The Sun. — London, England, 1831-04-27 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF' THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. The Livery of London have set a very proper examile to the country, and we trust it will be geaerally followed. Hitherto the people have beer, Err too much in the habit of considering themselves as retainers of this or that candidate, and allowing themselves to be moved according to the interests t,f candidates. It is the business of the people, no' s much to support this or that man, as to see that . they are properly represented. T he anecdote of 13eatimarchais's dog must be familiar to most of our readtrs. On the collar was e ngraver) the s dog' ownership of Beaumarchais—. Beaumarchais be limes to me." The voters have hitherto belonged to the candidates; whereas it is the business of the voters to fix on, and c hoose their Representatives. In pursuance of these views, it was determined yes terday, at the rneeting of the Livery, that they would not give anrpledga of support to any candidate fom personal favour or predilection, but should re serve themselves for those four candidates Wedged to Reform who should appear to have the best chance of success ; and it was also agreed on by the indivi duals comprising the meeting, that they would net pledge themselves ex ce p t in coniu . rictie7 4 with the Committee to be a pp ointed b y moos, Thi s a‘Vill L ive a concert and union to bf tee Reformers, withou t whici.; I. ; e h ey ° 11 " 1- 2 ) 1i ;:l te n , s danger of having it palmedlim: in d on them as their ReV esentativea. It w as sens ibly ob served by Mr-I ) erring" that they could not split their votes with :out splitting the great principle.—( Cheers.) For hi.loself he cared not who the four representa tives were ; but he would take cam, if no one else did, to be on the hustings, for the purpose of obtaining from them all a moat unqualified pledge on the topic of Reform.—(Cheers.) He meant no -paragement to Mr. Ward; but this Ire would say, that no one could give that gentleman a vote, and also vote for a Reformer, without saying that he bad no pretence either to principle or to honesty.— (Cheers.) It should be remembered, that the dr . . r mon to which they were about to come was not merely the derision of that meeting; by mans of the Press it would be dispersed throughout the country; and as the London election was one of the first to take place, the question was, whether the city should show such unanimity and decision as al•ould be an example to all other corporatioas and e'ectors.--(Cbeers.)" This is as it ought to be. Many gentlemen who voted for Mr. Ward last elec.- titan wilt certainly not vote on this occasion for any sath.r than a Reformer ! Mr. R. Squills, for in stance, came boldly forward, and said, that " it was probably known to many that he had voted for Mr. Ward at the last two elections, because he be lieved him to be a most honourable and respectable man ; but he felt bound to sacrifice his liriend to she public cause—(Loud cheers)—that ought to be the principle with all who wanted the great question of Reform to be cerried." We ourselves know several Liverymen who voted for Mr. Ward, who are determined to vote on this crew , . sion exclusively for Reformers. We hold it, therefore, impcos;ble for Mr. Ward to succeed, if the Livery proceed as they ha\'e commenced. We agree with Mr. Fearon that no names ought to be mentioned, and that confidence ought to be reposed in the vigilance of the Committee. The Livery will act with effect, when they act in one spirit. The long continuance of boroughmongering in this country has been lit - fortunately attended with the effect of makirri s Englishmen think far too lightly both of brib er y and !perjuiy at elections. To in stance tare case of out-voters. We lament to say that, few men in the humble walks of life are proof veinet the temptation of being conveyed to their native place, to visit their relations, at the expence eist candidate. The vote they should give it too often the last consideration with them It cannot be too much inculcated, that voting contrary to con viction, merely to have the gratification of a journey to the country to visit friends at a pleasant season of the year, is a dreadful violation of a sacred trust. The Reformer who for such considerations votes for an Anti-Reformer is worse than a thief ; and if he reflect a moment on the thing ) he will see that a greater crime cannot be committed than to be ac cessory to the sending a man to the Legislature, who, he believes, will betray the intereste of his country. We take it for granted.thst there is hardly an Englishman so ignorant, its not to have made up his mind whether Reform would or not be beneficial to the country. If he be an Anti-Reformer:he may, of course, vote for an Anti-Reformer; but no exe eration is sufficiently strong for the knave who,pro tessing the principles of Reform, sells himself for the sake of beastly sensuality to an Anti-Reformer. The punishment of the pillrry has been abalished, because in certain cases, against which public opi nion is strongly directed, the punishment inflicted is ?renter than the law intended. But the mean spirited wretch who allows himself to be conveyed by an Anti-Reformer to vote against his conscience, ought to be more an object of general execration 'than the victims of popular indignation or the pillory. Thank God! an end is about to be put by the Re form Bill to this degrading traffic in the consciences of non-resident voters, which has not, certainly, been hitherto viewed in a proper light. Many per sons have expressed themselves anxious to contri bute their mite towards the good cause, but know not how to give effect to their wishes. A Cor respondent (P. 0.) has enclosed a guinea to us. We have the satisfaction of being able to state, that a meeting of gentlemen of the first respectability is about to be held this day, for the purpose of concert ing the proper measures for adoption, with a view to raise a subscription to support popular candidates, sand that no time will be lost in coming before the public. We shall hand over the guinea to the Com mittee, and we request our metropolitan readers to retain what they mean to contribute till they receive the invitation alluded to. Those places which have no yet organized Committees will, of course, fallow the example of the metropolis ; and xt hen our Com mittees are everywhere appointed, an easy commu nication between the different parts of the country will be practicable. Evelywhere meetings are taking place. A private meeting very numerously attended, was held yesterday at Sittingbourne, at which a requisition to Mr. Ryder to come forward was signed by all present. Sir E. Knatchbull may, therefore, consider his reign in the county of Kent at an end. In Bedfordshire it was expected that Mr. Stuart, Lord Bute's nominee, would be opposed by Nlr. Cra whey ; but he has refused to come forward. Mr. Potter Macqueen, however, will oppose Mr. Stuart. Surely the University of Cambridge will not so far disgrace itself as to remove Lerd Palmers ton and Mr. Cavendish for the sake of Mr. Gott!. burn and Mr. W. Y. Peel. Report makes the sum sebscribed by the Tories enormous. We have heard of four and five hundred thousand pounds, and of th e Duke of Northumberland alone subscribing one hundred thousand pounds. We should think there is exag gerat i on i n thi s ; but the boroughmongers are fighting_. for thei r f ree h o lds. The plunder of so in dus"l°"" nation as this is not a matter to be yielded up without a hard struggle. • But as we yesterday observed, nothing sh_cmsmore the benefit the nation will deri ve f rom boroughmongers are than the enormous sums the e ur ready to ex p en d to prevent it. Lord Monson, of course, turns out his two Members for Gatton. By selling will hi s seats to the holders of t e stock-purse, get back a little of the 50,000/. We do not he candidates h for Weymouth, though we are assureday their r th a e l e formers of that place are sanguiae as to lity to return proper supporters to Mr. F. Buxton. In Somerset Mr. Dickinson has retired,and,Mr. offer , himself in his stead. In Derb y shir e Mr. .eli Ver non opposes Mr. Mundy. Most of th e counte , will, we believze return reformers. In Scotland we inti , t prepare ourselves for a loss. We read in the history of that country that in contracts of matriag, in former years, a Laird would give with the bride a Michaelmas Moon, that is all the cattle that should be stolen by him at that season. The people of England are viewed by the descendants of thenc Lairds as legitima te sub j ects for plunder. They have a vested interest in robbing us. The impudent way in which candidates promise to their constitu en:s that they will obtain booty for' them is finely instanced in the following naive advertisement fiom the candidate for East Lothian, in the Scotsman of Wednesday last : " Whittinghame, 15th April; 1831. " To " SI R, —Lord John Hay having announced his intention of withdrawing from the representation of the county of East Lothian at the next General Election, I beg to entreat the honour of your vote and interest on that occasion which I shall take the earliest opportunity my duty in Par ham, nt will permit of soliciting in person. " On the principles by which my public conduct will br guided, I beg to refer you to the advertisement I have , his day inserted in the Newspapers, and have only further to say, that if I shall succeed in this, the great object of my wishes, I will feel it my duty, and it will be to me a pleasing task, to attend to the private interests, which in any respect concern those connected with this county. " I have the honour to be, with the higher' os „ tt. Sir, your most obedient ,•-r',' —(Morning Chronicle.) The exam"' imiwritiCitV anti tith' co Inc eo. whicl:me Wittitifs of Iteform in the 'fir!! Of London have Otto to tote lertilot tail to have a be neficial intrfea'ret D i the ensuing elections. There tlte'prt.‘i%Setion will be only between the friends of i the Reform Bill and its opponents diVßion of interest will weaken the streutth of the Reformer; when the day of battle &rives. Great credit is due to the Lott! . mayor for the liberal and self-denying mpl.ril which be evinced in declining to aceede to the requisition to become a candidate, lest ) by the etimr petition of his claims with four bthet itefoi'm can didates, he might endanger the "coMplete triumph of the cause: This tblithiet is the more honourable to him, treehig that, besides the influence in an election struggle whirl' always alaches to the office of Chief Magistrate, his firm and unflinching support of the Reform Bill has created for him a popularity that afforded him almost a moral eettility of success. We hope this pellet t (Alford among the friends of Reform win tie imita.ed in all places where the people hare any share in the election of repre ,etratives, and that all partial interests—all objects of individual ambition—will among English. men, as among the heroic Poles, be entitely and nobly merged in a generous tiValry to over come the common foe, and serve the interests of the common rountry. Although three of the late Mem bers trapported and will support the Reform Bill, it i s ti g ht to make as great a struggle to bring in a fourth of congenial principles, as if the whole fate of the Ministerial measure depended Oh 'the result of this one election for London. The value of a single rote in the House of Commons was proved upon the teconcl reading of the Bill, and this ought to make the people, wherever they have power to re turn a Reformer, to be neither careless nor confident, but to exercise their constitutional privilege as if the fate of England depended upon it single vote. There are those who ptetend to be friendly to some un defined spit of Reform, but who advise the people not to shackle, as they call it, their represeniati;les with specific pledges. This is insidious advice. Clear, distinct, and unequivocal pledges sheuld in every instance be demanded, to support the particular Bill of Reform, by which the late Parliament was tried and found wanting. Did not the King declare that he dissolved Parliament for the purpose of giving the people the opportunity of express ing their opinion, constitutionally and authentically, on that very Bill? How then can the people convey to the throne their express wishes in favour of the measure, unless they elect representa tives who are specifically pledged to support it? There are other questions of great moment, on hich certain and distinct pledges, admitting of no subter fuge or evasion, should be obtained from the candi dates, before a real reformer votes for any one of them. We need scarcely remind the electors of retrenchment and economy, because we think the pressure of taxation and distress will suggest these topics. But there is also the foul stain upon our murals and civilization of slavery in our colonies — the prolific source of degradation and crime, which cannot he too soon cleansed away from every por tion of the soil of a Christian empire. There is, be sides, the wale of the criminal law, which requires the improving hand of a judicious Reform, that its sanguinary spirit may give way to a more intelli gent and moral principle of litigation ; and there is likewise the important question of Chancery Re form, in effecting which Lord Chancellor Brougham will need the assistance of an honest and enlightened House of Commons.—Morniwg Herald. We have already warned our countrymen, that the battle fee Reform is not half gained, and that without the most strenuous, and generous, and, moreover, the best concerted efforts, on behalf of the much-injured nation, there appears. very serious ground for apprehending, that even in the new Par liament the Bill may he mutilated or altogether thrown out. The boroughmonger Tories, it is ac knowledged, are few in comparison with those who feel that the Kingly Government, and the safety of England, are bound up with the destruction of the whole system of rotten boroughs. The anti-re formers might, indeed, be almost enumerated, after half an hour's perusal of the Red Book, or a cur sory r. ference to any pocket edition of the Peerage. Tin v are not the people, nor politically connected with the people, of England, although they have exercised over us a sway neither less unlimited, nor more lawful, than that of the 2,000 or 3,000 Turkish robbers at Algiers, who ruled by the scourge for so many ages the fortunes of northern Africa. Nevertheless, what these usurpers of the dearest rights of Englishmen want in actual numbers, they have made up to the mselves by a mass of secondary advantages, derived, in a great measure, from their Position as boroughmongers, which they hold in de fiance of the coun.ry. They have the power of sending Members to the House of Commons pledged to enact whatever laws their borough-patrons may please to dictate, no matter how hateful to the people of England, who, by a fiction, are bound to obey them,—no matter how severe, or how pre datory, or insulting, or demoralizing,—whether corn laws, or game laws, or laws against the cheap ad ministration of justice, or against economy in any other forip,—in favour of immense civil and military. establistiments,—of pensions from the Treasury to profligates of both sexes,—of profuse grants for the indulgence of courtly prodigality,—or of sanguinary wars without an object but the squandering of public money on favourites and jobs, or against the right of petition, or against the liberty of the Press. The power, we say, of manufacturing into Members of Parliament unprincipled adventurers, eager to vote for any villainy which shall please or serve their patrons, the boroughmongers do possess; and have exerted—not once, nor incidentally, but without in termission--on a determined and unswerving system, for self-aggrandisement, at the expence of the people, arid the consequences are innumerable bad laws, a - burdensome and terrible form of litigation, an ever loaded list of pensioners and placemen, and 800,000,0001. of debt. But the Anti-Reformers have not done so much against the people that they might do nothing for themselves. All the depart• ments of state are crammed with them and their miserable tools and followers; they have the com mand of enormous wealth, not only from their he reditary possessions, but accumulated from ap pointments made out to themselves or to their creatures at their bidding: the long enjoyment of dice, beside, in which their borough interest has established them, bas given them habits of manage ment, combination, and finesse, most favourable to any factious object, and, in the same proportion, fo ballr midable to King and people. We find, in effect, that the leading boroughmongers are sub scribing vast sums, and manwuvring with skill and perseverance, to prevent the nation, if they can, from answering th at a p pea l w hi c h an upright Sovereign ha t • s made to its wisdom and virtue. Gamesters, as they are, both practised and int repid, they know that this is thei r l ast sta k e, and all the e dic e re sources of a diabolical profi c i ency are brought int o are load e r , fraud immeaddiate action. The cards ar e masked , h fraud and falsehood are every wh ere rt s orted to, n e n:l if we—the people—have not our eyes and ears about us, the game is irreparably lost. Misrepresentations of the most disgusting kind are every where put forth against the principles and tendencies of the great measure of Reform. One Clay it is described as an attack on pnblit ereclie—another as bring ing certain ruin to the farmer : again, as piegnant with annihilation to the a:istocracy t and l'astlt . r, as plundering the vested ihteeests trahchi sus of the poor. Now we tell the Debpie of the United King dome wham we love too well to flatter, that if theY permit themselves to be gulled by 'any 'df the swindling preterites, and it in "eorisete i tienee they quit the field, and leave Ifeing and country to the tender thettiea br the boroughmoneers, language has no Dame for the pitch of degradation to which , they will have fallen, ric37 it theie a race of men ex wing on the globe who might not blush to be corn , Da.r.'eat with the degenerate and self-Ni-laved Britons. It is Keeeeter# that sine its this iiittdhct should be opposed to ehi'eduery coti-ittiittee 6 of the most ekpgien'cM and ttio*At earnest reformers ?ark be f: - .:!:.thwith const;tuted throughout the whole kingdom, in every county, city, town; and borough ;—that bankers should be earned in London to receive and account fer what ever sums shall lie snbstl'ilied in aid of a general fried rt.* er'SmOting the election of friends to the Bill of Reform. It is necessary that hand-bills should be scattere 1 through the whole community, stating clearly, anti it may be done briefly, the a dvantages of Reform over no-Reform ; that the nerion has been hitherto existing; undee one prodigious lie, holding ottt to the svotld that it had a share in framing the lan s by which it was governed, when it had no such share,—boasting that it sent 65 8 representatives to Parliament, when the majority of those who com posed the Parliament were not i , s r epresentatives, -,e -pretending to be a free and independent pebrilP, wheh it wes a bode of kicked; anti trampled, and plun dered slaves. The benefits of a Reformed Parliament may, indeed, be expres-ed in few words; but no imagination can embrace their amount, ncr ingenuity calculate their value. By ite:500,000 Englishmen— having intelligence, having property, and by vire tue of both a stake in the Vi Ware of the country — will br, added to the efficient force of the state. By it every man who has a good house over his head, or a breadth of land capable of sup porting his household in decency, will have the privilege of choosing those whom he may pre fer as his own trustees for the 'protection of his person and property. By it every Member of Par !lament will be Made responsible to the public, arid not to an individual master or pa•ron, for his votes. By the new plan of Reform in Pareament, a man known to be a knave, or not known to be any thing better than a fool, a vely ignorant, or idle, or silly, or disreputable, or insignificant person, will find the door of the Hou-e of Commons locked against him, although lie may be the son, or brother, or tool, or toadeater of a Lord; so that every candidate must bring forward scme claim or other to distinction, on the score of personal merits. Hence it follows, that the great mass of titled or untitled rubbish, which now fills the back benches of the House, and is no other than a nuisance to the country, will be entirely got rid of; and that none can have a chance of be coming a representative of the people, who is not chosen because of some capability of doing the busi ness, and enforcing the opinions, and serving the in terests, of those who elect him. One circumstance it is most important, to mention. The borough mongers have circulated, with astonishing industry, a report that all the potwallopers and others who have not a freehold or copyhold worth 10/. a year, or a leasehold interest of SU/. a year, or who do not rent a house rated at 10/. annually, are to be al once disfranchised. Ties is a monstrous falsehood. Not a human being, who now enjoys the right to vote for county, city, or borough, will ever be disturbe.l in that enjoyment during his natural life. Even the sons and apprentices of existing freemen, with no other title but birth or servitude, are to be invested with that valued power. Non-residents only will be compelled to surrender their vote for the place which they do not inhabit, and to accept, in ex change for it, the elective franchise where the'r resi dence happens to be fixed. The great and important character of the Bill is that it redresses wrongs, and takes from wrong-doers all f u tute capacity to injure: while, at the same time, it confers rights on all who heretofore had been excluded from them; and ex cludes 11071 C who are justly entitled to the exercise of constitutional power. If the people of England (and we here speak of all classes, high and low, rich and poor, rut. rs and ruled), by their own imbe cility or apathy, fail to improve the blessed prospect DOW placed within their reach, we repeat that they will be handed down by history as the most con temptible of nations —Times. It is a matter of scandalous notoriety, that though there are resolutions in all the chief towns of the county of Oxford in favour of Reform, and against the late Members, who opposed the Ministers on, that question, yet eio one stands forth to offer him self upon the•principle of Reform. Lord Blandford, who professes himself a reformer, cannot, it is said, bear the expense. But why is not a subscription entered into, of all sums from 1/. to as many up wards as the donor pleases ? Why, we say, do not the independent gentlemen and yeomen of the county come forward ? and why do not others enter into an obligation to bear their own expense's ? Ireland " beats us into fits." Remember, yeomen of England, what the county of Clare did for O'Connell ; how the poorest voters came to the hustings at their own expense ! and how the most dissolute rejected the temptation of ardent spirits ! Times. If any thing wire necessary to render more appa rent than it is at first sight, the treachery of those who, though they are opposed to the Bill lately be- fore Parliament as too sweeping, yet profess to be desirous of some minor kind of Reform, it would be a glance at their past conduct. If they were willing to admit of any change in the preset)t sys tem, why did they not show that willingness in the East Retford business ? There was a case of pe culiar corruption. Birmingham, Manchester, Shef field, and Leeds, were actually gaping for the fran chise of the offending borough. How can those who then resisted, through every species of Ministerial influence and chicane, so easy and proper a transfer, have now the impudent e to say they wish to have those grand and populous towns represented ? There is, perhaps, nothing which has so much embit tered the national spirit as the knavery practised on that occasion, of merely extending the vote of the corrupt borough to the enslaved hundred, instead of giving it to a great town ; and yet Sir Robert (then Mr.) Peel, who presided over that iniquity, now pretends that he is a friend to large places having reprtsentatives ! It is remarkable that ut the close of the last debate nn that subject, and when the hopes of moderate Reformers were frustrated, Mr. Huskisson thus expressed himself :—" Whatever might be the fate of the amendment then before the House, he consoled himself with the reflection, that the time was not far distant when Government" (that is, the then Government—the Peels, the Goulburns, &c.) " would find themselves compelled to propose the very reformation which they now re jected."—Hansard's Parliamentary Debates, March 5, 1830.—Times. Every trick, manoeuvre, and stratagem, which can possibly be devised, is now in motion, and has been put in motion by the Anti-Reform party, in order to crush the spirit of Reform, and to despoil the people of England of that just restoration of their rights and privileges, which it was the object of the defeated Reform Bill to effect. They are in daily, nightly, and hourly, communication—they have subscribed al immense fund, in order to buy up the suffrages of the dirty corporations and rotten boroughs to which they have access ; and to those in which they know that a stro ng fit cling exists against their principles, they are sending round agents w h ose pockets are lin e d w i t h mone y, a nd . mouths their with but whose principals find it convenient to avoid all personal int errogat i o n, by bein , personally seized with the gout, or some other equally convenient apology, for absence. Will the Reformers of tngland be less tealous and less active ? Will they tint also have their parse ? Will they net have their Committees, and will they ndt meet the low tricks and base Conddet of their opPdhents by' a Onion; and detbfrhinatiOn to atcomplish the wishes of the tieopie, which shall admit of no Fiva!: Ship? Up, we say, and be doing. ) for thig is the great crisis-thi,s is alb only insuting the pasSirig Of the Refoim Bill, without having tecour:c to those Pezi.nh, the necessity of employing which we should deplore as a national cklamity. " Stick to the Bill," as Mr. Dy.on ,ays in his speech now before us,—" it is your Magna Charta, and your Runnymede. King John made a present to the B.irons. King Wi litm has made a similar present to you. Never mind, common qualities, good in common times. If a man does not vote fur the Pill ) hn is tintleanthe plague spot is tipott biro intd the Lataketto of the last tienitiry, with Wetherell and Sadhr—purify the air before you approach him—bithe your bands in chloride of lime, if you have been contaminated by the touch." This is sound adVice, and it has been acted upon. We know many who have refused to pledge their votes until a satisfac.ory answer had been given to them reSpetting the Bill; and we trust that their conduct will be universally imitated. It ought never to be forgotten, that every vote that is solicited by a Reform candidate, is solicited in support of the King; and that those who are not for Reform are against him ! The King, according to Colonel Jones's fpeech yesterday, resisted tears and menaces froth those Isar Wally dear to him, in order to ensure to his people a fair representation ; and shall this people prove i self less patriotic than the Sove reign f—Nursing Advertiser. It must be felt by every man who is not a tra:tor in his hear, that it is his duty to exert himself to the utmost within Ws own sphere of association or of influence, to dispel the dangerous delusion in which some portion of the people of England are wrapped, upon tl e sulject of the Ministerial Re form Bill ; mid there is no class of persons who must have a deeper consciousness of this duty than that of the honest asd rational reformers. It is scarcely to be expected of the lower orders of the people that they should unravel for themselves the detailed enactments and intricate contrivances by which the real practical objects of this' measure are studiously concealed from their view. And what must naturally be expected to ensue from the just irulignation of this class of society, when they find, as every man who has read and considered the Bill must know they will eventually find, that they have been made the dupes of false and fraudulent pre tences—that their enthusiasm has been artfully excited in behalf of a measure which, instead of extending, curtails their privileges—instead of yielding then additional security and protection, deprive them of much which they now enjoy—in stead of promoting, invades their dearest interests — instead of gratifying, mocks and frustrates- every political wish they have expresged with any degree of steadiness or uniformity. It is dreadful to reflect upon the tensper and fetlings which must be pro duced among the lower orders of the people of England should this Bill unfortunately come into operation, and should their disappointment be goaded into anguish and desperation by the bitter reflec tion that under the influence of a strong delusion, artfully propagated by their superiors, they had assisted to inflict it upon themselves. An un principled Ministry and their equally unpriecipted abettors may laugh anemg themselves, at the apps rent success of their own fraud; but should this fraud fully and finally succeed, it will, we are per suaded, prove the most costly political and elec tioneering manoeuvre ever practised in any country. What will the lower classes of the people think, how will they feel, and how may they be expected to act, with respect to the superior classes—and especially to reformers of the superior clusses— when tht y find that they have been deluded into the enthusiastic support of a false and fraudulent Reform? Into what violence may they not natu rally be led w hen they find that the Reform thus% eagerly sought has done nothing to alleviate any of the real substantial evils of their condition ? How must they be exasperated when they discover that instead of providing for their more adequate repre sentation in the Legislature, the measure from its first enactment begins to diminish, and must finally extinguish, the share of the national representa tion which they now enjoy? What resentment must be excited in their minds, when they be hold the servants, the hired servants, of the Executive Government travelling about the country to bestow or to withhold the elec tive franchise at their pleasure, subject only to one single limitation, that limitation imputing in effect that no matt of the labouring classes is worthy of possessing the right to vote ? How just and natuial will be the indignation of the labouring classes when they see, as in dozens of instances they will see, if the Bill to which Ministers are pledged should bt come a law, the constituency of klteir native towns reduced from thousands to hun dreds, and the elective power, in its new and con tracted dimensions, gradually passing away from themselves and their posterity to the class imme diately above them ? What must they feel when they see, as they will see, direct bribery facilitated and extended ; and when they know that the staple commodity in this general mart of corrup tion, is the franchise which, but for the Bill in favour of which they are now induced to clamour so loudly, might - have been the honest and honourable inheritance of their children ? These are questions which, before it be too late, we would implore all hottest reformers seriously to consider. The Ministers are pledged to the Bill. They are striving by every means in their power to get into Parliament men as deeply pledged to it as themselves. We believe they will utterly fail. But suppose they should suet ed. What, when their success has produced its necessary result—the enacts merit of this treacherous arid fraudulent Bill—are the honest leaders of Reform to say to the beguiled and betrayed and insulted and indignant lower orders of the British people? It is an appalling circumstance connected with the present general election, that it puts the final seal upon a measure of which the people do not and cannot understand half the effects—of which the details, and in this case the practical operation depends wholly upon the details, have never been closely examined, ex cept perhaps by the authors of the measure. But upon all general principles the authors of any mea sure of so extensive a character ought to be sus pected. There ale also in this case special grounds of suspicion. The Bill manifestly in many of its clauses has been formed with a view to increase the permanent Parliamentary influence of the pary now in power. Is it not possible that the interests of the people may have been overlooked or betrayed ? We put this question to honest and dispassionate reformers. We invite them to examine the Bill scrupulously with reference to the practical operation of each of its clauses. We say that no honest man can promote the success of a Ministerial candidate at the present election until he has done this. Let it not be forgotten that the privilege of deliberation upon the merits of the measure is not to be, and cannot be, allowed to the new Parlia ment, should Ministers have a decided majority. And let it be seriously considered whether the as sumptions of infallibility with regard to this particu lar measure is justified by the general conduct of the Administration, or whether it can be justly re garded as a claim to.the implicit confidence of l the nation in a matter of such awful importance.— Morning Post._ The want of a popular and concise history o'• ;Medicine, Surgery, and Anatomy, has long been felt. The public will be glad to hear that this deficiency is about to b e supplied by Dr. liaattiron, a distinguished member of the profession. The author's object has been to trace the progress of Medicine front the earliest period, and to in troduce an account of the various discoveries and improve ments that have from time to time been made in the healing art," with biographical sketches of the distin guiAted characters to whom we are indebted for the stare of per fection which this branch of knowledge has now at tained. The work is to be entitled " The History qt . Medicine, Surgery, and Anatomy," PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE. ROME, APRIL 9, On Wednesday last, the tith inst., a proclamation of the Pope was made known to his subjects ; it is dated the sth of April, and contains so much matter, and explains so well the history of iitiport tnt events, that I send a trans latioii, of it GitEGORY XVI. TO HIS MOST BELOVED SUBJECTS. " That God, who hash deigned in his inscrutiltle wis dom to call our infirmity to the Supreme Pontificate, was not unmindful of us amidst the difficulties, which from its very camtnencement rapidly increased ; and by a special mark of his ever kind Providence, not wi-hing that these should be superior to our strength, he bath impartial curly unto us with this tribulation the means to overcome it ; to the end th it we might not despair oft e hope of never-failing Divine protection, which hope we most vividly set forth in our first address to our people. Whilst however we announce with joy the tempest calmed and tranquillity restored in the provinces, which persons, enemies of religion and of the throne, desolated with the horrors of rebellion, we exult in being enabled to proclaim to the glory of truth, that if the purity of that faith which the apostle Paul with divine testimony asserted, spoken of throughout the whole world,' be preserved uncon taminated amongst our Roman people, not less constant, nor less ce!ebrated throughout all Europe is their fidelity to him who is their constituted father and sovereign. " Pleasing to its is it thus publicly to eulogize ;o faithful a people, from whom, on this account, even in more turbid moments. we never would have separated our selves, determined to share with them that lot with which it might have pleased God to hamble us under his power ful hand. The sincere attachment, the filial obedience, the docile submission of the same people towards our per son, have inspired ng with an unlimited trust in it, and will ever render dear the recollections of the affectiniz de monstrations which in the most conspicuous manner it exerted itself to make of them. "By the Divine assist ince, which came the e 'Hier through the fervour of the public and private prayers of oor children, the days of sorrow pissed, and in an instant were broken the arms which sacriligeous hands brandislo d that they might carry into the Levitical land desolation and tears The see of Christianity, which by a singular predilection, God willed should be governed by him who was prince and pontiff, to the end that, being prince, he might be rendered more flee in the exercise of his spiritual authority, triumphed also this time, protected against the machinations of impiety by him who placed it like unto an impregnable tower, whence are suspended thousands of shields. and every weapon of the brave. " But if, with the sincerity of the most lively grati tude, we bear in mind those choice companies of the brave, to whom God willed should be reserved the triumph over the perversity of the revolted, and with it the honour to restore to the Holy See its states, crowning with so happy an issue the incessant impulses of that most pure religion which forms the brightest eulogium of their august and powerful Sovereign Francis 1., to whom indelible grati tude shall ever attach us ; glory also be there, and pralse unto those honest citizens who, emu►ously forming them selves into a civic militia, watched indefatigably under arms, anal amidst labours of most arduous service, over the safety of our person, and the quiet of this city. " But in this determined fidelity and noble deign, the Roman people had a rival in the neighbouring provinces, which, after these had been put in a state of defence, counted it glory to send volunteers, who, leaving their fire-sides, hastened to augment that precious portion of our troops which, under skilful and honourable leaders, was alive to the force of the oaths made to us, and knew how to defend, and cause to be respected, a soil coniecrat• to fidelity, And here let all receive the assurance of our warmest gratitude, and the promise that it shall not be steril ; being but too deeply interested in the effectually furthering their advantage, as far as the unpropitious state of things will permit. " We could, indeed, desire to open our heart in similar expressions towards all the rest of the people whom God bath confided to our temporal Government. But if these have been drawn into the troubles of rebellion, it is well known to us that the greater portion were only ♦ictims of coercion, air of fear, as clearly demonstrate the exultation and the joy with which, the moment there was the appear ance of a ray of proximate liberation, (having shaken off the degrading yoke imposed by the seditious, and substi tuted, instead of the ensign of rebellion, the pacific standard of the Papal Government). they proclaimed the return to that father and sovereign, from whose bosom the crimes of a few had cruelly torn them. " Firm in the great design to make such provisions as may ameliorate the condition of our subjects, we were solicitous about it even in the midst of the afflicting past calamities ; and ever ready to hearken to their desires pro vided they be the offspring of real necessity, and calculated to produce the advantages sought : we will early make known those ideas, which the consideration of tne past, and an examination into circumstances, may point out as the best. " But so many paternal cares would indeed be illusory, nor adequate to attain the wished-for intent (and even should the most flattering appearance of a happy hereafter present itself to us, the duration of it would be momen tary), if, by energetic measures, were not prevented the return of the disorders, which will long leave traces of the evils resulting from them. " Mindful, however, that the good seed will always be choked, if the tares which the enemy sowed be not plucked out by the very roots, we could not behold without regret a deed which took place in Ancona on the 26th of March last ; this, leaving untouched the elements of rebellion, suspended only for a moment the effects of it, which would be the more ruinous the instant should be wanting tha' which arrested the whirling torrent. But, thanks to that God, who, itnmense in his providence, brings out of evil real blessings, when he judges it expedient for his great glory, he permitted renewed blindness in the leaders of the factious; it being evidenced in these, that in their deli rium they deceived thems.'lves. Searching rashly new means of adding to their guilt, they devised nom them selves, in order to meet the urgency of the moment, (be sides a violent seizure of person in the presence of force, and fallacious representations of impending misfottune,) deed of our most dearly-beloved son Cardinal Benvenuti, who, first outraged and wholly unrespected in his sublime dignity, assaulted, arrested, and fallen, owing to such treatment, into a serious illness, nor even r.s'ored to ne cessary liberty, was all this while in the hands of these same persons, who had endeavoured to make an object of public indignation by the most cal umniatin g public e " But perfectly clear, and too well kno wn by all, was besides bei ng d ragge d a the intrinsic nullity of a deed of such a nature, published p i v n er si s a t oen s d t e a irn t of ourtoeoeeriicinti.ttmienry;rychtaoimind, and consequen tl y hadnie lo who,t atthe moment th e f acu lty him ceased to be the depository of those powers with which we had invested him. The good were immoderately afflicted at this, and general was the feeling of regret ou account of the surprise into which a just man was seen to fall in a moment of trepidation, and when surrounded by the tormenting machinations of the inveterate enemies of public order. We blamed such a deed upon our first being informed of it, and loudly declaring the nullity of it, which for many reasons was most manifest ; and the in structions which we hastened to give, with the sole view of removing from our people the repetition of disaster, were in conformity with this maxim, which every right, s tcred and divine, guaranteed. " Ministers, however, of that Saviour, who willed that that be lopped away which is the cause of offence, and that the had leaven which might corrupt the whole be re moved, we will not forget that one day must be rendered unto God an account of the use which we shall have made of mercy and justice. Penetrated with a sense of the duties which the character of Prince imposes up.,n us, we will ever bear in mind, even whilst we walk in tl,e paths of peace, that justice should be united with this in gentle bond,---justice, which imperiou s ly calls upon us to place those in a condition to do no further harm, who only re sponded to the reiterated pourings forth of tenderness and clemency by fresh attempts against religion, the Govern ment, and public tranquillity. Debtors to our subjects for the insurance of this, as regards their persons, moral discipline, and property, we will direct our foresight to wards this salutary object, keeping ourselves within the limits which mercy and justicc:should dictate. Be it then a common duty to implore for us, of Divine mercy, light and help, that our resolves be according to his will, to til l end that these being protected by it, may produce thor results of solid and permanent happiness which com menced, preserved, and strengthened, in rectitude and truth, may alone cause the fulfilment of those prayer which we direct most fervently to Heaven, in the bestow ing upon our subjects the Apostolic benediction. "Datum Romx, spud S. Mariam majore m, die 5 A p rilis, 1831, Pontificatus nostri ann o " GREGORIUS, P.P., XVI." I had intended to fill the whole of this sheet with a copy of the correspondence between Cardinal Benvenuti and General Geppeit. It appears certain that General Zucclii, Orioli, Peopoli, were taken in endeavouring to pass to the lonian Isles. Sercognani, it is supposed, has escaped. We hear nothing of him. It is strongly so,. pected there has, for borne good reason, been a connivanc, in this on the part of the Government. We also hear Cardinal Oppizoni agrees with Cardinal Benvenuti, in th e upholding the deed by the latter ; that there is in conse quence some difficulty here, but that the Pope is deter mined such-deed shall not be binding : these a re to-day's reports. I have just time to copy a letter addressed to a gentleman employed in the " Sacred Consuta" in Rome. " Rimini, lthrell 27. " Most esteemed and dear friend,—We are now 'free.— Thanks to Almighty God, through the coining of the Austrian at my, which made its entry into this city on the evening of the 25th, after about an hour's firing with a body of liberal , , who had posted themselves about a mile from the city, and had the audacity to make head against the vanguard of the said army, and then took to flight, not, however, till army on both sides were killed, and about 20 wounded, who are in this hospital. The body of forces of the infernal Zucchi, which was in the city, and amounted to 2,000, also fl , d precipitately towards Ancona. The populace was in a t rriitle fright, expecting a general saeking, as it merited; hut, thanks to God, all passed quietly, the General revoking the order through t' e mediation of our Bishop, and of another excellent person, a retired Prussian Cipta , n living in this city: We were restored to the former Government of our Holy Father on the 25th." FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. (From the Constitutionnel of Sunday.) VENICE, APRIL 12.—Our Governor, in com pliance with an order issued from the Austria.' Chancery, and signed by Prince Metternich, his delivered upon the agents sent for the purpose Vie unfortunate General Z•icchi, who has been conveyed to the fortress of Gartz, in Styria. It is stated that his companions in mi fortune will shortly sit one for various pl ice MANTUA, AI'RIL 12.—A part of the Austrian troops has received orders to quit the estates of the Pope, and retire to the Duchies of Parma and Mo dena, and on the line of the Po. This movement cannot be regarded as an evacuation, because strong garrisons will remain in all the towns of Romagna. In this fine country the towns are only two or three leagues distance from each other. The Austrian domination will therefore, extend like a net over the country, which the troops will be supposed to have evacuated. At the first signal, the columns that will remain at Ferrara, and on the Modenese terri tory, mty easily call together, in case of need, all the detached garrisons, and in a few days, the Aus trian troops again form an army. It is said th et the garrisons in Romagna will be in the pay, and 'lndex the orders of the Pope. If such an arrange ment has been made, it is very evident that it is a- the same time a means to make the kloly Sec ' pay the expellees of the. war, and a stratagem of the Cabinet of Vienna t 3 prolong the occupation indefinitely. Meantime the invasion of Romagna has not destroyed the hopes or depressed the courage of the patriots. The public spirit of the lower classes has been raised by the presence of the enemy's troops; and we do not hesi tate to a:sert, that if France could land at Leghorn two or three regiments, with arms and ammunition for the people, the whole country would rise with new energy. The whole population of the kingdom of Lombardy and Venice is fully as liberal, and ready to take part will France at the first signal of war. There was lately an opportunity 'to judge of the spirit of the country from the very cool reception given to the daughter of Victor Amadeus, Consort of the Crown Prince of Austria, in Lombardy. The working classes are eminently liberal, and express their sentiments with much freedom. The Austrian police has hitherto arrested and in teirogated only a very small number of influential parsons; it draws back at the great number of arrests that would bc necessary, if all those suspected of patriotism were to be included. It was reported at Milan that a revolutionary movement was going to take place. The police took extraordinary precautions ; the troops were under arms; detachments were stationed in various parts : sixty or seventy Tyrolese chasseurs were at en on the towers of the cathedral, making signs to the corps of troops stationed without ; the officers with telescopes looked towards the country, for it w.,s said that the peasants were to come and attack the city. However, not the smallest movement was ob-ervil out of the city, and perfect tranquillity pre vailed within. All these proceedings only excited surprise. An accident having deranged the peal of bels at midnight, so that the strokes of the ham mers succceled very rapidly, the police thought that the tocsin was sounded. The troops were imam diately on foot, and traversed the city in all direc tions to seize the conspirators; and it was some time before the cause of the noise was discovered. TI e next day the garrison was laughed at by the whole city. Since that time, however, two cannon have been plat el in the exchange, and two others bi fore the Viceroy's Palace. There are also at Milan ninety-six cannon in the Circus.. The gar rison consists of three thousand art llery and ten thousand troops of the line. PARIS —lt cao no longer be dissembled that the Peerage has inflicted on itself a fatal blow; it has riot feared to shew itself openly hostile to the revo tion of 1830 ; it has destroyed itself in public opi nion, and its fit of frankness, its manifestation of Guilty hopes will, no doubt, be turned to account by the Government. The re-constitution of the Pterage has become a necessity, and will be the woik of the new Chamber of Deputies. M. Casimir Petit'', son of the President of the Council, left Paris yesterday for London, with Go vernme' t de , patrhes. The Gazette de France states that the retirement of Gentral Sebastiani and Count Montalivet from the Cabinet has become a topic of general conver sa. inn. The Tribune repeats, but without giving crelit to it, a report that twenty new Peers are to be cre ated before the opening of the next Session of the Chambers. (From Le Temps of Sunday.) PARIS, APRIL 23.—8 y letters froM Lisbon of the 9111, rt ceived to-day at Paris, we hear that Don Mi guel had given no answer to the intimations made by M. Cassas, Consul-General of France, confor mab'y to the orders which he had received from his Government. M. Cassas had granted a farther de lay till the 11th, and it is stated that it was his in tention to embark on that day if proper satisfaction should not have been given in the interval, but that he would remain in the Tagus some days before he left Lisbon. (From the National of Sunday.) BARCELONA, APRIL 1 s.—(Private Correspon dence.)—An appalling exhibition has to-day been presented to the inhabitants of this city; no less than six executions ha% e taken place—three military men were shot, and as many citizens hanged. The number of executions must soon increase to a con siderable degree, as the prisons are filling with fre.h victims every day. On the evening of the 9th alone eight persons were arrested; they are men of pro perty, and are charged with having formed a con spiracy to overthrow the Government and re-esta blish the Constitution. A report has been spread by the Ultra-Royalists that all the papers and plans relating to this conspiracy have been seized by the authorities, as also a model for the pillar of the Constitution, which was to be placed in the prin cipal square of Barcelona, and ornamented with a tree of liberty, and the following inscription :-- " The Constitution or death." BIRTHS. On the :nth inst. at Mill.wall, Poplar, Mrs. C. A. Ferguson, of a daughter. On the :34th inst. at Strand-on-the-Green, Middlesex, the lady of 11. J. Phillips, Esq., of a daughter. MARRIED. On the girth inst. at Hornsey, W. C. Cooper, Esq. eldest soft of W. D. C. Cooper, Esq., of Park-house, Highgate, and Tod-, dington, Bedfordshire, to Laura Georgians, eldest daughter 0 1 Captain Ellis, of Tuy buy Park, Monmouthshire. On the ddth inst. at Langham Church, Captain G. It. Pem berton, East India Company's Service, to Anne M. J. Angelo, seventh daughter of he late A. Angelo, Esq., East India Col" - patty's Service ; and at the same time and place, Captain Angelo, East India Company's Service, to Elizabeth, Mi ll daughter of the late W. Mansell, Esq. DIED. On the 2fith inst. at Peckham, in the 91st year of her age, Mrs. Eames, mother of Mrs. Emans, of the E.inburgh Castle, Strand. On the 25th inst. at Stoke Newington, Wm. Wandesfor ,e, eldest son of W. Trend, Esq. On the :nth inst. in Lincoln's Jerhn Calthorpe Gouge, Esq., in the iSth year of his age. On the 23,1 inst. when on a sisit to Sir C. Chad, at Worthing, the Earl Wintcrton, in his 73,1 year. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED By MU It DO YOUNG, Ar SUN OFFICE, 1114 STRAND, LONDON, r /L Zzz TH ENGL A give Not That said Co hall-foret Eleve n n' a DIVIE That I Stock wi at Three 1 4th Jul' And ti Cuinpan ) be delive, T" R I CROSS. The I IN YEN ARTS al 'Ay NEI NEAR RI END ( SIDE C Nol front "Pen Tunnel i; descent is W'albr( A Twelve 11 fatality re hiv e beet limited tc Letters of Mr. Se Loudon. IF an inz AMELIA 1880 , it M r w . • Doctors' Laiy Robert C; for. folk, and BEN info] Perural CLOTHS only a few inendel. 414 RQUI CLO•t•HS 01.gervt the No. 5. 113 GINd stand on t IT has from speed by I with eonsi HORN nifori n to their 4 Peed, %vb, trav e l wit their Coax sentation Charged. Golden Wood-strt N.B. Anve Inn London pcE ci against D WILLIAI LewiAla ni Lodge, IL died in or respective rcvective William N iit Cour Chancery. be excludt V ir li A P/ A LTERF larg e and Imu•e, for 'tier, at H i gratis. To NN hAY, Tn( To RA on the it DIJCED ' ,MANE, S To RI Queenhitl Offi ce MO] DILLY, T TRONAI profession tropolis, I Public is S FORE MINER) mended 1 ration is out the S allays the for many wHETH I )IsEAs N ERAL 1 , 1 -ETE loettinbrm Zrinver 'TASTIC N.'