The Sun. — London, England, 1863-04-29 00:00:00

JAMES' HOTEL, Co:11er of BERKELEY-STREET, Piccadilly. This 'HOTEL will be OPENED to the public on SATUR DAY, the 2d o f M ay next. . Manager -n. PRANCATELLI. By order, G. T. OLDFIELD, Secretary. Dated April 17, 1863. THE CARLOGGAS TIN MINING COMPANY (Limited). e Zistered under the Companies' Act, 1 - 62, whereby the liability of each Shareholder is limited to the amJunt of his Shares. Capital £15,000, , n 3,030 Shares of £5 each. Deposit 10s. cn Applic • tion and £1 on t llotment. DIRECTORS. pans James Hamilton, Esq., Rose Bank, Hanwell, Middie- Sex. John Kirkham, Esq., C.E. 109, Euston-read, N.W . Jaws Pearce, Esq , Threadneedle-Street, and Wimborne, Dorset. Theodore Richard Schweitzer, Etq. (11. T. Schweitzer and Co. , 26. Tho . ogmorton-street, E. r, Captain Benjamin \Yr glit, Heath Lodge, Clapham, BANKERS. The Metropalitan and Provincial Bank (Limited), 75, Corn hit', E.O SOLICITOR. James Bourdilion, PIE q. , 30, Great Winch:ster-:trcet. SECP , ETARY—Mr. W. Battye. OrricEs. 0, Great Winchester str et, E.C. P OSPE CTUS. This Company 's formed for the pur diase and working of the Carloggas Ti n Mi nes, s i tuated for the Pari-io of St. l' o tenliens, St. Austel, in the County of Cornwall, a district well known am , ,ng mineralogists as being r'ch in Tin Mioeral deposits. The sett is very extensive, end under le , se from Lady Grenville, for a term of twenty-one years, at a royalty of one-fifteenth. The promising character of the Mines to he worked by the Present Company fully ova , rants the expo tation that large returns w'lt be realised ; five Tin I odes are known to pass through the sett, and on one of which operations have been tarried on to some considerable extent by the former Workers. The Mine is cheated on the junct'on of Granite and Killaa, so favourable for the production of metallic minerals, parti- Milady Tin. The ancient excavations on the backs of the lodes give evi tlence that vast quantities of Tin have been raised on the property, and recent explorations demonstrate this sett to be Of no ordinary kind, it being merely a question of capital for rafulder development to bring it into a dividend state. The reports annexed are from men of long practical OE- Per , ence in the district ; their testimony as to the highly promising character of the property, and the great local ad vantages by which it is surrounded, wl,l be read with inte rest, and leaYing noshing, to be urged by the Directors, ex- Cept an assurance of their strong confidence as to its value, and that ere long it will bear comparison with aoy of the rich Mines opened in the district. A. contract has been entered into for the purchase of the property on most favouraole terms—viz., for £6,000 (.£2,500 in cash, and £3,500 in paid-up Shares). The capital of the Company is fixed at £15,003, in 3,r00 Shares of £5 each ; it 1,, however, estimated that zr per share bill be ample for all purp. ses, to place the 3111r3 in a profit able state, as immelate returns of Tin can be m 'de. The Company having been registered with limited liability, ho Shareholder can, under any circumstances whatever, be Made responsible for a greater amount than that of the shares to which he subscribes. A considerable portion of the capital has already been sub scribed. The Directors propose to commence operations when they consider a sufficient number of shares have been subscribed for. Applications for Shares to be made in the subjoined form. The deposit money of 'Os. per share to be paid to the Company's Backers, for which receipts will be given. If no allotment be made, the deposit money wall be returned in full, and f a less number be al ott d than is applied for the surplus will be used towards the payment on all tment. Prospectus s and forms of apnli',.ation for Share , and all further information, may be obtained at the Offices of the Company. T HE ROYAL SARDINIAN RAILWAY Guaranteed by the COMPANY. Italian Government. A Societe Anonyme ; the Liability of Shareholders Limited to the Amount of their Shares. Share Capital, R 1,000, 0, 0 sterling, or 2 5 .000,000 E, in 50,010 Sit , e of ..C . 20, or 5001., each, to bearer. With power to issue £2.0 0,000 Nominal Capital, in Obligations or Debentures. The Shares to be redeemed by lot, at par, out of the pro- Ceeds of Freehold Landed Estates granted to the Company ; to bear Interest at 6 percent. per annum during construction, and subsequently an estimated minimum annual dividend of Thirty-two Shillings (equal to eight per cent.) per share, based upon the Government Guarantee, and payable during the whole term of 93 years, on all shares, whether redeemed or not. Debentures or Obligations £2O, or 500 f. each ; To bear interest at 3 per cent. per annum, repayable by an nual drawings within -II years, at par ; to be issued at or 275 f. each. Every subscriber for Shares to have a pre ferential option of claiming two Obligations or Debentures for each S: - .are allotted to him. Com The se cur i ty f r the Capital and interest is a grant to the Crow pa n in ny in perpetuity of Freehold Landed, 00,000 hec Estates of the the Island of Sardinia, comprisin,!-`tares, or 980,100 English acres, and a distinct State Guarantee of a het annual revenue, or subvention, of 9,010 lire for each kilo- Metre of railway, equal to £5BO sterling per English mile, for the term of AD years. Deposit t per Sha re on app li cation. Further Payments, on Allotment, £2 per Share, and £1 per Obligation or Debentur Arrangements will be made with respect to further calls which will enable Shareholders to have the op ion of paying up a proportio i of their Shares and Obl gations or Deben tures in full. COUNCIL OF ADMINISTRATION IN ITALY. Honorary President —General Count Alberto Della Iklarmora. Marquis Gustavo di Cavour. AT trquis Iloyl di Villaflor. Signor Guisei pe Sanna-Sanna, Deputy of the Italian Parliament. DIRORS IN ENGLAND. Thomas Throes, Esq EC T , M.P. (Director of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway). Charles Bell, Esq. (Messrs. J. Thomson, T. Bonar, and Co.), London. 11. R. Grenfell, Esq , M.P. (31essr3. Pascoe, Grenfell, and Sons) London. I. LeoninO, EFq. (Messrs. r. LeoriPo and Co ), London. John Pender, Esq , 31P. Messrs. J. enderand Co.), Man chester. BANKERS. Messrs, Glyn, Mills, and Co., London. Messrs. Arthur Heywood, Sons, and Co., Liverpool. The Consolida`ed Bank (limited) Manchester. Sigel. Fratelli Bolmida, Turin. Siert Fratelli Leonino di D, Genoa. BROKERS. Messrs P. Cazmove and Co., 52, Threadneedle-street, London, E.C. Mr. Geo. E. Seymour, 38, Throgmorton-street, Lon don, B.C. Messrs. Hors - all and Addison, Liverpool. Messrs. Shore and Kirk, Manchester. SOLORS. Messrs. tircham. Dalrymple, lClT Drake, and Ward, London. Messrs. Littledale Ridley, and llardswell, Liverpool. ENGINEER. Mr. Benjamin Picrey, C.E., 28, Great George-street, West minster. INTERIM SECRETARY —Mr. J. J. Ridley. Temporary Offices—S, Copthall-court, London, E.C. The Government of Italy, desiring to deve'op the resources of the Island of Sardinia by the introduction of foreign capi tal in the construction of railways, have, by virtue of an Act bearing the Royal confirmation ender date of the 4th of January last, conferred the following valuable concessions, which have been purchased for this Company: First. The exelus've privilege of constructing railways in the Island of Sardinia. Scene d. A guarantee or sulwention for the lines now pro posed of 0,100 lire for each kilometre of railway, or £sBoster ing per En g li s h mile, per annum, net revenue, for a period of 29 years, payable as each Sec ti on i s opened for traffic; and, Third. An immediate g ant to the Company, in perpetuity and absolutely, of freehold landed estates. belonging to the Crown, in the Island of Sardinia, containing 200.000 hectare., or 480,000 English acres, the present value of which is offi cially returned at £500,080, but which it is manifest will be largely increased by the comp'etion of the railways. the Thcompae X5BO ra per mile net guaranteed in pr ocecome. together with comparatively low rentals nowproceeding from the landet estates, and amounting, according to the Governm, nt returns, to £24 000 p r annum, are equivalent to an annual dividend of at least 8 per cent. upon the total estimated cost of'tie railways. This will be seen from the following calcu lation : - Annual Income-- Guaranteed Net Revenue £5BO per mile for 210 miles £139,200 Present rent from the lands (suss. pt ble of increase) 21,0 0 stsl £163,200 Into ru payable o .C 2,000,000 Obligations or Deben,tures at £3 per cent. Estimated Di v id en d on 61,00 ',OOO Sh tre ital at £8 per cent 80, ( 00 - ---£140,000 Surplus income app',icible to the redemption of Debentures 'the special feature of this undertaking is, that while the Shareholders will receive an annual in:crest of 6 per cent. during the construction of the line, and a dividend of at IPast 8 per cent. thereafter on their capital, they will, at no dis tend date, have their capital repaid to them out of the pro s dot the Crown lands granted to the Company, and con tinue. t eless, in the enjoyment of the dividends during the n av eher of 9 years. The order i n w hi ch shares NI ill be paid off in this m anner will be determined by Inllot. T,ie estates are a tuated in various p , rts of the Island, and - will in great measure be intersected by, or in the neighb. ur hood of, the several lines of rdlway now pi . ojected, and also the event new roads about to be construct° by the Govern ment, or which purpose they have voted One Million Pounds ‘t ling. Some portions of the estrd.s are under till ge; a consid-rable extent consists of pasturage, and the remaining portions contain forests of oak and other valuable timber. From these forests the do.kyards of England, Prance, and Italy have for many years past derived and are now d.riving their supplies of the finest oak. Sardir is is extreme'y rich in minerals, particularly silver lead, copper, and ironstone, the latter of the highest quality. Resides thes minerals, the Island contains extensive coal fields, which will be developed by means of the intended t ail ways. Thu lines new projected will be single (with requisite sid ings and passing. places), and will be about 210 miles in length ; six years are allowed for their , ompletion. Theywill be pro ceeded with in the five following sections:- 1. Prom Cagliari to Iglesias, the centre of the mining eis iriet and Coil fields. 2. From Ca .diari to the city of Oristano. 3. From Oristano to Ozieri. 4. From Ozieri, through the city of Sam sari, to Porto Torres. Promo Ozieri to Terra Nova. Thus, throughout the whole length of the Island, will be estabiL heil a comp 'ete system of r a il ways , brinzing into i closer connexion the respective shores of the Mediterranean. The most eminent contractors in this country have care fully examined the detailed surveys and sections of the pro jected lines, prepared by the Company's En g i neer, and have offered to contract for their construction at a SU M w hi ch, after making prevision for all preliminary and contingent ex- Pcnses, wi 1 fall within the Mt unt of capital now proposed to be raised. Tito work:ng expenses of railways in Italy an l dPrance rarely average 42 per e e nt . of the gross receipts. his c Pany has stipulated for an allw.van - e of 5e ve ipfterceyneta.r,st, in castobein ereaseri to Oil 2-3 p er cen t . d ur i ng th e the gross receipts do not exceed 10.000 lire per kilometre. On the oth er h an d , the Government have reserved the op. lion of purchasing th e ra il wa y s, a t an y time after the expi• r , tion of 30 years. upon payment to the Company of the vale oi the rolling stock, Sro., and an annuity for the remainder of the tertn,of 9O years•• such annuity to b'! not less than the average net income of the five most productive of the last Pi.1;e4,43-hears, and not' less than the net income of the last year rri,Al. z Such purcha9'. f interest vi ill be payable half-yearly in London, Paris, Tra";,,,Vl Gen 'a. map, of ?.ted copies of the Act of the Ifltalian Parliament. with I:tended. r'alT; loland of ardinla showing the course of the IR dretia.ll, b" v4 Y . E 4 can be insp' ected at offices of Messrs. w . ; Brown's ,u o t A ~ , e ! prake, iVard, Parliament-street, -oiiiidt 6ms. Littledale Ridley, and Bards well, Forms or ~,,ZesthEioxehsnqe, Liverpool.' Brokers, ant n tor Shares may be obtained from the at the T In cases where . • ernpor try Offices of the Company. returned without a ' ll of moots are made the deposit will be eduction. FO WM Op APp To the Directors in, Afro FOR SITATIES. "'a of the Company. Royal Sardinian Railway Gentlemen, IfaviwZ I) ihl to your It ankers the sum of X , I hereby i.,:que,t that you will allot rne Shares " and g . ,-,1 ions" of £2O ea h "respetivei Ohli- Railway Company. and I herebr i ' the Royal Sardin an Shares " and Oligations," or an y sm a gliee to accept the said -r number that may be allotted to me, u- on the terms of tlia'lnaltatutes, to be arzreed upon by you with the Italian Coveren further deposit ot X 2 per Share upon the sh a ,',,aml toay the " and £1 per Oblht-ation upon the Oligations" allotted to nie B ,' at such time and in such a manner as you m Ay appoint. I am, Gentlemen, Name in full ......... Address in full ..... .. ......... Profession or business (If an;)::: Place of business ;it any) .. Date......... .................... , Applicants for Shares only, will strike out the words IqUOted" ill the Above form of application, N°. 22,100. THE BANK OF 0 cAGO (LIMITED). NEW ZEALAND. Incorporated under "'The Companies' Act. 1 , 62," which limits the Shareholder's liability to the amount r i his shares. Capital, C 50,000, in 5,00 Shares of £lOO each (with power to increase.) Dep sir, .£1 per Share on Application, and a further pay ment of £4 per Share on Allotment. Calls not to exceed £5 per £10') Share, nor to be mact.! at less intervals than three montlia. It is not intendal to c+ll u more than £5O per Share. Power is taken in the Articles of Assoc ation to reduce the nominal amount of the shares to such amount as may hereafter be deemed advisable. TEE SUN, LONDC Now ready at all the Libraries, hi 3 vols., T HE DE S E It I ED HOUSE OF HAWKSWORTH. " This story is uncommonly well told, and will be sera to please that large c ass or read rs who delight in startling incidents narrated in a piqua: , t , tyle."---Daily News. • ' - - - - "A novel of high clas character an.l ulexceptionablc talent."—Mes.3eni,rer. Name of Bank. Paid up Capital. Paid up IPresent Price per share. I per share. Hurst and Blackett, 13, GI eat Mar.borou,gli-street. Now ready, in 2 vols., 215., LIFE AMONG CONVICTIS, l'y the Rev. C. B. GIBBON, Chap! in in the Convi-t Service. Australasia V.ctoria Ne ktouth IV .les Uni n o' Australia London Chartered of Australia New Zealani 0,000 500,0( 0 7'0,000 1,000,0 1,000,00 250,000 Prospectuses, and Form; of Appl be oltained trom the Brokers, or at the Company. ication for Shama. may the Temporary Offices of "All (oncernel in that moment° - a wag n, the treat• ment of our convicts, may peruse with aiterest and hem - fit the very valuable information and the very useful su.4;.4es tions laid before them by Mr. Gibson in the most pleasant and In id manner possible."—Sun. Murat and B aekett, 13, Great Marlborough-street. N ORTH BRITISH AND MERCANTILE INSURANCE COMPANY. Established 1809. Incorporated by IZ oyal Charter and Special Acts of Parliament ACCUMULATED AND INVESTED FUNDS, £2,12'1,828, ANNUAL REVENUE, £422,401. LONDON BOARD. John White Cater, Esq., I P. du Pre Grenfell, Esq. Chairman. A. Kloekmann, Esq. Charle Morrison, Esq., De- John Molle t, Esq. puty hairman. J nius S. Morgan, Esq. A. De A rrovave, Esq. G. Garden Nicol, Esq Edward Cohen, Esq. ,Tohn 11. Wm. Schroder, Esq. James du Buisson, Esq. G eorge Young, Esq. EX - DIRECTORS. A. 11. Campbell, Esq. I R o b ert Smith, Esq. P. C. Cavan, E sq . Frederic Somes, Esq. P. I'. Raid, Esq 3lannger of Fire Department —GeorgA H. Whyting. Manager of Life Department—W. F. Birkmyre. Superintendent of Foreign Department—G. H. Burnett. Secretary —F. W. Lance. General Manager—David Smith. FIRE DE PARTMEN The Company pa- ints Insurances against Fire in the United Kingdom, and all foreign countries. Mercanthe Risks .n the Port or London accepted at re duced rates. Losses pr'mptly aril liberally settled. Foreign R'sks.—The Director=, having a practical know ledge of foreign countries, are prepared to issue Polices o❑ the most favoura',le terms. In all cases a discount will be allowed to Merchants and others effecting such Insurances, LIFE DEPARTMENT The following Statement exhibits the improvement effected during the las few years : No. of Policies Issued. Sums. P rem i ums. IQSI 18'9 -5 18 0 741 .. 4'5.610 1811 785 • 527,6 '6 1862 1,('67 ..... 768,334 Thus in five years the number of Policiei issued was 3,623, assuring the large sum of £2,928 917. 'I he lending features of the Office are:- 1. Entire Se urity to Assurers. 2. The large Bonus additions already declared, and the prospect of a further Bonus at the neat investiga tion. 3. The advantages afforded by varied Tables of premiums —unrestr cted conditions of Policies—and general liberality in dealing with the A ssured. Forms of Propo.al and every information will be furnished on application at the HEAD OFFICES • LONDON. 58, Threadneedle-street. 4, New Banktreß. EDINBURG!'" .64, Princes-set.uildings West End Office-8, Waterloo-place, Pall-mall. MR. ALEX. J. RUSSELL, Secretary. NOTICE. AT ODDS, the New Novel, ty the Author of "The Initials" ands" Quits," in 2 vas., prat Bvo., is now ready at all Booksellers and Libraries. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. TFIE PATRICIAN PUBL I C A N—Lord Adolphus P. C. W. Vane Tempest—The Federal Camp, &c., ate., in " FUN " this week. One Fenny. MR. T. CARRICK begs to announce to his Artist Friends and the Public, that his Photographic Est tblishment, 32, RegeLt-street, Piccadilly -circus, now in fell operati.n. Cartes de Visite, 10 'or 10s. Od. ; 21 for .£l. Miniatures on Ivory, Marble, and the Photographic base in his former styles. °ARDS FOR THE MILLION.—A CoppPr- Nj Plate engrave) (any Style), 5) BEST Cards printed pest free. 50 WOcling" Envelopes, 2s. A. GRANGER, 368, High Holborn, W.C. PECTACLES.--The Patent Newly-invented kJ Tinted Spectales are patronised by the majority of the Nobility, includin.cz Viscount Palmerston. They afford extra ordinary re,ief to weak. dip, and detective vision.—S. and B. SOLOMON S, Opticians, 39, Albemarle-street, Piccadilly. PHEASANT REARING AND BREEDING. —Aromatic Spanish Meal, Super. Greaves and Caycar Excelsior, the only roper food for rearing and feeding Game and Poultry, sold only by JAMES CHAMBERLIN, who will send tree, on application, a Book containing the most valu able inlzmation, with Remarks of Gamekeepers and Fo..ltry Hearers—Setting, Hatching, Feeding, etc. Address, MR. JAMES CHAMBERLIN, Foreign Wine Merchant, Norwich. S T E 0 E ID ON: Patent, March 1, 1862, No. 560. GABRIEL'S Self-adhesive Patent Indestructible MINE RAL TEEM and FLEXIBLE GUMS, without palates, springs, or wires, and w ith ou t operat i on. One set lasts a lifetime, and WARRANTED FOR MASTICATION and A lITICULATION, even when all others fail. Purest ma terials only, at hall the usual cost. Messrs. GABRIEL, the old-established Del tists, 27, HARLEY-STREET, CAVENDISH-SQUARE; 34, LUDGATE-HILL, LONDON ; 85, NEW-STREET, BIRMINGHAM; and 134, DUDE-STREET, LIVERPOOL. Complete Scts, 4 to 7 and 10 to 15 guineas. One visit only required from country patients. Gabriel's Practical Treatise gratis. Consultatlpng free. A NEVER FAILING REMEDY.- Dr. SCOTT'S BILIOUS and LIVER PILLS, pre ftrett without any mercurial ingredient, from the recipe of Dr. rott, of Bromley, Kent, will be found Invaluable to all who -utßr from bilious and liver complaints, indigestion, wind, • -palms, giddinss, dizziness of the eyes, & c. For habitual ostiveness, as a family aperient medicine, and as a purifier ,t the blood, they m il a excellent ; mild in their opera tion and grateful to the stomach, they create appe ite, Pro' ditreStiOn. and strengthen the whole nervang system. T o o l t d e b y Ns- . Lambert, P, King William -street, Charinz-cross. London, and by most druggists, in boxen,ls. lid., and three he Quantity ip. one, 2s. 9d. Be sure to ask for Dr. ti me s t..., , i ' v A r V ' P I IL I m s . LTahmebYretn, it ' il e n n e gr a a r v e e d a on sq u t a ll e e green pa° , „ stamp. liikliio,oes,anwditLh Scott's RUI"fIIRES.—BY ROYAL LETTER,P ATEN7 , W HITE'S MOC-MAIN LEVER TRUSS (PERFECTED AND EXHIBITED IN GREAT rxritRITIONS OF 1851 AND 1Q62), is allowed by jr wl! ds of Two H m Hundred Medical Gentler to he the most el nvention in the curative tre atment of if E NIA, The use of a steel springy, so often hurtful in its eirecii r 4, .r, ' s here avoided — a soft bandage being worn round the ••wly, while the requisite resisting power is supplied by the iToc-Main Pad and Patent Lever, fitting with so much ease ,nd closeness that it cannot , be detected, and may be worn tiring sleep. A descriptive c ircular ma y he had, and the suss, which cannot fail to fit, forwarded by post, on the eir nimferenee of the body, two inches below the hips, being Qent to the MallllffhetUreF, Mr. WHITE, 225, Piccadilly. A Single Truss, 165., 215., 265. f&, and 31s. 6d. Postage, ls. -4 Double Truss, 31s. 6d., 425., and 525. 6d. Postage, is Bd. ku Umbilical Truss, 425. and 525. Bd. I'ostage, ls. 10d. Post-office Orders to be made payable to John White,`Post• pffice, Piccadilly. NEW PATENT ELASTIC STOCKINGS, KNEE-CAPS, (tc., for Varicose Veins and all eases of Weakness and Swelling of the Legs, Sprains, &o. They are Porous, light in texture, and inexpensive, and are drawn on lilre an ordinary stocking. Prize 4s. 6d., 7s. 61, 10s., to 16s. each. Postage 6d. J0111%.T WRITE, Manufacturer, 228, Piccadilly. '..........4d. STAMPED ....sd. , issist.-erigineers, to the Orontes; W. Scott, act ing assist.-engineer, to the Orontes ; E. J. Hum phrey and T. W. H. ItlrnEey, acting aesist.-engi cerrest,atroy t t h o e 1 0 1 e r a o r n . m ; j a r n a d i y j "i t \ 0 1. 1 . 3 . h B I e . y, to be TIIE ARMY. On Monday a detachment of two officers and 1G rank and file left the camp at Colchester for the purpose of receiving► rifle instruction at the Hy the School of Musketry. The ricers accomp-nyirg the detachment are Capt. Cleveland, of the 980 , , and Lieut. Safford, of the 97th Rtagicnents. SPIRIT or THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. THE ANTIQUITY OF MAN. Tom Huckaback on Public, Schools. Po and, Sleswick Holstein, &c., &c. In SATURDAY NIGHT, No. 57. ONE PENNY. EO, Fleet-street. Timss.—As the vessel of the American common wealth labours more and more heavily in the revo lutionary ocean on which, in an evil hour, she has embarked, the tendency to separation between her straining timbers becomes daily and hourly more manifest. Interesting and exciting as passing events may be, the future begins to occupy more of men's minds than the present ; and while we hear nothing but the most frantic declarations that the Union must, shall, and will be preserved at the cost, if ne cessary, of the depopulation of half a continent, and the slavery of the other half, the action) of men are beginning to show how little confidence they repose in their own most solemn declarations. Of course, by the Constitution of the United States, that Go vernment to which everybody is so loudly profess ing unconditional loyalty has supreme power over foreign relations of the Republic, and it is only through it that foreign nations can be approached. Liverpool and Glasgow have exactly as much right to establish diplomatic or quasi diplomatic relations with France and Russia as Illinois or Michigan to open negotiations with the British Government. Yet this, or something very like it, has actually been done. We have now before us a paper ad dressed to the Governor-General of Canada, signed by five influential citizens of Illinois, among whom we observe the name of Mr, Osborn, the President of the Illinois Central Railway, which looks ex ceedingly like an attempt to establish on a plausible basis the means of a regular diplomatic communica tion between the State and the Colony. We are the more strengthened in this conviction from the very earnest disclaimer with which the document ends. " We come," say those who sign it, "not intending to transcend the limits of our power, and care. fully avoiding the assumption of any other func tions of the Federal Government in its interna tional relations, but to present to the Provincial Government of Canada, and through it to the British Government, such facts concerning the vast resources of the North-Western States, their capacity for the production of the cereals, and the difficulty of reaching tide water with their product, as will tend to the opening of direct trade between those States and Liverpool." The Commis sion must be delicate indeed which requires to be so expressly guarded. The authority is nothing less than an act of the Governor and Legislature of Illi nois authorising the Commissioners to proceed to Canada, and to England if necessary, in order to present statistics of the trade and productions of the North-Western States, and to solicit from those Governments early consideration and early action on the subject. The case is a wonderfully strong one, and though the fact of such a mission having been sent to enforce it might pass without observa tion in times less eventful than those in which we are living, the remarkable coincidence between this movement and the events which seem to prove that the North-West must give up for the future the hope of seeing the Mississippi again open to their commerce, seems to point to motives yet more ur gent than a mere wish to increase an already exist ing trade. The North-West, in fact, seems, however tardily, to be awakening to the real urgency of its situation. It has taken upon itself, with a gallantry equal to its ill-fortune, the task of fighting the bat tle of the whole Confederacy. It has bled freely at every pore, without receiving any of the consolation which the public plunder has afforded to the fervid patriots of New York; and the return which it re ceives for its gallantry and devotion is that it has alienated the South, who are its natural customers, without any hope of restoring that Union for which it has fought and bled. The North-West seems to have arrived at the conclusion that nothing but a ship canal which shall open the furthest extremities of Lake Huron and Lake Michigan can enable it to pour its produce on a scale commensurate with its abund lice into the lap of Europe. The canals at pr uge r pag the Lake States with the 1 eite ','llttrazu :o . are smog, - eitialiow, and, _though _ fit j for la -e craft, -quite unsuited- for sea-going vessels.' The railway communication is entirely inadequate, and large quantities of Indian corn are described as left in sheds, one of which was two miles long, by the side of the railways, from the harvest of one year to the h:.rvest of the next, be cause the railway is unequal to the transport of so vast a mass of food. In 1861 the United States — which may for this purpose be considered to mean the North-Western States since the Eastern States consume more corn than they produce—imported into England alone 2,507,744 quarters of wheat, 1,723,334 quarters of Indian corn, and 3,794,865 hundredweights of flour, the whole of which are computed to have been sold in England for £12,643,918. But this wheat, flour, and Indian corn was worth in Chicago only £4,817,567, so that the difference between the value at Chicago and the value in London is no less than £7,826,351. The freight from the North-West to Liverpool is, on wheat, one-half its price ; on flour, one-third ; and on Indian corn, seven-eights of its price. It is calculated that were a ship canal to be made, so as to allow direct communication, without transshipment, between Chicago and Liverpool, the grain might be brought to market for one-fourth of its present price. But this calculation, stupendous as it is, fails to give the least idea of what we may reasonably expect the future to be. The State of Illinois is the most thickly peopled of these regions, and yet even there only one-tenth of the arable land which it possesses is under cultivation. Its surface, naturally cleared, watered by noble rivers, and pos sessing the same rich quality of soil as that which made the deltas of the Nile, the Ganges, the Euphrates, and the Tigris, the seats of the earliest civilisation known to us, is capable of yielding through almost any number of years ten times its present amount of grain. In ordinary times such statements as these would fill the hearts of all patriotic Americans with joy and exultation. Their lot, has, indeed, fallen in pleasant places. They are the heirs of all ages, and have come in the fulness of time to reap a glorious inheritance, such as never fell to the lot of any other people. Unfortunately, man has lent himself with almost unexampled perversity to mar and destroy the blessings which nature tries in vain to shower upon him. It is proposed that the canal should be cut from Lake Huron to the Ottawa, and it is estimated that the expense on the canal, together with the deepening of the river, would amount to some £4,000,090. But where is the money to come from P It is not likely that Canada would contribute largely to such an object—first, because she is only incidentally inte rested in its completion, the persons mainly hi n te d : rested being the producer and consumer ; ec a and secondly, because a long course of extravog 0 iraluwhich, waste has reduced Canada to a P • °s r 0 -r ; contribut on her own showing, she is ineape or however ing to any object, however necessaryniw ays capital for beneficial. In England there is l u s t a far less brilliant any undertaking which hel ! a is more improbable than prospect, and yet nothingib n si o n t gl h e o f p a e rt t h o ing . for that England should con . tri America m u u te st a and the enjoy such a purpose. she excitement of civil war at the same time . If she offers human hecatombs blessings of trio,p demons of strife to and \s ar, she every day with the ' m ust content herself satisfaction. if the North are still bent on restoring the U • mon, at whatever price,extending their ve and to the mouth of the Mississippi, let theta • tem abide by their election, and give up as Worse than hopeless t h e chance of carrying their trade d the Sa L sverence. What Englishowl' the waters of frantic enough to sink its company will be every one's attention is capital in a land whet e thought of how to alienate, single mm etc his neighbour P to ruin, and to eater that we cannot believe These things are so evident have the men of Illinois would openednegotiations on the subject had they intended to stay fact , • • ' exactly as they are. The very o; their insisting so loudly on the necessity of further openings for their produce seems to show that, whatever may be the case in New York, there is on the still peaceful plains of the West a disposition to look with no unfriendly eye on the restoration of peace upon the basis of exist ing boundaries and rights. It is very singular to find that while in the East the estrangement from England is growing greater and greater every day, that estrangement seems to be counterbaTanced by a desire in the 'West to draw closer to this country. These are the first faint indications of tendencies which may be destined to play a prominent part in the history of the future. The point to England, as a great American P owe r, and pow SOCIETY OF FEMALE ARrlSTS . —S eventh Year.—The EXHIBITION is now OPEN, at the society's New Gallery, No. 48, Pall-mall. Admittance, is. ; Catalogues, 6d. ELIZA DLINDAS MURRAY, Secretary. SAWYER'S FAMOUS LONDON DINNER FOR THIS DAY. At 2s. lid. each Person. SOUPS. Green Pea. Vermicelli. FISH. Mackerel, Maitre d'Hotel. Fried Soles. ENTREES. Veal Cutlets, sauce Tomate. Quenelles ala Rehm JOINTS. Roast Beef. Roast Mutton. SWEETS. Cabinet Pudding. Maraschino Jelly. Cheese and Salad. An extensive and carefully selected stock of FRENCH, RHENISH, MOSELLE, and other WINES, imported ex pressly for the London Dinner. THE LONDON, 191, FLEET-STREET. CANTERBURY HALL AND FINE ARTS GALLERY. NOTICE.- ENTIRE CHANGE OF ENTERTAINMENT LES FRERES ATHOS. From the Carignan heatre, Turin. Master EDWIN SAUNDERS, the Child of Song. THE NEAPOLITAN MINSTRELS. GRAND SELECTIONS from OPERAS, GLEES, and CANTATAS. Principal Artistes —Miss Russell, Miss Townley ; Mr. Green, and Signor Tivoli. Conductor, Mr. Jonghmans. The celebrated UNSWORTH'S NEW SI UMP SPEECH, The only Negro Orator of the day. EUGENE and DULEY, with new Eccentricities. ARTHUR LLOYD, Miss SA UNDER S, and Mr. HILTON, the Comic Ventriloquist and Modern Magician, EVERY EVENING. Adm:ssion—Hall, ed. ; stalls and balcony, ls. T H 0 X F OR D, e, OXFORD STREET. THIS EVENING. Auber's Grand Opera, MASANIELLO. GOUNOD'S FAUST, And the New Cantata, by Herr Meyer Lutz, " HERNE THE IIUNTER," Supported by Miss Russell, Miss Oesten, Miss Townley, &C. ; Messrs. Albert, Green, Bernardi, Huish, Kimberley, &c. with full band and chorus. Conducted by Mr. Jonghmans. Drew Dean's Flute Solos UNSWORTH, the modern Demosthenes. Eugene, W. Randall, J. Hutchenson, and the mat venous ARTII R and BERTRAND. " These two Parisian clowns have carried the art of tumbling to apparently the highest pitch of perfection, and it is impossible even for the most staid of visitors to avoid being amused by their original gambols. They elicit shouts of laughter and applause."—Times, April 7, 1863. 31.' ULLIEN'S PROMENADE CONCERTS. At the ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmill-street, Piccadilly. Continued success of J. LEVY, the celebrated Cornet-a l'iston ! Every Evening a Grand Operatic Selection from Verdi's Opera, IL TROVA TORE—Solos, Cornet-a-piston, by Mr. J. Levy—Messrs. llorton, Tyler, King, Snelling, and Mosca. Revival of the Scotch Fantasia and Irish Quadrille, by M. Jullien. Der Freischutz, Masaniello, L'Etoile du Nord, &c. Doors open at Eight o'clock. Admission, ls. Manage'', Won't: VRENET. THE LONI)ON ANATOMICAL MUSEUM, containing the Wonders of Nature and Art. shown by innumerable Models, illustrating every part of the Human Frame ; together with a variety of Natural Preparations, Malfoi mations, Monstrosities, Nc. ; also the Moving Ana tomical Dying Zouave, and other life-size figures. Open daily from 11 to 10, for Gentlemen only. Admission, One shilling. Entrance-44 A, Maddox-street, Regent-street, London, W. Illustrated Catalogue, free by post for 12 stamps, sealed 20, Explanations throughout the day. Lecture at 4. Address the Secretary, as above. ..,/z ) k--- -- --‘---r--- - --- 1- "e ----- Z --, e-- ---- 4 :e - ' / " C a i NE - WS. , •., ....-.-- ' • - I . 07 ... \ ... _,..0 ' 4 4L I:" - - , 3171.: ' • 44 : 1 11 ' ''' A CL 7: 1 4 2('' • A: 4., ..' . ~...-.•, 2 ~.. .t , s4.___ ~..,X1 1.: 7" 2r 411.. " ll '''. .. ~- 7 7 the ti le America shall have a pal _ ... ~. —-. ..,:r . O. _ 4. , - __ ~. , ._. ...:,-, ~S, Ip„S ....... s i d, , 1 .1 1 ,6.` _ - - Ea- ~ as varied and as complicat sillittktO` 4 - ..„-.......,_4(:) ,, , ill '' ''---- ;' ; r y ~,, ,, , , ,,,720 , 4 w; -: •. 4 .'........,,,k \ -- 7, , \- 1 4451,„' - t . ) . ~ ... 1 / 4 ,,,................... , - : .- :g.„,::,,:7 - - , b. -,,:, 4' ''... ' ')" "-. fr —'3 \ \k'''' .4414 2 .51 Europe. It is useless to ..?uteulate al `-flicr—kir -- : i .r L. 6 4: 4. ~. 1,.... : n .40 , ..,... diency of such a state of tnicse, for it'ist-ciegii§ in. ~- ~ A 77„.4E, „ ---,iog". ‘..-04- • , ~.. • ...,.,.. • ..- .., DIE i' x '''' 4 l lON --- 0 ' • fit - ' ,n,...-A...,.. '',.. inevitable. All we can desire I:1 that tLe c1=14::;( "'''‘, - • • Itt 1 4 . 0 , 04,, A - -or.orr. o\\\ ` - 42 1.,-.',.t . f. - -c... ' - .." . which is corning may be allowed to ta%e piae , , without two or three more years of rruitless misery and wanton bloodshed. HERALD.—The great difficulty in the way of 14 satisfactory solution of the Polish question, the main obstacle which must impede any negocistions of the Western Powers with the Emperor of Russia, is the visionary nature of the claims which the insurgoatrs 80t forward, and less than which they are deteze mined not to accept. So long as they dream of the+ reconstitution of the ohl kingdom of Poland, es it existed before the first partitioe, they tlieteselvee are raising up a barrier which trust alienate frone them the moral support o f t h e E uro p ean P owers e Though the du metnber men t of Poi qed in 1702 be a c:ime of the deepest dye, yet it is scarcely /1107 e *4,, or lees a fruit accompli, than the annexation of time Duchy of 'err aine by Preece but a few years pre risset.e, in 17CG. \Ve can neither in the one C3EO nor in the other proceed to n Ince th e co ,, fL , ores _ tier.] of European countries as thay were before the , lime of Frederick the Great. The restoration of Poland wiJiin its encient rail es ould nor he prec tcable, Any of the st cc rat mops ot Poleed 1.: ely published enables one at a g ‘ l s:l l :a c t ei t l i e le rti , f s. r , ( 4, s s h 6 t e l ni .e n rn i., L n a i n o d re e an t d hi t ij o k steheedsiastmine g eti l y ance wi!l coueince ell hut the most advanced Liberals t Let their c l a i ms ,„. e of the most Utopian nature. The c y all c: d cu th ld e p t r a o k v e in fLo o m f F. Pru se s n sia b inA t m he e l r v e i l l y oi ss e - h o a t t th is e n a o r7cient duchy. ( xtending o , u,t as far as the Baltic, and embracing most of the coast: line of the Gulf of Dantze, thus not only depriving her of one-fourth of her dominions, but completely dividing East Prussia from its sister provinces. 'To all this territory there is not the slightest doubt that the Poles can show the strictest title in law, but as a Statute of Limitations applies in ques tions of pri vate right, so it must obtain in the affairs of nations. An undisturbed possession of nearly a century has given Prussia, as a kingdom, right which it would. ill become most of the continental Powers of Europe to dispute, and has effected such material changes, not only in the ownership of property, but in the race and language of the inhabitants, that its re union to Poland would be no less an injustice than was its original severance. From Russia Poland claims a territory of four times the extent of the " kingdom" known to the Treaty of Vienna. The Poles insist on ignoring that Lithuania and Little Russia are Russian provinces ; that the peasantry — the great bulk of the population—is not Polish, but Russian in race, religion, and in the sympathy which naturally springs from these two powerful connect ing links; that the soil has only been appropriated by Polish landowners in defiance of the first article of the compact entered into when Lithuania and Poland were united by a family alliance between their respective Sovereigns ; and that during the period that ensued Western Russia was subjected to Polish rule by no other right than that of con quest, by no other law than that of force. There is not an atrocity which has left its stain on the his tory of Nicholas to which the parallel cannot be found in the cruelties of the Polish Kings on their Russian subjects. The persecution of the Latin religion by the Czars would find its match in the bloody annals of the suffering Greek Church, which contributed its victims to the stake as lately as the beginning of the last century. If Nicholas deprived the Poles of all political freedom, it was a Polish Diet which reduced by one edict every Cossack of the Ukraine to a state of absolute slavery, and pro voked that insurrection under Sulima, which ended in the living impalement of its chief. We do not wish to muster up in long array the crimes and cruelties of Polish conquerors against the con 4uered Russians with any view of striking a balance be tween the two accounts. We wish only to remind our readers that the tenure by which Poland held Lithuania and Volhynia, from its first absorption to its ultimate reconquest by Russia, was the tenure of the sword. So long as Poland asserts claims to this large portion of Russian territory she herself is her own greatest enemy. The Emperor Alexander would give the most favourable consideration to any propositions emanating from the Western Provers on behalf of Poland proper; he would spontane ously long ago have still further extended the liberal institutions of which we have in a former article given a faint outline, if it were not self evident that any such grants would produce the very opposite effect to that contemplated. Instead of satisfying the Poles, it would only stimulate them to attempt to make good their pretensions to Russian soil. Any real power he might bestow on them, such as the tight of granting supplies and determining the levies of troops, would be putting weapons into the hands of a bitter enemy, who would most certainly use them to gain those ulte rior objects which they do not hesitate to profess without disguise. The kingdom of Treaty Poland is not a sourco of strength, but an inherent cause of weakness to Russia. The disaffection of the Polish nobility is an element of calculation in every hostile combination against her. Apart from the claims of justice ands (pity, she wouldslacily con sent tb a : considerable sacrifice to be relieved of A constant drain on her resources and a perpetual clog to her internal development and progress. But whilst the Poles not only privately foster but openly profess their determination to recover their usurped dominion over Russian provinces, whilst every concession of power would be giving them a locus stanch, and a handle which they would not fail to use against the interests of Russia as a nation, neither can the Emperor Alexander grant, nor the Powers of Europe reasonably claim from him, such concession. This is not merely a question of go vernment and of diplomacy. There is a strong public opinion in Russia, a public opinion which the free institutions the Czar has introduced throughout the length and breadth of his do minions renders capable of asserting itself. That public opinion has long been favourable to the recognition of the real rights of Poland. It is in accon:ance with it that the Czar, unsolicited by any foreign power, has so largely developed the system of self-govern ment in the kingdom, removed many restrictions of the censorship, encouraged and endowed the Na tional Church, founded seminaries for the education of Catholic and United Greek priests, has estab lished secular schools of all degrees,has again thrown open the gates of the University of Cracow, has filled the offices of the civil administration with Polish functionaries, and, in a word, within the limits of the kingdom, has favoured in every pos sible degree the development of the Polish na tionality. But the moment the Poles assert claims to any part of territory, in whatever light we view it, really Russian, that current of public opinion which no monarch in the nineteenth century can neglect if he would, sets equally strong against them. It is not only from the Provincial Diets of the Russian nobles and from the municipalities of the towns that the strongest addresses have been presented to the Czar, but the working classes, the peasants emancipated by his beneficent policy, have rushed in thousands to publicly testify their devoted readiness to oppose any attack on the national tegrity. We have seen at Moscow 10000 WorkingPodoliathere men assembled for that purpos e. beent the t scene of one of those religious demons tra tions .. is scarcely a village whose church hlansno Immense religious processions Russia and Poland. . which public feeling delights to manifest itself in offering have been formed, and t the shrines of the sa i nts forthronged keep eyestheir fixed orwe - : 0 11g lo a n B g by "Pl ; lian gi their attack,g upn prayerswdat the success of their . arms against they cons ider . future frueca'ne 0 ,,,, 4 , realisationheiilsurg insurgents an impossible as they couple the cause of their own they with the pretensions to e • - ons exercise over Russian province , i, possibility of usurped power not only bar any n success, b avert airy pra c ti ca l E , ut they must cause. ,3 mpath- of E JEurope from their shall tal ilnnlbeenDAlLYlee lamentedne edhavesunnecessary ri ye ]. a , . w ' v delay, o S dr . • Prince.— - - k upon the style Prince Consort has and character of the . .e final decision of the Queen it 3 everywhere m a ) e an expressed jcet s. that a ri ni g e h m t he L.atsotel sub , given pleasure to all o c r c h i l o a a i l s c ° s e e i s h th a o e s f monument s,--The Thein harmonyopinion once pu w b i l t i h o that Now in . that the 11 al em i o n r d i e a c l is C io r n osa is wa at character and with that of the will t be ha c s arr b i e e e d n forward deemea without proper that the laying of the foundation of the memorial tihould he a public and ceremonious ac;. Such an office belongs by pre ernim tit right to the Queen, cot less in virtue of her high personal interest in the memory to le perpetuated than es the hest representative of the frelings of the naticn, and f w Er ° have reason to believe that b. fore the summer is ward advanced we shall see the Queen c oming fors tbis and associating herself with th;ucooutn trry:spa„ii,g. sacred duty. We think that Queen'it w hich public on thvt perfect liberty of *t the to be infringed , we ,Ta y opinion would nevPr Perm' arnest hope that the per express the respectful " t t e mgy mark a n„cv 1- : (1 - 1 , d formance of this act of pi . e met her people, will having once more Eeclution, but remain thence ! withdraw herself into them as aforetime to countenanc e forward among i re the testimonies of their their social life, and receive constant affection. ---. in the Queen's public lid, and thatlit:rn(l‘)tlaajegsati3n,, Importing inferior l eaves as in the usual e p tl as w si i n t g hout colour on the l ea f pre. ki n ds. Hornim an ' s Tea is uncoloured, th ere f ore, always good alike. Sold in packets by 2,280 agent s , venllsTerCtihnignera re Pi I.P E R z sq't\-144 e b DIRECTORS. G. H. Donaldson, Esq. (Messrs. Donald:rn, Lambert, and o.), I iircctor of the Apra and Un ted Service Bank Limited. Alexander Lang Elder, Esq., Fenchurc I Buildin. s (Director of the English, Scottish, and Australian Chartered Bank.) S. B. Edenbnr. - nob, Esq., (Messrs. S. B. Edenborough &Co.), Director of tit , linpe ial Bank Limited. John Ihrbottle, Esq., Alderman's Walk. Alexanthr Morrison, t'sq , Pengelly Douse, Cheshunt, for merly of Messrs. John Glads one and Co. Jofeph B. Morrison, Esq., late of Messrs. James Morri son and Co., Director of the Chartered Bank of India, Aus tralia, and China. J. D. Thom.on, Esq., St. Peter's Chambers, Cornhill, late Director ci the Cape of Gocd Hope Bank. BANKERS IN LOWDDN. The Imperial Bank Limited: No. 6, Lothbury. BANKERS IN SCOTLAND. The British Linen Company. BANKERS IN STDNEY AND MELBOURNE. The English, Scottish, and Australian Chartered Bank. BANKERS IN ADELAIDE. The South Australian Banking Company. SOLICITORS. Messrs. Hughes, Mastermai, and Hughes. BROKERS. Messrs. P. Cazenove and Co. SECRETARY, pro. tern. William Greig, Esq. TEMPORARY OFFICES : 17, Bucklesbury. ABRIDGED PROSPECTUS. The Gold Fields of Otago, or.ened in 1861, gave New Zea land an impulse. which bids fair to place it amongst the fore most of the British Colonies. For the year 1855. the total Exports and Imports of New Zealand were.... For the year 186) 2.137.286 For the year 1861 For the three quarters ending 30th Sept., 1862 The value of GOLD exported from 0 rAGO alone was— In 1861 £72',318 In 1862 1,540,708 The latest accounts. show that the same ratio of increase is being maintained. Ihe following is an extract from the Melbourne correspondent of " The Times," published in that piper on the 13th April. 1863 :—The weekly pro +notion (of Gold) in the province of Otago ranges from 12,000 to 15,000 ounces, and new fields are opening out in all directions." The rapid increase in the export of WOOL from NEW ZEAL AND is remarkable : In 1855, it was 1,447,200 lbs. In 1858, „ In 1861, „ In 1862, ~ Not withstanding thesefacts there's but one Bank especially est blished for New Zealand (having i s Head Office at Auck land), with a pad up capital of £250,000; and the only other banking facilities are derived from mere Branches and Agen &es of Institutions whose chief business is in Australia, where their capital is mostly em The Bank of Nei.' Zealand (established in 1861) declared, in the first year .f its existence a dividend at the rate of 8 per cent. ; but its actual net profit for the year way much larger. The Pead Office will be in London, the Chief Branch at DUNEDIN (orAGo), end Branches cr Agencies w,.11 be esta%)lMed at 5113 , 1 other settlements as the ain.ctors may from lime ti lime deem advisable. The progress of the ex exhibited in the following fisting Colonial Banks is strikingly table : HEALTH OF LONDON. (From the Registrar-Generar TPeekly Return) Tho mortality of London is still much in excess. In the week that ended last Saturday the deaths were 1,408, and showed hardly any decrease on the return of the previous weEk. The average number of deaths for the corresponding week in each of the last ten years-1853 62, after correction for in creasing population, was 1 286 ; and the return of last week was, therefore, greater by 122 than it would have been if the rate of mortality had been equal to the average. The births were 555 more than the deaths. There were 65 deaths from small pox last week. The mortality from this disease, which rose considerably in the beginning of the present month, has varied little during the last three weeks. There were comparatively few deaths from it in the districts on the south side of the river. None were recorded in the week in the Holborn and Clerken well districts, and none in Shereditch, Camberwell, Greenwich, or Lewisham. There were 7 deaths from smallpox in the district of St. George, Hanover• square, 6 i❑ Westminster. 4 in St. Giles, 4in St. Botolph. In a house, 12, Pell-street, St. George-in-the East, 7 persons are or have been suffering from smallpox. The registrar of the sub district (St. Mary) had been informed that it was particularly prevalent among German sugar-bakers and their families. There were 65 deaths from scarlatina (the same number as that of smallpox), 4 of which were in St. Botolpb, and 9 in the district of Whitechapel. Measles was fatal in 58 cases, 10 of which occurred in Chelsea, 6 in the Trinity sub district of Newington. A woman died from typhus at 7, York-place, Sr. Martin-in-the-Fields, and also another woman at 15, York-place. Mr. Leonard, surgeon and regis trar, states that these persons were sisters•in-law ; that " the house, 15, York•place, is the worst in the parish, and that he has sent six cases to the Fever Hospital from a room under the tiles." He adds, " I had to get out on the roof, cross the leads, and get through a hole about three feet square, the only means of ingress." Seven murders were registered in the week. Last week the births of 958 boys and 1,005 girls, in all 1,963, were registered in London. In the ten corresponding weeks of the years 1853-62 the ave rage number (corrected) was 1,933. At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean height of the barometer in the week was 29 . 895 in. On the last two days the mean was above 30 in. Ti e reading fell to 29.52 in. on Wednesday, and rose to 30.25 in. on Friday. The mean temperature of the air in the week was 50.2 deg., which is 3 deg. above the average of the same week in 43 yesrs (as determined by Mr. Glaisher). The lowest night temperature was 33.6 deg., on Sunday. The highest day temperature was 69.3 deg., on the following day. The range of temperature in the week was, there fore, 35.7 deg. The mean daily range was 24.6 deg. The highest reading of a thermometer in the sun occurred on Sunday, end was 106 4 deg. The difference between the mean dew-point temperature air temperature was 7.2 deg. The mean degree of humidity of the air was 77, complete saturation being represented by 100. The air was very dry on Thursday and Friday. The wind blew gene rally from the south-west till Wednesday afternoon, after which it was in the north-west. Rain fell only to the hundredth part of an inch. The mean of the ,highest temperatures of the water of the Thames was 56,1 deg. ; and the lowest was 63.9 )N, WEDNESDAY EVENING, APRIL 29, 1863. EXPERIMENTS AT SHOEBURNNESS. Another of those experiments which occasionally yield such important results with regard not only to armour. plate?, but to the still more difficult and important question of how best to support them from behind took place on Monday at Shoebury• ness. This experiment was made by older of the Iron-plate Committee, all the members of which were present, together with many officers and others interested in the construction of armour-coated ships of war. The target fired et was constructed at the Mille all Iron works from the designs of Mr. Chal mers, and, in addition to its other qualifications, it possessed the rare merit of having keen built en tirely at its inventor's own expense—a most unusual circumstance at Shoebury, where the crowd of in ventors and patentees seldom evince sufficient con fidence in the crotchets they compel the authorities to try to venture anything themselves towards the cost of the trial. The target was 13 feet long by 10 feet broad, faced externally with hammered armour-plates 31in. thick. Behind these were laid longitudinal teak beams 10in. wide by about sin. deep, a web or flange of wrought-iron Zin. in thick ness passing between each beam, and being rivetted to a plate 11,in. in thickness at the back. Behind this plate again came another pad of teak sin. thick, which rested against the skin of the ship—the same thickness as that of all our ironclads, hs of an inch, and behind this were the usual upright beams or iron ribs of the vessel. Thus it will be seen that, though the target was apparently a light one from its external plates being only 34in. thick, yet in reality it had, after all,4in. of iron in it, with 15in. of teak, exclusive of the longitudinal cellular iron webbing we have mentioned between the teak beams, which, though not nominally called upon to resist the shot, yet, in truth, aided the resistance enormously, by distributing the force of the con cussion and giving great stiffness to the whole structure. The Warrior broadside, it will be re collected, is formed of 42in. iron and 18in. of teak, and the new vessels of the Minotaur class of 451-in. iron and 9in. of teak. The weight of the Warrior broadside per superficial foot is 3471 b., of the Minotaur 3801 b., and of the target used by Mr. Chalmers 369. b. The excess of weight of Mr. Chal mer's target over the Warrior is caused by the addi tional iron in the cellular webbing and back plating and its lightness; as compared to the Minotaur class, is due to the ribs at the back of all having less lighter by nearly target t ebbing b e t ween th e worka third to do,than a t d h being h f consequently htherarmour ships yet Was that its pecu lbivarilta.rralhlgeontheheotrhyf o a f c t e h l e la t l a a r r teak and iron plate would obviate the evils that generally result from a backing composed of wood only, such as " buckling" and penetration, and injurious effects o w f o v u i l h d ra g t u i h a n r w a h g i a c i h n against equally h w e tt e h q s u u a e l h ly severity upon the fastening bolts. The plan of its construction had, therefore, been calculated to disperse over a large area the power or work that existed in the shot at the moment of impact, so as to give a very large surface of resistance by the time the concussion reached the inner lining of the ship's frame. We are bound to say that the result of the experiments on Monday showed that Mr. Chalmers had not been over-sanguine in the anticipations he expressed as to the powers of resistence of his target. Though exposed for some hours to a very severe battering from guns of all kinds, it withstood the attack better than any target of the same comparative thickness that has yet been tried, not even excepting the first and most famous target of all---that of the Warrior. The trial to which this target was subjected was precisely similar to that heavy ordeal which the Warrior target had to go through on the occasion of its debut at Shoebury. The number of rounds fired, the guns, charges, and 'missiles were pre cisely tEe same on both occasions; but, es the tar get of Mr. Chalmers tried on Monday was nearly one-third smaller than that of the Warrior, the experiment was .obviously more severe for s the smaller target, is the fire had tg be more concen trated. The expel invents were to have commenced at half-pest ten in the morning, and all was ready at that time, but the wilful obstinacy of the crews of two small boats, who, in spite of some ad monitory 121 b. shots, addressed to them from the shore, persisted in keeping in the line of fire till nearly 2 o'clock in the day, prevented anything being done. In fact, the whole day was very nearly being lest from this circumstance. It would be needless iteration to particularise the varied effects of all the 27 shots fired, when the experiments did at last commence. Suffice it, therefore, to say that the trials were gradually progressive in their attacking force from low charges, and shells filled with sand, up to solid 68-pounders, fired with the full service charges; 200-pounder solid cast-iron Act fired with low charges, then fired in salvoes of three at a time ; and, lastly, simultaneous salvces of three 110- pounders and two 6 8-pouuders fired with full charges and solid shot. The live shell and shell filled with sand, as usual, effected very little, nor did the 110- pounder with 101 b. ch arge, nor the 200 pound er w i t h a 101 b, charge do mu c h more . The lower armour plate of the three which composed the target was decidedly inferior t o th e two u pper ones, and cr ac k e d badly early in the day. This, however, so obviously arose from a merely l oca l d e fect as to be of n o ac . count in estimating th e genera lmerits of the ta rget ' s method of constructi on . That these merits w ere neither few nor uni m p or t an t was soon seen. Th e method of fastening on the plates by 21in bolts, with stepped conical heads and a square thread, contrary to general expectation, seemed to work admi ra bl y. Partly from the resi s t ance o ffered by these bolt s , and partly from the force of the concussion itself being so deadened and distributed, there was very little buckling out of the ends of the plates when struck even by the heaviest missiles. The dints i n the armour plates made by the shot varied accord ing to the weight of the projectile when rifled, and in no case were much to speak of. The 68 -pounder, as usual, left a severe mark, in some instances nearly three inches deep. The salvoes of the two 68-poun ders and three 110's were a severe trial. The five shots were concentrated on one spot, and struck with a terrific crash, splintering themselves to frag ments, which went screaming back th roug h th e air in all directions. The main sid e o f th e b ac ki ng —the skin of the ship, in fact—h a d , up to this time, been carefully ex amined after eac h discharge; for on the integrity of that under any fire depended, in fact, the success of the construction o f th e t arget. sign i r g i o t rivet-heads eads ( which, in yielding. Some Itthree had, o or however, four o f truth, were made too small) had been jumped off, with one or two small belts, and there was a just perceptible deflection of one or two ribs where great strains bad come, but this wasall. The armour bolts all held firm, and the back of the target showed no sign that it had ever been fired at. It was thought certain that the tremendous salvo we have spoken of would altogether change this state of things, but it did not. One of the armour bolts was struck and the held knocked off at the back, and the ribs gave tokens of distress, but beyond this it was perfectly astonishing to see how well the target withstood the five ponderous missil e s. Th e worst and mcst dangerous parts of the programme had been borne by the target with impunity, and as it was wished to see how the backing would break, if it could be broken, Mr. Chalmers was asked to permit the 300-pounder rifled Armstrong, loaded with its formidable steel shot, to be used against it. T o this trial Mr. Chalmers in the frankest manner at once consented, though he was as well aware as all others on the ground that by so doing he authorized the destruction of his target. The 300-pounder was accordingly loaded with a 451 b. charge, a nd, as a matter of course, sent its projectile completely through the target, leaving a large and ragged hole, though not nearly so ragged as the same shot would have made in passing through armour plates backed up by teak in the common fashion. This fieqtructive shot brought the experiments to a close for the present, the result of them being undoubtedly in favour of Mr. Chalmers's system of backing the plates, which is much superior to the plans adopted either with the Warrior class of vessels built, or the Minotaur class now building. Both Mr. Chalmers, however, and all the cffic2rs on the ground were of opinion at the close of the day that a slight alteration in the combination of the wood and iron in the target would make its power of rc sistancestill more fen midable than it had already shown itself to be. This alteration consists in reduc ing the thickness of the iron plate between the beams of tenk by three-quarters of an inch, and adding the metal thus gained to a 31in, external plate, so as to bring the Litter up to 41in. in thick ness. Such a change, it is confidently expected, would, withcut adding at all to the weight of the target, add nearly 25 or even 30 per cent. to its powers of resistance. At all events, it is conclusively estab lished that Mr. Chalmers's system of backing ar mour is one which requires to be attentively consi dered and examined with a view to the construction of future ironclads. It is lighter than the new iron frigate now building, it has been proved to be stronger, and its inventor claims that it is nearly 25 per cent. cheaper. The lightness and cheapness are, of course, most important considerations, which when superadded to the all-important one of in creased strength speak loudly in favour of a careful trial of the new plan. The public who peruse these accounts cf what takes place at Shoeburyness may, perhaps, ask how it is that five and six inch armour plates are found so difficult to pierce with the most formidable Eng lish artillery fired at pointblank range, when almost every mail that comes to us from the West brings dismal records of how the Federal ironclads fighting batteries at long range have had their 52in. and filin. iron turrets riddled like sieves. A few words will suffice to explain this apparent anomaly, and also enable our readers to understand how it was that the Federal armour-ships got so lamentably mauled at Charleston. The fact is that the plates used on the Federal gunboats are not solid iron —that is to say, not a single plate, but are built up to whatever thickness is required by bolting together separate plates of an inch thickness. The vessel thus plated has all the weight of the metal to carry, and receives scarcely any pro tection from the metal in return. A 5 inch armour plate thus built up is no match in power of resist ance for a single solid plate of two inches. In the English navy all the plates are solid, and the vessels of the Minotaur class, coated with 51 inches of solid metal, have been proved by actual test to be in finitely stronger than the Federal boats, some of which have their turrets coated with so-called 15- inch plates. It is almost needless to sa y th a t no guns yet exists capable of sending its shot through 15 inches of solid well-made iron. Naval and Military Intelligence. THE NAVY. The Royal Oak, 35, 800-horse power, was com missioned at Chatham on Monday by Capt. Frede rick A. Campbell (September 13, 1854), formerly of the Neptune, 78, 500-horse power. The whole of the mechanics and artisans, several hundred in number, who have been employed on the Royal Oak ever since she has been undocked, quitted the vessel yes terday, and the only hands now engaged on board are a few labourers from the dockyard, and men frcm the steam reserve, who are employed in clean ing the ship before the crew joins. The Royal Oak is to have a complement of 650 officers and men, including Royal Marines and Marine Artillery. Her crew, the greater part of whom have been for some time quartered at the Naval Barracks, will join to morrow. There is still a deal remaining to be done on board in the way of getting the ship ready for sea, and there is little probability of her quitting Chatham for at least a month to come. She has zaqt yet . takcnAlk. Ward -her armament, which will consist of-t 1 of the ITO / poundnr:nivalArrel - .: strong guns, and 24 of the.6B pounder, smooth-bore , cast-iron guns, each of 95ewt. She will carry her entire armament on her main deck, with the excep tion of three of her pivot Armstroegs, which will be placed on her fighting deck. The iron screw frigate Tamar, 3, 500 horse power, which is ordered to be sent to Chatham dockyard from the private establishment on the Thames at which she has been built, is to be fitted to accom modate 900 troops, 80 officers, and a crew of 220 men. She is to be used exclusively as a troopship. The Revenge, 78, screw line-of-battle ship, Cipt. C. Fellowes, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral R. Smart, K.H., nailed from Spithead, late on Monday evening, for the Mediterranean. On arriving at Malta Rear-Admiral Smart will hoist his flag as a vice-admiral on board the Marlborough, screw three-decker, as the successor of Vice-Admiral Sir W. Martin in the Mediterranean command. Rear- Admiral Hastings R. Yelverton, C. 8,, will hoist his flag on board the Revenge, as second in com mand in the Mediterranean, vice Rear-Mmiral S. C. Dacres, C,8., appointed to the Channel deet. The following is an extract from a private letter rezeived from her Majesty's screw gunvessel Cygnet, Commander De Kantzow, dated at the Havanna!), March 4 ;—" Last week we were cruising in the old Bahamas Channel, when two Federal men-of-war joined company, one firing a blank gun and the other a shotted gun across our bows. The com mander immediately went on board and demanded an apology, which was given. We have been cruis ing in the same quarter for the past seven months, but have taken no prizes yet. We, however, sal_ vaged a ship, and were awarded Xl,OOO for our ser vices," A naval courtmartial assembled yesterday on board her Majesty's ship Victory at Portsmouth for the trial of Mr. George Green, chief engineer of her Majesty's steam vessel Geyser, on charges of drunkenness. The prisoner, who had 23 years' service, pleaded guilty, and the Court sentenced him to be dismissed from her Majesty's service. The screw three-decker Duke of Wellington is ordered to be commissioned by Capt. John Seccombe, at Portsmouth, es a depot ship', for seamen, in lieu of the present depot ship, the screw two-decker Hannibal. The paddle steam sloop Geyser sailed from Ports mouth yesterday with a detachment of Royal Marine Artillery and Light Infantry for Devonport, for service on board the screw frigate Liverpool, com missioned at that port by Capt. R. Lambert. Capt. H. E. Edgell, C. 8., has been appointed Superintendent of the Royal Clarence Yard, vacant by the promotion of Capt. the Hon. G. Fowler Hastings, C.B. Capt. T. Fisher is to receive the Captain's good service pension, at the disposal of the First Lord of the Admiralty by the promotion of Capt. the Hon. G. F. Hastings, C. 8., to flag rank. Capt. Alfred P. Ryder, private secretary to the Duke of Somerset, was yesterday appointed to th e office of Controller-General of the Coast Guard, i the room of Capt. the Hon. Swynfe n T. Carnegie, C. 8., promoted to flag rank. Cap t. H. Hall, late of her Majesty's ship Ter mi g ant, succeeds Captain Ryder as private secretary to the First Lord. The following appointments were made yester day at the Admiralty :—Cspt. J. O. Johnson, to the Pembroke, vice Capt. Fisher; Commander A'fred J. Chatfield, to the Shannon ; Commander W. H. A n nesley, to the L iver p ool ; Lieut. C. N. Iloare, t o the Liverpool ; C. Campbell, Arthur W. Brabrzon Arc hibald W. Ham ilton, Cecil G. H orne, G. M a nsel, and J. H. T. Chowno, mi dshipman, to the Royal Oak; Henry M. Speer, Burg., to the Liverpool; J. Trimble, as sist.-sur g ., to the Liverpool ; Dr. F. A. P. Heins , actin g assi st. - surg., to the Liverpool; J. Roberts (a), acting chief engineer, to the Orontes ; w. C. Beck, engineer, to the Cambridge, i for the Redwing; F. H.Hermann, engineer, tindu otie s f 3. Blight, acting engin eer , t o t h e Gleaner ; J. Ambl e r an d T, Carline, Indus, for the Gleaner