The Sun. — London, England, 1863-11-23 00:00:00

Lord Clarence Paget on Naval Affairs. A pr /bile dinner was held in the Guildhall, at Deal, cm Friday, to celebrate the election of Mr. W. M. Crlvell to the office of Mayor. The new chief ma gistrate presided, and among his guests were Lord Clarence Paget and Mr Knatchbull Hugessen, the members for the borough, "The health of Her Majesty and the rest of the Royal Family," having been given with the usual marks of loyalty, The MAYOR next proposed " The Health of her Majesty's Ministers," which was received with =eh cordiality. Lord CLARENCE PAGET, in acknowledging the toast, said,—Mr. Mayor and gentlemen—l feel some diffidence in having to respond to the toast which has been so eloquently given by your worthy mayor in honour of her Majesty's Ministers, because, being dignified with that title, it may be expected that I should give you a short programme of the measures to be brought forward in the coming session, and scme idea of the policy and proceedings which are likely to be adopted in future. Unfortunately, gentlemen, if I were to assumo any such function, I should be committing an act of gross deception, inasmuch as I am but a subordinate member of the Government, and really know nothing of their intentions with regard to the future. (Hear, hear.) Gentlemen, 1 think it would b© extremely unwise in me to enter on this harmoni ous occasion upon any subjects which would be likely to excite any difference of opinion. There are, how ever, some rew matters on which I believe I may, without raising any elements of discord, congratu late th,e country. One of these things is the fact that in thr midst of the turmoil which now prevails all around us we are still enjoying the blessings of peace. (C'iieers.) I believe it is generally admitted that we b.ave pursued a very wise policy in avoiding all in terference in the dreadful war which is now raging on the other side of the Atlantic. I think also that I am not stepping beyond the bounds cf discretion if I say that I believe we owe a great portion of our present prosperity, under Providence, to the fact of having so largely increased our commercial inter course with our neighbours the French. It will be conceded, I suppose, on all hands that the severe dis. tress which has been felt in the manufacturing dis tricts, and which has been so nobly borne by our suf fering artisans, has been greatly lightened through the operation of the commercial treaty with France. (Hear, hear.) But turning to subjects not strictly con nected with party polities, I think I can speak to you with more freedom upon the administration of the navy. Happily, all of us, whether in Parliament or out of it, are of one mind in reference to the mainten ance of that magnificent force which has the safety and honour of the country in its keeping. As a humble member of the Administration, who has to conduct the affairs of the navy in the House of Commons, I may be permitted to congratulate you on the fact that the vast sums which by the generosity of the Country are devoted to that noble service have not been, spent in vain. I may say, and say with con fitlimce, that our navy was never in a more satis factory or a more efficient state than at the present moment. IV e have—and it is astonishing in how short a. time it has been created—a great standing navy, which is now in such a permanent and fixed position that we no longer hear alarm expressed lest we should be unable to man our ships in case of emergency. The men composing our immense :forces are almost ail of them permanently attached to the navy. We have commenced a new system, very expensive, no doubt, but most efficient, by which we introduce very largely into the service boys who from their earliest years are brought up to regard it as their home and their profession. Indeed, in the course of a very short time the vast body of your sailors will be all educated men. (Hear, hear.) A..t this moment not a single youth enters the navy who is riot able to read and write. Now, appeal to my countrymen to judge what must be the fft:ct upon the morale of the service when the whole body of the sailors, with few exceptions, are edu cated. men. May we not hope that there will he a vf.ry great improvement in their social condition, and a consequent addition to the efficiency of the 'navy ? I am not arrogating unduo merit to the pre sent Government when I say it has been their che risied wish to improve tne social condition of ota seamen, for the same object has been zealously sought by all recent Governments. (Hear.) We have likewise had to expend vast sums upon the construction of our ships. Nobody who is not con- nected with the department of the Admiralty can have any idea of the difficulties encountered in con ...idering that which is really the best kind of ship in these days of transition, with regard both to construction and to armament. We have received a multiplicity of proposals from many eminent men to apply novel inventions to the build and every detail connected with our ships. We have given these matters our most earnest con sideration, and I honestly believe that we have at this moment the most powerful steam squadron at sea of any country in the world. (Cheers.) I rejoice to see that there is an increasing interest taken by Parliament and the public in all that relates to mari time affairs. The Admiralty, you are aware, have been found fault with. We are told that our ships iz)aht to be built of iron and not of wood—that we ought to construct ships with twin screws; in short, c favoured with every variety of proposal, and ' u3 "ted to every species of criticism on these points. Well I assertions to you and the public not to listen to ta' a at the of those who are continually cavil cular fort, O G t overnment, because their own parti cular not been ship, or their own particular fancy course aa, can Pursue I am sure the wisest straightforward Pursue is to adhere to the for eurselaes, andbiter honest principle of deciding consideration, of that which is the best form and " ; , la ss of ship for the navy. A friend of mine fro m day, " Well, but _ why ' ?ow said to me the other you answer all these attacks upon the naval anz m . inistration ?" Now, our officers are naturally to be permitted to answer these attacks ; b ut : o th " invariable course o f g th e Admiralty is to forbid them froth them. noticin Oar business is not to enter into with the Press, or with gentlemen who controversy may make ghat, a u n:l v tFa o t n w e have speeches, but to assure the ' 1 ' 111 114; t h : we desire i s just and ri to do that which no other wish than to construct our possibly; principle, according to th e the best I repeat that l " 3 pos sess. (Hear, hear.) oa r navy i whethe r the most satisfactory position, We s e eider the number, the form, or the a,haai:ell of our ships, or whether W 3 consider the strength, strength, the morale, or the physique of their crews. It is, I am sure, a matter of congratulati on, in days when the horizon is clouded in every 1 direction, that this country should have its navy i n a state of perfect efficiency ; and, without being able to say what will be the amount of the naval esti• mites, I believe it is the earnest desire of every one that such liberal sums should be granted for the maintenance of the navy as will enable us to keep is; up in a position which consorts with the honour and dignity of the nation. (Cheers.) Alderman BROWN proposed " The Health of the Borough Members," which was drunk with the usual honours. Mr. KNATCHBULL-HUGESSEN returned thanks in speech ex c l us i ve ly con fi ne d t o l oca l top i cs , and Concluded by giving " The Health ofthe Mayor." 11l s ‘ , ORSUIP briefly meat, and proposed " The Navy, the Army, and the volunteers," taking occasion operations in N to eulogise the recent Lord ow Zealand and Jap a n. e . p acita the Na vy , said_ y , in returning th an k s on b e h a lf o f ou, M r . M a y or , h ave a l lu d e d to what is now tran world. you mentioned that one po r ti on o f our in in New Zeeland, and thatthe suppression of the revolt likewise distinguishedthemselves another portion have as sure you that the account, in Japan. I Ne w iialand show that t zhich we receive from have been enabled to send to sm all t force which we m ilitary in the arduous duties thee :zistance of the in that colony have rendered such :o to per rviee, by its great ardour, its endurance, ana its gallantry action, that the General in command of the troop s there reports that he owes his success i n severalrloa-tse encounters in great measure to its extraordinary exertions. (Hear, hear.) Again, in Japan our sailors have been called upon to perform a very ' gallant action in avenging the death of an English man who had been murdered by one of the lawless chieftains of that country. And I am the more gratified in expressing my thanks to you for your honourable mention of the navy on that occasion, inasmuch as a report has got abroad, ,r d has been extensively spread by the Press, that the gallant Admiral who was charged with the duty of punish ing this Daimio, the Prince of Satsuma, had acted with wanton cruelty in wilfully destroying the large town of Kagosima. Well, I can assure you that her Majesty's Government deplore the loss of property which took place on that occasion. They deplore, as we all must deplore, that the property of innocent persons should be sacrified in any of these warlike operations, accompanied probably with con siderable loss of life. We have no intelligence what ever with regard to the loss of life, but we have in telligence that the loss of property must have been great and grievous. It has been assumed that Ad-. miral Kuper and the gallant sailors under him wil fully bombarded a defenceless town, and destroyed the property of its innocent inhabitants. Now, it becomes me, us a brother officer who may be said to represent them in this country, or, at all events, in the House of Commons, to explain to you that the loss of property, through the dreadful conflagration which occurred on that occasion, was not due to any intention of the Admiral or the officers and sailors of the fleet, whose whoh a o d nl b y e o e b n j g ec u t il w ty as o t f o t p h u e nsh the m i urder insolent o f a n E nDaimioEnglish man. i sh. man. The action was precipitated by the forts of the Daimio commencing to open fire on the British ships. It a° happened that it blew a very heavy gale of wind at the time, and my brother sailors around me will easily understand that in the midst of a furious storm, with a heavy sea running, and on a lee shore, it was a very arduous enterprise that this small squadron, with its handful of men, had to perform. (Hear, hear.) Well, they performed their duty nobly; and I am suro that had it not been for the dreadful sea running, and the conse quent unsteadiness of the platforms of the guns, the fire of our ships would have been confined to the forts which belonged to the Prince, and would not have extended to the town which lay in their rear. (Hear, hear.) lam certain that any damage then unfortunately done to the property or the lives of the innocent townspeople is deplored as much by the Admiral commanding that squadron, and every officer and man in it, as by the Government or the public of this country. (Hear, hear.) I have thought it only due to those gallant men to endeavour to vin dicate their honour from a charge which to us sailors is one of the most grievous that can be brought against us—namely, that of inhumanity—(hear, hear)—because I may say both of the army and navy of this country, that if there is any marked characteristic of Englishmen it is their humanity in warfare. (Hear, hear.) Gentlemen, I have an other observation to make on a point which I believe is of some interest. We watch the con struction of our ships with the greatest anxiety, and in the event of any disaster arising the public naturally feels great alarm. Now, with regard to the late accident which befel the Prince Consort— one of our new iron clad ships—l may explain that she did not suffer in the least degree from the storm which she unfortunately encountered. It is but fair towards the gallant officers and men who were on board of her to state that nothing but the coolness, the judgment, the skill, and the bravery which they displayed saved that magnificent ship and all their lives. (Hear.) The story of that ship may be told in a few words. And, surrounded as I am by men accustomed to a seafaring life, I am sure you will readily understand me when I say that the accident occurred in consequence of the vessel, when caught in a very strong gale with a very heavy sea, having had to run in the trough of the sea, and having also shipped a great deal more water than was safe for her. The moment she was brought to the wind, and under easy canvass, no ship in the navy could have behaved better than she did. (Hear, hear.) Tnese are circumstances which should be known to the public, in order that you may not lose confidence, but that, on the contrary, you may feel what I honestly entertain myself—viz., an en tire conviction that these ironcased ships are safe for navigating in every sea. Nay, more, a feat was perierwed by the Prince Consort which was never performed by any man-af-war before. She was driven in the teeth of the gale during the fiercest part of the tempest at the rate of eight knots, head to wind, through the sea. Well, that was a good trial of the ship; and I can assure you that you may rest confident that in these ironplated ships, whet her built of wood or of iron, you have got a magnificent fleet, which is perfectly fit to keep the seas in any weather. (Hear, hear.) I have only another re mark to make. You have drunk "The Health of the Army, the Navy, end the Volunteers." Nave, I think the time has arrived when, on these festive occasions, you should not forget another force, which I can assure you is becoming one of the most im portant and most efficient branches of our service. I mean the Naval Reserve. (Hear, hear.) I dwell upon this, because that force has been growing up quietly, and not in the view of the public, like our magnificent Volunteers. The men have been regu larly undergoing their training, and we have now between 16,000 and 17,000 of the first seamen of this country, who are admirably drilled and ready for service whenever they may be required. The Royal Naval Reserve, therefore, has become a national institution which should not be overlooked at social gatherings like the present. (Cheers.) And not only have we this large body of seamen, but we have also about 150 officers, the cream of the mer chant service, who have voluntarily come forward and accepted the rank of lieutenant and sub-lieu tenant in this valuable new force without any re muneration whatever, and who, at considerable labour and inconvenience to themselves, practice the great gun drill and all those requirements with which it is absolutely necessary for any officer who intends to be of any real service to his country to be acquainted. (Cheers.) The Earl of Leitrim and the Lord Lieutenant. The Earl of Leitrim has forwarded the subjoined letter to each of the jurors who tried the case of the Queen v. Murphy : " Lough Itynn, Milill, Nov. 10, 1863. " Mr. Robert Holmes and Gentlemen,—Au extraordi nary misrepresentation has been extensively circulated through the newspapers to the effect that the cause of my dissatisfaction with the Earl of Carlisle proceeded from the verdict which you, as jurors, agreed to on the trial of ilautes Murphy, at the Spring Assizes of this county, in 1 , 1 i.: 3 year 1861, and asserting that I have complained of the Earl of Carlisle's conduct because of your verdict. This is t, "iltrue, and entirely without foundation. The unfor 131ate lean whose name has been thus unwarrantably dm., a before seZ, the world fired at me in Mohill, on the 15th the so poii ,, t re c; 1860, and was immediately arrested by the numerous 4 1 complainin uthezpre 9th of January, 1861, there was a very respect a bl e meeting of the inhabitants of ant C erta in of this county, to petition Parliament, the peace and. e ___Tia grievances therein stated, affecting January, 1861, 7 l w rare requesting that of this county. On the 26th of wa, ruld be present at the opening of he rote a letter to the Earl of Carlisle, of _intention to complain of his Parliament, as A y aualrlisle acknowledged the re conduct. The earl a further notice to the Januaryceipt of 2 th 9 i t a h, n l o B ti G c l e . , b I adatettt,ter dated Dublin Castle, wcalid th ih , 1861, informing him 2,o7:ebr j u a a r: 181, mt I s f p ar e ra cia er l B co a m na pl i a n i h n a ts . Earl of Carlisle, dated Feb lo r ryth a res that pecting h hi s 2 o t h a n i d n u s t e a t ! t sopuetthiteiornn,psairgntoldthe county of L 81 ; a y 1 2 :ilk e 8 following, lurphy and at the same time made th e o the Ib p li r to e au s n e s n tes t oo e f d f Lt t ho h er e ds, p g l a i v e e e n u n n t o i t l i c t o h . e sth o o f trmiaalrocth ne t e comet o did f notwhich tape a d think the'. the defence of that unfortunat e man ~,aac I dusted in a most gentlemanlike and inoffensive manner. ° ni am of opinion that your verdict was honest, conscientious and humane. I never have com p lained of that verdict, 0), of the manner in which the trial was conducted. —I am, gentlemen, your obedient servan t, " LEITRINt." 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If "sensation headings" were not of such questionable taste I might have put at the top of my letter, " Through the Brigand Districts," for, as regards distance, three fourths at least of the road that Foggia to Naples passes through the country infested by these gentry; while, as regards the actual time employed to make the journey, during fire-sixths of it you meet everywhere preparations against brigands, and you bear of nothing but Caruso, It is the only and exclusive topic of which you hear in this latitude from the Adriatic right across to the Mediterranean. There is, after all, nothing like prudent boldness to strike the imagination of mankind. It is more effective than downright courage and bravery, for it knows better how to avoid catastrophes. Thus you see in the present case a handful of men, belonging to the dregs of the people, keep • ing whole provinces in a state of alarm, driving the autho rities almost to despair, fatiguing whole regiments of horse and foot, acquiring the prestige of popular heroes and a European notoriety simply because their own heels and those of their Apulian ponies are fleeter than those of their town of Foggia. pursuers, Read any of the stories of encounters with the troops, and the result of a fight for hours will be a couple of brigands' horses left behind because lame, and some cloaks because too heavy. If by chance some one is killed among the brigands, it is almost sure to be one of their women, who evidently have more courage than the men, But let them have a chance of finding themselves un opposed in a solitary masseria or farmhouse among old men and women, or let them find on the road a sick soldier or two being taken to the hospitals, and there will be a mas sacre and mutilation so savage that the whole country for miles round will ring with the deed. It will be matter of gossip for weeks, and strike such terror into a population already not very bravo by nature that every one will be ready to obey any order which may emanate from these running heroes. This is certainly a safe way to immortality. It was a good idea to take advantage of the opening of the railway to Foggia to induce the King to visit the disturbed districts, and the greater is the pity that the jour ney was so hurried. The loss of a few days in such a case might have saved many lives and a great deal of trouble. It is difficult enough to know those with whom we are most intimate, how much more a population which has been kept in systematic barbarism and abjectness, which understands none of our ideas and motives, looks at every thing it does not understand with suspicion, and has a code of morals, or, if I may so say, of immorals, quite revolting according to our notions ? It is useless to expect that the superiority of our own ideas will assert itself by miracle. You must study the idiosyncracy of the people, have patience, and find out a lever by which you can work to wards regeneration. Now, as with all people long oppressed, the great mania, above all with Southern Italians, is begging and complaining. The Duke has it as much as the labourer and the begger in the streets. So inveterate is the mania that begging is practised as much for the sake of beg ging and bringing forward grievances as for the sake of obtaining something by it. The ,man wants to be listened to, and if he finds sympathy he goes away satisfied. Now, the first Royal visit to these out-of the-way places was just the occasion for humouring this mania, and to show that those judged falsely who created the belief that Royalty takes no interest in these Southern provinces. Like children, the inhabitants of the district through which the Royal journey was to take place had prepared for the occa sion, and were ready to show themselves off in the most favourable light. There was the excitement of novelty, so unusual in these remote parts, besides the vague hope that something might be gained by the Royal journey. They had come in from all sides, at least, to see the king, they had prepared their most choice dainties to offer them to him, and they found the King gone before they arrived, and their dainties remaining behind untouched. Although little more than 60 miles by the milestones, the journey from Foggia to Avellino, where the King was to stop for the night, take 12 to 1 5 hours, owing to the moun tainous nature of the country. It was therefore necessary to start early, if the programme was to be observed. There was no difficulty about this, for early hours are much more to the taste of Victor Emmanuel than late ones. Before starting, the National Guard, which had been collected from all the surrounding districts, had to be passed in review. It was to have been done the day before, but the arrival having taken place at night, the review was deferred till next morning about 7. If there is one thing which strikes you more than any. thing else about the South of Italy, it is the development o the National Guard. From the time we entered the old Neapolitan boundary at Foce del Trento, passing along the coast towards Fuggia and thence across the mountain down to Naples, we must have seen at the very least 30,000 or 40,000 National Guards. If you looked among the crowd, right or left, you scarcely saw an able-bodied man unless a priest or some functionary. All the men were there, armed and arrayed in rank and file. You could not help remem bering the telling arguments of Mr. Gladstone in last year's debate about Italian affairs. Buiely no sane man can talk of disaffection where every man is armed, and the only dis turbance that is heard of proceeds from 30 or 40 desperate individuals in one district. Indeed, unless we take the National Gu ,rd as a political demonstration in the South, it has little meaning otherwise, With rare exceptions, they are useless for any real service, and no more ridiculous dis play for the citizen soldier can be:imagined than the great mass of these Nationals. In all the larger towns they have indeed some sort of uniform ; in country places little is found even of this. But whether provided or not provided with the uniform, they are certainly not strong in disci pline or drill, and were it not that there is a foolish notion on the Continent that the citizen soldier is the guardian of political liberty, and were there not a law in Italy organi s i ng the National Guard, these worthy men mightbe sent h ome w i t h out any one l os i ng by it, except some young men fond of uniforms; the great mass would be only too delighted. The bourgeois National Guard has always been a subject of ridicule, and can never be anything else. The only good feature in the institution is that the law enables the Government to call out volun teers from the ranks of the National Guard, and form them int, mobilized battalions, which are drilled, subjected to military discipline, and may be sent to any portion of the Italian territory. They have more than once been found of service in an emergency, while the regular troops were re quired in other parts; for instance, in 1859 and 1860, dur ing the war in Lombardy and Southern Italy. The review of the Nationals at Foggia did not take long, for before 8 a,m, the King had started, accompanied only by his suite and the Ministers. Even the foreign Ministers who had come to Foggia, had to wait for a couple of hours —that is, the time required for the King to arrive at the first relay. All the post horses and carriages had been en gaged by the authorities for the service of the King, others had been hired, and even postboys had been sent for from Naples for the occasion; yet with all this tbere was a great want of means of conveyance, in a district where there is usually only one mail coach a day, which takes the bags. Another difficulty was the insecurity of the road, although it is quite a month since anything has been heard of Caruso, The mail coach is always accompanied by an escort, and so are all the travellers who take a post chaise. As it would have been impossible to give separate escorts to each car riage all had to wait and were despatched in one convoy, which started about 10 in the morning. Before leaving Foggia I must say something about the place. The town, which is situated in the middle of the plain of Apulia, is the capital of the province of Capitanata, and has the pretension of being the most important centre on the eastern s l o p es o f t h e Appen i nes . It boasts of hav ing received and en t erta i ne d many a King who came to fetch his Queen ; not that you are to suppose that even Neapolitan Kings had such bad taste as to choose the partners of their thrones among the distressingly plain women of the place, but as they often intermarried with Austrian princesses, and these were sent from Trieste by sea to Manfredonia, the Kings came to Foggia to meet them. But even putting these past glories aside, Foggia has a considerable importance for the eastern por tion of the old Neapolitan territory. Secluded as all this part of the kingdom is from the capital, it has preserved a character and a life of its own ; only a few of its nobility could be attracted to reside at Naples, the others preferred being lords in their own territory to being about the Court —and lords they were, and are still up to a certain point, for there are more traces of the old feudal system remaining hero than in any other part of the kingdom of Naples. Special laws and privileges regulate the tenure of property, keeping up the traditions of the past with all its drawbacks. You have only to take a stroll about the town to be aware of this. It consists of two streets of substantial houses, with fine rooms, well furni:hed, and a number of by-streets, ex clusively composed of wretched hovels—one long wall pierced by arched doors, and, above, a circular window. The circular window lets out the smoke, and the door serves as the entrance to a single small room, in which the family of the agricultural labourer dwells —men, women, children, fowls, not to forget the pig. This latter is an important, if not the most important, member of the Apulian household, and dearer to the inmates of the room than any other thing it contains. I heard a characteristic story as to this which is worth repeating. A detachment of troops in close pursuit of the brigands passed near one of these hovels, inhabited by the family of a labourer, and the officer, who knew that the brigands must have passed by, asked where they had e pl ea gone. " Non saccie" ("I don't know") was tho answer, accompanied by every assurance of the truth of the Gospel that it was the fact, The officer, growing impatient, threat enedh to kill the man. The threat had no effect, He seized theldsof the san and had a picket told off to shoot him. Still it is, according to two, and certainly thel he threatened tired soldiers T not only g ave th the way, to of have i ignorance . a t n h c e e pig . AAt l e a u s t t , u struck nyr roasted brightsted ffor idea,r his The threat produced its effect, and the man all l onder at this tenderness for the pig, for y.I doae,trequired information, but actually showed ment of medical lower classes surpasses e than at Naples. It is the country ; most of the buitili houses, with considerab i l appearance, the cleaner animal of the men, zst corrupt. According to the state which are usually inhabited by ti a l : agricultural : o rn u o tt r s ali . ty existing among the rare el belief. lam told it is worse population is crowded in th ill e . t I have doocribecl, This crowding t o see cottages or hovels about outbuildings large farms or coun trybdaijorgs attached to them, The mass of the owns in the man nergether produces the MONDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 23, 1863. effect of so many large prisons, where the worst and most desperate characters always acquire the greatest influence, and keep the others in a state of terror and servitude. But I have tarried long enough in the town of Foggia, so let us start. Our convoy consisted of five carriages, three of which were heavy mail coaches. The contents were a mix ture from all parts of the universe, which did not diminish the interest of the journey—on the contrary, The sun shone out brightly, the postillions had the orthodox costume which you see on the stage when " Fra Diavolo" is acted, and which you see in every picture that represents a desperate encaunter with brigands in large beards and pointed hats. The six ponies which were attached to the carriages stepped out merrily, and off we went in good humour even with the As you get out of the town you see before you what seems one large plain, as even as a billiard table, up to the moun tains in the distance. In many places the green crops are peeping out of the loam, the white oxen are labouring in the heavy soil, here and there a large white farm building is visible, and the two-wheeled carts of the country, drawn by two or more mules, are going towards the town. It looks a perfect picture of peace, and you can scarcely be lieve that you are in the vicinity of the brigand district. which you have been travelling h change ; that plain which looked . twehoerse evente, o y bu four goibns m se r i ty l o e e s r , i as e i gentle curves, which all take their direction towards the plain—the signs of culti vation cease abruptly, and as far as the eye can see there is nothing visible but coarse grass and weeds, not a tree, and scarcely a bush a foot high. You have reached the Tavo lierre delle Puglie (the table-laud of Apulia). An old law forbids the ploughing up of any portion of it or even the planting of a tree—the whole tract, which is many miles in extent, is reserved for pasturage. It is the breeding grourd of the small but wiry Apulian horse, mostly black or dark sles, high in the withers, with the that he de s c en ded from the barb. g bay, nom aanlitntolesel—onagllinstighne They are all left to run about loose in troops under charge of the herdsman and his dog--the famous white sheepdog of the Appennines, strong enough to be a match for a wolf. Besides horses, sheep are bred on the Tavoliere—not the small black sheep of the mountains, but a tall animal re • sembling the Cheviots. Next to horses and sheep the Tavoliere produces brigands. It is a mistake to suppose that this produce is new—it has al ways existed more or less, only the,world did not know it. No better ground for preparing a razzia on some farmhouse in the plain can be imagined than this table-land, which slopes so gently that from the higher parts you can discern every object in the distance, while its undulations, which are no impediment to a gallop, are still sufficient to hide the movements of a small body of horsemen who are in ambuscade. As you proceed the ground becomes higher and rougher, little bushes begin to show, the undulations be come by degrees greater, and by the time you have passed the first station of Pozzo d'Alb e t o you go up an d down steep inclines covered with oak coppice. and a good number of young trees standing out among it. As the Tavoliere is the ground for the offensive, these hill spurs, covered with dense young woods, are the ground for the defensive operations of the brigands. They are ex clusively inhabited by wood cutters and charcoal burners, who, together with the shepherds, form the classes from which the brigands are usually recruited. This ground is of considerable extent, for from the road where you are these woods stretch towards the north in one line for at least 60 miles, where they reach the sea near the river Frontone.:They pass in the vicinity of I roya, Lucera, and San Severe, three towns which have acquired a certain notoriety:of late on that account. You have only to look at the place round you to understand the difficulty following people who know every inch of the ground. A few steps are enough to lose all trace. Already before we left the plain we met a squadron of Hussars, who were going back towards the town. The sta tion-house of Pozze d'Albeto was garrisoned by a company of regulars, and as we proceeded we found almost every large building on the road similarly tenanted, and detach. ments of foot and, above all, horse patrolling along the road. Passing at Ponte Boxino over one of the feeders of the Cervara you come into a new ceuntry, You are in the valley of the main stream of the Cervara. The mountains rise in steep slopes, and you wind your way upwards on the left bank towards the pass of Ariano. There is little trace of life, except one or two towns perched on the mountains, which appear and disappear at every turn of the road. From all these out-of-the-way places the National Guards, and in some instances even the population, had come to greet the King on his passage, and they were still there to cheer us on our passage. At Montagato the real ascent of the pass begins, and with it began our miseries. The horses, which had already served for the King's passage, began to show signs of dis tress, besides which many of the hired horses, all of which were restive and not accustomed to work in company, seemed inclined to jib, so that when we got to Ariano at nightfall one of the carriages had remained behind in a quagmire, and horses had to be sent to fetch it. This was so much the more awkward as there was a lady iu the car riage, and as about Ariano the unsafekt part of tho, road begins, Ariano can boast of having been the first town which planted the standard of reaction. Two days after the entrance of Garibaldi into Naples the news arrived that Ariano and Avellino had declared against the new state of things, and a small force had to be sent there to put down the move ment, which the bishop headed. The movement was insig nificant, but had to be dealt with at once, on account of the position of Ariano, which, being situated on the watershed of the Appenines, commands the only practicable road which leads from the eastern provinces of the Capitanata and the t Terra di Bari to Naples. It is the very type of a town in Appenines—perched up like an ea g l e ' s nes t o n the side of the mountain, most of the houses being partly cut into the rock. The population derives considerable benefit from the traffic between the eastern plains and the western slopes, and has a reputation for not being among the weakest of mortals, Certain it is that it seems quite a race apart from all those dwelling east and west; for, while these latter, both in Apulia and in the Terra di Lavoro and the Princi pato Ultra, are hut wretched specimens of humanity, the people of Ariano are a fine race—the women reminding one rather of the Roman than the Neapolitan type. NVhile we were waiting for the carriage which had re mained behind I amused myself talking to some women who were about the place where we changed horses. They were at first a little shy, but were soon made confident by a shin ing silver coin, and vied with each other to tell me their impressions of the King's passage. They had seen him well, as he had to pass close by, and thought his mous tachios very long. But of what they thought and spoke most were the choice refreshments which the bishop had prepared in his palace in the upper town. Again and again they came back to the subject, lamenting that they had been thrown away, and evidently thinking they had suffered a kind of slight. It was the same all along the road. Those who had succeeded in inducing the King to take something were quite proud, while those who had not been equally fortunate were sorely disappointed. Before even?the horses were put to, 10 carabineers made their appearance. They were our escort. We were ap proaching the worst part of the road. Caruso was last heard of in the neighbourhood of Benevento, the old Papal pro. vines enclosed within the Neapolitan territory, and which has been conspicuous for brigandage above all other points. Benevento lies on the main stream of the Volturno, and this main stream, as well as most of its feeders, takes its rise on the western slopes about Ariano, and has to be passed on the road to Naples. For the next three stations Grotto Minardi, Dentecani, and Avellino—extra precautions had to be taken to guard against a possible flank march of Caruso. The apprehensions must have been greatest about the last two of these stations, for instead of ten carabineers we had a squadron of cavalry for our escort. We had lost about two hours at Ariano, and it was past 8 o'clock before we started in military order, with all the precautions usual in face of the enemy—two carabineers ahead as eclaireurs, four on the sides, and four behind as arriere guard, together with the brigadier. The postilions were told to keep together. This was easier said than done, for we had r carcely moved 100 yards when the heavy mail coach, in which 1 was, came to a dead stop. One pair of horses would not go on. All the coaxing and " ah's" pro duced no more effect than beating, for when we moved a few yards we soon came to a stop again. The postilions got down and changed the horses, but all to no purpose ; we were steadily remaining behind the other carriages. And all this was down hill, which was a pleasant lookout for the steep incline we had before us to surmount. Time after time the other caeriages had to stop, and by dint of united exertions we kept up again for a time. At last we were but a mile from the station, but one half of that mile was a hard pull, and after having got up halfway we came to a decided dead stop. The other carriages had gone on, and there we were in the middle of the road, and at the bottom of the slope on the other side was the bridge over the main source of the Volturno, one of the haunts of Caruso, However, there was nothing for it but patience. A carabineer was despatched to the post-station to fetch horses, and we were left the choice to make our reflections or to talk with a talkative cerabineer whose very first word loft no doubt about his being a "Naholidan." The said carabineer being what is called a blagueur, and not an amusing ono either, my reflections took me back to the struggle we had to make the horses go on. It was a picture in miniature of the great struggle to make the Southern districts go on. There were the Neapolitan pos tilions indulging from time to time in a frantic effort, shout ing their "talc's" in all keys, whipping the horses which were drawing, and forgetting those which did draw, and after a few seconds giving up the job in despair, and stand ing there silent pictures of despair. On the other hand there were those who had to command, suspecting that it was ill will on the part of the postilions and horses, and that possi bly it was a prearranged thing, cursing and swearing at the postilions and at all the race in the country indiscriminately; and there were, finally, the carabineers, with the exception of the talkative one all strangers, showing an apathy which seemed at first difficult to understand. It is the same in the great struggle to civilise the South. There are the people expected to emerge as if by magic out of the abjectness in which it has lived for centuries. It makes a short effort, and, of course, does not succeed. The authorities try to show their energy by storming, which makes matters worse, for it produces obstinacy on the other side. At last, exhausted by the useless effort, the autho rities take the view of the carabineers, and give up the job of making the people do more than they can do, and I sometimes despair even of making them do what they can do. A great many of the difficulties are owing to this ignorance of the character of the people. The Neapolitan requires a firm hand, but it must be smooth not rough, while in many cases the functionaries from the north had not sufficient self-control for this. They showed their im patience, which was excusable enough, but ought to have been overcome ; they lost their control, and after struggling for some time they are overcome by the vis inertia which they encounter. While we wet e waiting for the horses a "chi ra la" re sounded from the bottom of the slope. It was rather ex citing ; the carabineers, reduced to three, unslung their carbines and answered " Carabiniere," on which the steps of a body of men were heard, and soon after a squadriglia of volunteers, organised by the commune, made its appear ance. They had seen the lights of the mail coach immov able, and suspecting there was something wrong, came up to assist. Soon after more effectual assistance came—namely, the fresh horses. They were put to, and we got up the in cline. When at the top every one, fatigued by the long delay, reclined with satisfaction. W e w,re trotting merrily down hill, when lo I there was a rocking, and down we came on our side with a crash. The postillions and every ono else, delighted with the performance up hill, had for gotten to put on the drag, and the carriage upset in full trot. Fortunately, it was on the side of a bank, so not much harm was done except a good shake. Having aseer tained that no bones had been broken, a carbineer was sent to fetch another carriage from the station, but before it arrived our united efforts had succeeded in righting the heavy conveyance, which was strong enough not to have suffered by the upsetting. You ought to have seen those Neapolitans how they worked with a good will ; some of the passengers who knew them had taken them in hand. In the next two stages, supposed to be the most dan gerous ones, all went smoothly, and by 8 o'clock we reached Avellino in a drizzling rain just in time to see the King start for Naples, by Nola. We went in his wake. All along the road the towns and even villages were decorated and festooned, triumphal arches at their entrance, the people, with tolerable clean faces, crowding the streets, and the National Guard arranged in large numbers both in the towns and along the road. It seems a mystery that a district so close to a large town like Naples should be so far behind in everything, yet it has net improved under the new rule ; the houses are still the old ruins they were, and the people apparently not better off than they were. The reason seems to be that the district is too crowded, and that there is no possibility of inducing a man to leave his country and seek occupation elsewhere. However miserable, these people have an affec tion for their hills, which can barely feed them. It is the social problem which turns up at every step in these provinces. About noon we reached the station of Nola, where a special train had just gone with the King. By a strange coincidence, the name of the engine which took him was Garibaldi. An hour after we were at Naples, SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS SATURDAY REVIEW.—The pcsition of monetary affairs, though free from any immediately alarming symptoms, has attained a gravity which was scarcely appreciated when the sudden rise in the Bank rate of discount took place. The general idea that pre vailed at the first moment was that a merely local deficiency of bullion would be speedily made good under the influence of higher prices, We know now thee the disturbance is of a more general, and there fore of a more important character, and that there is no probability of an early return to the easy rates which prevailed a month ago. As yet, the measures of the Bank of England have not done more than enabled it to hold its ground, and no other result could be looked for when the pressure for money is more decided in many foreign capitals than it is in London. At Frankfort, the rate of discount has ad vanced 3 per cent. in a few weeks. The Bank of France has long been losing money at a serious rate, and is charging 7 per cent. At Turin, the same terms are demanded, and in all the German markets a similar tendency is not less distinctly visible. To a certain extent, the speculations as to political pro spects may have added their influence to aggravate the rise in the value of money, but, as on most other occasions, it will probably be found that the terms on which business is conducted are mainly governed by commercial considerations. When the Emperor of the French is unusually active in the pursuit of universal peace, and the Northern Americans are more eager than ever in their peculiar efforts to establish fraternal union, it is not wonderful that the world should feel uneasy, or that the prevalent anxiety should be reflected in the action of the money market. Still, the main cause of a general increase in the demand for money must lie deeper than any of those vague apprehensions of future trouble from which we have seldom been free since the restoration of the Bonaparte dynasty. And it is not surprising that money should be scarcer than it was, notwithstanding the steady supplies of gold that continue to pour in from Calfornie, Australia, and Columbia. Almost every country in Europe has been spending unwonted sums upon military preparations, while in America the great greenback revolution has probably set free less of the precious metals than a gigantic war and an artificial pros perity have absorbed. Not only gold, but—what is far more important—capital, is being squandered, in the unproductive outlay of war and preparations for war, with a lavish recklessness which has per haps never been surpassed. At the same time, a great expansion of trade has taken place, which may be traced as visibly in the Customs returns of France and other countries as in our own. Cotton, it is true, is not imported in much more than halt the quantities to which we were accustomed before the interruption of the American supply, but it needs more capital to deal in 2,000,C00 bales at 2s, a pound than in 4,000,000 at a quarter of that price. Nor is this the whole case, for it is beyond a doubt that, tide by side with a very vigorous activity in the formation of new companies, and an unusually strong disposition to invest in foreign stocks, there is going on a serious amount of gambling in the cotton market. In the earlier railway days, one of the favourite forms of commercial speculation was the purchase and sale of imaginary iron. Contracts to deliver a certain number of tons of rails were bought and sold, again and again, by operators who had no more desire to be the possessors of that useful description of goods than to sink their capital in wooden n utmegs. The same kind of transactions war e resumed during the Irish famine in the form of purchases of grain, and it appears that enor mous transactions are now going on in contracts for the purchase of cotton to arrive. In all these cases, just as in the ancient tulip mania, the sub ject of purchase is valued only for its capacity of fluctuation. Anything which rapidly changes its mar ket value will serve equally well as the vehicle for speculative dealings, whether it is bulb or a share, an iron rail or a bale of cotton. For the present, cotton is king of the speculative market, and, in addition to the necessary absorption of capital by reason of the high prices of the commodity, we have an aggravation of the evil in the spurious demand for mere gambling purposes. The wholesome ac tivity of some branches of trade and the unhealthy development of others combine to swell that gene ral demand for money which is sensibly felt throughout the world. It is not likely that these , tendencies will change very rapidly unless the pres sure should be greatly increased; and there is yet another circumstance to be borne in mind which points still in the same direction. The most im portant addition to our transactions at the present time is, perhaps, in the Indian trade, and, from the nature and habits of the people of India, that is a branch of commerce which locks up more money than almost any other. India is a growing coun try as well as a hoarding country, and on both ac counts it has a tendency to retain a very large pro portion of the bullion that flows into it. More money is really wanted t, - iere to keep pace with the increase of business, and what money India has is not economised as it is in more highly civilised countries. It would be curious if we were able to measure the comparative amount of work done by equal values of specie in different parts of the globe, but, though no approximation to an exact estimate can be made, it is certain that the transfer of bul lion to a country like India effects a great diminu tion in its efficiency, and is precisely equivalent for the time to the total destruction of a certain per centage of the precious metals available for the use of the world. With so many forces at work in one direction, it is no wonder that one national bank after another should be compelled to raise its rate of discount, and it would be unreasonable to expect any very early or rapid recovery. We have been anxious not to underate the real gra vity of the existing state of affairs; but at the same time there are reassuring circumstances which en courage the expectation that England will not be the first to feel any serious increase of pressure which may possibly be impending. If the general character of trade throughout the world is on a reasonably sound basis, the mere fact that the rate of interest is higher than usual will cause no im portant mischief. We have seen the Bank rate rise to 8 per cent. and recover itself in a comparatively short time, not only without suffering but without alarm, and the only thing which ever warrants anxiety on this ground is the possibility that some where among the wide ramifications of commerce there may be a rotten spot capable of spreading itso contagion through the world. On the occahsinotnthef the last serious crisis, it was from .America infection spread, and it is so far satistacftory to t know otton must that the war which has deprived u e erican have so limited our transactions wshe itte manyisk of continent as to remove to a . r a recurrence of the same u pointed at just now e h e o v a i ll g l i b e n e a fl t e e x n ce Nor is there any other country a h I s e as likely to converwt. s light scarcity of money into the dimensions of a panic. anything approaching there is the great fact of a And. beyond all this ma,,nificent harvebt to counteract, in this country, at any rate, the tendency towards higher fates. It is very likely that India and other countries may draw away a larger share of our money than they have hitherto done, and that a continuance of high rates will be required to maintain egnilibrium at home. Notwithstanding the ambiguoas aeaurances of the official organ, it is difficult to see how a French loan can be much longer deferred,and there may be other calls quite sufficient to prevent money from becoming just at present as plentiful as it was a month or two back, But we have more than ordinary resources to set against any threatened drain. We shall have far less than usual of imported corn to pay for, and it may well be calculated that there will be abundant strength to sustain any demands that may come upon this country, in the absence of any special check or dis turbance in the course of crimmorcial affairs. A period of diminished buoyancy is not of necessity an evil time. In its ultimate effects, it is often the best financial tonic that can be administered, and the ayunptoms which have as yet revealed them selves point rather to a bracing commercial atmo sphere than to a nipping frost. if this should prove th© true reading of the signs of the times, the moderate increase which has taken place in the stringency of the market should rather be welcomed as a wholesome influence than dreaded as the pos sible precursor of greater severity in store. For once, the mote hopefal seems to be the sounder judgment. EXAMlNER.—Christian IX. has ascended the throne of the united principalities of Denmark, Slesvig, and Holstein. His title to the triple sceptre, like that of the First George who bore rule in these kingdoms, is founded in constitutional right, ratified by public law. Like Qaeen Anne the late Sove reign died without issue, and passing over the direct heir in the male line, the crown, by a previous act of settlement, devolved on a relative whom the estates of the realm had long recognised as the ex pectant sovereign. Then, as now, a claim was set up in contravention of law and right,la claim founded on the bare principle of legitimacy, and impugning that which constitutes the foundation of all regal authority in modern times—the consent of the governed. Curiously enough, a doubt was cast in the former case as in the latter, upon the validity of the pretender's claim to be his father's princely heir. The Prince of Wales, born 1688, was for party purposes, at the time, said to be suppositious though nobody of sense or candour long believed the table ; and nobody pretending to correct his toric information now wastes a thought upon whet was unquestionably a mere slander. The pre sent Duke 01 Augustenburg was confessedly born in wedlock, and about his parentage there is no dispute. But his mother became his father's wife by a morganatic marriage, that is to say, she was not of the sovereign caste; and according to the tenets of German Toryism, youth, beauty, virtue, and con stancy cannot cure the congenital defect of inferior blood, The Duchess of Augustenburg's family be longed to the class which in England we call the gentry; and her children were therefore not re garded as capable of inheriting any of the preroga tives or privileges of Divine Right. The late Duke was reminded officially of the fact by the Ministers before be signed the treaty of 1852, in which the succession to the Danish crown was solemnly de clared, and morally guaranteed by six of the prin cipal Powers of Europe, to be vested in the colla teral branch of Glucksburg. This. like all other distinctions of the kind, we utterly discard as worse than worthless, inasmuch as they tend to raise a false issue, and to divert popular attention from the only one worth trying or determining. We men tion the circumstance only to illustrate the parity of the two cases even in points unessential. If hereditary right, founded in the feudal law of primogeniture, could have determined the possession of the British throne, James 111. was undoubtedly the legitimate King of England, Ireland, and Scot land, and George I. was a usurper. But if, by a solemn and deliberate act of the Legislature, passed in the lifetime of the preceding monarch, with the full assent of the Government, a descendant of ancient royalty through the female line might be preferred, then the Elector of Hanover was our rightful and lawful sovereign, and the son of James 11. was but a pretender. And so in the instance actually before us. Christian IX. comes of a younger branch of the Ducal house of Holstein ; and Prince Frederick is ad mittedly the male representative of the elder. We raise no special pleas about his mother's mar riage, or the validity of his father's renuncia tion of his claims on his own behalf and that of his son. These were miserable grounds on which to come to a decision respecting the government of an important territory lying in the very heart of Christendom, and inhabited by a community fit to be free. Duke Frederick is a pretender, because he sets up his personal pretensions against, the will of the people and against the laws of the land. That is our only objection to him. But if it is not held to be fatal, then Victor Emmanuel is a usurper, Isabella 11. is not Queen of Spain, and Henry V. is lord of France and Navarre. The public law and the civilisation of modern Europe must be abandoned as untenable fictions, based on a tissue of impudent frauds, and upon nothing else, if the Ducal crown of Holstein can be claimed by virtue of mere descent on the part of the Duke of Augustenburg. The for mation of every constitutional government is brought into question, if the title of Christian IX. be impeached. It is said, however, that a partition of the Danish monarchy would satisfy his Serene Highness; and that provided Holstein and Lauen burg be handed over to him, he would be content to allow his remote relative to rule at Copenhagen. We have very little doubt that his ex-Majesty of Naples would cheerfully agree to a like bargain with Victor Emmanuel, and we dare say the heir of Don Carlos would come to similar terms with his cousin who reigns at the Escurial. But here the voice of international justice and policy makes itself heard, and declares that it is not for the common weal that the united provinces which have composed the Danish monarchy for generations should be dissevered for any purpose whatsoever, least of all for a purpose so ridiculous as that of creating a new principality for a gentleman of ambitious tastes, but whose merits and talents are utterly unknown to mankind. If Duke Frederick, by bravery, eloquence, or the specific genius for rule, had convinced the Slesvigers, Hol steiners, and Danes that he was likely to make them a better king than his cousin Christian, they would probably have resolved to give him a trial, and we should have had nothing to say about the matter. But we have much to say on our own account and on that of our neighbours against the disruption of any of the secondary States of Europe, which have hitherto shown themselves able to maintain with honour and integrity an independent existence. We only wish there were more of them, and that they were stronger, for undoubtedly they are already too weak and too few. The integrity and independence of Sweden, Denmark, Holland, and Belgium are in dispensable to the liberty of Northern Europe. Let one link of the chain be broken, and the maintenance of the remainder will become difficult, if not useless. Prussia does not conceal her lust for aggrandisement, and there is nothing in her way to a seaboard on the Atlantic but free and gallant Denmark. Her advance ment westward would inevitablybe followed by that of Russia, which has already absorbed one third of the Swedish monarchy, and which, with or without the aid of her Prussian henchman, would then absorb the rest. And when these things had been done, who would say to the aggressive ruler of France, hitherto shalt thou come and no further. Fortunately for the peace of Europe, the Courts of Paris, St. Petersburg, and Berlin, took part in the treaty settlement of 1852, which bars all attempts at a partition of Den mark. The present ministers of Prussia are indeed capable, we believe, of any inconsistency or folly that can he imagined ; and we are sorry to be com pelled to think that, upon the particular point under consideration, a numerous section of German Libe rals are but too well disposed to encourage them in an anti-Danish policy. But on the part of this coun try there is no room for parley or hesitation, We have paid too dear a price for the shameful and cowardly acquiescence of our fathers in one signal act of partition, and we are in no mood to be duped or bullied into assenting to another. LONDON REVlEW.—Amongst the episodical in cidents of the war now raging in America there is one of peculiar interest, as it involves the probable solution of a vexed problem in the philosophy of race. The question of the capacity of t he negro for military service has been raised in a practical form. As is well known, the Federal p art y has arseadsoly. had recourse to the employment of negroesof men of a diers, and regiments entirely composed i n a ctual war that complexion have been e n g also been inti like operations; while an i n tention s of truing that experiment on the larg est scale at the man y qualities pbae p b il lut put to t o u f ab decisive eari ng a t r e m st s . mated by the authori ties of the h Southern States. It is therefore no t unlikely th l o w f it t h he effi ne c g ie r n o, cy a , As the matte r is in a degree still under debate, it nw d ills his soon e n a may not be inopportune to point out that for many years —for a period almost coeval with the establish av the ti men t of the standi n g arm y o f Great Britain on eenro regimentstled in of somet hi n g like its present extended footing —men o f African birth and origin have h and e t h e service of this country, which they are composed have always taken placer in the regular corps o f the line. IT their designation of West Indi a regiments, Under the considerable body of negroes proper have performed a the duties of British soldiers in all respects, that their services have been local, with a the exception and in the main confined to our tropi ca l co l on i es. During the war which was brought to a c l ose in 1815 at least six of these black regiments were enrolled in our army, and were employed on active service in the contests which tack place between France and Efig- land for the possession of some of the islands on the Caribbean Sea. They were subsequently reduced to three regiments ; but some idea of the value of their services ev en now ma y be formed, from the fact that within the last year two more of these corps have been raised, and there are now five West India regiments of infantry, and. an artillery corps, stationed on the Gold Coast, in the army of tiae , Queen of England. Originally these corps were enlisted while the slave-trade flourished; and they were recruited, it is to be feared, pretty much in the same way as the plantations were supplied with la bourers; but in later times they have been enlisted in the same manner as t he rest of our army, and. their service is voluntary. The men were and aro all Africans, and were formerly generally known among white soldiers and colonists under the gene ric name of " Congoes." The officers are now drawn from the same eource as those of the rest of the army, although at one time a considerable number of them were gentlemen connected with the colonies who were in those stormy times desirous of adopt ing the military profession. Many if n ot all of the, no n-commissioned officers are blacks, of the same race as the men, and it may be said, in brief, that is good discipline these troops ar e excelled b y no white corps ; their attachment to their officers is remarka ble, while their docility causes them to be e asily managed; and, when the difficulties interposed by a want of community of language are got over, they are singularly tractable, and ate readily trained into good soldiers. Those who have' seen a West India regiment reviewed in company with whiteregiments of the line know that in march ing, and all the ordinary manoeuvres of a field. day, it holds its own with something more than credit. The band are composed of musicians who are all blacks,and there is a tradition in Jamaica that the band of one of these regiments was so good a one as to be in greater request for festive occasions than those of the white regiments stationed in the island. It is worth man tioning, as a matter of detail, that one of the chief difficulties in the making of an African a British soldier arose from the conventional dress of our troops. The close buttoned coat was tryiog ; the stock was an abomination ; b u t the military boot was the worst infliction of all , from the p 9 structure structure of the African foot. This is changed now, for the West India regiments are clothed in the Zonave costume; and any one who is curious to see specimens of negro soldiers, has only to repair to Chatham, where a small depot of these colonial corps is stationed, with a view to their instruction in musketry, which is an essential of our army drill. He may there see what they are like. These black corps have in their time seen service, and have always done their duty well and soldierly. At the capture of the islands of Dominica, Martinique, and Guadeloupe in the war with France, they formed part of the ex peditionary forces. They have been constantly en gaged in the expeditions which have been sent from our settlements in Africa against the natives; where we hear of their storming stockades and entrencLied works, or serving guns as artillerymen with e.t cellent effect, and this so late l y as last y ear ; and al. I reports speak of them as acting in such a manner as; to entitle them to take rank practically, as well as theoretically, with good British soldiers. The ex periment which is about to be tried in America hes therefore been already made ; and notwithstanding that the body-guard of the King of Dahomey con sists of Amazons—a fact which by implication casts a slur on the warlike capabilities of the male African —experience has shown that, when well-trained, well-treated, and well-led, the black is a good, a brave, and, above all. a most faithful soldier. COUNTRY MARKETS. - -- ---- li, NORWICH—SATURDAY. There was a good supply of wheat to-day, and there being a better feeling in the trade, the sales made were effected at 6d to is advance upon last week's rates fo r all samples. A good show of barley, and late prices wore fell, maintained. Flour as before. In other articles Mt; e busr ness doing. White wheat. 44s to 453 Red wheat 40s to 4 35 Malting barley ...36s to 388 Chevalier barley 34s to 3 5 ° Distilling do 33s to 35 s Oats.. 2 64 Flour, 31s Od to —s Od per sack from the miller. NOTTINGHAM — SATURDA Y, White wheat, from 44s to 45s ; red wheat, 388 to 42g• Barley—malting, 33s to 40s ; grinding, 28s to 31s. Oats old, at 24s to 31s Od; new, 22s to 265. Beaus hold at 35 4 to 435 per qr, ; new, 38s to 425. LE I CE STEIt--SATITRDAY. There was a good show of wheat to-day, with a fair sale, but no advance upon last week's prices. Barley in tolerable show at fully late rates. Oats held at about late prices. --New white wheat, 41s to 44s ; red, 39s to 41s per 36 stone. Old red, 39s to 41s per 36 stone. Barley, malting , new, 33s to 38s per qr.; grinding, 29s to 32e, ; old oats, 25s to 30s • new oats, 228 to 258 per 24 stotie. 13eanot old, 38s to '42s per 38 stone ; flour, 30s to 35s per 2 0 stone. GRANTHAM—SATURDAY. Old white:wheat, 42s to 4Es ; red, 40s to 43s:per 365 t.; new white, 42s to 455; red, 37s to 41s. Malting barley, 34s to 38s per qr ; ;grinding, 23s to 30s ; oats, old, 24s t 3 28s; new, 20s to24s ; beans, 40s to 425; peas, 34s to 40s. NORTHAMPTON—SATURDAY. There was about an average show of wheat to-(1437' —White wheat, 40s to 44s ; red, 35s to 42s ; tine, :7 4 to —s per qr. Barley, 35 s to 39 s — g rindin g , 28s to 307 5 P Oats, 28s to 32s per 24 stone. Bea ns, 38s to 42e. rea 318 to 40s per qr. YORK—S. We were supplied with a I fair attendance of buyers, and ported. Wheat, red 36s to 4 0 s Oats.... ... . 18s to 2 04 White do .40s to 45 s Beans 40, to --,, Barley .30s to 33s i'eas ....--s to ---' Malt, 62s to 64s per qr.; rye, 30s per qr.; flour, 3 1 :: ° to 32s per sack. A.TURDAY. Fair quantity of wheat, with former rates were fully sur Foreign Mail racket List. MAILS DUE. Nustralia and Mauritius, via Southampton. N ov , 1S• via Marseilles .. . Dec. 13. drazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. Dec. 4 „ Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena.. Nov. 2°' Chula, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton. Nov. 1S• via Marseilles ...Nov. a. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton Nov. 18. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Nov. 1 , 5 ' via Marseilles N ov. 21E* India (Bombay), via Southampton Nov. 2"' •70. via Marseilles Nov. , P ortugal .... Dec. ''e Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Nov. l' via Marseilles Newfoundland • Oporto and Vigo U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet......:NNNooovvv.: 225°6. by U.S. packet.. • • by Canadian packet. Nov. 20. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneritfe .......... Nov. --• Bahamas via New York ' .............. ...• • • • .Nov, 20. ....................... Nov.!S, Mexico. .. All parts of Wesi Indies, includinghili, Peu, 1 Dec. 28. California. and British Columbia.. [ADvEßTlSEnENT.]—Consamption, all nervous, bilioll g S• liver, and stomach comp laints, in ever y sta g e, are only a" gravated and accelerated by drugs of every description, but perfectly curable by Du Barry's health restoring ReValeutii Arabica Food, as proved by thousands of cases which l l been considered hopeless. We quote a few.—Cure No. 62 bil ,9 '; Miss Lange, 18 years of age, cured after the medical men 115'; abandoned all hopes of her recovery from the last stage °I pulmonary consumption, with fearful cough, expectorati oll, exhaustion, spitting of blood, perspirations, hollow cheeks, emaciated to a skeleton. She is now, thank God, a perfectly healthy, blooming, fleshy girl—N. Lange, Commissaire de Police. Cure, No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Fernley Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liv er derangement, and partial deafness.—Cure, N°. 47,121. Mis 4 Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies. —Cure, No. 54,816. The Rev. James T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, of indigestion and torpidity of the liver , which had resisted all medical treatment. In tins, 11b, 28 9d ; 21b, 48 6 ( 1, 5117, lie; 121 b, 225; 241 b, 40 s. Ba rr y du Barry and Co., No, 77 , Regent-street, London ; also Fortnum and Mason; and all grocers and chemists in every tow n of the United Kingdota• Births. Esq., of a daughter. BENYON.—On the 19th inst., in Grosvenor-squore, the wi fe L i s tic _ ll P r a d 1 :117 2 Z inst., at 9, Grosvenor-square, t he M7l Louisa Mills, of a daughter. M° yTox.—On the 18th inst., at Lindridge, Desford, the 11 Liat on i . Mrs. R. Moreton, of a son. OAICES.-013. the 19th inst., at Camden House, Hou9s l° ,‘ i t h e wife of Colonel Oake s , 12th L ancers, of a dauglit*. Marriages. • ASHWORTH—ORR.—On th e I s t u lt . , at St. George a of thedral, Madra s , Howard Ilaughton Ashworth, 1164. 4 V. Calcutta to Anne Nicholson, eldest daughter of Al O der Orr, soli c it or . Gur—POTTER.—On the 18th inst,, at Hampstead P r i t church, John Guy, Esq., of Baddington, Su Emma Susanna, eldest daughter of Wm. Potter, of St. John's•wood-park. Deaths. 0 ALMOND.—On the 19th inst.. George Almond, E s q" Telfer Lodge, Tulse-hill, Brixton, aged 61. ~ CIIESSIVELL.—On the 20th inst., at Winchmore-hi11,,, mouton, Sarah, only daughter of the late R. 11. Esq., Wett CROMPTON. On the 19th inst., at 6, Drayton-grove) " Brompton, George Crompton, Esq., aged 71. DAwiciNs.—On the 17th inst., at Wymeswold, Leicester. shire, Charles C. Dawkins, Captain R.N., aged of HUTTON.—On the 18th inst., Timothy Hutton, T s o;, Marske Hall and Clifton Castle, in the county of aged 84. ROUTIL—On the 17th inst., at Sutton, Surrey, IlearY Routh, Esq., of New York, aged 76. SCOTT.—On the 18th inst., at Windsor Castle, Capt. 5a... 19 - t : Scott, Military Knight, and late of H. M.'s 9th 11'6 aged 84. on and Published by WILLIAM ANDIII' of No. 112, PrinZed Strand, Printer, at Tun SON Office O. `; Lond Strand, ,n the Precinct of the Savoy. n. the colgi tl —Nohday, November 23, 1663, A nr St St T. k 3(