The Sun. — London, England, 1833-11-12 00:00:00

.SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS A letter which appeared yesterday, under the head of " New Ageressions of Russia," was not undeserving of attention. The first of the spe cific " aggressions" complained of by our cor respondent is the incorporation of six Wallachian regiments with the 6th division of the Russian army. It would appear, from the account trans mitted to us, that the above regiments had been raised by the Prince Giga for the service of their native country, and that their diversion to that of the Czar of Muscovy was effected by an im perial order from St. Petersburgh. By the last unfortunate treaty which the Government of the Grand Seignor signed at Adrianople, Russia, we believe, had the right conceded to her of pro tecting the religious and civil privileges of the Christians in Wallachia and Moldavia, if not throughout the whole of Turkey in Europe ; but we are not aware that her power of in terposition extended so far as to justify her in appropriating to her own we whatever national forces might be levied in provinces still under the acknowledged sway of Turkey, thus transforming a Protectorship for espe pecial and limited ends into a general and absolute dominion. There is no doubt that Europe at large had a solid and immediate interest in confining within the closest reasonable boundaries the advantages stipulated for Russia under the above-mentioned treaty, seeing that it has for two generations past been an admitted principle of the defensive policy of all European states, but more particularly and prominently of England, as the first of maritime powers, and of France, as one deeply engaged in the main tenance of the Mediterranean commerce, to restrain the encroachments of the Autocrat upon the declining and feeble Turk, and to prevent by force of arms, if no other means should suffice, the transfer of Constantinople and the Darda nelles to the cruel destroyer of Poland. What may be the actual bearing of this late military violence (for such it is represented) upon those provisions of the treaty of Adrianople which pre scribe and ascertain the rights of Russia with regard to Wallachia and Moldavia, it is for the Governments of England and France to consi der. Perhaps, if it should turn out to be in reality a " new aggression," those two enlightened Governments may begin to ponder upon the expediency of adopting some yet untried species of defence. As respects, however, the second charge brought against the Court of St. Peters burgh by our correspondent, namely, that it is now in the act of intriguing against England in a tender point, and instigating that fiscal confe deracy which he calls the " Prusso German Powers" to increase their import duties upon British goods to such a scale as would be tanta mount to a prohibition, we are bound to confess that such an index of unfriendliness on the part of Russia can he met no otherwise than by counter representations to the German States on our part, dissuading them from the absurd and self injurious policy recommended to them, combined, perhape, with certain changes in our commercial legislation towards Russia herself, which might soon convince her of the disad vantages attending her offensive and hostile, though covert, proceedings against the prosperity of Great Britain. Nothing would be easier than f it England, if provoked, to exclude the produce of the Russian empire from facilities and benefits offered to that of other States, and although none a - e be more averse than we ourselves are on , mciple to partialities or impediments in the way of national commerce, we cannot help admitting that such remedies may sometimes, and not un wisely, be resorted to for the sake of recalling, when other methods fail, an intractable and encroaching Power to the duties of fair dealing and good neighbourhood. In the number of the Edinbur g h Review lately published there is rn article on " the state and relations of the Turkish empire," which contains a large portion of interesting and useful matter. The reviewer proceeds on a tacit understanding, so clear, in deed, as to require no formal exposition what ever, that the state of Turkey cannot be discussed without a direct and undissembled reference to the relations of other countries with her and with each other—that is to say, of England and Russia, the first always acting on a pal pable interest in her amelioration and inte grity, the second in her overthrow and extinc tion. The Edinburgh Review upholds the wisdom, or rather the necessity, of the prodi gious efforts made by the Sultan to crush the vilianous and destructive aristocracy of the Ot toman empire—a power exhibited under various forms-1. The chiefs of the law, or Ulemas. 2. The feudal aristocracy, or Dere Beys of Anatolia; Timariots of Rotimclia, Capitani of Albania and Greece, and the Boyards of the provinces on the Danube. 3. Ephemeral and upstart favourites, together with the Paellas and corrupt officers of the Court, who are described as forming the worst species of Turkish aristocracy. 4. The Janissaries. It is stated broadly, that after an arduous, sanguinary, and unrelenting struggle, Mahtnoud has succeeded in putting down these cruel oppressors of the body of his people, as well as dangerous rivals of the so vereign authority, and has conciliated the bulk of his subjects to his own person, in the same proportion in he has relieved them from their local and subordinate persecutors. But it seems to us but too obvious that the publication in question has viewed the result of all upon the prospects and real independence of Turkey with a far too partial bearing. There is a peril, im minent, urgent, frightful, which threatens to make an end of Malimotid and his empire before the principles of that extensive, but unavoidably progressive, reform which he has prepared, can have time to be actively developed. The ques tion lies in a short compass—Will Nicholas arrest the march o f R uss i an i ntr i gues an d aggressions, put in movement, as they plainly are, and have been since long before he was born, for the one great object of subjugating the 'Turkish power ? Will he thus let the invigo rating spirit of justice, knowledge, and in creased civilization throughout Turkey get the start of his cupidity, and perhaps finally defeat it ; or will h e str ik e , w hil e, so f ar as T urkey . alone concerned, she can offer no effectual resistance, and Must owe whatever chance she possesses of safety to the interposition of her f r i en d s at the opposite extremity of Europe ? The reasonable fear unquestionably is, that Russia may take advantage of the st a t e o f tran sition which her destined victim at this moment undergoes. The Cabinet of St. Petersburgh knows when to be prompt and when patient ; and the inducement to the former course of action is now so manifest as to leave no room for surprise, at least, if it should be eagerly adopted. Treachery and violence, force and fraud, have alternately been had recourse to as instruments of Russian ambition with regard to Poland as well as Turkey. We believe that, as in the former case there is not an English or French statesman living who will defend the tame submission of his country to the tyranny under which Poland fell, so is there none who will now advise his sovereign to acquiesce in the incorporation of Turkey with the crime-fraught Russian empire. We quote some passages from the article in the Edinburgh Review, which are not unworthy to be regarded as a key to the feelings of his Majesty's Government on this important subject " Many fortuitous circumstances have concurred to give to Russia a casual supremacy in the north, which has led to an exaggerated notion of her strength. At the close of the war in 1514, Russia, under the Emperor Alexander. having long played with the national enthu siasm of the Poles, successfully repulsed the French invasion, and led on the popular feelings of the continent against the tyrannous n•iimpations of Bonaparte. She was then as popular as she was strong. But affairs have since changed greatly. England, and Fiance in despite of her Bourbons, soon assumed the lead on the liberal side ; and Russia, too proud to follow in their step?, gladly threw her whole weight into the opposite scale, and concocted an alliance, which, in derision, yet bears the name of Holy. This eminently served the real purposes of her ambition. It placed her at the head of a party to which her Government naturally belonged, and the late popular triumphs in France and other parts have greatly contributed to the advancement of her pretensions. She herself, sheltered in snow and ignorance, laughs at the buebear fear of a native House of Commons; but she knows full well how to play off that fear upon the Courts of Vienna and Berlin. By raising a hue and cry against the progress of liberal opinions, she plunges them into all the depths of Frankfort decrees, and the honours of a war against printers' devils, professors, and universities. This conduct places them more or less at variance with their own subjects, and with the power ful Goverments of England and France. It also propels or drifts them to the side of Russia, who thus dexterously maintains a constant and confidential influence in their councils, and increases that leaning towards her for alliance and support which dates from the first partition of Poland. She diverts their attention from the stealthy steps with which she is foreclosing their dominions; or, what is perhaps more effectual, she puts to silence their remonstrances. Were not the interests of humanity at stake, we might smile at the ingenuity with which she manoeuvres this stalking-horse of liberalism before the beguiled eyes of her credulous neighbours. Would they listen to us, we might be tempted to whislier in their ears that there is less danger in this dreaded liberality than in the encroaching intimacy of their despotic neighbour, who, by the extension of her territories, gradually tightens the coil she has formed around not the least vulnerable part of their dominions. They would probably scorn our suggestions, and retort upon ourselves and upon France the patience with which we have borne the tone of authority which this remote and least interested Power has assumed in the negotiations of the south; while she has haughtily precluded us from any interference with her infractions of the treaty of Vienna in the north, they might point to Constantinople, to ask us where was the influence which England once possessed with her, so styled, ancient ally? In reply, we would tell them, that this country fully appreciates the blessings of peace, and of her own high station in Europe, and that therefore she enter tains a wise repugnance to committing the happiness of millions to the tender mercies of the sword. For the integrity of her own dominions she does not entertain the shadow of a shade of fear ; neither has she any base or foolish thought of purchasing peace at the price of sub mission, which never yet insured it. Therefore, when ever Russia shall make it appear that the faith of treaties, or the honour and independence of this country, are com promised by an acquiescence in her arrogant pretensions, from that hour she will he made to feel the power of Britain even to the very core of her huge empire. " These are lofty words; hut none are more capable of estimating their truth and value than the present rulers of Russia. They are well aware of the weakness of their own state, and of the dignified forbearance which has been maintained by this country. They know that their empire is an unwieldy mass, utterly unfit for long-continued and distant wars. They know the extreme difficulty with which they scarcely overcame the feeble re sistance of the Turks in 1528 anti 1529 ; they have not forgotten their defeats in Poland. Even their armies, which are countless upon paper, are not so difficult to be numbered on the field ; they are spread over an immense surface, and, except the guards, are ill paid and ill disposed. Her commissariat and medical de partments are scarcely better appointed than those of the Turks. Even so late as her last campaign, when Mr. Slade visited the Russian quarters after the peace of Ad rianople, he met droves of conscripts with marks printed on their bodies, and so dragged up in chains to reinforce the victorious army. Such gentle precautions prove at once the strong disposition to desertion so prevalent in her troops, and the reluctance to the military service reigning even among her serfs; and no wonder, fur the privations and miseries which this writer describes the men and officers as enduring are such as would mike the hardest heart recoil. Of the 40,000 Russians who reached Adrianople in August, 12,000 lay dead in No vember, and of the 8,000 who were left in the hospitals there, not more than 1,500 quitted them alive. Mr. Slade adds—s Horrible to relate, they died of absolute want. In that severe winter, when the streets of Adrianople were deep in snow, those poor fellows lay on the floors of the vast wooden barracks, without beds or bedding, though the foams could have furnished enough for twenty thousand men. On some days they had not fires to cook their soup, while the icy gales from the Euxine sung through the crevices of their hospital. It is said that the Empe ror shed tears on hearing of the distresses of his brave and victorious army. Ile had better heve . sent them roubles. Their diseases partly arose from the water they drank; spirits and wine were dirt cheap at Adrianople, and yet not even a drop was served out to them. (vol. ii. p. 13.) On visiting the Russian quarters beyond the Balkan, he found one division of 15,000 men actually without a single medical attendant;* while hundreds were daily .iisappearing under the combined influence of cold, famine, over-fatigue, and exposure to an unwholesome climate. An average of not less than 50,000 men die annually in the Russian army, without counting those who fall by the casualties of war. The term of servitude is for 25 years, anti no soldier can rise from the ranks, while all are subject to corporeal punishment at the unquestioned order of every officer. Rigorous discipline, and an entire concealment of whatever occurs in other Stations, indeed in other divisions of the same army, prevent the frequent mutinies from gaining too high a bead ; but such cir cuinstancee under the keeping together of a large force for any length of time extremely perilous. • • " At all events, let her no longer be permitted to play eff the Belgian question open the patience of Europe. It has served her purposes long enough and well enough. Under its shelter she subdued Poland. But the hour of transitory weakness is past, and our Ministers may reap the recompense of the wise patience with which they , have conducted our foreign relations. France and Eng land have both happily gone through their reforms ; they are united in power, policy, and mutual esteem; they citify with them a very large portion of the moral power of Europe, and no small portion of its physical force. The keys of mighty events are in their hands. Possess ing this commanding strength, it behoves them to use it with temperance certainly, but with firmness also. Au thority, as well as other things, can make herself wings and flee away. She remains longest with those who best know how to use her. At present she is with the liberal side of the world ; and it would seem that by the use of a firm tone, the aggressions and intrigues of the opposite party may be checked, anti war most effectually averted by looking it steadily in the face. " The late rapid successes in Portugal have uncovered the skirts of certain intrigues of the Holy Alliance, which would fain have upheld Don Miguel, the child of its dotage, but which, happily thwarted there, now seek, while they prolong the agony of that distracted country, to prepare a bitter cup for her neighbour, Spain. Respect silences the indignation we might express at finding British names of honour mixed up with the dirty correspondence which has been exposed to the derision of the public. We will therefore pass it over, and leave to those con terned the humiliating task of reconciling their votes and speeches in Parliament with their practices in secret. " The prompt recognition of Donna Maria has been a wise and just measure, which may s-ave Spain from the gulf that yawns beneath her. But more yet remains to he done : it is essential that the tone and interference of Russia should be abated ; she is the head and front of the absolute Fitly, arid with her it becomes us therefore to deal. Now is the time, when Italy, Germany, and Poland ar i e sh in t a o st o a o te ntine which ,i counsel, to oruletn-d prudence to those who would w l o w f h t e h r e e a i s t e en h d as nbceyenof aultoilisteraelpeoamlnic. yerh L eed e . Let,ht,oitehteeidiintthhee pro Turkey, signa tecting int ervent i on of Russia be withdrawn from the shores o f th e B osp h orus as verilyin deed as " * The brother of General Montresor, the commanding officer, wasting f rom the officer, with whom Mr. Slade res id e d , effects of an Adrianople fever, and the only relief which could be obtained for him consisted in his visiter taking notes of the symptoms of the disease, in order to submit them to the surgeon of the Blonde at Pera. (Vol. ii o P. ear in word. Let her not be permitted to forestall the rest of Europe, and to make a province of Turkey by the specious wording of a treaty ; but let the advantages of commerce and of navigation, which she would appropriate to herself, he thrown open to the world at large ; and let the liberal reforms which the Sultan Afahmond has commenced, find agents more fit to carry them into effect than the Emperor Nicholas. " But if Russia be obstinately proud, and resolve to make a stand at Constantinople, then a vigorous applica tion of force may prevent a prolonged and general war. We have already pointed out the methods by which she and her Turkish ally may he coerced, and we have small doubt that the damming up the Baltic and the Black Sea with our fleets, the destruction of her navy, and the anni hilation of her commerce, which would be the easy and not expensive result of one campaign, would bring her to reason ; and the more so, as the first shot fired in the contest would signalize the restoration of the kingdom of Poland. " These are harsh courses, to which, as we have before said, we have no wish that Russia should compel us to resort. We prefer seeing Turkey, and Egypt, and Greece march peaceably. and side by side, on the road to social amendment."— Times. . The speech of Mr. Macaulay, at the Leeds dinner, did not disappoint the public expecta tion ; and as his reputation as a speaker is very high, that is saying a great deal. There is a great deal of truth in what he said in the out set, when he endeavoured to account for the dissatisfaction which followed the Reform Bill. It is truly, as he says, of the very nature of high excitement that it should be followed by re-action. The expectations of the public had been wrought up to a very high pitch by the Reform Bill ; and forgetting that long continued misgovernment had left us overwhelmed with debt, that there is no secret by which heavy taxes can be deprived of their oppressiveness ; though Ministers made many reductions, and took off many taxes, yet disappointment was felt that the demands of the tax-gatherer were still high. "It was utterly impossible," said Mr. Macaulay, " that we could in one Par liament do away with all the evils that a hundred years of misgovernment had pro duced—it was utterly impossible at once to restore the interests of this great coun try from distress to a sound and healthful state—it was necessary to proceed by degrees. Parliament met, and we had to deal with expec tations which no Minister, not gifted with su pernatural power, who did give to the people quails, and drink, and manna, without any exer tion on their part, could by any possibility sa tisfy." These friendly communications between public men and the people are of the most be neficial tendency, and that they have already been productive of good is, we think, discernible in the state of public opinion. The people have been taught to estimate more correctly the la bours of Ministers in the first session of a re formed Parliament. Their attention has been called to the difficulties with which Ministers have to contend in the House of Peers, which is a part of the constitution of the country. It has been shown that Ministers, though they might not have satisfied unreasonable expecta tions, actually did as much as under the circum stances they could do. They did not propose the Reform Bill to plunge the country into re volutionary violence, but to prevent such vio lence ; and they who expected from them that they should use the power obtained under the Reform Bill as a means of at once effecting violent changes, must have bestowed little attention on the language held by them from their very first entrance on office. In truth, as has been well stated, it depends very much on the constituencies them selves to make the Reform Bill productive of good. A striking instance of this was 'iven at this meeting in the existing restrictions on trade, and more especially the state of the corn laws. Mr. Macaulay thought that Ministers !night oL tain a majority in favour of an alteration of the corn laws of about 250 to 230 in the House of Commons, but that they would be left in a mi 77 nority in the House of Lords. Lord Morpeth and Mr. Marshall thought that even in the House of Commons Ministers would be beat. What is the remedy ? To enlighten the public mind to the great truth that trade is essentially barter—that a nation cannot export without im porting—and that a large and increasing popu lation, on a limited soil, by refusing to receive the produce of other countries in return for the products of its industry, is lowering profits, and tempting capitalists to invest their money in countries where theycan hope for a better return. The question must be seriously taken up, and as the argument is all in favour of free trade, we mayhope that in time reason will prevail. We have now a population of 24,000,000 in the United Kingdom, our numbers are continually increasing, but the productiveness of the soil cannot be increased in the same ratio. Of what avail, then, is the extension of our industry, if by means of agricultural monopoly, the share of the most important of all products, the fruits of the earth, is continually diminishing ? Let these great truths be impressed on the people, and let the landlords be fairly driven into a corner, and they must at last yield. Long before the in crease of pauperism and crime can bring their error home to them in a manner too palpable to be mistaken, let us hope that they will see the error of their ways. At present, however, the landlords are evidently our masters in Par liament. Buy though the Reform Bill has not wrought miracles, we cannot too much overrate the benefit we have derived from its having enabled the people to place a limit to the impo sition of further burdens. By an economical expenditure of the revenue—by gradually re ducing taxes ; we may hope ere long to destroy the oligarchy root and branch. «e have it in our power to confine the aristocracy to their own properties, and every year will enable us to meet them on better terms.—Morning Chronicle. It is some time since we called the public attention to the intrigues of our " ally," Prussia, to form a confederacy among the German States for the exclusion of British manufactures from every part of Germany over which the influence of that Power extends. It is for this " friendly" purpose that the Prusso-Hessian Commercial Union has been formed, to which several of the petty States have already given in their adhesion. The foundation of this Union is plausible—it is that of " free trade" between Prussia and the Germanic States that join the combination. But it is not the sort of free trade which our English Doctrinaires have established to a certain extent between this country and her continental rivals, in which the advantages are all on one side. The " free trade" of the Com mercial Union is on the basis of reciprocity between all the countries concerned in it—and on that of high duties, if not of prohibition, with regard to external States. There is to be a mutual abolition of transit duties between a ll the contracting Powers. Now, as England us e ed th manufactures in which P russ i a h as b ecome her successful rival, the blow is chiefly struck at England, whose statesmen have slept over the machinations which have long been going on in Germany against British com- merce, though our representatives at foreign Courts are more highly paid than those of any other nation, to watch over and protect those interests. Thus did our Ministers connive at the destruction of Poland to gratify Russia. Thus did they also tolerate those proceedings of her active and crafty politicians which have made Turkey a servile dependency to the throne of the Autocrat. This abandonment of our com mercial interests, our trade in the Levant will one day sorely feel ; but then, to compensate the nation for the surrender of such important interests, the Whig Ministers bestow on it all the " glory" which it can derive from those volumnious and immortal compositions of Lord Palmerston, which are known by the name of " protocols," and which, independently of their literary merits, have had the surprising effect of keeping the Belgico-Dutch question in a pro gress of " speedy and final settlement" for the last three years. But really England might as well be without a Foreign Minister for any vigi lance or ability that is displayed in the protection of her political or commercial interests in any of the nations of Europe. We assisted France in her aggression upon Holland, which obtained a little popularity for Louis Philip and his Doc trinaire Cabinet, at a critical moment. But French courtiers wheedle our Poulett Thomsons when they talk of reciprocity with England. They give our philosophers of free trade abun dance of smiles and soft words, but they stop there.—Morning Herald. It is pretty generally understood that the difficulties which for a time obstructed the ap pointment of Mr. Ellice to the office of Secre tary at War arose from the desire of Mr. Ellice to have a seat in the Cabinet, and the reluct ance of some of his friends to sit there by his side. The obstinacy of Lord Lansdowne and Mr. Stanley was for the time unconquerable, and Mr. Ellice, foiled in his attempt to force himself into the Cabinet, was contented for a while with being viceroy over those who excluded him. The design, however, has never been abandoned ; and at this moment, while the crisis of the struggle between the good and the evil principle in Lord Grey's Administration is evidently approaching, we are assured that the project is revived with all the enthusiasm of anticipated success. The qualifications of Mr. Edward Ellice for a Cabinet office in the Reform Ministry are many and various. He is so thoroughly English in his tastes and sentiments that, when he was appointed to the office which he now most worthily holds, he was actually preparing to bid us farewell, and to transfer his powerful abilities and proverbially polished manners to the other side of the Atlantic. He so warmly sympathises in the views and opinions of the Ministers, whose colleague he desires to become, that more than once during the late Session of Parliament he has enter tained them by heading, with his friend Lord Duncannon, an active opposition to their mea sures. That he is a man of irreproachable integrity none doubt who have read Mr. Cobbett's admirable history of the " Greek Pic." That he is a man of the most ingenuous modesty all know who have observed how much he is pained by any allusion to a trans action in which he played so conspicuous a part. He is not incapacitated from going, as Lord Durham says, " along with the people" by any antiquated predilection for a Crown, or any bigotted veneration for a Church. What ; more can be said in his praise ? He is brother in-law to Earl Grey. How will it end ? We know not. But we are very sorry for the Premier. Urged on the one hand and re strained on the other, sco'ded by Lord Durham and ridiculed by Lord Brougham, now re proached by a sulky Gentleman and now coaxed by a fascinating Lady, he finds in the whole intrigue a sore trial for what the Times wittily calls his " well-known delicacy and honour r%—Morning Post. " A member of the Carpenters' Union " is egregiously mistaken, if he dream for a moment that we had either no intention of inserting his letter, or that we dreaded to insert it lest it should be deemed an overthrow of the opinions which we have expressed. Still less have he and his brethren the slightest ground to ima gine that we would, in the face of right and justice, advocate an oppressive claim on the part of the master to the injury of the workman. Our individual opinions are apparently well known to our correspondent, and our columns bear still inure evident testimony that in good as well as in bad report—when the tide was with them, as well as when it was against them—we have always taken pleasure in doing justice to the working classes. But it is no portion of our duty to lead either them or any other, into pal pable errors. We would help them to good —we would endeavour to aid them to better their condition ; but we will be no party to the fostering of overweening prejudice and unjust pretension. The right of the working classes to combine for the pur , pose of procuring an augmentation of their wages, when they appear to diem to be below the scale of just remuneration, is a right, so far consecrated by the law, as that there exists no law in condemnation of it—the same right is equally conceded to the masters; and we ap prove of it in both instances, as the only safe guard of individual liberty, as well as the only means by which the rights of both parties can be fairly adjusted. But it is one thing to enjoy a right—it is another to abuse it. Workmen may combine without just cause for the purpose of procuring an increase of wages which the state of trade, and the amount of profits, will not allow—and masters, in a similar manner, are not exempt from the frailty of endeavouring to cut down the rate of wages, not only below what the wants of the workmen demand, as the means of decent subsistence, but even below what the fair average of their profits would fre quently allow. There are innumerable instances of both cases on record ; and in proof of the act we beg to refer our correspondent to the almost invariable compromises which have been the results of combinations both on the one side and on the other. In almost all cases, both parties have been, more or less, in the wrong. The one has demanded too much, the other has been unwilling to concede what justice demanded at his hands. The one has lost the wages which he would have earned, had he been empl o y e d, the ) other h in fact, h ave b een i n j ure d , an d from reason than fr o m o b st i nac y i n t h e r, aill. oßoth,tt h eprofits on the emp l oyment o f hi s ealitother one case, and pride in the other, preventing that mutual good understanding which a candid e xplanation would have insured. Now, why should those things be ? What interest, beyond a temporary and unworthy interest, can the working man have in destroying the capital of his employer, or, in other words, of in ducing him to give for a brief period of time such a rate of wages as must speedily s end him to the Gazette, and incapacitate him to give further employment ? And, on the other hand, is it not the interest of the master to employ as many persons as his capital will enable him to give work to, while the rate of profit affords sufficient remuneration ? Why, then, we again ask, should there be disagree ments and combinations ? Might not all dif ferences be settled without a reference to such arbitrary proceedings ? Why not have commit tees on both sides to examine at once the merits of any difference of opinion, and to report thereon to their constituents ? Would not this be a better mode of adjusting any contrariety of opinion than that of a reference to what we cannot but term a state of civil war between the parties ? As to intimidation on eilier side, it is not to be borne for a moment. We set our faces against it at once, as not only an infringe ment of individual liberty, but detrimental to the country, and at variance both with the spirit of its institutions and the maintenance of good government.—Morning Advertiser. COURT OF KING'S BENCH, Nov. 11. AIEYER V. JADIS. The SOLICITOR-GENERAL showed cause against a rule obtained by Sir J. Scarlett for a new trial in this case. It was an action on a bill of exchange which arose out of the sale of pictures sold to the late Lord Foley by a person named Cox. The Jury at the trial found a verdict for the plaintiff. The motion for a new trial was founded on an al leged misdirection on the part of the Learned Judge who tried the cause.—Rule absolute. LOCKE D. WILLOUGHBY. The plaintiff brought his action to recover a com pensation for services performed in the service of the defendant, an architect. The Jury found a verdict for 26/. Sir J. SCARLETT moved to set the verdict aside on the ground that the plaintiff had agreed to refer his claim to arbitration, the result of which had stopped his right to an action. • Mr. F. POLLOCK contended that the above award was irregular. It was not a decision which did away the right of action. The COURT held that the verdict ought to stand. The defendant having paid 101. into Court, the verdict was taken for 161. 12s. DOYLE V. DOUGLAS. This was an action on a policy of insurance on the ship Triton, from London to the Brazils. The policy was for 2,0001. The ship, on the 11th of October, 1828, met with an accident on the coast of South America, between Buenos Ayres and Rio de Janeiro, and sunk, but was only partially im mersed in the sea. The wind was blowing hard at the time from the south-west, and the Captain find ing he bad no means of raising the vessel, sold her for 301. It was not expected that human means could succeed in getting her up, but after she was abandoned, her purchasers, favoured by extraordinary calm weather, contrived to get her into Rio. The owners brought the present action, and the Jury found a verdict fur a total loss. Mr. F. POLLOCK on a former day moved for a new trial, on the ground that it was only an average loss, because the underwriters had a right to expect the Captain to do that which the purchasers did. Sir J. SCARLETT showed cause this day against the rule, and contended that the ship was so da maged that she could not be repaired; therefore the Captain abandoned her, and to the plaintiff she was a total loss. Mr. POLLOCK, in support of his rule, said the policy on the ship was about to expire when the accident happened, and it did expire on the day the sale took place. The ship was worth 3,0001., and was it likely the Captain would sell her for 301. without an effort to save her, unless he had some strong inducement ? Mr. MACTLE, on the same side, also contended that this was one of the cases in which an attempt was made to make an average or partial loss a total loss. The LORD CHIEF JUSTICE said there was no ground for a new trial, and the rule must be dis charged. The other Learned Judges concurred, and the rule was discharged. COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, Nov. 11. COFFIN v. MORRIS. This was an action against the defendant for the maintenance and support of his wife by the plaintiff, who obtained a verdict. The defendant was taken in execution for the damages and costs, but he sub sequently compromised the action for 54/. with the conducting clerk, a person of the name of Bowiield, and an attorney of the name of Mahony. The discharge was signed by the plaintiff's attorney, a Mr. Franklin. On a former day the plaintiff applied to the Court for a rule calling on Mr. Franklin, his attorney, to show cause why he should not pay the amount of the damages and costs. Mr. Sergeant JONES to-day showed cause against the rule, and, after reading numerous affidavits, it appeared that Mahony, who is since dead, brought the action in Mr. Franklin's name, and he prevailed on Bowfield, his clerk, to be a party to the compro mise. Mahony received the 541., not one shilling of which came to the hands of Mr. Franklin. Mr. Sergeant WILDE supported the rule. The COURT were of opinion that Mr. Franklin, after deducting his own costs, should pay over the balance to the plaintiff, as well as the costs of the application. ARCHES COURT, Nov. 11. KILPIN V. KILPIN. This was a suit commenced by Mrs. Anne Kilpin against her husband for a divorce, on the ground of cruelty and adultery. The parties were married clandestinely in March, 1824, both being minors at the time. The wife alleged that her husband had committed adultery, soon after marriage, with a fe male named Clewer, and afterwards with Mary Wilson, Anne Allen, Mary Duffil, Harriet Williams, arid finally, in 1829, he eloped with his wife's sister from Worcester to the Continent. The husband, in reply, alleged that his wife had had an illicit inter course with a medical student at 'Worcester, who had noted down each interview in a pocket-book, and also with a Mr. Workman, and that she had been guilty of various gross acts, which Sir J. Nicholl would not allow to be detailed in open Court. --The arguments in the case were not concluded. TALE RING.—On Friday se'nnight, at Aldhorough, a verdict of " wilful murder" was re turned against -- Hackney, the principal, and the two seconds, for the death of G. Brown, killed in a pugilistic contest. On Saturday last, at Ely, a verdict of " man. slaughter" was returned against William Arongier, of Littleport, for the death of -- Bennet, of Downham, !idled in a like brutal affair. ADJOURNED INQUEST AT BEDFONT.-.-On Saturday the inquest: on the body of Thomas Monks, the King's waterman, was resumed at the Duke's Head, E ,s• Bedfont. Mr. Huntley, the surgeon, of Staines, said that he and Mr. 'frogley had made a post mortem examina tion of the deceased, an .I they had ascertained that the injuries received were not of the extent at first supposed ; the wound up the nose had not penetrated the brain ; and the deceased had most probably died of weakness, the effect of old age, and of excitement caused by drink. The wound on the nose had perhaps been the effect of a fal. and the injury in the interior had every appearance of having been caused by some person forcing sotnething up the use after death. Mr. 'f rogley, surgeon, of Houns low, corroborated this evidence. There was no evidence how the wound up the nose had originated, nor was there any account of the deceased after be bad left the omnibus, at ten o'clock. Under these circumstances the Jury re turned the ft Mowing verdict:—" That the deceased per son, Thomas Monk, was found dead in a water course by the side of the road near Bedfont, with a wound below the nose ; but by what means he came there, or how the wound was inflicted, no satisfactory evidence has been adduced to the Jury." LONDON MARKETS. PRICE 01 BREAD. ts• The highest price of Bread in the Metropolis is 9/.. , d , be 41b. Loaf. There are others who sell from yid. to 1 2g that price. PRICE OF SEEDS.—Nov. 11. 6.4. fine 80, 511. New English Red Clover Seed (per Cwt.) —s. 60s. ... e . Old Ditto Ditto ................ __,. 50,,, fi n e .....5. ..-1 , Sew Foreign Ditto. _ „ _...8. ..—.5 fine ......1, ...4, Old Ditto e6 9 ' s. New White Clover .... 70s. 665. fin ..„,, Old Ditto Ditto-- —s. --s. fin e ga b New Trefoil , i' 31d Ditto ,.....„„ —s, —s. fine "I . ..- 8 . Rib Grass --....—„ fine' . E6O• „„, fine ,„, English Carraway Seed— ___—. —s. —B. '°,l-,' • fine °'''''," Foreign Ditto ...........------.............---_-_.__. ....19. ...-9. 7,3 ' . ..4. W" . Voriander --,. --- —s. 145. fine , s. 50 0, St. Foin .(per Quarter).,............. 41s. 465. n fi e n s - y e q . Ps. 4 o4 4° : Rye Grass Pacey Ditto . —s. —s. ne ....S. , Linseed, for feeding —s. 50s. fin' 6ne ~-",); Ditto, for crushing.. —... 465. 503. - - e• fine new. !'Otto Seed, New ..- s. —s. &Ss fine''' . !•itto Old _... --s. --S. -a * fine " 4 ,' White Mustard Seed—(per 8u5he1).......... —s. 12s. PO' finc nt '",., Brown I)itto - s. 16s. IS , ' oie, s , 18 4 . -I Turnip Seeds, Bounds ........ .—s. --s. „1 - . • t ine 0 , Green and Red Ditto• fares, Old - Os. 6d. fin e o` Ditto New 4s. 6d. finei, v . Rare Seed, English, line (per Last) 241. 261.....,, Foreign FRICES OP HOPS.—Nov. 11. 7 1, i'' New K , nt Pockets (per cwt.) ..5/ ss. 61. 12s. to 9 1, P Choice _ ____ ........—.. 81. Os. 61. Os to O f ' East Kent.........- --..—.... 71. Os. 01. Os. to 01 , (0' . Choice — 9 l. 01. Os to 1 4 / 1* ', 101' New Sussex Pockets 51, Gs. Os. to Superfine Ditto Gt. Os. 01. Os. to ,„ / '!".i• Farnham Ils. 01. Os to ;V Ditto (seconds) -----10! Os. 0! Os to The Hop Duty is estimated at 155,0001. PRICE OF OIL. i 35 0 Rape Oil, brown ..................361. 65.......,....... Refined ....... /9 0 Linseed Oil ........ - ~.•., i ll , 0 Linseed Oil Cake at the Mill, per thousand ...L...v.' * F- , ape Cake, per ton - - ""'"__./ I'ItICE OF I'o FATOES.—Nov. 11. t o Os. to 31. lOs. I)t.to 41. 10s. did °. 013 0 0 ss s s t t tt 0 0 00 2 442 111 / C Os.ss.. dd d t t tit2; 0 „ Middling Marsh Champions Scotch Reds-- Chats WH ITECH A PEL HAY MARKET.—Nov. 9 • a is, o Od. to 953. Od. I Clover 823. Od. to y Straw....—* 313. Od. to 33i. Od. PRICES a Per lb. d. to d. butte, English 15 25 Ditto, 14 21 Dressing Hides 12 15 Ditto i4 17 Ditto, light Crop Hides, light 12 14 Ditto 40 to 501 b. 13 18 Ditto 14 20 LEATHER. d, tv Per lb . 14 English Horse Hides... ,6 Spanish Ditto Per dozen. 1 3 :4 Calf Skins,. 30 to 4(lb. , a Ditto 40 to 601 b. 5.; Ditto 70 to 901b...,,'," Small Seals, Greenlan d Large ditto..---.---••••• RICE OF RAW FAT, per stone of 81b. Price of Tallow (as stated by the Tallow Melters) PRICE OF TALLOW fown 'fallow 48s. Od. Yellow Russta—..—. 48s. Od. White Soap Ditto s. Od. Melted Stuff 37s. Od. Unto Hough. Oct. sy s te E lot A ll,dv p 4o sc al c „ . per ..... White.........,—.......r.e" 141.0, Graves .....,' y. Good Dregs ............'" ...........Wlb. 76:70,:,;o: PRIC OF CANDLES. The price of Store Candles, E in the retail shops, is as f o llo l 0 Candles, per doe. 7s. Od. to Bs. Oct. I Moulds, per dozell,""— 6 , KET.—Nov. 11. $. 6 er Ton. 1 1 6 Walls End n Perkins Perkins& 0 Walls End Riddell's 0"."•11 $ Walls End Walker 0 6 Bells 1 6 9 Fawcett Main 1 9 9 Lainbton's ‘2,0 6 Walls End Bra(ldyll's''' 9 9 0 Walls End Hetton g Walls End Lyons 6 Walls End Lambton 6 W. E. Russell's Hetton-" it; 6 Ditto Russell's Lyon's" , " 60 6 Walls End stewart'a. ,. 16 0 Walls End Urpeth •","' i 9 6 Walls End Adelaide ""'" 19 6 Walls End tiordon...-"' 16 6 Walls End Greentield , '• 19 0 W. E. Musgrave........ 0, 0 Walls End Tees 1° 6 Cowpen l6 Hartley 0 Howard'sNethertonM ai 1 5 6 Silkstone $ Walls End 0 Walls End Henderson'' , last market-day, 91. COAL MAR Per Ton. s. d. Adair's 16 6 Remmout--------.. 15 6 Chester Alain ---... 15 0 Dean's Primrose 15 6 East Percy— 16 0 Graham's Main -----... 16 0 11,1ywell 16 9 Ord's Redhugh —.—..--.. 15 6 15 0 Pontop Windsor.--.--. 16 0 15 9 lan tieki W M.,. ..~0.•••••• ...WO 18 0 Townley --- l5 6 West Hartley . 16 6 Willington 18 0 Wylam Walls End Bell & Brown 19 9 %V E. Bell, Robson, & Co. 18 0 Walls End Bewicke & Co. 19 9 W.E. Clarke and Co.-- 16 9 Walls End Hilda 17 9 Walk End Hotspur.. l7 0 Walls End Killingworth 18 0 Walls End Newniarch...,. 17 6 Ditto Northumberland . 17 3 Ships arrived since GUILDFORD IIARKET.—Nov.9.: on Wheat (Per Load) lO/. to 161. Oats (Per Qr.) ......... 70 , Old 14 16 Beans 37 • Barley (Per Qr.) 28s. 345. Pease MEETINGS OF CREDITORS ~f , AT THE COURT, BASINGHALL-STRUT' ' (From the London Gazette.) 14 4 0 , TO-MORROW, Nov. 13. 11' 1 j 1 S. Kent, victualler, Russell-court, Drury lane II E. Bell, dealer in carriages, Park-street, Dorset-square, , K. L. Andrew, market-gardener, South Lambeth DIVIDEND. .o t, J. Vise, stationer, Crawford-street, Bryanston-square ...... - - -- - More rain, is supposed to have fallen li ; Thursday than on any other day within the present Vor from 11 o'clock in the forenoon till nearly the entn e .A or at night it was incessant, flooding the roads in places to an alarming degree. jQp The season at Aberystwyth is now dra oe r to a close, having been prosperous beyond any. 6/roof year; and it is most apparent this delightful watering:op is rapidly and deservedly advancing in public 61 c iO' Amongst the departures were the Duke of Newcastle 8110010 only, for I - Lifotl, where they purpose remaining for i' s itr I,rtnight. Several distingui•hed persons are still I V ing ; aiming them, Sir Robert and Lady Price, ° f .c,lel' ley; E. T. Foley, Esq., and Lady Emily ; and many are going to stop over the w in ° h Cambrian. BIRTHS. „ On the sth inst., at Pope's Cottage, Kennington_g ree " , Geesin, late of the Theatre Royal, Drury-lane, of a son. At Rotherfield Park, Hants, the lady of J. W. Scot t ' M.P., of a son. I°' On the 10th inst., in Woburn.place, the lady of F. gers, Esq., of a daughter. On the 7th inst., at Norwood, Mrs. Frederick TeroP le ' daughter. On the 11th inst., in Lower Thames-street, Charlotte the wife of John Von der Heyde, of a son, her ninth chil d L o l/ 1 " On the 7th inst., Mrs. James Woods, of High-street, 7' wark, of a son. e At Connor Glebe, Ballymena, Antrim, the lady o f tb- Richard Jones Hobson, of a daughter. v rt On the 26th ult., the lady of Thomas Wilson, Esq, of York, of a son. Cf ti( On the 411 s inst., the lady of Mr. William Roberto ched-friars, of a son. MARRIED. Je h p On the 4th inst., at St. Martin's Church, Birminghso3,9o. Bird, Esq., of Birmingham and Dinas-y-Mowddv 4, Wales, to Caroline Elizabeth, second daughter of John "' worth, Esq., of the former place. On the 9th inst., by special license, at the Church Pancras, John Morgan, Esq., formerly of Singapore , .lief East Indies, now of Wharton-street, Lower Penton v ' te pe Elizabeth, youngest daughter of John Baker, Esq., of C' gar, Herefordshire. On the 9th inst., at Rotherhithe, George Browne, AV that place, to Harriet Perry, of the Circus, MinorieS. on the same day and place, Edward Austin, Esq., ' lj i ,go Rotherhithe, to Louisa, youngest daughter of the above O, George Browne, Esq. ( On the 31st ult., at Derby, John Greaves, Esq., on of B. Greaves, Esq., of Elmshall, Yorkshire, to L0t 103 ,/0" daughter of the late Thomas Leacroft, Esq , of CIO Derbyshire. ~, 1 41 On the 6th inst., at Sunderland, Mr. Ralph Bud le Catherine Grieve. .00 , ,( On the 31st ult., at Stainton, in Cleveland, Mr. house, of Witham Hall, Durham, to Elizabeth, eldest d 3 of Robert Mewburn, Esq., of Ingleby Hall. 110'6 On the 31st ult., at Watermillock, Ulswater , the g V. Elliott, M.A., Trinity College, Cambridge, to Jub3/atrl,,, daughter of John Marshall, Esq., of Halsteads, Cumb er On the 9th inst., at St. Pancras Church, Samuel Naig;;!tcr of Maidenhead, Berks, to Charlotte, only daughter of re , Burnell, Esq., of Upper Woburn-place, Tavisto ck-Se DIED. Det On the 6th inst., at his residence, Guilford Lasvn , Edward Norwood, Esq. e l tt On the 9th inst., at Westerham, Kent, aged 81, 00 , d r. Collett, relict of the late Robert Collett , Esq. , Cheal° re„ On the 23d ult., at Eaton-grove, Norwich, CaPt"feit Barwick, R.N., in his 69th year; he was one of the i•o of maining companions of his present Majesty in th e g l°r tory On of Camperdown. the 9th is t., at Champoin-hill, Camberwell, - Barra ud, Esq., of his Majesty's Customs, aged 50. . n eo r On the 11th inst., at Clapham - co mmon, a g ed 74, "41 relict of the late Captain Hudson. On the 17th ult., at Lucan, in the county of Do-, 0 64, Captain William Blair , late of the 2d Re g ime° • Guards. si/ On the 7th inst,, at Wallingford, Mr. John Sheen', .„ d On the 9th inst., at Potter's Bar, near Barnet, cher, in her 74th year. .10 ' On the sth inst. , at Hast ings , aged A'S sto , _ lo o el Gribble, daughter of Thomas Gribble, jun., Esq., 01 .4 ,C e On the 28th ult., at Purfleet, Swann, son of Lie u , ( eP" Hill, late of the Royal Scots, aged D. 0 0 , Lin the 9th inst., at his house, Radcliffe.terrac.', 0' road, Thomas Shackleton, Esq., in the 81 st y ear of Poty. On the Bth inst., at Paington, Devon, Win. FI BI.I- t On Esq., St cretary of the Royal Hopital, Greenwieb*. o oot On the Bth inst., at Harrold, Bedfordshire , the the Rev. Montague J. Taylor, h f •••••••••••=...1 rRINTIia , PUBLIeIIED BY MUR D O YO' Sum 0712216 112, &Immo/. ttlt Of Loi Itte loi tiAi Ilk kit 1 Ito th e \