornwall the pennon of Sir It Vyvvan was trailing in the dust, that pink of Anti. Reformationism being to the lowest of the Reform candidates as 600 to 1,101). In Dorsetshire the Reformers act nobly. A little apathy seemed to characterize their first proceedings; bet they are roused, and with that energy Which Englishmen always exhibit when they are in earnest, they press forward in the good cause. It is possible, however, that money may be wanted to bring the distant voters to the poll. Of course the Patriotic Fund Committee will do their duty. Corte-Castle Banker t i g h ts like a sturdy old Britoil for a h a d cause : t h e Committee will undoubtedly fight with equal zeal for a good one. In Scotland, amongst other triumphs for the nati ona l cause, the Lord Advocate comes i n without oppositio n for the Perth burghs,— his antagonist, Celonel Ogilvie, taking at once to flight. So for the Aherileen burghs, Sir James Carnegie has been rejected, and a Reformer will be chosen. Bet the rebuke atiminisiered to Lord Loughborough be the Provost of K'nghorn, one of the Dysart district of burghs, has been more sign a l than any of the others, because that Noble Lord, ylately an ultra-anti, has since— mov e d thereto by sundry and pressing considerations— become an ultra-pro Rctormer, pretending to find fault with the measure of Ministsrs because it does not go far enough. Lord Leughborengh, as is stated in th e Scorch intelligence of a contemporary, had, not many weeks ago, shown such re•pect for his Knig - horn constituents, as led him to refuse the pre. sentation of a petition in favour of Reform, which they, the constituents, had unanimously agreed to. However the Provoet's turn comes next ; and, in reply to a letter from his Lordship, expatiating on his own improved sentiments on the Reform ques. tier, which he describes as going much further than the Bill, the Provost gravely admonishes the Nohle Lord against the violence and folly of such visionary plans, the promoters of which " I have always look d upon," saith he, "as kindred characters with the bcroughmotigers," adding that he (the Provost) has no sympathy with such Reformers ; and, as suits the wisdom of a sober-minded Magistrate, " I am dis posed to hold a higher opinion of your Lordship's judgment and discretion, than to suppose you ca pable of becoming an Ultra-Radical Reformer !" But what must have appeared to the mortified young Nobleman the most biting sarcasm of the whole let ter, the worthy Provost concludes by hoping that his Lordship will approve, as the electors of the burghs have done already, of the choice which they intend to make "of your friend Mr. Ferguson, of Raith, to represent us is Parliament, being well convinced we could not find a gentleman of distinc tion better acquainted with the affairs of the district or more capable, from his age and experience, his talents, and general information, of aiding hie Ma jesty's Government in establishing a Constitution for the empire upon sound and rational principles." Really we have not met with any thing more to out mind than this : a castigation at once so temperate, caustic, and effectual, inflicted upon professions, which, if sincere, prove him who acts upon them to be a revolutionist; if false, something worse —a deceiver. Scotland, we still hope and trust, will add sensibly to the reforming power with in the new legislative body. In Northamp tonshire, nearer home, the friends of liberty must bestir themselves, if they wish to spare their county the disgrace of suffering Mr. Cartwright to overtake the liberal candidate, the honest and re spectable Lord Milton. The out-voters, at what ever distance from Northampton, ought to signalize this, the last moment of their political existence, by emulously flocking to the poll. The partial success of Saturday was gained by the worst of all means— a gross falsehood built on a solitary fact, and that tact misrepresented. The spirit which is displayed throughout the empire on this occasion has not only struck the Tory body with general dismay, but seems in some especial instances to have taxed their inge nuity in rather a curious manner. What would our readers say to it, if the rusty machinery of the Pitt Clubs, which had for so many years, and with such amusing impudence, been made subservient to tht cause of religious discord, should now, with an equal contempt to truth and for the principles of Mr. Pitt, whose name they have polluted, be turned into an engine against Parliamentary Reform ? " Pitt club , " become watchwords against emancipation and Reform ! Mr. Pitt's name invoked for the slan der of his reputation, as the King's name has more than once been employed for the purpose of waging war against his crown and dignit ! How veno mously do the trodd e n re p ti l es biter! but with boa little force against the steeled arm of the nation :- 2-Imes. By the arrival of the Lisbon mail of the 4th inst., we learn the happy results of that vigour and promptitude which our present Govern ment has shown in demanding satisfaction for the insults offered to the British flag, and reparation for the injuries inflicted on British sub jects, by the contemptible tyrant of Portugal. Dtir mg the whole of our intercourse with the Dey of Lisbon, we have always maintained that nothing could be gained, but by a display of force. The faithless perjured creature whom we hail uninten tionally aided in usurping the Portuguese throne could not comprehend any argument which did not Include in its premises a hostile fleet and a threa tened demoliti on o f h is power. No appeal to his justice, to the faith of treaties, or to the law of na tions, could have any effect, unless from the broad side of a man-of-war. Cannon-law was the only I.IW which Dun Miguel or his Ministers could b. made to understand. Accordingly, the British, squadron no sooner appeared off the mouth of the Tagus with a peremptory demand of specific sati.faetion and redress, than the Council at Queluz saw the necessity of being just, and the Lisbon Gazette announced a return to order and international law. We glory in the result, not be cause it humbles so contemptible a power—for what renown or advantage could Great Britain obtain capturing the whole commercial and royal navy of Don M guel ?—not because it enables British resi dents to act more independently of the local autho rities, but because it must appear, in the eyes of tin Portuguese themselves, the reparation of manifest outrages, and teach them, that while in other countries might is joined with right, they ought tr. wrest from oppression those privileges which foreigners are allowed to enjoy in their mis-ralde country. The letter in our city article, containing the demands of the British Orovernment, compar with the decrees extracted from the Lisbon Gazelle, Which may be considered the answer to those de rnands, shows the extent of humiliation which Don Miguel has under,one. When the French squadr.on. arriv es w i th similar orders, and is answerersby asmilar su b mission, and the United States fol low in the rear, „, th a spirit equally indignant, aria force equally for m id able, the Government of Por tuEal will be taught a l esson in its dealings with foreigners, which .its own aubjects may p ract i se i against tself.—Tnnes. Tha# thirty-two English counties, including York shire, returning 66 Members to the new Parliament should have returned but three who are not pledged to support the Reform Bill, is the most unequivocal demonstration of public opinion in favour of a great political measure, as far as the landed and agrictd lured interests are concerne d, o f w hi c h the history of general elections in England affords any example. Could such czesult have happened unless by a con stitutional 4:ny-en-masse, as it were, of the free holders, in support of a measure which will have thr offect of rest, oring their lost rights to the people, and his legit imate authority to the King? Surely no cause not founded in justice, and which did not appeal by the most irresis ible arguments to the un derstanding, the reason, and the conscience of au enlightened community, could have received, in the counties where the power and infleence of the Aristo cracy is greatest, such general, enthusiastic, and tri umphant support. Truly the King's apnea! to the sentiments of the country on the Reform Bill has been well and decisively answered by the gently and commons of England. Then, as to the opinion of the commercial, the moneyed, the trading and manufacturing classes, upon the same great question, it is sufficient to state the: 24 cities, including the metropolis, returning, in all, 50 Members, have allowed but eight opponents of the Reform Bill to find their way into the Legis lature ; so that the repr-sentation of 32 counties and 24 cities, returning altogether 116 Members, includes but eleven Members hostile to Reform ! We say hostile to Reform, because although every one of the eleven has declared himself a " moderate Reformer," we know that what those gentlemen mean by moderate Reform is but a mock Reform ; a concession extorted from them by the force of cireumstances, which would still leave the master evil—the supremacy of Me borozighatongers, which has brought on the country such signal c ilamities— undisturbed and ureouched. The political Babel totters to its fall, and never did any structure, which a vicious power had raised for the purposes of a bad ambition, tremble beneath the shock of fate with more joyous and general acclamations of the com munity, whose destinies it bad long overshadowed. To the bornughmongers personally we have no hos tile feeling; many of them in their private capacity are inestimable men ; but it is necessary for the sal vation of the country that their usurped suptet macy should be destroyed, and it shall be destroyed. —Morning Herald. We have most satisfactory accounts from Lisbon, which will be found in our private correspondence. Et appears that the present British Government, with a proper regard for our national honour, and a humane attention to the remonstrances of British subjects in Portugal against the revolting atrocities practised upon their persons and property by Don Miguel —remonstrances which were wholly un• heeded by their predecessors—have despatched a fleet to the Tagus, for the purpose of exac•ing, by the only means intelligible to a tyrant, redress of these complaints. The armament, consisting of the Windsor Castle, 78 guns ; Alarm, 28, Ariadne, 28, Dispatch, 18, Savage, 10, Nautilus, 10, toge ther with the Briton frigate, of 46 guns, and Childers, 18 guns, already in the Tagus, appeared off the bar on the 25th, and is reported to have caused no small sensation in the councils of Don M guel. Upon the 26th the Consul called a meet ing of the British residents in Lisbon, arid commu nicated to them the terms which he was intructed to exact from the Portuguese Government. These conditions it is not necessary to set out here, be cause it will be seen that they have been complied with to the letter, for the monster who proved as unsparing and unyielding in the days of his se curity, had now shown himself in an equal degree cowardly and contemptible in his season of trial. Ten days, counting from the 24th, were allowed him for consideration; but st the first summons his dastard spirit sunk within him; all the efforts of Count Bassos, a Minister of his guilty pleasures, and the empty parade of a few additional guns upon the Castle of Lisbon, could not re-a-sure him, and, before the expiration of the allotted time, Don Miguel surrendered at discretion. This is a great triumph for English interests in Portugal, but, unfortunately, nothing for the general cause of hu manity and liberty. Had the tni-creant been more strongly advised to resist, his obstinacy and his usurpation might have met with a common punish ment ; but, as the matter now stands, there is too much reason to fear that his cowardly temporizin g will screen him a little time longer from a well merited retribution, and subject Portugal still to his domination. Something may, however, be expected from the American and French squadrons, which have still their accounts to settle with him, and which are hovering about the mouth of the Tagus. With re ! spect to ou rse l ves , t hi s v i ctory cannot exc i te any exultation, for there is no honour in triumphing over a coward, but it necessarily provokes feelings of sur prise, indignation, and disgust, that an abominable rule, which is shaken thus easily, should be suffered by the tortuous politics of an Administration to ac quire such a consistence as that of Don Miguel has -lone. Great, indeed, is the responsibility of the late Ministry, for having so long permitted and fostered, and, at the moment of its decease, intended legally to recognise it, when it now appears that with a single breath Don Migael might have been brought to reason, and his Administration made merciful and equitable. Then, indeed, might the blood have been saved which has been since shed in the most barbarous manner upon the scaffold. We shall look forward to the next advices with great anxiety.- Morning Herald. We may consider the game as up with Old Bankes. The gross poll stood on Saturday at four o'clock thus:— Portman Calcraft I 209 llankes On the gross poll Mr Calcraft had a majority of 218 over Mr. Bankes. The next account will pro bably be the resignation of the latter. In Cornwall Sir Richard Vytyan has not a shadow of a chance. The clo,e of the fourth day's poll left the candidates thus : Penclams 1,542 Lemon 1,525 Vyvyan 795 Valletort Since we last addressed our readers, Worcester has returned two Reformers. In Ireland the Re formers are generally successful. Saturday's post brought us an account of two for the county of Cavan. Even in Scotland, the elections turn out much more favourable than had been anticipated. In Northamptonshire the Refurm candidates are by no means yet out of danger. GrFat exertions have been made by Mr. Cartwright. We trust the Reformers will see the necessity of not relaxing i■ their exer 'ions at this critical period. Lord Milton did not ,Ifer himself to the people of Northampton as a candidate, though he expressed himself willing, if ieturned, to sit for the county. He still refuses to come forward as a candidate; but for this, of course, the Reformers of Northamptonshire are pre pared. The election is their affair, and they would incur no small disgrace, were they, by their remissness, to fail to he true to themselves.-- A foolish attempt is made to represent Lord Althorp as having been deficient in candour towards Mr. Cartwright. There is not a man in England who stands higher than his Lordship for straight forward and ingenuous conduct in all the relations of life. The accusation is utterly unsupported by f .cts, as our readers will see from a statement in an- - - .ther column, which contains a plain unvarnished narrative of the transactions. The idea of an intrigue between Lord Thorp and Lord Milton is too ridi culous to be urged on the spot ; but it has been thrown out for effect at a distance. We entreat again and again all those who have any influence in Northamptonshire to exert it in time. Let us not have a second edition of the unavailing lamentions of the Buckinghamshire Reformers. " We are (says an Olney Correspondent of the Wind sor Express) and shall be a laughing stock to the whole country. The canvass of the Marquis of Chandes pro mised anything but a successful result for him in a contest gainet Reformers. In the neighbourhood where I reside, Olney, Fenny, and Stony Stratford, and the villages , ibout there, refusals were in about the proportion of three to iine promises. The inhabitants of Buckinghamshire pro tested against his Parliamentary conduct, treated him with contempt on his canvas, burnt his effigy in most of their principal towns, and, to crown the whole, elected him." But what avail opinions, if men will not not act , r i o p r o m n e t r h s em ha . d ;:o W t ahcilaerritalkee ( w ß h u er e e k w in i g th ha t m o sthakiree)thßeeir voters to the poll, their advers ar i es came with their coaches and four, and swept out the villages." Strange that the Reformers should have seen all this going ou ‘sithout being inclined to bestir themselves. There are in every mar k et town and village some in div iduals posse s s e d o f influ ence. These men ought to urge those within the strhere of their influence to do their duty, to act on their opinions, and to supply, when necessary, the means o f conveyance to the poll. In the comities in which the Anti-Reform candidates were either frightened at the appearances against them, or were heat with great odds, the Reformers fairly put their shoulders to the wheel. The honour of the Re f,riners of Northamptonshire demands from them that they should be equal to the emergency. The poll for Northamptonshire stood on Saturday, at four o'clock, thus : Lord Althorp ...........................2,162 Lord Milton ........... 1,848 Cartwrigist ............................. 1,703 Knightley ............................... 1,221 We trust that the next acconnt will show that Lord Milton is out of danger. At the Edinburgh election it was stated by Sir John Dalrymple, that the Lord Advocate disclaimed having ever stated that any alterations of the qualification w ere contemplated by Ministers. On that head, there fore, no further uneasiness need be ent erta i ne d . The majority of Members in favour of Reform is now immense. The battle has, on the whole, been nobly fought by the people ; and they may calculate with confidence on the success of the Bill. —Morning Chronicle. The cause of Reform still triumphs. The people girded themselves to the combat like men, and wherever they have had an opportunity of acting they have beat their opponents with ease. To-day we have to add another to the already splendid list of victories achieved by them in the return at Wor cester of the Reform candidates, the H.in. Mr. Foley and Captain Spencer, and the utter discom fiture of the Anti-Reform pretender, in the person of Colonel Lygon. The battle was gallantly fought by the latter, and money, it is confidently a aced from all quarters, sass never more freely expended; but all that could be done was of no avail—the freeholders rushed forward to the poll with a determination which lift no doubt of success, and after a severe contest the gallant Colonel was ob.ieed to strike his colours, anti con , 'ess that the sense of the county was against him. In Northampton Lords Althorp arid Milton still keep at the head of the poll, though in the last two days' polling Mr. Cartwright appears to have gained a trifle upon the latter nobleman. There can be as little doubt, however, of the ultimate re. sult, as of the comparative merits of the two candi dates ; for while Mr. Cartwright is a comparatively unknown, and untried man, Lord Milton is advan tageously known both as the son of a nobleman for whom the country entertains very great respect, and also as a staunch Reformer during the whole of his political life. We trust, therefore, that those freeholders in town, who have not hitherto tendered their votes, will lose no time in repairing to the scene of action, and placing the election of Lord Milton beyond all doubt. In Dublin the tide has partially turned against the Reform candidates, and doubts are entertained of their success; but even if Dublin should return two Anti-Reformers, the cause can dispense with them. In every other part of Ireland Reform is in the ascendant. From the northern part of the kingdom also, the accounts are most favourable; and from a calcula tion which has been submitted to us, we have rea sod to believe, that there will be no fewer than thirteen returns for counties, and twelve for burghs, in favour of Reform, with only twelve against, and eight douhtful,—leaving a certain majority of five for Reform ! This will be pretty well for a system of representation, than which there never existed any thing more close or rotten. In Dor-er, Bankes tumbles lower and lower. Indeed, he has no chance, and the wonder with every one, even his own sup porters, is, that he does not resign. Such, also, is the case in Cornwall, where 6ir R. Vyvyan is corn plenly hors de combat. We think he must have had a presentiment of his fate, when, on the last day of the Session, he thundered forth his denun ciations against the King's Nlunisters, and the Re , form Morning Advertiser. The leading NlinisterialJournal--thatJournal which rejoices in the special protection and flourishes by means of the powerful aid of a learned and eminent individual, equally ready and adroit in all services, whether it be is legal and constitutional privilege that is to he assailed, or an effective and seasonable para graph that is to he manulartured—intimates to the public that in its judgment (whether in that of its distinguished patron and collaborateur it does riot distinctly inform us) the concurrence of the House of Lords to the projected change in the British Con stitution, is by no means an indispensable requisite. The Reformers, it seems, had rather for form's sake have the consent of this dignified although now use less and obsolete Assembly to the change they have in view; but if the House of Peers should presum e to exercie an independent judgment upon i the sub !vet, a n d h es i tate to pass t h e measure as t may be sent up to them from the House of Commons, why then the Reformers must do without them, a n d " the Bill may find its way into. the Constitution without much importunity to their Lordships," This doctrine is somewhat startling even for the present times, and we therefore, to avoid the sus picion of misrepresenting our contemporary, insert t he paragraph in which it is proclaimed : " People inquire o f us, how the House of Lords are likely to receiv the Bill when sent up to them from the Commons. Why, they will pass it, to he sure. The Bill will pass into a law through their Lordships' favour ; or it way be, we fear (and the anticipation is fearful), find its way ata the Constitution without much importunity to t heirLordshins. In short, the people will have the Bill ; and the people, let it he understood, does not with us mean the mob,—it means the mind of England." In the opinion, then, of the Times, or of those who prompt it, the " mind of England " may be authoritatively arid conclusively made up and pro nounced, not only without the concurrence, but in opposition to the recorded opinions of all the great seats of learning, of the Church, and of the House of Peers; and being so made up and pronounced, the House of Peers ceases from that moment ipso facto to be one of the Estates of the Realm. We do riot suspect our contemporary of writing without some definite meaning, and if he does not mean this, we should be exceedingly glad to know what he does mean. It has often been our duty to warn our countrymen that revolu tionary sentiments and movements are essentially progressive. In how striking and solemn a man ner is this warning enforced by the present aspect of society and the tone of popular language 111 the two greatest nations of the world, England and France. On the very day on which the Times promulgates the notion that a most important change of the Constitution of England may be effected by " the mind of England" —of the people of England, exclusive of and contradistinguished from the House of Peers, and in defiance even of any opposition that can possibly be offered by that proscribed branch of the Legislature —on the very day on which it thus speaks the language, not of a noviciate, but of a ripened and consummate revolutionist, and speaks this language without th e l eas t a p parent apprehen sion that an y l oss w ill ensue , e i t h er o f po pul ar favour or of m i n i ster i a l p atronage an d support — or e that same day the same Journal announces to the British public that in France, where the people have erected a Revolutionary Throne, arid placed upon it an idol for the worship of all the Revolu• tionists of Europe—that there, where Revolution has created for itself a Citizen King, and has made him the obedient slave of every whim, ex travagance, and caprice of the leaders of Revo lution—this submissive, obedient, condescending Citizen King has just become the subject of a new and very popular toast—that now, at the end of ten months from the elevation of Louis Philip to hie Revolutionary Throne, the favourite toast at th e banquets and carousals of the men who built up than throne, is " death to Louis Philip." W e appeal to the present language of the leading organ of the re forming Ministers of the King of En g land —We ap peal with the . same and not greater confidence to the popular toast of the Reformers, who lass titan ten months ago pretended to be the loyal, the most loyal , übjeuts of the King of the French; and we ask if we hav e no t b een r i g h t i n admonishing our readers that revolutionary sentiments and move ments are essentially progressive ? We cannot orm to remark that the Revolutionary Press, which no:, unfortunately in England, as it was in France at tht • nd of last July, is al.o the Ministerial Press, treat s the King of England with much less ceremony that was observed towards Louis Philip at the period to which we have adverted. The British House or Ps-era is proscribed, annulled, treated as a piece of mere idle and useless pageantry in the business of ' legislation, by the revolutionary Ministerial Press of this country, at the very moment—as if the denun• ciation and the insult had been reserved for the pur pose—when the King of England, in addition to hid constant and necessary sympathy with the as sembly as a Constitutional Monarch, has acquired a personal and paternal interest in its dignity, its cha racter, and its fate.—Morning Post. CHOLERA MORBUS. The Indian cholera—the new plague—its symp toms, its cause, and its cure, have been to Euro peans, for some time, a mere subject of speculation and conjecture; but the announcement, now placed beyond question, that the disease has infected the Pities as well as the Russians, and that, unchanged by the severity of the winter months, it is rapid ,y making its w a y t o th e centre o f E urope, will pr'o behly arouse the attention of the people of the South to the calamity which threatens them. Already we perceive that the Prussians and the Austrians are, independent of all political motives, preparing their cordon .ranitaire. We ourselves have, by an order of the 19th of April, placed all vessels arriving from Russian ports under the qua rantine laws; but we apprehend, unless we are to yield to the opinions of those who assert this disease, like the Gibraltar fever, not to be conta g'oua, that we have not yet used sufficient precau tions, and that these laws should be enforced with respect to all vessels arriving from places situated in the vicinity of those affected. We are the more inclined to say this, because we observe, in do-pile of all experience and numberless facts, that there ar e many- able, experienced, and scientific men in this country disposed to favour the opinion of cho lera not being contagious, and to lead us to try the dangerous experiment of resisting its influence ba the means of that eupi rior cleanliness and diet which we boast of in comparison with those among whom the disease is slid to have its origin, arid with whom it still periodically exercises so fetal an influence. Without entering into an examination of the various ingenious theories through which it has been attempted to prove that the cholera de pends on a peculiar state of the atmosphere, we may observe, that thirteen years have elapsed since the cholera commenced its ravages under that pecu liarly malignant character which it now assumes, and not a single experiment can be adduced to counte nance the existence of that peculiar state of the at mosphere to which the extension of the cholera is ascribed. Cholera has travelled as often against as with the course of the winds. In the very face of a strong S.W. wind, which blew in that direction for some months, it passed from Bengal to the Deccan. It has prevailed in every kind of weather common to the climates affected. In the driest weather, and during the deluge of periodical rains; in storms, arid in calms; under the scorching sun of Arabia, and amid the snows of Russia. Opposed as such facts are to the usual progress of maladies, the extension of which depend on atmosphere, there are others con nected with the progress of the cholera still more convincing. That disease has in general rigidly fol lowed the great highways of human intercourse. Pursuing the line of navigable waters, and the route of caravans, it extended through India, alone the rivers Ganges, flooghly, Jumna, and Nerbudda Arabia, Persia, and Syria were penetrated by the Persian Gulph, the Tigris, and the Euphrates. Moscow received the disease by the route of the 'Volga. China, other parts of Eastern Asia, and the various islands were infected over sea, as appears frost) the cholera making its earliest ravages among the port-towns and the maritime districts Agreeing with the disposition of contagious diseases, the cholera has been most virulent wherever human being., were numerous and concentrated. In densely peopled cities—in armies encamped—in localities unfavourable to free ventilation, as low sheltered grounds, narrow streets, arid dirty houses. The slow rate at which the epidemic advanced from place to place in succession:, and the temporary halts which it occasionally made, perfectly agree with a conta gious origin, bet they cannot be reconciled to an at mospheric. The cholera travels, on an average, an a rate varying bet ween ten and eighteen mites u day, but often in particular cases much less. Within the Zillah of Nellore it proceeded thirty-two miles in twelve days, and in the next twenty-seven days eighty milts. The Russian Government are of opinion that the cholera entered the province of Orenburg during the year 1829, with the caravans trading between Oren burg arid Bockhara, the commercial entrepot of cen tral Asia. During the summer of 1830, the Tartars who frequent Moscow for purposes of traffic, pre dicted the approach of a pestiferous malady; but the inhabitants, relying on the local advantages of the city, would not credit their assertions. Suddenly, however, the atmosphere was tilled with dense masses of small green flies, which in Asia are the forerunners of pestilence, and are called the plague flies. The streets swarmed with these insects, and as soon as the inhabitants quitted their houses, they were covered with them from head to foot. No at tention was, however, paid to this phenomenon, nor any measures of precaution adopted until intelligence arrived that this formidable disease had appeared in Nischin-Novgorod : quarantine regulations were im mediately enforced, but it was too late. The fugi tives from the infected places brought the disease itself with the tidings of its progress ; consternation prevailed among all ranks—every one who possessed the means fled from the city, and even the medical men were incapacitated by terror from paying atten tion to the sick. in the confusion which prevailed all business was discontinued, and those able to work were unable to find employment. The consequence was a rapid increase of robbery and murder. Im postors, pretending to be suddenly attacked by cholera, fell down in apparent convulsions, while their confederates availed themselves of the panic, and robbed with impunity those who were flying from the fancied contagion, and in one instance, a house was entered by a band of ruffians who mur dered all the inmates, and carried away their property. The number of persons attacked did riot exceed 8,000, and it was observed that the least timid, and those who pursued their out-door occupations as usual, generally escaped, with rare exceptions: the nurses and physicians, and the soldiers who conveyed the dead t o t h e p i ece of interment, cont i nue d i n per fect health. Th e symptoms o f t h e di sease were precisely the same as those of the spasmodic choler a a p Mechanics of Indi a . Th e attac k i s usually most insidi ous and sudd en . I n t h e hi stor y of the epidemi c , i nstances are numerous of soldiers falling in the line of marc h , and dyin g instantly, as if seared by lightni ng, with outr having uttered previousa eieds%h complaint,which had been applied perished with their working implem ents i n their hands—the Brahmin at his beads, and t h e Ryot at his plough. The e em in Southern Asia were, however, found fatally in • • at Moscow. While bleeding resorted in jurious was to as in Asia, the majority of the cases proved fatal; but an d une_ucated citizen of Smolensko having tried fonie ntatiozis to p romote perspiration, with success, the physicians adopted the suggestion, and the re coveries were afterwards much more numerous than the deaths. The disease was, however, as mortal in Russia as elsewhere, comparing the number of deaths with the diseased, but it is remarkable that ewer were attacked there than in the southern countries. Whether this partial immunity resulted from the climate and the stronger corbtitutions of he Russians, or the rigid quarantine it is inippssible to decide; but the strongest evidence in support of contagion, and the propriety of enforcing quarantine. is to be found in the fact, that the appearance of tht disease in one country has been generally shown ti have immediately succeeded the arrival of per sons from another in which the epidemic prevail e d In Persia the gates of Ispahan were closed ag,ains a suspected caravan, and it was obliged to pas s through Yerd. Shortly afterwards the cholera de sir oved 7,000 of the inhabitants of Yerd, wbih Ispahan escaped all infection. Cholera is capricious in the selection of its victims. The infirm and tia debilitated are its favourite subjects, but the bes • state of health will not secure exemption. Tin :clack population, however, have suffered meet more than the white, for it is supposed that mon than four millions of the natives of Intra 'wen swept away since 1517', in tile course of it, progress. The Englishman's Magazine, from which we have selected the greater portion of these facts and observations, thus concludes a vely elaborate tccuunt of the progress and return of the disease " The laws of cholera bear the impress of that pre siding intelligence who has described a circle beyond which every species of phys:cal evil must cease ti, mar the harmony of life. Were the disease to con tinue its ravages in the same place for a series on years, it would depopulate the world. Few loca lities have suffered longer than four or six week. tit a time under the worst form of distemper, and to this succeed long intervals of safety, more ter less complete. It does not, moreover, promise to be a plague that will descend as a miserable inheritance to many generations. Some countries, formerly af flicted, are even now returning thanks for perma nent relief; aid in most the destroyer has relaxed its severity. 'Wherever it may next (Erect its course, the principal danger is to be apprehended. May its footsteps be averted from the dwellings of the poe , in Great Britain and Ireland." In concluding this brief sketch of the progress of the cholera, we are bound to repeat our conviction, from all we have vet read or heard on the subject, that t his disease, whether it arose from vegetable decomposition, or from animal exhalations, or even from a peculiar state of the atmos phere, is now decidedly contagious, and as much to be guarded against as any oftlinE , e plagues which have de -ola•ed this country at various periods of our history. We know that therearea• the present moment many in genious, learned, and scientific men, both profes sional and private, who, having contended that the plague and the yellow fever are local diseases, de pendent on particular atmospheres and exhalations, and prepared not to follow up their views, by hold ing the same theory with respect to cholera. It is quite certain that much new and important informa tion, with respect to vellow fever, has been ohtained through the real investigation of Mr. Elugh Fraser, Air. Wilson, anti Dr. Smith, during the progress of the epidemic of 1828, at Gibraltar; and we are pre pared to admit, that the evidence which their con troversies with Sir William Pym and Dr. Barry has called forth, deserve the utmost attention, and should even be made the subject of renewed Parliamentary inquiry ; but with the experience of the progress of the cholera for years, through the coldest as well as the hottest countries of the world, and at every season of the year, we think that any relaxation of the severest quarantine, would, with our present in rormation, be the height of insanity. It will be said, arid truly too, that this dread of infection most aggravate the difficulties of the brave defenders of Poland. We are pained to think it must; but when the Govermnents of Europe, from mere !racy, have hitherto scarcely raised a voice in their favour, sub jects of these Governments can scarcely be much blamed now for calling on their rulers to protect them from pestilence.—Observer. COUNTY OF CLARE—The Lord Lieute nant's Proclamation to the people of Clare, callirg upon them to resign their arms by the 14th instant, not having been complied with, the Limerick Chronicle states that proclamation has arrived from llubli•t laying the entire county of Clare under the Insurrection Act. IMPERIAL AND ROYAL CORRESPONDENCE. —" The C"rrespondence of Sir John Sincl,ir," just pub lished, contains letters to the Dukes of YORK and KENT —the Emperor NAPOLEON—the Emperor JosEPll—the Empress CATHERINE—the Eatp , ror PAUL--the Etupvri r ALExANDEK—STA NISLA US, King of Paland—FaEtir- RICK WILLIAM I. King of Prussia—GUSTAvUs 111. King of Sweden—BERNADOTTE, King of Sweden— FREDERICK VI. King of D iimark—the Duke of BRUNS WICK. and Prince FERDINAND—the Prince of ORANGE and HOLLAND—the King of SAXONY—the Duke of ()ELEA Ns—the Archduke JOHN of Austria, &c. Among the fine collection of autographs which accotn p inies the volumes, will also be !aund fac-similes of the hand-writing of many of the above. While PASTA and LALANDE were at Milan, a feud broke nut between them, in their characters of prima donna of the Scala and Canobiano. The adhe rents of each were as furious in their animosity as the Guelfa and Ghibelincs of old. Each party had their place of rendezvous, their Catt!t Pasta or Lalandesta, where they discussed politics over sherbet and lemonade. A hundred duels were or would have been the consequence, but for the interruption of the police, who could not, how • ever, prevent a little private and polite assassination.— Affairs at length ran so high as to attract the attention of Government ; and the disturbances at the theatre being suspected to be the cloak of some treason against the State, all hissing in public was interdicted on pain of imprison ment. An inveterate Pastaist was at a party where LA overcome. " Make LA LANDE was present, and was so pleased with her . good nature, affability, and, above all, with the refined skill with t w he hc h i o ly st. His request being his heresy, and professed which she sang an exquisite aria of her own compost. n ti l o e n im t o l . i w at complied with, him self the most enthusiastic of her worshippers. Triumph for an instant glanced in her eye, but, checking the ex pression, she said, " Do not deceive yourself; I owe your n h t i o s leer," i saidec prejudicesabtwee recanted praises to my rival's absence; you will change your opinion to-morrow at La Scala," on -Trent, curr i e l d U at ß ll D la E rn ß ha ll tn Y o am c- , county C.— A o n f No Brenttti ng h on Tuesday evening week, which has caused a sensation in that neighbourhood almost baffling description. An old man, Wl4l. PAGE, nearly '7O years of age, a labourer, resided in a small cottage there with his wife, an indus trious woman, a few years younger than himself. They had been married 40 years, and four of their children are now living. PAGE had been a class leader in the Metho dist connection upwards of 20 years; latterly, however, lie betrayed symptoms of derangement by the 'flightiness of his manner, but by prompt medical attendance, he re covered, and pursued his avocation as a labourer on the road as usual. On the day above-mentioned he was sitting 'with his wife and a neighbour, the latter left them about half-past five in the afternoon, and PAGE, up to that time, appeared to give no indications of the dreadful tragedy that was speedily to follow, but, on the contrary, seemed perfectly tranquil and happy with his wife, and had made an arrangement to proceed with her the next day to visit one of her sons, who was I ill, at Carlton -upon-Trent. She left the house at the hour stated, to get some linen from a hedge, which the poor woman had placed there to dry, and whilst in the act of doing so, her husband came un awares behind her, and striking a deadly blow with a hatchet on her head, felled the poor creature to the ground ; this was sufficient to cause instant deith, but he made a second stroke with the same murderous weapon, which caught her on the shoulder ; she gasped once or twice and expired. A child belonging to a neighbour witnessed the ' affair, and gave instant alarm, exclaiming that " William Page had killed his wife." The dreadful news soon spread, and the murderer was secured, hut he could give no account why he committed the act. After examination before the county Magistrates, he was conveyed on the following Fri day to the gaol Nottingham, and fully committed for wilful murder till the ensuing assizes. He appeared indisposed on his way thither, but refused on his arrival to state any c tu-e for his conduct, or even t ) name what complaint he was labouring, under; he likewise objected to take any sus tenance or medicine, saying, " It was no use to him." H , was locked up for the nig ht i n hi s cell, but carefully axaminea, and deprived of any means of destroying himself. .., his prison door oot un- In the morning, about s ix o'c loc k closed, and his lif e l e ss body lay, face downwar d s , prostrate on the bed. An inquest was held on his remains, on Sat ur . lay last, and after a careful investigation, a suitable v er di ct of "Died from natural causes was returned, it h av i ng b een proved by a post mortemexam ex amination in the p resence of ;he faculty, that the wre tch ed man s death had been occa- Iby an inflammation of the brain and bowels. After he apprehension of PAsr, he Was heard to say that he had k.-pt the hatchet in the house solely for the purpuse he had used it for. UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE. OXFORD, MAY 13.—Yeeterdsy the following Degr ee s were conferred : NIASTRRS OF ARTS. James Henry Hughes, Fellow of Magdalen William Pilkington, Demy of Magdalen Rev. Caleb Whitefoord, Queen's. R tCHELORS OF ARTS Thomas Green Simcox, Wadham, Grand Compounder George B. Moore, Christ Church, Grand Compounder Philip James Honywood, Trinity, Grand Compounder George Casson, Brazenose George Clark, University William Boyd, University Dighy Latimer, Lincoln Edward Walwyn Foley, Scholar of Wadham William James Heale, Wadham 'I Dyke Acland, Christ Church Herbert Kyn stop, Student of Christ Church William Williams, Worcester John Richard Errlngton, Worcester Charles Edward Armstrong, Worcester. Henry Hebson, Queen's Charles Cameron, Queen's Henry Goldney Randall, Queen's Thomas Legh Claughton, Scholar of Trinity Walter Kitson, Scholar of Balliol Archibald Allen Cameron, Pembroke Robert William Browne, Fellow of St. John's Charles Spencer Bunyon, New College. ECCLESIASTICAL PR EFE E NTS. The Rev. Flenry Hugh Way, of Merton college, to fix Vicarage of Ilenlmry, near Bristol, on the joint presenta tion of Sir John Smyth, Bart. and the Rev. C. Gore. The Bishop of Litchfield and Coventry has in.titoteci the Rev. J. Harward, 11I.A. of Frome Selwool, t o th e Vicarage of Wirksworth, Derbyshire, on the presentation of the Dean of Lincoln. The Rev. Mason Anderson has been instituted by the lord Bishop of Bath and Wells to the Rectory of Sher— rirNton, Somerset hire, void by the resignation of the Rev. Ibomas Davies, on the presentation of Aylmer Burke Lambert, Esq. of Boyton House, Somerset. The Rev. J. Cottingham, B.A. of Clare Hall, Cam. Ipidp,e, to the Perpetual Curacy of Shotwick, Cheshire; p tr, , ns, the Dean and Chapter of Chester. The Rev. H.R. Owen, B.D. of St. John's College, Rector of St. Olave's, hart-street, to the Rectory of Throekimg, Herts. His Maj,sty has been pleased to appoint the Rev. Ben jamin Bailey, M. A., Senior Wool .1 Chaplain of the Is!and of Ceylon, in the room of the Hon. and Rev. Ed ward Finch, deceased. COUNTRY CORN MARKETS. DURING LAST WEEK. Wheat. Barley. Oats. Beans. Ter Quarter. Cal lisle , Carmart hen Hexham orpet h , PVllrith Sheffield Winchester 8. to il . l 8. to z. 52 72 33 31 6i 70 3.2 36 --- T i t 1 9 , iS 70 38 43 s.d. s. (1. 5.d. 1 , .(1. 7 0 9 0 4 8 5 4 11 0 11 6 60 66 70 93 36 4 6 90 9 4 59 6`. 86 9U 46 50 90 100 4 6 50 s. to s. 37 8. to A. r '29 30 3'2 3f; —26 30 s. it. s. d. 36 40 46 50 33 40 36 40 26 30 2 6 Per Bushel. Coventry Newcabtle (Stair.) Northallerion ..-- Stafrord Swansea Warwick Per Bul!. Barnarde.l4 , tle Durham 17 9 19 6 160 200 17 0 20 6 170 186 Ilichnu;nd Stockton . 00 100 90 10 0 1 9 0 10 0 90 10 01 80 90 56 78 76 98 66 74 B.d. 5 59 59 00 73 0 0 11 0 too 120 10 6 12 0 00 00 WAKEFIELD CORN MARKET.-May 13. Wheat, Red, Norfolk and Sufi - elk 58s. 655. to 71s. fine 745. - Lin. and Cain. s9s. 653. to 695. fine 725. ----- Yorkshire 58s 635. to 665. fine 703. White 6'..N. 68s. to 735. fine 775. - Foreign, Red 5Ss. Ns. to 70s. tine 730. White 625. 695. to 725. fine 765. Barley, Norfolk and Suffolk Vs. to 425. tine 445. Lincolnshire 2ds. to 345. fine 38s. - Yorkshire Weld Foreign -s. to -s. fine -s. Beans, ---- Nevi 355. to 395. fi ne 41e Oats, Potato 27s. to 31s. fine 333. -- Poland -8. 265. to 295. fine 31a. -- Frierland and Small ---- M eal in g l6d. to 15d. per Stone. Shelling 3ss. to 365. Od. per Load. Malt 44s. 475. fine 5.)5. per Load. Rapeseed coS' 'CH MARKETS. Wheat. Aberdeen Coldstream Car I)undee Glßiu Inverness,...,, Kelso ---- Kirkaltly-- I Perth The size 5 . 0 1;6 42 44 44 47 54 76 48 61 58 63 152 58 1 42 46 42 70 50 60 Of the m, Barley Oats. lOatmeal. ' l B 34 '23 27 1 25 27 19 21 128 30 24 28 19 22 25 26 29 32 23 33 40 42 32 34 23 28 38 40 32 35 211 26 19 21 32 31 122 '2l 24 35 '5 28 121 23 29 36 27 39 25 32 45 48 21 24 19 22 28 34 inure varied throughout the countrT, 3.9 40 40 44 48 - EDINBURGH MEA We had a good gupply of I which met with a very dull sale, Pei Sack or SOIb !M I , First Oatmeal £2 5 0 Second ditto 2 3 0 Barleymeal I I I 0 Peasemeal 1 14 0 Pot Barley—No. I, per cwt. 14 43 44 f. MA RK ET. —May 10. Oatmeal at this day's market, at last week'i, prices. l'er Stone of 14tb First Oatmeal £0 2 4 Second ditto Barleymeal 0 1 10 l'easeinchl 20,—Peat 1 245. EDINBURGH CORN MARICK!'.—May 11. We had a small supply of all kinds of Grain to-day, and sales were dull. Wheat ss. down on the top, and 6d. on the average. Barley d. down on the top, and Is. 6d. up on the average. One parcel of fine lats brought 34s , which is 4s. up on the top, and 7d. on the average. Pease and Beans' s. down on the top, and Pd. on the average. Wheat. I Barley. Oats. Pease. First 7ls Od 41s fid 34, lid 42 , 01 Second POs Od 40s Od 28s Od 40s Od 'third PRICES or PROVISIONS, Be. Reef, per lb. as. 4d. tons. 7d. Fresh Butter, lb.s.lld. to 15.51 0 6 0 8 Salt 0 9 010 Veal 0 4 0 9 Ditto, per cat. 74 0 80 0 Pork. 0 4 0 6 Eggs, per doz. 0 7 0 0 Lamb, per qr. 3 6 5 0 OatStraw(kp'.) 8 6 9 0 Tallow, cwt.... 37 6 40 0 Wheat Ditto.. Bli 9 0 Quartern Loaf 0 9 010 Barley Ditto 7 0 7 6 Potatoes, 171 lb. 0 0 0 5 Hay, per 1 0 1 5 GLASGOW CORN The Grain market continues Wheat, per 2.4411 h. s. d. s. d. British, old 810t036 Beans. a:.ai V.'s Od 36s Od MARKET.—May 11. lull at nearly former rates. Oats, per 2 , 4 d): a. a. s. Irish 2O 0 t 023 0 British 2l o 0 Beans, per 2601 b. English ....... 2i 0 22 0 Scottish Pease, Scottish 20 0 22 0 Oatmeal, per 1401 b. 19 0 21 0 Flour, per 2801 b r2 0 34 0 new 0 31 0 C.macia, free 32 0 33 0 Irish Harley, per 3201 b. English ............ 0 Sottish 2B 0 30 0 Irish .......... 24 0 27 0 CORNWALL MARKETS. Timm—Wheat (average) 26s.—Barley. 12s.:6(1.—Oats. 9s. 6d. Sr. AusreLL—Wheat, 245. to 27s.—Barley, 12s. to 13s.—Oateh Os. to 3d. Honmts—Wheat (average) 275.—Barley, Its. Od.—Oats, Bi. Od. utie ESTON—Wileat (average) 275. Od.—Barley, 13s. Oki.—Oatsr Bs. o,l.—Beef, 6d.—Mutton, 6d. lIEL3TON—Wheat, 2.75. Od.—Barley, 133. Od. PENZANCE—Wheat, 255. to •263.—Barley, —s. to 145.--Oatio Os. to Ss. I(l.—Beef and Mutton, scl. to 6d.—Pork, 31d. to 4d.- Butter, Od, per lb. Ltsx - sAito:—Wheat, —s. Oil. to 1.45. fY , to Os. Od. ST. CoLuma—Wheat, 2.55. to 27s.—Barley, 12.5. to 134,-.Beat and Mutton, Col to 3! t id.—Veal, 4%d.—Lamb, 6%c1. MINING INTELLIGENCE. Tons. Cwt , Quantity of Copper Ore sold at Redruth last Thursday 2,60'2 0 Average Produce 0 ier 268 11 11. 15s. 6d.—Average Standard, 90/. Os. Od• !uantil mouut 01 HISTORY OF EDICINE.—The work just published under this title is from the pen of Dr. HAMIL• TON. In tracing the changes which have taken place fronl time to time in the medical art, the author also records the alterations, which have occurred in the aspect, at different periods, of diseases themselves, and has illustrated his nal. rative by memoirs of the most celebrated physicians and surgeons from the earliest titres. COURT OF EXCHEQUER, MAY 14.—1 n the case of the KING v. CARPENTER, which was not con' eluded when we went to pros on Saturday, the Jury re' turned a verdict for the Crown on two counts, one for 100/. the other for 20/. The ATTORNEY-GENE RAL de' dined asking a verdict on the other counts; but observe' that the defendant was liable to the payment of Starng Duty on all the copies he had sold. CAUTION.—On Saturday morning, about eight o'clock, a boy (tressed in a velveteen jacket, hair,' cap, and having in his hand a basket similar to those used by carpenters, called at the Ipmse of Mr. R. G. Smut(' 16, Lambeth-road, and enquired for Mr. S., when, during Car temporary absence of the servant girl to call bee entermaster, r sand two ti re tY t tumblers, ble two shells. parlour,heda stolev a i f edt two o ru s s p e i l r f i t o d f e t c h a e n toeprp, BIRTHS. On the 9th inst. at Aldr dge Rectory, Stafford s hi re , the Lads Emily 'larding, o f a daughter. On the ! th inst. at Enfield, the lady of Captain Connop, of , son, still-born. On the 12th inst. at Hove, near Brighton, the lady of the Ref' G. Millet, of a son. St. On the Nth MARRIED. inst. becil nse, E. Borouh, Lai' eldest son of Sir H. Bor y ou sp a gh, Bartlic., e to Lady Elizabeth St. Lai', ran ee, youngest d aughter of the late and sister of the preset' Earl of Howth. On the 14th inst. John White, Esq., of Dart-nouth-stre!' W estminster, to Frances Caroline, only daughter of C. Wait" M.D. of Hope Lodge, Woodford, Essex. D On the Iflth inst. at HampstealED. d, Mrs. E. Sotheby, aged formerly of York.street, Covent-garden. On the I lth ins% at her sister's, Mrs. Phipps, Little-grec, s !' Sussex, Sarah, widow of the late T. Re!sail, Esq , of Greenwic o a3ed SO. PAINTED AND PUUL IMIE D BY MUR .40 DO YOUNG, AT . - BM , ' OtTICF, 112, STAAND, LONDON. Bu, the del) GESS best gel( of the 31 has reel.) nectiont4 iion_l divappoi sorted ti tikeir fin vignaturi Jofil much-es t 3 be pr given thi Warm London. CA B INI MR 1 hest. selec England, Leaden ha ably to A and encou bine to pi. Members at death. IN the nt merits of an evil more i vortex of dece the laws of na exaction for 11 as well as hod, as to require whose time ha cesesfully devot debility, whet proffer the mo has enervated which the pool without further and be kindly 1 creation. Tin diligence, has nhy leirn to re s titution. from Lues Yen, the quack, or t a eertain restor or connubial to despair, the-i c p e‘ i vv a u l e 'lr t i e ‘ h v o sy d ! e :l the cot; : c .e °n • o t e : ;1 trig minutely thi vire and Medici! observation. , GO; I I , I] ' of l e Li i t ;p ja h u i fs li t s in : ,il'T P Se4c o x r .-- t . er 3. ,I‘7l 2 3iy ,G 'gb( r e'i a a l ff°%'; at 9, Cal tningiam ; Duffi teniiain ; Loder, Cambridg e ; Tre frehtt i,n ; Gore am r Todd, fialdou a n d L oy Dowding, Salisbi each. .a. 60 60 66 8 6 I Ai WI rec the int 13LI. SHI SHC Clot seen and I and i his b FAS