The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-22 00:00:00

TR ROUNDELL PALMER, Q.C. and M.P.- La Vie de Cesar par L. Napoleon—Fashionable Intel] 1 Bence —in FUN this week. One Penny. ALFRED MELLON'S PROMENADE CON - CERTS, Royal Italian Opera, Covent-garden, EVER:3: VENING, at Eight o'clock. MdIIe..CARLOTTA PATTI every evening. Band of 100 performers. On Monday next, M. Lotto, the celebrated Polish Violinist, will make his first appearance. On Tuesday next, a Grand selection from Gounod's Opera FAUST will be performed for the first time. On Thursday next, a Beethoven Night. Admission, One Shilling. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Lesmee, Mr. George Vining under the Management of Mr. Walter Montgomery. TRIS EVENING, THE MERCHANT OF VENICE and NOT A RAD JUDGE. Shylock and Lavater, Ur. Walter Dlontgomery. NEw P THEATRE-I.LO !AL, rop/I,4°r and ManarTer. M?. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, THE IRISH TIGER. Alter which, at Eight o'closk, a new drama, entitled THE 11AIJNTED MAN; Oil, E GHOST'S lIARGAIN, in which will be exhibited Professor Pepper's adaptation of the Great Spectral Illusion. Messrs. J. L. Toole, R. Phillips, efton, C. J. Smith; Mrs. Alfred Mellon and Miss EI. Simms. Followed by a new Burlesque, entitled ILL-TREATED IL TRoVATORE. Is , l(ssrs. Toole, P. Bedford, R. Phillips, 34.1mrne, C. J. Smith, Romer; the Sisters Nelson, Carry and Sara, and 31iss K. Kelly. Commence at 7. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE, Manager, Mr. W. 11. Swanborough. THIS EVENING, BIS FIRST CHAMPAGNE. Mr. Leigh Murray. Followed by (30th time) THE MOTTO, "I'M ALL THERE." Messrs. Honey, Turner, E. Danvers, Collier, Clifton; Mesdames Ada Swanborough, F. Josephs, Maria Simpson, Wallace, ann Jenny White. To conclude with TURN HIM OUT. Mr. Turner, 3Liss Thorne. . _ Commence at 7. rr HE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN , " Containing . the Latest SPORTLNG INTELLIGENCE, Can be had Every Evening of G. R. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, 6h. 40m.—Afternoon, 7h. sm. To-moßnow.-Morning, 7h. 30m.—Afternoon, Bh. sm. The Weather—Sun Office, Aug. 22, 1863. THERMOMETER. This morning This day at Two o'clock .. 76 Barometer-30.02. ; light, and cloudy. + tra LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 22, 1863. Venerable from their very position, for their learning, for their character, the Judges of Eng land are amongst the most hardworked of our public functionaries. Receiving each a salary of less than £4,000 per annum, they toil more labo riously than the unprofessional communityhave any notion of—any notion even faintly approximating to the reality. The popular ignorance as to this excess of labour systematically shouldered on to the venerable judges of the land, is in some mea sure attributable, of course, to the fact that a very considerable part of it is got through in pri vate, in chambers, over desks and across tables, in writing, or dictation, and in viva voce examina tions. But, even then--the enormous pressure of hard work done in public, in open court, in session, at assize, and that, too, hard work of the most com plicated character, work terribly continuous and long sustained, work weighted with the most fear ful responsibility—all this, at least, is glaringly manifest to the public at large ; there is surely none amongst u., not even the least observant, but is, in some degree, conscious of it ! Insomuch has this excessive overtasking of her MAJESTY'S judges become apparent, even to the extent of unprofes sional notoriety, that there has been a talk for some few years past, as to th e necessity of increasing the number of these revered and honoured administra tors of justice. Increased in number they must be eventually. The only questions remaining now to be decided, before that increase is accomplished, being, first of all, as to its extent, and next as to the time advisable in which that increase shall be definitively decided upon. Another conside ration, however, as to the excessive hard work done by the judges has not yet been alluded to—meaning by this, the exquisitely painful) and, but to often, absolutely loathsome and appalling character of the toil they have carefully, minutely, and in all its filthiest details to get through. Crimes of hideous atrocity, vices of despicable meanness, abominations at the mere thought of which even the most hardened felon might be expected to shudder in his conscience, have, when brought into court before the judges, as matter for investigation, there, upon trial, to be investigated, and that not by any means in a superficial manner, but with a painful scrupulosity as to the minutia® of the evidence in every particular, in every circumstance. As distressing an illustration as any that could by possibility be adduced, in testimony of the heart sickening character of the hard work requiring thus to be got through within a single day, before one of her MAJESTY'S judges—we would direct attention to the extent and nature of the grim hard work done only yesterday in the Central Criminal Court before Mr. Justice KEAT ING. Conspicuous among even the venerable brotherhood of the Bench, by his personal charac teristics as a virtuous and accomplished Christian gentleman, Sir HENRY -KEATING had yesterday, in the discharge of his solemn duties, to pass through as distressing an ordeal as we could imagine it would have been possible to oontrive, by way of tor ture, thus, to a pure and gentle heart, to a rc flned and chivalrous nature, and all the l're so to a man more than usually en dowed with an exquisite sensibility of tem perament. It will be sufficient here simply to enumerate very briefly the nature of the crimes brought up for trial yesterday in the Old Court, before jutalc's KEATING. First of all, there was a eh a , ge __ oni Y too clearly brought home to the accused before the trial was done—a charge of rape of singular and midst atrocity, because per petrated in the the poor victim's children. The victim to being :g manifestly as innocent, in regard to this the little children eurren ee , as any one of b be her had this miserable caseside. After en dispo se d o f, t h ere immediately followed one far _more . infamou s i n it s dreadful atrocity—one of those horribly frequent in their c rimes , u cri of late so Perpetrati a where little prattling innocents are dishonoured. - m es Unhappily yesterday, in the lamentable instance before Sir HENRY .KEATING, the fact of the t en d er age of the little victim rendered the child's awn wi o i t ev idence inadmissi ble—necessitatin g a v 1, no t guilty" from the jury, though the j u d ge followed up the delivery of that verdict by reminding the prisoner that he h a d merely escaped conv:ction in consequence of the circumstance that the child, in point of law, w as not capable of being examined. But, added the learned judge, it was impossible for any one who had heard the evidence not to entertain the strongest suspicion that the prisoner was guilty of the offence with which he had been charged ! Afterwards came, successively, two cases of man slaughter, one by a young woman of twenty-four, the other by a young man of twenty-two, both crimes being clearly proved against the accused re spectively, the former being condemned to eight and the latter to twelve months' imprisonment, each with hard labour. Such being the sleigh of vice :Ind criminality yesterday required to be tra versed by the judge,in the discharge of his judicial, duties at the Central Criminal Court—a day's labour at that court which we have here adduced simply by way of illustration. It is impossible to imagine anything more dread ful in its way than the detai given of vivisection as at present pursued at Paris. The constant prat• tice of such operations renders the indifferent callous, and makes the unwilling accustomed to sights and sounds of horror that seem scarcely credible. The French Academy of Medicine have now taken up the subject, apropos to a report sent to the Government, which is a step in the right direction. Such atrocities must be put a stop to. No enlightened statesmen and no humane nation ctin tolerate their perpetuation. The French papers have, to their honour, taken up the subject, and they will doubtless succeed eventually in their praiseworthy undertaking. In the meantime it is necessary that the sad details should be made as public as possible, in order that every available in terest and influence be enlisted to aid the good work of putting a summary stop to such proceedings. All dogs are sacrificed that these experimentalists can lay their hands upon, and one informant states that a short time since some very valuable sporting dogs fell a prey to these barbarities. To add to the horrors of the affair the School of Medicine is situated in the same square as the Hospital des Cliniques, and it may be imagined what a martyr dom the poor patients undergo. When a dog is not killed by one operation he is put back in the kennel in his agony to await further torture. "There the unhappy creatures, already torn by the scalpel, howl until the next day in tones rendered hoarse and faint by another previous operation intended to deprive them of voice." It is not surprising to hear that one woman, who was very ill, hurried away in the night, unable to endure the horror of the mournful sounds any longer, and that veteran nurses relinquish their employment. In proof of the veracity of this astounding statement, a letter is quoted, addressed to M. HUSON, Director-General of Hospitals, written by an eminent medical prac titioner, in which the sufferings of the sick from their proximity to the tortured animals is com mented on. In this epistle the writer invokes the assistance of M. HUSON to aid in putting a stop to these proceedings, so inimical to the interests of the patients, and which militate so strongly against their recovery. " These dogs," he says, " cry and howl night and day, notwithstanding the preliminary operation performed on them with the view of ren dering them mute. Will you, whose solicitude 'or the sick is so great, join your complaints to ours, in order that we may obtain trom the competent authorities that henceforward no more dogs shall he taken to the Practical School ? Assuredly it will not be said that, for the sanguinary and useless exhibitions of a course which serves only to expose the state of science, the repose of a whole hospital, and that of twenty neighbouring houses, is to be disturbed." For the sake of these unfortunate sick persons, it is to be hoped that a different arrange ment will be speedily come to, but for the sake of common decency, and for the credit of civilisation, it is necessary that the practice referred to be stopped at once and for ever. It cannot stand under the storm of indignant remonstrance which is sure to follow an exposition of facts. The general sen timent of the nation is against it, and now that the authorities are taking up the matter, such facts will be brought to light as will be certain to lead to its final destruction. It is really astonishing to notice how per sons will persist to palliate the practice of vivisec tion. It is idle to talk of the necessity of pursuing this course in the interests of science, it is an insult to a noble profession to state that its fundamental principles are based on brutality and supported by revolting atrocities. It is very easy to lay down arbitrary rules, but it is another thing to prove the truth of these assertions. No one has yet satisfac- torily shown how putting these poor creatures to such excruciating tortures can at all facilitate the proper course of studies in which the members of the medical profession have to perfect themselves, The man who can sit by unmoved while a lecture is delivered on a living animal put to dreadful suf ferings, for the purpose of imaginary investigations, is rendered unfit for his profession. Such sights must tend to demoralise, and it is false to assert that any knowledge could justify their exhibition. It would be well if, instead of arguing in a circle these advocates of barbarous torments, would take to heart a simple rule, the wisdom of which outweighs the dogmas of schools, and the tenets of sages. "It is not lawful to do evil that good may come of it." The consequence of this principle acted upon would be the extinction of a practice that is abhorent to the feelings of all humane persons, and in direct viola tion of the laws of the CREATOR, who gave the lower races for the use of man, and not for the abuse, to serve as instruments for his passions, his greed, or his vanity. In his wonderful composition of the " Ancient Mariner," COLERIDGE has touchingly illustrated a beautiful idea in these lines—. "He prayeth best who loveth best All things both great and small, For the great GOD who loveth us He made and loveth all." iNfost of us are acquainted with th e express i on of COWPER—" I would not enter on my list of friends the man who needlessly sets foot upon a worm," and it would be well if more adopted the practice as well as subscribed to the theory. No great or good qualities can co-exist with cruelty. The best and wisest men have ever be en t h e most conside rate towards those dumb creatures who have so many claims upon oar consideratio n , an d in general so well our care. It is in di rect antagonism with ther e p l ay laws of nature, so perf ec t i n unison, so beautiful in symmetry, to set out with the asser tion that torture and cruelty that one shudders to hear of, are needful and right to discover the means of curing diseases and ministering to suffering humanity. In the "Negro's Complaint" h e i s made to say to his tormentors— "Prove that you have human feelings, Ere you proudly question ours." And the same remark might be made when the conduct of the King of DAHOMEY is called to ac count. He, a barbarian, follows the customs of his country, and doubtless would alter his ways had he half the knowledge that is showered on our path, sitting in the flood-light of these younger days of the world's improvements. The civilised nations exclaim against such barbarity, such cruelty, and brutality; but while " vivisection" disgraces civilised countries silence on this score would be the most fitting and appropriate conduct. The French EMPEII.Oit is all powerful N e a rof the ol dr:e f Pwerful in the influence which he exer c i ses i n th e social s ca l e, and it is to b e trusted that he will lend his puissant a i d, and accord his mighty assistance to the w or k now in hand of gcd putti ng reaso n a stop fearful practi ce . There is tsotphintko that s these hopes will not prove f has alreadyo meu desire for his Majesty sty mercy, evincederey, v quainted with the workings The quality isario.us system, th e mighty, and becomes th e throned in monarch b e tter than his crown. It will, certainly, bc a boon rules, to bestow on the peope over who m he who of t t ° become ac. stand in the foremcst placa among the civilised nations of the wora, to intiet that nc , more in their c , ~;. capital shall such abominations exist. The grati tude of all elevated minds will be his tribute in this noble undertaking, while the just rebuke admi nistered to the upholders of the system will be at once a warning to those of lesser consequence who follow the custom, and a reproach to all who tacitly uphold it. Some may call it a trifle one way or the other ; but there is nothing so degrading to human nature as cruelty, and whatever tends to foster that growth must militate against its approach to its highest development, and produce most deleterious effects. IThere is no question that vast sources of wealth exist undiscovered or undeveloped in our colonies. Australia had been colonised a good many years before the gold diggings attracted thither all wan dering soldiers of fortune, and affected the calcula tions of financiers and political economists all through the civilised world. It was not surprising that the same precious metal should be found to exist in the neighbouring colony of New Zealand so that a fresh interest is added to those islands and the continual war with the Maories is likely to lose its importance. The goldfields of Otago, however, are not the oniy gift of nature to New Zealand, in deed it may be questioned whether they are the most valuable. A very interesting communication has just been made by a gentleman who was lately a resident in the colony respecting the native flax which grows in great abundance and perfection. This plant (Phornium Tenax) is, he tells us, to be found in almost every district growing iu such luxuriance that thousands of acres of beautiful fibre are left to rot in the ground for want of cutting and gathering. If cut the plant will bear three fresh shoots in the year. It grows from six to twelve feet, and each acre of land may be calcu lated to produce from six to ten tons. This sur prising quantity of material is not of indifferent quality. The writer of the account in question, who has himself inspected the plant and studied its qualities, asserts that paper made from it is supe rior to any other; while he suggests that a large portion of it might be employed in the manufacture of cordage, sail-cloth, and similar fabrics. It is surely worth while for our manufacturers to ascer tain whether this abundant supply of raw material ready to hand cannot be turned to some account in giving employment to our idle mill hands, and in providing a substitute for cotton cloth, the dearness and scarcity of which is so generally deplored. It is not the first time that reference has been made to this plant, although no steps have as yet been taken towards profiting by it; but the statement now given by a gentleman who took some pains to exa mine into the facts of the case, and to verify them by personal inspection is so clearand conclusive, that we should hope some experiment would be made before long. We are all acquainted with the valuable proper ties of flax, and should the quality of this southern plant at all equal the description given of it, it would certainly be a useful addition to our stock of raw material, even in times of prosperity, but in the present season of dearth it would be of inesti mable benefit. The mountain flax, which is of a much finer quality than that grown in the swampy lands, is more difficult of access, being out of the reach of water carriage, but its superior fibre ren ders it well worth obtaining, and this, the most expensive in its conveyance, could be, we are told, imported into England at a much less cost than Russian hemp, which it greatly exceeds in strength. It is surely desirable that some public spirited capi talist should inquire into this matter, and endeavour to open up a source of employment for thousands of his suffering countrymen, as well as to enrich the markets of his country by the introduction of a new and useful commodity. It would require no great outlay to make the experiment, since neither tilling nor ploughing is required to test the value of the plant. The bountiful hand of nature has sown, it only remains for the enterprising man to reap her gifts, and ascertain what account he can best, turn them to. " There is here," says the informant, "an abundance of good useful material, well fitted for maritime purposes growing to an unlimited extent, which only requires to be cut down into useful and valuable fibre without the cost of rent, taxes manure, or even p 1 oughing the land." It seems strange that in the long-continued depression of the cotton trade so little effort should have been made to obtain a substitute for the desired material even of a temporary nature, The same obstinate adherenoe to American cotton which induced our manufacturers and millowners to neglect every other source of supply in bygone days of plenty, appears to have actuated them since its deprivation, restricting their views and expectations to the reopening of the old ports. Yet we can hardly doubt that the opportune reminder of the large quantity of raw material "wasting its sweetness on the desert air" of New Zealand, will induce some energetic manufacturer to ascertain by practical experience of its qualities ho 9? far this New Zealand flax is capable of filling the void, left by the suspension of American cotton and whether it will not serve at least as a tem porary resource to keep our mills going and our Lancashire population off the rates. Half a loaf is better than no bread; it is better to manufacture flax than for the mills to stand idle and the popula tion to go to the parish for support. It is better to work at paper making or rope making than to sit idle, dependent on casual help in waiting for the resuscitation of the old trade, and certainly a good many persons of the less wealthy classes will think it preferable to obtain linen cheap than to buy calico dear. There may possibly be obstacles or drawbaoks in the way, but at all events the subject is worth inquiry. The colony is our own, and in spite of the Maoris the investigation can be made with little cost or labour, and should it prove suc cessful it will be of the greatest practical service alike to the mother country and to the young and promising colony. BULWER AND L. E. L.—Ono of the latest biogra eiars E dwarddistinctions Eui we are re Lytton—ever that e phers of th e charming poeteste, L. E. L., has least rec ently remarked—" I wonde r if th a t great novelist, whose looksisabiro backward netand on asenator— sthat marriage party, of which he formed a unit, when, on the 7th of June, 1838 , he gave away Miss Landon' at St. Mary's Bryanstone-square, t o M r. Maclean. Doubtless it is to , him ono of those memories, both bright and yet tinged with sadness, which most of us have to look back to, and for which we feel all the better if all the sadder." MADLLE. TIETJENS is now in Paris, and will make her debut at the Grand Opera before the end of the mouth in Valentina. BOTTESINI, the well-known double bass player , is conductor of the orchestra at the Lyceum, Barcelona. TIIALBERG and GODEFROND (harpist) have been very lately delighting the amateurs of Boulo gne. COST OF VIEWING THE MAIN DRAINAGE VVoßKs.—Cheques have been drawn by the Metro politan l't Board of Works to defray a portion of the expenses incurred by the late trip down the river, to view the outlall works at Crossness-point and Barking-creek, of the follow ing amounts :—Messrs. Robert Clark and Co., £216 ss. 6d.; Messrs. Ind, Coope, and Co., £43 12s. ; and Mr. Charles Burgess, £75 158. 3d. Total, £350 12s. Dd. The remain ing accounts stand over till the meeting of the finance corn mittee.—City Press. PROFESSOR ItENAN'S LIFE OF JESUS.-011 the first Saturday in September, there is to be com menced in Public Opinion an epitome of Professor Renan's extraordinary work, " Vie de Jesus," which will be com piled from the French original, and contain verbatim trans lations of the most interesting passages, to be followed by synopses of the various answers which have appeared is l'rance iq refutgiou of the Om production, THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING4_ AUGUST 22, 1,363.? LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) SPAIN., MADRID, AUG. 22. Several German banking houses have offored Spain a loan of 500 million reals, at 6 per cent., to repair the disaster Which has taken place at Ma nilla. DENMARK. COPENHAGEN, AUG, 22. The Dayblabet of to-day says : " The King of the Greeks will soon take his de parture for Athens. His Majesty will arrive in Greece in the latter half of October, after the vote for th© annexation of the lonian Islands by the lonian Parliament. " The King will stay at London 10 days, and a similar time in Paris." The King of Denmark Will preside at the sitting of the Privy Council to-day, to resolve upon the reply to be given by Denmark to the resolution of the Federal Diet of the 9th July. THE CONGRESS AT MALINES. (FROM OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT.) MALINES, AUG. 20. There are a good many things worth noting in a Congress like the present besides what actually takes place in the hall of the meetings. For the gathering of three thousand strangers in such a town as Malines somewhat disturbs its wonted Flemish placidity. It is a fine old town, and a clean one too ; but its accommodation is restricted, and on the f rat daya nearly the whole of those who had come up to take their tickets of admission had to disperse through the cluster of neighbouring towns, such as Brussels, Ghent, Louvain, Antwerp, &c. I put up with two companions at an hotel in Brussels; but we have now progressed, as well as congressed ; an d, th a nks to a Malines acquaint ance, we are se ttl e d i n the city itself in a genuine Flemish inn, where the meals at the table d'hôte, round which clupter a whole band of congressmen, form delightful reunions of men of all countries, considerably amused at the process of being done Flemish. We arrived in :Vannes yesterday morning in time for the first morning séance, which from 10 to half past 12 consisted of the group of five meetings of the sections on religious works, works of charity, Christian art, Christian education, the press, &c. I walked into the hall of the fifth section, i. e., the press, which had been also the day before my point of attr ac ti on, But, as compared with the anima tion of the fi rs t d ay, i t was very qu i e tl y go i ng on under th e pres i dency of the veteran o f the C at h o l ic press in B e l g i um, M. Armand Neut. The question treated was th at of pet i t i on i ng f or th e re fo r m of the state of the law which prevents the right of asso ciation, grant e d b y the 20th ar ticle of the Belgian Constitutio n , f rom hav i ng i ts f u ll f or ce. Some op posed any move in that direct i on as b e i ng too gene ral) end affecting commercial interests rather than religious ones; but in the end it wa s res olved on, as the be s t means of secur i ng by su pp or t ing gene ral ri g ht s those of religious communit i es an d other property for religious purposes from the vexatious and wasting interference of Government officials. It was also resolved, after a very short discussion, to farm a central committee in Belgium to keep up an international correspondence with committees in other countries for all matters relating to the works which occupy the attention of the Congress. At three o'clock in the afternoon the members met in general assembly in the great ball of the Petit Seminaire, the Minister of State, Count de Then; taking the chair as vice-president. The two Car dinal Archbishops of Malines and of Westminster, and the various bishops and prelates, were present. The proceedings began by a report on the Pius Verein, or Society o f Pi us I X. , w hi c h ever since 1848 h as organised annua l congresses of Catholics in va r i ous towns of Ger many , s o as to be the model of the The report society no w cons tit u ting itself in Belgium. was read in French by Here L in den, secre tary of the German Pius Verein, and described the progress made year after year by the society, an d its drawing to its meetings, first the Swiss, who began in 1857 to hold a congress of their own; and, finally, the Belgians, who are now doing the same. The President of the Swiss Pius Verein, C ount a kind of poem-speech, haili ng the Sherer, then came forward, and truly electrified th e assembly by and giving expression by way of Swiss Verein, Congress iu the name of the 127 sections of th e salutation to three truths, as he said by way of tele grams. "We are brothers," he exclaimed, " because, though we h a ve not the same fatherl an d, we have the same Mother , the Catholic Church, and we want to be united— Volutions !" He th en announced that the sixth meeting of the Swiss Verei n would take place during the followi ng wee k , on the 26th and 27th inst., at the Monastery at Eisledein. He spoke of th e possibility, therefore, of some of the persons pr esent contri buting still more to cement Catholic un i on for good worksby of their presence a t Ei s l e d ein, and alluded to the power Catholic a ssoc i at i on as making the word a impossible " not C a th o li c, except in the of op position to ev il and wrong, when the head and front of Catholi c it y uttered the Non Possunztcs. As for the child ren o f the Church their union led to the second t e l egram of the Swiss Verein —.Possums! Taki ng t h en the illustration of h instance a i l country, countries by avhic the h overflowing water of its rivers,srr w u n n h d s e i m salltheg great u surrounding Rhine, the Rh one, and the Ticino, because g i n waters of it s glaciers are not stationary. s io o t the virgin He spoke of the Catholic family, the most ancient in Europe, as able by its agitation to water all na tions with the waters of Catholic spirit, and ended by summing up his three telegrams as, " Volumus! Possumus ! Fiat ! Amen.e This was the model address of that day. A report on the Catholic University of Louvain was read in a very low tone by one of its youngest professors, a M. Dasfosses ; and from a rather long statement, not very distinct, we were enabled, however, to gather the interesting facts that, daring its 30 years of existence, the pre sent university had educated 18,262 students, while its Anglo-American college during a few years' existence, has sent forth from its walls 23 mis sionary priests. A young avocat, of the name of Verspeyen, then addressed the meeting on the St. Peter's pence orga nisation, and described in a most interesting and eloquent manner the progress of that organisation, and its success noc on ly i n Bel gium, but in Poland, Ireland, and Italy itself. He told, with great effect, the story of the Polish peasant who came on foot from his village to Rome to console the Holy Father, as he naively sad, and bring him the Peter's Pence of his neighbours " in twenty-five new florins," which the Piedmontese robbed him of; " but they cannot rob you of our hearts, Holy Father !" added he ; and the Pope blessed in him the people of Poland, and his blessing will boar its fruit. Alluding next to Ireland, the speaker told of the £B,OOO gathered in one day in Dublin for the Holy Father, and of the blood of its children having been shed for him at Spoleto, Perugia, Ancona, and Castelfidardo. He called also attention to the immense sum and con tributions of jewels gathered in Turin by the exer tions of the editor of the Armonia, and he proposed that the Congress should proclaim that the Abbate Margotti had well deserved of Catholics. I cannot follow the young orator further than to say that he delighted his audience by describing the religions spirit which animates the youth of Belgium, as proved by t h e numbers wh i c h went f orth to defend the cause of th e P ope , an d w h o are st i ll engaged in his servi ce . The Viscomte de Melun then read, in a mono tonous tone, hi s re port o n th e part of the second section of the Cong ress, on chari table works an d the freedom of making be quests for the support of such works. The general meeting was suspended at about a quarter past five, and resumed its proceedings at a• quarter past six as a public meeting, at which le,dies and other persons paying 4 small contribu- tion to the expenses of the Congress were admitted. This part of the proceedings is devoted exclusively to the addresses of the various orators of distinction who have consented to entertain the Congress with their eloquent demonstrations of the various ques tions of interest now being agitated, and the first speaker, a Belgian, the Vicomte de Kerckhove, formerly Minister Plenipotentiary at Constantinople, led off worthily the list of brilliant speakers with a speech on the duties and hopes of Catholics. He was followed by a young avocat of the name of Woeste, who gave us a rather eloquent but rather useless sketch of the history of the Church, under the heading of "The Struggles and Triumphs of the Cuurch." His allusions to the present state of politics, which came at the end of his speech, were the most interesting part of it, The proceedings of the day concluded with a most interesting address of M, Adolphe Dechamps, Minister of State, on the triple object of the Congress —namely, " Union, Publicity, and Liberty." One of the most interesting parts of the Congress, is the gathering in the great courtyard of the Petit Seminarie during the intervals of the sittings, when the mass of 3,000 visitors can meet as on 'Change, and form groups of acquaintances, old and new, of the most international kind. Thus, besides meeting former friends from Syria, Italy, and France, as well as Belgium and Switzerland, I am acquiring daily new friends from Holland, Germany, and Portugal. I find, besides, England, very numerously repre sented by bishops, priests, and laymen, among whom figure Monsignor Manning, the Rev. Dr. Vaughan, and Father Bede Vaughan, 0.5.8., Wegg Prosser, Esq., the Rev. Dr. Clifford, Charles Audley, Esq,, &c. We are in the pleasant expec tation of listening, to-day, to the celebrated Count de Montalcmbert ; while his Eminence, Cardinal Wiseman, is to speak to-morrow. The town, mean while, is keeping up a week's festival, in honour of the dedication of its church of Notre Dame d'Hans wyck ; and to-day, if the weather permits it, we are to witness the defile of a grand cavalcade, repre senting religious subjects, and including in its ranks children and young men belonging to the first families of the town. FRANCE. THE REPLIES OF THE THREE POWERS TO RUSSIA. PARIS, AUG. 22. The Courser du Dinzanche of to-day believes itself able to guarantee that the Notes of the three Po Hers contain an identical conclusion, couched in the following terms : "One imperious duty now remains to be ful filled by the Government. This is to call the most serious attention of Prince Gortschakoff to the gravity of the situation, and the responsibility it imposes upon Russia. "Austria, France, and England have pointed out the urgency of putting an end to a deplorable con dition of af f airs, filled with peril to Europe. They have indicated the means which it appears to them their duty to be employed to attain this end. If Russia does not do all that depends upon her to realise the moderate and conciliatory intentions of the three Powers, if she does not enter upon the course indicated by their friendly counsels, she will become responsible for the serious consequences which the prolongation of disorder in Poland may bring about.' BOURSE, Aug. 21.—Stock has been offered, and prices have receded. Threes, for the Account, are now at 67f. 70e. The Railway Share Market is heavy, and many of the lines lower. The market closed as follows per Cents. 96 65 Do. end 3 per Cents Do. end month 67 55 Credit Mobilier 1103 75 Do. end month 1102 50 Bank Shares 3380 -- Italian Loan 72 75 Do. end month 72 55 DTe w ditto oo Do..end month.... 72 75 Russian Austrian Spanish Threes. n Home Debt . . 51 25 Credit F oucier ....1275 RA ILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans lO2O 25 .. 1022 50 Northern .... New ditto Lyons and AleditGrranean 1028 75 .. 1027 50 Geneva 493 75 .. 492 50 Southern Western Eastern Sardinian Austrian ion-hard North of Spain Saragossa .. 685 .. 681 25 Ditto to Barcelona .... 35 5 • • AMERICA. (REUTER'S EXPRESS.) The following is President Lincoln's reply to the letter of Governor Seymour, of New York, concern ing the draft. WASHINGTON, Aug. 7. His Excellency Horatio Seymour, Governor of New York, Albany, N.Y.:— " Your communication of the 3d instant, has been received and attentively considered. I cannot con sent to suspend the draft in New York, as you re quest, because among other reasons, time is too im portant. By the figures you send, which I presume are correct, the twelve districts represented fall in two classes of eight and four respectively. " The disparity of the quotas for the draft, in these two classes is certainly very striking, being r the difference between an average of 2,200 in one class, and 4,864 in the other. Assuming that the districts are equal one to another in entire popula tion, as required by the plan on which they were made, this disparity is such as to require attention. Much of it, however, I suppose, will be accounted for by the fact that so many more persons fit for soldiers are in the city than are in the country, who have too recently arrived from other parts of the United States, and from Europe, to be either in cluded in the census of 1860, or to have voted in 1862. Still, makibg due allowance for this, lam yet unwilling w stand upon it as an entirely suffi cient explanation of the great disparity. I shall direct the draft to proceed in all the districts, drawing, however, at first from each of the four districts—to wit :—the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth—only 2,200 being the average quota of the other class. After this drawing, these four districts, and also 17th and 29th, shall be care fully re-enrolled; and, if you please, agents of yours may witness every step of the process. Any defi ciency which may appear by the new enrolment will be supplied by a special draft for that object, allowing due credit for volunteers who may be ob tained from districts respectively during the inter val ; and, at all points, so far as consistent with practical convenience, due credit shall be given for volunteers, and your Exc e ll ency shall be the time fixed for commencing a draft notified of in each die trict. " I do not object to abide a decision of the United States Supreme Court, or of the judges thereof, on the constitutionality of the draft law. In fact, I should be willing to facilitate the obtaining of it ; but I cannot consent to lose the time while it is being obtained. We are contending with an enemy who, as 1 un d erstand, drives every able-bodied man he can reach into his ranks, very much as a butcher drives bullocks into a slaughter pen —no tuna is wasted, no argument is used. This produces an army which will soon turn upon our victorioua soldiers already in the field, if they shall not be sustained by recruits as they should be. It produces an army with a rapidity not to be matched on our side, if we first waste time to re experiment with the volunteer system, already deemed by Congress, and palpably, in fact, so far exhausted to be inadequate; and then more time to obtain a Court decision as to whether a law is con stitutional which requires a part of those net now in the service to go to the aid of those who are already in it; and still more time to determine with absolute certainty that we are to get those who are to go in the precisely legal proportion to those who are not to go. My purpose is to be in my action just and constitutional, and yet practical, in per forming the important duty with which I am charged, of maintaining the unify and the free principles of our common country.—Your obedient servant, "A. LINCOLN." The Washington correspondent of the New York, Herald writes as follows concerning the relations of Russia with the Federal Government : " The receipt of advices from abroad by the Arabia has set the occupant of the White House and the head of the State Department in a flutter. Most singular rumours are prevailing here with reference to a complication of the United States with the imbroglio now prevailing in Europe touching the affairs of Russia with Poland. Confe rences have been held between Mr. Seward and the President concerning the matter, and in the inner circles of the Republican leaders there is a very unusual ferment. "It would appear, from all that can be learned by entsiders, that Minister Plenipotentiary Extraordi nary Cassius M. Clay has been making for himself a very extensive chapter in the history of European politics, end that, with his usual indiscretion, be has managed to embroil the United States in the troubles between Russia and the Western Powers. The secret of the remarkable change of base of Prince Gortschakoff, from a tone of peace to one of war, was brought about, it is understood, by no less a person than our eccentric and hot-headed Minister in Russia. It will be remembered that in all the early diplomatic papers touching the troubles of Poland and Russia, the tone of the Rus sian Government was eminently peaceful and con ciliatory. In answer to the several representations from Austria, France, and England respecting the inviolability of the Treaties of 1815, the Foreign Minister of Russia condescended to explain matters to the Western Powers, and to defend the conduct of his Government by argument. The joint note of the three great Powers produced a very different effect, and the recent reply of Prince Gortschakoff shows that Russia contemplates the possibility of a war with equanimity. The puzzle was, what created this change of feeling; and it now appears, if the reports that reach Washington may be relied upon, that it was no less a person than Minister Clay who has entered into a treaty—so the rumours go on to say—with Russia, offensive and defensive, assuring her that, in the event of the Western Powers de claring war against her, the United States would declare against England and France. Russians were aware from their own ministers in this country, and from the tone of our public press, that the utmost irritation existed in the United States against France, on account of the desire of Napoleon to re cognise the South, and because of the conquest of Mexico; and against England On account of the sympathy that nation had felt for the insurgents, and the aid and comfort it had given them in the war in arms, and especially in ships to prey upon American commerce. With these facts patent to the Russian Government, it was compelled to credit the announcements of Minister Clay that the American people only wanted opportunity to de clare war against England and France, especially if there was a fair prospect that the rebellion would be quelled. Hence tha courage of Gortschakoff and the Russian Government. O❑ land Russia has very little to fear from the Western Powers, partly on account of the inaccessibility of its more important' cities and seats of power, but mainly because its armies, since the result of the Crimea campaign, have been remodelled and regenerated and are expected now to be able to vie in discipline and valour with even the best troops of France. By an alliance with the United States Russia hopes to be able to humilitate England en the high seas, as well as seriously to damage the growing maritime power of France. In short, the Russians on the strength of the representation of Minister Clay, hope to be able to create a fire in the rear of England and France which they little dream of. Hence the boldness of tone and the gauge of battle which has been thrown down by Prince Gortschakoff in the recent reply to the note of the great Powers. "There is another reason which has decided Russia in the course she has taken. The winter season is approaching, and before war could be declared and fleets prepared the Baltic would be inaccessible to the English on account of the cold and ice. As for the Black Sea, there is no commerce there which could be broken up to injure Russia which would not injure England still more—to wit, the great wheat crops of Southern Russia, which are now the mainstay for the breadstuffs for France and England. "One of the s reasons, it ;s said, why Clay has urged upon the Russian Government to take the course it has done, is that a war between Russia and the Western Powers will be popular in America, from the experience of 1854 and 1855, when the stop page of the Russian grain trade caused an im mense exportation of grain from the United States and enriched our western farmers beyond measure. Russia, therefore, had every reason to believe that Clay was authorised in the treaty, or rather under standing, which he was anxious to secure between himself, on the part of the United States, and Gortschakoff, on the part of the Russian Govern ment. " Of course this news has set Washington agog, at least such circles as are enrapt with the State De partment and the White House. There are those who believe that Mr. Seward has had a finger in the pie. He is not the man to forget an enemy. It will be remembered that Mr. Seward strongly urged the appointment of Clay to Russia in the very teeth of the fact that Clay had the impudence and indiscretion to publish a letter in a New York paper strongly censuring Mr. Seward for his diplo. matic correspondence, and complaining that Mr. Seward had given too much of his own correspon dence and too little of his (Clay's) to the public. In the face of this Mr. Seward urged his appointment upon the Senate. It is believed by some here that the position that Clay has taken, while not exactly recommended or approved by the State Depart ment, has been winked at by Mr. Seward, partly with the hope of paying off Clay for his contemp tuous letter by the excitement his objectionable course will create, and partly to seriously embroil France and England with Russia, so as to prevent England from the talked of interference in our affairs. If this is true, it will show most dexterous management on the part of our Secretary of State. If he shall have succeeded in creating war between Russia and France and England by such an instru ment as Cassius M. Clay, it will be a stroke of statecraft and finesse worthy of a Machiavelli. "Of course the future of our Government is very clear. There will be no war with England and France at present, unless the rebellion should im mediately collapse, and the temptation be afforded for our President to pay off old scores with those nations. The pro'nability is, if the war is finished by Christmas, that by the coming spring our people will be tempted to try the virtue of the new iron clads, and which should not be built without a prac tical test of their capacities. The Puritan, Dic tator, and Dunderberg, and the other large vessels of our ironclad fleet, ought to have a chance with the Warrior and Gloire, and unless the people here are very much mistaken in the sentiments of the country at large, the temptation fora war with England or Franco, or both combined, will be too strong to be resisted before many years are over. In the event of a war between Russia and the Western Powers, and in case our Government should not feel strong enough to contest the supremacy of the seas with those great naval nations, the course of President Lincoln is clear. It would be to recall Clay, and disavow the proceeding which he is said to have assented to." SINGULAR AND FATAL ACCIDENT AT FLAMBRo% —On Monday, a young man in the employ of tilr. Harrington, of the North Star Inn, Flambro', went to a field to catch and bring up a horse. Not returning in pro per tame search was made, and he was discovered dead in a recumbent position, having his feet in a ditch of water, with a large quantity of blood near him. The deceased had a cancer of a dangerous kind on his lip, and for its cure he had some time previously been partially operated on, but owing to the peculiar n ature of the cancer t he knife could not be used from fear of the patient bleeding to death. It is suppoSed that the horse had hit his lip with its head, and finding blood flowing rapidly from his lip, and know: ing the danger attending it, he had hastened to the water in the ditch to stop the bleeding or wash lvs face, and soon died of exhaustion. The man's name was George Dob.ton. e wag yetis of ,L;I:,,—.1o(($ Mrcurp‘ e -', k Dual ,),EN HER MAJESTY. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) BERLIN, Aug. 22. Her Majesty Queen Victoria will proceed to Pots dam for a few days in consequence of an invitation received from the Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Prussia. FOREIGN COURTS, PARIS, August 20. King Leopold and the Royal Family of Belgium have returned to Ostend from Brussels. The most satisfactory accounts of the heath of the Sovereign Pontiff have been received. His Holiness was present in great pomp at the mass of the 15th, the fete of the Assumption of the I-loly Virgin, and, according to custom, gave his solemn benediction to the people. On entering and leaving the church, the Pope was hailed with the most en thusiastic acclamations. Cardinal Antonelli is at Palo, for the purpose of sea bathing. The health of his eminence has been seriously impaired during the last five or six months. The Duke de Illorny has returned to Trouville, where he intends remaining until he goes to preside over the council-general of the Puy de Dome. The Duke do Gramont, French Ambassador at Vienna, has arrived in Paris. During his absence from the Austrian capital his place will be filled by the Count de Mosbourg, as Chargé d'Affaires. The King of Saxony having accepted the mission of conveying the wishes of the Congress of Princes to the King of Prussia, has proceeded to Baden to see the King, and to deliver to him the project or Federal reform as proposed by Austria, as well as the invitation of the Sovereigns. The reply of the King of Prussia is not yet known. COPENHAGEN, Aug. 18. _ _ Prince Amadeus of Italy, non of King Victor Emmanuel, arrived at Copenhagen, on Sunday, by the Royal Norwegian mail steamer. The young prince was received on landing by Captain Barden fleth, aide-de-camp to the King, and by one of his Majesty's gentlemen in waiting. A suite of apart ments had been prepared in the Christiansborg Palace for the reception of the Prince, but as rooms had been taken previously for him at the Planeniz Hotel, his Royal Highness proceeded thither. The Prince was received by the King yesterday, and to morrow a grand dinner is to be given in honour the royal visitor at the Fredensborg Palace. THE EMPEROR will return to-morrow to St• Cloud, whence his Majesty will proceed to Biarritz in September. PRINCE NAPOLEON has returned to Paris from his excursion in Switzerland. Prince George of Saxony and the Princess of Saxony and suite have left Farrance's Hotel for Brussels. The Prince and Princess William of Baden have left Claridge's Hotel for Torquay. Field-Marshal Prince Bariatinsky has arrived at Claride's Motel from Scotland. The Duke of Beaufort arrived in town yesterday from Troy House, one of his Grace's seats in Wales. The Duke of Devonshire and Lady Louisa Caven dish arrived at Bolton Abbey, Yorkshire, early in the week from Holkar Hall, near Milnethorpo. The Marchioness Townshend and Lady Audrey Townshend, arrived at 31, Dover-street, yesterday, ironi Ball's Park, Herts. The Earl of Coventry is expected daily at Groom° Court, his seat in Worcestershire, from visiting the Duke and Duchess of Richmond at Gordon Castle, near Focha bars, N.B. The noble earl intends to entertain a large party at his counlry seat during the ensuing week. The Countess (Frances) Waldegiave and Mr. Chichester Fortescue, M.P., leave town to-day for Harp tree Court, Somersetshire. Lord and Lady Lindsay and family, who have been staying with the Earl of Crawford and Balcarres at Haigh Hall, Wigan, left there in the early part of the week for their seat in Aberdeenshire. Baron de Croixmot has arrived at Claridge's Hotel from Paris. The Right Hon. Sir John Pakington, M.P., and Lady Pakington intend to prolong their sojourn in Ger many until the end of next month. Sir Philip de Grey Egerton, M.P., and Lady Egerton have arrived within the last few days at the hon. baronet's shooting box in Inverness-shire for grouse shoot ing. Sir Philip will return south in the middle of next month, in order to attend the annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science at Newcastle. General Sir George Brown, G.C.8., arrived in town on Monday from Paris, and to-day will leave for Dublin to resume his military duties as commander-in chief. Colonel Poulett G. H. Somerset, M.P., and 1 " . Somerset, leave town today for Malta, by way of Mar seilles. Mr. R. S. Holford, M.P., and Mrs. Holford, wb° returned from Vichi a few days ago, have since gone to the hon. member's shooting quarters in the north of Scotland. The Late Mr. Joshua Field. With the deepest regret we announce the death of Mr. Joshua Field, F.R.S., of the firm of IVlauds" lay and Field, engineers. Mr. Field expired at his residence, Balham Hill, on the morning of the 11th inst., the immediate cause of his death being dropsy supervening on an attack of gout, his illness ex tending altogether over a period of four months. The deceased gentleman was in the 77th year of his age, and up to the commencement of the disease which has terminated so unfortunately ho possessed in the fullest degree all his powers of mind and body. His death is too recent to enable us to give as yet as full a sketch of Mr. Field's life as we could wish• Of such men data exist and facts are known which lie dormant and almost forgotten, until time brings them to light. The Institution of Civil Engineers owes its existence to six young men—H. It. Palmer, Joshua Field, William Maudslay, J. Jones, C. CoHinge, and James Ashwell—wh o f ounded it in 1817 . Mr. Field was one of the °calks t vice-presidents, holding that office until Jan, 18,1848, when he was elected president, being the first mechanical engi" neer who filled the chair. The admirable manner in which he fulfilled his responsible duties is too well known to need comment. To Mr. Field, in connection with Mr. Maudslan may be traced, in a great degree, the origin of ocean steam navigation. The engines put by these gentle men on board the Great Western, in March, 1838, were so completely successful that they long served as a model for other builders. On Sunday, April 8, 1838, she started on her first voyage fr om B r i sto l with seven passengers and 50 tons of goods, and reached New York on Monday, April 23, thus ac complishing the 3,000 miles in 13 day s an d 10 hours. Mr. Field was not more respected for his talents as an engineer than loved and esteemed for his amiable qualities and fine disposition. To know him as a man of science was an honour, to be classed bf him (LE a friend was something beside which even honour sank into insignificance. His death has been a blow deeply felt by nearly every member Of the profession. Mr, Field was interred at Norwood Cemetery Tuesday, the 18th inst. The funeral cortege con' sisted of nine mourning coaches, containing the re latives and more immediate friends of the deceased , and 14 pri vate carriages. At the cemetery gate s were assembl e d a cons id era bl e num b er of wor k me e ! principally elderly men, who have been. engaged the Works for a long period. DEPARTURE OF TTIE CHANNEL FLEET F l l ol KIRKWALL,—,.A. correspondent at Kirkwall, writiv g on Tuesday, says:—" The Channel fleet, which has bee n detained for two or three days by thick rainy weathe r '' left Kirkwall Bay to-day between one and two o'clock' They intended proceeding through the Westray Firth to the Atlantic, but after being under steam for several hours they returned to Inganess Bay, on account of the strong tide being against them. The vessels are now anchored . the above-mentioned bay, and it is anticipated that they will work out into the the Atlantic to-morrow," AN ATOM OF A JOKE IN A MOUNTAIN OF A Ca . PLIMENT.---It has been remarked—says (of all paPe rsii : the world of letters) the _Lady's newspaper of to -day-741% ladies have generally a great sear of lightning, and this been superficially ascribed to their natural timidity; but the truth is, that it arises from their consciousness of b41,9S attractive.