The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-20 00:00:00

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA (From the Special Correspondent of the Times.) BALTIMORE, Aug. 7. Whoever would wish to sum up at one glance all the miseries inflicted upon the United States by the m more than civil war" now raging, should come for a few days to Baltimore, for the impression wrought upon the mind by a society in a state of rapid de composition is all the more painful, as Baltimore, by its lively aspect, pleasant site, lovely women, and the mild, courteous, and cordial manners of its in habitants, is apt to wind itself round the stranger's heart, and incline him to give it the preference over most other American residences. I left Washington on Tuesday evening, shaking its dust from my shoes at the station—the dust that buries that dead city, now hotand desolate as Sahara, with nothing astir in it, save cnly its scattered ga ngs of Bedouin.like Union soldiers, kicking up huge clouds, as they mercilessly urge on their worn out,Virginian nags at a sorry canter, patrolling the lonely streets like uneasy spirits without apparent errand or object, The contrast between that stag nant, stifling, murderous atmosphere (where no less than seven persons are reported to have dropped down dead ofaunstrokes in el:today, on Monday), and the still burning-hot but breezy and elastic air of this well-watered " City of the Monuments," affords immediate relief; and the intercourse with the better classes of its inhabitants, full as they aro of their grievances, sets your heart all the harder against the dogged, and sullen, and ruthless determination of the Union men you have left behind at the seat of Government, and enlists your sympathies in be half of the weaker side, to such an extent that you must summon up all your sternness to be on your guard against your own " milk of human nature," and look upon matters with that calm, unbiassed judgment which befits your office as an impartial observer. A man fresh from the old countries of Europe is not, alas, unacquainted with the import of such words as " state of siege," "martial law," and the like. He has seen or heard of despotic and arbitrary government all his lifetime, has heard of Spielberg, Castle St. Angelo, Piombi, and Pozzi ; he is familiar with the most refined and cunning engines of tyranny. But in Austria, in Poland, at Modena, or Naples, all these were old and long-tried contri vances. The police in France, in Venice, in Russia is, or was, a strongly and thoroughly organised, system, a crushing and killing but soulless and passionless machinery, doing its work with dull, un relenting steadfastness of purpose, going straight to its goal, but actuated by no political and only very moderate official zeal, actuated by no wanton animo sity against its hapless victims. The Buongoverno at Milan or Venice had every patriot under its thumb as completely as the metropolitan police knows the whereabouts of every London pickpocket. It pro ceeded against them by order, free from rancour or vindictiveness, and its agents, mere professionals, were as ready to serve under a green, red, and white as under a yellow and black banner. They were the passive servants of every Government de facto, which could be induced to accept their co-operation. Fouche's machine in Paris, like the guillotine, would be as active under an Emperor as under a Bourbon King, a constitutional Orleans, or a repub lic—a keen-edged but mere mechanical instrument. But the United States had to improvise a police as they had to extemporise an army. For their want of skill and practice they had to make up by pas sion. They made of the police a party business ; they set the Union men against the Seceders ; they waged war against the rebels in the city by the same means that they employed against them in the field. Maryland and Baltimore had before the war a perfectly organised efficient police. Its commis sioners were removed as " disloyal" men; the force was disbanded ; the whole of the State and city executive was re-established at the free will and pleasure of the Central Government at Washington. Yet even that new set of magistrates and agents of its own creation, even those juries of its own pack ing, were slack in working out the Government's will, and the military were invested with full powers to wage war against " disloyalty." For nearly two months Baltimore has been one vast prison. On the first tidings of Lee's advance across the Potomac Maryland was turned into a camp, the city was beset with barricades, and none of the citizens were allowed to quit the town—at this hot season, when the whole population would have rushed to the springs —unless he satisfied General Schenck of his loyalty by taking " the oath of alle giance." The barricades were pulled down 10 days ago, and the citizens' movements were no longer in terfered with; so that a great rush ensued to the springs, to the country houses—anywhere out of town, cut of reach of Schenck, of the Provost- Marshal, of Gilmore-house, Fort WHenry, Fort Warren, and the other sorrowful places where " loyalty" is taught at so many months' imprison ment a lesson, and from which there is no escape except at the price of "an oath of allegiance." " Loyalty" in this country is, of course, understood to mean attachment to the Northern or Federal cause. Now, Maryland and Baltimore are naturally disposed to uphold the principles of Secession. The world knows it ; the President and his Cabinent at Washington are fully aware of the fact. Their Go vernment had only a small and not very reputable party among this Marylandian population; it con sisted of those " Know-nothings" who went by the quainter names of "Plug-uglies," Blood- tubs," "Black Snakes," &c. Gen. Schenck and his soldiers are placed here to give if possible an emphatic denial to the fact, to destroy it if practicable. They have established a pretty reign of terror. They have not the proper means,not the crafty machinery by which such a work can be achieved. But they have given political passion full swing ; they have organised a party into a police, a clumsy and blundering one, indeed, as may be expected, but vicious, headlong, full of petty malice, vexatious, unbearable. Take a few instances. A gentleman gives a friendly dinner to six guests. The party has no sooner broken up than the host is called upon by the police to give in a list of his guests, as one of the number is " suspected of dis loyalty." On the ground of the real or supposed disaffection of this individual, the dinner-giver is thr own into prison from which he will only emerge by taki ng t 1 tie oath of allegiance. A rev. to gentleman is called upon some property he in lines. lie remonstrates, owns Virginia beyond the rebel lanag nstrates, and is instantly g ra bb e d for " disloy al not to be released except by taking 4. the oath;' Confederate prisonersthre brought in from Gettys classes steps out upon h b e u r rg b . alc A on w y o t m o s lol at the n eu men as they pass, and, to screen here yes from th e sh has b e en she lifts up a stocking she was knitting. is een Waving that '° flAg" to the captive rebels ; she Packed off beyond the line s herself t a rebel, and is Virginia. A few steps further, another woman o f a an better pity on the thirsty wretches who are c l ass takes still at her door. She brings out water, made to s t an d it first to the Union soldiers who have the e . offers u in charge, then by their permission t o the priso n e Prisoners themselves. Tho police revoke the per ers granted by the humane soldiers; the good raissi°ll b woma n is to vi n is taken up, and conveyed beyond the line - _ gfnia. An inoffensive British subject is accosted in th e bar of his hotel by a Union soldier, who asks hi t , to treat him to some drink. The Britisher finds the proposal " rather cool ;" the Yankee bids him " re spect his uniform." "A fig for your uniform !" says impatient John Bull ; whereupon he instantly finds himself in good for disloyalty, and is only released four days afterwards by the intercession of Mr. Bernal, the British Consul, who claims him from tho authorities, when the unwitting offender had already been " disposed of and dismissed from their memory." A gentleman walks into the Enter-Louse, hie hotel, where Gen. Schenck - has his head• qu, - ..rters. 03e of the Staff officers of high rank asks him "How he dares to wear the rebel colours ?" " Rebel colours ! what do you mean "Mean ! Now, I'll tell you." A couple of orderlies are summoned. The luckless Wight is brought into the dread presence of Gen. Schenck. " That man," says the accuser, "comes to display rebel colours under our very noses." The man is at a loss to understand whit all this is about, till Gen. Schenck, poking him between the ribs, calls his attention to two roses in his button-holy , It was a red and a yellow rose; but in the dusk far. ) latter looked white, and the "disloyalty" was t en s manifest. The political General then asks his p r i. soner where he got the flowers. " Teey wer F put into his button hole by a lady." Just so; 6 says Schenck, " that is another of your d--. Secesh women." "The lady is my niece, sir," the, prisoner answers with some warmth. " She is a lady, a young lady of 14, and no Secesh womi' . 11 ." "Per haps you would have no objection to take an oath of allegiance to the best of Governmr Tits," says the General, by way of closing the cony 'ersation, The gentleman secs no reason why he should take an oath on compulsion, and is warxed away to the Provost-Marshal's, the obnoxious flowers being left in the hands of his captors. These are merely the com;Acal episodes of a suffi ciently mournful play. Now for some of the pathetic touches. I was yesterday in a house to which a lady had just in that moment been brought back from one of the hospitals near Gettysburg. Her son, w ho, like so many of the Maryland youths, was in the Confederate army, was slightly wounded in one of the great battles in the early days of July, l andsh she had gone to tend him. Most of the surge Bal timore and many ladies have been going upon that The at same humane errand,and they have been nbacwe and forwards all this last month. Federals at the camps, I believe, harbournoill - e w f e il s lag m a a in hy st their rebel prisoners, but the distress wounded is great and the Gea disorder yeh i hg n r h t, as 1 heardehospitals appalling. For miles round from eyewitnesses, the airis e htaeindtedthe remnants withthestencehf of ill-buried human bodies carcasses of horses. The youth I speak of died, not of his wound, but of hospital fever, in his mother's arms, and the mother brought back to her home the same fever,of which she is dying. The reader may judge whether this is likely to be a solitary case. These are the inevitable horrors of war, and it is only a pity that nations unused to such things should aggravate its evils by reckless improvidence and mismanagement. Another case, however, is less excusable :—A Confederate officer, who had fallen gloriously at Gettysburg, was conveyed, a corpse, to his Maryland home, where he was embalmed, and intended for the honour g a solemn burial. All this had been done with the full permission of the military authorities at Gettysburg. The father of the deceased, his kinsfolk, and a great number of • his friends attended the ceremony, which was per formed by a Methodist Minister at the Greenmount Cemetery. The funeral rite was just performed, when the attendants-19 in number (for the greater number of them were able to effect an escape) —were arrested and conveyed to the Provost- Marshal's, at Gilmore -house. The offence, it ap pears, consisted in this,—that the body had been given to the earth in the Confederate uniform the hero had on when he fell, Some of the prisoners, as well-known Union men, were released on the following day; but the greater number were only discharged the day before yesterday, after vain efforts on the part of the authorities to extort from them an oath of allegiance. Acts of more arbitrary severity remain to be re corded. Two barns were burnt to the ground in this vicinity, probably by incendiaries. An assess ment was made on the inhabitants of the neigh bourhood to make good the damages. The assess ment fell unequally on different individuals, accord ing to the reputation they had for disloyalty. I could name ono gentleman who had to pay for his own share no less than 472 dols. For another house that was burnt the tax extended over all the people for six miles round the spot, but the fire in this se cond instance fell with a weight proportionate to the proximity of the inhabitants to the scene of the offence. A certain amount of awkward harshness and bluntness will always and everywhere be observeu wherever the administration of justice falls into ►nilitary hands. Civilians at Fort Warren were confined in the company of Confederate prisoners taken in battle. Bat, by a strange professional par tiality it may be supposed, these latter were allowed the free run of the tort on parole, while the civilians members of the State Legislature of Maryland, and other persons of high respectability,whose alleged of fence was at the utmost that of sympathising with the cause of the South—an offence, be it remembered, which was never proved, so that they had in the end to be discharged, without even obtaining from them the oath of allegiance—these gentlemen were kept in durance vile in their cells, and subjected to a harsher treatment than those who had stood up for that same cause sword in hand. I say nothing of the filthy state of those State prisons—the ver min, the odour, the horrors of the want of bed, food, and other accommodation, for this was probably owing rather to want of experience and proper pre paration than to mere fiendish malice, though it is not easy to bring the poor victims and their friends to view the matter in that light. But what are we to think of the puerile precaution of Gen. Schenck (who, by the way, was neither born nor bred a sol dier, but who is a mere " political General"), who allows his convalescent prisoners only the most in dispensable underclothing, that in the event of their meditating their flight they should not be able to accomplish it otherwise than in the scantiest dis , habille. No hats, jackets, shoes, or trousers a:lowed to any of them ! But I feel h um bl e d i n my own eyes i n coming be fore the reader as the mere chronicler of such small matters. These mere pricks of the needle, with which the endurance of the Marylandians is so con stantly tested, however bitterly they may harass and aggravate th em , are not so subversive of their social order as the lance thrusts which are aimed at the very life of all the Southern States. It is now more than 16 months since General Foster, on his way to his Southern command, taunted the B a l t i morians with the threat that " they were going to make a St. Domingo of the South, and that the A h l a a d ry a land . ia d n , s , might then join the niggers if they immediate seiyeettion. , The rulers at Washington talk as if th ullu that threat into meant to I carry already told you how i n con querors settle on the lands ofu west the th-ethvanquished, manumit the slaves, and hiring labourers compel them to cultivate Athmeelaanlscifrfeoer their own—tne conquerors ' — benefit . n g t 0 gentleman toldnt e m m a e n high in the Government at Washi with great glee, how a Northern soldier of fortune ' took possession of a deserted plantati on , f ound the crops standing unreaped on the ground, with t h e negroes lying idle in their huts e n j oy i ng the first fruits of their blessed emancipation, how the 'cute Yankee bade them be up and doing, promised to feed and pay them, and so plied them with gentle and strong measures that he induced them to bring the harvest home—a harvest which he conveyed to and sold in New Orleans, realising for himself the net sum of 17,000 dols. Now, most of the land of the Southern States occupied by the Federals lies in a more or less helpless condition. Fields, houses, and live stock of all kinds are at the discretion of any man who may have a wish for them, and there is no lack of adventurers in the Northern army ready to help themselves to anything that may fall in their way. There is hardly an officer, hardly a soldier on his way back to the North, who does not bring home a manumitted " con t ra b an d" with him. 'Whereve r the victorious legions appear not only elee emancipation but confi sca ti on ensues , an d no thi n g ev idently is contemplated than the downright dissoluti on object, the fthewolesocialord is the re-coloni zation cif of Southern land. This the avowed tthhean unitdearptapkeein appears Ivbe present task of th e ou t an d out Aboli tionists o f the ashington Government. Sh o uld more practicabl e , l ess d esperate the to oubestion would arise, how arc these frontier Stateesspec;eallealt with ?—these States t n h d e Central o'ivvoeefN which nphtnshireoaehtn. theytls, a r n e3 d e t h n o o e n w v l e d b r i which open n i w s a .ll. r i w ar i y th la the , best assurances were and ayrmi t a n d a e t . l avit hoot respected in all their rights they should be submitted to no emancipation adequate compensation! The answe r is read:* At the time of Lee's late invasion, when was supposed to he in danger, and the Maryland w as given in Baltimore of the approach of the rebel cavalry, a great number of negroes were pressed to work in the trenches to place the city in a state of defence. Negroes were pressed in town and coun try, whether free Luca or slaver, field lands or domestic servants. When their labours were ended, aIL efforts were made to induce these blacks to en list; not a few accepted the proffered bounty, and are off to the various coloured regiments now in the field ; some came back either dressed in the United States uniform, or waving the star spangled banner in their masters' faces, and are now idling about town and country, daring their former owners to claim them if they can. Any slave running for refuge here at the Provost Marshal's, or at any of the military stations scattered all over the State, may consider himself as safe as a malefactor used to be in a sanctuary of the good olden times; and the slave owner who might be ill advised enough to lodge a complaint for the recovery of his property, would sooner incur the risk of losing his own liberty_ than be allowed to dispute that of his former bonds- man. A cry would ba raised against him as a disloyal citizen, an anti-Abolitionist, a man of Southern "proclivities," and he could hardly get himself out of trouble by submi:ting to the indignity of that eternal oath of allegiance. It is thus that emancipation has been carried on in the State of Maryland. In the city of Baltimore you would look in vain for a single male slave. In the country, only those for whom freedom had no attraction abide with their owners, or those who, after a first expe - invent in the bush, have found their cage more to their taste, and have voluntarily gone back to their thraldom. No man need be a slave here who has no fancy to be, and the negroes as property are utterly valueless. Now this may seem a great gain for the cause of humanity; and, for what concerns Maryland itself, it may imply no irreparable evil. But some justice ought to be done to the slave-owner no lees than to the slave; and in more Southern States this sudden breach in all domestic relations, this wholesale, all sweeping spoliation and confiscation, will prove equally ruinous to maser and servant. The most ruthless Union men have no compunction about it, and theydwell with complacency on littleless than the extirpation of the whole Southern race, and the sub stitution of Northern colonists in their stead. The scheme would be too monstrous if it were practicable, When the Franks took two-thirds of the lands of 1 the vanquished Gauls, or the Lombards shared the land, slaves, and cattle of the prostrate Latins, they did nothing so barbaric as the cold-blooded politi cians of the Northern Republic now contemplate. Granted that slavery was a great evil—the greatest of evils—it may be questioned whether the remedy is not a thousand times more grievous and iniquitous than the evil itself; it may be questioned whether the remedy will cure, or only a thousand times ag gravate the evil. Granted that the Southern pee were " rebels and traitors," it may be questioned whether they were all equally guilty, or whether many of them were guilty at all; yet the punish ment must needs falls indiscriminately on the whole race; granted even that they all deserve the same punishment, was there ever a case of mutiny by land or by sea in which a whole regiment was shot or a whole crew hanged ? Surely it was always considered an act of utmost severity to decimate the offenders. It is only your frantic and savage abo litionist that puts no limits to his bigotry, and ap plies his theory without reserve or exception. Meanwhile, strange to say, in the midst of their grievous afflictions, nothing can have power to subdue the spirit of these Marylandians, or bring them to despair of their sinking cause. " Lee is still unbroken," they say ; " he may yet come forth and smite the Northerners a third time. No doubt the contest has been unequal from the beginning, and the south begins to feel the exhaustion of its own efforts. But no one can foresee what the chap ter of accidents may bring forth. Come what may, the restoration of the Union is an impossibility. The South may be overrun, prostrated, annihilated, but not reconciled to its destroyer." It is not difficult to find men equally confident, equally determined, on the other side. The re establishment of the Union is matter of unshaken faith with the Republicans, and they are ready to sacrifice to this their idol, not only the whole Southern race, white and coloured, but themselves, their prosperity, and, what is more, their liberty— that liberty which, it might seem, gave that Union ell its value. The tendency in the North is towards a concentration of all powers in the hands of the Washington Government, with an utter disregard of the independent of the States as sanctioned by the Constitution. It is on that account that General Schenck and other military rulers are so anxious to wrench from their p - isoners an "oath of allegiance." The oath administered to public functionaries in this state, for instance, was the following—" I, A B, do swear, or affirm, that I will support the Constitution of the United States, and that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to the State of Maryland, and support the Consti tution and laws thereof." By the transfer of this allegiance from the individual State to the Federal Government, a reform is contemplated in the whole Union, the tendency of which will be the extinction of all local freedom. May be, this encroachment of the Central Power may sooner or later raise strong opposition in the North no less than in the South; but, in the meanwhile, the basis of strong military government is every where laid, and the President, at the head of a million of combatants, will not be visited with impunity, particularly if, after the ex piration of the present administration, Mr. Lincoln were superseded by such a lawyer-soldier as Gene ral Butler, General Schenck, or any of his present champions and instruments. No doubt the day will come when the Republicans themselves will fret at the yoke they have so eagerly taken on their neck ; but will they be able to shake it off ? - • Yesterday was Thanksgiving -day here by order. The Marylanders were bidden to give praise for the victories which have cost them so much of their best blood, which have damaged a Cause to which two-thirds of their population are so strongly at tached. Most of the shops were shut, and a very few of the churches were opened. A very scanty display of flogs was made from the top windows but the town was quite empty, most of the citizens having disappeared for the day. The whole of the Catholic and most of the Episcopal clergy, with the exception of the Yankee Bishop, are Secessionists at heart, and they refused to officiate. Decidedly had a stranger beard nothing of the festivity, he would have been struck with nothing besides the utter desolation and silence of the holiday-making city. From the various battle-fields there is no news. From the Rappahannock nothing bat unmeaning skirmishes. At Charleston no progress. In the south-west no important movement. The heat every where overpowering, yet with less fatal re sults to the belligerent parties than might have been anticipated. A FRENCH MURDERER.—A man named Lefevre has ju s t undergone the extreme penalty of the law at Compi egne, a ccompanied him wine. The u expected in his to for having murdered a farmer named Vilcoq, at Arm ancourt (Oise),cellar, la r, a sumwhere of f L r e o f r n e v i r , a 2 o h o a f d . under the pret ence o f p urc h as i ng some to 1,4001. in the h murderero before placed an y t in the house, but the farm er h a d on l y a f ew d ays Not fi money, ands of a l aw y er a t C ompe i gne. .this led to hi s arres t an d Lefevre took a r azor , w hi c h h e nding sold to a barber at Len,meii conviction, as the murdered ' man's name w as scratc h e d on of the execution, being the handle. On the mornin once ho a scen d e d t h e '''lm Thnee'sn'ealtd maptioene, moment all was o ver .— b r ought from Beauvai s to Cogm ce gave himself up t s o c a t ff h o e l d e x u e -i c t u h t i g o r n e e a r t s c . Gab:gni-1)1i. ADVERTISEMENT.] — Avoici medicines: they always vote chronic complaints, but Du Barry's Delicious ngra- Restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, whi c h saves nitylitriarulteh its cost in other remedies , invariabl y cures them, rest er ' : lv 'n - perfect digestion, strong nerves , sound lungs, healthy 1* ,?.r, pure blood, refreshing sleep, functional regularity, and energy to the most disordered or enfeebled. We extract a few out of 60,000 Cures :—Cure No. 58,216 of the Marchioness de Brant, Paris, of a Aver complaint, wasting away for seven years, debility, with a nervous palpitation all over, bad digestion, constant sleeplessness, the most intolerable nervous agitation, and dreadfully low spirited.—Cure No. 1,771. Lora Stuart de Decies, Lord Lieut. of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia.--No. 49,8.32. "Fifty years' indescribable acony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulent y, spasms, sickness, and vomiting.—Maria Jolly." —Cure No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derange mlnentitn, s a . n i d lb p . a , rtial deafness.—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low s_pir c its, and nervous fancies. Cure No. 54,t , 16. The Rev. Jas. .—Barry ci.o4nlo; drrityaoritaiLbeell. Fakenham, Norfolk, " of indigestion and torpi liv:sr.,,dwh;i2chlbh. a 4 d , r 6 e d sis . te sib all medical treatment." . flu an nny and Co., No ' . 77, * Regent-street, :s 2 tr ib e e " t, '2 L s o . n ; 40s. also Fortnum every towuOf the M ason ; and all Groccrz and Clicinizts in United li.ll4c4au. THE SUN, LONDON, MURSDAY EVENING, AUGUST 20, 1863• ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE. Cang o:::4,CoaupnoTw.erful, - - NORTHERN CIRCUIT.—L IVERPOOL, AUG. 19. (Before Mr. Justice Blackburn.) Benjamin Th omas, sullen-looking Welshman, was indicted for the wilful murder of Mary Rowlands, at Liverpool, on the Bth of May last. Mr. Bolton and Mr. Littler appeared for the prosecution ; Mr. Pope defended the prisoner. During the trial the conduct of the prisoner in the dock was so extremely violent that his Lordship was obliged to order him to be pinioned, and on two or three occasions it took all the strength of several police-officers to overpower him and to place him under restraint. When he was hand cuffed and guarded, so as to make any further outbreak almost impossible, he hung dowa his head and appeared to pay little or no attention to what was going on. His Lord ship deemed it necessary, along with the question of the prisoner's guilt or innocence, to leave to the jury the ques tion whether the prisoner was ins.ne, or only simulating madness. It was preyed upon the part of the prosecution that the deceesod Mrs. P,owlends, wife of a master in the mercantile marine, kept a seaman's boarding-house in Brook-street, Liverpool. The prisoner lodged with her for Bor 10 days, and was to some extent in her debt. He en gaged to go to sea in a ship for which a man named Cross thwaite was acting as shipping-master, and in consequence of that engagement received an advance note, which he lodged with the deceased as a security for the money he owed her. He afterwards expressed an unwillingness to go to sea in the ship, and Mrs. Rowlands, who was aware that in the event of his failure to go on board at the appointed time the advance note would become worthless, made re peated attempts to overecme this unwillingness, and told him distinctly that if he did not join the ship he would be sent to prison for 3 months. On the 12th of May she was reason ing with him in the Welsh language, when the prisoner suddenly rose,wcnt into the cellar,and called to the deceased to come after him. She followed him immediately, and there is no doubt that while she was in the cellar with him he attacked her with a heavy wooden instrument, called a potato-masher," and beat leer about the head until she was dead. No struggle was heard, but when the prisoner came upstairs again he had the potato-masher in his hand. With out saying a word, but grinding his teeth in a wild and savage manner, he made a ferocious attack with the formid able weapon on a young woman named Elizabeth Benbow, who was sitting quietly in the parlour. When he had given her half a dozen blows, an old woman named Evans ap peared, and then the prisoner lett Benbow and assaulted Evans. He followed her into the court and beat her very severely, and when the neighbours came upon the spot he threw the potato-masher over the wall and went away laugh ing. He was followed and given into custody. The evidence of the surgeon and one of the warders of the gaol was put forward by the prosecution in support of the theory of the prisoner's sanity. It was now urged in his behalf, by Mr. Pope, that when he committed all these outrages he was so far mentally de ranged as not to be morally responsible for his acts. The learned counsel relied on the absence of all reasonable mo tive, on the hideous ferocity of the murder, and of the savage and unprovoked assault by which it was immediately followed; on the untimely mirth which the prisoner had displayed in laughing as he left the place; on the "grin ning" which had been spoken of by Benbow, and on the ad mission of one of the witnesses that the prisoner had ap peared before the day of the murder despondent, moody, and out of spirits —as placing the insanity of the prisoner beyond all reasonable doubt. The jury found that the prisoner was sane, and on the facts found him Guilty of :murder. His Lordship, having assumed the black cap, then in a most impress ive manner passed upon t h e p r isoner the awful sentence of death i n th e usua l f orm . The prison er wag t h en remove d , job." saying it was " a good John add i Ann Hughes, his wife, at Liverpool, the 28th April last. on Mr. Simon appeared for the prosecution ; Mr, Littler de fendedHeteudghteos w ha a b s i i t ri s d o ic f : jetidteforarptehrelful murder of Mary the prisoner. during which he It appeared that the prisoner was a shoemaker by trade, but bhaanidbaenend herself.accustomed to ill-use, abuse, an d threaten the de ceased, who was a so b er, industr i ous woman, and conducted a small green grocery b usiness for t h e support of her hors- The prisonr had been drinkin g exces sively for seve ra l days prier to the 26 th of A p ril last, when his wife refused t o g i ve him any m ore money. He then struck her, and sa id h e would b e hanged for her yet 11e continued his course of intemperance and ill-usage to de ceased daily up to th e morning o f April 28, when he struck her on the back of h er neck wh i le s h e was asleep. He struck her a second blo w , which threw h:..r off the bed on to the floor. He the n itmped u p o n her and kic ked her several times severel y. Aid was called in, and deceased was found lying on the spot w h ere the blow h a d felled her, completely paralysed. She lingered until April 30th, when she died. Upon a post-mortem examination it was found that the fifth cervical vertebrae had been dislocated and fractured, caus ing pressure upon the spinal cord, from which paralysis en sued. There were contusions and other marks of injury on the deceased from the prisoner's violence. Mr. Littler, for the defence, contended that the prisoner, having been thinking for some time, was in such a state of exciteme n t that he had no deliberate intention to inflict the injuries he bad done; and that the evidence of the manner of his violence was not satisfactorily established. Mr. Justice Blackburn having summed up, the jury, after a short deliberation, returned a verdict of guilty, upon whi c h th e prisoner fainted. Sentence of death was passed upon him in the usual form. Mr. Price, Q.C., has been sitting trying prisoners as a Commissioner all day, in aid of the judges. LOSS OF THE STEAMER PARIS. OFFICIAL REPORT. your lorrrdisshanipds' Baker, direc t GREE.NIV ICII POLICE-COURT, Aug. 15, 1863 . My a L n o d r d w s — t with the ssa compliancence wfit C h a p y t o s u appointed to act as nautica l assessors, I have made inquiry regarding the loss of the p addle steamshi p Paris, of the port assistance o. of Newhaven, on the mo rnin g of the 28th of July last, on her passage from St. M ale to Jerse y . The Paris was an iron vessel of 132 14-100 tons burthen, built at Port Glas gow in 1852, and owned by Henry P. Maples, of Arthur street East, in the city of London, and employed on the Channel island station, running between Newhaven in the county of Sussex, and St. Maio in Franc; and commanded by Henry Hemmings, who holds a Board of Trade certifi cate of competency as master, bearing date the 81st March, 1858. An inquiry has already taken place before the Com mittee of Piers and Harbours of the Slates of the Island of Jersey, in reference to the conduct of Peter John De la Court, who held,a pilot's certificate, granted by the com mittee, and was considered to be in charge of the ship at the time of her loss. His conduct has been censured by that committee, and his pilot's certificate cancelled. Elm had on board at the time of her loss a crew of 23 persons, all told, 50 passengers, and a quantity of cargo. The pilot above named was engaged to act in that capacity under the peculiar circumstance s hereinafter mentioned. The Paris left St. Male for Jersey at 6.30 a.m. of Tuesday, the 28th of July last, and a short time after another steamer, called the Wonder, followed her, also bound for Jersey, and there ap pears to have been a competition between the two ships. At 8.30 a.m. the Paris was about midway between the Min quier Rocks and Jersey, about seven or eight miles fr.,m the latter place; the weather was calm and clear, and the speed of the vessel about 12 knots an hour. In approaching Jersey from St. Male there are two channels that may be taken, the Middle Channel and the Sellette Passage, of which the former is the more direct, wider, and in every respect preferable, and generally used. Between thiose two channels lies a cluster of rugged rocks, called Le Grunot, partially exposed at low water spring tide, but passable by vessels of light burthen at certain times of tide and in calm weather. In making for Middle Channel a N.H. 7 N. course would clear the Grunot and open the Mid Channel. The same course would suit for the gallette Passage up to a point dis tant about three-quarters of a mile from the Grunot, when, in order to keep to the westward of these rocks, the course would require to be altered more to the northward. The marks for the Middle Channel are St. Saviour's Church a sail's breadth open to the S.E. of St. Helier's Church, and for the Sallette Gros Roque, on with the western Martello Tower. These marks are clearly discernible in daylight and fair weather, and with a proper lookout, at sufficient distance to prevent damage from the Grunot. At 8.30, when, as before stated, the Paris was about seven or eight miles from Jersey, the master gave directions to steer a N.E. z N. course, which would serve for either channel. He then went below for a short time, leaving the pilot upon the bridge, and in charge (as he considered) as pilot of the ship. In about 13 minutes he again came on deck, and he and the pilot both remained on the bridge till the ship struck on the Grunot, about 9 15 a.m., and after grating heavily over the rock, sunk in about seven minutes time in five fathoms water. That some one was grossly in fault for this result there can be no doubt; and the question is, upon which of the two, the pilot or master, or whether partly upon both, the blame ought to rest. To determine this question we must first look to their respective state ments, and see how far they are supported by the circum stances or by the statements of the other witnesses. To begin with the master's statement, which is in substance to the effect following :—He says that when he had given the order to steer a N.H. i N. course at 8.30 ho considered he had no furthe'r chars.; of the ship, which was from that time under charge of the pilot; that he himself gave no further orders, nor aid ho interfere in any way, except that when the pilot asked him which channel he should take, he replied he aid not care which so that it was for the best, meaning thereby that he wished to keep ahead of th e other steamer. He says further that the pilot told him he should take the Sellette Passage, to which he (the master) made no objection, and that he had no idea but that the pilot was doing so till he saw the ship close to the Grunot just before she struck. On the other hand, the pilot's statement taken before as an oath, is to the effect following :—That though he considered the ship was under his charge his orders were not attended to ; that he never said he intended to take the Scllotte Passage, nor did he intend it, but oa the con trary, when the master said lie wished to do what wasb(:s*, or Os ho expresses it) "cut it short," he told him that it had all aleriis been his intention to take that channel, and the master must have known that was so; that when he found he was opening out the marks for the Areldle Channel, and too far to the northward, he gave the order to keep more to the south; that the master did not comply with that order, but ordered the ship to be steered in the direction of the Ro mandiere, and by so doing brought her on the Grunot Rock; and that if the order to go to the southward had been obeyed, even to half the ship's length, she would hale gone clear. Between these statements, so contradictory, end with little confirmation of the one more than the other, it would perhaps be hard wholly to deny the master the 'benefit of his plea, that the ship was under the charge of the pilot and not under his charge, so as to make him responsible far the loss. At the same time, supposing this plea to be admitted, his inattention to the dangerous course of the ship canscarcely admit of an excuse. He was on the bridge for sone time before she struck, but he does not appear to have ob. served the proper marks of either channel, and yet he suf fered the ship to proceed at the rate of 12 knots, when he ought to have known of the near approach to danger. All things considered, it seems not unreasonable to conjecsure that the master's desire to "cut it short" had made him inattentive to the caution that was necessary, if it did not (as the pilot alleges) actually make him countermand the order given by the pilot, to keep the ship more to the south ward just before she struck. I have been thus particular on this part of the oaf a because it is with much hesitation that we have brought ourselves to a conclusion so favourable to the master. But, in coming to this conclusion, we must not omit to notice the manner in which the pilot laws have been evaded in this case. It appears that the pilot, De la Cour, was hired at 355. per week on board the Paris. The object of this is alleged to be to save time in looking out for pilots in coming into and going out of Jersey. But it appears that it has been the practice of Captain Hem mings, for the last five months at least, if not much longer, never to take a Jersey pilot, but to pilot his ship himself, although he has no licence for that purpose, and could not obtain one, not being a native of Jersey. Even so little did he look upon De la Cour in the character of a pilot, that he did not avail himself of his services, though he was on board on the passage from Jersey to St. Malo. The em ployment of Do la Cour is clearly an evasion of the pilot regulations of Jersey. But there is a worse mischief still, as would appear in this case, viz., that by thus employing a man who, as is admitted, was intended to be entered on the ship's articles as second mate, it is quite clear that, when the occasion occurs for his acting as pilot, he cannot have properly the authority nor feel the responsibility of that office; and at the same time, while it does not prevent the master from exercising his natural authority as master over his subordinate officer, it leaves him the oppertanity of screening himself for his own neglect or default under the plea that the second mate has charge of the ship as pilot, and that the master and owners are not responsible for loss or damage. There is little doubt that the master looked on De la Cour, and treated him, es one of his crew, and merely a substitute for a pilot, in order to save expense, and that, therefore, he was bound to see to the navigation of his ship just as much as if there was no pilot on board. Though, for the reasons stated, we have felt bound to allow of the master's defence and have returned his certificate —more, it is true, upon techn;cal than substantial grounds—we have thought it our duty to express our strong disapproval of this mode of employing a pilot, as highly irregular, and likely to lead to very serious and dangerous consequences. I beg to for ward with this report the depositions of the several witnesses taken before me during this inquiry,—l have, Scc, We concur in the above report, JAMES TRAILL. HENRY HARRIS, J Nautical Assessors. It. BAKER, The Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade. Fatal Accident on the Greenock Railway, A melancholy and fatal accident took place at the railway station at Greenock on Monday morning, arising out of the prohibited and yet common prac tice of leaping an to a train when in motion, by which Capt. Francis Harvey, shipmaster, aged about 50 years, residing at 20, West Stewart-street, Greenock, and connected with the well-known shipping firm of Messrs. Handyside and Henderson, Glasgow, lost his life in a very shocking manner. The 845 express up train is always heavy on Monday mornings at this part of the season, and on Monday it was unusually so. It was several minutes behind time in starting, and Captain Harvey lead arrived among the last corners to go by it, and having a return first-class ticket. The train was quite full, and Capt. Harvey being anxious to go by it made several ineffectual attempts to get a seat, and it is said that he was twice told to desist by an official. The train started, end the deceased, who was a stout heavy man, made the last attempt to get in, and while on the footboard and endeavouring to get into a compartment, he was struck against one of the pillars which supports the roof of the station, causing him to lose his balance. He was thrown down, his legs going in between the edge of the platform and the footboard, and thus he was dragged a dozen yards, his legs and the lower part of his body being crushed, twisted, and mangled in a shocking manner, part of the intestines and the broken bones of the legs being exposed to view. The body in fragments was gathered up and con veyed into the waiting room, and the melancholy news was conveyed to the wife and family of the lamented deceased, whom he had quitted half an hour before full of health and hope, Capt. Harvey, who thus lost his life, was master of the steamship Dom Pedro, which only arrived here on Friday last from Palermo. He was a member of George-square United Presbyterian Church (Rev. Ur. Sinclair's), and was in church at both diets on Sabbath. He was hurrying to his vessel, which was lying at Glasgow, wean cut short in his career, leaving a widow and five of a family to mourn his lamented and premature death. It is rather a remarkable coincidence that Capt. Harvey's father-in-law, Mr. Watson, accountant, lost his life nearly 20 years ago by a fall down the stairs issuing from the railway Platform, and that father and son-in-law are the only two passengers who have accidentally lost their lives at the railway station here, so far as we can remember. Deceased was a native of Alloa, in which place his father was long known as a most respectable shipowner and shipmaster. His brother, who only arrived from America on Friday, and had passed the Sunday with him after a separation, parted with him on the street at the Greenock sta tion immediately prior to the occurrence, intending to meet him in Glasgow in the course of the day._ North British Mail. PARISIAN VIEW OF AN ENGLISH SENSATION DRAMA.—A recent communication from the able Paris correspondent of our leading morning conte m p orary c ontains the following amusing description of a sensation drama now performing every night at the Theatre Chatelet :—" It is founded on the novel of Aurora Floyd,' and is called 'Le Secret de Miss Aurore.' For obvious reasons, our sensation novels, however meanly they may be thought of by persons of any refinement of taste, were to be highly relished by a lar g e class of French readers. Mies Aurora a Secret,' as put upon the Paris stage, seems looked upon as a very serious and pathetic play, but I suspect that its effect upon English spectators will be to provoke hearty laughter. They can hardly be other wise than immensely deverted at the French concep tion of an English country gentleman eating and drinking as hard and as fast as he can put fork and glass to his mouth, with his face within six inches of his plate, and, while thus devouring, incessantly and unintelligibly talk ing. He occasionally makes a very short break in his epi curean pleasures to address a turst of sentiment to his wife, and, when ttouble comes upon him, he sits and w hi mpers helplessly. Bulstrode , t h e dashing cavalry officer, is got up to resemble as nearly as possible a distressed tailor, but, a s he wears moustachios and a bit of variegated riband in the button-hole of his black coat, it is of course impossible not to recognise his profession. The coroner, a very bald gen tleman, with a wonderfully pink scalp, and a tippet to his coat, comes in, attended by two policemen, to take Aurora to prison, but he allows himself to be mollified and calls in a witness, who takes upon himself the office of counsel for the defence, reasons with the coroner, and convinces him that Aurora is innocent and Hargrave guilty. Whereupon Hargrave, who is represented by a bandy-legged giant, with a diseased physiognomy, in timidates the policeman by the display of a carving -knife, and escapes to the woods, but only to be there tormented by the ghost of James Conyers and other apparitions, got up upon the Pepper principle, and which are the most effec tive things in the play. Much stress is laid in the bills upon what is called a hop-picking festival, which takes place in a sort of forest, amid huge trees, whereon the hops may bo supposed to have grown, but, having been gathered, they are of course no l onger seen. The fest i va l cons ist s of a series of dances performed by young ladies in Scotch cos tume, mast of the men present also having more or less of tartan in their attire—it being apparently the conviction of French playwrights that ' le Highlander' is the chief and predominating ingredient in the population of Great Bri tain." [AnvEßnsEmExx.]—Holloway's Ointment and Pills Many aggravating sores stand ready to pounce upon the aged when an accident weakens any part. The Ointment is most potent in curing all oases of ulceration, abscess, after every other means had failed, and the sufferings ex perienced from them were utterly unendurable. Soon e'er the application of the Ointment coolness and comfort are obtained in the affected part; the patient finds hiinself more at ease and daily becomes more hopeful as, with de plrting pP.ius,.a visible growth of granulatiou COlrlf:ri forth, Ir is Weil, while adopting this trestalent, bo regulate the s'!cretiotis of the bury by 1110(14,1 , ,f0 does Of Ii lloway's Pills, whirls act in Unison with his Ointment, anU facilitate recovery. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—The honours of Lord Clyde's life belong to the past. They were hardly won, and only for a short time enjoyed. The work was long and the reward transient. The vision which he had had before him through life vanished almost as soon as he approached it ; or, rather, the vision remains, and he has vanished after realising it for a short hour. The name of Lord Clyde remains, the full justice done at last to him remains, all his honcurs stand upon the register of time for ever; but he no longer enjoys them,—they witness to the certainty with which England, sooner or later, gives her faithful servants their due, and they are valuable to ue, but they are nothing any longer to him. But though the honours of Lord Clyde's life belong to the past, the honours of death still remain to be paid. Lord Clyde ought to repose in Westminster Abbey. That is the place to receive him. He belongs to the very first rank among the great workers of the day, and we prize now and pay the highest tribute in our power to true work done. We have buried four great workers lately in West minster Abbey—one a mighty man in lettersoenother in mechanics, another in statesmanship, another in war. Lord Macaulay, Mr. Stephenson, Lord Can ning, and Sir James utram lie there. We acknow ledge a certain kind of hard work as the criterion and concomitant of genius and inspiration. Your dull plodder cannot possibly, let hide try ever so much, work half so hard as a gifted man,—one who brings to his work high faculties and an ardent spirit. The true genius beats the dry sapper even in work—in laboriousness; for high gifts quicken the pulse and sustain the stretch of labour; they keep the man going when, if he was a mere plodder, he would dr top and rest himself; they furnish con tinual fuel for the flame, constant material for the head to work upon; they du not suffer him to repose and be easy. A lower order of industrious man is only at work when he is at his desk ; his mind is empty as soon as he leaves it. A higher order of industrious man is always at work, unless he is exhausted or asleep; he carries his desk, his portfolio, his books, his correspondence, in his head; he has his task within him, he takes his work, with him wherever he goes; he cannot help himself doing so, because the ardour of his mind keeps it in motion and is always following up old matter or suggesting fresh, and calling up hints, and half ideas, and flying fragments of conceptions, and sections of plans from the dark void. A Words worth. a Stephenson, a Macaulay must be always working. They know the importance of every piece of detail for the effect of the whole, and they know that details must in their very nature be the work of time, and therefore they know the extreme value of time, and the use of perpetual wakefulness to catch every casual precious atom that floats in the dim atmosphere of thought around us, and must be caught when it comes, or the slippery visitant is off in a moment, and beyond the extreme verge of the horizon again. Wordsworth describes himself, in one of his sonnets, as pursued everywhere, even at table and in the midst of company, by the shadow of an unfound word that was wanted to fill a par ticular place in a line. The forge of the true poet who will bend language to his own exact purpose must be always at work with its obstinate unyielding mate rial, beating it and twisting it ; and the great me chanist's and statesman's forge, in the same way, must be always working. Lord Clyde's work spans half a century; it stretches from Vimiera to Lucknow, and takes in all the great military fields of this century —the Peninsular War, the American War, the first Chinese War, the Sikh War, the Crimean War, and the Indian Mutiny. The disheartening glories of Corunna were a noble but a melancholy part of his introduction to a military life, and Walcheren gave him nothing but a fever, which imbedded itself in his constitution end clung, like Dejanira's shirt, to him for 30 years afterwards. But a brighter day followed, and the laurels of Barossa, Tarifa, Vittoria, San Sebastian, and Bidassoa blossomed into a brilliant reputation, and sent him back to England a known and distinguished officer. A time of peace followed, but he found work to do in the ser vice. In the course of time came the first Chinese war ; then came the Sikh war, with the honours of Ramnuggur, Chillianwallab, and Goojerat. A brief interval over, and we see him leading his Highlanders at the Alma and Balaklava ; and an other abort interval over, and he is Commander in Chief in India, demolishing the Indian Mutiny- His life thus includes all the great military exploits of this century, and the unceasing work which all these spheres of action gave him was not mere pro fessional work—there was a soul and an inspiration in it, and that inspiration was the true fire and heart of the soldier, which lay at the very founda tion of his character. Everything was a work of love with him in war, because he had the genius of war within him, the spark which lights up at the thought of a campaign and a field of battle. He was a zealot and an enthusiast, not an officer merely; all the high qualities and splendid faculties which aro associated with war—the ardour and rush of the military mind, its bold impetus, its generous self-sacrifice, as well as the more sober characteris tics of stern vigilance and severe caution, this el , hole body of grand soldierly qualities had an infinite at traction for him. It was the standard of the sublime in his mind to which he aspired, and the image of such a character was constantly before him beckon ing him on in his career. It was this and no mere professional spirit which made his work what it was, and enabled him to go through such an enormous amount of it. It lightened the day's interminable drill, and it gave freshness to the most dry, repulsive, and tedious duties of the barrack and the camp. All people like the details that are connected with the main object in their hearts; the end glorifies the means, the goal con secrates the sandiest path that leads to it. You cannot have too much detail for any man in that which is his real and genuine line. He loves it and devours it with a voracious appetite which, give it ever so much, only craves more. The extreme love of detail is thus the test of the inspiration of the man, and it was this inspiration which kept Lord Clyde up and sent him onward in his trying career ; which gave him his indomitable perse verance. his unwearied imdustry, his power of get ting through professional work and never flagging under any length and amount of it; and, lastly, sustained him under the bitterest disappointments. It was the soul of the enthusiast and not the plod der which made him the hard worker that he was. Let Colin Campbell, then, lie in his natural resting place beside the great workers , and the inspired workers of E ng l an d , w i t h those men who have made this country what it is, either in science, literature, politics or war. Let him repose by the side of the great departed who, in their different way and ac cording to their different gifts, have made life a serious journey and left grand results of it. Let him have that resting glace to which 50 years devotion to his country entitle him. It is no matter to him, but it is of great consequence to us that great services should have their due tribute paid them; and Westminster will be all the richer in national asso ciations, memories, and glories for containing the last remains of Lord Clyde. DAILY NEWS.—Never had monarch a fairer op portunity for supplanting a rival than the Austrian Emperor had in his recent antagonism to Prussia and its King. • Francis Joseph had but to outbid the hesitating and ambiguous liberation of Berlin by proposing at Frankfort a project of reform or of union which should be acceptable at least to the moderate liberals of Germany. Instead of this, what has Austria offered ? WLat scheme have the Princes of Germany and its people been sum moned to listen to ? A scheme illusive, unfair, impracticable, and of a nature to be received by the assembled Princes themselves as a political conundrum, by the people as a delusion and a snare. The first ponien of the scheme brought forward by Austria is that of the new Federal Executive. The German Government is proposed to consist of eleven members, three to be chosen by Austria, three by Prussia, three by Bavaria, and only two by the rest of Germany, with its varied interests and large population. The majority of this Executive Council is at once in thb hands of Austria and Bavaria, two Courts closely united by policy 'and intermarriage, both Catholic and both retrograde in many respects. Such a proposal is nothing less than an insult to North Germany, and, instead of depriving Prussia of its adherents, calculated to make all Germany rally to its side. We had been already warned that the ideas of Rechberg, and even of Schmerling, were not sufficiently advanced to satisfy the aspirations of Germany; and certainly the propositions of the Emperor at Frankfort will not dimtnish that mistrust of Austria which prevails in the minds of the most farsighted German patriots. In addition to a Federal Executive so unfairly put together, there is to be an Upper Chamber in which these Courts and their aristocracies may entrench them selves ; and this Upper Chamber is moreover to have the power to elect one-third of the members of the Lower or Representative Chamber. We admit that Austrian statesmen have some excuse for being con servative at home. The difficulty of reconciling so many nationalities and bringing them to harmonise in one assembly is so great that the attempt to Solve the problem by giving an immense preponderance to the aristocracy can be understood. Moreover, the remote populations of the Austrian empire ere centuries in arrear, and want that middle class which tempera extravagant tendencies above and below it. But Germany contains quite a different kind of population, and quite a different field for the legis lator. It is far too advanced to be governed by a Senate of Notables. It is far too sanguine and 'too agitated to allow t civic minority to be kept - do.vp and neutmlis-fi br a large aristocratic ma jority s,curt'd by unfair AaAzi;liu men, by their Etupei or's proposal, have merely ;lima theal.bulV;:s us much ballad, Garialah ideas as the Austrian empire is behind Germany in political requirements, in social, intellectual, and political de velopment. The step which Austria has taken should profit immensely to Prussia, if King William and his Government were of a nature and in a con dition to take advantage of it:; for the bare hint of such proposals must break up what is called the Great German party, and swell that of the National Union. What an opportunity for the King of Prussia himself to retrace his steps, and throw himself once more upon his people, if indeed the Prince of Prussia had been called to Gastein by his royal father for such a purpose ! There is, we know, a conviction growing up in Germany that union and regeneration can only be achieved by shaking off, rather than accepting with alacrity either Austrian or Prussian supremacy, and this conviction will gather strength from the experiences of Frankfort. But however merited by these Powers, and however just such a conclusion, it still renders the hopes of re eneration more visionary, and commits their realisation rather to revolution ary haz irds and unforeseen events, than to that re gular course of liberal actio❑ in which peaceable and sensible men may work together for the com mon good. Let us hope that German patriotism may yet have a larger future. The liberation and union of Italy was the work of a King. Why should not Germany follow the example of that Peninsula, so long unhappily associated with its history and its fortunes? But whatever might be hoped from one Prince could certainly not be ex pected from a Council of Princes, or Fursten Con gress, such as that which has met at Frankfort. The four lesser Kings of Germany are all retro grade; the Hesses are little better. It would be idle to propose to a meeting of Princes any real re form of the Confederation, or establishment of unity, unless some Sovereign would come forward and speak less in his own name than as the representa tive of the national heart and will. It was long hoped that the King of Prussia would have under taken that part. A few indulged in hopes that the Emperor of Austria, awakened to a full sense of the crisis, would have assumed the part at Frank fort. He has not even approached it. " Put not your trust in princes," will be more than ever the watchword of Germany. The Sovereign Congress of Frankfort will not, however, be without result. The Grand Dukes of Baden and of Saxe-Coburg will, it is hoped, have protested against the practi cability of the Austrian proposals ; and the meeting of the Princes will be followed by one of popular delegates, who, had they been allowed to meet of themselves, might have made little impression, com pared with the weight they will now bear after the fiasco of the Princes. They will be in a manner called for. They will have a right to speak. And the public will anxiously wait to know whether the German people and their intellectual leaders have no better prescription for political atony than a gathering of privileged and hereditary State Doctors. The Delegation will, we trust, set aside theories, abstract principles, and learned disquisi tions. To state the wants and wishes of the Ger man people, and define their political require ments and rights in a few plain, brief words that may be impressed on the mind and fixed in the memory of every German—this will suffice. What Germany waists is a Bill of Rights proclaimed by representatives of the people, COUNTRY MARKETS. .- NEWARK.-.WEDNESDAY. The harvest is progressing very satisfactorily, and wheat will be much above an average yield. Barley will be a very fair crop. Beans and oats are being secured in excellent condition. White wheat new, 458 to 49s 1 Barley,"grinding.. 29s to 31s Red do. 43s to 47s j Oats, old, .. 263 to 293 Old white 4 ss to Ns 1 New do 22s to 25s Red do. 44s to 49s I Beans. 42s to 44s Barley, malting.... —s to —s i Beans, new.. —s to —a HULL-TUESDAY. The wheat trade since our last has been excessively dull. At to-day's corn market there was a small supply or Eng lish wheat, which was taken off by local millers at rather less money than last week. Foreign was quite neglected. Grinding barley was scarce, and made fully last week's prices. Beans and peas sold slowly, at rates in favour of buyers. Oats rather easier, Wheat.... Old white per qr. ... 47s Od to 60a Od Old red Nevi white • • tf New red .... , Barley.... English malting' Grinding 26s 6d to 28s Od Saal and Oderbruck Holstein and Danish 3os Od to 31s Od Grinding Oats English, old _ Archangel and Riga, per st osl2id to 13d Friesland and Dutch osl3d to 08130 Swedish and Danish 051241 to 05135 Beans ....English, old, per qr 43s Od to 46s Od New pigeon 42s Od to 41s 0d New tick Egyptian .. 33s Od to 34s 6d Peas Foreign boilers .. Grinding Tares .... Sp ing —s Od to —s Od Indian Corn Linseed, feeding 528 Od to 56s Od crushing •• 4os Od to 52s Od Linseed cakes (Hull) £lo 0 0 to £0 0 0 Foreign Bl5 oto 9 0 0 Rape cakes 6 0 oto 0 0 0 Bones .. 5 5 oto 510 0 LYNN-TUESDAY. At this day's market there was a limited attendance of growers. The few samples of old wheat shown were taken at a reduction of is per quarter. As regards new, yellow sold at from 44s to 46s (weighing 631 b to 651 b per bushtl) ; new white made from 47s to 48s per qr. Barley and beans sold at fully last week's currency. White ..47s to 48s I Barley ---s to ---.8 Red.. 44s to 46s I Grinding ..30s to 32s Beans • .383 to 40s I Oats .22s to 26s New —a to —s I Peas —s to —8 COAL 1% Prices of Coal per Ton a a. d. Carway and Duffryn Malting l2 0 Walker Primrose 12 9 ranfield Moor Butes l2 9 Eden Main 16 3 West Hartley 17 3 Wylam 16 6 Haswell Gas l3 6 ARK ET. the Mose of the market. Walls End. a. d. Walls End. Russel's Hetton 17 0 Ships at marks Haswell.... lB 0 Tunstall Hartlepool.. l7 6 Trimdon Hartlepool 17 6 South Keno() l6 9 Kelloe Brsddyll's Hetton 17 0 Heugh Hall 16 9 Hetton lB 0 South Hetton 18 0 )t, 60 ; sold, 46. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS ,DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton . .Aug. via Marseilles Sept, 12. drazil and Cape Verds, by British packet Sept. 3. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. llelena Aug. 29. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southarepton Aug. via Marseilles Aug. 27. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton .................. Aug. —. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton.. Aug. —. via Marseilles.... Aug. 27. India (Bombay), via Southampton .. Aug. 25. via Marseilles tept. 4. Portugal.... Sept. 3. Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Aug. —. via Marseilles Aug. 27. Newfoundland .... Oporto and Vigo U. S. and British N. Amorica, ty Brit. packet.... Aug. 27: by U.S. packet.... by Canadian packet. Aug. 21. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe ..Sept. 10. Bahamas, via New York Aug. 27. Mexico.. All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Fern, Aug. 28, California. and British Columbia.. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Horniman's pure Tea ; very choice at 3s. 4d. and 4s. "High Standard "at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every town supply it in packets. Births. HALL.—On the 18th inst., at the residence of her father, Mrs. S. U. Hall. of a daughter. NIND.—On the 19th inst., at Beech House, Mrs. Henry Nind, of a son. SMITE.—On the 19th inst., at Guildford, the wife of Lieut.-Colonel N. Shute, of a son. WALTER.—On the 18th inst. at Long atton, Surrey, the wife of James Walter, Esq., of Clifford's-inn, solicitor, of a son, Marriages. ALLEN—PRATT.—On the 18th inst., at St. George's, Han over -equate, Richard Allen, Esq., Paymaster Rcyal Navy, to M ary, t h e third daughter of John Tidd Pratt, Esq. ELWORTI IY -- KERSIIAW.—On the 18th inst., at the parieh church, Streatham, Charles Jas. Elworthy, of Welling ton, Somerset, to Sarah, daughter of James KershaWt M.P., of the Manor House, Streatham. Deaths. BARRTTT.—On the 18th inst., at Rochester, Mr. James twilit, late of 173, Fleet street, aged 63, BLAIR --On the 6th inst., on board of H.M.S. Trafalgar, Lieut. F. H. Blair, It.N., son of Captain 11. Blair, R.N. , aged 26. GODLEY.-0a the 17th inst., atWeston super- Mare, Lieut.' Colonel Godley, of 13, Lansdowne-crescent, Bath, 1 1 8° 4 77. HONEY.--On the 19th inst., Miss Ann Honey, of 10, Glen gall- terrace, Old Kent-road, aged 94. RAFFLES.—On the 18th inst., at Edge-hill, Liverpool, the Rev. Thomas Raffles, D.D., LL.D., aged 76. WELLS.—On the 12th inst., at Liverpool, accidentally drowned, Edward Aldridge Wells, youngest son o f the Rev. G. Wells, rector of Boxford, Berks, aged 17. London : Printed and Pub!.lslied by WILLIAM A 1 c 1)13 ,, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN Office I"°' Strand, in the Precinct of the 'Savoy. in the C ollntY Ididellesur..--Thursday, August_ 20,