The Sun. — London, England, 1863-10-14 00:00:00

Naval and Military Intelligence. THE NAVY. An official. inspection was yesterday made by the authorities at Chatham dockyard, on the part of the Admiralty, of the iron paddlewheel steamer Recruit, 6, 150 horses -power, which was placed in No. 3 dock on the pre , /ions afternoon to enable a survey to be made to a' scertain the results of the trials with the invention, by Capt. H. F. M'Killop for cleansing the bottoms of iron ships afloat. These, by direction of the Ad miralty, were ordered to be tried on the Re crni.t, which was placed in the hands of the inventor for that purpose. Daring the time the Recruit was in. dock at Chatham, fitting for commission, her port a ide was paid over with the anti-corrosive composi tion by Mr. Hay, the Admiralty chymist, and on her starboard side was applied a new anti-fouling mixture, which had bean submitted to the Admiralty by the inventor, Mr. Crispin. Both compositions— as, indeed, has been the case, more or less, with every invention of the kind hitherto brought under the notice of the Admiralty —have turned out to be co'nplete failures, as, on the water being pumped oiat of the dock in which the Recruit had been placed every square inch of the surface of her hull below the water-line was found thickly coated with weeds, sea grass, barnacles, and various kinds of animal culw The appearances of the two sides of the ves sel were, however, very different. On the starboard aide, to which Mr. Crispin's invention had been ap plied, the entire surface was covered with grass, about a foot in length, with which were mixed thousands of sea worms and barnacles. A minute examination led to the discovery that every portion of the compo s iti o n had been eaten away from the iron plates, leaving nothing but the coating of red lead applied by the dockyard workmen. On the port side Mr. Hey ' s composition was found to be still adhering to the iron plates, which were coated over the length of the 'vessel with a kind of fibrous seaweed, from one to two or three inches in length, and s warming with small shell fi s h. I n portion of the vessel's b o tt om t h e some parts of this weeds were longer and more matted than on the starboard side, while the barnacles here were also very large, the composition being completely pene trated, and the iron-plating exposed. Althogether the bottom of the Recruit, which was only 12 weeks out of dock, was more thickly covered with marine formations than many iron vessels which had been 12 months afloat. Only a portion of the vessel's hull was selected by Capt. M'Killop to be experi mented upon, extending about 12ft. on the aft side of 'each of the sponsons. The plan adopted in re moving the fouling from iron ships is to sink a kind of large tarpaulin, of about 20ft. in width, and of sufficient length to be passed completely under the vessel's keel, and brought up on the opposite side. The four sides or edges of the apparatus are me.de air-tight, and on being filled with air acquire a buoyancy which makes it cling to the vessel with great force. A. mixture of creosote, lime, and some other substances being spread over the centre of the tarpaulin, the whole remains under water, and in the coarse of some three or four hours the mixture being acted upon by the water destroys every por tion of the growth on the ship's bottom. Although Capt. Killop's invention had succeeded in removing a considerable part of the incrustations on the sides of the Recruit, yet the cleansing prccess was only partial, the keel, especially, showing a vast aeon mulation of seaweed and barnacles altogether un touched. The opinion pronounced by the dockyard officials was unfavourable to the invention, but provided the apparatus can be easily applied there appears to be no reason why it should not, in a measure, answer in the case of iron ships taking a long sea voy age, and, therefore, unable to be docked, except- ing at distant intervals. On the other hand, it would be necessary to ascertain whether the powerful com position of creosote and lime has any, and, if so, what effect upon the plates of iron ships. It should be stated that Capt. M'Killop considers his invention to be more successful in realising the object sought 'when tried at sea than in harbour, as the passage of the vessel 'through water would more effectually wash off the, accumulations removed than can be effected in, 'the case of a ship moored in a river or harbour. The Tamar, 3, iron screw troopship, 2,812 tons, 500 norhe power, was commissioned at Sheerness on Saturday last, the pennant being hoisted by Capt. F. H. Stirling, who has been in charge of the ves sel du.ring the time she has belonged to the Sheer ness Steam Reserve. The Tamar has received thorough examination, and been completely fitted th'i artisans of Sheerness dockyard, and when receeitly surveyed by Capt. Mends, C. 8., Director of 'Transports, and other officials, was pronounced tr, be in a very satisfactory condition. Her preli minary trial will take place shortly. The screw steam gunboat Hind, 2, Lieut.-Com. Scott, from Falmouth, arrived at Plymouth on Mon day evening to ship stores for the coastguard ship Itectssell, Com. Sidney Grenfell, at Falmouth. It is expected at Devonport that the long dock in t'ae dockyard will be ready to-day for the reception of the iron-plated frigate Black Prince. Her Majesty's ship Speedwell, Com. Cottam, yes terday went down to the Arsenal buoy at -Wool -wich, and shipped her powder, in preparation for her depareure for the West Coast of Africa, and the Fox laden with machinery and gear for the ironcased ship Research, at Pembroke, yesterday went along side the coal hulk at Woolwich to make ready for sea. The Monkey, steamstug, tender to the flagship Fisgar d at Woolwich, under repairs during the last 12 mcaiths, is nearly ready for service. The whole of her decks and top sides are now completely new, and but a nominal portion of her old keel and anelent timbers has been retained. The Monkey is probably the only vessel of her age in active use, she having been in use during the reigns of the four successive Sovereigns. At the c eronation of George IV. the Monkey (then the Royal Sovereign) was employed in carrying the Holyhead mails, and she was subsequently used as the Royal yacht when required by the Court. She has been attached for some years past as tender to the flagship at Wool wich, and constantly at work for labour purposes. She is again fitted with a new sot of boilers, has had her engines thoroughly overhauled and adapted w ith a disconnecting shaft to enable her to turn quickly and in a confined circle in the river, and is now pronounced to be one of the most useful and tificient ves sels of her class. ' The ironcased ship Caledonia, 35 guns, now in the Victor ia Dock, has received the wh o l e o f her boilers, i n umber. The machinery i s along side,eightn nbe put on board. It is expected and will soon removed to Sheerness onthe next that she will be spring rt* tides in abou.,, a fortnight. ated ship V aliant, 34 g uns, w i ll be Th e armour-p i, l aunc h e d this day a t two o'clock , fro m t h e Admi ralty-yard, Poplar. 84, flagship of A court-martial assembled yesterday morning on midable, board her Majesty's ship Far K.C.8., Comman- Viee-Admiral Sir G. der-in-Chief at Sheerness, for Lambert, rt, forthe tr ial of Erasmus C •ltol‘erts, additional second mas t er belonging to the Formidable, but serving on board the Lizard, .„ Paddlewheel tender to the Formidable. Captain over Captain Jo hn Telford, of the Formidable, presided the Court., and the case was conducted b y lf r. G. 11 ° Knight (of the firm of Messrs. Essell, Knight, and Arnold, Admiralty solicitors, Rochester), De puty Judge-Advocate. The court was held under a warrant from the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, an d on the complaint of Lieut. Henry Joseph Challis, commanding the Lizard. The charge preferred against the prisoner was that he, being in actual service and on full pay as additional second master of th e Li zard, Was, on Sept. 26 last, drunk on board the vess e l and unfit to perform his duties. The prisoner pleaded guilty, and threw him self on the mercy of the court, 11e was adjudged to forfeit two years seniority and to be dismissed the ship. All masters on the Reeerved List of 15 s' sen i or i t y will be removed to a separate liet aysesatrafi eon:menders on the Reserved Li et . The folio wir g appointments were ma d e yesterda at y the Admiralty —Fred. Lucas, p a ymaster, to the Taaier ; and C. R. Watson, clerk, to the Tamar. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by p ut .. chasing Hornitnan's pure Tea; very choice at 3s. 4d. and 4s. "High standard "at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the strongest and /oust delicious imported, Agents in ever) town supply it in packets, SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. NEWMARKET SECOND OCTOBER MEETING. The attraction of the Cesarewitch brought a crowded train from town this morning, in addition to those from Peterborough and other places. The Dotting had not been much influenced by the running for the Trial Handicap yesterday beyond Blackdown and Jack of Hearts being at a trifle better price, the latter at midnight having the call of the Goodwood Stakes winner. Lioness retained the as cendancy, and Emblem had eager supporters at 8 to 1. Limosina was pretty firm, though many were anxious to lay against her, and a suspicion that she had a downward tendency was rather prevalent. This proved to be the case, as 10 to 1 was offered against her previous to the start, while Drummer Boy advanced to 4 to 1, the position of Mr. Merry's mare being unchanged. The resu lt fully im tified the confidence felt by both owner and trainer. Prom the "Bushes" the race was net in doubt , and though Lord Stamford's mare made a gallant struggle she could not reach the favourite, who won by three-quarters of a length, three lengths separating Limosina from Jack of Hearts. Behind them came Blithileld, Blackdown, Emblem, and Drummer Boy. 'Umpire behaved exactly as he did last year, shutting up half way down the hill, and of course immediately being out of the race. The Clearwell always possesses an interest from the pre sence of some " dark" young ones, and this year Baron Niviere's Sonehamp came with a certain reputation, but Mr. Merry's Crisis won easily by a neck. Unusual eclat was given to the day's proceedings by the presence of the King of the Greeks and his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, accompanied by the Duke of Cam bridge and attended by Captain Grey, who arrived by spe cial train from town about 1 30, and immediately mounting their horses proceeded to the course. The Royal party viewed the race from the Stand, and at its termination re• ceived an enthusiastic reception from all classes. They left the ground soon after the race. The course did not look as we have seen it on former Cesarewitch anniversaries. The attendance was large, but the crowds of two or three years ago were not there. The Royal Stakes of 200 sovs each, 120 ft, for 3-yr-olds ; colts, Bst 71b ; and fillies, Bst 21b ; the owner of the second horse to receive back his stake. A.F. 5 subs. Sir J. Hawley's Columbia, Bst 21b (Fordham) 1 Mr. C. Snewing's Barter, Bst 21b (Custance) 2 Betting-11 to 10 on Barter, who made play at an indif ferent pace for the first quarter of a mile, when the non favourite went up and headed her in the next few strides, and won cleverly by half a length. Handicap Sweepstakes of 15 soya each, 10 ft, for 3-yr• olds and upwards. Ab. M. 9 subs. Mr. Payne's Merry Maid, 4 yrs, 6st 131 b .. J. French) 1 Lord Portsmouth's Gunner, 3 yrs, 7st 41b .... (Cannon) 2 Count Batthyany's Actaeon, 3 yrs, Est 41b (J. Smith) 3 The following also ran :—Bertha, Humphrey, Tourist, Stockowner, and Canace. Betting-2 to 1 agst Humphrey, 9to 2 each agst Gunner and Bertha, and 6 to 1 agat Merry Maid. The lot ran abreast (with the exception of Bertha and the favourite, who got badly off) for the first quarter of a mile, when Merry Maid quitted her horses, and came on with a commanding lead, which she retained to the end, and won with ease by six lengths. Actaeon was a bad third, Butler fourth, and Humphrey next. Tourist was last. The Town Plate of £5O, for 3-yr-olds, 7st 101 b ; four, Bst 101 b; five, six, and aged, 9st llb. The winner to be sold for 200 sovs if demanded, &c. T.M.M. Mr. Naylor's Equinox, 3 yrs, Tat 101 b (Challoner) 1 Mr. Goddard's Petersham, 3 yrs, 7st 101b(J. Nightingale) 2 Mr. W. Robertson's Belle of Yorkshire, 3 yrs, 7st 101 b (Brewty) 3 Sir W, Booth's Dunsinane, 3 yrs, 7st 101 b Mr. Saxon's Sweet Willie, 3 yrs, 7st 101 b (J. Grimshaw) 5 Capt. Lane's Look Sharp, 3 yrs, 7st 101 b (Daley) 6 Betting-7 to 4 agat Equinox, 4to 1 agst Sweet Willie, 9 to 2 agst Look Sharp, and 10 to 1 agst Petersham. Dunsinane, in company with Belle of Yorkshire, Look Sharp, and Petersham, made the running, Equinox and Sweet Willie lying off for the first half mile, when the latter and Look Sharp dropped back, Petersham at the same time were in front, and, with Belle of Yorkshire and Equinox laid close up, came on together into the cords, where the latter ran past her horses and took a slight lead, the four finishing a splendid race home, Challoner just landing Mr. Naylor'a colours in the last stride by a neck, Petersham de feating Belle of Yorkshire by a head for second, a like dis tance separating the second and third. Match-100, h ft—No course mentioned. Mr. J. B. Angell's Lord Burleigh, 4 yrs, 9st ....Receives Marquis of Hastings's Garotter, 2 yrs, 7st 31b.... Pays The Cesarewitch Stakes, a free handicap of 25 soya each, 15ft, with 200 added, winners extra, for 3-yr-olds and upwards; the owner of the second horse to receive 50 80V8 out of the stakes, and the winner to pay 30 sovs to the judge. Cesarewitch coarse. 84 subs. Mr. Merry's Lioness, 4 yrs, bet 81b (II. Covey) 1 Lord Stamford's Limosina, 4 yrs, 7st 31b (carried 7st 41b) (H. Grimshaw) 2 Mr. S. Thellusson's Jack of Hearts, 3 yrs, Est 71b (Mordan) 3 Baron Rothschild's Wingrave, 4 yrs, Bst 121 b (W ells) 0 Mr, R. Boyce's Carisbrook, 4 y rs , S e t 61b (W. B o y ce ) 0 Lord Coventry's Umpire, 6 yrs, Set lib (J. Adams) 0 Mr. Savile's Harlequin, 4 yrs, Bst llb (Fordham) 0 Mr. G. Bryan's Captain Crow, 4 yrs, 7st 111 b.. (Lynch) 0 Mr. J. Wnittaker's Change, 3 yrs, 7st 61b (Challoner) 0 Mr. Drewitt's Blackdown, 3 yrs, 7st 51b (Doyle) 0 Lord Coventry's Emblem, aged, 7st (Maidment) 0 Mr. R. Boyce's Fantail, 3 yrs, Est 131 b.... , (E, Taylor) 0 Mr. T. Hunt's Blithfield, 3 yrs, Est 121 b (Neale) 0 Mr. T. Parr's Blondin, 3 yrs, Est 121 b (Cannon) 0 Mr. R. C. Naylor's Chere Arnie, 3 yrs, bat 111 b (Sayers) 0 Mr. R. C. Naylor's Agag, 4 yrs, Est 10ib (A.Woodhouse) 0 Mr. R. C. Naylor's Drummer Boy, 4 yrs, Est 101 b (car Cat 111 b) Mr. R Ten Broeek's Silketone, 4 yrs, Get Sib (J. Adams) 0 Count F. de Lagrange's Benjamin, 4 yrs, Get Sib (Hunter) 0 Mr. Nelson's Cock Robin, 3 yrs, Gat 51b (Losses) 0 Mr. T. Hughes's Real Jam, 4 yrs, 6st 41b .. (Morris) 0 Capt. Starkey's Romanoff, 3 yrs, 6st llb (car Get 31b) (Thomas) 0 Captain Lamb's Sandford, 3 yrs, sst 131 b (J. Grirnshaw) 0 Mr. R. Ten Broeck's Summerside, 3 yrs, sst illb (Murfit) 0 Betting-5 to 2 agst Lioness, 6to 1 agst Drummer Boy, 8 to 1 agst Emblem, 12 to 1 each agst Limosina, Umpire, and Jack of Hearts, 20 to 1 agat Blackdown, 33 to 1 agst Fantail, 40 to 1 each agst Harlequin, Real Jam, and Ro manoff, 50 to 1 each agst Blithfield and Wingrave, 1,000 to 15 each agst Cock Robin and Sandford, 100 to 1 agst Silk stone. Punctually to the time set down the 24 competitors reached the starter, and without loss of time were despatched from the post nearly in a line. Jack of Hearts, evidently with the intention of serving his stable companion, imme diately went to the front, and led them along at a merry pace for the first quarter of a mile, when he was pulled back and the lead taken by Real Jam, Jack of Hearts going on second, Blondin third, and Romanoff next, then came, wide on the right, Emblem, Limosina, Lioness, Drummer Bay, Blitbfield, Umpire, and Blackdown, the next division being headed by Summerside, Agag, Cock Robin, and Fantail, Wingrave, in company with Harlequin and Carisbrook act ing as whippers in. With little or no alteration they re tained these positions unt il the y reached the first half of t he Abingdon Mile ending post, when Mr, Hughes's colo urs disappeared from the front. Umpire at the same time came up on the lower side and came on with a decided lead,closely attended by the favourite on the far side, at whose girths came Limosina, and in the centre of the course Blithfield, Drummer Boy, Jack of Hearts, and his stable companion Blackdown, this lot running in such close company to the Bushes hill that a sheet might have covered them, the rest of the field being completely s pread-eagled. Half-way down the hill Umpire, as last year, gave in, the favourite at the same time taking a slight lead, waited upon by Limos sine, Blithfield, Jack of Hearts, Drummer Boy, and Blackdown, into the Abingdon Mile bottom, where Mr. Naylor's colt and Blackdown were in difficulties, leaving the three placed to finish the race home, Liones swift ning rather cleverly by three parts of a length. Three lengths separated the second and third. Blithfield was fourth, three lengths in their rear; Blackdown fifth, Em blem sixth, Drummer Boy seventh. Then came Summer side, Agag, Benjamin, Wingrave, and Umpire, close to gether ; and, at wide intervals, the others trotted in, the last lot being composed of Sandford, Harlequin, Carisbrook, Chere Arnie, and Romanoff. m m r. a ii nd in e n d a , r & d c ,s . Selling Handicap Sweepstakes of 10 sovs each, for 2-yr-olds and upwards. The winner to be sold for 100 sovs if de- Norroy Leel yrs, 3oo Bst 10Ib T.Y.C. 12 subs. DukeMr . C r o a f wf_u t r . Mr. Savile's Prince ' French) 2 Albans' Lord Stamford's Knave of T1.'11111 3 ; 8 8' d's Leotard, 3 yrs, Bat Gib (Aldcroft) 1 8 3 a y t r . s . :As ( c r il Chalybeate, The following also(Custance) 4 chette, Country Maid, get isi chilles, and Pyrrha. 2 yrs, 6 (A st . 7 E lb dwaras) 3 Betting -3 to 1 a (S. Adams) 5 ran A :---Littlecote, Kangaroo, Blan -7 t P o r l i agst nce L a e n e any other, in conl orr va e n y y , w 5 it t h o l A a ch ga il t le C: B nt la ry nc :l c a t i t d e: came e L o eo u t t a a rd nd m w ad o e n palfatyertoa hgaol,,fdavray in cords, where Norma , three headlengths, bet w t e w e n o lengths between the second and atelldb,ya each,Ti. 20 ft, for 2-yr-old winner of a 500 Gib ; of any two the third and fourth. The Clearwell Stakes of 30 soya r l,te or sweap colts, Bst 101 b ; fillies, Bat 811). sovs stakes with ten subscribers to carry such stakes, 9lb extra. The winner 2 (Cha_lloner) 1 stakes value 100 sovs, including the Winne') to carry alb extra. T.Y.C. 42 subs, s °wa stake, Mr. Merry's Crisis, Sat 11Ib (inc 31b extra), . Lorrl Anglesey's P , lanet, Bst 101 b .......... (J. Bst lOrb " " 2 Captain A. Cooper s Knight of Snowdon, (P. Adams) 3 The following also ran :—Esperance, Alliance, Senorita colt, Bea trix, Bonus, Sonchamp, New York, and Wander ing Minstrel. Crisis and to Betting-5 to 2 agst Planet, 5 to 1 agst Sonchamp, 11 2 agst Matrix, 100 to 15 each agst Knight of Snowden, and 10 to 1 agst Wandering Minstrel... effected, the lot running in a line forAsnomeezedeilalteanatesat,arwthwenasKnight of Snowdon drew in ad vance and came on with a slight lead, which ho held half way in the cords, when he was headed by Crisis and Planet, who finished a fine race home; Crisis winning at last by a ne ck; two lengths between the second third. Wandering Minstrel was fourth, close up. T he Forlorn Hope Stakes, a free handicap of 15 soya each, l° ft ' for 3.yr-olds and upwards; a winn er of a handi cap after th e publication of the weights (October 9th, at 10 aaal.) to carry Slb ev.fra T Y C (4 subs.) Was off. Sweepstak es of - '• • . . a sovs each; for 2-yr-olds, Gat 1.:;b; three, Bst 101 b; four and upwards, 9st 21b. The winner to be sold for 70 sous, if demanded, &C. Rutland Stakes Course. 11 subs. Mr. T. Hughes's Juliet, aged (Hughes) 1 Mr. Win. Day's Brother to Dreadnought, (s 2. Adams)yrs 2 Mr. H. Joice's Folly, 2 yrs (J. Grimshaw) 3 The following also ran :—Kangaroo, Queen Fastrada, Nathalie, Kinsman, Flutter, Jeanne d'Albert, and Battery. Betting-2 to 1 agst Juliet, 7to 2 agst Dreadnought, 6 to 1 each agst Folly and Battery, and 7 to 1 agst Nathalie. Juliet jumped away with a decided lead, and won in a canter by a length and a half; a bad third. Mr. W. Day claimed the winner, and Mr. Hughes Dreadnought. LATEST BETTING. CAMBRIDGESHIRE. 7to 1 agst Limosina 10 to 1 agst Catch-'em Alive 15 to 1 agst Exchequer 20 to 1 agst Birdhill 20 to 1 agst Borealis 40 to 1 agst Hubert 40 to 1 agst Roman Bee 50 to 1 apt Polynesia All offered. British Archaeological Association, LEEDS, TUESDAY. The 20th annual meeting of the British Arehaaological Association commenced in this town yesterday afternoon, under the presidency of Lord Houghton. The proceedings will be continued the whole of this week,and will be brought to a close on Monday by an excursion to York. According to the programme the mornings of each day will be occu pied with excursions to inspect the numerous objects of in terest in the neighbourhood, and in the evening papers will be read in the hall of the Philosophical Society. There was some misunderstanding, in making the preparations for the meeting, respecting the manner in which the association were to be received by the mayor and corporation, but all differences have been amicably arranged, and the members of the association were entertained by the corporation last evening in the Town-hall ; a large number of the inhabi tants of Leeds and the neighbourhood having been invited to meet them. Lord Houghton, who was elected president of the asso ciation in February last, when Mr. Monckton Milnes, was supported by a host of vice-presidents and patrons of the association, including the Archbishop of York, the Bishop of Ripon, Earl Fitzwilliam, the Earl of Harewood, the Earl de Grey and Ripon, the Earl of Effingham, the Earl of Cardigan, Lord Londesborough, and numbers of the clergy and gentlemen of the neighbourhood, The proceedings commenced in the Town-hall at three o'clock, when the Mayor and Corporation of Leeds, in their robes of office, accompanied by the principal members of the association, occupied the platform, and the body of the large hall was nearly filled with the other members of the association and the visitors invited by the corporation. After a few observations from the Mayor, expressing his gratification at receiving the British Archaeological Associa tion in Leeds, Dr. Lee, the president last year, formally re signed the presidency to Lord Houghton, who then deli vered his inaugural address viva wee, and not from a written paper,:as was done on most former occasions. He said that it had been customary with those who had previously held the office he now had the honour to fill to g ive in their inaugural addresses a synoptical hi s t ory o f th e an tiquities of the counties in which their meetings were held ; but the antiquities of Yorkshire are so ext ens i ve th a t it would be impossible in the brief space of an h our or so t o g ive a satis factory synopsis of them, and he wo u ld not th ere f or e attempt it. It would be like attempting to give a synopsis of t he history of the world. It was als o s i m ply i m p oss ible, for th e reason that a great deal of the antiquity of Yorkshire had yet to be discovered, Large portions of it, as was said by the late Mr. Hunter, were yet a complete terra incognita, and for that reason he was delighted this society had come amongst them to expand thei r k now l e d ge an d en large th e ir information. The study of archae o l og y w as the study of the material, visible, and sensible r ecor d s o f th e past. It w as the study of the waifs and str a y s o f ti me , w hich the gre at ocean in its course leaves behi n d it--f ragme nts and wrec ks of the great past, such detach e d f ragmen t s as a child mig ht pick up on the shore, which nevertheless, when investigated by the power of the human mind, lead to immense deduc tions and to most important consequences, deducting. the most important event s f rom o bj ec t s th at m i g ht seem vial, and even ridiculous. Wonderful indeed was the position of man, standing on one point of time, with an eternity on either hand, and wo n d er f u l, more won d er f u l still, was it that, limited as were his faculties, finite as were his per ceptions, he was neverth e l ess en d owe d w iththe power investigating the past hi s t or y o f th e wor ld w hich he of inha bits—thus showing the conquest of mind over the inferiori ties of matter. (Hear, hear.) How did he do this? How was it that man had the power to throw himself back into this infinite distance ? By th e p h ys i ca l f ra gments which they put together, and from which drew deductions. The earth itself supplied the materials for its own archaeology, and the geologists who explored its rocks and strata are the archaeologists of our planet. M. Cuvier coul d ' from a single bone, cons t ruc t t h e f orm o f au animal that lived in ages long anterior to existing man; so the arcbasologist could, by sticlying the fragments left by men of f ormer ti mes, th row li g h t on their past his tory, and gain an insight into the changes that have taken place among mankind. To come to what might, compared with the history of extinct inhabitants of the ea rth, be called more recent ti mes , t o th e arc h aeo l ogy o f the antiquity of man. They had all heard of those flint-heads which had been tossed abo u t f rom ti me t o ti me , simp ly considered as curious pie ces o f stone, an d yet w hi c h , by modern science, . had been di scovere d to b e t h e c l ear an d cer tain testimony of the habitancy of this earth centuries and centuries before all historical notice. And thus also had been discovered in the lakes of S w it zer l an d an d D enmar k, an d lately in those of Scotland, remains of large villages planted in the midst of the wat er , s h ow i ng th e ex i stence o f ver y large populations over the fa ce o f E urope l ong b e f ore an y r ecognised historical period. (Applause.) Passing from the archaeology of physi cal facts, his lordship proceeded to notice the archaeology of language, and the light which it served to throw on the past history of man . Th e di s ti nc tive dialects of di▪ fferent counties thus became of use in the study of archaeology, and the dialect o f Y or k s hi re serve d as a gu ide in the discovery of many interesting truths. Separate dialects are, he ob served, voc a l hi s to r i es o f th e di s t an t Past' Hi▪ s lordship then noticed more esp e ci a lly th e o bj e cts of the soci▪ ety. They did not prof ess t o carr y arc h eo l og y so far as to consi▪ der the history of this planet nor to trace the antiquity of man. Their views were confined to times purely and simply his torical, and rested upon a purely historical basis. They had nothing to do with fancies or theories of any kind whatever; they wanted people to tell them facts, and bring them evi dence of those facts. To be real antiquaries, to take pleasure in antiquities, two or three things were absolutely neces sary. First, there must be a reverential respect and regard for the past. The populations of the world that seemed appointed by Providence as the great conservators of the history of the past were the Oriental, and especially the Semitic nations. In the modern world this feeling had cer tainly not developed itself very strongly till almost very re cent times. It was not to be expected that the barbarians who devastated Europe would have cared much for the an tiquities they destroyed or for the magnificent buildings which they ravaged. This destructive feeling went on through almost all the earlier portions of the Christian era, and when there came the great ecclesiastical schisms and the rising against the Roman Church, it was not surprising that a sort of barbaric and destructive feeling also exhibited itself on the side of Protestantism, and that religious fervour manifested itself in the very unfortunate desire to destroy works of art. Thus, although perhaps they could not under stand the motive, they must nevertheless profoundly regret the d es t ruction which took place at a ll t h e great monasteries in England, and the dispersion of the monastic records, of which even in thi s coun t r y they had so many signal and interestin g examples. He was sorry to say that this disre gard for th e recor d s o f t h e past h a d b een very prom i nen t i n En gland until very recently. His lordship gave an amusing low them and a ili account of th e pl ace i n w hi c h th e na ti ona l recor ds for mer l y were housed,weiatrh, wb asitlezat them-e ni ngi agu ne bifiet. powder r b m le rooms, with near, cent memorials i n t rus t e d t o th e D ean an d Ch a pt er o f West minster, including Doomday Book itself, were kept behind a bakehouse and washh ouse , in which large fi res were con tinually burning. The Government were not alone in this disregard of ancient records. for the same neglect existed, even at the present day, among municipal bodies. He was sorry to say there were but few towns that had not been guilty of the sam e neg l ect w i t h regar d to t h e i r own recor d s or ancient buildings. As he was no longer member for Pon tefract, and had no constituency to please or offend (laughter) —he might be permitted to say that the conduct of the in habitants of that town had not been more respectable in this regard than that of the rest of the community. He believed the records of that most ancient borough were banded about at present from one solicitor's office to another, and he regretted to say the remains of that most magnifi cent castle, the great border fortress and palace of the North, which ought to have been guarded with especial care by the public and the municipal authorities, was now converted into a ground for growing liquorice, and let for £3O a year. (Laughter.) There was no use attempting to conceal this, because he held in his hand an invitation from the Mayor and Corporation of Pontefract, asking them to go on Th u rsday and witness the state of things for them- selves, He was bound to say ho considered this a very shameless proceeding—(laughter)—and the only result he could hope for was, that the association would make such a row about it that a better state of things might bo produced and that what was left of that magnificent castle might be put in a snore honourable and secure condition. (Applause.) But it is not only the Government and the corporations who are to bl ame , even private families are equally neglectful of their papers, and often very important records that might throw light on the history of the county are kept in the housemaid's closet, to be used as waste paper. His lord ship adduced several instances of such neglect in this county. The interest now generally felt in antiquities may, he said, be considered of modern origin, end an antiquary was, even within recent times, despised as an idle collector of useless rubbish. The mere collection of anti quities, however, was not enough ; the mere reverence for the past was not enough. Collecting itself was a very useful thing. Never stop a child who shows a taste for eel/v.llns. anything, Boys collecting birds' eggs, or girls THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 14, 1863 placing sea weed in a book, are laying the foundation of study in natural history. The collection of even unimpor tant trumpery showed two things —a love of order, and an interest in some external objects. But, besides collection, they must have the spirit of criticism—the power of deter mining whether things were right or wrong, whether they were true or false, and archmology was only a curious amusement unless accompanied with the spirit of serious, accurate, and merciless criticism. Archmology was the rectifier of tradition, whether written or spoken. The more they investigated tradition, the more uncertain did they find it as a guide to truth. Tradition was no proof whatever, even of an original truth of any kind. At the present moment the study of archmology was especially interesting, because it was in full accord and agreement with the development of historical criticism, for which the time in which we live is so remarkable. Though seeming to create doubts it, in fact, creates certainty. It constructs instead of destroying ; and though it has a tendency to scep- ticism on one side, it adds confirmation to faith on the other. His lordship then noticed the verisus branches of know ledge which are essential to constitute an archaeologist of the present day. It was also requisite that he should be a man of taste. After enlarging on that topic, he referred to Dr. Thereeby, a Leeds archaeologist of untiring industry, and censured the inhabitants of Leeds for having allowed his m agnificent collection of coins, autographs, &c., to be sold by auction in London. Such, the noble lord continued, was the great study of archaeology to which he directed their attention. Ho asked each of them in his own district to regard it as a never .failing source of amusement ; and it could scarcely fail at the same time to have so me valuable results, for there was scarcely a parish which did not contain an element for the history of England. This society connected, as it were, the most distant times with present occurrences, either by resemblance or by con trast. Think for a moment how curious it was that they should be politically considering the question of the revival of Italy and the condition of the great city of Rome, whilst England, in a period so comparatively short in the history of the world, should have been a Roman dependency. A similar contrast was drawn by his lordship as to our condi tion with regard to Denmark and France ; and he then ob served that he need not tell that large and prosperous com munity of the enormous advantages which England had gained in the last 400 or 500 years, and of the different po sition they now held. It might be they had lost something; that there was something in these old men which they could hardly in imagination reproduce, or in their conscience fully understand—. " To them was life a simple art Of duties to be done, A game where each man took his part, A race where all must run : A battle where great scheme and scope They little cared to know, Content, as men-at-arms, to cope, Each with his fronting foe." Thus it was with the men of old. We had a harder task, a heavier burden. We had the responsibilities of more know- ledge and of a more enlightened conscience. All we can do is to strive, as far as we can, to keep something alive of the simplicity of the ancient time, and combine with that the hope, and more than hope, the conviction of the progress of the human race, and our thankfulness to the Disposer of all events for having placed us in this happy time. (Loud applause.) On the motion of the MAYOR, seconded by the VICAR, a vote of thanks was passed to Lord Houghton for his able address. His lordship briefly acknowledged the compli ment, and the company separated. The conversazione in the evening was crowded. The handsome hall wa s no t d ecora t e d in any manner, nor were any objects displayed around to attract attention; but for the entertainment of the company a number of glee singers, Spark performed on t h e l arge o rgan. Refreshments were abundantly provided in a separate room throughout the evening. businesshTohoeeeupineed the orchestra, sung various glees, and Dr. g neglected d t h a e m t r e ci a t a h a i lsoical festivity, for Associationih one ew of fs notthe altogether w adjoining t Th efire tpape r law courts was hpya were Mr. oc a t r i e a a g d h t e e n: r , o 4 w o d n e cd theau D, d e a n c c e e ofs the Borough of Leeds," in which he introduced some curi ous particulars of the trial of its manufacturer, a goldsmith named Maingee, w h o i n 1696 was tried before Lord Chief Justice Burton for coining. The following extract from the Paper affords a good example of the mode in which justice was administered in those days :—The charge was for high treason, in counterf e iti ng the lawful coin of the realm. The chief witness against Maingee was an approver of the name of George Norcross, a supposed accomplice. The late Mr. Norrison Scatcherd, of Morley, has left us a long detailed account of this trial in manuscript. From this document it would appear that the prosecution was conducted as much by the Chief Justice, who tried the case, as by the counsel for the Crown. Norcross proves that he was employed by Maingee as a clipper, at 5s a day, and that he saw him not only clip the sheets of the base metal into the size and form of the intended shilling or half-crown with shears, but that lie also saw him stamp it on both sides by striking it heavily with a forge harmer, on a balk on the roof of the house, in a secret chamber. This witness was supported in his state ment by a man and woman whose stories were very incohe rent. For the defence Maingeo asked the cryer to call Capt. Burton. The cry er declined to do so, saying that he was not obliged to call prisoner's witnesses. However, on Maingee paying him for this duty Captain Burton was called. He swore that he had gone with a person accidentally to Leeds and examined the prisoner's house, and that he did not be lieve it possible base money could have been made in the manner described by Norcross. The judge, addressing wit ness, said, " Pray, tell me, Captain Barton, how came you to go to Leeds on that occasion? I am confident you must have been employed by Mr. Maingee, or by somebody else. Pray what is your employment ?" Captain Burton—"l am comptroller of the Mint in York." J udge —" A very pretty man to be employed in the King and country's service, and come here in evidence against the King, and encourage rogues, and that which now the nation grieves under. I will promise you that I will know in another place how you came hither." Captain Burton—" My lord, I had not come if one of your lordship's servants hadn't told me you sent for me." Judge—" Where is that officer? Let him be immediately found, and I'll clap him by the heels; and if the parson was here that came with you, I would do as much for him." The jury, of course, under such guidance, found a verdict of guilty, and Maingee, though generally thought to be innocent, was banged. The sequel to this story, however, strongly tends to prove the accused to have been guilty. It happened that it became necessary to pull down Maingee's old house in Briggate, in 1832, just 136 years after his execution. Well, in stripping off the roof of this old house, the workmen came upon a small secret chamber, and on the floor of this chamber they found these two pair of shears or clippers—the very tools with which Norcross swore Maingee and himself used to clip the coins. Here we have two dumb witnesses brought forw ard after this long lapse of time to corroborate the discredited evidence of this approver of infamous reputation. The second paper was read by Mr. G. R. Wright. It was a petition of the inhabitants of Leeds to Oliver Crom well, praying for a new charter of incorp oration, setting forth that the old charter had been surre ndered to King Charles to be amended, but that in consequ ence of the civil war it had not been renewed. The excursions to-day are to Adel Church, to Farnley Hall, to Harewood Castle, and to Ilkley, the Olicana of the Romans. The objects of antiquarian interest at the latter place are some Runic crosses in the churchyard ; but the place itself has of late years become more celebrated . for its cold water, which rushes from the a d j acent moor in con tinuous streams of limpid chilliness ; and magnificent palaces at Benrhyddin and at the New Wells have been . erected for its reception for the be nefit of hydropathic patients. The day being fine, a large party set off at an early hour, but the places named in the programme too far distant to be all visited befo re evening, when the p are first regular meeting for the busines s of the association commences. ----- There is a lull in the Federal bombardment of Charleston. The silence of G en. Gilmore's messen gers can be easily understood, a s he is getting his heav y g uns into position, and probably w ill not open fire until he believes that he can effectually o ver p ower the Confederate batteries. But what means the q uiet on board the Moni tors ! Is it that they are unable to withstand the rattling of the Confede ra t e b a lls at close q uarters ? In the absence of intelligenc e , we suspect that there is some such difficulty, for on the W ee h aw k en 's grounding under Fort Moultrie, the whole of th e M on it or s were una ble to keep the fire of the fort in check, so that—as the Neu , York Tones stated—the position of the grounded vessel 11. d become perilous, until the new Ironsides, came to the rescue between 9 and 10 o'clock, continuing under fire till 2 p.m. Thi s paper says that, but for the Ironsides, "it is not probabl e rthaia,itdtlhyeaNsVteheehyacwokuelnd, an d with splendid effect, could not cou ld have been extricated from her perilous position. The other g e nitors, while they fired as keep down the rebel fire. At the best they fired painfully slow, and every one knows it is the rapidity and continuity of file that tell against open works, or, indeed, works of any , kind. One frigate like the Ironsides is worth a dozen Monitors. She was hit undoubtedly over 200 times." It should, however, be remembered that these Monitors are only large gunboats, and tha t the vessels of th e Dictato r c b l o a t s h s in fo t r end o e ff d on fo oo r sea-service a re infinitely m ore f orm id a bl e numerous and powerful, an d their turrets twice as lar g e massive; e a g n a d inst d t hence outside e a would shower bee r e c f a r o heavyely missiles striking felt l t by those within for the sharp shock com municated throu g h the smaller theiro ui s s Monitor turret would be inappreciable after passing through the denser iron mass of which the turrets of the Dictator class are composed.—flrmy and 11'ary Gazelle. [ADVERTISEMENT.]-llolloway's Pills.--The Grand Requisites.—Nobody will deny the assertion that for man's comfort and happiness pure blood and a sound stomach rank among his iy , at requirements. Both may be safely and in expensiveliy gecured by these admirable pills, which act gently on the weakest frames, and cause no violent shock to the most sensitive system. Holloway's pills have proved themselves competent to deal constitutionally with those infirmities which descend from parent to offspring, which often mar the brightest and throw a co nstant gloom over youth. These pills purity both the solids and the fluids of the body, and by that salutary process rouse every organ to perform :_i_Dturaliy its proper Junction—every nerve its pro per duty. AN INDIGNANT PARENT. At the Guildhall Police Court yesterday Mr. Alfred Edward Pountney, described as a clerk. in 1 the post office at Ely, was summoned before Alder man Hale for having, on the 19th of August last, committed wilful and corrupt perjury in an affidavit made before one of the surrogates in Doctors'-com mons, for the purpose of obtaining a licence for the solemnisation of matrimony between himself and Miss Elizabeth Evans Cropley without the consent of her father. Mr. Marshall (of Ely) conducted the prosecution; and Mr. Poland, instructed by Mr. G. S. Hall, soli citor (of Ely), appeared for the defence. The affidavit was read, and among other things it recited that "Elizabeth Evans Cropley was of the age of 21 years and upwards," and that the defen dant had had his usual place of abode within the parish of St. Bride, Fleet street, for the space of 15 days preceding the application for the licence. These statements formed the allegations of perjury. Mr. William Hatch Cropley, a farmer of Witch ford, in the Isle of Ely, was then called, and said— The defendant's wife is my daughter. She was born, I think, on or about the 18th of July, 1845. In consequence of certain information which reached me in August last, I called on defendant's father, and in the defendant's presence told him that I understood a marriage between defendant and my daughter was contemplated, that she was only 18 years old, and that I objected to it. Cross-examined—My daughter has lived with her grandmother. I never heard that she approved the match. I believe the defendant and my daugh ter are still living with the grandmother, who brought my daughter up and educated her. The grandmother always denied all knowledge of the defendant being acquainted with my daughter, and told me that she did not lend them the money to come to London and get married. Alderman Hale—This is a very peculiar case. The defendant seems a very respectable young man, and, the marriage having taken place, I would ask if the present proceedings would make matters better for either party. Although the care of the young lady has devolved upon the grandmother for the last 14 years, during which period the pro secutor does not appear to have acted the part of a parent towards her, I can yet feel for the father, whose authority has been sot at nought, and I there fore speak as a father when I suggest an amicable arrangement of these family differences. Mr. Poland said—l appeal to Mr. Cropley, now that he has vindicated the law by bringing this matter forward as he has done, not to utterly ruin the defendant's prospects in life, and destroy his daughter's happiness by sending her husband, to whom she is much attached, to prison. They have done wrong in marrying against his wishes, but will it not be better for all if he now withdraws from these unfortunate proceedings ? Mr. Marshall—l must vindicate the charge against my client of neglecting his duties as a parent to his daughter. The grandmother, who lived within two or three miles of the prosecutor, felt lonely, and his daughter went to live with her to keep her com pany. He was in the habit of• seeing her every Sunday at church, and frequently at other times ; and when he heard of the engagement between de fendant and his daughter, he took her away, and would not allow her to return until the grand mother assured him the engagement was entirely broken off. With regard to the character of the defendant— Alderman Hale—We have nothing to do with that here. I again repeat that for the happiness of these young people, for the father's own comfort and peace of mind hereafter, it would be better not to go on with the prosecution, which can only em bitter the lives of all concerned. Mr. Cropley said, in reply, I feel much obliged to your worship for your advice ; but there are cer tain circumstances in this young man's conduct which make me feel it my duty to prosecute him. A letter Barter in the post•ofiice at the railway station at Ely was then called to prove that the de fendant was at work nearly every night with him, and could not therefore have resided in the parish of St. Bride, Fleet•street, as sworn to by the de fendant in his affidavit. This witness, on cross-examination, said that the defendant told him that the grandmother was anxious to have them married earlier than they were. Alderman Hale—Am I still to understand tha the prosecutor wishes to press this charge ? Mr. Marshall—He has taken two months to con sider the course he has taken, and has come up 70 miles to prosecute, which he would not have done had he not already well weighed the whole matter. Alderman Haie—To show my opinion of this pro secution I shall accept the defendant's own recog nisances to appear and answer the charge at the Central Criminal Court. Mysterious Death in the Surrey Canal, Yesterday Mr. William Carter held an inquest in Camberwell Workhouse on the body of Caroline Meaden, aged 19, who was found in the Surrey Canal. It appeared that as a man named Daniel Liston was proceeding along the banks of the Surrey Can a l towards the gasworks, he noticed the body of a female floating in the water. He informed a con stable, but before he had time to return the body had been given into the charge of Mr. Woodman, the coroner's officer. She had no bonnet or shawl on, nor was there a cloak on her person. William Oxford Meaden said that he was a master hatter, and resided in the Old Kent•road. He saw the deceased on Sunday last in the workhouse. He was not satisfied when he first saw the body that it was that of his daughter, but he had seen the cloth ing since, and was satisfied it was his daughter. He last saw her alive on Wednesday week. She was in service at No. 19, Glengall-grove. She remained at witness's house about a quarter of an hour, and appeared in the highest spirits. He could not ac count for her death. Mrs. Mary Anne Bonny, of 19, Glengall-grove, said that the deceased had been in her service for six weeks. On Friday week witness left home, leaving deceased and one of her sons, with an old lady lodger, in the house. Witness returned at hsilf-past ten, and was let in by the side door. She called for the girl, and was informed that she was not at home. She was told that she had been sick. She went to her room, and found that her bonnet, shawl, and grey cloak had gone. She had no reason to surmise anything about her absence, and she never feared that she would not return. She could not account for her death, as she appeared so well and in such good spirits. She had never before absented herself. She believed the bridge could be crossed from Glengall-grove without going on to the towing-path. She asked for Permission to go out to buy a cap, but she refused her going, as she (witness) was going out herself. She never knew of any one coming to visit her except her brothers and sisters. She had no reason to suspect that she had acted immorally. The father of the deceased was recalled, and he said that he had another daughter who had drowned herself in a similar way, and near the same spot. Mrs. Bonny said that the deceased had told her that she was engaged to be married at Christmas, and that she was going to leave at that period. The father said that be had no suspicion of any one having done any harm to her, except that h e had heard that there we re marks of violence neon her arms. Francis Head, a nurse in the workhouse, said that she was called in to lay out the body. She found marks on the arms, as if some one had grasped them. The marks were between the elbow and the shoulder. • The Coroner summed up, and the jury returned an open verdict of " Found drowned." [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Consumption, all nervous, bilious, liver, and stomach complaints, in every stage, are only ag gravated and accelerated by drugs of every description, but perfectly curable by Du Barry's health restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, as proved by thousands of cases which had been considered hopeless. We quote a few.—Cure No. 62,914. Miss Lange, 18 years of age, cured after the medical men had abandoned all hopes of her recovery from the last stage of pulmonary consumption, with fearful cough, expectoration, exhaustion, spitting of blood, perspirations, hollow cheeks, emaciated to a skeleton. She is no w, thank God, a perfectly healthy, blooming, fleshy girl.—N. Lange, Commissaire de Police. Cure, No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial deafness. —Cure, No. 47,in digest Miss Elizabeth Jacobs , of extr eme nervousness, n, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies— Cure Norfolk, , No. 54,816. The Rev. Jame s T. Campbell, Fakenbam, of indigestion and torpidity of the liver, which had 6d resist ; 51b ed all medical treatmen t. In tins, 11b, 28 9d ; 21b, 4s , 11s; 121 b, 225; 241 b, 408. Barry du Barry and CJ., No. 77, Regent-street, London ; also Fortnum and Mason; and all 1 grocers and chemists in every town of the truitedKiagdom. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIO JOURNALS. POST.—The Spanish elections, it appears, are being conducted with an unprecedented tranquil lity. The Opposition are refraining from voting, and are apparently relying on the effect which the inevitable return of the leading members of the dif ferent sections will exert in carving out political parties when the Cortes meet early in next month. Meanwhile, the apprehension of a collision between the Spanish and Moorish Courts has now passed away. Spain is thus relieved from the necessity which would otherwise have devolved upon her, of herself undertaking operations which could not have been conducted by her with success, except on a considerable scale. She is consequently again un fettered in the pursuit of that policy of domestic reforms which have from year to year been adding so much to her wealth and to her position in Europe. The Cortes must decide which party in the State possesses the preponderance of public confidence. The new parliamentary career will embrace new projects of reform moreor less animating all parties; and if these designs are to be shaped into definite and practical results it is important that the Spanish Government should be at peace in all its interna tional relations. This condition is now realised. There seems thus to remain nothing to divert public attention from the internal interests of the country.. Whatever may be the precise relation of the diffe rent parties in the Cortes to each other, there seems to be no doubt that the great majority will be com manded by an administration representing a policy of well-considered improvements ; and if the Mar quis of Miraflores and his colleagues should sustain the professions which they have made, there is no reason why, at any rate with certain modifications in their Cabinet, they should not carry such a course of policy successfully through the Chambers. During the last ten years the progress of national ideas has been the originator of the innumerable improvements which have been introduced, in afar greater degree than the strength or the resolution of any particular Cabinet. So lately as ten years ago Spain was still visibly impressed with the cha racter which civil war and military revolution in flict for a long time on every country that they visit. There was comparatively little personal wealth. There were then barely one hundred miles of railway. There were few of the banks, and none of the financial institutions, which now carry on so much of the trade of the nation. Foreign commerce was inconsiderable ; the defective means of transport from the interior to the coast restricted trading enter prise which has since attained such a rapid development ; and the credit of the Govern ment was suffering from the damnosa here ditas of civil war. Since that time, however, an immense change has taken place. The revenue of the Government has doubled ; the com merce of the country has nearly tripled. In 1850, for example, the Spanish revenue was but about £11,000,000. On the other hand, we now find that the revenue for the year running from the Ist of July, 1862, to the Ist of July, 1863, was not less than £28,763,515. This result is made up from the pro duct of four main descriptions of taxes. Thus, direct taxes, £7,843,000 ; indirect imposts, £7,552,000 ; stamps, tobacco tax, and other imposts, £11,582,000; yield of colonial revenue in excess of colonial expen diture, £1,785,000. These receipts are independent of the " extraordinary revenue" derived from the an nual sale of public lands, which is applied to special purposes, and has yielded, during the past financial year, more than £5,000,000. The tonnage, again, of shipping, which was less than 1,500,000 in 1850, and 2,400,000 in 1859, is now more than 3,000,000. Such has been the increase respectively of the revenue and of the national wealth, In the mean time not less than 1,500 miles of railway have been laid down and put into actual working. The capi tals of the different provinces are thus connected with each other, and all the centres of agri cultural production with the principal ports on the coast. Banks and societies of credit have risen in great numbers to facilitate interchange, both home and foreign. Meanwhile, however, the stain of repudiated debt still hangs upon the country. So long as Spain remained poor, under the influence of her revolutionary wars, this stigma might be inevitable ; but the increase of its wealth and revenue has now raised it to the rank of the most prosperous States of the Continent. If the intention ascribed to the present Government, of attempting to consolidate the whole of the heterogeneous debt of the country, be realised, it will do more to redeem Spain from the memory of her unfortunate antecedents than any other course of improvement. The present consolidated debt of Spain is but about £134,000,000, being but little more than that of Holland, which has a population of only one-fifth of the number of the Spaniards. Poverty, therefore, is no longer a hindrance, and the order just made by the French Government in regard to certain portions of this debt hitherto current at Paris, which is characteris tic of the high principles of M.Fould, will tend per haps to roimpress on the Spanish Ministry the need of the financial measures that are ascribed to them. Spain, in truth, is a country so fertile by nature, so happily removed from the complications of European politics by its peninsular isolation, and yet so allied with European commerce by the proxi mity of irs coasts with the leading maritime Powers, as to be in a position to claim one of the first places among the nations of the world. Misgovernment first, and afterwards revolution, have prevented these capacities from being hitherto developed; but already there is a greater change from the Spain of 1850 than marks the contemporaneous progress of any other State; and there is reason to think that another few years will give to that country a great place in the politics of Europe. TIMES.—The last act of the drama which is to terminate in the final release of the lonian Islands from the British Protectorate has solemnly com menced by the assembling of the Legislature, and the address delivered, in the name of her Majesty, by the Lord High Commissioner. For ourselves, we confess that we view these preparations for a final separation with feelings of hearty and un mixed satisfaction. To us there is no alloy or draw back of any kind whatsoever. England has dis charged, for nearly fifty years, at the request of Europe, a very thankless and disagreeable duty, and she has every reason to rejoice that a period has at last arrived when, without offending or annoying anybody, but to the great satisfaction of the lonian Islanders and of the Greek nation, she is enabled to lay down a trust undertaken with no selfish motive, and regarded with dislike and jealousy by the very people for whose benefit it was Intended to be exercised. We shall be free hence forth from those periodical exhibitions of discon tent so galling to the pride of a nation whose boast it is to hold her foreign dominions by the tenure of mutual goodwill rather than by the strong hand of power ; we shall be free from a heavy drain on our military resources, from the ex pense of remodelling immense fortifications which modern science has rendered antiquated and useless, and our diplomacy will be delivered from the endless struggle incurred in protecting the interests of lonian Islanders in every part of the Levant. IVe can therefore view the steps of this transaction with out any needless repinings, and go through the cere mony of separation with that composure which we recommend to the Northern States of America whenever necessity or a return to a sounder judg ment shall at length induce them to take a similar step. We are happy to believe that the natives of the lonian Islands are quite prepared to meet us halfway, ar.d that if we are ready to renounce our Protectorate they are just as willing to divest themselves of our protection. The part ing seems agreeable to both sides, and we may hope that, as it is free from all feelings of re gret, it may be effected without leaving behind it any legacy of or animosity. The Lord High Commissioner, in his speech to the lonian Parlia ment, details several subjects which it will have to consider before the separation can be effected. The Assembly had not given its answer, but he did not think it necessary to assume for a moment the atti tude of a person who doubted what that answer would be. These conditions are five in number. In the first place, a resolution will bo required, after the cessation of the British Protectorate, and before the establishment of the new Constitution, by which the King of the Hellenes will be enabled to exercise the functions now exercised by the Queen of Great Britain with regard to the Sovereignty and Govern ment of the lonian Islands. This is, we presume, necessary, though it seems strange that the Lord High Commissioner should direct the lonian Assembly by a formal message as to what they are to do after the Protectorate has come to an end and his office has ceased to exist. It has been the weak ness of many monarchs to seek to reign after their death, but we should have thought that the Lord High Commissioner might be content, after the ter mination of his office, to leave the lonians to them selves. The second proposition of the Lord High Commissioner is that £ lO,OOO a year should be re served as the first charge on the lonian revenue in a ugmentation of the Civil List of King George. We do not clearly understand by what authority - this is proposed to be done—whether the lonians, NV bile they still remain the subjects of one Sovereign, are to pro vide the Civil List of another, or whether this also is to be deferred till the accession of King George to the Throne. To the substance of the proposition there ought to be no objection, but as it interferes with the appropriatio n o r e certain part of the reve nues which will henceforth be raised under the au thorityseekem t o Parliament, bea matter of the mayGrebeforehand appropriation of e o ai d el i robably, give rise to disputes is utes as to cacy, and may p The third proposition s of p the Lord its legality. High Commissioner calls on the Assembly to recog nise ali contracts and engagements hitherto made on behalf of the lonian Government, and all equi table claims of that Government. This is, of course, right in principle. The difficulty is that the lonian Government itself is about to pass away, together with the Protectorate of which it is the creature, and to be replaced by the general Parliament of Greece, which would not be technically bound by engagements entered into by a body itself on the eve of dissolution. The fourth recommendation is for the preservation and safeguard of British ceme teries within the Islands. The fifth is contained in the following words :—" I shall have to inform you of the terms on which her Majesty's Govern ment is prepared to come to a settlement of the debt of £90,289 ss. 7d., due to Great Britain for arrears of military contribution." We hope M. About, who has stated that England has fortified these Islands at their own expense, will take notice of this item, which ought to satisfy him that, so far from having been able to extract from the lonian Islands the vast sums spent in fortifications, we have not been able to obtain the annual payment due to us under 9efce which is now in arrear d e ,O n Oo. This demand, what ever, t to he th tr e e a a ni ty ou fo n r t th o e f ir shape it may assume, will probably be regarded as exeeedingly indelicate and ill-timed. But as there is no doubt of the ability of the Islands to pay, and as little of the perfect justice of the demand, we trust it will be promptly and handsomely met. These are the matters which Sir Henry Storks had submitted to the lonian Parliament. We do not, as we have said, question the propriety of any of them, though we entertain considerable doubt whether, with the exception of the fifth, they are subjects with which the lonian Parliament alone can successfully deal. When the British Protecto rate is withdrawn, the lonian Islands will become an independent State under the sovereignty of the King of Greece. But they will not be part of Greece, any more than Hanover has ever been part of England. The union of the two countries must, we should think, be, like the union of England with Scotland or of Great Britain and Ireland, the sub ject of a Treaty of Union, ratified by the Legis latures of the States about to unite. If so, the body which is to charge £lO,OOO a year on the lonian revenue, in augmentation of the Civil List of King George, and to undertake the responsibilities and discharge the debts of the Government of the lonian Islands, is not the lonian Legislature, but the Legislature of the Kingdom of Greece. Are we not, then, anticipating matters a little, and assum ing to settle by an arrangement between the pro tecting aid protected State that which can pro perly only be settled between the protected State and the larger kingdom of which it is to form part ? These things concern us very slightly ; but there is a question of the deepest! interest to the lonian Islands with which we presume they must them selves have carefully considered. The kingdom of Greece is very heavily indebted. We will not be so ill-bred as to state the amount. We have not, to be sure, heard much lately of any intention to pay the debt ; but it exists, Are the lonian Islands prepared to take their share of this burden ; and, if not, how do they propose to secure them selves against it ? It is very reasonable that the Greek Parliament should be prepared to undertake the liabilities of the lonians, tor we have kept them out of debt, except to ourselves. Are they prepared to reciprocate, and to undertake tbeir share of the burden which weighs on Greek finance P We shall be curious to see what answer we discussions of the Assembly afford to this question. COUNTRY MARKETS. 6 , LEEDS—TUESDAY. The market is very quiet for wheat and barley, and last week's rates are maintained with difficulty. LIVERPOOL-TUESDAY. At our market to-day there was a good attendance of the trade, and red American wheat met with a fair inquiry at an advance of ld to 2d per cental on the week. New Des were again rather easier, and must be quoted id to 2d per bushel under the currencies of last Friday. Best firiur scarce; common lots were rather lower. Indian corn iu in more demand, at late rates. --- MARKET HARBOROUGH—TUESDAY._ White wheat, 40s to 44s ; red, ;,38s to 42s per 36 stone. Malting barley at 36s to 38s:per qr. ; grinding, 285 t0N315 per 30 at, Oats, old, 27s to 30s; MIN', 22s to 25s per 24 st. ; beans, 37s to 41s per qr. SHEFFIELD—TuEsnAY. Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial bushels...lss Od to 17s 9c/ White ff , ...178 6d to 198 Od New red ~...15s 6cl to 5 Od , New white „ ~ ..17s Od to 19s Od Beans i)) ...15s 6d to 178 6d Peas, per qr 45s Od to 56s Oct Grindino. barley, per qr 3 os Od to 3280 A Malting ditto, „ .. Oats )1 2ls Od to 21s Od Flour, is sd, is 7d, and la 9d per 11 lb. MELTON MOWBRAY-TUESDAY. The following were the currencies :—New white wheat, 42s Od to 4.5 s Od; new red, 37s Od to 41s per 36 stone; beans, 39s to 42s for old; new sorts, 36s to 38s per 38 st. ; barley, 36s to 38s for malting, and 29s to 31s per qr. fir grinding; new oats, 20s to 23s Od per 24 stone; old, 26 3 to 28s. CORK-TUESDA Y, --- - The following were the quotations this morning :—Ro,d wheat, 8s Od to 8s 5,1; white, 7s 6d to Os 3d , barley, 58 6d to 8a Od ; oats, 5s ld to 6s Od ; black do., 4s 6cl to. 5s 3d. DUBLIN-TUESDAY. We had a moderate supply of wheat to-day, with% good supply of barley and oats, which met a brisk sale at Friday's prices. s. d. s. d. Wheat, white 20 0 to 25 0 Do., red 2O 0 to 2310 Do., new Barley Oats ..... :9 6to 11 0 Do., black — 0 to 0 s. d. 5. d. Beans.. — 0 to 0 Bere Rapeseed Oatmeal l2 0 to 14 0 Bakers' flour l4 0 to 20 0 Indian corn We understand that the War Department has issued tenders for the supply of more than 100 cast iron guns of varicus calibres, It is certainly strange that, after having destroyed the furnaces and cut off all the means of casting even experimental guns in the Royal Arsenal, and having expended nearly three millions of money in building up Armstrong breech-loaders, the War Department should fall back upon the old cast iron weapons, and just as we have found out that the 61 ton experimental smooth-bore muzzle-leader, of Elswick manufacture, has not sufficient power to breach armour-plates. Of what use, therefore/ can lighter guns of cast iron be ? The navy urgently re quires powerful muzzle-loading ordnance that will send their shot through armour, but by a strange perversity the War Department has awakened to the fact that the old smooth-bore 68-pounder is more powerful than the Arm strong 110-pounder, and, quite oblivious that the ordnance now wanted must be a considerable advance on the 68. pounder, has now asked for a supply of these old weapons. Is our navy, we ask, always to be armed with guns out of date? The best naval gunnery officers—. those who have moat thoroughly gone into the subject.— unhesitatingly tell us that guns of at least 12 tons can be worked upon the broadside, and we see, in the case of the Federal ship Ironsides, guns of nearly 8 tons fired with 811411 quickness as to subdue the fire of Fort Moultrie and cover the retreat of the Weehawken. How is it, we ask, that no steps are taken towards mounting such guns ? and, more important still, towards making them ? Guns we must have, and cast-iron pieces like the American can only be made out of a similar charcoal iron and after a long experience in manufacture. We can, however, make good built-up guns with steel tubes, and a number of these should be immedi ately put in hand, and Mr. Anderson, who is the practical man in factories, should be held responsible for their being in every respect fit for the naval service. Mr. Anderson hies a great future before him, if he will only give naval men what they loudly call for—a gun which will enable them to go into action with a certainty of being as well armed as any opponents with whom the chances of war may bring them in contact. The Russians have a large squadron at Now York, and their officers are not likely to throw their winter away.—Army and IV avy Gazette; Births. COLLINS.—On the 12th inst., at Satis House, Yoxford, Suffolk, the wife of W. A. Collins, Esq., Q.C., of a daughter. CLARK.—On the 13th inst., at Lower Clapton, Mrs. Chas. Clark, of a son. SURTEES —On the 12th inst., at 3, Somers• place, Hyde" park, the wife of Alfred W. Surtees, Esq., of a daugh ter. Marriages. B L I NDY—TREEBY.—On the 13th inst., at Holy Trinity, Paddington, Frederick John, youngest son of William Blandy, Esq., of Reading, Berks, J.P., t o M ar y Anne Matilda, thi r d d aug ht e r of J. W. Tteeby, Esq., D L., of 121, Westbourne-terrace, Paddington. LANGTON—DARWIN.— On the 12th in s t., a t Ch r i s t Ch u rch, Regent's-park, the Rev. Charles Langton, of Hadfield, Sussex, to Catherine , daughter of the late Robt. Waring Darwin, Esq., M .D., of Shrewsbury. Deaths. BACHE.—On the 9th inst., at Camden-road, Bethnal•greent Richard Bache, Esq., aged 55. FOSTER.— On the 11th inst., at Upper Norwood, Mrs. Ana Foster, of Spalding, aged 93. GARDNER.—On the 10th inst., at 11, Sussex-gardener Hyde-park, William Gardner, Esq , of the Red Lion Brewery, St. John-street. MATCHETT.—On the 10th inst., at Norwich, Williato Matchett, Esq., senior proprietor of the Norfolk Chro . nicle, aged 62. TuomsoN.—On the 10th inst., at Epsom, Major-Genera l Francis Itingler Thomson, ILE, aged 69. WADDINGTON.—On the 12th inst., at South Bank, Biel:" ley, David Waddington, Esq. London • Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDRE-Se, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TIIE SUN Office No. Strand, in the Precinct of ihe 3avoy, 'n the CountY °b Middlesex —Wednes lay, October 14, P 63.