The Sun. — London, England, 1863-11-05 00:00:00

Lord Malmesbury on Polish Affairs, At the annual meet in g of the South Avon Agri cultural Society, on Tuesday evening, at Christ church, the Earl of Malmesbury presided. In pro e;osin e. the o Army and Navy," his Lordship said ; In drinking to the great success of the army and navy, and to a continuation of those honours which they have always earned and still continue to earn, we cannot bat congratulate ourselves that we are not at this moment in need of their active services. Although I feel it is my duty to support these two institutions, upon which the safety and honour of our country rest, yet I am glad to say that there is no need at the present time of their active services. We have at this time, I hope, good promise of peace, as far as we are concerned, although other nations are now engaged in war. Not long ago considerable comprehension, and I think a very reasonable appre hension, existed that we should engage in warfare on account of Poland. I cannot say, gentlemen, how much personally I deprecated auy such war. I have deprecatedpublicly in my place in Parliament any course of action that might have the effect of involving Us in a war on behalf of that nation, and I would de precate it again in the strongest and most earnest phrases. (Hear.) It is not, gentlemen, that Ido not feel as every Englishman must feel for the sufferings endured by that country. It is not that I do not contemplate with regret the tyranny under which they are bound—(hear, hear) —but with all these feelings, which are the feelings naturally of every Englishman, I cannot forget there is a duty paramount to these sentiments —a duty which we owe to our country. (Cheers.) I consider it to be a general principle that our army and navy should be only employed in our own defence, not in any aggressive action whatever, except in the case of a war, where there is absolute necessity for acting in self-defence. We are doubtless, as regards this question, placed in an awkward position. There have been men in high station, of very generous sent i ments , and g ifted with stirring powers of eloquence,: w h o , driven on by the most generous feelings, have inflamed the public mind with regard to Poland. So much has this been the case that I am afraid a very bitter misapprehension has taken place among the Poles themselves, who may have looked forward to active and material interference on the part of this country. It may also have been a groat disappointment to oar ally the Emperor of the French, who judging from the language of this country, thought we would go hand and hand with him in an European war. Now, these illusions have disappeared. To me they have always been illusions, but not so to a great portion of the public ; and it has disappointed the Poles themselves, who have been encouraged in what I feel to be a hope less struggle. I feel that the sentiments of this country are so decidedly in favour of peace that there are no reasons why we should enter into a bloody and expensive war under the present circumstances of the Polish insurrection. I have felt it rather to be the duty of all public men to discourage rather than encourage those illusions of which I have spoken. This has occurred to me more forcibly during the last two or three years. Men of high honour, men devoted to their country, have, under the influence of a generous enthusiasm, called upon me and always pressed upon me to advocate their cause in Parlia ment, and speak in favour of Polish liberty, and the emancipation of the Poles from Russian domina tion. I know I have been thought by them cold, and perhaps unfeeling, from the manner in which I have received them, from my having always de clined making any such speeches, and from in flaming the mind either of Parliament or of the public by complying with their desires. I thought it was a paramount duty that they should not be deceived, that they should not think and judge from the words which I or any other public man might utter in Parliament that this country would go to the extent of actively interfering, or would go to war with the Russians, or call upon any other na tion to assist us in emancipating Poland. I think in so doing I did my duty. (Hear, hear.) I know those who made speeches and inflamed the public mind, as I have saidbefore, are men who have acted and felt generously; bat they thought, holding no position of responsibility, they might say what they liked and do what they liked, and to them must be attributed the false position in which we have stood with respect to the Emperor of the French and also the Poles themselves, both of whom have been de ceived by the sentiments of this country—l do not mean the sentiments of a body, and a generous body, who, sympathising with the sufferings of the Poles, have sought to involve this country in a war in their cause. I believe all danger of such a war is past, and our army and navy, well drilled and ma eceavred every day, may continue to wear their swords in their scabbards, and wait for the time— and long hence may that time be—when this coun try shall require their services. (Applause.) In re ferring to the volunteer movement his lordship said, —But really, feeling what I have said upon the army and navy, it is impossible to exaggerate the importance of the volunteer movement. The effect which it has produced abroad is even greater than upon our own minds, and proves that those who see from a distance see more clearly than ourselves, and better appreciate the consideration and value which such a movement must have in the eyes of Europe. It has rather increased than decreased, notwith standing the netural idea that after a time many have got tired of it, or are too much confined by /4 Hess, and find too much to do to follow it up. this appears that the average number of volunters in s "Thl'ty is much the same as it was two years t a h g e o. re ( a l ,3 l. : l 7.l Gentlemen, you know perfectly well 4 had for quitting the corps. I should never h ee , quitted it u nle s s I f e lt it impossible to do my d uty "do are placed. / r the new system under which you felt it impossible to fulfil my duties at Suuthampt„ , the bad exanspi, aria I would not show as captain non-attendance. .men of making,. excuses for into the hands a a felt it better to put that office occupied with othele°'ll"g man whose time is not under him the corp s w i blic business. lam sure Prosper, and that you will support it to the best of th a t it pointed out to sse 7° , l l 3 l r Power. In any way whether in the way of su b l e es oial to that corps, offerin tipti o finding substitutes, i n es—(cheers)—in per k or any where on my „tat:nisusements, in my as pnloYiltilstahtaelltrailawndaYs glad to see the corps again and also in a public always be comradea, that Christchurch produces a corp e a l view, seein g . other in the country. (Cheers.) good KB any --- _ Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by chasing Horniman's pure 'l'ea ; very choice at 3 , Pur "at 4s 4d. (formerly 4 8 ' cl. and 4s. 4, High Standard . I. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents is every town supply it in vacketA. PROPOSED HARBOUR IN VIE DOWNS.—A sp te i s i meeting of the promoters of this undertaking witsheid in the Guildhall, Deal, on Thursday, the Mayor (Mr. Iv, I'. Pettit), in the chair. Mr. Alfred Giles, C.E., attended and explained the plan of the proposed works. A. basin of 30 acres in extent is to be constructed on the waste ground near Sandown Castle, to be connected with Sandwich by a canal 100 ft. wide, through which the water of the river Stour can be diverted when necessary, to flash out the en trance to the basin. The estimated cost of the works is £209,000. Mr. Giles explained that there will be an outer harbour, always open, which will have 10ft. of water at the lowest spring tides, and the entrance to which will be pro tected with two arms or piers. The works will not inter feewith the drainage of the marshes, and the waters of Stour will be so seldom required for flushing the basin th at the river above and below Sandwich will not be injuriously affected, R.Mars h , On the motion of Captain Betts, seconded by Mr. were adopted M a yor of Sandwich, the plans and estimates nPxt sessio n for and it was resolved to apply to Parliament bring to coustruct the works. Joint com mittees of the promoters in Deal and Sandwich have been appoint e d to gt t he matter before the public, and it is expected the by the capit proi3e alists of the district, be liberally supp or ted, not merely b i diatrict, but by the shipowners and underwriters in th e metr a o p o l i s . The proposed harbour and docks will supply want long experienced —a safe refuge into and out of which vesaei a of a mo d era t e d raug ht can pass at all times of the tide, in any weather, and be sheltered from the prevailing winds. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—Rouow , a Ointment and Pills.-- .-2rhoni, dysentery, and Mere Precious than Gold cholera are, through the summer's heat, carrying off the young as the winter's cold dear:ls,lZ" cannot be re tained,medicines the greatest relief will immediately result from ttlole abdomen. ensure the rubbing Holloway's soothing ointment over So This oint ment friction should be frequent and brisk, d whe o r t e he f s the penetration of a large portion of the unguent. calms the excited peristaltic action, and pain. Both vomiting and griping yield to it or vegetables have originated the malady, it is prope r to te remove all undigested matter from the bowels by mo derate dose of liolloway's pills before using the °it meat, RAILWAY STATISTICS. ACCIDENTS. "Fearful Railway Accident," "Loss of Li on a Rail way," " List of Killed and Wounded," " T .trible DiS9S ter"—such are the headings of some of the sensation jour nals, which one would almost suppose th?y kt pt in stereo type, so often are they repeated. In the ab 3 zce of horrible murders and terrific battles in America, nothing seems so popular with the sensation class of publications as an acci dent upon a railway. Every trifling incident of this sort is magnified into something calculated to horrify the weak and nervous, and to create an impression amongst some who knew no better that railway travelling is attended with manifold dangers. Fortunately, the official tables of the Board of Trade enable us to gauge the extent of accidents upon railways. These official statistics demonstrate that it is not more dan gerous to travel by railway than to sit by a fireside at home, and far less so than to walk the streets. The number of passengers by railway in 1862 was 180,500,000. Of these 180,500,000 passengers, exactly 26 lost their lives ; and of these 15 were killed by the extraordinary collision which occurred in a tunnel near Wincwhbeeua tworg,on ttrhaiensEdin b urg h and Glasgow Railway, bet com ing from opposite directions ; an accident, we be lieve, which never occurred before, and which, it is to be hoped, will never occur again. Deducting this accident, extraordinary in all its circumstances, it would result that only 11 passengers met their deaths from railway accidents in 1862; but even taking the numbers as they stand at 26. we have a result of less than one passen ger in 7,000,000 who meets his death in travelling on a rail way from causes beyond his own control. What life in surance company would not be glad to take at a very low figure a risk which had such a result as the loss of one life i n every 7,000,000 of lives? Out of every 7,000,000 of persona sitting at home by their firesides, what is the loss of life by crinoline accidents, fire, explosions of gas, or other combustibles? Out of every 7,000,003 who walk or drive, how many meet with accidents in the thoroughfares or roads ? The singular freedom from accidents with which passen ger traffic on railways is conducted is shown by a compari son between the number of passengers killed, and the num ber of accidents to trains. In 1862, whilst the number of passengers killed was 26, the number of accidents to pas senger trains was 52. The total number of passenger trains run was 2,553,993, so that the number of accidents to trains is in the proportion of an accident to one train in 50,000. In addition to the 26 passengers killed by accidents, 9 men their deaths on railways from their own misconduct, or want of caution. These deaths were mostly attributable to attempts to get into or out of a train whilst in motion— a practise which cannot be too severely reprobated, and by which many officers and servants of the railway companies suffer as well as incautious travellers. This brings up the gross total of passengers killed on all the railways of Great Britain in 1862, to the number of 35. Unfortunately there is a class of accidents on railways which represents a very much larger proportion than those which occur to passengers. Whilst the accidents to pas sengers are so very small, the accidents to those em ployed upon the lines are proportionately much greater. Whilst " the number of passengers killed by accidents be yond their own control" amounted to 26, the number of "servants of companies killed by accidents beyond their own control" amounted to 20 ; and whilst " the number of passengers killed or injured owing to their misconduct or want of caution" was only 9, the number of servants of companies killed or injured from the same cause amounted to 89 killed and 25 injured. This disproportion is, of course, the more remarkable if the numbers are considered in their relative proportions to the numbers of travellers in the one case (180 millions), and the number of servants in the other (say 100,000). But then wo have to consider that they apply to different descriptions of trains. In addition to the 2,500,000 passengers' trains which run every year, there are 1,600,000 goods and mineral trains which do not carry passengers. And these trains, a large pro portion of which run by night, and which are of much greater weight than passenger trains, although they do not run at such high speeds, are, of course, equally, and in certain cases even still more liable to accidents. Goods trains, mineral trains, and cattle trains are not so well ap pointed as passenger trains; they are not expected to be driven with the same skill or by machinery of the same power; they aro frequently less carefully attended to in transit, at, stations, at facing points, and on inclines. They are obliged to "shunt" at different stations to avoid pas senger trains which are coming after them ; and from all these causes they are rarely so well able to keep time as the passenger trains, which proceed at higher speeds. These circumstances must all operate against goods trains ; but, nevertheless, the official returns do not show that they are proportionately more liable to accident than passenger trains. Of the 1,600,764 merchandise trains run in 1862, accidents only happened to 13, of which there were 7 from collision, 5 from trains getting off the rails, and 1 from the bursting of a boiler. But it is to be observed that when accidents happen to goods trains, which carry no passen gers, the injuries to life must always affect the servants of the company. Hence one of the causes of the dispro pnrtion. But the loss of life to servants of the companies owing to their own want of caution is a far more serious item of these statistics. That so considerable a number as 85 of our fellow-creatures should annually sacrifice their lives through their own carelessness in the performance of their regular daily duties causes very anxious feelings. What are the circumstances under which those poor people fall victims to their own imprudence ? On examining the offi cial records, iz will be found that these accidents occur mainly to station masters, porters, platelayers, signalmen, breaksmen, and others who incautiously cross the line, or attempt to communicate with trains in motion, or to couple or shunt waggons, between the buffers of which they are caught and crushed. A large proportion of these accidents appear, unhappily, to occur from over-zeal in the execution of duty, as in the cases of a station master at Sandy, in Bed fordshire, killed in leaving a train in motion with which he had been in communication, and of another station master on the Eastern Valleys (Monmouthshire) Railway, who fell between the train and the platform while attempting to fasten the door of a carriage. On the other hand, there are cases of imprudence on the part of experisnced men for which there would seem to be no excuse. On the North London Railway, for example, a guard lost his life last year in consequence of climbing on the roof of a carriage whilst the train was in motion and coming in contact with one c,f the bridges. Whilst these are cases in which the railway companies are to be rather commiserated than blamed, there are cases recorded in these official returns in which the accidents c:early arise from the condition of the line, and in such instances no one can have have any sympathy with the com panies to which they occur. The accidents at the Brighton Railway Station at and near to London .bridge appear, for example, to have entailed more mischief than those on almost any other line in the kingdom; this is entirely attri butable to the over-crowded condition of that station and the character of the route of the Brighton Company in and out of London. In the record relating to this company particulars are given of the series of accidents following : June s—Collision between a passenger train entering the London-bridge station and one leaving it. About 15 pas sengers injured. Aug. s—Collision at London-bridge station between a special passenger train from Crystal Palace and an engine which was shunting. 24 passengers slightly injured. Sept. 13—Slight collision between a passenger train and a luggage van in the London-bridge station. 7 passengers slightly injured. Oct. 6—Third-class passenger leaning out to fasten the door, which he had previously opened to release a lady's dress, came in contact with a bridge, which was too near the rails, between New-cross and Forest-hill, and was killed. Nov. 6—Collision. The 8 a.m. down express Brighton train overtook and ran into the 755 a.m. down South Eastern tidal train during a fog between New-cross and Forest-hill. 22 passengers and a guard injured. Why are two express trains started in a fog in the month of November within five minutes of each other from the London-bridge station ? Why are the lives of passengers en dangered, if they chance to put their heads out of the win dow of a carriage between New-cross and Forest-hill p Parliament is very responsible for these occurrences. It forced the South-Eastern and Brighton companies to enter tu n r; b u r: d t g l e . London on the same road. It allowed the latter company to lay down new lines for its Crystal Palace traffic without Properly widening its bridges , and although it was incon - TablY established that the route out of London via Lon - Tho p o t was so over-crowded as to necessitate the depar• o nlyia t s , a las within five minutes of each other, it refused most co L ve r") to allow new entrances, which would have iently distributed the Brighton traffic. Western R a n w at most of oa r r e g t :fety with which passengers are carried over senger killed lines is very remarkable. On the Great orTi.for example, there was not a single pas of passengers. 03,111'te: in 1862, out of more than 8,500,000 carried no less than il a London s and North Western, which bY collisiola lost, although there we're"'°" passengers, not ono life was Persons injured (the majority of them slightly) rtual:lshich occurred between trains at Bletchley and at lleato The London and South Western had not a single ac c ir* had more servant by death senor on the line, nor did it lose n a t o . s an y sort to any pas poor r i t n i o j injury ofy fro mBory accident, ants killo d t h iti on e g o h ns i te ci ti ear ot than its due pro of caution, which may induce apprehension t their own want trains and carried Company are not suffi ciently expene , _ ern Railw a y v .„ of the savants employed by this equally fortunate. It had no passenger killed or iCurecd. passengers ini j ured ; Blackwelllra ran 42,000 f0ur 10,000,000 passengers on its line without a single accident and The the Eastern L o a onand Counties only either to train or passenge r . On the other hand, 31 passen gers received injuries in collisions on the Great Northern; three the London, Chatham, and Dover had passeng ers ''' killed and 11 injured : the Midl and Iva. unfortunateenoughrk its rails, to have three very serious collisi ons on hiC at Market 211 a et llarborough, Hitchin, and Chester field, ill w collision at pas sengers were injured; the South Dev on had a Ivy-bridge, in which 19 were injured ; and the collisions before referred to on the Brighton line caused the death of 1 passenger and injuries to 76. Mr. George Robert Stephenson, the civil engineer, in a pamphlet privately circulated amongst railway authorities last year, attributed all the accidents whtch occur on railways to the variable speeds of trains, caused by running express trains at excessive speeds. The statistical tables certainly appear to boar out 'lr, StePhertsQu's 032c1144"3 ‘ r'ri© THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING., NOVEMBER 5, 1863 , great bulk of the accidents to trains in which passen gers are killed or injured arise from collisions, and those colli• sions are mostly between fast passenger trains and slower goods trains which are unable to get out of their way. Mr. Stephenson attributes even the accidents which happen to axles, wheels, or the machinery of engines, to the excessive strain which is put upon them at "high speeds;" and he would seem to have reason for this conclusion, for whilst such accidents occurred last year to seven passenger trains, it is remarkable that there was not one such accident to any goods or mineral train, although the latter carry much heavier weights than the former. The causes of accidents to passenger and goods trains respectively may thus be classified : Causes of To Passenger To Goods Accidents, Trains. Trains. From collisions From wrong points From getting off rails From breakage of axles, wheels. &c. From boilers bursting in regard io "persons injured" upon railways, the official returns do not enable us to distinguish between those who suffer in limb and those who merely suffer from contusion. Experience induces the belief that the great proportion of injuries are of the latter class, and that in many instances such injuries are greatly exaggerated, with a view to obtain compensation from the companies. It is right to observe, however, that there are cases in which companies expose themselves very much to this sort of accident, by reason of the character of the carriages in which they convey their passengers. In cases of ordinary collision between trains, it is generally found that by far the greatest proportion of injuries are sustained by second and third class passengers. This arises, very materially, from the nature of the carriages. The first class traveller is protected by stuffing and cushions ; whilst other passengers are ordinarily exposed to buffet with bare boards. In the case in which the largest number of injuries were sustained—that upon the Midland Railway at the Harborough station—the two ex cursion trains which came into collision were carrying passengers in a very inferior description of " open car riage." No doubt the character of rolling stock has very much to do with the character of accidents in cases of colli • sion ; and this consideration should lead railway companies to consider whether there is not a real economy in provid ing rolling stock of a superior description for every class of passenger. The subject of compensation for railway accidents opens up so many important topics as to require separate conside ration. As at present levied it is eminently unjust; but, in consequence of the small proportion of accidents, its total amount is so trifling a per centage upon railway re ceipts as to make it scarcely felt. Total Loss by Fire of the London and New York Packet Ship Amazon. A fearful disaster has befallen the splendid packet ship Amazon, nearly 2,000 tons register, which left Gravesend on Saturday last for New York, with passengers and a general cargo. When oil the North Foreland on Tuesday night she was discovered to be on fire, and, although every human effort was made by the officers, crew, and passengers to extinguish the flames, it was found to be impossible, and the master (Captain Hovey), seeing that the destruction of his ship was inevitable, announced his intention to abandon her, and the boats were at once lowered. A heavy sea was running, and the wind blowing a gale from the NW, which rendered the task rather difficult, but ultimately all the passengers and crew were safely got into the boats. The captain, however, did not leave the ship, until the flames actually compelled him to do so. By midnight the ship was completely in flames. Immediately on the fire being observed from Margate, Kingsdown, and Broadstairs, the life boats were launched and made for the burning ship to render assistance. At eight yesterday morning the ship was still burning fiercely, and was driven towards Broad stairs. A number of boats were round her, but it was impossible to get near the ship owing to the great heat. The fore and mainmasts fell by the board about one o'clock. Nothing appears to have been saved from the ship, the passengers and crew losing everything they possessed, ex cept the clothes they had on. They were landed at Margate about nine o'clock yesterday morning. An eye-witness of the whole conflagration and catas trophe, W. Hughes, a most intelligent man of colour, steward on board the vessel, who arrived in town last night, states that he and all the passengers and crew were in bed at twelve o'clock, with the exception of the pilot and the first and second watch, when one of the passengers having discovered smoke and flame issuing from underneath the second cabin floor, rushed into the neighbouring compart ments shouting "Fire l" This immediately alarmed the whole ship, and the captain gave instant directions to the crew to get the pumps under weigh and apply the hose to extinguish the fire. In order to do this it was necessary to lift up the hatches, when unfortunately the wind, which was blowing hard at time, rushed in and fanned the flames on all sides of the hold into a sheet of fire. Seeing the ter rible peril the ship and passengers ware now exposed to Capt Hovey, regardless of his own personal risk, gave orders to the crew to lower the two lifeboats, into which the pas sengers were let down by ropes. These, however, were in sufficient to contain passengers and crew, and, unfortunately two other boats by some accident drifted away. Rockets were then fired as signals of distress for help from shore, and providentially a steam tug came to the rescue; but un fortunately, from some cause or other. could not get well up alongside, and had to stand off, while the boats of the Amazon, having embarked the passengers on board of her, returned to the burning ship, and took off the remaining passengers and the ship's company safe. The captain and chief officers, who remained on deck last, then got into the lugger, and the steam tug towed all to Margate, which was reached about half-past 3 yesterday morning. In the course of the day the ship burnt to the water's edge, and the windlass and anchor having also parted, sho drifted down towards Broadstairs, and eventually it is stated went down from the weight of water and iron contained in her. The Amazon was the property of Mr. J. B. White and others, of Lower East Smithfield, near St. Katharine's Docks, and, with her cargo, was valued at £24,000. She was a six year old A 1 clipper, but not insured at Lloyd's, and only half insured at New York. The cause of the conflagration is altogether a mystery, but the oc currence will be inquired into by the surveyor of wrecks on behalf of the Board of Trade. All the passengers and crew arrived last evening at the London -bridge terminus of the South-Eastern Railway, and were conveyed to the model lodging-house in Upper East Smithfield, where they will remain until arrangements are made by the American con•• sul for their transmission by another vessel to New York. The Loss of the Pactolus Steamer.—Official Report, To THE LORDS or THE COMMITTEE Or PRIVY COUNCIL FOR TRADE. My Lords,—ln pursuance of your instructions, I have held an official inquiry, assisted by Captains Harris and Baker, the Nautical Assessor of your board, into the circum stances attending the loss of the steamer Pactolus, which was wrecked on the Bth September last, on a lodge of rocks between Little Hope Island and the mainland of Nova Scotia. The Pactolus was an iron screw steamer, built at Glasgow in the year 1851, and owned by Messrs. Larrport and Holt, and others, of Liverpool, at which port she waa registered of the burthen of 1,156 gross and 653 net tonnage. She was commanded by Mr. Edward Johnson, who holds a certificate of competency as master, dated March 29, 1859, and had a crew of 35 persons, all told. Only three passen gers were on board at the time of her loss. The Pactolus left Halifax on the morning of the Bth September last, bound for St. John, N. 8., in all respects properly equipped. She cleared the harbour at 8.30 a.m., and took her depar ture from the Sambro Lighthouse, bearing N by E, distant three to four miles. A course was shaped WSW for Cape Sable, and the vessel proceeded at full speed. At noon a thick fog came on, so dense as to obscure objects on the horizon, but not so dense as to prevent them occasionally seeing distant high land above the lower stratum of fog, as frequently happens in those latitudes. From this time the speed of the vessel was reduced one-half. At 5 minutes past 3 p.m. the engines were stopped for about 5 minutes, to allow a fishing. smack to cross their bows, standing in to wards the land. No communication was held with her, nor did her appearance warn them of their near approach to danger. Shortly afterwards land was discovered right ahead. The engines were reversed full speed for the space of 13, or at the most 15 minutes with her helm hard a-starboard,and soundings were taken in 12 fathoms. This manoeuvre had the effect of bringing the ship's head up from WSW to NW. The engines were then turned ahead at half speed, with the helm still hard a-starboard, The vessel went round to port, that is, towards the land, till her head came to SSW, at which point she was steadied on her course. In about 5 minutes land was seen again, at the distance of only one cable's length on the port bow. Instant orders were given to stop and reverse, but before the eng:nes had made three revolutions astern the ship struck. The engines were continued reversed at full speed till 6 40 p.m., when, the tide having fallen, no further efforts were made till the following day,whrn further attempts to get her off by turn ing astern, throwing overboard coals, and discharging cargo were still unsuccessful. No lives were lost, and ultimately all the cargo was discharged, and much of the ship's gear was saved. The wreck wes finally abandoned on the 23d of September. The crew appear to have behaved well. In commenting upon the loss of this ship it is my duty to point at once :veer:lle revealed out that the course, WSW, along the land from Halifax to wards Cape Sable, however safe in clear weather, is certainly un doubtedly aid ring. i e l Trcl i ous in thick weather, and requires a frequentuse of the ' Nva d a die n e this case the lead was entirely neglected till the land until he had escort right th e impending ahead,w he when a a single n g e r cast T he i in fathoms a 2 ster un . right to reverse his engines at full speed on finding himself was in sufficiently 1 . 8 position, and had he continued to do so ascertained by a further use of the lead that he water the catastrophe would have his helm hard a-starboard, whereby speed' however, ` p ith takingkin g this e c n o course, he second he been averted. Inste e tia 7 : ns ca r s o t c o ee f d t e h d e a leadhea , d h a e t e p h i g f similar danger from he brought himself back again into a which /1Q htia just cooped, and *d o l l ou two ' occasion proved fatal. The course thus adopted seems to me to in dicate a want of judgment on the part of the master which compels me to pronounce him in default on this account, as well as for his negkct to make a duo use of the lead when. he had no other mode of ascertaining in a thick fog whether ho was making his course good, or whether the current was setting him in-shore. There is no reason to believe that the compasses had anything to do with the disaster, as they had all three been compared by bearing of the land on leaving tho harbour of Halifax, only seven hours previously. In the judgment which the Court pronounces in this case, due consideration is given to the excellent character received by the master from his owners; and it is also borne in mind, that by his strenuous exertions after the vessel grounded, most of the cargo was saved undamaged. But this Court has so often to lament the fatal consequences which ensue from the reckless neglect of the lead in foggy weather, that it would be injurious alike to the interests of shipowners and of tha public not to mark its sense of such omission on the part of commanders to provide for the safe navigation of their ships. I have, therefore, felt it to bo my duty, with the full concurrence of my assessors, to suspend the certi ficate of Mr. Edward Johnson for nine calendar months from the date of this report.—l have, &c., Nov. 2, 1863. T. S. RATTLES, Police Magistrate. We concur in this report. Hy. HARRIS, } Nautical Assessors. R. It, BAKER, MIDDLESEX SESSIONS, Nov, 4, (Before the Assistant-Judge.) Josiah Rixon, 28, servant, John Morgan, 48, coffee-shop keeper, and John Stowell, 44, bootmaker, were severally in dicted —the said Josiah Rixon for stealing seven silver tea spoons and other articles, the property of Frances Major, and John Morgan and John Stowell, for receiving the same, well knowing them to have been stolen. Mr. Cooper prosecuted ; Mr. Metcalfe, instructed by Mr. Charles Young, of Arbour-square, Stepney, appeared for Morgan ; and Mr. Sleigh, instructed by Lewis and Lewis, defended Stowell. Rixon pleaded guilty, Mr. Cooper having briefly opened the case, called Mrs. Frances Major, the prosecutrix, who said—l am a widow, living at 5, Coburn-terrace, Bow-road, and about the sth of October my man servant was ill, and Rixon came to do his duty. He remained there a fortnight, and he slept in the house in a back room in the first floor, and in a chest of drawers in his room were the seven teaspoons, two salt spoons, a pair of sugar tongs, now in the hands of the police. They are my property, and were in those drawers, with a quantity of other plate at the time Rixon came to sleep in the room. In the same drawer there was a quantity of other table spOons, a gold pillar chain, a gold bracelet, and gold locket. On Tuesday morning, the 20th ult., I was called by my servant, and found Rixon's door locked. I called the police, and the officer Squire came and broke open the door, and there I found the drawers open and the things missing. There was a bundle of keys left in the room. I missed two tablespoons, and each spoon had the initials W. M. C. on it. I also missed four other tablespoons, a ring, pair of sugar tongs,a silver dessert spoon, and two eardrops, The property I have missed would be worth about £6O al together. John Squire, police-constable 447 K, said—On the after noon of the 23d October I took Morgan into custody at No. 8, Charles-street, Hatton-garden, and I told him he was charged with another man in disposing of a quantity of plate and other articles which had been taken by a man named Rixon from No. 5, Coborn-terrace, Bow-road. He wanted me to stop in the house while he fetched a gentleman, bat I told him wherever he went I should go with him. After he found I was determined to take him he said he would show me the place where it was sold. He said he had seen Rixon, who had brought a bundle of plate with him, and that he had taken it to Stowell, who bought it. He said he would go and fetch Mr. Maddison. I went out of the house with him to Mr, Maddison's office, but ho was not in then. I returned with the prisoner Morgan to Charles-street, and there saw a man in the street. Morgan said to Maddison, "I have got into a fine mess about this plate." Mr. Maddi son said, " Come to my office and we will see what is the matter." We then went to No. 85, Hatton-garden,which is Mr. Maddison's office. When we were in the office I told Maddison that I should take him into custody as well. He told me he had bought the plate, and that he could show the receipt for it. I sent another constable for a cab and took them both to the Bow police.station. I left them at the station and then went back to Charles-street. I met a Mr. Williams in the street, who lives at No. 18, Charles. street, Hatton-garden, and received from him seven tea spoons, two saltapoons, and a pair of sugar-tongs. Lewis Lambert, police constable 311 K, said—On the night of the 23d of October, at about half-past nine I was on duty in plain clothes in Liverpool-road, Islington. I met Stowell there, and having tapped him on the shoulder, said, " Mr. Stowell,'' and he said " Yes." I said, " I shall take you into custody for receiving some silver spoons, sugar , tongs, a gold chain, bracelet, and several brooches." He said, " That is quite right." He said ho received them from Morgan, and sold the spoons for ss. an ounce to Mr. Mad dison. He wanted me to go to a public-house and have something to drink, but I refused. I took him to the Angel public house and put him in an omnibus, and on the way to the Bank he said, " It is a bad job, I would not have had it happen for :£lOO ;" and he offered me a sovereign to let him go home. He made the offer a second time, close to the Bow-road station. I told him that I could not take it. When we reached the station, Morgan was there. I asked Morgan if he knew Stowell, and he said he knew him very well for many years. Cross-examined by Mr.Metcalfe—Stowell said he received it from Morgan and sold it to Maddison, I stated that be fore the magistrate on the first examination. Henry Maddison said—l live at No. 85, Hatton-garden, and am a gold and silver chain manufacturer and diamond merchant. On Tuesday, the 20th of October, Stowell came to my shop between four and five o'clock, and said, " I have some silver spoons, a bracelet, and neck chain for sale." He then produced a gold bracelet and chain." I asked him if they were his, and he said they are not mine. They are a person's who owes you money, and he dares not come him self. I said, "Tell me who he is, so that I may be on my guard to get my money." lie said—" They are from Morgan, at the coffde-shop." I had known him for twelve or fifteen months, and he owed me money. I had known Stowell for seven or eight years as a very respectable man in the neighbourhood, and have dealt with him for boots. He employs eight or ten hands. Stowell asked me £lO for the bracelet and chain. It was a pillar and link chain, large and showy. I offered him £9 10a. for it, and gave hires a cheque for the meant. Stowell then produced seven tea-spoons, two table-spaons, two salt-spoons, and sugar tongs, I gave him £3 10s. for them, although they came to £3 12s. 6d by weight. I only gave him that as I had given him too much for the chain. I left the plate for some time in the scale. After paying him the £3 10s. he went away. Mr. Williams soon afterwards came in, and I sold him the spoons and tongs for £3 Gs. I kept the table spoons in my possession, but the gold chain and bracelet I sold to Mr. Jeffries of Hatton-garden for £9 15s 4d, with a profit of 11 4d to myself. The table spoons sold to Mr. Jeffries had three letters upon them, but I do not remember what these letters were. John Robert Williams said—l live at 108, Batton•garden, and am a diamond merchant. On tho 20th Oct. I bought seven teaspoons, two saltspoons, and one pair of sugar-tongs from the last witness for ss. 6d. per ounce. They were all odd spoons, and when I went to Mr. Maddison's place they were all in the scale. Walter Kerrisoe, inspector of the K division, said—l am an inspector of the Ii division of police. At half• past 10 on the night of the 23d October the prisoners Morgan and Sto well were brought to the station at Bow. I said, addressing both of them, "You are charged with knowingly receiving and disposing of a gold chain, silver spoons, brooches, and other articles of jewellery from Josiah Rixon, knowing the same to have been stolen." Stowell said, " I'll tell you all about it," I said, "You had better be cautious." H e said he would sooner tell me. I said, "If you aro going to make any statement it is my duty to caution you first. It will be taken down in writing, and may be used in evidence against you." Stowell then made the following statement, which I took down in writing. Ho said, "Mr. Morgan called at my house on Tuesday night, and said he wanted to see me. I went to his house and his wife told me he was lying down, and asked me to go up to him on the first floor. I went up and awoke him. He said, "Do you know where to sell these ?" There was a paper parcel on the table. I took the paper parcels and opened them. There wore silver spoons and a gold chain. I said, " I don't know any per son but Mr. Maddison." I took the chain over first, and Mr. Maddison said he would give £9 10s for it by weight. He would give 55 an ounce for the spoons if they were good. They came to £3 12s 63, and he only gave me £3 10s. He said he gave me too much for the chain. Ho said, " Why did not Morgan bring them himself." Ho said, " I know I have got a bill of sale on his things," Morgan then said that Rixon, when ho brought the things into my house, asked me whether I knew any one who would buy them, and asked 13 for them. Mr. Stowell gave £8 for the chain and brooches, and for some other things £3los, which I did no see. I keep a coffee shop in Hatton-garden. When the man called, and asked tee whether I knew any one who would buy those things, I went to Mr. Stowell. He was out. The man left the thing-, and said he would call again in an hour's time. Stowall then said to Morgan, " You must have known the things were stolen, or else you would not have come to me. I gave the money to your wife." Morgan then said to Stowell, "You got £0 10s. for them, and you only gave the man Rixon £3, and you got £3 10s. for the second lot." Stowell then said he did not (meaning him self). Morgan then said, "What did you do with it? Then my wife did not receive any money." Stowell then said, But I gave it to her, and you know it." John Jeffreys, of 30, Hatton-garden, said—l am a gold and silver refiner. I purchased two table spoons, brought to my counting-house by Mr. Maddison, an opposite neigh bour, and also a lady's guard chain. I weighed the chain, and paid 525. Gd. per ounce for it. I have not the chain with me, and I think it was melted down. We molt every day to what we require the next day. We only buy al titles that are fit for melting. The chain was only fit for melting, and I should say it was made 50 years ago. I am certain it was melted and sold. Thomas Currie, a carpenter, of 6, Grafton -terrace, Kentish Town, said Mr. Morgan asked him ii he was a judge of gold. Witness said ho should be able to give an oPianitt Mr, livrvizi 491Te4 hillt ii phi NNW), phi bracelet, and other articles, and asked him what he thought of them. Witness asked him if they belonged to him, and he said they did. He said he had been at the docks all day, and he had bought them of some sailors. On that day he saw Rixon near to Morgan's shop. Edward Boger, carpenter, of Hatton-garden, said he knew Rixon by his standing at his door for the purpose of going on errands. Some days ago the prisoner Rixon came to his house, and said he was going to America. Ha said witness had been very kind to him, and gave his wife and daughter a thimble and a brooch, which hael been since given up to the police. Mr. Metcalfe and Mr. Sleigh made very able addresses on behalf of their clients. The Assistant .3 udge, in summing up the evidence, said that great credit was due to Inspector Kerressey for the manner in which he had cautioned the prisoners at the sta tion-house when Morgan was about to make a statement. He had most properly told him that whatever statement he made would be taken down in writing, and, if necessary, would be used as evidence against him. He also thought great credit was due to him for the way in which he had got up the case. The jury consulted for some time, and the foreman said. as they had a doubt in the case, they gave the prisoners the benefit of it, and returned a verdict of not guilty. The Assistant-Judge sentenced Rixon to be kept in penal servitude for three years. The prisoner Rixon said that he had been for five years leading a respectable life, but the eyes of the police were always upon him. Three years and a half ago he got a si tuation with a surveyor, where he had conducted himself well, and when he went to the house of Mrs. Major, the prosecutrix, she showed him her jewels, and he could not resist the temptation as he was about to leave, and he knew that he should be thrown upon the world penniless. He said he intended to go to America with the proceeds, but the night previously he was robbed of every farthing of what he had obtained by the robbery. The Assistant-Judge said it was all very well to say that the eyes of the police were upon them, and that they were hunted about, but such charges almost invariably turned out on investigation to be false. Frederick James, 26, and Henry Mailers, 21, were in dicted for stealing a watch, the property of William Lyon. The prosecutor is a watchmaker, in Bunhill-row, and the prisoners went into the shop under pretence of having a ring repaired, and while there they contrived to steal a watch which was lying on a bench. The ring was to be done on a certain day, and when they came for it they were given into custody for stealing the watch. The jury found both the prisoners guilty. Charles Wotton, retired sergeant in the G division of police, said that both prisoners were tried the last time at Aylesbury for stealing a watch. James was sentenced to be imprisoned for a month, and then to be kept in a reforma tory for three years. He escaped from there three times. Mailers was a ticket- of-leave man, and his time was not yet up. The Assistant-Judge sentenced both prisoners to be kept in penal servitude for four years. In the bail list there were four cases in which parties were charged with keeping houses of ill-fame in the neigh bourhood of Belgravia. Mr. Yates appeared for the prosecu tion, and Mr. Poland for three of the defendants, and another learned gentleman for the other defendant. A somewhat lengthened discussion took place, and Mr. Poland, in his address to the Court, said that they were not prepared to proceed to trial, as they did not know who were the witnesses to be called, nor the evidence they were to give. There were no depositions in the cases, and he therefore ap lied that the cases might be postponed until the next session, in order that they might have the opportunity to prepare for the defence. The persons accused certainly lived in Belgravia, and they must live somewhere, and this matter had been taken up at the instance of some of the inhabitants, in consequence of which the parish officers had been called upon to prosecute. Mr. Yates said, as there was a great amount of business before the Court, and as it was suggested that these persons were not prepared to enter on their defence, he could not object to the proposition of his learned friend, but they could learn the names of the witnesses from the back of the bill. After some further discussion, The Assistant-Judge ordered that these eases should stand over until the bail day of the next session, and then be at the head of the list. The cases were then postponed until the next session. Martin Cooper, 18, tailor, and George Simpson, alias William Dobson, 19, smith, were indicted for breaking and entering the dwelling-house of James Everson, with intent to steal goods and chattels therein. Eliza Stroggin said that she was barmaid at the Dog and Duck Tavern, Queen-street, Soho •square. On the Ist of October, about five o'clock, the two prisoners came in and said they wanted to play at bagatelle, and asked for the balls. They were given them, and they went upstairs. Soon after she heard her mistress's alarum-bell ring. It is a bell fixed to her bedroom door, so that if any one entered the boll would ring. She ran upstairs and found that her mistress's bedroom door had been broken open. At this moment she heard somebody coming downstairs, and the prisoners went into the bagatelle-room. They then ran downstairs, leaving their drink. They walked to the door, and then ran off. Police-sergeant Cole, 23 C, said that on the 20th of October he met the prisoner Simpson in Seven-dials. Prisoner said, " Good morning, Mr. Cole." He answered, "Good morning. You are just the man I want for breaking into the room at th© public-house in Soho-square." He took him to the public-house, and the barmaid recognised him at once. He apprehended the other prisoner at a house in Drury-lane. The barmaid also recognised him as the companion of the other prisoner. The Assistant -Judge summed up, and the Jury found the prisoners guilty. Sergeant Cole proved a previous conviction against both the prisoners. The Assistant-Judge sentenced them both to be kept in penal servitude for three years. (Before Mr. Payne.) John Smith, 24, farrier, was indicted for unlawfully assaulting George Barber, a constable of the metropolitan police force, in the execution of his duty. Mr. Collins prosecuted ; Mr. Ribton defended. • Geo. Barber, police-constable 164 E, said—ln the middle of the day on the 28th of October, ho was on duty in Eagle street; he saw the prisoner and some other thieves there and ordered them away. About nine o'clock the same night he was near the place again, when the defendant went up to him, and using a filthy expression, asked him what business he had to order him away. Witness told him to go away, and that he did not wish to have anything to say to him, when he struck witness a violent blow on the mouth. He then seized witness by the collar and threw him to the ground, falling heavily upon him. They struggled together on the ground, and the prisoner got away and ran off. Witness got up and ran after him and again seized him. He threw him again, and once more fellupon him. They strug gled together for some time on the ground until another constable came up, when the prisoner went quietly to the station-house. He was very much bruised on the shoulder, his hand was sprained, and his side was very painful. He was still unfit for duty. William Bass, police-constable 154 E, corroborated this evidence. The Jury found the prisoner guilty. John Chaon, police-sergeant 5 E, proved the following convictions against the pri soner ;—Six weeks at Lambeth police court, July, 1860, for picking pockets at the Crystal Palace; three months at the Mansion House, April, 1862, for picking pockets ; and three months at Marlborough street police court, 2d February, 1863, for picking pockets. Mr. Payne sentenced him to be imprisoned and kept to hard labour for two years. Sarah Clarke, 30, and Bridget Reardon, 21, were indicted for stealing a soup tureen end other articles, value £2O, the property of David John Barry, in his dwelling-house. From the evidence it appeared that a clerk to Messrs. Ayres and Ellis, house agents, of John-street, Berkeley square, placed the prisoner Clarke in charge of No. 35, Thurloe-square, a furnished house, to take care of and show it to persons who desired to rent it, The house belonged to Mr. Barry. On the clerk going to the house on the 18th of October he missed some quilts and blankets from one of the beds. He asked Clarke where they were, and she said in a bottom drawer in the back second floor room. He looked in the drawer, but could not find them, and ho missed several other things. He went out for a policeman, but when he came back Clarke was gone. He subsequently found that many of the missing articles had been pawned by Reardon, she being directed to do so by the other pri soner. They were both taken into custody, and on the house being searched a number of pawnbrokers' duplicates were found relating to the missing articles. James Charlton, assistant to Mr. Samos, pawnbroker, Fulham-road, produced a number of articles pawned by the prisoner Reardon, who said she pawned them for Sarah Clarke, who kept a lodging-house at No. 45, Alfred-place, She said she was pawning them more for safety, as they were removing to No. 9, Pond-place, and they were taken in in consequence of that representation. The Jury found the prisoners guilty. Mr. Payne sentenced Clarke to be imprisoned and kept to hard labour for two years, and Reardon for 12 months. ADVERTISEMENT.)—Avoid medicines: they always aggra vate chronic complaints, but Du Barry's Delicious Health Restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, which saves fifty times its cost in other remedies, invariably cures them, restoring perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, healthy liver, pure blood, refreshing sleep, functional regularity, and energy to the most disordered or enfeebled. We extract a few out of 60,000 Cures :—Cure No. 68,216 of the Marchioness de Brehan, Paris, of a liver complaint, wasting away for seven years, debility, with a nervous palpitation all over, bad digestion, constant sleeplessness, the most intolerable nervous agitation, and dreadfully low spirited.—Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies, Lord Lieut. of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia.—No. 49,832. "Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting.—Maria Jolly. —Cure No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey , of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver ,derange. ment, and partial deafness.—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure No. 54,816. The Rev. Jas, T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, "of indigestion and torpi dity of the liver, which had resisted all medical treatment." In tins, 1 lb., 28. 9d. ; 21b., 4s. 6d ; 51b., lls. ; 121 b., 225. ; 241b' 40s.—Barry Du Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London; also Fortnum and Mason ; and all Grcwra, and Cl:Leal:43 in mu Wm/ of the United =app. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. HERALD.—The Polish intervention. as far as Eng land is concerned, may be considered to have come to an end. A moat couci Li dory note from Lord Russell has been presented by Lord Napier to Prince Gorts chakoff, and with the parting remark that Poland has certain rights which ought to be respected the British Foreign Minister retires disheartened from the field. The correspondent of an influential con temporary has informed us that a dispatch couched in far stronger terms was originally prepared, but that on this intention being made known to the Prussian Court it was received with such marked expressions of disapprobation that the design had to be abandoned, or the friendship of Prussia for feited. This may or may not be true. To succumb to bellicose demonstrations is so much a habit with Lord Russell that we are not surprised that such re ports as this should be credited. Lord Russell may in deed have meant to declare that as Russia had failed to fulfil the stipulations of the Treaty of Vienna, her right to Poland was forfeited. He has,however, been overruled in his mischievous purpose. The last of hisidispatches breathes anything but a tone of defi ance. A mild regret is all that Lord Russell has left for the despair of Poland. If there has ever been any notion abroad that the English Govern ment was prepared to join in a crusade for the ro , storation of the Polish constitution or the establish ment of Polish independence, that is all at an end now. The British Government wishes only to wash its hands of a disagreeable business. Aus tria, who has so much to fear, and so much to lose, is still less inclined to play the Don Quixote of Europe. If the Emperor of the French is either able or willing to go to war in this, he most assume the whole responsibility, the whole of the danger. To appreciate fully the utter and ignominious failure of this diplomatic masterpiece, it must be remembered that Lord Russell, in assuming on the part of England a prominent share in this joint in tervention of three Powers, was confronted with a puzzling alternative. He was exposed to two dan gers ; it seemed that he might choose between them, but he has contrived to fall into both. From the first the Government was resolved, and so tar justi fiably, that under no circumstances would it make war upon Russia in this quarrel. But it could either announce that would not go to war, or it could keep this resolution a secret. In the first case, its remon strances would have been likely to have little effect upon Russia. In the second case, the Poles would have been tempted to the obstinate continuance of a desperate struggle in the hope of foreign succour. Now the avowal of the peaceful intentions of the British Cabinet was so precisely timed, and so ambiguously made, that the Cabinet has contrived to tumble into both of these pitfalls. Russia, who seemed to yield at first, was reassured, and per sisted in her work of conquest. The Poles, who at the beginning hoped for impossible things, had been allowed to indulge in their dreams till it was im possible to awaken them to the desolate reality. The mediation has been well managed, if to do as much mischief as a mediation can effect has been the object of Lord Russell throughout. The Russians have learned to laugh at it; the Poles have been induced to trust in it. The positive declarations of English statesmen, the tenor of diplomatic letters, have made the Russians feel secure. The gloss put by bellicose newspapers end warm partisans upon these speeches and despatches has kept hope alive in the breasts of the unfortunate Poles. Had there been no intervention the rebellion would have ended long ago. The sham mediation has kept on throwing fuel on the fire, the fire in which the Polish na tionality is being burned to ashes. When a Minis terial organ in the press ventures to declare that there is not a Pole who supposes that anything more than a peaceful intervention is intended by the Three Powers, we wonder who are its informants; we are surprised at its presumption in venturing a state ment so notoriously the reverse of the truth. The opposite to this is stated by a leading contempo rary which has generally supported the Ministry of Lord Palmerston. If the Poles, it says, are mis taken in supposing that the Three Powers intend to strike a blow on their behalf, then to the inter vention of the Three Powers are to be ascribed all the miseries which Poland has to suffer during five more months of fruitless and protracted warfare. It is pretty well known that the so-called National Government has determined to prolong the struggle through She ensuing winter, in the hope that in the meantime some one or more of the kind strangers will rush to their aid. The Poles have, at the out side, some 6,000 men in the field ; the Russians about twenty times that number. Who can doubt of the issue of a contest with such terrible odds ? The trackless forests that have protected the Polish guerilla will now shelter him no longer. The kind leaves have fallen, the friendly swamps are freezing over. Through the open branches of the trees, and over the frozen wastes, the swarming Cossacks will scent and hunt down the patriots. Poland from the first was a mere pigmy in the grasp of Russia. Without strong foreign assistance her insurrection was but a fruitless sacrifice of noble lives. In saying as much as this, plainly and openly from the first, we have been true friends to Poland. We do not care for the silly talk about a " Tory press," the "friends of Russian tyranny." We are the friends of tyranny nowhere; had we ever been disposed this way the tedious rule of the Whig oligarchy in England would have cured us lone since of such proclivities. We wish to see Poland once more in the full enjoyment of her freedom and constitutional rights. During the Polish insurrection, and while a single Pole remains in arms, such a concession cannot be extorted without a general war. The wrong thing at the wrong time is the maxim which seems to guide the foreign policy of Lord Russell. One war has been aggravated and prolonged by his i stediation in Poland. Another war, vaster in its p fol on ged by his non - mediation in America. proportions, and more terrible, has been aggravated and TeerEs.- - Two great nations are now fighting for Union. In Northern States of Ameri ca twenty on© millions of people are bent up o n su bj uga ting and bringing back to their body a population of nine millions which has seceded from them and claimed an independent existence. In this desperate work they have contracted an enormous debt, have maintained prodigious armies, have sacrificed their political liberty, and fettered their commerce by exorbitant tariffs. In Europe the belief is almost universal that they are striving after an unattain able object, but we can do no more than look on and be neutral. It is not for us to interfere in an Ame rican contest either for the Union or against it. Very different, however. is the position of Italy. In that country twenty-two millions of people are fighting for Union, but only in a pacific fashion. They are, indeed, compelled to keep costly armies on foot, and to incur a large debt in doing so, but they are not actually at war. The Union for which they contend is the consolidation of seven States, naturally homogeneous, but heretofore sundered by political distribution. The Italians desire to be one people, having been hitherto Piedmontese, Tuscans, Lombards, or Neapolitans. The work is not an easy one. The inhabitants of these pro vinces are all of the same race, but they do not speak quite the same language. The territory to which they pretend is not extravagantly large, and is clearly defined, but it possesses geographical fea tures which have materially conduced to the isola tion of one district from another. Italy was inha bited by one family, but thavarious members of the household had been so long and so jealously sepa rated from each other that they now find many difficulties in the way of a complete union. Here, however, we are not confined to any neutrality. We are enabled to give the Italians our best wishes,and something more. It was not our province to inter fere in the strife by which their present opportu nities were won, but we cheerfully gave them our recognition, and we are now cordially assisting them to establish freedom of trade. The Treaty of Com merce and Navigation between Great Britain and Italy, which we yesterday published, marks one of those events which are chronicled in Royal speeches and elevated to the dignity of historical landmarks. If we cannot say, as in the case of the French Treaty, that certain broad channels of natural trade will now be opened instead of closed, we can still say that an interchange of commodities between two great countries is now facilitated, and that the re sults ought to be very large. No product of Italy can be actually compared to the wine of France. We cannot lay our fingers on any trade which ap pears to form an especial vocation of Italians ; but, though the specialty which was so conspicuous in the case of France may be here wanting, it is im possible to put a limit to the advantages which this Treaty may bring. Italy commands an infinite not . be . • variety of produce, and its industries will all be never yet effectually stimulated by freedom o m f wie t g r h a dt d is e bp . ear ir iam ir ge. cannot tell, for instance, that cotton may Italianc om e a wines,s a pl perhaps,of ltalian be e e s a p u o s r e t, w a e n b d ave signed and ratified ascertained how mmuncath remarkable erkwaibnlees is entering upon prov feature in this i a s t it t s he da m te n . me l n t t h w a h s e b n ee l n taly exactlysrre a t y a new national life. The letters of our correspondent h ave recently depicted the extraordinary phase in which that country now appears. All is stir anima tion, , ' enterprise, and hope. To break consolidated by the traditions of 20 generations is no easy task. North and South had to be brought together and permanently amalgamated after centu ries of disunion, Perhaps the necessity which the friends of Italy most acutely bewail has been one of the most serviceable instruments in producing this consummation. The army is the great centre of fusion. Common standards, common discipline, and common aspirations h ave created also sone munity of general sentiments, and, whet is more extraordinary, of language. In the ranks of the , army eyory mau IN All l& AD; Yf Weyer pro vince may have been his birthplace, so that pro vincial prejudices and provincial dialects are dis carded together. But thi s s i ngu l ar p roce ss is seconded by works of peace. There can be no real political or social unity without good communica tions, and when we say that one town has been " united" to another by a line of railway we ex press a groat truth. So the Italians have been making railways, and to such effect that in the first four years of their new life they have more than doubled the length of railway lines opened before. Then comes shipping; and in one year the Italians have added 600,000 tons to their entries. Every body is busy on some project or other. It is at this critical conjuncture that we join hands with the Italians on a Treaty of Commerce, and we could do nothing in the world better calculated to serve them. Of course we shall get an equal benefit ourselves, for that is the characteristic operation of such mea sures, but no policy will conduce more rapidly to Italian prosperity than that of Free Trade. At present this is Italy's weak point, and if the treaty before us should inaugurate a new system of tariffs and duties throughout the Peninsula the Italians may date their financial progress from the 29th of October, 1863. It must be confessed in justice to a people who have been conducting an arduous expe riment, that if the Italians have been reckless in matters of finance, they are not chargeable with delinquency on any other point. They have disap pointed the expectations of their enemies, and sur passed the hopes of their friends. They have shown a capacity for immediate self-government which few would have ventured to predict. They have not been hurried into any extravagance or se duced from the path of constitutional progress by the theories of political fanatics. They have shown that they could wait as wall as win in a struggle for unity, and have displayed extraordi nary patience under prolonged disappointments. They have suppressed or discarded those ancient provincial jealousies which were expected to prove the ruin of the experiment, and have entered upon the new era of their history with singular concord, They have made only one slip, and that was no t entirely avoidable. They have lavished mosey without stint, if not without heed. Perhaps they thought that of all faults this was the one which could be most surely rectified after the struggle was over ; but nobody can measure the importance of finance. It is said to have been at the bottom of almost every revolution. It makes States strong or weak, crippled or prosperous. Debts are easier to bear than deficits. A country which pays its way year by year may do well even with heavy burdens, but when it continually fails to make both ends meet the prospect is bad. The statesmen of Italy understand their position, no doubt, but the absolute necessity for a strong army prevents re trenchment of expenditure, while the fear of meddling with long established interests deters them from those financial reforms by which the Exchequer might be replenished. The latter of these two experiments would be the safe one. The military exigencies of Italy are beyond her imme diate control, but a bold and judicious treatment of commercial abuses would quickly bring about its reward. That it may be soon commenced and suc cessfully conducted is what every friend of Italy must desire. COUNTRY MARKETS. NEWARK—WEDIvEsDAY. About the usual quantity of wheat on offer at our tnar. ket to-day, and the demand was fair, at fully the rates of last week. Barley a tolerable show, at top prices. Beans steady. White wheat new, 42s to 458 Barley, grinding.. 30s to 323 Red do, 37s to 42s Oats, old, . 2ss to 28i Old white 46 s t o 46 s New do 203 to 24s Red do. 40s to 44s i Beans 37s t 0,400 Barley, malting... 368 to 40s 1 Beans, new 32s to 340 HULL-TUESDAY. At this day's market the show of English wheat was moderate, with a steady demand, and sales were made at fully late currencies. Foreign a fair sale. Barley was very little improved. Oats and peas were steady. Beano taken off at extreme rates. Wheat.... Old white... ;per qr ... 44s Od to 46s Od Old red 7, New white .. ~ New red .... „ Barley.... English malting - 3Bs Od to 40s Od Grinding 26s 6cl to 28s Od Saal and Oderbruck Holstein and Danish 3os Od to 31s Od Grinding Oats English, old 268 Od to 288 Od Archangel and Riga, per st oBl2ld to 1 3 d Friesland and Dutch oBl3d to 08131 d Swedish and Danish oBl2lcl to osl3d Beans ....English, old, per qr 438 Od to 45s Od New pigeon 42s Od to 41s Od New tick. 4os Od to 42s Od Egyptian Peas ..Foreign boilers ... 32s Od ti' 34s Od Grinding Tares ....Spring Indian Corn Linseed, feeding . 528 Od to 56s Oct crushino. • 4os Od to 52s Od Linseed cakes (Hull) £9 5 oto £0 0 0 Foreign: Bl5 oto 9 0 0 Rape cakes Bones CORK—TUESDAY. The following were the quotations this morning :—Red wheat, 7s 3d to 8s 9]; white, 7s 3d to 9s 3d , barley, Oa Od to 8s Od ; oats, 6s Od to Gs Cd ; black do., 4s 4d to 5s 61. DUBLIN-TUESDAY. A small supply of wheat to •day again, but large of oatO and barley. The condition of all much injured by the con' tinned wet weather. s. d. s. d. Wheat, white.. 23 0 to 25 0 Do., red .. 20 0 to 23 0 Do., new .... 0 to 0 Barley Oats Do., black — 0 to —+o s. d. s. Beans.. 0 to -- Bere . l2 0 to 13 0 v Rapeseed 2l 0t025 0 Oatmeal ll 6 to 1 3 Bakers' flour Indian corn COAL I Prices of Coal per 'von a a. d. .AltK ET. the dose of the market. 13. Byass's Bebside West Hartley ..15 9 Tunstall Buddle's West Hartley 15 9 Hetton 2O 0 Lambert's West Hart- Russel's Hetton 19 0 ley l5 6 Framwellgate.. .. lB 3 Carr's Hartley . 16 9 Haswell..... Norton's Anthracite.. 22 0 Trimdon Ha r tl e p oo l 19 ,F, I K elloe .... Ships at market, 20 ; sold, 14. Walls End. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton Nov. IS ' via Marseilles Nov. 14 ' &full and Cape Verds, by British packet. Nov. 4,', Cape of G oo d H ope , A scens i on, an d S t. Helena Nov. 3„u' China, Penang, and Si nga p ore , v i a Southampton Nov. 1D• via Marseilles Nov. I'2' Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton Nov. 1 1 ' India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Nov. 18. via Marseilles Nov. 12. India (Bombay), via Southampton .. Nov. l l; via Marseilles Nov. 5. Portuga1.... Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Nev. 1 " via Marseilles Newfoundland ..Nov. .--" Oporto and Vigo ... U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.... Nov. 1 - 1 ' _ _ _ . ' by U.S. packet by Canadian packet. Nov. 7. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe Nov. 10. Bahamas, via New York Nov. 19. Mexico ....N0v. 28. All parts of West Indies, including ChM, Peru ' j Nov. 13 , California, and British Columbia.. THE TURKISH BUDGET lor 1863.64 will be i° round numbers in revenue £13,684,000, and in expenditur e about £lBO,OOO less. The army consumes about four rail' lions, the navy one, the Court more than one, the debt being about four and a half. Public Instruction and liror o together consume less than £50,000. Births. ADEANE.—On the 2d inst., at 8, Seamore-place, MaY ilifff the Lady Elizabeth Adeane, of a son. DUCKWORTIL—On the 3d inst., at 38, Bryanston-s(1 1151* the Hon. Mrs. W. Arthur Duckworth, of a daughter. 130 DYMOND.—On the 3d i nst., at Brierly, near Barnsley,t wife of Thomas Dymond, Riq., of a son. 0 14 MOCATTA.—On. the 4th inst, the the wife of J. L. Esq ,of 2, Upp er Montagu' -street, B.ussell• square, o ' t son. Marriages. GROTES—HUNT.—On the 4th inst., at St. John's,,,C ll ff ter, William George Grov es , E sq ., o f Woodford, x'st,,a. to Elizabeth S ara h, e ld est d aughter of Finch Hunt, -1-- of Teignmouth, Devon. e at Rev. the 3d inst., at Bridgwater' Rev. D. W. S epp i ngs, M.A. assistant curate of t'l - o r, Yarmouth, to Ell en , younges't daughter of John Tr oy ors ,of Bridgwater. _ Deaths. , ata , of BREEBAAR.T.—On the 2d inst., Nicolas Breebaart, Mincing-lane, aged 58. R.I.P. BEATON.—On the 31st ult., at Su r bit on , Ki n gston-le r : Thames, Mr. Donald Beaton, o f " Th e J our nal of "-- ticulture," aged 61. • it' vl GROOM.-011 the 3d inst., at C r oyd on , su ddenly, 117113 J. Groom, of the firm of Messrs. Hine, Parker, an d e" Milk-street, cit, aged . GRIFFITIM —On y t H he Ist inst , at Kompsey, Charle s 1010 - Griffiths, Esq., formerly ' of the 14th Light Drag ()°- aged 53. HAVISIDE.—On the 2d i na t ' , at Walthamstow, FrodErriefig widow of the late Captain Haviside. rill PILLING. On the 2d inst., at Plymouth, Bear-Am.- - Pulling, aged 76. STANLEY---On the Ist inst. a t a t Holmwood, the Dowag er Lady Stanley of Ald er l ey ,. aged 93. h.. 1 London : Printed and Published Dy WILLIAM ANDA of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN Office Strand, in the Precinct of the Elavoy, in the CO 12 " 14441c1 034 77 13 4 81 4 4 h litnemperA 1803. fort obt, offic be e of s. Tot the that Pan her tion plan Si i for SAI that Ti Com liqui Org :it. I Fat! Tt obje Holi disti TIC arlet St..] St. is Tio An tit uo se forw c at. aj ........_ it traY Thl EAR to cal daily Con Ma* LI CO. ; CO. and( and C CO. ; 14t1