The Sun. — London, England, 1863-10-02 00:00:00

NEW ZE AL AN 11-PROVINCE OF AUCKLAND GOVERNMENT LOAN, £500,000. TIIE BANK OF NEW ZEALAND, Tankers to the General Government of New Zealand, and to the Provincial Government of Auckland, give notice, that TENDERS wit be received until Twelve o'clock on SA t URD AY, the ld Instant, for the BALANCE unallotted of the FIRST INSTALNII4NI' of the above LOAN, viz., £48,250, at and above tke minimum already declared. The portion now advertised will bear interest from the Ist October, 1863. Tenders to be made in conformity with the terms of adver tisement under date 21st ultimo. F. LARKWORTIIY, Managing Director. lank ( . 4 New Zealand. 50, Old ftroad-street, London, Ist October, 1863. DR. WYNTER'S NEW WORK, QUBTLE BRAINS and LISSOM FINGERS : Beth. - Some of the Chisel Marks of Our Industrial and Scientific Progress, may be had at all the Libraries or at any kooksellers, price 6s. By the same Author, CURIOSITIES OE CIVILIZATION. Sixth Edition. Cs. OUR SOCIAL BEES. Sixth Edition. 69. London : Robert Hardwicke, IV2, Piccadilly. Now ready, 629 pp., post Svo., Third and Cheap Edition , price 10s. 6d., OBSCURE DISEASES of the BRAIN and MIND. Py FORBES WiNsLow, D.C.L. Lorid:in : Robert Hardwicke, 192, Piccadilly. ERRMANN. PRESTIDIGITAT ELJR.7- s PRINCESS'S THEATRE.—HERR lIERII3I-4-14Two Performances, EVERY EVI'N F ight. " at h ltres and l'arts—as given by him in all the Principal I . - e ` The Opera Houses of the Continent of Euarope and a d invented whole of the Marvellous Illusions entirely new' -11 Doors by Herr Herrmann. Prices of admission as usua America. open at hall-past 7, THEATRE ROYAL alc oner an DRURY -LAN E. Managers, Messrs. E. F d F. B. Cha ttcrton. THIS EVENING THE DEAL BOATMAN : Messrs. G. e ' more . F . Charles ; Miss R. Leclercq, and Mrs. Edmund Falconer. To conclude with the new' and original Comedy, by Ed ,r1.121" Fal'oner, entitled NAIL RE'S ABOVE ART : A Ro t?ance of the Nursery : Messrs. -Welty' Lacy, Addison, Ryder, loiarrett, G. Belmore• F. Charles. Neville ; Miss Charlotte illinders. Miss Muriay, Miss R. Leclereq, Mrs. Melville, and Alm Edmund Falconer. Ten till Fiv e dail y . Prices as usual. Box-office ope n from Commence at 7. THEATRE ROYA L HAYMARKET.- Open for the Season. Ins EN'I'N, and durITI: AL the Week, t 9 commence at 7, with IrN AN UN LUCK MORTAL Mr. Mr. N\ ill am Farrell, bliss Harris, Evc. After which, at a qua rter to 8, the new Comedy of , yINESSE ; or, i.-py and 1 minter Spy : chariicters by Mr. Allred Vigan, Mr. Chippendale, Mr. Howe, Mr. Buckstone • Dowton, Miss L. Angel, and Mrs. Alfred Wigan. Alrs.Concluding with TURNING THE TABLES. nn Monday, Oct. 2G, Mr. and Mrs. CHAS. MATHEWS mill return to the London stage. piFM THE ATRE-RO VAL, ADELPHL- Sole Prowletor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, at 7, TIIE TRAGEDY QUEEN: Mrs. At 8, the New Drama of LEAH Miss Bateman, supported by Mr. Arthur Stirling (his 2d appearance here), Messrs. H. Phillips, Milne:ton, Stuart, A. Wood, Lberne, Miss H. Simms and Mrs. Billington. To conclude with CATCHING AN HEIRESS : Miss Woolgar and Mr. A. Wood. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Manager, Mr. W. 11. Swanborough. THIS EVENING, WiIERE'S YOUR WIFE. Mr. Bel ford, Miss Simpson. Followed by (65th time) THE MOTTO, "I'M ALL THERE." Messrs. Honey, Turner, E. Danvers, Collier, Clifton; Mesdames Ada Swanborough, P. Josephs, Maria Simpson, Wallace, and Jenny White. --• To conclude with TURN HIM OUT. Mr. Turner, Miss Thorne. Commence at 7. 111 HE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN,' 1_ Containing the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE Can be had Every Evening of G. It. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, llyde-park. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DlY.—Morning, 4h. 59m.—Afternoon, sh. 20m. TO-moßßow.-Morning, sh. 40m.—Afternoon, 611 . sm. The Weather—Sun Office, Oct. 2, 1863. THERMOMETER. This day at Two o'clock 64 Barometer-29.83.' Wind—South-Westerly; light, and cloudy. y - ° SIM, LONDON, FRIDAY, ocr. 2, 1563. Hastened onward probably by a knowledge of the importance of the tidings of which she was the bearer, the Cunard steamer Scotia, due at Queenstown on this (Friday) afternoon, arrived at her destination at cock crow this morning, after a passage of eight days and a half across the Atlantic. The intelligence brought by the Scotia is certainly, when we come to look into it, as remarkable, almost we had said as startling, as any that has for a long while past come to us from the American seat of war. There were rumours, it will be remembered, brought to us at the close of the last mail, to the effect that General ROSENCRANz hod suffered some severe discomfiture. But they were only rumours. No reliable particulars were there accompanying that statement encouraging any one to believe it. These `vague reports, howuver, as to some serious disaster having befallen the Federal force under General ROSEN GRAN 2,are now,us it turns out,to the full Con firmed and justified. The defeat of General ROSEN CRANZ by the Confederate army under General BRAGG is an event now quite unmistakeable. The discomfitted Federals, having been engaged vigorously by General BRAGG ox two suc- cessive days, the 19th and 20th ultimo, near Chickamauga Creek, were compelled, on the following morning, that of the 21st, to beat a retreat to Chattanooga. The results of the con flict, which appears, as usual, to have been very severe, are these —that General BRAGG has captured from his antagonist twenty guns and taken five hundred prisoners, the Federals themselves owning to a total loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners of twelve thousand men! The numerical force col lected together by General BRAGG before the com- mencement of this attack upon the position o the Federals under General ROSENCRANZ cannot as yet be estimated with anything like accuracy It was variously reported at New York on the morning of the 23d ult., before the departure of the :Scotia on her eastward voyage, to have been an army of from 70,000 to 90,000 men. It is tolerably certain, however, already, that before BRAGG'S lalovement, ho had been considerably reinforced by troops despatched to him from all directions, by ' LEE, by JOHNSTONE, and by BEAUREGARD. The I Z tani ng o f the recent withdrawal of the ti c :lederate Commander-in-Chief upon the Rapi becomes in this way already compre hensible, Every one who has watched ittikt "av r`l u t t a t rY of that great master of war since the ''4arleetnent k n ew that there was, in COMITIOA "te 4 i came apparent 1,, som ething in it," when it be his ant agonist 'lt, instead of advancing a g ainst -\ drawing to ,; e 4 ''' b E, he had resolved upon with his late headquart P4iti Qu, slightly to the rear of Rapidan, One rea"' namely, to the line of t he n e b lea `ling him to this modifi cation of his pl ans, th at Chickama nga cree ,' lttl ' of the 19th and 20th, rendered already apparent, That contest:amil having been preceded by th:tril't" airvidy noted, rein forcements from LEE'S main armyan%naission of rein reinforcements coming up sin t. °laaco! Other NSTONI: ftiadZs A lY and very gutitEGAßD— opportunely from Jon enabling General BRAGG to seize 20 prisoners as trophies of his victory 0:: r 7 d 5" CRANZ—ROSENCRANZ confirming the truth o ' t (ls t E : victory by his retreat upon Chattanooga, i f t „ baid MANHATTAN in his very last letter, published only yesterday, "if LEE should chance to take Washington, we shall see gold at 200 !" The Con- federate Commander-in-Chief has not (yet) taken Washington, is still ((or the time being) at his lest chosen quarters on the linidan. It is General BRAGG (on!v) who has gained a victory over RosuicßANz, not within sight of Washington, but at Chick smanga Creek, thence driving the defeated Fe. derKls back to Chattanooga—and Yet with the Capital tultaken, even unapproached, gold, on the first news of General ROSENCRANZ'S defeat, in exchange went up to 155! Even by the closing quotation upon the evening of the 22d, receding only to 151-V. And then merely rallying so far, not because of any good news, so to speak, but for no better tidings than that the po sition of ROSENCEANZ was then supposed to be slightly less disastrous or less critical than it had at first been spotted. Two fragments of the intelli gence brought to us by the Scotia, read r ather cm,- d nously, it must b© confessed, so far as they ten to indicate the imminent impossibility of a war bet we en France a nd the Federals—one being an intimation through the New York World, the h the New York h erald. The latter o th er throw, Vi ce President stating—" It is report ed that STEPHENS has gone to Europe with an offer to cede Texas to France in return for French assistance to the Confederate Government. The former asserting that information has reached New Orleans that the French had occupied Matamoras with 5,000 troops. A. collision is expected to take place at the mouth of the Rio Grande between the French and Federal gunboats on matters connected with cotton and supplies for the Confederates." Straws—these are not—thrown up to indicate in which direction blows the fiery wind of war. Rather, let us say, flickering flambeaux, telling us by the drift of their fierce flame the one direction of its hot breath. Among the numerous maps and charts published annually for our instruction and guidance, there is perhaps none which has so strong a claim upon our notice as the small and unpretending map yearly set before us by the National Lifeboat In- atitution. If it be well that we should be able to track the steps of discoverers in distant and unknown lands, to realise the vicissitudes of war by following the course of a campaign, it is un doubtedly also desirable that we should know the perils lurking round our own familiar shores, that we should not be ignorant of the spots close to us, where courage and skill are as nobly shown as even on a field of battle, where brave men laid down their lives in tho struggle with the elements. Such ,nformatiou the Wreck Chart freely gives us. startles us from our fancied security and boasts of progress to learn that, so far from diminishing, the statistics of our naval disasters show a decided in crease, not only in number but in ratio ; that is to iv, not only the actual amount of shipwrecks has been greater, which might be owing merely to increased traffic, but that a larger number were wrecked in proportion to the voyages made. One wreck ont of every 201 ships was the average, whereas the chronicles of the year just past show one wreck for every 147 vessels sailing. During :he twelve months of 1862 no less than 1,827 wrecks and casualties occurred on the shores of the United Kingdom alone, accaEnpanied unfortunately by the loss of 690 lives. There is some consolation attending the last item, seeing that the average of deaths from these casualties has been 800, and that consequently the exertions of our lifeboat institu- tions, and other means, have been rewarded with increased success. The Wreck Chart plainly tells us that the experience of the past year is very unfavourable. It therefore becomes us as a maritime nation to inquire closely into the matter, and to ascertain by what means such catastrophes may be diminished in number, if they cannot be prevented. The number of vessels which entered inwards and cleared outwards from different British ports last year was 268,40, and it is estimated that these ships bad on board more than a million and half of men. It is, therefore, only reasonable to believe that a large number of casualties and dis- asters must eventually occur under the most favourable circumstances. It remains to be seen whether the number that does actually take place Exceeds the inevitable average. In the first place, it is worthy of note that a large proportion of the vessels lost were the ordinary coasting colliers, which are mostly ill-found, ill-manned vessels, whose owners take very insufficient precautions to ensure their safety. Tne ages of some of these ships would certainly not improve their credit at an insurance office. A collier sloop, which foun dered last December off the east coast with the loss of all hands, was 71 years of age! Another, which went down under very similar circumstances, was still more venerable, being 99 years old. The want of good ground tackle and sailing gear, the reckless and indifferent manner in which these vessels nre sent to sea, ib quite enough to account for the fact rhat " the destruction of hundreds of them, even in moderate gales, is now reduced to a matter of cer- teinty." Nearly 800 out of the 1,800 vessels that were lost were under 300 tons, a fact that is not surprising, when we remember how numerous are the vessels of this class round the coast. We may hope for some improvement in the fitting out of these vessels, as many of the large shipowners are interesting then:selves in carrying out the project brought forward by Mr. LAIRD, of submitting an chors and cables to a regular test before a ship can be insured. Were this plan once fairly carried out we should hear of fewer wrecks on our coast, and a better and higher spirit would be infused into the trade. That the whole of the wrecks must not be laid to adverse elements is proved by the fact that 23 vessels were wrecked 5.n perfectly calm weather ; 28 in light airs ; 56 in light breezes ; 48 in gentle breezes ; 110 in moderate breezes ; 187 iu fresh breezes ; 193 in strong breezes ; all which grada tions are reckoned below the degree of " moderate gales." Only 321 of the wrecks were under the command of masters holding certificates of compe tency ; while, as a proof of th© necessity of some change in the equipment of vessels, 25 of the total wrecks were lost from defects in the ships or equipments, while 66 parted their cables cr dragged their anchors. The need of additional harbours of refuge on some of the more exposed parts of our coast is forcibly demonstrated by the Wreck Chart —a fact fully appreciated by Lord RAVENSWORTII, when, before bringing on a motion on the subject in the Upper House, he caused a large copy of it to be suspended in their lordships' library. The number of vessels lost and damaged by collisions, which frequently occur in daylight and clear wea ther, is so great that we must certainly class a large proportion of them among the preventible disasters. We must hope for some change for the better in this respect from the new regulations just issued by the Board of Trade. The valuable ser v i ces ren dered by the lifeboats and the brave sailors 'who man them, have long been recognised by the publi c , mi d additional proof is afforded every year of the efficacy of its exertions. Within six years life. boats end life-saving apparatus have been the means of saving 4,169 lives. Daring the past year the) rescued 358 lives, besides saving 21 vessels. Tht. number of rewards given by the society for saving life since its formation is 13,220, and it h as expended upwards of 175,000 cm lifeboats and their appliances. It must be re illen'bered, too, that the men whom it employs are often true heroes, well deserving of the highest rewards that can be offered them. As is justly remarked juron ai, : ,, in the cur ren t number of th e " Lifeboat The reli e f o f a wreck is no me re child's i play : t often occupies hours of hard, dangerous, ' and unremitting toil. It is no mere sudden flash of generosity that is re "'red—no enthusiasm burn t out as soon as kindled —but that steady, undaunted LOIN 09N. F IDA Y EVF y OBER 2, 1_563 . , ro t: ythe ihni times as well as the NID BREWSTER has recently of danger." pluck' which s d ir is highly interesting account of the origin g iven us a . lowesgt n c i l s a h s e s s o l f fEauent Englishmen i of Sir WILLIAM ce to the benevolent exertions of this institution, which, it . seems, owes its exist gentleman, having frequently wit elinneisi:edAlltiYie. h T o h r i r s ors of shipwreck from his residence \ in the Isle of Man, and having himself been instru • mental in saving life, determined to do something to mitigate the evil. Finding the Admiralty and other official powers, as usual, inert and indifferent, he convened a public meeting, and stirred up the sympathies of the public, so that, at the London Tavern on the 4th of March, 1824, the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck was founded under his auspices. The great and good work then begun has never since been abandoned. It has gained in extent and importance until foreign princes and potentates I are eager to contribute to its stores, and prompt to acknowledge the obligations which, through their countrymen, they owe to it. We cannot doubt that it will now, as heretofore, command the ready assistance of the public in its appeals for support, since, however great may be the precautions taken, and however favourable the circumstances, a large number of wrecks and disasters at sea is inevita ble on the sea-board of a maritime nation. While mer are to be found to do the work of danger, surely we need not hesitate to give our pounds when they give their lives, The Lifeboat Insti tution is an association of the greatest practical value, and not the least of its services is the col lecting of clear and authentic information, which is the first step to taking wise and profitable action. Speeches from members of Parliament seem to be n fashion just now. It is true that this often occurs at this time, but this year they are more than e ver prevalent. Perhaps the reason is that the member.' of the legislature are determined to make up f o r lost time, and as the French would say, dedomniage hemselves for their shortcoming and scanty debates of the past session. The Duke of MARlBoßollol i and Mr. HENLEY have been busy at Wo o d s tock. The Duke, in a short speech, remarked on the great mprovement that had taken place in regard to the work of this and other societies. He said it a l l owed how much better they were now appreciated by agriculturists, and this gratifying fact was shown by the increased attendance at these meetings, and ,he improvement of the shows which took place His Grace truly remarked that the "interests 0 ggriculture in this country are paramount, they are second to none that can be named. Manufacturlt'g and commercial interests were manifold i n their claims to a prominent place in its ann a ls and its history, but notwithstanding this, it would be found that agriculture would maintain its ancient Pro°li- nence." There was more than the flattery su it e d to noble a festive occasion in these stateme n t s , and the when speaker also added an equally co rrect remark he said that there was room for ample improvem ent in the "agriculture of this country." H e held out an incentive to his hearers to urge them on to re newed exertions by mentioning th a t th ey oust keep pace with the sister interest, f or h e ca lled it that, and not an antagonistic one, of manufacture. They there saw what wonderful effects the combined in- flnence of capital, energy, and intellectual power worked, and he would ask wh e th er the b o untiful soil GOD had given them was not as capable of ren dering a return for the like ad van t age s as menu• factures and commerce. S o f ar t his discourse was encouraging, and al so i nv i gora ting. Mr' t h e Duke, HENLEY corroborated the r emar k s of and also adduced a valuable testimony to tho truth of the favourable opi n i on expressed regarding England. He said th a t we m i g h t b e vain and con ceited in our notions, or , at a l l events, too partial in our opinions, out a distinguished forei g ner like the Duke D'AUMALE, w h o res i ded in this country , was likely to take a j us t v i ew of what be Saw before him. This Princ e h a d expresse d a favou rable opinion of them as far mers and Eng lishmen. He said that it was well f or us that we were indepen dent in our managem en t of these s ocieties, and Government had nothi ng t o do w i t h our farming. Mr. HENLEY contradi cte d the asser tion that had been made by some people that after free trade was introduced the first spring of agriculture took place. He said that the fi rs t spr i ng took p l a ce 40 or 50 of this century there was a n agr i cultura l years ago. So f a r b ac k as the beg inning was supported by P ar li amentary g rants. Some years after the Gover nment got econ omical, and the society was snuffed ou t. The Roy so ciety, which a l Agricultural Society then sprung up. A a to progressing ho did not think that agriculture had ever stood &till. In thorough draining, he considered that a great im provement had tak en p l ace. Also , another advan tage was, that th e y b rought stock to mark et quicker. Then, in machinery, impr ovements had gone on gradu a lly f rom the ,4 roug h horse-thrashing machine to those st eam i working at ev er y One of these shows." Mr. HENLEY concluded hi s interest i ng speech by not ob serving that th e y could mo ve in too much mplements which we see hurry,'they must o ft en have to tes t the value of this or that experim en t b efore they put it in practice_ They must watch th e effect of three o r four seasons, they could not always " jump a t conclusions as if their experiments were made -within four walls, and under a fi xed condit i on of things." He thought th a t by the exer cise of dis crimination by watching the e ff e ct of inven tions, and adopti ng those that promised to be of eventual benefit, th ey m ight keep the agri culture of their Country, a s it now was, at the head of -- the agriculture of the world. Mr. HEN LEy ' B ora tion was remarkable for solid sense and ste r li ng argumen t. He adopted the happy middle co urse, which so few can attain to with any degree of success, and seemed alike re moved from incautious haste, and over-reticence of procedure. We need some such cha racters now-a days in the whirl of e ddying events to restrain t he too eager and imp e t uous f ro m dashing on at rail road speed, and bringing themselves and others to destruction. There is sometimes as much or more danger in being too fast as in being too slow, and they are fortunate who find in their advisers that desirable and necessary difference of opinion which imparts a strength from its very variety, and incul eates the best precepts that opposing candidates have to olier. That is one of the great advantages of these agricultural societies that those who attend them have so many oppoia unities of hearing divers opinions expressed on all topics that can imme diately claim their attention or locally off, ct their interests. They may differ from some altogether and only partially agree with another, but still some passages of a speech that they dissent from may contain instruction for them, or it may serve to them a new light on an old subject. Tot homines tot sen tentice is a quaint adage of antiquity, and its veracity is often seen in the meetings of' this day, but still from the diversity of opinions great advantages are derived. They are generally neutral grounds of discussion, and from them are banished acerbity of t'eeling and irritation of sentiment. The members and the visitors for the most part agree to differ, and when once this understanding exists the results are always beneficial to all parties who are line , rested in the affair, LATEST INTELLIGENCE. [RELJTER'S TELEGRAMS.] AMERICA. DEFEAT AND RETREAT OF ROSE- CRAT.TZ. NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 21 (Morning). (Per the Scotia.) QUEENSTOWN, OCT. 2. The royal mail steamer Scotia, from New York, on the 23d ult., arrived here at 5.30 a.m. She brings 121 passengers and 395,000 dollars in specie. She landed 100 sacks of mails and seven passengers, and proceeded at 6 a.m. All well. She made the passage in 81 days. General Rosecranz has been defeated, and eon- pelled to retreat to Chattanooga, after two days' fighting, by Gen. Bragg, who had been heavily reinforced by Lee, Beauregard, and Joe Johnstone. Gold, 40. The details of General Roseeranz's defeat are meagre. The following is an account of the first day's battle. On the morning of the 19th the Con , federates attacked General Rosecranz near Ciaicka. manga Creek. A fierce musketry engagement ensued, the wooded nature of the ground preventing the use of artillery. Early in the engagement the Confederates captured five guns of the celebrated Loomas battery. Fierce fighting continued till 2 o'clock in the afternoon, when the Federal centre was pushed, broken, and retreated in disorder, pur sued by the Confederates, who were, however, afterwards checked and driven. back. The Conftderi!es then drove General Davis's division back with heavy loss, capturing every gun of the Bth Indiana Regiment. Davis, however, succeeded in rallying. his forces, and retook his guns. General Reynolds' division suffered sev2rely, but maintained its position. Palmer's division lost two guns. Van Cleve's division lost i grouud, and did not regain its position. A general fight continued until long alter dark. At its termination both armies are said to have occupied the same ground as at the commencement The Federals captured ten guns and lost seven. NEW YORK, SEPT. 22 (Morning). The New York World asserts that information has reached New Orleans that the French had occupied Matamoras with 5,000 troops. A collision is expected to take place at the mouth of the Rio Grande between the French and Federal gunboats on matters connected with cotton and supplies for the Confederates. Cortes, the Governor of Sonora, has arrived at Washington. It is rumoured that his object is to establish a Mexican alliance with the Federal Government. The New York Herald says :—" It is reported that Vice-President Stephens has gone to Europe with an offer to cede Texas to France in return for French assistance to the Confederate Government. NEW YORK, SEPT. 23 (Morning). (Per the Scotia.) The following are the details of the battle, fought on the 20th day of September, be tween Itosecranz and Bragg :—The eng&gement commenced late on the morning of the 20th. Soon afterwards General Thomas, holding the Faleral left,called for reinforcements, and at noon was corn pelled to retreat. The second line of reinforce ments, with M'Cook's corps, which was on the right and intended as a reserve, was sent to rein , force Thomas, Van Cleve holding the front centre, and Crittenden's corps were also or dered to the left, their places being filled by Davis and Sheridan, who had hardly formed in line before the CoLfederate lino burst upon the Federal centre. This lasted twenty minutes, when Van Cleve, on Thomas's right, gave way. Sheridan and Davis's corps broke in disord( r, borne down by Bishop Polles corps. Negley's and Van Cleve's divisions rallied and held their places on the right and left of Thomas's corps. Davis and Sheridan late in the day rallied 3,000 men and joined Thomas, who, being cut off from the right, took up an independent pcmition, when he was reinforced by two divisions, and maintained a stubborn fight till after dark, retiring at night to Roseville, where he received orders to join Rose cranz, who was concentrating at Chattanooga. It is reported that the Confederates engaged Thranas again on the 21st, and it was doubtful if he could reach Chattanooga that night. There were indications on the night of the 21st that the Con,. federates contemplated a demonstration on another part of Rosecranz's line. Bragg's army is variously estimated at from 70,000 to 06,000 strong, The Federal loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners is estimated at 12,000 men. 1,300 Confederate prisoner s h av e been sent to Nashville. Intercepted. Southern despatches state that General Bragg engaged General Rosecranz on the 19th and 20th, capturing 20 guns and 500 prisoners. General Burnside is moving to reinforc e Rose cranz. 300 of Burnsid e ' s troops w ere surrounded on the 9th near Knoxvill e . News has been received from Charleston to the 20th September. It is reported that the Monitors were unable to pa ss up to Charleston. The erecti on of Federal batteries i n F or t Gregg and Cumming's Point was proceeding slowly, on account of the a nnoyance from the Confederate batteries which fired every 20 General Lee's Minutes. The Confed era t es were reported to be re pa i r i ng F o rt Sumter. and Meade's armie s a re confrontin g each other on th e Rap id an . Moro frosts have damaged the Kentucky tobacco crops. Gold, 37!. Considerable anx i ety, if not alarm, is expressed in -Washington at the probable recognition of the Southern Confederacy by France. A letter from Washington states that the Emperor Napoleon consented to form an alliance with the Confede rates and assist them to establish their independ ence as early as D e cember last, provided they wouldSeld Texas to France. The C onfederates i objected to the conditions, thinking that peace with the Federal States could be more cheaply obtained. The mission of V,cE-Presrdent Stephens, under taken in Jay last, was, it is asserted, a last attempt to secure a compromise before accepting the Emperor's term s . His failure to obtain an audi ence with President Lincoln decided the Govern ment at Richmond to despatch Mr. Stephens to Paris, with full powers to negotiate wit h t he Em peror. Thou an impression prevails that Though t h e statement is disbelieved, as to the price ofrecognition, [ the recognitio n itself has been final l y de t ermined upon. A fugitive white man, recently arrived hero frcm the Southern States, reports that R:chmond is in a most perfect condition of defence ; that 100 guns cover the approach to the city by the river alone ; that sufficient wheat, corn, and beef for the use of the Confederates has been produced during the year, and that luxuries only are deficient. lie adds that the citizens of Charleston are fully determined to destroy their city rather than surrender it, and that everything is in readiness for the application of the torch, in case it should be found necessary to abandon it. Letters from New Orleans of the 11th state that a great tight had taken place between the 2d divi bion of the expedition under General Herron, and a large Confederate force near Morganza, south of the mouth of the Red River, in which it was be• lieved that General Herron bad been defeated. The third column, under General Washburne, met with no better success, and had been unable to advance into the interior, from the want of gunboats to pro tect his crossing of Berwick's Bay. Deserters from the Army of the Potomac daily suffer the penalty of death for their violation of the Articles of War. Seven of these unfortunates were shot on Friday last. Considerable alarm is felt for the safety of General Burnside, who, it is thought, will be intercepted in his perilous march from Knoxville. Of 1,127 men draughted in.the City of Hartford only four have gone to the army, and of them two are negroes. It begins to be admitted in Ministerial circles in Washington that the Conscription Act is a failure, and that more men and of a superior class were obtained at less expense under the Volunteer system. A recent case under the Conscription Act excites much interest. Mr. S. L. Crocker, of Boston, son of an ex-member of Congress and brother-in-law of Gen. Couch, having been draughted, presented a substitute whom the Provost Marshal refused to accept. Mr. Crocker appealed to the authorities at Washington, but the decision of the Provost Marshal was sustained, and Mr. Crocker received a second notice to report for duty. Mr. Crocker, failing to comply, was arrested, declared to be an able-bodied man by the Examining Board, and ordered into the service, the decision of the War Department having deprived him of the privilege of paying the corn mutation fee or furnishing another subtitute. The World of to-day says—" That the decisive campaign of the army assembled in the West should have been brought to this complexion is no light or trivial matter. The causes which have led to such a result demand, and Pre trust will receive, the most searching investigation. The attempt which has been made at Washington to throw the crushing responsibility of this heavy blow and great discou ragement upon General Burnside, were it even successful, would not liberate the masters and managers of General Burnside from their just public accountability. It was they, or the chief of them, who planned the grand scheme of which Rosecran z was tho inadequate performer, and Burnside the constitutional Marplot.' " The latest intelligence from Charleston is to the 19th inst., at which time the siege had been tem porarily suspended. The Charleston Courier of the 16th states that the Confederate steamer Sumter had been sunk be tween Forts Moultrie and Sumter ti few days pre viously, but does not mention from what cause. The expedition to the Teche country, of which the first division, under General Franklin, met with such a disastrous repulse at Sabine City, was under taken without the consent of General Banks, the orders for its despatch being issued from Wash ngton. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK, SEPT. 22 (Evening). The first news of Gen. Rosecranz's defeat received on Monday last sent gold up to 401, and exchange to 155. They yesterday, however, receded, under the impression that Rosecranz's position was better than the first accounts represented. The closing quotations to• day are—Gold, 37Z- ; exchange, 1511; stocks dull; New York Central, 1361; Illinois, 1231 ; Erie, 10617 5 per Cent. United States Bonds, 95; 6 per Cent. do., 1061. Cotton very firm—Middling upland, 74c. Flour advanced on Monday 30c., and wheat and corn, 4c. to 7e., but declined yesterday; flour losing 15c., and wheat and corn, ic. to 3c. of the advance. The markets for these articles are now dull. Provisions, good inquiry. Coffee and molasses steady. Sugar advancing. Petroleum, crude, steady, at 361 to 371 c. ; refined, good en quiry, at 58 to 59c. CANADA. A vote of want of confidence in the Government has been defeated in the Canadian Parliament by a majority of two. JAPAN. NEW YORK, SEPT. 22 (Morning). Advices from Kanagavva to the 10th state that :he British fleet had sailed for the western shores to punish the Daimios. FRANCE. PARIS, OCT. 2. Their Majesties wilt return to St. Cloud on the sth or 6th of October. The Empress will return by sea. THE PONTIFICAL STATES. ROME, OCT. 1. The public Consistory was occupied this morn. ng in the beatification of Queen Christina of Naples. The Pope's secret Consistory afterwards appointed four bishops for Spain, one for Portugal, and three in partibus. EGYPT. THE INUNDATION OF THE NILE. ALEXANDRIA, OCT. 1. The inundation of the Nile now covers 4,000 hectares of land and five kilometres of the railway. • _ The Government is taking precautions against further disasters, and the army is employed to watch the dykes. ERRATUM.—The lines quoted in our second loader yesterday, exquisite household words with us all, as they are, it hardly requires to be said, are from the "De serted Village" of Oliver Goldsmith, not from the pen of the Ayrshire Ploughman. MR. ROBERT CHAMBERS is yet far from well. Mrs, Chambers died on Tuesday, Sept. 29. A very large demand for monetary accommoda tion has again been experienced in all quarters this morning. At the Bank of England, where the brokers are now resorting for advances on stock in the ensuing half yearly dividends, the business negotiated is veryllarge, and although their borrow ings have been exceedingly heavy, nearly £3,000,000 will be paid on the Bth by the India Council. The lowest rate charged for first class bills iv the open market is 4 per cent., but the transactions concluded at this figure represent but a very small number, the principal portion being negotiated at much higher quotations. The tenders for the New Zealand Loan of the Auckland Provincial Government were opened yesterday afternoon at the New Z'aland Bank. The first instalment amounts to £lOO,OOO, and offers were made representing £144,500. The minimum was fixed at 105, which, reckoning 1:3 for interest already accrued, is reduced to 1102. £71,750 was tendered for and accepted, at surns ranging from £lO5 to £ll5, the balance unaccepted being £72,780, at prices ranging from par to the minimum. The unallotted portion, £28,250, is to be placed again on Saturday, when tenders Will be received till 12 o'clock. LITERATURE, Our Garden Friends and Foes. By the Rev. J. G. Wood. One vol., pp. 438. Routledge and Co. Perhaps no volume ever appeared more oppor tunely than this guide to Our Friends and Foes in Garden and Greenhouse. It comes forth in the very midst of tie discussions now rife in regard to Bird Murder. It is the work of ono known not only as an eminent proficient, but also as a distinguished and recognised authority in regard to the study of Natural History. The rev. author is entitled already to the very notable distinction among naturalists of having done more in his time towards the mite larising of the science, towards the familiaris ing of his fellow-countrymen with a knowledge of the fauna and flora of all climates, but more particularly of the fauna and flora of the United Kingdom, than any other individual that could be mentioned. A yet more profound, be cause a far more practised and experienced natu ralist, might of course be recognised in the venerable squire of Walton Hall, that good and gifted Charles Waterton, who has long since taken his place among the greatest masters of the twin studies of zoology and ornithology. But while eminent him self as a cultivator of both those sciences, and while adding to his wide and ripe, to his perpetually widening and ripening, scholarship, both as a zoolo gist and as an ornithologist, an intimacy quite as remarkable in its way with the other branches or divisions of Natural History, with botany and entomology for example, we may pretty confidently repeat in other and more emphatic words, what we have just now remarked in regard to the Rev. J. G. Wood's labours (of love) in popu larizing the study of Natural History, that in that one respect he is at this moment quite unrivalled. Upon the same familiar shelf where stands our well thumbed copy of the Rev. Gilbert White's Natural History of Selborne, we have long had reason to place side by side with that beloved book, the Rev. J. G. Wood's "Common Objects of the Seashore." Supplementing the great encyclopaedic work of Buffon, comes, we also remark, our author's popular Natural History illustrated. Several other volumes of a less comprehensive na ture he has besides that issued from the press : and now—as the latest, and certainly also as the most happily timed of all his productions in this way—he gives us this very complete and welcome manual. A manual, it will be found to be, by the aid of which anyone may readily and infallibly distinguish between these creatures swarming around us, whether bird or insect, in our gardens, in our greenhouses, in the very bow-pots in our windows, upon our plo's of grass, and in our boxes of mignionette ! Knowing at once, in regard to each and all of them, how it is, they ought in justice and in truth to be regarded and dealt with, namely, whether as Friends or as Foes, How essential some reliable guide in this three don, in drawing precisely this very distinc tion, has become, the very controversy already referred to in regard to the Little Birds and their Murderers, has within the last few weeks tended signally and conclusively to demon strate. And here, off-hand, in the very nick of time, as it were, here, in these amusing and in structive pages by the Rev. J. G. Wood, we have the very guide-book, wanted, placed in our hands. It is the first book of the kind, we believe, that has ever yet made its appearance. It is the very first work, that is to say, in which the line of division has been carefully and systematically drawn, separating, henceforth, the good from the bad, our friends and our foes, among the insect and bird frequenters, or inhabitants, of our Gardens and Greenhouses, Not only has this been done, as we have said, carefully and systematically in the six and-twenty chapters into which this goodly volume of 433 pages will be found subdivided, but—scat tered through the letter-press descriptions of the birds and insects, and with these also a variety of little animals as familiar to the English naturalist as the lizard, the mole, the weazle, and the hedge hog—the author supplies his reader (in reference to each creature as it runs, flies, or creeps upon the page to be mentioned) with effectual and always very simple directions for the encouraging of the Friends, and the extermination of the Foes of our Gardens, our Flowers, and our Fruit. How essen tial these directions and these stores of information upon such homely matters, have become, may only too readily, we 'might add only toe painfully, be illustrated. Take the little titmouse, for ex ample, and observe in the first place how it is re garded (and treated), and in the next place how it ought to be regarded (and treated). Vulgarly it is looked upon as a very pest to the orchard. Flitting hither and thither among the branches of a fruit tree, observed there to be snap ping off the tender buds and twigs, nibbling at them when snapped off, and then scattering them u pon the ground below, as if in very wilfullywanton w n a ess ay of destruction, it is at once looked upon uy any ignorant person watching its proceedings as one of the worst foes of the gardener anywhere to be found in the whole range of ornithology. The truth being all the while that the little tit mouse is just exactly the reverse, is one of the very best of all the feathered friends of that same grumbling gardener ! The titmouse keeping down by its proceedings above described those swarms of insects that unless destroyed by some such effectual means must as Mr. Wood expresses it (in no way withover emphasis) "devastate our crops:and wither up our flowers." The singular delusion prevalent in regard to that wonderful little insect called absurdly the Earwig (that name being simply a corruption of Earwing, from the exquisite wing of the insect resembling when spread open fan-wise the outline of the human eat), the extraordinary delu sion prevalent in regard to the Earwig, prevalent not only in England but far and wide in most of the countries of Continental:Europe, namely, that it can creep into the ear, penetrate to the brain, and drive its wretched victim through unutterable agonies into a delirium of ,madness—this preposterous and ridiculous delusion in regard to the earwig seems of itself to indicate how much information of precisely the kind contained in this bock of Mr. Wood's is really required even among our educated population. As demonstrative of the prevalence of this idle fancy in regard to the earwig not only in this country but abroad, it is only necessary to re call to mind the fact that while it is designated (from the verbal corruption above mentioned) an Earwig in England, in France it is called Perce oreille, in Germany Ohren-wurrn, and in Sweden Ohren-wetel. Profusely sprinkled through the work, aiding the writer considerably even in the instance of his most vivid descriptions, are upwards of two hundred illustrations by T. W. Wood, by Smith, and by Coleman, many of them, particularly all those Presen ting to us the effigies of the larval as well as of the perfect forms of the insects men tioned in the work, being of the actual size of life ! Whenever the professional gardener or the amateur florist may henceforth be in any doubt whatever as to a discrimination between his Garden Friends and Foes—with this goodly book at hand, his doubts may be at once and quite conclusively dissipated. The caterpillar, the slug, the snail, the woodlouse, the millipede, the grub, the earthworm : hero he may learn how best to be rid of them. Frog and newt, gnat and spider, cabbage-fly and rose-hopper, wasp and glowworm —our author will tell him here, promptly and pleasantly, by a very few words, and often by an entertaining anecdote, how each of them ought to be regarded. Bullfinch and goldfinch, thrush and blackbird, wren and starling, owl and robin, sparrow and chaffinch—he tells all about them, the good and the bad quite dispassionately. To the lady in her conservatory, to the market gardener among his vegetables, to the farmer is his orchard, to the suburban florist among his dahlias and carnations, Mr. Wood's charming volume will prove at all times and seasons as welcome as flowers in May cr apples in October, Louise. . 4)lltV 9" MILT ‘.° ~03 HER MAJESTY. BALMORAL, Sept. 30. The Queen went out in he morning with Princess The Princess Louis of Hesse and Princess Helena rode on horseback. Her Majesty, accompanied by the Princess of Wales, Princess Louis of Hesse, Prince Arthur, and, Prince Leopold, drove and walked in the afternoon. Royal Visits to Edinburgh. EDINBURGH, Thursday Morning. This morning the Crown Prince and Princess of Prussia, with their family and suite, arrived at the Waverley station here en route to Balmoral, by the night express from London. The public were not generally admitted to the platform. Their Royal. Highnesses were received by the Lord Provost an. d Magistrates, Lard Charles Fitzroy, the Prussia:l Consul, and several of the railway officials. They' proceeded to the Douglas's Hotel, St. Andrew square, where apartments have been engaged for the royal party. A considerable number of peopls assembled in the streets leading from the station to the hotel. Thursday Evening. The Crown Prince and Princess visited Edin. burgh Castle in the forenoon and Holyrood in the afternoon, passing through the principal streets and round the Queen's drive. They leave to-morrow (Friday) for Balmoral at 9 a.m. on a visit to her Majesty. The Prince and Princess of Wales arrived from Balmoral at a quarter to 7, and were welcomed al ; the station by the Princess Royal and the Crowe t Prince. The Lord Provost, Magistrates, Sheriff , and General Commanding being also on the plat - form. The royal party drove in the same carriage to the Douglas Hotel. To-day the Town Council will present an addreo 3 to the Prince and Princess of Wales in Holyrood , and the Edinburgh ladies' gift will be presented ti 3 the Princess. The ceremony, in accordance with tI ae express desire of their Royal Highnesses, will be strictly private. Their departure is not fixed. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cain - bridge and tho Princess Mary, attended by Lady Geraldin e Somerset and Colonel Home Purves, are expected to leav a Itumpenheim on Monday next for London, on their rotr.'te to Cambridge Cottage, Kew. The Emperor of Austria is still at Ischl, where The intends remaining for about a week longer. His Maje: rty lately several times went out chamois hunting on the neig bouring mountains. VISIT OF PRINCE NAPOLEON TO WINDSOR.•-• Ilis Imperial highness Prince Napoleon visited Windsor yesterday. The prince inspected the private apartments of the castle, and also St. George's Chapel. Ms imperial highness afterwards visited the royal gardens and Fre g more grounds, and inspected the mausoleum and royal farm. The Prince and Princess Cronbetzkos and family have arrived at Claridge's Hotel, from the Isle of Wight - . The Prince and Princess Guilin° and suite have left the Brunswick Hotel, Jermyn-street, for Paris, on their way to Rome. His Grand Ducal and her Imperial Highness true Princess William of Baden have left Claridge's Hotel lor Germany. The Duke and Duchess of Wellington have arrived at Brighton. Tho Earl and Countess of Hardwicke and Lady Agneta Yorke leave Sidney Lodge, near Southampton, on Monday next for town, and a few days afterwards will go to Wimpole Hall, Cambridgeshire. Lord and Lady Lyndhurst arrived at their resi dence in George-street, Hanover-square, from Tunbricl.go Wells, on Wednesday last. Lord and Lady Proby have arrived at their residence, Halkin-street West, from the Continent. Lord and Lady Llanover have a large party still at Llanover. Amongst the present guests ate Lord SLat ford de Redeliffe and Miss Canning, Lady Blantyre and the Misses Stuart, Lady Catherine and Miss Allen, Lord Taunton and Miss Labouchere, Mr. and the Hon. Mrs. Herbert, of Llanarth, Lord and Lady Wensleydale, Mr, Rec hall, Mr. Dillon, &c. Viscountess Stormont gave birth to a son on Monday last, at Scone Palace, Perthshire. Count and Countess Bonde of Biorno left 16 Grafton-street, on Thursday last, en route by Dover and Calais, for the Palace of HOrningsholm, Sweden. General Le Comte and Madame Sehensteine and family have returned to the Brunswick Hotel, Jermyn-. street, from Scotland. Sir F. Uraham Moon, Bart., and Lady Moon, have left Portmau-square for their marine residence at Brighton. Lady Francis and Miss Gordon have returned to town from Sir Alexander Bannerman's seat in Aberdeen shire. DEATH OF LORD SINOLAIR.—The Right Hon. Charles Lord Sinclair died on Wednesday last at Pilmuir, near Torquay, at the advanced age of 95, having been born at Edinburgh in 1768. PROFESSOR WILSON (Christopher North) and ALLAN RAMSAY are each to have a statue in the Prince's street Gardens, Edinburgh, where workmen are already preparing sites for the two memorials. WHAT GOETHE DID FOR HAMLET."—It is im pressed upon us that nobody understood " Hamlet" until Goethe expounded its meaning. What, then (asks a critic in the Times), was the wonderful discovery which Goethe made ? He discovered that Hamlet is an irresolute character, and that, having a great deal to do, he does it not I What an enormous mouse ! We are to suppose that nobody ever saw this mouse before. It is a huge discovery to tell us that Hamlet is slow to act, and that Laertes in contrast to him is swift to act. We take all this for granted —it lies on the surface ; and English critics, not troubling themselves with such a palpable truism, advanced to the further question--Is Hamlet mad or half mad ?Is that irresolution of his the result of a sound or of an unsound mind. When Goethe's truism is thus forced upon us as a great discovery, we find ourselves in the position of a man who cannot answer a very simple question about something which he knows perfectly well. He may know every nook and corner of his house, and yet be unable to tell offhand how many rooms there are in it. The house agent is sups' rior to us in this kind of knowledge, and can tell the exact number of rooms without hesitation. It is this house agent sort of superiority that the German critics display. It is the same sort of superiority as dumb-founded M. Jourdain when he discovered that, without knowing it, he had been talking prose all his life. CRUIKSHANK'S DISCOVERY ABOUT GHOSTS--' anticipated by Partridge in Fielding's " Tons Jones 1 "—As Hotspur himself must admit that any num' bar of spirits may now be summoned from the vasty deep, by favour of Mr. Dircks, C.E., and Professor Pepper, the question (says the London Review) How to dress your ghost? becomes a matter of pressing importance. We lately noticed an amusing pamphlet by Mr. George Cruik shank, who objects to the common ghost-stories that the ghosts ought never to be dressed a t a ll , s i nce there canno t b e ghosts of clothes, A chapter in " Tom Jones" mai be consulted with advantage. Fielding makes his hero , take dear simple old Partridge to see Garrick in " Hamlet.' "What man is that in the strange dress ?" asks Partridge' Tom Jones answers, "That is the ghost." To which Partridge replies with'a smile, " Persuade me to that, sir, if you can. Though I can't say I ever actually saw a ghost in my life, yet I am certain I should know one, if I sav( him, better than that comes to. No, no, sir, ghosts don' appear in such dresses as that, neither." This mistake, the novelist adds, caused m uc h l aughter in the neighbourhoo d of Partridge, But was not Partridge right? The ghost purported to come from the nether world—the suit of corn' plete steel in which he was clad Partridge knew must at that moment be in the royal armoury of Denmark. There had been a divorce between the royal Dane and his coat of mail. The ghost of a king, Partridge could imagine—the ghost of a helmet and corslet, he could not so easily realise. . 4 No, no, sir, ghosts don't appear in such dresses as that) neither." A WORD FOR OUR SMALL BIRDS.—it is Tl° argument for destroying the birds that they do n ot rid us of the worse enemy. We know, by abundant eyi. dence,that the small birds which most frequent our gr.rden o and dwellings do dispose of an infinite number of cater . pillars, grubs, flits, and worms in feeding their young e ° well as themselves. That there is still more than they con d w i h sp ic o h se h o a f s is ,e n c o Ngvooinndg n er o ,co n n o s w it , lering the destruction of bir ds f more spitefully, f or years past, aistter and should faster, beremembere d that the insect increase goes on at an accelerated rate a tte , f the natural ch ec k i s once impaired. Th e escape d pre y °I more and one pair of finches or sparrows or robins, will not . only grow up to spoil half-a-dozan vegetables, but will brim forth a progeny which will ruin scores of plants, and v . enough heirs to run through the property of hundreds of mischievous moths, more. While, therefore, I have wireworms, slugs, lar e I shall let e o r., sca., in my garden, birds try what they can do with the mischief which I e, tainly cannot manage in any clumsy human methou. Once 'Peek.