The Sun. — London, England, 1863-03-27 00:00:00

pOLAND.-A COMMIT FEE has been formed of the Undersigned for the purpose of RAISING FUN DS in AID of POI AND at the present crisis : T;ie Marquis Townehend. The Earl of Ilchester, The L rd d, K.T. The V scount liaynham, M.P. Sir Henry Ainslie Hoare, Bart. Colonel Pinney, M.P. John Abel Smith, Esq., M.P. Edmund Beales, Esq., M.P. William Lloyd Bitkbeck, Esq. Subscriptions will be received at the Bankers, Messrs. Banbury and Lloyds, 60, Lombard-street E C • and at the Office of the Literary Association of the P nendi of Poland, 10 , Duke-street, St. James's, S.W. The names of other Bankers will shortly be announced. POLAND - FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE FUND. For the Relief of the Sick and Wounded and the Destitute Families of Polish Patriots. - - Subscriptions for the above purposes are received by Messrs. anbury and Lloyds, 60, 1 ombard-street, E.C., and Messrs. Ransom, liouverie, and Co., 1, Pall-mall E ist, S.W. ; and by the secretary, 10, i uke-street, St. James's, S.W.: and it paid into the Florence Nightingale Fund for Poland Will, together A - th £lO already subscribed by Miss Night ingale, be strictly applied to the above purposes by the Cora rnitte3 for Raising Funds in Aid of Poland. CLERICAL, MEDICAL. & GENERAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. 13, St. James's-square. London, S.W. Established 1821. FINANCIAL RESULTS OF THE SOCIETY'S OPERATIONS. The Annual Income exceeds .. £200,000 The Insurance Fund safely inv sted is over £,1330.000 New Annual Premiums for the last year.... £ 0,017 Bonus added to Policies et the list Division .Z 475,077 Total Claims by death paid £1,73?,779 The following are among the distinctive features of the Society : Credit 4 ystem.—On Policies for the whole of life, one-half of the Annual Premium during the first five years may re ntal on credit, and may either continue as a debt on the Policy, or be paid off at any time. Low Rates of rremium for Young Lives, ith early parti cipation in Pr( fits. Invalid Lives may be assured at Premiums proportioned to the increased risk Prompt Settlement of Claims.—Claims paid THIRTY days after proof of death. The Ac 'ounts and Balance Sheets are at all times open to the t,spection of the Assured, or of persons proposing to a.sure. Tables of Rates and Forms of Proposal can be obtained from any of the Society's Agents, or of GEORGE CUTCLIFFE, Actuary and Secretary. 13, St. James's-square, London, S.W. The Reversionery Bonus at the Quinquennial Division in 186' averaged 48 per Cent., and the Cash Bonus 28 per Cent.. on the Premiums paid 1,1 the five years. The next Division of Profits will take place in January, 1867. B RITISH NATION LIFE ASSURANCE OFFICE. 31A, Regent-street. ANNUAL INCOME, UPWARDS OF £150,000. COMPARATIVE PROGRESS Of the last three years, and of the current year (e , timated by the months panwhich Independent of its accessions by transfer, stands thus:— Policies Issued. New Annual Income. 1859-60 1860-61 1861-62 1862-63 Total new business in I 7,571 four years SPECIAL ADVANTAGES. Policies become payable during the lifetime of the assured, Without any increase of premium. Life policies are Indisputable, and not liable to forfeiture by inability to continue the premiums. Life Policies in full force during the days of grace. Annuities are granted on very liberal terms. Full particulars of these valuable and popular features will be found in the prospe:Aus. HENRY LAKE, Manager. T HE PATENT VENTILATING GRANARY COMPANY (Limited.) NO FURTHER APPLICATIONS for SHARES will be RECEIVED aster MONDAY, the 30th March, 1863. By order, J. L. SAWER, Sec., pro tern. 82, King 'William-street, March 28, 1863. T HE NEW THEATRE COMPANY (Limited). Established under "The Companies Act, 1R62," limitinz the liability of the shareho!ders to the amount subscribed. Capital, £125,000 in 5,000 shares of £25 each, with power to Increase. Deposit on application, Li per share ; and on allotment, £? per share. It is anticipated that not more than Ll 2 per share will be re quired to be call d up. Two months' interval between each call. PATRONS. The Duke of Wellington. I The Earl Grosvenor. The Duke of Leinstcr. The Earl of Hardwl The Marquis of Ponfg•al. The Ea.' of Sefton. The Marquis of Normanby. I The Earl of nudley. Colonel The Earl of Malesbur on y. Sir J. V. Shelle curable J. Macdonald. y, Bart. M• P Colonel the H • DIRECTORS. H. C. Cabold. Esq ,17. New Bridge-street, Blacktriars. J. W. Cusack, Esq., 12, Lancaster-'ate, Hyde-park. F. I , dw.rds, Esq., C.E., Adelphi Chambers. lieut.-Col Napier Sturt, M.P., 19, Po-tman-square. Gerard (le Witte, Esq , The Greenways, Leaminrton. TlAisurns—Messrs. Rims rn, Ponyerie. &Po., Pill Mall East. AUDI TORS- 1 1 essrs. Quilter, Ball, Jay, &Co, 3, Monrzate-st, BROKER G. B liictiard, Esq.. 21, Austin-tiara. Sommous —Messrs. Kimberley and Pope 25, Old Broad street, City. SECRETARY -31r. H J Montague. Offices-9, Cornh IL T'e object of this ASS"Cia+lOll is to carry out certain very desirable improvements in the structure of theltres and their infernal e:mnomv. The new theatres lately erected in Pa-is at the expense of the Fren h Government have proved suc cessful. not only as architectural ornaments to that metropo lis, but have attracted ponul sr patronage from the older and inconven ent places of' amusement. It is proposed to aecorn nlish in London by private ente prise that which in France has been done by Government subsidy, This Company has purchased a long leasehold in the Hay market, whereon a theatre wi I be erected, embracing all the advantages and improvements to which the people of London are entitled ; including wide entra• ces, roomy seats, unob structed passages, and good ventilation. By adopting a more simple plan of construction, not only is the cost of tho build ing diminished, but the cost of management and maintenance is mqerially reduced. Contracts for the performance of all the work are before the Directors, and the amount is safely within the limits of the capital. A freehold of equally ample dimensions, and 'n the immediate neighbourhood, cart be obtained, and the Proctors reserve the right to prefer that site, if in the interest of the Company it shall seem to them advisab e. This Company has also acquired the long leasehold of nearly an acre of land on the corner of Westminster-bedge, with frontage on the bridge, in the Westminster-bridge-road, and also on the river, facing the Houses of Parliament ; in cluding the West vinster Theatre, its whole stock of scenery, wardrobe, propet•ty and machinery. On a portion of this ground will be erected, among other , uilding.s, a large paint ino--room, machinery works, and pro?erty manufactory, to serve b th theatres. The Directors have received an offer from Mr. Boucicanit to lease the whole at a rent bleb will pay the , harcholders 10 per cent. on the capital subscribed ; or to manage the en terprise on theirb-half. receiving for h s services one-third of the net profits, after all outgoings have been paid. The Directors have resolved to accept the latter form of the offer, having sat'sfi d themselves that during the erection of the proposed new the •tre the Westminster Theafre alone will pay the sh •reholders 10 per rent. on their subscriptions. The dividend will commence from the date of allotment. and it is p ro posed shall be payable qnarterly. When the buildings are completed, N., hich will probably occupy abut four nths, a dividend of more than double that amoi.ut omo may be reason ably anticipated. The satishctory features of this enterprise are these :—lt is ba , ed on valuable and substantial prorerty, which, in its pr. sent unimproved state is rented for £4,10a a year ; a value which. if the property is left undisturbed, will be greatly en hanced by the nevv outhern embankment, whtch comes on its principal fronfage. And secondly, f r o m t h e int, ment of th ,, formation the Company comes into the posses sion of a part of the proje3t in full operation earning a die dend, A large number of the shares have teen privately sub scribed for. Applicat ons for shares may be made to the solicitors of the Company, to the Secretary at the offices of the Company, or at the Theatre Royal, Westminster. Form of Application for Shares. To the Directors of the New Theatre Company, Limited. Gentlemen,—Havinsr, paid to your banker the sum of being a deposit of £1 per share on spars in the above Company, I request that you will allot me that number, and I here' y accept such shares, or any I es number which may he allotted to me. subject to the articles of association ; and I further request that my name may be placed on the register of shareholders for the shares se allotted. Name in f or t ed. Address Profession or business Date.... lsa3. * If the amount is remitt.d to the Secretary by cheque it must be crossed with the name of the Company's Bank rs. The receipt will be forwarded by return of pc et. R OYAL NATIONAL LI FE-BOAT INSTITUTION (Incorporated by Royal Charter). PATRONESS-11er Most Gracious Majesty the Queen. i ET:sun/4T— Vice-Admiral the Puke of Northumberland, K.G., F.R.S. crtAfnmmr—Thos Baring, Fsq., M.P., F.R.S., V.P. ptry-CITAMMAN —ThOre OS Chapman, Esq., F.R.S., V.P. APPEAL. The Committee of Management have to state that, since he beginn;ng of the year 1860, the Roya, National Lifeboat has evpended L3t,(.00 on various Lifeboat Estab lishmentslnstitution n the Coasts of Eng'and, Scotland, and Ireland. The number of lives saved by the Life-boats of the Society. nd other means, since its formation, is 12,8 00 ; for which services 82 Gold Medals, 718 Silver Medals, and £16,480 in cash have been paid in rewards. The Institu tion has also expended £67, 0 0 on Life-boats, Life-boat Transporting -carp lages, and Boat-houses. Th e Committee desire to exp ress their grateful sense of the generous s. , poort which they have received from the Pritish public during the past few years, a support which has enab'ed them to establish their present magnificent fleet ot 12'3 Lifeboats on the shores of the United Kingdom. Deeply sensib e, however, of the great responsibility that res's on them to maintain their fleet in a thoroughly efficient state, and Ds Crews practised in the management of their boats. whi h cast only be effected by a large and permanent annual income, they earnestly appeal to all classes of their countrymen to aid them in upholding: and perpetuating so great and truly national a work. The Committee gratefully acknowledge the following con tributions £ s. d annual 50 0 0 Her Maiestv the Queen • • •• • . Campbell, the Hon. Mrs. G. •• • • • • annual 5 0 0 Clerk. Colonel, R.A. .. • • • • • • annual 11 0 • annual 10 0 0 Coutts and Co., Messrs., Banker s .. • Curt , e, Wm. Esti • • • • • • .. 4th don 10 0 0 Erle, Lord Chief Stistice .. . • • • don. 10 10 0 Fansha'e, Vice-Admiral Sir A.. K.C.B. • . 2d don. 25 0 0 Fenwick, G. J., Esq , cost of a Lifeboat and Tran -250 0 0 s p or ting Carriage • • • • • .. don. 30 0 Harvey. Rev. G. G. and Mrs. .• • • 7th don. 10 0 0 Martin, Sir Henry, Bart. • • •• • • • don. 15 15 0 Moore, Rev. G. B. 3 0 0 Smith, Mrs. George , nrcenwich •• .• •• Stirling, Col. Sir Anthony, K.C.11. • • • • annual 20 0 Thom s Lady, Weston-super-Mare. oollected by her Ladyship hip •• •• •• .. •• •. 16 16 0 'Will ou ghby d'Ere-by, Lord .. • • • • an nual 5 0 Donations and Annual Sn' , scriptions will be thankfully re ceived by the Bankers of the Institution, Messrs. Willis, Percival, and Co., 76, Lombard-street; Messrs. Cautts and Co., 50, Strand; Messrs. Berries, Farquhar, and Co., 16, St. .Tamer's-street, London ; by a 1 the Collectors of Customs and Bankers in the U n it e dlUngdom; and by the Secretary John- Itiehttrd Le wis. Egg., at the Office of the Institution, 14, street, A London. W.C. ___ THE FARMER'S BAROMETER, 505., a new Instrument, by Negretti and Zambra, will cor rectly indicate whether the Barometer tails for Rain or for Wind. Particulars by enclosing stamp.-1, Hatton-garden; 57, Cornhill; and In, Ilegent-otreet, TRULY EFFICACIOUS AND MILD. — Dr. SCOTT'S BILIOUS and LIVER PILLS, pre ared without any mercurial ingredient, from the recipe of Dr. -cott, of Bromley, Kent, will be found invaluable to all who -uffer from bilious and liver complaints, indigestion, wind, 4pasms, giddiness, dizziness of the eyes, &o. For habitual -ostiveness, as a family aperient medicine, and as a purifier of the blood, they are truly excellent; mild in their opera tion and grateful to !he stomach, they create appe'ite, pro mote digestion, and strengthen the whole nervous system. Sold by W. Lambert, 8, King William-street, Charing-cross. London, and by most druggists, in boxes, ls. lid., and three times the quantity in one, 2s. 9d. Be sure to ask for Dr. Scott's Bilious and Liver Pills. The genuine are a square green package, with " William Lambert," engraved on the stamp. ROYAL FREE HOSPITAL, Gray's-inn-road, in the immediate vicinity of the Great Northern Rail way Terminus, at Ring's-cross. Patron—The QUEEN. President—The Duke of BU( CLEUCH, K.G. Treasurer—Edward Masterman, Esq. This was the first hospital to introduce the principle of free and instant admission to the destitute sick, without the for mality of eovernors' letters. It is entirely devoted to desti tution in its most pitiable form—viz., that which is accom panied by sickness and disease, and is now of sufficient magnitude that, with adequate support, it may be rendered capable of admitting into its wards a very large proportion of the casual sick of this great metropolis. It requires but the funds in order to have 500 beds available for the reception of these the most wretched of our fellow-creatures. Moreover, it gratuitously affords medical advice and medicine to more, on the average, than 3,000 out-patients a week. The Weekly Board feel it their imperative duty to make an EARNEST APPEAL to the public for continued support, to enable them to sdmit and relieve the distressing cases that daily present themselves. Contributions are received by the Treasurer, Edward Maw erman, Esq., Nicholas-lane; also by Messrs. Coutts and co. ; Drummond and Co. ; Herries and Co. ; Ransom and Co. ; Prescott, Grote, and Co. Co. Smith, Payne, Co Co. ; Glyn and Co. ; Jones Loyd and o ; Barclay and Co. ; Denison and Co. ; W lliams, Deacon, and Co. ; Overend , G u rney , and Co. ; Nisbet and Co. ; Messrs. J. Barned and Co., Liverpool *nd at the Hospital STANFORD:B. SMITH, Secretitsy. Mime Lrry al to r his ra of fi g ht. ridge ahem )n re ign of town, atone an on felled light DW a iated peals some lowa ago, r into have mem -1 had The ~ and iend n in vorth )send other is no lingo, that ed as vhich r. 1. find vered were loved ion for a very ded 2d zeal in Indian nd 400 338 to to 300 p e r qr. met s down• down• down. up. Is 6d ; —Red eye 69 1 Od to pall ty brisk, p was calves, to Od to 51 ,1 stone • )r. 18 )r. 12• pr. 6. r. 1. ►r. 4. tr. 29. ir. 27• ,r. 10. r. 9. pre' usual iwaYS rrough LdeleY, rif e of Smith) Lstello, Second quare, co• augh ladras rke, of .gate'' derick testi ei ,El'il _cp. 11 ` my o°r N°. 22,072 NOTICE. ASECOND EDITION of MR. JEAFFRESON'S NEW NOVEL, " LIVE IT S OWN," in 3 vols., is now ready at all the Libraries. Hurst and Blackett, publishers, 13, Great Marlborough street. Price 55., FRANCATELLI'S COOK'S GUIDE, and HOUS EKEEPER'S and BUT LE it'S ASSISTANT, for Private F. milies. Containing pldin instructions for pickling and preserving vegetables, fruit, game, &c. ; the art of con f, ctiunery and ice-making, the curing of hams and bacon, with valuable directi ns for the preparation of proper diet for invalids ; also fur a variety of wine cups, dr.c. Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. This day, at all the Libraries, in 2 vols., Svo., with Illustrations, price 265., THE POLISH CAPTIVITY. An Account of the Present Position and Prospects of the Poles in the Kingdom of Poland, and in the Polish Provinces of Austria, Prussia, and Rus- ia. By H. SUTHERLAND EDWARDS, Author of "The Russians at Home," and "History of the Opera." " r. is book will be read with deep interest."—Athenaeum. London : W. H. Allen and . Co., 13, Waterloo-place, S.W. BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE for APRIL, 1863. No. DLXX. Price 2e. 6d. CONTENTS. Sensation Diplomacy in Japan. Mrs Clifford's , c=arriage.—Part Sir James Graham. 'The Inexhausi ib' e Capital. Caxtoniana.—Part XV. No. 20.--On Self-Control. No. 21.—The Modern Misanthrope. Br eddi. , g's Life of Bacon. The Yea'ig-tai Mountains, and Spirit-Writing in China. Marriage Bells. William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London. BEAUTIFUL FOR EVER. MADAME RACHEL ON " FEMALE GRACE AND BEAUTY." Just published, A B 0 OK OF B E A U T Y. By Madame RACHEL. To be had at 47A, New Bond-street. Price 28. 6d. OXFORD And CAMBRIDGE BOAT-RACE.— THE WELLINf4TON, St. James's-street, will be open for Breakfasts, Luncheons, and Dinners from 9 a m. A set Dinner, at le.ve Shillings each, is served from 3 p.m. The Three Shilling Dinner, and Dinners from the " Carte," as usual. WILLIAM COX, Superintendent. The Wellington, St. lamea's-street. Entrance, IEO, P ccadiily. SAWYER'S FAMOUS LONDON DINNER FOR THIS DAY, At 2s. 6d. each Person. SOUPS. A la Reins. Jardiniere. FISH Cod and Oyster ENTR EE Sried Whitings. Mutton Cutlets and Spinach. .Fricatelle a l'ltalienne. JOINTS Roast Sirloins of Beef. Roast Saddles of Mutton. SWEETS. Albert Puddings. Rhubarb Tartlets. Cheese and Salad. An extensive and carefully selected stock of FRENCH, RHENISH, MOSELLE, and other WINES, imported ex pressly for The London Dinner. THE LONDON, 19', FLEET-STREET. CANTERBURY H A LL. - GRAND SELECLIONS from popular OPERAS, con ducted by Mr. Jonghmans. Principal Arti-te - Miss Russell. The Comic by Unsworth, the modern Demosthene , , in his renowned stump speech ; Eucene's burlesque songs and dances ; Frank Hall, Arthur Lloyd, and Miss Laura Sanders, and a variety of other attractions. THE OXFOR D, R, OXFORD STREET. "THK ROSE OF DENMARK," Sung every Evening by Miss Ru , sell and the entire Company, also The New Cantata, by Herr Meyer Lutz, "HERNE THE ENTER," Gluck's ALCESTE, and other Operatic Selections, Supported by Miss Russell, Miss Townley, and Miss Oesten Mr. Green, Mr. Bernardi, Mr. J B. finish, and Mr. Albert, with full band and chorus. Conducted by Mr. Jonghm ns. Drew Dean's Flute Solos. Ballads by Master Edwin Sanders, the juvenile vocalist, aged D years. - - - George Hodson's Irish, Miscellaneous, and Ventriloquial Entertainment. Unsworth's great Stump Speech, "Or any other man." Eugene'sburiesque Sceneq and lances. W Randall's New Comics Mies. Miss Caroline Parkes' Vocal and Terpsichorean Sketches, and other varied attractions. Hall, 6d.—Balcony and Stalls, lc—Private Boxes, tOs. 6d JULLIEN'S PROMENADE CONCERTS. _tut. At the ARGYLL ROOMS, Great Windmilt-street, Piccadilly. Continued success of J. L ist n , ! the celebrated Cornet-a- P plays Nightly, at Nine and Ten one of his admir'd Solos, also at Eleven, Variations , "The Carnival de Venise." Revival of the Scotch Fantasia and Irish Quadrille, by M. Jullien. Solos by Tyler, King, Horton, M'Eleney, &c. Cavatina, "Di Nabuco," on the Euphonium. by L. Mosca. Doors open at Eight o'clock. Admission, is. Manager, Mons. GRENET. THE LONDON ANATOMICAL MUSEUM, containing the Wonders of Nature and Art, shown by innumerable Models, illustrating , very part of the Human Frame ; together with a variety of Natural al Prepara'Ana -I,,ns, Malformations, monstrosities , etc.; tMoving tomical Dying Zouave, and other life-size figures. Open daily from 11 to 10, for Gentlemen only. Admission, One Shilling. Entrance-44 A, Maddox-street, Regent-street, London, W. Illustrated Catalogue, free by post for 12 stamps, sealed 20. Explanations throughout the day. Lecture at 4. Address the Secretary, as above. THE best TROUSERS fim- gentlemen to wear are those made by ELSTOB, of CO, New Bond-street. They are neither so low in price as t ) necessitate their being carelessly put together, nor so dear as to gain only the wealthy as purchasers. "In media via tutissimus ibis." ELSTOB'S TROUSERS, TWENTY-ONE SHILLINGS PER PAIR. PARKER'S PATENT TWO-WHEELED CAR ItIAGES. The Exhibition "CAMBRIDGE CART," 45 guineas. The Sporting " CAMBRIDGE CART," 38 guineas. The Tradesman's " CAMBRIDGE (;AltT," 30 guineas. The Lady's "CAMBRIDGE I ART," 25 guineas. These vehicles, c lastructed on an entirely new principle, surpass all other two-wheeled carriages, for ease and freedom from knee motion, combined with lightness. Prospectus, with drawingsopinions of' the preo)," free by post, on application to the Inventor aryl Patentee, Frederick Parker, Carriage Builder, Cambridge. TEETH. —By MR. ESICF.LL'S INVENTION (Royal Seal granted 17th July, 1860), Sets or partial Sets of Teeth, exquisitely enamelled to nature, are made and fitted in a few hours by means of his patented soft elastic and imperishable base of the colour of the gum, to which it ad heres with wonderful tenacity, dispensing with springs or unsightly fastenings, and defying detection by toe closest observer. The peculiar attribute of Mr. Eskell's invention is, the readiness with which these teeth can be re-adapted to any change of the mouth (even by the wearer); and as they act independently of all disturbing causes which affect teeth of ordinary construction, they are guaranteed U. last a life time, as well as for mastication and articulation. Mr. ESKELL'S TREATISE, which fully explains hts invention, post free for seven stamps.—lnspection of specimens and Con sultations free. Terms strictly moderate.-8, Grosvenor street, Bond-street, London ; and 39, Bennett's-hill, Bir mink ham. OS TE O EID O N; Patent, March 1, 1862, No. 560. GABRIEL'S Self-adhesive Patent Indestructible MINE RAL TEEM' and FLEXIBLE GUMS, without palates, springs, or wires, and without operation. One set lasts a ifetime. and WARRANTED FOR MASTICATION and AR TICULATIO v, even when all others fail. Purest ma terials only, at half the usual opt. Messrs. GABRIEL, the old-established Dentists, 27, HARLEY-STREET, CAVENDISH-SQUARE; 84, LUDGATE-HILL, LONDON; 6 5 , NEW-STREET, BIRMINGHAM; and 134, DUKE -STREET, LIVERPOOL. one Complete Sets, 4to 7 and 10 to 15 gunts. ineas. Gabriel's visit only required from country patie Practical Treatise gratis. (7onsultati ors free, (":I Y / .., * 1.,..- - ; ('' ' 2.\•• (11)-1 . i . • .. -.. . ... ' ''' ,. -i ,, 114 , _:•=.. '-',-- , . ...- ,_ • / c-.• - , - ,- .-„ 1 - 4. .N - . - ): -. 1.4.•,:ti3.4„-.....w -... ;',l ~.. /, • .t- ..=,.... , ! e-_,. K , k ,-, , ' ' l / 4 , • • •• _.7,=', - •''.%- ••.:' ~ r • ,N , .. N . •'' t•Ctl 4 '''-' , 1 3-. ); •'' - - - .; 71 .;', ...4 , •••.:•-• ,- 3 • * --- t so , i '-- - 2,6 '''" - 4 , 1 Nl' , re?..-..--* "%---' -t• • •,.. e -------, 4 ,, / ,;, 4: ..,_ ~ 4 -` __›•..._.. „,,,,- " .0 , -(:l% .._ __T . 1' T. , -----, -, .•••• - -•--, • J ;!! - ~,\ ‘‘. c . - - L.-- 3. ----....\:, ..,,,,. ~,... , _ ' '8 'i : , 4, --.. v i - 21 - 11 'ers , " 7. ' 4 ",., - ..4,4 ,1q 41 - 1 -,60> ~ ,734L- q)RO- T ••`' " f ii ' • ,\ - .-- D__,.. ...„,___,, -- . - 0 . • " :::',:-•=-.. •„, THE SUN LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, MARCH 27, 1863, Mr. Blight, M,P., on the American Question. you also maintain what you consider to be the just rights of industry in your separate trades. Some times, indeed, you do things which many people do not approve, aid probably when you come to think more coolly of them you even doubt the wisdom of them yourselves. That is only saying that you are not immaculate ; that your wisdom, like that of other classes, is not absolutely perfect. But they have in the Southern States a specific for all these Alabama to leave Liverpool, was guilty of negligence, and has failed in its duty to a friendly nation." which, having been supported by Mr. MATTS (a carpenter), was carried unanimously. Mr. TREMOR (a joiner), moved, and Professor BESLEY seconded, the following resolutiow• " That we altogether repudiate the statement tlinthe war now raging in America is the result of republican or demo cratic institutions, but rather de we believe that the liberty arising out of such institutions has made it impossible for slavery longer to exist there, and we further believe that should the South be successful in setting up a Government founded on human slavery, to recognise such a Governmen would be to take a step backwards in civilisation, and we declare that we will use our utmost efforts to prevent the recognition of any Government founded on such a mon strous iniquity. And we hereby tender our thanks to the President, Government, and people of the Northern States for the firmness they have displayed and the sacrifices they have made to restore the Union and consolidate the liberty of the republic; and, as the cause of labour and liberty is one all over the world, we bid them God speed in their glo rious work of emancipation." _ - A meeting of the Trades Unions was held last evening in St. James's-hal), Piccadily, in favour of the Northern States of America and of Negto Emancipation. Mr. John Bright, M.P., president. The great hall was densely crowded long before the proceedings commenced. Among those present on the platform were Mr. Stansfeld, M.P., Mr. Law son, Mr. John Stuart Mill, Mr. P. A. Taylor, M.P.:, Mr. Newman Hall, Professor Bezley, &c. Mr. BRIGHT, on rising to open the proceedings of the meeting, was received with great cheering. The differences between capital and labour, by making labour itself capital ; and thus labour, being made capital, becomes property, end the whole system . . moves with tltt perftet ease and harmony which the world aciares so much in the Southern States hon. gentleman said,—When the committee did me the honour to ask me to attend this meeting to-night of America. I believe there never was a qaestion submitted to public opinion which it was more be coming working men to consider than the one of which lam now speaking. But some persons may ask, " What is to become of our trade ? What is to become of the capital and the labour of Lanca shire ?" Well, I wish I could give you a safe and useful answer to that question. lam not sure that much of the capital of Lancashire will not be ruined. ;o take the chair, I felt that I was not at liberty to refuse, for I considered there was something re• markable in the character of this meeting, and I need not telly ou that the cause which we are assem- bled to discuss is one that excites my warmest sym• pithy. (Cheers.) This meeting is remarkable, in . .. whioh, having been spoken to by a Mr. CONOLLY, was also unanimously adopted. _ asmuch as it is not what is commonly called a public meeting, but it is a meeting, as you have seen by the advertisement by which it has been called, of the The following address was then moved and seconded by Mr. PETHERBRIDGE and Mr. HEAP, and unanimously agreed to : " To ABRAHAM LINCOLN, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED I am not sure that a very large number of its popu lation will not have to remove and seek other em ployment either in this or in some other country. I am not one of those who underrate this great calamity ; on the contrary, I have scarcely met with any, certainly not more than half a dozen, who have been willing to measure the mag nitude of this calamity according to the scale which I have viewed it. But let us examine this matter so far as it bears upon the question as to what you ought to do with regard to the United States. The distress in Lancashire comes from a failure in the supply of cotton ; that comes from the war in the United States ; and that war has originated from the efforts of the slaveholders in that country to break up what they themselves ad mit to be the freest and best government that ever existed, for the sole purpose of perpetuating the in stitution of negro slavery. Then, if the South (I wish we had some better terms than South and North) —but if the South began the war, and created all this mischief, does it look reasonable that we should pat them on the back and be their friends ? (Cheers.) If they have destroyed the cotton or with held it, shall we therefore take them to our bosom ? I have a letter written by an agent in the city of Nashville, accustomed to buy cotton before the war. Immediately after that city came into the possession of the Northern forces he began his trade there. Cotton came in, the Secession planters having began to bring it in, and he had a fair chance of re-esta blishing his business ; but the moment this was dis covered by the commander of the Southern forces they issued a paramount order that every boat load, waggon load, or car load that was leaving a plantation for the purpose of sale should be imme diately destroyed. The result was that the cotton trade at Nashville was at once put an end to, and I members of the Trades' Unions and trades socie ties in London. The members of these societies have not usually stepped out from their ordinary business to take part in questions of this kind, or in any great public questions. But the sub ject which you are now met to discuss is one of surpassing interest, which excites at this mo ment, and has excited for two years past, ,he attention and astonishment of the civilized world. We see that country which for many years during the lifetime of the oldest among us has been the most peaceful, the moat prosperous, and the most free among the great nations of the earth— we see it plunged at once into the midst of a sanguinary revolution the proportions of which are so gigantic as to dwarf all other revolutionary re cords and events of which we have any knowledge. But I don't wonder at this revolution. No man can read the history of the United States from the time when they ceased to be colones of England withodt discovering at the very birth of that great republic that there were sown the seeds, if not of its dissolution, at least of its extreme peril. The infant giant in its cradle may be said to have been rocked under the shade of the tomb. Colonial weakness when face to face with British strength made it impossible to put an end to slavery or to establish a republic free from slavery. To meet England it was necessary to tolerate slavery, and from that hour to this—at least to within two or three years of the present period—the love of union, —the patriotism of the American people, has in duced them constantly to make concessions to slavery, bee *use they knew that when they ceased to make these concessions they ran the peril of that disruption which has now arrived, and they dreaded the destruction of their country even more than they hated the evil of slavery. Bat those concessions,— as concessions to evil I believe always do fail,-- believe, except to a small extent, is so to this very hour. Take again the city of New Orleans. That has been for many months in the possession of the Northern forces. The Northern commander has issued an announcement that any cotton sent down to New Orleans for exportation, even though it should come from the most resolved friend to secession, should still be allowed to be purchased there and shipped to Europe. But you have not found cotton come to New Orleans, although its coming down there would have been no advantage to the North. No, the cot ton has been withheld by the Southern States, with this single object, that they might create in the manufacturing districts of France and England a state of suffering that might at last become un bearable, and compel the Governments of those countries, in spite of all that international law might teach them, and in spite of all that political mo rality enjoined upon them, to take sides with the South and go to war with the North for the sake of liberating what cotton there is now in the Secession States. (Cheers.) Such of you as read the city articles of the daily papers will see that a loan has been contracted for in the city, to the amount of three millions sterling, on behalf of the Southern Confe deracy. It is not brought into the market by any firm bearing an English name—(cheers)—but I am prepared to say there are circumstances which give rise to the belief that many Englishmen have taken portions of that loan. Now, one of the great objects of the loan is this—to pay in this country for vessels which are being built here—for other Alabamas, from which it is hoped so much irritation will arise in the minds of the people of the Northern States that even yet England may be plunged into war, tied be made to appear to take sides with the South and with slavery. The South was neurally always hostile to England, because England was always hostile to slavery; and the great hope of the insurrection has been from the beginning that Englishmen would not have the fortitude to bear the calamities which the war in America has brought upon them, but would at last, by some trick or accident, be involved in a contest with the North, and thus aid and strengthen the South. This ques tion is so plain that. you Englishmen cannot fail to understand it—(cheers)—at least the 6,000,000 ' people in the Milled Kingdom who are not enfran chised, they, least of all, can never any longer feel a doubt upon the question. Their instincts are always, in the main, right ; and, if they get the facts and information, I can rely on their influence being put in the right scale. I wish I could say what would be as satisfactory to myself—the same of others. There may be men, it is said there are men, sitting among your legislators who will build and equip Corsair ships to prey upon the commerce of friendly powers—who will disregard the laws and honour of their country, and who will trample on the proclamation of their Sovereign for the sake of gratifying a greed for that profit which sometimes waits on crime, and who for the sake of which are content to cover themselves with an ever lasting infamy. (Cheers.) There may be men, too, rich men in this city of London who for the chance of more gain than honest dealings will afford them, would not hesitate to assist a cause whose funda mental institution and very corner stone of their constitutional edifice is declared to he a felony and to be infamous by the statutes of their country. I speak not to these men. I leave them to their con sciences, in that hour which comes to all of us, — when conscience speaks and the soul is no longer deaf to her voice. (Cheers.) I speak to you, the working men of London—the representatives as you are here to-night of the feelings and interests of the millions who cannot hear my voice. I wish you to be true to yourselves. (Cheers.) Dynasties may fall, aristocracies may perish, but you and your chil dren and your children's children will remain, and from you the English people will be continued to succeeding generations. (Cheers.) You wish for freedom, and you strive for it in many ways, but do not think of giving the hand of friendship or fel lowship to the worst foes of freedom that the world has ever seen. (Cheers.) Do not, I beseech you, bring down a curse upon your own cause which no after penitence can lift from it. (Cheers.) I have faith_in you. Impartial history will tell that when your statesmen were hostile or coldly neutral— when your rich men were corrupt, when your press which ought to have instructed and defended you, has been mainly written to betray your faith in that ♦ast continent whose populations are of your own kindred—you clung to freedom with unfaltering trust ; and be assured that God in His mercy will N. et make it the heritage of all his children. (Loud cheers.) have failed to secure safety to the Union. There were principles . at war which were wholly irrecon- cileable. The South, as you know, for the last 50 years have been engaged in building up fresh ram parts by which to defend their institutions, while the North have been growing yearly greater in freedom. A contest, therefore, could not be distant ; it was obviously inevite.b:e. In our day, then, that which the statesmen of America hoped permanently to postpone has arrived. The great trial is going on in sight of the world, and the verdict on this great question must at last be rendered ? But how much is at stake ? Some men in this coun try, some writers, talk of it as if, after all, it was no great matter that had caused this contest in the United States. I say that a whole continent is at stake. (Cheers.) It is not a question of boundary, it is not a question of tariff, it is not a question of su- premacy,or of party, it is not a question even o: the condition of 4,000,000 of negroes. It is more than that ; it is a question of a whole continent with its teeming millions, and what shall be their pre sent and future fate. It is for those millions, and among them, a question of freedom or slavery, edu cation or ignorance, light or darkness, Christian mo rality, ever widening and all-blessing in its influ ence, or an overshadowing and all-blasting guilt. (Cheers.) There are men, good men, who say that we in England who are opposed to war should take no public part in this great question ; and only yes terd,,y I received from a friend of mine, whose fidelity I honour, a letter in which he asked me whether I thought, with the views which he sup posed I entertained on the question of war, it was fitting that I should appear at such a meeting as this. It is not our war. (Cheers.) We did not make it. (Cheers.) We deeply lament it. It is not in our power to bring it to a close; but I know not that we are called upon to shut our eyes, and to close our hearts to the great issues that are depending upon it. (Cheers.) Now, we are met to ask one an other some questions. Has England any opinion with regard to this great American question ? Has Eng land any sympathy on one side or the other with either party engaged in this great struggle ? But, to come nearer, I would ask whether this meeting has any opinion upon it, and whether our sympa thies have been stirred in relation to it ? It is true to this meeting not many noble, not many rich have been called. It is a meeting composed of artisans, working men of the City of London, men whose la bour, in combination with capital and directing skill have built this great city, anit have made England great. I address myself to these men; I ask them, I ask you, have you any special interest in this con test P (Cheers.) Privilege thinks it has a great interest in it ; and every morning with blatant voice it comes into your street and curses the Ame rican Repubdc. Privilege has beheld an afflicting spectacle for many years past. It has beheld 30,000,000 of men, happy and prosperous, without Emperor —(cheers)— without King —(cheers)— without the surroundings of a Court—(cheers) — wit hout nobles, except such as are made by emi nence in intellect and virtue—(cheers)--without State bishops and State priests, the sole vendors of a law which works salvation ; without great armies and great navies, without great debt, and without great taxes. (Cheers.) Privilege has shuddered at what might happen to old Europe if this grand experiment should succeed. (Cheers.) But you, the workers—you striving after a better time—you, struggling upwards towards the light with slow and painful steps—you have no cause to look with jealousy upon a country which, among the nations of the globe, is that one where labour has met with the highest honour, and where it has reaped its greatest reward. (Cheers.) Are you aware of the great fact that in lo years, which is but as yester day when it is past, two millions and a half of your countrymen have found a home in the United States —that a population equal nearly to the population of this great city, equal no man kingdom, has in that space of time migrated from these shores P In the United States there has been an open door for every man, and millions have entered into it and have found rest. Let us take the two sections of the country which are now engaged in this fearful struggle. In the one, labour is honoured more than elsewhere in the world ; there, more than in any other country, men rise to competence and in dependence, and no honest pursuit is thwarted by the law. In the other section, labour is not only not honoured, but it i s d egra d e d ; there the labourer is made a ch a tt e l ; he is no more his own m aster than the horse th a t d rags t h e omn ibus through the next street, nor is his wife nor his child, nor is anything that is his own. If you have not heard the astounding statement, it may be well to refer to it for a moment—that it is h timesea r d i w t a stated o n ly confinedt e -d a t y o t n h e a g t slavery roes. not the black man only who sh ou ld b e a s l a ve. I T h i e n r e f j o e r w e , i 8 if h you lose your hold on negro slavery, you lose your sheet-anchor for the cause of the slave. (Cheers.) In your trade sooietiee you help each other, and Mr. HOWELL (a working bricklayer) then moved and Mr. ROGERS (a shoemaker) seconded, the fol lowing resolution : "That the attempt of the American slaveowners to break up the Union, in which their liberties and constitutional rights bad never been interfered with, is destructive of the first principles of political society, and that this meeting re gards with indignation the conduct of those public men, capitalists and journalists in this country, who have abetted the cause of the Confederates ; and, further, that the Go vernment of this country, in permitting the pirate ship W ! . 3 P&P ) NAt use of very large ordinance with a 10. seen in America lately 400-pounde . drical form and hollow•headed, fired ' T tiaLY / ton gun, which pierced plates of 9 inch4thioiclat S long ranges. These guns were used in turrets, to which was attached a lower and smaller turret, in which the loading of the gun was managed by the crew of the ship ; and this was much facilitated by using a small tramway, on which the gun worked. The time occupied in the reading of the papers and the discussion was so long that it was found necessary to defer any observations which the mem bers present had to make until after the reading of Capt. Coles' paper. PRICE STAMPED ....sd. since then, and now the demand for the new navy was for ships with great speed and immense strength. They must be 14-knot ships; they must be long to have speed, and broad to have stability, and keep their ports nine feet out of water. He put the case of there being an Alabama upon the track of our China and Australia trade; he would not call her a pirate, but supposing such a ship in time ?f`.-var, we had only two ships that coulkohase her ; the IMence and the Resistance would - Only follow in her wake, We saw the whole available American navy engaged in trying to catch this Alabama. Mr. Russell would do away with the timber-backing of the Warrior, and sub stitute iron plates. It did no good ; it only caused buckling of the plates, tending to draw out the bolts, and took fire with shells, as we saw at Shoebury ness. The weight of this wood would be better exchanged for iron plating. Mr. Russell gave Mr. Pole's formula for the relative strength required for plates versus guns. For _ _ SEA-GOING SHIELD SHIPS. A discussion took place last night at the United Service Institution, on the merits of Capt. Co!es's cupola or shield ships, a paper on which subject had been read by the inventor on the previous day. The chair was occupied by Sir J . p a ki„ g . ton. The right hon. baronet also presided on the day when the paper was read. At the request of the right hon. baronet Captain Coles briefly stated the advantage which he claimed for his principle of a moveable central turret armed with heavy guns, as against the old system of fixed broadsides. Commander SCOTT said he had submitted a plan to the Admiralty in connection with broadsides, which he thought would make ships armed on that principle more efficient than cupola ships. His plan was to give additional strongth to the more exposed parts of the ship by greater thickness of armour plates, and by giving the ship six or eight largo Horsfall guns, each working in a separate casemate. One objection which he urged to the system proposed by Captain Coles was that it would be impossible to work two 300-pounder breech-loading guns in the confined space of the interior of the cupolas. The concussion of heavy charges of powder would also be most injurious to the crew working the guns. An ordinary 68- pounder with 161 b of powder required 171 feet to work it, while the 300-pounder with 801 b of powder would have been 19 feet clear in the cupolas. The firing of a heavy gun with 801 b. of powder over the deck would cause such a concussion as to sweep not only everything off the deck, but one portion of the deck itself. The concussion of firing a gun on board would be terrific, and he did not believe that 300-pounders with 801 b. charge could be fired at all. The arrangement of Captain Coles simply amounted to fighting his ship from cupolas amid ships, and the question was, whether a ship would be more efficient upon this plan than by fighting the guns from broadsides. He believed that the latter would be really more serviceable. With re spect to these heavy guns, of which so much had been said, it must be borne in mind that there really was no large gun now in existence, which had stood even the tests of target practice. The Whitworth large gun was known to be unwell in its interior, and the Armstrong shunt gun had its muzzle nearly blown off at the late experiments. The only gun which had stood the test was the Horsfall, one of which they might probably hear again. Until these large guns were found to be reliable it would be bad policy to build ships for carrying them. 68 pounder 4l inches. 130 „ 200 „ 290 79 • • 8 ± 71 400 „ 500 „ 600 „ We have now to provide against a 300-pounder sending shot with a velocity of 1,500 feet per second, and we have to mount and fire this gun rapidly and easily to the ship ourselves. He could not but think that this would be done with all the able mechanics and engineers the country possesses. Capt. Coles's cupola he had made himself, and this one had been tried successfully. The turntable was the only mode he knew of which enabled such heavy guns to be moved with so much ease; and by this means too the weight was kept in the central line of the ship. The Prince Albert he could not think a judi cious application of the principle, and the Royal Sovereign was much worse. But give any one of our gallant naval officers a 15-knot ship, with a cupola forward and one aft, and the engines and rudder shot proof, and he would be bound they would give a good account of any Alabama in the world. But if it was required to work guns even on the broadside by machinery, it was only to say so, and there were plenty of mechanics who could do this. Mr. Scott Russell intimated that he knew how to make a larger number of guns available than in a cupola. He could see how the 300-pounder broadside gun could be put on a par with the turn table 300-pounders. The portholes in the cupola have the great advantage of being small, but it would be quite practicable to work a 300-pounder at any elevation in an opening which shall not be larger than the muzzle, only sufficient to allow of aiming. As to weights of armour,he would expect to see used 71-inch plates, with 31-inch iron backing, in vessels 500 feet long and 70 broad, of 12,000 or even 22,500 tons—Great Easterns, in fact, 700 feet long and 83 broad. Mr. Scott Russell pointed out that the Hector and Vali .nt are not proof against shell at their unarmoured parts; they would be blown up by shell entering here. But we must adopt ex pedients of partial protection and partial battery. The Warrior has more iron in her than the Great Eastern, in consequence of its not being used with economy. Protection to the water-line he did not much care about,'as the water-tight compartments serve the purpose of protection. He attributed much to the labours of the Iron-plate Committee, and looked to next year to show us how much progress had been made in scientific knowledge and profes sional acquirement, and ended by saying that engi neers and naval architects were ready to serve the Government, and to put up with loss rather than the service of the country should suffer. Mr. REED then followed with his paper, which, after a few observations alluding to his having re signed his office of secretary to the society so as to avoid embarrassing them, referred chiefly to a de fence of bis plan of construction adopted in the En terprise sloop of 950 tons, and an attack upon Capt. Coles's cupola plan. His iron-cased ship was as unlike the Monitor as possible; it was well out of water, well supported at every part, the armament in the centre, of few guns of long range, with the steering apparatus and engines protected by proof armour. Ho would armour-plate every ship of every size to a certain degree, giving them large guns with long range and high speed. Anything like the Monitor would be R decadence, a disgrace to our pride and to the " flag that has braved the battle and the breeze." The form of our ships should never be compromised as it is in the cupola plan. They must have good handsome masts and rigging. He advocated wooden ships, and especially wooden bottoms in small ships particularly. But if 14-knot ships must be had, iron is the only material to make them of; and this was according to the first design he had the honour of submitting to the Admiralty. He stated the evidence of the surveyor of Lloyds', that in some iron ships not five years old 1,000 rivets had disappeared iu the bottoms. And in private yards he knew of the plates being joined so badly as to require caulking, as the records of the society, he believed, would show. Still he would not deny that now no labour or capital is spared in private yards, and a high degree of excellence is attained. Mr. Reed described the enterprise, and said the frame of this ship was of timber converted. She had her battery in the centre, in a water-tight compartment, with means for fore and aft firing of the guns. In the Renard and Favourite the iron upper work was avoided, and they were completely plated. He alluded to the severe criticisms his plans had met with from the press, and especially from Admiral Halsted, defending the Enterprise from the charges brought against her in that gallant officer's pamphlet. As to the cupolas, or turrets rather, of Captain Coles, they were exposed on at least 10 square feet on all points. The trials with the Trusty in 1861 he tt ought not conclusive, as breech loaders were used. Then these cupolas could be easily wedged by boarders. He could see no pro spect of such vessels being made seagoing, and in action, as the bulwarks are permanent, the guns could not be fired fore and aft. By an array of figures on the black board Mr. Reed showed that the statement in the Mechanics' Magazine (Feb. 27) as to the weight of broadside being in favour of the cupola, was not only erroneous, but that the advan tage was largely in favour of the Favourite. Guns of 20 tons he expected to see worked by machinery; and if we dispensed with these 120-ton turrets we could afford to use machinery. Small shield ships could tot be constructed, and as to the ship now proposed by Captain Coles, it was impossible to con struct them as designed. Rapid turning of a ship with broadside ports like the Favourite would be gained by using the double screw system and high speed ; experiments upon which had recently been successfully made by Captain Astley Cooper Key. He did not regard the Enterprise, Resolute, and Favourite as specimens of the class of ships he con ceived would become the future style of naval architecture. Admiral ORsTED said he did not think there was much force in the objection that heavy guns could not be fired from the cupola without injury to the floor of the deck of the ship. The proposal to work guns of 22 tons weight in active service for broad side guns was certainly not of a practical character. Such guns would require steam engines or hydraulic rams to work them. They might be pretty in models, but for real service they might as well try the monster guns of the Dardanelles. (A laugh.) Captain OSBORNE wished to know by what me chanical arrangements it was proposed to ensure the moving of the heavy cupolas at a time when a heavy sea was rolling, so as to obtain the great range which was claimed as one of the merits of the sys tem of Captain Coles. Captain FISHBOURNE, R.N., confessed that he saw a difficulty in respect to these cupolas in the shape of the recoil. He felt convinced that large guns would be obtained, and then large charges would be necessary in order to obtain the requisite velocity, and this would lead of necessity to great recoil, which would be most inconvenient in the confined space afforded by the cupolas. They would be towers or turrets worked by turntables, which would be useful not only for these turrets, but which migh t be very conveniently applied to the working of heavy broalsides. A GENTLEMAN present contended that the effect of the firing of large guns with these enormouw charges of 801 b,, or very nearly a barrel of powder, would be absolutely to kill the men who had to work the guns in the cupolas. (A laugh.) Captain BLAKELY argued that guns of very large calibre could be made, and instanced in support of his views the fact that in America they used 300, 600, 800, and even 1,000 pounder guns. He had offered the Admiralty a 700-pounder gun on eon- dition that they would use it. The offer had not been accepted, but he was still prepared to lend the gun if the Admiralty would condescend to use it. (A laugh.) Captain SYMONS thought that with the use of Mr.FAIRBAIRN stated that he had proposed in 1855 to the Admiralty to investigate the subject of iron plates for ships, but was not encouraged to proceed. Admiral HALSTED, in reply, admitted that he was mistaken as to the statements in his pamphlet about the Research having the iron box, as he called it, or rectangular cupola. He protested, however, against being provided with these ships of war, one-third of whose guns were useless, and main tained that no trials had ever been made of targets representing ships' sides until the ships were in pro gress of construction. The Whitworth shell fired upon a target stronger than the Minotaur in Novem. ber last had initiated a revolution in naval gunnery and shipbuilding, and henceforth it was shell that was more difficult to keep out than shot, for it pene trated with more facility than solid shot. The reply of Capt. Coles, who was present, was, by consent, deferred till this day, when he will read his paper upon seagoing .blp id 6/3438 ' 1 After the diseussiov, Mr. LANCASTER, the well known artinerior, stated, in reference to the future the double screw lately introduced, it would give so much facility in the movement and handling of ships as to afford to the broadside ship all the advantages claimed for the movable cupolas. Captain Coles's ship itself might be improved by the adoption of two screws. Captain COLES replied to the various objections urged. He pointed out that the proposal of Com mander Scott to have six heavy broadside guns of 24 tons each would not in action be more effective than a cupola ship, which would engage the broad side one on equal terms with three guns only, and those placed in the centre of the ship. The shield ship was therefore equal to a broadside ship of twice the same number of guns. He denied that there would be any serious effect from concussion in the cupola, and stated that Captain Hewlett and other naval officers, with himself, were in the cupola at the time of firing 110-pounder guns and felt no inconvenience either from concussion or from the effect of smoke. The space allowed for the recoil in his shields was, he contended, quite sufficient. The experiments made on the Trusty showed that the concussion of powder had no serious effect on the deck. He fully approved of the suggestion of applying the two screws to his ship, as it would enable his cupolas to be worked more rapidly and efficiently. He regarded as groundless the objection that the shield or cupola would become jammed in action or be difficult to move in a heavy sea. Various other points having been replied to by Captain Coles, a vote of thanks proposed by Sir John Pakington was unanimously agreed to, and the discussion was brought to close. Mr. Chichester Fortescue, M.P., is still indis posed, and unable to attend to his official parliamentary duties. The hon. member is attacked with mrAsles, A NEW SYSTEM OF CONTROLLING CLOCKS BY ELECTRICITY has been hit upon by 117, Verite of Bervais, while experimenting at the new terminus of the Chemin do Fer du Nord in Paris. Under the pendulums of some of the many clocks in this vast establishment he placed small electro-magnets which, upon becoming active, exer c i se d a t a given moment an attraction upon the iron or steel in the pendu - lums. On the pedestal of the normal clock he placed a pile which communicated with it at each second, and ronderel the magnets active. Mr. Verite found, to his great surprise' and delight that, under the influence of this simultaneous action, all the pendulums oscillated in the most perfect syn chronism, even when their rate varied otherwise five or tea minutes a day, A current every two seconds is found quit& sufficient to ensure the most delicate regulation. M. Bon— naterre, a letter from whom appears in Les Mondes, states that the result is most satisfactory, and that for very little outlay one will be able to control all the clocks of a town by the best among them, so as to be no longer compelled to. hear 12 o'clock strike for a quarter of an hour ; he sugges'a that a normal clock should be established in the tower of Lt.. Jacques, and that all the principal ones in Paris Should be connected with it. Alas: that we have no M. Bonnaterre in this London of ours, whero above all places on earth " time is money," and such an arrangement would be most valuable.--rh, _treader. T r,;A7rmstrong Guns, by constant improvement, are now peitection. Tne same is the case with Herring's Magnctio brushes, which are now so perfected that failure with them is all but impossible. They are the true remedy for grey, hair, neuralgia, and nervous headache. N.B.—Counterfeits are being made. Ofliceo, 32, Lasinghall-street, London' /~ f% STATES OF AMERICA.. "Honoured Sir,—A portion of the British press, led by the infamous Times, an arrogant aristocracy, and some of the moneyed classes of this country, having misrepresented the wishes and feelings of its people with regard to the lamentable contest between two portions of the great repub lic, of which you are the legal and constitutional chief, we, the Trades Unionists and working men of London, in pub lic meeting assembled, desire to assure you and the people of the Northern and loyal States of America that our ear nest and heartfelt sympathies are with you in the arduous struggle you are maintaining in the cause of human free dom. We indignantly protest against the assertion that the people of England wish for the success of the Southern States in their diabolical attempt to establish a separate Government on the basis of human slavery. However much a liberty-hating aristocracy, and an unscrupulous moneyocracy may desire the consummation of such a crime, we, the working men of London, view it with abhorrence. We know that s!avery in America must have an indirect but real tendency to degrade and depress labour in this country also, and for this, if for no higher reason, we should refuse our sympathy to this infamous rebellion. The history of our race has been the story of a long continued struggle for freedom; and we prize too highly the liberties bequeathed us by our fathers to desecrate their memories by descending to associate with the conspirators who seek to sink the pro ducers of human necessaries and human wealth into soul less beasts. Though we have felt proud of our country, of the freedom won for its children, by the sacrifices and blood of our fathers, yet we have ever turned with glowing admiration to your great republic, where a higher political and social freedom has been generally established, but we have always regretted that it , citizens, our brothers in the great Anglo-Saxon family, should have allowed the foul stain of negro slavery to remain a black spot on their other wise noble institutions. When you, sir, were elected chief magistrate of the great American republic we hoped for the inauguration of a policy which should cause slavery to dis appear from the soil of the United States, and we have not been disappointed. Though surrounded by difficulties, though trammelled by enactments made during the ascend ancy of the slaveowners, you have struck off the shackles from the poor slaves of Columbia; you have welcomed as men, as equals under God, the coloured peoples of Havti and Liberia, and by your proclamation, issued on the first day of this year, and the plans you have laid before Congress, you have opened the gates of freedom to the millions of our negro brothers who have been deprived of their manhood by the infernal laws which have so long disgraced the civi lisation of America. We believe that the endeavours already made by you are only intimations of your earnest intention to carry out to completion the grand and holy work you have begun, and we pray you to go on, unfaulteringly, un dauntedly, never pausing until the vivifying sun of liberty shall warm the blood and inspire the soul of every man who breathes the air of your great republic. Be assured that in following out this noble course our earnest, our active sym pathies will be with you, and that, like our brothers in Lancashire, whose distress called forth your generous help in this your own time of difficulty, we would rather perish than band ourselves in unholy alliance with the South and slavery. May you and your compatriots be crowned with victory, and may the future see the people of England and their brothers of America marching shoulder to shoulder determinedly forward, the pioneers of human progress, the champions of universal lit erty 1" A vote of thanks was then passed to the chair man, who briefly acknowledged the compliment, and the vast assemblage then separated_ Institution of Naval Architects. The naval architects opened their session yester day at the room of the Society of Atts, in the Adelphi ; Sir John Pakington, Bart., M.P., the president, taking the chair. The four papers were read in succession upon the great subject of iron clad ships : by Mr. W. Fairbairn, " On the Con struction of Iron-plated Ships ;" by Mr. Samuda, "On Iron-plated Ships ;" by Mr. Scott Russell, "On the Present state of the Question at issue be tween Modern Guns and Iron-coated Ships ;" and by Mr. E. J. Reed, of the Admiralty, "On Iron cased Ships." Mr. Fairbairn's paper had reference chiefly to the importance of the working of the iron, and the methods of obtaining the greatest mechanical strength. As a rough statement, it might be said that thickness of plate would represent strength, but much depended upon the process of hammering and rolling, by which the fibre and texture of the metal were improved. He recurred to the views he had expressed in former papers, which were founded upon many experiments, and said that the cellular structure employed in tubular bridges and girders was the best form for obtaining greatest strength. He advocated the use of this principle in the con struction of iron ships, and would have the cellular compartments run the whole length of the bottom and sides of a ship, her armour plates to come above this, and the decks to be made very strong means of support by making the beams of iron. A ship ought to be so stiff that she would bear suspending on two points, one at each end, or even upon one amidships. As to steel, it was difficult to say what might not be done with it, as its strength was much greater than that of iron ; still, as yet it had not been sufficiently tested. He was not inclined to building very large ships. He showed a diagram of a vessel in which he would arrange the heavier burden of engines and guns in the middle, and these two be protected with more extensive armour-plates, while a belt might be carried round the ship at the water line, covering the steering apparatus and screw, but leaving parts unprotected. As to large guns, he was much of opinion that the limit of their strength had been attained in the 300 pounder. Mr. SAMUDA, as one of our professed iron ship builders, condemned the errors in the first four ships built by the Government of having their ends left unprotected. Still he considered that our millions were well spent even in this costly experiment, as we had now found out the error, and were building the iron ships with plates all over the fighting parts of the ship. Building wooden framed ships of the Royal Oak class was he thought better than doing nothing, though there could be no question that they would never stand the decaying influences which arcse between wood and iron, and they were essentially too weak for the heavy strain upon their sides. A better step, however, would have been to employ private yards in building iron ships. The cupola ships he unhesitatingly approved on prin ciple. They allow concentration of weight and armament, and require less armour in the propor tion of 11 to 20 feet in depth. They keep down tonnage and increase velocity, and would, he ex pected, be developed into highly important vessels. The Prince Albert, which he is building, he thought L should have engines of 800 horse-power instead of L 500; this would make her a 13-knot ship, and im prove her draught. The Gov-rnment should, he L said, employ the private yards, and £500,000 should be spent this year, and the same sum the next, in building cupola ships. This he would advise with : out waiting to try the Prince Albert, so satisfied was he that Captain Coles' plan was applicable to ' seagoing ships, though he admitted that huw they will act is yet doubtful. 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