The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-27 00:00:00

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MFR Naval and itary n ellige7‘, 7 oV:c .- 1 :':l•l4sl,, kz \V-5, rgtgAW),l , 347.e2; The Government having decided on dFoltitlii.i.4l-)',4,, the dockyard and naval store establisleiffja'r — ViZ ) ; Deal, Admiralty instructions have been receivelnit S Chatham, directing the whole of the stores to be removed from the Deal yard to Chatham, where they will be inspected by the officials of the esta blishment. Those which are found to be unfitted for the public service will be condemned and dis posed of. Already several of the largest descrip tions of anchors and cables have been transferred from Deal to Chatham, and two of the dockyard transports are employed exclusively in removing the remainder of the stores. The site of the dock yard will be appropriated by the Government for building purposes, a portion being set apart for in creasing the barrack accommodation of the troops quartered at Deal. ENTEIVEBER, WE SUP AT EVANS' _E. Pi) EVERY EVENING THIS WEEK aft ,r Alfred Mellon's Promenade Concerts. TH. E NAVY. EDINBURGH (Reduced Fares), from Irongate wharf, Tower.—Saloon, 20s ; fore cabin, 15s ; deck (soldiers and sailors on`y),7s M; return tickets (available for a month), 30s and 22s ed. The cheapest and quickest sea route by the splendid new STEAMSHIPS of the LONDON and EDINBURGH SIIIPPING COMPANY, sailing every Wednesday and Saturday, at 10 morning. Apply at the Spread Eagle, Regent-circus; or at Irongate-wharf. THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, AUGUST 27, 1863 PRICE...-. ..4d. STAMPED -...5d. N O . 22,204. employing coal for domestic purposes. The simplest arrangements to confine the heat and concentrate it upon the operation to be performed would suffice to obviate this. In warming houses we con sume in our open fires about five times as much coal as will produce the same heating effect when burnt in a close and properly constructed stove. These are homely considera tions—too much so, perhaps, for an amnesty like thus ; but I trust that an abuse involving a useless expenditure exceeding in amount our income-tax, and, capable of being rectified by attention to scien tific principles, may not be deemed unworthy of the notice of some of those whom I have the honour of addressing. The introduction of the Davy lamp was a great event in the history of coal mining, not as effecting any great diminution of those disastrous accidents which still devastate every colliery district, but as a means of enabling mines to be worked which, from their greater explosive tendencies, would otherwise have been deemed inaccessible. Thus, while the Davy lamp has been of great benefit both to the public and the proprietors of coal, it has been the means of leading the miners into more perilous workings, and the frequency of accident by explo sion has in consequence not been diminished to the extent which was originally expected. doned in favour of the centigrade scale. The recog nition of the m e t r i c system and of the centigrade the d p scale by the num erous men of scienc mp n p c i a c e;ry and w h British Association w ou ld b e a most mp r towards effecting th a t univer adoption a lo e c. the which h ot— ocsati n nio r o n r i f rs athe might take th e l ea d i n th i s , association, s s s o oi a e t I F ina r ti e et n rs c ic h voill s ll t e a icn n tie d vv a ei r t d ca s abpl i ya n ci t capacity, t a Iljries otin t good work, by excluding in future all other standards from their published proceedings. The recent discovery of the source of the Nile by Captains Speke and Grant has solved a problem in geography which has been a subject of speculation from the earliest ages. It is an honour to Englano that this interesting discovery has been made by two of her sons; and the British Association, which is accustomed to value every addition to knowledge for its own sake, whether or not it be attended with any immediate utility, will at once appreciate the importance of the discovery, and the courage and devotion by which it has been accomplished. The science of organic life has of late years been making great and rapid strides, and it is gratifying to ob serve that researches both in zoology and botany are characterised in the present day by great accu racy and elaboration. Investigations patiently conducted upon true inductive principles cannot fail eventually to elicit the hidden laws which govern the animated world. Neither is there any lack of bold speculation contemporaneously with this painstaking spirit of inquiry. The remark• able work of Mr. Darwin promulgating the doc trine of natural selection has produced a pro found sensation. The novelty of this ingenious NORTH BRITISH ANT) MERCANTILE INSURANCE COMPANY. ••=M•1•111...1••••••.=..M.••••! NEW NOVEL by the Author cf "COUSIN GEOFFREY." Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., LEFT TO THEMSELVES. By the Author of "Cousin Geoffrey," &.c. Hurst and Blackett, 13, GreaVarlborough-street. Meeting of the British Association. Established 1809. Incorporated by Royal Charter and Special Acts of Parliament. Yesterday was appointed for the meeting of the general committee of the British Association, in the hall of the Literary and Philosophical Society, Newcastle. It had also been arranged that the sec tion committee meetings should take place at three p.m., and eight o'clock in the evening had been ap pointed for the grand opening meeting in the Town hall. The following is the inaugural address pre pared by Sir W. Armstrong, president of the asso- ----- Accumulated and Invested Funds Annual Revenue ..V,122,828 422,401 FIRE DEPARTMENT. In suran - es orantel both at home and in Foreign Countries on the most liberal terms. Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., E N I A. IT " This novel exhibits ibits no 0 mean powers of conception and expression."—Morning Post. "The style is both lively and picturesque."--' aily News. Hurst and Blackett, 13, Great Mar;borough-street. LIFE DEPARTMENT. Every facility offered to Insurers. Ninety per Cent. of the Profits divided among the Insurers on the participating principle. The new Life business transacted in 1862 as follows : Policies. Amrunt 'Toured. Premiums. 1,037 £763,334 £23,641 0 0 For ms of Proposal and every infOrmation will be furnished on application at the F RASER'S MAGAZ . Price COM NE for SEPTEMBER. !s. ciation : Gentlemen of the British Association s —l esteem A Plea for the Free Discus sion of Theological Difficu lties. Late Laurels. A Tale. Chap ters XI V. and XVI. Harvest. By Astley H. Bald win. Our Manufacturing Districts under a Cloud. By a Man chester Man. The Periooical Press of the United Stites of America. A Fortnight in Belgium in the June and July of 1863. Recreations of a London Re cluse. A Chapter on Madagascar. London: Parker, Son, an, Lawrence Bloomfield in Ire land. Part XL—Lord and Lady. Free Translation from Pro- L°NDON O FFI CES : 58, Threadneedle -street. 4, Nevr Bank B uil dings. Lothbury, West-end Office B, Waterloo -pace, Pall-all. pertius. By I.7.:.mund W. Wad. On the Creilbilitv of Old THE ROYAL INSURANCE COMPANY. BEAD OFFICES, 29, Lombard-street, London, and Royal Inturance buildings. Liverpool. Total Annual Revenue exceeds ........ zson,o , n. Accumulated Funds in hand over 1 OOO,OOO. Song-History and Tradi- tion. "Moriens Cano."—The Pic ture of the Christian Mar tyr in the International Exhibition. On the Forest-Hill: with Chairman in Liverpool : CHARLES TURNER, Esq., M.P. some Though's touching Dream-Life. By The Prussian Crisis. Chairman in London : WILLIAM WAINWRIGHT, Esq. Bourn, West Strand, W.C. tas- Late ;ied ,ate EXTRACTS FROM THE_ REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1862. ORITIQUP:S on the LEADERS o f th e ‘..) NE WSPA PER PRESS—Reviews of all New Books— English and Foreign Scientifi.; Intormation—Extracts— Gossip, &c., ac., in the LITERARY TIMES, every week. Twopence. 89, Fleet-street. The Directors of the Royal Insurance Company are now called upon to make their accustomed periodical Report at the Meeting of its Shareholders. FIRE BRANCH. The Directors have, as pleasingly as unexpectedly, at the close of the year, to announce, for the first time, that the Fire Premiums have not only reached, but exceed £300,000. The high comparative position held by the Royal in the Government Returns of Duty is again fully maintained. The profit of the business of the year exceeds considerably the amount realised in the preceding year, and in fact sur passes that of any year. with but two exceptions, sine., the commencement of thia Office, the balance to the credit ou account of British and Foreign Insurances being £45,107 10s. 5d., and of the North American business, whichis kept sepa rately, £11,097165. Iod. theory, the eminence of its author, and his masterly treatment of the subject, have per haps combined to excite more enthusiasm in its LIFE BRANC The very gratifying duty now falls upon the Directors to state the sum assured on n.w policies for fhe year 1862 exceeds even that of the yesr 1861 by £lBO,OOO, and has arrived at the almost unexampled amount for a single year of £701,427 on 1,498 new policies issued. Until within the last few years it is believed that such a sum assured as that which has just been announced as the result of one year's business was all but unheard of. This portion of the Company's business has been carefully watched, and cannot fail to give much satisfaction to the shareholder, as well as no small encouragement fbr the future to the participatinz life assurer. Evidence of continued care in the selection of lives is amply afforded by a statement of the number rejected. These have amounted to 311 for the year, on which the aggregate sum proposed for assurance Amounts to 43,281. Various degrees of ineligibility have led to these lives being declined. No small number of the Assurance Companies of the day record their accepted lives annually at a sum not much. if at all, exceedin9:, those which the Royal has declared as inadmis sink in a single year from deterioration of some kind or another. If, to complete their review, the Directors now advert briefly to the United Kingdom, they have to announce that in Fire Business its progress has been undoubtedly more rapid than that of any other Company established either in Landau or elsewhere, except when amalgamations have taken place. The returns of duty have proved this. In Life, the amount of New Policies already reported make all other evidence needless. The Directors conclude their present Report with the expression of an opinion that the prospects of the Royal Insuranca Company were never brighter, and of a consequent hope, founded on a grateful remembrance of the past, that the future may unfold for it a sphere of still greater magni tude, combining distin g uished commercial success t o th e Office with a l eng th ene d career of usefulness and protection to the public. PERCY M. DOVE, Manager and Actuary. JOHN B. JOHNSTON, Secretary in London. N ORWICH UNION FIRE INSURANCE SOCIETY. The business of the Company exceeds £70,000,000. The duty paid to Government for the year 1862 was £88,062, and the amount insured on farming stock, £10,086,332. A bonus of three-fifths of the profits periodically made to parties insuring, who have thus. from time to time. received sums amounting in the aggregate to Lit 0,000 : and the Society now holds a large Resr.rve applizable to a future Bonus. The rates of premium are in no case higher than those charged by the other principal offices making no returns to their insurers. For pro4pectuses apply at the Society's Offices, Surrey. street, Norwich ; and 8, Crescent, New Bridge-street, Black. friars, E.C. PROVIDENT CLER. ASSOC', Establish TRUST KS' MUTUAL LIFE ATION. hed 1840. Thomas Baring, Esq., M.P. I Wm. Geo. Prescott, Esq. Thomson Hankey, Esq., M.P. I Baron L. de Rothschild, M.P. Mutual Life Assurance for all classes. This Association has now in existence 6,000 policies, for a total suns of £1,500,000. The Annual Income i s £51,000 The Accumulated Fund exceeds .. 2 0, , 00 It has paid in Claims .. 112,0u0 The whole of the profits are divided quinquennially among the Members. Three divisions have already been made' when the following sums have been added as bonuses to the policies Dec. 31, 1847 .. „ 1852 . „ 1857 .. •• .. 1862 makinir the total bonus additions, £96,600. • Bonuses may be received in clsli or appliei to the rPduc tion of premiums at the option of the assured, in lieu of an addition to the r obey. Attention is especially invited to the system of free or paid up policies introduced by this Association, by which the sacrifice so often submitted to on the relinquishment of po icy is wholly avoided. The balance-sheets of the Association are open to all, whether assurers or otherwise. Active and influential agents will be appointed in unrepre sented districts. £5,400 • • 11,500 • • 23 200 • • 56,500 WM. THOS. LINFORD, Seeretaiy, Chief Office, 15, Moorgate-street, E.C., Aug 1, 1863. A.D. 1720. ROYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE CORPORATION (Established by Charter of his Majesty George the First) FOR SEA, FIRE, LIFE, AND ANNUITIES. Offices, Royal Exchange, London. Branch Office, 29, Pall-mall. OCTAVIUS WIGRA. Governor. GEORGE PE ARRES BARCLAY IL Esq , Esq. , , Sub-Governor. Sir Jour? HENRY PELLE, Bart., Deputy-Governor. DIRECTORS. Henry Bainbridge, Esq. Wiimot Holland, Esq. Robert Barclay, Esq. Earl of Leven and Melville. ohn Garrett Cattlev, Esq. Chas. Jno. Manning, Esq. Mark Currie Close, Esq. Henry Nelson, Esq. William Davidson, Esq. The Hon. Josceline W. Percy. Thomas Dent, Esq. Charles Robinson, Esq. Alexander Druce, E'sq. Samuel Leo Schuster, Esq. Fredk. Jos. Edlmann, Esq. Eric Carrington Smith, Esq. Riversdale W. Grenfell, Esq. William Soltau, Esq. Vat. Amadeus Heath, Esq. Joseph Somes, Esq., M.P. Wm. Tetlow Hibbert, Esq.: William Wallace, Esq. Jas. Stewart Hodgson, Esq. Chas. Baring Young, Esq. Medical Referee, SAMUEL SOLLY, Esq., F.R.S. FIRE and LIFE ASSURANCES may be effected with this Corporation on advantageous terms. In the Life Department, assurances are granted with par ticipation in Profits, or, at lower Premiums, without such participation. The Reversionary Bonus on British Policies has averaged nearly 2 per cent. per annum on the sum assured. Equivalent reductions have been made in the Premiums Payable by persons who preferred that form of Bonus. The divisions of Profit take place every Five years. Any sum not exceeding £15,000 may be insured on one Life. This Corporation affords to the Assured — Liberal participation in Profits—with exemption from the liabilities of partnership. A rate of Bonus equal to the average returns of Mutual Societies—with the guarantee of a large invested Capital Stock. The advantages of modern practice,—with the security of an Office whose resources have been tested by the ex perience of nearly a CENTURY AND A HALF. The Corporation have always allowed the Assured to serve it the ) , tilltia, Yeomanry, or Volunteer Corps within the tinted liingdom, free of charge. ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON. ROBT. P. STEELE, Secretary. CONTRACT FOR PROVISIONS. Royal Hospital, Chelsea, 14th Aug., 1E63. THE RIGHT HONOURABLE the LORDS and OTHERS, COMMISSIONERS of this HOS PITAL, do h ere b y give NOTI CE , Th at they are ready to rnieceive TENDERS from and to treat with such persons as _, , tY be to Contract for victualling the in-pensioners ogerittheTne dillstmai ospital, from thelst October, 1863 to the 30th Briewith the following r, 1861 both days inclusive, Cheese.c't Provisions, &c,, viz. :—Beef and Mutton, Bread, Pepp e ,.. ,I.,i.utter, Potatoes, Salt, Oatmeal, Barley or Rice, or I,,,,e*L"!?lir, Suet, Cocoa, Black Tea, Sugar, Milk, Onions and I.Zie,i3arrots. Celery, Thyme, Marjoram, Winter Savory ration acca:h t nallY, at per head per diem for the whole specified thehli to the established allowances of the house, as office os ee ' r a r t m of Tender, which may be obtained at the at the Hoard-ron o'clock, which Te e n z a ny day between the hours of 10 and 3 must be filled up and delivered, sealed, parties tenderi no . r n of tan said Hospital by the party or which time their u ;..i " behalf, on Tues'd'a7 b ir l ,., an agent appointed onis or their Ist of September at It is to be obrserved that 1 ho'clock. at into Consideration. '"a htlur will be preparedto take the same to find Security to the crat the Contract, and that no C ontractors will be required and hour above mess Te ll). for the due performanre of the will be received after the day west T lowest Tender. do 11-o. t Pledge t hemselves to atcept the A. J. MOORHEAD, Eeere tary and Registrar RUPTURES.—By itoy AL LE ; I VRITE'S MOC_AI AIN T y ltatz rAT N beihurtful El T 7 (PERFECTED AND E xT ,,,,„_•"-P-4VER . EXHIBITIONS 01 , 1851 AND 1862): — ` - ' l3 IN TRUSS Two Hundred Medical Gentlee IS anOw e d , T nE GuEAT be th e ;', 3 : uPwards of Invention in the curative en t o The use of a steel spring, E , ott l e i rnt o t Ei°;t effective is here avoided—a sett bandag e lu It N I A * body, while the requisite resisting 110 , e 7 1 worn , 0 efreets, rind liloc-Main rad and Patent Lever, fitting. ~,q,8,,upp1i,,, b the and closeness that it cannot be detected, a,V,i_ B° llinetl Y e . t .! e during sleep. A descriptive circular may be had, be a to - r ' n e truss, which cannot fail to tit, forwarded by post "' and the eumference of the body, two inches below the fpse eh.. Sent to the manufacturer, , being Mr. WHITE, M, Piccadilly. ft / 1 Single Truss, lea. 218., 265. , and 31s gd. 1 ,,, ,stas-stage' 19. Double Truss, 31s. ' 6d., 425., and 525. 6d. Pe " - ' ll Umbilical Truss, 425. and 52e. 6d. Postage, ls. fol i : le r dd. lost-office Orders to be made p a y able to Jam White, p ° at ° e ' e a'fccadilly. . NEW PATENT IR L AST IC STOCKINGS Arc. They ar e Iliorwo cr ," o llW,-CA PS, ttc., for Varicose Veins and all cases of 'Porous", , and Swelling a ille Legs, Sprains, lire nor ght in texture, and inexpensive, and are drawn on e 9.411. p o ' u larY stocling. nice 43. 61, 7s. 6d., 1 0 s, to ltis. a st.. ge Gd. Qll s InliTE, 11141.11dgitir 4r 1 V'',% riNt.dills. xj ARD PLATES ENGRAVED. Any Pattern 50 BEST CARDS, Print( d from Plate PEAL SIOROCCO CARD CASES 1,000 BUSINE-;S ENVELOPES, g ummed 35. NEWSPAPER ENVELOPES, 4'doz Gd. F. ARNOLD, Manufacturing Stationer,B6, Fleet-street, E.C. CELEBRATION of the TERCENTENARY of the BIRTH of SHAKSPE ARE, at Stratford-upon - Avon. The Tercentenary Committee (of which Sir Robert N. C. Hamilton, Bart., K.C.8.. Is Chairman) are now receiv ing SUBSCRIPTIONS, and they may also be paid to the account ot the T ercen t enar y C omm itt ee . at the Stourbridge a s n in d it lc , idderminster or Warwick and Leamington Bank s, Stratf ord - upon-Avon ; Messrs. Greenway, Smith, and Gr e.enh way, Warwick ; o r th e ir London agents, Messrs. and C oe , ,e, and Co Messrs llanburys and Co., or Messrs. Glyn and Co.. bankers, London. The. T ercentenary Committee, in submitting the subscrip totem list to the nation, most earnestly appeal to the admirers re f Sthakspeare for their aid and assistance. The Committee the s claims upon the ground that Stratford is not only all birthplace of Shakspeare. but the centre ot attraction to mirera of the ()Teat Poet's works, and that it was his home, th e t own he loved, and where he' lived and died. Rail- Rway TeirnmithneuisTamt OYAL FREE HOSPITAL. Gray's-inn-road, e x di jn at g e, s v . i c ci r n os it s y of the Great Northern Patron —The QUEEN. President —The Duke of BUCCLEUCTI, E.G. Treasurer—Edward Masterman, Esq. This was the first hospital to introduce the principle of free and instant admission to the destitute sick, without the for mality of Governors' letters. It is entirely devoted to desti tution in its most pitiable form—viz., that which is accom panied by sickness and disease, ad is now of sufficient magnitude that, with adequate support, it may be rendered capable of admitting into its wards a very large proportion of the casual sick of this great metropolis. It requires but the funds in order to have 500 beds available for the reception of these the most wretched of our fell ow - creatures. Moreover, it gratuitously affords medical advice and medicine to more, on the average, than 3,000 out a week. The Weekly Board feel it their imperative duty to make an EARNEST APPEAL to the public for continued support, to enable them to admit and relieve the distressing cases that daily present themselves. Contributions are received by the Treasurer, Edward Mas erman, Esq. Nicholas-lane; also by Messrs. Coutts and Co. ; Drummond and Co. ; Herries and Co. ; Ransom and Co.;• Prescott, Grote. and Co.; Smith, P ayne, and Co. ; Glyn and Co. ; Jones Loyd and Co. ; Barclay and Co. ; Denison and Co.; W lliams o , zaesDeacon,srs. j. and . B C a o rn . ; e f d )v a e n a rn&, Gurney, and Co. ; Nisbet and c and at the HospitaL STANFORD S. SMITH . Secretary. R O YAL NATIONAL LIFE -BOAT INSTITUTION (Incorporated by Royal Charter). PATRONESS—Her Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. PRESIDENT—Vice-Admiral the Duke of Northumberland, K. G., F.R. S. CHAIRMAN—Thos. Baring, Esq., M.P.,F.R FR S : , Y.P. DEPUTY-CIIAIRMAN — Thomas Chapman, Esq., APPEAL. The Committee of Management have to state that, since , lie beginning' of the year 1860, the Royai National Lifeboat Institution has expended £32,000 on various Lifeboat Estab lishments on the Coasts of England. Scotland, and Ireland. The number of lives saved by the Life-boats of the Society. :snd other means, since its formation, is 12,800; tor which services 82 Gold Medals, 718 Silver Medals, and £16,480 in cash h ave b een pa id i n rewards. The Institu tion has also expended £67,000 on Life-boats, Life-boat Transporting -cart cages, and Boat-houses. The Committee desire to express their grateful sense of the generous support which they have received from the British public during the past few years, a support wnich has enabled them to establish their present magnificent fleet of 123 Lifeboats on the shores of the United Kingdom. Deeply sensible, however, of the great responsibility that rests on them to maintaineffected it practised r i f e b e ty t h i ea n lm a a ra t ;4.n h ea o ~_,r a o e nmu d g e h n l ty permofefficient :e ni their they earnestly app ea l t o al l c l asse' of their boats, a st n a n t ue,a annual income, orne. whichit its can e o w n s l countrymen to aid them in pholdino, and (neat and truly national a wo u rk. Perpetuating so acknowledge. the following eon- The Committee gratefully tributions Mrs . .. G, 7: £ s. d •... .... annual 50 0 0 Fier Majesty the Queen annual 5 0 0 t Clerk,;'am pb c e 1 0 1 1 , on the el , Tip . n A .. Coutts and Co., Messr-_,.• Bankers •• .. ann ua l 11 0 .. . • annual 10 0 0 Currie, Wm., 1i69.- Eric, Lord Chir . • • -• .. 4th don.lo 0 0 ~.. •fustice` .. • • .. don. 10 10 0 Fanshawe, Vice-Admiral Sir A., K.C.B. . 2d don. 25 0 0 Fenwick, 'O . J., Esq., cost of a Lifeboat and Tran .. •• .. don. 15 15 0 spor•in, Carriage .. • • • • • • ,• • 250 0 0 Ha- ' - . - vey, Rev. G. G. and Mrs. • • • • 4011. 30 0 -.I artin, Sir Henry, Bart. .. • • .. 7th don. 10 0 0 M oore, Rev. G. B. .. mith, Mrs. George, Greenwich . . • • • • 3 0 0 e Stirling, Col. Sir Anthony, K.C.B. .. .. annual 20 0 T homas,s, Lady, Weston-super-Mare, collected by her • Ladyship • • • • • • 0 •• •• • Willoughby d'Eresby, Lord .. • • ' • annual 16 5 1 0 P un ations and Annual Subscriptions will be thankfully re 'T''''ecl by the B an k ers o f the Institution, Messrs. Willis, Co rcival • s 9 j , •• • ;Q trand ; stessrs Berries, Farquhar, and Co., 16, st. and Co., 76, Lombard- , treet ; Messrs. Coutts and 'fluesstreet .; b a 1 the Collectors of Customs a rt n ie d i p aradnkircrs the h id u o u n ited full y Joh a _ st ,...e.wie, sq, at the 0 • ?lice of the 1 0!titutiou, /i, gdom ; and by the Secretary- Lect Acio , ,l- - y . 4,- ,-- > ..,..11, :... - T24,vm, no-- it the greatest honour of my life that I am called upon to assume the office of your President. In that capacity, and as representing your body, I may be allowed to advert to the gratifying reception which the British Association met with on their former visit to this region of mining and manufacturing in dustry; and, as a member of the community which you have again honoured with a visit, I undertake to convey to you the assurance of a renewed and hearty welcome. A quarter of a century has elapsed since the association assembled in this town, and in no former period of equal duration has so great a progress been made in physical knowledge. In mechanical science, and especially in those branches of it which are concerned in the application of steam power to effect interchange between distant com munities, the progress made since 1838 has no parallel in history. The railway system was then in its infancy, and the great problem of trans- Atlantic steam navigation had only received its complete solution in the preceding year. Since that time railways have extended to every continent, and steamships have covered the ocean. These reflec tions claim our attention on this occasion, because the locality in which we hold our present meeting is the birthplace of railways, and because the coal mines of this district have contributed more largely than any others to supply the motive power by which steam communication by land and water has been established on so gigantic a scale. The history of railways shows what grand results may have their origin in small beginnings. When coal was first convoyed in this neighbourhood from g place on the Tyne, the pack thhoer se pit tocarrying s shippin g nn b i urden of 3 cwt., was the only mode of transport employed. The railway system, like all large inventions, has risen to its present im portance by a series of steps ; and so gradual has been its progress, that Europe finds itself committed to a gauge fortuitously determined by the distance between the wheels of the carts for which wooden rails were originally laid down. Last of all came the locomotive engine, that crowning achievement of mechanical science, which enables us to convey a lo ad of 200 tons at a cost of fuel scarcely exceeding that of the corn and hay which the original pack-horse consumed in convey ing its load of 3 cwt. an equal distance. It was chiefly in this locality that the railway system was thus reared from earliest infancy to full maturity; and amongst the many names associated with its growth, that of George Stephenson stands pre-eminent. The coal fields of this district, so intimately connected with the railway system both in its origin and maintenance, will doubtless receive much attention from the association at their present meet ing. Estimates have been made at various periods of the time which would be required to produce com plete exhaustion of all the accessible coal in the British Islands. These estimates are extremely discordant; but the discrepancies arise, not from any important disagreement as to the available quantity of coal, but from the enormous difference in the rate of consumption at the various dates when the Estimates were made, and also from the different views which have been entertained as to the probable increase of consumption in future years. The quantity of coal yearly worked from British mines has been almost trebled during the last twenty the years, c commencement m and men c h e has probably of the robablyincr p e r a e s s e e d n t t en e f e o n ld since . tug ; but as this increase has taken place pending the introduction of steam navigation and railway transit, and under exceptional conditions of manufacturing development, it would be too much to assume that it will continue to advance with equal rapidity. The statistics collected by Mr. Hunt, of the Mining Record Office, show that at the end of 1861 the quantity of coal raised in the United Kingdom had reached the enormous total of 86 millions of tons, and that the average annual in crease of the eight preceding years amounted to 21-, millions of tons. Let us inquire, then, what will be the duration of our coal-fields if this more moderate rate of increase be maintained. There is another source of motive power to which I am induced to refer, as exhibiting an instance in water w hich solar influence afford the means o f obtaining me chanical effects from inanimate a g ents. I allude descending the evaporative from heights action of to t w o h t i h eh e p it ow ha e e r been of lifted by of the sun. To illustrate the g rea t a d v antage of collecting water for power in elevated situations, I may refer to the waterworks of Greenock, where the collecting reservoirs are situated at an elevation of 512 feet above the river Clyde. The daily yield of these reservoirs is said to be nearly 100,000 tons of water, which is derived from the rainfall on the area of 5,000 acres. The power abtainable from this quantity and head of water is equal to that of a steam engine of about 2,000 horse power, and the whole effect might be realised on the margin of the river by bringing down the water in a pipe of sufficient capacity, and causing it to act as a column on suitable machinery at the foot of the descent. I have hitherto spoken of coal only as a source of mechanical power, but it is also extensively used for the kindred purpose of relaxing those cohesive forces which resist our efforts to give new forms and conditions to solid substances. In these appli cations, which are generally of a metallurgical nature, the same wasteful expenditure of fuel is everywhere observable. In an ordinary furnace employed to fuse or soften any solid substance, it is the excess of the heat of combustion over that of the body heated which alone is rendered available for the purpose intended. The rest of the heat, which in many :n -stances constitutes by far the greater proportion of the whole, is allowed to escape uselessly into the chimney. The combustion, also, in common furnaces is so imperfect, that clouds of powdered carbon, in the form of smoke, envelope our manufacturing towns, and gases, which ought to be completely oxygenised in the fire, pass into the air with twce thirds of their heating - power undeveloped. Some remedy for this state of things, we may hope, is at hand, in the gas regenerative furnaces recently introduced by Mr. Siemens. With regard to k , smo e which is at once a waste and a nuisance, having myself taken part with Dr. Richardson and Mr. Longridge in a series of ex periments made in this neighbourhood in the years 1837.58 for the purpose of testing the practicability of preventing smoke in the combustion of bitumin ous coal in steam-engine boilers, I can state with perfect confidence that, so far as the raising of steam is concerned, the production of smoke is unnecessary and inexcusable. The experiments to which I refer proved beyond doubt, that by an easy method of firing, combined with a due admission of air and a proper arrangement of fire ,grate, not involving any complexity, the emission of smoke might be per fectly avoided, and that the prevention of the smoke increased the economic value of the fuel and the • evaporating power of the boiler. As a rule there is more smoke evolved from the fires of steam engines than from any others, and it is in these fires that it may be most easily prevented. But in the furnaces used for most manufacturing operations the prevention of smoke is much more difficult, and will probably not be effected until a radical change is made in the s . .y stem of applying fuel for such ope- Not ins wasteful and eztravagantiztlisr mode o: The increase of the earth's temperature as we descend below the surface is a subject which has been discus ed at previous meetings of the British Association. It possesses great scientific interest, as affecting the computed thickness of the crust which covers the molten mass assumed to constitute the interior portions of the earth, and it is also of great practical importance as determining the depth at which it would be possible to pursue the working of coal and other minerals. The deepest coal mine in this district is the: Monkwearmouth Colliery, which reaches a depth of 1,800 feet below the surface of the ground, and nearly as much below the level of the sea. The observed temperature of the strata at this depth agree pretty closely with what has been ascertained in other localities, and shows that the increase takes place at the rate of 1 degree Fahr. to about 60 feet of depth. Assuming the temperature of subterranean fusion to be 3,000 deg., and that the increase of heat at greater depths continues uniform (which, however, is by no means certain), the thickness of the film which separates us from the fiery ocean beneath will be about thirty-four miles—a thickness which may be fairly represented by the skin of a peach taken in relation to the body of the fruit which it covers. The depth of 4,000 feet, which has been assumed as the limit at which coal could be worked, would probably be attended by an in crease of heat exceeding the powers of human en durance. In the Monk wearnaouth colliery, which is less than half that depth, the temperature of the air in the workings is about 84 deg. Fehr., which is considered to be nearly as high as is consistent with the great bodily exertion necessary in the operation of mining. The computations, therefore, of the duration of coal would probably require a conside rable reduction in consequence of too great a depth being assumed as practicable, At the last meeting of the British Association in this town, the importance of establishing an office for mining records was brought under the notice of the Council by Mr. Sopwith, and measures were taken which resulted in the formation of the present Mining Records Office. In the course of the preceding observations I have had occasion to speak of the sun as the great source of motive power on our earth, and I must not omit to refer to recent discoveries connected with that most glorious body. Of all the results which science has produced within the last few years, none has been more unexpected than that by which we are enabled to test the materials of which the sun is made, and prove their identity, in part at least, with those of our planet. The spectrum experiments of Bunsen and Kirchhoff have not only shown all this, but they have also corroborated previous conjectures as to the luminous envelope of the sun. I have still to advert to Mr. Nasmyth's remarkable discovery, that the bright surface of the sun is composed of an aggregation of apparently solid forms, shaped like willow-leaves or some well known forms of Diatoroaccw, and interlacing one another in every shape as to have led to a suggestion from one of our profoundest phi:osophers of their being organisms possibly even partaking of the nature of life, but at all events closely connected with the .heating and vivifying influences of the sun. These mysterious objects, which, since Mr. Nasmyth discovered them, have been seen by other observers as well, are computed to be each not lees than 1,000 miles in length and about 100 miles in breadth. The enormous chasms in the sun's photosphere, to which we apply the diminu tive term " spots," exhibit the extremities of these leaf-like bodies pointing inwards, and fringing the sides of the cavern far down into the abyss. Some times they form a sort of rope or bridge across the chasm, and appear to adhere to one another by lateral attraction. I can imagine nothing m or e deserving of the scrutiny of observers than these extraordinary forms. The sympathy also which appears to exist between forces operating in the sun and magnetic forces belonging to the earth merits a continuance of that close attention which it has already received from tae British Association, and of labours such as General Sabine has with so much ability and effect devoted to the elucidation of the subject. I may here notice that moat remark , able phenomenon which was seen by independent observers at two different places on the Ist Sept., 1859. A sudden outburst of light, far exceeding the brightness of the sun's surface, was seen to take place, and sweep like a drifting cloud over a portion of the solar face. This was attended with magnetic disturbances of unusual intensity, and with exhi bitions of aurora of extraordinary brilliancy. The identical instant at which the effusion of light was observed was recorded by an abrupt and strongly marked deflection in the self-registering instru ments at Kew. The phenomenon, as seen, was probably only part of what actually took place, for the ner,gnetie storm in the midst of which it oc curred commenced before and continued after the event. If conjecture be allowable in such a case, we may suppose that this remarkable event had 1 some connection with the means by which the sun's heat is renovated. It is a reasonable supposition that the sun was at that time in the act of receiving a more than usual accession of new energy ; and the theory which assigns the maintenance of its power to costnical matter, plunging into it with that prodigious velocity which gravitation would im press upon it as it approached to actual contact with the solar orb, would afford an explanation of this sudden exhibition of intensified light in harmony with the knowledge we have now at tained that arrested motion is represented by equivalent heat. Telescopic observations will pro- bably add new facts to guide our judgment on this subject, and, taken in connection with observations on terrestrial magnetism, may enlarge and correct our views rcapecting the nature of heat, light, and electricity. Much as we have yet to learn respe.ct ills, these agencies, we know suflicient to infer that they cannot be transmitted from the sun to the earth except by communication from particle to particle of intervening matter. Not that I speak of particles in the sense of the atomist. - Whatever our views m ay be of the nature of particles, we must conceive them as centres invested with surrounding forces. We have no evidence, either from our senses or otherwise, of these centres being out - tided by solid cores of indivieible, incompressible matter essentially distinct from force. Dr. Young has shown that, even in so dense a body as water, these nuclei, if they exist at all, mu st be so small in relation to the intervening space that a hundred men distributed at equal distances over the whole surface of Bog. laud would represent their relative magnitude and distance. What then must be these relative dinieu ' sions in highly rarefied matter? But why encutue ber our conceptions of material forces by this un necessary imagining of a central molecule? If we retain the forces and reject the molecule,w© shall still have every property we can recognise in matter by the use of our senses or by the aid of our reason. Viewed in this light, matter is not merely a thing subject to force, but is itself composed and consti tuted of force. The science of gunnery, to which I shall make but slight allusion on this occasion, is intimately con nected with the dynamical theory of heat. When gunpowder is exploded in a cannon, the immediate effect of the affinities by which the materials of the powder are caused to enter into new combinations, is to liberate a force which first appears as heat, and then takes the form of mechanical power communi cated in part to the shot and in part to the pro ducts of explosion which are also propelled from the gun. The mechanical force of the shot is re converted into heat when the motion is arrested by striking an object, and this heat is divided between the shot and the object struck, in the proportion of the work done or damage inflicted upon each. These considerations recently led me, in conjunction with my friend Captain Noble, to determine experi mentally, by the heat. elicited in the shot, the loss of effect due to its crushing when fired against iron plates. Joule's law, and the known velocity of the shot, enabled us to compute the number of dyna mical units of heat representing the whole mecha nical power in the projectile; and by ascertaining the number of units developed in it by impact, we arrived at the power which took effect upon the shot instead of the plate. These experiments showed an enormous absorption of power to be caused by , the yielding nature of the materials of which pro jectiles are usually formed; but further experi ments are required to complete the inquiry. While speaking of the subject of gunnery, I must pay a passing tribute of praise to that beautiful in strument invented and perfected by Major Navez, of the Belgian artillery, for determining, by means of electro-magnetism, the velocity of projectiles. This instrument has been of great value in recent investigations, and there are questions affecting projectiles which we can only hope to solve by its assistance. Experiments are still required to clear up several apparently anomalous effects in gunnery, and to determine the conditions most conducive to efficiency both as regards attack and defence. It is gratifying to see our Government acting in accord ance with the enlightened principles of the age by carrying on scientific experiments to arrive at knowledge, which, in the arts of war as well as in those of peace, is proverbially recognised as the true source of human power. Professor Tyndall's recant discoveries respect ing the absorption and radiation of heat by va pours and permanent gases constitute important additions to our knowledge. The extreme deli cacy of his experiments and the remarkable distinctness of their results render them beauti- ful examples of physical research. They are o. great value as affording further illustrations of the vibratory actions in matter which constitute heat ; but it is in connection with the science of meteoro logy that they chiefly command our attention. From these experiments we learn that the minute quan tity of water suspended as invisible vapour in the atmosphere acts as a warm clothing to the earth. The efficacy of this vapour in arresting heat is, in comparison with that of air, perfectly astound ing. Although the atmosphere contains on an ave rage but one particle of aqueous vapour to 200 of air, yet that single particle absorbs 80 times as much heat as the collective 200 particles of air. Remove, says Professor Tyndall, for a single summer night, the aqueous vapour from the air which overspreads this country, and you would assuredly destroy every plant incapable of bearing extreme cold. The warmth of our fields and gardens would pour itself unrequitted into space, and the sun would rise upon as island held fast in the grip of frost. Many me teorological phenomena receive a feasible explana tion from these investigations, which arc probably destined to throw further light upon the functions of our atmosphere. Few sciences have more practical value than me teorology, and there are few of which we as yet know so little. Nothing would contribute more to the saving of life and property, and to augmenting the general wealth of the world, than the ability to foresee with certainty impending changes of the weather. At present our means of doing so are ex ceedingly imperfect, but, such as they are, they have been employed with considerable effect by Ad miral. Fitzroy in warning mariners of the probable approach of storms. We may hope that so good an object will be effected with more unvarying success when we attain a better knowledge of the causes by whin wind and rain, heat and cold, are determined. The balloon explorations conducted with so much intrepidity by Mr. (3 laisher, under the auspices 01 the British Association, may perhaps in some de gree assist in enlightening us upon these important subjects. We have learnt from Mr. Glaisher's ob servations that the decrease of temperature with elevation does not follow the law previously as sum of 1 deg. in 300 feet, and that in fact it follows no definite law at all. Mr. Glaisher appears also to have ascertained the interesting fact that rain is only precipitated when clouds exist in a double layer. Rain-drops, he has found, diminish in size with elevation, merging into wet mist and ulti mately into dry fog. Mr. Glaisher met with snow for a mile in thickness below rain, white is at vali ance with our preconceived ideas. He has also rendered good service by testing the efficiency of various instruments at heights which cannot be visited without personal danger. The facility now given to the transmission of in telligence and the interchange of thought, is one of tho most remarkable features of the present age. Cheap and rapid postage to all parts of the world — paper and printing reduced to the lowest possible cost—electric telegraphs between nation and nation, town and town, and now even (thanks to the beau tiful inventions of Professor Wheatstone) between house and house—all contribute to aid that com merce of ideas by which wealth and knowledge are augmented. Another subject of a social character which de mands our consideration is the much debated ques tion of weights and measures. Whatever difference of opinion there may be as to the comparative merits of decimal and duodecimal division, there can at all events be none a s to the importance of assimilating the systems of measurement in different countries. It is much to be regretted that two standards of measure so nearly alike as the English yard and the French metre should not be made absolutely identical. The metric system has already been adopted by other nations besides France, and is the only one which has any chance of becoming universal. We in England, therefore, have no alter native but to conform with France, if we desire general uniformity. The change might easily be introduced in scientific literature, and in that case it would probably extend itself by degrees among the commercial classes without much legislative pressure. Besides the advantages which would thus be gained in regard to uniformity , I am con vinced that the adoption of the decimal divi sion of the French scale woul d be attended with great convenience both in science and commerce. I in ll r can speak from personal experience a of e cases whethe superio rity of decimal measurement ac cu racy is required in m echanical construction. In the Elswick Works , as well as in some other large establishments of the same description, fractional inch i s adoptedex parts are and ie Lis " need in habituating the workmento tae pressedasintdbeeciumn:::. Noybeen ex. us e of pone ' ' me thod , and i t has greatly contributed t tel'islisonof w orkmanship. 0 pre- The inch, however, is too „ na il a un it, and it would he advantageo us to sub stitute the- metre if originally f o unded coneurrence could be o btained. A s t o our thermometric sole, it was f o unded in error ; it is also most incon venient in diTif: oll , c ‘ u'l ought 4t °Dee to be tiban- favour than is consistent with that dispas sionate spirit which it is so necessary to preserve in the pursuit of truth. The Dar winian theory, when fully enunciated, founds the pedigree of living nature upon the most elementary form of vitalised matter. One step further would carry us back, without greater violence to probability, to inorganic rudiments, and then we should be called upon to recognise in ourselves, and in the exquisite elaborations of the ani mal and vegetable kingdoms, the ultimate results of mere material forces left free to follow their own unguided tendencies. Surely our minds would in . . . ttnhiartaecualsneubee th m a o n re th op ey pr n e n ssd w e are with i a n in attributing att s r e ibu s t e in othe g f the wondrous things around us to the creative hand of a Great presiding Intelligence. The evidences bearing upon the antiquity of man have been recently produced, in a collected and most logically treated form, by Sir Charles Lyell. It seems no longer possible to doubt that the human race has existed on the earth in a barbarian state for a period far exceeding the limit of historical record; but, notwithstanding this great antiquity, the proofs still remain unaltered that man is the latest as well as the noblest work of God. I will not run the risk of wearying this assembly by extending my remarks to other branches of science. In conclusion I will express a hope that when the time again comes round to receive the British Association in this town, its members will find the interval to have been as fruitful as the corresponding period on which we now look back. The tendency of progress is to quicken progress, because every acquisition in science is so much vantage ground for fresh attainment. We may expect, therefore, to increase our speed as we struggle forward; but however high we climb in the pursuit of knowledge, we shall still see heights above us; and the more we extend our view, the more con scious we shall be of the immensity which lies beyond. Fatal Balloon Accident near Nottingham. The inquest upon the body of the unfortunate man Chambers, who met with his death on Monday night at Arno Vale, near Nottingham (the begin ning of which we reported yesterday), came to a conclusion on Tuesday evening. In reply to a question by the foreman of the jury, Mr. Coxwell said had the gas in ths bel• loon been ordinary gas, purified in the proper way, that which came into the face of the deceased would not have hurt him. It was gas made with more regard to quantity than quality. The works at which it was made were but small, and they ac cordingly tried to produce as much gas as possible ; therefore the possibility is that coal was used which would give a greater volume of gas from a smaller quantity of ordinary coal. The foreman—How could you bring your mind to allow an ascent under these circumstances ? Mr. Coxwell said he could not have thought that any one who had the balooning experience of de ceased would have so mismanaged the balloon as to allow a sufficient quantity of gas to go into his face to render him insensible. By a Juryman—When he was standing in the car the balloon, from which the gas escaped, would be about six feet from the mouth of the deceased. Mr. Colwell further said that when Mr. Glaisher and himself ascended to great heights the gas in the balloon proportionately expanded. The gas that would occupy a space of 90,000 feet at a height of seven miles from the earth would not occupy more than a fourth of that space on the earth's surface. If a balloon were to go up only half full it would rise and rise unless checked until perfectly full. At three and three quarter miles from the earth a volume of gas will double its bulk. Now, he told this poor man not to go too high, but to check the at the dis balloon and come down if it was only tance of a mile. j u ryman, the witness In reply to questions by a said the danger of insensibility and death from breathing gas was in proportion to its parity or im purity. He had no doubt that some portion of gas had been inhaled into the lungs of the deceased. He also said that w hen Mr. Glaisher and hi mse lf made their high asce nt about six we e k s ago th e as drifting out to sea, and they made a balloon w very rapid descen t. They cam e d own t wo m il e s in about four minutes, and the valve of his large bal which was three times as l arge as this, was loon, a similar way. bro itken in The balloon came over on s side and completely disarranged the whole thing. The Coroner—Then you are of opinion that tbe, fall to the earth fractured the valve and thespring Mr. Colwell—Decidedly. Mr. Wells (solicitor on behalf of deceased's rela tives)—What was your balloon calculated to lift it would lift Mr. Coxwell—With ordinary gas of the balloon, 14,0001 b., ded uc ting the weigh t 3501 b., and then it should have lifting power equal to three or four persons and t h e usual ballast. pp li n g-irons were, I sup- A Juryman—The gra pose left out unintentionally P _ Mr. Colwell —Th e y wereleft out intention a lly; the balloon would not rise with the gr a p p li ng -i rons . The Foreman—Bat would a man safely descend without grappling" have frequently Mr. Coitsvell-4 have done it myself even ings. I have 4 rope in the balloon, on calm and by h i s not lowering the rope provided for him in the balloon it proves to me t:ae.t he wee in an in sensible state. • Tee Coroner—You do not attribute the accident to the gas ? Mr. Colwell—Oh no ; had it been lighter gas, though, I should have gone up myself, but knowing this prior fellow to be experienced, and not wishing, to disappoint the visitors, I accepted his offer. The Voreman—Supposing the man had not gone up, what should you have done? Mr. Colwell.l had made ample provision in that case. I had two tickets being written, " Mr. Cox.well' s balloon from Basford Park ;" with direc tions to whoever should find it to return it. One of these tickets wes written, and while the other was being written the deceased got into the car, and went up. I The Coroner summed up ; and The Jury returned the following verdict :—That the deceased James Chambers, ascended tl.e car at tached to a balloon during fair weather; that he ascended in a voluntary manner and by his own free will ; that through inhaling gas he became insen sible, an d was unable to work the batten properly, and the balloon coming into violent collision with the earth caused his death. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing liornimat's lure Tea ; St ry cloice at 3s. 4d. and Iligh Standard." at 44.43. (forturly 4s. Sd.), is the ttrougest and most deliCous L.Tpottod. 4,C12115 is CliCrY tows PPP I Y it i packets. The improvements lately introduced by the Ad miralty into iron shipbuilding, and more particu larly those made in the construction of the Bellero phon, have bad the eff ec t o f s ti mu l at i ng t h e pr i vate same pbuilding interest to unwon t e d act i v i ty i n t h e direction. The committee of Lloyds' have submitted their rules and regulations for the build ing of iron ship s to a thorough revision, based on communications which have been furnished by all the principal iron shipbuilders tlhvre been brought throughout the coun try. The suggestions v in this way to the noti ce o f the committee have been well considered, and ma d e tho basis of of regulations, compiled b y Messrs. i‘alanret7n cod Ritchie, the principal shipb u ildi ng surveyorsl Llo) cis'. In order to render thi s co d e fully intell7t gible to the profession, the committee have offered to their large staff of surveyors a series of prizes to those who should succeed in producing the best and most exact set of illustroted drawings of everything relating to iron shipbuilding. In order at the same time to secure a thoroughly independent adjudication upon the various competitive plans, the committee requested Mr. Reed, the recently appointed chief constructor at the Admiralty, to award the prizes. He has done so, and also prepared an official report, which is about to be printed and circulated by the committee for the information of the surveyors and agents throughout the world. The first prize has been awarded to Mr. Cornish, the youngest surveyor on the staff at Lloyds'. Prizes of a second-class have also been awarded to Messrs. Boolds, Davey, Light, and Luae. The re port of Mr. Reed was so satisfactory to the commit tee, and afforded such evidence of the professional skill evinced by Lloyds' surveyors, that the com mittee have trebled the sum which they originally appropriated as prizes and gratuities to the compe titors. The prize drawings will be engraved and published for the guidance of the shipbuilding pro fession. A number of workmen are now busily employed at Chatham in cutting away the solid granite Sides at the entrance to No. 2 dock, in which the iron ship Achilles is under construction, in readiness for that vessel being floated out. As much as 2ft. Sin., or 16in. on each side, will have to be cut away from the entire length of the solid wall on both sides the dock in order to admit of the Achilles being floated out without touching the sides. Major-Gen. Bloomfield, Inspector-General of the Royal Artillery, returned to town last evening from a tour of inspection in Scotland and the northern districts. The following appointments have been made at the Admiralty—Lieut. W. Howorth to the Hogue, for service in the Harpy ; Lieut. Richard H. Napier to the Duke of Wellington ; Sub-Lieut. Edward S. Beliett and Sub-Lieut. Francis H. Chapman to the Marlborough. oro•. fan in a wed was hich ,055 abo- de- Aing these itut- rded, 3 ap xdly with 2 cur . little ice of ► fair week. were I dull. ur of 31 . to‘ oneY• stone. :0 36 0 )er 21 etiVet 8 last 17s Od ?Os Od 19s Od 20s Od 17s 6 c l 56s Od 32s 04 38s Od 27s Od leavY. o lea t, stone; 8 et. ; jr. for in the .rain• r wet 3 0. d. o ,0 7 0 _... G 014 0 021 0 70 pt. 18 ' Pt. 12' pt. 3 . g 29. pt. Iz. 21 ig. 25. gt. 1 . 27. Lg. 2 0 . pt. 4. pt. 3. Lg. 25. lg. 27. Ig. 19. pt. 2 lg. 2S. pt. 10* Ig. 27,. .........'' ,•••• r coo' EsseSo lb' t he ;01e of •Wri nard '64 arg e6 , r 9 ~j - rofl villa* E(1.1 l ' agt °l3 ' scia gret rilv i ight 0 33, Al- i'illin~ RI :IV 5 rt• 11 .IAP.t) T " OXFOR D, 6, OXFORD STREET, W. THIS EVENING, will be performed Operatic Selections from Sir Henry R. Bishop's THE SLAVE and Halevy's MUSKETEERS (first time in England). Principal Artistes—Bliss Russell. Miss Ellison, Messrs. Green, Bernardi, finish, &c., with lull band and chorus. Conductor, Mr. F. Jonghmans. Flute 5017,s by Drew Dean &c. Comic, by UNSWORTH ("or any other man "), Eugene, W. Randall, A. Lloyd, and George Hodson. Also, a Performance by Herr SCHALKENBACH on his wonderful instrument, the PIANO ORCHEbTRE, contain ing a full ba u d o f 40 instruments. The HALL has just been newly Decorated and Ventilated, and is one of the most Beautiful in the Metropolis. Open at 8 o'clock. Admission, 6d.; stalls and balcony, is. ; private boxes, 10s. 6d. CANTERBURY HALL " GHOST."—In order to gratify the curiosity of nightly-increasinc; crowds, Mr. C. MORTON has transferred the representation of Pro fessor Pepper and Henry Dirks, Esq.'s, world-famed spectral Illusion, " THE GHOST," from the r'icture Gallery to the Concert Hall, where a new and elegant stage is erected, affording a more ample view of the Illusion from Stalls, Bal cony, and body cf the Hall. He has also arran,g,ed for Mr. A. Silvester to give (with all that gentleman's latest im provements and effects), REPRESENTATIONS EACH EVENING, at Ten o'clock. All the other Musical and Pictorial attractions as usual, including Operatic Selections, Am ; Unsworth (the modern Demosthenes), Eugene, Arthur Lloyd, George Hodson, &c. R OYAL ALHAMBRA PALACE. The FAIRY FOUNTAIN.—A Grand Divertissement by Signora Rachele and Mariannina and Signor Guiseppe Fran cesco, mists! ed by a corns of Twenty young Ladies—The Conrads as the Original French Clowns and on the Corde Eiastique—Les Petits Monstres—Brian and Conly in an amusing and novel Burlesque -Mrs. Brian as Old Aunt Sally, &C., &c.—Wood and his Wonderful Son—Grand Operatic Selections :—Principals, Miss M'Gregor, Mr. Albert, Signor Georgini (tbe new Italian tenor), and Mr. Vernon Itigby— Band and Chorus of Sixty Performers. IMM ENS E SUCCESS of the ALHAMBRA GHOST, a highly comical and amusing representation of the popular optical illusion.—EVEttY EVENING, a t Eleven o'clock. MADAME TUSSAUD'S HISTORICAL GAL LERY—Established 27 years at the Bazaar, Baker street.—AMEßlCAN WAR —A Model of GENERAL M'CLELLAN, in military uni orm, late Commander-in- Chief of the Federal Army, is now added.—CONTINUA TION of ANCIENT ENGLISH KINGS, Henry V., in the costume of the period. Open from 11 till 10 at night. Ad mittance, Is ; extra rooms, 6d. ESTABLISHED 1833. BOWDEN'S /ERATED GINGER BEER, i n glass or stone bottl ,, s, warranted to keep good twelve months. Lemonade, Soda-water, t'otass, Seltzer, and every description of Mineral Waters. — Manufactory, No. 3, IA b i t e Hart-street, Drury-lane, W.C. To ENGINEERS, ARCHITECTS, AND CONTRACTORS IN THE PASTERN, SOUTH-EASTERN, AND S7LTTII:VVEST ERN COUNTIES. G. REAVF,S' BLUE LIAS LIME, 14, SOU'T II Wl] ABF, PADDINGTON, W., L. M. TATIIA➢I, Agent. Arrangements are now made by which this well-known BLUE LIAS 1 I'AIE can be sent direct from the kilns in Warwickshire, in Greaves and Kirsbaw's own trucks, to any stations on the above-named lines, as fresh as though burnt upon the spot, and at a lower price. ANY QUANTITY. of either lump or ground can be sup plied at a few days' notice, and trucks forwarded daily from the kilns and mill. Contractors will find this worth their notice, as they can be supplied at any time, in quantities to e,uit their require ments, from SIX TONS and upwards. THE LAUNDRESSES to her late Majesty Queen Adelaide say, that " BRIGGS' AUSTRALIAN S VARCEI needs but to be tried to be approved." Sole Wholesale Agent, liar per Twelvetrees, Bromley - by:Bow , London, E. P BEES AND BEEKEEPING. (From the Field.) REMOVING BEES TO THE HEATHER—Your correspon dent " Socdolager" appears to have managed his bees very badly in taking them to the moors; and as it is my object to preserve the Jives of these interesting, useful, little crea tures, and to encourage bee-keeping, by showing how they can make a good profit out of their bees, I cannot better cony nee him that swarms can be moved with perfect safety than by publishing a correspondence that I have had since my instructions appeared in the Field of July 25, whibc will show him that other people besides myself can carry swarms any distance if my instructions are strictly carried out (as " Socdolager" rays that loss is sure to ensue if swarms are removed to the moors, and ha warns all bee keepers not to remove swarms). A gentleman in Lincoln shire wrote to me on the 29th July, saying that previous to seeing my instructions in the Field how to remove bees to the heather, he had removed 13 swarms to the moors, and the combs broke down inseveral of them, and the bees were all drowned in their own sweets. He says :—" The plan I pursued was, I took the hives gently off the stands, and tied them up in a thin piece of calico; and they were con veyed very steadily, but you appear to prefer carryin g th em turned upside down. My bees are in flat-topped straw hives. I shall esteem it a great favour if you will drop me a line with some further instructions, as I want to take about 20 more hives to the heather." Clayton-bridge, Apairy, near Manchester, July 30, 1803. Dear Sir.—l am sorry you have had the misfortune to lose some of your hives and bees, as it is very discouraging. The new combs, especially in late swarms, are as brittle as glass, and break down with the least shake when heated, and even tall with their own weight if they have any honey in them, as the bees, when math, up with the finest calico, get excited, and the heat ascending to the top of the hive, soon heats the combs, and they give way. But I think, if you will follow my directions, you will meet with no fur ther accidents, as I have taken my bees to the heather for many years—part of the way by the railway, and then s i x miles over a very rough country—on, and suspended under a carriage, and I took them again last Saturday with out any accident. Fasten your bees, especially your swarms, in a covey of very open net (strong cap-net Ns do) with holes in just small enough to prevent the bees escaping, and, when tied securely, turn the hive gently up, but mind thst the edge of the combs are at the bottom part as you turn it over, otherwise the comb will probably bend or break with its own weight and the bees upon it. When turned bottom upwards, the combs all rest upon their own founda tions, and the heat always ascends, and so escapes through the net, the inside of the hive is kept cool. Swarms always ride the best suspended ; with old hives the same amount of care is not necessary, as the bees varnish their combs with a sort of glue, and when they have had brood in the combs the cocoons left in the cells again strengthens them, so that they become nearly as tough as leather, and you can knock them about as you like, provided you give them plenty of air. it will be a gratification to me to hear that I have been the means of saving you your property and the lives of the poor bees, and am, yours respectfully, W. CA.E.R. Lincolnshire, Aug. 13, 1863. Dcar Sir,—lt is impossible for me to return you suffi cient tbanks for your information about taking bees to the heather. I purchased some strong cap-net, and conveyed my bees as you directed, and I had not one accident, and they all arrived safely at the moors. I had some of them suspended, and others pat on some straw in a light cart, and for about five of the mil es over the pony trotted very quickly a very rough road, and, as you said, the hives were kept cool, and there was not a single comb damaged in any of swarms whatsoever. If you should at any time be so un fortunate as to lose your bees, I shall have great pleasure in. presenting you with a new stock.—Yours respectfully, Air. Carr. I have made no mistake, as " Soodolager" imagines, when I advise a full-sized hive to be placed upon the top of the old stock when I want to take the old hive from the bees, and leave them in the new hive when they return from the moors ; as by that time the brood will be nearly all hatched out in the old hive, and the top hive will be filled with sealed honey-combs, which will ensure the bees' preserva tion until next spring ; but if the addition was placed below, the bees, perhaps, if the weather was bad, would not have placed any honey in the bottom hive (as the bees always fill the top combs first), and in that case you could not take the old hive from them.—Wm. CARR. 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