The Sun. — London, England, 1830-01-09 00:00:00

manurseture, the most desperate and ridiculous, of articles, the import of which tray be invalu able, and the growth of them ruinous where it is not altogether abortive. We know hardly any case in which protecting duties are to he justi fied. Certainly nothing can be more foolish, or more melancholy, than the American imposts upon British manufactured goods, save only a British duty on wheat and &Ur, the raw productions of America. And see how logical is the military President : in his propositions ! He makes the encourageMent of fair competition' his rule, after asserting the minute before that the competition encouraged by the Tariff had not sensibly diminished the importation of foreign goods : then cui bow— any tax with an eye to competition ? And further, he adds, as if in ridicule of his own no• dons, " that domestic competition had increased productions much beyond the demand for home consumption !" The result from all this is, the direct reverse of what the President has asserted —that it is most mischievous to impose any tax, great or small, for the sake of establishing. a competition of American with foreign manu factures, inasmuch as America does not afford, in the present stage of her population, materials for a successful rivalry ; because with low pro tecting duties, the foreign manufacture undersells the native by direct means ; and with high duties through the indirect medium of the smuggler. To a system of taxation for purposes of re venue, no one can reasonably object, though, indeed, from the rapid extinction of the small remnant of debt which still presses on her, the Republic will soon be released from the chief inducement to raise an income by levying taxes, except so far as may be requisite for the mainte nal= of a modest army of 5,000 men, and a gfdlant navy of a dozen men of war and frigates. —Times. The unusual and cruel procrastination of the reports made on convicted criminals, has sprung from a cause but little suspected, but we should vat►Ceive no cause now sufficient to occasion a 'repetition of the mischief. The Recorder, it is known, has been ill. His place would naturally be supplied by the Common-Serjeant, who in deed had, in that Niels', made himself perfectly master of the cases which were to he submitted. But an objection was unexpectedly taken to re ceive Mr. Denman ! Ye powers of pity and humanity, on such an occasion as this, too ! The brave Duke, brave in more senses than one, could not officially recommend a deviation from oeirilar and prescriptive practice, for what was in filet but an effusion of spleen. He stood firm, and the matter lingered till the Recorder was so far recovered as to he able to undertake this the most painful of his duties hin4:elf. But what if the Recorder should die !—who will then have to report upon the convicts ? Arc feelings of personal pique to prevail against the -..t_laims of public justice and official duty ? Will the.city quietly abandon one of their principal privileges ?—/bid. In another part of our Paper to-day will be found the report of a case at the Westminster Sessions, which deserves the particular attention of the public. The disgraceful and unpre cedented occurrence cf two children, between five and six years of age, being indicted for felony, will excite the strongest feelings in all who have a - regard for the dignity of justice, and are not callous to the sympathies of human na ture. We do not know whether it is a more melancholy or ludicrous scene, to observe all the terrible and complicated machinery of a British Court of Justice put into action to ascertain the guilt of two babies, as they are very justly desig nated in the report. Only think of the Clerk of the Arraigns opening the indictment in such tt case, with all the solemnity of a functionary of offended Justice, and calling upon the infants to plead to the char g e of stealing . a pair of stock i:?gs !—we are not told whether they were doll's moelcings—and then wisiting them " a . good ddircrance"---while the Barristers on either side unfold their (►fiefs for prosecution and defence ; the Chairman in the meantime arranging his note-book to record the evidence, and forgetting the stern majesty of the law, as he views the " culprits" in the dock with a look of mingled surprise and compassion. Nor let the imposing array of the Jury be left out of the picture— the twelve " good men and true," who are called upon to Weigh the evidence, and determine upon their oaths whether, the poor infants took the stockings with a felonious intention ! So rapid is the march of mind in this country at present, that we could not be surprised to see an exhibition of this sort im proved upon by the solemn trial of a sucking b:iby for stealing a pap-spoon ! The manner in which the Chairman (Mr. Coast) met this case does credit to his feelings as an administrator of" justice and a man. The report states that the simplicity and childish appearance of the child ren created a strong sensation in all present ; and the Chairman evidently astonished, exclaimed " can there be any prosecution in this case ?" On the circumstances being inquired into, it ap peared by the testimony of one ofthc new police, that lie had watched the children for some time, as he thought they were going to steal something (the stockings were 'then banging against the prosecutor's shop-door) ; at length he saw them take the stockings. Upon this the Chairman very properly asked the vigilant guardian of public morals—who was no doubt a profound scholar in the new system of police-regulations— " then, under such circumstances, why did you suffer them to commit a robbery ?" The answer of the new policeman is not upon record, but Mr. Phillips volunteered an observation not snore prompt than sarcastic--" That, Sir, is the English for preventive justice." We have heard a great deal of this preventive justice, as being the essence and life of the new system ; but it would appear front this instance that it consists in watching► the progress and completion of the robbery, for if it were stopped in limine what would become of the expenses of a prosecution ? —and we find that in the present case the police. man had his expenses. The machinery of the law was not put in motion for nothing. The Argus eyes of the preventive system did not watch the progress of the infantine act of plunder through pure patriotism. The Chairman, in addressing the Jury, said, " I do not wish to give any bias to your minds ; it is. for you to say whether or not this baby (Lynch) is to be convicted of a felony ; and, in decidi►►g that question, you must take into consideration whether she is of an age to discriminate between right a 1 wrong. If at the time they had both been 1: , Ted, would have had a more beneficial effect than placing them at that bar; and I. feel now that I never can send them back to prison. Gentle men, I could say a great deal more, but I do not wish to guide your mind. I will therefote , only ask, can you find that child ,ouilty felony >t It is a distressing case." The July immediately returned a verdict finding the " baby - Lynch" not guilty—her infant companion had , pleaded guilty! The Chairman ordered them to be given up to their parents, who, tie said, would bestow the best correctiona good whip ping. If the New Police were not, as our mo dern philosophers tell us, a most pure and im maculate body, we would say that the payment of the expenses in such a case was a key to the whole transaction ; but under the new - system we are hound to believe that the motive, was a pure love of justice, although the Jury expressed their astonishment, as well they might, that two such infants should be brought to trial on A charge of felony. We are constantly reminded by certain writers that the " schoolmaster is abroad"—would not his birch be more appli cable to delinquency of this nature than the axe and fasces of justice ?—Morning Herald. The feeling expressed by the American Pre sielent towards this country must produce its effect here. The time seems at length arrived when we may hope to see the two branches of the same family forgetting ,past animosities and jealousies, availing themselves in a friendly and cordial manner of the resources of each other. It is but just to the Americans to observe, that there has never been any want of disposition on the part of the leading men of that country to avail themselves of every symptom of good will manifested towards them in England.. There is nothing new, therefore, in the manifestation of General Jackson on this occasion ; and we ex pected as much from him. When Mr. Can ning held out the hand of good fellowship a few years ago, and attempted to revive the old family feelings between mother and daughter, the effect produced in America was almost electrical. Jefferson has sometimes been designated as op posed to this country ; but he was only opposed to her when he considered her interfering with the independence of his own. In the valuable work from which we have so often quoted of late, we find Jefferson, when President, thus expressing himself in a letter to Colonel Monroe, dated May 1, I 806—" The late change in the Ministry I consider as insuring us a just settle ment of our differences, and we ask no more. In Mr. Fox personally, I have more confidence than in any man in England, and it is founded in what, through unquestionable channels, I have had opportunities Of knowing of his honesty and his good sense. While he shall be in the Administration, my reliance on that Govern ment will be solid. We had committed our selves on a bne of proceedings adapted to meet Mr. Pitt's policy and hostility, before we heard of his death, which self-respect did not permit us to abandon afterwards ; and the late unpa ralleled outrage on us at New York, excited such sentiments in the public at large, as (lid not permit us to do less than has been done. It ought not to be viewed by the Ministry as looking towards them at all, but merely as the consequence of the measures of their predecessors, which their nation has called on them to correct. I hope, therefore, they will come to just arrangements. No two countries upon earth have so many points of conzmon interest and friendship ; and their rulers must be great bunglers ladecd, if with such dispositions they break them asunder. The only rivalry that can arise is on the ocean.l England may, by petty thwartings, check us on that element a little, but nothing she can do will retard us there one year's growth. We shall be supported there by other nations, and thrown into their scale, make a part of the great counterpoise to her navy. lf, on the other hand, she is just to us, conciliatory, and encourages the sentiment of fa mily feeling and conduct, it cannot fail to befriend the security of both. We have the seamen and materials for fifty ships of the line, and half that number of frigates ; and were Fran ce t o g i ve us the money, and England the disposition to equip them, they would give to England serious proofs of the stock from which they arc sprung, and the school in which they have been taught ; and, added to the efforts of the immensity of sea coast lately united under our power, would leave the state of the ocean no longer problematical. Were, on the wher hand, England to give the money, and France the disposition to place us on the sea in all our force, the whole world, out of the Continent of Europe, might be our joint monopoly. We wish for neither of these scenes. We ask for peace and justice from all nations, and we will remain uprightly neutral in fact, though leaning in belief to the opinion that an English ascendancy on the ocean is safer for us than that of France." In a letter to the Presi dent, dated Oct. 24, 1823, he observes— " Our first and fundamental maxim should he never to entangle ourselves in the broils of Europe. Our second, never to suffer Europe to intermeddle with our Atlantic affairs. America, North and South, has a set of interests distinct from those of Europe, and peculiarly her own. She should there fore have a system of her own, separate and apart from that of Europe. While the last is labouring to become the domicile of despotism, our eudearour should surely be to make oar hemisphere that of freedom. One nation, mast of all, could disturb us in this pursuit; she now offers to lead, aid, and ac company us in it. By acceding to her proposition, we detach her from the baud of despots, bring her mighty weight into the scale of free government, and emancipate a Continent at one stroke, which might otherwise li iger long in doubt and difficulty. Great Britain is the nation which can do us the most harm of any one; and, with her on our side, we need not fear the whole world, With her, then, we should most sedulously cherish a cordial friendship ; and nothing would tend more to knit our affections, than to be fighting once more side by side in the sainsi cause. iNot that I would purchase even her amity at the price of taking part in her wars. But the war in which the present pro position might engage us—should that be its consequence—is not her war, but ours. Its object i 3 to introduce and establish the American system, of keeping out of our land all Foreign Powers—of never permitting those of Europe to intermeddle with the affairs of our nations. It is to maintain our own principle, not to depart from it. And if to fa cilitate this we can effect a division in the body of the European Powers, and draw over to our side its most powerful members, surely we should do it. But I sun clearly of Mr. Canning's opinion that it will preVent, instead of provoking, war. With Great Britain withdrawn from their scale, and shifted into that of our two Continents, all Europe combined would not undertake such a war. For how would they propose to get at either enemy without su perior fleets ? Nor is the occasion to be slighted which this proposition offers, of declaring our pro test against the atrocious violation of the rights of stations, by the interference of any one in the inter nal affairs of another, so flagitiously begun by Buona parte, and now continued by the equally lawless Alliance calling itself Holy ?" These, be it remembered, are not State Papers got up to serve a purpose, hut the unreserved confidential cctnmunications of the heads of the Democrats, who have been so grossly misrepre sented to us, to each other. It appears that the Americans have nothing so much at heart as the most intimate connection with us, short of inter ference with the internal affairs of each other. In this liberal view England and America grow with the growth of each other. There can be no cause for jealousy ; for it is as • impossible for America to injure England in Europe, as for England to injure America in the other hemisphere. -The proper way of viewing the two countries is to consider them one in all that is beneficial, and merely separated for purposes beneficial to each domestic Govern ment. It is the interest of both countries to multiply their relations with each other as much as possible, that they may have always the strongest interest to be on the best terms with each other. Let both natious retrace their steps; let England encourage the application of Ame rican capital to land, by offering a ready market for agricultural produce of all kinds ; and Anre rica cease to encourage by restrictions the appli cation of capital to manufactures. In this way both would thrive. Our landlords would gain by the most unlimited importation ; for we could only import by exporting the produce of our own industry in return, and what a market would besides be opened by the purchases of an increas ing manufacturing population for all the pro ducts of agriculture which cannot be imported ! Let our landlords abandon the absurd idea that they can gain by monopolies, which deprive in dustry of the means of purchasing. If this liberal policy be resorted to, a war between the two countries would be viewed by the people of both as little less unnatural than a civil war. The great secret for avoiding war is to make it the interest of nations to be at peace, and to make them sensible of their interest.—Morning Chronicle. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. GUILDHALL. Sophia Birdscye, a squalid-looking middle-aged woman, was brought before Mr. Alderman FARE* BRUTIIER yesterday, having been apprehended at the instance of the Coroner for London, to await the result of an inquest on the body of her daughter, aged 16. The Coroner's investigation commenced at St. Bartholomew's Hospital on Thursday evening, and was adjourned till Monday next, to procure further evidence; the impression made by that already ob tained being, that the prisoner went home to her lodging, at Islington, on the evening of the 28th ult. in a state of intoxication, and pushed her daughter backwards off a stool into the fire, by which she was so dreadfully burned that she died, after linger ing-a few days in the hospital. The reason of the prisoner's apprehension being explained to the Magistrate by Mr. Payne, she was remanded till Tuesday, without going into the inquiry, BOW-STREET. Yesterday Dillon and 0' Bryan, the two men who were charged with stealing a watch and its ap pendages from the person of Mr. Williams, the co median, were brought forward for a re-extutiination, after which the parties were bound over to pro secute. INHUMAN TREATMENT OF FOUR CUM , DREN AT IIEYSIDE, NEAR OLDHANI. From the Depositions taken at the Workhouse, Royton, Jan. 5, and at the Session-room, °Mani, Jan. 7, h!- fore the Rev. J. [Laden, one of his Majesty's Justices of the Peace for the County of Lancaster.) About noon on Saturday, Jan. 2, a woman resid- ing at Oldham-edge, observed a girl pass her house in - a wretched condition, apparently wandering she knew not i+ hither, shivering with cold, and her fea tures bearing the impression of famine. The good woman, melting with pity, questioned the girl from whence she came, and whither she was going ? but the only information she could obtain was, that her name was Hannah Bell; that she came from Mr. James's; the name of the place she did nut know; and that she war then leaving her situation. From the deplorable condition of the child, and the mystery of her narrative, the woman was induced to take her to the police-office at Oldham, where, on being further questioned, she stated there • were three others at the place she had left in as bail a state as herself; it was also ascertained that She must have came from Heyside or its neighbourhood. Mr. Chadwick, the head constable, ordered that she should be taken care of; and after she had been revived by nourishment, he wrapped her in a cloak, and placing her in a cart, conveyed her to Heyside, where she pointed out the house of one Jonathan Buckley, at a place called Bull-cote. Mr. Chadwick entered, and asked to see the other apprentices. Buckley demanded to know by what right Mr. Chadwick interfered about the apprentices; and Mr. Chadwick gave him to understand that if he did not produce them, and surrender them up, he would take such measures as would compel him to do so; Buckley still refusing, the officer waited on the Rev. J. Ilorden, at Shaw, who immediately accompanied him to the house, where they found Sarah Home and Hugh Carr, two of the four apprentices, weav ing fustian, John Hoy was laid on a miserable pallet up stairs, blind and lame frem the wounds he had received on being beaten ; and Hannah Bell was already under their protection. The girl Home was in a worse condition than Bell. She was so feeble she could scarcely throw her shuttle across, and was carried from the loom by Mr. Horde') him self. In consequence of the shocking state the children were in, it was determined to remove them at once to the workhouse : they were accordingly wrapped up, placed in a cart, and conveyed thither; and the wretch, their master, was taken into custody, and placed in the lock-up at Shaw. Sarah Home appears to he about 16 or 17 years of age ; her visage is long and pale, her eyes heavy and dim, her skin shrivelled, her foot wounded, and her belly greatly discoloured. • She, together with Pell, was laid upon a couch by the fire. She was in a very feeble state, and in a voice at times scarcely articulate, deposed as follows :-1 have not been bound to him I was to weave, but he beat me so I could not. He beat me with a rope with knots at the end of it. He beat me any where, where the rope might light, and sometimes he beat me with a stick. (Here she deposed to several attempts of her master to seduce her, ai:d subsequently stated that he was more violent with her, in consequence of her refusals to submit to his wishes.) He beat me at all times of the day; he beat me last Friday (New Year's-day,)jl had been winding. I could not make my cloth strong enough, my foot was so sore with his kicking me down stairs. It was a good while since he kicked me down stairs. We never had any butcher's meat, he used that himself. When we did not do our work, we had sometimes one meal a day, and sometimes, two, of porridge. When we did not do our work, he used to keep us up till one or two o'clock in the morning, and we got up between six and seven. lie set us three yards a-day to weave, of cords. The Overseer, in answer to a question from Mr. Horden, stated that three yards, of that description, would be a good day's work for a stout man. I could not weave the quantity he set me to do. We worked till between two and three on Saturday morning last (the day they were removed.) He used to say we could do a yard in four hours. I have woven three yards in one day. It took me till one or two in the morning. While I was winding on Saturday morning, he and his mother kept saying they wished I would go away, and Alick throttled me, telling me to run off. Buckley sometimes wove a bobbin or two himself, then he would go into the house, or come to look at our cloth, and if it was not right, he would flog us. He begun his work after he had his breakfast, and now and then his wife would come and weave a little. He has struck me on my head with the straining-up-pin (gene rally a piece of iron about 18 inches long, and 1i in circumference.) He hit me hard with it. He used to strike me hard and make my head bleed. He kicked me on my belly. lie also hit me on the side with his fist. The wretch, with the greatest effrontery, made some a llusions to the character of two of the girl's sisters, but Mr. lionlen, on account of their irre levancy, would not suffer them to be answered. James Hoy, an orphan II om the Duke of York's Asylum, at London, and who, in the commencement of the pievions examination, had, in consequence of severe pains, been removed to another room, was now brought back. He had'a mature look for his size, which was that of a boy about 12 years of age, though, according to the regulations of the institu tion from whence he came, and the length of his servitude, he should be in his 21st yetti.. His lcs were swollen and discoloured, his body also bruised and wasted ; his thighs and posteriors were shri velled to the bone, and his loins were covered with sores. Ills head had been beaten almost to a jelly. The surgeon exhibited a wound on it which, he said, penetrated to the skull. The bosom of his shirt was bloody; the hair about his ears, and the ears themselves, were clotted with stiffened gore; they had grown flat to his head with the healing of frequent wounds, and when brought to the work house he was quite blind. Being seated on a low scat, with his body resting on the couch-chair, he was examined as follows : Mr. Barlow—When were you bound apprentice to Buckley 'r'—lt is going on six years. I was bound for seven. At what time did you begin to weave in the morning ?—Sometimes before six, sometimes it was after six, and sometimes seven. What was the general time ?-01, he wakened us as soon as he had a mind : he never heeded what time it was. How late at night did you weave ?—Till between one and two o'clock. Was it ever after two ?—Ay, sometimes till be tween two and three, and twelve of a Saturday. Did you ever weave your three yards ?—Ay, I wove it many a time. Mr. lIORDEN—When you wove that, what time did you get up; and leave off working P—ln sum mer at five, and held till dark. Mr. Barlow—What had you to eat ?—Porridge and Potatoes. Had you never any butchers' meat ?—No. Had Buckley any himself ?—None so oft ; some times he had a bit, and sometimes he'd give me a bit of We had not as much as we could eat at none of our meals. Mr. HOIWEN—Did he abuse you anyway ?—Ay, he abused me very badly. What did he do to you ?—He beat me with a rope; ay, and with his fist, and his clogs; he throt tled me round the neck, so as I could not shriek none. Where wag it he heat you ?—in the loom-houge, Where; on your body ?—Any where, where he could ; sometimes on my head, sometimes on my body. Are there any wounds on your head ?—Ay, its full o' wounds. Mr. HORDEN—You said, when' he knocked your eyes up, he put you to bed; how did he knock your eyes up ?—With his fist, because I was crying out : he struck me with his fist over my eyes,: because I would not let him pull my breeches down, to beat me with a rope; then his wife came and pull'd 'ern down, an' he beat me an' she best rue after. Has he made all the marks now on your body ? Ay, him au' his wife too. When he kicked you, where did he kick ?—IIe kicked my thigh. Ilad he clogs on when he kicked ?—Ay, he ever had his clogs on. I was in bed two days an' two nights till Saturday, when a gentleman came and fetched me down stairs. I could not see; he did so by me once before. In answer to a question by Mr. Barlow, he stated, he considered Hannah Bell and Hugh Carr out of danger. Hoy, he thought, was threatened with an inflammation in the head, and Sarah Home had signs of an incipient consumption ; he would not, however, pronounce positively as to Hannah Bell. Her deposition, which was as follows, was therefore taken : I am an apprentice to Jonathan Buckley, of Bull-cote, near hloyton. I was bound by the over _ __ seers of Lancaster t w o George :tlacks,of Manchester, bombazin-weaver. I have lived with Buckley two years and a fortnight this Christmas. I can't tell how long I lived with Slack•, but I left him be cause his wife died. Buckley set me to weave eight-shaft fustian. I was to do three yards a-day. I could not weave a yard in five hours. I was sometimes six. I did not in general do my whole work. I could not do it. In - summer we - u%ed to go to bed sootier, but in winter it was one, two, or three o'clock when we weft, and he made us work till that time. Very often, this winter, we have had only one meal a•day, which was porridge, and when we were late with our work we had nothing to them. He limited me to one meal a-day because I did not do my work, and I did not do it because I could not, 1 was so beaten and so hungry. He beat me often with a rope with a great knot at the end, and he has many times got the yard stick and beaten me over my head and made great lumps on the top of it. He struck me hard,—as hard as he could. The surgeon stated that she was very much bruised, part i cu l ar l y on her b ac k . _ _ . . . Mr. iiORDEN—What did be make those wounds on your back with ?—With a rope, and with kick ing me. Every time. he saw me off my loom, be kicked me. Ile kicked me all over my b nly. Ile gave me this black eye with a rope last week. I don't know the day. What made your hair come off from your head?— It was with luggin me. Why did he do it ?—Because I did not weave my cloth strong enough. (She now became sick, and a little water was given her. After some time the examination proceeded.) Cua you write ?—No, Sir. Take hold of the pen, then. Girl—l could write once, but I cannot now. The poor creature was as miserable a looking ob- ject as. the other girl, perhaps more so. Her hair had been pulled up in places by the roots, leaving the scalp bare and wh►te, her hack was growing out, and there were extensive bruises on the loins. Her body was wasted, and her limbs like those of the other two—discoloured and swollen. Her voice was, bowever, clearer, and on the whole she ap• peared stronger. Mr. HOkDEN now intimated that he would take the deposition of the boy Carr, and such others as might be necessary on ThurAay, at Oldham. The prisoner was therefore hand-cuffed, and conveyed by Mr. Chadwick to the lock-up at that place. He is a low and rather stout built man, with an extraor dinary and displeasing cast of countenance, on which, throughout the whole of the examinations, not the faintest emotion could be traced. It is said that lie has four or five children of his own, who, unlike the poor orphans he maltreated, looked remarkably well. About two years since the overseers of Royton wrote to the governor and trustees of the Duke of York's Asylum, informing them of the.manner in which several of their apprentices had been treated by the weavers of Heyside, to whom they were bound; the letter was promptly answered, and Mr. Hardman was assured that no more children should be suffered to come from that establishment to !ley side. Since, then, however, several have been sent down, from which we may infer, that unless the public promptly step forward, the orphans of our brave soldiers who harefallen in the service of. their country will still be left to perish under tortures and privations such as are now disclosed. • OLDHAM, JAN. 7. Mr. Leach, the surgeon, Ivho has attended the unfortunate children since their removal to the work house, to-day si(rncd a certificate that they were not in danger. Buckley, their master, was then brought before Mr. Horden, and informed that. he must find bail for an assault with intent to commit a rape on the body of Sarah HOme,—himself in 601., and two sureties in 10/. each; that in the other three cases he would be indicted for an assault, and would be required to find bail, himself in 301. and two 'sureties in 20/. each; and that 48 hours' notice most be given. He was then reconducted to the lick-up. A communication has been forwarded from the over seers.of Royfon, to the Governors of the Duke of Yolk's school, relative to this atrocious transaction, and as to the general treatment of apprentices at Heyside and its immediate neighbourhood. A war rant has also been issued for the apprehension of the man named Alick, who was stated to have wantonly tnaltreated one of the poor girls. The discovery of these enormities has created a great sensation in the country, and all classes call loudly for the exemplary punishment of the perpetrators. LAW INTELLIGENCE. COURT OF KING'S BENCH, JAN. A. BOOTH, ESQ., AND ANOTHER, V. ANDERSON. This was an action by the late Sheriffs of Lon don, on a bail bond given by the defendant and a person of the name of Stephens, for a Mr. Banks, who had been arrested at the suit of a creditor.— The name of a Mr. Collier had been originally in serted in the bond as one of the bail, but that Halve was struck out, and Mr. Stephens's substituted; and the question was whether Stephens's name was inserted before or after the bond had been executed by the defendant. The execution by Banks and Stephens was attested by Mr. Fawcett, a clerk in the Secondaries' office, and the execution by the defendant was attested by the Sheriff's officer, who stated that the bond was delivered to him by Mr. Fawcett, after it had, as he believed, been executed by Banks and Stephens. The officer also stated that he believed it was executed by the defendant at his (the officer's) own house, and not at the house of Mr. Banks; and Mr. Fawcett stated that the execution by Banks anal Stephens did not take place at Banks'a house. To contradict this testimony Mr. Banks was call ed. He stated that the bond, filled up with the names of himself, Collier,.: and the. defendant, was brought to his house by the officer for execution.— The defendant was present, but Collier not having come, the defendant, after waiting for him half an hour, executed the bond, on the assurance that Col lier's signature would be afterwards obtained. The officer then took away the bond executed by the defendant, and in the course of an hour it was brought hack by Mr. Fawcett. Collier not having arrived, Banks sent a note to him by Stephens, who had called while Mr. Fawcett was there. On Ste phens's return, it being ascertained that Collier was from home, Banks proposed that Stephens's name should be substituted for that of Collier, and this being acceded to by Mr. Fawcett, the bond was executed by Banks and Stephens in his presence, and he then took it away, Mr. Banks telling him to get it re-executed by the defendant, in conse quence of the substitution of Stephens's name for that of Collier, after the defendant_ had signed it.; The above is the substance of Mr. Banks's testi mony, the greater part of which was contradicted by Mr. Fawcett. be Jury, after a little hesitation, found for the plaintiffs. HIGH COURT OF DELEGATES, JAN. S. WYATT V. INGRAM. This is an appeal from the sentence of the Judge of the Prerogative Court, which set aside an alleged will and codic:l of John Clopton, Esq., formerly In gram, of ( lopton- Hall, Warwickshire, made in favour of Mr. Henry Wyatt, SOH of Mr. Richard Wyatt, the solicitor and confidential agent of the deceased, to the prejudice of the deceased's sister, Miss Barbara Ingram. The grounds of opposition to the will were, that the deceased was of unsound mind, and that fraud and circumvention had been used. The property at stake is very considerable. The counsel for the appellant, who were the ATTORNEY-GENERAL, Dr. PIIILLIMORE, and Mr. FoLLETT, concluded their argument to-day. They contended that the Judge of the Prerogative Court hgd, in his decision, pushed the principles upon which he decided to a dangerous length, that he had thereby laid down new principles, and that he had, in particular, drawn inferences from suspicions in stead of from facts. They dwelt strongly upon the disgrace which would attach to the respectable par ties concerned in the transaction, if the sentence should be confirmed. To-morrow the Court will proceed to hear the respondent's Counsel, who. arc Dr. LUSHINGTON, Dr. DODSON, and Mr. KNIGHT. INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT, JAN. 8 John Scoleyfeld, a cloth salesman, late of Walcot place, Lambeth, and No. 4, Coleman-street, was opposed by Mr. WOODROFFE, on behalf of Mr. John Wilkinson. Mr. John Wilkinson, clothier, of No. 25, Addle street,Wood-st reet, for several years had had dealings with the insolvent, but on February 16, 1829, they balanced accounts, when there appeared to be .591. 19s. due from the insolvent, for which he gave his bill at four months, and which would be due on the 19th of June. On the 10th of June, nine days before the bill became due, the insolvent applied to him for two pieces of cloth, saying that he had a customer for them. Mr. Wilkinson refused to let him have the cloth, but agreed to send it to the warehouse of Mr. Butts, a cloth-worker in the neigh bout hood, where the insolvent's customer could in spect it, and if approved of, the money was im mediately to be paid over to Mr. Wilkinson, but if not approved of, the goods were to be returned. The following day the insolvent called and said the cloth would not suit his customer, and requested to have some more sent. Mr. Wilkinson refused to send any more, and desired that the two pieces shotild be immediately returned to him, which he promised to do, instead of which he took the cloth away from Mr. Butts's, and never returned it or paid the money. The hill of .54!. 19s. was dis honoured when due; afterwards he gave the witness a bill for 29/. 10s., in part payment of the dishonoured bill, accepted by a person named 'lrafford, whom he stated to be doing well in business, instead of which the witness had since learned that between the date of the bill and his taking it, Trafford had been dis charged under the Insolvent Debtors' Act. That bill was dishonoured, and then the insolvent pre vailed on him to take another bill for the same amount, accepted by a person named Jonas Paul, to whom he said he had sold goods to that amount. Witness had since examined the insolvent's books, and found an entry on the day that the bill bore date, of the insolvent's having given 10s. as a con sideration for Paul's having put his name to it, and that it was an accommodation bill. That was also dishonoured when it became due. Mr. Commissioner HARats said, the judgment of the Court was, that the insclvent be remanded at the suit of Mr. Wilkinson for a period of eight ca lendar months from the date of filing his petition, for fraudulently contracting. a debt. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TATTERSALL'S. Very little was done on Thursday, nor is it likely that the betting will assume any importance till a thorough change in the weather enables the horses to take their u.ual exer cise. he only changes are in Mahrnoud for the Derby, and Brunswicker for the St. Leger, the former having declined, and the other advanced a shade. DERBY. 8 to I agst Sir Mark Wood's The Mummer 9 to I agst Mr. Petre's Brunswicker 13 to 1 ai,, , st Sir M. Wood's Cetus 13 to 1 asst Mr. Chifuey's Cressida colt 13 to 1 agst Lord Cavendish's Mouse reit 20 to 1 agst Lord Exeter's Mahmoud 20 to -1 agat Lord Sefton's Sal colt 20 to 1 agst Lord Cleveland's Vat Tyler (tak,n) 25 to I agat Mr. llamsbottom's Zucharellt (taken) 25 to 1 agst Lord Tuvistock's Costar 1 colt 25 to 1 agst Lord Sefton's Captain Arthur 25 to 1 agst Lord Egremont's Brother to Grampus 33 to I agst Lord Sefton's Mouche OAKS. 6 to 1 apt Lord Sefton'sMouelie 9 to 1 agst Lord Queensberry's Maria (Emma) 9 to 1 agst Mr. Stonehewer's Leeway filly 13 to 1 agst Lord Jersey's Filagree filly 16 to 1 agst Mr.-Maberley's Zelus 17 to 1 art Lord Exeter's Sbutola ST. LEGER. £7OO to 200 offered to be taken about Brunswicker. ADDRESS TO THE GOVERNNTENTS 0 1 EUROPE AND AMERICA. In September, 1818, 1 presented to you a nie morial; and in October of the same year, I pr e sewed another, through the late Lord Castlereag h to the Allied Powers, assembled in Congress at Ate These memorials related to the general state e the civilized world, as it existed at that period; 0c - to these I beg to refer you for an expl anat i on o f the causes that have created the general changes arh:c; have occurred in Europe and America from 0 7 : time up to the present period. Upon perusing these memorials you will perceil that, without the alteration of a singl e wor d, theP pescribe the exact condition of the leading :Pow and their respective populations, in Europe v America, as they exist at this moment. In the first of these memorials it is stated tb! l " A period has arrived in which a greater change° human affairs will be forced on the world than 1 111 world has ever witnesed; but, in all its extent, change will be highly beneficial to every indiyida l and to all States. It is a period when time s ac°, which have hitherto perplexed mankind are a b o ut'' be unravelled ; and, in consequence, the obstacle; which stoodin the way of human improvement enjoyment will be removed. The immediate causes which make thicchad certain and necessary are, the overwhelming elle° of new scientific power, and the rapidly increao knowledge of all classes of men. " The former will soon render human labour • little avail in the creation of wealth, while the IS will make evident to the people the absolute nee; sty which has thus arisen f o r th em t o g i ve . a ferent direction to their powers, and will infofe them, also, how the change is to be effected. " To this day the means of consumption, ore o!•itaining the necessaries of life, by the work" classes, have been acquired solely through the fe e dints of their labour, the value of which the 10 power has already much diminished. And the re! tain consequences of the undirected progress of tle power will be to reduce the exchangeable value manual labour until it falls below the means of pt ° curing a wretched subsistence for any large propoe tion of the working classes, w hil e th e rema i n d e r , them must be starved out of existence. " Such is the nature of the contest, which V• already continued for some time, and which o e° exists, in full activity, between scientific power al it manual labour—between knowledge and ignorance but no one, who comprehends anything of the 3 0 jcct, can for one moment doubt the result," _ . . The period has arrived when this change•has come inevitable throughout the British dominions and the causes which have produced the neces4t o for it in these countries are in active progress in ti ° United States, in France, over Europe genet-sill' and in many parts of Asia. The new scientific powers of production, whic h during the late revolutionary war of France, mit! such a progress in Great Britain, as by their effl to astonish her allies, her enemies, and the wail have now taken deep root in the U n it e d S tates , $ l , in many of the nation% of Europe ; and this ne power, which no human efforts can non arre ,, t, i° its continually increasing progress, is already : tillr cient, or may be made superabundantly, to suPP I I the physical wants of the human race, however r s ' pidly the population of the world may increase. Such is already the dominion which science 11°. acquired over the productions by which the physic s wants of mankind are supplied.. It is unnecessary, therefore, that poverty, or O il fear of it, should be longer numbered among th e evils to which humanity i s li a bl e , except through twww, want of knowledge and 'consequent misr u l e o f tho r , who govern. The most ample means to secure permine l abundance for the population whom you gavel' and whose happiness or misery d e p en d s .upon knowledge or ignorance, are now at your dispor and wait only for you to gire them a right direct'! In the words, then, of the second mentorial,!, which I have already referred, it is strictly true tl The period has arrived when the means te,.if come obvious, by which, without violence, fritudt,l disorder of any kind, rich es ma y b e created in nitZ; abundance, and advautageous;y for all, that ' 0 ; wants and wishes of every human being, relative I. real wealth, may be more than satisfied." But the still more important knowledge has bes t acquired, and is now offered for your consideratid by means of which you would be ettabled'io raid from among the people over whom you rule, from their descendants to the latest posteriq the cause of all intellectual and moral evil ever of perienced in human society. The inhabitants of the world have heretoO l j lived under the impression that the thoughts sr the convictions of each individual were of his oil formation; and that they d e p en d e d upon his 04101 which they supposed to be an independent part his nature. They have, therefore, been angry,.b: cause of each other's thoughts and convictions; 0 1 have, consequently, been, without exception, Igo' rantly cruel and unjust, individually and nationalli' l The inhabitants of the world have also exi s ted,t the present time, under the impression that each O r dividual possessed a power, of his own formatio e to like or dislike things, and to love or or hate Pe r sons at his pleasure. They have, therefore, been angry with each othei when they did not or dislike thi ngs , a nd t love or hate according to the fanciful o r ar bitrd ) notions of individuals or nations. Experience has now proved that these are impf_ d e f sions arising, not from facts, but, from imagiton• notions opposed to all facts; and that hence all has proceeded all the intellectual and, moral ef' or, in other words, all the irr a ti ona lity w hi c h r world has ever known. • The cause of all the mi sery w hi c h h as ex i ste d I , thus before you ; and y ou possess th e most anly power to remove that cause i n t hi s generat i on, w ith out injury to yourselves or others. Will you not, then, remove it, and thereby viri °l , draw all the evil and misery from among yourself,. and all those whose well-b e i ng an d h app i ness sr under your guidance and controul ? Will you not unite among yourselves for Y° l safety, and odiously deliberate what measures ill. he the most beneficially adopted u n d er th e new 0 , 1 etimstunces which have arisen, and the knowlea of which can be no longer withheld from the e ncral population of the world ? Can all your present wealth and power proeuri% higher enjoyment than that of becoming the s ett,' instruments of securing the future h a ppi ness o f r human race ? To accomplish the object of all my exertions it necessary for me to economise time and moue/ and when the end to be attained is the petmlille, ll well-being of mankind, ceremonies becom e l e es iv' portant. I feel myself, therefore, obliged to make tl3l communication to each Governm en t th roug h t d medium of the public pre#s; in which form I* each of you to accept it with the same kind feel# s , and attention which my former communications perienced from many of you. Bedford-aquare, Jan: 6 ROBERT . BIRTHS. On the 6th inst. at Upham, the lady of E. M. o°, Esq. of a daughter. On the 6th inst. at Kensington, the lady of G. l'Ae Esq. of a datight .r. MARRIED. On the Gth inst. at Midi, Henry Kirk, Esq.' hi Oa? to Martha, second d aug ht er o f t h e l ate Thomas Bird,. ) (4f Bath. DIED. On the 7th inst. at her house in Great Stanhope- , tin May-fair, the Countess St. Martin De Front, in the 01 • year of her age. On the sth, inst. at Nyton-house, near Chichester, . Payne, Esq. in his 65th year. On the tith inst in Parliament-street, Mrs. Dury, , of the late Captain Dury of the Royal Artillery. PANTY!) AND PUB►ISHED ST l►lllllDO YOUPaid vas Ivii ()rrtes, 110, STSAWID Immo*. • .• tllti;u4 L f s Tu Notice, rl'ersow lity, of !and oth . 14 the I - Iron G and Le Articles and ma Storekei at the fixed foi A Ca Persons the Seer the who 'read 4;in A Amon dotes an /swin g eye Duke Atanchea Anapacit Lore! lap 4 Ihror 3Tarq u i, Xepp e i Henry Ll T 1 thi the AN/s at the CI (Dancing aio doubt rage beat. 1 .5, 01(1 1 Jan. 1 A 1-44 ha ler own I Receive in who won French C fluently at For f u ter (Post-/ tonittreet, C HA rte and Com m death of a be conduct C. and far the fay( b,y Comme ut tt's.ntinE auAtrort. Valuable al Inrestutt Water Thr ee El Ti At Garr On TRUILS A VA] the Stanningto : berlsnd ; a all direction land and fo relit post r, ,1 rim hC4PousestAtl i FAI of a tnral Build Read of Wa and fine Pla Enclosures 1 FIVE TII In the oc year to year, FIVE TI The Estat ranee of Lim Part of the , A )4 rge at in Draining further in 9 4 4 the pro seldom oft Distant fri Eve miles, an Sporting Co I h° River DI other Pish. lb. neigh ' !several Gent having many views of the adjacent eon quantity ( f