The Sun. — London, England, 1863-09-08 00:00:00

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA, (From the Times' Correspondent.) NEW YORK, Ang. 25. Great joy prevails among the Republicans, Aboli tionists, and Exterminators at the destruction of Fort Sumter and the probability of the capture of Charleston, or of the ruins of what was once that proud and valiant little city. They believe the end of the war to be close at hand, and their organs are all busily debating the terms of a reconstruction of the Union. They are not, for the most part, inclined to be merciful. Nothing less than the immediate emancipation of the slaves, the public execution of Mr. Jefferson Davis and Mr. Stephens, and a few of the most prominent Southern Generals, the banish ment of minor offenders, and the division of the plantations and all the cultivable wastelands of the cotton, sugar, and rice districts among the loyal servants of the Federal Government, seems to sa tisfy to their excited minds the justice of the cause. This done, the Confederate and Federal armies are to be united, reorganised, and divided into three great and invincible divisions ;—one to be retained at home for the preservation of domestic order; a second to be despatched to Mexico to vindicate the Monroe doctrine and expel the French from Mexico; and the third to march to Canada to wreak ven geance upon Great Britain for having allowed Mr. Laird and other, shipbuilders to construct Alabamas and Floridas to prey upon American commerce, and generally to rub off old scores with a nation whom it Is the point of honour to hate, to envy, and to desire o humiliate. The democratic party are less exube rant and demonstrative. They rejoice, it is true, at the approaching fail of Charleston, but they take a soberer view of the probable consequences of the vic tory. They understand the Southern temper better than their Republican brethren, and urge that the moment of success is not the moment of vengeance, but of conciliation; and call upon Mr. Lincoln, as soon as the Federal flag shall wave over Charleston and Chattanooga,to proclaim a general amnesty,and sum mon a convention of the people of all the States, bath North and South, to confer upon the terms of union, or of compromise. Bat though such opinions ere those of three-fifths of the Northern people, they are not those of the party in power. Mr. Lincoln ill exhibit no such statesmanship or generosity. lie is in the hands of the Revolutionists, and must do their bidding ; even though he awake hereafter to the melancholy conviction that he misunderstood his function, missed his opportunity, and was the real destructive of that edifice of constitutional li berty which it was his duty to conserve. While great events are pending in South Caro lina and in Tennessee, the people of New York are busily occupied with the conscription. On Wednes day last, when the draught commenced, from 20,000 to 25,000 troops, including infantry, cavalry, and artillery, were stationed at convenient points of the city to overawe the refractory multitude. Although not the slightest attempt at riot has occurred, the people, relying apparently on the 3,000,000 pro mised by the municipality as sufficient to purchase the exemption of every poor conscript who may be unwilling to serve, the Federal Government has not ceased to pour additional regiments into the city. Neither by day nor by night for the last week has the military invasion slackened for an ;:our. On Saturday and Sunday large numbers of infantry and cavalry arrived, among which was a considerable detachment from the army of the Potomac. Every square, enclosure, and open space from the Battery to the Central Park —a distance of five miles—has been converted into a camp. The children and their nuesemaids have been driven out of their shady haunts to make room for the sun-browned veterans of civil strife, and the scraggy steed* of the cavalry, for which the Federal Government has paid from £4O to £5O per head, but for which no London cab owner would give a £lO note. The troops look and behave as if they were in an enemy's country ; which may, perhaps, bo the fact. They are sup posed to have with them from 80 to 100 pieces of artillery ; but as no one out of the charmed circle of official and military life has taken the trouble to count theta, or knows anything but what cursory observation may elicit, it is possible that this num bcr may be exaggerated. At any rate the cannon aro nut concealed. They stand in public places, and prophesy, even while silent, of stirring days to come. Nor is the military the only force available. The two rivers that border the island of Manhattan are traversed night and day by vigilant little gun boats, which dart to and fro the whole length of the city, and are net only ready to pour a raking fire down rebellions cross streets that may be indicated to their commanders, but to transport Federal troops from point to point, thus obviating the delay and incovenience of a march. But as no military force whatever—not even a corporal's guard—is le gitimately required in New York at this moment, provided always that the municipality, in spite of the veto of Mayor Opdyke, intend to pass the ordi nance for the three million of dollars on which the people rely, it may well be asked why there is such a formidable display of military strength ? Events will answer—the Federal Government seem deter mined upon a coup d'etat. It does not wish the municipality to buy off its conscripts. It wishes to crush the rights of the State of New York, once and for ever ; and for this purpose nothing would be so much to its mind as a riot. Mayor Opdyke is doing its behests in this respect. He doggedly refuses to sign the ordinance which would render disturbance impossible and deprive it of its only pretext or jus_ tification. The truth is, that Governor Seymour is in Mr. Lincoln's way, and that the rights of the State are an impediment to the Federal des • potism, which it is part of the ministerial plan to establish. Military law to the supersedcnce of all others, to endure from this time until the conclusion of the next Presidential election, is what Mr. Lincoln and his friends mean. In filling New York with such an army as now occupies it, they have shown their cards. The most careless and uninterested of spectators can see the play. If dew York submit with but slight restiveness , G - " , "era' Dix will remain its military governor. If by forcible resistance to the draught it gives the Government ists the chance for which the Revolution . the Cabinet earnestly and which Mr. Opdyk e haspray , done his utmost to provoke, General Butler probably be the man of the hour ; and a stout nail will be driven by a strong band into the coffin of American liberty. If it were possibl e might be a purely to concede that the draught military and not a political measure, it might b e worthwhile to calculate from me nt is likely to derive additionalfr strength the Govern ment of its armies. wili o le m m it for the replenish- Chase has as much p o wer to "let on" greenba c k: . as a London turncoc k inexhaustible has to let on wate r — from the all but reser voir at his command—it is cle ar enough that the Govern ment needs men m ore than money that it owes sm all thanks to the rich conscri p t s w ho, and as soon as they are drawn, pa y the ir 30 0 dots ., a nd think no more o f the matter. The o nly gratitude it owes them is that they pay without grumbling. A tar larger class, composed of young men - -in trad e and learned professions —who can ill spare 300 d ots., but who would at any sacrifice rather pay thrice the money than serve personally, to the temporary re linquishment or permanent ruin of their business_ contribute their greenbacks to a fund, on which the Government may draw for the purchase of sub. stitutes; but they pay unwillingly, with a mental reservation against the unconstitutionality of the act which mulcts them of their hard-won substance, or quite as often with an outspoken opposition to the Government and its policy. Of these two classes it is estimated that not one in a hundred in New England and New York will take service. There remain only the labouring classes. What their sentiments are in New York is well known. Their belief that the municipality will do for them what the rich do for themselves keeps them quiet. It is possible, perhaps, that one in ten ameng them, young, strong, reckless, and not in permanent em ploy, may elect to don the uniform and shoulder the musket ; but if such be the proportion of real sol diers in all the three classes of people from whom they can be drawn, it is evident that the only re source of the Government is the purchase of substis tntes with the money thus provided. Where, then, are the substitutes to be foiled ? Among the newly arrived immigrants from Ireland and Germany in ► the first place, and, in the second, among the late volunteers who flew to arms at an early period of the struggle, and who, having survived the bloody battlefields of Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellor*ille, and Gettysburg, and served out their full term of enlistment, have returned home, if not smitten with a love of military life, unfitted for any other. These two resources combined will certainly not provide the Government with 300,000 men, or even with one-third of that number. At the utmost it may be calculated that 50,000 or 60,000 will be thus derivable. These 60,000 men will have cost the wealthier classes 90 millions dole., but will be procured by the Government for 18 millions, leaving it a gainer of 72 millions, which it does not need, and a large amount of unpopularity, which it cannot afford to possess. The conscription, how ever, is not a military but a political measure. By its own showing the Government is not really in want of men. Its supporters never cease to insist that the rebellion received its coup de grace at Gettysburg, Vicksburg, and Port Hudson, and that with the speedy capture or destruction of Charles ton the Union cannot fail to be re-established by the Ist of January. Why, then, demand fresh armies from an unwilling country ? "To crush out the liberties of the American people and establish the Republican party in power for another Presidential term, if not to inaugurate a military despotism," say the Democrats. "To drive the French oat of Mexico and the British out of Canada," say the Re publicans. How much truth there may be in either or in both of these allegations—for the one by no means neutralises the other—the events that must occur as soon as the canvass for the next Presidential election is fairly commenced will prove, perhaps when it will be too late for the American people to profit by the painfully acquired knowledge that they have been fooled and betrayed. At present, however, their thoughts run in a dif ferent channel. Always ardent worshippers of the " almighty dollar," they never before worshipped it with such singleness of heart and such intensity of devotion as now. The delusive hope of sudden wealth—to be won in a morning, and enjoyed for a long lifetime, possesses the minds of almost every body above the condition of a day labourer. The stock and railway share mania continues to rage with increasing fury. Ordinary business is too dull, slow, and unprofitable for consideration. Mr. Chase is issuing the reserve greenbacks which he has withheld, until unable to confront any longer the dissatisfaction of the army ; and there is a con sequent plethora of paper that inflates prices and sets the whole tribe of speculators mad with the passion of gambling. To those the prolonga tion of the war is bat the prolongation of the ehances of money -making. They dread nothing so much as peace, and are almost sorry that Fort Sumter has been destroyed. While the principals in banking-houses and brokers' offices are making their millions by assiduous watching of the chances of the fascinating game, their clerks can count their gains by tens and hundreds of thousands, Young men who a year ago were glad to serve at the desk for the modest salary of six or eight hundred dollars per annum now revel in newly-acquired wealth ; have their pleasant villas on the Hudson or on the East River; drink a fraudulent imitation of Chateau Margaux instead of lager beer ; buy their wives preposterous jewelry, and think it "common" in a lady to wear a shawl that has not cost a thousand dollars. Every one seems to be winning, and no one seems to be losing. So profuse is everybody's expenditure that a dollar appears to be of no more value in the estimation even of a waiter at a res taurant than a fourpenny piece would be in Eng land. The shoeblack thinks a passenger meaner than a Yankee who offers him less than an English shilling for cleaning his boots ; and an Irish hack driver would no more think of driving a traveller a mile through the streets for less than three dollars than he would think of performing the same service for pure love and affection. Never were such din ner parties given since New York was a city as aro given, now, Delmonico's three excellent restaurants in Beaver-street, Chambers-street, and Fourteenth ' street, at the beginning, the middle, and the end of the dining region of the metropolis, are kept fully employ ca ; and dinners of 20 or 30 persons at 20 dols. a head, exclusive of wine, are of nightly occurrence. The guests prefer the choicest and most costly vintages, regardless of the paper price. Madeira at 15 dole. a bottle, Chateau Laflitte at the same rate, and Cbarnbertin at 16 dole., are none too expensive for their tastes. Why should they be ? Do not many of these people often malco, as much as 10,.;00 in a forenoon in the rise of stocks that fluc tuate as much as 12 per cent. from day to day ? And have they not as touch right as the fool in Scripture to say, " Let us eat and drink for to morrow we die." The Charing-Cross Railway Terminus. The structure, with all the rest of the works connected with it, the hotel excepted, is fast approaching completion, and when finished will be one of the most extensive build ings of fhe kind in the metropolis, as it will be among the most convenient to the public. The frontage of the edifice will stand back from the line of the Strand about 120 ft., leaving a fine open space opposite the Church of St. Martin. in-the-fields, and affording commodious ap proaches to the station. The building, when complete, will occupy the whole of the ground east and west between Craven and Villiers streets, a distance of nearly 300 ft., and backward to the margin of the river; in other words, it will take in the entire site of what used to be Ilungerford-mar. ket, and a great deal of the adjacent property besides. The general plan of the station includes, as its most conspicuous feature, a hotel of magnificent proportions, which is being erected from design s by Mr. E. M. Bury, the architect. This part of the building will present a front of five storys towards the Strand, with a wing of equal elevation, occupy ing the greater part of the western aide of Villiers-street. The hotel is being built of atone and white bricks, orna mented here and there with terracotta. The Strand front will be surmounted by two lofty towers, one at each end, and have a pointed roof somewhat like that of the West minster Palace Hotel. The terminus itself will be covered by a lofty roof of iron and glass, with a span of about 170 ft, and similar in appearance and mode of construction to that of the New-street station of the London andNorth-Western Railway at Birmingham. Nearly the whole of the basement story fronting the Strand will be devoted to booking.officeB, w aiting-rooms, places of entrance and exit, an d t h e like, with an elegant roof or awning projecting over the foot and carriage way outside. The principal entrance to the hotel will be by a handsome portico at the corner of Villiers. street. Mr. Lucas is the contractor for are now employed.themaso nsroymoef 3 th oo e hotel, at which about 150 men parts of s . A I i h u e c works, hofths a i n r d o n a w b o 0 r u k t d d A l i e r r . s w i n ; t h e "the s, more are engaged in other £lOOO is expended weekly black country" during the last - g h eminent engineer, is also the principal contractor for efnoctnthigehPtu. from a design by Mr. Hawkshaw , th t who constructed the bridge of the Charing-cross Railway, Mr. Henry Sharp, one of four brothers, three of whom management of which ho is assisted by are now engaged in eestation works, in the e metropolis. Mr. Stanton is the reside the direction of similar public undertakingt s enineer. The nin b or near the railway in crossing the river will be carried on four lines, seven two each way, but these expand fan-wise into lines in connection with the terminus. The se bridge itself different On the was recently subjected to a severe preliminarytest. first span on the Surrey s id e a we i g ht equal to about 700 tons was placed. The re s ult, it i s un d ers tood, was a less of deflec tion of only three-eighth s o f an i nc h, an d on the removal the pressure that part o f th e s t ruc t ure se t b ac k t o within than an e i g hth o f an i nc h of its original position. A path way for fo ot passengers, a b out 7 feet wide, with an orna mental balustrad e , i s now b e i ng carr i e d a l ong eac h s id e o f th l bridge, and the bridge itself is being adapted for the i ADVERTiammEN ♦ate chronic izor ;:y—Avoid medicines; they always aggra sluts, but Du Barry's Delicious Health Restoring Re„ lei r : :, ameArabica Food, which saves fifty times its cost in other remedies, invariably cures them, restoring perfect digestion, Jetelerves, sound lungs, healthy liver, pure blood, refreshing ffunctional regularity, and energy to the most disordered or enfeebled. oeebled. We extract a few out of 60,000 Cures :—Cure b i 8 , 1216 or the Marchioness de nt, wasting away Breban, Paris, of a liver tom years, debility, with a nervousthpeamlpitation all over, bad for seven ntolerable nervous digestion, constant sleeplessness, agitation, and dreadfully low spirited.°B O. 1,771. Lora Stuart de Decies, Lord Lieut. of Waterfo Cu r r d e of many years' dyspepsia . —No. 49,832. " Fifty years' ind'eseribabl from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cou g h , eon e av,ony sickness, and vomiting„._]yuriBatiNnti": flatulency, spasms, —Cure No. -16,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley, g ur ;;Y': , thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derany'get ment, and partial deafness.—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure No. 54,816. The Rev. Jas. T. Campbell, Fakenbarn, Norfblk, "of indigestion and torpi dity of the liver, which had resistel all medical treatment.' In tins, 1 lb., 2s. 9d. ; 21b., 4s. 6d ; 51b., 11s. ; 121 b., 225. ; 241 b 408.—Barry its Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London; also Fortnum and Mason ; and all Grocers and Chemists in eTery town of the United Kingdom. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, SEPFE'MBER 8, 1863. MIDDLESEX SESSIONS—Sept. 7. (Before Mr. Payne.) At the sitting of the Court considerable delay was occa sioned in consequence of the numerous excuses being offered by persons who had beet summoned as traverse jurymen, principally upon the ground of being upwards of 60 years of age, which, of course, formed a legal ground of exemp tion. Out of a panel of 60 persons summoned at this sea • sion only 30 could be found qualified as jurymen, and this is the case nearly every session. Mr. Payne commented with some severity on the way in which persons over 60 years of age were summoned to act as jurors, whose names ought not to be on the list. The summoning officer said the whole fault lay with the overseers, and from the defective way in which the lists were made out. In many cases the names of persons were sent in as qualified to act as jurors who had been dead four or five years, had gone away, or were otherwise disqualified, but the sheriff in issuing his precept had no means of ascer taining these facts. In the present instance the jurors were summoned from the parish of St. Pancras. John Brown was indicted for assaulting John Michael Connor, a constable of the Metropolitan Police, in the exe cution of his duty. Mr. Cooper (instructed by the Treasury) prosecuted ; Mr. Ribton defended. John M Connor, 56 E, said, on the 20th July, at about half-past 12 o'clock at night, he was on duty at hlarylebone street, where he saw the prisoner,two other men,and a woman. The prisoner and the two men were talking together at the corner of a street. He knew the prisoner from having seen him hundreds of times in the street, although he did not know his name. While they ware talking a young man passed by and accidentally touched one of the men who was with the prisoner, who upon that began abusing the young man, and using the foulest language. Witness spoke to this man and told him that he ought not to insult people at that hour in the morning, and that it would be the best plan to go home, as it was then getting very late. The men said they would do so. Witness went on about three yards, when one of the men who was in the company of the prisoner said, "You I will settle you." He returned and asked him what he said, but he did not repeat the word. Witness said, " You must go home now," and put his hand on his shoulder and pushed him into the street. That was not the prisoner, but one of his companions. This man put himself into fighting attitude, when the prisoner came up and struck witness a violent blow in the mouth with his fist, and in consequence of that blow he fell backwards and his head came in contact with the curbstone. It was a violent blow and it knocked out one of his teeth. The next morn ing he found himself in the hospital, and was there for 13 days. He remained insensible the whole of that night and part of the next day. He was examined before his discharge by the hospital surgeon, and afterwards by Mr. Ross, the divisional surgeon. Cross-examined by Mr. Ribton_There was no particular disturbance that night, as Sunday is usually a quiet night. Witness had not spoken to the man more than two minutes before he was knocked down. Peter Frampton, an undertaker, said at half-past 12 o'clock on the night of the 19th of July he was in Maryle bone•street, He saw the prisoner and two men standing talking, and he touched one of them accidenta ) ly in passing. Witness saw a friend home whom he was with, and re turned the same way. When he came back the policeman was speaking to the men, advising them to go home. He ordered them off, and then he (witness) went away. One of the men made use of bad language, to the effect that he would finish him. Mr. Ribton—You being an undertaker, that would just have suited you. (Laughter.) Witness —And it would have suited for you. I should be happy to oblige you at any time. (A laugh.) Mr. Ribton—Not at present, I thank you, (Renewed laughter.) Witness continued—The prosecutor pushed the man into the street, when the prisoner came up behind him suddenly and knocked the ppoliceman down. no struck him in the mouth, which rendered him insensible. All three men then went away. Witness was sure the prisoner was the man, as he was not more than four feet from him when this oc•urred. Mr. Tyer, house Burgeon at Middlesex Hospital, said the constable Connor was brought in on the morning of July 20th in a state of unconsciousness.. He had a contused scalp wound and a concussion of the brain. Mr. G. Ross, surgeon to the G division of police, said he saw Connor on his discharge from the hospital. He was still suffering under great debility, and had been under his care ever since. He was still unfit for duty. John Rogers, police-constable 47 E, said he took the pri soner into custody on the 11ih ult. He told him he should take him into custody for an assault on a police-constable in Marylebon e - s t reet, at the corner o f Ogle-street, on the 20th of July. H e sa id i t was no t h e , as he was put to bed drunk that night gt 11 o'clock. This witness was cross-examined at great length by Mr. Ribton as to whether he had not stated before the magis • trate that the prisoner had said he was not the man. For some time he did not answer the question, upon which Mr. Ribton asked to have the depositions before the magistrate read. In these it appeared that the witness had stated that the prisoner had denied that he was the man. The witness having acknowledged that the depositions were read over to him, and that he had signed them, in ex planation of his omission said he had forgotten it. Mr. Ribton, at great length, addressed the jury on behalf of the defendant, and said he should call witnesses who would positively establish the fact that this was not the man who struck the Wow, and unless they should believe that they came forward to commit wilful and corrupt perjury, they would give justice and acquit the prisoner. Four witnesses were called, two of teem stating that at 11 o'clock on the 19th of July, they saw the defendant Brown lying drunk in front of the house where he lodged ; that they assisted in putting him to bed, and they could positively assert that he never left the house during that night. The other two witnesses swore that they were pre sent in Marylebone-street, and saw the assault committed upon the prosecutor, but it was not by the defendant at the bar. They were positive that it was not the prisoner who struck the blow, as the man who did commit the offence was much shorter and altogether unlike him in appearance. Within a few days they had seen the man who really com mitted the offence. In cr o ss-examination by Mr. Cooper, the two latt er wit nesses said they were in atten dance at the police-office for the purpose of giving evidence, but the mag i strate asking if there were any more witnesses on behalf of the prisoner, the policeman said, " They are all of the Ogle-street gang," and they were not called. They were asked by the policeman to speak to the identity of the man Brown as the person who committed the assault, but they denied that h© was so, and they were not examined. Mr. Cooper replied upon the evidence given on the part of the prisoner, and contended that the persons who had some forward had been called to prop up the case for the prisoner, and it was at least very strange that as they knew the man who really committed the assault, and knew also that an innocent man was in custody, charged with the offence, they had taken no steps to bring the real offender to justice. The witnesses who had been called.on the part of the prosecution were most respectable persons, and as the jury had seen their demeanour and the way in which they had given their evidence, he saw no reason why their testi monywhy they should, under the come forward to commit per jury senset oos fhserve dl solemn a e mn a n obligat i on , doubted, who o w r was almost a stranger to them. He believed the case had been fully made out, and he called upon the jury to return a verdict against the prisoner. Mr. Payne minutely summed up the evidence. The jury, after a long consultation, returned a verdict of not guilty. _ Wm. Parker, 23, barman, was indicted for stealing 6s and other moneys, the property of Tom Surridge, his master. The prisoner pleaded Guilty. Mr. Sleigh appeared for the prosecution ; Mr. M. Wil liams for the prisoner. Mr. Sleigh said he appeared on the part of the prosecution in this matter, and he was atraid that the Court would be of opinion that it was one of the worst of its class, for although the prisoner was charged in the indictment with only steal ing 65., yet Mr. Surridge had lost altogether upwards of £BOO, and since the prisoner had been in custody, his tak ings had been plus £lO per week. That systematic plunder had been carried on was made manifest from the fact that the prisoner had a bag which ha secreted in a hole in the floor, and covered it over with a carpet. Mr. Surridge, hav ing his suspicions, put himself in communication with Ser geant Joy, of the C division, who found the money in the hole increase from time to time, and among it some of the money that had previously been marked by Mr, Surridge. He was then taken into custody, under the advice of Mr. M. Williams, he had pleaded guilty, but he (Mr, Sleigh) would have been guilty of dereliction of duty if he had not stated these facts, and Mr. Surridge, in justice to the body of licensed victuallers to which he belonged, as well as to him self, felt bound to institute these proceedings. Mr. M. Williams, for the prisoner, said there was nothing against his previous character, and he believed his former master with whom he served was willing again to take him into his service. He asked for the mercy of the Court on account of his youth, and of his having yielded to a tempta tion that he had not strength of mind to resist. Mr. Sleigh said that Mr. Surridge was present if his lordship wished to ask him any question. He had paid the prisoner £25 a year, he had his board and lodging, and was treated as one of the family. Mr. Payne deferred passing sentence until Friday. George Thallman, prosecuted at the last sessions of this Court by the Associate Institution for Improving and En forcing the Laws for the Protection of Women, and con victed of indecently exposing himself on the top of a house, was again brought up. It will be remembered that an objection was taken at the trial by Mr. Best, the prisoner's counsel, that the top of a house which could not be seen from the public thoroughfare, although it might be seen by the inmates from the back Part of it, was not such a public place as could bring the prisoner within the operation of the act. Mr. Payne said the point raised by Mr. Best was one of considerable importance, and it ought to be settled by a superior court. He should therefore remand the prisoner until November, and in the meantime a case would be sub mitted for the decision of the Court of Criminal Appeal. He would allow the prisoner to give bail for his appearance when he might be required, himself in the sum at £BO, and two sureties of £25 each, and 24 hours' notice I.f them to be gives to the prosecutors. SPIRIT OF THE PITBLIO JOURNALS. TnetEs.—lt may possibly have been observed that our Indian intelligence of yesterday comprised cer tain authentic reports from the kingdom or country of Affghanistan. The recent demise of the Crown in that happy State has been followed by consider able dissension in the Royal family, and "three parties," we are told, have already declared them selves. One of these interesting factions is headed by Shere Ali Khan, and Mahomed Sherif Khan, a second is led by Futteh Mahomed Khan Jullaloo deen Khan, awl a third obeys the command of Ma homedAzimKhan, Mahomed Asian Khan, and Ma homed Osman Khan. The reader may very naturally anticipate that we propose to explain the pedigrees of these princes, the relations subsisting between them, and the hopes or desires by which each may be animated in commencing a family quarrel and a civil war. We propose nothing of the kind. On the contrary, we devotedly trust that every one of these names may remain for ever as utterly strange and barbarous to English ears as it is at present. Never may it fall to our lot to introduce such char acters upon the political stage. It is solely for the purpose of depreciating any concern whatever in the subject that we refer to it this morning. The feuds of this precious family did once cost us sacri fices so terrible that we cannot look back without a shudder. We took it upon ourselves to conclude, some twenty years ago, that it would be a judicious thing for us to pull down one Khan and set up another for the sake of establishing a species of influence in this savage wilderness. The result was one of the most shocking disasters were sustained by the Brith h arms. We lost an army, and almost lost an empire. The " Affghan expedition " plunged India into debt and difficulty for years, and left behind it memories which we should think could never be effaced. Yet we actually read in our in telligence that "an army of observation" is ex pected to assemble at Peshawar, on the Affghan frontier, in the ensuing cold weather, and that " it is more than probable that these forces will have something to do." We can only say that if, after the lesson we have received, we meddle again with the affairs of Affghanistan, it will be the very extravagance of folly. " Disturbances," it is added, " seem almost unavoidable in Cabul." We have not the least doubt of it. Bloodshed seems almost un avoidable in Dahomey, and the two prospects con cern us in about an equal degree. There has never been a time, we suppose, when the Princes of the l)ooranee family were not at war among themselves, except when they were controlled by some excep tionally powerfully chief. It is only by an abuse of terms that the country can be called a monarchy. Its provinces are governed by members of the reign ing House whose independence has been commonly complete, though seldom allowed. The new Ameer of Caul, titular successor of Dust Mahomed, will, no doubt, find hie title contested by a dozen others. Dost Mahomed himself had first to seize his place and then to maintain it. Nothing is the world is more likely or natural than that every one of the Khans whose titles we have specified should set himself up in some city or other, and do his best to acquire, first independence, and then supremacy. Every Prince in the family will undoubtedly attempt to avoid obeying anybody himself, and to make everybody else obey him. In this contest, too, they will all resort to intrigue, and endeavour to secure the support of allies, " The Persians," we are in formed, will add " a fourth element to the coming struggle." That is as probable as anything can be. We do but repeat our most anxious hope that a filth " element" may not be supplied from British terri tory. Hardly, even with a map before him, could any reader be brought to comprehend the madness which possessed us in 1839. Of course nobody, even then, ventured to assert that the affairs of AffL,Phanistan, considered in themselves, could import anything to the interests of British India. It was not suggested, either, that Persia was a State in whose policy we need take much concern. We had to stride across the barbarous wilds of those two realms, and reach the frontier of a very different Power, before we could discover the real source of alarm. If Russia had not bordered on Persia as Persia bordered on Affghanistan, we should never have persuaded ourselves that any danger loomed in the distance. What we were induced to fancy was that Russia might set Persia in motion, that the Persians might fall upon the Affghans, and that, when the road had thus been levelled for the advance, the hosts of the Czsr might begin their march from the shores of the Caspian to the banks of the Indus. We resolved, therefore, to snap the chain in its nearest link, and to set up in Cabul a Power cspcble of resisting, in our interest, the an ticipated attack of the Persians. These people did cross their own frontier, and did lay siege to the border town of Herat, but they had forsaken the enterprise and retired to their own territories even before we commenced our expedition intoAffghanis tan. If we had not been utterly bland, we should have seen that, as far as the relief of our misgiv ings went, whatever the most successful war could do had been already done. At the present time, however, there exists no such sprit as was allowed to set all this machinery in motion five-and-twenty years ago. We are no longer afraid of a Russian in vasion o f India. We do not imagine that any such project is con t emp l ate d, an d still less that the pre sent period would be selected for putting it into esecu!ion. We know also from experience that if Persia gave us any cause of offence she should be brought to reason far more speedily by a squadron off Bushire than by any army in Aifghanistan. We are reduced, therefore, to Affghanistan itself for a cause of intervention. If we again interfere be tween these kites and crows, it must be simply be cause we prefer crows to kites, and for no other reason. We cannot dignify the proceeding with the lofty and mysterious character which we gave to it h quarter of a century since. We cannot pretend to entertain apprehensions of Russia, still less of Persia. We have learnt, to our cost, that our Empire of the East is far more likely to be en— dangered by ill-judged armaments and insolvent treasuries than by a hostile force from the countries beyond the Indus. The Affghans can never harm us except by inducing us to invade their territo ries. That one of the contending Princes would do this if he could is exceedingly probable, but we should be madmen to give him the chance. Let us repeat once more that it cannot by_i!ioscseis bility signify to us which one of these n P reign in Cabal. Of course a quiet neighbour bet ter than a troublesome one, but no trouble is that an Ameer of Cabul could give us would amount to a hundredth part of the trouble which we should incur in making an Ameer of Cabul for ourselves. The Affghans may settle their own quarrels as they pl eas e, without affecting us. It is just possible that one of the competitors for p ower ma y think to g ain favour with his people by an attack upon our pos sessions. Peshawar, with its territory, which we conquered from the Sikhs, the Sikhs had conquered in former days from the Affghans, and the recovery of the province has ofte n been talked of at the Court of Cabal. So far, therefore, and as a precaution against a possible on slaught, there is nothing in judicious in oar maintaining a good garrison in Peshawur. We wish we could think that the specu lations of the Indian press meant no more than this ; but the truth is that, in a society so purely military as that of British India, war is never an unwelcome topic. It is not in the least improbable that even a second "Affghan expedition" would be popular with the Indian Army. Let us trust, however, that Indian statesmen may be wise enough to extirpate the delusion, and preserve a proper horror of a policy which might once more convert prosperity into em barrassment, and productive peace into calamitous war. So long as we keep to our own territories, the repulse of a few marauders is the hardest work that can await us, but nobody can measure the diffi culties which might follow from another occupation of Cabal. DAILY NEWS.—People generally hug themselves in the belief that, however much their bread and other articles of manufactured food may be adul terated, their meat is at any rate free from any foreign element, and may be eaten without the fear of poisoning. Our beef and mutton, we fondly imagine, are free from vitiation. We may cut and come again safely at the sirloin or the saddle. We h a ve only to go to a first-class butcher, and pay the best prices (two things, however, which a large number of persons cannot do), and we are beyond the reach of harm in that direction. The reliance is more pleasing than well grounded. We seem doomed to impurity and filthiness in the food thatwe consume. In vain do we fly from bread made of mag gotty yeast to the flesh of oxen, sheep, and swine. A large amount of the meat that come to our tables is adulterated by disease. No doubt this is less likely to be the case when a good price is paid ; but butchers are mere men, and sometimes sell inferior commodities while charging the highest terms, Mr. Simon's last annual report to the Privy Council on our sanitary condition opens the eyes of the public to the disagreeable fact that so much as a fifth of the meat purchased for food in this country is dis eased. Some investigations into the subject have been made, at Mr. Simon's request, by Mr. CTamgee, Principal and Professor of the Edinburgh new Veterinary College, and from these it appears that a good deal of the mischief is found in connexion with the pork we get from Ireland. From forty to is land are thousand of tn e pi gs re ared in the sister are measly, and the greater nu mber of these com e t o Great B r it a i n f or consum ption. That such m eat should ho taken into the human stomach is some thing more than a disgusting idea; it is the source of seri o us disease. M r . Gamgee calculates that f or every measly pig in the kingdom there is at least one human being with tapeworms. When meat is cooked the action of the fire probably destroys the germs of these parasites ; but it should not be for gotten that a large amount of pig's flesh is eaten raw by the lower classes. In Italy raw ham is con sidered a delicacy ; in England working men fre quently indulge in uncooked bawl: and som etimes pan. etmes in pork sausages that are innocent of i.}le m The danger of the practice is made stare e linglY ap parent when we learn that the muscular flesh of swine is sometimes brought into so poisonous a state by the ravages of a minute species of threadwor.mt invisible except by the aid of the microscope, that a small quantity eaten raw will destroy life. Pork and bacon are purchased by our poorer classes per haps to a greater extent than any other meat, and the prevalence of measles and the various forms of hydatid disease amongst those classes may doubt less be attributed in a considerable degree to their large consumption of swine's flesh. Sausages are especially perilous, for it is well known that the less reputable sausage makers think no meat too bad to make up in this deceptive form, pro vided the nastiness can be disguised by spices and condiments. One is almost tempted, after the revelations we have had of late years, to follow the example of the Jews, and vote the pig an un clean animal hopelessly and for ever. Much as we have done for him in the way of cleanliness, be still continues as great a source of disease to the human subject as he was in the time of Moses under the burning sun of the East. The propagation of parasitical ova from impure animals is effected, mcreover, in many ways besides the direct one, and sometimes, according to Mr. Simon's report, by a route that would never have been suspected by the unlearned. For, "by means of dogs and other ani mals eating the raw offal of slaughter-houses, the eggs of the tapeworm may, and must often, find their way into sources of drinking water, or on to various low-growing vegetables or fruits, which are consumed in an uncooked state by man, and, being swallowed, the egg is hatched." The development of entozoa is, indeed, extremely subtle, and very difficult to be guarded against; but infected food is undoubtedly one of the means by which the evil is introduced into the human system. The question is of serious importance; for, according to the esti mate of Mr. Gamgee, disease of one kind or another is fatal every year in the three kingdoms to about 375,000 cattle (nearly five per cent. of the whole number), while in the case of sheep and pigs the proportion is, respectively, as far as can be ascer tained, four per cent. and three per cent. It is very certain that a large number of these animals are sold for food ; and even of those beasts that are slaughtered many are already in a state of disease, and would probably die of their ailments if the butcher's knife did not anticipate the result. It has been found in a large convict establishment that an epidemic of boils and carbuncles followed the use of meat from cattle afflicted with lung disease. Milk from unhealthy cows is also chargeable with some of the maladies which human beings have to endure. We may, in fact,.be said to live over again the lives of those animals from which we draw our sustenance, and to be healthy or diseased in pro portion to the bodily condition of The creatures we rear for food. It was a quaint expression, but not an untruthful or ludicrous thought, on the part of old mystical Sir Thomas Browne, when he said that all the flesh of our bodies has at one time been upon our platters. We have, therefore, the deepest interest in seeing that what comes to our plat ters is in a fit state to be converted into its higher form. How is the mischief to be prevented ? Mr. Gamgee is of opinion that sufficient precautions are not taken against infection from foreign cattle ; that there is a great deal of dietetic mismanage ment ; and that animals often contract disease from the malaria of fenny lands. The first of these sources of depreciation might perhaps be guarded against by some species of quarantine; the second by increased knowledge amongst graziers and farmers; the last by the conversion of marsh lands into well drained meadows. We are only just waking to the conviction that excessive fat is not a healthy sign in man or beast. The corpulent oxen, sheep, and pigs that are exhibited every Christmas at the Prize Cattle Show are animals in a state of disease, how ever much it may please our festal mood to make pets of them; end, although there has lately been a movement in favour of a more rational mode of feeding, the old absurdity has not yet died out. This and other errors can only be corrected by time. In the meanwhile we must protect ourselves to the best of our ability ; and we have a right to demand how it is that, with a system of inspection, so much bad meat should find its way to the tables of the community. Every now and then, in some exces sive instance, we hear of a seizure being made; but when we find that nearly 50,000 measly pigs are cut up for human provender, with tainted oxen and sheep in proportion—that, in short, one-fifth part of our animal food is corrupt—it is very evident that the present system of inspection is a farce. Without suggesting that the examiners are open to persuasion, it is probable that they are not men of sufficient education to detect the aubtie poison that sometimes lurks in seemingly healthy carcases. In some of the worst cases the symptoms of disease may be such as to escape the eye of any Out the man of science. Skilled veterinary surgeons s.re the persons to whose scrutiny the meat we are destined to consume should be submitted. A little expensb is nothing compared with the preservation of the national health, and the avoidance of evils which are sickening to contemplate and grievous to suffer. POST.—The numerical inequality of the contest between the Confederates and the Federals appears likely to be re dressed in a somewhat unexpected manner. It has been obvious, from the beginning of the war, that the former possessed a latent element of strength which the rigour of their own prejudices, and the difficulty attending its deve lopment, would prevent them from calling into action, ex cept under the pressure of a great emergency. The great slaveholding aristocracy of the South have been very un willing to confer upon the black population what a superior nation seems intuitively to deem the dignity of bearing arms, but have hitherto entertained the same prejudice as that felt by the Turks towards their subordinate rayah races. To a certain extent , indeed , the Confederates have already made the experiment of forming and equipping negro regiments. But this was tried only on the most in significant scale. Events meanwhile have thickened. The great superiority of the North in point of numbers has at length begun to tell upon the fortunes of a campaign in which the heroism and martial character of the South had at first seemed likely to prove invincible. The inequality between a nation of some six millions and a nation of above twenty millions, has necessarily become more manifest, now that increasing armies have been required on either side, and great losses have been so frequently sustained on both. By degrees, the sources of recruiting have diminished among the whites in the South; while the tide of emigra tion from Europe to the North, which even the warfare of the day has not wholly arrested, has been swelling the numbers at the disposal of a Northern conscription. The President of the Confederate States has therefore, it appears, resolved, in concurrence with the governors of the indivi dual States, to call out an army of half a million of slaves. This giant resolution is onlyin proportion to the emergency of the hour. Of course it was impossible to apply the com pulsion which has been exercised on both sides among the dominant rase. The negroes therefore are offered a substan tial incentive. In all probability it is one which will prove sufficient. They are promised their liberty, and a grant of 50 acres of land on the termination of the war, as a reward of their present services in the field. Independently of the obvious importance of such a measure in directly strengthening the hands of the Confederate commanders, there are many other considerations which combine to render the present resolu • tion a masterpiece of policy. In the first place, it involves a vast inroad on the part of the Southerners themselves upon the principle of slavery. Such a measure, therefore, must revive the sympathies of Europe with the Southern cause, by lessening, or even abolishing, the only counter acting influence to its general popularity on this side of the Atlantic. Again, it has long seemed to be a slur upon the domestic institutions of the South that the nation were, to all appearance, afraid of arming their slaves. One argu ment of the Southern States, in defence of slavery, has long been that slaves under good masters were quite as well off and as content as free labourers under good employers. But the taunt, nevertheless, remained in the mouth of every Pennsylvanian or Lancashire abolitionist, that, in spite of the alleged well-being of the slave, his master was afraid to trust him with arms in his own service, If the slaves were really not otherwise than attached to their lords, the lords would combine them with themselves for the defence of their country. By the present resolution, however, the Confederate authorities are ready to trust the use of arms to a body of men whom they have already in the field of their own countrymen. Nor is this all. The spectacle of negro regiments being raised by the North to fight against the South, while no adequate counter-demonstration existed, served to strike Europe with the notion that the slaveholders were the natural enemies of the negroes, and the North their natural friends. Illusory as this conclusion really was, it still remained plausible. Moreover, there remained a danger that the appearance of Northern black regiments on the fields of Southern battle might lead the slaves of the Confederate States, if still engaged merely in agricultural occupations, to a natural affinity of feeling with them. This danger has, in fact, become a very great one, Besides, whatever were really the spirit in which the en slaved negro of the South looked upon the dominant popu lation around him, the placing of confidence in him was likely to strengthen;the ties:between him and his master. In this consideration also there was a moral victory at stake, as between South and North. The Washington Government has long threatened to play a decisive card by calling upon the whole of this slave population to revolt against the whites, and thus to carry carnage and rapine into every hearth, That 14Ir. Lincoln has not actually taken this course is probably to be ascribed less to his concern for the atrocity of such a transaction than to his consciousness of his inability to carry out the threat. But his declaration, nevertheless, stands on record as a boast of the Washington Government that they could at any time terminate the re bellion by raising a servile war. When Feargus O'Connor brought together his 100,000 ruffians on Kennington-com mon, and was unexpectedly met by double the number of special constables on the other side of the bridges, it was said that his demonstration was reversed. The same result, on an incomparably wider scale, seems likely to take place, in regard to the negro population, as between the two rival Presidents. It appears that shortly before the beginning of the war the whole black community in the United States, slave and free, amounted to about 3,650,000. It is not easy to compute the present number of slaves in the Confederate . territory with precision, but it may be assumed that they form about two-thirds of that number. The area of all the slave States combined is 844,000 square miles, so that the 2'5,000,000 of acres which the half-million of slaves are offert2d, if they take the field, will be readily set apart from the landholdings of the whites. Meanwhile it is believed that there wi: 1 1 be no great difficulty or delay experienced in finding arms for' this vast host of men. The "runners" under the nominal blo,:kades of the Northern fleets have probably supplied an itnn:ense store to the Southern ports. The great experiment on wh ch the Confederate Government has now resolved is doubtless not one free from difficulty. But, if the slaves had been gwerally unfriendly to their masters, they would probably haw; found many opportu nities for revolt while the strength and flower of the Euro pean race were drawn away into distaff fields of battle. This resolve of the Richmond Government may possibly prove conclusive of the issue of the war, both by reason of the immense reinforcements which it may pl a ce at the dui.. posal of Lee and Beauregard, and through the advallta moral impression which it will, on so many groun ds, exer cise on the views and policy of Europe. geous MURDEROUS ASSAULT BY BRIGANDS. The Indipendente of Naples relates the following atroci ous crime committed by a party of brigands in the district of Bisa.ecia On the 24th ult. seven armed men knocked at a farm house about midnight, asked for provisions, and then went away, taking by force the servant, a fine strong girl, 23 years of age, with them into the forest. There she found herself in the midst of the whole band, consisting of 30 men, and was compelled to yield to their desires. At daybreak they consulted with each other as to what WO to be done with her ; upon which she earnestly begged with tears to be allowed to go home ; but they replied that would not do, since she might reveal their hiding-place. At length a brigand, named Sacchitiello, stepped forward, and in a tone of protection engaged to accompany her to the end of the forest by a peculiar path. They had not gone far, however, before he suddenly stabbed her in the neck, and twice in the abdomen. The poor girl fell, but seeing she was not dead, he fired his musket at her, but only wounded her slightly in the hip. He reloaded his musket, put the muzzle to her breast, and fired ; but by 11 . convulsive movement his victim pushed the weapon away with her arm, and the ball penetrated into her body in a slanting direction without killing her. A third time th e assassin loaded his gun, and fired at her three steps off- - the ball penetrated under the right arm-pit, went along the ribs, and came out at the abdomen. The miscreant thinking he had despatched her for certain, then went away, but, strange to say, the poor creature had only swooned, and on recovering managed to draw her mangled body to a neigh bouring hut, which however proved to be deserted, and ts she was sinking with thirst, and could ind no water, she lay down to die. Meanwhile a company of grenadiers had been approaching the forest, and taking measures for aseer' taining the whereabouts of the brigands. Two of thei r scouts had been creeping along the bushes for some time , when they perceived two brigands who were looking for the body of the girl, but becoming suddenly aware of the Pre" Bence of the grenadiers, they took to flight. The soldiers immediately after found the girl weltering in her blood, and carried her to their camp. The officer in command en' deavoured to induce some peasants to convey her to the nearest hospital, offering them payment, but they refused under various pretexts, which showed that they were rather favourable to the brigands than otherwise. ,At length three grenadiers undertook the duty, and she was taken to AO' lonio, where, strange to say, the surgeon expressed a hop e of her recovery."—Galignani. COUNTRY MARKETS. GLOUCESTER-SEPT. 5. The show of English wheat to-day was fair. The we t weather imparted firmness to the trade. Fine qualities were is per qr higher. Foreign wheat was in moderate, demand, and may be quoted at the extreme prices of las ' week. Grinding barley in limited quantity, and fully as dear. Beans, and oats were dull. NORTH LONDON. Yesterday a large body of workmen commenced the demo lition on an extensive scale of several hundred houses in Sun-street, Long-alley, and the neighbourhood, to make way for their city terminus. All the property required in the Kingsland-road and Dalston is also undergoing demo lition,l the houses being chiefly in confined and ill-venti lated thoroughfares and in a dilapidated condition. The effect has been to displace a large number of the inhabitants, who have, however, been arranged with by the railway company according to their respective cases and positions. The contract for the construction of the City Extension be tween Kingsland and Liverpool-street, City, has just been let to Messrs. Waring for 215,000. MANCHESTER, SHEFFIELD, AND LINCOLN- SHIRE. The total expenses of this company's railways, including rents, tolls, duty, &c., from July 1 to August 30, 1863, amounted to £53,754, as against £54,262 for the correspond ing period of 1862. The proportion of the South Junction receipts accruing to this company from July 1 to August 30 amounted to £6,190, as against £5,770 for the correspond ing period of 1862, and the expenses to £2,319, as against £2,390. INVERNESS AND PERTH JUNCTION. The opening of this company's line throughout from Perth to the Inverness railway at Forres has been defini tively arranged to take place to-morrow, the 9th inst. Cap tain Tyler, R E., the Government inspector, has been over the line and examined the works, accompanied by the Hon. T. C. Bruce, the chairman, and some of the directors. GREAT WESTERN OF CANADA. It appears that the directors of this company have been informed by their financial agent in Canada that the loss on through traffic collected and converted ascertained from the Ist to the 22d of August amounted to the sum of 5,488 dole. 71c. (L 1,127 16s. 4d.), and that there remained a further sum of American funds for conversion at that date of 5,942 dols. 46c. In addition to which there were balances in account with connecting railways still unadjusted. PUNJAB. The sum of £14,900 was on Saturday paid to the credit of the Secretary of State for India in Council, making, with previous payments of £185,000, a total of £500,000 on ac count of the Inconvertible Punjab Railway debentures re cently issued, bearing interest at the rate of 4± per cent. per annum. CRYSTAL PALACE DISTRICT GAS. The report of the directors states that the works and plant are in good order and effective. The profits for the half-year ending the 30th June are £3,423, out of which the directors recommend a dividend at the rate of 6 per cent. per annum on the preference capital, and at the rate of 10 per cent. per annum on the ordinary capital of the company, both free of income-tax, leaving with £l7B from the preceding half-year, a balance of £245. The balance-sheet showed that £18,950 had been expended on capital account, leaving a balance at the bankers of £8,683. The revenue account for the half year ending the 30th June shows that £11,916 had been re ceived, and £8,494 expended, leaving - a balance of £3,423. The Social Science Association. ... The forthcoming meeting in Edinburgh of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (says the Scotsman), judging from the nature of the communications already forwarded to the general secretary in London, the large number of eminent visitors expected from all parts of the United Kingdom, and the interest which the antici pated meeting is exciting among our community, promises to be one of the most successful gatherings of the associa tion, and will without doubt fully realise the utmost expec tations of its promoters. The arrangements in connection with the meting are most complete and satisfactory, and, so far as they have advanced, seem calculated to promote the comfort of the visitors and the convenience of the public. The Congress will commence its meetings on Wednesday, October 7th, under the distinguished presidency of Lord Brougham, who will deliver an inaugural address in the evening to the members and associates in the Free Church Assembly Hall. The section meetings of the six depart ments into which the association is divided will commence on Thursday, the Bth, and terminate on Wednesday, the 14th October, The president of the first or Jurisprudence Department is the Right Hon. Lord Curriehill ; and the vice-presidents are —The Hon, Lord Mackenzie, Sir J. M'Neill, G.C.8., the Solicitor- General, and James Hope, Esq., Deputy-Keeper of the signet. The business of this department will be de voted to the consideration of the science of civil jurisprud ence, and the various subjects connected with the princi ples of legislation and the administration of justice. The bearing of jurisprudence on the social condition of the people —thc advantages derivable from a wide diffusion of its prin ciples—the practical defects in our laws—the evils arising from such defects, and their fitting remedies, will be brought before the meeting and discussed. The laws relating to property and personal rights will also fail to be considered. We understand that an unprecedentedly large representa tion of the legal profession both of England and of the con tinent is expected. The department of education will be presided over by Nassau W. Senior, Esq , the vice-presidents being Professor Pißans, Professor Kt;Hand, Dr. Schmitz, and S. Campbell Swinton, Esq. Mr. Senior, it is well known, was for some years Professor of Political Economy at Oxford, and as one of the commissioners in the recent royal commission on National Education, dissented from certain conclusions arrived at by his colleagues as expressed in their report. The communications read in this department will relate to various questions connected with the industrial and the intellectual education of all classes of the community, and will also embrace reports on the state of education on the continent and in America. The president of the Punishment and Reformation De partment is the Hon. Lord Neaves, and the vice-presidents are A. Murray Dunlop, Esq., ➢I.P. ; Rev. Dr. Robert Lee, Rev. Dr. Guthrie, and John Hill Burton, Esq. The pro ceedings in this section will relate to the management of reformatories, statistics of crime, the prevention and re • presaion of crime, the treatment of adult and young offenders, the reformation of the criminal, and the best mode of secondary punishment. Professor Christison will preside in the Public Health Department, and the vice-presidents will be Dr. Craigie , President of the College of Physicians ; Dr. Newbigging, President of the College of Surgeons ; and W. Lindsay , Esq., Provost of Leith. This section will discuss various matters relating to the drainage, warming, ventilation, and general construction of houses and public baths. Papers will be read treating of the relative healthiness of different localities, the influence of external circumstances in the production of health or disease, and the effect of different occupations upon the health of those engaged in them. Attention will also be given to the prevalence of adultera tion in food, and the evil effects resulting from the practice; and the duties of the legislature in relation to public health will be freely discussed. The department of Social Economy will be presided over by Sir John M'Neill, G.C.8., with Professor Lyon Playtair C.B. ; W. Chambers, Esq., Glenormiston ; and the Rev. Dr. Alexander, as vice-presidents. The questions affecting strikes and combinations, the relations between employers and employed, the industrial employment of women, the industrial instruction of the labouring classes, and the rela tions of economics to education will be some of the topics brought under the notice of this section. The president of the Trade and International Law De partment has not yet been elected, but the following gentle men will act as vice-presidents :—The Master of the Mer chant Company, the Chairman of the Edinburgh Chamber of Commerce, James Richardson, Esq., and Chas. Cowan, Esq. This department was established at the Glasgow meeting of 1860, for the consideration, by representatives of all nations, of questions of international law, and for the collection of information relating to production, manufac ture, and trade. Among the subjects which will engage the attention of this section will be it on trade and its sta tistics. Scotch banking; trade, manufactures, and fisheries of Scotland ; capture and destruction of private property at sea by belligerents, and the laws of blockade and contra band. The various departments will meet in section rooms pro vided for their accommodation in the Parliament H ouse an d the Free Church Assembly t d o a y fbe will n e b m e boepresnaenddat associatesh alf with a general address the departments. Thi s speech willyone of the pr es id en t s o f the work p i r n om th e e nades rooms a delivered oof the in b ethe depart ments Free Assembly Hall, and at it s c l ose appropriated rtohper industrialia ted members t s o n d t h a e r i se C w o i n li re e r e s m as m io e n n t ee. t ex hibitions will offer their attractionsu o assoc i a tions in the evening, an d w ill doubtless contribeuntde much to the success of the meeting. The Industrial Mu- seu m, with its unique and valuable collection of articl e s illustrating the development and growth of the principal industrial employments of Great Britain, will be thrown open for the entertainment and instruction of the number less visitors whom the deliberations of the association will bring to the town. The walls of the National Gallery and the Royal Scottish Academy will exhibit a magnificent col lection of the most celebrated works of Scottish art for the inspection of members of the congress—and the College of Surgeons and Senatus Academicus of the University will extend their hospitality to the association. On the evening of Friday, the 9th October, a great work ing men's meeting will be held in one of the largest halls of the city. Loud Brougham will preside, and it is ex peceed that there will be a large number of delegates from the various trades of Scotland present on the occasion. It is expected that Prince Alfred and one of the Danish princes will be present at one of the concluding meetings of the Association. The Right Hon. Lord Brougham and his brother, Wm, Brougham, Esq., will be the guests of the Lord Provost of Edinburgh during their stay in our city. --- Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Horniman's pure Tea; very choice at 3s 4d. and 4s. " High Standard" at 4s. 4d. (formerly 46. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every town supply it in packets. COLCHESTER-SEPT. 5. There was a better supply of wheat to-day, and the rates of last week were fully realised, Barley more in demand' at ratber more money. Beans and peas as before. Wheat, white. 44s 48s I Beans, Mazagan..33s 368 red 42s 46s middle & small.3ss 3 °! Barley 32s 40s Peas, white 42s Oats CHELMSFORD—SEPT. 4. of At this corn exchange to-day there was a fair show . wheat, and the trade was firm. Ther e was no a l tera ti o n in prices, but for some superior samples an advance of is per qr was obtained. Wheat, old white 31s 49s new 46s 50s old red 36s 44s new 40$ 46s Barley 2t3 36s Chevalier . .28s 39s Grinding 22s 31s Malt .. 6ls 67s Chevalier 64s 69* Oats 20s 28s Peas, Partridge.,..37s 409 White Boiling Dun 33s 3 6 Ditto new .. —s Beans, Tick, :)1d 345 39 9 new --5 Harrow Ticks 3ss 405 ~.- 6 o ° ls Mazagan 3os KIRKCALDY RAIN-FEPT. 5. To-day we had small supplies of all descriptions of gr at market. Sales slow. Wheat 6d to is over last week' Oats and barley sold at last week's rates. Wheat. Barley. Oats. First....3ss Od 23s Od I 22s Od: Second ..36s Od 33 s O d 24s Od Third....—s Od — s Od 24s 6d COAL rrloes of Coal per Ten a s. d.' Hartlepool W. Hartleyls 6 Walls End. Carway and Duffryn South Hart1ep001......17 0 Malting . . 2O 0 East Hartlepool 18 0 ,, Walker Primrose 12 6 Haswell .... ~.18 y, Eden Main l6 6 Braddyll's Hett on 17 '' West Hartley 16 6 Hetton lB 0 Rolywell 17 6 Tunstall Russel's Hetton 17 3 ,t, 43 . ; sold, 42. VIARK ET. the close of the market. Ships at mark, Foreign Mail Packet List. B. di MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton. Sept. 19 * via Marseilles Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. Oct. a• Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena. Sept. 29 1 China, Penang, and Singapore, via S ou th am pt on . S ept. 1; via Marseilles ...Sept. 1' Falkland Islands •••• Gibraltar, via S ou th am pt on India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Sept. 18 via Marseilles Sept. 1 4 " India (Bombay), via Southampton Sept. 10 via Marseilles Portugal.... Oct.eepPt. o t. 52 1 ° . c, •': %talta, Egypt, and Ad en , v i a S outhampton s via Marseille s Sept. ils* Newfoundland ....... .. Sept. Oporto and Vigo .. .. U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet Sept. 11 ' by U.S. packet by Canadian packet Sept. 11. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe .. . S e pt. 10. Bahamas, via New York Sept. 24. Mexico. All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, I Set l4. p. California. and British Columbia.. [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Increasing Mortality.—When the dangers from diarrho3a are so great and appalling, as the weekly death list shows it to be at present, it behoves every mother and nurse to know that this ointment, rubbed upon the belly, aided by moderate doses of Holloway's pills, proves the simple, harmless, and effe3tive remedy. Thou sands of children have been instantaneously eased and ulti mately saved by rubbing this antidotal ointment twice or three times a day upon the abdomen after it has been fomented with warm water. This course is the most prac ticable in children's bowel complaints, where there is a dif ficulty in exhibiting internal medicines; and this treat ment succeeds where sedatives and astringents have been fruitlessly prescribed. Births. BUSHBY.—On the 6th inst., at 40, Chester-square, Lad/ Frances Bushby, of a son. BENTINCL—On the 6th inst., at Ramsgate, the wife Lieut.-General Charles Bentinck, of a daughter. Conium.--On the 7th inst., at Morden, the wife of Ge ° ' Strode Cobham, E sq , of a son. VILLIEBS.—On the 6th inst., a at Winchmore-hill, the wi fe of John F. Villi ers, Esq., barrister, at-law, of daug ter, Marriages. BIGG—DICKSON. —On the 3d inat , at Christ Chur ch, Croydon, John C. Bigg, E sq ., o f Gray ' s-inn, ' to Margaret' Youngest daughter of the late J. It. Dickson, Esq.' of Kincardine, Perthshire. SCOTT—SEARES.—On the 3d inst., at St. John's Churcbi Stratford, Frank W. Scott, Esq., to Eliza, daughter 0 the late W. R. Seares, Esq,, of The Glove, Stratford. Deaths. DUNCAN.—On the 27th ult., at Glencarron, Denny, 14r Andrew Duncan, papernuaker, aged 52. Frrz-Simows —On the Ist inst., suddenly, at T re nowetlio John Fitz-Simone, Esq., of Tregarthen and Trenow eto l formerly of the 4th (Royal Irish) Dragoon Guards, age"' 64. GIBBONS.—On the 3d inst., at Athol House, Edgbastoll , Benjamin Gibbons, Esq , J.P. for the county of Stafford, aged 48. NolanCoTE.—On the sth inst., at Sutton Valence, N- 0114 Augustus Nortncote, Esq., aged 44. Pfneocx —On the sth inst., at Watford, John PidooclCt E-q., 111.1) , aged 91. WILDE.— On the 6th inst., at Cheam House, Surrey. Geo. Wilde, Esq., aged 59, London : Printed and Pul‘nshed by WILLIAM ANDRE-0' of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TEE SUN Office N o. 114 Strand, in the Precinct of the 'Savoy, in the Count)" Of TuesdaY, September 8, 1863 rat