The Sun. — London, England, 1831-06-02 00:00:00

'FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. FRENCH PAPERS. '(From the Messager des Chambree, Theaday.) PARIS, MAY 30.—The Temps contains the fol ,owing snide respecting the Dissobition of the 'Chamber " The Ordinance for the Dissolution has not yet appeared, though it was announced for the 26th. It may be a long time before it appears, for another journey of the King is spoken of, who, it is said, will set out on the 4th of June. This delay must not, however, make those uneasy who fear lest the old Chamber should be perpetual. " It is well known that the Dissolutien has never been called in question by the Prtsident of the Council." if the candidateship of the Prince of Saxe Co burg should obtain the majority of seffrages in the Belgian Congress, there seems to be no reason win; France should oppose it, unless opposition should be founded upon some notion of a future union between the two countries ; but such union not being pos sible in the present state of Europe without n gene ral war, we should ask whether the annexation of nine departments, which must bring with it a charge of one-half of the Dutch debt, besides a great dis turbance among our industrious manufacturers, would really augment the strength and the prospe rity of France ? It would, moreover, be necessary to conquer the Rhenish provinces belonging to Prussia, to Bavaria, to the Grand Duchy of Hesse Dramstadt, and also the fortress of Mayence, in which Austria has the right of maintaining a garrison ; for without the boundary of the Rhine, Belgium could not be taken in the rear, and could become an embarrassment to France. If we also consider that a prejudice very deep-rooted in the English nation will always lead it to dispute with us the possession of Antwerp, we must fear that England would make common cause with the Cabinets of the Continent ; whilst in all the other chances of the Belgian question we have the probability of seeing this Power remain at least neutral, if, indeed, she should not join ac tively with us. If there did not exist that exclusive jealousy of the Cabinets, and the fear with which France in spires them, even when reduced to her present boundaries, there could be no doubt but that the union of Belgium would be the very best course to adopt in order to come to a satisfactory conclusion of the details of the question. We have in fact shewn ►hat Belgium, in itself not being sufficiently strong for maintaining its mili tary defence or its commercial prosperity, neces sarily required to be unitt•d either to Holland or to France. But these two combinations having become im possible through the operation of the human pas sions, namely, the hatred of Belgium against Hol land, and the jealousy of the Cabinets towards France—it becomes wise in us to abstain from putting into action a temperament which cannot end in either one or other of the two above-mentioned results. Besides, by the independence of Belgium we shall always secure that dissolution of the king dom of the Netherlands which the Congress of Vienna had devised against France. It is easy to see that in the case of a Continental war, in which England should not be interested, the Prince of Saxe Coburg would also rennin neutral ; for he would always have as secret enemies the House of Nassau in Holland, and Austria, which, together with Pruasia and Russia, would be regret ting the dissolution of the kingdom of the Nether lands. This neutrality of Belgium,'necessarily pro duced by the nature of things, and specified, more over, in the protocols which have recognized its in dependence, covers our frontier on that side, and nullifies the threatening line of strong places of which our enemies could have taken advantage dur ing the existence of the kingdom of the Netherlands. There is however, one difficulty which is to be apprehended respecting France; but it does not arise from the candidateship of the Prince of Co burg, but from a far different cause. The following is the difficulty to which we allude:— Since he who is to reign over Belgium cann o t accept the kingdom without a line of boundary which comprises the left bank of the Scheldt and Luxembourg, and some other concessions on the part of the Powers forming the Conference of Lon don, we shall have reason to fear lest, as a corn pensation for what will thus be conceded to the new kingdom, Prussia, Austria, and Russia, should demand the union of Belgium to the Germanic Con federation. France will not hesitate to offer its most de termined opposition to a scheme which would have for its real effect, although indirectly, to attach po litically, and in a military point of view, Belgium to these Powers, and to place at their discretion the line of fortresses. But we do not think that any such project can be raised, for it would be in mani fest contradiction to the neutrality of the Belgic kingdom, consecrated by the protocols. Reverting to the Prince of Saxe Coburg, we will add another (and it shall be our last) view of the question. France having renounced Belgium because she could not discover positive advantages in the aggrandisement of territory at the expense of a treneral war—a war to which no limit could be Axed—and because the nomination of the Duke de Nemours would produce that great evil without effecting the integral union of Belgium to us, it appears then that a Prince connected with the Royal Family of England would be more desirable for us on the throne of Belgium than any other person who could be mentioned ; for England, and particularly since her liberal movement of Reform, is the only great Power with which we can be in harmony of doctrines and political institutions. In the present state of- warfare existing between the constitutional and the despotic principle, we cannot receive any umbrage at our doors from a Prince whose origin will be entirely conformable to the end and spirit of our revolution, without taking into account that by this good understanding with England we tighten the bonds which already unite us in a community of European interests with her. We have pretended in this article to consider the candidateship of the Prince of Saxe Coburg only in that point of view in which his elevation to the throne, in its political bearings, affects France. We await in the mean time the deliberation of the Bel gium Congress, which is very 600 n to take place. It Is sufficient for us to establish that, if his election should take place, our opinion will not be opposed co it, as well for the reasons already advanced as because it is of consequence to see terminated in some way or the other this Belgian question, which has now for so many months kept Europe in sus pense. But, in any case, it will be to the firm, although peaceable attitude of France, that Belgium from the beginning, without any support, will owe its liberty. This is a consideration which should not escape the view of those who level so many unmerited cri ticisms against our foreign policy. (From the Constitutionnel.) - WARSAW ) MAY 16.—Letter from General La fayette to Prince Adam Czartoryski, President of the rational Government : " Pi April 2 "MY PRINCE,-1. have had the honou at r e, of writing to you lately by three hands, and I hope my letters will reach you. Th e object of this is to introduc e to you, at the re.• guest of my colleague, General Lamarque, a superior offi cer, who has the happiness, much envied by me, of depart ing for Poland. Colonel Langerman was lately First Aide-du-camp to General Lamarque. Ile is provided with passports, and speaks German, which makes us Lope that he will succeed in the object of his journey. lam happy to take every occasion to offer you, my Prince, the ex pression of my Polish wishes, of my sentiments as a Na tional Guard of Warsaw, and of my attachment and my respect. (Signed) " LAFAYETTE." Colonel Langerman, in fact, arrived at Warsaw on the 15th instant. He was obliged to pass the frontier of Prussia by crossing the marshes under a shower of Prussian bullets, none of which, fortu nately, struck him. He had promised six ducats to his guide, a peasant of the Grand Duchy of Posen. When they supposed that they had escaped the Prussian Guards, the peasant would not receive any reward, because he understood that the Colonel wa, a Frenchman, who had braved se raaey dangers to come and fight with tit'si roles. Our present posi tion allows us to fruit the most flattering hopes. A long future is opening before us. Ancient Poland, the Poland of our ancestors, is rising from the grave. Already the Chief of tEe Russian army has been obliged to give up two plans of the campaign. The battle of rebruary 25, which he described to his Sovereign as a victory, obliged hi:u s however, to give up the idea of marching stritigiat on Warsaw. Our success of Match 31st destroyed his favourite plan of passing to the !eft bank of the Vistula, and compelled him tc retreat. The third act of this military drama is now begun, and it has opened by a triumph We already give our herds ourbretbren inVolhynia, and victory already= reaches the hand to us from the other side athe Bug; already, in fact, our countrymen, who have been deprived even of the name of Poles, swell our ranks, and fight with uss Thss inhabitants of Samogitia and a pact of Lithuania break their chains, and demand our assistance with loud cries. Cer tainly, the Imperial Ukase published at St. Peters burgh, which threatens the insurgents with the most severe punishments, striking even at the children of those it calls guilty—this Ukase, far from chilling their patriotism, will inflame it still more. Europe, on reading this decree, will learn perhaps what are the duties which humanity imposes on it; and the insurgents will see what they have to expect from the clemency of the Emperor. Thus the Russian Commander-in-Chief is surrounded by defenders of the national indeperrsience, and meets Poles at every side. The insurrection forces a part of the Russian Guard to remain at Samogitia, Our line of mili tary operations extends from Pultusk to Garvolin, and Diebitsch, wbh his 80,000, is opposed to 70,000 commanded by the conqueror of Dembe.— Our troops burn with ardour to meet the enemy, and are only retained by the consummate pru dence of the Chiefs. We expect to hear the firing of cermon, which signal of a new combat will be to us the signal of another victory— and another victory will be followed by the evacuation of the kingdom. The enemy now occupies only a part of the Palatinate of Augustow, a part of which is in arms. He maintains his powers in the Palatinate of Podlachia, and in the environs of Lublin ) where he has left, under the command of General Toll, a corps of 24,000 men. The corps of General Sterawski, which has regained the left bank of the Vistule, is re-organising, after its losses in a too rash enterprize. It will be reinforced, and will he able to keep the enemy in check in that part of the kingdom. It is, however, to be sup posed, that a single victory will be sufficient to com pel the whole Russian army to retreat beyond the Bug, where new dangers and new defeats await it; for never has Poland collected such an imposing force. We have 100,000 men under arms, without including the volunteers who come from all parts, or thirty thousand men who are formed into regiments, but are yet destitute of arms, being our last reserve. The spirit of these warriors is noble. They feel a certainty of conquering the Russians, who are dis couraged. They say to our people, when taken prisoners," You must be victorious, for God is with you." The faith of the Russians makes them weak, while the faith of our soldiers makes them strong. It cannot, however, be doubted, that the battle which is again to commence, will cost us a great deal, and expose us to many sacrifices. The army of Diebitsch, now reinforced by the corps of Gene ral Pahlen and the Imperial Guard, numbers nearly 150,000 men. The Russians have called to their aid also pestilence and contagion, and they have employed against us the corps of General Pahlen, which is ailllcted with cholera morbus. This disease has been communicated to the Polish soldiers, who came into contact with the Russian prisoners. Great care was immediately taken, and we hope to add to the services which we have already rendered Europe, that of saving it from this terrible scourge. Since the campaign began we have lost about 7,000 men. The hospitals contain about 3,000, and the enemy has sent about 3,000 prisoners into the Rus sian deserts. The Russians have taken from us four guns, but they have not taken a single flag. They have lost, however, in the field of battle, 20,000 men. Their hospitals are filled with sick and wounded, to the number of 30,000, and more than 16,000 prisoners have marched through the streets of Warsaw. The cathedrals are ornamented with eleven flags taken from the enemy, and forty guns, with 12,000 muskets, which belonged to him, are now 'used in our defence. Moreover, 6,000 Lithuanian soldiers have left the Russian army, remembering that they were Poles, and have united with us. Our resources are not yet exhausted. We have two strong places, neither of which is surrounded by the Russians, and of neither of which has the Russian General attempted to make himself master, except by employing the means of seduc tion, which were spurned with indignation. Thanks to the care of the Government and the patriotism of the inhabitants of Warsaw, we have a third place almost impregnable, for a population of 1.p,000 souls is there ready to defend it. This is the subut b of Praga. Do not forget the skill and prudence of our Commander-in-Chief, and let us adopt the conviction with which the Poles are deeply pene trated, that " when justice and right are for us, and united with a strong and persevering will, we can surmount all difficulties and attain the object we desire." The Lithuanians pursue their enterprize with pious ardour. All the inhabitants, not excepting the aged, take arms, in order to deliver the common country. Already they have been obliged to make reprisals, in the hopes of arresting the cruelties of their oppressors. A superior officer, who has been made prisoner since the Russians hanged'Schon and shot Labanowski, has been hanged by order of a Court-Martial. The order was communicated to the Russian advanced posts. (EXTRACT OF A PRIVATE LETTER.) The calamities we suffer increase from day to day. The frightful aspect of the country through which the Russians have passed can scarcely be conceived. You may pass over two or three miles, and not find a single house unburned or sacked from top to bottom with extraordinary care. We lately went to head-quarters, which are at a small handsome country house, eight leagues from Warsaw, at Ruda. You cannot imagine how every thin g i s destroyed. Not only the windows are broken, the doors split open by axes, but there is not a single piece of furniture left whole. The harpsichord has lost all its strings, and the keys are scattered about the garden. The beds and mattrasses are torn to pieces, and their contents thrown out of the window. There was a small library; and all the time that the Russian Generals inhabited the house, they would not allow a single log to be put on the fire—they burnt nothing but books ; and as they could not burn them all, they threw what remained into the river that runs through the gardens. These details will show you how these troops behaved, and in what manner the Generals amused themselves. But the horrors they commit at every moment are still more shocking. Massacres are forbidden, but the soldiers individually commit the most atrocious crimes. Women and children have been found murdered. One woman had her breasts cut off, that she might not nourish another revolutionist, old men have had their eyes torn out—it is horrible. All the waters are poisoned ; everywhere legs and arms or whole corpses are thrown into the wells or springs. All this, we are told, is nothing to what passes in Samogitia and Lithuania. There the re volution has taken a character of despair. It is known that mercy cannot be expected, and the peopl e have resolved, therefore, to perish rather than to surrender. They fight like lions. The Russians are enraged, and burn and destroy whatever they can lay their hands on. They chase the unhappy people into their houses, and setting them on fire, receive all The those e atrocitiesw 110 e t a b d e y e a c v o o m u rmtiot cannotescape o b n e their e b i vaeydo andets. Europe contemplates with calmness these scenes in the extermination of a whole people, whose existence and independence are so united with all the central and western part of our Continents And where 4. France, our ancient and powerful ally; and whie has she done in our behalf? • FRENCR FINDS -PARIS, MAY ja-Five per Cents., 91f. 90f. 90c. 80c. 75c. SOc. 60c. 70c. 60c. M.. 90f. 75c. 70c. 65c. 70c. ; New Loan of Mil, 91f. 10c. 30f. 90c. • Four per Cents. 75f. 60c. ; Three per Cent., 65f. 40c. 30c. 40c. 30 c. 20c. 25c. 9:)c. 25c. 20c. 65f. 15c. loc. tk 65f. 15c. ; Bank Stock, 1,627 f 50c.; Rente de N ap l es, 73f. 72f. 75c. 50c. 60c. 75c. ; Reute d'Espagne, 13% 34 ; Royal Spanish Loan, 6734 ; Rente Perpetuelle d'Espagne, 5.1 53;ti 54 53% 53% % 3 ,4. Exchange on London, one month, p aper, 25f. 15c. ; money, 25f. 15c.; three months, paper, 2.5 f. ; money 25f-Cours AmPhentique, DUTCH THE HAGUE, MAY 29.—Private letters from Berlin, written by persons worthy of credit, have been received here, which announce that the Em peror Nicholas had given orders to Field-Marshal Diebitsch henceforward not to negocia te any more with the Poles, nor to show them any kind of fa vour, but to employ the whole force which he now has, or may in the sequel have, at his command, to quell the insurrection. _ Letters from Oastburg affirm, that his Royal Highness Prince Frederick, when he went to inspect the frontiers in Dutch Flanders, declared in that town, to the universal joy of the inhabitants, " that his Majesty the King had positively resolved not to give up that country, but, with God's blessing, to continue to protect it." His Excellency Lieutenant-General de Kock, in an Order of the Day, dated Middleburg, May 22, announces that Prince Frederick, after viewing the troops in the province of Zealand, had commissioned him to signify his Royal Highneis's satisfaction with the good discipline of the troops, and their great improvement in the use of their arms, convinced, that should hostilities be renewed, the militia and the troops of the line would vie with each other in acting against the enemy, and in acquiring rights to rewards. The park of reserve at Gorenne is ordered to join the army. It is affirmed that his Royal Highness the Duke of Saxe Wiemar has joined the army. On the 26th, four more gunboats, quite ready for service, sailed from Rotterdam. The gunboats which lay off Foit St. Andrew are gone to join those at Gorenne, in order, a• we hear, to go together with those at the Moerdyke to the Scheldt. Thee Papers have no later news from Poland than has been already received. AMBTRADAM ' MAT 30. Actual Debt, 2% per cent. 3SN to 39?,4 Amort Syndic, 4% per cent. Ditto, ditto, 3% per cent 52% to 53 The appearance of Earl GREY in the royal carriage with his MAJESTY on Ascot Heath on Tuesday, was wormwood to the Tories, particularly as it falsified their stories, and completely contradicted the impudent reports in the Tory newspapers, that the Sovereign has lately received the Noble Earl with great coolness. The officers of his MAJESTY'S Customs, at Sidtnouth, have received orders ft orn Government, to see that every mark of attention and respect should be paid to the Grand Duchess HELEN', consort of the Grand Duke MICHAEL, and the numerous train of Russian nobility, who are about to take up their residence there for the benefit of the sea-bathing. She is conveyed by a Russian man-of-war and frigate. Her mother is the widow of the Emperor PAUL. The Princess HELEN is about 26 years old, highly accomplished, and very beautiful.— Westerff Luminary. AN ACCOMPANIMENT.—The most singular spit in the world is that of the Count Da Casnct MARIA, one of the most opulent Lards of Treviso. This spit turns 130 different roasts at once, and plays 21 tunes; and whatever it plays corresponds to a certain degree of cooking, which is perfectly understood by the cook. Thus, a leg of mutton, a l'Anglaise, will be excellent at the 12th air; a fowl, a la Flumande, will be juicy at the 18th, and so on. It would be difficult, perhaps, to carry farther the love of music and gourmanderie. Yesterday a Court of Directors was held at the East India House, when the following ship for Bengal direct were thus timed, viz.—the Duke of Buccleuch, to sail from Gravesend the 10th of June ; the Orient and Oriental to be afloat the 15th of June, and sail from L Gravesend the sth of July. Miss PORTER'S well-known story of " Thad deus of Warsaw" has been, for years, a grey favourite in Poland, and has acquired increased popularity there in consequence of the existing patriotic struggle main• tained by that country against the Russian yoke. At the time of its production, the authoress had the honour to be thanked by the illustrious KOSCIUSKO himself, ansl to receive presents from him and other Polish chiefs in ac knowledgment of the service done to their country by her pen. In the new edition of " Thaddeus" i❑ the Standard Novels, Miss PORTER has related several original and affect— ing anecdotes connected with the Romance, which confers singular attraction on its republication in the above named series. COVENT-GARDENTHEATRE.—OnTuesday a new drama, in two acts, was produced at this Theatre. The piece was called The Gypsy Father, and is said to have been written by a lady named NORTON, a near rela tive of the late Mr. SHERIDAN. The piece was consider ably applauded throughout—it is to be repeated to night. It is very properly called "a drama" for it has not music enough to be an opera; it is too serious to be a farce ; and has too much of farce in some of its scenes to come into any other regular class of theatricals. After it the spectacle of Napoleon Bonaparte was performed, that p trt of it in which St. Helena was introduced being omitted. This is a decided improvement, as this very beautiful spectacle is now quite as long as it ought to be. The defeat of the borough-faction in Corn wall was celebrated with great spirit at Liskeard on Wed nesday. A large party of gentlemen and yeomen dined at the Bell Inn. After the cloth was removed, several loyal and patriotic toasts were drunk. Upward of SOO females of different stations in life, " high and low," took tea in the open air; the labourers of the neighbourhood were plentifully regaled with beer and cider. The day, which was one of general joy and festivity, passed off without any disturbance or unpleasantsesa.— West Briton. The lawyers, it is said, are at work upon the supposed offence given to the Iri.h Bar in 111AT1Ews's song of the " Armagh Assizes," which he has introduced in his this year's Comic Annual. The gentleman who imagines that he is imitated by MATitrws is highly in dignant. We are much concerned to state that the re spectable banking firm of PAYNE and Horr, of the city of Wells, have suspended payment, although they have pledged themselves to meet every engagement in a few days. Rumour says that this untoward event is to be ascribed to the same cause as operated the recent failure of Mr. GEORGE BATTYE on the Stock Exchange—large speculations in the funds, bottomed upon a persuasion that the Reform question would destroy all public credit, and render the funds almost valueless; it has been seen that the parties reckoned without their ho,t.—Bath and Cheltenham Gazette. The following is the programme of the post poned fete to take place at Versailles, in honour of St. Philip's Day :—ln the course of Saturday, a 41b. loaf will be delivered to each of 2,000 indigent families. At mix o'clock on Sunday morning the rejoicings of the day will be opened with a salvo of artillery, and another salute will be fired on the arrival of the KING and Royal Family. His MAJESTY will review the National Guards and the troops of the garrison in the Place d'Armes and the Avenue de Paris. The smaller fountains will beein to play at twelve o'clock. The state apartments will be opened and accessible from the two side gates and the two grand staircases. Their MAJESTIES will appear in the grand gallery to view the ascension of a balloon from the centre of the terrace, a band of music playing under the windows. A mat de eocagne will be erected on the Place d'Armes, where there will be games of strength and ad dress. Their MAJESTIES will then proceed to witness a joust or combat, on the water of the grand canal. At three o'clock, the whole of the grandes eaux will be put in movement after which music will play on the lawn. At six in the evening, dancing will commence on the Place d'Armes, and continue till midnight. The whole town will be illuminated.— Galignani's Messenger. In 1129 an important change was made as to the qualifications of the voters for Knights of the shires. These were obliged to prove themselves worth 40s. per annum. Before this every freeholder might vote, and the ♦ast concourse of electors brought o❑ riots and murders. Seventy pounds would, in modern days, be barely an equi valent for our ancestors 40s. The freeholders were, at the same time, directed to choose two of the fittest a nd most discreet Knights, resident in their county ; or, if none could be found, notable esquires, gentlemen by birth, and qualified to be made Knights; but no yeoman or per sons of inferior rank. FINE ARTS. HOWARD'S SPIRIT OF THE PLAYS OF SHAKSPEARE. The plays of " Richard the Third" and " Henry the Eighth," form the subject of illustration in the present number. The illustrations of the former display more character, those of the latter more show and splendour. One leading defect, however, pervades, the whole of the illustrations of " Richard the Third." Mr. Howard has made the " crooked hack tyrant" a tall and apparently a slender figure, whereas, it is well known he was undersized, robust, and broad in his make. The cast of his countenance, however, is well preserved, especially in the scene where he is wooing the Lady Anne. Richard's dream is another felicitous illustration. It is astonishing with how few strokes of the pencil Mr. Howard has contrived to give this vision an impressive and even an awful character. Of the engravings illustrative of" Henry the Eighth," we shall con tent ourselves with saying that the too main personages, Harry and Wolsey, are pourtrayed exactly in conformity with the popular idea of them. LANDSCAPE ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE WA VERLE Y NOVELS. A welcome addition to the new series of these immortal fictions, with which they are intended to be bound up. NATIONAL PORTRAIT GALLERY. The embellishments to this wok consist of the King, Lord Exmouth, and the Bishop of Bristol. They are finished (especially the en graving of his Majesty) in the very first style of excellence. IRELANDandEN GLAND ILLUSTRATED, Mr. Fisher deserves praise for the spirited and enterprising manner in which he has set about this work. Devonshire and Cornwall have hitherto supplied us with some of the most beautiful of his pictoral illustrations, and now we perceive he is entering Ireland, which country has already furnished him with many most pictu' resque engravings. The explanatory remarks attached to the embellishments are simply and gracefully written. ILLUSTRATIONS OF THE OLIO. These amusing little sketches are remarkable for their cheapness, (six for sixpence !) and the skill and talent with which they are engraved. In point of dsplay of character they are not un worthy of Cruickshank. HISTORY AND TOPOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES.-PARTS 13, 14, 15. This very useful and elegant, and—another material recommendation—cheap publication, has given us a clearer insight into the sylvan and architectural wonders of the new world than any other work we have yet met with on the subject. The engravings, as works of art, are uncommonly well executed ; we take it for granted also that they are faithful resemblances, for the publisher assures us in the title page that they hare been drawn on the spot, expressly for his work. As regards the literary depart ment, it is full of interesting topographical in formation, displays much historical research, and is penned in an easy, flowing style, free from pedantry and verbiage. The work is de 'cheated to Washington Irving, the admired au thor of the " Sketch Book." VIEWS IN THE EAST. This is a light readable publication, just the thing to place on a drawing-room table, by way of passing off that formal interval which pre cedes the announcement of dinner. The en gravings are strong and sparkling, and pour trayirg some of the most remarkable Oriental scenery. LITERATURE. UNITED SERVICE JOURNAL. We have merely space to say of this number that it will not be found unworthy of its prede cessors. Its contents are various and well se lected. At some future opportunity we may possibly be tempted to give a few extracte. Mr. GRAHAM, who is brother to Sir JAMES GRAHAM, has succeeded Mr. EDWARD STEWART as Private Secretary to Sir JAMES, in consequence of the latter having been elected the representative of the Wig town District of Burghs, which precluded his continuance at the Admiralty, the situation of Private Secretary not being tenable with a seat in Parliament. Many inquiries have been made of the Mar quis of LONDONDERRY, when he intends to mend his win dows ? His Lordship has replied, " Never, until there is a change of Guvernment."—Standard. Adieu to the soirees at Holderness.house SINGULAR PHANTOM OF THE SUN SEEN BY SIR ISAAC NEWTON.--Sir ISAAC, having shut his left eye, directed the right one to the image of the sun re flected from a looking-glass. In order to see the impres sion which was made, he turned his eye to a dark corner of his room, when he observed a bright spot made by the sun, encircled by rings of colours. This " phantom of light and colours," as he calls it, gradually vanished ; but whenever he thought of it, it returned and became as lively and vivid as at first. He rashly repeated the ex periment three times, and his eye was impressed to such n degree, " that whenever I looked upon the clouds, or a book, or a bright object, I saw upon it a round bright spot of light like the sun, and, which is still stranger though I looked upon the sun with my right eye only, and not with my left, yet my fancy began to make an impres sion on my left eye as well as upon my right; for if I shut my right eye, or looked upon a book or the clouds with my left eye, I could see the spectrum of the sun almost as plain as with my right eye." The effect of this experi ment was such, that Sir ISAAC durst neither read nor write, but was obliged to shut himself completely up in a dark chamber for three days together, and by keeping in the dark, and employing his mind about other things, he began, in about three or four days, to recover the use of bis eyes.—Dr. Lardner't Cabinet Cyclopcedia, Vol., Nix. Treatise on Optics, by Dr. Brewster. THE EMPEROR OF RUSSIA'S RACING STUD.—A Nobleman connected with the Russian Court has lately arrived in this country, with orders to purchase upwards of 100 good horses, which are to form a racing stud fur his Imperial MAJESTY. On Tuesday the first con signment was embarked on board the brig Catherine, l y i n g in the St. Katharine's Dock, and bound for St. Pe tersburgh, consisting of 15 noble animals, including several valuable racers, purchased by Mr. ANDERSON, of Picca dilly, on account of the Russian Ambassador. Among them are Granby, bought for 355 guineas; Red Rover, Miss Chance, Jupiter, Tam o'Shanter, and others of good pe digree; besides three from the celebrated stud of Mr. LYNE STEvxxs, of Leicestershire. Al; the horses are in excellent condition ; and the stalls and accommodations prepared for them in the hold of the vessel are of a supe rior description ; awl, exclusive of two Russian grooms, a native of England, and a veterinary surgeon, also go out in attendance on the animal*. The value of the 15 horses is not much less than 5,000/., and the expense of their transmission to St. Petersburgh will not amount to less than 5001. more. DAV AT ONZ O'CLOCK. PRICES OF STOCKS THIS Bank Stock - 3 per Cent. lied 8 34 !Oi 3 per Cent Cons. S 4 1 y 374 4 1 ' 4 3!4 per Cent. ' • 9114 Ditto Red (l() 14, New 314 per Cent. 92%%3i 3 per Cent Ann. 1726 .... - 4 per Cent. 826 Bank Long Ann to expire Jan. 5, 1860 16 15-16 Oct. 10, 1859 l6 15-16_7i, Jan. 5, 1860 1714 Jan. .5, 1880 ---- April 5, 1880 -- Jan. 5, 187 0 - New 5 per Cent. India Stock Ditto Bonds - 3 2 pm. South Sea Stock 'Old Annuities. New Ditto 3 per Cent. Ann. 1751 Ex Bills, .£l,OOO 'l3 15 pm. Ditto 50' l3 15 pm Ditto Small Ditto Commercial — pin , l)itto Advertised — rm. Bank for Account India for Account ...... . Cons for July 20 PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS THIS DAT AT ONI O'CLOCK. Austrian Bonds — 'Neapolitan — Brazilian Bonds — Peruvian Bonds Buenos Ayres Bonds — !Portuguese Bonds Chilian Bonds — Prussian, Old Colombian Bonds — Ditto, New — Ditto, 1824 13% Russian Dan 7 sh Greek Bonds — 18113 — Ditto, 189.5 Guati mala — Exchange —t —c- Ntexican Bonds — 3 per cent. DU., 1825 3ro'4 -- Exchange —f. —c. PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. Paid. Per Share. Brazilian Imp. Min. Co. OM at 5/. pm.) lE•20 Ditto National l5 Protector Insurance Comp. XI 86 PRICES OP IRISH STOC Bank Stocl- Xs, DUBLIN, MAY 30. 2101 St. Patrick in c ur. (per sh,) Consols, 3 ner cent Gov. Stock, 3X, per cent.- 83% National Ditto — Ditto, New 9ON Patriotic Ditto — I per Cent — Hibernian Bank — Gov. Deb. 3,9 percent.... 87% 'Provincial Ditto .... ........ Royal Canal StocK —Royal Irish Mine — Grand Canal Stock —'lmperial Mine — City Deb. 4 per cent —' Mining Co. of Ireland 3';, Ballast Office Deb. 4p. c. —,Commercial Buildings — Due. It/Ms. Arrived. Due. Arrived. O America 0 1 Hamburg 0 O Brazil 0 Buenos Ayres. O Carthagena 0 I 0 Leeward Islands ... 0 I Dublin 0 1 0 Lisbon 0 I Flanders 0 0 Malta 0 I France 0 I 0 Sweden I Guernsey & J ersey.. 0 1 Waterford HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE TO-MORROW. Morning... 9 minuteg after 7. I Everung...:;S minutes after 7. THE REFORM BILL. This (lay was published, price Is. F RIENDLY ADVICE to the LORDS on the REFORM BILL. Also, I. OFFICIAL EDITION of the REFORM BILL, with the Amended Schedule*, Is. 2. CORRECTED REPORTS of the SPEECHES of Lord JOHN RUSSELL, Lord DURHAM, LORD ADVOCATE, Mr. MACAULAY, Mr. HAWKINS, and the Rev. THOMAS IGISBOUNE, on REFORM. Is. each. 3. Mr. DYSON'S SPEECH to the FREEHOLDERS on REFORNI. Thirty-fifth Edition, Is. 4. PLAIN READING for PLAIN PEOPLE; or, an Account of the English Constitution, and the King's Reform Bill. 20s. per Hundred. James Ridgway, 169, Piccadilly ; and through every Bookseller. NEXT SPECTATOR will contain the REPLY of the COMMONS of ENGLAND to the KING'S SPEECH on the DISSOLUTION -of PARLIAMENT. And on the following week (1 Ith June) the SPECTATOR will publish the ANATOMY of TAXATION. ," A' II LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JUNE 2, 1831. It is confidently reported in the City that an express has arrived from Berlin, with an account of the defeat of the Russian grand army ; that the Poles have got into the rear of the Russians, cut off the Imperial Guard, and intercepted their provisions. Most devoutly do we hope that this glorious news is true By the Brussels Papers we find that the elec tion of Prince LEOPOLD to the Throne of Bel gium is not yet decided. There is little doubt, however, that it will be shortly secured, as the majority of votes are in his Royal Highness's favour. The speech lately made by Mr. RUSSELL, the Member for the county of Durham, is re markable as the first public declaration by a gen tleman of large landed property, of the necessity o f Parliamentary interference with the revenues of the Church. Mr. RUSSELL stated, without reserve, his opinion of the shameful inequality of the distribution of the Church property, and in proclaiming that opinion openly, Mr. Rus- SELL is, in truth, a far better friend to Christi anity than his neighbours, the Dcan and Chap ter, whose enormous wealth is a perpetual scan dal to the system of religion, whose founder declared " that his kingdom was not of this world." We have never been able to find any satis factory reason why tithes are not just as much a matter proper for Parliamentary regulation as any other species of property, the title to which is derived through an Act of Parliament. Th e Legislature having once taken them from their then lawful owner, the Catholic Church, and ap propriated them to a purpose different from that to which they were originally dedicated, it fol lows, that if need be, the same Legislature has an undoubted right, if it please, a second time to exercise its supreme authority. The Church property is, at present, it is true, upheld by the sanction of law ; but so is the property of the West India planters—so was that of the brewers— and so is that of many other interests which have been, or are likely to be, forced to yield to the superior considerations of public advantage. The late ARTHUR YOUNG, in his " Six Months' Tourithrough Great Britain," published in 1771, says :—" The number of places in which tithes are gathered is very great ; a " discouragement to agriculture that is ircon " ceivable. Of all the oppressive taxes the wit " of man could devise, none throws such a " damp on the culture of the earth as those " which increase in proportion to the produce, " being literally taxes on improvement ; but at " every place where I made enquiries, all ranks " agreed, the clergy as well as others, that tithes " were universally found a great discouragement " to husbandry. Compositions are not the reme " dies they at first sight appear, for they are " often proportioned to the good or bad hus " bandry of particular farmers, and always de- If " pend on the will of the rector. The commutation of tithes for a fix ed land tax would be a measure of si g nal benefi t to the agricultural interest. redeemable in the same way as the should b e old land tax has been, for the mostpart, redeemed. Composi tions, however extended, will never do. The tithe must be utterly abolished, and a new kind of payment substituted for it , as a compensa ti o n to those to whom tithe i s at present payable. The rate of that compensation must be a matter for grave consideration, for whilst on the one hand the general interest may appear to require a sacrifice on the part of the tithe owner, yet the antiquity of his title confers on him as valid a iegal claim as the possessor of any other species of property. There is but one sound doctrine in regard to legal rights and vested interests, viz. that they must always give way to the public good. The problem is how to overcome the impediments Li Reform which existing institutions and rights present, at as small a sacrifice as possible of in dividual interests. But to say that a rotten borough Church, like the Church of Ireland, cannot be meddled with because of the vested interest of its priests, is almost as absurd as to say that the spiritual welfare of Ireland requires its continuance. We tell those ignorant priests both in England and Ireland, who from their own perverse folly have lost those affections which spiritual pastors may at all times so easily secure, that a reformed Parliament will make them smart for their conduct during the present crisis. We know which way the wind blows in regard to Mother Church, and when we see the mass of the Clergy taking pains in the educa tion of the people—identifying themselves with the people—and furthering their wants and wishes—when we see them eschewing political strife, avoiding connection with the borough mongers—and engaging themselves in the Chris tian duties of the instruction, the comfort, and the relief of their poorer brethren—when in short, they shall cease to regard tithes snd Chris tianity as synonymous terms—then, and not till then, will we admit that the unpopularity of our established priesthood is undeserved. The Constitutionnel gives some interesting particulars respecting the journey of Colonel LANGERMAN, lately first aide-de-camp to General LAMARQUE, and at present a volunteer in the service of the Poles, from Paris to War saw. This brave soldier met with innumerable difficulties in his progress, but surmounted them all by the skill and activity of his guide, who refused to accept the slightest remuneration, be cause the Colonel " had braved so many dangers to come and fight with the Poles." The same Journal gives an encouraging account of the Polish army, and the straights to which the Russian barbarians are reduced. An extract from a private letter also, to which we refer our readers, is filled with details respecting the fiendish cruelty of DIEBITSCH and his banditti. Surely France and England will interfere in be half of the high-minded Poles, and not suffer them to be butchered by thousands by the most detestable and atrocious set of scoundrels that ever disgraced the name of man ! If these two great Powers do not interfere, and that promptly and effectually, they well deserve to be branded to all posterity as traitors to the noblest cause in which a nation was ever engaged. The French Papers contain no intelligence of moment, with the exception that the Ordi nance for the dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies is postponed to the 3d (to-morrow.) At a late hour we received the following Papers. We have no time for comments : WARSAW, MAY 23.—Our State Gazette contains some particulars of the movements of our troops north of the Narew. It was on the 18th that they entered Ostro lenka. The advanced posts there extended to Miastkows but a division is said to have since gone farther and occu pied the town of Loinza, in the palatinate of Au gustowo. Narew on the Bug is also occupied by our troops. These redorts say that cur troops took at Ostrolenka some magazines, about 15,000 florins in money, several vessels laden with provisions, 400 o r 500 prisoners, 3,0110 tons of salt, and the very valuable baggage of General Bvstrun, of the Russian Guard. It is said that 3,000 Russians were taken prisoners at Loma, and that our troops did not stop here but advanced to Stowicki. Thus it seems clearly intedsd to give new confidence to the insurgents in Augustowo, who received so severe a check at the end Of April, near Mariampol. It is how ever affirmed that the army at the same time retains its frontiers about Sierilec. The State Gazette observes that no official accounts of all these events had reached War saw on account of the distance. The Diet has resolved that the army shall be aug mented as soon as possible by a new regiment from each province. The Warsaw Gazette says that the whole Russian army is now in motion in different directions. The Field Marshal's head-quarters were, a few days ago, at Zukowa, (not Lukowo,) near Siedlec. General Chrzanowski is still near LiIIICAC, front which place the post has arrived in Warsaw. We have no official accounts of the operations of the army on the left wing, but it is certain Ostronenka was taken on the 18th by Gen. Dembinski's corps, in spite of the resistance of the corps of Sacken, which occupied the place. There are reports that Gee. Rudiger, who was to join the Field-Marshal with his corps, is returning to Volhynia, which gives rise to various conjectures. BERLIN, Mai- 26.—The fears entertained that the insurgents in Samagitia might fly into the Prussian territory from the pursuit of the Russian corps have proved unfounded, as they have returned southwards to the interior of the province of Wilna and Augustowo. Roscienna, Newatad, and Tauroggen, are already occu pied by the Russians. Count Tolstoy, Commander of the reserve, arrived on the 10th May at Dunaburg, with 20,000 men, of which we detached 8,000, under Gen. Stroganoff, to Riga. The Russian naval force, in the Baltic, is reinforced since the navigation has began. In the night of the 20th some Polish Cracovites appeared on our fron tier near Johannisburg, and seemed disposed to pass the - frontier, though warned off by the soldiers of the quaran tine. A few musket-shot were fired off on both sides, but no one was killed or wounded. THE MARKETS.-(THIS DAY.) GENERAL AVERAGE PRICE OF BRITISII CORN, For the Week ended May '27, 1831, made up from the lleturns of the Inspectors in the different Cities and Towns in England and Wales, per Imperial Quarter. 655. 5d.1 Oats 275. (d. 8ran5,...... 40s. Ms Barley 40s. 6(1.1 Rye 41s. 4d I :399. 4d. IMPERIAL AGGREGATE AVERAGES OF THE SIX WEEKS pREGEOIN 6 . 693. '.0d.1 Oats '27s. 2d.1 Beans-. 39,. 41s. 3d.l Rye 40s. lid.' 395. 141. DUTIES ON FOREIGN CORN. I3 s . Oats tis. 3,1.1 ns. Od• Barley Is. Od.l Rye .---.. 9s. 6,1.1 I Is. Od• HAY MAIt K ETS.--( At per Load of 34 Trusses.) Coarse heavy L CUMBERLAND (LATE ST. JAMES'S.) Lowland Meadow Hay £2 3 to X! 2 10 New Meadow Hay 0 0 0 ° Useful Old Ditto Fine Upland Meadow and Rye-grass Hay 4 5 4 • Clover Hay ............................................ '. 0 „ Oat Straw ......£1 12 to £: 1 11 1 Wheat Stiaw , 1 18 ' :Supply good, trade doll, and prices stationary. SMITHFIELD. Coarse heavy Lowland Meadow Hay .C 2 10 to £ 2 15 New Meadow Hay 0 0 0 i f s l Useful Old Ditto 3 o 3 n 4 Fine Upland Meadow and Rye-grass Hay ..... Clover Hay (extra fine)...Ls 10... Generally - Oat Straw £ 1 B to£l 12 I Wheat Straw 112 I It l Supply short, trade very dull ; and prices as last quoted. DEATH OF BARON M'CLELLAND. ---- Died on Friday moraing, at his seat Aghnarverna, county of Louth, in the 63d year of his age, the Hon. Baron 111‘CLELLANn, upwards of thirty years a Judge of the Court of Exchequer. 11l health caused Baron APCLEr.- LAND to retire from the bench about a year back, when he was succeeded by the lion. Baron Fosxxa.--Droyhed n Journal. NATI The crowded, announce desiring King of M. A Congress Written,l the F The IV said, Lor authorish Congress. honour t " SIR ; to comro affairs, them. 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