The Sun. — London, England, 1830-07-12 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALC;. A morning contemporary on Saturday, in alludire: to an article of ours on the French electoral system, ' infers that we ought to be advocates for voting by ballot in this country, because we stated the opinion of the great Majority of the'French politicians, that without Ballot in France the elections could not ht. eonductedwith,the requisite independence. " 1 / 4 .4 OM ~.., I , iTaemporary very candidly quoted the passage to 'if which he refers, and as in that passage a svecific ;eler m is given for the predilection of the kreeel -'.' for their own system, which does not npply to i , England, where the Government and the electoral 4)edy stand in a relation to each other entirely dif ferule, it would be superfluous to enter into arty , . 1 l' i o n ee 'exotaneti l on on the subject, were we not A afraid to tin eonclude,il thetfriends of getteral ballott ing even by illogical-inference. The Peered) elee . '• total system nntrb..qs ate snore remarkable for their 1 i. irlail:.ltt:ie..°llll"l";itaTrs!t; 'than their t a h r e e ir t : to r" m l 76 B eli o ta f l '-' l . :o7i ' t ,' : T.' . ,. with lite r al privilege ,---no inagi4triteies elected by the i ' t l , i of il ', C peepieltn,epto i IJ, l4, rown,---no shield inter t pesod biiiwren the most obscure eleeter in the most il remote bawler in the, kingdoM and the power tithe I,' getteral Goveromeot. The prefer, sub-prefer, mayor, `', mid o th er keel of fi cers iweach tlepartmet4 derive L their authority front the. Crown, and being realm'. ! ,141 able at ita pleasure, act us one body on the interests "of the single unprotected voteN Nor are they likely 1 .' o tet iih li,i s: e h r ete ti l ,:: y r: s t ( t )f ht t i h n e m ( d hi e s o to l m ex s, er t e h i e si e n o g u t el he tor ir i : o u- t ~' ~ % : % l t,ierd r e t thanes, if itfill‘fsit,,t).; the t i t ,t, y il ii ri j ce u fc e i l t ge ot e ' rit f . m iL s tr : l n t ii h si q ttriti l it a li t e : er c e i lt r : c ia t i t rt h id k o r sl s i i t. , : -. 1. *,,,, :I'46' olbordlinite agents. ',The clerks in the, Potl t, the direct tuxes in the provinees, the officers'or 'the tribunals of jnitiee, even the officers of the , army, their cominissionsi and consequently their means of existence, depended upon the nature of their votes. ',; Were 1114 votes of these persons to be given openly, it is inferred, and perhaps justly, by our neighbours, th a t n. 0. .(, one of theie,bulletins would tell fora liberal eatelidae.. But aro, the freeholders, citizens, and . ho,rges4s,of.England in this situation when exer 7 ~''rising their electoral franchisee? Some of the classes 'above-inentioned (sUch us revenue-officers) are for ,i'' hiddltti to approach the poll - book in E n g la nd from j :o s t ' a belief that they could' nor, •%sith our open eye f tern, give en independent vote. But the ditr,,- A:' relic° between the situation of the voters hi the two countries consists, not se much in the institutions ,-. which shelter the electors from direct power in the one more than the other, as in the very ;., constitution and number; of the electoral assent- blies themselves. . The whole constituent body in Prance, created by uniform laws, consists of only rabout 80,000 persons, 'who 'must be the greatest ',,,,, k proprietors in the kingdom, as their qualification is 1 based on . property alone. The electoral colleges ,4.. thus often consist of clubs of electors, where, cc- I i cording to th e opinion of our neighbours, a minis -0 (Hint candidate could not with safety be black balledl without secret ballotting. Accordingly, in ~ o all the, directions given to the electora by the con. .N sitirutional party, the voter is directed to conceal his 1 bulletin from the President and Secretaries of the t://7 Assembly. In. many cases the Lilierula bring a t: : huge piece of pasteboard or a ?creel) to conceal the , baud of the elector from 'the Piesident while writ , e e . o'. ~ing the name of - his favourite candidate, and mote 'tlirtii one petition will be presented to the Chamber, , . at its :text meeting, to annul returns on tne.ground L. that the officers of the colleges inspected the opera floes: of the voter, so as to know the contents' of the .' sealed paper which he, threw ..into : the urn. We need scarcely 6itow how different the electoral body. of England 'is in this respect. There are its many persons entitled to the elective trait , chiso in Westminster alorie as re! ern the 172 i ii membere for the greater colleges over the 86 de r,, of Femme! The arguments against the 7q use, of ballot in the electoral system of this country (into which we cannot now enter) have always ap peared to its irresistible; but our neighbours know ' bet their own situation, and when they assure us that without ballot the great body of .Freneli voters ... could not exercise freely anti independently their .. titost'sucred franchisits, we are not such coxcombs us to pronounce them in the wrong. 'Ballot with them extends to the 'Legislative Chamber as well 'as , 1)1. Electoral College; and, whatever may be thought tle the honour of French Deputies, we have been lt,i essured. that'the result of it deliberation, as indicated by the black and white balls thrown into the urns on the President's' desk after the appeal liinninal, is often very dial:rent from thut indicated by : the number of" ayes and noes," which he bud counted before the scrutiny by the open trial of , tilling Laid standing, or what in England would be called l' the show of hands. "—Thies. It has become a question—highly interesting, no doubt, but not yet ripe fur satisfactory settlement — to what extent, if at all, Ids Majesty's Ministers aie likelY to be atrtingthened in the Parliament now foithcommg. Certainty there is rio Administration within our memory which held office and curried on the affairs of State with 'such small majorities in both Flotilla as that of the 'Duke of Wellington since the opening of the session now, as we may say, expired. Wo have often, however, stated it as our sincere opi- Moo, that provided a Government could keep /Ile ioliols of Slate in molion, the &liter it was in Pen lierrientery numbers, the more desirable would it be that welt an Administration should cootinuc. A con ' lition Artioistry, %Odell combines the bulk of two great parties within it, is generally vicious from a double cause. Its members, for the moat part, differ on poli tietd measures, and conciliate each other by a mu. Wei complaisance ;in what concerns privete jobs. Such a Ministry may be weak from inward dissen slots; bot it is bold and strong against both King ailti country. The advantage of a " broad,bot torrield" Govermuent ; like that above-mentioned, and the solo advantage, is the facility with which, whine a useful measure has been resolved on, and ;tilt) be carried, it can put down opposition within idoors: as the only disadvantage of a Cabinet, Hu nterically feeble in either house, is the extreme de lay and hesitation with which, under its guidance, ;,the public business advances us the session proceedS, 'The Pox tool North Administration was formitlehlc from its factious .umbitiool the Whig and Oran. villa wits paralyzed by its own distractions. J. Wellington Ministry bait too much perhaps disre garded an array of strength in ordinary coedit:Ls; and the consequence has been some delay in the national affairs. Still great and ttseful mea,nreis have been firmly conducted to their cleae. On the eve of an election, the question which °more to over) , honest voter is, what candidates he might now' t o s,:nport ? Our own feelings are for the Ministry Of th o Doke of Weiliogton, and . we have more than • once ovow k Athem, because it does not, appear til us that the state of parties, and the store Of public men at present in this kingdom, would furnish 0 hatter nucleus fOr the fJoverntunnt than the Cabinet 'of the Noble Duke. Those who used to be called ilta.Whig party could not form nit 4 dminitaration - likely to lust a month; nor the Toriesr—see m e w l titti Eldon and Neweastio Tories,.....one that pooh! .1: by Pociiibility endure so long us the Gazelle ae-- , count of their ntnuals. anti offices was printing. ' Nor et•tuitl the hotly of extreme Whigs and of ultra Tede-3 , '-041 esc e ' but through sacrifices of all We. ~. I.tit t co to principle, the consciousness of which has tdreg , ly deterred their chiefs from aiming at the estahlislimeot evert of a relNiut opposition. How 1 notch mote hopelesit would be tin/ effort to manufae oire a .Govvraakeat out of such matt 1 I The natural '"ution Uttita 4!risis seems to'te ld th s ; ineor ...t potation of moderate Tortes rho h '' • . 4 : f the e%iot:ing (Ittitittet, with 0'134 hu l liv a id l iTi rl i cifti . the initlway 1)0W/11v:ft Tories nod Wiii h o lding t. men con he found, 05 with 16 leaq Ari,! ‘ i ! t ir n bil i ell ' tatter class of statesr.iee, With t ,y►. 1 . 3 1 . j *l4 A t i ftitt Co ttio tvileii r y of esndidates avows ti upon the b ust i N , Iv , 1,„ - v ,,, sa id lwfore, dint one: test with us . w o i t hi be the 4ii . position of t lieparty towardsn repeal of I he Coro I.l ' ' v , ,, _ 1 ' , ..'i4 law forciA mu Ministers by the bigotry o f t h - - .h laii4vl.l iiltic v hr., ;iw.l pressing on all otlu r interems -4 nay, on that itself., -idle; a nightmare. A second o`..%sitgliSM-o'-:: test would be a pled : 4e to cut down the Civil List, 'Lod to support, systetnatically and invariably, tc,- nernieal reform in every department of the state' A third pledge, which we should feel disposed to exact from candidates at this moment, would be one for tmabliihing the right of representation in favour of peat and populous towns, which doubt less are not adequately protected by their theoreti cd claims upon Parliament us a body ; and fin which we should be anxious to gain something, be eause they combine the three main titles to consti tutional attention--property, intelligence, and num bers. There is no reason to apprehend that an at tachment to the series of public objects which -we have- enumerated, would be incompatible with a general support of the policy of the present On vernment.— Times. regret to leer!) that the dissensions in the London University to which we had hoped an ei.d would have been put by the proceedings at the late meeting, assume a worse aspect than ever. It was admitted by, several members of the Council at that meeting, that all parties, Council, Warden, and Professors, had been in the wrong, and, tinder site); circumstances, it would have been us well for all to bury the past in oblivion, and to avoid as much as possible in future the line of conduct which bad led to the dissensions. Most people thought, after read lug the statements of the Professors, that if the Warden had failed in respect towards the Professors, there was, on The other band, in their catalogue of his oftences,.not a few which might have been u‘ Well omitted. This observation, however, does not apply to the complaints of all the Professors; for two et them appear to have substantial 'grieV ances to urge. Orui of the two is the , Professor of , Anatomy. After what fell from Dr. Birltbecic at , the meeting, and which w as mot contradicte d, re specting the treatment of Mr. Pattison, we natu rally expected that that gentleman would be the last individual with whom either Council or Warden would wish to interfere for • some time to .come. "It did appear astonishing to hingsaid Dr. • Birkbeck); .recollecting the splendid; and ahnost unequalled testimonials by the influince of which the Professor of Anatomy was ducted, that the Council could listen for a moment to the unsup ported insinuatioes of an ignorant student." Ad mitting:that Mr. Efes►lell, the student alluded to, may not merit the character of ignorant student (and in an Snonymonsdetter received by us, conveying accusations against Mr. Palliser) which we cannot publish en anonymous authority, it is said that Dr. Grant stated publicly that Mr. Eiesdell distinguished himself over Mr. Phillips and _Mr. Bleckmore,_ their two boil anatomists, chiefly by his accurate views regarding the anatomy of the development of organs) ----admitting Mr. Liesdell to be even a distinguished student —ndmitting.elso that the► Professor •of Ana tomy may have erred in u parlicular point, and tlnit the student may have been in the right (for who is !hero who can pretend to infallibility in any sci ence ?)—it does seem a strawge proceeding to place the Professor 'on his trial for insufficiency at the in stanee•of one of his pupils. When was it ever before heard of that a Professor, eminent in his profession, and elected on account of the weight of respectable testimony to his success as u teacher in more than one University, was placed on his trial for incapacity, at the instance of his own scholars Most people will, be inclined to think that Mr. Denman acted wisely wl►en he moved a resolution discouraging a systc►n of interference between Professors and pupils, which would soon • have the - effect of rendering the Professors objects ofeonternpt to their pupils. And, yet, we understand, that u majority of the Council have been •so ill-advised as to persist in this foolish system. They have summoned Mr. Pattison and body of his pupils to appear before them, and carry on a disputation, in their presence, in order that through this disputation they may be able to decide between the prole's., We need hardly say, that if the Professor were to „be fool enough to submit to this mortification, -he would be deservedly an: object of ridicule all his • life. •We • were , not-before awuro that the Members of the Council were, virtuk masters of all the sciences taught in the University; and the claim to hear and determine between a Professor and his pupils certainly argues on their part no lack of self sufficiency. We should hope that the Council will be better advised than to persist in the ridiculous design of placing tnen of eminence in their respective sciences on their trial, not on account of any impropriety of conduct; not on account of any neglect of duty, bat on ac count of the supposed discovery by some of their pupils, that they (the pupils) are wiser and more accomplished than their teachers. Take any two writers on any one science, and they will be found to disagree - on more points than one ; nay, what man is there who applies himself to any science who does not see constant occasion to alter his opinions It does not follow that because a Pro fes.3or may be in error on a particular point, and a pupil in the right, that. the Professor is therefore inadequate, or that he ought to be called to account the beads of the University. We would fain st►ll indulge the hopa that an end will be put to this foolish business, and that the expectations the pub lic were had to entertain of the benefit to b e de. tired from the London University will yet be realized,--21forati, Mronicle. It is affirmed that, there are foyer symptoms of contest at the ensuing election than have been tutted on former occasions—that few courttica either in England or Ireland, and few of the populous horonghs, will he disputed. WC are willing to,in terpret favottrUbly these signs of the times. With respect to the counties, no one can wonder that the honour of sitting fur one of them slmuld be, getle rallY'deeMed a poor compeusation for the expellee of a contest. In times of keen party dissension ' we can easily eederstand bo w it ma y b ecome an object with a patty •to return both the candidates, or to endeavour to return one, when both have been mo nopolised by the other party. But in times like the present, when every man views the question more with reference to himself individually than with refer ence to a puny, the seat which is obtained at the least expense will usually be deemed the best seat. We do not hear brat the price of boroughs hus fallen gin► the contrary, wo b,elieve them to lie higher than ever; but candidates, We suppose, tuke t he price of l' close places us u ground for determining what open places it may he advisable in theta to stand for. We are utmost certain, that if those who conduct the Go vernment of this country net with tolerable judgment, s u c h ~a thing as patty, in the usual eceeptetion of that term, will be no loeger possible. If a Minister lets it be seen that he is really desirous of reducing the expenditure of the country, he will have little to fear from etthels. It is to be borne in mind that the heavy charge for the interest of the National Debt has a 'strong tendency to deaden party violenee. The fund for distribution among the friends of the successful patty bears but a small proportion to the whole, wet - 1444re, while, on the other hand, a large proportion of the interest of the National Debt is payable to a wealthy moneyed chute thifOugh- Out the eemnry, who have less chance of obtaining Government money than the Aristocracy, properly so palled, and who therefore have an interest in fa vouring, in the jgapes Where - they possess influence, - the return of Membera dispoeed to support econo- mieal Measures. Great cliangee bevp token place in the distribution of property in this country Withie the last thirty years; the number of men in intle• pendent pireumstauces is infinitely greater ; and with the spread of intefligenee, we may reasonably hope that this independence will be pi rye and more use folly directed. We are therefore inclined to think that every fresh election will strengthen the ability of the Goster, - A - 4. , ;4 to resist interested cab.tis and of this we are certain, that . PQ Government of this country need any longer to be in apprehen sion of opy hind of great families, such as those 411 " 4 " 1 - (0 in a PanlPhiPt to which we lately alluded. We'do not think that MtiticiMit Ouwatice 6 in ge neral Made for the increased independence through out th o country, from the greater diffusion of pro petty. When cire: , ory King drew up his accoutit of Englund landeeptoperty vas all in all. Tin: franchise was then as much that of the landlord as if he had' voted himself in right of his tenants. So We as 1781, when the first edition of Sir John Culluns's valuable " History and Antiquities of Hawster was published, the connection between landlord and tenant was almost as dose as that be. tweet' a Polish Lard and his slave. Sir john, living in one of the most improved counties of the king dom, Seffolk, says, " till now there used to be a close connection between. the landlord and the tenant; the latter looking up to the former as his patron, and desirous of showing him every mark of attachment maid respect ; but in the contested elec tion for the county in April, 1784, when several gentlemen canvassed their tenaets, they found they had already engaged their first votes, and we re , even denied their second.". Sir John was drereb fully alarmed at this new " feature in the chit.. raeter,' of the, age.. Horace 'Walpole, giving an account of, his last election for Lynn, , spemik4 af the . peopl e as having b een li tt l e bet ter tha n savages when he was before among them. After dwelling on the fatigues, he observes, ":Yet to in the folks justice, they ore sensible, and reasonable, and civilized; dmeir very laeguage is polished since I lived among them. I attribute this to their more frequent intercourse With the world and the capita, by the help of good roads and post-chaises, which, if they have abridged the King's dominions, tweet least tamed his subjects." It is not long since even Westminster was little better than a borough be longing to two or three Noble families, The in creasing respectability of the people will alone pro duce a considerable revolution in the mode of exer cising the franchise. In many places the respectable inhabitants have had their eye on Westminster, And ,:endeavoured, by combination, to thwart mmo4/4 to ignorance and poverty. Though, therefore., k would he in vain that men should expose themselves and their families to destruction by an independent exer cise of the suffrage, yet the number of those who can afford to be independent is constantly increas ing; and the time may not be far distant when the number. of independent places may be so great as to outweigh the close places so much as to render pro perty in boroughs of little value. It is only the power of reaching the public purse, which gives stable to rotten boroughs.—Mirreing Chronicle. We direct the attention of our readers to adetter in another part of our columns fromn a correspondent, explaining, in an accurate and forcible manner, the nature and effects of the Chancellor of the Excite quern's lute plasm for a modification of the sugar duties. We might perhaps on this subject have adhered to the maxim de mortnis nil nisi bonum, were it not evident that something like a revival of the defunct offspring of financial " ingenuity" was contemplated at a future time, and that feelers were put forth for that purpose in certain quarters. It has been stated that " the West India planters are already regretting the loss of the former Sugar Bill, and that it WAS the greatest boon ever offered." We suspect that the regret of the West India planters for the loss of this " great boon" will not make them mourn as men without hope, for assuredly they must feel that the same ingenious talents for finance, to which they were near being indebted fur, so great an oblige- . tion, can, at any time they choose to solicit the favour, find out some method of conferring on them a boon as valuable and acceptable its that which they have lost. It is impossible that the !libe rality or the invention of the Chancellor of the Exchequer can have been exhausted by this' one effort of financial generosity. 13ut, in reality, if there were any boon, who was it to :be con ferred on ? Was :it the West India .plaritere ? No, they are not quite so ignorant of their own in terests as to reject with disdain the " greatest boon that was ever offered for their benefit. On whom then was the advantage to be . conferred ? The effect of the proposed alteration would be to give a bounty to Matiritius sugar at time expense of the old colonies. It was generally considered that Mauritius sugar was already sufficiently favoured, and certainly the rapid increase in its cultivation appears to bear out that fact. it is worthy of. the consideration of financiers, who are at all capable of taking a corns prehensive view of great interests, whether there its any prospect of the Mauritius being ever likely to afford a " vent" for the produce of the manu facturers of these countries to any considerable ex tent. If not, sound policy should induce the Legis lature to pause before it ever adopts a system like that proposed by the Bill in question ; which, in its practical results, cannot but prove pernicious. But even a fixed rate of duty ut a trifling reduction can produce but little benefit to the planters or the public, whilst it must cause a certain loss to the revenue ; whereas a considerable reduction in duty would occasion such .an increased consumption as would materially benefit the planters and the public, without the revenue receiving any de triment. When it is considered that sugar bears now but one-half the price it did during the war, mmn that the war duty has been contimed during, the time of peace, the tax upon the article may be cum sidered as doubled, and in this point of view the claims of the planters to effectual relief become irre sistible to every reasonable mind. As to the .Cisn cellor of time Exchequer's measure, it violated the first principle of a good law—uniformity of opera tion. This defect would have been productive of great mischief, by rendering all time markets in the kingdom infinitely mere unsteady and uncertain than they could possibly be from any circumstances arising out of the ordinary course of trade. To illustrate the working of the proposed measure our corres pondent makes time following maculation. He sup poses the Gazette average of sugar to be 255., and then proceeds to say— Sugar Buhl at 265. would be subject to 275. duty. Ditto 265. Ditto 255. 6d. Ditto 234 Ditto 245. Ditto 21s. Ditto 225. 6d. Ditto 20s. D:tto 20s. So that a certain quality of sugar, which, in one market, might sell for 205., and be subject to 20.. duty, If sold for 20s. Id. in 225. ad. duty If sold for 21s. Id. **otter market 240. If saki for 28s. Id. would ha hunject to 265. 6d. From the above statement it is clear that, with re- spect to direct importations, the importers •in one market would frequently be called upon to pay fi OM 12f to 27! per emit. more duty for the some deserip aoh of sugar than the importers in another. But u frequently happens, in the course of a season, that there is a redundancy of sugars in one market, and a scarcity in another; and it is of the very first itn portanee in such eases that markets should have every facility mutually to relieve themselves—ibe one from a depression of price consequent upon an over-supply, and the ether from the dearness and inconvenience arising from alearcity. 'lt is quite evident to every person of common sense that the Legislature should not impede the tendency which markets have to equali - ze themselves by apportioning th e supply to the demand; and it is just as clear that a fluctuating duty would throw great impediments in the way. It should also be taken into account that, the tendency of the measure was to discourage the industry, and improved machinery employed in t h e cultivation of the €tap,le commodity of the Bri tish West India colonies ; for, in the prepisu pro- portion that the' planter is enabled thereby to purchase a superior article, the proposed law would operate to give a bounty to inferior sugar. A &- proportionate demand for the inferior article would censequently arise, *tip° would follow a cor responding depreSsion as to the better torte ; neglect in the culture of superior sugar would ensue, and in a few years all sugars produced would be nearly equally indifferent, and, consequently, of about the same value and then l after the infliction of a serious-- p erhaps an irrep ara bl e , — i njury on thel manufacturer, the scale of duties would become . , in a rent measure, if n et w h o ll y , -inotierative and ti fixed doty, Ilihrtly a fixed duty, would prevail. It has been indeed asserted that, because an urj yahoo) ditties attaches to tea and cotton, it isnppli ee hle to sugar also; but the caws are totally dissimilor Utolcr eirennisonees so unlike there can be un parity of reasoning. The sales at the East India 1 House ectermine the diity on tea for the puked Kingdom ; and, as to cottoni the duty on the ar. ; ride is trifling; whereas that on sugar is about 100 per cent. on the value. On these grounds we con sider the Chancellor of the Exchequer's measure so objectionable, that it is no better than an insult to common sense to tell us that the resistance and ridi cule which it met with in Parliament have not prc ' vented the West India planters from mingling their sorrows with those of the Chancellor of the Exche quer for its untimely extinction Z--Morning The result of the French expedition against Algiers, although gratifying to the national vanity of France, and in some measure creditable to the present Administration, has had no effect upon the ekctions, and is not likely to produce any change in the sentiMents of the majority of the Members of the - Chamber of Deputies towards the Polignac Cabinet. Out of the 290 mein bete already elected, 181 are opposed to the Government, and only- 109 in favour of it—a sufficient number to watch the proceedings of the Libeills, were they in office; but not sufficient to enable any Minister, considering the spirit by which the Liberals, and full threefourths of the people of Fratice, are animated, to carry on the Government. It may, therefore, be considered as a point settled beyond all dispute, that the Polignac Cabinet must resign its seals of office and that the only chance of the Bourbons retaining in their hands any efficient iufluence over the proceedings of the Executive, is by throwing themselves into the arms of the more moderate of the party opposed to the existing Cabinet, and, by thus dividing ittestrength, rendering the Opposition comparatively powerless. But, although the capture of Algiers can have ne effect upon the continuance in office of the exist= ing Cabinet, it will unquestionably give rise to the agitation of questions of great importance, not only to this country, but, in all probability, to the peace of Europe. We cannot for a moment suppose the Government of this country to have been so unwise as to have permitted the French expedition to leave the coasts of France, without having obtained some pledge that the conquest of Algiers should not lead to its permanent occupation; but will the French Government keep its word, or will it not rather be inclined to 'assert, eking with the majority of the people of France, that the right of conquest gives also the right of occupation ? It must be owned that the French people, as well as the French Go vernment, have received from us abundance of les suits to the above effect in all quarters of the world; and the advantages which might be derived by France from the occupation of the Algerine territory are so. numerous, especially in the event of a war with England, that it ought not much to be wondered At should they determine on practising them. Pretexts in abundance, every one knows, are always easily" found, when there is a reason for finding them ; and although the French Government may have pledged itself to withdraw its troops on ob taining satisfaction from the Dey, there can be little doubt that it might assign many substantial reasons for not fulfilling its engagements. But even sup posing the existing Cabinet to be inclined to with draw the French army from Algiers, what ground is there to believe that its successor would be of the same mind ? The French people, as we have just observed, are in favour of a permanent occupa tion; and the Liberals are equally inclined to ex tend • the territorial dominion of France. Besides, however shameful the act might be, no new Mi nistry could signalize its accession to power by a more popular act than that of refusing to comply with the pledges given by the Polignac Cabinet, one of whose alleged crimes is tharof favouring the views of England, to the prejudice of those of :France, and, asserting boldly its right to the con quest which has . been made. We do not say that such will be the case, but simply that there are suf ficient grounds for apprehending it; and assuredly our fetus are by no means abated by the description of the fertility and natural wealth of the Algerine territory, from the pen of De Hemso, which a cor respondent of the Athenceton of Saturday last has communicated to that paper, and which will be found in another column .-- Mo rning Advertiser. LAW INTELLIGENCE. COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, JUTX 10. D'ARANDA V. LANDELS. This case, which lasted until a late hour in, the evening, excited the • molt lively interest in a very crowded Court. Several ladies, friends to the parties on both aides were present. Mr, CoMYN opened the pleadings. The declare tion stated that the plaintiff, being a person of good fame and reputation, and. carrying on the business or profession ,of a surgeon, had made proposals of marriage to. one Mary Ann Nott, the daughter of one William Nott, and was about to be married to the said Mary Ann; that the defendant, maliciously intending to injure. the said plaintiff in his good name, and to cause it, to be believed by all his neigh bours, and especially by the Said Mary Ann .Nott and her father, that he was a man of despicable character, full of deceit, of a sordid, debauched, and wicked mind, and in astute of insolvency, and that his only object in marrying her was the base expec tation of obtaining money to throw away in .de 'bauchery, falsely and maliciously published of and Concerning the said : plaintiff, and the said advances of marriage, certain false and defamatory libels, whereby the .said plaintiff was brought into great scandal and disgrace; and the said William Nett, in consequence thereof, refused to permit his said daughter to intermurry with him, or receive his visits and addresses. The defendant pleaded that lie was not Fuilty of publishing the libels, on which issue was joined. • • • Mr. Sedeant WILDE stated the plaintiff's case. The plaintiff was a respectable Surgeon .residing at Pentenville.. He had become acquaieted with the family of Mr. Nott, an eminent wholesale sta tioner in that neighbourhood, who had a daughter possessing considerable attractions. Having fixed his affections on this young lady, he requested and obtained permission to pay his addresses to her, and was aceepted as her future husband. The defendant was also a surgeon; he and the plaintiff had once been friends, but how that friendship bad terminated it was unnecessary to stop to explain. They were friends, however, no longer; and the defendant, fut some reason or another which was best known to his own breast, determined to defeat the intended marriugelf he could. For this' purpose be first wrote a letter to Miss Nott in the terms which 1w should presently describe. Women, however, were generous beings,. much more so than men when they once bestowed their confidence, -it was not an easy matter to induce them to withdraw it. • The defendant, therefore, would not trust to. Miss Nott's discretion on the subject ; and in comet, time after wards wrote to her father., Now, if any thing could even excuse a person for allowing his mind to, be operated upon by the contents of an anonymous_ letter, it was the eiieumstance of their relating to what seriously affected the liapploess of his Which is always dearer to a father's bosom than his own.. Mr. Landels hit his mark here. Although it was difficult to suppose that good nature could ever he futindetion of en anonymone letter, and although Mr.:Nott might despise Ole man who lied ,not the courage to speak out in his own proper cha racter, still Mr. Nott might say to himself, " The writer may be in possession of information of which I am not and therefore mist 'reuse tititil these aurigea are eleared up." Mr. Nott and his family, however, acted an honourable part towards the plaintiff; for although they might have politely dis, missed him, and kept the cause a secret in their own breasts, in order to avoid being firelight forward before the public, they placed the letters in Mr. VArentla"s ham], and thus gave him the opportu nity atuhtehotrk'orrtlf-tiencsilri: proving by of dag n g t i i i i i e g slanders, e C r F o t u r afford andh tin -coeugiqn of proving the truth of OM if he could, The plaintiff had done so, but the defendant ward either t o prove pleaded the ge n e ra l issue. Instead of coming fun or disavow the truth of the libels,' he i;oriteated hiralielf with saying he hqd not written them. By this means he 'aggravated the injury to the plaintiff. He (Mr. Serjeant Wilde) would now proceed to rend the letters, and the Jury would see that they were written with consummate. art, and well calculated to effect the writer's per= pose. They even professed to come from different persons, in order to give them more weight. In the letter to the daughter the writer styled himself an unknown friend; whilst in that addressed to the father he stated himself to be ,4 stranger. The first was dated the 27th of February, 1830, and was in these terms :-- • ‘f If Miss Nott will listen to the advice of an old friend, and If the has the least regard for her own happiness, she will in. stantly spurn the advances of one of the most despicable beings of the human race; one Whose soul is deceit, and whose only object is money." This letter Miss Nott, with a degree of prudence stud propriety of conduct that commanded respect, placed in her father's hands ; anti shortly afterwards another letter was received, addressed to the father himself. Now, let the Jury observe every part of this letter, and see with what cunning they were contrived, so_ that they might each. _combine, one with another; - to give effect to the whole. (Tile Learned Serjeant here read the following letter, which he commented upon as lie went along ) Mardi 5, IMO. Sir,—You are about to decide upon 'a point upon which hangs the future happiness of your child: — rause, and inquire into the character or the person who would become your rela tive. I know him not, therefore I do not spealefrom pique or resentment, but from a desire to deliver a young and innocent girl from the net which is cast for her. Rely upon It, Sir, that he only seeks such an alliance because he expects money, that he would afterwards throw away in debauchery and every other crime. Fle is every thing that Is base, sordid, and fiendish and is now its a state of insolvency. • (Signed) cultich" Such was the case that he (Mr: Serjeant Wilde) would lay before the Jury, and on Which they would this day have to pronounce an opinion. William Nott, examined by Mr. COMYN—I am a wholesale stationer in the city; I reside at Penton ',Hie with my f • amily ; Mr. D'Aranda, the plaintiff, is a surgeon and apothecary in Pentonville; I have known him four or five years ; he paid his addresses to my daughter with my consent; there was no time fixed for the marriage that I know of, but it was agreed that it should take place; during the time that he was paying his addresses I received a letter : I saw another addressed to my daughter before that, which she showed me. My daughter's christian name is Mary Ann ; after I received the letter I communicated it to Mr. D'Aranda, and de sired that he would desist from visiting at my house. Since that he has not visited, except once. 1 showed him both the.letters, which, at his request, I left with him. Mr. D'Aranda still lives at Pentonville. Ido not know the defendant. The letters allude, in my opinion, to Mr,,,D'Aranda. Cross. examined by Mr. Serjeant TApDV—Mr. D'Aranda lied paid his.addresses.soMe -. time before 1 was asked to give my consent to them; my daugh ter May have met Mr. D'Aranda, sine be ceased visiting, casually in her walks; my dismissal of the defendant was not unqualified : it was with the un derstandiag that it should be so till the charges were cleared up. Re-examined—l have two daughters married, one unmarried, and a son. Mr. Taylor, examined by Mr. Serjeant WILDE— lum u surgeon. I know Mr. Landels, and have known him for eight or ten yams. He was ap prenticed to me. He lives in Northampton-square. I am well acquainted with his hand-writing. (Shown the note to Miss Nutt.) I must say I believe this to he in • the defendant's handwriting. Inm ac quainted with the turn-of expression in his style. • Mr. Seijeant 'WILDS—Do you believe that to be his style'? The witness said he thought it was. James Swayne, examined by Mr. COMYN—I am a surgeon, and reside in the neighbourhood of Pen tonville. I have known the defendant for several years. I have also known the plaintiff. I intm.. duced them to each other. lam acquainted with the defendant's hand Writing. I have scarcely a doubt on my mind that the handwriting in both the letters is his. I have seen a variation in his writing. He sometimes writes larges, and sometimes smaller. In my (Onion both these are from the same pen—. the same hand. It is a disguised hand—an attempt to disguise his natural hand. Thomas Huxtable, of St. John-street, drug g i s t, I with whom the defendant had, for, some years, dealt for drugs, expressed his belief that the libels were in the defendant's handwriting. Mr. Serjeant TARDY, for the defendant, said that no damage had really accrued to the plaintiff from those letters; and as to him, he had no further in terest in the present cause. He had accomplished all he could desire—the vindication of his character by the publicity of this proceeding. The defendant disclaimed the authorship of the letters in question, and put no justification on the record. Nothing further could be gained by the plaintiff, therefime; while to the defendant, the case was one, as it were, of life and death. If the. Jury gave a verdict against him, his character would be for ever blasted, his prospects in life ruined, and he would never ; again be able to hold up his head in his profession, To him, therefore, the case was most important; and it behoved the Jury to look at the, evidence with the same caution ,ns if ; they were trying. a case of for gery. It was difficult to conceive why the action was still pressed on, when it was clear that the marriage bad not been prevented, and - no possible advantage could result to the plaintiff from a ver dict. The defendant most positively disclaimed all convection with the writing of these letters; aryl let that disclaimer lie tried by probabilities. He was a married man; he could not therefore become a rival suitor of' the plaintiff's. 'What possible ob ject, then, could he have in wishing to break off this marriage.?. Whe re was t h e mot i ve ? an d people did not do things of this kind without me-. tives of some kind or another.. He would now pro ceed to call several respectable witnesses who had been, long and well acquainted with the defendant and his handwriting, and without having previously seen them they would state their belief as to the handwriting in the libels. The Jury would then give such testimony all the weight it deserved. They would hear in wind, too, that the consequences of their verdict would be most momentous to the defendant. . Mr. John Hohnere,'n' surveyor from the Iloyul Engineering department, hud known Mr., Londels for nine or te n y e a rs ; some misunderstanding at present existed between him and the defendant; he had bad frequ e nt o pp or t un iti es o f see i ng M s hand writing, which he knew well ; he had not seen the letters in question before he came into Court to-day ; he was certain they were not in his hand-writing, and he believed them to be an attempted imitation; the lettets y and e were very dissimilar to the way in which 'he wrote them. Mr. Henry De Jersey, the defendant's attorney, mated that ho had applied for an inspection of tlii letters, but was refused; he had been acquainted with the defendant ever since he had left school; on his solemn oath ho believed the band-writin g Nb:0; not Mr. Landel,'.' Mr. John Hay, Mr. B. •S:ubbing, Mr. John Richards, Mr. Archer, and Mr. Wright, gave similar testimony. • •., Mr. Serjeant Wiwi?. having replied at consider ab!e length, , . The Jury retired at six o'clock, and at half-past nine returned into Court, finding a verdict for thy defendant. The unfavourable weather we are experiencing intorfores seriously with the progress of the hay harveSt. There have been only two flays of any thing like fair weather this week, viz., Monday and Th►usday. On those days much grass was cut, which we fiat- will have to rot on the ground, unless it is washed away by.floods._ a likely ogeurrence in many places.—Skfiroi dskire Aferc. SOPUOCLES.--The ungrateful and impious children of Sorktoct.rs summoned him before the Judges, on the pretence of lunacy, that they might obtain a deere to take possession of his estate, lie mule no tuber deferic,. than by reading the tragedy of (Edipus et Colouni," which he was then composing. The Judges. were de tic performance, and he carried his cans,. unanimously. TI, is would be a good subject for a pocai. ...Rutherford's View of Ancient History. . MARRIED. , On the 10th in s t. a t S t . Pancras, Mr. t" solicitor, of S aw b r id gewort h, H erta , an d of e; 1 1).0, row, Landon, to Susanne, daughter of Hirt of Frederick -street, Gray's-inn-road. On the 6th inst. at Gl a s gow , A. Fettifet I `:T,l, chant, Lon.lon, to Niagara, eldest-daughte r ken Esq., Glasgow. s f On the Bth itta. at St. Clement Danes. "J r `, I ham, of Chelnutf or d an d B ermon d se y, .to A l ' J 'laughter of th e l ate M r . James Fisher, 9"" 'laughter of Thomas Ettrtinee, h`sq. o f Londo n ' wood, Surrey. ket On the 9th met, at St. Martin's, G. It of Chesterton Lodge, Oxfordshire, Yo" 11, "" 1 Clarke, Req., of Hyde Hall, Cheshire, sou 0 1 • I , Otsego Lake, St a t e o f N ew Y or k, to Elisabe" daughter of the late Bev. H. Byron. e On the fith Mitt Mr. It. C. MOO, late 0. 04/ 1 to Eleanor, only daughter of Mr. 'Taylor, Kent. DIED. On the 10th inst. Elitsbeth, the beloved nit'', IlandaY, Esq., surgeon, Upper Stainford'atre"::l 99th year. On the 9th in.t. at Woolwich, .Mr{. C.1.V114,4 Commodore White, and eldest daughter of 06/ ' Dalrymple. On the 9th inet. at Littleentt, Wilts, in be y 19/.. 0 1 ot hl Dorothy, th e te,t slaughter of Lieut.:Gen. I .0 , 01 On the 7th inst. Lady Harriett Skipwith, ' Gray Skip w ith, Bart. o f Al ee ston, Warwielzahl.,l On the 9th inst. Eliztheth, relict of R. Ea nf Edtnonton. 11 1 1` 1 On the'llth inst. Mr. W. R e a l e, of Ca**lffi On the 10t1, inst. Emily, only daalPdc r of C ield, EN., of Grove.place, Hackney Put ~ t )11N" NTLO AND PunLlstrru by Artnzpo THE - Sus Orrzcs, 119, FORAND, , . .. . UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENtE OKYORD, Jima 9.-On W e d n e s d a y, in A full Cast' tion, a dutiful and loyal Addreis of Condolence °° tai: of the late King, and of Congratulation on the s erail' his present Majesty, was read and unanimouslyagre k I and at the same time it was determined that the L, -- should be presented te'his 21Iajesty by a fall delegil ECCLESIASTICAL PREFERMENTS. , The Rev. William Hazel, /II.A. Chapl. , in or Church, has been presented,' by the Dean and Or , that Society, to the Head-Mastership of the School, Portsmouth. The Right Hon. Lord Thomas Hay, 51,A. tlf , College, Cambridge, to the Rectory of Rendlerha'; folk, void by the death of the Rev. C. Heolcy. - The Rev. W. A. W. Keppel, B.A. to the ~ Brampton, Norfolk. , •,-. , . '',"-•.' DURINO ria.srr WEEK...!. - COUNTRY CORN MARKETS.: .. Wheat, i Barley. 1 Oats. Per Quarter. s. to s. s. to 1. t. IA 1. ". Carlisle.------ - 68 - 43 - 31 --' `• '. Carmarthen__ a _ 40 _ 20 - .. Ilexham-___ 1,2 72 ..w, 81 29 20 Morpeth -,...-. 60 72 33 38 23 1 d .. Penrith ----....- 64 1... 39 - ''"' • Slieltieki .... •73 - -.- ~- Winchester .48 76 ~ 127 34 21 6-i • Per Bushel. 's. 1 .4. .„ 4, ..4, 5, il. s. J. . ~ i Coventry ' 70 90; , 4 8 5 4 3 6 4 0 Newcastle (Staff.) 10 6 11 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4 ° Northallerton --. 7 0 9 3 3 6 4 6 3 3 4° 4 Statrord ....- - 90 94 59 62 36 4 ; Swansea ........-....... 8 6 8 9 4 6 4 8 9 3 '2 t; ; Warwick 9'o 10 0 4 6 5 0 3 3 4 0 I, _ Per 8011, I • Barnanic.utle -.. 17 0 20 (1 19 6 10 0 6 6 Ii ) i) t '-'. -• Durham .18 6• 20 o; ' Si 0 10 0 is 6 89• t . Richmond -.-- Oil 0 20 0. 1) 0 10 0 7 0 gt' tl'Stackton----- tl7 9 19 0, 8 0 -9 0 4 8 7 '' r WAKEFIELD CORN MARKET.--.101/4'; There is a very short supply of 'Wl,eat here tW both from the farmers and up the river ; the h` t/ - • are taken off at an advance of 3.. per quarter; 4- ' sorts, if fresh, are 2s. higher, but there is ntA ' , :. provesnent in very ordinary and unwed (I.', Good fresh Oats are in demand and rather dearer , is more inquiry for good hard /leans, at an bn , t , of Is. per quarter. There have beets two ort warm days during the week, but much rain los, intervals; to-day io showery, with eTury,app. ' : unsettled weather. Wheat, R w ed h , ite N v o cte r wi f d olk and Su Wolk 1 595 t.: 64, 6 6: 1 , 1 : t ttuo o f 0 .5 3t 0. 17:: -.---- N ew 60:. 05s. to Ohl- 01. - Foreign, R e d 5413. 421 i. to 703. t e ie, White ........ 641.• 675. to 70t. Barley. Norfolk and Suttblk 34. to 311 , . '• . - Lincolnshire 304. to 321. : - Yorkshire Wold 303, to 2.15. - Foreign ... ..... .............. "..-41. to "" 4. Beans, Old --..... New 37c to 4tal• 4 Oats, ,Potato tres to .''. - Poland "li 'ids. to .9fs. --- Friezland and Sinai! . .93i, • , 51. to t•Ss• - • --- Stealing I4J. to Pk!. per Shelling .34i to ads. tki. ~,' Malt 403. 43i. fine 45,1 . V_"' . Rapeseed 271.& 34)1.05. 0 11 . 0 .. SCOTCH MARKETS. Wheat. Barley Oat., 1 Bemis. j... - ---,.. -........-- .. • Aberdeen 52 70 24 20 91 " 25 I - -- 4 1 Berwick.= 43 51 2.1 25 29 25 i 34. 36 ,, , Coldstream - 45 50 21 23 2•1 94 24 ir; ~. ••,"! Cupar _ 49 fa 39 34 22 LI --!', Duialee.--. 55 75 -- 33 :14"' i 24 ,is .7.; Elgin.-.....-.. 50 60 20 25 90 93 1. 0 "'; 33 • Inverness...-. 53 56 28 30 '2O 34 2 1 • '",.., ...'• Kelso 4B •55 23 25 22 94 24 ''' • 1 .. • Kirkakly.-- ( 10 3 76 33 38 26 32 6 0 ~, Perth 50 76 21 94 17 22 23 "' oil, It:..' The size of the measure varies throughout2l2 o ..... „) EDINBURGH CORN MARKET.-iii l f l 'i We hail a good supplyof Wheat to-ay, aP" rei sauilumgh fie plesme n t a samples read appeared, sale,;atfllymleNt a tterdporiierl alt e i- 4 1 phi le* week's prices. Barley, only two samples, on e ' , aii o t and the other at 38e, Pease and • Beaus a I n ` at last week's prices. Wheat.- - Barley. Oats. reaFe; First 7ll Oa ..../ 04 Ilk 04 44$ 0 0 4 3, • Second Third ratoss or raovratorra, Ac, 0 , t oil Beef, per lb, ... Os. 3d. to Os.fkl. Fresh liiitter,lb.a 6 7" • 51iitt0n.............. 0 4 0 6 Salt Ditt0.......,9" ; .° Vea1.,........:........ 0 3 0 8 I)itto, per cwt. no ; s Pork - 0 4 -0 4 E g gs,' per dot., 0 ; 0 Lamb. per . qr. 1 6 3 0 OatStraw(kit..) 9 ,'•', 11 'fallow, cw t.... _7 0 30 0 Wheat Ditto.. 6„" 11l Quartern Loaf 0 0 010 Ba r l e y Date .. 6 I Potatoes, 1711 b. 0 7 0 0 H a y. p er .t.-..• 9 i,''''; ..... . ~ EDINBURGH MEAL 1 1 1ARKE'F.--MY'r . .o.4 We had a large supply of Oatmeal at to-a 4 1 '1 , - , o li which sold heavily at butt sveek's prices. Bar r ‘ e ,„Y n i- s itil vanced Is. and I'eaaemeal 2s. on the . k b u '"" ' . ac k, . . tura in the retail. ~,,tra•i Per Sack of 2201 b. Imp. per StOne of i'''''" .10 ; First Oatmeal ........ £9 4 0 First O a tinual ......... 0 ' Second ditto 9 0 0 S econ d ditto ............ v i Barleymea1....... .. : Peastaneal Pot Barley-No. 1, per cwt. 123,-2 , 1. 141.-3,1,1 8 c• - ' : • GLASGOW CORN MAIIKE*I".-Jilly l ~,,,t) Iu consequence of the unsettled state of th e 7, 0 eas ti s t; :k Whett o t a tt te n , tl p o e ::: 3. . 1, :'11 0, : i ' in'igßalierrlepyr,ießeesanares, asked Wheat, per 2401 b. s. d. s. Canada, t op r i i i i.l . ... ............. 3.5 3341 Og to 1-16 :k235 11 0 13 S T c rril o s ß t t li t i i i h :; l l:;,. ... .................................... i 'i . Barley, per nmb. 33 0 31 0 English . ... . ....... t", 4 English ..... ....... 27 0 210 Pease, Scottish ... ; 9 0 Stxottisli 127 0 23 0 Oatmeal, per 14'db. i g Irish... 25 0 95 0 Flour, per ti51a,..... - , • , DALKEITH CORN 111AIIKK1'•-JolY '"• ~ The supply of all kinds of Grain at this th r . o l ket was small ; prices about the same as tl it° day se'nnight. ' 1 0 Wheat. Barley. Oats. ream*. es First.... 733 04 Ws tki. 34s Ott . 40.1 0 4 41. Second... (14* Od 34s 0.1 3os Od 44s A . ~ VI, Third..... 56e Od no. Od- 28. Od 411 t nu ' _ ..... . __ . _. „........_ _ . CORNWALL MARKETS. nts, Tau:to-Wheat (average) 263.-Barley, 4 33. Ott,-7 1 ,b, •,' ' Sr. AttaTr.t.c-W heat, 9 -- Is. to 27..B ar t u y, 12.3.1 0 Od. to lls. Od. Bur:mix-Wheat lavenige)276.o4.-Ilariey, 144. 0` 1 • ~. .• l '' ' LAVNCEsTnN-VY mat (average)27 s .od.-BarleY,- 10 : 124 03.-Beef, &1.-Mutton sd, Hm.rrox-Wheat, !Xis. 21.-Barley, 123.101 pi, . PelsraNce-Wheat, 26.. to 275.,,-Ilarley, --- 4 ,: - .J.6' • Os. to Ds. Od.-Beef and M u tt on , 54. to Od. _-por k , - Butter, Bd. per lb. t. Ltrocuarto-Wheat,22..641. to 255. Ck1...-liasleys l'-' ' to 104. Rd. l3, ' • , Sr. Cos.usto.-Wheat,• 254. to 2,7,......8 ar 1 e y. 194. to - ,• and Mutton, 4d. to 6d.-:Veal Lamb, eal and 4d : to 9J. . " . MINING INTELI.IGENCU. ,_.l9;i" Quantity of Copp er O re so ld at R edruth l as till urs44 '''' Average Produce .........*•" 201 Quantity of tine Copper .. . . ... ......... "._. . ~„1 t 4 114 ' Amount of Sale, 14, I SOL 1 . 4..01,- . A. , ;e • vag . ” - e .. 11t . a . w.'" .. " - ' -- ----- te -•- . BIRTHS. 1, °. Oa the 9th inst. at Syrienham, the lady or i ' 3 Esq., of a slaughter. 0" : o f ; .On the 9th inst. the lady of W. Ilale, EH' . t W in a O: d n Eat en th . e: f s o a t f lr a in n m a . t n ..at Streatham Paragon, S'l rl '' ' k ; . 4 0 Wm. - Alackerizie, of a dingllter. il% 1 4• - In York Terrace, Regent's Park, the IntlY °'