The Sun. — London, England, 1831-06-18 00:00:00

7,111M1' OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. No period has occurred in the history of the French ltevolution of July last so critical or inte resting as the present. The approaching elections are calling forth the force of parties for the struggle to settle:the principles of the Constitution,—the state of foreign affairs has arrayed the partisans of external peace or war against each other, and such domestic e.ombatants as cannot appear at the Electoral Col leges to dispute constitutional questions ► ;Jr in the Legislature to decide on international relations, are battling in the provinces about the plantation of trees of liberty, er the erection of. Catholic crosses. A general agitation, ferme.:it, or uncertainty prevails over the whole surface of the kingdom. No prin. ciple seems settled—nothing placed beyond the reach of contest. The sovereignty created behind the barricades seems to think that it should never leave that position,—that it should never abdicate its power, but should be vernetually at the head of riots against established authority. The men of July have already changed 'three or four different sets of Statesmen, and are more dissatisfied with the present Ministers than they ►were with Prince Polignac and his colleagues. They are equally dissatisfied with the Constittr , tion as it was left by the Constituent Chatnber, and call loudly for a modification of an essential branch of the legislature. As they incessantly place their own princ►ple of popular sovereignty in op position to the authority derived from tradition or feudal legitimacy, they conceive that their anta gonists entertain the same feelings towards them, and that they are only prevented from attacking I them by the inadequacy of their force or the want of opportunity. Hence their never-ending cry for war against any body and any thing connected with g. The Holy Alliance." Tnere are many other to pics connected with the present state of France, which we cannot at present enumerate, bat we can not omit the notice which the .ifeneur has taken of an article in the St. Peter.vbe.rg,li Gazelle, which has not only inflamed the patriotic indignation of the French people, but has called forth the remon strances of the French Cabinet. The following is the roost striking passage of the article alluded to : " The future is impenetrable to our eye ; but if it be true that all evils on earth are confined to certain bounds, and that the invisible hand which rules the world puts an end to them sooner or later, we think we perceive through the threatening gloom the first ray of this consolatory truth. However great the destroying rsge of the revolu tionary scourge which has been chastising Europe for three ten months may be, it is perhaps nearer being exhausted than we imagine. At the aspect of Italy, which is restored to legitimate order and tranquillity, Propa gandism sees some of those seeds of anarchy, which bad been sown so amply over all Europe, destroyed, upon appearance, in the bud. Let it cease, then, to ex haust itself in murderous efforts to keep up the remains of error and delusion, which can only increase the number of victims, and is not a match for a power that is founded on justice and reason ! Let it leave the care of the happi ness of nations to the Princes who govern them, and who, better than the heads of the Liberal School, know how to render the light of the 19th century conducive to the general good. These Sovereigns and their Govern ments will now have to clo , e with their utesast efforts the terrible wounds inflicted by liberalism in the name of that light. This mission, which the Emperor has already begun to fulfil in the midst of the cares of the war, he will fully accomplish when the demon of anarchy shall have been driven from his empire by the powerful exertions of a faithful nation, in the same manner ss, nineteen years ago, the invasion of Napoleon was repelled. We are daily witnesses of the gracious acts by which the Emperor di minishes the evils caused by a detestable rebellion. Thus the Monarch anticipates the desired moment when, free from the care of waging war or punishing, he will have nothing to do but to heal the wounds which the too docile Poles have inflicted upon themselves, by yielding to the in fluence of men whom they will soon learn to know better." The illoniteur has told us that the French Mi nistry has demanded an explanation of this language; and we have no doubt either of the fart itself, or the I propriety of the demand. It is well known that the Emperor of Russia was the last to acknowledge the new state of things in France; that he refused a formal recognition of Louis Philip till the middle of December; that he was preparing, during the months of October and November, an expedition to the Rhine; and that the whole force of his empir e was to be put iu motion to combat revolution in the south, when the Polish insurrection crossed his path and gave him work enough to do nearer home. The recognition of the new French dynasty was then extorted from the fears rather than made by the will of the Czar. Of this circumstance the French Go vernment was fully apprised by official documents. found among the papers of the Grand Duke Con stantine at Warsaw, and it pardoned th past inter lions of the Russians, relying on their professions of future friendship. The present manifesto of the Petersburgh Gazelle seems to be a :renewal of the same menance which the Polish insurrection had destroyed. It is no answer to this foolish declara tion that it does not bear the signature of a Minis ter, and that it appears only as an article in a journal. Whatever is published under a Government which exercises a censorship of the Press, is considered as published by the Government itself, or at least with its sanction, and therefore the paper alluded to is as official as if it had appeared in the Moniteur. Pro bably, even in these circumstances,a Government like that of France, if it felt itself as strong as the nation was powerful, would have despised a paragraph in a newspaper, though it had been wrilten by the Prime Minister of the Autocrat of " all the itussias."— Times. One of the great dutie3 of a Government is to attend to every thing which can affect the health of the community. It is bound to take all the measures of precaution in its power to prevent the spread of contagious diseases, or to allay those alarms respecting them, which may themselves be considered as a species of contagion. Iu thus acting for the public, a prudent and wise Administration must, in the first instance, proceed upon the best information which it can obtain from the most com petent portion of the profession, and afterwards institute those inquiries which are best calculated to give the profession itself new means of forming a correct opinion, or of employing better modes of cure. Both these purposes seem to have been aaswered by the steps which Government has pur sued respecting the cholera morbus. This epide mic has approached too near us to allow us to neg lect its symptoms. It possesses too many charac ters of contagion to warrant us in despising the usual means of precaution, and its type and mode of treatment in countries so remote from its origin as the north of Europe from India, are too doubtful and uncertain to permit us to rest satisfied with the experience or suggestions of foreign physicians. It is, therefore, with pleasure that we announce the departure to-day of a medical commission for Riga, to examine the nature of the disease, to inform Go vernment of its character, and to suggest the best means of guarding this country against its intro duction or ravages, if they should consider it infec tious, It is not for us to venture any opinion upon a medical subject on which the profession are so much di v id ed; but if we were to judge from the h istory and p rogress o f t h e I n di an c h olera towards the west--by the course o f r i vers , i n t h e trac k o f caravans,s or by th e medium of sea-ports--without o be rvm g any line of latitude, without following the course of th e trade-winds or being being regulat e d by any degrees of temperature, we should say th at t h e evi dence lies on th e side f contagion, At any rate, a prudent Governm ent oughtrather to employ an ex cess of caution, than to expose the public health to the least hazard.—Tintes. The Constitutionne/ is just now publishing the Secret Menzoranda of the Ambassadors of 'Liss'la Austria, Prussia, and the Netherl an d s , after the battle of Waterloo, which have hitherto, says that Journal, remained unpublished. The object of the publication is to show the designs entertained by the great Powers with regard to France, and to es tablish the incapacity of M. :sebastiani, in placing France out of the European Alliance, and, as it were, again under the old treaty of Chaumont.. One of these Memoranda—that of M. de Metternich—is so curious, that we shall extract it The Allied Powers," said M. de M., " have a tight to demand bolo France—l. An indemnity for the charges of :he war; 2. A real and permanent guarantee, in changing its offensive into a defensive attitude_ The offensive attitude of France is founded on the establishment of great armed places and fortresses placed at advanced poste, and on a system of forti fications which has acquired new value from two eh coo:stances which cannot be too much taken into account; the one is the, institution of the National Guard—of that great defensive ibra, , , which is sufficient for the manning or all the places of France, and which permits its Government to throw with impunity, beyond the frontiers, all its regular mili tary force ; the other is, the destruction of all the strong places in the Low Countries and in Germany, by France herself. France (he adds) preserving her triple line of fortresses, will be always, and under any form of Government, sufficiently strong to push beyond her frontiers more people than can be opposed to her by any Power of the first order, and to risk them in losing battles, which she will always fight out of her own territories, rather than be forced to renounce her project bt - ainquest. She will be even strong enough to resist, in ordinary times, the at tack of 'ew e. or three Powers of the first order, united in the same cause. The conviction which the French must have—that wars cost them only men, a nd at most money, but that the properties of individuals cannot be devastated, and that the citizens are in no risk of being exposed to the scourges inseparable from the presence of hostile armiesia, without contradiction, one of the reasons which has put offensive means the most at the disposition of the revoletion'ary Government. It is sufficient to know the selfishness (egoism) and the want of puma. spirit which characterise the French nation, to set to this condition a particular value." " One may see from this," observes the einistiltt tionnel," that M. de Metternit‘,ll does nor think with NI. Sebastiani, that the best war is that which is carried on a_t home." The documents, as far as published, are curious. One may see what import ance the Despots attach to the French National • Guard. It would not do for Austria to put arms into the hands of her own people ; but she wished to bring down France to her own level. The para irraph in the St. Petersburgh .Jour-:a", assuming a Divine Mission to the Autocrtt to put down revo lutionary Governments, will, we fear, afford but too good a handle to those who may wish to put M. de Metterteith's theory to the test. We refer our readers to the letter in our eclutins this day front 0. P. Q., for an account of the critical state of mat ters in the Frets` h capital. Things assume now a more warlike aspect than ever.—Morning Chronicle. Mr. C. Williams, in a pamphlet on the improve ment of Ireland, published some days ago, which contains some curious information respecting the de fective state of the internal communication of that country, and especially' of the advantages which might be derived fiorn the navigation of the Shan non, in n'aticing the astonishing ignorance of the Sister Kingdom that prevails in England, alludes, by way of illustration, to a declaration of the Com mittee for managing the subscriptions for the suffer. ing Irish, that the money had been laid out here in the purchase of food and shipped off' without delay. This, observes Mr. Williams, is a needless waste of the funds, as food could everywhere have been pur chased in abundance in the suffering districts cheaper than in England, to say nothing of the heavy expence of conveyance. There is no want of food in Ireland, hut those who are without money cannot purchase it. In Cohbell's Regider of this day there is a quo tation from a speech of Lord Grey, during a similar conjuncture:— 1 In 1822," says Mr. Cobbett, " when there was also a famine i❑ Ireland, but nothing like that which prevails at present, there was a discussion upon the subject in the House of Lords, in which Lord Grey took a part ; and he is now Prime Minister—as it is a Whig Ministry,' in stead of Tory Ministry'—it is worth while for us to hear what this very Lord Grey said upon that oc • casion ; and we will hear it ; and here are his words, according to the published report, spoken on the 1 lth of May, 1821 What a picture of a Government ! Hundreds and thousands of the people of Ireland dying in the streets for want of food ; in the midst of an al leged superabundance," Very true, my Lord Grey, but not a more frightrul picture then than it is now; and it is you wht: are now at the head of that Government, and have been at the head of it for eeven months or more; and nothing has either been done, or attempted to be done ; not even a consoling promise has been put final during these five months of suffering, and indeed, of starvation t no measure that I have heard of, other than that of a Special Commission, has been rolepted with regard to this unhappy country, What a picture of a Government !' And so exclaims tbe whole nation now." Lord Grey might well exclaim in 1822, " What a picture of a Government!" and yet not be now liable to a similar accuratiett. The Ministers to which he succeeded never attempted to remedy the disease of the social system of Ireland. All that they cared for was jobbingand corruption for the benefit of the ascendancy; that it should not be in danger from re bellion; that the enormous sinecures of the Church should not become the subject of consideration, for which purpose the Catholic question was of in calculable service. The comfort of prosperity of the great body of the people of a country never, we suppose, occupied one moment's con sideration of a man like Lord Eldon. But it is im. possible in seven months to do everything. On i great question has very properly obtained the almost exclu sive attention of the Ministers during nearly the whole of the seven months—namely, the Reform of Par liament. We do not believe that, with an Mire' formed Parliament, Lord Grey, or any other Mini• ster, is able to carry such a measure as is necessary for Ireland, The truth is, that the foundations of the strength of England were laid before the Oli garchy obtained ascendancy at the Revolution, We may see from what tak(s place in Ireland, what England would have been under her Oligarchy, if the influence of that body had not been counter acted by circumstances deriving their origin from perieds prior to the Ascendancy. The constant tendency, however, ever since the Revolution of 1688, in our Legislature, to consider only the rich, and to encroach on the poor, sufficiently shows the nature end spirit of the Government. But in Ire land the Oligarchy have had it all to themselveS they had a clear stage for their operations. To re medy the evils in the system of that country, will be both a work of time and of difficulty. It would ' have been imprudent in Earl Grey's Ministry to en , cumber themselves with this difficulty, at a time when they have to make head against a powerful confederacy, accustomed to the plunder of the na tion, and stirring heaven and earth to retain it. Mr. Cobbett is led by the prosecution against him (a step we are sorry to see taken) to be unjust to wards the Ministry of Earl Grey. Mr. Cobbett has some striking remarks on the subject noticed by Mr. 'Williams, to which we have alluded. " It is in Galway—observe, reader—that the actual starvation is raging most, where the poor creatures cannot get a handful of meal to boil up with the nettles and sea-weed. They cannot get a handful of the meal of oats to prevent their souls from leaving their bodies ; and it is certified that, in one small parish, eight persons had died within a very short period from starvation only. Now then, reader ; now then, Englishman, if you have a drop of compas sionate blood in your body, learn this fact, that, no longer ago than Tuesday last, that is to say, yesterday, six hundred and eight tons of oats; that is to say, about six thousand quarters of oats; that is to say, at 35Ibs. a bushel, one million three hundred and thirty-four thousand pounds weight of oats, ar rived in London only, from Galway, the very spot where the people are dying of starvation for want of the Meal I These oats came in five vessels, the Union, th e J o h n G u i sa , the Char lotte, he Li ve l y, an d t h e Victory. Very lively, and tu re v o e f a very vict or i ous ! G rac i ous God ! ' what a pic- Governm ent • the people dying of starva- , tion in the midst of ' a superabundance of food ! What fools ! nay, what , tpwerLet ,rse scoundrels ! what ' priest-ridden' as rascals ! what 1 superstitious' beastrasoLks-ehrbugged' and Spaniards, and Sicilians and Brazilians, and B:le glans, must have been, and must be, to _reject the kind suggestion of out Govevinnent to adopt f o r themselves a British Constitutio n 1' that envy of surrounding nations and admiration of the world ! Oh, base dogs ! Let them be fed at the doors of convents : it is under our free Constitution,' our happy Constitution,' arising out of a ' glorious Whig revolution,' and now happily administered by a body of Whigs ; it is here, under the shade of thie lovely tree, that men do not receive victuals at the doors of convents, but are left to gather it from the sea-beach and the hedges and ditches, while the food raised in the fields by their hands is sent away to be eaten in other lands : read this, Portuguese, Spaniards, and the rest, and you will be in wonderful haste to have a happy Constitution.' If the poor souls of Galway ever read the speech of proud Stanley, and heard him say that they were worthy of double attention from the Parliamentavhat must the poor souls think of the matter now, when they cannot get a handful of meal to boil with their nettles, though, at this very moment, a million and a quarter of pounds of oats come from Galway to London alone in one single day ! And is there no Member even in this new Parliament that will have the humanity and the courage and the justice to open hie lips for the purpose of relieving these poor creatures, and of removing from England this inde hble disgrace ? If there be not, we may well ex claim, ' What a picture of Parliament !' Ah, the labourers of England, simple as conceited scribblers imagine them, have their eye upon all this, and know well what is the warning that they should draw from it." It is really frightful to contemplate a country abounding in food, while the population is dying of famine. But Mr. Cobbett has not been very happy in his allusions to Portuguese and Spa-. niards and Sicilians, for though they hare no British Constitution, they have abundance of wretchedness and starvation. The Monks are the ascendanevmen of Spain and Portugal. They are fat ; but the people are not. We have now before us two volumes of " Travels in Spain in 1830," by Mr. Inglis, the writer who has acquired so much popularity under the assumed name of " Derwent Conway, and we find the following passage, vol. i. page 56, with reference to a village in the Sierra, forming the boundary between Old and New Castile : " It is quite impossible (he says) for one who has never seen the very lowest of the Spanish poor to form the smallest conception of the general appear ance of the inhabitants of this village. I saw be tween two or three hundred persons; and among these there was not one whose rags half covered his nakedness. Men and women were like bundles of ill-assorted shreds and patches of a hundred hues and sizes; and, as for the children, I saw several entirely naked, and many that might as well have been without those tattered coverings. I threw a few biscuits among the children ; and the eagerness with which they fought .for, and devoured them, re minded me rather of young wolves than of harnan beings. The badeess of the pavement, and the steepness of the street, made it necessary for the dil'gence to go slowly, and I pre fited by the delay, to look into one or two of the mise rable abodes of these unfortunate beings. I found a perfect unison between the dweller and his dwelling ; I could riot see one article of furniture ; no table, no chair; a few large stories supplied the place of the latter; for the former there was no occasion ; and something resembling a mattress, upon the mud-floor, was the bed of the family." But the priests are the boroughmongers of that country, and it is hardl y necessary to say that they who have the upper hand in any country take good care of themselves. " The first thing," says Mr. Inglis, " that attracted my attention, as being characteristic of Spain, was the great num ber of priests and members of different religious orders; anti at the same time it was impossible to avoid remarking the difference in the appearance of the Spanish clergy and the clergy of most of the other Catholic countries, especially of France. I saw no poor-looking half-starved priests, in thread bare garments and looks of humility ; all were well clothed, and seemingly well fed; they were not ashamed to hold up their heads, and ap peared, as the French say, d lour aise." Place irresponsible power in any hands, no matter whether boroughmongers or priests, we will an ' swer for it the effects will be the same—abun dance in one quarter, and starvation in another.— Morning Chronicle. Lord Thomas Cecil has !Tee so ill-advised as to bring the subject matter of the correspondence be tween him and Mr. Tennyson before a public meet. ing at Stamford, an account of which will be found in another column. " In all quarters," says his Lordship, " in which I have mentioned the nature of Mr. Tennyson's conduct, surprise equal to what I myself experienced has been manifested." Asinus asinum peat, says the adage. It is to be regretted that he has not the benefit of associating with those who have n little more common sense than himself. " When Mr. Teeny-on," he adds, " can assure his constituents that my family have invaded the rights of the people,' he cannot feel surprised if I take the insult as offered to myself ; and I need scarcely add, until he has afforded me some recornpence for the insults he has offered, all intercourse between me and Mr. Tennyson is at end," What importance Mr. Tennyson may attach to this eeeommunication, it is not for us to say ; but if a charge of invading the rights of the people is to be a valid ground of challeege, there is no use in discussing the Reform Bill. Every boroughmonger is accused of invading the rights of the people; and the tplestioh may be at once settled by each boroughmonger nominee call ing out an advocate of the Reform Bill. We by no means question the bravery of the boroughmongers; but we greatly question their honesty. They had better, however, carry matters more moderately. The English are a patient, good-natured people' ; but Lord Thomas Cecil, arid the crew to which he be- longs, must not presume too much on this.--illorti ing Chronicle. There are some writers who so advocate the cause of the Poles as if it were necessary to npoloa gise for the revolution which snapt the chains of their tyrant, and which they are now so gallantly endeavouring to consummate by their valour in the i field. If the Poles had retenioed in meek and sub missive degradation beneath the lash of the op pressor, like a Portuguese, a Spanish, or an Italian population, they would have needed an apologist. Bet we cannot ihnagina ho* ;lily person who knows any thing of the modern history of Europe, of which the wrongs and fate of Poland constitute so melancholy a part, can, for an instant, suppose it ne cessary to assure the people, of Englend, or of any other free country, that the Poles have not ih a mere wantonness of temper, or upon slight provocation, become revolutionists. If it was a righteous cause of resistance which induced the people of England to rise against James IL, or the people of France to overthrow the dynasty of Charles X., still more righteous was the sense of wrong which excited the Poles to dash from their necks the yoke of the northern barbarian, which was fastened upon them by the foulest combitiatiett of force and fraud of which history presents any example. A pamphlet on the " Affairs of Poland," by a Mr. Gore has lately issued from the press. It gives many ?acts in evidence of the violation of the treaty of Vienna by the Russian Government; but while vindicating the cause of Poland in her struggle, not merely for her national rights, but for her very existence, the writer undertakes the more difficult task of relieving the memory of Lord Castlereagh from the charge of having sacrificed Poland to the ascendancy of Mus covite influence in the councils of that Congress where the treaty in question was agreed to, and guaranteed by the Great Powers, who have never raised their voice against its violation. He trays Lord Castlereagh maintained the cause of Polish independence with a zeal worthy the representative of a free people, and enforced his views with no common energy and power. He declared it to be the wish of England to see some independent power established in Poland, as a separation between the three great empires of Europe. He says that Prince Talleyrand also expressed his desire " that a nation so worthy of regard for its antiquity, its valour, and its misfortune:, and the services which it had for. merly rendered to Europe, might be restored to complete independence." He adds," that the Courts of Austria and Prussia expressed themselves in si milar terms ; and Prince Metternich declared that Austria would sacrifice some of her own territory, if by so doing the freedom of Poland could be en sured." We ere then informed that these arguments had no weight with the Russian Emperor, who in sisted on the annexation of the Duchy of Warsaw to his empire: and to this the Allies reluctantly assented, but upon the express terms, to which Alexander agreed, that the new kingdom of Po land should have a Constitution and separate national institutions independent of Russia. Lord Castle reagh declared that, on those conditions only, his Royal Highness the Prince Regent would no longer have to fear that any danger to the liberty of Eu rope would result from the union of Poland to the Russian empire ; and in a letter which at this time the Emperor Alexander addressed to Count Os trowski, President of the Polish Senate, he used the following words :—" The kingdom of Poland shall be united to the empire of Russia by the bond of its own Constitution, on which 1 am desirous of founding the happiness of the country." Then comes the article of the treaty annexing the Duchy of Warsaw to Russia, in these terms :—" The Duchy of Warsaw, with the exception of those pro vinces and districts which are otherwise disposed of by the following articles, is united to Russia. It shall be irrevocsbly bound to the Russian em pire, by its Constitution, to be enjoyed by his Ma jesty the Emperor of All the Russias, his heirs and successors, for ever. " Here we have," says the author of the pamphlet, " the recorded opinions of three Statesmen who have not been accounted too fond of liberty, but whose talents, discernment, and acuteness none can question, that the affairs of Po land were matters of the highest importance, and that its independence would be highly conducive to the maintenance of general tranquillity." Here we have, we may add, the recorded fact of those three Statesmen, who contended that the com plete independence of Poland was required by Europe as a necessary check upon Russian ambition. Here we have the recorded fact of those very Statesmen becoming parties to a compact which united Poland to Russia, whose am bition they so much dreaded! If they did not foresee that Russia would only make Poland subservient to her own aggrandizement, and to her further designs upon the independence of European nations, what becomes of their acuteness and discernment? And if they did foresee it, what treacherous betrayers of the cause of Poland and of Europe they must have been ! What ! if Lord Castlereagh had been sin cere in wishing to raise a barrier against the am bitious views of the Autocrat, and that barrier was to be Poland, would he have placed Poland within his grasp, and made it part of his dominions, by the way of being a check upon him ? That would he like checking the depredations of a notorious thief, by placing a police-station close to his den, and giving the thief himself the command of it ! But there was a treaty—a treaty, indeed ! Was Russia liable to any penalty for the infraction of it ? If so, why is it not exacted ? The English Government--the Governments of France—of Austria—of Prussia, were parties to it and these Governments are still in existence; but the Constitution of Poland is not. Our author tells us that " scarcely was the wax cold with which the treaty had been sealed when it was broken in the most unscrupulous manner, and the plighted faith of the Emperor—the sanctity of sacred promises— and the guarantee of the Great Powers of Europe prove but weak and feeble barriers against the encroachments of ambition." This was the treaty by which the acute arid discerning, Castlereagh, as sisted by Talleyrand, Metternich, and the Prussian Minister, delivered up Poland to the sceptre of the Russian Autocrat—that Chief whose ambition they considered already dangerous to the repose of Europe ; as if he were; to become less dangerous by being rendered more powerful ; for, undoubtedly, the ac quisition of the new kingdom of Poland, even if he strictly observed the terms of the trea.y, would have put him in possession of greater resources than he had before. He thereby obtained the command of a nation of warriors far superior to any in his vast empire, a new source of revenue, and an advanced position in Europe, increasing his present influence, and favourable to future plans of aggression ; and all those advantages were to con stitute a check upon his ambition . 11' Russia would not have any objection to receive many such checks from tire Castlereaghs, the Metternichs, and Talley rands, of modern diplomacy, who may study to re press her power by giving her an accession of popu lation, revenue, and territory. If Alexander and Nicholas, instead of oppressing the Poles, and goad ing them into rebellion, had conciliated that brave people, they would have found them as faithful to their standard as they were to that of Napoleon; and then the Russian power would have become more formidable than ever. But we are gravely told that Castlereagh, and the representatives of the other Powers, reluctantly assented to the union of Poland with itussia, because the Autocrat insisted upon it. Where then was the " energy" and " zeal" with with which the representative of England maintained the interests of his country', then, confessedly, ;the first power in the world Was the Autocrat the Dictator of the Congress of Vienna as completely as if it were his own Cabinet? Upon this very statement we denounce the conduct of Lord Cas tlereagh as inSicerC towards Poland, or meanly sub servient with regard to Russia; and we are not sur prised that his pupil, Lord Palmerston, should, in Belgic liffairs, be equally solicitous to propitiate the genius of Russian policy.—Morning Herald. Having been among the firct to call the attention of the public and of the Go vernmt!nt to the ne cessity of providing against the introduction of the Indian cholera into this country, we feel that we shall sf we c t o i b fes e s s o e t r i; vi persuasion g the b er snos on es t t interests at o s yet no a de humanity le means have been resorted to for that purpose. As for meetings of the College of Physicians upon this occasion, greatly as we value the skill and talents of that erudite body in all matters in which they have had experience, cholera happily being one 'in which they have none, their opinion can be of no great we'ght, and we do not, therefore, wonder to find it stated that they have contented themselves with announcing it us their opinion, that the disease can be communic.ited from person to person, but not by means of merchandise; an opinion which, if true, is of little dr tici practical value, and, if erroneous on the latter point (which there is but too much reason to believe to be the case), may be productive of infinite mischief. The truth is, prevention and cure, though both equally valuable, are duties which must be assigned to a very dif ferent description of persons. 'The one belongs to the Government, the other to the doctors. The first of these is the main point, and the one to which, we think, nothing like sufficient attention has yet been paid. This may perhaps arise from the little experience we have happily had in such dan gers, as well as from the freedom of our institutions, which seem inconsistent with the arbitrary exercise of authority which it called for in such cases. When we hear, for instance, of vessels coming from in fected ports being enabled to pass the quarantine station in the night, and boldly sail up into the heart of the metropolis unexamined, surely something more must be wanted for our security than what has been yet resorted to; and however inconvenient the restraints upon commercial and social intercourse ' may be, not a day, not an hour, should be lost in establishing an ample coast-guard at the mouths of all rivers and harbours where the most remote possi bility exists of the plague entering. And as for the College of Physicians, or medical men in general, the best thing probably they can do for the country is, that a sufficient number of them should be de spatched to acquire on the spot a knowledge of the nature and cure of the disease, with an ample re muneration secured to them in proportion to the hazard to which they will be exposed.—Morning Herald. A Morning Cotemporary, the organ of the Anti- Reform faction, in an article of equal heat and fury, after having solved to its own satisfaction the ques tion " which," it says, meets it in every quarter, and which forms the leading topic of conversation and argument in every society and in every corner of the land,"—namely, that the Peers will reject the Reform Bill, " because averse to any great change in the institutions of the country, the pre sentation of the Bill would amount to nothing less than a direct insult to the House of Peers"—after having settled these points, we say, the Anti- Reform Journal in question proceeds to advise their Lordships "to put an end at once to the pos sibility of misapprehension or mistake as to their sentiments, by declaring, in their address to the King, at the commencement of the Session, that they hold any change of this description (a Reform in Parliament) to be unnecessary ; dangerous, and pernicious." Whether their Lord ships will adopt the advice of our cotemporary or not, we do not know, though we are aware that they are making every effort to make up a party for the purpose ; but we think no one, who is in the slightest degree acquainted with the temper of the times in which we live—with the state, and political feeling, of the middle and work ing classes of the population—and especially with the immense majority of representatives returned to the present Parliament by the people, not only pledged to Reform, but determined on carrying Reform—can consider the above advice in any other light than" dangerous and pernicious"—calcu lated to embroil the two Houses of Parliament—to endanger the future existence of the one, and to shake to its foundations the very throne, respecting the stability of which the Anti-Reform party pre tend to have so many fears. The advice, in fact, could not be acted upon—supposing it to be good —in the present temper and state of the country, without giving rise to the agitation of questions which we have no wish either to discuss or to see discussed; for were the House of Lords either to move such an amendment to the Address as that proposed, or to reject the Bill as it came fro:n the Commons, people the least inclined to violent changes, would, we suspect, be apt to question the right of the Peers to meddle in the matter at all, and to conclude that a Bill which directly concerns the King and the people only might be safely enough settled by them, without the intervention of third parties, who, by the law of tlite land, are declared to be guilty of a misdemeanour in anv attempt or endeavour to influence the election of Members of the House of Commons. A slight cogitation, we think, on the possibility of such con sequences, would do no harm either to those who advise such proceedings as those recommended by our cotemporary, or to those who think of adopt ing and acting on the recommeudat►on.—illortiing Advertiser. The Paris Papers of the 16th instant inform us of the renewal of disturbances in that city and other parts of France, obviously preparatory to the grand effort, at another revolution (far better than the last) on the occasion of the celebration of the "glorious" events of July, 1830—events which have plunged that devoted country into a state of almost general anarchy, frightful misery, and universal distress. From such a deplorable state of things the wise men now at the head of affairs feel their utter inca pability of relieving the nation; and as they cannot restore the lost comforts, they seem disposed to gra tify the furious passions of the people, by seek ing a pretence for war. In pursuance of this object, they affect to have discovered something in a St. Petersburgh Paper reflecting on the con duct of the Government of France, and have there fore peretnptolily demanded an explanation, which appears for the present to have in some degree pro pitiated the evil spirits of France, while it has added to the commercial embarrassments of the country and depreciated the value of all public securities. Of the precise nature of the complained of article in the St. Petersburgh Paper we are not informed, but as far as we are able to judge of it from the mention already made, it amounts to nothing more than an assertion of an obvious truth, that there are at this time numerous French emissaries in Russia, encou raging the spirit of insurrection in the several pro vinces bordering upon Poland, without the most distant insinuation of the incendiaries alluded to being employed by the Government of France.— Morning Post. MARKET INTELLIGENCE. LONDON MARKETS. (From the London New Price Current of Tuesday.) Sea/Ins-The market has been well supplied with new Museovades, but there is no progress made in the sales; the estimated purchases for the week 2,800 Ithds. and trs., at prices still a shade lower; brown Jamaica 455. a 469., St. Lucia brown 445. In refined goods there is little doing, the prices are pretty well supported. There has been scarcely any business doing this (lay in tke shipping descriptions of Lumps, only a few offers being made, and prices are full 6d. lower, small parcels of low Lumps hav ing been sold even under the present quotations ; of the fire descriptions also, entitled to the same duty as double refined, only a few small parcels have been sold, crashed, at 345. 6d. a 355., consequently those qualities are rather more plentiful ; prices, however, are about the same ; for the low and mid. descriptions of crashed there has se truly been any inquiry, although purchases could readily be made at the present reduced quotations. FOREIGN SUGARS.-There have been no sales of Ha vannali Sugars ; Brazil descriptions are Is. a 2s. lower ; 52 packages low to mid. white Pernams sold 245. a 255. ; 57 chests Bahia sold, grey white 249., brown 15s. 6d. a 17s. ; low broxn Pernams sell 12s. 6d. a 16s. This day 100 barrels Brazil 3luscovades 165., all taken in ; the Havannah Sugar this day 651 chests, lying at Dover, were damaged, and form no criterion of Market prices. EAST INDIA SUGARS.-About 9,500 bags Mauritius have been sold since this day week ; on Tuesday the prices declined Is., but the market since has been more animated; Java Sugar ls. lower, 307 baskets sold, grey yellow to low white 21s. a 245. ; Manilla Sugars are inquired after, but no actual sales are reported. COFFEE.-The prices of Jamaica Coffee gave way 2s. on Tuesday, but there has been since much briskness, and the market has not only fully recovered the depression, but in some instances is a shade higher; some coloury Brazil by private contract sold at 415., the inquiry after East India has been general, and several parcels have changed hands. St. Domingo 40s. This day 102 bags British Plantation Coffee sold again at lower prices, particularly the ord. mid. 535. a 575. ; 281 bales Mocha soh' at fair prices, about 635. Etiat, BRANDY, AND HoLLANns.-The Rum market continues in a depressed state ; the only sales of any con sequence are large parcels of particular marks for home consumption, the particulars of which have nut transpired. Brandy and Geneva are without variation. liratr, FLAX, AND TaLLow.-The holders of Russian produce are nut pressing sales fur the present, they antici pate much higher prices on account of the ravages of the cholera morbus, the consequent strict quarantine, and the probability of great impediments, if not the actual stoppage of the intercourse with Russia. Tallow has advanced to 40s. 6d. Hemp, Flax, and other Russian articles are also held for much higher prices. TEA.--The Private Trade Teas went off at moderate rates. Congous, Is. 1 lid. a 2s. ; Ditto in boxes, 2s. 21d. a 2s. 2d. ; C impoi, 2s. 34d. a 2s. Sid. ; Pekoe, 3s. lid . a 4s. 3d. ; Orange ditto, 2s. 114 d. a 2s. llid., and a great many of these refused--The Tea Sale finished yes terday :-Boheas sold lid. to 2d. under last sale ; Con gous id. to Id. ; Twankays A-d. to Id., and Hyson, to Id. Ou.s.-Olive Oil is 21. to 41. higher ; Linseed is also at an improvement, and there is a general advance on all other descriptions of Oil. COCIIINEAL.-13y public sale 69 bags Cochineal were offered, but nearly the whole was taken in. FRUIT.-There is little alteration in the Fruit Market ; some Zante Currants have been sold at 685. COTTON. -Tl , e Cotton Market con tinues steady. The ordinary to good, good fair, 4d. a 4-id. ; 350 Surat, very ad. 150 Id. a sd. ; 100 Madras, fair to good, 4-id. a 4, , • ; purchases for the week are-190 Bengal, very ordinary to fair 7id. a 7 1 11 . quantity added Bowed,iNu ; 580 ernarns, declarations for next sale. The Market co or . din f ar h y er t e o gisooollfyaira, this week to •Lhesl. vary a small d . is without variation. Particulars and estimate of the Corn an 's Indigo to be offe :-133 ordinary and middling cponsyumers, 2s. 9d. a 3 s. 6d. ; 923 good consumers to middling 'hippo's, 3s. 9d. a 6d. ;6o middling to good ditto, 4s. 6d. a ss. 3d. ; 93 good to line ditto, is. 3d. to Gs. 3d. ; 43 very fine ditto, 3d. a 7s. TOBACCO.—There . are several buyers at market, but no purchases to any extent are at present reported. At S late hour to-day some sales for Flanders are reported, very ordinary Kentucky 2id. a 2 d., I,nd fair Sid. a 314. Rice.—This day 452 bags Brazil Rice offered, Out all taken in 13s. and 13s. 6d. Srices.—Pepper is a shade lower ; Pimiento it at a decline of d. a id., good quality, 40. and 4id. This day's sale 90 bags Pimento sold at the reduction wt have stated ; good quality . 40. a 411 SALTPETRE.—By public sale this day 595 bags kadrat sold 355. 6cl. a 38s, 6d., which is rather higher, Cocoa.—This day 1,531 bags Brazil Cocoa at piblic side, all withdrawn at les. 6 , 1. and 19s. ; 79 jacks Trinidad, 30s. a 365. EAST INDIA SALE, TIIIS DAY.-9,901 bags Rnga) Sugar, low to good white sound, sold 21s. a 245.61., which is a decline of 2s. a 2s. 6d. per cwt. ; I,3sobags Bengal Rice, good white Bengal 13s. 6d. and 145., "bleb a Gd. lower. Coffee too inconsideral le for enutneraion, PRICE OF SUGAR. The average price of Brown or Muscovado Sugar, conputed from the Returns made in the week ending June 14, is 245.5%d. per cwt., exclusive of the duties of customs paid orpayable tlereon On the importation thereof into Great Britain. PRICES OF HOPS.—June 17. srKlli€::::etici ;sex D it t o tk l te ) o i t tHo. Fin el .71 Os. St. O,.tA 111. O. ft. (is. 61. 15i. to 71. Os. .. 71. O. 8/. O. to 91. 1.9. 0/. Os. 121. Os. to 151. Os. .........—___ Seconds ....—..,...... 01. Os. tit. Os to 91. )s. Lent gags_ _ .. 3!. Os. 61. 6s. to 8/. 3,. Sussex Ditto Essex Ditt0.........« O/. oi. 71. Os. to 71. D.., Duty laid at 13.),000/. PRICE OF OIL. Wipe Oil, brown 331. Os. Refined Linseed Oil - 2'2 0 Linseed Oil Cake at the Mill, per thousand 1010 !tape Cake, per ton G 0 PRICE OF POTATOES.—June 17. Kidneys -- Scotch Reds Marsh Champions Oxnobles and Shows 0/. Os. to 41. Os. per ton. :r3/. ss. to 3/. 15s. ditto. 01. o.i. to 4/. 10s. ditto. 31. ss. to 31. 10s. ditto. WHITECIIAPEL HAY MARKET.—June 16. Hay 50s. Od. to SOs. Oct. I Clover —55 , . Od. to Iles. NI. 32z. Od. to 365. Od. RAW HIDES. Per Stone. s. A. to s. d. Per Stone. s. d. to t.d. Rest Heifers & Steers 2 4 '2 6 Ordinary .—..—............. 18 2. 0 Middlings— —2 2 2 4 Market Ca1f..—....—.... 6 6 eacl- SHEEP SKINS. Long Wool —O.. Od. to Os. Od. I Short Wool—. 3s. ed. to 55.,6d. Larobs—.».... Is. 0.1. to 2s. 3d. PRICES OF LEATHER, Pcr lb. d. to d. Cutts 50 to %1b... 15 21 to f161b..... 15 23 Dressing 14 Ifi Fine Coach Hides i 7 10 Crop [tides, 33 to 401 h. 194 13; Ditto to 451 b 14 15. F Ditto 13 1f Per lb. d. tod. Tanned Horse Hides,, 15 17 Spanish Ditto 19 23 l'er dozen. Calf :16 to 40111. 16 .?() Ditto 50 to 70th. 21 :14 Ditto to 80th. 19 21 Small Seals, Greenland 21 PRICE OF RAW F. Prica of Tallow (as stated by tlic 'AT, per stone of 81b. Tallow 111 elters)--..-2s. 314 PRICE OF TALLOW` Town 'fallow 425. Od. Yellow 40s. 11d. White 41s. Od, Soap I)itto, _ 398. Od. Melted Stuff' Unto Hough 20s. Od. PRICE OF The price of Store Candles, in tl Candles, per doz. is. (kl. to S. Oki. COAL AlAlt 30s. Od 30 3 31 0 ------- 27 6 ------- 26 6 Holy well Kenton West Killingworth l'autield -- Townley %Vtlam 28 6 Walls End Brown's— 20 0 Ditto Heaton,... —.. 31 6 Wall 4 End I lotspur— 31 0 Ditto Northumberland :30 6 Ditto Perkins and Co.— 31 0 , slops at market, 30M COUNTRY CO N 51ARKI.: Per Quarter. Ashburn--..,... Ba,ingstoke Bah 72 82 56 75 50 74 58 72 t;0 76 72 '76 72 73 66 70 60 76 57 70 GO 80 48 68 50 75 Briggcwater Bristol Chesterfield —....—. Derby Deviies Doncaster porellester---„*„. Exeter Gloucester*. H u ngerford Nevi bury llumsey Shaftesbury Shelton Mallet Sherborne Taunton* 48 76 56 68 64 7.2 60 6S 58 72 60 68 $. (I. s.(l. 40 9 11 4 Yeovil Per BusheL Shrewsbury Wheat. 1 Barley. Oats. 41. 47 39 42 34 44 3)li 33 42 30 33 30 43 22 32 at 40 37 41 30 42 35 45 44 31.1 3°. 2 ; 32 33 33 36 44 32 40 35 3(5 38 s. d. s. d. 66 79 26 34 PA 30 23 32 22 26 22 23 26 32 32 34 26 33 24 33 23 28 24 32 25 31 21 32 .I , ;l'.—June 17. Walls End Ridddl's«— 31s. Od• Lambton Primrose.... 30 9 Russell's Lyon's 31 3 Walls End Hettou S 3 0 Was End Stewart's 33 0 W. E. Rnssell'slietton 33 Et Soughton----- 25 0 Wattle's Llanelly 28 0 Walls End Henderson 24 0 I'ontop Trader 24 9 Walls End Tees Nut— 21 0 Old Etherley 20 0 tps sold, 22 1 4—Unsolo, 8. • • 'IS DURING THE WEEK. Beans. 40 4N 8 315 36 4t 46 al 43 45 4e 43 28 46 40 45 44 W 33 4.6 40 4.5 36 45 33 -.- 38 40 a. d. s. d• 00 00 21 34 21 25 2.5 22 2ti 24 23 S. d. B. d. 60 71 REPORT OF A REVOLUTION IN ST. SAL" `A DO R. —We barn from the Norfolk Beacon, that Lieut. JONES, of the cutter Crawford, boarded on the evening of the 14th inst. the brig Consul, of Alexandria, 31 days from from St. Salvador, for Alexandria, the captain of which informed Lieut. WILSON, the bearding officer, that a few days previous to his sailing, a general revolution had taken place in the country, but did not give him the particulars. The captain had but one newspaper on board, which he could not spare.—American Paper. ALLEGED MURDER AT SEA.—A long en quiry took place yesterday at the Thames Police-office, re specting the death of TnoraAs ELLIOTT, a seaman, who was alleged to have been murdered on board one of the Honourable Company's ships, in January, 1525, by being confined in a small spirit room on the orlop deck, where he was suffocated for want of air, the third and fourth officers, who ordered him in irons, forbidding any one to assist him. Mr. Busst:Lr, the keeper of the Pavilion Theatre saloon, with whom the inquiry originated, still adhered to his statement, that the deceased had died from exhaustion, by being confined. A number of witnesses were examined, who hardly recollected the circumstances, and they were not of that opinion. The surgeon thought the deceased had died from apoplexy, caused by excessive drinking. The Magistrates not, however, being satisfied, the investigation was adjourned. HORRID MURDER.—On Thursday night, the 21st ult., JOSIAH RANDALL, of Frankland (Vermont) , killed his wife and a son about 14 years of age. RANDALL comnDneed the work of death by attacking his wife's mother (who was at his house taking care of his wife, then recovering from a fit of sickness) with a large knife, observing to her that he would kill her. The old lady received a slight wound in the arm, but succeeded in es' raping from the house, when he immediately, with the - ferocity of a demon, attacked his wife, who was in bed in the room with an infant child, and gave her a mortal wound in the neck ; but by the interference of his daughter, about 12 years of age, the mother fled to another room. He then attempted to cut the throatof his little daughter; she resisted , and prevented the fatal effects of the knife by holding her hands around her neck: her hands were sadly cut, and a se' vere wound on both sides of her neck. fie then attacked his son, who had come to the assistance of his little sister, and killed him. The girl, with the utmost presence of min', went to another room where two younger children were sleeping, and escaped with them to the garden, where are hid them in the currant bushes, covering them over with a blanket, in which situation they remained undiscovered and unhurt, and, notwithstanding her severe wounds, she again entered the house, took the infant, and then fled t O the neighbours and gave the alarm. The neighbours immediately repaired to the house, where they beheld a most shocking and heart-rending spectacle—RANDALL wad seated by the fire, his son's head severed from his body, and burning upon the coals—the body of his wife was lying on the hearth, and her clothes on fire. RANDA LE, was immediately arrested and committed to prison at St. Albans. He has heretofore been known at times to have been par tially deranged, and these deeds of darkness are attributed to a fit of insanity.—Burlington (N. A ) Sentinel. BIRTHS. On the 16th inst. at Hammersmith, the lady of Captain Bathict of a daughter. On the 12th inst. at Battersea, the lady of J. S. Lefevre, Esq•r of a son. On the 15th inst. in Upper Brook-street, Lady Emily Puseyr of a (laughter. On the 16th inst. at Camberwell, Mrs. B. Godsell, o f a daughter. MARRIED. On the 16th inst. at Chelsea, J. Barstow,_ Esq., of Aeoniby near York, to El izabeth, eld est daughter of the late T. Fawcett , Esq., of Askham Bryan, Yorkshire. On the 14th inst. at Alnwiek, W. Charleton, Esq. of London', to Anna Isabella, daughter of the late E. Charleton, Esq., o f Lee-hall, Northumberland. DIED. On the 15th inst. at Clifton, Eliza the wife of Lieut.-Genera l Sir Hussey Vivian, Bart. , On the 16th inst. at Shirehampton, Julia Mary Babingtono aged 13, daughter of T. G. Pabington, Esq. On the 15th in s t. i n Gloucester-place, Robert, fifth son of 11. Massy Daws,n, Esq. On the 16th i ns t . at his house the Sir Isaac Newton, Union . street, Middl esex H ospital, through accident, M r . Ch ar l es W oo di n , age d 51. At Ruislip, M rs. Truesdale aged 87. II On the 16th inst. . J. M. Plats, son of Mr. Platts, of the. Crescent, Jewin-creseent. aft ' er , a short but painful On the 14th inst. at Haling-grove, near Croydon, Mary Judith , the youngest slaughter of Mr. It. Wood, of Red Lion-square. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY MURDO YOUNG, AT 11 01 SUN OFFICE, 112, STRAND, LONDON. ', SOAP, &c. per 112th. Yellow 74g. Gel. 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