The Sun. — London, England, 1854-05-25 00:00:00

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A Parliamentary paper which has just been delivered recapitulates the amounts voted in supply during each year from 1835 to 1853, under the several heads of Army, Navy, Ordnance, and Miscellaneous Services, as well as the sums voted in particular years on extraordi nary occasions, the recurrence of which is'not to be an ticipated. Under each head there has been a great in crease since the beginning of the period in question, and __../ ?Neg. R. ALBERT SMITH'S MONT BLANC, TrNincluding the BERNESE OBERLAND an d the SIMPLON , f e; EVENING, and Every Evening at Eig ht o ' Clock, (excel, sa ugly, and Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday Mornings, at Three. un ' B, 3 3. (which can be taken at the box• oftic4 every day from It 4 ; area, 28. ; g allery, 18. —Egyptian Hall, Piccadilly. [.PRICE SD. VAN DIEMEN'S LAND, Guerasel; [aria, Ms' • Charles, Babiass, borg ; Horsen s ; Cahoot rrl l m steruaii James a O4 3 ; L e van , , Kangsr °° ' Grande Cs' airg ; J°— e, Berbice; dm, fl' r°. Boulo^se; 0 ant st• Barcelons as ; r$llA 3 Caroline I, St. 'O n ' fa rlip ; ; Esth er : fethourne, Belgiu ° ' Mercury' lalo, Hai. v . lat. 4014 r" ound, ill ,ril 20,1°t' ,nce of the 1 distan A b e nt at til e ion 11 04 , t ? lid to ar b a rrel il o .; oatoi_r, and :0 of NI presen! ea In invlt loll , to bil l ,/ e brOtlgP guelt i g 00 s to Ov t 48 s t 3 50 ! 485 t 0 o(ji 00 8 to 00. 00 s to V" an d th° an ded 'rata more fevo in . B s riei ut'et, ° lti iuseed S. 45 to 138 6 7 to , 62 to 6° 53 to 55 _.— to Per TO i to 0101 91 105 Od d to 0/ 10 to 001 0° d to 0° : Os to 1),, "; )s 0u ,.,` - t o 12/ 0' ) t/ ti n 0 01 a stead,' a. Lan• Vestern► L 6, x•l6, business ing else• es, 12i by, ant , id Lin' South - White' 30 52 % 25 52) t. ,(n ce When ue to gland' 31°°. EAST INDIA HOUSE, 24TH MAY, 1854. THE COURT of DIRECTORS of the EAST INDIA CO PANY do 'HEREBY GIVE NOTICE, „Ila e t the Rate of Interest payab.e up on the Company's Bonds not d tor discharge will be raiseo from 31. 59. per cent. per Annum 41, Per eau. per Annum from and of this d,.y JAME , C. MELVILL, Secretary. LOWESTOFT ROYAL HOTEL. s. 110 WITT legs to call 'he attention of his Friend and the generally to the liberal arramements of the Eastern Counties cdraY in the i-sue of family tickets. The Royal llotel is con aera' 1 Y enlarged, and every po4 , ible comfort and convenience I rd,.cl.at the m-st moderat-• charge. it s remaining in th - Hotel are accommodated, if they &sire at 'axed charges. Salt-water Baths, hot and cold, on the premises. MESMERIC INFIRMARY. —The ANNUAL to GEN ER xi, MEETING of the Subscr ibers and Friends will tag„ b A „Place at Willis's R ems, Kin street, St. James 's, on W ED NT ES • the 7th June, 1854. a , half-past One, for Two o'clock precisely. MONCKTON MILNEK, Esq., M.P., in tl.e chair. PRESIDENT The Most Rev. the Archbishop of Dublin. VICE-PRESIDENT.? the Earl of Carlisle. I It. Monckton Milnes , Esq., M.P Right A. Right non. the Earl of Dunrnven. Rev. G. Sandby. T , , nat Hon. the Earl Stanhope. Rev. Chauncy Hare Townshend. 41tarou De Goldsmid, F.R.S. 1 Professor Augustus de Morgan. • Langston, Esq., 1.P.3 I Professor Gregory. TREASURER. John Elliotson, M.D. Cantab. F.R.S. PURSUANT to an Order of the High Court of ch ancer y, m ale in a cause, "'Thomas Pickforci Seabrook , : pomD lit t Jai e n•2sof Paladicafordiet-street,” the C inßED t h e lTOßS parish of FlHamste , d, In the of. TOMAS PICK „I' , to i; 4l 3' of Hertford, Esquire, (who died in or about th e month of Oc• 34% 1 811), are, by their solicitors, on or before Wednesday, the CLAA,, Of May nett, to c,dne in and PROVE their DEBT.; or at the chambers of the Vice Chancellor. Sir Richard Torin 2 - . s aiersley, N o 15, Old-square , L ine ,ln's-inn, Middlesex ; or in de thethereof they will be peremptorily excluded from the benefit f of d Order. th W ednesday, the 7th day @f• June next, at Twelve o'clock at noon. at e said chambers, is appointed for hearin g and adjudicating upon t,l Dated this 24th day of April, 1854. CHARLES PUGH, Chief Clerk. HEDGES & STEDMAN, Plaintiff's Solicitors, 9, Care , -street, Lincoln's inn. ITNIVERSAL PROVIDENT LIFE ASSURAN4'E, 52, King Wil liam-street, London -bridge /op ASSURANCE Allowance In sickness. EDWARD PUGH R •WSELL. Secretary. TIM ACHILLES INSURANCE COMPANY. tr „.. Capit 100,000/.. Every description of LIFE ASSURANC 0 - ,;"!iacted. LOANS to policy holders on liberal terras. Prospectuses " aPPlication to chief office, 25, Canuou-9t,eet, City IL . B. TAPLIN. P PE HOME COUNTIES AND GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY. 29, New Bridge-street, Blackfriars, London. Assurance 3 dscription of risk (home or toreign) connected with Life Half Credit preminin<, on a new principle. lremiums payable wart, , half yearly , or q uarterly. t o u ne - half of all premiums after the first two years are repay able annuities holders at any time on demand, without personal liabilty „_ihies granted either immediate, contingent, or deferred, and also 'o,l,Wrnents ro,i-, • ides indisputable. ton charge for pocy stamns. eY received on deposit at 5 per cent. interest. A ligrie've ',gents wanted in town and c ountr y , p articularly in the ultural towns and villages. r e , PP I Y by letter, giving names and addresses of referees as to Dectability. JOHN MILLS, Secretary, STEAM TO THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE. tin In compliance with nomerous applications from persons de- Ge n n ! to proceed t the Cape of Good Hope, the Directors of the 4,1_41 Screw Steam shipplug Compact , have determined to de l; \ ?ci their Steam ship "CAi E OF GOOD 110; E ' to TABLE 11, ) ,.. on the 2( , th of June next. Cape of .lood Hope, H. Commander, has just returned from a most successful t o „.7Fe to Constantinople with passe n g ers and general cargo, i• 70 tf 'ourthen, arid 100 horse-pow r Built by Messrs. Mare & Co.. a ,:ekwall, arid an extremely fast ship. lier accommodations for et,„'ngers are little if at all inferior to this Company's first-Oa-a 15 ,4r0 ships so well known OR the Cape and Calcut'a line. The ship "' load and sail from South imoton As her capacity for pass. Tigers 1 7 4 ! freieht is limited, early appliestion should be made to th e Com- Ofkces, 27, Cannon-street, City. liert fordshire.—The Childwick Bury Estate, near St. Alban's. An I n l Portant and v.luahle Freehold Landed Property, with its ap- Ip'Priate Mansion, seated in a finely-timbered Park of 120 acres. Three capit,il Farms, and a Water Cirri Mill ; also the Manor of pn ildwick, with excellent 'lloottng . nd Trout Fishing. Altogether 'ufor ming an exceedingly compact and desirable Estate of about 912 acres, in a beautiful part of the country , a nd onl y 23 miles from London. MESSRS. PAGE and CAMERON are in structed to submit to public competition, at the Auction dart, London, early in July, the above highly-attractive Property, _Ate two miles from St. Alban's, in a delightful neighbourhood, ;V.! Linmediately contiguous to Gorhambury, the noble domain of Earl l 7 . of Terulam. It comprises a compact, substantial mansion, di s YerY respect suitable for the immediate occupation of a family of ist ._ , !. l lction, yet arranged on a moderate scale , surrounied by a park ..',l•laded with rich ornamental timber and plantations. Three very Bible farms with superior homesteads, an I a water corn mill, let. tlghly respec!able and good tenants also several cottages, and e manor of Childwick. The land is of su p e rior quality, said the Nate is in the midst of good roads, interspersed with about 50 acres rwoodland, in detached covers, filled with thriving timber, and forming fine pre erves for game. There is an excellent trout stream .tinnin through the estate, of more than a mile in exten t. Lord g Sere's bounds hunt the country, and there are several packs of :arr , ers in the neighbourhood, thereby combining the advantages of 'NBldential property, ranking as o ne of the most attractive in the „ '''',Unty, with a first•c'ass landed inves tment. The terminus of the a t. Alban's branch line of the London and North-Western Railway atford will be within one mile of the est .te. ul :'escriptive particulars, with conditions of sale and plans annexed, lockse had, 21 d.tys prior to the sale, at the Mart, of Me..ssrs. lie tt and Cowburo, solicitors, 60, Lincoln's-inn-fields, and of . kut. j . 11 .,.• Page and Cameron, land agents and surveyors, 30, Bucklers and,St. Herts. of whom orders to view the "n and estate may APPETITE AND DIGESTION IMPROVED. EA and PERRINS' WORCESTERSHIRE „, SAUCE imparts the most e x q uisite relish to Steaks, Chops, 4 :•• Roast Meat Grsvies, Fish, Game, Soup, Curries, and Salad, Den ' .3 7 Its tonic and invigora tin g p ro p erties enables the stomach to e ctlY dige't the food. "e teard to h daily use of this aromatic and d elicious Sauce is the best safe- eait`a. 1,, 501 d by the proprietors , Lea and Perrins, 19, Fenchurch - street , " 1 2don A nd 68, ,Broad-street, Worcester; also b y Messrs. Barclay 41'1 Sons, Messrs. Crosse and Blackwell, and othe r oilmen and mer lilts, London ; and generally by the princip al dealers in sauce. Arid PERRINS" guard against imitations, see that t he names of " LEA PERRINS" are upon the label and patent cap of the bottle. TRIESEMAR, protected by Royal Letters P , Patent of England, and secur ed b y the Seals of the Ecolo de . inacie de Paris, and the Imperial College of Medicine, Vienna. TRIESEMAR, No. 1, a remedy for Relaxation, Sperma tnrrhcea, and Exhaustion of the °Ater,. efrectu TRIESEMAR, No. 2, ally, in the short space of three days, completely and entirely IZ e lcates all traces of those Disorders which Capivi and Cubebs - ,T , so long been thought an antidote for, to the ruin of the health a vast portion of the population. TRI ESE MAR, No. 3, I s% 1 1 , 6 great Continental Re med y for that class of Disorders, which ;°rtunately the English phyeic n a n treat., w ith Mercury, to the in ,„iLtaable destruction of the patient's constitution, and which all the —" Parilla in the world cannot remove. RIESE:MAR, No. 1, 2 , and 3, are alike devoid of taste or smell, and ) ,l or all nauseating qualities. T he y may lie on the toilet table thou their use being suspected. $ Roux, ile ,.. old i n tin cases at I Is. each , fre e b y post, 2s. extra, divided inte 4 , arate doses, as administered b y Valpeau, Lailemand, itoh , Rte —To be had wholesale and Retail in London of Robert John -15,,-,8, Cornhill ; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-street; find Sanger, ", uxford-street. -- TON lll PHILOSOPHY OF MARRIAGE, AND THE SF,citFT INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH, MAN HOOD, AND OLD AGE fast Published, 60th Edition, price 2s. 6d.. or free by post for forty two stamps, SELF-PRESERVATION a Popular Treatise on the Phy siolo gy and Functions of I.lar- their I.l._ng. with its Disqualifications and Impediments, tracing e to the effects of solitary habits, youthtul excess, tropical tw _ ates, or close study ; foliowed by practical remyks, founded on 'ity years' experience in t he treatment of Impuissance, Nervous rDe bility, Local Weakness, Spermatorrhcea, and all diseases of the D rinary and Generative System. Illustrated by 50 coloured Engrav -10, on the Anatomy of the Reprodu ctive Or g ans and their relative " °ll ditions in Health and Disease. By 'SAMUEL LA'MEET. M.D. 37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON, D oter of Medicine, Matriculated Member of the University of Edit, burgh, Honorary Mem ber of the London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, &c., tsc. The essential object of this treatise is to point out the fearful con sequences resulting from certain habits, irregularities and excesses, Which have produced more misery in Youth, de g radation in Man hood, a n d premature decay at all stages of Life, than, perhaps, any other class of disease known to modern pathologists. Its peruse is Particularly recommended to persons entertaining secret doubts of their physical condition, and who are conscious of having hazarded the health, happiness, and privileges to which every human being is entitled. It is absolutely necessary thatail men should know, that there are Principles of personal management which cannot be violated without Incurring grievous penalties, and when wisdom and regret succeed the heyday of inconsiderate self-indulgence, how these penalties may be mitigated, tow the sting of their bitterness may be removed, and how the evil and its consequenc es may be avoided, and above all, that there is scarcely any degree of physical infirmity or functional derangement to which the timely aid of science cannot apply a cure. The Author has for a series of years been engaged in an extensive Practice in he treatment of these delicate complaints, which are Unfortunately teen too generally confided to the care of Ignorant "unites, who inflict great injury on those who are induced to place kith in •.heir pretensions. 3ELF,PRESERVATION may be had, price 2s 6d, in English, Ireocii, Spanish, Dutch , Italian, or German, of Messrs. Piper, B rothers and Co., 23, Paternoster-row; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street; Itann, 39, Carnbill ; Star i e . Titchborne-street, Haymarket; or (tee Y Poet for forty-two stamp s, to any address from the Author's real du e nce. 37, Bedford-squa re. At home for consultatio n daily ~,A from Eleve till Two. and f rom till Eight. All letters must contain the fee fIL morning, about half-past 6 o'clock, off Plymouth, under steam only. Wind light. The Otter, steam-gun vessel, Commander Lieutenant Hunt, late of her Majesty's ship St. George, having completed her crew and armament, is appointed to leave Woolwich for the Baltic this day (Thursday). She will be followed immediately by the Pigmy, Minx, and the other vessels appointed to this service. The Indefatigable, 50 guns, fitting at Devonport, will carry the flag of Rear-Admiral W. J. Hope Johnstone, appointed to the command on the South American station. We are authorised to state that a paragraph which has appeared in a weekly newspaper, in which it was stated that the Admiralty was in want of dispensers of medicine, at the salary of 1002. a year, is without foun dation. Assistant-surgeons only are required, if qualified according to the established regulations., Isaac Western, leading workman of engine-smiths, 7 engine and boiler-smiths, 7 fitters, 1 coppersmith, and 1 moulder in brass and iron, have volunteered from the factory at Woolwich dockyard to proceed to Malta for service there. There are 17 in all, of whom 13 are mar ried and four single. Captain Sir Baldwin Walker, K.C.8., Surveyor of the Navy, Mr. Isaac Watts, Assistant-Surveyor of the Navy, and Mr. Thomas Lloyd, Chief Engineer and In spector of Machinery, left Somerset-house on Tuesday evening for Paris. The Camperdown Indiaman, one of Dunbar's fleet, is coming to Portsmouth to ship an enormous quantity of provisions for the naval victualling depot at Malta. She will take from the Clarence-yard, where the supplies are all ready for her, 2,500 casks of beef and pork, besides other stores. No. 90 transport passed down the river yesterday from Deptford on her way to one of -the western ports, to embark horses and troops for tha. seat of war in the East. Yesterday morning the first division of the 35th Regi ment of Foot marched from the Tower and proceeded by railway to Chatham. The 18th Regiment of Foot were paraded on Tuesday at Chatham for the inspection of Colonel Marcus Beres ford, Commandant of the Garrison. Eight companies left Chatham at 6 a.m. yesterday for Canterbury, and will billet at Sittingbourne and Milton. Two companies, with the headquarters, will leave Chatham to-day, and proceed en route to Canterbury. The regiment is to be supplied with new arms, &c., as soon as possible. Captain Oldfield's company of the Royal Artillery embarked at Belfast on Tuesday for Fleetwood, en route to Woolwich. It. is understood that this company has been ordered to join Lord Raglan's forces in the East. The 46th (re p lacing the 97th, ordered to Candia), 63 d, 21st, 20th, and 34th Regiments, and the Ist battalion of Rifles, now forming the reserved division, are under orders for Greece. The 63d numbers 1,300, and the 21st 1,260 rank and file. Accounts from Cork say —" The number of recruits that arrive here weekly from England for the depots serving in this country are incredible, while the few that enlist here are scarcely to be counted. The enlistment of men in England for active service is going on very briskly, so that the requirements of the service are fully provided for. On Sunday and Monday about 70 English recruits arrived here from London, Liverpool, and Bris tol. Each week a similar number are landed here." Recruiting is going on briskly in Belfast. The 62d picked up last week 70 serviceable-looking young men. A sum of above 5001. has been subscribed by the offi cers of the 13th Light Dragoons, which forms part of the expeditionary army to the East, for the support of the wives of the men and their families during their ab sence from England. The money is deposited in the hands of Lady Gore (the wife of Major Gore, accom panying the regiment), who resides at Hampton-court Palace. Her Ladyship has visited several of the women, and has distributed some of the money among them. This will be continued weekly till the fund is exhausted. THE MILITIA A4D YEOMANRY. By her Majesty's gracim.command the regiment 0 Essex Rifles is now designated " the Royal Essex Rifles.' Within the last few days the men have been supplied with great-coats, and are about to change their present uniform for one of silver grey, somewhat after the fashion of the Tyrolese Riflemen, with helmet resembling that recently assumed by the officers, except that the plume will be of horsehair instead of cock's feathers. The mous tache is also to be worn by the men. The first detach ment, under the command of Major Groves, was to leave yesterday for the Tower to relieve the 35th Regiment, and the remainder were to follow. Within a fortnight the regiment is to be inspected at the Tower by Viscount Hardinge, the General Commanding-in-Chief ; and it is understood that after two or three months' duty in Lon don the regiment will be encamped on the new military training ground, Aldershott-heath, Surrey. The em bodiment of the regiment has given quite an impetus to enlistment in Essex, and recruits are daily coming in. Orders were received at Doncaster on Tuesday for the embodiment of the 3d West York Militia, whose extra period of training would otherwise have expired to-day. The regiment is to be sat into barracks at Berwick-upon-Tweed. The staff are making out lists of the married men, in case they should be excepted from permanent duty. The percentage of married men is very small. The officers, as well as the gr•iat majo rity of the men, have received with satisfaction the order for their removal into garrison. On Monday last the Shropshire Militia (more than 800 strong) assembled at Shrewsbury to go through their 28 days' training, and on Tuesday morning they were addressed by their commanding officer, Colonel Hill, who, having ascertained the willingness of his officers to be permanently employed, then called upon the men of the regiment to say if they were ready to accompany their officers, and, if so, to show their assent by giving a hearty cheer for their Queen. This was responded to in a manner most gratifying to every English heart. From the efficient state this corps was in at the end of last year's training, we feel convinced that they will be iaulid as ready as they are willing. BRITISH NORTH AMERICAN COLONIES. The progress of the British North American colonies has again been illustrated by returns just issued of the immigration of the past year, and the continuous demand for labour. It appears that, notwithstanding the current to Australia, the total arrivals in Canada from Europe in 1853 were only 61 per cent. below those of the pre ceding year, the numbers having been 36,699, against 39,176. Of this number, 18,972, or rather more than one half, were natives of Ireland, 4,913 of Scotland, 3,928 of England, 3,135 of Germany, and 5,123 of Norway; while the remaining 628 were from Holland, Sweden, and other places. In the Irish emigration the number of females preponderated in a remarkable degree over that of males, the difference being more than 18 per cent. This fact is attributed to the shipment of young women from the poor unions, coupled with the extent of remittances from settlers already prosperous, to enable their wives and sisters to join them. Of the en tire number of 36,699 immigrants, the proportion that remained in Canada was 25,195, while 11,504 passed through to the United States, nearly the whole of t . he Norwegian arrivals having been among the latter, owing to the difficulties they experienced from ignorance of the language, which would be obviated in the United States by their availing themselves of some extensive settle ments already opened by their own countrymen in Wis consin. Their habits of industry and general suitable ness to the Canadian climate caused their departure to be regretted. About 2 00 , however, were induced t o accept railroad employment at Hamilton, and itis hoped that these may form a nucleus to induce other to s for the future to become settlers. With regard the general health of the emigrants of the past season the accounts are satisfactory. The total mortality was only 0.81 per cent., and the slight excess which this shows over the previous year is attributed entirely to the unusually protracted passages to which several vessels were subjected, the average number of days occupied by the various emi grant-ships from all the ports of Eu ro p e having been 48, against 39 in the previous year. The number of ships wrecked was four, involving a loss of 317 lives, and the instances in which risk and discomfort were found to prevail were mostly those in which iron formed the chief part of the cargo—a fact that has led to the suggestion m of some regulation being made to prevent vessels con veying passengers from carrying ore . than a certain proportion of dead weight. On the question as to the success of the several immigrants in finding employment, nothing could be more decisive than the accounts presented. In most cases they at once proceeded up the country, and on reaching their destination were seldom more than a few hours unemployed. During the present season the demand for labour at high wages is greatly increasing, owing to the vast railway undertakings in progress, and with regard to women qualified to act as servants, it is said the scarcity is such that several thousands could be annually absorbed. The immigration described in the present report refers only to that which takes place by sea. A large number of settlers arrive via the United States, the total during the past season being estimated at 5,000, irrespective of a great number of railway labourers temporarily at tracted from the Western States, owing to the cessation of work in those legions, consequent upon the long continued pressure in the New York money market. The following information regarding the colony of Van Diemen's Land, intended for the use of emigrants, has been printed by order of his Excellency Sir William Denison, Lieutenant-Governor of the colony : DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY.—The average length of Van Diemen's Land is 165 miles, and the average breadth 155 miles. The island contains about 16 millions of acres, of which nearly three millions are private property. The remaining 13 millions aro Crown land ; and about two millions of the latter are occupied by the settlers under grazing licenses. With this limited areathere is an extensive line of coast, broken into at various points by deep bays and inlets, af fording not only accommodation for anyamount of foreign trade, but facilitating the transport of produce from one part of the colony to another—a matter of no trifling importance, when the delay and difficulty attendant upon transport by land in a new country is considered. Hobart Town, the seat of Government, is situated on the estuary of the Derwent, 40 miles within the southern boundary of the colony. Launceston is situated at the head of the navigation of the river Tamar, about 40 miles within the northern line of sea-coast. Spring Bay on the east, and Port Davey and Macquarie Harbour on the west, afford shelter for vessels : the latter, which reaches far into the interior, has, however, a bar at the entrance. The means of communication are of a better descrip tion than are to be found in the other colonies of Aus tralia. A good turnpike-road extends from Hobart Town to Launceston, a distance of 120 miles ; and this is traversed by coaches at the rate of 10 miles per hour ; the traffic being sufficient at present to support two day coaches and one night coach each way. The island, in general, is covered with an open forest, without much underwood, and consisting of the different gum trees, wattles, stringy-bark, she-oak, and other trees bearing colonial names, all of which are evergreens, the timber being in some situations close and heavy, and in others the scenery resembling that of a park ; and the natural pasture of both hills and plains affords support to sheep, which are the chief source of profit to the set tlers, and also to cattle and horses ; turnip husbandry is becoming general. The wheat of Van Diemen's Land is considered of the finest quality ; and the potatoes are excellent, forming an important article of the most pro fitable exportation to the neighbouring colonies. The soil and climate are highly favourable to English fruits and vegetables, to the culture and improvement of which much attention is paid. Apple, pear, and other fruit trees grow here, and come into bearing with a rapidity unknown in England ; and apples, preserves,and onions are extensively exported with great advantage. The cul tivation of hops is foliowed to a considerable extent; and irrigation has in several places been successfully adopted. There are large dairy establishments; and considerable attention is given to the manufacture of butter and cheese, which realise, the former 2s. 6d. to 35., and the latter is. id. to is. 3d. per lb. retail. Various kinds of excellent fish are obtained ; and also oysters ' • and, with more attention than has hitherto been paid to it, this branch of colonial industry might, in all probability, be much increased. The timber of Van Diemen's Land is valuable for ship and house building, furniture, &c., and some kinds which split readily are extensively employed in making post and rail fence for the enclosure of land, and also for making shingles, wii h which the houses are covered instead of slates. The colonial gums are also useful ; and the bark of the wattle tree is largely ex ported for tanning, and also used in the colony in the manufacture of leather. There are no formidable wild animals, and the aboriginal natives are almost extinct, the few who remain living willingly in one place, pro tected and supported by the Government. Van Diemen s Land has, from the commencement of the colony, been resorted to by free settlers of un questionable respectability. A large portion of the island is either owned or rented by persons of established character, many of whom are retired officers. The majority of these persons have been long settled on the land which they occupy. Their possessions are of various extent, from perhaps 70,000 acres downwards. The settlers are engaged in agriculture, in sheep and cattle farming, and the cultivation of hops, &c. The country is studded with their mansions, houses, and farm buildings, which, in many instances, are of the most substantial and superior description. Hobart Town is a city of con siderable size, containing 23,000 inhabitants, and 16 places of worship. Here, and in a smaller proportion at Launceston, are numerous clergymen, merchants, pro fessional gentlemen, shopkeepers, master tradesmen, and mechanics, and many Government officers and others, of character certainly equal to those in a similar position in other countries. DEMAND FOB LABOUR.—The consideration of the preceding observations will show that, even under ordi nary circumstances there must have been in Van Diemen's Land a very considerable and increasing de mand for labour. There is now a most urgent necessity for ordinary working people of all kinds, both male and female, and this has been produced by a combination of various causes. The sudden increase of population in the adjacent colony of Victoria, in consequence of the discovery of gold, has raised the price of grain and other produce, and has also created a greatly increased demand for them ; and, as a large number of persons of the labour class have left this colony in search of gold (which pur suit, as will be hereafter explained, was formerly more attractive to the inhabitants of Van Diemen's Land than at present), the available agricultural labour of the colony has been greatly diminished, at the time when a large addition to the ordinary amount is rendered ne cessary by the increased demand for produce above re ferred to ; and, in a similar manner, the amount of labour of all kinds has been reduced to an extent highly injurious to the interests of the colony. At the present time, expenses of some kinds are con siderable, and particularly house-rent and butcher's meat. Beef is Bd. to 9d. per lb., mutton 7d. to Bd., and bread is 61d. the two-pound loaf ; but agricultural labourers and domestic servants are provided by their employers with lodging and a liberal supply of food — and the wages of the •inechanics are so high that these expenses are not felt by them as oppressive. Wearing apparel and cloth, being imported, are, of course, not so cheap as at home, but are reasonable in price. Tea and sugar are cheaper than in England ; the former being about ls. 6d. per lb. of an ordinary description, and coarse sugar 3d. per lb. ; and a removal to this colony must generally be to emigrants a change from poverty or absolute want, not merely to comfort and an abund ance of all the necessaries of life, but to so great a facility in obtaining money as enables the industrious and care ful to acquire property, and greatly to advance their condition in life. RATE OP WAGES.—Good carpenters, 10s. to 12s. per day. Bricklayers, stonemasons, stonecutters, blacksmiths, coppersmiths, and brass-finishers, moulders, good hands, Bs. to 10s. per day. Wheelwrights and millwrights. 10s., 125., and 15s. per day. Engineer and fitter-up, 15s. per day. Cabinetmakers and upholsterers, lls, per day. Some of these can make 51. or 61. per week by piece-work. Sawyers, from 10s. to 14s. per day, in Hobart Town ; but they make much more by piece-work. Sawyers at Huon River, where sawing is largely carried for home consumption and exportation to Victoria, receive from employers at least half the price of the sawn stuff, which at present sells on the spot for fully 20s. per 100 feet. It is considered that a pair of good sawyers can thus earn with ease 101. per week. In general, sawyers prefer sawing on their own account, paying is. a week for liberty to cut timber on Crown land or making agreements with owners of land for the same pur pose. In this manner they are able to earn much more than the amount above stated ; and, in whatever mode they are employed, many of those who work steadily accumulate large sums of money. Persons employed in splitting shingles and paling also realise large amounts in a similar manner. Sawyers, axe-men, and navigators are now advertised for at 11. per, day for six months certain. Shoemakers work by the piece, and are paid about the following rates :—For making and closing strong boots, 9s. 6d., for making and closing Wellington boots, 20s. ; women's shoes, for bottoming, 6s. ; women's boots, for bottoming, 6s. 6d. Good hands may earn 41. a week. Tailors are also paid by the piece, and a fair workman can earn 41. 10s. per week. From 31. to 51. per week is made, according to abilities. Painters and glaziers, ordinary, 6s. to Bs. per day. Good ornamental painters are so scarce that no rate can be named for them. In this trade there is not so great a demand for labour as in others, as painting is generally deferred till a cheaper time. Seamen receive, for short colonial voyages 101. per month and provisions. For longer voyages they receive even more, and no certain rate can be mentioned. Married agricultural labourers obtain from 35/. to 701., or upwards, according to the qualifications of both persons. Single agricultural labourers, 181. to 30/. Men servants, domestic, receive from 201. to 301., ac- cording to ability. Female domestic servants, from 121. to 301., accord ing to qualifications. Ordinary and useful domestic servants, 141. to 161. Good cooks, 201. to 251. Good needlewomen, who will be otherwise useful 16/. These rates of remuneration are e xcessive, and are the consequences of the discovery of gold. They may, however, continue for a considerable period : the fall will be gradual, and wages must be high for many years to come. ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE ASSISTANCE AND PROTEC TION OF IMMIGRANTS, AND ESPECIALLY OF PER ALES.— In order to prevent embarrassment and inconvenience to emigrants on first reaching their drAinatien the Government emigrant ships despatched by the Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners are under engage ment to support them on board for fourteen working days a ft , er arrival, in order that they may have time to form un; gagements or to obtain dwelling places. Fm • the protection and advantageous settlement of femal e emigrants, not under the charge of relatives, the colon' Government has made the most careful provi sion. The ship is on arrival immediately visited by the jinn* ;ration officer, by whom the capabilities and wishes of eac h woman with regard to employment are ascer tained. . The women are then landed in ',Government boats, and admitted s to a large and commodious build ing, w. here beds, provisions, and other advantages are provide •d for them. Here they remain some days to' wash tl leir clothes and make preparations for service, in the charge of an experienced matron, under the direc tion of the immigration officer. Persons who wish to obtain t heir services are required to make written appli cation ; on which printed " authorities" are transmitted to appro red applicants, who, on presenting them at the depot, a, re at liberty to make arra n g emen t s w ith th e ea-no-rant: t by mutual consent ; the women receiving sue r, a d v i, ie and information as they may require. No person is j. ie rmitted to hire any female from the depot without the' " authority" above mentioned ; and as this is sent only' to those who are known to be,suitable em ployers, 'oung woman can fall into improper hands 3 on first a.-ria al in this colony. These must be seen to be very it ap• irtant advantages. The gre at facility which exists of obtaining advan tageous ei igi i gements for female servants has been before okiserved c rn ; and thus females with difficulty support themselves ; at home, or whose relatives may find it in •Convenien •to provide for them, may safely avail them 'selves of t he 'various modes of employment presented by this golon THE G OLD-FIELDS LESS ATTRACTIVE THAN FOR MERLY.—'. [IA labouring classes, for whose information this paper it I chiefly intended, will probably say, that if the workin g people of Van Diemen's Land found it more to their ad IA antage to go in search of gold than to follow their ordin 'al -3/ occupations, and that the existing scarcity of lahour b a s thus been occasioned, would it not be more to our adva x s tage that we also should proceed to the gold fields ? It h e therefore, proper to explain that the chief emigration fi •om Van Diemen's Land to the gold fields took place s ome time ago when the number of persons digging for , gold being comparatively few, the facilities and prospet is of success were greater ; and that, since the arrival ia i Victoria of great numbers of persons from various quay ters, the chances of individual success have been much. smaller, and the expenses and difficulties greatly incr eased ; so that, failure having become fre quent, and. a .vages having risen in Van Diemen's Land, fewer pe rso ns have been tempted to try the lottery of gold digg int ;. The effects of the former great attraction of this pu rs nit are now, however, felt ; great numbers of people are. ;one ; and the object is to replace them with still great er • numbers, to the benefit of the colony, and of the erni g rants who may come to it. GENEEL 1.1 OBSERVATIONS. —The facts above stated re garding the actual condition of Van Diemen's Land ap peal to pl ai.r i common sense, and must be convincing that there is le very inducement and just ground to urge upon the atten ti.on of the labouring classes of the United Kingdom ti ie benefits to be derived by themselves, and to result to the colony from emigration to Van Die men's Laind. It is w ell known that thousands suffer privation or absolute Av:ant at home, who might live in comfort and abundance , in this colony. The colonists are ready to pay not om'y well, but extravagantly for labour, if they can but get. it. Constant employment and most liberal wages ;Are ready for all those who choose to work. They may tonne by thousands without fear, provided only they are able avid deposed to work. There is no ground to apprehe ml that there will be too many of them, or that at any ordinary rate of immigration they will come too fast. V Tere it even probable tnat such would prove the case, the Government would not pay the passage of more emigrar its than were required. The i ncrease of population will lead to the discovery of new sources of employment ; and a longer space of time th an this generation has any immediate concern with ws ust elapse before the amount of labour will supply the den and, or wages cease to be much higher than in England ; and surely those who aro in want at home, or those who have barely enough, should strive to come to a land where they can obtain constant employment and ample wages, and even though they should not—as many appear to expect to do—rise at once, and without exertioao, from want to affluence. PARIS EXHIBITION OF 1855. The following circular is now being issued by the De partment of Science and Art : " Marlborough House, Pall-mall, May 25, 1854. " Sir (or Gentlemen),—The Department of Science and Art has been directed to take the preliminary steps for ascertaining the probable amount of space which the manufacturers and other producers of Great Britain will be prepared to occupy in the Paris Exhibition of 1855, it being of importance that these demands should be communicated to the French Imperial Commissioners with as little delay as possible. " I have, therefore, to request you will acquaint me, as soon as convenient, whether you are disposed to ex hibit, and if so, that you will fill up and return to me the enclosed form (No. 3) before the Ist July at latest. " Having been directed for the present to conduct the correspondence upon the subject of the French Exhibi tion, I shall have great pleasure in affording, or obtain ing for you, any further information that may be requi site. "I enclose a copy of the decrees and regulations is sued by the French Imperial Commission, as well as a summary of the assistance offered by them and by the British Government to intending exhibitors. "I am, Sir (or Gentlemen), your obedient servant, "H. C. OwEN, Captain, R.E." The following is a brief summary of the conditions upon which the Exhibition will be conducted :---- " The decrees and regulations issued by the Imperial Commission of France give very full information as to the principles upon which the Imperial Government pro pose to conduct the Exhibition of 1855, and an attentive perusal of them is recommended to all those who desire to co-operate in securing a fair representation. of British industry on that occasion. " Those regulations appear to be conceived in the most equitable and liberal spirit, and there is no doubt that that spirit will be met in a becoming manner by the manufacturers and other producers of the British empire and her colonies. " It may be useful to sum up briefly the principal con ditions upon which the Exhibition will be conducted, comprising the assistance offered to exhibitors by the French commission, and that which the British authori ties will probably be empowered to offer. "1. The Exhibition will open in Paris on the Ist May, 1855. " 9. The French commission will only communicate with exhibitors from foreign countries through the com mission appointed by each country for that purpose. " 3. No articles will be admitted from foreign coon- Ties except with the sanction of such foreign commis- sion. " 4. Every article produced or obtained by human industry, whether of raw materials, machinery, manu factures, or fine arts, are admissible, except— " i. Living animals and plants. "ii. Substances liable to become putrid from keeping. "iii. Detonating and other dangerous substances. " iv, Articles of extravagant size. "5. All goods must reach Paris between the 15th of January and 15th of March, 1855, which period may, in a few exceptional cases, be extended to the 15th of April. "6. The French commission oilers to convey all goods from the French ports or frontier to the building in Paris without charge. " 7. No charge will be made for rent. " 8. Exhibitors and their agents will be admitted free to the building (luring the whole period of the Exhibition. " 9. Plain counters and partitions will be provided without charge. " 10. The French commission will find labourers for unpacking, transporting, and arranging goods under the direction of the exhibitors or their agents. " 11. The French commission will provide shafting, steam, or water-pressure for machines in motion. c _ en.s " 12. Exhibitors will be responsible for acirodm.sted loss, or damage, but the fullest pre cautions are p against such events. 13 . Th e curr ent trade price may be affixed to any ( 4 goods if the exhibitors desire it. " 14. Goods may be exh ibited in bond, and no duty will be charged if re-exported . (4 15. E x hibit e d goods pres ent prohibited France the French tariff may be adnaittaet d for consumption in at an ad valorem duty ofw made 20 p be ere f ent. to . insure one year's " 26. Arrangem ents protection to desig ns . t0r ( 4 17. The g a nd inventions exhibited, with out cost to the oods exh will be examined by an international jury, and rewards given, the nature of which will be pub lished. 4( is. Th e British authorities will undertake all ex es of gener al or g anisatio n and mana g ement, and will defray the expenses of the transport and custom house agency of all goods delivered within a specified time. "19. A sufficient staff will be provided for giving that attention to the goods of exhibitors which was undertaken by the Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851. " 20. The expenses, which must in every case fall upon exhibitors, will be— "i. The carriage of the goods from the manufac tory or residence of the exhibitor to London. " ii. The expense of glass-cases, shelves, brackets, awnings, hangings, or decorations of the stalls, which must all be undertaken under such restrictions as the officers of the French commission may impose for the sake of the general arrangements or appearance of the Exhibition. " iii. The unpacking, arrangement, and general care of the goods during the Exhibition, except as far as provided by paragraph 19. "21. Demands for space are to be sent in before the let of July, if possible, and in no case later than the let of August. "Forms of '.application for space, and other informa tion, may be had on application to the undersigned. " EL. C. OWEN, Captain R.E. "Marlborough House, Pall-mall, London.' THE WA-R - NAVAL AND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE. MA .TA, MAY 17. The continued arrival of English and French troops, en route to the eastward, forms the only subject of local information of the least interest. Up to the evening of the 11th inst. the total amount of French troops and horses that have passed through were—troops, 4.721 rank and file, exclusive of officers ; horses, 1,883 ; mules, 67. Up to last night at gun fire the following is the gross total of French troops, with horses and mules, viz., troops, 5,636 ; horses, 585. Grand total, troops, 10,357 ; horses, 2,468 ; mules, 67. It is not a little remarkable that the amount of casualties among the French horses has been of a very insignificant nature, while the English have lost a con siderable number, and among them some very valuable animals. The glanders has appeared among the French horses, and five of them have been d estro y ed. The Vulcan is about to proceed to England. The number of English troops that have arrived is : By the Blundell. -45 horses, Captain White, Lieu tenant Thomson, Assistant Surgeon Brady, Veterinary Surgeon Constant, and 55 rank and file of the 17th Lancers. By the Bombay—Lieutanant-Colonel Barlow, Major Watson, Captains Budd , Dwy er, Dou g las, and Trevor, Lieutenants Hawley, Segrave, Grogan, Barlow, Smythe, Heywood, Bower, Mathews, and Wilson (Adjutant), Ensigns Inglefield, Vivian, Crosby, and Blunt, Paymas• ter Hall, Quartermaster O'Connor, Surgeon Denny, As sistant-Surgeon Bleckley, and 749 rank and file of the 14th Regiment. By the Edmundsbury-3 5 horses, Captain Morgan, Lieutenant Knight, Paymaster Stephenson, Surgeon Powell, and 40 troopers of the 17th Lancers. By the St. Vincent—Dr. Baxter, 54th Regiment, Lieutenant Davidson, and 51 rank and file of the Royal Artillery. By the British Queen -264 rank and file and officers for the service companies of the regiments in garrison here, Lieutenant Maxse, aide-de•camp to Lord Cardigan, and Major Mayow, also attached to his staff, arrived by the British Queen. By the Baalbec detachments for the East also arrived, but no report has been as yet made. Up to post hour the Simla, with the India mails (out ward), had not been telegraphed. She has been ex pected since the 14th. By the Peninsular and Oriental company's steamer Ripon, which arrived at Southampton yesterday, we have accounts from Gibraltar to the 18th inst. The British transport ships Courier, Timandra, Star of the South, and Gomeiza, which had landed the 39th and 89th Regiments at Gibraltar, sailed thence on the 6th, laden with Minie rifle ammunition, stores, and coals, for the East. The transport-ship Dunbar, with the head quarters of the 17th Regiment, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel M‘Pherson, C. 8., arrived at Gib raltar on the 7th, from Cork. The 55th Regiment, commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Warren, C. 8., embarked on the 10th inst. by the Medway steam-ship from Gibraltar for the East. Their de parture was the signal for a complete ovation on the part of the inhabitants of the garrison. The steamer Admiral, six days and a half from Cardiff, with hay, beef, and pork for Constantinople, touched at Gibraltar on the 9th. The screw-steamer British Queen, five days from Cork, with detachments of the 3d and 9th Regiments, for Malta, arrived on the 10th inst. The transport-ship No. 43 passed the Straits of Gibraltar on the 10th inst. The steamer Baalbec, with a draught of the 55th Regiment, from Cork, touched at Gibraltar on the 11th inst., en route to Constantinople The left wing of the 17th Regiment, under command of Major Bourke, arrived at Gibraltar on the 12th inst., in the transport-ship Cornwall. Her Majesty's screw troop-ship Shroom, having on board the 79th Highlanders, commanded by Lieutenant- Colonel Elliott, touched at Gibraltar on the 12th on her way to Constantinople. The gallant Highlanders met with a most enthusiastic reception from the troops in the garrison during their short stay at Gibraltar. The British transport Rodsley, No. 37, 18 days from Wool wich, with a detachment of the Royal Horse Ar tillery, arrived at Gibraltar on the 13th inst., and lett on the 14th fur the East. The transport Sultana passed the Straits on the 15 ast., and the Rubicon on the 17th inst. ARRIVAL FROM THE BALTIC FLEET. The Holyrood, screw steam hired transport, Corn mander Lovett, arrived at Sheerness at 7.30 a.m. yes terday from the Baltic fleet. Commander Lovett left Sir Charles Napier with his flag-ship the Duke of Wel lington, and his squadron, cruising N.N.E. of the Island of Gottska Sandoe, distant about 30 miles. No attempts up to the 16th inst. (the day on which the Holyrood left the fleet) had been made to attack either Revel, the Island of Aland, or any other Russian porgy. The English fleet were then waiting the arrival of the French fleet, and no operations are anticipated until the fleets unite. Only one French line-of-battle ship had joined Sir Charles Napier's squadron, but the whole of the French fleet were daily expected. On the 17th inst. the Royal George, 121 guns, sent a boat alongside the Holyrood for information, and she reported having passed six sail of the line of the French fleet on the pre vious day. The Holyrood has brought home 61 invalids from the fleet ; 63 were sent on board, but two seamen (invalids) died on the passage home ; one died on the 17th, and the other on the 22d, from the effects of in termittent fever. Captain Dunlop (who went out passenger in the St. Jean d'Acre) has taken a passage home in the Holyrood. A Mr. Ringrose, mate, is among the invalids sent home; also a boy named Parsons, who lost his right arm by firing a musket. On the 18th inst., the Holyrood passed the Penelope steam-frigate, with the Water Tank in tow, in the East Sea ; the Penelope steam-frigate sent a boat alongside, and reported all well. The Holyrood arrived at Copenhagen on the 18th, and left there on the 20th inst., passed Elsinore the same day at noon, and cleared the Scaw at 1 a.m. the follow ing day. She did not afterwards pass any English or French men-of-war, and saw no vessel bearing the Rus sian colours during her passage home. The Holyrood has steamed home from Copenhagen in 74 hours. Mr. George Frankish, pilot for the Baltic, came home as passenger in the Holyrood. Mr. Frankish left the Edinburgh, 60 guns, Rear-Admiral Henry D. Chads. The Edinburgh was then in company with Sir Charles Napier's squadron. The Basilisk, 6 guns, paddle-wheel steam-sloop, had been close in off Hango Head, and sighted the Russian fleet, from 10 to 12 sail. A shot was tired from the bat tery, which fell short of the Basilisk. After recon noitring sufficiently, she returned. Up to the time of the Holyrood leaving the allied fleet had not been above e Revel, the ice not having cleared away. a NAVAL APPOINTMENTS. Lieutenants—William Dawson (1854), recently pro- , moted from mate of the Excellent, gunnery-ship at Portsmouth, is re-appointed to that ship as lieutenant ; Hon. H. W. Chetwynd (1850), recently serving in the Cumberland, 70, to the Sphinx ; T. E. Smith, from the Britomart, 8, brig, on the west coast of Africa station, to the Sphinx. Paymaster—James W. Ashby (1852), to the Sphinx. Masters' Assistants—A.. J. Armstrong, to Nautilus, 6, brig, tender to the Impregnable, flag-ship, at Devon port ;W. R. Cronin, to the Victory, flag-ship, at Ports mouth ; W. H. Willing, to the Indefatigable, 50, at Devonport. Assistant-Surgeon—John Barclay, M.D. (1846), borne as additional assistant-surgeon on the books of the Victory, flag-ship, at Portsmouth, for service in Haslar Hospital, to the Fisgard, flag-ship, at Woolwich, fur dockyard service, vice Jenkyns, promoted. Clerk—John Mumford (1848), recently serving in the Fox, 42, on the East Indies station, to the Fisgard, flag-ship, at Woolwich, vice Fisher, appointed to the Hornet, 17, screw steam-sloop. Clerk's Assistant—A. L. Eversfield, to the Sphinx. Gunner—Guithard Henry, to the Hornet, at Wool wich. Boatswain —William Oliver, to the Hornet. Carpenter—William J. Gibson, to the Hornet. Acting-Gunner—Emmanuel Farewell, to the Medina, I I paddle•wheel steam-sloop, at Woolwich. The Tribune, 30, screw-frigate, Captain the Hon. °ll THE SECRET CAUSES OF SELF-ACQUIRED . S. T. Carnegie, arrived at Spithea yesterday morning AND ”IgAPPOTNTED HOPES. from Sheerness to await orders. She dressed ship at 8, THE SILENT FRIEND. and fired a Royal salute at noon. In Six Languages—Fit —Fiftieth Edition. The Sprightly steam-tender, Mr. Allen, Acting al E `An° and CONTAINING THE REMEDY FOE PervENTION OT D n IIIE a MIE Illustrated by One Hundred Anatomical Colour grMaster, commanding, proceeded to Sheerness yesterday cases. with supernumeraries, and conveyed thither also Lieut. N ew Edition, enlarged to 200 pages, price 29. 6d., by post, from the on application. Crawley and the other officers and men of the late Establishment, 3s. 6d. in stamps, IRE SILENT FRIEND, a Medical Work on lei l'on Paris Francais. Titer sericht man Deutsch. Qui si par la Italian°. AQUA se habla Espano. Resistance ,gun-boat jaspleor. guns, troop-transport, Master the exhaustion and physical decay of the system, produced by Commander M. Bradshaw, sailed from Sheerness for the excessive ___ -.- indulgence, the consequences of infection, or th , e abuse of steam e oT a mh m me roweredeury, with directions for the use of the preventive Lotion, fol- THE COAL AND I RON TRADE.—The iron trade is in a Baltic at 730 a.m. yesterday. Mr. R Leighton, H l l in . ' by observations on Marriage, and the disqualifications which prey it. Illustrated by . loo Coloured Engravings. By R. and L. very excited state, on account of the scarcity of pig iron. master mariner of art epoo , proceeds the Resistance .I and CO., consulting Surgeons, 19, Berners-street, Oxford- We have often referred to the effect that when pig lrOn as pilot for the Baltic. !...t o let, London. Published by Sherwood and Co. 23, Paternoster -8 ow :t , i n tl a u sold ( ,)e eh l a a d . b y Hannay, 63 and Sanger,io was a glut id the market, the manufacturers of malleable The Isis, 44-gun frigate, is in dock at Chatham, don;iron Put the screw alarmingly on the pigmakers, who masted, and being prepared for the pendant with all T r 1 , 1a . 11 , - , s e t r t l e e e r t 95, n d nlssot f•0ff.0771-stsrueettto;no.7ro-, ; 4 ief .rr s g • 13. - Jo e t e mson, 68, Cornhill. dragged out a miserable existence in a financial point of possible despatch. PART I. treats of the anatomy and pby ' slology of the reproductive v iew, and the great wonder and aston i s h m ent was h ow The Wolverine, 12-gun sloop , at Chatham, is progres °lir; and is illustrated by 28 Coloured Engravings- they carried on, amid dangers and difficulties of no ordi- sing very smartly with her equipment, and will shortly ei aa'r 11. treats of the consequences resulting from excessive in u g e nce, and their lamentable effects on the system, Producing nary character ; but on they went, and met the troubles be ready for sea. mental and bodily weakness, nervous excitement, and generative which surrounded them with great fortitude and firmness. The Spy, 3 guns, brigantine, at Chatham, has had PACT"'city. Illustrated by 10 Explanatory Engravings. rigged i W e a l w ays stated that until an equilibrium was es t a b- her masts stepped, and is being with all possible VALUE OF LAND IN IVlELuarnNS,—The price o f town ill treats of the diseases resulting from infection, either in the pri ,_ • land is almost beyond credit. There is no limit to the u " 7 or secondary for and contains explicit directions for lished between the produce of the raw material and despatch for service in the Baltic. 141. r. treatment. This section is illustrated by 62 Coloured Engrav- the manufacturer, such a state of . thi ngs must neeessa _ The Hannibal, 91 guns, new screw steam-ship, Cap- ex t r avagant opinion that buyers and sellers entertain of PACT rily exist, and n?thing will r ectify it b u t an h ea lthy tain the Hon. Frederick W. Grey, it is now s t a t e d, w ill it s va l ue . Innumerable instances might be quoted ;in IV. contains a Remedy for the Prevention of Disease by a simpl e , and legitimate position as it regards demand a nd su pply. not be ready to be put out of dry-dock at Chatham un t i l on e case, a house, purchased for 2501., lately fetched application, bv which the danger of infection is obviated. PACT... V. is devoted to the consideration of marriage and its duties. The tables are turned, and the pigmaker is now in the the 10th of next month. 12,000/. ; another, offered to Government for the use " ite c auses of DriprOdllettVG union are also considered, and the whole ascendant, and is obtaining almost any price h e p l eases , The Rhadamanthus, paddle-wheel steam store-ship, of the military officers, for 3,000/. a month, afterwards InThiect critically and Dillies° hically inquired into. THE Csottut A i BAI N OFP syrip,,cuM is exclusively employed irrespective e ntirely of any relative value o f manufac- left W oo lwich at noon yesterday for Sheerness with a was valued at 5,000/. ; they still hesitated, and the In n . +, --ea-ng nervous an d sexua l debility, impotence, &c., I Is. and 3 3 s- tured iron, while he is equally submissive to the m i ne p o rtion of the engines for the Royal Albert, 131, fitting price gradually rose to 6,600/., which sum Government Per bottle. The Concentrated Detersive Essence, an anti-syphilitic i•ottic.declined giving, having about that period received iron rem e d y , for , owners, from . whom the . ore is procured. Good hot- at that port.barracks. As another instance, the Government have purifying the blood in cases of infection, secondary sYmntons, eruptions and the abuse of mercury, lls and 33s per ' blast mine pigs are realising from 51. 15s. to Cl. per ton, Her Majesty's .steam-vessel Prometheus,. having h a d , rer-y , s I > ,T., if s pee in e pills, 2e. 0(1 4s. 6d.. and . 1 ls. and ironstone is fetching 245. per ton. The coal market her copper examined and repairs made good, will be l on g desired Degraves' fine blue stone store, and have er -"rx, a certain rcl - nedv for gonosrhaia., sleet, stricture, and is.in a very buoyant sate, and the demand cannot be taken out of dock at Plymouth on Wednesday. She made many liberal overtures, but without tempting the , u,,,, e Ind _ peoprietor to i,ell. They at last asked him to name a , animation of the ble.dder. Consultation tee, if by letter, .• ~ tninat s detail is 4 ' . met, wiiic!i has induced Lord Ward's agent to m'ilirk out has received orders to proceed to Lisbon. t nituein ,, t ... 0n1y i- of the cite , rev re,. . aae, hat‘ts, and post- _ i price—a final figure—in order that they might settle the iu society . 5/. Packets w.i. , , alvlce, to he had at tht. I:*iablish- 44kntli.; tresa coal pits. are in atten by dan whi Hundreds of acres iie in their The crew of the Calcut : ta, s.i, Captain Stopford, ‘,„ , ;of. eh the fe e ',lll:ui sa ved. biessrs. Perry, Surgeons. , maiden state in the direction of his lordship's residence her lower rigging over her mastheads ou Tuesday. affair one way or another. He meditated awhile, aud don_ from .... ev cef daily, at 19, Berners-street, Oxford-street, Lon- iat Himley; which ere long, no doubt, will and must be 1 The screw s team-ship Himalaya, Capt. Kellock, from then as his ultimatum, named 85,0001.—The Land of siii a s. en till Two s and rive ta =cut; on Patty from brought into the inarkete--Woiver4OPP4o9 Ronald. Southampton, to Cork, was observed on Wednesday ' Promise. -- - COLONEI LAND MAN N'S NEW WORK. Now remy, in 2 21s. hound, RECOLLECTIONS of my MILITARY LIFE. By Colonel LA NDMANN, late of the Corps of Royal En crs, author of " Adventures and Recollections." Hurst and Plackett, Publishers, suce,ssors to Henry Colburn, 13, Great 31arlborou4h•street. In 2 vols. post Bvo., with a large coloured Map, price 245., TRAVELS IN SIBERIA. By S. S. BILL, Esq. "Every work relating to the Russian empire at present attracts public attention.. • . ..In Mr. Bill's olumes will be foam," much im portant information on regions little known in Europ , , conveyed in a style attractive and interesting. They recsrd the observations and impressions of an intelligent and enterprising traveller r.s to the resources and institutions and people of Asiatic 14usssia.."—Literary Gazette London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmstns. READINGS FOR TRAVELLERS. This day, fcp., Is. 6d., PICTURES from the EAST (CEYLON). By JOHN CAPPER, .Luthor of " The Three Residencies of " Our Gold Colonies," &e. Recently published, SAMUEL JOHNSON. By ! nomes CARLYLE. Is. BURNS. By THOMAS C4BIALE. IS. A VISIT TO BELGRADE. Is. London : Chapman and Hall, 193, Piccadilly. Immetliately, in RANSCAUC ASIA : SKETCH ES of the one volume Svo , TTIONS and RACES between the BLACK SEA and the CA.PIAN By Baron VON HAXTHAUSEN, Author of " Stud , en tiller die innern Zosta de Russlands." With illustratioi,s by C. Graeb, printed in coloura by Leighton. London : Chapman and Hall, 193, Piccadilly. Now ready, at all the libraries, 3 vols., post svo. AGNES VALMER. A. Novel. " 't has the one great merit of a novel—that it main s the reader's curiosity, interests and amuses him. The reader will be notlikely to lay down the work VII he has finished it, and he will find it tedious nowhere."—Fxa-..inor. "We have read Ibis novel with much pleasure, for it is full 01 feeling ; and ahigh conscientious moral tone pervades it. The prin cipal characters are w: it p ,rtraved, and are in themselves int,rest ing st , dies: the dramatic situations they are placed in, extraordinary enough to satisfy m , st lovers o: the romantic ; and theter dialogue being carri don in a natural lift -like st y le, keeps up the niest in the story to the c , nclusion."—Atlas. London: Chapman and Hall, 193, Piccadilly. DR. MAD DOCK'S NEW WORK. This day, Bvo., price ss. 6d., ON MENTAL and NERVOUS DISORDERS : corn rising a selection of interesting Cases a Melancholy. Lunacy, Sleeplessness, Despondency, Groundless Anxiety, Nervous Excitement. and Debility. &c., &c., with the moles of Treatment hich were successfully adopted by AL H.E 1) MADDOCK, M.D., for erly resident ph s c , an of the Mailin F g Asylu ß. m. " Evidently the results of a sound judgment and extensive observa tion." Asylum Journal " Full of ma , ter int , resting to the general reader." - Sunday Times. simpkin, Marshall, and Co. Stationer's-hall-court ; B. Dailliete, 2 19, ' Reger t-street. THE BALTIC IN 1851.—Incidents, Places, and Costume, sketched on the spot by Mr. E. T. DOLBY, author of the Great View of Kronstadt, who is now engaged in :he Baltic for Paul and Dominic Colnaghl and Co , 13 and 14, Pall-ma!l East, Publishers to her Majes , y, who will issue in the course of a few days the following Plates in T inted Lithography, price 3s. each, Coloured 55.:- 1 PANIC AT DINNER TIME—You lubber !—There's a Rooshian in sight. 2 THE ST. ANNE'S PLATS, COPENHAGEN, on SUNDAY. 3. THE RUSSIAN WAR DISCUSSION in a SWEDISH '0 UTAGE. CRYSTAL PALACE, 1854. TO ADVERTISERS. -ADVERTISEMENTS intended tor insertion in the various ILoassmooics t the Con tents of the Exhibition, must be received by Messrs. BR str ADeet, BURY on and Everts, the Publishers t o the Company, 11, Bouverie- or before she 25th of May. 1001.,301.. 201., AND MANY 5/.'s FOR NOVIING. T" ot 265., the best family, theatrical, and sporting news,)aper, the EltA, will be supplied for 52 weeks, and a numbered receipt pre • sented GRATIS, entitling you to part.ciPate in the ERA DERBY DisTaIBUTION of lOW., 301, 201., !nd several 51.'8. Jolt imme diately, or before the 29th in , t. 1,5001. have alr , ady been given to subscribers who pay in advance, and their names ant addresses an b seen at the Era Office. All Post-office Ord-rs p tyable to Messrs. William Willott and Frederic Ledger, Era Office, 3, Catherine-street , Strand, London. NOTICE, NOTICE. THE ER A, of May 27, will contain THE DERBY AND OAKS PROPHECY. STARTERS, TRA O IN UC II =TONE ERS. AND ." RIDERS. By .. T On June the 3d, a beautiful POR tit tIT of the WINNER, By A. F. DE PRADES, the well-known Artist. Order of all Newsagents, or send Six Postage Stamps to 2, Catherine street, Strand. TO NERVOUS SUFFERERS. -A. ofTI CLERGYMAN having been restored to health in few days, aiter many years of great nervous suffering, is anxious to make known to others the means of cure. He will, therefore, send free, on receiving a stamped envelope , p ro p erl y addressed, a copy of the pre scription used. Direct the Rev. E. Douglass, 18, Holland-street, Brixton. London. . KAHN'S MUSEUM.-- (500 Anatomical Wax Figures), SALLE ROBIN. 232, Picca dilly_ OPEN ior gentlemen from l l till 5 morning. and from 7 till 10 even*. New Lectures at 12, 2.4, and half-past 7, by he Museum Dr. Sex ton, F.R:G.S. On Wednesdayand Fridays, a pirtion of t is open for ladies only, from 2 till 5. Lecture at 3, by Mrs. Sexton. Admission, One LAURENT'S CASINO , ARGYLE Rooms, (Lessee, Cuss. C. LAURENT, Onslow-house, FuLaam-road), —The above Rooms are now OPEN FOR THE SEASON. I nd will continue open every evening, with LAUREN N. T'S ELEBRATED BAND. Constantinople Quadrille, S u ltan Polka, r' Fair Star Wattz, and Overlan , l Mail Galop, by D'Albert ; also, by H. Lalrent , the following Waltzes - La belle Frangaise, Leonora, Villi kins and his Dinah, Admission, Is. Doors open at half-past Dancing to commence at 9 o'clock, and ter ilnate at half-past 11. 8. ATTRACTIVE NOVELTIES. ROYAL POLYTE CHNIC INSTITUTION. PATRON—H.R.H. PRICE ALBERT. The SEAT of WAR, showing the principal places on the DANUBE, KALAF AT, WID DI N , GIURGEVO, SEB ASTOPOL, the entrance to the BLACK SEA, BAT rLE of SI NOPE, and DE , TRUCTION of the TURKISH FLEET, and other scenes (kindly supplied by the proprietors of the Illustrated London News"), EXBIHITED in a NEW SERIES of ItISAOLVING VIEWS. LECTURES by J. H. PEPPER, Esq . on the CHEMISTRY of our DAILY BREAD, in special relation to that made by the NEW PRG;ESS at the MARYLE BONE WORKHOUSE, daily at Two o'clock ; and in the Evenings on the MANUFALTURE and DECORATION of PATER. LECTURE by Dn. BACRROFFNER on ELECTRICITY, and the ELECTRIC LIGHT. Exhibition of Trestrail's Method of Raising Sunken Vessels, &c.. &c. Open Mornings and Evenings. Admission, Is. ; Schools and Children under Ten years of age, Half-price. " CHOLERA!!! TPrevented by the destruction of all noxious effluvia. CREWS'4 DISINFECTING FLUID. R ECO MMENDED BY THE COLLE GE OE PHYSICIANS. TIIE CHEAPEST AND STRONGEST CHLORID E OF ZlNCmists, e Ch . Quarts, 2s. ; Pints , Is. ; Half-pints, 6d. Sold by all Druggists, and Shipping A g ents, and at Commercial Wharf, Mile End, London. Agents—Messrs. D. ew, ileyward,and Barren, Bush ane, Cannon-street, City. FVENTS of a RACE.—An ANTICIP ATION of F the DERRY DAY,—Custom has intoe thousand s e rby Day ; who do a nut call themselves sportsm en to visit Epo on the D vast sum will be staked on the race ; hut immense numbers will take a trip to the !towns to see the com pany and enjoy tbe pleasure of, s o and f a coun try excursion. The events of s uch a day are long talked erybody knows how everybody else were dres-ed. For a numbed of years E. MOSES and ON have made the most extensive arrange ments to supply all classes with the most suitable Attire for the Derby Day, and have fully entered into the contest of furnishing every article bet. er and cheaper than any other house in the world. Daily events show that they always win the race in the most triumphal manner, and have prepared everyone to anticipate allnveltie and comfor s of Attire for every season and occasion. t in anoticipl s tion of the Derby D y, as a season of pleasure, every person, sports man or not, should inspect the splendid stock of Dress prepared by E. Moses and Ron; it will resist sun and dust, look elegant and feel cofortable, and may be obtained at their City Establishment. or their m West-end Branch, for considerably less money than might be paid elsewhere. The Hat, Cap, Hosiery, and Boot and Shoe Departments are the reeedtacies of a Magnificent Stock, all new, Illustrating the skill of all countries, and the experience and enterprise of E. Moses and Son in their selection. The Wholesale Department contains the largest an most select stock of Clothing, Boats and Shoes, Shirts, &c. entirely for the home or ex port trade, and furnishes a dvanta g es in quality and t,rice unprecedented. Outfits for all classes of Emigrants, Ladies and Gentlemen. full lists of which may be had on application or post free. CAUTION. --E. MOSES and SON regret hatingto guard the ,tublic against imposition,heying learned that the nntradesman - like falsehood of " Being connected with ,heir Establishment," or he same concern," has been resorted to in many instances, anti for bvious reasons, they beg to state that they have No CONNEXION WITH ANY OTHEIt HOUSE IN Oa OUT OF LONDON, except their own Establishments, as follows : London City Establishment, 154, 155. 156, and 157, Minories, 84 85, and 86, Aldgate, opposite the Church, all communicating. London West-end Branch, 506, 507, 508, New Oxford-street, 1, 2, and 3, Hart-street, all communicating. Bradford (Yorkshire) Branch, 19 and 20, Bridge-street. Sheffield Branch, 36, Fargate. Colonial Branch, Melbourne, Australia. Merchant Tailo.s Clothiers, Hatters , He aters, Furriers, Boot and Shoe Makers, and General Outfitters for Ladies and Gentleme n will be IMPORTANT.—ShouId any article not give satisfaction, it exchanged if desired, or, if preferred, the money will be returned without hesitation. All goods are marked in Plain figures, the loWeSt twice, trom which no abatement can be made. The Establishments are closed from sunset on Fridays to sunset on Saturdays, when business is resumed till 12 o'clock. A new Book, with illustrations, entitled" The Echo of Public Opi nion," containing fall lists ot rices ow ssm of self-measure moot, &c., &c., may be had on application, system post-free. A handsome Almanac for the year ending 1854 can be had, gratis, in most cases the increase has been continuous, or nearly so. The following figures will enable the reader to see at a glance the difference between the amounts of the first and last years in the series : 1835. 1853. £5,793,456 218,861 175,974 Arniy Militia Commissariat Total army services Navy Ordnance Total army, navy, and ord nance Civil services £11,730,073 ,393,182 --- Total supply services voted 1A4,123,255 The estimates for the current year, original and sup plemental, are as follows:—Army, 7,157,4861. ; Ord nance, 4,588,010/. ; Commissariat, 644,5731. ; Navy, 12,041,6791. ; total, 24,431,7481. ; Civil Services, 5,294,9151.; grand total, 29,726,663/. The expenditure in the army increased, it will be seen, but little during the period which must now be called the last twenty years of peace. The maximum was reached in 1842, when the amount was 6,364,4261., and for some years there was a decline ; but in 1848 the total had risen to 6,343,6861.. after which it again fell to somewhat below six millions, its amount in 1851. The vote for the militia gradually fell to 103,7001., at s which sum it stood in 1851 ; but the measures adopted in 1852 raised it at once to 386,7151. in that year, and a further augmentation is observable in the vote of 1853. In the vote for the Commissariat there were very consi derable fluctuations, the maximum (attained in 1849) having been 597,3971. The increase of expenditure upon the navy was almost continuous up to the year 1848, in which the total grant amounted to 7,764,0201. In 1852, it had declined about a million and a quarter, s but, as has before been stated, it rose in the folio. 7 ,333,805/. The vote of last year for the tirwesssesresaysseded by abobt 300,0001. that of any preceding year. If the peace of Europe had remained undisturbed, not a few taxpayers might have been disposed to murmur at the addition of six millions to our naval and military ex penditure, shown by the figures which have been quoted ; but it is a fact beyond dispute that we are at this mo - ment reaping the advantage of the prudent policy adopted by successive Administrations. We have paid a large and an increasing annual premium for insurance, and the time has arrived at which every sum that has been so invested may be wanted, nor need we entertain a doubt that it will be returned to us with compound inte rest. Large sums were expended in equipping paddle wheel steamers ; and the expense was, of course, a bur den which the nation would willingly have escaped. The screw principle was then found to be superior, and costly alterations were requisite. Again there was a natural reluctance to incur the necessary expense, but prudence prevailed, and the new construction was adopted. The same observation applies to the votes for the ordnance service, the outlay of which has been vastly increased by the improvements which modern science has suggested.. It is not necessary now to inquire what would have been our position had these precau tions been neglected ; but it is certain that even the largest outlay would not have made up for past par simony. Ships cannot be built in a day, especially if they are to be constructed of timber procured from the royal forests, and if, according to established custom, a mass of correspondence almost as ponderous as the timber itself is on each occasion to pass between three or four Government offices—nor can an army be trained in a day. The truth is, that we are now able to raise the supplies for the year within the year, because we have been accustomed to raise within the year the sup plies which might be required in future years. The increase in the civil services usually termed " Miscellaneous " has also been very large, and, with hardly an exception, continuous. Detailed comparison, however, will show that a considerable part of the aug mentation has been occasioned by the assumption, on the part of the Government, of functions which it did not in former years attempt to discharge—that other items appear in consequence of re-distributions of the national burdens effected within the last few years—and that, of the remainder, a portion not insignificant is at tributable simply to the intinner in which grants which might have been voted entirely in any one year have been divided over a series of years. As an illustration of the latter observation, we may take the first class, which comprises public works and buildings. The New Houses of Parliament were in each year the subject of a vote, but the annual amount varied from 30,0001. (its minimum), in 1840, to 215,774/. (its maximum), in 1853. In like manner, the vote for harbours of refuge, which was first taken in 1845, and in the succeeding year was only 30,0001., also reached its maximum in 1853, and was then 226,0001. In the second class, which provides for the salaries of public departments, the expenditure- connected with the administration of the poor laws has risen from 54,0001. to 214,0001., because new charges for schoolmasters and for medical relief have been in troduced in the course of the period. Again, the ex pense of prosecutions and maintenance of prisoners, formerly defrayed by the county rates, which enters for 80,0001. only in 1835, had in 1853 risen to 240,0001.; and the charge for Government prisons, transportation, and convict establishments in the colonies, which little exceeded 310,0001. at the commencement of the period, had reached almost 900,0001. at its close. The grant for public education in Great Britain and Ireland, which was 80,0001. in 1835, has also steadily risen to 442,0731. in 1853; and the vote for the department of practical art under the superintendence of the Board of Trade, which first appeared in 1836, and was then only 1,3001., had last year increased to 44,476/. Our limits do not allow of our pursuing in detail the several variations which are observable, but the instances which have been given are sufficient to show that, large as the increase in these estimates has been, it is to a great extent accounted for by the circumstances which have been mentioned. Year after year, the necessity of improving prison dis cipline and of promoting national education has been urged upon successive Governments, and it must have been obvious that each attempt would involve an in crease of expenditure ; nor is it to be doubted that the money has been advantageously expended. The aug mentation in the Poor-law department, and the charges which have been taken from the county rates, are also to be looked upon as redistributions rather than aggra vations of the national burdens ; yet the alterations in their incidence may have to be considered when the long unsettled accounts between real and personal pro perty are finally adjusted—as some financiers are san guine enough to believe that they may be—with a view to determining equitably the amount which ought to be levied on each for the necessities of the State. TRIAL TRIP OF THE TAMAR.--SOUTHAMPTON, Wed uesday.—The trial trip of this ship, which has been built for the Royal Mail Company by Messrs. Pitcher, of Northfieet, took place to-day. There were on board Captain Chappell, managing director ; Captain Lyatt, Captain Vincent, superintendent to the company at this port; Messrs. Brown and Lynn, Government inspectors; Mr. Mills, superintending- engineer, 8:c. The Tamar is a fine ship, of 1850 tons burden, with engines of (tiorni nally) 400 horse-power, but which during the trial worked up to 1,553. The ship, upon leaving the docks, went to Stoke's Bay, where the measured mile was, owing to the throttle valve of the engine being closed during one of the runs, traversed seven times. As is usual on occasions of the kind, sundry reports generally give varied results, but the Government return, as fur nished to us, exh ibits a speed of 14.646 knots, or e q ual to about 16 miles per hour. The result is d ee med highly satisfactory by the owners of the vessel, who no doubt will experience all their expectations when she takes her place, as a mail contract ship, upon either the Nest India or Brazil station. It is, however, very pro . bable that she will be selected to convey the West India mails of the 17th proximo. A FUGITIVE DISCOVERED.—More than a year and A ha lf ago defalcations to the amount of upwards of 1,000/. were discovered, it was alleged, in the accounts of George Jennings, a clerk, who held a post of trust in the bank of Messrs. Sparrow, Round, and Co., of Chelms ford. He at the time absconded, and, notwithstanding the active pursuit of the Essex police, their patient watch of a vessel in which it was found he had paid his passage for Australia, and the apprehension of Langham, an emigration agent (who subsequently brought an action for false imprisonment), on the charge of assisting his escape, he baffled all efforts to capture him. It was be lieved at the time that the payment of his passage-money at a shipping-office was a ruse to put the pursuers off the scent ; that Jennings in the meantime had effected hie escape by another vessel, and had long since reached the United States or the diggings. It now appears, however, that he actually intended to proceed in the ship that sailed from Liverpool—that he was in the train in which Superintendent May proceeded to that town, but, having caught sight of the officer, and guessed his errand, he got out at an intermediate sta tion, and so eluded him. The sacrifice of his passage money, however, so far exhausted his finances as to pre vent his adopting other means of escaping from the country, and he has been shifting about till a few months ago, when he obtained a situation at a guinea a week as farm-bailiff to Mr. Mears, at Mitcham, in Surrey, where he does not appea r to have adopted much precaution for disguise or concealment beyond changing his Christian name from George to Charles; it is even stated that he was present not long ago on business in Romford market, but this is not credited. Last week the police received a hint, it is understood from a person connec ted with Chelmsford, as to his location, and Inspector Rayment, who is sta tioned at Romford, and is w ell acquainted with hi s p ers on, was sent to appre hend him. That officer pro ceeded to Mitcham on Friday, and while at a public house taking some re freshment near the window, and keeping a look out at the same time, he saw Jennin g s cßoauyiinan:nut,pwthheoswtraeseti,n plain clothes, stopp e d hi m, and on his way to M. M ears ' s f arm. inquired if he was aware he was a policeman. J enn i ngs was not. " But I am," responded the officer, apprehend you on the c h arge o f ro bbi ng t r‘ l 'e i al e )nli l d l el a i n I k hseb :: l Clelinsford." To this no resistance was offered, aud, having taken him into custody, Rayment conveyed him to Croydon, when a magistrate formally remanded him to Chelmsford for examination. He was fully committed on Monday.—Essex Herald. lON' .27 53 1 4 533 i ; 07. 17 9 0 0 0 0 ' 0 •crta'n e 6 "h. ga t, 1 eciallf ed allY 6 dsilf [ i 1)0