The Sun. — London, England, 1864-08-01 00:00:00

Exi 'el iments at Shoeburyness, The milite a . y experimental season at Shoebury may be said 1 obe drawing to a close. Of course, experimental firing will not cease—it never does at Shoebury ; tht 3 Armstrong and Whitworth compe tion, too, is mu .3 to drag its slow length along, till even science its elf grows weary of the endless task of comparing minute shades of range and accu racy at a dist; ante of four miles. These trials are sure to go forward as usual, but the great summer tours e of experiments may be said to be disposed of when the present week's trials are ended. Early on Wednesday next the last of a most important series of experiments with various descriptions of steel shot by 12 differ ent manufacturers will be made against iron plates. On Thursday Professor Pole's target, which closely resembles in all its leading features of construction these on which the French frigate La Gloire is built, will be tested as our own targets are tried. On Friday a floating Warrior target will be anchored cut 2,000 yards off Shoebury, and on this " Big Will," the 600-pounder, will have to prove its ac cuxacy and penetration at that range. No other targets will then remain to be tried till winte r , when the value of Mr Chalmers' system as a pro= tection to forts and embrasures will be tested side by side with an ordinarily-built granite fort covered with armour-plates. This little granite fort has been a long t i me i n course of erection, and we venture to think a great deal of money is being most needlessly thro wn away in facing the surface of the stone with ornamental tooling, which must, of course, be all covered in with the iron armour when completed. As far as the competition with various kinds of steel shot ha s gone , an d there is nothing yet to come which s eems lik e ly t o affect the broa d general results already obtained, —Mr K ru pp's metal has been the best; John Brown and C o .'s shot have been the next best, and close upon Mr Krupp's, and Mr Attwood's have been the next best to Mr Brown's. There has been, however, a wid.3r margin between the performance of Mr. Brown's and Mr Attwood's shots than there has between Mr Brown's and Mr Krupp's. Mr Brown's metal has been very close indeed upon the excel lencies of Mr Krupp, though Mr Krupp's price per ton is, it is stated, nearly double that of Mr Brown's —a difference of cost which is in no way justified by the difference in performance. Mr Brown is supplying his steel shots to the committee at £3O per ton, while the cost of Mr grump's metal is stated at £so—a, difference of nearly 70 per cent. in price, when there is certainly not a difference of 10 per cent. in effectiveness. Judging from what Krupp, Brown, and Attwood have each accom plished, there is no reason to doubt but that the steel of the last-named maker, at even «40 per ton, would be to the full as cheap for this country as Mr. Krupp's at «50. It must also be borne in mind that the manufacture of steel shot has only .just been commenced in this country, and that even daring the last few months it has been improved -with such rapidity as to justify those most expe rienced in the subject in believing that before another twelvemonth has elapsed Mr. Krupp's will in this country be equalled in quality and sur passed in cheapness of production. It will be impos sible, however, to arrive with any degree of certainty at the merits of the various shot till the committee give up their present practice of allowing each com petitor a plate to himself, and then taking as their basis of calculation that each plate is precisely alike in its powers of resistance. Nothing can be wider from the fact than the inference of an uniform standazd of resistance being offered by all the plates alike; for no two of the best plates made by the bEisc firms are ever found under fire at Shoebury to be equal in strength. To have a fair trial of the steel shot, Krupp, Brown, and Attwood should each fire c‘l3 eir projectiles at the same plate, when it could at once be seen which was the best projectile, and whether it is true that the undoubted excellence of Mr. Krupp's metal has in these experiments been aided to a certain extent by his having to fire against a plate which is said to have been more brittle than the rest. In the face of the enormous differences which are known to exist in the resist ance offered by armour-plates of the same thick ness, it seems impossible to arrive at a satisfactory conclusion on this subject till the rival competi tors are made to fire at the same target. One :nporranz, fact, however, has been ascertained by t !nese trials—that even Sin. plates unsupported by backing are insufficient to keep out steel shot vhen fired from the Armstrong breech-loader with rr 10Ib. charge of powder. Though the competition between the Scott, the French, and the Lancaster gun is still going forward and likely to continue for some time, its general results may be summed up 0 van now. The French gun does not shoot well, d blows the studs off its shot before it leaves the muzzle. The grave defect is supposed to arise from their not being properly fitted to the projectile, and partly from the excessive charges (251 b.) used in the gun. Commander Scott's gun has a shade the better of Mr Lancaster's in range, and Mr Lancaster has on the:whole a superiority in accuracy. All three, how ever, are decidedly and undoubtedly inferior in both range and accuracy to either the shunt gun or the Whitworth. This inferiority, therefore, may be said to at once settle the claims of any one of the three to be introduced into the service—not that the trial has therefore been useless; on the contrary, its results have been most valuable as affording additional proof of the immense value and importance of the system of construction of rifled guns which Sir W. Armstrong has introduced—the steel barrel with the welded coils round it. Strange as it may seem to the general public who hear so constantly of the competition of rifled ordnance, it is nevertheless true that nothing has been easier from the first than to get a good system of rifling, and it is just because the difference between the shooting of good guns rifled on different systems is so slight that these competitions are never-ending. The real problem has been to manufacture guns which would bear rifling. Range and accuracy are attainable with almost any good rifled guns—it is their endurance which has to be tried—the wear of their projectile on the rifling, the destructive effects of their shell on men, and their shots on tumour, and, above all, their capacity to fire spherical shot, which must be used on many occasions, as well as the long conical rifled projectile. Daring the past week the trials with the 600. pounder have been continued at 5 deg. elevation with live and blind shell to test the value of diffe rent kinds of fuses, especially those of Sir William Armstrong and Colonel Boxer, with time and per cussion of each. The Boxer shell, which has been designed especially by Colonel Boxer for the Whit worth gun, which until now has b een w ith ou t one of any kind, has apparently some slight want of completeness in its percussion arrangement of fuse. It was this defect, and probably the sometimes un certain ricochet of Mr Whitworth's shot after its first graze, which induced the Armstrong and Whitworth Committee to allow many of the shells with percussion fuse experiments to be made against wooden screens. These screens through which the percussion fuses were fired were of course special novelties which could not, under any Circumstances, be expected in actual warfare, and their use could only be defended on the ground that the full results of Col. Boxer's shell could be obtained in no other manner. At any rate, these trials are not considered so conclusive for service purposes as to warrant the abandonment of a still more extensive series of experiments which are to be made with the Armstrong and Boxer shell te ed fuses. Some of these have been made with the GOO-pounder, which, having to get through its 150 proo f rounds, might as well be used for this purpose as mere ly firing its charge blindly over the sands. It i s i m posei'ole to speak definitely of these as yet leeyond saying th at some matters of sro ail result e detail in Col. Boxer's percussio n arrangements ap.psar t o r eo 'lire the careful adjust ment w hi c h can only b e dt,,,,,-:top?ti and ascertained by practice. There is not the slightest doubt that the same ingenuity and s kill which enabled C o l. B oxer to design this shell will easily enable him, with the knowledge to be derived from this and other artillery practice., to overcome the alight d e . ' frets in its per c ussion fuse. One of Col. Boxer s time-fuse sheils, fitted with his percussion arrange ment, burst in the 600 pounder with 131 b. of powder, and, as might have been expected with P. wrought-iron gun it cut and indented some portions of the barrel more or less. One impression was nearly the size of a florin and almost thrice as thick. Had this wrought-iren gun been lined with a steel barrel, as Sir William wished, it would have made little or no mark at all, and, as it is, the mere fact of a wrought-iron gun bearing the explosion of a shell loaded with 131 b. of powder in its barrel in addition to its firing charge of 701 b., speaks loudly in favour of the strength of this welded principle of construction. The same gun was also fired to test its velocity, and gave almost indenti cal results with those previously obtained from other tests of the same kind. The shot left the muzzle at an average velocity of 1,250 ft. per second, diminishing, as might be ex pected from its enormous weight, very slightly at 500 and 1,000 yards, and alighting on the target at 1,500, with a speed of from 1,090 to 1,085. The deviation from the true line of firing daring these experiments was something marvellously slight. Now that the men have 'got accustomed to this piece its loading is conducted with such rapidity that during a considerable part of one day there was only an interval of al minutes between fire and fire, including all the delays of cleaning, training the carriage, and getting the preciso elevation. The impressions recently taken of this gun's bore show no perceptible increase either in width cr depth of the minute openings in the coils we have before spoken of, except that instead of being all . _ in the direction of the coils, there are indications of their appearing longitudinally. It may and will no doubt be a long time before these affect the durability of the gun, but there can be no question but that when once these insidious fissures make their appearance, it is a mere matter of arithmetic to ascertain how many rounds the gun will stand before the gases find their way through the inner coil and then instantly ruin the piece. That it will fire its 160 proof rounds there is no question, but it is much to be hoped that after this heavy trial is over it may before further expe riments are entered on be returned to Woolwich to be lined with a steel barrel. The Armstrong and Whitworth competition pro per is not expected to be resumed till towards the end of this month. Without at all wishing to de- :ract from the value of the labours of this Commit- tee, we may still venture to express an opinion that no great importance attaches to what remains to do in this long contest. The minds of the Committee must have been long since made up as to the value of each gun as a military weapon ; they now know their endurance, can appreciate their destruc tiveness, estimate the cost of their production, and the facility with which each is likely to be pro duced when urgently wanted. What remains to try may be most valuable as a scientific experiment; it may be interesting to know which gun at four miles drops its shot so many feet more or less to the right or left of the true line of fire, bat beyond illustrating long-range theories by actual practice there is nothing which concerns the character of each gun as a weapon of war that is not already well known. As we have said throughout, the trial has been a delusive one in limiting the size of the competing guns to 70-pounders, which are ad mitted to be too light to be of any effect against armour-plates--the only use for which rithd guns are wanted now. There are several 150-pounders of Sir William's at Shoebury, and there is one of Mr Whitworth's also, which was built on Sir Wil liam's eoil system at Woolwich. If these guns are tried, some really good and definite result may be obtained in return for the very large sum this com petition will cost the public. Unless such trials are made, scientific artillerists will regard a cora petive trial of 70-pounders as of very little worth. Naval and Military Intelligence, The Duke of Cambridge will make a 'personal inspection of the Ist Life Guards, the Royal Horse Guards, and the 12th Lancers this morning at Wormwood Scrubbs. The several regiments will form in review order at half-past nine o'clock. His Royal Highness will be attended by he Inspector-General of Cavalry and a numerous Staff. Major-Gen. Lord Win. Paulot, C. 8., Lieut.. Governor of Portsmouth and general officer in command of the south west military district, will leave Portsmouth this morning for the Royal Military Hospital at Netley, accompanied by his Staff, in order to be present at the ceremony of laying the foundation stone, by the Prince of Wales, of a memo • rial cross in memory of the medical officers who fell in the Crimea. A guard of honour fur the occasion will be fur nished from:the 26th (Cameronian.s) Regiment, in Ports mouth garrison. A general regimental order of the Royal Artillery, pro mulgated. on Saturday, state that the Field Marshal Com manding-in--Chief, in conjunction with the Right Hon. the Secretary of State for India in Council, has directed that an officer of whatever grade who may in future be promoted to a vacancy in a brigade not belonging to the branch of the service to which he originally belonged, in consequence of an officer in the rank above him having, before his promo tion, been permitted to exchange from the old Royal Artil lery to the late Indian Artillery, or vice versa, shall belong to the brigade in which the vacancy actually occurs, and not to the brigade to which he would have fallen had no exchange been sanctioned. With a view, however, to lessen as much as possible the hardships to individual officers who may on promotion be thus compelled against their inclina tion to join a brigade not belonging to their owa branch, his Royal Highness is pleased to direct that no exchange shall be permitted when an officer stands within ten of the top of the list of the rank he m iy hold. The gentleman cadets belonging to the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich are oreit red to be at their posts on Wednesday next, and to resume their studies on the fol lowing day. The Channel squadron, consisting of the screw steamship Edgar, 71, Capt. Geoffry I'. P. Hornby, flag of Rear-Ad miral Sydney C. Dacres, ; the iron ships Warrior, 40, Capt. the lion. Arthur A. Cochrane, and Black Prince, 41, Capt. James F. B. Wainwright, with the ironcased ship Prince Consort, 35, Capt. George C. Willes, C. 8., and the two rams which left Torbay on Friday evening, was in the Channel off Plymouth Sound at 8 o'clock on Saturday morning under steam and canvas; wind, W.S.W., free. The weather then became thick, and the ships commenced firing, which was heard by the fishermen for two hours. The squadron was on its way to Ireland. The gunboat Trin culo, tender to the Edgar, arrived at Devonport on Satur day, short of coal, and will follow the Admiral. The Urgent screw troopship, Capt. S. 11. Henderson, is ordered to be completed for sea by the 15th inst. The Urgent will bring to England one-third of the Guards now in Canada. The remainder will embark for England in the Himalaya. The Wolverene, 21, screw corvette, Capt. Do Horsey, sailed from Spithcad, under canvas, yesterday afternoon for the westward. The Racer, 11, screw corvette, Commander Wray, sailed from Spithoad at noon yesterday for the Mediterranean. The screw steam gun vessel, Philomel, 5, Commander Leveson Wilman, front the west coast of Africa, arrived at Plymouth yesterday afternoon. _ _ The Turkish imperial frigate Estourel,Capt, Hassan Bey, and Relepers Nusrett, Capt. Ahmed Bey, commenced dis charging their guns, shot, and ammunition, on Saturday, in barges at Furfleet, for conveyance to Woolwich Arsenal, to be stored daring the period necessary for their fitment with steam machinery at Blackwell. The two officers in command, who speak English with remarkable fluency, paid an official visit of courtesy on Friday to Commodore Dunlop, superintendent of Woolwich Dockyard. The visit was returned on the following day by Commander Towsey, the newly-appointed officer in command cf the flag-ship Fisgard. Her Majesty's iron steam storeship Dromedary, Master. Commander Alexander Brown, recently returned from the Mediterranean, was on Saturday undocked at Woolwich, having been cleared of an immense collection of barnacles and seaweed, in which her sides and keel were embedded to an almost incredible extent. In spite of the numerous in ventiens guaranteed to remedy the evil, every application has hitherto been ineffectual. The chartered freightship Eastern Princess sailed on Saturday fromWoolwich Arsenal for the Cape of Good Hope, laden with shot, shells, powder, and other war stores. The paddlewheel steam yacht Osborne, 2, Staff Comman der E. If. K. Bower, having filled up with coal, left Ply mouth on Saturday for Pembroke to convey the Lords of the Altuiralty to Ireland. Oa their return thence they will probably inspect the naval establishment at Devonport. The crew of the screw steam corvette Encounter, 14, Capt. Richard Dew, at Devonport, will probably b 3 paid off on Wednesday. Mr Alfred B. Stur dce, Assist Ma ster Shipwright at Malta Dockyard, he, been prom oted and a ppointed to Malta Dock yard as Master Shipwright, vice Mr W. B. R obinson, ap pointed to the Chief Constructors' Staff at the Admiralty. The following- appointments have been made a t th e Ad miralty :—Commander W. S. S. Bridges, Commander W. Spratt, and Commander B. L. Lefroy - , to be Inspecting Commanders of the Coast Guard, vice Commanders J. B. Field, S, S. Skipwith and Palliser. whose period of service has expired—Lint H. S. Chisholme, to command the Flamer, vice Gooch, promoted—Lieut T. K. Hudson, to the Impregnable, additional, for service in the Squirrel, vice . Wright, promoted—Lieut H. Burnaby, to the Blen heim—Lieut Louis Geneste, to the Irresistible— Sub Lieut H. A. Mandeville, to the Clio—and J. B. Bradley, assist paymaster, to the Clio. THE SUN: LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 1, 1864. The Late Volunteer Review, The following correspondence has been sent to us for publication : _ _ _ Horse Guards, July 26. My lord,—Having myself taken command of the volun teers assembled at Wimbledon on Saturday last, I have satisfaction in informing your lordship that the review passed off in a creditable manner. There were between 9,000 and 10,000 men on the ground, including 40 pieces of artillery of various calibre, fairly horsed. The force was divided into two divisions, the one under Major-Gen. Lord F• Paulet, the other under Major-Gen, Rumley. In consequence of the serious accident which had occurred on Thursday last to a man of the Coldstream Guards the medical men in charge of the patient were of opinion that no firing should take place. This seriously in terfered with the effect produced by the movements that were performed previously to the marching past. It, how ever, enabled me to look more critically into the drill of the force on the ground, and I am enabled to state that the orders issued were carried out with great attention and zeal. Battalion and company drill still require much attention, for extended movements can only be executed with success and with good effect when corps are all practised in these rudiments of the profession. There is one point to which I am particularly anxious to draw attention. The corps in general appeared on the ground in reduced numbers on former occasions, and many of them arrived so late that the Second Division was only formed just before it became necessary from the lateness of the hour to commence the marching past. Both these inconve niences must be ascribed, I think to the same cause—the difficulty experienced by the members of the several corps in leaving their ordinary avocations in time to enable them to reach the ground at the hour specified, and the impossi bility for many members of the corps coming out at all. These drawbacks would, I think, be obviated if attendance at the larger gatherings of volunteers by the respective corps were confined to three or four in the course of the sea son. In that case I cannot but think that the members of corps would be enabled to give themselves or to obtain a whole holiday from their ordinary avocations; a larger and more useful field day could then be attempted ; corps would turn out strong, greatly adding to theirappearance on pared e and to the efficiency of their drill, as it must be evident to all who are conversant with military operations that larger companies and strong er battalions always drill and manoeu vre with greater effect and advantage than small bodies of men. Trusting that these remarks may be useful to the future success of the valuable movement which has now assumed so permanent a character, I am, my Lord, yours, GEORGE. To the Right Hon. tha Earl De Grey and Ripon, War-office, July 29. Sir,—l have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your royal highness's letter of the 26th inst. on the subject of the volunteer review at Wimbledon on the 23d inst. In reply, I have to express my satisfaction that this review passed off so creditably, and that the orders issued by your royal highness were carried out with attention and zeal by the various corps present.-1 have the honour to be, Sir, your royal highness's obedient servant, iDE GREY AND RIPON, His Royal Highness the Field Marshal Commanding-in-Chief. and encampment during last week, at Lockinge, near Want age, in close proximity to the seat of the commander of the battalion, Col. Loyd Lindsay, V.C. The meeting com menced on Monday, and the camp presented an interesting and animated scene—and the proceedings lasted nearly the whole week. Ia addition to the competition for prizes,there were battalion drills, athletic sports, amateur theatrical per formances, two grand balls, &c., and Col. Lindsay spared no expanse or trouble to render the meeting successful and pleasant. Quartermaster-Sergeant Clarke (Wallingford) made 52 marks at 200, 500, 600, and 800 yards (which were the ranges selected), and carried off the County Challenge Cup with a purse of £2O, and the bronze medal of the Na tional Life Association—Private J. S. Morland (Abingdon) won a silver cup value £3O, given by the County Associa tion, having scored 50—Corporal Witherington (Reading) gained the Ladies Cup, value £2O, with a score of 49. The handsome prizes offered by the Lord-Lieutenant of Lincolnshire, Lord Aveland, for the best shots, were con tended for on Friday, the 29th ult, at the Spalding butt,by 60 competitors from the several companies forming the 2d battalion of the South Lincolnshire Rifle Corps. First prize a silver bowl, 25 guineas, to Quartermaster-Sergeant Lax ton, sth Stamford Company. Second prize of £5, to Cor poral Wadsley, 18th Company, Falkingham. Third prize of £3, to Sergeant Preston, 13th Company, Spalding. Fourth prize, private Miller, 3d Company, Grantham. more long-sighted wisdom may prevail in both countries and determine the relations they hold to each other. THE " SPECTATOR" ON MR. FREDERICK PEEL AND MR. WILLIAM COBBETT.—Is there a Bourbon among the Treasury clerks, or a Plantagenet hitherto unknown to genealogists, or a claimant for the extinct honours of Aubrey de Vere, "noblest subject in Europe ?" It surely never can be Mr. Frederick Peel, of all men on earth, who drew up, though he has certainly signed, this oddest of little notices, inserted in the Parliamentary return of pensions granted this year : "Mrs. Emma Leaf, £so.—As the widow of Mr J. Leaf, who, though of humble origin, was a contributor of articles of great merit to various journals." The pension is an odd one in itself, for it has not hitherto been customary to make such grants to the widows of journalists, and the precedent is not one the country would like to ace extended. It savours too much of the old relation between the journalist and the minister, the dependent and the patron, which has passed away, let us hope for ever, and suggests doubts whether the contributor of great merit who attacked Lord Palmerston could bequeath his widow to his country with quite as much confi dence as tho contributor of little merit who had defended him. The Premier who gave Poet Close a pension " as a sort of Burns you know" can hardly be implicitly trusted oven to criticise " leaders," would be a better judge of the: merit of a jour nalist's subject than of the literary skill with which the subject was disposed of, might even be inclined to consider the circulation of the jour nal with which his pet contributor was connected as an element in his literary rank, reward every. body on the Adverfiser, the " Protestant flail" in cluded, while leaving people on the Herald to lan guish in hopeless envy. The pension itself, however, may pass, for Mr Leaf was so unknown to fame that he may have had real claims ; it is the wording of the explanation to which we are anxious to call at tention. It is, we think, the first time since the days of Homer that " humble origin" has been officially declared to be a disqualification for literary success—to add anything to the credit which at taches to the possession of brains. It is common enough to remark when a man rises high in life that he was of humble origin, because in such cases the social distance to be covered really increases greatly the exertion required for the race, and con sequently the merit of victory in the strife. When M. Arouet dined with kings his origin added to the credit of the social achievement ; but even a Mont. morency hardly considered " Z tire" more wonder. ful because its author was not born do Voltaire. Sir Robert Peel felt the former truth when he told the House of Commons it was a subject of boast for England that he, the son of a man who had worked at the loom, could stand there as Premier; but origin has not hitherto been considered among the countrymen of Shakspere and Bunyan, Cobbett and Whe well, to include among its drawbacks intel lectual impotence. The idea of the clerk who wrote that sentence, if not of the Peel who passed it with■ out excision, was obviously of this kind—" The articles are very good, and he was only a tradesman's son ; quite wonderful you know ! if he had been a peer's, now, or even a baronet's son, there would have been nothing in it." He seems to have thought that " family," and hereditary wealth and status, besides conferring qualities on their possessor, con ferred also capacities, would, if the Treasury could be logical, argue in the teeth of Professor Owen that the brains of working men's sons must of necessity weigh less than those of the descendants of the idle. This is carrying the aristocratic idea into quite a novel region. Hitherto the believers in rank have been content to claim an inherent capacity for soldier ship,though the bestEoglish general was the descen dant of an Irish exciseman; and governing, though the 'son of the weaver" through life outstripped the Stanle3 - s ; and sitting on thrones, though the son of the Corsican lawyer made of them all a pedestal for his own ; and diplomatic finesse, though the ablest diplomatist we ever had was a little clerk in Henry VIII.'s Court named Paget; and have left such low pursuits as art, and literature, and physi cal science, and national economics to the men " of humble origin," but the concession is to be made no longer. At the Treasury it is believed that origin not only helps a man to govern—that has been its permanent creed for ten centuries—but that it helps him to think, that for a man of no family or means to write contributions of merit is a development so wonderful as to justify national grants to the lusus naturce who accomplished it. One does not expect the Treasury to know much of literature, to be aware that its high priests have belonged indiffe rently to the "blue" and the "gutter" blood, that Scaliger, head of a consular house, a man by whose side even a Bourbon is a naves home, was no greater than Parson, son of a parish clerk; but "a depart ment" might recollect a man who once worried it sorely, one William Cobbett. son of a little country publican, him - self a common soldier, and beyond all comparison or challenge the most effective writer of " leaders' who ever lived—as much beyond Ster- ling as Sterling was beyond Dr, Slop. - We wish he had had the task of commenting on this Treasury return, he would have given its author what the bluest blood does not invariably secure, an immor tality of ridicule. Somebody in the House, let us say the Protectionist who, his ancestors having lived on the same Dutch swamp for a thousand years, is entitled to consider himself mosssgrown, should move for a tabular statement from the Trea sury explaining its ideas about origin in the form of the "Table of precedence among men." Where does " humbh3 origin" begin and end that it should be entered as an accepted definition in a Treasury minute ? Is occupation everything, or will clear descent be admitted as a palliative, and an excep tion drawn in favour of men like the mason who died in Cern wall, last of the Palmeologi, or like Purkis, who lives or did live in the New Forest, and whom Sir Francis Pulgrave believed to be as clearly the descendant of the charcoal-burner who lifted the body of William Rufus as the Queen is of the Conqueror ? How many generations of assured status does it take to enable a man to write a leader good enough for Treasury approval ? Can a black smith's son do it, or ought he to confine himself to reporting, and leave the higher walk say to his third descendant? There is a record existing of a shoemaker's son who translated the Scriptures into forty languages, translated them so well that the worst of all was read out in Peshawar to a crowd of Afghans, who understood ev er y wor d ; was t h at , i n Mr. Peel's judgment, an impertinence ? Ought the learned old man to have waited till his son, a lawyer, we believe not given to Biblical inquiry, could show a brain one remove further from the " last ?" There I are differences of rank among occunations. To people so great as Treasury clerks everybody who earns his bread, from a cobbler t o a chemist, may appear of the same grade, but those incompetent persons do not agree with the clerks, and as they have votes there may be some trouble in settling their compa rative precedence, more especially as the popular feeling is altogether chaotic. A man who had risen far would much rather say " I am the son of a ploughman" than " I am the son of a tailor," yet socially the tailor is uppermost. Is the tailor's son to be permitted to write small paragraphs of news, and the ploughman's only to do penny-a-lining ? That would have been a little hard upon Burns, and even Place, who wrote plays our fathers used to admire, might have kicked at his promotion. Where, too, is printing to stand ? Is it to rank as a handicraft, and only use the scissors ; or as a trade, and condense the murders ; or as a profession, and ascend to short notices, leaders and reviews being kept for the gentry? That will be an anxious point for Lord Palmerston, who knows people as well as things, and won't be much disposed to condemn all printers' sons to the literary kitchen. What is tc be done, too, about a man who sells slate and happens to be of blue blood and ruler of a vast empire, or deals in iron and is one of the few Norman nobles, or has money out of a mercery and is a respected Bishop and theologian? Such people must be allowed to write leaders, but with only one hand and one eye, which would be incona venient. We fear Mr Peel's subordinates have thrown on him a task which will worry him a little, and we would advise him next time he signs a par liamentary paper to read it, and habituate himself when granting a favour to be very careful that its wording does not convey an insult. THE "LANCET" ON THE ACCIDENT AT WIMBLE DON.—We have gather e d th e f o ll ow i ng part i cu l ars of the accident from inquiries among some of those who were present and rendered him assistance. The poor fellow, it seems, w as s t oop i ng, w i t h hi s b ac k to the firing point, at th e ti me o f t h e i n fli c ti on of the injury. The bullet entered his body about two inches from the spine on the left side, between the eighth and the ninth ribs, fracturing the former, and lodged in front about the junction of the fourth costal cartilage with its rib, on the same side, where it was felt by Dr Westmacott imme. diately after the accident firmly wedged. When the wound in the back was explored it was found to admit readily the little finger in a channel which passed upwards as regarded the upright posture of the body, but horizontally, of course. in reference to its position when the wound was inflicted. There was at first a considerable haemorrhag) from the wound, but this speedily ceased. Although the ball immediately after the accident could be distinctly felt at its seat in the front of the thorax, effusion of blood and air in the areolar tissue under the skin speedily raised a large swelling, which completely obscured the situation of the missile. The emphy-. sema spread gradually over the left front of the thorax, invading also the upper part of the right aide, but did not go beyond this. It seems probable that the coagulation of the effused blood prevented any further extravasation of air from the thoraic cavity. Brigl.; arterial frothy blood was spat Ilip frequently by the patient, and this, coupled with the extending emphysema, the amphoric breathing, which could be plainly heard by the ear applied to the chest, and his state of alarming collapse, gave what must be considered unequivocal proof of a wound of the lung. On the other hand, the fact that in the course of a few hours the bloody aruta lessened in quantity and fre quency, and that tle dyspnon although urgent was not excessive, gave reason to hope that the lesion of the lun g was not of a very severe character. A right line drawn from the wound in the back to the place of lodgment of the ball would pass through the thickest part of the left lung and the seat of the largest pulmonary vessels, possibly also through the important vessels about the root of the heart. Now, although it is conceivable that the bullet took this direct course, and yet fortunately avoided the ex tensive injury whbh might seem almost inevitable, it is easier to imagine either that it skirted the wall of the chest internally, or that the lung, by offering little or no resistance, allowing the bullet to slip over its surface generally without traversing it. In either case, however, there seems liltlo doubt that a portion—probably a small one—of the lung was transfixed. The amount of shock was excessive ; the poise was so enfeebled as to be at times inap. preciable, and for an hour or two it was doubtful whether the patient would not rapidly sink and die. Dr. Westmacott, in consultation with several volun teer surgeons who were present, decided, and we think with proper judgment, upon leaving the ball alone. The presence of the bullet in the front wall of the chest had nothing to do with the symptoms under which the patient seemed likely to succumb, and its removal could not, at that time at least, im prove his condition. If it were so superficially placed as to be then got at readily, such an operation could be undertaken at a future time, supposing the man lived, with much less risk of injury to him. If, on the other hand, there was any difficulty to be apprehended in its withdrawal, a period of such momentary peril to his life was an inappropriate one in which to enter upon the task. The times have gone by in which some mysterious influence and power of harm used to be attributed to the presence of a bullet in the body, and when army surgeons would risk everything, including the life of their patient, to an effort for its removal. (Some remarks in a letter recently published in the Times by Staff-surgeon Wyatt, more than in sinuating that the non-removal of the bullet would jeopardize the patient's recovery in the sequel, were unprofessional and totally uncalled for. Mr. Wyatt is entitled to have an opinion of his own, whatever it may be worth, bat he is only degrading himself in the estimation of his professional brethren when he obtrudes that opinion upon the public in an offensive letter.) The patient was placed upon the injured side to allow of the free play of the sound lung, while ice and brandy were administered to him. When the most pressing period of collapse had passed over, chloroform was inhaled with some relief to the agonizing pain in the chest, of which he constantly complained. On the following day he was able to take some beef-tea in addition to other restoratives. The expectoration of blood gradually lessened and some vomiting occurred. His breathing was 44 to 48, and his pulse ranged from 120 to 140 in the minute. On the next day he coughed up some black coagula. The urine being retained, with great spasm of the urethra the catheter was introduced twice. The patient still remains at Wimbledon, and, by our last accounts, no unfavourable symptoms had super vened. Although the risk of fatal haemorrhage may now be said to have ceased, he has still, in all probability, to go through the trying ordeal of localized or general pneumonia with empyrema ; and it need scarcely be said that his condition is a very precarious one, although far from hopeless. On Wednesday morning effusion of blood was found to have taken place into the left side of the thorax, impeding the respiration, and pushing the heart to the right side. This effusion has not apparently increased since Wednesday, and the patient is tolerably free from pain. TILE "LONDON REVIEW" ON BATIIING.—Mr D. Urquhart, the champion of the eastern mode of bathing, whose writings upon the subject induced an Irish physician, Dr. Barter, of Blarney, to erect the first Turkish bath ever seen in Christian Europe, gives an amusing accouet of the comments made by a Turkish lieutenant of a man-nfewar who, whilst smoking, was watching the ablutions of an officer of a British man-of.war, which lay near. "Allah be praised !" he said, taking the amber from his mouth ; " that poor devil wishes to be clean, if he only knew bow. See—how he dabbles, and throws back upon his face and neck the foul, thick, greater, nasty, nasty puddle. And now he rubs down and presses into his skin all that filth with a damp towel, and feels quite satisfied that he is washed and clean. Allah be praised I" But the Turkish bath is only a form or a copy of the old Roman and Grecian hot air bath, and, how charming soever may be its cleansing end restorative powers, the thought of it is by no means agreeable or refreshing in those scorching days: of summer. Far more tempting ere the cold plash of the ocean brine, and that peculiarly fresh and invigorating odour which comes from the open sea. Even as we sit broiling end working, with the yellow atmosphere of London stretching away over our field ot . vision, we fancy a faint scent of the sea breeze comes in at the open window, and intimates that a delightful " header" may be within the range of possibility. Unless cleanliness be ac cepted as a very modern handmaiden of godliness, how are we to judge of the piety of our forefathers ? The luxury of the heathen Romans in their baths and modes of bathing was so offensive and repugnant to Christian morality, propriety, and decency, that studied neglect of the person became a distinguish ing characteristic of those early Christians who set themselves most zealously in pious opposition to Pagan customs. And when we remember that the ancient name of a public bath has come down to our own times as a synonym for a place of the roost infamous resort, we shall cease to wonder at the long and stern contest which Christianity has been forced to wage against a sys tem of deep demoralisation fostered under the sem blance of cleanliness, and at the strange tales of the boastful negligence of washing by even eminent and learned Churchmen, laymen, and ladies of the early and the middle ages. The plain truth is, that with the ancient Romans bathing was resorted to, not for ablution, but for luxury. Those masters of the world, when they abandoned the grim severity of thc'.r republican manners, and adopted the sensual. ism and effeminacy of the Lydians and Sybarites, spent a large part of their time in baths, which they adorned with the most profuse splendour, making them shine with costly marbles and pre cious stones, with silver and with gold. Here they would sit for hours, reading, conversing, receiving friends, and killing time in a hundred ways of which the least objectionable was mere indolence. We have but to read Juvenal to know the corrupt uses to which the system was turned; and there can be no doubt that the vicious indulgences which cloaked themselves under a pretext of salubrity had much to do with the decay and ruin of the vast Roman empire. The strong, hardy, and withal dirty North• men seem to have extinguished the system of hot bathing in which Imperial Rome had so long re velled ; but for some reason or other it survived in the Eastern Empire—probably because that part of Europe was less influenced than the West by the example e of barbarian manners. When the Turks took Constantinople in the fifteenth century, they were as rough, unkempt, and unwashed as any Goth or Hun that ever marched under Alaric or Attila ; but they were not slow in adopting the system of bathing which they found in full existence among the people they had conquered, and it must be added that they were equally quick in assimilating those vices which the supple Greek had preserved through all the changes of government and religion. The Turks became externally clean, and internally, in many cases, foul enough. The exces sive stress which their faith lays upon personal ablutions made them the more ready to adopt a system which they found made to their hands ; and it has thus come to pass that the luxury of bathing has never quitted the shores of the Bosphorus from the days when the rude Thracian first softened his primeval manners to the existing moment. THE " EXAMINER " ON THE AMERICAN WAR,— Here is the old see-saw, the ups and down, the tides of ebb and flow of fortune of war. Each side has its regular turn of series of successes, which are followed by a series of disasters. A few' weeks ago Richmond and Petersburg were thought to be in the grasp of Grant, but presently Washington and Baltimore were much more seriously threatened by the Southerns. It turned out, however, only a runaway knock. The Confederates had something better to do than to capture a capital they could not hold, and accordingly they sacked the country, and carried off a large booty for the supply of all their wants. They went with their hands empty and returned with them full, having given the Federals a lesson of insecurity. There was, probably, a bird in the hand worth two in the bush, and the capture of Washington was not quite so certain, nor the value of the capture, as the value of the booty to be carried off. We expect no decisive results from the tide of Southern fortune. We ex pect only the turn of the tide, and the turn and turn again, at least for many a weary, waste• ful, and bloody day. The best signs of the exhaus tion which must be the euthacasia of this detestable struggle are the shameful shifts to which the Federals have rec ourse to en li st f ore i gne rs. It must be their poverty i n men, consents to exp e di ents so and d onti n cl o r t el t l hr ye:awSill,that consents kidnap ping, druggi ng, pretences. tat and deceiving by false Lord Edwa r d H owar d h as . re ndered a most timely and valuable service in exposing the vile tricks by which poor follows are tre panned into the Federal service, Some are actually stolen to serve in the war whose boast is anti-sla. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, THE "SATURDAY REVIEW" ON THE HOLY ALLIANCE.—The fictitious letters which appeared in the Morning Post, and which purported to un fold the designs of the great Powers of Eastern Europe to form a Holy Alliance for the good order ing of public affairs and the general subjugation of democracy and liberalism, afforded exactly the ex cuse that was needed to bring the danger which threatens Europe to the notice of the English Par liament. These letters were evidently not written by the persons to whom they were attributed, but they were as evidently the production of some one perfectly acquainted with what is going on in Euro pean politics. It was because they were fictitious that Lord Stratford de Redeliffe could elicit an expression of Ministerial opinion, without obliging the Government to utter a direct menace ; and it was because they were the exponents of actual facts that he could attribute to them sufficient im portance to make it natural that Lord Russell should formally notice the main subject to which they referred. There can be no doubt that recent events have drawn the three Powers of Eastern Europe more closely together, and that the main bond of union is the necessity which they all con ceive themselves to be under of sternly repressing the elements of disunion and disaffection. Russia has to keep the Poles down; Prussia has to damp the energies and crush the hopes of liberal Ger many ; Austria has to tighten, if possible, her pre carious hold on Hungary and Venetia. A couple of years ago, it seemed as if each of these Powers was about to enter on a new path. The Emperor Alexander was engaged in his great experiment of freeing the serfs, and had begun a serious attempt to govern Poland through the Poles. In Prussia the Parliament seemed determined to win its way to constitutional freedom; and Austria ap peared to be patiently labouring to realise her great idea of a central representative assembly for all her provinces. But the Ethiopian cannot wash himself white all at once, and a despotic Power, that has robbed and plundered and slain for generations in support of authority, cannot make itself free by a mere stroke of a pen. These Eastern Powers have been brought face to face with the rising tide of free nationalities, and they fuel that they cannot bear the shock. They must crush or be crushed. They may be credited with a reluctance to appeal to the sword, and to quench all the pro mise of advancing improvement in that large part of Europe which they hold in their hands. The hesi tation of Austria with regard to Poland shows that she more especially dreads the consequences of throwing herself into the arms of the reactionary party. She naturally shrinks from the sad neces sity of always waging the same tacit, deadly con flict with dependencies at her gates. Bat circum stances are, as she thinks, too strong for her. She cannot do es she would; for her existence is so arti ficial that Venalia is necessary to it, and in order to retain Venetia she must hold herself aloof from everything that is liberal in Europe. [t is possible that Russia, and it is probable that Prussia, may help her to retain Venetia, provided she is docile, and aids her supporters to carry out their favourite projects. The increased severity of Austria to the poor Poles, and the timidity with which she appears to be ready to abandon her position in Germany, are the signs of what she is wiiling to do arid suf fer if only Venetia is secured to her. Lord Russell proved from history that a Holy Alliance was an anachronism, and must necessarily fail. He spoke to an English audience, free from all pen:onal recol lections of the miseries which the last Holy Alli- ante caused, and very glad to hear that bad things always fall to pieces without good persons stirring their fingers. But there are many persons on the Continent whose estimate of recent Euro- pean history can scarcely be so rosy, In Italy, for instance, the old Holy Alliance put forth its strength. An Austrian force marched through the kingdom of Naples, and quenched out all the hopes of liberty with steel and fire. Lord Russell says that this was wholly futile, and that the end of it all is that Naples is a part oifree Italy. If there is one thing more than another that must make the blood boil of those who have actually suffered under Continental tyranny, it must be this Rosa Matilda philosophy of outside !sistolians. The new Holy Alliance is sure to fail because the old failed after forty years of success. During those forty years a whole generation of Italians lived and died. They were born under a system of cruel, bigoted slavery. They passed their life in despair, or in that servile acquiescence which is more de grading than despair itself. They were ruled with the iron rod of Bombe, and were netted down in the thick meshes of a jubilant priesthood. Brave men wasted their lives in the filthy dungeons of Naples or the long death of the hulks, or were blessed with a speedy though bloody end, because they tried to undo the work which the Holy Alli ance, under the sanction of historical philosophy, had been pleased to carry out. Able men had to lead a hopeless, indolent, mean life, because all avenues to distinction and to honest work were closed. Mothers, who could remember that, when they were girls, Italians had dreamt of freedom, were condemned to see their boys growing up ina nimate, puerile, sheepish, and dastardly. And during all this time a philosopher like Lord Russell would have explained to them that nothing of all they endured mattered in the least, because the views of the Holy Alliance were essentially erroneous. At last, it is true that the fabric which how was this effected ? Not by the triumph of the Holy Alliance had raised up was shatter ed ; but paper principles and the bloodless flow of dogmatic plati tudes, but by sheer hard fighting. It was because men gave their lives at Magenta and Solferino, be cause Garibaldi and his followers ran one of the most tremendous risks that were ever faced by human audacity, that the work of the Holy Alliance was upset. And even now that the old tyranny has seemed to pass away, it has left behind it a mourn ful legacy of bigotry, cowardice, anarchy, and fame. ticism. The Holy Alliance is a thing not to be philosophised over, but to be resisted ; and if it were pressed much further than at present, if a clear case of quarrel arose, and if a fair promise of effecting a tangible and permanent good were field eut, there is not the slightest reason to suppose that the Eng lish nation would refuse to do its duty, or would shrink from playing a great part in a just fight against Continental despotism. It is in every way satisfactory that the first effect of the new Holy Alliance —or, to speak more accurately, of the new cohesion of the Eastern Powers—against what they consider to be the aggressors of freedom, has been to draw tighter the bonds of friendship between England and France. We have owned with the utmost frankness that we cannot do much on the Continent unless France is with us. We were obliged, it is alleged, to desert Denmark because France would not help us to make war. But France has shown herself equally powerless without Eng land. The Emperor has not occupied a very shining position during the last six months. He has seen matters of moment arranged at his very doors without his being consulted. His pique at Lord Russell's letter may have been justifiable, but it led him into an isolation which ha s p aral y sed France quite as much as his alienation from us has crippled England. In one sense, it is true, that the influence of this country remains what it was before the blunders of Lord Russell. Foreigners like Count Bismark may have learnt to despise the blustering of English Secretaries so long as England stands alone, and the cause of dispute is obscured with serious doubts as to its j uetice ; but Euro p e has probably as great a respect for England and France united as it ever had. There are many reasons why the union should not be very intimate, and, so long as the conduct of other Powers is in offensive, we cannot help remembering that France has many projeee which we ought not to encourage, and that the triumph of France is apt in these days to mean nothing more than the triumph of Imps rialiens. But still, when the despotism of Eastern Europe begins to parade itself in all its horrible nakedness, we feel at once how much nearer we are to France in sympathies and aims than we are to tyranny that crushes Poland and Venetia; and France, with all its faults and shortcomings, ap pears to be our surest and most natural ally. Bye_ ;ones may now be bygones, and we ma y permit ourselves to forget that Lord Russell has meddled and muddled, and that the Empero r has indulged far too long in the petty luxury of a pique. For the future, we may hope that calmer time and a The Volunteers, The 4th Tower Hamlets, which formerly formed an ad ministrative battalion with the 6th Tower Hamlets, has so strongly recruited its ranks as to be entitled to a separate staff, and it is now made a distinct battalion under Lieut,- Colonel De La Rue. A large drill ground has been pur chased for the use of the corps by the honorary colonel, Sir H. De Hoghton, and the presentation of prizes by inhabi tants for good shooting has been the means of encouraging the members to practise before the target, for which facili ties are offered by the acquisition of butts at BrentwLod and Tottenham. The 6th Tower Hamlets, under Lieut.-Col. Money, has also lately had large additions made to the regiment, and the presentation of a handsome silver cup, value 100 guineas, by the inhabitants of the district, through the instrumen tality of Mr F. Till and Mr J. Bacon, has induced a very large proportion of the regiment to class and make them selves otherwise efficient, in order to be qualified to compete for this prize, which is to be the winner's absolute property. The cup is about three feet in height, and contains about 120 oz. of sterling silver. The Finsbury Ride Corps (39th Middlesex) was lately in spected by Col. M'Murdo, who expressed himself as pleased with the manner in whichtheregiment,which is commanded by Lieut.-Col. Penton, acquitted itself on this occasion. The muster rolls show a steady increase of members since the Government grant, through which the coat of joining the regiment is much lowered, The watchmakers and other manufacturers of the neighbourhood in which the head quarters of the regiment are situated have acted very libe rally towards the volunteers by presenting valuable articles for competition, and the ladies have presented a cup, valued at £3O, for the same purpose. The priza competition of the 9th (West) Middlesex Rifles which opened on Thursday at the Wormwood Serubbs butt, was concluded on Saturday. The chief winners of the bat talion prizes were Sergeant Garner, Private Cormack, and Sergeant Baker. The regimental challenge cup was won by Sergeant Garner. Sergeant Gray won the officers' aad ser geants' prize of £lO, given by Messrs. Snelgrove and Mar shall, and Corporal Prosser won the rank and file prize of £lO given by the sant e firm. Lieut. Marriner, Private Witte, and Private Bass were also winners of prizes at different ranges. The engineering inspection of the Ist Middlesex Engineer Volunteers took place on the 25th ult., under the superin tendence of Colonel Isl'Murdo and Colonel Erskine. It con sisted first of the trial of some new small infantry pontoons which the members of the corps had made under the direc tion of the inventor, Captain Fuwke, R.E.. The trial of these took place on the ornamental water of the Horticultural Society's gardens, and proved their efficiency. The earth works were next inspected, and these consisted of a sunken gun and mortar battery, together with a single sap leading to a series of rifle pits on a neighbouring eminence. The battery (which was revetted with sand bags and laid with platforms, &c.) was separated from the sap by a sunken roadway, over which, as a medium of communication, the corps had thrown over a trestle bridge. Other members of the corps were, besides those engaged on the works, occu pied in tracing batteries, making gabions, fascines, &c• The rifle pits consisted of single pits and also of a chain. After the inspection the officers of the corps entertained Colonel M'Murdo and Colonel Erskine at dinner at Willis's Rooms; the honorary colonel, Sir John Burgoyne, being unavoid ably absent from London. On Saturday an encampment formed by the Ist Norfolk administrative battalion of Volunteers in Gunton-park, at the invitation of Colonel Lord Suffield, was broken up. It was formed on Wednesday afternoon, so that the Volunteers were three days under canvas. The troops assembled were the Holt company, Ensign Wilkinson and 20 men ; Cromer, Lieutenant Cramer and 11 men ; Dereham, Lieutenant Freeman, Ensign Barwell, and 42 men; North Walsham and Statham, Lieutenant M. Shepheard, Ensign Shepheard and 77 men; Downhaun Captain Reed, Lieutenant Bracken bury and 35 men; Aylsham, Captain Scott, Ensign Lombe, and 50 men ; Fakenham, Lieutenant Palmer and 15 men ; Holkham, Lieutenant Blythe and 35 men; Reepham, Lieut. C. Wodehouse, Ensign Parmeter, and 23 men. Be sides these corps the Ist Norfolk Light Horse, under she command of Captain J. Hay Gurney, accepted the invita• Lion of Lord Suffield and arrived with the rest of the troops on Wednesday evening, Their strength was four officers, 1 sergt. major, 3 sergeants, 6 corporals, 1 trumpeter, 12 bandsmen, and 40 men. The battalion was commanded by Colonel Lord Suffield, seconded by Major Holloway, and the adjutant, Captain Bellairs. The chief event of the three days for which the Volunteers.were encamped was a review by Captain Ibbetson. This took place on Friday afternoon ; the troops marched past about 4 p.m., and afterwards en gaged in a sham fight. Colonel Ibbetson, who was accom panied, of course unofficially, by Lieut.-General Windham, C. 8., complimented the troops at the close of the manoeuvres upon the manner in which they had comported themselves. The volunteers then proceeded to dinner, which was pro vided at the expense of Colonel Lord Suffield, who was sup ported by Lady Suffield and a party of friends. After a few toasts had been given and responded to Lord and Lady Suffield and tho assembled troops and visitors adjourned to a " camp fire" in the Wimbledon fashion, where songs were sung, interspersed with performances by the band of the first Norfolk Light Horse. It was midnight before the camp fire was suffered to die out. Drill and shooting for prizes formed the staple occupation of the encampments. The principal prize was a silver cup, offered by Lord Suffield for the best shot at 200 and 503 yards. Government rifles to be used, and five shots to be fired at each range. After a well•sustained competition this contest was decided in favour of Private Richardson, of the Fakenham Corps, who scored 31, added hits and points together. Some other prizes were also awarded, and some good practice was made. Tents wore procured from the War Department, and these were fixed in a double row in the same part of the park as was -devoted to the purpose last year. Near the tents accommodation was provided in the shape of lava tories, &0., and not far from the observatory were the tents in which the officers were to mess, and where the public might obtain refreshments. These tents were erected in the form of a square, one side of which consisted of a very large marquee, reserved for the use of the men, and capable of affording accommodation for 500 or 600 persons. The tent appropriated to the use of the public was 120 ft. in length. Another tent of large dimen sions was used as a larder, and there was a separate tent for the officers' mess. At 6 o'clock each morning the reveille was Bounded, and the camp then presented a busy scene. The men turned out as the roll was called by the sergeants, and halt an hour afterwards they were briskly employed in putting their tents to rights, turning out their blankets and palliasses, and raising the canvass for the admission of fresh air. At 7 o'clock came breakfast, then came drill and shooting—while some some of the men engaged in cricket and other amusements. The weather was dry and fine, but rather sultry and oppressive. The volunteers of Berke held their annual prize meeting very—others are tempted by wages nominal Ip. high to go out as labourers, and are turned ad rif to t on their landing with no resource f or bread but enlist. The want of men argued by these s h arying means of obtaining them, seems to us to i nd tote the beginning of the end. To beg, borrow, or steal . from . Europe will no longer be possible, the being exposed; and when the war can no long e r carried on by the intervention of foreign levics a peace must of necessity be patched up on wh . t.t terms may be obtainable. We use the word foveig,n, del leits intervention advisedly, for foreign intervention, so h a ughtily disallowed by the Federals, exists in ti to most degrading shape in the foreign ha nds hired cr impressed to fight a domestic quarrel. And thee 0 are the people who bawl out that they W ll ' sett e their differences amongst themselves, and W° Buffer no , strangers to have any part in t heir quo rels. "Yet they began by accepting the services 0f the French Princes, sued for the aid of Garibaldi, and have sustained the war by swindling the poor Irish into becoming food for powder. We b° P ° Lord . Edward Howard has put an end to ttis elf!, is cot. :Let it be clearly understood that the dollar another word for eighteenpence English, and the temptation to crossing the Atlantic vaniks4oB. COUNTRY MARKETS. LEI C E STE R—SATURDAY. A fair show of wheat, and prices is per qr d ec lines P° fa 9 ir last week's rates. Barley meagre, and met with inquiry at late rates. Beans scarce, but in good reques.l',. —New white wheat, 45s to Lls ; red, 40s to 46s per 3u stone. Old red, 38s to 42s per 36 stone. Barley, Int:L tr f,' new, 32s to 34s per qr.; grinding, 27s to 30s; 01a, 0 n 5 ;, - ;' 24s to 295; new oats, 22s to 25s per 24 stone. Joe'' — ' old, 40s to 43s per 38 stone ; flour, 30s to 36s per 20 stout). GRANTHAM—SATURDAY. An average show of wheat, which met a declin e of I S per qr. Barley at about late rates. Oats were scarce , ' 4ll s sully maintained their value. Beans in fav our of seller: —Old white wheat,',46B to 48s ; red, 3 7s to 42s per 36st. , new white, 46s to 498 ; red, 4 3 s to 46 5. Ma ltin g 33s to 36s per qr ; grinding, 28 s to 30 s ; oats, 0 1d, 240 7 268; new, 22s to24s; beans, 37s to 42 5; peas , 38s to 400. barleYs NOTTINGIIAM—SA.TURDAT. A moderate show of wheat to-day, with a slow deman d: at is per qr decline on late prices. Barley limited in 0 11 3: ply, and late prices were supported. Oats met a tolerim"." trade at fall prices. Beans were rather higher in v 1 ,1 32,. —White wheat, from 48s to 548; red wheat, 41s to Barley—malting, 30s to 378 ; grinding, 29s to 30s. 04 .;'1 old, at 24s to 30s Od; new, 19s to 258. Beans sold at o's ) to 42s per qr. ; new, 35s to 388. Flour, fine, 31s to 34s ; super, 35s to 40s per 20 stonN NORWICH—SATURDAY. 4 is St There was a very fair supply of wheat to-day, on- - i ,. week's prices must be quoted is per q r lower, millers ba: .„ ing only for their immediate wants. In ot her articles vei .' little passing. White wheat. 46s to 47s 1 Red wheat 42 s to 4 44 , i4s Malting barley ... 35s to 36s 1 Chevalier barley 33s to to 20 ..,. Di s tilling do 29s to 30s 1 Oats.. 24s Flour, 28s Od to —s Od per sack from the miller. YORK—SATURDAY. A fair supply of wheat on offer from the farmers, '9711--i,c,111 sold at is per qr less money. Grinding barley in tolersL (1 8 demand at fully as much money. Oats very scarce. an trade good, at late rates. Beans were in limited shalt '"" maintain their value. ops to 0 / Wheat, red 3Bs to 43s Oats.... - 5 , 9 White do .42s to 47s Beans 35 s to --- .__s to 8 Barley .24s to 28s Peas .•.. 35s Malt, 58s to 608 per qr..; rye, 38 s per qr ; aoilr, to 34s por sack. DUBLIN—FRIDAY. „, A moderate demand for foreign wheat , an d late 1111,":„ tations made. One sample of Irish oats in splendid cootie', lion, 12s asked, but no business done. Maize slo es Of 6a at about Gd decline. Flour scarce. . d. s. d. s. d. s. d• ' 0 Wheat, white.. 24 0 to 26 6 Oatmeal 21 Gto24 0 Beam.. Do., red Do., new - a ~ ~, -- ~ 13arley Oats Do., black — oto 0 Indian corn .. 27 oto -.° 0 to --- 0 Railway Traffic Returns for the week" Rectl 3t6 t.., 1864. 10 b •*.'„,„ 8 Belfast and N. Counties 136 136 29"'" 2880 Belfast and County Down 49 49 83 --- Blyth and Tyne 9O 13 - ,,1 , 993 Bristol and Exeter l2li 1815 7, 1 -, 25,246 Caledonian 252 2344 20,78 2 _ Cockermouth & Workington B5 81 36 1 0 " Cork and Bandon 2O 20 38z . .43 12 Cork, Blackrock, & Passage 6 } 61 329 3" Cork and Youghal 3251 64 1,773 27 5 1, 4 4 5 Cornwall O 5O Deeside l7 17 481 1 361 Dublin & Belfast J unction 63 63 1,505 ... ~f, Dublin and Drogheda 75 73 1,884 1 , ;,.,7 4 Dublin and Meath 3/ 1 Dub. & Wicklow and Wexid. 91 } 481 3,591 -, , , Edinburgh and Gllasgow 173 173 9,5 04 0.2% 4 ' Furness, &c so 5o 3,250 0,0 5 Glasgow & South-Western Gt.Eastern,Nrik.,&E.Union 663 063 34,747 30,1 06 Great Northern 353 35 58 1 3 1 5 :7 2 6 6 t, , 5 311. ,) 7 .. Great North of Scotland 6B (it. Northn. & Westn. (Irel.) 7ll 711 937 c 36 qt.Soutlin. & Westu.(lrlnd.) 3735 329 11,461 0, " 6 ., 313 Great Western 10561 10565 65,659 ~ 4 0 Inverness & Aberdeen June B6l 862 1,681 I, ' Inverness & Perth Junction 119} - 2,078 -- Irish North-Western Kent Coast 145 145 1,960 1,6 1 3 0 3 i 27 '..: Lancashire & Yorkshire 402 395} 13,3070 36,46. s Limerick and Ennis... 241 241 211 161 Limerick and Foynes 26} 261 125 7i -1 London ly Llanel & W 46 464 780 2 ,3 North-`Postern ' . , 2 London and 5 51 2,162 , 22 5 London & South- Blackwall Western Lond. Brighton, &S. Coast 26 11 250 1 23,333 2 ' s ' 271 London, Chatham, & Dover 72} 121 7,716 /,360 Do. Metropolitan Extension 111 101 2,50 0 1 7,133 6lan.,Sheflield, & Lincolnsh Mauch. S.J un.& A ltrincham 9} 9} 3,5 19 ,, 0 69 Maryport and Carlisle Metropolitan .. 3l 34 2,3 . 44, 529 Midland (incl. N.-Western).. 641 630 49, 39 , 3 , 4 ,428 Midland Gt.Westn. of Irind... 282 2595 * , , 1 ,- 0 3 ,', 9.44 1 Monkland 715 714 I, oo ° 2,51 t Monmouthsh. Rail. & Canal 44 44 2,702 North British, Edin., Perth N 55 11• 271 and Dundee - 55, 060 N-Eastern and Stock. & Danl 1095 10791 6092 ~,61 North London 9 9 3,345 g. 305 North Staffordshire 254 254 8,9 " 1,2 41 Oswestry and. Newton... 5O 50 1, 267 846 Rhymney ......... -.........„ Di 104 03 -- St. Helen's Canal &Railway 62 62 .7, 5,2 55 Scottish Central Scottish North-Eastern l3B 138 6,°- 36 c ' t 874 Somerset and Dorset 66 395 - 7 3,95 ' South Devon South-Eastern.. 306 306 2' ,"". s, Bc ' 57 5, 69 ' 0,445 Taff Vale ..... 57 Ulster Vale of Clwyd... ..... lO 10 4 567 Vale of Neath O2O 2. 431 36 3,-- 292 --.,,, 388 Miles Opened. Railways. 1864. 1863. Waterford and Kilkenny 3l Waterford and Limerick 77 West Cornwall 27i W.Hartlepool Harbr.&Rail 52 W'haven,Cleator,& Egrmnt lO Whitehaven Junction....— l3 Whitehaven & Furness Jun 35 7, 46 1 11 9 ii 3 4 1 71 0 7* — 70 7 681 526 9622 t°6 6 FOREIGN AND COLONIAL. Antwerp and Rotterdam 2 5 52 .. 9 li Z Austrian B2B 828 31,933 2 , Bahia and San Francisco Belgian Eastern J unction 261 281 328 4 / Bombay, Baroda, & Cen. India 1 1 8 6 54 3 i tt 2 3 : 60 28 9 8 3 2 '1 ,, b; Buffalo and Lake Huron Detroit and Milwaukie lB9 185 4,517 3,°!,0 Dutch Rhenish .. lOB4 1084 7,310 5. 1 ," Eastern Bengal ..... 3lO ItO -If Easton of France.-- 1135 1302 65,484 1 5 ,,u , ' 0 East Indian Grand Trunk of Canada lO9O 1090 18,078 I° , , Great Central of Belgium lBO 5,522 Great Indian Peninsula 553 495 Great Luxembourg 134 134 Great Southern of India Great Western of Canada 345 315 Madras Madrid, Sarag - ossa &Aiicant 650 490 Northern of Canada 4, 445 5 4,544 45 501 0,5 38 COIL fps 5,t•92 17,442 7111 2,849 3 461 5 3 6 2, 3 2 08: 1 55 2 1 5.1 5 g 9 C 3 ,63 0 10° .8/0 Northern of France 697 07 - - Norwegian Trunk Ottoman Paris, Lyons, & 1805 1713 . Paris and Orleans 1614 1494 Pernambuco 774 77 Royal Danish 69 69 .-- ~.... Sambre and Meuse 6B Sii -- , South Austrian - 2 0" Southern of France ......- 770 680 26,930 1 9, 60 37 Victorian 196 196 9, 572 ° Welland West Flanders 75 75 1,1 6 ! 43,55 6 W. and N.W. of France.. 990 813 51,01° ..... Births. GRANT.—On the 29th ult., g at 122, Ge e • street, burgh, Lady Macph erson Grant, of a son. sci. LEVER.—On the 29th ult,, th e wife of J. Orrell Le ver ' of a son. of CoPt' MANSEL.—On the 27th ult., at Preston, the 'syn. - Memel, 3d Hussars, of a daughter. cur 15i* MURCHISON,—On the 28th ult., the wife of J. 11. son, Esq., of a son. Marriages. r obs PAUL—BnooKE.—On the 28th ult ,at St. Peter's oo; Pimlico, Edward John Dean Pau ' l, Esq., of place, Piccadilly, to Mary Georana Elizabeth,„„Theoo daughter of the late Colonel Henry Vaughan Pr"- enry C.B. el 0 , STUART—SETMOTJ II . — On the 28th ult., at S. VI to Piccadilly, Lieut.-Colonel Crichton Stuart, 3,t'll'op• Gertrude Frances, second daughter of the itig u " Sir G. Hamilton Seymour, G.C.B. BEAst o :.:o o n ia t t h h e e 2 2 B 9 th th u u lt i; at t ßrad near Dri d g fi-°rll4 Brasier,:ic ci e:A so d l m ici i t r o a r l 7ag_ed ll°Y' , . a e g e a . d, t a h B o s . . 1 un Balolo elcP BALD - Holloway, 0 BATT.—On the 27th ult , Robert Batt, EFT' 9,14.5''cl J.P., of Purdysburn, Co.. Down, aged 69. B 1 t I ham,GK A E m e . ciT, 0 n the 27th ult.. in London, Drir ley Rouse, Lynuu, Cheshii 'llll' -e. Loacl °° ' COLTUUR ST. —On the 27th ult , at Dover-street. ,urot, Robert, youngest son of the late Sir Nicholas Colal F.R.C.S , of. 8ri,,,,,h 'Yorkshire, a n Bart., aged 34. LE a N a N ed Aß l4 D.:O nt n h t s h: 28th ult., at Belhus Essex' ' - ' n°r : f i t r li cl i t Ada, the third daughter of Sir Thomas 'Barrett Lon -----.. ViTilliaot, ii.ov ... . 11.1..... m.... ............................------ ~ --- --- ---- -- Npla l '' London : Print,ed and Prblished by WILLIMIA o , IV. of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TUE SUN t ie ~ty Strand, In the Precinct of the Savoy, )12 tile C46,- xuatikie-X,--Monsiv, August 1,1864•