The Sun. — London, England, 1864-08-23 00:00:00

TFIROWING DIRT. See the " Comet." THE LONDON DAILY PRESS. See the "Comet." THE TWO CAMELS. See the Comet." PLACES OF PUBLIC ENTERTAINMENT , See the "Comet." TIIE COMMISSIONAIRES AND THEIR CAPTAIN. See the " Comet." CRUELTIES OF THE NEW CLOSING ACT. See the " Comet." 111 - R. WOOLLEY'S REVENGE. "Comet" Sae the T" "COMET." New Monthly Journal , 2 i. No. I. on Sept. 1. Publi bed by Allen, 20, Wa• wick- Paternoster-row, and to be hAd of all booksellers. MIL ALFRED MELLON'S CONCERTS EVER C EVENING, at light. ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA HOUSE, COVENT-GARD EN. THIS EVENING (Tuesday), Mdlle. C. Patti, )Idlle. Krebs ; Mr. Levy, Mr. R. S. Pratten, Mr. 1., z aru l , Mr. Patey, Mr. J. Winterbottoin, and Ali Ben Sou-alle. BAND OF ONE HUNDRED FERFOR3IERS. Operatic selection, " Don Giovanni," .tc. On Thursday next, Ang. 25, a BEETHOVEN NIGHT. On Friday neat, a Selection from Stabat Mater. On Saturday next, a Grand VOLUNTEER NIGHT. First j'erformance ut the " Faust" Selection this season. Conductor, Mr. ALFRED MELLON. £ Promenade, Amphitheatre Stall s, and Amphitheatre, O n e Shilling; Dress Circle, 2s. id. ; Private Boxes, 1 is. and Eta. ed. The Box Office is open from 10 till 5. ROYAL P TUN CESS'S THEATRE.—• THIS EVENING , Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining. BORN TO GOC/D LUCK. Paddy D'ltafferty, Mr. Dominick Murray, After which, THE bTjtEETS OF LONDON. Messrs. J. g a y, D.. 11 her, D. Murray, J. Nelson, H. Fori-e.ter. H. Mellon ; Mrs. Henry Maiston, Miss Emma Y Gwynne. Barnett, and Mis s FAnn NE W THE YAL, ADELPIII. b olo Proprutor and Manager. Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, MY WIFE'S MAID. lessrs. J, L. Toole, Y. Bedford, It. Phillips, and Mr Alfred Mellon. After wbicb, MASKS AN 0 FACES. Messrs. B. Webster, Bedford, It. Phillips, Billington, Stuart; Mrs. stirling, Billington. and aliss 11. Simms. To conclude with THE ACTOR'S RETREAT. Messrs. J. L. Too.e, Y. Bed,ord, rhildi.s, and .11iss Woolg,r. Commence at 7. .ATEW BOWER OPERE rFA HOUSE._ Senora Georgi Cardinal, the eminent Spanish Come utenne, in Smyth Lee's new and eminently successful Come die.tta, HER ONLY FAILL'G; together with CYItION AND IPMGENIA, ICED CHAMPAGNE, and THE KISS AND THE ROSE, will be repeatA:l EVERY VEINING. 1 - 1 1 MSS AD N .j -J•• respectfully call attention to N S O their large and well assorted stock of JUVENILE CLOTHING. The newest faorics are combined with the latest and most fashionable eesigns, and the best workmanship. E. MOSES and SON give particular attention to this important branch of their business, and they can with confidence affirm that the prices ix such as must satisfy the most economical. Tnis depart ment is in a oistinct part of the premises, which will be luund a gre convoaionce for ladies and children, 10 MOSES AND SON • respectfully invite public attention to their large and well-assorted Str3l3llitt 6TOCK. - E1 MOSES AND SON'S • "SANDRINGHAM" WRAPPER ALLtroduced by them) is the newest and most fashionib:e style of Overcoats for the season. MOSES AND SON'S • READY-MADE and BESPOKE CLOTHING fbr all classes and all ages. EMSES AND SO' • CEL BIATED "INDISPENSABLE" SUIT, S from 30s. "..p MOSES AND SON'S ILA• HOSIERY and DRAPERY, !or all classes and all ages. EMOSES AND SON'S • HATS AND CAPS, fur all c asses and all ages. EMOSES AND SON'S • BOOTS and SHOES, for all classes and all ages. EM• OSES AND SON'S • OUTFI I'S, for all classes, all ages, and all climates. :V MOSES AND SON'S irA• LONDON HOUSES, 155, 15m, 157, Minories; 83, 85, 85, 86, 87, 88. 89, Aldgate ; 506, 507. 508, New Oxford--street; 1,2, 3, Hart-street; 137, 138, Tottenham-court-road ; 288, Euston-road EMOSE S AND SON'S • COUNTRY ESTABLISHMENT, Bridge-street, Bradford, Yorkshire. El • MOSES AND SON'S • Establishments ate closed every Friday evening at subset until aaturday evening at sunset, when business is re sumed until li o'clock. A.l articles ar.2. marked the lowest prices in plain figures. Any article not apprived of will be exchanged, or the money re' urned. y List of Prices with Rules for Self-measurement, Fashion Card, and our new pamphlet, "The Tercentenary; or, The Three llunaredth tsiithaay of William Shairspeare," gratis P.nd post free. y 11 0 AL b. lie Lli.LF ♦ cotl Direct from theil tiAL L COMPANY'S r own Collieries. Marquis'.......23s. per ton. I Double ... 20s. per ton. Top 225. „ Deep 2ls. „ Well screened and delivered within five miles of their De pots, Westbourne Park-road, IV., and 17, 6outh Wharf, Paddington, W.. and Maiden-lane, N. Best Coke Terms cash. JOHN SCOTT, Sole L'zzat. EiE THIRD EDITION OF "THE SUN," Containing the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, oen be had Every Evening of G. R. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Ilyde-park. THE LATEST EDITION of "THE SUN' supplied, as soon as published every Evening by HENRY BROOKS, Newspaper Agent, 24, Old Cavendish street, W. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.— Morning, 6h. 2m.—Afternoon, 6h. 24n2. u-moasow.-Morning, 6'.. 50in.—Afternoon, 7h. 12m. II i • , 1 . ;:, - - .: ' 1 - , lA" ' n' - 7 .. : ' 14410 N-•# ... 11Z. C: - ; 7 .. , :. 1 orv,lllt It --' .. LONDON, TUESDAY, AUGUST 23, 1864. " Save me from my friends !" may well be the exclamation of any leader whose followers are irri tated into throwing off their allegiance and telling the secrets of the prison -house. In no case, how. ever, have the chiefs more reason to dread such plain speaking than in the present position of the so-called Liberal party, and the:lettei*which Mr. JassES AYTOUN h s recsnt;y adearessed to GEORGE WILSON, Esq., of Manchester, deals such trenchant blows at the hollowness and inconsistency of the specious professions of Whiggistu,•that it mast re quire a good deal of stoic philosophy to " rest and be thankful" under them. Mr JAMES AYTOUN having been invited to accept the office of Vice- President of the National Reform Union, whose headquarters are at 7slanchester, and which may be reasonably supposed to be considerably under the influence of Mr. BRIGHT and his associates, ad dresses the gentleman who has been selected as President of that Association, in explanation of his reaaons for declining the proposed honour. As an old Reformer, having been chairman of the Edin burgh Political Union of 183031, he is qualified to speak with some authority, and since he professes his adherence to the political code of the National Reform Union, which sets before its members the same objects as those proposed by the first Earl of Dc axiAls, the loudest professor dares not deny his liber alism. Household Suffrage, Triennial Parlias ments, and the are as far as most Reformers go now-a- aa's's ; nor is there much doubt that these three measures contain the outline of lasting and ex tensive Reform, not that mere apparent alteration, w hich serves to p o i nt morals and bring perorations to a climax on the hu st i ngs; but that substantial change for the better in the administration of our na tional affairs, which should PrAnce a materi a l influence on tho well-being of tb a whole community, Mr. AYTOUN declares his political c reed to be un changed, but,he declines to enrol himself among the members of a body professing the very sar aeprinciples because he has seen reason to distrust the perform ances of professing Liberals, more especially of that section which ack no wledges iVr BRIGHT as th e i r leader and representative. Mr AYTOUN asserts that all Reform schemes have been merely designed to * Real Reform and Shaw Reform, a letter to George 'Wilson, Req., of Diancheeter, by James Aytoun, E:q. HaNwioke, sere " party interests and electioneering purposes," and even the redoubtable Reform Bill itself was, he cons iders, an incomplete measure adopted by the Whigs, in order to secure a long lease of office to themselves and political discomfiture to their rivals. In this, if such was their object, they have un doubtedly succeeded. The Whigs have held a long, almost an undisputed, possession of political power since that day, and when real Liberals look for the results they are mortified and ashamed of their leaders. The truth is told in Mr AYTOITN'S search ing phrases, when he declares that neither party are sincere in a desire for Reform, and that the i n d e pendent Liberals are as bad as either, since they will not exercise the influence which has fallen to their share by refuting to support any Ministry who does not pledge itself distinctly on the question of Reform. If the Ballot members of the Henze of Commons were, says Mr AYTOUN, distinctly to in form the Government that they would only support them in consideration of their making the Ballot a Cabinet question, stnd that if they declined to do so they must forfeit the assistance of the 150 or 200 members who advocate the Ballot, in all those mis cellaneous party encounters which so often affect the fate of a Government, the Whigs would be forced to adopt the Ballot or any other Reform brought before them in the same way. But this bold, straightforward course is never adopted by Mr BERKELEY and his followers. Nay more, on the occasion of the last general election, when Lord JOHN, the present Earl RUSSELL, was canvassing the City of London, and ingeniously concealing his " Rest and be thankful" opinions, the Ballot Society issued a recommendation to the electors to waive their principles on this occasion, and to support Lord RUSSELL Against the Tories. Does Mr AYTOUN give the real eeplanatioa of this when he says— " The great majority of the members who vote for the Ballot do so against the grain, because they are obliged. The Whig Government, knowing this, takes care to accommodate them by making the Ballot an open question ; thus allowing the Ballot men to accept place and emolument under a Cabiaet directly opposed to that great reform which they have been principally pledged to support." This is plain specking, end language which is not likely to be popular, but it carries its moral never theless. As for the party cry of supporting a Libe ral merely because he calls himself a Liberal with out any regard to his actual conduct, Mr AYTOUN declines any such unreasoning prejudices. He aegues, as we have always upheld, that " measures not men" must be the motto, if any real good is to be effected, and contends that more has been done by Tories than by Whigs to amend our institutions since 1631. He cites, in support of this assertion, the repeal of the Corn-laws, the emancipation of the Jews, and the abolition of the property duty, all obtained under Conservative auspices. And yet, he says, when two men appear together on a hustings, the electors are told to support the one who calls himself a Whig, regard less of his character, conduct, and abilities. Of Mr. BRIGHT'S conduct at the time of Lord DERBY'S Reform Bill he speaks strongly. A really sincere reformer would have suffered the bill to go into committee, there to be amended, instead of bring ing in a Whig Government unpledged and untram melled, save with the condition of including some representative of the Manchester school. The rea form question is at a low ebb, but that, says the critic, is the fault of its so-called advocates, At any rate, the public have now heard some plain speaking, and it is their own fault if they are not a little more on their guard at the next election. The labours of the committee appointed to deter naiee the practicability of protecting ships against the impact of shot and shell have been brought to a conclusion. After protracted and expensive ex periments the guns have proved triumphant. It is admitted that it is impossible to construct a ship which shall be proof against heavy artillery at that range, The Lord Warden target, which has been recently returned to Chatham Dockyard after being experimented upon at Shoeburyness, is completely riddled. Out of eleven shots which struck one plate eight penetrated it, passing completely through flee target. There are, according to the report, upwards of one thousand tons of these plates at Caatham ready to be bolted to the sides of the Lord Warden and the Bellerophon, and the question now naturally suggests itself to those who take the trouble to consider the matter, whether it would neat have been batter to experiment upon the tar gets before constructing the ships. As it is, the constructor of the navy, with no doubt the best in tentions and every hope of success, has introduced certain alterations in the structure of ships of war. He has the confidence of the Board of Admiralty, and no doubt at a time when everything appertain ing to naval matters is in a state of transition great latitude must be allowed to those in authority. At the same time, when so much money is being ex pended on the contest between armour-plates and heavy artillery, it would be well to look before we leap. The Ordnance Select Committee, for fear that our ships should be furnished with any bat the best possible rifled gun, has provided them with none at all. We have thus the two extremes. Our ships are constructed upon the most approved principles, the armour plating is of the best iron, and the engines are manufactured by the best en. gineers in the world. Yet for actual warfare our navy is useless, unless by good fortune the enemy will permit our seamen to board him. The armour plating is not proof against guns such as the French, Russians, or Americans bring to bear upon it. Our old smoothbore sixty-eighths would not penetrate the aides of La Gloire even at close quarters, unless served with steel shot, an article unknown in our service, except at Shoeburyness; and although the Bellerophon is said to be superior as a ram to any ship yet constructed, it is more than doubtful whether she will be able to overtake a hostile frigate, preparatory to running her down. It is a peculiarity in Mr. REEDS plan of construction that his ships shall not sail fast. Whether it is his patriotic determination that his ships shall not run away from an enemy, or a humane wish that the - ,, shall not destroy him, we shall not decide, be." ( eer. tain it is that he has contrived to provide recently constructed ships with the minimum all his Amum horse power compatible with their tannage. Since the first introduction of armour dating various schemes have been promulgated t o render ships invulnerable, some practicable, 'out many more impossible. A correspondent of a contemporary gravely suggests th'et armour-plated ships should be encesed in a alien of timber, in oth©r words "chat a wooden ship should be built around the iron one, which, he remarks, would prove a great protection to the iron one against shot. We do not expect the Board of Admiralty to take cog. nisanco of suggestions such as these, but we do think that they ought to take advantage of all available means of offence and defence. The success of our artillery engineers has rendered iron plating Come paratively useless for the navy, at least as far as experiments are to be trusted ; but it is a very different thing to hit a target fixed at a known diss tance, and to strike a ship in a seaway between wind and w a t er . If i t b a impassible to keep out the enemy's shot, then the best thing to be done is to board him, or else to get cut of range; in either case a Superiority in speed is ,necessary, as THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 23, 1864. the sooner the engines of many of our steam frigates are overhauled the better. If we cannot keep out the shot of the enemy, at least let it not be said that we cannot penetrate his defences ; and lastly, if it be impossible for a ship to carry armour plates sufficiently thick to protect her entire broadside, why not carry a belt round the water-line, which is in reality the vital part of a ship, and let the upper parts take their chance. We are continually reading of the wonderful improvements being made in one or other of the dockyards ; now it is that extra hands ere employed day and night at Ports mouth to bring forward the Dido for commission, then there are a hundred hands have been dis charged from Chatham. All this is orthodox, no doubt; but we confess that, we would rather have a few fast ships and heavy guns, than fine words and empty promises. LITERATURE. RECENT TRAVELS. life in Java ; with Sketches of the Javanese. By William Barrington d'Almeida. Two vola. Hurst and Blackett. In these volumes we are favoured with a very interesting glimpse of a comparatively unknown people. Books on Java have before now occasionally appeared, but, as Mr d'Almeida observes in his pre face they have left upon the reader's mind no satisfactory impression. A similar remark cannot certainly be applied to his own productions. The picture he has given us of Java, the description of the manners and customs of the Javanese people, and the abundant anecdotes and incidents with which his history is enlivened all combine to render the work singularly attractive, while the style in which it is written is at once animated and inte resting. The Javanese natives, it appears, are held in strict subjugation by their Dutch rulers, and these latter seem to have learned the art of enjoying themselves in a sufficiently luxurious fashion. Here is a description of a day at Batavia—a companion picture and contrast to the celebrated Podsnap By stem of—" getting up at eight, shaving close at a quarter past, breakfasting at nine, going to the city at ten, coming home at half-past five, sr. (/ ' dining at seven." THE DUTCII, - .4AIN IN JAVA, He rises generally 9 1 ; 5 a.m., lights Ids cigar, and then Rallies forth to talr.e his stroll, cr, as the natives term it, ntakan angin, sivaifying, literally, to eat the wind. About seven he rer.ans to partake of a collation of eggs and cold meat, attar which he drinks his tea or coffee, and smokes again, He then takes his bath, throwing buckets of water over his head, after the manner adopted by all who reside in Eastern climes. After the enjoyment of this necessary luxury, he puts on his day suit, always of light texture on account of the heat, and generally white, and entering his carriage, is driven to his kantor, or house of business. If he is a wealthy citizen, he probably returns home at 12, at which hour the breakfast—as it is termed, though at mid day—awaits him, consisting of all kinds of Eastern deli cacies, rice, curry, and endless samba's, or small piquant side dishes. After this heavy meal, Morpheus waves his wand over Batavia, and all his votaries who can spare the time, retire to digest their food in a siesta of from two to three hours' duration. Rising from this sleep, the first cry is Spada —a con• traction for Sapa ads, " Who is there r --which is imme diately followed by Api—"light"—a demand promptly attended to by some boy, who, prepared for the summons, quickly appears with a cigar -box, containing 600 or more Filippinos, cr primeros, in one hand, and a lighted Chinese joss -stick in the other; while another boy brings a tray, on which is a cup of tea and some cakes. Another delicious cold bath generally succeeds the smoke, after which the luxurious European mares to dress for the evening, reap pearing with the usual mouth appendage, and a stick in hand—no hat, of course, for the Bstavian fashion is for neither gentlemen or ladies to wear anything on their heads except when they go to church on Sundays. Thus attired, he wends his way quietly to the Koningen's Plain, or to that of Waterloo, to gaze on the elite and fashion walking or driving about, which the ladies do in full dress—deco/lad —and wearing ornaments in their hair. On reaching home after his promenade, our Dutchman partakes of orange bitters diluted in Eirsch-tvasser—Hol landa—or brandy, as a stimulus to the appetite; and then, after the enjoyment of another weed, the Illandoer, head servant, or butler, announces dinner. When the ladies retire from dessert, cigars are immediately handed round, and cups of excellent Java coffee. . . . The gentlemen generally sit but a short time after the ladies leave, adjo-arn ing after them to the drawing-room, where they continue to puff vigorously at their lighted cigars, to the perfume of which the ladies never make any objection. As the room always opens on a verandah, some retire to seek the coolness of the night air, while others while away the time by music and chit-chat, &c., retiring generally about eleven, or twelve, to renew the same the next day, la case any of oar readers wish to become ac quainted with the ho, no, yo, 10, ko, or A B C of Java we commend the folio -Ring carious legtml co their attention:— LEA.RND.G THE ALPHABET, There is a curious story connected with the Javanese alphabet, whether founded on fact or not I cannot say, but I sh)uld rath,r be inclined to think an invention, devised to impress tta letters on the mind of juvenile pupils, If such is the c-,se, we cannot but admire the native shrewdness in ador,,lng such a plan. A certain priest, whilst walking ►orongh a forest, found he had lost his kriss; but feeling too fatigued to return in search of it, he approached a woodman busily at work, and begged him to seek it for him. The latter obeyed, and while he was absent, the priest and his servant sitting on the clump of a forest tree, refreshed themselves with some food which they had brought with them. Some hours having elapsed before the return of the messenger, the priest began to feel uneasy at the prospect of not completing his long journey before nightfall, and despatched his servant in quest of the wood man. The fcrrner had not proceeded far, when he met the messenger returning with the kriss. As his master had given him strict orders not to come back without it, he re quested the woodman to deliver it to him; a request which the man, who anticipated a reward for his services, refused to grant. The consequence was that a violent altercation took place, ending in the death of both. The story, told in the following manner, serves as a sort of mnemonic aid to the young Javanese learning their letters : Ho no jto ro ko—He sent them both. Dho to so wo lo—Who fell out and quarrelled. Po do djo jo njo—They were equally courageous, Mo go bo tho ngo--Both were killed. The wedding ceremonies of Java, which are of great length, ure fully described, as are also many other of the native customs. Oa the whole, these two volumes may be regarded as presenting an eminently satisfactory picture of life in Java. Vacation Tourists and Notes of ?ravel in 1862-3. Edited by Francis Galton, author of "The Art 01 Travel." One vol. pp. 524. Macmillan and Co. The editor of these collected travels may very justly describe this new volume as containing great variety in its contents. The Eleven papers here clamed together are about as dissimilar in style and subject as is well possible. The fiest article by the Rev. N. B. Tristam, describes " a Winter Ride in Palestine ;" the second, by J. G. Bertram, Esq. relates to " Fish Culture in F:ance ;" the third is about " the Turks in CeP.:itantinople ;" the fourth, and one of the most charming of the series,contains "Letters from the Cape," by Lady Duff Gordon. As M. Jourdaiia spoke "prose" all his life " without knowing it," so Lady Duff Gordon has con tribc!ed to a book—and some very ins * .efesting contributions they are:—without intending it I " You must have fallen into second childhood," she says to friend to whom she had addressed her original letters, " to think of printing such hasty ranlnling scrawls as I write. I never could w' to a good letter; and unless I gallop as 1151 ":1 as I can, and don't stop to think, I can say nothing; only I fancy you will be amused by some of my " impressions" -moths " you" intended for fhe private friend may be very correctly addressed to the public reader. Like the lady writer, who naively said of herself " I gossip whenever I please, and I please whenever I gossip"—so Lady Duff Gordon, in her unpremeditated sketches, will give pleasure to the many who may peruse at leisure what she has hastily penned during the progress of her travels. The remaining papers are as miscellanecu , and as interesting as those we have already particu larised. "Poland" and "Paraguay," " Sinai" and " Servia," " The Ancient Sheli.mounds of Denmark," "The Medical Service of the Federal Army," and " Wilderness journeys in New Brunswick' divide the attractions of this very amusing and instructive collection of the reminiscences of " Vacation. Tourists" and Notes of Travel. illexico Ancient and Modern. By M• Michel Chevalier, Sen a t or an d M ember of the M. Institute of France. Translated under the Author's super• intendence, by Thomas Alpass. Two vols. Max. well and Company. The name of M. Michel Chevalier oh the title page is sufficient to attract particular attention to any work. M. Chevalier having for some time oc cupied a prominent position in the literary and political world at Paris has accuired for himself a large circle of readers, and also, be it added, a large circle of admirers. The presett work on Mexico made its appearance in France before the recent political arrangements in Mexico, and the author naturally takes credit to himself that the course of subsequent events has in a greet degree justified his predictions. "The facts now accomplishing," he observes, " also the re-awaken,ng of that monarchi cal sentiment which the anther had noted as still vivacious in the hearts of Mexicans, and as that which would rally round it the great majority of the Liberal or Republican party, provided Mon.. archy presented itself under the escort of a group of public liberties suited to the intellectual and moral state of the country. Every day brings the adhesion to the new regime of some of those chiefs who fought under the orders of the Juarez Govern ments." " France," says M. Chevalier a little later on, " could not, go to Mexico to found there a new older of things except with the condition of their being in conformity with the spirit of the time. The honour of France, the secret of her influence in the world, is that she re presents those immortal ideas known as the prin ciples 0f1789, which are the terror of oppressors and the hope of nations oppressed." The author's re marks in reference to religious adminis tration are not likely to find favour with the great body of Catholics, indeed his own religious opinions may be called in question by many of the readers of his book. The following remarks on the new Emperor of Mexico are emin ently just, and it is to bs hoped they may also prove prophetic : MAXIMILIAN' OF MEXICO. The Archduke Maximilian accepts the burden of the Crown of Mexico with a noble courage. The resolution is a grand one, but not nnlooked for by thon who observed him in Italy. He is sensible that 1 , more than once the word s o f a ..tmer Emperor of Mexico, 4i that he is not on a be:: of roses." will have to repeat Everything seems to indicate that the 7 ,. ..eicans are going to welccme and treat him, not as en ambitious individual, lcd away by an immo derate passion for sittin g on a th ron -, b u t as a hi g h- sou l e d inan,who devotes himself to their cause, and has under taken the lofty task of saving a nation subject of old to the authority of his family. The Archduke will arrive in Mexico, not with a staff of Germans, military and administrative, but (as the author anticipated) alone, with his portfolio under his arm. He will have two armies to guard his throne—one composed of Mexican troops, the other formed and disciplined by France, and commanded by French officers, with a large number of French soldiery in its ranks. It cannot be denied that the latter will at first be the chief protection of the new throne; but why should not the Mexican army, whenbetter directed, return to those traditions of fidelity to the Sovereign for which Mexico was formerly conspicuous among all the other Spanish colonies? The rivalry of the gen crals was what led the Mexican army astray. It will come back to sentiments of duty when it secs authority permanently c)n centrated in the hands of a firm and enlightened prince, around whom has rallied every individual of importance. After this very interesting political introduction, M. Chevalier enters upon the history of Mexico, beginning with the first arrival of Cortez on Holy Thursday of the year 1519. The whole account of ' that romantic and adventurous enterprise, stained as it is with acts of cruelty and injustice, by which the valiant Spaniard, with 650 men, made himself master of a mighty and well organised empire, is here related in full, and although a twice told tale, will be perused with vivid interest, and enthral many a reader already familiar with the incidents which it narrates. The second volume refres to the war of iudependence in Mexico, and all the mo mentous events of recent times. Ia many of his prognostications M. Chevalier, as we have a:ready intimated, has been justified by the event. It may bo inferred, perhaps that being "behind the scenes," he had good reasons for some of his surmises. Be that as it may his history of Mexico in its entirety from the days of Mon tezuma to those of Maximilian is full of in terest, although all the opinions of its writer are I not deserving of general approbation. In Spain. By Hans Christian Andersen, author of " The Itnprovisatore," &a. Translated by Mrs Bushby. One vol,, pp. 306. Richard Bentley. Another charming " picture-book without pic tures," from the graphic pen or pencil of Hans Christian Andersen—a Painter without brush or easel, a Poet without rhyme or metre. What Picturez, glowing with the hues of nature—what Por,ms, full of tenderness and pathos—have we not many a time rejoiced in from the hands of the genial, gentle Danish Improvisatore. In his new book, in which he recounts to us his ad ventures "In Spain," he has given us a most delightful and vivid glimpse of what he saw during his travels in the Spanish peninsula. The descriptions, occasionally humorous and fantastic, occasionally pathetic and tender, are unlike all other travellers records; they are essentially origi nal, and bear about them the stamp of their author's well-known and intense individuality. On a seventh of September, some few years back, Chris tian Andersen first arrived in Spain. A curious coincidence marked this day. It was on a seventh of September," he says, " that, as a child, I first entered Copenhagen; it was on the seventh of September, many years afterwards, I first set foot in Italy ; and now, on the same dad any month, Spain opened upon me. It was strange, but chance, as it is called, so willed it, I had been detained a day at Myons, waiting for my luggage, which had gone astray on the railroad ; at Perpignan I had to wait two days, in order to obtain a place in the coupe of the'delligence, and so my seventh of September still held good. I was in a foreign land," he adds, "yet I felt myself at home : it wasth e sea which cau se d t h at h ome f ee li ng — t h © glorious sea I It rolled up from the coast of Africa with its swelling waves, like the German Ocean on the coast of Jutland, its bluieh-graen waves re minding me of a summer evening under the rocks of Moen," As a specimen of Andersen's power of picture-painting, let us take, almost at hazard, a glimpse of BARCELONA. . -- ----- -- When, last year, I first visited Turin, I perceived that I was in th e P ar i s o f It a l y; h ere i t struc k me that Barcelona is the P ar i s o f S pa i n. T here is quite a F renc h air about th e place. O no o f th e nearest narrow s id e s t r eets was crowd e d with people, there were no end of shops in it, with various goode—cloaks, mantillas, fans, bright-coloured ribands, al luring to the eyes and attracting purchasers; there I wan dered about wherever chance led me. As I pursued my we y , I Lund the shit) eul back streets still more nar row, the houses apparently more adverse to light ; windows did not se em i n request; the wa lls we re thick, a n d t h ere were awnings ov er th e cour t s . I now reached a small s quare; a trumpet was sounding, a nd people were crowding togeth er . Some jugglers, eq u ipp e d i n jelaitted yests, with party coloured sw i mm i ng small-clothes, and carrying with than the implements of their profession, were preparing to exhibit on a carpet Spread over the pavement, for they seemed to wish to avoid the middle of the street. A little dark eyed child, a mi gnon of the Spanish land, danced and L e , ayed the tambourine, let itself be tumbled head over heels, and m a d e a ki nd o f l u mp of, by its half- na k e d papa. I n or d er to ace better w h a t was goin g on, I had ascen ded a few steps of the entrance to an old dwelling, with a si ng l e l arge window i n the Moorish styl e; t wo horse-shoe -formed arches were supported by slender marble pillars ; behind me was a doer half open. I looked in, and saw a great geranium hedge growing round a dry dusty fountain. An enormous vine shaded one halt the place, which seemed deserted and left to decay; the wooden shutters hung as if ready to fall from the one hinge which supported each in their loose frames ; within, all appeared as if nothing dwelt there but bats in the twilight gloom. I proceeded farther on, and entered a street, still narrow, and swarming with s till more people than those I had already traversed, It was a street that led to a church. Here, hid away among high houses, stands the Cathedral of Barcelona: without any effect, without any magnifi cence, it mi g h t eas il y b e passe d by u n h ee d e d ; as, lik e many remarkabl e personages , one requires t o h ave one ' s attention drawn t o th em i n order to observ e th em . The crowd pressed e n me , and carried me through the little gate into the open arcade, which, with some others, formed the approaches to the cathedral, and enclosed a grove of orange trees, planted where once had stood a mosque. Even now water was splashing in the large marble basins, wherein the Muaselmen used to wash their faces before and after prayers. _ . The little bronze statue here, of a knight on horseback, is charming ; it stands alone on a metal reed out in the basin, and tho water sparkles behind and before the horse. Close by, gold fishes are swimming among juicy aquatic plants; and behind high gratings geese) are also floating about. I ought perhaps to have said swans, but one must stick to the truth, if one wishes to be original as a writer of travels. When he is visiting Valencia, our traveller recounts to us t h ey legend of the Cid mho, like "Douglas dead," won a battle after his death, and here the imaginative character of his musings is testified in the following extract.— And now stands, with its enormous square stones and jagged wall, the old gate through which the dead rode on that night of dread and destruction to the Moors. I stood in the shade of that gate, and was thinking of the hero and his war horse, when, strangely enough, quite a different vision was recalled to my, mind. Just as I stood there came a boy, shouting in his glee, riding the most miserable nag I had ever seen; the animal was literally skin and bone, and looked the picture of hunger : my thoughts naturally wandered from the Cid's noble war-horse to Don Quix.)te's Rosinante l Both still equally live in the world of poetry and romance ; and these, the names of Babieca and Itosi. nante will always survive. We commend these pleasant pages to the attention of the reader, who will require to exert but a slight effort of fancy to find himself " In Spain" when he has once opened the book. Illy Indian Journal, By Colonel Walter Campbell, author of " Tne Old Forest Ranger." One vol. Pp. 477. Edwonston and Douglas. "I have read somewhere," says Col. Campbell " that any one who has seen a little of the world, and taken notes of what he has seen, need only publish these notes to produce an amusing if not an instructive book." Assuredly, if the " any one " alluded to possessed the keen powers of observa tion and the happy facilities of description of "the old forest ranger," the amusement and instruction to be derived from ft ese notes would be a matter of certainty: We learn from the preface to this volume some interesting particulars resmaing its prede cessor. " The Old Forest Ranger," it appears could find no publisher willing to stand godfather to it. The author was therefore induced to bring it out at his own expense. It succeeded so well as speedily to go through three editions; and now having, as he says, " rested en his oars ever since," the author is induced again to solicit public attention, and again for a similarly truthful record of the results of his personal experience. The Indtan Journal now before us is,we are told,mainly compiled from travel-stained MS., volumes which have lain " undisturbed for the last three decades," containing the journal and notes of n subaltern in a marching regiment. To these are added descriptions of wild animals, and the dif fer‘nt modes of hunting them, compiled from notes taken from time to time during a five years' resi dence in India. The narrative compiled from these authentic reminiscences is full of interest and vicis situde. Some of the hunting exploits aro of en thralling interest. Colonel Campbell is evidently a daring sportsman, as every tiger and bison that came across his path can testify. A,s an illustration of these anecdotes let us take the following ac count of HUNTING THE TIGER WITH ELEPHANTS. In parts of the country where good " ehikaris" were not to be obtained, I used to find tigers by fastening a bullock near some ravine or thicket known to be frequented by them; the poor animal was generally carried off in the course of the night; and nothing further was necessary than to follow up the trail of the tiger to some neighbouring cover, where we were sure to find him lying gorged. Tigers are also found when returning at daybreak from their nightly prowl, by men stationed upon trees, who hem them into the first cover they enter. In whatever manner a tiger is found, the great point to insure success, is to procure plenty of hands from the nearest village, and effectually to surround the place, so as to prevent his stealing away before the elephant arrives. If he becomes restless, as he is apt to do when not gorged with food, a shout is generally sufficient to prevent his breaking cover ; for, with all his ferocity, the tiger is a cowardly animal, and much averse to show ing himself by daylight. Having found our tiger, we must, before proceeding to action, devote a few words to that most useful auxiliary— the elephant, A really good sporting elephant is invalu able. He beats for his game like a pointer; and carries his rider in safety over the most dangerous ground, and through the thickest covers, which he searches inch by inch, with a degree of patience and sagacity that makes instinct almost amount to reason. Trees that oppose his progress are levelled by his head, or torn down with his trunk; his stupendous weight forces itself through every obstacle; and at the word of command, the sagacious brute picks up stones and hands them to his driver to throw into the thicker parts of the cover. On finding the tiger, the elephant gives warning of his proximity, by throwing up his trunk and trumpeting; and if well trained, should remain perfectly steady, ready to obey every command of his " mahout." The worst fault an elephant Gau have, is a propensity to charge the tiger. Ia doing so, the violence of his motion is apt to unseat the riders, rendering it impossible to take aim ; and what is still worse, he generally throws himself upon his knees at the moment of attack, pitching the men out of the howdah by the violence of the shock. This bad habit is Usually caused by the driver encouraging his elephant to trample upon a tiger when killed, and thereby rendering the animal ferocious. Nothing is required of an elephant but to remain perfectly steady when a tiger is found ; and the bast way of training him to do so, is to make him stand quietly over the tiger after he is killed, without allowing him to touch it ; while the driver encourages him by his voice, and rewards him with balls of sugar dipped in the blocd of the animal. Some elephants are so steady, as to allow a tiger to rush up to their heads without flinching; bat there aro few that are not more or less alarmed by a de termined charge. A veteran gains confidence, and is at length made perfect by the coolness of his driver, and the good shooting of his owner; but those which are ill-entered turn round and often run away at the first roar of a tiger ; and even the best and most practised are often rendered useless, and become irrecoverably timid, by wounds received in a successful charge. I have had occason to use nervous, timid elephants, and they are bad enough ; but I would rather ride a determined runaway than a savage brute who insists on killing the tiger himself. It is, no deubt, a severe trial to tte nerves to find yourself hurried away by a huge ungovernable mon ster, with the prospect of being tither smashed against a tree, or rolled into a ravine; but this is nothing to the risk you incur on a fighting elephant, of being pitched into the jaws of an enraged tiger, or pounded to a jelly under the elephant's knees. On a really good elephant the sportsman is exposed to little danger; less perhaps than is most Indian field-sports. He is raised from 10 to 12 feet off the ground, on a com fortable seat, from whence he can fire in all directions, and he must be a bad shot indeed if he fails to stop a tiger in his charge. But even supposing that he does miss—which he bas no basiness to do—and allows a savage tiger - to spring upon the elephant, still the man is seldom the object of attack, and he ought to be able to blow the brute's brains out before he does much mischief. Tigers generally spring at the elephant's head, rarely making any attempts to reach the howdah. Instances of their doing so have occurred, but they are very rare. Many similar descriptions we might readily quote. The lovers of adventure will flad ample amusement in the spirited , reminiscences of Col. Campbell. , Some of the animals, the tiger, the bison, the ibex, and others, are the subjects of beautiful illustrations by Noel Paton and Wolf. DEVELOPMENT of ►SOUTHERN ENTERPRISE AND INDUSTRY.—The following list of manufactories show that our people are really snaking some progress to wards independence. In this list are not included the cotton and woollen mills dotted here and there in all the States,'or she iron establishments, or the Government works making arms, powder, —Hat manufactory, Statesville, North Carolina—stocking factory at Columbia, South Carolina — stocking factory at Danville, Virginia—bonnet frame fac tory at Newberry, South Carolina—cotton card faltory at Greenwood, South Carolina—cotton card factory at Fayette ville, North Carolina—cotton card factory at Columbia, Georgia—cotton card factory at Danville, S irginia (two) — cotton card factory at Selma, Alabama—cutlery, knives and fork., at Raleigh, North Carolina—cotton batting factory at Charlotte, North Carolina—corn-broom factory at David son's College, North Carolina—match factory at Danville, Virginia—blanket manufactory at Montgomery, Alabama — knitting-needles at Columbia, South Carolina—glass manu factory at Richmond, Virginia—glass manufactory at Columbus, Georgia—glass manufactory at Savannah, Georgia—button manufactory at Columbus, Georgia-- powder manufactory at Mecklenburg, North Carolina— several copperas mines extensively worked in Rutherford county, North Carolina—one copperas mine in Chesterfield, South Carolina. We have no doubt there are many other establishments than the above.—flichmond Examiner. RELEASE OF PRISONERS AT BOKIIA.RA.—A de spatch received in St. Petersburg announces that four foreigners (three Italians and one Frenchman) toge ther with 13 Russians, have been released by the Emir of Bokhara, after having been imprisoned for a year. When the imprisonment of the four persons became known is January last, the Italian Government immediately sent an agent, AI. Bonhomme, to do what he could in the matter. Provided with letters from the Sultan,the Viceroy of Egypt, and other Maliommedan sovereigns, AI. Bonhomme pro posed to travel to Bokhara through India, but was dis suaded by the Viceroy, as his death would have been in sured by so doing, on account of the Emir regal ding all Europeans as Englishmen. and entertaining a mortal hatred to them. N. Bonhomme then travelled through Persia to Russia ; hut even in Russia he was advised not to make the venture, and thus he could only forward his letters through the officials. The letters, however, remained unanswered, as the Emir is not partial to such means of communica tion, and had only sent one answer to four letters from the Russian commandant at Orenburg. Notwithstand ing all these difficulties, the prisoners are now liberated, and M. Bonhomme has returned from Italy to St, Peters burg, LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S ETLEGRAMS.) AUSTRIA. VIENNA, AUGUST 23. Herr von Bismark had a long conference with Ccuat Rechberg yesterday. The statement of some foreign journals that a project for Federal reform, drawn up by Herr von Bismark, would be the subjcet for negotiations, is, in well-informed circles, considered unfounded. ALEXANDRIA. AUG, 22. The differences between the American consul and the Egyptian Government have been settled, and the former has resumed his relations with the Go- vernment, Nabar Paths, hals ariired here, and left imme diately for Cairo. FRANCE. A Paris correspondent of the Independance of Brussels says :—"I have hitherto refrained from alluding to the projected marriage of Prince Hum• bert with the Princess Anna Murat. The hand of the Princess has been officially demanded in Paris by the Marquis Pepoli, who is himself the son of a Princess Marat. The initiative taken in this matter by King Victor Emmanuel's Government is gene rally considered judicious, as this marriage will draw closer the bonds which unite new Italy to the only great Power from which it can reasonably expect the final development of its unity. The negotiations for this marriage explain the intimacy with which M. Nigra has been received at the Tuileries. The future Queen is some few years older than the Prince, but that is a matter of little im portance in the case of a political alliance." " The interview at Kissingen," says the inde pendance, "begins to bear its fruit : the diploma tic relations between the Courts of St. Petersburg and Vienna are about to be re-established on their former footing. Count de Stackelberg is expected at Vienna, and Count Revertera is on the point of proceeding to his post in Russia. The choice of these diplomatists shows the value which the two Courts attach to the restoration of their good un derstanding. Count de Stackelberg is a great fa vourite at Vienna, and Count Revertera, who has married a rich Russian heiress, will be well received at St. Petersburg. BOURSE, Aug. 22.—The arrival of the English funds with a fall of has tended to impart dullness to the market, but without causing any material decline in prices, Threes, being now at 66fr. 40c. Mobilier, which opened at 1,023rr. 75c., receded to 1,017;r. 50c., and have since recovered to 1,020 fr. The Railway Market has varied but little from Saturday's quotations. The market became heavy towards the close, and prices receded, to leave off as follows :- 41 per Cents. 94 50 end month 3 per Cents Do. end mouth 66 35 Credit Mobilier.... 1910 Do, end m0nth....1011 25 Bank Shares 3360 Credit Fonder 1220 Roman — Italian Loan . 67 90 Do. end month.... 67 75 Ditto Threes — New Mexican Russian. Austrian Spanish Threes 49 50 Homo Debt Deferral RAILWAYB. Orleans Northern ...... Lyons and Mediterranean Southern Western Eastern .... Sardinian Austrian Lombard North of Spain Saragossa Ditto to Barcelona Cash. Account. 890 899 -- 980 .. 986 25 928 75 .. 930 -- 640 .. 641 25 521 25 .. 625 491 25 .. 492 25 337 50 .. 348 75 430 , . 433 75 542 50 .. 541 25 412 50 413 25 606 25 .. 503 75 330 .. 227 50 SPAIN. The Spanish journals remark with satisfaction on the manner in which King Don Francis has been received in France :—" We desire," says the Diario of Barcelona, " that the journey of the King of Spain in France, while strengthening the bonds of friendship which unite the two reigning families, should contribute equally to the union of the two nations, and lead to a sincere intimacy, based on the interests, respect, and independence of the two nations. If. at a later period troubles should arise in Europe, let us not rush into a policy of adven tures, nor undertake premature and useless sacri fices. Spain must hold herself in readiness, in order that if she has one day to struggle for one of her most important interests, she may be fortified by alliances on which she can reckon." What the in terest alluded to is not stated, but probably the recovery of Gibraltar is meant. SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN. (From the limes' Correspondent) HAMBURG, August 19. However hard the terms of the peace, which is now in progress of negotiation at Vienna, may fall upon the Danes, it may be questioned whether the condition of the conquered people will at any time be worse than is at this present moment that of their " liberated" fellow-sublects, the Schleswig-410i steiners. Moral evils are, for rational beings, the most unendurable, and the vary worst is uncer. tainty. Now, of one thing done are the people of the Duchies perfectly sure, and that is, that whoever else may be destined to settle the affairs of their country, they will themselves be the last to have anything to do with the matter. To consult the wishes of a people A to their national tendencies and the disposal of their sovereign rights is, under all circumstances, an almost impracticable undertaking, bat it becomes an especially hard task when the nation which is thus to fix its own destinies happens to have no settled constitutional form upon which its choice may be based, when, in the general breaking up of the links of sooial order, political passions have been for some time allowed to run riot, and when the country is at the same time trodden down by an overbearing soldiery and overrun by needy and noisy demagogues. We may be willing to admit that in Holstein, and in a part of Schleswig, the peop.le considered themselves, and were Germans, and tizat, on the ground of the repulsion and affinity of they aspired to be eeparated from Denmark and n:lited to Germany. The troops of the Confederacy a i ;d those of Prussia and Austria have fulfilled that wish ; so thoroughly fulfilled it, that the vote of the pure Danes and that of Danish loyalists and sympathisers must go for nothing. Schleswig. Holstein, and even Lauenburg, must become Ger man; they are German. - What of it ? Now that it is settled that these people belong to Germany, is it also decided that they belong to themselves, that they are their own mastere, and are, for once at least, to exercise their inalienable sovereignty over their own destinies ? Alas ! the Germans curie to bring to their Schles wig Holstein brethren not peace but a sword. They bring their jealousies and squabb;es, their whole system of pedantic chicane and feudal confusion to hear on the question, and will muddle it tod befog it till the luckless people of the Duchies be to accept any compromise, and submit to any 4,69 sion, out of sheer bewilderment and weariness of I mind. _ _ The first arrangement at which the German Powers seem to have arrived is the very one that can best prolong the complications under which the Schieswig-Holstiners are labouring; they have hit upon the schema of a " Provisional Government." Sow all who are familiar with any of the European changes that have occurred since the beginning of ttis century are well aware that all the scourges of war, plague and famine, are nothing for a country in comparison with a pro-interim rule; it is tanta mount to a rapid dissolution of the past, by well free from all responsibility as to reconstruction for the future; it is grounded on an assumption of t he neu trality of people who have an object to carry, and pursue it untrammelled by legal bounes,.undis. turbed by a sense o f duty or a qualm o f principle. A provisional government generally contrives to achieve what revolution or war etopped short of. The Governments of PrUES/3 and Austria dar e not claim the Duchies as their own by righ of conquest, neither are they willing that any one should dispose of the but themselves, Indeed, in their own mind, the question as to the future destiny of those provinces is already settled, but it is for time and the Provisional Government to work ft out. The management of the affairs of the Duchies is to be entrusted to Commissioners ap pointed by the two great German Powers—a Prus sian Commissioner and an Austrian Commissioner. Perhaps the junta may be a triumvirate, a third Commissioner being named by the Frankfort Diet. But even should the Federal principle obtain so much as that, its represenjative would still have the odds of two to one to contend with, and there is no doubt but, so long as the two Great Powers agree, no will but their own would have the force of law in the Duchies. Dow it does so happen that Prussia and Austria are at the present moment of one mind for what concerns the Duchies. A cordial under standiug between those two Powers en any point it 3 a strange phenomenon, and has been accounted for either by the dependence of Austrian on Prussian help, in the event of Italian complications, or by the forms of a compact between between Northern Powers reconstituting the Holy Alli a nce ; but , may be the cause, it is a f ac t no t only that Austr ia is going hand-in-hand with P rus sia in this matte r, but also that the former State is willing that the latter should reap all the benefit of their ceinainu enterprise. If a crafty and steady policy have power to se' complish anything, it seems certain that Prussia will extend her dominion over the Duchies ; it little matters whether this is done directly by immedia te annexation, or, indirectly, by the creation of a sub ordinate and vassal State. I fancy I can see evert' where symptoms of a disposition on the part Of the Frankfort Diet, and of the lesser and least Stat es of Germany to knock under. Not only are thl unequal to a contest with th e com bi n ed efforts e d the two Great Pow ers , b u t th ey ev id en tly feel, an all but acknowledge their impotence. The he lpless' ness and dilatoriness of that poor Frankfort Viet are in themselves sufficient to give the gon e into the hands of any adversary. Tho minor Cart e ' always wriggling and shuffling, are giving in one 11 one ; and Saxony, who would seem to evince greater stubbornness, takes up such absurd grounds ea to call down upon her the ridicule of her very partisans' She gravely tackled Austria and Prussia for „ac cepting Denmarks cession of Holstein and Lau en " berg, as by such an accptance they virtually admit ted on the part of Denmark a right on those Duchies which never existed." As it becomes more and more obvious that Pr es. sia has carte blanche in the Duchies, both en the part of willing Austria, a n d o n th a t o f releet atl " , Germany, it eppers also evident that the diePesi tion of mind of the Schleswi g -H o l s t e i n ers has ab ated from its former hostility to that designing Power. " The Schleswig-Hot s t e i ners ," it b egin s now to b e argued, ":are committed to no irrevocable course. Prince Frederick of A ugus t en b urg was hailed at f Kiel, at Schleswig and Fl ens b urg , a s the ele ct t' -,- n, the people. But in a comm un ity, however e rn " where anything happens sudd en ly to Sha ne Sha nethe authority of the Government, where," "it iS now asked, "where is the p eo pl e P Th e petty t o n e o Holstein and Schles w i g h ave nev er even g- 1 through the vain form s o f a p l e b isc ite; th e rural districts have made no s i gn whatever. Whatever the merits of Prince Frederi c k m ay bQ, however ready the country might be to pronounce his is favour, he is as yet," peopl e b eg in to find ou t " only a mob candidate. Hi s n a me has been pro" claimed; deputations have come to him ; mee tin g s have been held in his interest; but all these have been mere individual acts, the acts of men without_ call or mission, whom the presence of an armed force secured from all opposition. The people at large have had no chance to speak out; it is alwaYa the most worthless wheel in the cart that creche, and nothing is easier than to bring a multititude to cut its own throat." AMERICA. (REUTER'S EXPRESS.) NEW YORK, AUG. 10. The Southern papers announce the appointment of the Hon. George A. Trenholm, as Secretary of the Treasury, in the place of the Hon. C. G. Meminger, resigned. Mr. Trenholm is a native of Charleston, about 55 years of age, and tha senior partner of the firm of John Fraser and Co., of Charleston, which, with its Liverpool branch Fraser, Trenholm, and Co.—has been extensively engaged in biockade-running enterprises since the beginning of the war. A gentleman, long a resident of Mobile, and familiarly acquainted with the topography of that port, gives the following particulars of the locality of the late naval victory gained by Admiral Far- ragnt Forts Morgan and Gaines are situated about 33 miles from the city of Mobile, and command from opposite sides the entrance to the bay of the same name. Thf.s entrance is about 21- miles wide. Fort Powell commands another entrance, or rather nar. , row artificial pass, called Grant's Pass, into the same bay from the Mississippi Sound. The true harbour of Mobile, locally called the anchorage, is a few miles above these forts, under the lea of Dauphin Island, and about 26 miles from Mobile. Only vessels of small draft can come to the wharves of the city, which is approached by a narrow and tortuous channel averaging nine feet of water, never exceeding 11. The most difficult portion of the channel is at a point called Choctaw Pass, about five miles distant from the city. " It is not believed that the ci t y is in any danger of capture from a naval attack. A successful land attack would require at least 15,000 men, and the approaches in that case would not be from Dauphin Island but from Pascagoula. The object of Admiral Farragut's operations is, therefore, probably—first , to destroy the Confede rate fleet in the bay ; and, secondly, to more effectually close a port which, from its large cotton exportations, had recently be' come of considerable importance to blockade.ruu ners. These objects atta ined, the situation will not be very dissimilar from that at Charleston, except that the distances between the outer 6 0 ja,:ter lines of harbour defences are greater." .---__ _ MORI : ABOUT THE CONFEDERATE CBVISrt F LO RIDA-- By intelligence re ce i ved yesterday a t LloY"' s P through the Treetop, Captain Wakeham, just arrived at e Li ver pool from ilembay, it appears that vessels spok at. 36 , l d Confederate cruiser Florida on the 25 th o f July'. in the long. 36, on the look- out for prizes. The Florida steame up alongside the Preston, and having asce rtained her nationality, put a numbeit of letters and late newspapers on board her, the latter contaiving acco unts of the destruction. of tho Alabama by the Ne , arsag e. Further communica tions were about being interchanged, when a vessel bearing the United States flag hov e in sight, and 0 accident, terminating ill steamed off in pursuit. FATAL ACCIDENT.- -- A hue just held th e p o p ulation of Saila loss of life, in a state of painful suspen se for manches (Haute- 8 : neatly four days. A we ll sinker named Pericr was b e t iztt down into a n old well nearly sixty feet deep, for the purk.,ose of effecting some repairs, and had already reached within a short distance of the bottom, when a stone at the side on which he had for a moment placed his foot, gev ° wa y and br ou g ht with it the whole of the masonry work lining the sides of the shaft. Ji,s sistanc® was proui o b ta ined, and a f ter about fourteen hours' labour, card, rIY an d the voice of the unfortunate man could bead ar 12°t although closely pressed by the riaas, h°h twent y feet of the stones and rubt..ish w ere rem ov d received any freely. Two mornings after, the removal ,of the rubbish salons injuries, and was ,iblo to breathe was so far advanced that the workers had reachead to within six feet of the Perier, and some brot:f was pos e to him throu g h an elastic tube. The wor k had, b°vicaviejr; now become more dangerous. Twice th e shoring Pa ra 0 gave way, and the clearing-out of the materials had to taourer° recommenced. On the evening of th e next day the '''' .., iis at in the well called out that the unfortunate ll ' an ;to b° length reached, and at the same time asked for a cor . , o ther let down, in order to draw him to the surface. An other moment and he would have been rescued, but the eideth tile more gave way, the man again disappearing stones. Three hours later the rubbish had bbeeenneaele_,rtot awry from Perier's head and shoulders, but it Was n°w..iir. late, as he had succumbed from suffocation, after reill'' rag buried fur 8(1 hours,