The Sun. — London, England, 1863-10-23 00:00:00

THE WESTERN STATES. ;From the Special Correspondent of the Times.) CINCINNATI, 01110, Oct. 7. On . Saturday last I had a curiosity to see one of the great monster meetings preliminary to the elec tier% o f the Governor of the State of Ohio, which is to take place on the second Tuesday of this month, the 13th. I had attended not a few political reunions, in olden times, on my first visit to the United States, in earliest youth, especially in the New England Stat es, where I resided. I have a distinct recollec tion of -caucases, conventions, and other party e.at'aerings, where I had to force my Way through a , theong of closely-packed men, under the roof of some music hall, or Dissenting meeting-house, and where a stern, vinegar -faced stump orator was holding forth before an audience fully as earnest, as firm, of purpose, as business -like as himself. Those uncouth and crabbed, but high-minded Yankees brought into politics not a little of the religions seriousness which characterised their old Puritan faith. Narrow-minded and fanatic they might be, but they went to Work with a sober determination, with a steadiness of will which impressed the looker-on, forcibly, and commanded respect. It war, a very different kind of spectacle that I was invited to witness the other day. I was driven six railes out of town to a place named Carthage, in the open country, the mere embryo of a straggling o e, a spot only famed for its racecourse, and a very stately county lunatic asylum. Few towns on this side of the Atlantic boast a more charming reighbourhood than Cincinnati. The wide circle of hills which encompass the city, and which I remem ber seeing mantled with luxuriant green more than a quarter of a century ago, has, indeed, been stripped of its original beauty, quarries of good building stone and clay for bricks have been found .here and there, and the utilitarian people have been utting and grubbing round the place till it looks bare and bleak, glaring and dusty, like the most atil district in Provence or Palestine. Beyond the first hilly range, h o wever, the landscape r eta i ns not a little of its soft, verdant, original character, and at Carthage, no less than at Clifton, Spring Grove, and other favoured localities, nature, unscathed by man's -work, shows forth in her loveliest apparel. Th e d a y was bright and fresh at Carthage, as days usr , a uy are at the present season in this part of the -cc orld, the gorgeous autumn tints peculiar to the North American continent fLshed vividly in the sunshine, and the purity of the air, unsurpassed by anything that can be seen in the most gifted Me diterranean climates, filled the soul with irresistible gladness. Tho meeting of Saturday was intended to be the grand effort of the Republican party, the great be speak for Brough, Anderson, and the rest of that " ticket: , the coup de grace for Vallandigham, Pugh, and all the Democratic platform. It was, properly speaking, the Cincinnati meeting, and was held out of town, simply because it was thought that the city could afford no space sufficient to contain so mighty an assemblage as could not fail to answer the momentous appeal. From early morning to late afternoon the wards of the city kept pouring out in long py processions through all its wide avenues. I was on the ground between two and three, at the very moment in which the interest of th© transac- C , on was expected to culminate, and excitement to rise to fever heat. The political meeting at Carthage reminded me of a Derby day at Epsom, only of a somewhat shabbier character, with a dash of an Italian masquerade and carnival frolic in it. The fair sex considerably out numbered the lords of creation, and Young America mustered nearly as strong as the adult generation. There were huge triumphal cars, heavy boats, and pontoons on wheels, drawn by four, five, and even ten pairs of good well-fed horses, with an endless Hatter of flaunting flags, monstrous devices, a din of fife, trumpet, and drum, and the endless firing of light and heavy artillery. Pedestrians, horsemen, hack-carriages, long teams of draught horses, wan dered about the trackless turf in every direct ion, with no apparent purpose, save only the enjoyment of the open air ,and the jolly company. It was a fair, a picnic, with cold fowls and veal pies emerg ing from capacious hampers, and corks knocked off the bottles of sparkling Catawba wine. To eat, drink, and be merry was the great business of the .political meeting. Here and there, indeed, in a cor ner, under the canopy of some huge tree, Mr. Some body from Indiana, or Mr. Nobody from Illinois, eump2d away for vary life. with a cluster of listless loafers round his extempore platform, pretending to listen, cheering: occasionally, jeering more fre quently ; all this in the midst of the din of discor dant music, the rackling fire of great and small guns and the shrill cries of apple women and venders of fire-water. For the rest, there were children scjual ling, young people flirting, angry men swearing, drunken men reeling,—all the varieties of a swarm ing, bustling crowd, looking for amusement, and contributing more or less willingly and wittingly to each other's amusement. Most of the cars were decked out for show, and relied for effect no l s e h s: w on o w f h i i i t v e, i blue, and red trap- Pings than and fresh female beauty. Cartloads of girls, as many eY as 9O in a single conveyance, were paraded round and round, to the ' Sound of me rr y mus i c • schoolgirls from 10 to 12 Years of age, youn g girls further advanced in their texas, rosebuds and roses in full blossom, all gaily dressed, their faces wreathed in smiles, beamed upon the delighted male multitude. Attired in motley colours, bareheaded, bare-necked, with hair streaming of themd ia o de n their shoulde rs , b egar l an d e d, some edFelmeted ; h ere th e y were ma d e to perso n i fy . 111 . e whit e or iatt4 their respective States, the Northern St a t es i n respective national co l ours , th e Slave States i n m ourning sabl es . I n o th er grou p s we were taught t o how t olumbia," the " union," to , c' e the " Goddess of Liberty," to t ` Death," and a varier to " Peace," to Transatlantic other deities in petticoats only known in this soaftlantic Olympus. Mixed with the beloved colours among which I the Union were mottoes and devices, Rel an no ticed at the t a il o f a huge cart the two-h ea d e d e the two Eagle, the em blem of the new alliance b etw " Youn g Giants" of the globe. The largest car, with th e heaviest freight of young damsels, s fessed t o b r i ng t o muster "soldiers' sweeth eart devices were of a more sombre and Some of the truculent Wes cha racter. A hugo piece of ordnance paraded through the ground with the inscription « The Cannon our only Peacemaker;" another 1:a bore th e inscription, "Hell, hemp, or Canada for trai tors;" a third bade " these who were dis contentedwith Old Abe to leave their countr y for t heir c ou try's good." P oor Valiandigham was to be s een here and there suspended on huge gallows in effigy ; hanging and quartering was too good treatment for him. One car exhibited the same unlucky D emo . critic candidate in the shape of a huge Guy, a colos sal man of straw with a mask, sold to be a very excellent likeness of the illustrious exile, at which some zealous Republicans, more than half-seas over, kept hacking away with their sabres and Poking with their bayonets with fell animosity, to the intense delight of the most clamorous part of the as sem bl e d ra bble. The zeal of those few .fanatics strangely contrasted with the per fect serenity of the goodhumoure,d multitude. The v ast majority of the assemblage evidently took advantage a of the a littl e bit I, poli‘ical occurrence for of harmless and peaceful holiday making. T h Brough. and eY apparently ca re d very little for by the Anderson,marshals of for whom they were bidden likewise Very ntotfl the field to cheer ; and they had ill-will against Vallandigham, against whom they people who lecited y n Were ordered to groan. The numb ered the meeting as an earnest affair might he nv)gnise e_d by hundreds. The tens el thousands, Were u l th by the newspapers into 40,000, and 50,000, the mere purpose of rnalizie , el as it struck me, for The Republican journals here er'cling the " fu.Q." mightrr well, on the following day, descant on tl e a) monstration," " The p eop l e enro ; T yrethendons de ceia,e;iactator, like strengchened ree - jesty." To a neutre7l "t in all its ootflikely to rsself, the whole matter seemed lees than an egregious, innocent farce' not more nor exaaa a e o much ' influence on the issUrs proaching strugg le ; as little calculated to riew4, r , 11 " the real interest s of the befriended Brough i t s a to damage the positio n of the anathemaiizad Na landighatn. With all thie, Lowever, I would rot wieh to be understood to disparage the strength of the Repub lican party , or to quest i on t h e earnestness of their zeal in the cause. The meeting of Saterdsy was merely intended for a fete, or, as they c t it, "gala day." I have no doubt some of their popular con ventions held in other places wer • much more to the purpose. That the Republicans have the vast majority of their countrymen with them, and that they will have a crushing success at the poll on Tuesday next, I have little reason to question. There are 500 membsrs at the Cincinnati Stock- Exchange, and 10 to 1 of them are stanch friends of the Government and Republicans to the back bone. The Enquirer is the only Democratic paper doing battle against the Gazette, the Commercial, and the limes all Cincinnati journals, wedded to the Republican interest, and the proporton of two to one is observable in all the press of the State (80) Democratic against 180 or 200 Republican papers.) Wherever wealth, or even to a great extent intelligence, is prevalent there you have the strong hold of the Government party. Rich people here have been fattened by the war, and are for war a l'outrance. Most of the gaudy:cars that were driven to the show of Saturday were got up at the expense of contractors, railway companies, &c., to whom this civil dissension has been for the last three years a godsend. Over more disinterested and honourable citizens the idea of the Union exercises a tyrannical sway, and scarcely allows them the use of their rea soning faculties. They are all ready to sacrifice the last drop of blood and the last dollar for the Union, and they flatter themselves that they may best ob tain their end by upholding the Government, and by crushing the South under the weight of an im mediate, general, and violent abolition of slavery. It is of no use to represent to them the utter impracti cability, the dire ruthlessless, of so sweeping a scheme. " Let the Union stand and let the world fall" is their motto. Perhaps this determination to follow the war to " the bitter end," to drive the South to despair, to reject all compromise, may be more fatal to any chance of the restoration of the Union than a more humane and conciliatory course might be. But they will listen to no argument. They must have Union and emancipation, and the mere suggestion of a different policy, the mere exposition of demo cratic views, is stigmatised as arrant treason. "We shall go through with it" is the clinching sentence of the fairest and most sincere Republicans when they are driven to their wits' end in the dis cussion. They do nit dissemble to themselves the enormous cost, but they have unlimited faith in the resources of their young community ; but, " when we have brought back the fourteen Southern States to their allegiance," they say, " when we have triumphed over this secession of so vast a division of the republic, what State or combination of States, will have a chance of again attempting a dissolution of partnership ? What fraction will ever rise in re bellion against the whole, and run the chances of so severe a punishment as we are now inflicting on the Southern traitors ?" And, warming with the subject, they glory with the assurance that 20 years' peace will be more than sufficient, not only to heal the wounds but to efface the very scars of the pre sent contest," when the Union," they say, "cemented by the blood we are now shedding, will acquire so much consistence at home and so great an ascend ancy abroad that not a cannon will be fired in the Old World without our goodwill and pleasure." It is to this strange ambition, to this vain lust of power, that the Union owes its main charm in Ame rican eyes. It is this longing to go forth as rulers that makes these strange people so readily amenable to the despotic rule that now weighs upon them. It is this same vague love of empire and dominion that makes them so tender of the alliance of the Russian autocrat, and so eager to press the hand which is stained with the blood of a generous nation struggling for existence. For their own part, the Democrats rely on the support of the lower classes, the mechanics in the cities, and farm labourers in the country, by whom the enlistment in the army has been most heavily felt, and among whom weariness of the unprofitab'e struggle begins to creep in. At some of the Demo cratic meetings held in the rural districts of this State, the assembled multitude often broke out into impatient cries of " Peace! Peace before they were even addressed by the Peace party orator. 'The partisans of Mr. Vallandigham are especially numerous in the southern counties of this State, which were originally settled by emigrants from Virginia, while the northern districts were over run by New Englanders. Throughout the whole range of these Western States—Ohio, Indi,na, Illi nois, &c.—the same distincti in between North and South is equally observable. In the North the Yankee element prevails and with it Yankee notions, customs, and principles; the southern zone along the Ohio river is held by a population sprung from the adjoining slave States, and is remarkable for its Southern associations, usages, and predilections. What most forcibly strikes me, in the meanwhile, in the midst of this turmoil of party agitation, is the almost unanimous disgust which seems to prevail among the wealthy and cultivated classes (irrespec tive of their democratic or republican tendencies) of the popular institutions under which they are living, and especially of the principle of universal suffrage. NV all the exception of a few fanatics (to be met with in a proportion of less than 1 in 100), the most re• spectable persons are convinced that the pacifica tion of the country, if ever and however it may be achieved, must be followed by a revision of the con stitution, and especially by a limitation ofthe right of vote. The Americans, I may say most conscien tiously, are sick of mob rule. They begin to fiet against an order of things which scared the most worthy citizens from public life, and gave the man agement of State affairs into the hands of the popu lace, and of the unprincipled demagogues who minis tered to their vilest passions. I found the same feel ing equally widespread in the East as in the West, equally rife in the North and South. The well-to do people, the men of cultivation and character, the inextinguishable aristocracy of the country long for an opportunity to regain the place they are entitled to in the community, a place from which their own remissness and pusillanimity, no less than the sense less and brutal principle of absolute equality, had hurled them. They want the best men to stand fore most, and they hope to put an end to a system iu wnich the highest recommendation for a candidate is the fact that he is a perfectly obscure individual, a man against whom no antecedents, good, bad, or indifferent, can be quoted, a man furnishing no hold to the unsparing malevolence of partisan warfare. They wish for an electoral law, based upon the "sense" of the nation, and long to do away with that plebiscite, which can centre the vote of millions u 2 e ° ll _ , Et " half-witted fellow" (the expression is of thWhether the -A ew York Herald—not mine), who comes into the supreme are likely t o b 0 votes. ish 999 out o 10 p 0 ower perfectly unknown to at least it w.es of those well-meaning patriots Inn be eearried into effect, and to what ex tentquestion but that populac e a found practicable to wrench from the • right of which they generations, may be a different session fo r several have been in posy widely spread and wishes exist, and that they ness. Among the lee dee ply utli . rooted, I can bear wit indeed, much further, and whom neian fashion—would indeed, who would icans there are not a few iterun3rn.ent"—ie, an irre sponsible but a " strop sponsible despotism iu the satisfy; but, at all events, thewincensity for a change preeent civil is everywhere felt, and this for future dissensions, should give opportunities struggle be satisfactorily terminated. It is not easy to got at any reliable information to the position of t he armies of the Cumb er land as the Government not only wite holds ell informet'ioas but strains every nerve to hoodwink and mislead nublic opinion by all manner of oracular hints and barefaced false reports. As far as I can make out, it would seem that General Rosencranz is cut, oft :torn eerneeunication with hie base of operation at Nashville, and that Beraside has fencn back from East Tennessee, and withdrawn as far as Lebanon, in Kentucky, where a traveller asserts having seen the bulk of that General's store and ammunition waggons. Three more steamers have been consumed by in cendiaries at St. Lonis, and one at Milliken's-bent. The destruction of the latter was attended with grievous loss of life. The dissensions in the Cabinet at Washington lave attained a very eerloas character. The Hon. THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 23, 1863, Frank Blair, a General and a member of Congress, an accomplished and ambitious man, has been for the last two or three weeks addressing from St. Louis very deliberate attacks against Mr. Chase and the President, ignoring their policy in general, and inveighing especially against those obstacles raised by the officers of the Customs against the naviga tion of the Mississippi to which I alluded in one of my letters from St. Louis. More lately, Mr. Blair's brother, the Postmaster-General, a member of the Cabinet, has spoken out and written in the same sense, and his long-smothered hostility to Mr. Chase and to the Ultra-Republican faction in the Cabinet threatens to come to an open outbreak. The Western merchants endeavour to explain the recent rise in the price of gold—which is now at 1471—by the fact that Mr. Chase has effected large purchases of it at the New York market, and will endeavour, by further purchases, to keep it up at 150, with a view to prevent its exportation to Europe, and to compel the merchants to export pro duce instead. the trumpery one relating to the purchase of perfumery, soap, and articles of that description. He might mention that, instead of the amount paid for those articles being £lOB it was only £9B; and the committee, in reference to this matter, had acted precisely in the same manner as the committee who had the management upon the occasion of the entertainment to the distinguished guests of the In ternational Exhibition, Similar articles were provided for not forget acc that entertainment, and the amount that was paid for them was £6B, but at the Royal banquet there were several addi tional tthafotr the th e increased e were entrusted with the duty of providing for the comfort atiroonoaulntr.oomThs,e Court is ur t t h would would and accommodation of a great number of distinguished per sons, and he told them frankly that ho, as chairman of t he committee, and having regard to th e d ut i es t h at were en trusted to him, resolved at nothing that money could purchase should be wanted. The hon. member, in the course of the speech he had made on the previous occasion, had made a graceful allusion to the King of Dahomey and his negro wives; and all the notice he (Mr, Truscott) should take of this part of his speech was, to express a sincere hope that if ever the King of Dahomey and any of his wives should pay a visit to this country that the hon. member might be appointed chairman of a committee to provide the necessary accommodation for them ; and ho had no doubt that if he were so appointed he would then en deavour to turn black into white, as he had on the present occasion endeavoured to turn white into black. (A laugh.) Another charge that was made against the committee was, that they had purchased china andglass to the amount of £6OO from a member of the Corporation—Alderman Copeland. The answer to this was, that it was left to the committee to take care that ev eryt hi ng was done in the best manner, and that tne most tasteful and elegant articles were provided for the entertainment; and they looked about and obtained tenders from the best people in the trade, and six houses sent in such tenders, and they selected what they thought were the best articles. These were all manufactured especially for the purpose, and he could inform the hon. member that by the price that was realised for them the Corporation was a gainer to the ex tent of £lOO by the difference of what would have been paid if such articles had been obtained upon loan ; and b e might remind them that this sum would pay the whole cost of the perfumery to which the hon. mem ber made so much objection. (near, hear, and a laugh.) H e would next allude to the charge of having improperly disposed of what the hon. member called " waifs and str „„ se „ It. Lad eatiuiat c d th e Value vf these articles at £6OO, but he (Mr. Truscott) would inform the Court that the utmost value of these articles was £l5O, and out of that was to be deducted the value of some ivory brushes orna mentally engraved with the Princess's arms, which were delivered to his wife under the resolution of the committee to which he had referred. The other "waifs and strays" consisted of some ivory hairbrushes, some bottles of eau-de- Cologne, only partly full, s ome perfumery, some scent bottles, from which a portion had been taken, and soap that had also been used. All these things were laid before the committee, and they considered what was best to be done with them ; and he would tell the Court that they considered it wasnot advisable, and that it would not have been credit able to the Corporation of London, or to its dignity, that such articles should have been disposed of by public auction, and they therefore did what was usual in such cases, divided them by lot among the member s of the committee. (Hear, hear.) The hon. member also taunted them with having spent £l5O in personal decorations, and £2OO in luncheons, and dinners, and the Court would judge what was the value of this charge. His hon. friend must have been aware that the committee were ordered to provide themselves with Court dresses, and if he did not know what the expense of this was he could tell him, that it cost the twenty mem bers of the committee one thousand pounds to carry out this order of the Court, and to uphold the credit and dignity of their position. This being so, he would ask the Court whether it was not really a monstrous thing to make a grave charge against the committee because they had taken thirty or forty shillings' worth of such miserable articles as had been referred to. The next complaint he had to answer was with regard to £2OO having been paid for luncheons and dinners, and to no larger a sum being allowed to other committees for their services during an entire year. Had the Court, however, any idea of what this committee had to do ? T hey had actually met seventeen times, they were always engaged from an early hour in the morning until 4 or 5 in the afternoon, and upon some occasions they had sat as late as 12 o'clock at night, and under these cir cumstances ould the Court consider that this charge is anything more than reasonable? (Hear.) The hon. mem ber had also talked about the conduct of the committee be ing " nuts" to Sir George Grey, but he would only observe that, if there were any nuts at all in the case, his friend had provided them, and not only the nuts but the crackers ; and he would add that when they were cracked he believed they would be found as empty as the charges he had made against the committee He had also referred to the "handle" the Metropolitan Board of Works would make of the transac tion, and said that they would make it a ground for saying that persons who acted in the manner the committee were alleged to h .ve done were not fit to be entrusted with the carrying ou t o f great public improvements; but in reply to this he (Mr. Truscott) would say, in conclusion, that they did not care for the Metropolitan Board of Works; but would appeal to the public, and refer to their bridges, the streets they had already opened up, the gaols tney had built, and the markets they had erected. Ho thought also that , n otwithstanding the unfounded charges which had been made by the hon. member, the Corporation might point to the entertainment given on the Bth of June as one that would for all time redound to the honeur and credit of the Corporation of the city of London. (Hear, hear.) At the conclusion of the speech of the hon, gentleman there was a burst of loud and continued cheering, Mr. Deputy DE JERSEY rose and suggested that it would be better, at that late hour of the day, and as there was a good deal of other business to be done, if there were to be any debate, it should be adjourned. Mr. TRUSCOTT said he was not aware whether there was to be any discussion or not. His only duty was to ask the Court to receive the report and agree to it, and the Court might take any course it thought proper. Mr. ROWE then moved that the report be printed and a copy sent to every member of the Court, and that its further consideration be adjourned, which was agreed to, and the subject then dropped. THE IRISH SOCIETY. Deputy RATHEONE moved that the Lord Mayor be ap pointed Governor of the Irish Society in the room of the late Alderman Humphery. Alderman DAKIN seconded the motion, which was car ried unanimously. The LORD MAYOR briefly thanked the Court for the honour it had conferred upon him by appointing him to this important office, and he said he received it as an additional proof of the satisfaction they felt at the manner in which he had performed the duties that had devolved upon him. (Hear.) He said he could assure them that he took a very great interest in the prosperity of the ancient Irish colony of the corporation, and in the important post to which they had elected him he would do all in his power to develop the resources of their Irish property and to enhance the inte rests of the Corporation. (Cheers,) THE GOVERNORSHIP OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL. Deputy SCAMELL brought up a report from the General Purposes Committee, having reference to the appointment of Mr. Cubitt, M.P., the late Lord Mayor, as one of the Governors of St. Bartholomew's Hospital. The Corporation, it will be remembered, claim under their ancient rights to appoint an alderman as one of the governors of the four Royal Hospitals; but it appears that at the time Mr. Cutitt was appointed—he had resigned his aldermanic gown, and a case was submitted to Sir F. Keliy, Sir Hugh Cairns, Mr. Bovill, Q.C., the Recorder, the Com mon Sergeant, and the Comptroller, as to whether the ap pointment, under those circumstances, was a legal one. The report stated that these high legal authorities had g iven an opinion that it was not, and they advised that th e q uestion should be tried by a writ of quo warranto. Some little discussion took place upon this question, every one of the speakers disclaiming the slightest intention of doing anything disrespectful to the late worthy alderman, who, they said, no one could be acquainted with without entertaining for him the highest esteem and respect; but it was urged that, as the Corporation had, at various times, subscribed in hard cash towards the maintenance of this hospital no less a sum than .53,000, in addit i on to other advantages, the Court was bound to pr otect the ri g hts a nd privileges of the Corporation, which m i g ht be infrin g ed by other parties if the pres e nt election wa s allowed to fo rm a precedent. The report was agreed to, and th e Cit y Solici tor was directed to tak e th e necessar y sups in the matter. un A de ld r er th m e a i n l D a a m k e in s Cwoanssearpvpaonicny Act,ted on in the room of thee of the Conserv a t ors late Alderman Humphery. The Court then adjourned, after a protracted sitting. Full be ne fit o f re d uce d duty obtained by pur chasing Horni man ' s p ure Tea ; very choice at 3 s . 4 d. and 4s. "High St an d ar d" a t 4s. 4d. (fo rmerl y 4s. B d.) , is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every town supply it in p a ck e t s . RELIEF OF TIIE DISTRESS I N LANCAS HIRE. - The Times g i ves th e f o ll ow ing as a compen di ous account of the recipients of relief at successive periods of the cur rent year :- From Guardians From both From Local Total (out-doer) Guardia „„ and Committees Number only. Local Committees. only. Relieved. January 82,156 .. 138,889 .. 23,),741 .. 456,786 February 65,916 .. 141,019 • • 233,564 .. 410,529 March 70,500 .. 133002 • • 222,909 .. 426,411 April 69,515 .. 114,637 .. 180,247 .. 364,419 May 67,766 .. 93,124 • • 133,391 .. 294,981 Jung 73,263 .. 76,175 .. 104,792 .. 256,230 July 78,417 .. 56618 .. 78,983 .. 211,115 August 8:5,261 .. 49' 594 • • 70,103 .. 20-5,201 September 87,079 .. 41,916 • • 55,630 .. 184,625 Though the Board of Guardians are now relieving 87,000 persons instead of 82,000, the total numbers relieved from all sources have fallen by successive decresements from nearly half a million to 181,000. In December last no fewer than 247,230 cotton operatives were out of work altogether, while 165,600 were on short time and 121,129 only on full time. At the end of last month these proportions were reversed, for 267,962 were in full work, 104,198 on slort work, and only 160,835 or:i, of work entirely, SPIRIT OF THE PITBLIO JOURNALS. TIMES.—It is an ill wind that blows no good, and the garotte robberies of last winter have certainly given rise to a reconsideration of the whole question of Prison Discipline which bids fair to restore it to its simple and natural use. The subject was imme diately taken up at some of the Quarter Sessions, and the matter does not appear to have been allowed to drop. The Hampshire justices appointed a com mittee last Epiphany Sessions to consider the subject, and we published their report onTaesday, illustrated by some excellent remarks from Lord Carnarvon, who appears to have been the principal member of the committee. Like every other improvement, the sug gestions of the report seem likely to be contested in the interest of the ratepayer, for one gentleman " thought it incumbent on him to raise a voice of solemn warning" that, if the magistrates adopted the scheme, they might be called upon to sanction, " not a three-farthing, but a penny rate." The dread of so awful a consequence, even for a time, will probably make it" incumbent" on some gentle men, who think immediate economy the first duty of administration, to do their best to oppose the scheme; but it would be a vast improvement on the existing system, and the considerations which have led to it deserve general attention. Lord Carnarvon proposes, in the first place, to inflict hard labour much more severely, and for a longer time, than has hitherto been the custom in Winchester Gaol. The maximum length of labour has hitherto been only eight hours, but it is proposed to lengthen this to ten hours, and to make eight of these severe labour on the treadmill. At the same time the prisoners are to be divided into classes, according to the length of time that they have been under sentence, the lowest class containing those who are suffering the first month of their imprisonment, and the highest those who have been in gaol 12 months ; and when we say that the report only requires this last class to leave three hours a day of treadwheel or crank labour, the remainder of the hours of work being employed in lighter work or industrial occu pation, the scheme will not be considered excessively severe. It is proposed, then, that the lighter or industrial labour should gradually take the place of the harder and more penal kinds, but that this alleviation in a prisoner's punishment should be made entirely dependent on hie good conduct in the lower classes. The report, also, very wisely insists that this good conduct shall be estimated, not by the facile judgment of sanguine and good natured officials, but by the prisoner's actual exer tion in voluntary industrial work. He is supposed, in short, to earn his relief by steady labour beyond what is imposed upon him. The Report contains, at the same time, suggestions for increasing the severity of all the conditions of prison life. It pro poses to diminish the hours of sleep ; to put a stop to, or greatly limit, the habit of outdoor exercise; and to reduce the diet, by eliminating from it, as far as possible, all animal food. It aims, in short, at making the punishment of imprisonment as sharp and severe as possible, and, at the same time, giving the prisoner the opportunity of softening it by pre cisely the same means as those by which a man earns a position and a character in actual 11.fe—that is by honest and steady labour. It is quite certain, from the nature of the regulationswhich these suggestions propose to supplant, that some great increase in the severities of prison life had become necessary. It would be hardly credible on any other authority that open air exercise has become of late yens a substitute for hard labour ;" that " in all graver offences the food of the prisoners is very superior to that of the poor population ;" that as much as ten hours was regularly allowed for sleep ; and that, finally, a library has been established, in which secular books of an interesting character are lent to the prisoners." Acd to' this that the rule of silenee has been so laxly enforced that a mutinous combination was detected in the prison, and we certainly have a state of things which re lieves solitary confinement of half its terrors. We have the picture of a prisoner who does a small amount of task work in the course of the day, re lieves himself by an easy amount of out-door exer cise, enjoys more rest at night than is possible for any labourer or man of business, and more, indeed, than is good for his own health, and diverts the monotony of his leisure hours by reading "secular works of an interesting character.' If the county magistrates themselves have not the common sense to change such idle regulations we can only say it must and certainly will be done, sooner or later, by public authority. This report rightly declares that penal discipline is, after all, the first and principal part of the treatment of a prisoner. The sentence is a punishment, and it is only an adaptation of its terms which enables it to be used for any other pur pose. It cannot possibly be pretended that the only object which the law has in view in its penalties is the reformation of the criminal. Such a considera tion would make all capital punishment, and even penal servitude for life, an absurdity. The simple, undeniable object of affixing penalties to laws is to deter criminals by the fear of punishment, and consequently the first duty of those who have to administer the law is to make punishtre nt real and painful. If, besides this, they can employ the opportunities given them by having the prisoners for a long time under their control in extir pating :heir bad habits, so much the better, and an extra farthing rate for the purpose, if it can be carried out, ought not to be grudged. But this is merely a right and prudent use of an accidental advantage, and ought to be kept strictly subordi nate to the first purpose. Let the justices first earry out the intention of the law, and then indulge their philanthropy. Besides, the practice recently grown up defeats its own ends. To a thorough crimi nal, such as most of those who are committed to our county gaols, there is no such reforming agent as severe punishment. Lord Carnarvon draws, perhaps, too marked a line of distinction between penal and reformatory discipline. Penal discipline by its very nature is reformatory, wherever reform is posaibie. The cases are very rare, if they occur at all, where a man once committed to bad habits is induced to stop in them by any other reason than the fear of the consequences —that is of punishment. A burnt child fears the fire, but it only learns to fear the fire because it burns, and there are hundreds of men and women who only ' learn wisdom by experience, which in most cases is punishment. The treadwheel and the crank are as wholesome and natural conse quences of forgery as a burn is of putting one's hand in the fire, and if children or criminals were to find that they could play with fire with comparative im punity we should soon be involved in a general con flagration. This report, therefore, wisely proposes to commence in all cases with a sharp and severe punishment, and only to lead the prisoners to new courses when they are thoroughly sickened with the consequences of the old ones. Let them find they have burnt their fingers, and then learn to employ themselves with more harmless things than fire. We trust that none of the paltry economy we have referred to will prevent the adoption of such principles as these. From some statements in the course of the debate on the report it really seemed as if the relaxation of the prison rules had arisen to a considerable extent from some such foolish motive. The want of a sufficient number of cranks, and the bad construction of those which existed, seem to have led to the gradual diminution of hard labour, and it appeared that a stricter discipline in the pri son could not be enforced without a larger number of warders. But to hesitate to introduce these re forms from dread of a penny instead of a three-far thing rate is, not to be penny wise and pound foolish,—it is to be penny foolish and pound mad. Under the present system we pay much more thah a farthing rate in an increased number of criminals, an increased loss of property, and an increased inse curity. To secure an efficient administration of criminal law can never be anything but a sound economy. _ . DAILY NEWEL—When the Southern party was dominant at Washington, and conquests, annexa tions, and filibustering expeditions were the en grossing occupation of American statesmen, a phrase was current by which it was imagined that all law less aggression was excused and justified, or rather by which the blame was wholly transferred to the weaker resisting party. Mexican wars, Texan annexations, Nicaragua expeditions were not to be imputed as a fa'ilt, for it was the " manifest destiny" of the United States to overpower and absorb its neighbours. The phrase, we believe,was plagiarised from a customary expression of the First Napoleon. It did not, however, impose on the understanding of honest men either in the New or the Old World. The " force of circumstance" is a plea as old as the race, and may be employed to excuse every act of wrong. Nothing is easier than for States or indi viduals to place themselves by one irrevocable step in circumstances which make a certain course of conduct inevitable without making it right. Recent events are suggesting the inquiry—has Great Bri tain, too, a " manifest destiny ?" That her general policy at all resembles that which is identified with the American Presidents of the last thirty years her bitterest enemy will not allege. But her best friends may well he anxious whon they hear particular lines of national action which have led to events with which nobody is satisfied, palliated with the same equivocal faltering excuses which they have rejected when urged to cover the acts of other nations. Take the latest news from Japan. A squadron of the fleet of which we are sojustly proud has just visitad Kagesima, one of the cities of that country, to de mand satisfaction of Prince Satsuma, s iable who a p pears to be master there. Not receivi n g a in uat f ew reply, our Admiral opened fire, an d in flames ;,, hours was able to report, 4. Whole ` own o ne mass and again, on the following. day,o have destroyed City of ruins." so easily, was K t f e ° h si e m m 3 e . of an an i mmen se population, said to number 180,000 people. It would be a considerable relief if some great Minister, or in his default a great Minister's journalist, could assure us that he is delighted with this brilliant feat, and would give us some reasons for sharing his satisfac tion. Is it honour or profit that we are to reap from the destruction of Kagosima ? Whichever it may be we could better have spared it. If we exa mine the steps by which we have advanced to this catastrophe we find that—assuming that we did right in the first place to force ourselves on a nation that was known to dread intercourse with foreigners —we find that they were all unimpeachable. We have not been hasty ; we have not been angry. Our deportment, in fact, has been most exemplary. We have advanced with a calm air and words of mode ration to do a deed which is terrible to think of. One of our countrymen had been murdered in Japan, and the Government was too weak to seize the mur derers, believed to be the retainers of Prince Sat suma ; so we resolved to take the redress which could not be given. We have destroyed a city, and with it a great number of innocent people; it is not said that we have destroyed Prince Satsuma. "But what were we to do ?" it is asked. What indeed ! It was " manifest destiny." HERALD,—We have no difficulty in giving Lord Russell credit for a sincere desire—subordinate, of course, to the all-engrossing love of distinguishing himself—to see Poland pacified and the Poles in the enjoyment either of the absolute independence they claim or of the privileges which were accorded them by the Treaties of Vienna. At the same time we have not the slightest hesitation in saying, and shall not have the slightest difficulty in showing, that his lordship, in his efforts to help the Poles, has done them as much injury as it was possible for an English statesman to do. His despatches to St. Petersburg, his active exertions to obtain the assent of his allies to the presentation of a quasi ultimatum to Russia, encouraged the insurgents with the hope of European intervention, and stimulated them to carry on the war by immense sacrifices, only to find all their hopes disappointed and see Themselves left to contend alone with the gigantic resources of Russia, embittered by the prolongation of the struggle and the interference of foreign Powers. Sad as have been the consequences for the Poles, an indulgent critic may find some excuse for these mistakes of his lordship in the popular outcry that something should be done when circumstances ren dered it impossible to do anything useful. But his last grand coup—his parting fling at Russia—can find no excuse. It is the heaviest blow yet struck at Poland, the greatest possible concession to Russia. I► t is the renunciation of the right of England to re monstrate at St. Petersburg on behalf of the Poles ; the release of the Emperor of Russia from all the conditions on which he holds Poland; the deprival of the Poles of all the remaining safeguards of their national independence and existence; and his lord ship actually fancies that all the while he is dealing a heavy blow to Russia, paying off Prince Gorts chakoff for his rebuffs, and helping the Poles. The Foreign Secretary has declared, in the name of England, that the Treaties of Vienna, so far as they concern Poland, are null and void. Me intimates to the Russian Government that the sanction then given to its possession of a portion of old Poland is withdrawn, and that no further right than that of conquest can be recognised. It may be that his lordship has not remitted the formal decree of for feiture to St. Petersburg, as has been stated with great confidence in quarters likely to be well in formed. He may still hope to overcome the reluc tance of Austria to commit herself to so dangerous a measure—dangerous to her not only in its immediate consequences, but in the precedents which may be drawn from it. But it matters very little. The Russian Government must take note of his words at Blairgowrie ; it must take note of the efforts he has made to obtain from France and Austria an identi cal declaration of forfeiture. And it must take note of them with a pleasure which it may be too politic, too polite, to express, but which must nevertheless be excessive. Poland no longer exists as a separate country; the Poles are no longer a nation, except in the eyes of ethnologists. Politically they disap pear from the face of Europe with the winds that carry away the torn fragments of the Treaties of Vienna. Austria, Prussia, and Russia will have Polish provinces and Polish subjects, but there is no kingdom of Poland. Posen and Gallicia, acid War saw, or however else it may be called, will show where once Poland was. The treaties of Vienna, sadly violated as they have been by all the Powers partitioners of Poland, have kept alive the Poles as a nation. The kingdom of Poland was there—a visible sign of its existence—a sign which Russia did not venture to remove. If the Russian Govern ment violated, or as it says, interpreted in another way from the other powers, the treaties of Vienna, it never ventured to disregard them. It always re cognised that it held Congress Poland upon other conditions than the rest of the empire. It always maintained the distinct administration stipulated in the treaties ; it never ventured upon such measures against the Polish language as were employed in Posen, and the vast majority of its officials have always been Poles. Had the treaty not existed the Czar Nicholas would certainly not have waited a month after the suppression of the insurrection of 1830 to incorporate the kingdom of Poland in the Russian Empire ; to have removed all distinc tion between its provinces and the rest of the em pire, and to have suppressed as far as suppression was possible the Polish language, habits, and reli gion. It lay then at his mercy. No Power would or could have interfered. But he felt that he held that part of Poland at least upon conditions, and although he interpreted some of those conditions in a different sense from Lord Palmerston and Lord Heytesbury, Count Sebastiani, and Prince Talley rand, he did not repudiate any one of the obliga tions they imposed. It is due to that recognition of his treaty obligations that Poland still lives. Thirty years of incorporation with Russia, 30 years of go vernment by Russian functionaries, 30 years of sup pression of the Polish language and the energetic prosecution of measures which would have killed the national feeling, and Poland would have been forgotten. She might have rebelled as now, but what power would have interposed on her behalf ? Lord Russell had no other ground than the treaties of 1814-15 to justify his intervention ; without such a justification no English Government would have offered a word of remonstrance against any mea sures of Russia. Now the Poles, by the act of their warmest friends, are deprived of all this protection. Russia is declared to have forfeited all the rights which the treaties gave her to Poland, and losing all the rights so given she is released from all the obligations which were the conditions of those rights. She holds Poland now, Lord Russell de stares, by conquest. With that de facto possession he has no thought of meddling. It is now, there fore, perfectly within the competence of Russia to suppress the Polish kingdom as such, to incorporate its whole territory in the empire, to subject it to the common Russian administration, to suppress every national institution, to put Russian officials in every position, and make Russian the language of all administrative acts. The Great Powers—for France will no doubt follow the English example ; she has reasons of her own for aiding in every blow at the treaties of 1815—have cut their only ground for interference from under their feet, and can offer no remonstrance. Thus the Poles are left, in the sup pression of a struggle which has cost them enormous sacrifices, absolutely at the mercy of Russia. Their protectors have abandoned them completely under pretence of helping them. Lord Russell's declara tion of their forfeiture is the true Finis Polonice. It may be better for the Poles that it should be so. Better that an end should be put once for all to hopeless struggles which perpetuate a misery they cannot cure. Better that, abandoning dreams of Polish national life, they should submit to their destiny, and take the civil and religious liberties which, if they will once lay aside their national aspirations, are to be had for the asking. But that is not their opinion now ; it is not the opinion of Lord Russell; it has not been the object of the Eng lish Government; and even those Englishmen who have never seen the slightest chance of Polish triumph, who have regretted the useless slaughter, and have hoped that the Poles would seek liberty in the only way they can find it—in the acceptance of the fate which has made them Russian subjects — must feel ashamed of such a blunder. - - -- - [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Holloway's Ointment and Pills. — Sate and Sure.—Day by day are cases of ulcers, wounds, sores, contractions, and deformities cured by these well esteemed remedies, after all other means have been tried in vain. Varicose veins, and all descriptions of sores, which seem to defy the best surgical skill, succumb in a short time to the soothing, healing, and puri fying properties of Holloway's Ointment and Pills. 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The Right Hon. the Lord Mayor presided, and among the members of the Upper Bench present were Alderman Sidney, M.P., Alderman Carter, Alderman Gabriel, Alderman Mechi, Alderman Sir F. G. Moon, Alderman Finnis, Alderman Dakin, and Alderman Lusk, who took his seat for the first time since his election to the cffice, and who upon doing so was received with cheers from the members of the Court. There was a very full attendance of Common Councilmen, as it was known that there was a notice upon the paper of business having reference to the charges made against the Entertainment Committee upon the occasion of the visit of their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales to the City in June last. The LORD MAYOR, after the Court had been formally opened, rose and said that as this was the last time he should take his seat as chief magistrate of the city of London, he would take the opportunity of expressing his sincere thanks, both individually and collectively, to every member of the Court for the kind assistance they had rendered him during hit, year of office in pertorming titu duties of their president. He had had the unprecedented honour of being chief magis trate of the City during one of the most eventful periods in the history of the Corporation, and when they had sought to give an expression of their loyalty to their beloved Sovereign and her family under most eventful circumstances. The coming of age of the Prince of Wales and his marriage with the beautiful lady the subject of his choice were events that called upon this great Corporation to express their feelings of loyalty, and he thought it was a matter of congratulation that they had done so in the most satisfactory manner ; and he thought it was also a matter of congratulation that the country generally had so well followed their example. For his own part he could only assure them that he had most anxiously endeavoured to perform all the important duties that devolved upon him in a satisfactory manner, and he again thanked them for the kind assistance they had ren dered him in doing so. (Cheers.) FARRINGDON-MARKET. Mr. ANDERTON gave notice of a motion for the next Court, the object of which was to improve the present con dition of Farringdon-market, which, he said, in its present state was a disgrace to the Corporation. (Hear, hear.) THE CHARGES AGAINST THE ROYAL ENTERTAINgBN COMMITTEE. Mr. R. ROWE said that at the last Court a question had been submitted to the law officers of the Corporation through a resolution proposed by Deputy Elliott, and he wished to know whether those gentlemen had given an answer to that question. (Hem-, hear.) Mr, NELSON, the City solicitor, who was appealed to by the hon. memlioer, said that it w as customary i n all such cases not to lay the opinion b e f ore t h e C ourt unt il i t h a d been submitted to all the high e r legal clEcers. He had conferr ed with the Common Serg ean t an d t h e C omptroller, an d they had given their opi n i on upon t h e question su b m itt e d to them; but as the R ecorder was not now in Eng l an d he had not had an opportunity of communicating with him upon the subject, and he had, consequently, not signed the opinion; but if the Court wished to have the opinion read in its present shape he was quite ready to produce it. Mr. TM:SCOTT, the chairman of the Royal Entertain ment Committee, expressed his wish that the opinion should be read at once. Some other members of the Court, however, said they considered it advisable that the question and the opinion should be first submitted to the Recorder ; and eventually a division took place, when the Court, by a majority of 14, decided that the opinion of the three law officers of the Cor poration who had been mentioned should be at once laid be fore the Court. Mr. NV OODTHORPE, the town clerk, accordingly read the document. The question submitted, upon the motion o Deputy Elliott, was, whether any member of the Court had the right to take into his possession any goods or chattels belonging to the Corp ora ti on w i t h out t h e authority and sanction of the Court ; an d th e rep l y g i ven was, in that, answer to the abstract ques ti on su b m i tte d to them, the law officers of the Corpor a t ion were of op i n i on t h a t the members of the Court h a d no r i g h t to take i nto the i r poss ession any goods or chattels belonging to the Corporation without the consent of the Court; but they qualified this opinion by stating that in c er t a i n cases usage m i ght con f er such a right, but that this usage was entirely under the control of the Court, and might be annulled by it at any time. Mr. TiII:SCOTT shortly afterwards brought up the report . of the Roy a l E n t erta i nment Comm i ttee, an d m oved that 1, be read. Mr. WOODTHORPE accordingly read the document, which extended to a very great length, but which merely gave a detailed account of the proceedings taken by the committee to prepare for the reception of the Prince and Princess of Wales at the entertainment given to them in the Guildhall on the Bth of June last. The public is well aware of the many difficult duties the committee had to perform, and the satisfactory termination of their exertions, and it will not be necessary further to allude to these particulars. It ap peared that the total cost of the entertainment, and all the arrangements connected with it, was only £15,00 0 . Mr. TRUSCOTT then addressed the Court, and sa id that un der ordin ar y c i rcumstances h i s duty wou ld have been simply to move th a t the report be received and agreed to ; but as at the last mee ti ng of the Court an hon. member h ad thou g ht proper t o b r i ng forward charges of malapproPr iation of pro perty against th e committee, and particularly a gainst him self personally, he felt it due to his own honour, and also to the committee, that he should state:every circumstance con nected with the transactions referred to by that hon. member, and give, as he had promised to do, a complete answer to the charges that had been made. He need not, he was sure, remind the Court in the outset of the very im portant task that had been undertaken by the entertainment committee, and he believed he might also say that they had been congratulated on every aide on the success that had attended their exertions and the manner in which they had performed their duty. (Hear.) He might also inform them that at a meeting of the committee on the day after the en tertainment there was a proposition by the members of it that some acknowledgment should be made to him for his services as chairman, but he at once refused to receive such an acknowledgment, and stated that he wad only desirous that the entertainment to be given to the royal pair should be carried out successfully, and in a manner that was likely to redound to the honour of the corporation, and if he suc ceeded in these objects he was amply repaid for any services he had rendered. Nothing more was done at this time ex cept to appoint a sub-committee to collect the various articles and check the accounts, and the committee did not meet again until the 12th June, and at this time every article ex cept a few trifling ones was found to be intact. He would now tell them what subsequently occurred. They were aware that two ladies rendered most important services in carrying out the object in view of receiving their illustrious guests in a becoming manner. One of these ladies was the Lady Mayoress, who by the grace and dignity she exhibited threw alineat a charm over the proceedings in which she took a part. The other lady, although the duties that de volved upon her were not of such an onerous and important character as those performed by the Lady Mayoress, still he believed had carried them out to the satisfaction of their royal and distinguished guests. (It should be explained that the second lady referred to by the hon. member was Mrs. lru He w en t on to say t h a t w h en th e committee met ou ' th sc e ° l .) 2th of June they came to a unanimous resolution that the whole of the furniture and the fittings in the bou doir of the Princess should be presented to his wife. (Hear, hear,) The hon. deputy who had brought these charges against him and the committee appeared to have dived into the recesses of the Chamberlain's office, and what ho said was that all the costly furniture in the boudoir of the Prin cess had disappeared : but he would tell them what the real facts were. The furniture was undoubtedly of the most valuable and costly description, and was probably worth £6OO or £7OO. (Cries of "Oh, oh.") He did not stand there to disguise anything, and if hon. members would wait for a short time before they expressed any opinion, he believed they would say he had done nothing that was derogatory to his own honour, or to the credit of the Corporation. (Hear.) He looked at the articles that were proposed to - be given to his wife, and seeing their costly character, ho at once ob served to the committee that he would noe accept them ; if he wanted such articles, he was net a poor man and was nn able to b u y th em , an d t h e on l y art i cles he allowed to be present e d to his wife were some portions of tha furniture on which the arms o f t h e Pr i ncess were emblazoned, and other articleswere the only which cou ld no t b e purc h ased. (Hear, hear.) These thi ngs which he would acce pt un d er th e re solution of the committee, and he bolieved this Court would so received, ho W as say that h Bwwisahsecjintsutified in ' what be dd. (Hear, hear.) If the entire Value of the the Court know the exact value of th© articles ho howeverfu so limited in comparison with No, no. ") It ass s quito willing to tell them. (Cries of (Hear.) He trusted that thus far that ho thought it was in the boudoir of the Prin cess,nh he thug would t now d o Npvritohcewedhaatrahe casialetidsfy fe p r e h rh e a h p a s d be v t i t n e d r ie n a o t t ed to h d im o s s e o lf . from this portion of the char : s t rd e by the hon, member, of thetheavaifs and strays, the Court entertainment. would auntie was h an ad d or the "son and jetsam" laugh.) The first subject to which he AN AFRICAN GENTLEMAN, After being duly scrubbed, the gentleman proceeds to his robing court, where sundry large boxes, like sea-chests, contain his dresses and ornaments. He is extremely fastidious about the choice of his toilette, opening, and per haps tying on, a dozen cloths before one suits his fancy. He will kiss it in token of admiration or respect if it has be longed to h's ancestors: A silk pocket handkerchief is then folded triangularly and passed through a loop in the knife scabbard—like the British sailor, they are abandoning the clasp knife for the bowie form—which is thus attached to the right side. His skin is then polished up with a little palm oil, and his neck, wrists, and ankles are adorned with strings of coral or beads, and substantial metal or ivory rings, sometimes decorated with his English name cut out, or " fixed" in various coloured tacks. Finally, his wool is carded, with a comb made of bamboo, whose three or four long prongs are fit only for a horse's mane, and a casquette of broadcloth supplants the scarlet night-cap, fashionable in former days. The kerchief intended for hand use is hung, cravat or scarf like, round the neck or wrirt. Here, as in the Highlands, pockets are wanting. The toilette being thus finished, breakfast is served. It is a little dinner, ordinarily consisting of fowl , fish, mashed yam, the latter, however, hard, intoxicating. The cooking tastingsoup , andliketosmo a b p o , 8 u o d r al andm - w v i e n r e y , is excellent when English dishes are not attempted. . The meal always concludes with an external application of soap and water. After the breakfast tombo is drunk, the warm and savoury nature of the food requiring copious draughts. It is a diuretic, and promotes perspiration, so many a gallon will disappear in the course of a day. When the natural appetite fails, they suck slices of the acid lime, or chew kola nut, or eat ossessossa, a tasteless yellow berry, with a large stone and little pulp, which is said to increase intoxication. When half-drunk the gentle man retires to a cool room, where, fanned by young girls in a state of nature, he sleeps away the sultry hours of noon. After the siesta he receives or pays visits to his friends, being careful not to appear without armed slaves carrying his large juju and his snuff-box. He does not dip finger and thumb into the latter, but pours it into the palm of the hand, and leisurely makes up a pinch. Whenever he meets a white man he shakes hands, or rather cracks fingers, holding the crackee's index between the forefinger and thumb of the right hand—the left is devoted to another purpose—and loosing snaps them together. It is a knack somewhat difficult to acquire properly. The inferior chiefs and upper slaves are devoted to gambling; all cheat when they can, and a man after losing his supplies, which repre sent coin, will part with his beads, armlets, and anklets, next follow knife, nightcap, loin cloth, and lastly his wives, relations, and himself. Some of them have proved adepts at European games, especially draughts. When the gentle man stays at home, he performs upon some native instru ment, grinds a barrel-organ, or enjoys a musical box, a throng of his wives and children peeping through the doorway. Or he looks at conjuring tricks, and perchance jokes with his jester, some slave, whose dry humour, sharp tongue, salt wit, and power of mimicry have made him a favourite. Africans are uncommonly keen in perceiving and in caricaturing any ridicule—they have never,' how ever, attained the dizzy height of art in the days of Thespis. A dinner similar to breakfast is eaten at 4to 5 p.m. * * It is wound up by smoking and drinking tombo, to which, however, at this hour, the damned distillation' is preferred, and the gentleman turns in drunk at midnight. The women and children pass their day in a far humbler manner—they begin at dawn by washing in the creek, they then repel' to the artistess who performs the mysteries of body painting. The favourite colour is blue; red, how ever, is also used. * * The head woman, whose face and body, arms and legs, have thus been decorated, dresses herself in beads and shawls, or fine cloths, and sallies out after breakfast to see her friends. Sometimes she is re ceived with a nautch, than which no cancan can be grosser—the more literal it is the more she enjoys it. * * * Women of the poorer sort pass their time in mak ing nets, hats, fishing-lines, and little mats. * * * Ladies who are not favourites with the lords their hus bands, and all wives of poor men, perform servile work, fetching water, cutting and carrying fuel, fishing with seines, and smoking and drying the proceeds.— Wanderings in Western Africa. COUNTRY MARKETS. BRISTOL—THInts DAY. We had a good supply of wheat to-day, and last week's rates were about maintained. In foreign wheat ra ther more doing at prices unobtainable last week. Barley of all kinds in large supply, and fine samples sold freely. Oats sold at full prices The trade in Indian corn rather more active. Beans dull. BIRMINGHAM-THURSDAY. During the present week transactions have been rather limited, and wheat has been held firmly at previous rates. To-day wheat was in fair supply, and English sold slowly at last Thursday's prices. American held for an advance. Barley and oars 6d per qr lower. Beans and peas as of late. English wheat was mold at 44s to 48s for white, and 40s to 44s per 36 stone for red, Barley, new malting, 36s to 42s per qr ; grinding, 26s to 30s Oats, old, 24s to 30s per 30 stone ; Irish, 21s t 01255. Beans, 40s to 44s per qr. Peas, 36s to 44s per 36 stone. MANCHESTER-THURSDAY. At our market this morning the demand for wheat was very limited. English new dry samples held for the prices of this day se'nnight, and damp parcels would have been parted with at less money. Good runs of foreign saleable to a moderate extent; lower qualities neglected. Flour ex ceedingly difficult of sale, and Gd to is per sack lower. Oats and oatmeal firmer. EDINBURGH GRAIN—OcT. 21. A large supply of farmers' wheat to-day, which met a dull sale at about the prices of last week. Barley met a slow sale, and prices is per qr down. Beans were slow of sale. Oats dull, and is lower. Wheat on the top 2s Od up. average Os 3d down. Barley on the top Os 6d up ..........average Os 7d down. Oats on the top 2s 6d down average is Oct down. Beans on the top 4s 9d up ..average is 2d up. Total Supply and Sales. Wheat ...1110 qrs Sold 618 qrs Barley... 2356 qrs Sold 1633 qrs Oats Beans 2l qrs Sold 13 qrs -- - -- _ - Flour sells as follows :—Whites, 38s Od ; extras, 36s Od ; superfine,l34s Od; fine, 32s Od. DERBY SMIT .FIELD-0 CT. 20. Beet Mutton .. Lamb Bd to —d Rough fat 3s 9d per stone, Hides, 3d to 4/d; call skins, 6d to 6d. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DIIE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton. . . Nov. 19. via Marseilles Nov. 13. Lirazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. Nov. 4. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena Oct. 29. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Seuthampton Nov. 2. via Marseilles —Oct. 27. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton ...Oct. 26. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton.. Oct. 26. _.via Marseilles.... Oct. 27. Oct. — India (Bombay), via Southampton via Marseilles Oct. 21. P0rtuga1.......... Malta, _Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Oct. 25. via Marseilles Oct. 21, Newfoundland ..Oct. 28. Oporto and Vigo .. .. U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.... Oct. 22, by U.S. packet.... b Canaan 0 ct. 23. W.C. of Africa, M a d e i ra, and Ty eneriffedi packet. Nov. 10. Bahamas, via New York Ost. 22, Mexico Oct. 29. All parts of W Peru, `Vest Indies, including Chili, .. „ California. and B r iti s h Columbia.. Oct. 29. "JULLIEN'S CONCERTS" are about once more to challenge the attention of London pleasure-seekers. The once magic name is borne by the son of the late shef, M. Louis Jullien. He announces a six weeks' series of Pro menades, to begin on the 2d November, at Her Majesty's Theatre. Births. ASHBURNHAM. — On the 21st inst., at Aahburnham House, the Countess of Ashburr ham, of a son. BARRTNGTON.—On the 21st Aug., at Melville, near Cape Town, the Hon. Mrs. Henry Barrington, of a daughter. CARIL—On the 22d inst., at The Knoll, Blackheath, Ms. Mark William Carr, of a son. DENT.—On the 22d inst., at The Grove, Balham, the wife of Stanley D ent , Esq., of a daughter. Marriages. BEATSON--STOKES,—On the 21st inst., atWorfield Church, Shropshire, David Beatson, Esq., youngest son of the late John Beatson, Esq., of Rotherhithe, Surrey, to Sarah Catherine, youngest daughter of the late Michael Smith Stokes, Esq., of Roughton, near Bridgnorth, Shropshire. Fl ST — SultmoN.—On the 21st inst , at Saint Stephen's, Islington, Robert G. Rist, of Edwardes-terrace, Ken sington, to Ellen, youngest daughter of Henry Surmou, Esq., of Canoubury Villas, Islington. Deaths. BULLER.—On the 19th inst., at Edinburgh, Lieut. Edward Buller, R.N., one of the Naval Knights of Winds9r, aged 59. Braair.—On the 21st inst., at Clifton, Mr. James Bligh, jun., of the firm of Messrs. J. and 0. Bligh, aged 49. FixTeTTER.--On the 20th inst., at Berated Lodge, Bognor, John Ballett Fletcher, Esq., Esq., J.P., of Sussex and Lincolnshire, aged 56. PETERS.—On the 21st inst ,at The Grange, Kilburn, Mid dlesex, Thomas Peters, Esq., aged 85. TI CHBORNE.—On the 22i inst., Everard Francis, infant son of Sir Alfred and Lady Tichborne, aged 10 months. WILMOT.—On the 15th Aug , killed in action on board H.M.S. Euryalus, in Japan, Commander Ed. Wilmot, third son of Sir Henry S. Wilmot, Bart., of Chaddes den. London : Primed and PuNished by, WILLIAM ANDREW: 2, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN Office No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the 'Savoy, in the County of iiildlwx„. 7 Friclay, October 23, 1863. 1 H Ningd Notice One o contai &rvic at the ALICKI in c" - RU h • aJesty f rom• sl 1. Bro 2. Reg We' I. We I °. Cro 11 . San Se each P o a t r tatel y g: P c qi t ort ni led bet 0 vreen ar ti "lde 4t th s e l. ;r, c),;), the o'cioc r I IRN g room 12 ia l P ,11)p yei sivs , C bql: t u o " I , O Pa-1 tain ec r• betw„ n c Th e delivere outsid e be no4ic a nd deli rill EIS to suppl in such ber, Isc3 Porces s Form. twined 0 'Ween The 'I deliverer o utside n oticed delivere ,__ TEN 1863 12 tc; rAIL Mr. 9 'MINE] lacilital CHOL( tach. PRA( RALOt At. Do„), Ch ai. Repc That That yen an(' That a;l a u n tt c Value per c holde Prem 70, an Ad Cent. T pRo, Tin Chase: and t] SAL N` ieceiv Purell Atllly 1 to h 4Te Ten Which ?dilita The any 01 k Th( 6. rim 7 . rim ;!. Wii 9• Br 4 bePut 5,