The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-31 00:00:00

TN FUN, This Week, One P enn y , Our Prize Essays—Name of the Wintrr ; Sir Matthew _Ridley, M.P. ; The Frankfort Diet—all Smoke, &c., & White R OYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE Leasee, Mr. George Vining. Under the Management of Mr. Walter Montgomery. THIS EVENING, Shakespere'm Tragedy of RICHARD 111. Richard, Duke of Gloster, Mr. Walter Montgomery. After which, END ME FIVE SHIL LINGS. Commence at 7. NENV THE ATRE - R 0 YA L, ADELPHL— Sole Prorrintor and Manaor. Mr. B. Webster. TUTS EVENING (2d week), at 7, a new comic drama, THE HEN AND CITICKENS; or, A Sign ot Affeltion. Messrs. Billinirtnn, R. Phillips, Stephenson ; Mrs. Stirling and Miss H. Simms. Alter which, at a quarter-past 8, the new drama of THE HAUNTED MAN; oil, T 44HOST'S BARGAIN, in which will be exhibited Professor Pepper's adaptation of • the Great Spectral Illusion. Messrs. J. L. Took, R. Phillips, elton C. J. Smith; Mrs. Alfred Mellon and Missll. Simms. Followed by a new Burlesque, ent , fled ILL-TREATED 11, TitoVATORE. Messrs. 'rook, P. Bedford, R. Phillips. }lbnrne, C. J. Smith, Romer ; the Sisters Nelson, Carry and Sara, and Miss K. Kelly. - ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Manager, Mr. W. H. Swanborough. THIS EVENING, HIS FIRST CHAMPAGNE. Mx% Leigh Murray. Followed by (37th time) THE MOTTO, " I'M ALL THERE." Messrs. Honey, Turner, E . Danvers, Collier, Clifton ; Mesdames Ada Swanburough, F. Josephs, Maria ;Simpson, Wallace, and 'fenny White. To conclude with TURN HIM OUT. Mr. Turner, Miss Thorne. Commence at 7. rIHE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN," Centaininz the Latest SPORTING EWELL IGENQ;E, can be had Every Evening of G. R. GI,LNIE, NEWS AGE/CT, NO. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY. Morning, 3h. 30m. —Afternoon, 3h. - 52m To-moithow.-Morning, 4h. 15m.—Afternoon, 4h. 30m, The Weather—Sun Office, Aug. 31, 1363, This morning. ...................... 68 This day at Two o'clock .................... 68 Barometer- 29 . 80 . Wind—S. W. ; fresh, and showery. THERMOMETER• v 4 44,7 sljg, SUM LONDON, MONDAY, AUGUST 31, 1863. The extraordinary trial which during this last week so engaged public attention, came on Saturday to an abrupt close, immediately after the comple tion of the summing up, upon the whole case, by the learned judge before whom it was conducted. The decision of the jury was instant and unhesitat ing. They took no time whatever for deliberation. And this, for the one sufficient reason—that, by the time the evidence for the defence had been given in, in its entirety, it had became perfectly obvious to everybody in court that the cause ought never to have come on for trial at all. Anything like a detailed recapitulation of the case here, and at this moment, would be worse than superfluous, would be nothing less than tedious under the circumstances. The particulars have from first to last been so carefully and accurately reported that a recapitulation of them has been rendered altogether unnecessary. Nor is the case, whatever may be thought upon the matter by others, in any way so complicated as to render this recapitulation of it, in detail, requisite, in order to make it compre hensible. Our principal contemporary, it is true, has apparently thought quite otherwise. For, not content with giving the most admirably exact report of the whole five days' proceedings, it has prefaced each day's record with a more and mere carefully elaborated summary of the whole matter in dis pute—a summary that this morning surpasses in lucidity of argument, and in general completeness, the rival speeches of Mr. BoviLL and Mr. LusH, to gether with the summing up of the learned Judge, Baron BRAMWELL. Stripped of all unnecessary detail, the case re cently under discussion stands thus. The house holder of that beautiful old Elizabethan mansion, known out at the old court suburb of Kensington during the last two hundred and fifty years as Campden House—once the house of the First Vis count CAMPDEN, for a while the residence of Queen ANNE when Princess—the householder, and as such, of course, the virtual owner of Campden House, having been burnt out of that dwelling of his, in the spring of 1862, in the autumn of 1863 brings an action against an insurance office for the recovery of one out of several sums of money in which he stood insured up to the time of the fire, for house, furniture, fittings, pictures, 8.7 c., &c., in that and in two other insurance offices—sums amounting in the aggregate to no less than close upon £30,000 sterling. The principle insurance actually in dispute was to no •greater extent, it is true, than the sum of £4,000. The cause as it has stood during these five days of last week was between Mr. W. F. WOOLLEY as the plaintiff and the officials of the Sun Fire Office as the defendants. But the other two fire-offices implicated in this ex traordinary affair, the Argus and the Hand-in- Hand, are hardly less seriously affected than the Sun Fire Office by the decision of the jury down at Croydon. The meaning of the defence was avowedly that the plaintiff had set fire to the building himself, assisted in so doing by his valet, CROZIER. It constituted, therefore, a distinct charge of fraud and arson, involving not merely, if made good against the plaintiff, a refusal to hand over to him one of the various sums in which he stood insured up to the night of the conflagration, sums amounting, as we have said,' to an aggregate of very nearly £30,000 in all, but subjecting him beyond that to the very imminent I risk of penal servitude for life as a felon convicted I of a crime that a few years back would have led to his execution upon the scaffold. Instead of all which calamitie s befalling him at the cloee of this extraordinary trial, we find the plaintiff r e c eiving an instant, unconditional, and u nhesitating v er di ct i n h i s favour from the jury down at Cr o yd on on Saturday after noon. This verdict being one, moreover, that we hesitate not to insert at once, will gi ve un i versa l satisfaction wherever it is heard of. And, for the simple reason that the defence set np on behalf of the Sun Fire office was, from first to last, flagrantly extr avagance. inadmissable because of its very For the defence there was really, and in truth, no evidence whatever of any value or imp„- There was a singular cruelty, moreover, tan ce. in the raking up of all the plaintiff's antecedents. P..inful though the eclaircissemen; very probably is, however,to the plaintiff individually —it leaves him, after all has been said and done, with nothing whatever to blush for. Granted that twenty years ago he was a clerk somewhere in Regent-street, with a miserable stipend, that he was a waiter, or something like a waiter, in a London hotel; that he was a strolling player, or a hanger-on of a company of actors down in Hamp shire ; that he was a literary hack, as a chance translator ; that, in one word, he was an adven turer, li v ing at the b eg i nning cf his career purely by his w its—so far as the evidence for the &fence hr...s gone to prove anything in relation to Mr. WOOLLEY, he w as so l i v i ng in the literal meaning of the word, purely. What ever his antecedents may have been, they never appear to have been in any way dishonourable. His eventually naarrying, several years back, a lady bringing him a fortn'ie of £35,C09, Was a lucky 1..-..1 .... ~.., circ nix , s to ,nce for him, no doubt of it, but it was in no war whatever a discreditable circumstance. Per lon' Ally, indeed, ever since then, he appears to b ave comported himself in a manner befi ,ng one who has occupied the position osten sibly of a gentleman of honour and education, and more even than that, as the sequel of his career has shot rn, one of refined taste and of lavish hospita lity. . As a reason for declining to make good the am( ;tint claimed under the insurance, the case for the defendants broke down altogether. Stilt ru )re conspicuous was the collapse of the vidence brought together by. them with t view to its leading eventually to the conviction of the plaintiff for arson. So soon as their last witness had left the box after cross-examination, it became apparent that they bad, as the familiar phrase is, not a leg to stand upon. Painful though the whole of this investiga tion cannot, by possibility, but have been to Mr. WOOLLEY, to the insurance company itself it can not but be very seriously damaging. Lord STANLEY'S speech at the Royal North Lan cashire Agricultural Association is well worthy of perusal. He laid great stress on the state of agri cultural improvement in this country, that being one of the objects with which the society had to deal. An interesting circumstance was referred to, in the fact of Sir R. PEEL having written a letter thirteen years ago, in which he alluded to the then condition of Lancashire. He said that there were good roads, good markets, and a moist climate , which remained " undrained:, badly fenced, and wretchedly farmed." Then, said Lord STANLEY, " I ask anyone to com pare the Lancashire of 1850 with that of 1863." His lords'n ip truly stated that the progress made in those eventful years was greater than in the fifty preceding ones ; afterwards, referring to the society, he said that twenty years ago it wasatalgolanwlde,veinl, but now iet had kept pace with a n y in England, regard to• improvements, at the same time due re gard hail not been paid to agricultural improve. ments. Putting his words into the form of exem plificatica, he said that, looking to the country as it was, and considering the " simple and elementary processes of agricultural improvements, large fields, straight fences, and deep drains,"•there was, per haps, not one-half of the country in the state in which it ought to be, and in which, in all proba bility, in the next generation it would be. Lord STANLEY'S speeches are always pre eminently practical, and to the point; he never flatters or exaggerates, but seeks to point out the deficiencies, and flaws in a system, as well as parading the merits of the case. This style of speak ing may not be so pleasing, but it is more salutary certainly, and the hearers of such harangues may afterwards look back with satisfaction, and acknow ledge the benefits they have derived therefrom, which might not have accrued from more brilliant discourses, and more exciting studies. Lord STANLEY referred to his own personal experience in the Tylde district. He said that when he went there he was much pleased with the general appearance of the place. There were hardworking tenant-farmers whose families had lived there from time immemorial. In a social sense nothing could be better. There were the evi dences of hard work, independence, and comfort. But viewed as an agriculturist would regard it, the spot was very different. There was water standing open the ground after bat a little rain, and rushes so luxuriant that one might have fancied them to be the staple produce of the soil. Worse than this, there were large tracts of land going to waste be cause the owners and occupiers could not agree among themselves and unite to drain the ground in a proper manner. ,Lord STANLEY proved the truth of a homely adage, bat a very true one, re garding the great importance of the master's eye being upon the work, by stating that the "most un satisfactory of all the estates be saw were those that belonged to the Duchy of Lancaster, and they were under the direct control of the Crown." As may be supposed there was laughter at this remark, which seemed designed to show that there was no royal road to agriculture, bridging all difficulties and subduing obstacles, but that the common law held good in the highest as well as the lowest pro perties. There is an anecdote extant which is doubtless founded upon truth, that tells of a noble man who took great interest in rural matters, and complained to a farmer on his estate that he could not get such produce from the soil as his humbler neighbours did. The tenant exclaimed, " True ; but the difference consists in one word, my lord. You say Go,' and I say Come.'" Of course this rule would apply to any arduous undertaking. It is always of essential consequence that those who take an immediate interest in the conduct of an affair, should have a ruling voice in its concerns. Lord STANLEY went on to point out another deficiency in the outward cultivation of l i ancashire. There were many landlords who de rived benefit from the products beneath the soil, and were therefore indifferent as to the progress of agri culture. They were very naturally tempted by the profits, forgetting the difference that existed between manufacturing and agricultural risks. The old system of giving life leases also militated greatly against this, produced great injury, drained resources, and turned the relation of landlord and tenant into a sort of "gambling speculation." Th, speaker nest summed up the difficulties of their position as regarded cultivation. The climate w as less genial, and the soil required a good deal of labour to work it, but on the other side they had abundance of labour to come to their assistance ; their population was very rapidly increasing. Taking all things together, then, the bad did not seem to preponderate over the good. Lord STANLEY forcibly expressed his meaning by stating that it was not climate that made the difference in the producing power of one country over another, but human industry, skill, and energy. "Naples is a wilderness ; the lowlands of Scotland are a garden." This sentiment elicited loud cheers from the audience, Lord STANLEY concluded his impressive speech by stating that he had confidence in Lan- cashire men, and he looked forward to the day when various improvements should have taken place. He adverted to the question of the employ- went of machinery, and remarked that the next great step would create a revolution in English agriculture, namely, ploughing by steam. Refer- ring to the adoption of these novel modes of pro cedure by the farmers, he advised them to go with the spirit of the times, and not oppose useless and unavailing objections. " All I say is, this is a question which cannot be evaded. Sooner or later it will force itself upon you. At all times and in all trades; the competition between mechanism and han d labour has been too unequal to be sustained, and these farmers will be the wiser who observe w a happened in oth er departments of in dustry,hrea t not ha whos to h e tak e l wa rning in ti me , and who take car© l eft behind in th e race." Circumstances invest the proceedings of the c a _ nadians with an unusual degree of interest, a n d a good many English readers will turn with so me curiosity to the report of the address with which the tiovernor-General opened the no .v Parliament. The speech, in accordance with that policy by which the constitutions of our colonies a mado to re- semble their English prototype as closely as pos sible, is of a character familiar to most of us. It addresses collectively the members of both assem blies, commenting on one or two points of import ance in the domestic economy ; it directs the atten tion of the popular branch of the Legislature to the consideration of the estimates; and concludes with courtly expressions of confidence and hopes for peace and prosperity. Under this seeming routine, however, there lurk indications of some moment. The assembling of the Parliament at an unusual season is accounted for by the somewhat abrupt termination of the Tabours of its predecessor; but it is not improbable that the state of affairs in the neighbouring country may have had something to do with it. Nothing is said, moreover, in refer ence to the conduct of the Federal States in the observations made by the Governor-General re specting the proposed amendments of the Militia Law, and to the increase in the volunteer force ; ing continent,n jn e a ce n :v o oe t brfhyue vital par Ir r dF t . e o df The the e e but it is impossible not to reco gn i se t h e i nfluence not gr e aotn North of the American raging d a r e r f e o n g c a e n c o e f t a h n e d c presump tion country yis a s u b i e to the Canadians, when from the rashness and insolence of the Government of the Northern States they can never reckon on the maintenance of the outwardly amicable relations between the Cabinets of St. James's and Washington. It is true that their union with this country is a tower of strength to them; but, at the same time, it is not impossible that the same cause may involve the Canadians in a war with their powerful neighbour. The ultimate issue would not be doubt ful with the mother country in the background, but it needs all Canada's watchfulness and energy to be on her guard against the first move. In this matter she must help herself, and though some among us have been too ready to censure the colo nists because their efforts appeared d i sproportionate to their requirements, not regarding the scarcity of the population, there can be no question that our North American colonies must make greater and more sustained efforts than they have hitherto done if they wish to keep pace with the necessities of their position. However much the security of Canada may concern us, it touches them still more nearly. It has been said by those who are unwil ling to make the required exertion that it is unfair to call upon the colonists to carry on a war in which they are not interested, and with whose origin they have had nothing to do. To this, the sufficient answer is that, without the support of that Power which involves them in these disinterested wars, they would probably long since have fallen victims to the aggression of some stronger Stale. The ex tensive application of the Volunteer principle is the safeguard for a colony like Canada. Every able bodied man should know how to shoulder his rifle, and be familiar with the rudiments of military training, that in the time of sudden need or urgency the army of defence would be ready and able to act at a momen t' s no ti ce . Th e meu of a regular army could be ill spared from the popula tion of the country, and however admirable may be the effects of enthusiasm and patriotic fervour, they will not altogether supply the place of skill and discipline. The Governor in his speech especially directs the attention of the Legislature to the pro LATEST _ INTELLIGENCE. 1 (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) THE POLISH INSURRECTION, WARSAW, AUG. 29. The National Government has issued a decree forbidding the exercise of the censorship in Warsaw. The chief censor, M. Sobieszczanski, has conse quently already tendered his resignation. JAPAN. (By Telegraph from Suez,) Government JAPAN, JULY 4. a growing affinity be tween There t h i e s Tycoon's reported and foreign ers . The Ty coon has chart ere d B ritish steamers to cony ey troops. PORTUGAL. (Per Oneida.) LISBON, AUG. 27 Count Bone Fim has b3en appointed Governor of The Cape Verde Islands. The Gazette has published a ministerial decree that the bills and the Pontifical rescripts concern ing the rights of the Portuguese Crown over the Indian bishoprics be published at th© cost of the Government. An Italian squadron and Prince Carignan are expected to arrive at Lisbon for the baptism of the expected Royal infant, which will take place i❑ the Church of Santa Maria of Belem. The Marquis de Bella is appointed Italian Minis ,er at the Court of Lisbon. The war steamer Mindello is under orders to pro ceed to England at the end of this month to bring back Dorn Fernando. The arbiters appointed to settle the points at issue between the Government and Senhor Sala manca have decided in favour of the former. The remains of the late Infante Don John have been privately removed by night to the Mausoleum of San Vincente. It is said the Portuguese Government are abou ,o negotiate another large loan in a foreign market Tne vine disease has already committed grew ravages. It is said the Portuguese Government are about to negotiate another large loan in a foreign market. The general assembly of the Bank of Portugal have approved of the report of the committee charged to give their advice on the proposition of Messrs. Stern of London inviting the Bank to asso ciate itself in the creation of a Credit Foncier in Lisbon. Trade continues dull. Renter, 491; Coupons 491. Exchange on London, 53/ at 90 days' date. FRANCE. A MEDAL FOR MEXICO. PARIS, AUG. 31 A decree has been issued for striking a medal commemorative of t h e Alexican expe diti on , t o b e distributed to all w h o have taken part in the cam paign. BOURSE, Aug. 29.—Th e mar k e t has lost none o f the buoyancy whi c h i t acquired before th e c l ose of business yeste r d ay, and prices are again rather higher, Threes, f or the Account, being now at 67f. 90c. Rai lway Shar e Market firm, without any material variations. The market continued firm to the end, and closed as follows :- 11 per Cent 5....... 97 Italian Loan 73 20 Do. end month..." -- Do. end month 73 05 3 per Cents ..... 67 9 0 New d i tto ....... Do. end month.... 67 75 Do, end month 73 O a Credit Mobilier.... 1115 Russian Do. end month.... 11 11 25 Austrian Bank Shares 3390 Spanish Throes.... 51 7; Credit .F oneier 1270 Home Debt posed amendment in the militia law, and to the large increase which has taken place in Volunteer force. Offers of service continue to pour in, proving that the whole colony is fully aware of the impor- ance of the matter, and the Governor observes that ,he interest felt in the formation of drill associations, ;ogether with the eagerness of the youth of the country to perfect their skill as marksmen, are evi• deuces of the readiness with which the people of Canada would submit to hardship and sacrifice, were it necessary in the cause of their country. It would ill become the Governor of a professedly peaceful State to state the reason why such urgent need exists for strengthening the defence of the country, but the riddle is not difficult to read, and will be probably very quickly read by a good many others. Matters of finance are but lightly touched upon, although the Governor alluded to the unsatisfactory state of the exchequer, in which for some years the deficiency has exceeded the incomings. He suggests that some strenuous effort be made to put an end to so awkward a discrepancy, and we may hope from the improving fortunes of the colony that it will not be very long before credit and debit change places in the sum total. The proposal for opening a telegraphic and postal communication between Lake Superior and New Westminster may well be styled an important undertaking, and the scheme will probably be one of the first brought under legislative notice. A line connecting the Northern and Southern neighbours of Canada would, as the Governor observed, affect her prospects both in a military and commercial point of view. When that vast continent from north to south is joined in one mighty chain, whose links stretch unbroken through English territories, the commerce of the mother country will be worthily represented by her descen dants. The colonists, like ourselves, are expressing their thankfulness for that national blessing, an abundant harvest, and the good it brings in its train. Let us hope that their co urse of 'in ternal progress and development may proceed BAIL 'AYB. Cash. Account. 1020 .. 1023 75 .. 990 -- Orleans Northern New ditto Lyons and Mediterranean 1028 75 .. 1030 Geneva 492 50 .. 493 75 Southern ...... Western Eastern Sardinian 416 25 .. 415 Austrian Lombard North of Spain Saragossa 6BO .. 678 75 Ditto to Barcelona The Brazil and River Plate Mails. SOUTCAMPTON, Monday Morning. The Royal Mail Company's screw steamer Oneida, Captain T. A. Bevis, has arrived, with mails of the following dates :—Buenos Ayres, July 30 ; Montevideo, 31 ; Rio de Janeiro, Aug. 8; Bahia, 11; Pernambuco, 13 ; St. Vincent (Cape Verds), 20 ; Lisbon, 27. Among the passengers are Mr. Hopkins, Consul- General of the Argentine Republic to the United States, from Buenos Ayres ; the Hon. W. G. Cora. wallis Elliot and Mr. William Brodie, of the British Legation at Rio Janeiro. all diamonds, passengers, i 1 £ 8 4 0 3 ; 492 in i sp h e e ci o e, n l e o id p a a b e r k i a n g g e s s in of to bacco, 170 barrels of tapioca, 8 cases of plants, and 138 packages of sundries. She spoke Her Majesty's ship Esk on l eav i ng Rio ; the English ship Tudor, standing to th e north, on the 18th inst., lat. 11 . 42 N., long. 27 %V. ; the outwardEnglishas tn 19th, let. 5.11 i shipm ail steamer Elizabeth l Pa Fry, st an di ng to the south east, r N a ; long. 25.50 N .; the a , on 20 th , bound for St. Vincent; and abreast O porto the French B ra • zilian mail steamer, standing to the southward. Her Majesty's ships Curlew and Spider were at Buenos Ayres; the Alecto gone to the Falkland Islands; the Forte, Triton, Dotterel, and Sheldrake at Buenos Ayres; the Satellite at Bahia ; and the Stromboli at Pernambuco. 1 unchecked by the horrors of war, though the old Canadian spirit would not shrink from sustaining them if necessary. We would, moreover, caution BUENOS A ...LYRES, July 30. The political sitaation of the Argentine Republic has become very steady. The provinces continue pacified, and General Penaloza is said to have passed over to Chili. The dispute With the Government of the Banda Oriental is settled. our friends of the Northern States that in case of hostilities between them and Canada, we may turn our modern education to some account, and show them that w e h ave i mprove d i n geogra ph y s i nce the days o f L ord ASIIBUFTON, by rectifying the trifling error which gavo them Portland and Maine. Business dull; the principal export and import articles aro neglected. E ansLondon,con considerably, 6d.; Paris, 830.; daderably, and closed at 440 dole. on the 27 th duly, an d at 434 d o l e . on the 30th idem. ob x l c o h on ge have on declined THE PRIVATEER FLORIDA AT BREST.—The in telligence recently published that the Confederate steam corvette Florida had arrived at Brest is confirmed, She has a crew of 128 men, and had on board when s he reached Brest 24 other persons, 23 of whom composed the crew of the Federal vessel the Anglo-Saxon, which the Florida captured and burnt not far from the English coast. Those men were landed at Brest and left to themselves in the public street. The American Consul, on being informed of the fact, took measures to secure them boarding and lodging until their future fate is decided on. The other man is the English pilot, who was on board the captured vessel. The Florida, which has received free pratique, has met with some damage to her engine and is short of coal. PRIZE FIGHTS.—The great fight between Mace and Goss, to which the att ent i on of sporting men has for is, of course, a secret except to a few. Heenan, "the Be som e ti me past been di rec t e d , will come off to-morrow, but h whose fight with T om S ayers created so mach excitement is to fi g h t K ing, who won the last battle for the championship i n hi s contest with M ace . The day fixed is the Bth of D ecember, the distance te localityDeix Benicia Boy, " ment some time ago, to be within 100 miles of Loudon. Both men are over six feet in height. MONTE VIDEO, July 31. The civil war continues but is carried on ver y slo w ly on account of th e w i nter season, General Flores is reported to be at T acnarem b o, a small p l ace on the Brazilian fronti er. Th e M onte Videan G ov ernment report th a t a division of their troops had been defeated by General Flores, nevertheless the country. it i s generally believed that he will have to leave s tocked with most imp ort articles. and the market over- Business extremely d ull, Exchange on London. 511 d.; Paris, 82f. Rio DE JANEIRO, Aug. 7. Business in general very dull. In coffee no dis position to operate after the Oneida's news, at the high rates of 7,500 to 7,900 for superiors; 7,200 to 7,400 good packets ; 7 ,000 to 7,250 Channel lots. Stocks 45,000 bags. Exchange on London, 2f3 to 27 per dol., 90 days' sight. _ _ THE NEW GOVERNMENT OFFICES, DOWNING STrtEET.—In giving the list of tenders for the new Foreign-office, sonic explanation of the present condition of the extensive works is necessary. Up to the present time, the contract for the foundations and concrete of the Foreign office has alone been completed. The cost of this portion of the work has been L 16,117. The present tender, accepted, embraces the whole of the superstructure of the Foreign office, and amounts to a little over £195,000. The works of the India-office on the western portion of the ground, or next'the park, art advancing with considerekle rapidity. The expiration, in 1866, of the lease held by the Govern ment of the temporary India-office in Victoria-street has rendered it necessary to proceed with the new works .with Choralbei g all possible vigour. Tho contract, therefore, has been let s p o re e p im ar t e ieds.—a.Breud greatly atly in section s t o M essrs, Smith and Taylor, i n or d er t o avc id the d e l ay that would otherwise occur while the quantities were on the increase in Russia, The elections for voters to a ppoint the deputies to the new Assembly were to commence on t h e 9 t h. PERNAMBUCO, Aug. 13. The elections were going off quietly. The entries of produce from the country con tinued to arrive slowly. Sugars quoted 3 dole. to 3,800 dais. per arrobta, for whites, for second to fourth quality. Exchange on London, 27d. to 274-d• per dol., 90 days'sight, at which rates about X 50,000 sterling had been passed for the Oneida. BAHIA, Aug. 11. There had been little movement in the export market. Stocks of sugar small —whites had sold from 2 dol s . t o 2.4 00 dols. Exchange on Laudon, per dol., 93 days' sight. THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 31, 1863. AMERICA. LIVERPOOL, Aug. 29. The Royal mail steamship Arabia has arrived with the Neer York mails of the 18th, Boston of the 19th, and Halifax of the 21st. Gen. Canby had issued the following circular in reference to the duties of his troops during the en forcement of the draught in New York : "Their duties are limited to the defence of forts and the protection of public property and officers of the general Government in the performance of their legal duties. The duty of maintaining order and protecting the property and rights of private indi viduals devolves upon the municipal and State authorities, but the troops of the United States will be held in readiness to render any assistance that may be called for by the proper authority or be rendered necessary by the inability of the civil authorities to accomplish these ends. lithe officers of the general Government and any county of the State and municipal Government are assailed by lawless violence, it will be the duty of the troops to protect them. If they are charged with the protec tion of public property, public buildings, or other valuable interests, it will be their duty to defend them to the last extremity. If called upon by the civil authorities to aid in the maintenance of order or the enforcement of the laws, the aid will be ren dered promptly, cheerfully, and efficiently. The troops that have been brought to the city, and who may be called upon to aid in the maintenance of order and the enforcement of the laws, must themselves set the example of orderly and soldierly conduct, and the attention of all officers and men is specially directed to this point. The movement of troops to distant parts of the city, or to points in its neighbourhood, will be made as far as practicable by water, and for this the quar- termaster's department will keep a sufficient num ber of steamers in constant readiness to move to any point. The steamers, if not armed, will be con veyed by armed steamers. Al! the militia in this city and Brooklyn are under arms, and will be until the draught is completed." Governor Seymour, in hie address, says "I hereby admonish all judicial and executive officers whose duty it is to enforce law and preserve public order, that they take vigorous and effective measures to put down any riotous or unlawful assem• blages, and if they find their power insufficient for that purpose, to call on the military in the manner pointed out by the statutes of the State. If these means should prove insufficient, I shall then exert the full power of the State in order that public order may be preserved, and the persons and pro perty of citizens be fully protected." The Washington correspondent of the New York Herald says that the following conversation had oc curred between General Butler and Mr. Stanton : " General Butler dropped in at the War Depart ment a few days after his return, and while there the following authentic conversation transpired— " General Butler—' I have called, Mr. Stanton, to know why I was removed from the Department of the Gulf.' " Secretary Stanton—' I assure you, General, that it was from no lack of confidence in your patriotism, capacity, or integrity. " General Butler —e I did not ask you, Mr. Secre tary, why I was not removed, but why I was.' " Secretary Stanton-.' You are a lawyer, General, and so am I, and you are aware that it is not always polite to tell all we know.' " General Butler—' Well, what are you going to do with me now ? Secretary Stanton- 1 110w would you like to take the Army of the Potomac ? ' " General Butler— , Did you ever know amer chant, Mr. Secretary, to invest largely in an old stock of goods ?' " This was the responsive and suggestive poser to the Secretary. Whereupon Gen. Butler made his exit from the War Department, confident of being even with the Pennsylvania pleader. A despatch from New York of the 18th says, that the British Government has made an appeal to the Supreme Court in the case of the Peterhoff. "In the interim the Secretary of the Navy hks directed that application be made for an order fpr the sale of the ship's cargo and tackle to the United States. The vessel will be a valuable addition to the navy." • The Army of the Potomac remained inactive. A correspondent writing from Gen. Meade's head quarters on the 10th inst. describes briefly the manner in which the soldiers passed their time : " Were it not for the great scarcity of water the troops would fare very well. They are all fatigued after their long marches, and in want of rest. Even were they not tired they could not do much in the way of marching or fighting while this fearfully hot `spell' continues. Every morning about half-past five o'clock the fierce red sun rises over the woods, and pours down his scorching rays on man and beast. As he follows his course to the West the beat is intensified, and by noon it is intolerable. The men, with the exception of those on guard, seek the grateful shade of the woods. Some may be found a mile from camp, picking blackberries, others visiting the few miserable farmhouses in the vicinity in search of good water or fresh milk—for the latter they always pay—and others may be seen slumbering off the sultry hours under their little shelter tents. We have not even the poor re lief of passing clouds to break the force of the shooting fire, but must bear it all until the snn goes down behind the woods off in the West. The even ings are cool, and we can pass the night in comfort. Mosquitoes have not yet made their appearance here, and while we remain on high ground we are not likely to be much troubled with them." A letter dated Baltimore of the 13th inst. says : " Your despatches from the head-quarters of the army of the Potomac contain accounts of the arrival at Gordonsville of reinforcements for General Lee's army from the South. My information, never at fault hitherto, places the number of these reinforce. ments at 30,000, which makes General Lee's pre sent strength 125,000 troops. General Lee is be• sides receiving some conscripts, which will soon swell his numbers to 150,000. The main body of this vast slimy is massed on the line of the Rapid an , with General Lee's headquarters at Gordonsville, but the new cavalry squadrons are being drilled and exercised in the Shenandoah valley. It would seem also that General Lee is organising some new batteries of artillery, for artillery drills with target practice take place daily, at the same points where these new cavalry squadrons are exercised. The guns are brass pieces, and if not new, are so bright that they look new. There are twelve of these bat. terics at one point of the Shenandoah valley. Gene. ral Meade ccriceives, and with reason, that the a d m inistration is putting him and keeping him in a false position, and one in which he can reap no laurels. He wishes to take Richmond, and believes he can do so. But he wishes to make the campaign by the proper route, and to be furnished with ade quate means of doing so—namely, 200,000 t roops b y the peninsula route. To march his 150,000 troops across the Rappahannock he believes will be march ing them by too lcng a route for rapid operations." Messrs. Upton, of Boston, owners of the ship Nora, destroyed by the Alabama, had sent a me morial to Mr. Seward, protesting against the de struction of their pr o p er t y. The chief points in their memorial are the ll fe - owie-- • :---" The Nora, a legally registered American ship, was chartered at Liverpool by Mr. W. N. D e AT a tos to carry a cargo from that port to Calcutta. While on the voyage she was boarded and taken possession of by a vessel calling herself the Confederate States man-of-war Alabama, by whose captain a part of the stores were removed and the ship set on fire. The owners pro test 1, against this destruction of their ship, and de mand reparation from the British Government in the sum of 80,000 dollars. They base their claim on the fact that the Alabama is an English vessel, having sailed under the British flag, and never having entered a Confederate port ; that the British Govern ment has never interfered with her unlawful acts, and on the additional fact that at the time of the capture of the Nora she was principally manned by British subjects. In view of these matters and of others which may be made to appear, the memorialists have entered their solemn protest against the Bri tish Government and people, as willing parties negligently culpable in the destruction of their pro. perty upon the high seas, and thus, in firet violating . the proclamation of th e Q ueen b y building and manning said steamer, and then allowing her to continue her depredations. And they ask, through the Government of the United States, that a proper representation may be made to them by the said Government of Great Britain, or that the Govern ment of the United States may assume the same as one of the Governmental obligations to protect the rights of their citizens thus wantonly violated." A letter from General Rosecrans' head-quarters at Bridgeport, Alatatna, dated the 2d inst., says— " The enemy hold the Tennessee river from Har rison to Bridgeport. Harrison is their right, Chat tanooga the centre—the fortified citadel—and Bridgeport is the left. The whole line covers the important positions of Cleveland and other points on the railroad from Knoxsville to Atalanta. Bragg knows that if we move on Chattanooga our line must accommodate itself to his. If we do not he stands ready to accommodate himself to ours. At any rate there is no fear that we are going to com mit the fault of leaving him on our flank again. The sanguine expectations of loyal men are rather dampened by the two difficulties which one on the spot cannot but see. One does not like to look them squarely in the face. Yet they are so ap parent that they cannot be avoided. I refer, first, to the great difficulty of provisioning the army and fill ing its depots—a difficulty increased by the increased distance from our base, and the said want of rail road rolling stock. The zmpedinzenta of our army are generally considered to be the large amount of transportation, which retards advances and obstructs retreats. Bat in the present instance the chief impediment to an advance is the want of it. It is an impediment which is going to rob us of what is now of most value to us ; for it is both safety and success. I mean time. If we had trans portation in plenty I think General Rosecrans would take old Father Time by the forelock with such vigour and energy as would astonish the rebels out of Chattanooga in 20 days. And yet one sees on the track here a vast number of cars. I noticed a train a few days ago with car& in it from nearly every road the stock of which is quoted in the commercial columns. War is a great amalgamizer of races and railroad cars. In a train which came up to-day, drawn by a captured locomotive from the Memphis and Charleston road, and now called Governor Johnson, I saw cars from the Michigan Southern, Mobile and Ohio, Little Miami and Co lumbus and Xenia, Memphis and Charleston, Cin cinnati, Columbus, and Cleveland, Jackson and Vicksburg, and Georgia Central roads, and a large number marked Jerry Nottingham's freight line, via Crestline.'" THE FLORIDA. The following letter from Captain Cavally, com mander of the ship Anglo-Saxon, to Captain A. H. Caldwell, of Liverpool, was posted at the Liverpool Exchange News-room on Friday, and created cm siderable interest : "Brest, August 25, 1863. Dear Sir,—l regret to inform you that my ship, the Anglo-Saxon, was captured by the Confederate steamer Florida, and burnt by her, the Old Head of Kinsale bearing N.N.W. I think about 30 miles. My Channel pilot was on board. She was captured on Friday the 21st August, at five a.m., the Anglo-Saxon being becalmed at the time. All my nautical instruments, books, charts, &c. were taken. The Anglo-Saxon sailed from the Birkenhead Docks on the 17th instant, for New York with a cargo of coals. She was a ship of 868 tons burthen, had a crew of 24 men, and was despatched by Duncan and Kendal, At the time of her capture she had been eight days out at sea." The Liverpool Mercury gives the following letter as having come from aperson on board the Florida— " Brest, Aug. 24, 1863, on board the C.S.S. Florida. "Gentlemen,—We arrived here yesterday from a cruise. Having touched at Queenstown on the 17th, and landed Mr. Everett, first lieutenant, Mr. Garretson, surgeon, and Mr. Hunter, midshipman, we then cruised about, and off Tuskar Rock Light we went out Channel and outside. In chasing four or five vessels on the 22d we succeeded in capturing the American Federal ship Anglo-Saxon, Capt. Cavally, from Liverpool for New York. We stripped her of what was necessary, set fire to her, stood off 1,000 to 1,200 yards, and fired three broadsides into hor, as much for practice as for the sinking of her speedily. There were two or three vessels in sight at the time. We brought her crew to this port." The Dreadful Wreck of the British Ship Frankfort, , On Saturday the following particulars were re ceived in the City relative to the wreck of the Bri tish barque Frankfort, and the loss of all on board except one, who has furnished a most thrilling narrative of his marvellous escape. The ship left Cardiff on the 29th day of October, with coals for Shanghae, and was totally lost on the 19th of February, near Kalatoa (S.E. from Salayer). The survivor, named Silver, the boatswain, in his declaration before the magistrates at Macassar, states that on the evening of the 19th of February the ship was proceeding with a stiff breeze, when she struck on the coral reef Lacebuena, and in a few minutes sunk. The crew consisted of twenty-three; and, besides the cargo of coal, she was thought to have had about £50,000 in gold and specie on board. He cannot stat e pos i • lively what became of the crew, but he thinks they must all have been drowned. He heard a cry, "The ship is sinking," and h e saw that they were letting down the boats, but at that moment he became insensible. When he recovered himself he found that he was floating, and saw nothing more of his companions. He succeeded in getting a piece of wreck, and with two pieces of wood and his hand kerchief he made sail, with.which he tried to reach the land, then in sight. After floating about for four days and five nights without food or water, on the morning of the fifth day he found himself close to an island. He shouted for help, and some natives came off in a sampan. In the meantime he was put in bodily terror by the appearance of a shark. It came close up to him, but he struck it in the back with his knife, when it dived, and he was got on shore in a fainting state. He remained for a month ill with fever, and learned that he was on the Island of Kalatoa, and had been saved by Nissang fishers. He was then sent on to the Island of Salayer and forwarded to Macassar. The Frankfort be longed to Liverpool. AN INTERESTING QUESTION. It may possibly become a question at no distant psriod what may be the title borne by the Prince of Wales's eldest son, and curiously enough there are not many precedents to serve as a guide. A correspondent writes :—" The eldest sons of peers bear by courtesy the second title of their fathers, but there is no precedent for the eldest son of the Prince of Wales being designated either Duke of Cornwall or Earl of Chester, probably from the peculiar feudal nature of those peerages. Pre , vious to the accession of the House of Hanover, only one Prince of Wales, the Black Prince Edward, had a son born during his own father's lifetime. On the death of that prince the Commons requested that his only surviving son, who was then in his tenth year, might be received with the honour due to the presumptive heir to the Crown. This request was granted, and the Commons preferred another peti tion that he might be declared Prince of Wales, but the Lords object that " the grant of such honours belonged not to the prelates ur barons, either in or out of Parliament, but exclusively to the Sovereign;" and the Royal youth remained plain Lord Richard of Bordeaux until he ascended the throne as King Richard 11. On the accession of Icing George 1., his eldest son, afterwards George 11., was created Prince of Wales, and three years afterwards his eldest son Prince Frederick Lewis, was created Duke of Gloucester, and, in 1726, among other inferior titles, Duke of Edinburgh. On the accession of George IL, Prince Frederick was created Prince of Wales, and his eldest son, afterwards King George 111,, bore the title of the Doke of Edinburgh till created Prince of "Wales and Earl of Chester on his father's death in 1750. This would seem a prece dent for the eldest son of the present Prince of Wales being designated Earl of Dublin, which the Prince himself was created by patent in 1849. In the peerage of Scotland the eldest son of the King► is al ways Duke of Rothsay and Earl of Carrick, but there is no precedent for the eldest son of the Prince of Wales being known by either of those titles."— Guardian. • c 0 , 31310 +, 0-4.Avio %CM tn . / t 4, HEIL MAJESTY. The Queen in Germany. ROSENAU, COBURG, August 27. The Crown Prince and Princess of Prussia took leaVe of her Majesty on Tuesday evening, and left Coburg for Potsdam. Prince Alfred accompanied the prince and prin cess. Yesterday was the anniversary of the beloved Prince Consort's birthday. Her Mejesty planted a tree in remembrance in front of the Schloss in which the revered prince was born. The Duchess of Coburg came early to see the Queen. Prince and Princess Louis of Hesse arrived yes terday on a visit to the Duchess of Coburg, and immediately visited her Majesty at the Rosenau, and remained there till the evening. On Wednesday, the anniversary of the birthday of the Prince Consort, the prizes, founded by his Royal Highness for the assistance of artisans and for the dowry of respectable young women, were distributed at Coburg in the usual manner. Her . Majesty the Queen will leave Rosenau on her return to England on Monday, the 7th of September. It is expected her Majesty, on her homeward journey, will spend one day with the King of the Belgians, and arrive at Windsor Castle on Thursday, the 10th, where the Prin cess Louisa and Prince Arthur will meet her Majesty. The Queen will stop one night only at the Castle, and then leave for Scotland.—Court Journal, The Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Prussia and Prince Alfred took leave of her Majesty at Rosenau on Tuesday last, and shortly afterwards left Coburg by spe cial traia for Eisenach, on their way to Potsdam. Their Royal Highnesses, accompanied by the Prince of Leiningen, arrived at the latter place on Wednesday morning. Princo and Princess Louis of Hesse are expected to arrive at Pots dam on a visit in about a week. The weather has been generally wet and un- favourable since her Majesty's arrival atßosenau, which has prevented the Queen and Royal family from taking daily open-air exercise. The Emperor of Austria has presented 1,000 florins towards the fund for the restoration of Goethe's House, in Frankfort, so called from having been the resi dence of the great poet. The Emperor of Austria has paid a visit to Rumpenheim, the chateau near Frankfort, where the Duke of Cambridge, the Duchess of Cambridge, and the Princess Mary are at present sojourning, as well as the family of the Princes of Hesse. The Emperor of Austria is going to have an armed frigate built, to celebrate the .Frankfort meeting of the crowned heals. ' The King of Portugal has ordered a census of the population—a process never before realised in that kingdom. Frances Anne, Marchioness of Londonderry, was prevented receiving company at Wynyard last week, we are grieved to observe, owing to a severe indisposition, an in-- disposition which has now, however, happily abated. The Duke of Newcastle arrived in town on Saturday from Clumber-park, Notts. The Earl Grosvenor, who came to town last week from Calverley Park, Cheshire, left town on Saturday, to pass a few weeks at Homburg. Lady Constance Grosvenor is for the present staying with the Duchess (Dowager) of Sutherland, at Stafford House, St, James's. Viscount Palmerston arrived in town on Saturday evening from Walater Castle, Kent, Lord and Lady Harriet Ashley arrived in town on Saturday from Walmer Castle, where they have been visiting Viscount and - Viscountess Palmerston. The Right Hon. William F. Cowper, M,P., and Mrs. Cowper came to town on Saturday from visiting Vis count and Viscountess Palmerston at AValmer Castle. The Duke of Hamilton is, we understand, about to enter Christ Church, Oxford, to complete his education. The Duchess of Argyll has arrived at Stafford House, St. James's, on a visit to the Duchess (Dowager) of Sutherland, from Inverary Castle, Argylcshire, where the duke and family are staying. The Earl Cowper and his brother, the Hon. Henry Cowper, have had excellent sport at his lordship's shooting quarters in Inverness-shire. Several fine stags fell during their first days' shooting. The Right Hon. Sir George Grey has arrived at his seat, Fallodon, Northumberland, from Scotland. "Faust" is shortly to be given in Dablin, with Mr, Sims Reeves in the part of the hero. THE SHAKSPERE COMMITTEE—NEWADDITIONS --During the current week ,Mr. Justice Haliburton, M.P., Sir J. Paxton, M.P., Mr. Wm. Scholefield, M,P., Mr. J. G. Greenwood (Principal of Owens College, Manchester), and Prof. Sterndale Bennett have joined the National Shakspere Committee. The Coloneicy of the Coldstream Gaarda is not yet, filled, nor, owing to her M a j es t y ' s a b sence from Eng land, is any appointment likely to be made for another week or two. Rumour naturally associates the names of Sir John Guise and Sir Wm. Gomm, as being the two oldest Guards' Generals, with the appointment. Both have good claims. Sir John is the senior General of the Army, but it is possi ble that the more recent active services of Sir Wm. Gomm may decide the point in his favour.—Army and Navy Gazette. GIVE A COLONY A BAD NAME—AND RECHRISTEN IT I—The Australian papers mention a strong desire cn the part of the inhabitants of New South Wales to alter that name to Nova Cambria, Britannia Nova, Alfredia, Alex andria, or, in fact, to any name which will get rid of the recollection of Botany Bay, the name given to the locality by Capt. Cook, but which has become also associated with no very pleasant recollections. CURIOSITIES OF FASHION.—It is a question, I .hink, whether the fashion influences the age, or the age moulds and shapes the fashion, but it is obvious that there exists a subtle relationship between them. A high bred courtesy, a certain elevation of manner, a loftiness of language, and even a refinement of thought, seem natu rally to associate themselves with the rich and stately cos tume of the men of the sixteenth century. Look at the Cavaliers in the glorious pictures of Vandyck ; who can believe that from the lips of such be-ruffled and be-plumed gentlemen ever dropped any coarse ribaldry or vulgar slang? Those grave and potent seignors who glow on the splendid canvas of Titan—can you believe them capable of the deeds in which delighted the buckskin.. breeches and cocked hats of our Maccaroms and Mo hawks in the days of the second George ? When I look upon the sweet and noble women of Vandyck, and cora pare them with the bare-bosomed beauties of Lely, I trace in the distinction of costume and fashion the difference of morals and taste, and the wide gulf between the pure house.. hold life of the reign of Charles I. and the social abandon-. meat of that of Charles 11. Morals and manners keep pace With the changes of costume, and are indicated by them. It is quite in accordance with the philosophy of fashion that the society which countenances "pretty horse-breakers," and disguises things vicious with pleasant periphrases of language, should distinguish itself by patronizing huge crinolined monstrosities contrived to expose, and yet en cumber, the female figure. It may be that there was as much vice in the times of old, but it was a more decorous vice; and the Doll T ears h ee t o f F a l s t a ff an d hi sco mpardons did not" set the fashion" to the wives of Percy a nd Morti. mer.--Prom "London Society" for September. IRISH FISHERIES.—Tne Commissioners of Fish• cries report t o th e L or d Li eu t ena nt that the sal mon fishing of 1862 was more pro d uct ive than for the last t wo or three years—and imp rove ment which they trust is con se quesit on the increa se d v i g il an ce of the boards of conservat ors and their officers, withthe aid of thee ter, constabulary in preserving w the spawning fish during th result of an increase in th e means of capture. B ut t h ose means have considerably increa sed, and practic es h ave b een aid and not merely the adopted which it is believed are wh o ll y contrary to the spirt. of the Act of 1842 , with referenc e t o the use of fixed engines. Many of the rivers continue t o b e crowded with s t a ke weirs, whichin some cases may be injurious to nevi. gation, requiring the attention of the Lords of the Admiralty as conservators of the t i d a l navigations of the kingdom. The commissioners have very materially shortened the sea son for fishing the Limerick district, the waters of w hi c h r un through 15 cou n ti es, and the result ' has been the pre servation of an unusually abundant stock of breeding fish in the spawning beds during the past winter. The boards of conservators in Ireland received £5,417 for licence duties in Mee The commissioners have granted licences to 9 6 per sons to plant artificial oyster beds to the extent of above 5,000 acres in all, but it does not appear that any oyster spot or bro o d h as been resorted to for stocking the beds. . regret to s a y, i n regard to sea fisheries, that with the exception of the east coast, where the take of herrings has been unusually pro d uctive, there does not appear to be any signs of improvement in Ireland ; in many places the fish lag Population appear to be dying out, and boats are to be seen lying idle on the beach. It is difficult to account for this falling ofi, as where capital and individual enterprise has been judiciously invested in the deep sea fisheries it has been found that abundance of fish may be obtained round the chores of Ireland. It is a coast, however, sub ject to severe storms and rough seas, and a better class of boats than is usually employed is required to follow this avocation profitably. It is satisfactory to learn that the jealousy which existed between the different classes of fishermen with respect to the differeet modes of fishing is subsiding. The prejudices against trawling are apparently diminishing, arid there is an impression that the mode of fishing is not so injurious as it was first thought to be. bee: hay shii hay Ina ( vale at a Intc to 1 havi at 4 flan] 3 pez 3iper New New 5 pei Ann I)1 Di 13ani cons Eact Di Di Aast Brat Di! Di Dig Bile/ Di Di Chili, Di Dani Dii Equa E gYr Di Gree . Dit Di Itaii2 Mexi Di New Di Dii Di Peru Porte Dii Span Di Turk Du Dig Di Dii Vela( Belg xitity Free ltalii Conn; Di " R( start dress scrib in a Dub] ._....1i actor nave tachi Isl an the n 13 111 on 6 red t, won' artill grow but t hinte made cas3" (lisca th ose latter Cone, affai r in- BE Nt es