The Sun. — London, England, 1863-10-02 00:00:00

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, 4h. 59m. —Afternoon, oh. 20m. To-monßow.-Morning, sh. 40m.—Afternoon, 6h. sm. • 41+ Wit 0. 111 4: 44444 E W ZEALAN D.-PROVINCE OF AUCKLAND GO' VERMONT LOAN. £500,000. - THE BANK 'OF NEW ZEALAND, Bankers to the General Government of New Zealand, and to the Provincia 1 Government of AuAcland, give notice, that TENDERS \ v.ll be received until Twelve o'clock on SA I URI) AY. the 3d instant, for the BALANCE unallotted of the FIRS'I7 INSTALNIENr of the above LOAN, viz., £28,250, at and above the minimum already declared. The portion new advertised will bear interest from the Ist October, 1863. Tenders to bo made in conformity with the terms of adver tisement under- date 21st ultimo. F. LARKWORTITY, Managing Director. Kank of B "ew Zf aland, 50, Old vroad. •street, London, Ist Och )ber, 1a63. D. WINTER'S NEW WORK, SUBTLE BRAINS and LISSOM FINGERS : Beinz Sor.ll of the Chisel Marks of Our Industrial and Scientific Progress, may be had at all the Libraries or at any Booksellers, priet: By the same Author, CURIOSITI7ES OF CIYILIZ &TION. SixlhEditlon. Cs. OUR SOCIAL BEES. Sixth Edition. ds. London : Robert Hardwicke, 182, Piccadilly. Now ready, 620 pp., post Bvo., Third and Cheap Edition, price 10s. 6d., OBSCURE DISEASES of the BRAIN and MIND. By FORBES WINSLOW, M.D., D.C.L. London : Robert Hardwicke, In, Piccadilly. HERRMANN, • PRESTIDIGITATEUR.- PRINC'ES'S THEATRE. —HERB HERRMANN'S Performances, EVERY EVENING, at Eight. In Two Parts—as given by him in a ll the principal Opera Houses of the Continent of Europe and Amer ica ' - and invented whole of the N'arvellous Illusions entirely new, , Doors by Herr Herrmann. Prices of admission Theatres and as usual open at half-past 7. MEI EATAE ROYAL DRURY - LA NE.- Mana '4.e1.8 ' Mess". E. Falconer and F. B. Chatterton. THIS EVE INC N, THE DEAL BOATMAN Messrs. G. Belmore, F. Charles ; Miss R. Leclercq, and Mrs. Edmund Falconer. To conclude With the new and original Comedy, by Ed mund Fal-oner, entitled NATURE'S ABOVE ART A Ro mance of the Nursery Messrs.lV a lt e r Lacy, Addison, Ryder , Barrett, G. Belmore, :F. Charles. Neville ; Miss Charlotte 57 aunoers. 3lisn Murray, Miss R. Leclercq, Mrs. Melville, and Mrs. Edmund Falconer. Box-office open from Ten till Five daily. Prices as usual. Commence at 7. THEATRE ROYAL HAYMARKET.— Open for the Season. TIIIS EVENING. and during the Week, to commence at 7, with AN UNLUCKY MORTAL : Mr. William Farren, Bias M. Harris, &c. After which, at a quarter to 8, the new Comedy of FINESSE ; or, Spy and counter Spy: characters by Mr. Alfred Virigan, Mr. Chippendale, Mr. Howe, Mr. Buckatone • Airs. Dowton, Miss L. Angel, and Mrs. Alfred Wigan. Concluding with TURNING THE TABLES. On Monday, Oct. 26, Mr. and Mrs. CI:LAS. MATHEWS will return to the London stage. NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI,- Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, at 7, THE TRAGEDY QUEEN: Mrs. Stirling. At 8, the New Drama of LEAH : Miss Bateman, supported by Mr. Arthur Stirling (his 2d appearance here), Messrs. It. Phillips, Bfflinzton, Stuart, A. Wood, hberne, Miss H. Simms and Mrs. Billing-ton. To conclude with CATCHING AN HEIRESS : Miss Woolgar and Mr. A. Wood. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Manager, Mr. W. IL Swanborough. THIS EVENING, WHERE'S YOUR WIFE. Mr. Bel ford, Miss Simpson. Followed by (65th time) THE MOTTO, " I'M ALL THERE." Messrs. Honey, Turner, E. Danvers, Collier, Clifton; Mesdames Ada Swanborough, F. Josephs, Maria Simpson, Wallace, and Jenny White. To conclude with TURN HIM OUT. Mr. Turner, Miss Thorne. Commence at 7. pin: THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN," Containing the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, can be had Every Evening of G. H. GLINIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. The Weather—Sun Office, Oct. 2, 1863. THERMOMETER. This day at Two o'clock 6l Barometer-29.83.' Wind—South-Westerly; light, and cloudy. LONDON, FRIDAY, ocr. 2, 1863. Hastened onward probably by a knowledge of the importance of the tidings of which she was the bearer, the Cunard steamer Scotia, due at Queenstown on this (Friday) afternoon, arrived at her destination at cock crow this morning, after a passage of eight days and a half across the Atlantic. The intelligence brought by the Scotia is certainly, when we come to look into it, as remarkable, almost we had said as startlinf, as any that has for a long while past come to us from the American seat of war. There were , rumours, it will be remembered, brought to us at the close of the last mail, to the effect that General ROSENCRANZ had suffered some severe discomfiture. But they were only rumours. No reliable particulars were there accompanying that statement encouraging any one to believe it. These vague reports,howavee, as to some serious disaster having befallen the Federal force under General ROSEN CRAN Z, are now, as it turns out,to the full con firmed and justified. The defeat of General ROSEN CRANZ by the Confederate army under General BRAGG is an event now q'iits unmistakeable. Ths discomfitted Federals, having been engaged vigorously by General BRAGG on two suc cessive days, the 19th and 20th ultimo, near Chickamanga Creek, were compelled, on the following morning, that of the 21st, to beat a retreat to Chattanooga. The results of the con flict, which appears, as usual, to have been very severe, are these—that General BRAGG has captured from his antagonist twenty guns and taken five hundred prisoners, the Federals themselves owning to a total loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners of twelve thousand men! The numerical force col lected together by General BRAGG before the corn neencernent of this attack upon the position of the Federals under General ROSENCRANZ cannot as yet be estimated with anything like accuracy. It was variously reported at New York on th e morning of the 23d ult., before the departure of the Scotia on her eastward voyage, to have been an army of from 70,000 to 96,000 men. It is tolerably certain, however, already, that before BRAGG'S movement, he bad been considerably reinforced by troops despatched to him from all directions, by LEE, by JoHNsTON E, and by BEAUREGARD. The meanin g o f th e recent withdrawal of the " Comm a nder-in - Confed erate Chief upon the Rapi dan,e becom e , in this way already compre hensible, Every one who has watched the strategy o f thtt ' grea t master of war s ince the War s commencem eet, knew common parlance w hen it be that there was, 3 ° o aething in it," came apparent that, instead, o f a d va ncing cgainsL his antagonist MEADE, he hen resolve upon with drawing to a new position, slightlyslightlyt the rear of d his late headquarter s , namely', the lie© of the Rapidan. One reason leading hi m to this modifi cation of his plans, the battle of the 19th and 20th, at Chickamanga Creek, has rendered already apparent. That contest, as We have ahead having been preceded by the transmissiony noted, of rein- Other foreements from LEE'S main army to .13 1 : Lew reinforcements coming up simultaneously and v ery opportunely from JOHNSTONE and Beeuiteeeue, enabling General BRAGG to seize 20 guns tend ego prisoners as trophies of his victory over ROSEN C?ANZ—ItOSENCRANZ confirming the truth of that victory by his retreat upon Chattanooga. " sadMANHATTAN in his very last letter, published on ly yesterday, "if LEE shc.suld chance to take Wrshiegtce, we shall see gold at 203 p The Con federate Commander-in-Chief has not (yet) taken Washington, is still (for the time being) at his lest chosen quarters on the Rapidan. It is General BRAGG (only) who has gained a victory over ROSENCRANZ,DOt within sight of Washington, but at Chickamanga Creek, thence drivfng the defeated Fe derals back to Chattanooga—and yet WicL tte C4Pital untaken, even unapproached, gold, on the first news of General ROSENCRANZ'S defeat, in exchange went up to 155 ! Even by the closing quotation upon the evening of the 22d, receding only to 1514 ! And then merely rallying so far, not because of any good news, so to speak, but for no better tidings than that the po sition of ROSENCRANZ was then supposed to be slightly less disastrous or less critical than it had at first been reported. Two fragments of the intelli gence brought to us by the Scotia, read rather omi nously, it must be confessed, so far as they tend to indicate the imminent impossibility of a war between France and the Federals—one being an intimation through the Hew York, World, the other through the Neu' York Herald. The latter stating—"lt is reported that Vice President STEPHENS has gone to Europe with an offer to cede Texas to France in return for French assistance to the Confederate Government. The former asserting that information has reached New Orleans that the French had occupied Matamoras with 5,000 troops. A collision is expected to take place at the mouth of the Rio Grande between the French and Federal gunboats on matters connected with cotton and supplies for the Confederates." Straws—these are not—thrown up to indicate in which direction blows the fiery wind of war. Rather, let us say, flickering flambeaux, telling us by the drift of their fierce flame the one direction of its hot breath. Among the numerous maps and charts published annually for our instruction and guidance, there is perhaps none which has so strong a claim upon our notice as the small and unpretending map yearly set before us by the National. Lifeboat In stitution. If it be well that we should be able to track the steps of discoverers in distant and unknown lands, to realise the vicissitudes of war by following the course of a campaign, it is un doubtedly also desirable that we should know the perils lurking round our own familiar shores, that we should not be ignorant of the spots close to us, where courage and skill are as nobly shown as even on a field of battle, where brave men laid down their lives in the struggle with the elements. Such information the 'Wreck Chart freely gives us. It startles us from our fancied security and boasts of progress to learn that, so far from diminishing, the statistics of our naval disasters show a decided in crease, not only in number bat in ratio; that is to say, not only the actual amount of shipwrecks has been greater, which might be owing merely to increased traffic, but that a larger number were wrecked in proportion to the voyages made. One wreck out of every 201 ships was the average, whereas the chronicles of the year just past show one wreck for every 147 vessels sailing. During the twelve months of 1862 no less than 1,827 wrecks and casualties occurred on the shores of the United Kingdom alone, accesapanied unfortunately by the loss of 690 lives. There is some consolation attending the last item, seeing that the average of deaths from these casualties has been 800, and that consequently the exertions of our lifeboat institu tions, and other means, have been rewarded with increased success. The Wreck Chart plainly tells us that the experience of the past year is very unfavourable. It therefore becomes us as a maritime nation to inquire closely into the matter, and to ascertain by what means such catastrophes may be diminished in number, if they cannot be prevented. The number of vessels which entered inwards sod cleared outwards from different British ports last year was 268,462, and it is estimated that these ships had on board more than a million and half of men. It is, therefore, only reasonable to believe that a large number of casualties and dis asters must eventually occur under the most favourable circumstances. It remains to be seen whether the number that does actually take place exceeds the inevitable average. In the first place, it is worthy of note that a large proportion of the vessels lost were the ordinary coasting colliers, which are mostly ill-found, ill-manned vessels, whose owners take very insufficient precautions to ensure their safety. The ages of some of these ships would certainly not improve their credit at an insurance office. A collier sloop, which foun dered last December off the east coast with the loss of all hands, was 71 years of age! Another, which went down under very similar circumstances, was still more venerable, being 99 years old. The want of good ground tackle and sailing gear, the reckless and indifferent manner in which these vessels are sent to sea, is quite enough to account for the fact that " the destruction of hundreds of them, even in moderate gales, is now reduced to a matter of cer tainty." Nearly 800 out of the 1,800 vessels that were lost were under 300 tons, a fact that is not surprising, when we remember how numerous are the vessels of this class round the coast. We may hope for some improvement in the fitting out of these vessels, as many of the large shipowners are interesting themselves in carrying out the project brought forward by Mr. LAIRD, of submitting an chors and cables to a regular test before a ship can be insured. Were this plan once fairly carried out we should hear of fewer wrecks on our coast, and a better and higher spirit would be infused into the trade. That the whole of the wrecks must not be laid to adverse elements is proved by the fact that 23 vessels were wrecked . !.n perfectly calm weather ; 28 in light airs ; 56 in light breezes ; 48 in gentle breezes; 110 in moderate breezes; 187 in fresh breezes; 195 in strong breezes; all which grada tions are reckoned below the degree of " moderate gales." Only 321 of the wrecks were under the command of masters holding certificates of compe tency; while, as a proof of the necessity of some change i n the equipment ofvessel i s a , 2t3heof chips s total or wrecks were lo s t from defects equipments, while 66 parted their cables or dragged their anchors. The need of additional harbours of refuge on some of the more exposed parts of our coast is forcibly demonstrated by the Wreck Chart —a fact fully appreciated by Lord RAVENSWORTII, when, before bringing on a motion on the subjectit in the Upper H ouse , h e caused a large copy of to be suspended in their lordships' library. The number of vessels lost and damaged by collisi ons, which frequently occu r i n d ayl i ght and clear wea ther, is so great that we must certainly class a large proportion of them among the preventible disasters_ W e must hope for some change for the better in this respect from the new regulations just issued by the Board of Trade. The valaable services ren dered by the lifeboats and the brave sailors who man them, have long been recognised by th e pu b lic, and additional proof is afforded every year of the e xertions. Within six s ears lif e . efficacy of i ts boats and life-saving apparatus have been the means of saving 4,169 fiver. During the past year th e y rescued 35S lives, besides saving 21 vessels. The number of rewards given by the society for saving life since its formation is 13,220, and it h as expended upwards o f £75,000 on lifeboats and their appliances. It must be re membered, too, that t h e are often t rue h the highest heroes, well deserving of me n whom it employs rewards that can be off-red them. As is justly remarked in th e cu '`rent Lifeboat Journal"—" The relief of number a of the wreck is no mere child' s play : it often occup i es hours of hard, dangerous, and uureinittin; toil. It is no mere sudden flash of generosity that is required —no enthusiasm burnt out as soon es kindled—but that steady, undauutod THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 2, 1863 as well as the lowest class s o f f r E re q n u g e l n i s t h l ymtehne in i t g i h m e e s s t of danger." Sir is DAVID BREWSTER has recently pluck' which distinguishes us a highly given interesting account of the origic w - of this institution, which , it seems , owes its exist ence to the benevolent exertions of Sir ILLIAM HILLARY. This gentleman, having frequently wit nessed the horrors of shipwreck from his residence in the Isle of Man, and having himself been instru mental in saving life, determined to do something to mitigate the evil. Finding the Admiralty and other official powers, as usual, inert and indifferent, he convened a public meeting, and stirred up the sympathies of the public, so that, at the London Tavern on the 4th of March, 1824, the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck was founded under his auspices. The great and good work then begun has never since been abandoned. It has gained in extent and importance until foreign princes and potentates are eager to contribute to its stores, and prompt to acknowledge the obligations which, through their countrymen, they owe to it. We cannot doubt that it will now, as heretofore, command the ready assistance of the public in its appeals for support, since, however great may be the precautions taken, and however favourable the circumstances, a large number of wrecks and disasters at sea is inevita ble on the sea-board of a maritime nation. While men arc to be found to do the work of danger, surely we need not hesitate to give our pounds when they give their lives. The Lifeboat Insti tution is an association of the greatest practical value, and not the least of its services is the col lecting of clear and authentic information, which is the first step to taking wise and profitable action. Speeches from members of Parliament seem to be in fashion just now. It is true that this often occurs at this time, but this year they are more than ever prevalent. Perhaps the reason is that the members of the legislat ure ar e dete rm i ne d t o ma k e up for lost time, and as the French would say, d e d ommage o th f e t m he se p lv a e s s t s fo e r es t i h on. their sh T o h r e tc D om u i ke ngoaf MARLBOROUGH and debates —ARLBOROU G H and Mr. HENLEY have been busy at Woodstock. The Duke, in a short speech, remarked on the great improvement that had taken place in regard to the work of this and other societies. He said it showed how much better they were now appreciated by agriculturists, and this gratifying fact w as s h own by the increased attendance at these meetings, and the improvement of the shows which took pl a ce. His Grace truly remarked that the "interests of agriculture in this country are paramount, th ey a re second to none that can be named. Manufacturing and commercial interests were manifold in their claims to a prominent place in it s annals a n d its history, but notwithstanding this, it would be found that agriculture would maintain its ancient promi nence." There was more than the flattery suited to a festive occasion in these statements, and the n oble speaker also added an equally correct remark when he said that there was room for ample improvement in the "agriculture of this country." lie held out an incentive to his hearers to urge them on to re newed exertions by mentioning that they must keep pace with the sister interest, for he called it that, and not an antagonistic one, of manufacture. Th e y there saw what wonderful effects the combined in fluence of capital, energy, and intellectual power worked, and he would ask whether the bountif ul soil GOD had given them was not as capable of ren dering a return for the like advantages as manu factures and commerce. So far this discourse was encouraging, and also invigorating. Mr- HENLEY corroborated the remarks of the p uke ' and also adduced a valuable testimony to the truth of the favo ura bl e op i n i on expressed regarding England. H e sa id t h at we might be vain and con ceited in our noti ons , or, at all events, too part i a l in our opinions, b ut a di st i nguished foreigner like the Duke D'AUMAL E , w h o res i ded in this country , was likely to take a j ust v i ew of what he saw be f ore him. This Prin ce h a d expressed a favou rable opinion of them as f armers and Englishmen' He said that it was well for us that we were indepen dent in our management of these societies, and Government had nothing to do with our farming. Mr. HENLEY contradicted the assertion t h a t had been made by some p eop l e that after free trade was introduced the first s p r i ng of agriculture took p l ace . He said that the fi rst spr i ng took place 40 or 50 years ago. So far b ac k as the beginning of this century there was an agr i cultural society, which was supported by P ar li amentary grants. Some years after the Government got econ o mical, a nd the society was snuffed ou t. T he Royal Agricu l tura l Society then s p rung up . Aa to progressing he did not think that agr i cu lt ure had ever stood stil l . I n thorough draining, h e cons i dered that a great im provement had taken place. Also, another advan tage was, th a t th ey b rought stock to market quicker. Th en , i n mac hi nery, improvements had gone on gradually f rom t h e " rough horse. thrash i ng machine to those steam impl ements w hich we see working at every one of th ese s hoves." Mr. HENLEY concluded his interesting serving that they cou ld not move in too much hurry; they must oft en h ave to test the value of th i s or that experiment b e f ore they put it in pract i ce _ They must watch th e e ff ect of spe ech by ob thr e e or four seasons, they could not always " jump at conclusions as if their experiments were made within four walls, and under a fixed condition that of things." He thought that b y the exercise of dis crimination by w a t c hi ng the effect of inven tions, and adoptin g th ose p r omised to be of eventual benefit, th ey might keep the agri culture of their country, as it now was, at the head of the agriculture of the world. Mr. HENLEY'S oration was remarkable for solid sense and sterling argument. He adopted the happy middle course,a; which so few can attain to with any degree of s uccess, and seemed a lik e re moved from incautious haste, and over-reticence of procedure. We need some such characters now-a days in the whirl of eddying eve nts to restrain the too eager and impetuou s f rom dash i ng on at rail road speed, and bringi ng themselves an d others to destruction. There is sometimes as much or more danger in being too fast as in being too slow, and they are fortunate who find in their advisers that desirable and necessary difference of opinion which imparts a strength from its very variety, and incul eates the best precepts that opposing candidates have to offer. That is one of the great advantages of these agricultural societies that those who attend them have so many opportunities of hearing divers opinions expressed on all topics that can imme diately claim their attention or locally affect their interests. They may differ from some altogether and only partially agree with another, but still some passages of a speech that they dissent from may contain instruction for them, or it may serve to them a new light on an old subject. Tot homines tot sen tentice is a quaint adage of antiquity, and its veracity is often seen in the meetings of this day, but still from the diversity of opinions great advantages are derived. They are generally neutral grounds of discussion, and from them are banished acerbity of feeling and irritation of sentiment. The members and the visitors for the most part agree to differ, end when once this understanding exists the results are always beneficial to all parties who are inte • rested in the affair. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. [R RITTER'S TELEGRAMS.] AMERICA. DEFEAT AND RETREAT OF ROSE- CRANZ. NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 21 (Morning). (Per the Scotia.) QUEENSTOWN, OCT. 2, The royal mail steamer Scotia, from New York, on the 23d ult., arrived here at 5.30 a.m. She brings 121 passengers and 395,000 dollars in specie. She landed 100 sacks of mails and seven passengers, and proceeded at 6 a.na. All well. She made the passage in 81 days. General Rosecranz has been defeated, and com pelled to retreat to Chattanooga, after two days' fighting, by Gen. Bragg, who had been heavily reinforced by Lee, Beauregard, and Joe Johnstone. Gold, 40. The details of General Rosecranz's defeat are meagre. The following is an account of the first d a y's battle. On the morning of the 19th the Con federates attacked General Rosecranz near Chicka- ma nga Creek. A fierce musketry engagement en sued, the wooded nature of the ground preventing t he use of artillery. Early in the engagement the Confederates captured five guns of the celebrated Loomas battery. Fierce fighting continued till 2 o'clock in the afternoon, when the Federal centre Was pushed, broken, and retreated in disorder, pur sued by the Confederates, who were, however, a fterwards checked and driven back. The Confederates then drove General Davis's division back with heavy loss, capturing every gu❑ of the Bth Indiana Regiment. Davis, however, succeeded in rallying his forces, and retook his guns. General Reynolds' division Buffered severely, but maintained its position. Palmer's division lost two guns. Van Cleve's division lost ground, and did not regain its position. A general fight continued until long after dark. At its termination both armies are said to have occupied the same ground as at the commencement. The Federals captured ten guns and lost seven. NEW YORK, SEPT. 22 (Morning). The New York World asserts that information has reached New Orleans that the French had occupied Matamoras with 5,000 troops. A collision is expected to take place at the mouth of the Rio Grande between the French and Federal gunboats on matters connected with cotton and supplies for the Confederates. Cortes, the Governor of Sonora, has arrived at Washington. It is rumoured that his object is to establish a Mexican alliance with the Federal Government. The New York Herald says :—" It is reported that Vice• President Stephens has gone to Europe with an offer to cede Texas to France it return for French assistance to the Confederate Government. NEW YORK, SEPT. 23 (Morning). (Per the Scotid.) The following are the details of the battle, fought on the 20th day of September, be tween Rosecranz and Bragg :—The engagement commenced late on the morning of the 20th. Soon afterwards General Thomas, holding the Federal left, called for reinforcements, and at noon was com pelled to retreat. The second line of reinforce ments, with 111‘Cook's corps, which was on the right and intended as a reserve, was sent to rein• force Thomas, Van Cleve holding the front centre, and Crittenden's corps were also or dered to the l e ft, th e ir pl aces being f i lle d by Davis and Sheridan, who had hardly formed in line before the Coufederate line buret upon the Federal centre. This lasted twenty minutes, when Van Cleve, on Thomas's right, gave way. Sheridan and Davis's corps broke in disorder, borne down by Bishop Polk's corps. Negley's and Van Cleve's divisions rallied and held their places on the right and left of Thomas's corps. Davis and Sheridan late in the day rallied 8,000 men and joined Thomas, who, being cut off from the right, took up an independent position, when he was reinforced by two divisions, and maintained a stubborn fight till after dark, retiring at night to Rossville, where he received orders to join Rose cranz, who was concentrating at Chattanooga. It is reported that the Confederates engaged Thomas again on the 21st, and it was doubtful if he could reach Chattanooga that night. There were indications on the night of the 21st that the Con , federates contemplated a demonstration on another part of Rosecranz's line. Bragg's army is variously estimated at from 70,000 to 06,000 strong. The Federal loss in killed, Wounded, and prisoners is estimated at 12,000 men. 1,300 Confederate prisoners have been sent to Nashville, Intercepted Southern despatches state that General Bragg engaged General Rosecranz on the 19th and 20th, capturing 20 guns and 500 prisoners. General Burnside is moving to reinforce Rose cranz. 300 of Burnside's troops were surrounded on the 9th near Knoxville. News has been received from Charleston to the 20th September. It is reported that the Monitors were unable to pass up to C harleston . Th e er ection of Federal batteries in F ort Gregg an d Cumming's Point was proceeding slowly, on account of the C annoyance from the -enfederate batteries which fired every 20 minutes, The Confederates were reported to be repairing Fort Sumter. General Lee's and each other on the R a pid an. —Meade's armies are confronting Mor© frosts have damaged the Kentucky tobacco crops. Gold, 37k. Considerable anxiety, if not in Washington at th e a larm, is expressed Washington states th at Southern Confederacy b— y France. A letter from probable recognition of the the Emperor Napoleon consented to form an alliance with the Confede rates and assist them to establish their independ ence as early as December last, provided they would yield Texas to Prance. The Confederates objected to the condition s , thinking that peace with the Federal States could be more cheaply obtained. The mission of Vice-p res id e nt Stephens, under taken in July last, was, it is asserted, a last attempt to secure a compromise before accepting the Emperor's terms. His failure to obtain an audi ence with President Lincoln decided the Govern ment at Richmond to despatch Mr. Stephens to Paris, with full powers to negotiate with the Em peror. Though the statement is disbelieved, as to the price of recognition, an impression prevails that the recognition itself has been finally determined upon. A fugitive white man, recently arrived here from the Southern States, reports that Richmond is in a most perfect condition of defence; that 100 guns cover the approach to the city by the river alone ; that sufficient wheat, corn, and beef for the use of the Confederates has been produced during the year, and that luxuries only are deficient. He adds that the citizens of Charleston are fully determined to destroy their city rather than surrender it, and that everything is in readiness for the application of the torch, in case it should be found necessary to abandon it. Letters from New Orleans of the 11th state that a great fight had taken place between the 2d divi sion of the expedition under General Herron, and a large Confederate force near Morganz3, south of the mouth of the Red River, in which it was be lieved that General Herron had been defeated. The third column, under General Washburne, met with no better success, and had been unable to advance into the interior, from the want of gunboats to pro tect his crossing of Berwick's Bay. Deserters from the Army of the Potomac daily suffer the penalty of death for their violation of the Articles of War. Seven of these unfortunates were shot on Friday last. Considerable alarm is felt for the safety of General Burnside, who, it is thought, will be intercepted in his perilous march from Knoxville. Of 1,127 men draughted in.the City of Hartford only four have gone to the army, and of them two are negroes. It begins to be admitted in Ministerial circles in Washington that the Conscription Act is a failure, and that more men and of a superior class were obtained at less expense under the Volunteer system. A recent case under the Conscription Act excites much interest. Mr. S. L. Crocker, of Boston, son of an ex-member of Congress and brother-in-law of Gen. Couch, having been draughted, presented a substitute whom the Provost Marshal refused to accept. Mr. Crocker appealed to the authorities at Washington, but the decision of the Provost Marshal was sustained, and Mr. Crocker received a second notice to report for duty. Mr. Crocker, failing to comply, was arrested, declared to be an able-bodied man by the Examining Board, and ordered into the service, the decision of the War Department having deprived him of the privilege of paying the com mutation fee or furnishing another substitute. The World of to-day says—" That the decisive campaign of the army assembled in the West should have been brought to this complexion is na light or trivial matter. The causes which have led to such a result demand, and we trust will receive, the most searching investigation. The attempt which has been made at Washington to throw the crushing responsibility of this heavy blow and great discou ragement upon General Burnside, were it even successful, would not liberate the masters and managers of General Burnside from their just public accountability. It was they, or the chief of them, who planned the grand scheme of which Rosecran z was the inadequate performer, and Burnside the constitutional' Marplot.' " The latest intelligence from Charleston is to the 19th inst., at which time the siege had been tem porarily suspended. The Charleston Courier of the 16th states that the Confederate steamer Sumter had been sunk be tween Forts Moultrie and Sumter u few dais pre viously, but does not mention from what cause. The expedition to the Teche country, of which the first division, under General Franklin, met with such a disastrous repulse at Sabine City, was unler taken without the consent of General Banks, the orders for its despatch being issued from Wash ington. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK, SEPT. 22 (Evening). The first news of Gen. Rosecranz's defeat received on Monday last sent gold up to 401, and exchange to 155. They yesterday, however, receded, under the impression that Rosecratz's position was better than the first accounts represented. The closing quotations to•day are—Gold, 378 ; exchange, 1511 ; stocks dull; New York Central, 1368; Illinois, 1231; Erie, 106-Z- ; 5 per Cent. United States Bonds, 95; 6 per Cent, do., 1061. Cotton very firm—Middling upland, 74c. Flour advanced on Monday 30c., and wheat and corn, 4c. to 7c., but declined yesterday; flour losing 15e., and wheat and corn, lc. to 3c. of the advance. The markets for these articles are now dull. Provisions, good inquiry. Coffee and molasses steady. Sugar advancing. Petroleum, crude, steady, at 361 to 371 c.; refined, good en quiry, at 53 to 59c. CANADA. A vote of want of confidence in the Government has been defeated in the Canadian Parliament by a majority of two. JAPAN. NEW YORK, SEPT. 22 (Morning). Advices from Kanagawa to the 10th state that the British fleet had sailed for the western shores to punish the Dsimios. FRANCE. PARIS, OCT. 2. Their Majesties wilt return to St. Cloud on the sth or 6th . of October. The Empress will return by sea. THE PONTIFICAL STATES. ROME, OcT. 1. The public Consistory was occupied this morn ng in the beatification of Queen Christina of Naples. _ The Pope's secret Consistory afterwards appointed four bishops for Spain, one for Portugal, and three in partibus. EGYPT. THE INUNDATION OF THE NILE. ALEXANDRIA, OCT. 1. The inundation of the Nile now covers 4,000 hectares of land and five kilometres of the railway. The Government is taking precautions against further disasters, and the army is employed to watch the dykes. ERRATUM.—The lines quoted in our second leader yesterday, exquisite household words with us all, as they are, it hardly requires to be said, are from the "De serted Village" of Oliver Goldsmith, not lima the pen of the Ayrshire Ploughman. MR. ROBERT CHAMBERS IS yet far from well. Mrs, Chambers died on Tuesday, Sept. 29. A very large demand for monetary accommoda tion has again been experienced in all quarters this morning. At the Bank of England, where the brokers are now resorting for advances on stock in the ensuing half yearly dividends, the business negotiated is veryjarge, and although their borrow ings have been exceedingly heavy, nearly £3,000,000 will be paid on the Bth by the India Council. The lowest rate charged for first class bills in the open market is 4 per cent., but the transactions concluded at this figure represent but a very small number, the principal portion being negotiated at much higher quotations. The tenders for the New Zealand Loan of the Auckland Provincial Government were opened yesterday afternoon at the New Zealand Bank , . The first instalment amounts to £lOO,OOO, and offers were made representing £144,500. The minimum was fixed at 105, which, reckoning £3 for interest already accrued, is reduced to £lO2. £71,750 was tendered for and accepted, at sums ranging from £lO5 to £ll5, the balance unaccepted being £72,780, at prices ranging from par to the minimum. The unallotted portion, £28,250, is t( be placed again on Saturday, when tenders will be received till 12 o'clock. LITERATURE. Our Garden Friends and Foes. By the Rev. J. G. Wood. One vol., pp. 438. Routledge and Co. Perhaps no volume ever appeared more oppor tunely than this guide to Oar Friends and Foes in Garden and Greenhouse. It comes forth in the very midst of the discussions now rife in regard to Bird Murder. It is the work of one known not only as an eminent proficient, but also as a distinguished and recognised authority in regard to the study of Natural History. The rev. author is entitled already to the very notable distinction among naturalists of having done more in his time towards the pupas lancing of the science, towards the familiaris ing of his fellow-countrymen with a knowledge of the fauna and flora of all climates, but more particularly of the fauna and flora of the United Kingdom, than any other individual that could be mentioned. A yet more profound, be cause a far more practised and experienced natu ralist, might of course be recognised in the venerable squire of Walton Hall, that good and gifted Charles Waterton, who has long since taken his place among the greatest masters of the twin studies of zoology and ornithology. But while eminent him self as a cultivator of both those sciences, and while adding to his wide and ripe, to his perpetually widening and ripening, scholarship, both as a zoolo gist and as an ornithologist, an intimacy quite as remarkable in its way with the other branches or divisions of Natural History, with botany and entomology for example, we may pretty confidently repeat in other and more emphatic words, what we have just now remarked in regard to the Rev. S. G. Wood's labours (of love) in popu larizing the study of Natural History, that in that one respect he is at this moment quite unrivalled. Upon the same familiar shelf where stands our well thumbed copy of the Rev. Gilbert White's Natural History of Selborne, we have long had. reason to place side by side with that beloved book, the Rev. J. G. Wood's "Common Objects of the Seashore." Supplementing the great encyclossmdic work of Buffon, comes, we also remark, our author's popular Natural History illustrated. Several other volumes of a less comprehensive ma ture he has besides that issued from the press : and now—as the latest, and certainly also as the most happily timed of all his productions in this way—he gives us this very complete and welcome manual. A manual, it will be found to be, by the aid of which anyone may readily and infallibly distinguish between those creatures swarming around us, whether bird or insect, in our gardens, in our greenhouses, in the very bow-pots in our windows, upon our plots of grass, and in our boxes of mignionette ! Knowing at once, in regard to each and all of them, how it is, they ought in justice and in truth to be regarded and dealt with, namely, whether as Friends or as Foes. How essential some reliable guide in this direc tion, in drawing precisely this very distinc tion, has become, the very controversy already referred to in regard to the Little Birds and their Murderers, has within the last few weeks tended signally and conclusively to demon strate. And here, off-hand, in the very nick of time, as it were, here, in these amusing and in structive pages by the Rev. J. G. Wood, we have the very guide-book, wanted, placed in our hands. It is the first book of the kind, we believe, that has ever yet made its appearance. It is the very first work, that is to say, in which the line of division has been carefullyand systematically drawn, separating, henceforth, the good from the bad, our friends and our foes, among the insect and bird frequenters, or inhabitants, of our Gardens and Greenhouses, Not only has this been done, as we have said, carefully and systematically in the six and-twenty chapters into which this goodly volume of 438 pages will be found subdivided, but—scat tered through the letter-press descriptions of the birds and insects, and with these also a variety of little animals as familiar to the English naturalist as the lizard, the mole, the weazle, and the hedge hog—the author supplies his reader (in reference to each creature as it runs, flies, or creeps upon the page to be mentioned) with effectual and always very simple directions for the encouraging of the Friends, and the extermination of the Foes of our Gardens, our Flowers, and our Fruit. How essen tial these directions and these stores of information upon such homely matters, have become, may only too readily, we 'might add only toe painfully, be illustrated. Take the little titmouse, for ex ample, and observe in the first place how it is re garded (and treated), and in the next place how it ought to be regarded (and treated). Vulgarly it is looked upon as a very pest to the orchard. Flitting hither and thither among the branches of a fruit tree, observed there to be snap ping off the tender buds and twigs, nibbling at them when snapped off, and then scattering them wilfully away upon the ground below, as if in very wantonness of destruction, it is at once looked upon by any ignorant person watching its proceedings as one of the worst foes of the gardener any where to be found in the whole range of ornithology. The truth being all the while that the little tit mouse is just exactly the reverse, is one of the very best of all the feathered friends of that same grumbling gardener! The titmouse keeping down by its proceedings above described those swarms of insects that unless destroyed by some such effectual means must as Mr. Wood expresses it (in no way with over emphasis) "devastate our crops:and wither up our flowers." The singular delusion prevalent in regard to that wonderful little insect called absurdly the Earwig (that name being simply a corruption of Earwing, from the exquisite wing of the insect resembling when spread open fan-wise the outline of the human ear), the extraordinary delu. sion prevalent in regard to the Earwig, prevalent not only in England but far and wide in most of the countries of Continental:Europe, namely, that it can creep into the ear, penetrate to the brain, and drive its wretched victim through unutterable agonies into a delirium of ;madness—this preposterous and ridiculous delusion in regard to the earwig seems of itself to indicate how much information of precisely the kind contained in this bode of Mr. Wood's is really required even among our educated population. As demonstrative of the prevalence of this idle fancy in regard to the earwig not only in this country hut abroad, it is only necessary to re call to mind the fact that while it is designated (from the verbal corruption above mentioned) an Earwig in England, in France it is called Pcrce °reale, in Germany Ohren-wurn, and in Sweden Ohren-wetel. Profusely sprinkled through the work, • aiding the writer considerably even in the instance of his most vivid descriptions, are upwards of two hundred illustrations by' T. W. Wood, by Smith, and by Coleman, many of them, particularly all those presenting to us the effigies of the larval as well as of the perfect forms of the insects men tioned in the work, being of the actual size of life ! 'Whenever the professional gardener or the amateur florist may henceforth be in any doubt whatever as to a discrimination between his Garden Friends and Foes—with this goodly book at hand, his doubts may be at once and quite conclusively dissipated. The caterpillar, the slug, the snail, the woodlouse, the millipede, the grub, the earthworm : here he may learn how best to be rid of them. Frog and newt, gnat and spider, cabbage-fly and rose-hopper, wasp and glowworm —our ant hor will tell him here, promptly and pleasantly, by a very few words, and often by an entertaining anecdote, how each of them ought to be regarded. Bullfinch and goldfinch, thrush and blackbird, wren and starling, owl and robin, sparrow and chaffinch—he tells all about them, the good and the bad quite dispassionately. To the lady in • her conservatory, to the market gardener among his vegetables, to the farmer in his orchard, to the suburban florist emoug his dahlias and carnations, Air. Wood's charming volume will prove at all times end seasone as welcome as flowers in i Tay cr apples in October, TOT rt Ipt . pl6, , Ortuliat HER MAJESTY. BALMORAL, Sept. 30. The Queen went out in the morning with Princess Louise. The Princess Louis of Hesse and Princess Helena rode on horseback. Her Majesty, accompanied by the Princess of Wales, Princess Louis of Hesse, Prince Arthur, and Prince Leopold, drove and walked in the afternoon, Royal Visits to Edinburgh. EDINBVEGII., Thursday Morning. This morning the Crown Prince and Princess of Prussia, with their family and suite, arrived at the Waverley citation here en route to Balmoral, by the night express from London. The public were not generally admitted to the platform. Their Royal Highnesses were received by the Lord Provost and Magistrates, Lord Charles Fitzroy, the Prussian Consul, and several of the railway officials. They proceeded to the Douglas's Hotel, St. Andrew eqitare, where apartments have been engaged for the royal party. A considerable number of people assembled in the streets leading from the station to the hotel. Thursday Evening. The Crown Prince and Princess visited Edin burgh Castle in the forenoon and Holyrood in the afternoon, passing through the principal streets and round the Queen's drive. They leave to-morrow (Friday) for Balmoral at 9 a.m. on a visit to her Majesty. The Prince and Princess of Wales arrived from Balmoral at a quarter to 7, and were welcomed at the station by the Princess Royal and the Crown Prince. The Lord Provost, Magistrates, Sheriff, and General Commanding being also on the plat form. The royal party drove in the same carriage to the Douglas Hotel. To-day the Town Council will present an address to the Prince and Princess of Wales in Holyrood, and the Edinburgh ladies' gift will be presented to the Princess. The ceremony, in accordance with the express desire of their Royal Highnesses, will be strictly private. Their departure is not fixed. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cam bridge and the Princess Mary, attended by Lady Geraldine Somerset and Colonel Home Purves, are expected to leave Rumpenheim on Monday next for London, on their route to Cambridge Cottage, Kew. The Emperor of Austria is still at Ischl, where he intends remaining for about a week longer. His Majesty lately several times went out chamois hunting on the neigh bouring mountains. VISIT OF PRINCE NAPOLEON TO WINDSOR.-- His Imperial Highness Prince Napoleon visited Windsor yesterday. The prince inspected the private apartments of the castle, and also St. George's Chapel. His imperial highness afterwards visited the royal gardens and Frog more grounds, and inspected the mausoleum and royal farm. The Prince and Princess Cronbetzkos and family have arrived at Claridge's Hotel, from the Isle of Wight. The Prince and Princess Guilino and suite have left the Brunswick Hotel, Jermyn-street, for Paris, on their way to Home. His Grand Ducal and her Imperial Highness the Princess William of Baden have left Claridge's Hotel for Germany. The Duke and Dachess of Wellington have arrived at Brighton. The Earl and Countess of Hardwicke arid Lady Agneta Yorke leave Sidney Lodge, near Southampton, on Monday next for town, and a few days afterwards will go to Wimpole Hall, Cambridgeshire. _ _ Lord and Lady Lyndhurst arrived at their resi dence in George-street, Hanover-square, from Tunbridge Wells, on Wednesday last. Lord and Lady Proby have arrived at their residence, Halkin-street West, from the Continent. Lord and Lady Llanover have a large party still at Llanover. Amongst the present guests are Lord SUM ford de Redoliffe and Miss Canning, Lady Blantyre and the Misses Stuart, Lady Catherine and Miss Allen, Lord Taunton and Miss Labouchere, Mr. and the Hon. Mrs. Herbert, of Llanarth, Lord and Lady Wensleydale, Mr, Rae hall, Mr. Dillon, Sat. Viscountess Stormont gave birth to a son on Monday last, at Scone Palace, Perthshire. Count and Countess Bonde of Thorne left 16 Grafton-street, on Thursday last, en route by Dover and Calais, for the Palace of IlOrningsholm, Sweden. General Le Comte and Madame Schensteine and family have returned to the Brunswick Hotel, Jermyn street, from Scotland. Sir F. Graham Moon, Bart., and Lady Moon, have left Portman-square for their marine residence at Brighton. Lady Francis and Miss Gordon have returned to town from Sir Alexander Bannerman'a seat in Aberdeen- shire. DEATH OF LORD SINCLAIR.—The Right Hon. Charles Lord Sinclair died on Wednesday last at Pilmuir, near Torquay, at the advanced age of 95, having been born at Edinburgh in 1768. PROFESSOR WILSON (Christopher North) and ALLAN RAMSAY are each to have a statue in the Prince's street Gardens, Edinburgh, where workmen are already preparing sites for the two memorials. WHAT GOETHE DID FOR " HAMLET."—it is im pressed upon us that nobody understood " Hamlet" until Goethe expounded its meaning. What, then (asks a critic in the Times), was the wonderful discovery which. Goethe made ? He discovered that Hamlet is an irresolute character, and that, having a great deal to do, he does it not I What an enormous mouse I We are to suppose that nobody ever saw this mouse before. It is a huge discovery to tell us that Hamlet is slow to act, and that Laertes is contrast to him is swift to act. We take all this for granted —it lies on the surface; and English critics, not troubling themselves with such a palpable truism, advanced to the further question—ls Hamlet mad or half mad ?Is that irresolution of his the result of a sound or of an unsound mind. When Goethe's truism is thus forced upon us as s. great discovery, we find ourselves in the position of a man who cannot answer a very simple question about something which he knows perfectly well. He may know every nook and corner of his house, and yet be unable to tell offhand how many rooms there are in it. The house agent is supe rior to us in this kind of knowledge, and can tell the exact number of rooms without hesitation. It is this house agent sort of superiority that the German critics display. It is the same sort of superiority as dumb-founded M. Jourdain when he discovered that, without knowing it, he had been. talking prose all his life. CRUIKSHANK'S DISCOVERY ABOUT GHOSTS-- anticipated by Partridge in Fielding'a " Toni Jones I "—As Hotspur himself must admit that any num ber of spirits may now be summoned from the vasty deep, favour a k u v estion(ay of Mr. the London r .Dircs,C.E. le a v n i d ew P ) Howrotessotro dressPepp your ghost ghost ? becomes a matter of pressing importance. We lately noticed an amusing pamphlet by Mr, George Cruik shank, who objects to the common ghost•stories that the ghosts ought never to be dressed at all, since there cannot b e ghosts of clothes. A chapter in "Tom Jones" may be consulted with advantage. Fielding makes his hero take dear simple old Partridge to see Garrick in " Hamlet.'' What man is that in the strange dress ?" asks Partridge. Tom Jones answers, " That is the ghost." To which. Partridge replies with a smile, " Persuade me to that, sir, if you can. Though I can't say I ever actually saw a ghost in my life, yet I am certain I should know one, if I saw him, better than that comes to. No, no, sir, ghosts don't appear in such dresses as that, neither." This mistake, the novelist adds, caused much laughter in the neighbOurhood of Partridge. But was not Partridge right? The ghost purported to come from the nether world—the suit of com plete steel in which he was clad Partridge knew must at that moment be in the royal armoury of. Denmark. Thero had been a divorce between the royal Dane and his coat of mail. The ghost of a king, Partridge could imagine----tho ghost of a helmet and corslet, he could not so easily realise. " No, no, sir, ghosts don't appear in such dresses as that, neither." A WOltD FOR OUR SMALL BIRDS.----It is no argument for destroying the birds that they do not rid us of the w orse enemy. We know, by abundant evi. dence,that the t 'mall birds which most frequent our gardens and dwellings do dispose of an infinite number of cater pillars, grubs, flis, , and worms in feeding their young af. well as themselves. That there is still more than they can dispose of is no wonder, considering the destruction of birds which has been going .on now, faster and faster, more and more spitefully, for yea / s p ast. It shoul d b e rememb ere d that the insect increas e hoes on at au a ccelerated tate atter the natural check is once, impaired. The escaped prey of one pair of finches or sparrows or robins, will not only grow up to spoil half-a-dozen vegetables, but will bring forth a progeny which will ruin scores of plants, and leave enough heirs to run through the property of hundreds more. While, therefore, I have wireworms, slugs, larvae of mischievous. moths, Sze-, in my garden, I shall let the birds try what they can do with the mischief which I cer tainly cannot manage in any clumsy human method,-- eilee a Week. gra holi a di secc emu that wit] issu BerN ried Xis gue and tint inst We 15s 52., Ina( Tru per rate tal Hu! 14,1 indi Bat Co x] Ind lac Aug Bra It TTe I\lo