The Sun. — London, England, 1830-06-02 00:00:00

was taken down, while - yet in an evident state of sensibility. ne was then disembowelled; and the heart, wrung from its place, was committed to the flames in his presence. During this dreadful process, his eyes still continued to linger on the Psalter, till, overpower e d by his sufferings, he expired among their hands with all that passive heroism which may be supposed to belong to so elevated a character. The body was afterwards dismembered ; the , head fixed on London-bridge, the right arm on the bridge of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, the left at Berwick, the right leg at Perth, and the left at Aberdeen.— Constable's Miscellany, Vol. LIV., Life of Sir William lirallace. THE GREEK NEGOCIATIONS. (From the Times.) The settlement of the Greek question, and the establishment of Greek independence (if the former be finally settled, and the latter finally established) have cost Greece nine years of war, and Europe three years of diplomacy, and have been more expensive in lives and protocols than any similar revolt of modern times. The docu ments which have been submitted to Parliament contain the most important points of the nego tiations which have taken place on Greek affairs since the 6th of July, 1827, to the end of April last. Those which contain the most recent in formation we have already published, and the re sult is generally known. But as a great portion of these papers contain facts or incidents of per manent interest, ore shall make no apology for reverting to some of an older date. As soon as the treaty of the 6th of July, 1827, was concluded, copies of it, along with instructions for carrying it into execution, were sent to the naval commanders of England and France in the Mediterranean, and to the Am bassadors of the three Powers at Constantinople. The Allied Admirals contrived, even amid the anarchy which at that time prevailed in Greece, to obtain from an authority called (by courtesy) a Government, a consent to the terms of the Treaty. The Greek population, whom the Turk« and Egyptians had threatened to exter minate, were the party to be chiefly benefited by the armistice which this treaty imposed, and the final pacification to which it was intended to lead. Still, so jealous were the Greek Chiefs of each other, so little were they alive to their common danger, and so ill prepared for that system of order which was to follow the establish ment of peace, that the proposition of the Allies was coldly received by some, and all but opposed by others. This fact is stated and proved in au excellent letter of Admiral de Rigny to the French Ambassador at Constantinople, dated August 19 : " Some Roumeliots," says the Admiral, " both in and out of the assemblies, certainly intend to withhold their assent ; they think that because their prospect of bein g included within the boundaries is uncertain, they have little risk to run by opposition ; and besides their habits and their tastes lean more to the present state of thins, because, as well in their own country as in the IN ores, it is by this very state of things that they live. " Coletti, one of the members of the preceding Government, Grivas, Tzavellas, the Suliotes and the Roumeliots, already form this opposition. In order to resist it, it will be necessary to assemble the de puties of the islands, and it is for the sake of more readily bringing them over that it has been decided to transfer the Government to tEgina, where it will not be in the presence of Grivas, who has not as yet chosen to quit the citadel of the Palamede. Ipsilanti and Doctor Bailly left Napoli some time since ' and are, I think, at Syra. " Some military and naval commanders, to whom an authority almost independent of the Government has been granted, may also, either by their personal position or by their being foreigners, as well as by the private assistance they receive from abroad, create other difficulties, in addition to those of which I have just spoken. " We cannot well rely upon the existing Govern ment for overcoming these difficulties ; they have no effective force, and can possess no other moral force than that which, in the minds of the wearied Greek population, they will derive from our communications with them ; and the effect cannot be so immediate that we can as yet talk of it." The gallant Admiral afterwards adds— " I do not think it possible that you can have an exact idea of what these people are. One must serve them in spite of themselves. It is necessary, too, I repeat, to leave to some of them, whose life depends on warfare, some corner to carry it on without bad consequences, and without obliging us to go to set matters to rights. On other occasions lines of neutrality have been drawn. I think that in this case some such neutral ground must be left, where they may come into collision with the Turks as they please." He, however, explains the origin of this aver sion to peace, and shows that it did not charac terise the body of the people, who earnestly de sired repose. " I think," says he, " that the mass of the po l pulation, if they could be consulted by some other intervention than that of the Greek chiefs them selves, mould gladly accept any arrangement what ever. Ask the unhappy inhabitants of the Morea —harassed, despoiled, and plundered alternately by the Turks and the Palicari ! Ask the islands of the Archipelago, in every one of which a band of land and sea pirates gives the law /. Examine what is passing at Syra, at Tyros, at Naxos, at P a ro s , at Milo, where bands of andiots, of Caxiote, of Sphactiots, come and establish themselves as rulers, and leave nothing to the inhabitants—some times not even the liberty of complaining." The treaty was nevertheless finally accepted by the Greeks, and a declaration issued by the Greek Government, ordering its arrangements to be observed. At Constantinople the result was different. Neither the Sultan nor his Minister would listen for a moment to any proposition of interference between them and the Greeks, nor attend to any demand of an armistice. The three Dragomans of the Allied Ambas sadors were ordered to wait upon the Reis Effendi with the protocol of London, dated July 12, together with a declaration on the subject of the treaty, and the first of the following series of papers contains the result of their in terview. His Turkish Excellency seemed to be quite aware on what mission the interpreters came, though he pretended ignorance of the whole matter, and showed as much reluctance to receive their message as an unwilling witness to receive a summons to appear in Court. When the Dragomans had a meeting with the Reis Effendi on the 30th of August, they found him still more decided against listening to any proposition respecting Greece, or any claim of mediation on the part of the Allies. The questions which his Excellency put respecting the means and measures of enforcing the treaty, should the Porte prove refractory, are extremely pertinent, and must have appeared not a little puzzling to the Ambassadors. flow to sup port the Greeks, whom the Turk called rebel lious subjects, without opposing the Turks, — how to be friends of the Sultan at Constanti nople, and his enemies on the coasts of the Morea,—how to employ three squadrons to pre vent the Porte from sending reinforcements to resubjugate an, insurgent territory, without inter- rupting the relations of amity between the Allied Courts and the Turkish Government, — must have appeared difficult to a less prejudiced person than the Reis Effendi. The question was not resolved, and could not be resolved, by the diplomatists of Constantinople. Its first and its only solution took place on the 20th of October, in the bay of Nayarit). " REPORT OF TIIE DRAGOMANS OF FRANCE, GREAT BRITAIN, AND RUSSIA, DATED DTII SEPTEMBER, 1827. " The undersigned, in consequence of the joint instruction which they received from their Excel lencies the Representatives of the Courts of France, Great Britain, and Russia, went together this day, the 9th September, to the country house of the Reis Effendi, where this Minister expected them, being prevented by serious indisposition from going to the Porte. " The first Dragoman of France was chosen to repeat verbally the instructions of their Excellencies. At the commencement, the Reis Effendi declared that if they had any intention of delivering a paper to him, he would not receive it. Monsieur Des granges announced that he wa; sent, with his col leagues, to tell the Reis Effendi that they were ready to give him the explanations he had urgently re quested, upon the means and the measures announced in the declaration of the 31st of August, if his Ex cellency should persist in that request. 4 Undoubt edly I do,' said his Excellency ; speak—l am listening to you.' " Monsicur Desgranges then began—' In case the Sublime Porte should refuse the mediation'- 4 Do not substitute a supposition for a fact,' interrupted the Reis Effendi; the Sublime Porte refuses the intervention,—there is no possibility of raising a doubt on that point.' On another passage his Ex cellency also desired us to observe that he had not accepted the declaration of the 31st of August, and that his only knowledge of it was derived from the verbal explanations of that day. his Excellency made no other remark. " When Monsieur Desgranges had given, word for word, a most exact translation of the instructions with which he was charged, the Reis Effendi col lected himself for a few moments, and delivered, with much calmness and suavity, a long speech, in which his Excellency repeated the same things several times, and of which the tenor is as follows: " The Sublime Porte has presented to the Mi nisters of the friendly Powers a declaration con taining the principles from which it will never de viate. These principles are eternal. The Sublime Porte owes to the force of its arms the conquest of Greece. The Greeks are its subjects ; no foreign Power has the right to interfere in any thing which concerns the Greeks and the Mussulmans. " The holy law of the latter is the only code whose benefits their Rayahs can implore. These benefits have never been refused to them. Our Rayahs were happy. An inspiration from hell alone can have bewildered them. The hope of foreign assistance even yet prevents, in some places, their return to obedience. We are continually receiving acts of submission. Only a few days ago numerous petitions were addressed to us by several districts. " The territory belongs to us; the subjects are ours; our right is incontestable. We rested our cause upon the most irresistible argument : what do the Powers desire of us ? They are all our friends, we ask nothing of them,—what pretension, then, can they bring forward ? Have we broken the ties which attach their Governments to ours ? We have treaties with France, with Great Britain, with Russia; does any one of their articles give a right to the pretensions put forward by the Powers ? Have we been found to neglect the least of our obligations towards them ? Whence are derived the proposi tions of intervention, of armistice, and of pacification ? Justice and reason reject them all. The Sublime Porte repeats it, it will refuse to listen to them till the day of judgment. " Nevertheless, the Ambassadors, bent on the prosecution of a project which justice condemns, have spoken to the Subtime Porte of means and of measures which their Courts were to take in con cert. If I then asked you, gentlemen, to announce to me openly what their Excellencies meant by these expressions, it was not that I was not perfectly aware of their true meaning. I knew their whole tendency, but till now all that has passed has only been a question of words. " Previously to their being followed up by any act, I wished to declare to you that the Sublime Porte sets a greater value on peace than any other Power,—to repeat to you that your language appears unintelligible to it,—that that which you assure us makes no breach in our friendship, is, in our opinion, an infraction of this same friendship ; and that, in short, the means of which you speak, present so re markable an incompatibility, that one may say that fire and cotton, or water and fire, are not more op posed. In fact, you announce that your fleets will intercept the sending of men and munitions of war; they are also to stop our forces whenever, in execu tion of the orders of his Highness, they advance upon the rebels to chastise them if they do not sub mit. What conduct would be more regular than that of our commanders,—what conduct more irre gular than that of yours, if they oppose ours ? You will receive Consuls, you say, from Greece, and you will send others thither ; but, setting aside the con sideration of what is contrary to justice and to right in this step, how will the safety of these agents be guaranteed ? Every thing has an end. The revolt will only last for a time. It mud soon finish. Examine with impartiality the true state of things, you will perceive that wherever your influence has not penetrated, the rebellion has ceased. Almost all the provinces of the conti nent have been brought to reason. Some districts on the coast, where the influence of which I speak still reigns, alone remain to be subjected. Every misfortune which has occurred may be attributed to some hundred individuals. Refuse, then, your sup port, and order will be every where restored. It is my wish, therefore, gentlemen, to make you explain officially the means and the measures announced in the declaration of their Excellencies the representa tives of the three friendly Courts, in order to point out to you their injustice and incoherence. It was, moreover, my duty to make known to you the only course of conduct which the Sublime Porte could pursue. The hopes daily held out to our Rayahs by the reports which are unceasingly disseminated amongst the public, necessarily nourish in their imagination the ideas of liberty. Two liberties or two sovereignties cannot exist in one and the same empire; the one must annihilate the other. The Sublime Porte does not think itself called upon to give an account of its views. It will be sure to conduct itself according to events with that wisdom which has always distinguished it. Whenever the commanders of your squadrons put into execution the measures which you announce to us, the aggres sion will be on their side. From that time, our commanders will act according to the orders which they will have received, and the Sublime Porte will take such measures as it may judge fitting. I❑ short, gentlemen, the Courts have promised to themselves the maintenance of a general peace, the repose of the world; and God knows if the road they are pursuing will not lead to an universal disturbance, and an un exampled conflagration ! " I cannot too often repeat it, the Sublime Porte is desirous of peace, and of the continuation of all those relations of friendship which attach it to the Powers. lever will it violate treaties; they are -- - T sacred to it. in this world, and in the next, all the blame will fall upon those who shall have been the first to infringe them. The Sublime Porte is glad to proclaim beforehand, that it throws back upon them the responsibility of every infraction.' " These were the last words of the Reis Effendi's speech. The first Dragoman of France thought it his duty to repeat in answer the most formal assur ance that the high contracting Courts, being re solved to pursue the work of pacifying Greece, have no other end whatever in view than that pacification. " As the Reis Effendi had from the beginning declared that he would receive no paper, the un- dersigned retire], without having had the opportunity of leaving with his Excellency a copy of their instruc tions. (Signed) " A. DESGRANGES. " F. CHABERT. " A. DEODATY." REPORT OF THE THREE DRAGOMANS OF FRANCE, GREAT BRITAIN, AND RUSSIA, OF THEIR CON FERENCE WITH THE REIS EFFENDI, ON THE 30TH OCTOBER, 1827. _ _ " The undersigned, in consequence of the joint instruction, dated the 29th, from the representatives of France, Great Britain, and Russia, having yes terday presented themselves to the Porte, without being able to see the Reis Effendi, on account of the lateness of the hour, again waited on that Mi nister to-day, who gave them an audience in his se cret cabinet. " M. Franchini said, that he was the bearer of a message, in the name of the representatives of the Allied Powers. «' What Allies ?' said the Reis Effendi; ' we do not know them.' " The Allies,' answered M. Franchini, are Great Britain, France, and Russia.' " His Excellency then listened, with the most profound attention, and with the utmost calmness, to the whole instruction. "At the passage, Thus has been realized the resolution which the Representatives notified to the Porte,' the Minister observed, that nothing had ever been notified to him, excepting assurances that no act on the part of the three Powers should inter rupt the friendship which existed . " M. Desgranges observed, that it had been an nounced to the Reis Effendi, that the operations of the Ottoman fleet would be prevented by face. At the end of the first of the three questions, his Excel iency suffered these words to escape him, Truly, this is very amusing.' He then desired .M. Flan chini to proceed. The Reis Effendi did not again interrupt him. These were his replies. " 1. Whatever may be the answer returned to Ibrahim Pacha by the Sublime Porte, you have no right to interrogate us on that score. That con cerns no one but Ibrahim Pacha and us,—let every one mind his own business. When your Govern ments give orders to their commanders, do we ask you what those orders are ? Our commanders and your commanders are officers charged with the exe cution of the instructions of their Courts. The Porte has not given powers to Ibrahim Pacha to sign any convention. That Vizier is commanded to employ all his forces, and every means at his dis posal, to enforce submission on the rebellious Rayas, and to reduce them to obedience. " 2. We are ignorant of what has taken place between our fleets and yours. When a woman is with child, which of you can tell whether she will bring forth a boy or a girl ? Knowing nothing, we can say nothing. " 3. The Sublime Porte has always declared that it will never admit the interference of others in its affairs. The Sublime Porte does not alter its re solutions ; and as it has already declared, so it still declares, that, till the day of judgment, it will refuse to admit of any foreign interference. I repeat, we are ignorant of what has taken place between our fleets ; and when a woman is with child, we must await her lying-in, to ascertain whether she will give birth to a boy or a girl. It would be impossible that now, when, according to your repeated as surances, the Powers desire the maintenance of peace, we should presume that any thing would be likely to disturb our friendship. In a word, the Sublime Porte has no new answer to give you.' In the last place, with respect to the declaration of their Excellencies the Representatives, as to their resolution, in the event of an equivocal answer on the part of the Reis Effendi, his Excellency said, The Representatives can regulate their concerns in whatever way they please. Their intention, by to day's proceeding, has doubtless not been to advance recriminations or complaints. It would be easy, in such a case, for us to ask, to whom belonged the right to make them ; and what, then, might we not have to say ? But our business is to go on as here tofore, and to attend to all the affairs of your em bassies, in constant conformity with treaties.' " The undersigned then retired." (Signed by the three Interpreters.) " REPORT OF TILE DRAGOMANS OF FRANCE, GREAT BRITAIN, AND RUSSIA, DATED NOV. 4, 1827. " The undersigned, in obedience to the joint in struction of this day from their• Excellencies the Re presentatives of France, Great Britain, and Russia, repaired to the Reis Effendi at the Porte. That Minister, the Amedgi Effendi,being present, received them in his secret cabinet. " M. Pisani read the instruction without being in terrupted. He proposed to repeat it. " I have understood it,' said the Reis Effendi, and that is enough.' M. Pisani asked what answer the undersigned should report to the Repre sentatives. " There is no answer,' replied his Excellency; I am not authorized to enter into any discussion. And besides, what answer would you have me give to a question quite contradictory in itself ? Tell me,' said the Minister, 6 whether your Ambassadors are Plenipotentiaries ?' " M. Pisani answered in the affirmative. " Well, then,' continued the Reis Effendi, how can the Sublime Porte listen to their wishes for peace when they have broken that peace ?' " The Representatives,' said M. Desgranges, are accredited to the Porte for the purpose of pre serving peace. They have deplored the occurrence at Nayarit). They had announced to the Sublime Porte, that the fleets would be employed to arrest the progress of hostilities between the Mussulmans and Greeks. Their Admirals, equally with the Am bassadors, receive their instructions from their Courts.' " Is there any mention of Greece in the trea ties ?' said his Excellency. " Treaties,' said M. Desgranges, are the mutual guarantee of tranquillity and reciprocal advantages. It has been sufficiently shown to the Sublime Porte, that the disorders of the Archipelago were prejudi cial to the Powers.' " ' But,' said his Excellency to M. Franchini, ' have you not yourself told me that your vessels only came into the Mediterranean to convoy your merchantmen,—is this the way you keep your word ? Instead of that, your ships have gone to Nuvarin and burnt our fleet. " M. Franchini avoided this question. " In short, gentlemen,' continued the Reis Effendi, reverting to the object of the visit of the undersigned, 1 have no answer to give to your Mi nisters. Their conduct is an instance of extreme contrariety. The case is actually as if, in breaking a man's head, I at the same time assured him of my friendship. Would not such a proceeding be ab surd ? Such, however, is the present question. Your Ambassadors talk about peace, and have broken the treaties.' " M. Pisani stated that the undersigned were employed to leave a copy of the present instructions. " 6 Then you can give it to the interpreter of the Porte,' replied his Excellency. " The undersign e d thereupon went to the inter preter of the Porte, and delivered it to him. (Signed) " AL. DESGRANGES, F. PISANI, " ANT. FRANCHINI, Councillor of State." In producing some more of these papers, vie shall, if we find room, recur to the protocols of the conferences which took place at London. • ALARMING FIRE.--bast flight, between sine and ten o'clock, a fire broke out in the house of Mrs. Moons, a widow lady, in Raltere-street, Goswell-road. The servant, who, it appears, was the only inmate at the tinae of the unfortunate circumstance, let the snuff from a candle fall amongst some shavin gs , w hi c h were placed under the kitchen stairs, for th e purpose o f l i g h t i ng fi re s. Such was the rapidity iof the fl ames, that the w h o l e pre mises were destroyed n less than half an hour, and before an engine arrived. The police men ren d ered great assist ance in securing the adjoining houses front a similar fate, which we are happy to say Was eff ec t ua l , as t h ey su ff e red no material injury. FROM THE GAZETTE OF LAST NIGHT. Whitehall, May 28, 1830. The Lord Chancellor has appointed Wolby Foster, of Louth, in the county of Lincoln, Gent., to be a Master Extraordinary in the High Court of Chancery. BANKRUPTCY ENLARGED. Samuel Wright Barringer, St. John-street, West Smith field, tavern-keeper, June 4 to 15, at eleven, at the Cuurt of Commissioners. BANKRUPTCY SUPERSEDED. William Hayward, Braintree, Essex, tailor. BANK RUPTS. Benjamin Biggs, Wa!worth, Surrey, surveyor, to sur render June 4, at one, 15, and July 13, at twelve, at the Court of Commissioners. Teesdale, Symes, and Weston, Fenchureh-street. Godfrey Young, High-street, Newington-butts, Surrey, upholsterer, June 8, at twelve, 15, and July 13, at eleven, at the Court of Commissioners. Thornbury, Chancery lane. Samuel Harvey, Bodmin, Cornwall, builder, June 23, 24, and July 13, at eleven, at the Queen's Head Inn, Bud min. Smith, Basinghall-street ; Wallis, Bodmin. William Holmes, Salford, Lancashire, ironmonger, June 14, 15, and July 13, at ten, at the York Hotel, Manches ter. Adlington, Gregory, and Faulkner, Bedford-row, London ; Thompson, Manchester. John Parker, Worcester, dealer in horses, June 10, 11, and July 13, at eleven, at the Star and Garter Inn, Worcester. Parker, Worcester ; Cardale and Newton, South square, Gray's Inn. John Macdonald, Knaresborough, Yorkshire, draper, June 14, at three, 15, at eleven, at the Crown Inn, Knareshorough, and July 13, at ten, at the Devonshire Arms Inn, Skipton. Dawson and Co., New Boswell court, London ; Taylor, Knaresborough. William Sadler, Dartford, Kent, lime-burner, June 8, 11, at eleven, and July 13, at ten, at the Court of Com missioners. Rush, Crown-court, Threadneedle.street. Thomas Marsh, Bath, mercer, June 16, 17, and July 13, at twelve, at the Christopher Inn, Bath. Jones, Crosby square, Bishopegate-street, London ; Hellings, path. DIVIDENDS. W. Thatcher, Stratton-ground, Westminster, victualler, June 25, at twelve, at the Court of Commissioners—C. T. I. Mawhood, Well-street, Wellelose-square, soap- manu facturer, June 15, at eleven, at the Court of Commis sioners—J. 11. De Alzedo, Bank-buildings, merchant, June 8, at twelve, at the Court of Commissioners—W. H. Stunt, King-square, St. Luke's, dyer, June 22, at ten, at the Court of Commissioners—W. R. and G. Jones, Davis's Lower Wharf, Potters-fields, Borough, whar fingers, June 22, at eleven, at the Court of Commis sioners—J. 31. Simmons, Lewes, Sussex, linen-draper, June 22, at eleven, at the Court of Commissioners—T. Foster, Maidenhead, Berkshire, draper, June 22, at nine, at the Court of Commissioners—C. Robinson, sen., New Brentford-wharf, Middlesex, wharfinger, June 15, at ten, at the Coart of Commissioners—R. S. Jobling, Duke street, Adslphi, wine-merchant, June 22, at ten, at the Court of Commissioners—J. Bartlett;Barnstaple, Devon shire, woollen-draper, June 22, at ten, at the Court of Commissioners—S. Want, Skinner-street, cabinet-maker, June 22, at eleven, at the Court of Commissioners—W. Wall, Great Tichfield-street, St. Marylebone, tailor, June 29, at ten, at the Court of Commissioners—J. Scott and 31. Ellis, Cateaton-street, warehousemen, June 22, at nine, at the Court of Commissioners—J. Smith, Caroline mews, Bedford-square, livery-stable-keeper, June 22, at ten, at the Court of Commissioners—F. Oldfield, Norton street, Tottenham-court-road, wine-merchant, June 22, at twelve, at the Court of Commissioners—W. Gutteridge, St. Alban's, Hertfordshire, brandy-merchant, June 22, at ten, at the Court of Commissioners—E. Bray, Mold-green, Kirkheaton, Yorkshire, fancy-cloth-manufacturer, June 24, at eleven at the Pack-horse inn, Huddersfield, York shire—W. Grant, Gosport, silversmith, June 24 at twelve, at the Crown Inn, Gosport—ll. F. Devey, T. Tickell, and J. Sanders, Goldshill, Westbronawicla, iron-manufac turers, June 29, at one, at the Royal Hotel, Birmingham —S. Fereday, Bilston, Staffordshire, banker, June 29, at eleven, at the Royal Hotel, Birmingham—W. Wild, Mumps, Oldham, cotton-spinner, July 12, at two, at the Palace Inn, Manchester—T. S. Petrie, Liverpool, wine. merchant, June 23, at twelve, at the Ciarenden Rooms, Liverpool—H. Wild, Hustead's Mill, Saddle worth, woollen-cloth-manufacturer, June 26, at one, at the York Hotel, Manchester—J. Newton, Pendleton, Lancashire, grocer, July 5, at three, at the York Hotel, Manchester—M. Goold, Swindon, Wiltshire, builder, June 24, at twelve, at the Bell Inn, Swindon—G. Loft, Woodbridge, Suffolk, corn-merchant, June 24, at twelve, at the Suffolk Hotel, Ipswich—S. Cattell, Coventry, ribbon manufacturer, June 22, at two, at the King's-Head Inn, Coventry—W. Spencer, Coventry, ribbon-manufacturer, June 22, at four, at the King's Head Inn, Coventry—E. Bray and W. M. Horsfall, Mold-green, Kirkheaton, York shire, fancy-cloth-manufacturers, June 24, at eleven, at the Pack-horse Inn, Huddersfield—S. Cooke, Coventry, ribbon-manufacturer, June 22, at two, at the King's Head Inn, Coventry. CERTIFICATES-JUN* 22. R. Babbitts, Heytesbury, Wilts, fanner—ll. Bird, Brighthelmstone, Sussex, linen-draper--J. Belshaw and T. Burrows, Manchester, machine-makers--C. M'Donald, Liverpool, surgeon—C. S. Taylor, Chip penham, Wilts, clothier. J. Brownell, Oxford-street, straw-hat-manufacturer—W. Selby, Standard-hill, Not tingham, lace-manufacturer—J. King, Austwiek, York shire, grazier—J. Bristowe, sen. Poole, spirit-dealer—S. Dovey and J. Cox, Church-street, Soho, tailors—C. Van drant, Brewer-street, Golden-square, engraver—W. Hart nell, Bristol, slate-merchant. PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED. W. T. Smallwood and W. H. Boyer, York-terrace, Com mercial-road, brass-founder—W. Goodwin and T. Meakin, Manchester-square, glass-cutters—R. B. Heygate and J. Abbey, Margate Harborough, Leicestershire, surgeons— W. Simpson, .1. W. Mewburn, and J. Miller, Peterborough, merchants—E. R. Le Mare and J. Cummins, silk manufacturers, Manchester—W. Legg and R. Ballard, Cross-street, Finsbury-square, paper-stainers--H. Hewitt and J. Williams, Manchester, tailors. ON THE CAUSES OF DEAFNESS AND DUMBNESS. Although the external ear is a very useful part, and tends to perfect the organ, yet it is not of such great importance as to produce total deafness by any disease to which it is liable, provided all the other parts are in a proper state absolute . ..deafness would not be the consequence of the absence of this portion ; affections of the meatus externus are more serious in their results and frequently prevent hearing, and if they occur in the early months after birth, and are not cured, deaf-. ness will be inevitable. The most frequent causes of deaf ness and dumbness in young children are obstructions of the Eustachian tubes, viscid mucus impacted in the meatus, herpetic eruptions, which so often afflict children at birth, or at the time of teething, also fevers, measles, small-pox, &c. Besides these sources, there are various affections of the membrane of the tympanuin, involving diseases of its cavity, its bones, and muscles, likewise affections of the labyrinth, mastoid cells, tumours, polypi, morbid septa of the passage, &e. In many children and grown persons deafness has taken place from previous affections of the throat influencing the state of the Eustachian tubes, and that this deafness has continued till some means of restor ing the throat and ear have been employed. It may be safely affirmed that, in a considerable portion of the deaf and dumb, this tube is either impervious from original malformation, or has been - rendered so by viscid secretions plugging up the orifice. This tube forms a slender pipe 1 merely sufficient for the passage of air leading from the cavity of the tympanum, exactly the same in use as the hole in a drum, the membrane of the tympanum being the drum head, and liable like it to tension and re laxation. Though every other part of the ear be per fect, as generally appears in deaf and dumb persons on dissection, yet if this perforation of the Eustachian tubes be wanting, the organ either cannot act, or but imperfectly, and that only by strong excitement from loud sounds, as the report of a gun, &c. —Extracted from Mr. Curtis's Essay on the Deaf and Dumb.—Longman and Co. THE FAMILY CLASSICAL LIBRARY.- Another volume of this cheap and useful publication has appeared. It contains the commencement of BELOE'S translation of llERonoTus, who has been justly styled 4‘ the Father of History," and to whom we are indebted for all that is known of the ancient dynasties of the Aledes, Persians, Phcanicians, Lydians, Greeks, Egyptians, and Scythians, whose manners, customs, and institutions he has faithfully delineated. His descriptions of Egypt and the interior of Africa, and more particularly of the course of the Niger, have been amply confirr ted by modern tra vellers. DroNysrus speaks of PIERCDOTUS as " one of those enchanting writers with whom you are never sa tiated." THEOPIIR.ASTUS s tys, "He carried the art of writing to perfection ;" and CICERO, who pronounces him to be "an oratorical as writ as poetical historian," con cludes with remarking, " that no eloquence ever pl.,aseil hint like MI." THE IRISH NEWSPAPEWRESS. (From the Dublin Morning Register of Monday.) We received yesterday the following letter from Mr. O'Connell : TO THE EDITOR OF THE REGISTER. House of Commons—Friday. Ms- DEAR SIR,-Announce trumpet-tongued, that the valiant Duke of Wellington perseveres in all his taxes— the newspaper stamps and all ! Sir John Newport saw him at one o'clock to-day, by appointment, and got the conclusive fiat of the " council of war"—that England should be relieved of taxes to the amount of 3,500,0001., and Ireland burthened with 300,0001., because she is, bless the mark, prosperous ! ! Is there any man in Ire- land so stupid as not now to perceive the value of a do mestic Legislature. Think you that any Parliament in Ireland could dare attempt to add, at such a moment as this, to the burthens of an exhausted and starving popu lation ? The Roy al Duke—for I think he should be so in name as he is in reality—said last year, that he would be mad if he looked for the office of Prime Minister. Was his Highness prophetic ? But look at home and see—now see the reason why " the friends of Ireland, of all religious denominations," were proclaimed down. This does, indeed, prove the sa gacity of those who would crush every organ of expres sion by which the feeling of Ireland could be exhibited. They paid us the compliment to avow our utility, even by the despotic act of suppression. Call on every county, town, city, borough, parish, and village to petition. Let there be no mincing of the mat ter ; let the petitioners declare, that whoever gives any support to such an Administration as this, is a practical enemy of the impoverished people of Ireland. I have always said, that the Wellington Administration was es sentially hostile to Ireland. Every hour convinces me more and more of this truth ; anJ yet if even one-half of the Irish Members stand together, we will beat the elo quent Goulburn, and candid Peel, and most luminous Wellington. It now depends on the press and the people to do their duty—" war to the knife" is proclaimed against us : one universal rally can alone ensure the defeat of those mis chievous measures. In baste, yonr's most truly, DANIEL O'CONNELL. My radical reform motion will be over in about an hour. NEWSPAPER PRESS. Previously to the adjournment of the Hotuke, a petition was presented from the Journeymen Letter press Printers of Liverpool, from which the follow ing are extracts : " The petitioners are of opinion that the heavy duties at present levied upon all newspapers pub lished in Great Britain, are not only highly injurious to the interests of the petitioners, but afford a most striking instance of the impolicy of excessive taxa tion ; according to statements made, as the petitioners believe, in the House (which statements, they pre sume, were founded on official documents), it ap pears that there are 334 newspapers, of which 20 are daily published, in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and that the total annual con sumption of newspapers in the United Kingdom, which contains a population of 23,000,000, is 27,827,000 copies ; that in the United States of America, containing a population of 10,000,000 only, there are 8,000 newspapers, 150 of which are daily, and an entire annual consumption of 64,000,000 copies ; that France has a daily circu lation of 70,000, while that of the United Kingdom is only 36,000, and that in Paris there are four papers, which circulate from 50,000 to 60,000 daily. The petitioners are fully aware that the newspapers published in the United States of America are not subject to any duty, and they attribute the great superiority of that country in the number of its newspapers, and the extent of their circulation, to the circumstances of their cheapness. Judging from the extensive circulation which the cheap editions of the Waverley Novels,' Constable's Miscellany,' the g Family Library,' the Classical Library,' Lardner's Cabinet Cyclopzedia,' the publications of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Know ledge,' and other popular works, have already ob tained, the petitioners presume to think that the trifling number of newspapers published in the United Kingdom, and their small circulation com pared with the population, is entirely owing to the heavy, and in their opinion almost prohibitory, tax which is imposed upon them—not to any indifference to political, literary, or scientific information on the part of the people, &c. " The petitioners feel confident that, if the duty on newspapers published in Great Britain be re duced to one-half its present amount, that is to say, from fourpence to twopence, not only would the cir culation, but the number also of newspapers in the United Kingdom be, in a short time, considerably more than doubled: the petitioner., therefore, humbly, but earnestly entreat the House, at an early period of its sitting, to alter the present Newspaper Stamp Act, by reducing the duty payable on each paper, from fourpence to twopence, which measure, the petitioners conceive, so far from decreasing the revenue of the United Kingdom, will prove highly advantageous to it, independent of the increase which would accrue to the revenue by the extra consumption of paper, and a t th e same t i me b e t h e m eans of affording employment to a great number of individuals connected with the printing business, who are now in a state of complete destitution. The petitioners are also of opinion that the present o ppressive duty imposed on all advertisements, cir culated in the United Kingdom, is highly injurious, not only to the interests of every class of tradesmen, but also to the proprietors of newspapers, who de pend upon advertisements chiefly for support, the circulation of a newspaper, unless very extensive indeed, scarcely c ove ri ng th e ordinary expenses of printing. If any proof were wanting of the im mense importance of cheap advertising, to every class of tradesmen, the petitioners would respect fully direct the attention of the House to the num ber of advertisements inserted in the American pa pers, the advertisements in those papers not being chargeable with any duty ; according to the statemen t before referred to, the annual number of the adver tisements in the newspapers of the United States is 10,000,000, whilst in those of the United King dom the annual number amounts only to 963,000, which, compared with those of America, is as one to ten, notwithstanding we have a population of more than double that of the United States, &c." THE UNDYING ONE !—Such is the title of the new poem by the fair authoress of Rosalie. 'We un derst and that the theme is one of great beauty and mystery, and that Mrs. NORTON has availed herself, in the construc tion of her story, of a tradition which presents more than ordinary capabilities for romance and poetry in their most varied and winning aspects. The dormant taste for poetry is thus likely to be reclaimed by a female pen. On Monday evening the daughter of Mr. THOMAS ANTHONY, merchant of Bideford, being on a visit to the worthy family of SAMUEL CaocaEn, Esq. of Ilickington, accompanied by his two eldest daughters, in taking an evening walk on Bickington-marsh, Barnstaple. river, unfortunately horn the high and rapid spring tide they got surrounded. Death staring them in the face, Mr. CROCKER'S second daughter attempted to cross the channel, followed by Miss ANTHONY and her sister, in which attempt she lost her life ; their dreadful shrieks and distressed situation were heard by two respectable lads, at a distance, of the names of / Lona% and LOVERING ; Mr. LovEarNu not being able to swim, young LODER gal lantly dashed into the river, whilst the former ran for a boat. Before they could arrive Miss A. CROCKER had sunk to rise no more; and to the heroic conduct of Mr. LODER (10 the two survivors one their preservation. He had beheld the fate of one of the three ; he then directed his attention to the two survivors. Miss ANTHONY sunk twice with him, at each time clasping him and pulling him under ; his undaunted ardour increasing in this scene of peril and danger, though lie was seen to sink with the two surviving ladies, he providentially got Miss AN THONY into shallow water, by grasping her by the hair of the head ; be with another effort secured Miss CROCKER. Between both ladies he remained cheering them till Mr. LovEarNat and a boat's crew arrived from Fremington-pill. Young LODER is but 16 years of age. The dere iced was a most amiable girl, about 16 years of age, the flower of a most worthy and respectable family, by whom the bereavement Is roost bitterly lamented, and who possess the sympathies of the whole village.—North Devon Journal. FOREIGN EIIELLIGENCE. FRENCH PAPERS. (From the Gazette de Frame of Smutty.) It is not true that diplomatic confer e nces are going on at Paris respecting the affair of Algiers, al some English and French Papers pretend. (From the Journal des Debate of Sunday.) The day before yesterday, the 27th instant, Tahir-Pacha arrived at Toulon. He is the bearer of a letter from the Grand Seignor for the King of France. He set off immediately for Paris. On hi° road from Constantinople he presented himself before Algiers in hopes of penetrating into the town; but the commander of the blockade having given him to understand that such a thing could not be allowed) he gave up his design. Tapir-Pacha had been sent, at the request of the English Ambassador, in order to endeavour to determine the Dey to give all the satisfaction re quired by France, that he might not expose his country to all the chances of desperate war. He voi furnished with full powers to fulfil, if necessary, the functions of mediator between France and the Re' gency of Algiers. On entering the port of Toulon, Tahir-Pache met the fleet, which was leaving it with very favour able weather. (From the Journal du Commerce of Sunday.) A Ministerial Paper of this morning says—" The Capitan Pacha presented himself before Algiers, la the hope of being able to enter that place, but the commander of the blockade having pointed out the impossibility of d&ng this, his ship made sail f or Toulon, where he arrived this day, at noon. Capitan Pacha proceeeds immediately for Paris.' (PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE.) ALEXANDRIA, APRIL 17.—1 n the morning of the 17th a boat, sent from an Egyptian frigate, which was cruising before the port, having on board Mr. Letellier, Mr. Jay, a Captain of Artillery, and his Excellency Osman Bey, the Major-General of the Navy, upset and foundered at the entrance of the port. The last-mentioned individual alone was brought on shore, whilst still breathing, and by great care his life was preserved; but the two un fortunate Frenchmen perished. Each of these officers leaves a numerous and unprovided family behind him in France. M. Letellier had just re' newed his engagement in the Paella's service. Il e was an old retired Capitaine de Vaisseau. Great movements have taken place amongst the troops for some time past in Egypt. It is en' nounced that 20,000 men line the sea coast. numerous park of artillery is likewise expected. Large quantities of musket and cannon cartridges are preparing at Cairo. It does not exactly appea r against whom all this is intended, as there is no longer any idea of proceeding to Algiers. It is said that these are precautionary measures, taken, at all events, on account of the expedition equipping et Constantinople, the precise destination of which i 5 not yet known ; but it may be seen easily that the proper moment has not yet arrived for the Porte. The building of ships is hastened with every pos sible activity. The workmen are stimulated with cudgels. The two 90-gun ships advance rapidly, as far as the want of materials will allow, at certaie times. After these are completed others will be laid on the stocks. The dock-yards are again to be enlarged; probably a basin for ship-building (a di"' dock) will be added thereto, in imitation of that st Toulon, which is to cost five millions, &c. But there is not copper in the Treasury to meet all these expenses. One hundred thousand quintals of cotton are owing to the old agents ; 11 months pay are due to the whole army, as well as to all the functionaries , and the crops are sold on the fields. Poor Egypt 1 (From the Gazette de France of Sunday.) A Memorial, signed by several of the richest merchants of the City of London, has been pre• vented to the Board of Trade, to request an arrange' ment being made with the French Government to organise the daily transmission of letters of estafette. Such an arrangement would be advantageous to both countries. 'We are, however, surprised that there is no idea of opening a regular co►nmunication between London and Paris by way of Brighton anti Dieppe, as by that route the estafettes would arrive much sooner than by the way of Calais and Dover. The postage of letters might be reduced in co me. quence thereof, and the passengers would arrive A t one capital from the other in 26 hours. THE M USS UL MA N.—TO those who are acquainted with Mr. Homes admirable tale of " Anasts' situ," the work just published under the above title cannot fail to afford a rich treat. The portraiture of Turkish life and character which it exhibits has, perhaps , never been equalled. The adventures of the hero, from his debut on the busy stage of life till his death, are of the most stirring and exciting nature, and irresistibly rivet the attention of the reader. The account Of MOHAMMED Au—the destruction of the Mamelukes--° the picture of the Bedouin warfare—the description of the Denise and of the Tabian Astrologer —are, indeed , among the most splendid delineations ever introduced i n to the pages of fiction. On the 21st December, WOLFF, the mis sionary, issued from Cyprus the following, among othee important announcements :—" The LORD JEsus Coatst will again appear on earth in the year 1847, to gather to gether the Jewish nation from all quarters of the world, to bring them back to their land. WELLINGTON the proud will be terribly punished, for having admitted into power the beast—l mean the church of Rome. Th e jewo shall rise in divers places, and proclaim salvation by crucified SAviona. Blessed are those who hear now th e name of JOSEPH WOLFF. SULTAN MANISIOUD, thou ar t a great man, but the war of Russia has prepared thy death ! another shall usurp thy place." AGRICULTURAL OBSERVATIONS FORJUNP —A succession of tares and turnips in the same year may be raised and consumed on dry land till it be made of any desired degree of richness. Turnips may be sown during the whole of this month. A second, and even a third , sowing of Swedes should be made, and hoed as soon a' they are in rough leaf, if the weather be not too dry" The cultivation in rows is excellent where the soil permit'' This month sainfoin clover and meadows are cut for hay , In mowing, make the labourers cut as low as possible ; grass never thrives well that is not cut close; and one inch at the bottom weighs more than several at the top. Shep that are kept in enclosures, and especially in a woodland country, should be examined every day, lest they be fly struck : in twenty-four hours it may be almost past cure , Melt some butter, and thicken it well with flower of brim; stone. A piece of the size of a walnut is to be rubbed between the hands and drawn along the back of the sheep. Maggots should be dislodged with a knife, and a small quantity of white lead put among the wool, so as to be shaken down to the wound. —Library of Useful _Know ledge. LYNN NEws.—The following ludicrous cir• cumetance is the general topic of conversation in tlii neighbourhood. Not a hundred miles from Lynn lived I two gentlemen, one of whom is a pill-maker alias drag' gist, the other an ironmonger, and each fixed his affect' tions on a young lady who resided nearly opposite to they in the same street, and whose charms they had therefor° frequent opportunities of observing. Cupid having lighted hi• torch in each of their bosoms, they both made over' tures to the fair maid, who, in accepting one, was plod under the disagreeable necessity of refusing the other. 1° short, Iron was successful, whilst poor Rhubarb ir o obliged to sigh in secret, and mix his moans with his the dicines. Such a prize, however, could not be given 1 1 1/ tamely, and, being a valiant youth, he immediately go t his rival a challenge, forgetting the sage counsel— ' What evils do environ The man that meddles with cold iron." This rather posed Iron, who was not cold, but hot. 0° thought that the most prudent as well as philosophi c course was to treat it with silent contempt, fearful lest should fall a sacrifice to the fury of his competitor. Yowl% Esculapius, therefore, found himself placed in a diffictd, dilemma—hie pistols were ready, and he was bimsei' willing to die in so glorious a conflict, if such should proY e the issue ; but his antagonist gave him no opportunity ° i f display the grandeur of his heroic soul, or the strength ° his unconquerable affection. He was advised to post hid as a coward, and in his distressing, heart-fluttering elite' mity, he wrote to London for the sage advice of ti's learned Editor of Bell's Weekly Messenger, who, in ti l ; plenitude of his oracular wi s d o m, pronounced it mat t valiant to lice for a lady than to die for one." Her e ' therefore, the matter sleuth at present, •+,1104(014 Chaniri°lll Brazil Brazil Ditl Real Dit Mute tank Canso Goy. Ditto, 4 per i Gov. Royal Gran, City 1 • • 5 Morn tinue of t 1 fe.6 the peac C two arril our cow retu retu corn The Yet.) eXp, sum Ilea off Pap of tb befor gush the - of t lay, sex e , loud t hroe that 22 p dolls gym COT] for and for: atil eiti, the Pre rao