The Sun. — London, England, 1863-10-27 00:00:00

0........'...a.... ... .........----- THE WEDGWOOD INSTITUTE, THE CHI' .NCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER AND EARL GRANVILLE IN THE POTTERIES. In the present age of testimonials and memor i a l s it is a mutter for surprise that the genius of the father of English ceramic art should have been left unrecognised until the year 1863. His labours now, h o wever, bid fair to have som e thi ng lik e a f i tting mem arial in the midst of a district in which he form ded a manufacture that, even in his own time, raised Staffordshire Pottery to the level of a fine art,. The memorial fittingly takes the form of an in stitute for working men, in the old town of Burslem, known in the district as " the mother of the Pot teries." The ceremony of laying the foundation-stone was performed by the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P., supported by Earl Granville, K.G., and the Hon. Robert Lowe. No more fitting person could have been chosen to fulfil the duty. Mr. Gladstone arrived at r 3 urslena by the 11 a.m. train from Ha warden Castle, and met with a very enthusiastic re ception from a large crowd of persons who were assembled at the station, and who loudly cheered the right hon. gentleman. Mr. Gladstone, who was accompenied by Mrs. Gladstone, Miss Gladstone, Sir Stephen Glyn, Lady Glyn, and the Rev.lllr. Glyn, was met by Mr. Sheriff Hill, of Hill Pottery, and the party proceeded at once to that gentleman's honse in carriages. The ceremony of laying the foundation•stone was fixed for one o'clock, at which time the hustings ll. on which it took place presented a ver y bri at ap petarance, being crowded by a vast assemblage of gaily attired ladies and gentlemen. Mr. Gladstone and Earl,Grauville on their arrival were both loudly eb eered. The cheers which greeted the appearance of Mr. Gladstone having subsided, The "High Sheriff stepped forward and presented an address to the Chancellor of the Exchequer. 'rive working men of the district also presented an Address. ach e Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P,, th en proceeded amidst the cheers of the spectators, to per• form the ceremony of laying the foundation stone of the new building. A splendid porcelain casket, c ontaining the coins of th e p resent year, with 'a scroll containing the name of the institute and the date of the building, having been handed to him by the High Bailiff, and deposited by Mr. Gladstone in the cavity underneath the stone, which was then gradually lowered,theright hon. gentleman applied the plummet line, spread the mortar, and gently tapped the stone with his mallet when lowered, with the grace and neatness of a perfect artist. The completion of the ceremony was hailed by a burst of cheers and the firing of cannon. Mr. GLADSTONE then proceeded to deliver the fol lowingaddress Mr. High Bailiff, My Lords, Ladies, a nd Gentlemen—We have now laid this stone in honour of Josiah Wedgwood, with a view as I hope to the permanent and effactual benefit of the people of his birthplace. The occupations and demands of political life compel many of those who pursue it, and myself amongst the number, to make a rule of declining all invitations of a local cnaraeter except such as be within their own immediate and personal sphere. But when I receive, through one of your respected representatives an invitation to co operate with you in the foundation of the Wedgwood Institute, I could not hesitate to admit that a de sign of this kind was at least, in my view, not a local but, when properly re garded, rather a national design. Partly it may be classed as national, because the manutacture of earthnraware in its varied and innumerable branches, is fast, becoming, or 'nos indeed become, one of our great and distinguishieg British manufactures. But it is for another and a broader reason that I desire to treat the purpose you have now in hand as a purpose of national rather than merely local or partial interest. It is because there are certain prin ciples applicable to manufacture, by the observance or neglect of which its products are rendered good or bad. These principles were applied by Wedg wood with a consistency and tenacity that cannot be too closely observed. These principles being his, and being true, were also in no small degree peculiar to his practice, and deserved to be in the permanent annals of art especially associated with his name. I am engaged, as I am aware, in a somewhat perilous undertaking, for, having to speak to you about a man and a business, I am obliged to begin by con fessing what, i. I did not confess it, you would soon discover for yourselves, namely, that of both of them my knowledge is scanty, theoretic, and remote ; while you breathe the air, inherit the traditions, in some cases bear the very name of the man, and have a knowledge of the business, founded upon experi ence and upon interest, in all its turns and stages, and from its outer skin, so to speak, to its inner most core: It is the learner who for the moment stands in the teacher's place, and, instead of listen ing with submission, seems to aim at speaking with authority: It would be easy to enlarge in this course of remark ; but I must stop, or I shall soon demon strate that I ought not to be here at all. Let me, then, offer something on the same side. First, I have to assure you that, whatever I shall say, I submit with entire deference to the judgment of those who are better informed, and with a full confidence that, if erroneous, it would be cor rected, and if false exploded. Secondly, as an ob server according to my limit e d ca p ac i t y an d mean s of fictile manufacture in its various branches have formed deliberately so very high an estimate of Wedgwood, in relation not merely to h is particular business, but to the general laws of eind;lesrtria.ntPytoduction, hat I am glad to have an to p briunit g it to O stating, it fatly and fairly, in order thirdly, in th e e trial b y t h e pu b l i c j udgment ; and the Crown, andCtftfiT which I hold as a servant to with the industry places me in incessant con tactbranches, atu a t n ry of the country in its several which I feel in its Welfare, to bear my testimony to the principles of speak, an apostle, a n d , elor i ' V edg wood was, so to weioteever, to give to that testimony any little ,oavithich such an office, and such a deep interest in th nem. relations estab lished by it, may be likely, qu alifications to impart. T absence of higher nirty ye ars ago it would probably have been held b and it may matt, . stet ma e tt matters of still be the thought of some, ta3, 3 t " h which I have now to speak principle well be left to regulate themselveers which may • To vi dicate for trade in all its branches the of If-regulation has be and power se- been e ar ne a quar ter of a century a principal fume ,. arly not the British parliament. But the very same stage in our political a nd social existence which has tau g h t us the true and beneficial application (Atha l aws of political economy , has likewise disclos e d to u the just limits of the science, and , of the fi e ld of its practical application. striae very same a ge which has seen the Sta te strnae _ the ., fetters o f industry has also seen it interpose, with boldness for protection of labour. (Cheers.) The same spirit of policy which has taken from the producer the enjoyment of preferences paralysing to him, and most costly to the community at large, has offered him him the aids of kn ow ledge and instruction, whatever means, either of precept or example, Public authority could command. We ma y consider the products of industry with reference to t heir utility, or t o th e i r c h eapness , or to their in fluence upon th e con di t i on o f t h ose w ho produce them, or lastly to their beauty, to the degree in Which they associate the presentation of forms and colour __s agreeable to the cultivated eye with the a n t f t n a n in nl m m e o n a t of the highest aptitud e for these purposes (Hear.) i\ira ; , f or which th e y are p roper l y d es i gne d. as to their u tili t y an d conven i ence considered alone, who )a-ty leave tha t t o th e con suraer,cheatn%buy w h at does not suit him. As to their cheapness, when oncesecurity has been taken that an attifitia . i should not e be forced to pay an e society mem bers for their production' rice to some of its leave the que s tion to the „tio'nN'c:e, competition ma y safel y among manufacturers, and of what we the laws of supply and demand. As term the condition of the workpeopie, experience hto ae shown, especially in respect to the Factory Acts, that we should do wrong in laying down any ab straret maxim as an invariable rule. Generally, it surDtion is always Aga i nst may be saidyl.the pre aany legislative interference, but that upon special grounds, and most of all where children are em ployed, it may sometimes not only be warranted, but required. This, however, thou4fl I may again revert to it, is not for to-day our , pecial sub ject. We come then to the last of the heads which I have named, the association of beauty with utility, each of them taken according to their largest sense in the business of industrial production. And it is in this department that I conceive we are to look for the peculiar pre-eminence—l will not scruple to say, the peculiar greatness—of Wedgwood. Do not let us suppose that when we speak either of a mat ter which is light and fanciful or of one which may, like some of those I have named, be left to take care of itself. Beauty is not an accident of things. It pertains to their essence ; it pervades the wide range of creation—(cheers) —and, wherever it is impaired or banished, we have in this fact the proof of the moral disorder which pervades the world. (Cheers.) Reject, therefore, the false philosophy of those who will ask, " What does it matter, provided a thing be useful, whether it be beautiful or not ?" and say in reply that we will take our lesson from Almighty God, who in His works bath shown us, and in His Word also bath told us, that " He bath made every thing"—not one thing or anoth er t hi ng, but every thing—" beautiful in his time." (Cheers.) A mong allwo nthdeerdfueci,rweebseotfbecrreiattbieent,bethmeroeveitenennottbfonnele more wonderful, whether it be the movement of the hea venly bodies or the succession of the seasons and the years, or the adaptation of the worldand its pheno mena to the conditions of human lif e, or the struc ture of the eye or hand, or any other part of the frame, of man —not one of these is more wonder ful than the profuseness with which the mighty Maker has shed over the works of His hand an endless and boundless beauty. (Loud cheers.) And to this constitution of things outward the constitution and mind of man, deranged although they be, still answer from within. Down to the humblest condition of life, down to the lowest and most backward grade of civilisation, the nature of man craves, and seems as if it were even to cry aloud, for something —some sign or token at the least of what is beautiful in some of the many spheres of mind or sense. (Cheers.) It is that which makes the Spitalfields weaver, amid the murky streets of London, train canaries and bull finches to sing to him at his work; that leads the peasant of Pembrokeshire to !paint the outside of his cottage in lively colours; and prompts in the humbler classes of women a desire for some little personal ornament, certainly not without its dan gers—for what sort of indulgence can ever be without them ? yet sometimes, perhaps, too sternly repressed from the high and luxurious places of society. We trace the operation of this principle yet more conspicuously in a loftier region in that instinct of rational and Christian piety which taught the earlyimasters of the fine arts to clothe the noblest objects of our faith, and espe cially the idea of the sacred person of our Lord, in the noblest forms of beauty that their minds could conceive or their hands could execute. (Cheers.) It is, in short, difficult for human beings to harden themselves at all points against the impression and the charm of beauty. (Cheers.) Every fcrm of life that can be called in any sense natural will admit them. 1 know not whether there is any one among the many species of human aberration that renders a man so entirely callous as the lust of gain in its extreme degrees. That passion, where it has full dominion, excludes every other. It shuts out even what might be called redeeming infirmities; it blinds men to the sense of beauty as much as to the perception of justice and right. Cases might be named of countries where greediness for money holds dominion, and where unmitigated ugliness is the principal characteristic of industriat products, On the other hand, I do not believe it extravagant to say that the pursuit of the element of beauty in the business of production will be found to act with a genial character and refined influence on the com mercial spirit ; that up to a certain point it is in the nature of a preservative against some of the moral dangers that beset trade and manufacturing enter prise ; and that we are justified in regarding it not merely as an economical benefit—not merely as con tributing to our work an element of value—not merely as supplying a particular faculty of human nature with proper food—but as a liberalising and civilising power, and an instrument in its own sphere of moral and social improvement. Indeed, it would be strange if a deliberate departure from what we see to be the law of nature in its outward sphere was the road to a close conformity with its innermost or highest laws. But now let us not conceive that, because the love of beauty finds for itself a place in the general heart of mankind, therefore we need never make it the object of special attention, or put in action special means to promote and uphold it; for, after all, our attachment:to it is a matter of degree, and of degree which experience has shown to be in different places, and in different times, inde finitely variable. We may not be able to reproduce the time of Pericles, or of the Cinque Cento ; but yet it depends upon our own choice whether we shall or shall not have a title to claim kindred, however remotely, with them. What we are bound to is this, to take care that everything we make• shall, in its kind and class, be as good as we can make it. When Dr. Johneon, whom Staffordshire must ever place among her most distinguished ornaments, was asked by Mr. Boswell how he had attained to his extraordinary excellence in conver sation, he replied that he had no other rule or system than this, that whenever he had anything to say, he tried to say it in the best manner that he was able. (Hear, hear.) It is this perpetual striving after • excellence on the one hand, or the want of such effort on the other, which, mcne than the ori ginal difference of gifts, contributes to bring about the differences we see in the wcrks and characters of men. Such efforts are more rare in proportion as the object in view is higher, the reward more distant. In the application of beauty to works of utility the reward is generally distant. A new element of labour is imported into the process of production, and that element, like others, must be paid for. In the modern publica tion which the firm of Wedgwood and Bentley put forth under the name of a cataloe ue, but which really contains much sound and useful information on the principles of industrial art, they speak plainly on the subject. They say—" There is another error common with those who are not over well acquainted with the particular difficulties of a given art. They often say that a beautiful object can be manufac tured as cheaply as an ugly one. A moment's re flection would undeceive them." The beautiful ob ject would be dearer than one perfectly bare and bald ; not because utility is compromised for the sak e of beauty, but because there may be more manual labour, and there must be more thought in the original d es i gn . Th ere f ore t h e manu f ac t ur er, 7. 1 : 08 e daily th oug ht must and oug ht t o b e to cheapest his productions, endeavouring to dispense with all that can be .. spared, is under much temptation to dec line let • of the cost beauty stand as an item in the ac countecononaieei laws of production. So the pressure of of trade. An Nv d s tells severely on the finer elements as in oth er caseayet it may be argued that in this, bility and eolidityin th e case, f or examp l e, o f dura first is not chea pe - s t--t-ithat which appears cheapest at two reasons. I n henfi.the long run. And this for run mankind are win". t place, because in the long France is the second eot t ian o ry a price for beauty. world, and her command oCrcial country in the clearly referable in a great forei g na e • an ce of her production s , to gre e to the real ale n establish in the most i n t e lligible form the principl e th at taste c h a ngeable value. But there seems . _has an ex to b another wa y by which the law of nature arrives at its re venge upon the shortsighted trust for cheq ue findin , beauty oz e, - 88 * We b eg in, say, by ,ze e .risive. vv,„ pay artists for producing it. Tt,n em ploymentdeel;ne to ceases, and they disappear. Presently we 1 u find that works reduced totter baldnes s d o not sa eet a demand for embellish tisfy. We have to m race who of some Rind, bill: we ha ' . ve starved out the on. We who knew the laws and mode of its product: substitute strenr , th for flavour, quantity for incongruous quality, and we end by producing excrescences—(cheers) —or hideous malforma tions, of a gre a t er cos t than wou ld have sufficed d for the nourishment am ong us of ch aste and virgin art . S o the pena l ty o f error may be ce rtain ; bat the reward of sound judgmen t and THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 27, 1863, right action, depending as it does, not on to-day or to-morrow, but on the long future, is remote. In the same proportion it is wise to call in aid all the secondary resources we can command. Among these instruments, and among the best of them, is to be reckoned the foundation of institutes like this, for they not only supply the willing with means of instruction, but they bear witness from age to age to the principle on which they are founded. They carry down the tradition of good times through the slumber and the night of had times, ready to point the path to excellence when the dawn returns again. I heartily trust the institute may be ono worthy of its. founder and of its object. But now let us draw nearer to the immediate character and office of him whom I may call our hero. His most signal and characteristic merit lay in the fineness and fullness of his per ception of the true law of what we term industrial art; or, in other words, of the application of the higher art to industry, the law which teaches us to aim first at giving to every object the greatest possible degree of fitness and convenience for its purpose, and next at making it the vehicle for the highest degree of beauty which compatibility for that fitness and convenience it will bear; it does not substitute the secondary for the primary end, but recognises as part of its business the study to harmonise the two. To have a strong grasp of this principle, and to work it out to its result in the details of a vast and varied manufacture is praise high enough for any man. But it was higher and more peculiar in the case of Wedgwood than any other man. For that truth of art which he saw so clearly, and which lies at the root of excellence was one of which England has not usually had a perception at all corresponding with her other rare endowments. She has long taken lead among the nations of Europe for the cheapness of her manufactures. Not so for their beauty ; and if the day shall ever come when she shall be as eminent for taste as she is now for economy of production, my belief s that result will probably be due to no other single man in so great a degree as to Wedgwood. This part of the subject, however, deserves a fuller consideration. There are three regions given to man for the exer cise of his faculties in the production of objects and the performance of acts conducive to civilisation and to the ordinary use of life. Of these, one is the homely sphere of simple utility. IN hat is done is done for some purpose of absolute necessity, or im mediate use ; what is produced is produced with an almost implicit regard to its value and exchange — to the market, the place, and day. A dustman can not he expected to move with the grace of a fairy, nor can his cart be constructed on the flowing lines of a Greek chariot of war: Not but that, even in this unpromising domain, beauty also has her place, Then there is the lofty sphere of pure thought, and its numerous organs ; the sphere of poetry and the highest arts. Here, again the place of utility is narrowed, and the production of the beautifulin one or other of its Innumerable forms is the supreme if not the only object. I believe it to be undeniable that in both of these spheres, widely separated as they are, the faculties of Englishmen, and the dis tinctions of England have been of the very first order. In the power of economical production she is at the head of all the nations of the earth. If in the fine arts—painting for example—she must be content with a second pl ace , ye t i n poetry, which ranks even hi g h er th an pa i nt i ng, s h e may fairly challenge all th e nat i ons o f C hr i sten d o m, and none but Italy can as yet enter into serious competition with the land of Shakspeare. (Cheers.) I for one should admit that, while thus pre-eminent in the pursuit of pure beauty on one side, and of unmixed utility on the other, she has been far lees fortunate in that intermediate region where art is brought into contact with industry, and where the pair may wed together. This is a region alike vast and diversified. Upwards it embraces architecture—an art which, while it affords the noblest scope for grace and grandeur, is, or rather ought to be strictly tied down to the purposes of convenience. Down wards it extends to a very large proportion of the products of human industry ; but, while all the objects of trade and manufacture admit of funda mental differences in point of f tness and unfitness, probably the major part of them admit of funda mental differences also in point of beauty or ugli ness. Utility is not to be sacrificed for beauty, but they are generally compatible and often positively helpful to each other, and it may be safely asserted that the periods when the study of beauty have been neglected have usually been marked not by a more successful pursuit of utility, but by a general decline in the energies of man. In Greece, the foun tain head of our instruction on these matters, the season of her highest historic splendour was also summer of her classic poetry and art; and in con templating her architecture we scarcely know whether most to admire the acme of beauty, or the perfect obedience to the laws of mechanic contriv ance. The arts of Italy were the offspring of her freedom—(cheers)—and with its death they lan guished and decayed. In the particular department of industrial art, France perhaps, of all modern nations, has achieved the greatest distinction, and and there is no country which has displayed, through a long course of ages, a more varied activity, or acquired a greater number of titles to renown. It would be easy to show that the reputation which England has long enjoyed with the trading world has been for cheap and not beautiful productions. In some great branches of manufacture we were until late dependent upon patterns from abroad. In others our work presented nothing but a dreary waste of capricious ugliness. Some of us remember with what avidity, some thirty or forty years back, the ladies of England smuggled every article of dress and ornament from France. That practice has now ceased, partly perhaps because there are no longer any duties to evade—(latighter)--but also because the prefefence has, in some degree, been modified, because of the great progress made in the taste which this country applies to industry. I have understood that for some of the textile fabrics patterns are not imported only, but also exported and exchanged. Let us not treat this as a matter of blame to our forefathers and commendation to ourselves. It has not been suffi ciently considered what immense disadvantages were brought on the country as respects the appli cation of fine art to industry by the great revolu tionary war. Not only was the engrossing cha racter of a deadly struggle unfavourable to all such purpose, but our communion with the civilised world was placed under restraint, and we were in great measure excluded from a resort to those cities and countries which possessed the greatest abund ance of examples bequeathed by former excellence. Nor could it be expected that Kings and Govern ments, absorbed in a conflict of life and death, and dependent for the means of sustaining it on enor mous and constant loans, would spare either thought or money from war and its imperious de mands for these, the most pacific among all the purposes of peace. At any rate, I take it to be nearly certain that the period of the war was a pe riod of general and progressive depression and even degradation, in almost every branch of industrial art, that the fabrics of your own manufacture, for example, were in point of beauty, much inferior to what they had been at a former time—that the older factories had in some cases died out, in others, such a Worcester, for instance, they declined—and that whereas Wedgwood is said to have exported five-sixths of what ho made, we had not only lost any bold such as he had gained upon the foreign market, but we owed the loss in part, at least, to our marked decline in excellence and taste. I submit, however, that, considering all that England has done in the sphere of pure beauty on the one side, and in the sphere of cheap and useful manufacture on the other, it not only is needless, but would be "the madeillustrious him, ee irration a l, t o su p pose th a t s h e li es un d er any radi cal or h onoura bl e i ncapac i ty f or exce lli ng a l so i n thatwhre intermediate sphere where the two join hands, Wedgwood gained the distinctions whi c h have not think that AV-‘ieVndedtg Wed gwood" ewo language c ( l Go b hi e .e el‘risr. regarded Smiles, a strange pheno m enon, happy accident withou t ours than a rneetnon, no more native to u s a n d atone from heaven, a such men in th e history :f the appearance of example and without industry,re ourselvaB s f i o o l g ., 1 what e pe r turn. Rare, ind ee d , he it may have be en anio ever the merit of others, such in particular as Arr. Minton, yet I for one should scruple to place any of them in the same class with Wedgwood. No one is like him—no one, it may almost be said, is even second to him ; but the line on which he moved is a line in which every one engaged in manufacture, of whetever branch, may move after him and like him. And as it is the wisdom of man universally to watch against his besetting errors, and to strengthen him self in his weakest point, so it is the study and fol lowing of Wedgwood and Wedgwood's principles which may confidently be recommended to our pro ducers as the specific cure for the specific weakness of English industry. Of imagination, fancy, taste, of the higher cultivation in all its forms, this great nation has abundance; of industry, skill, persever ance, mechanical contrivance, it has a yet larger stock, which overflows our narrow bounds and floods the world. The one great want is to bring these two groups of qualities harmoniously together; and this was the peculiar excellence of Wedgwood—his excellence peculiar in such a degree as to gain his name a place above every other, so far as I know, in the history of British industry—(cheers)—and remarkable and entitled to fame even in the history of the industry of the world. (Cheers.) We make our first introduction to Wedgwood about the year 1741, as the youngest of a family of 13 children, and as put to earn his bread, at 11 years of age, to the trade of his father, and in the branch of a " thrower." Then comes the well-known attack of smallpox, the settling of the dregs of his disease in the lower part of the leg, and the amputation of the limb, render ing him lame for life. It is not often that we have such palpable occasions to record our obligations to the smallpox—(a laugh) —but in the wonderful ways of Providence, that disease, which came to him as a twofold scourge, was probably the occasion of his subsequent excellence. It prevented him from growing up to be the active, vigorous English work man, possessed of all his limbs, and knowing right well the use of them. It put him upon consider ing 'whether, as he could not be that, he might not be something else and something greater. (Cheers.) It sent his mind inward, and drove him to meditate upon the laws and secrets of his art; the result Was that he arrived at the perception and the grasp of them, which might perhaps have been envied, and certainly had been owned, by an Athenian potter. Relentless criticism has torn to pieces the old legend of King Nuraa receiving in a cavern, from the nymph Egeria, the laws that were to govern Rome; but no criticism can shake the re cord of that illness and mutilation of the boy, Josiah Wedgwood, which made for him a cavern of his bed room an oracle of his own inquiring, searching, meditative and fruitful mind. (Cheers.) From those early days of suffering —weary, perhaps, to him as they went by, but bright, surely, in the re trospect, bath to him and to us—a mark seems at once to have been set upon his career. But those who would dwell upon his history have still to de plore that many of the materials are still wanting. It is not creditable to his country or his art that the life of Wedgwood should still remain unwritten Here is a man who, in the well-chosen words of his epitaph, "converted a rude and inconsiderable manufacture into an elegant art—into an important branch of national commerce." Here is a man who, beginning as it were from zero, had, unaided by the Royal or national gias which were found neces sary to uphold the glories of Levres, Chelsea, and of Dresden, produced works, truer, perhaps, to the inexorable laws of art than the fine fabrics that proceeded from those establishments, and scarcely less attractive to a polished taste. (Cheers.) Here is a man who found his business cooped within a narrow valley by the want of even tolerable com munications, and who, while he devoted his mind to lifting that business from meanness, and ugliness, and weakness, to the highest excellence of material and form, had surplus energy to take a leading part in great engineering works like the Grand Trunk Canal from the Mersey to the Trent, which made the raw m neriel of his industry abun dant and cheap, which supplied a vent for the manufactured article, and opened for it mate riahy a way to the outer world. Lastly, here is a man who found his country dependent upon others for its supplies of all the finer earthernware, but who, by his single strength, re versed the inclination of the scaje, and scattered the products of his genius and skill all over the breadth of the Continent of Europe, And here I would say that since I come to this room I have received a let ter, in which occurs the following quotation from the travels in England of a French gentleman, M. Faugae St. Fond. He says, referring to Wedgwood, " His excellent workmanship, its solidity, the ad vantage it possesses of standing the action of fire, its fine glaze impenetrable to acids, the beauty and variety of its forms, and its moderate price, have created a commerce so active and unusual that, in travelling from Paris to St. Petersburg, from Am sterdam to the furthest point of Sweden, from Dun kerque to the southern extremity of France, one is served at every inn from English earthernware. The same fine articles adorning the tables of Spain, Portugal, and Italy, it provides the cargoes of ships for the East Indies, the West Indies, and America." (Cheers.) It is strange that the life of such a man in this " nation of shopkeepers," as we are called, should at this date remain unwritten ; but I have heard with much pleasure a rumour, which I hope is true, that such a gap in our literature is about to be filled up. All that we know, however, of the life of Wedgwood seems to be eminently characte ristic. We find the works of his earliest youth already impressing a new character upon his trade —a character of what may be called efficiency com bined with taste, and with the best basis of taste, a loving and docile following of nature. We find him beginning his partnerships when manhood was but just attained, first with Harrison, secondly with Whieldon, but last, as we might naturally expect in the case of a spirit so energetic and expansive, we find that in each of these cases the bed did not give him room enough to lie on or turn in, and in 1759, as soon as his articles expire, he escapes from the unequal yoking,and enters into business by him self. But this, though a natural, was not a final stage. It was necessary that he, who wets the soul, should be the centre and head, but it was also ne cessary that ho should surround himself' at all points with an official staff for a great, varied, and not merely reforming, but creative work. who has Hence he associated himself with Mr. Richard Bentley as a partner, who is stated to ha ve chiefly credit superintended fo r havi t g he Londonsupplied the business, u information t necessary to enable the foreigner to enter so largely on the handling of classical designs. Hence he employed Mr. Chisholm as an experimental chemist, and other scientific men, in the several branches of the busi ness; hence his connection with Flaxman, which has redounded alike to the honour of the one and of the other. (Cheers.) It was the fashion to say that Queen Elizabeth was not proved to be a woman of extraordinary power, but that she admi nistered with vast power ;;and in like manner some might be tempted to suspect, when they see Wedg wood thus surrounded, that his merit lay chiefly in the choice of instruments and coadjutors, and that to them the main part of the praise is due. The right hon. gentleman then proceeded ably t o criti cise the merits of Wedgwood's productions, point ing out how beneficially the industry created by the distinguished firm of 'Wedgwood had operated on the population of the district in which it was situated. Of these the right hon. gent leman said, we find them increased in the course of some 25 years to about treble, abundantly employed, pros perous, and comfortable. (Cheers.) Nor was this multiplication only without improvement, for ho goes on to quote from John Wesley, who had been Petted at Burslem in 1760, the following words : " I returned to Burslem. How is the whole face of . the country chinged in about 20 y ears, since which the inhabitants have continually flowed in from every side ! Hence the wilderness is literally be come a fruitful field; housee, villages, towns, have sprung up, and the country is not improved more than the people," (Loud cheers.) It is impossible to conceive a testimony more honourable to Wedg wood ; nor can I better conclude thesearemarks than by uttering the cordial hope that you, his successors, who have during late years earned so much honour for the taste and industry of the country, may profit more and more effectually by the lessons which your ta.cat f e terunner has bequeathed you, and may find at least one substantial part of your reward in witnessing around you a thriving and contented, a healthy and a happy po pulation. Immediately on the conclusion of the address the company adjourned to the Town Hall, where a sumptuous banquet was prepared. Earl GRANVILLE, E.G., presided. On the removal of the cloth he gave, in appropriate terms, the toasts of the Queen, Prince and Princess of Wales, and the rest of the royal family, which were loyally responded to, Mr. ADDERLEY, M.P., next proposed the Army, the Navy, and the Volunteers, which was responded to by Vis count Ingestre and Major Westhead. Mr. BERESFORD HOPE then proposed the Bishop and Clergy of the Diocese, and ministers of all denominations. The Bishop of Lichfield returned thanks. The CIIIEF BAILIFF then proposed " The Health of Her Majesty's Ministers," which was drunk amid loud cheering. Earl GRANVILLE, in returning thanks, after a few intro ductory observations, said they had just heard the eloquent speech of Mr. B. Hope, who was always found ready to come for ,vaid to promote any object which aimed at the im provement of what might be termed our art-manufactures. Some time ago he (Earl Granville) had the pleasure of read ing a speech of Mr. B. Hope's, in which, commenting upon tLe recent alterations in the minute of Council of Educa tion, that gentleman had expressed an opinion that the prin ciple of payment for results should be applied to the Minis try. He (Earl Granville) certainly thought that it would be somewhat difficult to apply that principle to men engaged in the conduct of the affairs of the world, inasmuch as re sults did not always form a correct test of the exertions of a Prime Minister, or the Chancellor of the Exchequer; and also for another reason, namely, that although it was undoubtedly true that party spirit was not so strong in this country now as it was formerly, yet he doubted whether it was so extinct that impartial judges could be found to say what the amount of the salary of the Minis try should be. (Laughter.) He himself should cer tainly object to the application of any such principle, be cause, although he held an office of considerable dignity, it had at the same time a smaller amount of salary attached to it than was attached to any other office, so that he some times felt that he should like a little less dignity and a little more salary. If, however, the principle of payment by re.- sults was adopted, and he went to his right hon. friend the Chancellor of the Exchequer and asked him for an augmen tation, he was afraid his right hon. friend would say, "Where are your results ? I am sorry to disoblige you, but on a calm reflection on the circumstances, I think I must diminish it considerably." (Renewed laughter.) That prin ciple applied neither to the Prime Minister nor to the Chan cellor of the Exchequer, for he could not but think, with out entering into details on the subject, that considering the tranquillity, the contentment, the order, the peace which reigned in this country—considering that it was on peaceful relations with all civilised nations—considering, at the same time, that the honour and dignity of the country had ever been preserved, many present would say, " Well, after all, Lord Palmerston has for a long time been a faithful servant of the State, and if pecuniary reward were an object to him, he would deserve it as much as any statesman ever had done." (Loud cheers.) It was impossible to listen to the able addresses presented to the Chancellor of the Exche quer that day, one of them so singularly remarkable, so sa tisfactory for the circumstances attending those by whom it had been presented, and stating the sentiments of work ing people that the recent commercial and financial legisla tion in this country has produced happy and useful results, without fully coinciding in such sentiments. (Cheers.) And when he found that the French treaty, within one year after its passing, had produced exports of pottery to France two or three times as much as the previous year, and when every year such exports were increasing, he could not but think that, so far from attempting to diminish the salary of his right hon. friend, they would increase it to such an extent as to allow him to indulge in his taste for; and to lavish money on productions of ceramic art. (Laughter and cheers) Her Majesty's Government might do wrong, and what man or Minister was not constantly doing wrong ? But he assured the company that they were animated in all their actions by a sincere desire for the welfare and prosperity of their country at home and for the maintenance of its honour and dignity abroad. As regards the Poles, it was the policy of Ministers to hold themselves perfectly aloof from the quarrel, and having come to that conclusion it would have been heartless cruelty to the Poles themselves if the British Go vernment had led them to believe that England would take up arms in their cause. (Hear, hear.) With regard to America, it was a theme almost too painful for him to touch upon. They deplored the calamities which were over whelming that unhappy country, but he could not help re marking that it was a matter of thankfulness that in conse quence of the opening of our markets this country, with the exception of one county, that of Lancaster, had suffered no no great distress in consequence of the American war. With respect to the different political parties engaged in that war he would offer no opinion. Different feelings were entertained in this country in favour of or against both the Federal and the Confederate cause. Some of his moat valued political friends were in favour of the Confederates, and others entertained an equally strong feeling in favour of the Federals. Her Majesty's Government had studied the American question most carefully, with the most sincere desire to arrive at an impartial view of the position in which that country was placed, and they had arrived at the con clusion that,whatever might be their feelings and sympathies one way or another, it was their duty to remain entirely neutral in the struggle, and not to suffer any irritation which might have been felt or expressed by either party to influ ence their proceedings. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) No body of men were more sincere in their wishes that this most lamentable internecine war should be brought to a speedy conclusion than were her Majesty's Govern ment. (Hear, hear.) With respect to other points of foreign policy, he might add that it had been the anxious dasire of her Majesty's Government to avert what would have indubitably been a most calamitous war between two of our allies—namely, Denmark and Germany. (Hear, hear.) Every one felt that it was satisfactory to see Italy so calmly, so unostentatiously consolidating her position, and realising those bright aspirations of which no one had been a more eloquent exponent than his right hon. friend. (Cheers.) The arrangements of the day were excellent, and reflect the greatest credit on the hon. secretary, Mr. Woodall, and the committee of management. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. CHARING-CROSS (CITY EXTENSION). Yesterday workmen commenced sinking the cylinders for the central piers of the bridge between Bankside and Can - non.•street, City. The ether cylinders, on the south side, are completed, and the land abutment is more than half finished. The viaduct thence through the Borough -market is also eommenced, together with the demolition of a vast mass of property to make way for it. The bridge, though the same in design, will be 12 feet wider than that at Charing-cross, so as to accommodate five instead of four lines of rails, and it is understood that application will be made to Parliament for a public passenger-way on each side of it, similar to that at Charing-cross, to accommodate the Borough traffic and relieve London-bridge. NORTHUMBERLAND CENTRAL. The first half-yearly meeting oT thiscompany was held on Thursday at Alnwick—Earl Grey in the chair. The report of the directors stated that the principle on which the capital was originally proposed to be raised— namely, by shares taken by landowners for the sake of the increased value to be conferred on their property by the railway, out of funds to be created on security of terminable rent-charges on their estates thus improved—had been deli berately adopted by a committee of the House of Lords, and would in all probability be embodied in a general Act of Parliament in the next session. If the total expense of the line should amount to £6,500 a mile, and the working ex penses he 50 per cent. of the gross traffic, a weekly receipt of £l2 per mile would pay 5 per cent. on the capital em barked. It was hoped that in every instance where land was taken for the purposes of this local railway the owners would consent either to take the ascertained value of their land in shares of the company or commute it into a perpe tual annuity, and that tenants would likewise agree, on the amount of compensation due to them for interference with their occupation, either by severance or actual abstraction of the land, being ascertained, to take shares of the com pany to that amount. The contractors might thus be put in immediate possession of the land, and the works pro gress without the usual vexatious and expensive proceed ings attendant on the acquisition of land taken under com pulsory powers of an Act of Parliament. If this were done, and a moderate addition made to the share capital already subscribed, amounting to £30,000, the contractors would commence with a staff and plant which in 18 months would complete the whole line. The directors had confirmed under sea /of the company the contract for works and materials with Messrs Waring at a lump sum of £270,000. The re ceipts by subscription to preliminary expenses amounted to £2,048, and the legal Parliamentary and engineering ex penses to £5,Q36, leaving £3,011 as outstanding obligations. The CIIAIR,MAN, in moving the adoption of the report, said the undertaking was projected and supported solely by those locally interested in the district through which the railway was intended to pass, and on that principle he be lieved that a public and general Act would be passed in the next session of Parliament giving to landowners the power of charging their estates for the purpose of taking shares in railways to the extent of the increased value given to their land by them. _ The report was adopted, and the directors and auditors were elected. SALISBURY AND PEWSEY. It is proposed to construct a railway fo r the purpose of forming a direct communication betw een Salisbury, Ames bury, Pewsey, and Marlborough. The proposed line is to commence at Porton, a small place five miles from Salis bury, on the London and South- Western line, and will pro ceed thence through Amesbury to Pewsey, passing near several populous villages on its route. It is understood that the landowners through whose property the line is to pass are all favourable to its construction. STROUD AND CHIPPENHrIi~I. A public meeting was held at Stroud on Saturday for the purpose of considering a scheme for a railway from Stroud to Chippenham via Tetbury and Malmesbury. The chair was taken by Mr. S. Marling. It was stated that the pro posed line was promoted by the Great Western Company, and that it would be about 21 miles in length, the estimated cost being £275,000. It was to commence at a point on the Great Western line about four miles from Chippenham and pass up the valley of the Avon and close to the towns of Melmesbury and Tetbury, prmeeding thence to Nails worth, From Nailsworth it would follow the course of the line sanctioned last year as far as Dadbridge, and diverge thence to the right, forming a junction with the Great Western Railway about half a mile west of the Stroud sta tion. Resolutions approving the proposed line were unani mously adopted. GREAT WESTERN OF CANADA. It appears that the directors of this company have been informed by their financial agent in Canada that the loss on through traffic collected and converted ascertained up to Oct. 20 amounted to the sum of 35,123 dols. (57,2170) and that there remained a further sum of American funds for conversion at that date of 47,207 dole, In addition to which there were balances in account with connecting railways still unadjusted. WEST FLANDERS. The report of the directors state that the receipts for the past half.year ending the 30th of June had been £24,808, being an increase of £1,792 over those of the corresponding half of 1862: The expenditure had been £15,436, being an increase of 06. The balance applicable to dividend amounted to £5,946, from which the directors proposed to distribute 4s. per share, and carry forward £594. Sin ce th e Ist of January, 1856, the traffic had gradually developed, so that the receipts now showed an increase of upwards of 33 per cent., and an addition to the stock of carriages and trucks was required in consequence of the increased traffic. The favourable state of the profit and loss balance would enable the directors in some degree to meet these require ments, NORTHERN OF FRANCE. The traffic receipts on this company's old and new lines amounted for the week ending the 14th inst. to £59,834, against £59,476 for the corresponding week last year, show. ing an increase of £376; The total receipts from the Ist of January to the above date amounted to £2,151,761, and for the corresponding period of last year to £2,133,166, show ing an increase of £18,595. SAMBRE AND MEUSE, The report of the directors states that notwithstanding the reduction which has necessarily been made in the price of transport, the increase of receipts over the corresponding period of 1862 is £3,273, but the increase in goods carried amounts to 52,000 tons, or 22 per cent., of which 13,745 tons were caused by the carriage of coals to Vireux, while 1,089 tons accrued from traffic carried to and trom the Chimay line. The increase in the number of passengers was 9,753, though a diminution in the mileage of passenger trains to the extent of 2,943 miles has taken place. The in creased traffic has caused an addition to the working ex penses of £2,284, as compared with those of the correspond ing half of 1862, a material item being the toll paid to the Belgian Government and Ardennes Railway. The direc tors propose to pay a dividend of 3s. per share on the 22d of November, provided the necessary number of share holders and amount of capital be represented at the meetieg of the company, to be held in Belgium. The construction account shows that £1,113,706 had been expended. The revenue account for the half-year ending the 30th of June shows that £36,948 bad been received and £21,826 expen ded, leaving a balance of £15,122. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TI3IES.—The military events of which the news has just reached us from America are certainly the most important that have occurred since the cap tures of Vicksburg and Port Hudson. We are now so accustomed to great and bloody battles, followed by small results, that it is impossible to feel all our former anxiety respecting the encounters which are likely to take place on the old battle-fields to the west of the Potomac. It may be that the next mails will only bring us the news of another day of boot. less slaughter, ending in the retreat of General Meade to some position where his enemy will decline to follow him, or else the repulse of the Confede rates, followed by another cautious advance of a few miles by the Northern forces. But even should there be no conflict decisive of the campaign, this sudden advance of General Lee and the expul sion of his adversary from the position he has so long held will be remembered as a most remarkable military operation. It shows that the Southern General has been able, through the skilful combina tion of his resources, to resume the offensive and drive the Northern army back to the neighbour hood of Washington in three months atter his repulse at Gettysburg. During the autumn the exer tions of the Confederates appear to have been inces sant. The conscription has been actively enforced, and the spirit of the population has been such that, in spite of former losses and disappointments, the ranks of the army have been rapidly filled. Indeed, it is probable that the South has now a larger number of men under arms than at any former epoch of the war. Encouraged by a plenti ful harvest, and by their success in providing them selves with the materials of war, the Confederates have raised their forces to the number called for by the exigencies of the contest, and, concentrating them in two great armies, have been enabled once more to turn the tide of war. The closing months of 1863 find the Federals on the defensive along their whole line, and men talking of the safety even of entire armies as doubtful. The movement of General Lee appears to have been wholly unex pected. l'he first impression was that a retreat was intended, and that the Confederates were falling back to Gordonville and Richmond; but events soon explained the reason of the movements within the Southern lines. General Lee concentrated a heavy force round Madison Courthouse, and on the night of Friday the 9th and the morning of the next day it moved out, half concealed by the forest, and advanced northwards, so as to turn the Federal right. A Federal force under General Kilpat rick was driven back upon Culpepper. It then became evident that the intention of the Con federate was to get upon the line of General Meade's communications. As soon as this was understood by the Federal Commander, he seems to have thought that his only safety lay in retreat. Considering that Meade's is the chief army of the Northern Republic, that it defends the Northern capital, that it threatens the capital of the Con federates, and that it has had for the last three months the benefit of all the reinforcements which the conscription or volunteering can extract from the Eastern States, it is certainly surprising tha t the General was not able to make something more of a resistance to this advance. But whether it be the deficiency of men or a fear of the enterprise and skill of the Confederate officers, certain it is that the whole Northern army was on the 12th hastily withdrawn from its positions. It eva cuated Culpepper, destroying what it could not carry off, and during the next two days the army was in full retreat to Manassas and Centreville, Of the fight of the 14th near Manassas Junction we have yet to learn the details; but as on the night of the 15th General Meade was in line at Centre ville, and General Lee occupied the old battlefield of Bull Run, it may be presumed that the alleged repulse of the Confederates had not the effect of checking them in their advance. At the same time it is stated that a Confederate corps under General Hill had moved to Leesburg, which suggests the idea of a raid into Maryland. The Confederates also hold all the passes of the Bull Run mountains, and the two armies were face to face, and so close together that a battle was hourly expected. What ever may be the military events which we are to learn by the next mails, there can be little doubt now as to the issue of this campaign. The most that the Federals can do will be to repulse General Lee and maintain their own position on Virginian territory. DAILY NEWS,—Mr. Laird deserves the thanks of Earl Russell and the public for the candid speech which he has just delivered at Birkenhead. It is admitted that the devastations of the Alabama and the Florida have done more than anything else to excite war between the two countries, and no sensible man doubts that the irritation in America had has not been unreasonable. If the Mexicans _romd managed last spring to dispatch an Alabama from if Southampton to prey upon French ii in the co mmerce, the shipbuilder had boasted of it s ex p ota scarcely be imagined that the Emperor House of Commons and in his own broorfotuhgehy,irtencrtenh And if the steam-rams now would have tamely submitted toLt.rivoegrproososi an b injury. j been tr eean permitted to leave that port,irt is difficult to believe olvernment would have b th ee a n t n e b v i e e n to th o e on tm ol e le. Most wisely, how gipveeonporders for their deten t. allayed.e Foreign Mr. SecretaryLai . rd see h m as s that the irritation in America a t ivoenr: Lordand th ß e u r s e s e e t h . z e s against E riglit t.h n e d l i a s w n .There is no difficulty in put to think that in So doing n transgresse d tiog this question to the test. Every wrong h as i ts remedy, and the courts of law are open to Mr. Laird and every subject of the realm. If any Government officer were to enter Mr. Laird's house and seize his person or his property, his course would be clear. He would at once demand to know why his house had been invaded, express his readiness to produce the fullest explanation of his conduct, and make proof of the perfect honesty of his conduct. A s a loyal subject, anxious to obey the law, he c ou ld h ave nothing to fear and nothing to concea l; and no d oubt he would obtain the sympathy of his fe llow - countrymen in resisting an net of arbitrary power. What is his conduct now? Does he venture to profess igno , ranee for whom the Alabama and the -steam rams have been built ? Does he pretend to think thatin building such ships for the Confederates he did not violate the laws of his country ? Has he the cour age to assert that laws passed to maintain neutrality are mischievous, and ought not to be enforced ?' Would any dispassionate man hesitate to condemn a nation which promises to stand neutral and then allows hostile expeditions to be fitted out in its har bours, or to blame the blind selfishness of the British shipbuilder, who cannot discern the fatal conse quences to himself should his conduct be taken as a precedent ? If Mr. Laird had boldly said that he disapproved of the neutrality laws, and that he con sidered himself justified " in driving a coach and six through" their provisions; or if he had said that, in acting as he had done, he has been anxious to avoid violating these laws either in the spirit or in the letter; if he had dropped a single word to scow that he valued the peace and honour of his country apbosoivteionhis wouldgains h andavebeen very different f ro m that profits as a shipbdild e r, his which he now occupies. But he has said none of these present law can easily be evaded. He has boasted things. He has openly announced that the of being " an old hand at fittting out secret expedi tions," and he has explained how it could be done in the teeth of the Act of Parliament. According to him nothing can be simpler. Faith, he says, must be placed in somebody. Mr. Jefferson Davis has his agents in this country. They place faith in Mr. Laird. Both parties understand each other. No agency can be proved. Alabamas and steam rams are built, nobody can tell for whom. They sail out, hoist the Confederate flag, and devastate Northern commerce. Mr. Laird is perfectly right, and nudes - stands his business thoroughly. If any English shipbuilder is willing to place faith in a belligerent Government—to conspire with the agents of Mr. Jefferson Davis to evade the Foreign Enlist ment Act, nothing can be easier. On the other hand, if any shipbuilder is determined to obey the law in spirit as well as in letter, and to refuse to build men-of-war until he has ascertained for whom they are intended, nothing can be easier. But Mr. Laird prefers the former course. With him patriotism and honour are superstitious : money-making and increase of business are the objects of his devotion. Mr. Laird has determined to evade the laws of the country. He has succeeded in his design. He openly glories in his success. The only question is, what is the duty of the Go vernment under the circumstances? COUNTRY MARKETS. ►"------ GLOUCESTER—OcT. 24. There was a good show of English wheat to-day, and the currencies of lam, week about maintained. Foreign wheat was dull, and prices tending downwards. Barley is per quarter under late prices. Beane and oats sold very slowly. COLCHESTER—OcT. 24. There was a moderate supply of wheat to-day, but the demand still slow, and the rates of last week were generally made. Barley of fine quality realised fully late prices, and other sorts a better sale. Beans 18 cheaper, and peas were unaltered. Wheat, white ..44s 48s Beans, Mazagan ..338 358 red ...42s 46s middle & 5ma11.358 42s Barley Oats CHELMSFORD—OcT. 23. At this corn exchange to-day there was not a large supply of wheat, with a fair business done. White maintained the prices of las , week ; but red rather declined. Best barley unchanged in price ; interior sorts at a slight reduction. Beans, peas, and oats unchanged in value. Wheat, old white 30s 47s Yeas, Partridge.... 36s 395 new 44s 48s White 38s 395 old red....34s 40s Boiling 39s 41s new 38s 42s Dun 33s 36s Barley 27s 36s Ditto new —s —5 Chevalier ..... .. 28s 39s Beans, Tick, old 34s 39s Grinding 22a 31s new..—s —0 Malt. Gls 67s Harrow Ticks ..35s 40s Chevalier ... 64s 69s new ..—s —a Oats 20s 28s Mazagan .......30s 385 KIRKCALDY GRAIN—OcT. 24. We had moderate supplies of all descriptions of grain at market to-day, at about last week's rates. Wheat. Barley. Oats. First....33s Od I 25s Od I 16s Od Second ..33s 6d 27s Od 17s Od Od 29s Od 188 6d COAL Frloes of Coal per 'lon a s. d. .A.KKET. the close of the market. Byass's Bebside West Hartley . ...16 3 Davison's West Hart- a. irl. ley ----- ..16 6 Lambert's West Hart- ley 16 0 Twatield Moor 14 0 Fantleid Moor Butes l4 0 West Hartley 16 3 walker Primrose 13 6 Eden Main ...18 0 Walls End. Haswell..... ..20 01 Trim(lon Hartlepool...l9 6 Vouch Hetton 20 01 South Hartlepool 18 31 Ships at market. Walls End. Hetton 2O 0 Tunstall ...... Heugh Hall 18 6 South Kelloe lB 6 Rid de11..... ~ l7 3 East Hartlepool 20 t Framwellgate . l7 6 Eden 18 0 Cassop 18 6 Hartlepool 19 6 h. elloe Belmortt .17 6 Mussel's Hetton 19 0 0 Acorn Close 1 8 Gosforth l7. 3 t, 146 ; sold, 103. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. ---- - .I.ustralia and Mauritius, via Southampton. Nov. 1 2* via Marseilles ... Nov. I. o ' &sail and Cape Verds, by British packet Nov. 4. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena Oct. '29. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton Nov. 2- - via Marseilles Oct. 27. Falkland Islands .. aibraltar, via Southampton .. Oct. 2G. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Oct. 26 via Marseilles Oct. 27. India (Bombay), via Southampton via Marseilles Oct. 21. Portugal.... Nov. 4. Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Oct. 25. via Marseilles Oct. 21. Newfoundland Oporto and Vigo .. U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet Oct. 22 by U.S. packet by Canadian packet. Oct. 31. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneritie ..Nov. 10. Bahamas, via New York Nov. 19. Mexico.. All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, California. and British Columbi a .. 1 Oct. 29. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Horniman's pure Tea; very choice at 3s. 4d. and 4s. " High Standard "at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in evorY town supply it in packets. ADVERTISEMENT.]—Avoid medicines: they always aggra vate chronic complaints, but Du Barry's Delicious Health Restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, which saves fifty 00 0 its cost in other remedies, invariably cures them, restoring' Grocers Chemists 1: perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, healthy M el ' pure blood, refreshing sleep, functional regularity, and energy to the most disordered or enfeebled. We extract a few O ut of 60,000 Cures :—Cure No. 58,216 of the Marchioness de Brehan, Paris, of a dver complaint, wasting away for seven years, debility, with a nervous palpitation all over, D 3 '' digestion, constant sleeplessness, the most intolerable nervoini agitation, and dreadfully low spirited.—Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies, Lord Lieut. of Waterford, of many Ye ars :, dyspepsia.—No. 49,832. "Fifty years' indescribable agOni from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation: flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting.—Maria Jolly of nhh s larßinndegvs, Jae,Nv —Cure No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley, SurreY, thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derange • Elizabeth ment, and partial deafness.—Cure No. 47,121. " of ' street, London; Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, insd4 spirits, and nervous fancies.—Care No• T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, treatment' torpi dity of the liver, which had resisted us. ; 121 b., 22s • )b' In tins, 1 lb., 2s. 9d. ; 21b., 4s. 6d • 102 an Kingdom• every town of the United King 4 a O ls s o . —FBoarrtnryumpuandarMryasaonndo" No. 77 Regent-street nt d all (zarlocl Births. BElvEs. _o 2a the 25th inst., at Hythe, the wife of Colonel B e wee, of a daughter. it y,—On the 25th inst., at 57, Queen Anne-stree DE C a -T endish-square , the wife of the Yen. Archdeacon Dealtry, of a daughter, HALronu.—On the 24th inst., at Dytchley, Oxfordshire' the Hon. Mrs. Augustus Halford, of a daughter. WALYER.—On the 18th inst., at 250, St. Paul's-roe' Highbury, the wife of Thomas A. Walker, EE(I., of a son and heir. Marriages. MARTIN—THACKER.—On the 26th inst , at St. James''c Pentonviae, Robert Martin, of Great inst. to , Jane, eld es t d aughter of the late Thomas Doe Macke of Wilmington-square, Clerkenwell. ', YARROW—GAL LATLY.—Ou the 26th inst., at St. Lu y - es f Old-street, G eorge Eugene Yarrow, MLC.S., 86c :; :e Central-street, E.C., to Anne, eldest daughter of Go" Gallatly, E sq ., o f t h e same place. CENUAGEN.—o n D t e h a e t 2 h 3 s d . ELAN •k at Bow, J . Blanckenhagen, Esq. BONN ER.—On the 24th inst., at Peckham, WiWilliam Ge°' Bonner, Esq., late of Rood-lane. CLARKS.—On the 24th inst., at 190, Shore ditch, Sh d'tch J Ohil Clarke, aged 31. C. CRUTTENDEN.—On the 24th inst., the Rev. William,. A Cruttenden, rector of Alderley, Cheshire, aW 88. GOWAR.—On the 23d inst., Stephen Gowar, of The Gro ve and Broadway, Stratford, aged 51. LENGERKE.—On the 24th inst., at Brunswick Forest-hill, R. A. Emil von Lengerke, E sq ., a ged 3 3 .. a VERE.—On the 23d inst., at 2 0 , Pa rk-lane, Miss Henry Vane Hope Vere. London : Printed and ni,,,iished by WILLIAM ANDRE vVE' of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TUE SUN Office No. 1 1 Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, ,n the County Middlesex —Tues lay, October 27, 1863. ti of ti al be de u an in be 14'( EV de ou no de