The Sun. — London, England, 1863-12-09 00:00:00

3. Locke and his Constituents, Last night Mr. J. Locke, M.P. for Southwark, met his constituents at the Bridge House Hotel, London -bridge, for the purpose of rendering an ac count of his stewardship during the last session. The chair was occupied by Mr. J. Oastler, of the firm of Messrs. Hoseley, Palmer, and Co., leather mcinufacturers, in the Borough. Mr. LOCKE said that this was the seventh time he had appeared before his constituents during the Parliamentary recess, in order that they might commune together upon the interests of the nation at large, and those of the borough of Southwark in particular, and it was extremely gratifying to him to find that the course he pursued always met with their approval. Since he first came before them, his opinions and those of the great bulk of the commu nity had coincided, and he believed that the great benefits conferred upon this country, during the time he had been their representative, were due to that party in the House of Commons whom, through him, they had supported. (Hear, hear.) Since they had hot met, they had lost several most influential and active persons in the borough, and smong them Dr. Challiee and Mr, Day, the latter of 'whom had done much to promote the movement for the equalisation of the poor rates. (Hear, hear.) It Was said that the late session of Parliament did nothing.. That was always said at the end of every session, but he shoul I like those who made the com plaint to sit in the House of Commons, as members did, until 2 o'clock in the morning three days a week, and see what was done. During the session 125 public and 250 private acts had been passed, and therefore Parliament must have laboured to some extent. (Hear, hear.) With regard to local matters he expressed his regret that no site had been found in S ou thw ar k for St. Thomas's Hospital. Had the committee of the hospital done their duty, they would have kept it within the borough, and thus carried out the object of King Edward VIA charter. Diffi3ulties had arisen, however, in one! quarter and another, and now, un less the parties peculiarly interested did not exert themselves, there seemed to be every pros pect that the hospital would be rebuilt at Stangate. That would certainly be better than the original proposition to take the hospital five or six mil es cut of town ; bat he contended that the men of Southwark had alone the right to possess that hos pital. (Cheers.) Another important local question was the proposal to have a park for Southwark, which was much discussed seven years ago. The Metropolitan Board of Works, for wh om t h ey en tertained deep gratitude from a lively sense of Le -yours to come—(laughter) —had resolved that there should be a park for Southwark ; and, if he were rightly informed, they had given notice to pro ceed next sessi on w i th a bill on the subject contain ing powers for rating the whole metropolis for the expense of f orm i ng the park. If the inhabitants of Southwark were united, and did not quarrel among themselves as to where exactly it should be, their chance of getting a park would be much improved. It VOICE —The miserable dwellings of the poor are of more importance. (Cheers.) 3lr. LOCKE said he had forgotten that subject, but be thought that a park was intimately connected with the dwellings of the poor. (Hear, hear.) With those dwellings was also closely bound up the equalisation of poor rates. Complaints were made throughout the country, and especially in the agri cultural districts, that the houses of the labouring classes were not only in a very bad state, but too far removed from the places where they performed their work. One reason was that until last session a man was not irremovable until after five years' residence in a parish, but now that period was re duced to three years. The object of those inte rested in land in certain parishes was to prevent working men residing within them, because, if they fell into distress after a three years' residence, they would be irremovable, and those parishes would have to keep them. The present system of poor law weighed heavily on the working classes in the agricultural districts, because they mere obliged to crowd together in small parishes far away from their work. But, fortunately, there - was at the head of the Poor-law Board one of the most distinguished men of the cour try for phiii.n thropy, intelligence and honesty, Mr. Charles Vil liers—(cheers)—the man whofirst agitated the repeal of the corn laws, and therefore before either Mr. Cob den or Mr. Bright took up the question. (Cheers.) He was untrammelled by the cobwebs which con glomerated round the minds of those who previously occupied his position, looked straightforward, and kept always in view the principle that the rich of a community should be taxed for the support of the poor. (Cheers.) Under the present system in South wark the poor were compelled to support the poor. (Hear, hear.) The dwellings of the labouring classes in many parts of the metropolis were pulled down to make way for improvements, without others being erected for their accommodation, and the result was that those people all congregated together in poorer districts of the town. Mr. Villiers succeeded last session in extending the area for poor rates to unions and rendering a man irremovable after three years' residence. The first provision did not benefit South wark, as large parishes in themselves formed unions, but it was a step in the right direction. (Hear, hear.) They could not do everything at once. In commit tee he moved an amendment to the effect that for t he purpose of the bill the whole m e tropolis should be taken to be a union, and, though he never ex pected to carry it, no one gainsaid the justice of the pee nel • Pie that all who benefited by the labours of the 'working classes, or possessed o property, should con tribute their fouzdttdisposition among to the relief of the poor er bs to among a large class of mem aholiehthe law of settlement, which gave rise to onormona inconvenience and expense, and, especially in the e l ountry, bound down the working classes to the soil, other parishes. . i tt i. t e id prevented them going into at, hear.) With regard to th e Thames Conservancy, take hen, Government had hon, member said the n into consideration the report of the commit tee of l ast sess i on on that sub ject, an d had given not i ce of a bill f or next sess i on, making the board of commissioners, popular. Then, th ere was t more represen tative and he impor tant question of the Thames Embankment, (Hear, hear.) It was somewhat remarkable that he said b y bad Lever heard a word his constituents about the embankment of the Surrey side, (" It is Ina former session indispensable.") In a bill was passed for the embankment of the no another north Side the Thames, and last session ano was passed f or an from embankment on the Surrey side Westminster. bridge to a point, he believed, beyond V auxhall. bridge. If his constituents b es tirred themsel ves it was not too late yet to get that embankment co n . tinued from Westminster -bridge in a direction towards London-bridge. (Hear, hear.) In thecourse of the session some very important public measures were passed. First, th e re was the bill founded on the budget, taking off 2d. from the income tax and sd. he from the duty on tea—another advance in the direction of free trade, which had been so beneficial to the country at large. (Cheers.) He need do no more than simply refer to that subject, as there was hardly a man in Southwark who was not a stern and strong free-trader. (Hear.) (A Voice— " What about the game laws ?") An act was passed last session called the Nuisance Removal Amend ment Act. (Laughter.) Everybody knew the disad vantage of eating bad meat. Formerly they could seize diseased meat, but not the animal which con tained within it disease, and the act in question rec tified that omission, and increased the penalties. . Nothi ng was so insidious and so dangerous as bad meat. If taken by a human being, it not only affected him at the moment, but ate into his whole system, and Caused bl diseases and innumerable plaints which ended fatally. (Hear.) There was no queatio n en welch there was such a diversion of opinion in thi s cout I T as the war in America. Some were Confederates, seine Federals some both and some neither. (Laughter.) But it should not forgotten t hat last Selision an act was passed giving effect to a treaty entered into between this the United Stat es , coun try and extending the cf both countries p owers f or the suppression trade. (Cheers.) of the slave The Law Revision ba" the direction of Act, prepared the Lord C ian • troduced by the Attor ne G celor, and introduced y- ederal extremely importantand ' would also have en Hain off from the statut e -b ook tary effect. It struck obsolete or unnecessary acts of Parliament, whose short titles extended over 76 closely-printed pages, and thus tended greatly to simplify the lr.w. He trusted that both the Lord Advocate! n the At- , torney-General would continue their k xertions in this good work of law reform. (He hear.) They might all congratulate themselves on the general prosperous condition of the country. (" The Lanca shire weavers.") Considering the American war, the present state of things was most wonderful, and ' he attributed it to free trade and the French treaty. If there had not been that scope for the industry of the country which free trade gave, the condition of the Lancashire weavers would have been much worse, but the rest of the community being pros perous, they had been able to contribute largely to their support. (Cheers.) Now, however, matters seemed to have taken a turn, and they would be able, he hoped, soon to get a supply of cotton from other sources than America. If they were, and the cotton was untainted with slavery, such a result would be for the benefit not only of this country but for the whole human race. (Cheers.) Therefore, after all, the American war might turn out, under Providence, to be for the benefit of mankind; b u t, whatever the result—whether the North overcame the South, or the South became independent —he believed slavery was doomed. (Cheers.) It was strictly not for us to interfere in the stru ggle ; hi and as the Go vernmentiapnenopdle at large. accordance had(Cries f i adopted wot,h, No, the n o aopi, andcourse which w cheers, ftha con siderable uproar.) The poli cy o f the Government was non-intervention, which he believed had the appro bation of the whole land. (No, no," and cheers.) England had been violently abused by both the the,North ha:lde tAbengSionu.stha,xob:t race e en o th n e th w e ar w m z .s eer i o he v aad e n r continent would a p prec i ate the course Ash taken. We ought not to be too thin-skinned as to what the American press said of us, nor should those across the Atlantic be too them thi in thin-skinned as to wh a t was said resp ec ti ng the English newspapers. He did not himself believe that the New York, Herald expressed the opinions of the better classes in the United States. But however that might be, we had a simple duty to perform—to remain neutral, and we should ulti mately have our reward. The great majority of the nation were clearly for non-intervention. There were many foreign questions of extreme import ance, but with respect to a great number of them they had not full information, The Cabinet, they must presume, had, and they must trust to them as the executive, deciding those questions in accord ance with the information they possessed. There was the difference between Denmark and Schleswig Holstein, He had been in many societies of intel ligent men, and he never met with more than two who distinctly affirmed that they understood that question. Although Lord Palmerston had not said he did not understand it, he had not distinctly de clare that he did. (A Voice—" He knows every thing.") (Laughter.) But Lord Palmerston had said that it was an extremely difficult question. Prussia seemed to have taken up the matter as if for the purpose of deferring that liberal constitution which she had so long promised to har people, but looking at the good sense displayed by other coun tries, he did not think it would lead to war. Next came the question of Poland. (Hear, hear.) That was a most melancholy question, and he should deeply regret if any hopes had been raised in the minds of the Poles by the course taken by this country. No doubt the Poles were 'entitled to the consideration and sympathy of this country, and something more, but did England see her way to a war with Russia on their account ? (Cries of No, and Yes, and much disturbance, chiefly caused by a vehement individual in the crowd declaiming against the Emperor of Russia as a wholesale mur derer.) We were upon this subject placed in a very unenviable position. Twice had we remonstrated with Russia on behalf of the Poles, in IS3I and again recently, but without avail. (A cry of " Gunpow der," and laughter.) Did the people of England think that their going to war with Russia would ameliorate the condition of the Poles. (Hear.) He wished that Poland were an independent nation, and regretted that steps were not taken at the time of the Crimean war for the purpose of establishing her independence, but at present all they could do was to leave the matter in the hands of the Govern. ment. Another question of foreign politics was that relating to Japan. Our admiral on that st-tion had been found great fault with for having fired a broadside on the Japanese. Our merchants ex pected protection from the British flag in whatever quarter of the world they traded, and if they did not get it, no set of men would be more vociferous in blaming the Government. The Chinese war took place for the protection of our trade, and the object of the war with Japan was the extension and protection of our trade with that country. And if they were to have trading establishments among a semi-barbarous people like the Japanese, the pro bability was that they would come in collision with there. An English vessel sailed by one of their forts and was fired upon, and if the admiral had not retaliated, what would have been said of him? (An elector, "He would have been called a coward.") And did any man like to be called a coward, especially an officer in her Majesty's service ? (Hear, hear.) The admiral, after ample warning, fired ; but the sea being rough the shot went over the fort, and unfortunately set the town, which was built of wood, on fire; but he had not heard that any people had been killed. Therefore, until they understood the thing fully, they ought not to cc n• demn him, and should not suppose that any British admiral or officer in the army would be guilty of any cruelty if he could avoid it. (Hear, hear.) An ELECTOR—What is your opinion about church rates ? (Hear, hear.) Mr. LOCKE said he had always steadily voted for the abolition of church rates ; but he thought that the more violent advocates of that measure— and especially the memhers of the Liberation Society, who were examined before the Lords' committee—had thrown back the question. They had given evidence in favour of the abolition of tithes and other matters, which afforded their opponents a powerful weapon of attack. The hon. member then declared that all the measures be advocated were for the advancement of the people, and concluded by asking his constituents to say whether, after the explanation he had given, they thought he had done his duty towards them. (Cheers.) Mr. WELLER complained of the injurious effect which petroleum stored in warehouses in South wark had upon the health of the inhabitants, and asked what Mr. Locke's views were on the subject. Mr. LOCKE said that an act for the prevention of th e evil was passed last session, and if its provisions wer nnote tolaboim not carried earried out the House of Commons w as he South-- In reply to other qu es ti ons h e sa id notin favour of the r e c ogn iti on o f th e m, for uni rs)—and that he w as no t as a d voca t e of the versal s franch4tiffrag e , but desired a gr e at ex t ens i on (Hear, hear.) Upon the raetio T ilomAs w ll A ef Dr. E. B. JONES, seconded by Mr. L v ICER, the following resolution was unanimously passed :—" That this meeting action at the course pur expresses its entir e by Mr. Lock e i n of his Parliament, and it s appreciation zealou g end high sued affe cting attention, n ot only to those meas i n t er est of the country, but 1110 to the the general t i ons involving the welfare of the b local ques which eminently entitles him to the continued con fidence and support of his constitueuts2. A vote of thanks to t he chairman termi nated the proceedings. No HOME complete Without A, WILCOX AND Gums , SEWING-MACHINE. Simple, compact, efficient, durable, and noiseless. Warranted to fulfil all the requirements of a perfect family machine. Prospectus free on application at No. 135, Itegent-street, W;—[An vv.] [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Holloway's Ointment and Pills.— There existed for many years a great and unfair prejudice against these remedies, but such has been their success in expelling internal impurities and healing bodies scarred with sores that their worst opponents have now become their warmest supporters. At the present day no difference of opinion exists with reference to the purifying- and heal ing powers of those world-esteemed medicaments, which gradually cure diseases and remove disfigurements over defect s g of whichch medical skill heretof ore h a d exerc i se d little control. They amon have for a long time en j oye d a grea t reputation the ladies fo r c h ec ki ng p i mp l es, erupt i ons, an d other the skin, and giving them clear and rosy com plexions. THE LATE GALES, Telegrams received yesterday afternoon in the city from Lloyd's agents at Nienw Diep, on the Dutch coast, com municate the particulars of one of the most dreadful ship wrecks that have happened on that range of coast for many years past. The ill-fated ship was the Wilhelmsborg, Capt. Kress commander, built in 1853, and of upwards of 1,200 tons burden. She left Hamburg in the early part of last week for Australia, and is reported to have h a d near l y 400 German emi gr ants anc cargo ono of board, merchandise. It would general men, women, and c hild ren . She e hadan m also i seem that she had scarcely c l eare d t h e Elbe before the awful gale of Thursd a y was encountered, and the wind Ge blowing directly upon the shore the ship evidently was un able to get an offing clear of the long line of low shoals which abound on this part of the coast. The ship was brought up at her anchor, but the high gale and the heavy waves which kept tumbling in from the North Sea no doubt quite overwhelmed the vessel, and she was driven on the Ter schelling sandbank, a dangerous shoal near the entrance to the Zuyder Zse, where she speedily began to break up, and of 400 lives on board only 44 are reported to have been saved. On this line of coast upwards of 100 coasting vessels are stated by the agents to have been wrecked or stranded, and many of the crews were drowned. Several were bound for England. Intelligence continues to be received at Great Yarmouth of frightful destruction of property and life by the late gales. It appears that when the storm burst in its fury on Thursday there were from 80 to 100 fishing-boats off Win terton, and that in the course of a few hours the whole fleet was scattered, some foundering, others being completely disabled, while not a few lost several of their crew. On Monday evening there were still about fifty fishing-boats unaccounted for at Great Yarmouth, and the scenes pre sented on the quay in consequence of the assemblage of relatives and friends anxious to obtain tidings of missing boats and fishermen have been very affecting, A telegram was received on Monday afternoon to the effect that the fishing-boat Francis, belonging to Mr. Shuckford, of Yar mouth, had been driven ashore on the coast of Holland, and it is believed that the whole of the crew had perished. The Whim fishing boat lost two hands, who were washed over board—the Swallow, two—the Star, one—the Fortitude, one—the Velocity, three—the Catherine, three—Harriett Todd, tour—the Rosa, two—the Pelican, one—the Olive Branch, three—and the Dido, one, the mate. The following boats have been lost, although the crews are stated to have been saved—The Twilight, Indefatigable, North Star, Fear Not, Seven Brothers, Fortitude, Agenoria, Miriam (one band lost), Napier, &c. The loss in fishing gear, nets, &c., has been very considerable, At the Sailors' Home since Thursday upwards of GO sailors from variuus wrecked vessels have been received and comfortable housed. Two of the poor fellows were in such a prostrate condition that they had to be nursed with the utmost care ; but with the attention of the superintendent, Mr. Watson, and medical aid, they gradually recovered. On Monday morning the fishing smack Uncle Tom, of Hull, arrived at that port from sea, having on board Capt. Vetch and 12 of the crew of the bark Frederick Franz, of Mecklenburg. The vessel was bound from that port for London in ballast. She became disabled in the gale of Thursday last, and on the following day was fallen in with by the Uncle Tom in a sinking state. The crew had been pumping for about 30 hours, and were exhausted. The smack bore up alongside, and a rope was thrown out to the crew of the disabled vessel. One of them passed this rope round his body, but, instead of tying it, he merely held it with his hands He jumped overboard, and was hauled towards the smack, but when near her he was carried away by a heavy wave and drowned. At the same mo ment a man on board the smack had one of his arms broken After a time the captain of the smack ordered his small boat to bo launched. This done, he got into her, but the other seamen refused to go in her, saying that it would be certain death. The captain, therefore, determined to go alone, when one of the boys volun teered to go with him. These two rowed the boat to the bark, and at much peril succeeded in saving the lives of the remainder of her crew. The bark went down about two hours after being abandoned. On Sunday the smack Secret arrived at Hull with the crew of a Grimsby smack which went down on Friday. She also had on board the captain and nine of the crew of the bark Orlanda, of Shields, whom she picked up on Friday in the North Sea. The Orlanda sank almost immediately after her crew had been taken off. The smack Dasher also arrived on Sunday, having on board the captain and four hands belonging to a Welsh schooner. On Thursday night the Foam, of Grangemouth, and the Plover, Captain Hudson, of Ipswich, went ashore inside Spurn Point, and the whole of their crews, with the excep tion of one man, were drowned. On Monday afternoon the smack Standard arrived at Hull, having on board the crew of the smsck Rival, Captain Cross, of Grimsby. These ves sels were blown towards the Dutch coast on Thursday, and during the night a tremendous sea struck the Rival, filling her with water. The crew began to pump her, and remained so engaged until Friday afternoon, when, as she appeared to be settling down, a signal of distress was hoisted. The Standard bore down towards them and took them off in safety. The crew of the Standard had only just taken their unfortunate brethren on board when they were again called upon to put forth their exertions to save life. At a short distance from them they saw a steamer, the Lord Cardigan, Captain Wharton, of Grimsby - , from Hamburg, come into collision with a fishing smack. The smack appeared to be cut nearly in two, and she went down almost immediately. The clew managed to cling to spars and pieces of wreck until assistance came. The smack turned out to be the Test, of Bull. One of her crow was picked up by the Standard, and the remainder were taken on board a Barking smack. On Monday the screw steamer Excelsior, Captain J. Toogood, arrived at Hull from Hamburg. She was nearly a week overdue. The Excelsior left Hamburg on Wednes day evening, was overtaken by the gale on Thursday, but put back again for Cuxhaven. She lay in tho roadstead at this place on Thursday night, with two anchors down, and the engine moving ahead. On Friday she again started for Hull. On Sunday the Excelsior passed several wrecks about half-way across the North Sea. Among them were two vessels, bottom upwards ; one a vessel of about 1,000 tons burden, and the other a large brig. They also passed the stern of some large vessel, but could not see any name upon it. The eaptain states that off the Humber the sea was covered with masts, spars, deals, timber, and other wreckage. Fears are entertained for the safety of the screw steamers Panther, Captain Ruther, and Leopard, Captain Fowler. These are first-class vessels, and belong to Messrs. Brownlow, Lumsden, and Co. ; one was bound to Copen hagen and the other to Dantsic, and nothing has been heard of them, although they have been gone nearly a week. A telegram arrived yesterday, which states that the steamer Alert, Captain Dawson, from Hull for Hamburg, has been abandoned, waterlogged ; her crew had landed in Holland, and the vessel has since been picked up and taken into Nieuw Diep. The westerly gale continued to blow at Shields all Monday night, and during the whole of yesterday forenoon the weather continued Tory stormy. The large fleet of colliers which sailed from the Tyne on Friday passed Whitby on Sunday, but it is thought that many of them will be blown off the land with the prevailing gale. The greatest appre hension prevails, however, with regard to the 20 sail of ships which left Shields on Wednesday night last, despite of the storm warnings. It is feared some of them would not be able to withstand the fury of the tempest of Thursday. Infor mation has reached Shields that the Thomas Kennion, be longing to that port, from Cronstadt for London, has been abandoned in the North Sea, and that another collier brig, the Orlando, has been lost. The number of disabled ships, mostly from the north, taken into the Norfolk and Suffolk ports is something extraordinary ; and there is every reason to fear that when all is counted up it will be found that there is a sad loss of life through ill. found and leaky laden ships foundering at sea. Several ships have been seen to founder the names of which are un known. The gale of Monday did some mischief inland and upon the river, but nothing to a very serious extent. It blew in the gable ends of several new houses. At Newcastle the gale of Monday blew in the end of a house in the Shield-field. Four men were seated at dinner. Two escaped, but the other two, John Long and Robert Simms, were so severely injured that they had to be removed to the infirmary. The Scotsman of yesterday states that the gale during the last few days blew at intervals with considerable violence over Edinburgh, accompanied occasionally with heavy showers of rain. Early on Tuesday morning the wind rose to a hurricane, and continued to blow for about two hours with unabated fury. The two London steamers, one for Granton and the other for Leith, which left the Thames in the middle of last week, had to run into ports for shelter. The Hull and Newcastle steamers bad been running with out much interruption. Several steamers left Leith, but none of the sailing vessels would venture our. So high is the wind and rough the water that no boat can go out. The oyster and deep sea fishing has been suspended for some days. On Monday forenoon the ferry passenger steamer Thane of Fife, which left Granton about 10 o'clock, failed to make the shore on account of a break-down in her ma chinery. When about three-fourths of the way over a sud den lurch in the vessel caused the main shaft of the engine to give way, and brought her at once to a stand-still, the sudden 'quietness of her machinery causing considerable alarm among the passengers till the nature of the accident was ascertained. The main or intermediate shaft was found to be completely broken, and the boat being thereby reduced to a helpless condition, the captain resolved to bring her to anchor and signal for assistance. This was obtained as speedily as possible. The company's steamer Forth, pro ceeding from Granton, took the Thane in tow, fully an hour and a half after the accident occurred, and brought her into Burntisland harbour, when, having transferred the of sever stead had great difficulty Passengers and goods, the Forth landed them at the rail neynPier. A special train was thereupon despatched for g consideirnabklyee.plint the north with the passengets. ridaY eight and on Monday there was a recurrence gales at Greenock, and the vessels in the road the LiverpoNl of them draggin and Glasgow traders had gone ashore in the g is th re e p ir or a t n ed ch t o h r a a t ge th , r m ee an o y f Belfast, which left the Clyde f ' or channel. The brig A gnes idtfor , s of Port Glasgow, which left the Clyde on the 29th wi sThomas, has put back leaky, feks,aiwlsiathndlobsuslowfarstka. anchor, cable , and spars. The brig Flying Cloud, of Santos on the 28th ult, has t o h p l u o loss s b o a als The ship ashore at Toward is the John pool for Boston. She sprung a leak on the 30th ult., 250 miles west of land, and turned back. She tried to make Liverpool, but could not; she then ran for Belfast, bu', could not go in, when she run up the Clyde, and made for Rothesay. She was driven on the Toward shore, near the Castle. Attempts have been made twice to get her off, but these failed. She is loaded with pig-iron. THE SON. LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 9, 1863. ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Ythere was a meeting of this society— the epresident,sterdy evening a Mr,Lubbock, in the chair. A p a p er was first read, ' On the Weddos, a wild tribe of Ceylon," from a native, on which a discussion took place. Mr. GALTON, one of the honorary secretaries, took occa sion to notice the influence of salt in the spread of civilisa tion, the absence of that substance being generally accom panied with a savage state. A paper by Mr. CRAWFORD was then read, "On the commixture of the races of man as affecting the progress of civilisation in the New World," It was not, he observed, until the discovery of a new world that races of man of strikingly contrasted qualities came to intermix, The Euro pean people of antiquity and of the middle ages had hardly any experience of such admixtures. In the Western World the intermixture of nations which followed the conquests— first of the Romans and afterwards of the northern nations —was an union of races of equal quality, and hence it could not be predicted that either improvement or deterioration was the result. It could not, for example, be safely asserted that a Greek was superior to a Gaul, or a Roman superior to a Briton. Very different was the case in the Eastern World. There Greeks, Romans, and Goths intermingled with races greatly inferior to themselves, such as Egyptians and Syrians, and hence the deterioration to which, in a great measure, must be ascribed that decline in civilisation which ended in the dovsafall of the Roman power, not re sulting, as in Western Europe, in a mixed race of high endowment and regeneration. The New World offered to the people of the Old, or at least to such of them as had the enterprise to enter on it, a field for the intermix ture of races on a scale which was before unknown to them. Nearly the whole of its vast extent was peopled by one race of man essentially the same, although in very different states of society, the civilisation attained by the most advanced among them being, however, of a very feeble and imperfect character. Physical geography seems to have been the main cause of the differences which existed in the social condition of the people of the New World. The highest civilisation was reached in the tempe rate and salubrious climate and forest-free valleys and plateaux of the Andes. There agricultural nations were found which had made some progress in the arts, but far below that of second or even of third civilisations, ILA only of Europe, but even of Asia; for they had discovered neither malleable iron nor written language. With these excep tions the rest of the Continent and its islands were peopled by thinly scattered savages, living as hunters or fishermen only ; for the pastoral state of Europe and Asia had, in the absence of the domestic animals indispensable to it, no exis tence in America. The discovery of America introduced new and hostile elements into its population. The people of Europe poured in, and these, finding the native inhabitants too weak or unwilling to labour for taskmasters, introduced some millions of powerful-bodied and feeble-minded but docile African negroes for that purpose. From these causes a great and various commixture of races has taken place, of which the Old World affords no examples. The temperate regions of the North have been planted with a pure European race, now far more numerous than were the inhabitants of the whole American continent at its discovery ; the savage native hunters and fishermen giving way before the invaders in the same way as have done the wild animals of the woods. In the forest-clad intertropical and subtropical regions of America the European nations have been planted in fewer numbers and under inauspicious conditions, and there many of the native races still exist in a state not materially differing from their condition when first discovered. In the valleys and plateaux of the Andes, however, a very diffe rent state of society has sprung up. There a native agri cultural population, too numerous and too much fixed to the soil for expulsion or extermination, existed, and a strange admixture of races has been the result, necessitating even the framing of a new nomenclature. Of this state of society Mexico is the most prominent example. Its present popu lation is computed to be in round numbers 8,000,000, of whom one-half are considered to be pure aborigines, of one and the same race, yet speaking twenty distinct languages, fully as many as are spoken by the two hundred millions of the people of Hindostan. About a million, or one-eighth part of the whole population, is held to be of pure European blood; these are the well-known Creoles, from the Spanish word criollo, which signifies persons born of European parents in a colony. This is all that of pure European blood Spain has planted in the finest part of her American domi nion in more than three centuries, while England, in about half the time, has planted four and twenty times that num ber of a superior peopl e in a region seemingly less favour able. With the exception of the aborigines and a few thou sand African negroes, the rest of the people of Mexico, some 3,000,000, consist of various mixed races, for most of which the Spanish language has specific designations. Of these, as might be expected, the most numerous are the offspring of Europeans by natives of the country, and they go under the name of Mestizos, signifyin g literally mongrels or hybrids. The issue of an European by a negro is called in Spanish a Mulatto, a term which we have ourselves adopted, and which is evidently a derivation from mulo, a mule. The offspring of a negro by a native American is called a Chino or Chinese, from, it may be supposed, some imagined resemblance of such issue to a native of China. The offspring of an Euro pean with a Mestizo or a Mulatto goe, under the same of a Quadroon, and the offspring of the European by the Quad roon is called a Quinteroon, terms which signify that the parties have one-fourth or one-filth of European or the best blood in their veins. The offspring of an Euro ' peen by a Quinteroon is considered equal to a pure European, that is, in the fourth generation the impure blood is deemed to be washed out. The term Sambo, which in the Spanish language literally signifies "bandy-legged," is applied to the issue of a negro by a Mulatto, or by a Chino. obfsesrovaratioanny incongruous races in applies in a grea t er or IN T h o e x i r c e o s , ul a t n d o f t t h h e e s u a n m io o n o less degree to all the States which once constituted the American colonies of Spain, is a barbarous state of society, in externals mf tating European communities, but yielding no solid materials for the formation of rational and enlight ened self-government. For a full half-century almost countless revolutions, accompanied by anarchy and disor ders, have prevailed nearly over the whole of them, au as to make it even doubtful whether the people have really been gainers by their emancipation from a foreign and a very unenlightened yoke. The European portion of the Mexi can population constitutes but a small fraction of the whole, and cannot therefore rule. Even if it could, its dominion would be that of a caste by race, much like that which pre ceded it. The purely native inhabitants, although a moiety of the population, are intellectually too feeble to exert any influence. They have been converted to Chris tianity, and can no longer indulge in the human sacrifices of their ancestors, but, while not nominally slaves, they are still but the rural servants of the other classes of the com munity. Next to the natives, the most numerous class are the Mestizos, and these have had a large share in the revo lutions and anarchy which have so long distracted Mexico. The result of the inquiry into the effects of the commixture of races was thus recapitulated ;—Nature has endowed the various races of man with widely different qualities, bodily and mental, much in the same way as it has done with seve ral closely allied species of the lower animals, as for example in the cases of the canine and equine families. The present state of the earth and all authentic history, Mr. Crawfurd maintained, testify to this fact. No one, he said, will at pre sent venture to assert that the properties of an European and an Australian, of a Chinese and of an Andaman Islander, are identical, or that there exists any law of na ture by which one of th ese parties could have been changed into the other. When the qualities of different races are equal, no detriment results from their union. The mongrel French and English are equal to the pure breeds of Germany and Scandinavia. When, on the other hand, they are un equal, deterioration of the higher race is the inevitable result A pure Spaniard may be just as good as an Anglo-Saxon of Virginia or Massachusetts, but no one can imagine that a Mestizo of Mexico or Peru is on a par with an Anglo-Ame rican. In some cases, and under some conditions, there exists an antipathy to union that makes an amalgamation difficult. The aboriginal inhabitants of Spain readily amalga mated with Italians, and the descendants of these again with Goths, but eight centuries were not sufficient to cause Spaniards effectually to a malgamate with Arabs, and they finally rid themselves of them by expulsion. The Greek and Roman conquerors of Egypt, readily admixing with each other, do not seem to have admixed with the native Egyptians, who, however, afterwards readily comprised with the m ore nearly allied Arabs. Shakspere is, no doubt, in error, w h en he calls the ce l e b ra t e d Queen of Egypt a " tawny" b eauty and a " g i PsY' " for Cleopatra was a Greek, and probabl y as fair as C aes ar or Antony. When the dis parity of races is E xtr e me no amalgamation at all takes place, for an antipathy is the result, somewhat similar to that which prevents intermixture between closely allied species of the lower animals in the wild state. The Hottentots, the Caffrey, and the negroes of Southern Africa have lived im memorially side by side without crossing. The pigmy negroes of the Malay Peninsula and those of the Philippines have dwelt immemorially in the same land with the Malayan race without the production of a cross race. So great, indeed, is the antipathy between these races (as far as we know equally aborigines), that the weaker escapes extermination only by sheltering itself iu the recesses of in accessible mountains. The red man of America and the Esquimaux, although firm ed iate neighbours never inter mix. But it is in that part of the New World in which one of the highest types of man, whether as to race or c vilisa tion, the Anglo-Saxon and one of t he lowest in butt; respects the African negro, have by fortune been brought face to face, that the antipathy of race is presented in the greatest intensity and on the largest scale. There the great ma jority of the interior are the slaves of the superior, but even those who have been manumitted are still a persecuted class, and held by the white man to be as of the State o f T ennessee, no w hite person can ermarry impure as Brah m i ns h o ld ou t ca sts. Aecording to the law s with a negro, mulatto, or other person of mixed blood down to the third generation. All marriages contracted contrary to this rule are d ec l are d nu ll and void, the parties bei ng be sides considered or on of on si i d m er p e ri d e gu m ilt e y nt,o ar .190th, a misdemeanour, h a t no e ur, and puni s h a bl e by fine discretion of the judge. The laws of the State of Indiana go a step further, for by them one eighth part of negro blood vitiates a mar riage and bastardises the children. The State of Massa chusetts adds Indians to negroes in their proscription, and that of Oregon wholly excludes negroes and even Chinese from its territory. Mr. Crawfurd concluded by saying that it is the presence of the African race, too prone to live and labour in slavery or in social degradation, and utterly in capable of rising to an equality with the higher race among whom it has been unhappily planted, that has caused the present distracted state of the North American continent. The paper gave rise to an animated discussion, in which Professor Buck, Sir Charles Nicholson, Professor Tyndall, Mr. Dickenson, Mr. Carter Blake, Mr. Pope, and the pre sident took part. Professor Busk expressed the opinion that a commixture of two distinct races could not be perpe tuated unless there were addition from the original stock, and that in the course of time one or the other race would be eliminated. Supposing, for example, a community of mulattoes were settled in an island situated like Fernando Po, without any communication with whites or blacks, the white element would in a few generations be eliminated, and the black race would be restored, such a climate being more favourable to the existence of the negro than of the white man. Sir Charles Nicholson altogether dissented from the hypothesis of original distinction of race, and considered that the philological researches of Pro fessor Max Muller and others had proved that all the inhabitants of the world derived their origin from the East. Mr. Dickenson defended the negro's claim to equality of race with the white man, and attri buted his inferior state merely to deficient development. Mr. Lubbock mentioned that Mr. Mason, the Confederate commissioner, had affirmed, as evidence that the negro is a distinct and inferior species of mankind, that mixed breeds are with difficulty reared beyond a Quadroon, those persons being generally so delicate that they die early in life. Mr. Crawfurd replied to the various speakers, and the meeting then adjourned. CITY SEWERS COMMISSION, Yesterday a very numerously attended meeting of the members of this commission was held at the Guildhall, under the presidency of H. De Jersey, Esq., deputy. THE METROPOLITAN BOARD AND THE CITY. A considerable portion of the sitting was occupied in the consideration of the question relative to carrying out a public improvement in Mansion-house-street, by setting back the premises of Messrs. Lubbock and Co., the bankers. An offer of a contribution of £2,600 towards effecting the im provement had been made to the commission by the Metro politan Board of Works, but it was urged by several of the members thht, as it would cost something like £17,0J0 odd to carry it out, it was not right that the ratepayers of the City should be taxed to pay the remainder. Ths matter was referred to the Improvement Committee to consider the let ters which had been received from the Metropolitan Beard respecting the proposed improvement, and to report their opinion as to the best course to be pursued in the matter. Yesterday Mr. Joseph Daw, the principal clerk to the com missioners, read the report of the committee, which stated, that in obedience to the terms of the reference, they had carefully and anxiously considered the question, and as they were of opinion that if the present opportunity was lost for effecting the improvement great public inconvenience would hereafter be felt, they recommended, as the most judicious course to be adopted under all the circumstances, that they should be authorised to pursue the negotiations for pur chasing the piece of ground required to be laid into the street, and, if it was thought advisable, to go to the arbi tration of a surveyor for a settlement of the value thereof, as proposed by the owners of the property. A plan of the improvement was laid on the table. The ground proposed to be taken covers an area of 450 ft., the frontage being 36ft. in length. Pis 15ft in depth at the end nearest St. Mil dred's-Court, and 10ft. 6 inches in depth at the other end. Upon the report of the committee a rather animated dis cussion took place. Some of the members were of opinion that the improvement was one that ought to be carried out by the Metropolitan Board of Works, as it was part and parcel of the scheme about to be effected by them respecting the new street to be made from Blackfriars-bridge to the Mansion-house. The majority of the members, however, agreed that some portion of the expense should be borne by the commission, but they thought that the Metropolitan Board had acted very illiberally in the matter. Upon the motion to agree with the committee in their re port, an amendment was moved by Deputy FARRAR. to the effect, "That the improvement would be of great advantage to the public, and that it should if possible be carried out ; but, in the opinion of the commission, the expenses should be borne by the Metropolitan Board of Works out of the funds at their disposal contributed by the whole of the me tropolis, inclusive of the city cf London, the improvement having been rendered necessary by reason of the contem plated new street ordered by Parliament to be made by the Board of Works ; this commission being willing to aid the improvement by a reasonable contribution of the rates en trusted to them for improvements, and by using its legisla tive powers." The amendment, upon being put, was carried. Upon being put as an original proposition, however, Mr. LowmAx TAYLOR moved a further amendment, as follows :—" That this Court is willing to carry into effect the improvement in that portion of Mansion-house-street referred to by the plan, provided the Metropolitan Board will undertake to contribute one-half of the actual cost of effecting the same." In the course of a discussion that ensued upon this amen ment, Mr. SAUNDERS, who, with Mr. H. L. Taylor, represents the oily at the Metropolitan Board, strongly urged the com mission to carry out this most desirable improvement. He expressed his opinion that if they purchased the whole site of Messrs, Lubbocks' premises (for which it was said about £50,000 was required), they would, after throwing the amount of land required into the public way, be able to re imburse themselves to the whole extent of the money ex pended. The amendment was ultimately adopted, and the clerk was directed to communicate the decision ef the commission to the Metropolitan Board, and request them to return an answer forthwith. DISEASED MEAT, Mr. A. J. BAYLIS, the solicitor to the commission, re ported that in accordance with instructions he had caused a pig dealer, named Sit wart, lately residing at Cupar Angus, Pertlashir , , Scotland, to be indicted at the last session of the Central Crimin-1 Court for sending a quantity of diseased meat to Newgate Ma! ket. The prisoner was tried before Mr. Commissioner Kerr,and notwithstanding a vigorous defence made in his behalf by counsel he was convicted and sen tenced to 12 months' imprisonment, to pay a fine of £.50, and to be further imprisoned until the fine was paid. It was stated that it came out during the trial, by the avowal of one of the witnesses, that hundreds of animals suffering from lung diseases were slaughtered and sent up to Newgate Market from the place in which the prisoner resided alone, and there could be no doubt that the same practice was carried on elsewhere in Scotland to a very considerable ex tent. It may be stated that out of the 34 cases entrusted to the solicitor to the commission during the past year, and in which a discretion had been allowed him whether or not to take proceedings against the senders, in none of the cases in which a prosecution was instituted has the evidence failed to obtain a conviction. Mr. H. A. ISRAEL, while allowing that the practice of sen ding diseased meat to London was one that ought not to be permitted, could not but help feeling that in this parti cular case the sentence was severe and excessive. He thought the commission should lean on the side of mercy, and take steps to get the term of the man's imprisonment lessened. Deputy EILIOTT and other members thought the decision a very proper one, for they regarded the offence of sending diseased meat to London to be used as food as one of the most serious character. They trusted that the decision of the judge in this case would caution other persons against send ing up to London meat of the description referred to. It was decided that placards should be prepared for circu lation in several of the principal towns of Scotland, caution ing persons against sending diseased meat to London. A communication was read from the Metropolitan Board of Works, calling the attention of the commission to the various railway and other schemes affecting the metropolis, proposed to be proceeded with during the ensuing session of Parliament, and requesting them to acquaint the board whether the schemes affected the area within. the jurisdiction of the Court, and if so in what manner, and to acquaint the board of any suggestion as to effecting public improvements in connection therewith which might appear desirable, The matter was referred to the Improvement Committee to consider and report. SANATORY CONDITION OF THE CITY OF LONDON. Dr. LETHEBY, the medical officer of health, reported on the state of 192 houses, which had been inspected during the week, and he submitted a list of 32 places for sanatory improvement. He likewise reported that the market and slaughter-houses had been duly inspected, and the officers had condemned 4,499 lbs. of meat as unfit for human food; about half of it was putrid, and the rest diseased. It con sisted of 35 sheep, 1 calf, 5 pigs, 26 quarters of beef, and 61 joints of meat. Dr. Letheby stated that during the week a pig dealer, of Cupar Angus, in Perthshire, was tried and convicted at the Old Bailey for sending diseased meat to Newgate-market, and he was sentenced to imprisonment for 12 months and a fine of £5O to the Queen. The mortality returns for the week are below the average for the season. The total number of deaths was but 58— the average for the corresponding period of the last 8 years being 68. Twenty-six, ot about half of the deaths, were among children ot less than 5 years old, and there were 11 among persons of 30 and upw .rds. The chief causes of iien:h were as follows :—Phthisis 6, pneumonia 3,bronchitis 10, continu , :cl fever 3, whooping cough 1, scarlet fever 1, croup and diphtheria 3, and measles I—besides which there were 8 deaths from convulsions. QUALITY OF THE CITY GAS. The illuminating power of the gas was in each ease equal to the requirements of the Acrof Parliament, the average for the week being for the City gas, 144 standard candles —Chartered gas, 13.47 candles—and the Great Central gas, 13.45 candles. Except in the case of the Chartered Com pany, the average proportion of sulphur in the gas was less than that sanctioned by Parliament. lu the case of the Chartered gas the range wag from 17•2 grains in the 100 cubic feet, to 25•3 grain , the average being 21 . 6 grains. Some other business was disposed of, and the commis sioners adjourned. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, ' TIMES.—The most active and successful comman der whom the Federals possess has not been long in gaining what seems a substantial advantage for the Northern cause. General Grant took the command of the Army of Tennessee a few weeks since, after its defeat under Rosencranz. His presence has not failed to reanimate the beaten troops, and com pletely to turn the fortune of the campaign. The Federal Government, apparently roused to greater exertions by the hopes they conceived of their new General, have reinforced his army with men and supplies of all kinds, having within the last month hurried some 50,000 men to the neighbourhood of Chattanooga. Among these have been numbers of Western soldiers, the most zealous and the most efficient that are to be found in the Northern armies. To strike a great blow before the end of the year would be the natural desire of a Gener 11 in the circumstances of Grant, and when there is added to this the necessity of relieving Knoxville and saving the force under General Burnside or ; his successor, it is plain that there were the strongest inducements to active strategy. Unless the ex aggeration of the published accounts passes all bounds, the attempts of the Federal General have been rewarded with success. The battle of which we received the news some days since is now described as having ended in the complete rout of General Bragg. Of the battle itself we have but few details. It seems that even before it took place there was an intention on the part of the Confe derates to fall back, for when General Grant made a reconnaissance he found, according to his own despatches, that the enemy was retreating towards Chickamauga. The attack, however, may, for all that, have been sudden and vigorous enough to pre vent the Confederates from retreating in good order. They were either driven from Lookout Mountain or found it necessary to retire, and, from the intelligence which has now arrived, there can be little donbt that they have fallen back in dis order a distance of several miles. The former ac counts stated that when the Confederates were obliged to abandon Lookout Mountain they crossed Chattanooga Creek, and took up a position to the south of Missionary Ridge, on the course of the Chickamauga river. We now learn that in a few hours after General Bragg retreated in the night eastward towards Dalton, destroying the bridges behind him and the stores which impeded his move ments. Generals Sherman and Hooker advanced in pursuit, and, crossing the Chickamauga river, Hooker had arrived in the afternoon of the 26th at Ringold, a place about halfway between the field of battle and Dalton, at which Bragg may be supposed to have halted, as it is a railway junc tion, and the line is necessary for the maintenance of the blockade of Knoxville. As to the losses of the Confederates, it may be that there is exaggeration in the Federal accounts, but from the statement of General Grant that their losses in artillery would amount to 60 pieces, and from their evidently hurried retreat, there can be little doubt that a heavy reverse has befallen them. It has for a long time been asserted that General Bragg did not possess the confidence of his troops. His recent suc cess over General Rosencranz may have done some thing to revive his reputation ; but ever since that time there has been much murmuring in his camps, and some attempts have been made at Richmond to obtain the substitution of a more able, or at least a more popular commander. If the Southern army has suffered by the continuance in command of an ineffi cient General, the Confederate Government will have supported its nominee at a very great cost. The Southern soldiers are described as demoralised and possessed by a perfect panic, and, though this may be only the exaggerated style current in the country it may well be conceived that a retreat under a dis credited General after a disastrous battle is not likely to have been conducted with the good order which allows defeats to be remedied. Bat whatever may be said of the Confederate commander, or what ever explanation may be given of the details of this battle, we think the true explanation of the campaign is to be found in the weakness of the Southern army. This has been the fatal disad vantage of the Confederates all through the war, and they probably suffer from it now more than ever. They have performed astonishing feats of arms, and feats of strategy still more wonderful; they have won victories against overpowering forces, and have transported armies from one scene to another so as to make a display of their strength which has puzzled and daunted their adversaries. But the inadequate resources of the Confederacy 'save been visible on more than one occasion in the Western war. While the comparatively well. populated States of the Atlantic coast have sup plied the army of Virginia with reinforcements, and enabled it to defy during three years all the power of the Northern Government, the South-Western States of the old Union have not had the man to stand against the teeming North. The loss of Vicksburg and Port Hudson was wholly owing to the scarcity of men, amounting almost to depopula tion, in the State of Mississippi ; Louisiana has not been able to shake off the hold of Butler and Banks ; and though the regions west of the Missis sippi are not overrun by the Federals, this is owing more to their vast extent and the wildness of their natural condition than to the resistance which their inhabitants have made. 'flee States of Alabama and Alissisaippi, and part of Georgia, have raised the army with which General Bragg has hitherto checked the Federal invasion of the Cotton states, and even threatened the reconquest of Tennessee. This army has been to a certain extent re inforced during the last two months, but the accessions have been small in comparison with those of the Federals. General Grant's troops from the West were a powerful force in themselves, and the Washington Government has been diligent in marching men from Ohio and other Western States to the scene of war about Chattanooga. We have iittie aoubt that the main cause of the retreat of General Br agg from the point where he has done so much, and was expected to do more, has been the belief that at present he is not in a condition to oppose the powerful levies which have been placed under the commeuu of General Grant. In a few days we snail probably learn something more of the intentions of the Confederate leader; but it would seem that if he really retreats into the interior of Georgia, the siege or blockade of Knox ville must be shortly raised by General Longstreet. With regard to the other points at which the two parties are opposed to each other there is little w be said. There is no news from Charleston, there is no news from Texas. Tne desperate defence of the Southern seaport continues, and gives a fresh proof of the capacity of land fortifications to resist all that fleets, oven of the newest construction and the extremest power, can effect. The expedition to Texas is probably intended to take possession of cer tain points with a view to completing the blockade by land as well as sea. To come to what was once the chief army of the North, we find Gen. Meade marching on Nov. 26 in three columns towards the Rapidan, with the intention, it is said, of crossing that river and attacking the Confederates. The army of Lee, said to be same 60,000 strong, is not likely to permit an unmolested advance, and it is possible that another battle may a lre ady have been added to those by which the year has been distin guished. President Davis was with the Virginian many, and had reviewed it ; the men would therefore fight under the eye of the chief of the Confederacy, and, no doubt, equal all her former achievements. Whatever their failures, there seems to be no shrinking on the part of any class of the Southern people. HERALD.—After we have grinned comically at the Schleswig-Holstein conundrum and shrugged our shoulders with a sardonic smile at the Congress riddle, there is nothing like a right hearty look at thorough English Christmas fare to make us truly cheerful and merry. The Smithfield Cattle Show is the most practical thing of the year. There you see what science and sentiment can do in bringing out first-rate beef and mutton and swine's-flesh for a substantial dinner. The poet who cannot feed on sirloin and stout will never have the vigour and fire of the true bard ; and the man of abstraction or mechanical contrivance who does not feed on solid viands and take in a just libation of cheery liquids is not fit to deal with the facts and figures of this rough material world. There have been philoso phers who said that the souls and intellects of men resided in their chests. Unquestionably the broad shouldered men—the Platos of our farms, factories, rdwe gserer e ll e a t tit ea womenr t y t and warehouses—are the mortals of thorough„ energy. They push the world before them and make it get on. Progress is with theta and bea m " narrow, Your provement of the human race. specul,tions spare-ribbed creatures are only good at they dispLay and dreams. Even the fair sex, when nold anti firm strong mind and power, p fronts resembling wen- . no means models his tory were very mascui:ne, at by Their biogra e beauty. 'ct o ;d r ers— o f feminine gentleness any In d f a u y r s phies, also, tell us that the_rv.me _ _ that t thorough devotees to a liv pw es e w m er a e y t s h a L of scholastic o t li t e l r o a n n g c el lasts s our n (l argument,ascetic the banishmen t disputes lion end common of abstinence . Th e English Church has kept b ac k enoug h o f t h e penitential end rigorous discipline to remind us all that there is not a propensity, want, or desire of the senses which was not given us to be he ed in check, and regulated by religion and wis dom. But the life of the Hindoo or the Christian anchorite has been exploded amongst us as a weak perversion of the plain, temperate laws of Provi dence. We acknowledge the happy medium in social t system.wise, prudent, l‘re England, and glori ous old Christmas is the centre of because they are our ha own, well-grounded, and natural vea pride and s t a i n mp the th se e aehghS: What nation of antiquity thought of a choice ox or lamb but for sacrifice ? There was no science of breeds, no theory of races. Dr. Darwin has not a peg for his argument among the ancient prize cattle. Even our ingenious continental neighbours, or that inventive and creative American off-shoot of our own ,people, never dreamed of pitting kine, sheepd, pigs, and poultry against one anothe r in a gran national exhibition until England had been long before them with the masterly example. All praise to the British farmer for his start in this most use ful and most honourable enterprise and Amidst the various acts of modern progress this IS , especially our own. Italy, France, Germany', an the United States have had their sons of ecience.--" their metaphysicans and experimental philosophers, but it was allotted to England alone to produce the domestic animals as witnesses of their practice.' genius and solid ambition. How the Devons speal‘ career.. to the skill and care of their owners ! The Herefords, the short-horns the long-h or ns, the Norfolks, the Suffolks, the Scotch, the Irish, the W beasts as they are—all discourse most excellen. bucolics. Theocritus, Virgil, and Tasso are °nil, poor sentimentalists compared with the substantit!! poetry of the Smithfield Cattle Club. But how shni L , we describe the ovine innocents—the truly scene in the exhibition ? The amiable fat wethers' whether among the Leicesters, or the Cotswolds, coins, Soutbdowns, Hampshire, Wiltshires, Shle shires,Oxfords,or white faced mountains! These Wa charming idylls of their own, and each pen is q ui t an eclogue. It may appear hard to be poetic 0 , pigs, but that animal has before now been associathe: with a whistle ; he is said to see the wind, and os , only learned animal our travelling showme n c , 1 ,1 produce is unquestionably the erudite and pere nn ii. pastoral Toby. We may well suppose that there is ment, and even a certain distinction, in this spe n. oo when we see the Countess of Chesterfield only tto proud to carry off her ten-pound prize, and eve n o 0 fr smile gratification at a "highly commende d? the grave lips of the judges for those model Pel6dc, cry which industrious housemaids might well 13 ', 6 0 . for pure white bolsters. Then the late Prince Cop, sort was eminent among his other great quel it i es , d his cultivation of this useful English anime,"Z t we must felicitate Major-Gen. Hood on the ° e h — i l l care which he bestows on the serious charge an d has devolved upon him, though the silver rnen!'„ -- i n o ti the odd pounds he carries away in this exhie h " a s constitute some regard for the infinite labour he evidently bestowed on the proportions and o besl l of his Windsor prodigies. We are gravely told tbt'o, the Prince of Wales is not represented in this °P o t sition, but a hint is ingeniously thrown out that a only the heir to the Throne but his Royal 109°0°05; one day take a pride in being among the fo t r: B - re prizeh . olders of the Is'ington Cattle Show. al a King-loving people, and why not the regal patronage descend to the sources of tha t s-11 n and wholesome flesh which goes so far to ter! out a nation of sturdy and stalwart Englis hinen d The present show is a credit to the energy go t enterprise of the Smithfield Club, but it cen ,o be described as an indication of progress ices is breed and feeding of cattle. We know t n ,„ m ax here as elsewhere in the domains of ' - `,".„ 0 0 exertion, an Ultima Thule—a degree of Pet iec h . a ve which cannot be transcended. But this w e of riot reached. The judges even comPll' il vis a sad falling off in the quality of specimens' ought to be noted, and, where possible, correctt4i6 Our agricultural competitors must not halt inalli,t meritorious and highly beneficial direction. 1 ded attention, skill, and energies are now more ne e fis t than ever. Unless, indeed, public report is one /for fable, the amount of diseased meat consum ed e f I food is truly formidable. Cautious grazing, e6„rnelir and cleanly conveyance, competent veterinary e"„Jro. vision, as well as the strict pursuit of health , ' r - c il pagation, can only restrain and diminish a n t he which strikes at the well-being and stamin n , ° ` the entire population. We are all interested le, 0 10 Cattle Show just at this peculiar time. The at r r. oe i demonstrate what fine specimens ought to be. g ill constitute the proper standard. Our buyers 7ore each take their lesson from what they see heiol;, them. Perhaps here and there an energetic cool;' or even a fair young matron or thrifty damsel , 00 d improve their knowledge of the essentials of a goo dinner by compassing the points of the I °',. a re sheep, and the pig, as they stand before them, n; the accurately described. At present we are all raises mercy of the butchers, and history nowhere Pre to this order of men for their tender consciences clr delicateLchoice. COUNTRY MARKETS• LEEDS—TUESDAY. ue to A fair average supply of gra in this week . T he tra day has been very flat, and the business passing q uit b ev y significant, although a small decline would have taken. Fine barley a little lower, secondary sorts 114,W 0 , per qr cheaper. Other articles about supported last It day's rates. MARKET HARBOROUGH — TuEs ni.Y. White wheat ;41s to 44s red, 388 to 40s per 36 s tofi n e! Malting barley at 33s to 37s per qr.; grinding, 29s for ,t 7" per 30 at, Oats, old, 26s to 30s; new, 218 to 24s Pe' st. ; beans, 34s to 40s per qr. LIVERPOOL—TUESDAY. There was a fair attendance at market to -day of -°t dh on e. town and country trade, but lade business noted at Wheat met with a slow retail hale, and may Do eta ;node' decline of 2d per 1001bs. on the week. Flour we re , oats rate inquiry, at prices decidedly in favour of btlY i e v bean s, and oatmeal neglected, but quite as dear. D 3r ' e ' c ' o rn W 315 and peas brought about former prices. ludisU wiglit scarcely inquired for, and prime mixed Amer ica have been bought at 2 ' 98 Gd to 29s 9d per 480 lbs. SITEFFIELD—TuEsDA r. 1 , 06 Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial bushels 15s o'l to 113 06 White l7s fid to i 5 ocl 7, , o s 6d tO I ‘ ,, o j New red t „ .178 0 6 t ° 1 s 63 New white If )1 .. l5B 17 Beans 17 71 40s Od to 4 43 ni Peas, per qr Grinding barley, per qr Malting ditto, ~ Oats Flour, lad, is 7d, and is 8d per 2331:44s8sl0°°bddcl. to't 2:316 v°nu4c7 CORK—TUESDAY. 'zed The following were the quo t a tions this morning 50 wheat, 8s Od to 8s 10,I; white, 8s Od to 98 8d , bold to Gd to 8s Od ; oats, 4 s 10 d t o Gs 2d ; black do., s 58 3d. DUBLIN—TUESDAY. wh et. A n extremely dull market, with a small supply of 'S' e Best oats and barley cheaper, but no quotable 023115 other articles. s. d. s. d. Wheat white 24 0 to 26 6 Do., red 2l 6 to 24 0 Do., new Barley Oats Do., black — 0 to 0 a . d. 1 3 0 B Oa ea tm us ei . d . ........... 10 0 0 c 00 r) Bere ......... oto-- 0 R a peseed ••• • • 14 0 to 20 0 Bakers Soar* 2 7 to 28 0 Indian 0 ti,...... Aravated and accelerated bY [ADvE Elzr RTIs NT•]—Consunaption, all nervous, bilious are only ag 11ver, and stomach complaints, in every stage, perfectly curable by Du Barry's health restoring Revalenta pulmonary been bica Food, as proved by thousands of cases which had drugs of every description, but considered hopeless. Miss T toa a a n k a eleton. Lange, 18 years of age, cured after the medical men had We quote a few.—Cure No. 62,914. abandoned all hopes of her recovery from the last stage t' t exhaustion, spitting of blood, perspirations, hollow cheek Y consumption, with fearful cough, expectoration, derangement, emaciate d healthy, blooming, fleshy girl. —N. Lange, Commissaire d, Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, She is now, thank God, a perfeca Police. Cure, No. 46,270. Dlr• James Roberts, of Friruld spitting of blood , 11Yer Atiss partial deafness. —Cure, No. 47,121. Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigesti_o7. gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies. —Cure' rd,,, 51,8.16. The Rev. James T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfo7 of indigestion and torpidity of the liver, which had re 5,e0 medical treatment. In tins, Ilb, 2s 9d; 21b, 4s 6d; 5 ,, 1 ' 11s; 121 b, 228; 241 b, 40s. Barry du Barry and Co., N ° ' 11 . 1i grocers an r c . /,,eLmoin,,tdsoinn;eavles:yEtoolfrtlniumof ustiteidurMniatsedoni&al:;, , -----------'. --- Births. IV BA.TEMAN.—On the 7th inst., a t Castlenau, Barneef wife of Hyde Bateman, Esq., of a daughter. e DITRIIAM.—On the Bth ins t.. at 30, Brook-street, Grof; nor-square, the wife of Arthur E. Durham, Esq., °' daughter. ...., the LAWRENCE. —On the 7th of at 18, Piccadilly, W , l wife of Mr. G. F. Lawrence, of a eon. rti. PoLLocx..—On the 6th inst., at Wimbledon, the wife 0 ralanS; jno:hgEn: :. Wentwortho thesenv3. ocLiioi F. Pollock, Esq., of a son. LORINCI—SULLIYAN - 1 - 1 0 a tI rri th a e g s e t s h . inst., at St wick, and Boarhunt Hants e eß ld rY a'At Georg , -, „ ,i pi, es son ot the late 04 0 0 Admiral l.lnvsmt„. Nataßi S rn i a r r, ri C Eo h t : c . „ : o : : ` _ .,6 ' ;le: second daughter of the late ring, K . O 8., to Jea°,: v o, with, to Elizabeth, Duly ll se e c r o t u s d daughter of 4111111e8 A' Y. Nairn, E,q n NAIRN— , 11 , r * tNeleLorine. of outh,, f W°' - ' Esq., of Ivor Hall' CRool‘..—On the s;h ins Deaths. t, at iiru K w e cli k ; ; 1i n i3 R a : E p e e' . —, _ d late 6i o Ba n . ° t thei‘August. Devonshire ins last, t. H C__O A .cEcy:williros atHa t oituso ec,h Calcutta,i:srtegrt r . 1 .1 3 y scil r j , Esq , aged 71. ,-. n t ill ssels, John Ches. Croolco MASTEits.—Orc the 6th inst., at Hyde, LW., t' ii r 4 Masters, It N. aged 76. MEEcx.—On the Wh inst., at Nelkehara, Wilts, C 3 P ' T. C. Meech, of the 62(1 Foot, aged 82. s ' erf l i NEID ERHAusERN .—At Paris, Samuel de Neiderhau of 21, Cambridge-terrace , H y de- p a al' rk, aged 4. SALT,—On the 6th inst., Will iam ; Salt, Esc., of 2. '7 r f a square, E., Regent's - park . 13eclfor' SPENCEIL—On the 6 th inst., at 3, Gower - s treet, square, Riellaid Spencer, Leq• i.____ ---------------- ItIC - ' 1 London: Prinzed and Published by WILLIAg AND iv, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TIIE SUN Office N°l y e t Strand, in the Precinct of the fiavoy, :xi the Coug' Middlesex. —Wedneo.ay, December 9, 1563.