The Sun. — London, England, 1864-09-01 00:00:00

SIVIR ALFR ED MELLON'S CONCERT I EVERY EVENING, at Eight. ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA HOUSE, COVENT-GARDEN. THE 3IENDELSSOHN NIGHT. THE " FAUST " SELECTION. • Mdlle. C. Pat ti, 3fdlle. Krebs, 31dme Rudersdorff ; Mr. QI lrerren, Mr. Levy, Mr. Svensden, and Ali Ben Sou-aile, This pf ening. C on d u ctor, Mr. ALFRED 31 E LLON. Promenade, Amphitheatre Stalls, and Amphitheatre, One Shilling, ; Dress Circle, 2s. ed. ; Private Boxes, £1 15. and ps. ed. The Box Office is open from 10 till 5. Vo-morrow (Friday), Selection from STA BAT Mr. S MATERantley. p i , Saturday n ext, Grand Volunteer Night. for this night oniy. On Vonday next, a Verdi Night 'The Beethoven Night wi:i be repeated on Thursday, Sep tember S ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE.- Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining. TATS EVENING, BORN TO GOOD LUCK. Paddy O'Hafferly, Mr. Dominick Murray. Alter which, TIIE t,TREET3 OF LONDON. Messrs. Vining, J. W. Ray, D. Fi her. D. Murray, J. Nelson. 11. Farrrtr. H. Mellon Mrs. Henry Maiston, Miss Em:La IS NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPHI. — 601 e Proprietor awl Manager. Mr. B. Webster. • THIS EVENING, MY WIFE'S MAID. Mr. J. L. Toole t ind Mrs. Alf ed Mellon. Followed by A WOMAN OF BUSINESS. Messrs. J, Toole, Billington, and Mr , . Stirling. Atter which THE HEN AND CHlCKENS.Messrs.Bil pngton, Phillips, Eburne ; Mrs. Stir ing, AlLos 1 1 - S imms ' To conclude with THE ACTOR'S RETREAT. Messrs, J. L. Toole, P. Bed,ord, 11. Phillil,3, and Miss Woolgar. Commence at 7. ----=------_____ IPI. S 0 N MOSES A. N 1) A-4 • respectfully call attention to their large and well assorted stock of JUVENILE CLOTHING. The newest taorics are combined with the latest and most fashionable designs, and the best workmanship. E. MOSES and SON give particular attention to this important branch of their ,business, and they can with confidence affirm that the prices a, re such as must satisfy the most economical. 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LONDON HOUSES, 151, 155, IV, 157, Minories ; 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 8 4 3, 89, Aldgate ; 506. 507, 508, New Oxford--street; 1,2, 3, llart-street; 137, 138, Tottenham-court-road ; 288, Euston-road MOSES AND SON'S • }:, COUNTRY TABLISTIMENT, Bridge-street, Bradford, Yorkshire. 10 MOSES ANI ) SON'S .12,i• Establishments are closed every Friday evening at sunset until Saturday evening at sunset, when business is re sumed until la o'clock. A 1 articles are marked the lowest prices in plain figures. Any article not appr.:,ved of will be exchanged, or the money 7e , urned. List of Prices with Rules for Self-measurement, Fashion Card, and our new pamphlet, " The Tercentenary ; or, The Three Hundredth Birthday of William Shalopeare," gratis [dud post free. COALS. —The LILLESHALL COMPANY'S COALS. Direct from their own Collieries. Marquis'. 23s. per ton. I Double 20s. per ton. Top 225. „ Deep ....215. „ Well screened and delivered within five miles of their De pots, Westbourne Park-road, W., and 17, South Wharf, Waddington, W., and Maiden-lane, N. Best Coke Terms cash. JOHN SCOTT, Sole igent. THE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN," Containing, the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, staz be had Every Evening of G. Lt. GEL:NIP:, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace. llyde-park. THE TATES I' EDIIION of 6 . THE SUN' supplied, as soon as published every Evening by II ENRY BROOKS, :Newspaper Agent, 24, Old Cavendish street, W. HIGH AV ATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, 2h. 15m.—Afternoon, 2h. 32m ro-Koallow.-N1 oraing, 2a. 50m.--Afternoon. 3h. 3m gljg 1111 0' 41.4. LONDON, THURSDAY, SEPT. 1, 1864. It is satisfactory to fine that Mr. LINCOLN'S re election is by no means so certain as his friends and ardent admirers would have the world believe. This is an important step gained, at all events, for it cannot be denied that a prolongation of his tenure cf office would bode ill for the interests of peace, and be a blow to the expectations of those who are seeking a peaceful issue to this protracted war. The fact is, that matters have been pushed too far, and because at first there was so much eicitement mani— fested concerning the war, Mr. LINCOLN has made the mistake that the feeling would continue in its first vigour even when the circumstances that gave rise to it had so materially changed. In this he will bo undeceived in all probability before very long, and it will be all for the best if it prove so, for the interests of all demand a speedy settlement of affairs. There is a strong feeling springing up in the States that too much sacrifice has been made already for en idea, and that some compromise should be made. Mr. LINCOLN'S dream of success is, therefore, very indefinite, and it will be seen that all accounts from America agree in asserting that a reaction has taken place in the minds of many who hitherto have been stedfast adherents to the cause of the Union. It must be confessed that enough has occurred to damp the ardour and quench the enthusiasm of even more inveterate disputants than these combatants, if such they could be. We hear of unparalleled 1053e3 and injuries to trade and commerce, but with these and hundreds of additional evils, who has yet been able to tell us of one decided gain ? There is neither gain nor glory to be found in the war on the Federal side at all events. The Con federates have made themselves most conspicuous by their courage and constancy, but they have had a cause to fight for. Their independence has been their slavery, but their opponents have been put to their wit's end to fired an equivalent to this stirring incentive. They have shouted the Union to little purpose, and now, it is universally admitted that the restoration of the Union is impossible. They then had recourse to the notion of slavery, but that has also failed then). It is, then, not be wondered at, that slowly but sorely a sentiment has sprung up which condemns the further persistence in a war which is grievous, costly, and unproductive of effects- A strong petty of Democrats are in favour of au armistice with the view of coming to terms. In ahert, it mey be prernieed from the intelligence received on all sides that a stron g w ill i s ;rowing tip. It mAy be very possible, as y et , for interested parties to shut their eyes to it, but no less surely i, the tide rising which is destined to submer ge their Outs in its gulphs. We may he, however, di sap , pointed if we aro in too great a hurry, for these things take time, and it ie idle to expect a mighty war to cease in a short time. Ii is something gained that any indications of a pcacE. , ful tendency are ob servable, and it will he our anxious task to watch for further revelations the same satisfactory tendency. It will not he surprising if the prolongation of the war does not, in the end, make mere Secessionists than Caere were at the commencement of the out- ~~ break. When we hear the manner in which the authorities on the Federal aide act, it is not to be wondered at that so strong a feeling of doubt exists in the minds of men relative to the restoration of the Union. General BURBRIDGE is a good sample of the Federal armies, and his exclamation the other day, on hearing that he had been premature in ordering a Confederate Lieutenant to be shot in place of a man on the other side who had only been wounded, was significant of the terms upon whiub the contest is being waged. He was delighted that a loyal man was alive, whom he supposed dead, and one more Confederate in hell. When we hear of such anecdotes it seems astonishing that before this some decisive attempt has not been made among the enlightened of the c ommunity to put an end to his creel contest. It is greatly to be regretted that no efforts have been made by the Powers of Europe to put a stop to the carnage and contention. It has been often disputed as to whether it were wise and practicable so to do, but the general opinion has generally been adverse to it. Expe rience has surely shown that what has been done, or rather left undone, for the best, has not turned out so favourably as was hoped it would. Beyond mere pacificatory mediation, if at the outset of the war England and France had boldly inaugurated a policy, and recognised the South, how differently things world have turned out. It would have been the best service that could have been rendered to the Federals them. ,elves, for they have involved themselves in a series of confusions that this generation cannot see them emerge from. As the chance of foreign aid, direct Jr indirect, is now, however, pretty well over, it remains with the Americans themselves to settle their disputes and arrange their affairs. It is then, on the whole, to be considered that some prospect of peace is dawning upon that distracted country, and amidst the many wars that have desolated the various countries of the world at different times, there can never have been one that more loudly called fir a cessation on the highest grounds. Hu manity, the ties of kindred, the claims of interest. all earnestly demand a cessation of the overwhelm. ing struggle, and well will it be for the right cause, the cause of peace, if Mr. LINCOLN is worsted in his efforts at supremacy. He has made a most signal failure from the outset of his career, and it is not often that one for whom so much was expected fails so utterly and egregiously in his attempts to carry out his policy. We learn from the sins and sufferings of others, and this transaltantic contest is rife with lessons of high import, but perhaps no individual case stands out in bolder relief than the experience of ABRAHAM LINCOLN as President. It is, indeed, a career to point a moral as to the vanity of human wishes, and the folly of indulging in vain expectations. The Schleswig-Holstein question is not yet finally at rest, even retrospectively, and treaties, protocols, letters, remonstrances, and addresses are still quoted and referred to, discussed and re-dis,• cussed, by those who want to find a plausible pre, text for rather suspicious-looking conduct Prussia having taken firm hold of the Duchies despoiled their property, and maltreated their in. habitants, talking all the while very loudly aboul the rights of nations, and the fulfilmsnt of sacred duties, is now very much disinclined to give np her material guarantees." Her statesmen and writers are, therefore, very busy in trying to prove that the Duchies belong of right to Pruasia, that she never cordially approved of their union with Den- mark (which is likely enough), and that she always intended to appropriate Ler conquests, even when she was proposing to bo only the agent for the Qnforcement of Federal, rights. The experience of the past might certainly have taught the Diet that (hey were performing a rash act when they suffered Austrian and Prussian troops to represent them in , he Duchies, for that such customers were easier admitted than dislodged. The tone of German morality o►i this question is curiously shown in a letter addressed by Count USEDOM, now Prussian Minister at Turin, to the son of Baron BUNSEN, whose name, as we all know, was appended to the famous Treaty of 1852. Baron von BUNSEN was himself opposed to that Treaty, and many of his friends objected to his signature being affixed to a document of which he disapproved, but Count USEDOM affirms that Baron BUNSEN declared that he would affix his signature, in order not to render still more heavy the sacrifice which the KING, his master, had to make. The sacrifice of pretensions which are totally unjustifiable, and based on no urer grounds than the rapacity of the strong against the weak, and crazy ambition of an exclu sively military nation to become a great naval power. It seems, indeed, that in Baron BUNSEN'S view the whole Treaty was merely a temporary device to pacify all parties for the time being, waiting for a fair opportunity of again bringing forward Prussian pretension. "It was," says Count USEDOM, " a pragmatic sanction, raised up artificially by parties unconcerned in the matter against the wishes, the rights, and the interests of those really concerned--in short, against the nature of thiogs." It is curious that the diplomatist should make use of the epithet " pragmatic sanction," which at once recals to the reader the days of CHARLES the SIXTH and MARIA THERESA, and the very questionable means by which Prussia becam e possessed of the fair pro vince of Silesia. Doubtless the London Treaty, in the eyes of shrewd Gen:eau politicians, even in the days of its first existence, Was regarded very m uc h, as FREDERICK, " commonly called the Great, " regarded poor CHARLES the SIXTH'S elaborate pre cautions to secure to his daughter the undisputed possession of her heritage. It was an engagement formally entered into with all due Pomp of word and compliment, all fitting ceremonial and courtly phraseology, but it was a mask which it we a . on ly convenient to wear for the time, and which could be flung off with very little scruple or delay Whe n the time for action came. This conduct, though not exactly what historians can approve or more_ lists extol, is at least comprehensive and con. sistent, but even in our high-flown and grandi loqueat days it is rather uncalled for and aggravat ing to find Prussia still protesting that she has acted for the good of the Duchies, and that the real likings and sympathies of the Schleswig.lrol steiners ever troubled the secret Cabinet at Sans Souci. We are told by the statesmen who knew him well that the chief characteristics of FREDE facie WILLIAM 11. were " an unchangeable human benevolence and a genuine sympathy of heart," and that these qualities rendered it especially prompt for him to agree to the Treaty of Lon don. "A 3 a politician the King delivered up the Duchies to their fate; humanly this resolve coat him a hard struggle." This is likely enough, but the struggle was rather with the dislike to relinquish a share of his neighbour's goods than any sensitive sympathy for the political hard ships of the people of the Duchies. Prussia just now presents us with a spectacle of inconsistency so manifest as would be ludicrous were not the circumstances so grave, yet she seems to be happily unconscious of the ridiculous spectacle which she offers. A T:'; and a Government who have been in open collision with th e i r own subjects, who are everywhere held up as the representative of all that most, tyrannical in civilised aaiii,:rity, come Ica, THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 1, 1864. ward professing the deepest concern in the injuries of a mixed population who are allowed the use of both languages, who have a separate representa tion and a share in the general government of the Kingdom, and a dozen other advantages which the Prussians have not. But the pretext is a very flimsy one, and Europe has long been aware of the real truth—that Prussia has been long determined on annexing the Duchies, and that her assent to the Treaty of 1852 was never meant to be more than a temporary evasion. What if France should regard the Treaty of 1815 in the same light, so far as Germany is concerned ? For lack, perhaps, of more stirring subjects of thought and discussion, sanitary measures are rising into unwonted importance both here and in India. The late season of the year, and the long continued drought, perhaps account for the sudden anxiety manifested among our rulers for details of the public health, for disquisitions on the sanitary condition of watering plaees, and similar topics ; while the publication of the Reports of the Registrar• General and the Officers of Health, have served to direct attention to many other questions intimately affecting the physical wellbeing of the people. Lancashire, we know, is getting good out of evil by the carrying out of those long deferred sanitary measures so greatly needed by her large and densely packed population, and all parties in that county are gladly availing themselves of the favourable opportunity for reme dying past neglects, But is India, where those glects have reached a pitch never dreamed of in clean and orderly England, while the exigencies of the climate render every sanitary precaution most imperative, the position of the would-be reformers is anything bat an agreeable one, It is impossible for the most ignorant not to be aware that the utter defiance of all sanitary laws and regulations in which Hindoos live is not only fatal to themselves, but dangerous to all around them. Any attempt at official investigation brings to light a state of things so shocking as scarcely to bear repetition to English ears, bat still the evil remains more difficult to deal with. English authority may indeed be unquestioned, but it is a very diffi cult if not desperate task to deal with popular pre judice and time-worn custom. The quiet Hindoos have also an inconvenient strength from their total absence of that energy and activity Which is the main spring of English life. They listen and sub mit apparently to the superior wisdom of the sahib, but they go on their own way notwithstanding, following it with a stolid indifference to all results that is perplexing to an English mind. One would think that they were naturally sufficiently acute to have gathered from actual facts enough knowledge to be aware . that impure water is unwholesome, that swamps breed malaria, that decaying bodies, whether human or animal, and decomposing vegetable matter, of whatever kind, are most prejudicial to health, and that any accumulation of filth near places of habitation are apt to generate fevers. These plain and simple rules might, one would imagine, have been drilled into their minds long before this if only from personal observation. But fever and pestilence go on their way unheeded, and we hear of stagnant ponds used for baths, washhouses, and cisterns alike—of open pits into which every description of refuse is flung close to their places of abode—of graves in which the dead are interred so near the surface that the jackals dig them up at night. When we add to all this the heat of an Indian sun magnifying every evil, intensifying every danger, we need not wonder that fever and cholera have their recognised dwelling places in the native towns. Tt is very difficult for the Government to act, yet act it must, unless it is prepared to abrogate one of the chief functions of an executive—the care for the lives of its subjects. It is impossible to regulate all the internal arrangements of a household by public decree, yet something is withi❑ our ken, and much may be done by a vigorous hand guided' by a firm will and a temperate and conciliatory dis position. It is very evident that the Hin doo is totally deficient of any sense of cleanliness, decency, and order in his domestic affairs, yet that is no reeson why he should be allowed to trifle with t!se public health by the en couragement of nuisances which in a more tem. perate clime would be objectionable and dangerous, but which in India are deadly. It has been suge gested that the Government should at once under take the sanitary regulation of the large towns, since the task is manifestly teo hard for the muni cipalities ; and this suggestion is, we think, a wise one, since the native justices are worse than indifferent in the matter. In all questions of social routine or of points of internal law, &c., the natives may fairly bo repre sented ; but with regard to sanitary regulations the full authority of the Government will be necessary to carry out any important reforms . It might be rendered a legal cffenoe to dig those shallow burying places which are productive of so much mischief—mischief of so revolting a charac ter, and which the Made°, who professes to be so especially scrupulous regarding the disposal of the dead, seems quite unconcerned about. The Government itself is not conscience clear about the water supply, but energetic measures might be taken to enforce a separation of the laundress's de partment from the bath and the source of household supply. Inspectors might keep a strict watch over any open receptacles of rubbish and refuse, and might render the owner of the house or hut in its immediate vicinity liable to a fine. Some such means will have to be adopted before we get the public health in India to be at all what it might be, and before the terrible epidemics of fever and cholera become, as they may hereafter do, as rare in Hindostan as in England. BREECH-LOADING RIFLES.—The Secretary of State for War is desirous of receiving communica tions from gunmakers and others on the subject of the best means of converting the Enfield r:fle into a breech-loader, under the following conditions :-1. Cost not to exceed .C 1 per arm, 2. Shooting of the converted not to be inferior to that of the unaltered arm. Descriptions of methods pro posed, accompanied by specimen arms, shonid be sent to the Director of Ordnance, War-office, Pall-mall, on or before the 20th of September. These descriptions and specimens will then be considered by the Ordnance Select Committee, who will select such of the plans as appear to them prima facie promising. Six rifles will be delivered for conversion to each of those gentlemen whose plans have been selected ' as above. They must be returned altered within five weeks of the date upon which they are sent, accompanied by 1,000 rounds of such ammunition (and to be ignited in such manner) as the competitors think most suitable. A sum of £2O will be paid to each of the selected competitors, to cover the expense of converting the six rifles and of the supply of ammunition required. A FELLOW-DZ-CE-IVID.—A stranger last week entered a druggist's shop in Maryport, and asked for a strong dose of poison to Lill rats. The shopkeeper observed something strange about the appearance of the man, and made him up a packet of magnesia, labelling it " poison." The strbnzer went immediately to a public house and called for a pint cf ale, into which ho emptied the packet of supposed poison and drank it off. He then told the landlord and others in the house what he had done, showing them the paper labelled "poison." The supposed victim then took an affectionate leave of his companions, and loft kind messages for his friends still there was no symptoms of approaching dissolution. It: the meantime the landlord slipped out to the druggist's and learned the secret of the hoax. To punish the fellow an emetic was admi nistered, and some one, professing an anxiety to relieve the sufferer proposed, for the want of a stomach pump, to in.. troduce the landlord's spiril syphon, but the tubes were not flexible onough. The after-sickness endured by the man it is hoped wilt cure him for the twine. He was turned over to the police, as he might have been, for his deadly inten tion.— cuinberlana 7 "'copra. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) SPAIN. MADRID, August 31. The Opposition journals assert that Senores Salverria and Canovis have resigned. All these rumours are at present, however, unfounded. THE CONGRESS AT IVALINES. (FROM OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT,) ,ALINES, Aug. 31. A second day of the Congress has added a good deal to its interesting character. The real practical good to be effected by such gatherings is, after all, the making acquainted with each other men who ought to know each other, who have already corre sponded together, or know each other's name and biography, but who might never have been brought together in any other way. This second session already shows that a great number of Catholics of all countries look to the Congress as their yearly holiday, and will return to 111alines periodically ; so that a regular set of Matinee' men will be formed in the course of time. The word of union among men of such fraternal religious feeling is affected not so much by meeting as during those intervals when the members of the Congress disperse them• selves into groups about the large courtyard before the hall, and form themselves into an immense open air conversazwfle. Moreover, this year two large halls have been devoted to evening conversation, where the real congressional work is going on nightly 'with still more Effect than in the courtyard aforesaid by day. The Congress seems also this year to be still more cosmo politan than last year. My making the acquaintance yesterday of a young Mexican priest, who was educated in a great measure in England, led me to the discovery of a whole group of Spanish priests and laymen, among whom there seem to be several very learned theologians and jurists. I understand that they displayed marked ability and learning yesterday morning at the meeting of the first section, which began like that of the four other sections at about a quarter past nine. The first section treats of religious works. The question before the meeting was the all-interesting one of the mortmain. Many of the Belgians present, Imbued with their own mcdern French legal notions, thought of making light of and of opposing the ancient principles of the mortmain legislation, _ _ which were amply vindicated, first by our Spanish friends who showed that it completed most effec tually the great work of social organisation, which, without it, was constantly threatened with a ten- dency to dispersion. The same side of the question, I hear, was taken also by Major O'Reilly, M.P: who delighted the audience by the quiet, clear, and' masterly way in which he analysed the whole sub• ject. All were delighted with the deep and solid learning so well displayed by the brave commander of the Irish Pontifical Brigade. _ _ _ For my part, I selected once more the fifth section on the press and publications, as my special section and soon became an attentive listener to the advo• cacy of cheap Catholic journals by a M. Stofiet, who was succeeded by a worthy parish priest, who called attention to the practical way of selling them by constituting hawkers for the purpose in each village, The speaker also suggested the institution of regular village religious songsters, to counteract the evils done by the general run of songs, and instanced the district of Ypres as one where it had been already successfully tried. M. Coomans, a member of the Belgian Parliament, suggested the division of journals into morning and evening sheets to make them smaller, fresher, and more easily read, He gave us a most amusing sketch of the history of journals, from the primitive weekly Gazette to the steam-wonders of three or four editions a day. He was followed by the Abbe Mullois, one of the Em peror of the French's private chaplains, a priest whose name is specially known from the success he has had in his ministry among the Paris workmen. The rev. chaplain spoke in the most witty and amusing manner upon the important point of mak- in; the most of the books given as prizes in the various schools, which are the only given books which are truly appeciated and read with interest by the whole of a family, and which there fore ought to be selected with great care as to proper spirit and suitable talent of composition, that they might thus turn to a full account their insured good luck, in point of number of interested readers. The Abbe Mullois is himself a well-known author of little books specially adapted to the taste of the workpeople. A well known writer, the witty author of Les Serpents, and the Evangile selon Renan, was the next speaker, and proposed as a practical conclusion to the Abbe Mullois proposal, that an international committee should be formed, to give a kind of catalogue ralson6e of the works that should be recommended not merely for their orthodoxy but for their literary merit. A. M. Collinet of Liege, called attention to the importance of selling good books and journals by means of the general hawkers, by making them a great reduction in price. The Rev. Father Dechamps, a well-known Rede mptorist preacher and writer, brother of the Minister of State of that name, called attention to the good to be effected by each one personally, by lending good books to friends and dependents. The Baron de Montreuil stated that a committee very much like the one suggested by M. Laterre to recom mend good books, of suitable literary merit, already existed at Paris under the presidency of the well known philanthropist, the Vicomte do Melun, and published in periodical bulletins. Di. Wrigley sug gested th a t, to give such a committee the proper international character, the committee should not limit its e lf to giving lists of French books, but also of Engli s h, German, Italian, and Spanish wcrks. He found that, as London correspondent of the Honcle of Paris, many private correspondents selected him to recommend them English works for gener a l rea ding, translation, and educati onal purposes. The Abbe Mulicis observed that the Vicomte de :11-clun's committee was alrea d y known to him; but th a t he thought a committee c omin g from the Malines Congress would be more effective and international. The Abbe de Geslin suggested that the Acedemie Catholique to be created at Brussels as a bond among Catholic .weiters of vari oustribunal required. The motion of Al. Lasserre was countries, sh o uld be selected as the literar y was then unanimously adopted. The meeting of the section concluded by taking into consideration the means to refute the errors and calumnies so generally spread a ga inst the Chu rch. The pro gramme suggest e d l oca l committees to be formed formed for the p ur p ose. M. Wigley sugge sted also to adapt to this p urpos e the British r emed y for grievances in g enera l o f " writing to the a l ines, " in the shape of Cath o li cs wr iting to thejournals w hen they discovered that any ca lumny was spread ag ai n st the Church. M. de poncheville, a young Paris student, then made a most interesting speech on the institution of the Catholic Club of the Luxembourg in Paris, and upon the organisation of such clubs, offering on the part of the Paris Citib to admit re. ciprocally to the benefits of the club the members of all other similar institutions. M. Neut, the chairman of the section, announced that this reci procity had already been agreed upon by the Catholic clubs of Bruges, Ghent, Antwerp , Liege , &a. , in Belgium. The m eet i ng o f the section adjourned at twelve. At 3 p.m. th 3 general rue3ting of the Congress began. Ido not dwell upon the interval, which was filled up by one of those delightful open air conversazioni—und a most agreeable gathering at dinner in the large refectory nall of the ...i . nainaire. At 3 p.m. the chair was tuken by the venerable president, the Baron de Gerlache, and M. Doepe tiaux read the report of the Central Committee on the labours of that committee to carry out the rese lution3 of the first Congress. Much enthusiasm was displayed at the entrance into the hall of General Campianmont, the chief conservative candidate at the recent elections for Brussels, and who made himself to well known in 1557 for his skilful sup pression of the democratic riots of Ghent. The General thanked the meeting in a few words uttered in a fine manly end military spirit and tone. M. Ducpettaue had rot proceeded fur with the reading of his report, when another and much louder outburst of entilubihatie feeling announced the entrance into the hall b of the celebrated Bishop of Orleans, Mgr. Dupanloup who came in introduced by the Cardinal Archbishop of Malines himself, and accompaniedby the Bishops of Tourney, Ghent, and Namur, and followed by several prelates and distinguished laymen. The Baron de Gerlache, when silence was restored, ad dressed to the great French Bishop a few words of appropriate feeling words markaby all the mental vigour which still distinguishes that venerable sep tuagenarian. Amidst a fresh burst of applause, Mgr. Dupanloup ascended the platform, and in a voice full of emotion thanked the assembly for the greet ing given to his sacred character as a bishop, and to his national position as a Frenchman. " I can easily disinterest myself," said he, "in the matter of your kind reception. lam but a fiction person ally, and feel that it is given to the Catholic and the French bishcp. You love Christ and his Church. You salute me as the brother of y our own bishops, and however unworthy of your courageous and patriotic Cardinal, as well a son of that great coun try with which you have so much in common. I also love you; I love Belgium, which, though a new nation, is more solidly established and more free than many an ancient State, thanks to her faith, her laws, and her King. In Belgium I love especially her good Catholic population, and I am happy to give them, in coming among you a testi monial of sympathy because they have been lately not so successful as they ought to be. Had you not been conquered, I might not have come. Bat I felt that want of success is a trial, and that the time of trial is the time to prove true affection and faithful friendship." When the applause which followed these words had ceased, M. Ducpetiaux announced the arrival on the previous day of the distinguished French writer and orator, M. A. Coehio, and continued the reading of the general committee's report. Addresses to the German and Swiss Pinsvereins were then read and adopted. An address to the Congress, from 203 young students of Paris, was alse read. Several additional honorary vice-presidents wet() appointed for Holland, Ger many (among whom was Herr Augustus Reichen sperger), France, Spain, and Canada. M. Verspergen called the attention of the meeting to the case of the great Catholic journalist of Bologna, Signor Casoni, whose present journal, the Patriota Catholica, is threatened, like the precede ing journals he has edited, with annihilation, from the fines imposed upon it by the Piedmontese fiscal authorities. He announced that the Bien Public of Ghent had already opened a subscription to come to his aid, and invited the Catholics of Belgium to come to the rescue of this courageous champion of his country's rights and those of the Church. M. Dacpetiaux announced that the general com mittee subscribed 2,000 f. towards the fund for the payment of the fines imposed by the Piedmontese Government on the Patriota Catholica of Bologna, and told M. Perspergen that he could write with all confidence to Signor Casoin that the Catholics of Belgium alone would be his sureties. The Marquis de Kerchove, a well-known Belgian diplomatist, then delivered a most eloquent address on the spirit of union which ought to reign among Catholics, and which the Congress was so well calculated to pro mote. After this speech, which lasted nearly an hour, M. Dacpetiaux announced that the general meeting on the following day would begin with an address from Mgr. Dupanloup. A very eloquent, but not very well timed, address on the Religious Orders, by 11.1. Woest, a young and very promising barrister of Brussels, concluded the proceedings at a quarter past six. In the evening an interesting concert was given in the hall of the Congress by the blind pupils of the asylum of Brother Julien, FRANCE. BOURSE, Aug. 31.—The English Funds have again declined 1. The reponse de primes (option) has been made at 66f. 30c. for the 3 per Cents. That stock, for the account, remains unvaried at 66g. 35c. Mobilier at 1,006 f. 25c. R tilway Market quiet, but firm. The following are the closing prices 4t per Cents. 94 75 Dr. Ana month 3 per Cents Do. end month 66 35 Credit Mobilier 1005 Do, end month 1005 Bank Shares 3390 Credit Foncier 1215 Roman — Italian Loan 67 50 rm. end month e,7 56 Ditto Threes — New Mexican Russian Austrian .. — -- Spanish Threes 49 75 Home Debt .. 4Ba Deferred 'ITS. Cash. Account. Orleans - 590 .. 887 50 Northern 987 50 .. 985 Lyons and Mediterranean 916 25 .. 920 Southern Western Eastern Sardinian 350 .. 347 50 Austrian Lombard North cf Spain Saragossa .... 487 50 .. 481 25 Ditto to Barcelona .... 202 50 .. 205 RAIL friT , , \ „ artnbr. Departure of their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Princess Mary of Cambridge for Germany. Their Royal Highnesses and suite left last night by the 8.30 p.m mail train of the London, Chatham, and Dover Railway from ictoria station for Dover, where they em barked immediately for Calais on board the London, Chatham, and Dover Company's special mail packet the Wave. Their Royal Highnesses were received at Victoria and Dover by the principal officers of the railway company, The train ran for the first day on the Admiralty Pier at Dover, alongside the mail packet. We understand that both the morning and evening mail trains of the London, Chatham, and Dover Railway Company will in future land and embark the mails and passengers and their bag gage to and from the trains and mail paokete at the Admi ralty Pier, thus entirely superseding the use of small boats and saving the transit to and from the packet and railway. This will be a greatboon to travellers on dark and boisterou s nights, and save them the expense of cab or omnibus hire, and the well-known exactions of that almost now defunct body of plunderers, the Dover town porters. Her Imperial Highness the Grand Duchess Marie of Russia, his Excellency Count Strogonoff, and Countess Tolstoy, have left Claridge's Hotel for Torquay, His Excellency the Turkish Ambassador has left Bryanston-square for Edinburgh. Madame Musurus and daughters have arrived at Paris en route to Germany. His Excellency Count Szielen has left Claridge's Hotel for Paris. The Earl and Countess of Lichfield are about to receive a succession of visitors at their seat, Shugborough, Staffordshire. The Earl of Mount Edgcumbe, accompanied by Lord George Hamilton, have left Chesterfield Ileum) to join the Countess at Tunbridge Wells. The Countess of Dalkeith will leave town to-day for Scotland. The Countess of Jersey arrived in Berkeley-square yesterday from Osterley Park. Her ladyship will shortly leave town for Brighton. The Countess Craven and the Ladies Craven have returned to Ashdowne Park, Berke, from a tour of visits. Viscountess Stratford de Radcliffe has arrived at Oxon Heath, Tunbridge, Kent, on a visit to Sir William and Lady Geary. Lord and Lady Forester, who arrived in London a few days since from the Continent, left town yesterday for their seat, Willey Park, Salop. THE DUKE OF HAMILTON.—The Bulletin de Lois publishes a decree, maintaining and confirming in favour of William Alexander Louis Stephen, Duke of Hamilton, the hereditary title of Duke do Ohatollerault, created by Henry 11., King of France, in favour of James Hamilton, Earl of Arran. MAP AND CENSUS 1861.—A1l of us have a lively recollection of au inquisitorial government paper being left at our residences in April, 1861, requiring our christian and surname, profession, and age; from which even the fair sex were not exempt. The collection we imagined was for the weal of the State, hut are now agreeably surprised at the same being placed before us in a personally interest ing form. This manipulation of otherwise dry figures has been brought out in the form of a map of England, that shows on the railways the various towns, with the popula tion according to the last census; the counties are tinted and their names prominently coloured, so that the ready student, or the interested rustic, instantly traces his native place, the rail by which it is reached, and the number of the human family there located. 1n addition, we observe against each place the name of the agent of Messrs Ilorni man, who have caused this map of such wide-spread utility to be prepared, and exhibited for public view at the vatic/iv railway statious throughout the kingdom, LI RE. Son and and Heir. A Novel. Three Vols. Hurst and Blackett. If this is a first work, it promises well for the future excellence of its author. The story is ingeniously conceived and powerfully told. It is not a sensational novel, and yet it is likely to awaken in the minds of its readers sensations of interest, as well as of syrn. pathy and sorrow far deeper and keener than are usually aroused by the novels aspiring to that reputation. The story turns upon an . act of sub lime self-sacrifice on the part of the hero—a sacrifice mitigated by no alluring inducements. No public demonstrations of sympathy, no friendly applause or admiration reward him, even his own " self-approving hour" is dimmed by perplexity Everard Chalcoto, the hero of this tale of trial, the " Son" whose filial affections are the source of poignant ellitction, the " Heir" whose inheritance is grief and desolation—is the only child of Sir Hugh Chalcote, of Chalcote Place, Bart. " Unstable as water," Sir Hugh, with his kind heart and generous impulses, fatally errs in the most important crisis of his life— he " sows the wind" and the " whirlwind" is reaped not by his hand, but by that of his ill-fated heir, While Sir Hugh, who "means well," is always in tending to do right, Everard, his son, we are told, "does his duty without thinking of it, and lives a noble life without knowing it." Here is a fuller portrait of— . . EVERARD CHALCOTE. And now, while Everard is endeavouring to answer a storm of affectionate inquiries from his father, I will fully introduce him to my readers. Well, then, to begin with—" my boy," as Sir klugh called him—was not a boy at all, but a dignified looking man of thirty; tall, broad-shouldered, and, like the rest of his family, fair-complexioned—with that singularly beautiful hair which could be traced in the portraits of the Chalcotes back to the time of Queen Elizabeth,' and beyond that— very curly, very light—positively yellow hair it was, " paley gold," as Sydney called it. There was something of a military air about him, as there was abr.ut his father. Only, it must be confessed, that in Everard's case, it was due to a connection with no more exalted position than the Devon yeomanry cavalry. His whole outer man was of the true English type. His face, from forehead to chin, was square and massive, with few but firmly marked lines, and one deep cleft between the eyebrows. The lips, what you could see of them for a thick moustache, were sharply cut and compressed together, but when they did smile, there came all at once such a gleam of white teeth that you were positively dazzled. Altogether there was a cold, hard expression about his face, as if from a lack of shadow, as if he had been too happy all his life to know what happiness or tenderness meant. Only he had a pair of most winning sea-blue eyes, which, when he addressed any one, looked straight into theirs with a frank, boyish simplicity ; and when he was silent, had in them a dreaming, abstracted, far-away look, as though they saw things that nobody else did. He was not at all clever ; he was not remarkable in any way. Ho was a born country gentleman, and would never have made himself a name in any of the professions. He took a keen interest in country matters, in politics and agri culture; he was passionately fond of out-door sports, rode well to hounds, was a dead shot, and a first-rate cricketer. The author has bestowed great pains upon the de• lineation of Everard , s character, and the result has been singularly felicitous. The minor faults and weaknesses of his nature, which are exemplified in the description of his early happy days, add a two fold intensity to the bitterness of his after trial, more especially his pride, his morbid, sensitive pride undergoes " a fall," the anguish of which no stranger could realise. Very appropriate is the quotation from Sir Henry Wotton on the title page— "Lord of himself, whate'er befall, And losing all things, yet hath Such, in few words, is the epitome of the career and character of Everard Carew Chalcote, for one brief while, Baronet and owner of Chalcote Place. We must not reveal too much of the story. The following glimse of Sir Hugh's fatal indecision will give a faint idea of the interest of the tale without betraying its mystery : PROCRASTINATION. Sir Hugh was left standing in the middle of the room, eyeing, uneasily, the cabinet, which looked at him out of its corner like a great ill-omened raven. He scratched his head, pulled hies moustache, groaned and unuttered to him self— " I'd better do it at once. He may find out some day— perhaps after I'm dead and gone." He had not moved, however, when a servant knocked at the door and said that my lady had returned from her drive, and wished to see Sir Hugh. He gave a guilty start, ran to the cabinet, locked it, shook the doors to see if they were fast, thrust the key into his waistcoat pocket, and hurried out of the room. So once more Sir Hugh put off to a more convenient season, doing that which in the end he was forced to leave undone, to his great grief—that which Everard was forced to do, to his-0 how immeasurably greater grief. When Everard ultimately makes the discovery, he is bound by a solemn oath to his dead father to pre serve his secret, and he finds himself, he—with hit morbid pride and sensitive feeling of honour—finds himself under the alternative of doing an act of in justice, or breaking a solmenly sworn vow:! The situation is very p3werfully and very naturally described, Like the Cid in a similar perplexity, he might exclaim— " 0 .Dieu Petrange peine"— Oa de trahir ma flamme Ou de vivre en infarae— Des deux cotes mon mal est infini." His choice is decided by an infallible rule to a noble nature—Self-sacrifice— " He never errs who sacrifices self." A subdued tenderness—after the stormy struggle of the preceding portion —pervades the closing volume of the story. Like Junius " the sole de pository of his secret," no solace of sympathy or approbation sustains or rewards the struggle of Everard Chalcote, yet is he blessed with the tender love of a true woman's heart—a love that for a time only adds a greater poignancy to the depths of his affliction, Sydney Chalcote, Everard's cousin and betrothed, is most admirably depicted, Wayward and petulant in her girlish pride— " A Creature not too bright or good" by the double discipline of love and sorrow, she becomes developed into a noble specimen of a true, devoted woman, ready, for love's sake, to sacrifice love itself, and, with the sublime trust of true affection, " hoping all things, believing all things !" No .shadow of a doubt dims the sun shine of her heart's affection when the conduct of her lover is most inexplicable. She loves him, she would die for him, and she cannot doubt him. This one solace is vouchsafed to Everard—this and the friendship of honest, genial Ralph Leth bridge, a capital character, who rapidly endears himself to the reader. In the descriptions of the different characters, the author of " Son and Heir" is very felicitous. Lady Chalcote, in her selfishness and serenity—Frank, the despicable and treacher ous heir-presumptive—Pendarvis, the honest, de voted servitor, and many others, are described with a life.like fidelity. Av specimens of the natural writing and vivid descriptions which abound in the pages of "Son and Heir," here is--- A HOME PICTURE. Certainly it was a grand old room; everything about it was richly hued and warmly toned. The heavy crimson curtains drawn across the oriel, shutting out the chill grey world without; the mellow brown panels, the burnished floor with just a square of soft rose-red carpet in its centre ; the walls of hooks in antique binding, in scarlet and purple and gold ; the quaint old furniture black from age—with its scrolls and arabesques, and griffins' heads and heraldio shields—were all in harmon) ; and over all floated the golden lamp light, and flickered the ruddy fire-glow. The table, once sacred to books and papers and literary ware, was invaded by a small detachment of wafer-like tea cups and saucers, all over pagodas and Chinese trees, and long-tailed birds commanded by a diver tea-urn, which could boast of being an heirloom. And hero is a charming glimpse . HORNTNG. Morning came, fresh, grey, chilly. A thrill and murmur of Emakened life seemed to run through the whole world, From far-off fields and farms cause pleasant country sounds —cocks crowing, cattle lowing, sheep bells tinkling. A fresh day had begun, a day just like any other working day. The - world would go on just the same as usual, for all that happened in one small room at Chalcote Place. The spar rows came out of the ivy, and hopped and chirruped boldly on the window sill—that room was so quiet. And from tree to tree blackbirds and thrushes sang, and their notes swelled into a chorus of what seemed like praise and thanks giving. For God is great. As a contrast to whis;h we may take the following : EVENING. The run was low in the wept. The woods that bounded their horizon were drowned in floods of molten gold, and the level sward of the park, what with buttercups, and the long streaks of sunlight, looked like a "Field of the Cloth of Gold," Upon the terrace th4ranito urns were likewise burnished gold—below, the grim old cedar trunks wer scarlet, the cedar boughs were bronze, each leaf of the copper beech was a glittering, blood-red ruby, and the roses burned like sparks of fire. Far away to the left, in one of the trees which stood up sharp and clear and purple-black against the amber sky, a thrush was singing his evening song. All this was unconsciously noted by both Everard and Sydney, and the calmness and gorgeous beauty of that evening would come back vividly to their memories some future day. Some readers may be disappointed with the con clusion of the story, but all will be deeply interested and enthralled by its perusal. It is a work of a higher class and better tone than the majority of the novels which come before us, and it is likely to benefit as well as to delight the readsr—to benefit him by lifting his thoughts for awhile above the sordid interests of meaner creatures, to contemplate the struggles of a noble heart, not for gold or gain, not fcr pomp or place, but for principle and virtue, even at the cost of all things. 7ha Biglow Papers. By James Russell Lowell. One vol., pp. 200. John Camden Hotten. If by no more than the publication of this delight ful little volume—comprising within it the whole of the world-famous 11;filoto Papers—Mr. Rotten may be very fairly said to have here most auspi ciously inaugurated his movement across Piccadilly to a new and ampler tenement than the old one hitherto (and, for that matter, still for the time being) occupied by him, hard by the north-east corner of Green Park. It augurs well for his career as among our London Publishers. For, it testifies at onoe his taste and his enterprise. It conveys to the reader of it —this choice little book—proof positive of the soundness of Mr. Hotten's judgment and of the niceness of his judgment. And we speak this dilsc tinctly and individually of the publisher of this London Edition of the Biglow Papers, because he is at once, in regard to it, the Editor of the Volume as well as the Publisher of it. ,The Editor of it, not, be it understood, just nominally, but searchingly and thoroughly. And—the work itself ! This won derfully comical book of " The Biglow Papers !" For genuine Yankee wit, it is a masterpiece. Any one who has a relish for the grotesque freaks of rhyme indulged in by Tom Hood, for the racy and abounding humour of Sidney Smith,for the capricious rhythm and inexhaustible fun of Thomas Barham, otherwise Thomas Ingoldsby—any one who has a recollection of having years ago shaken his sides over Colman's " Broad Grins," over Haliburton's laugh. ter-moving but imperturbable " Clockmaker," over Canning's extravagantly ridiculous" Anti-Jacobin," with its Friend of Humanity discoursing in immor tal sapphics to the needy Knife-Grinder—any one, in a word, who has an eye for real mother-wit, a keen appreciation of the truly humorous, and risible muscles susceptible of entering into the fun of a joke with an instant and com plete enjoyment —may be certain of this that the "Biglow Papers" are just the very thing for him! Wherever he opens them, they are sine of hitting him to a nicety in the midriff! If adaptable co any known tune, they are certainly adaptable to the air of "Away with Melancholy." The illustra tor of the very cover of this shilling reprint of the work in its popular London Edition, has caught the very genius of the book upon the point of his comic pencil. For, there, upon the centre of that outer title page, has he not (this ingenious draughtsman) pourtrayed a very model or beau ideal of a Yankee Volunteer ? With the old constitutional initials— that once renowned "U. S." that seemed to say (monosyllobbically), and with the true Yankee twang, US can whip all creation ! the world-famous " U.S." by this time all bat U F'' imprinted here on the crossbelt of the uniform of the Yankee Volunteer pur et simple (in one sense anything but pure or simple), this cute creature with the broad-brimmed hat upon his cranium, his lantern jaws fringed with a pointed 3tubble of beard, his olfactories just inhaling a flavour of snuff from the point of his right thumb, his left yet holding before him the open snuffbox— Indicative probably of his being, par excellence, one who is (in his own estimation) always " up to snuff." Beneath this spectacled effigy of your Fighting Yen.. kee—as a sub-title to the " Biglow Papers" , there appears (as we presume the English publisher's and Editor's definition of these same " Biglow Papers" not the author'e)—the intimation that the little book oontains within it " The Choicest Humorous Poetry of the ,Age." And, really, for that _ . matter, if we prcfiz to that statement the two additional words, " Some of"—the aster. Lion, thus qualified, will have just hit it ! For the fact of the matter is simply this—these Big low Papers are, in their own classic phraseology, "true grit." Whether we accept them as from Ja mes Russell Lowell (merely as the mouthpiece—of R osea Biglow of Jaalam—of Increace B. O'Phace, Esquire —or of Bridofredum Sawin), these wonderf ally funny,wise and witty,bitingly-causticyet thorouglly good•humoured effusions, are, in truth, the true' it of true grit." The Poet, in quaffing his pot of Helicon-liquor, has drawn it evidently from the r ight tap—one worthy of tho name given (rather doubt• fully) by the burly landlord to that men.orable 6 lass of beer drunk by poor little David Copperfielit on his birthday—" The genuine stunning." Here it is t last—not dubiously foaming up in the tumbler handled by David Copperfield, but sparkling and bubbling—as fresh as ever—never for that matter stale, flat, or unprofitable, in the " native pewter" angered with an adept's touch by Hosea Biglow of Jaalam aforesaid. Take the merest taste of it, and say whether in spite of its profanities, its vulgarities, And its stupendous eccentricities, it be not as we have said—the genuine stunning— We begin to think it's nater To take sarse and not be riled ; Who'd expect to see a tater All on Bend at bein' biled I Or again —and surely the reach cf profane famia Aunty could scarcely any further go— God hez sed so plum an' fairly It's ez long ez it is broad, An' you've gut to git up airly Ef you want to take in God. As to War— I dunno but `vat it's pooty Trainin 'round in bobtail coats— But it's curus Christian dooty This era cuttin' folks's throats. Another while, pretty much to the same effect in meaning though to a different measure, quoth our transaltlantic chanticleer (still harpinglon This sort o' thing aint jest like thet—l wish that 1 wus furda— Nimepunce a day fer killin' folks comes kind o' low for murder. The fun, the wisdom, the wit, the humour c , f the thing can only be caught by retaling these most whimsical papers each in its entirety—or, better still, the whole series of Biglow papers just as they are here preened to us, with all their fantastic in troductions, foot-notes, interpolations, and runn., log commentaries. Mr Rotten has done exactly the right thing in issuing precisely this very edition of James Russell Lowell's literezy muster. piece, The Danes in Camp. Letters from Sondarborg. By Auberon Herbert. One Vol., pp. 221, ►Sawn. ders, 0 tley, and Co. The author of these pleasant letters excusc is their homely form, written as they were during hits resi4 deuce in Denmark, and at the very scat of the war. His object in their publication is, he tells us, two. fold. " I have been irfluenced by the double wish to reproduce iu some simple fashion, for the sake of those of my countrymen who are interested in the present fortunes of Denmark, a part of my personal impressions and experiences, and also to piece on grateful record the kindness with which soldier and civilian, stranger and acquaintance invariably befriended me during my visit to that country." Written in an easy, goseipp , ing style, full of inci. dental anecdotes and reflections, these "Letters" give a very interesting glimpse of Danmark and the Dance. Mr. Herbert recognises many points of resemblance between Englishmen and Danes. As, for example, where he writes — Comparing breakfasts, I hero tako occasion to notice what has been striking me most forcibly during the last few days—the resetnblance between the Danes and the English. There is not only a resemblance between us in certain loading points of character, not only do I think that they have a double portion of that honesty and straightforward ness which we are apt to claire for our own national cha racter and peculiar birthright, not only have they a man liness and dignity of behaviour which is certainly a northern rather than a southern virtue, but I find that in some