The Sun. — London, England, 1863-10-02 00:00:00

NEW Z E ALAN D.—PROV INCE OF ' untaken, even unapp roac h e d , gold, on the first news AUCKLA ND GOVERNMENT LOAN. £500,000. of General ROSENCRANZ'S defeat, in exchange went TIIE BANK' OF NEW ZEALAND, Bankers to the C:eneral Government of New Zealand, and to up to 165. Even by the Closing quotation upon the the Provincial ( iovernment of Auckland, give notice, tb at TENDERS ywi b the 311 d in e receivedfor the BALANCE , unallotted until Twelve o'clock o n evening of the 22d, rece di ng only to 1511 !And then A oBfAtthLeRPIRST INSTAL HEN r of the above LOAN, viz., merely rallying so far, not because of any good news, 50, at and above the m inimum alread y declared. 0 £2B so to speak, but for n o b e tt er t idi ngs t h an t h at the po- Tii - e portion now advertised will be ar interest from the Ist October, 1863. sition of ROSEN CRANZ was t h en supposed to be Tenders to be made in conformity with the terms of adver tisement under date 21st ultimo. slightly less disastrous or less critical than it had at F. LARKWORTHY, Managing Director. , first been reported. Two fragments of the intern rank of New 'Zealand, 50, Old liroad-street, London, genre brought to us by the Scotia, read rather omi -Ist October, 1663., nously, it must be confessed, so far as they tend to indicate the imminent impossibility of a war between France and the Federals—one being an intimation through the New York World, the other through the Nero York Herald. The latter stating—" It is reported that Vice President STEPHENS has gone to Europe with an offer to cede Texas to France in return for French assistance to the Confederate Government. The former asserting that information has reached New Orleans that the French had occupied Matamoras with 5,000 troops. A collision is expected to take place at the mouth of the Rio Grande between the French and Federal gunboats on matters connected with cotton and supplies for the Confederates." Straws—these are not—thrown up to indicate in which direction blows the fiery wind of war. Rather, let us say, flickering flambeaux, telling us by the drift of their fierce flame the one direction of its hot breath. DR. WYNTER'S NEW WORK, QUBTLE BRAINS and LISSOM FINGERS : Being - Some of the Chisel Marks of Our Industrial and Scientific Progress, may be had at all the Libraries or at any Booksellers, price O.?. By the same Author, CURIOSITIES OF CIVILIZATION. Sixth Editr .011. e s . OUR SOCIAL BEES. Sixth Edition. 6s. London : Robert Hardwicke, 192, Piccadilly. Now ready, 620 pp., post Bvo., Third and Cheap Edition, price 10s. 6d., OBSCURE DISEASES of the BRAIN and MIND. By FORBES WINSLOW, D.C.L. Londat : Robert Hardwicke, 192, Piccadilly. ITERRIVIANN, PRESTIDIGITATEUR. -- PRINCE-i-z'S THEATRE.—HERB HERRMANN'S Performances, EVERY EVENIN(4, at Eight. I n Two Parts—as given by him in all the principal 'theatres and Opera Houses of the Continent of Europe and America. The whole of the Marvellous Illusions entirely new, and invented by Herr Herrmann. Prices of admission as usual. Doors opea at half-past 7. _____---------. THEATRE ROYAL DRUR Y - LANE. - Managers, Messrs. E. Falconer and F. B. Chatterton. _ THIS EVENING, THE DEAL B OATMAN : Messrs. G. Bellmore. F. Charles; Miss 8.. Leclercq, and Mrs. Edmund Falconer. To conclude with the nd original Comedy, by Ed mund FaPoner entitled NATURESNA ABOVE ART : A Ro mance of the Nursery Messrs.alter Lacy, Addison, Ryder, Barrett, G. Belmore, :F. charis. Neville ; Miss Charlotte mj s , Murray. Bliss Leclercq, Mrs. Melville, and Mrs. Edmund F a lconer. Ten. till Five daily. Prices as usual Box-office open from Commence at 7. Among the numerous maps and charts published annually for our instruction and guidance, there is perhaps none which has so strong a claim upon our notice as the smell and unpretending map yearly set before us by the National Lifeboat In stitution. If it be well that we should be able to track the steps of discoverers in distant and unknown lands, to realise the vicissitudes of war by following the course of a campaign, it is un doubtedly also desirable that we should know the perils lurking round our own familiar shores, that we should not be ignorant of the spots close to us, where courage and skill are as nobly shown as even on a field of battle, where brave men laid down their lives in the struggle with the elements. Such information the Wreck Chart freely gives us. It startles us from our fancied security and boasts of progress to learn that, so far from diminishing, the statistics of our naval disasters show a decided in crease, not only in number but in ratio; that is to say, not only the actual amount of shipwrecks has been greater, which might be owing merely to increased traffic, but that a larger number were wrecked in proportion to the voyages made. One wreck out of every 201 ships was the average, whereas the chronicles of the year just past show one wreck for every 147 vessels sailing. During the twelve months of 1862 no less than 1,827 wrecks and casualties occurred on the shores of the United Kingdom alone, accompanied unfortunately by the loss of 690 lives. There is some consolation attending the last item, seeing that the average of deaths from these casualties has been 800, and that consequently the exertions of our lifeboat institu tions, and other means, have been rewarded with increased success. The Wreck Chart plainly tells us that the experience of the past year is very unfavourable. It therefore becomes us as a maritime nation to inquire closely into the matter, and to ascertain by what means such catastrophes may be diminished in number, if they cannot be prevented. The number of vessels which entered inwards sod cleared outwards from different British ports last year was 268,462, and it is estimated that these ships had on board more than a million and half of men. It is, therefore, only reasonable to believe that a large number of casualties and dis asters must eventually occur under the most favourable circumstances. It remains to be seen whether the number that does actually take place exceeds the inevitable average. In the first place, it is worthy of note that a large proportion of the vessels lost were the ordinary coasting colliers, which are mostly ill-found, ill-manned vessels, whose owners take very insufficient precautions to ensure their safety. The ages of some of these ships would certainly not improve their credit at an insurance office. A collier sloop, which foun dered last December off the east coast with the loss of all hands, was 71 years of age ! Another, which went down under very similar circumstances, was still more venerable, being 99 years old. The want of good ground tackle and sailing gear, the reckless and indifferent manner in which these vessels are sent to sea, is quite enough to account for the fact that" the destruction of hundreds of them, even in moderate gales, is now reduced to a matter of cer tainty." Nearly 800 out of the 1,800 vessels that were lost were under 300 tons, a fact that is not when we remember how numerous are surprising, th the vessels ls of this class round the coast. We may hope for some improvement in the fitting out of these vessels, as many of the large shipowners are interesting themselves in carrying out the project brought forward by Mr. LAIRD, of submitting an chors and cables to a regular test before a ship can be insured. Were this plan once fairly carried out we should hear of fewer wrecks on our coast, and a better and higLer spirit would be infused into the trade. That the whole of the wrecks must not be laid to adverse elements is proved by the fact that 23 vessels were wrecked :In perfectly calm weather ; 28 in light airs; 56 in light breezes; 48 in gentle breezes; 110 in moderate breezes; 187 in fresh breezes; 195 in strong breezes; all which grada tions are reckoned below the degree of " moderate gales." Only 321 of the wrecks were under the command of masters holding certificates of compe tency; while, as a proof of the necessity of some change in the equipment of vessels, 25 of the total wrecks were lost from defects in the ships or equipments, while 66 parted their cables or dragged their anchors. The need of additional harbours of refuge on some of the more exposed parts of our coast is forcibly demonstrated by the Wreck Chart —a fact fully appreciated by Lord RAVENSWORTII, when, before bringing on a motion on the subject in the Upper House, he caused a large copy of it to be suspended in their lordships' library. The number of vessels lost and damaged by collisions, which frequently occur in daylight and clear wea ther, is so great that we must certainly class a large proportion of them among the preventible disasters. We must hope for some change for the better in this respect from the new regulations just issued by the Board of Trade. Tho valuable services ren dered by the lifeboats and the brave sailors who man them,have long been recogni se d b y t h e public, and additional proof is afforded every year of the efficacy of its exertions. Within six years life boats and life-saving apparatus have been the means of saving 4,169 lives. During the past year th ey rescued besides saving 21 vessels. Th e number 3 0 5 iv f 8 r l ew e a s, rds given by the society for sav ing life sine© its formation is 13,220, and it has exPent— ipa upwards of £75,000 ii a nres, It must he lifeboats and their api , re membered, too, that the men whom it employs are often tr ue h ero es, we ll deserving of the h ighest rewards th a t can b e o ff e red the m. As is justly remarked i n t h e current num ber o f the "Lifeboat Journal"—.. The relief o f a wreck is no mere child's play : it often occupies hours of hard, dangerous, and unremittin g t o il. It is no mere su d den flash of generosity that is required —no enthusiasm burn t out as soon as kindled—but that steady, undaunted THEATRE ROYAL HAYMARKET.- Open for the Season. THIS EVENING. and during the Week, to commence at 7, with AN UN LUCKY MORIAL : Mr. William Farren, Miss M. Barris, &C. wh i c h, at a quarter to 8, the new Comedy of F After Es s ; spy , and counter Spy: characters by Mr. or, d Wify,an, Mr. Chippendale, Mr. Howe, Mr. Buckatone • Alfre 31rs. Powton, Miss L. Angel, and Mrs. Alfred Wigan. ' Concluding with TURNING THE TABLES. on Monday, Oct. 26, Mr. and Mrs. CHAS. 3IATHEWS will return to the London stage. NEW THE ATRE-RO YAL, ADELFHI. sole Proprietor and Manager. Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, at 7, THE TRAGEDY QUEEN: Mrs. t i cling. At 8, the New Drama of LEAH Miss Bateman, supported by Mr. Arthur Stirling (his 2d appearance here), Messrs. R. l'hillips, Billington, Stuart, A. Wood, Eberne, Miss H. Simms and Mrs. Billington. To conclude with CATCHING AN HEIRESS : Miss Woolgar and Mr. A. Wood. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE, Manager, Mr. W. IT. Swanborough. THIS EVENING, WHERE'S YOUR WIFE. Mr. Bel , ford, Miss Simpson. - Followed by (65th time) THE MOTTO, "I'M ALL THERE." Messrs. Honey, Turner, E. Danvers, Collier, Clifton; Mesdames Ada Swanborough, F. Josephs, Maria Simpson, Wallace, and Jenny White. To conclude with TURN HIM OUT. Mr. Turner, Mlse Thorne. Commence at 7. TIP HE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN,' 33 Containing the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE can be had Every Evening of G. R. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, 411. 59 m. —Afternoon, 511. 20m. To-monnow.-Morning, 511. 40 m. —Afternoon, 611. sm. The Weather —Sun Office, Oct. 2, 1863. THERMOMETER. 64 This day at Two o'clock Barometer-29.83. Wind—South-Westerly ; light, and cloudy. • •,,,::;10,) - r -TU pal %, 44fitir so ok. A LONDON, FRIDAY, OCT. 2, 1863. Hastened onward pro'oably by a knowledge of the importance of the tidings of which she was the bearer, the Canard steamer Scotia, due at Queenstown on this (Friday) afternoon, arrived at her destination at cock crow this morning, after a passage of eight days and a half across the Atlantic. The intelligence brought by the Scotia is certainly, when we come to look into it, as remarkable, almost we had said as startling, as any that has for a long while past come to us from the American seat of war. There were rumours, it will be remembered, brought to us at the close of the last mail, to the effect that General ROSENCRANZ had suffered some severe discomfiture. But they were only rumours. No reliable particulars were there accompanying that statement encauraging any one to believe it. These vague reports, however, as to some serious disaster having befallen the Federal force under General ROSENCRANZ, are now, as it turns out,to the full con firmed and justified.:The defeat of General ROSEN CRANZ by the Confederate army under General BRAGG is an event now (pito unmistakeable. The discomfitted Federals, having been engaged vigorously by General BRAGG OR two suc cessive days, the 19th and 20th ultimo, near Chickamauga Creek, were compelled, on the following morning, that of the 21st, to beat a retreat to Chattanooga. The results of the con flict, Which appears, as usual, to have been very sever°, are these—that General BRAGG has captured from his antagonist twenty guns and taken five hundred prisoners, the Federals themselves owning to a total loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners of twelve thousand men! The numerical force col lected together by General BRAGG before the com mencement of this attack upon the position of the Federals under General ROSENCRANZ cannot as yet be estimated with anything like accuracy. It was variously reported at New York on the morning of the 23d ult., before the departure of the Scotia on her eastward voyage, to have been an ar my of ft om 70,000 to 96,000 men. It is tolerAly certain, however, already, that before BRAGG'S he m oveme nt, had been considerably reinforced by troops despatched to him from all directions, by LEE, by YON— NTSTONE, and by BEAUREGARD. The meaning of the re cent withdrawal of the corederate Commander -in-Chief upon the Rapi dan, becomes in this way already compre hensible. Every one who has watched the strategy of that m aster of war since the co mmenc e ment, knew War's great that there was, in it," when it "n common parlance, ~sornething be camel— apparent that, his antagoni s t M EADa, i ns tead of ad vancing against he had resolvb d upon with drawing to a new position siightl-Y to th© rear of his late headquarters the line of the nam e ly, to Rapidan. One reason d• , • to lea din k;im cation of his 20th, and plans, the battle of the 19th this medifi at Chickamanga a lready Creek, has rendered apparent. That contest, as we have already noted, having been preceded by th© transmission of rein forcements from LEE'S main army to BRAGG! Other reinforcements coming up simultaneously and very opportunely from JOHNSTONE and BEAUREGARD— enabIing General BRAGG to seize 20 guns and 600 prisoners as trophies of his victory over ROSEN CRANz—IiOSENCRANZ confirming the truth of that victory by his retreat upon Chattanooga. " If," said MANHATTAN in his very last letter, published only yesterday, "if LEE should chance to take Washington, we shall see gold at 200 !" The Con federate Com mander-in-Chief has not (yet) taken Washingt on , is still (for the time being) at his last chosen quarters on the Rapidan. It is General BRAGG (only) who has gained a victory over ROSENCRANZ, not withinsight of Washington, but at Chickamanga Creek, thence driving the defeated Fe derals back to Claattanooga—andyet With the Capital `l --Ii SUN, LONDON / FRIDAY EVENING, OCrOBER 2, 1863. pluck' which distinguishes frequently the highest as well as the lowest class of Englishmen in times of danger." Sir DAVID BREWSTER has recently given us a highly interesting account of the origin of this institution, which, it seems, owes its exist ence to the benevolent exertions of Sir WILLIAM HILLARY. This gentleman, having frequently wit nessed the horrors of shipwreck from his residence in the Isle of Man, and having himself been instru mental in saving life, determined to do something to mitigate the evil. Finding the Admiralty and other official powers, as usual, inert and indifferent, he convened a public meeting, and stirred up the sympathies of the public, so that, at the London Tavern on the 4th of March, 1824, the Royal National Institution for the Preservation of Life from Shipwreck was founded under his auspices. The great and good work then begun has never since been abandoned. It has gained in extent and importance until foreign princes and potentates are eager to contribute to its stores, and prompt to acknowledge the obligations which, through their countrymen, they owe to it. We cannot doubt that it will now, as heretofore, command the ready assistance of the public in its appeals for support, since, however great may be the precautions taken, and however favourable the circumstances, a large number of wrecks and disasters at sea is inevita ble on the sea-board of a maritime nation. IV hile men are to be found to do the work of danger, surely we need not hesitate to give our pounds whin they give their lives. The Lifeboat Insti tution is an association of the greatest practical value, and not the least of its services is the col lecting of clear and authentic information, which is the first step to taking wise and profitable action. Speeches from members of Parliament seem to be in fashion just now. It is true that this often occurs at this time, but this year they are more than e v er prevalent. Perhaps the reason is that the members of the legislature are determined to make up for lost time, and as the French would say, dedommage themselves for their shortcoming and scanty debates of the past session. The Duke of ManuoßouGli and Mr. HENLEY have been busy at Woodstock. The Duke, in a short speech, remarked on the great improvement that had taken place in regard to the work of this and other societies. He said it showed how much better they were now appreciated by agriculturists, and this gratifying fact was shown by the increased attendance at these meetin gs , and the improvement of the shows which took place. His Grace truly remarked that the "interests of agriculture in this country are paramount, they are second to none that can be named. Manufacturieg and commercial interests were manifold in their claims to a prominent place in its annals and its history, but notwithstanding this, it would b e found that agriculture would maintain its ancient premi nence." There was more than the flattery suited to a festive occasion in these statements, and the no ble speaker also added an equa ll y correct remark When he said that there w as room f or ample improvement in the "agriculture o f thi s country." .14 -ae held ou t an incentive to his h earers to urge them onto re newed exertions by m en ti on i ng that they must keep pace with the si s t er i n t erest, for he called it that, and not an antagonisti c one , o f manufacture. They there saw what wonderful effects the combined in fluence of capital, energy, and intellectual power worked, and he would ask whether the bountiful soil GOD had given them was not as capable of ren dering a return for the lik e advantages as menu factures and commerce. So far this discourse was encouraging, and also invigorating. Mr. HENLEY corroborated the remarks of the puke ' and also adduced a valuable testimony to the truth of the favourabl e op i n i on expressed regar d ing England. H e sa id t h at we might be vain an d con ceited in ou r no ti ons, or, at all events, too partial in our opinio ns , O ut a d i stinguished foreigner lik e the Duke D'AUM ALE , who resided in this country , was likely to take a just view of what he savv before him. This Prince had expressed a favo urable opinion of th em as f armers and Englishmen. H e said that it was we ll f or us that we were indepen dent in our ma nagement of these societies, and Government had not hi ng to do with our farm i ng. Mr. HENLEY con t ra di cted the assertion that had been made by s ome people that after free trade was introduced th e fi rst spr i ng of agricult u re took place. He said that th e fi rst spring took place 40 or 50 years ago. So f ar b ac k as the beginning of this century there was an agricultural society, w hi c h was supported by P ar li amentary grants* Some years after the G overnment got economical,and the society was snuffed out. The Royal A g ricultural Society th en sprung up. —a to progressing he did h not think th a t agr i cu l ture had ever stood still. In thorough draini ng , h e considered.that a great im provement had tak en pl ace. Aaeo, an other advan tage w as , t h at they brought stock to market quicker. The n , i n machiner y , gone on grad ua ll y f rom the improve ments had " rou g h horse. thrashing machine to th ose steam impleme n ts w hich we see working at every one of these shows. " Mr. HENLEY concluded hi s interesting s peech by ob• serving that th ey could not move in Pleme n ts too much hurry,;they mu s t o f ten have to test the value of this or that expe r i ment before they it in practice_ They must w a t c h the effect put of three or four sea so ns , they could not a l ways jump at co nclusions as if their experim en t s were Made within four walls, condition and under a fi xed of things." He thought th a t b y the exercise of illl4 dis crimination by watching th e e ffect of inven tions, and adopting those that promised to be of eventual benefit, they mi g h t keep the agri culture of their country, as it now was, at the head of the agriculture of the world. Mr. HENLEY 'S oration was remarkable for solid sense and sterling argument. He adopted the happy middle course , ' which so few can attain to with any degree of success, and seemed alike re moved from incautious haste, and over-reticence of procedure. We need so me such characters now-a days in the whirl of e dd ying events to restrain the too eager and impetuou s from dashing on at rail road speed, and bringing themselves and others to destruction. There i s sometimes as much or more danger in being too fast as in being too slow, and they are fortunate who find in their advisers that desirable and necessary difference of opinion which imparts a strength from its very variety, and incul cates the best precepts that opposing candidates have to offer. That is ono of the great advantages of these agricultural societies that those who attend them have so many opportunities of hearing divers opinions expressed on all topics that can imme diately claim their attention or locally affect their interests. They may differ from some altogether and only partially agree with another, but still some passages of a speech that they dissent from may contain instruction for them, or it may serve to them a new light on an old subject. Tot homines tot MI. (entice is a quaint adage of antiquity, and its veracity is often seen in the meetings of this day, but still from the diversity of opinions great advantages are derived. They are generally neutral grounds of discussion, and from them are banished acerbity of feeling and irritation of sentiment. The members and the visitors for the most part agree to differ, and when once this understanding exists the results are always beneficial to all parties who are inte rested ict the affair. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. [REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.] AMERICA. the Confederates has been produced during the year, and that luxuries only are deficient. He adds that the citizens of Charleston are fully determined to destroy their city rather than surrender it, and that everything is in readiness for the application of the torch, in case it should be found necessary to abandon it. Letters from New Orleans of the 11th state that a great fight had taken place between the 2d divi sion of the expedition under General Herron, and a large Confederate force near Morganza, south of the mouth of the Red River, in which it was be- lieved that General Herron had been defeated. The third column, under General Washburne, met with no better success, and had been unable to advance into the interior, from the want of gunboats to pro tect his crossing of Berwick's Bay. Deserters from the Army of the Potomac daily suffer the penalty of death for their violation of the Articles of War. Seven of these unfortunates were shot on Friday last. Considerable alarm is felt for the safety of General Burnside, who, it is thought, will be intercepted in his perilous march from Knoxville. Or 1,127 men draughted in.the City of Hartford only four have gone to the army, and of them two are negroes. It begins to be admitted in Ministerial circles in Washington that the Conscription Act is a failure, and that more men and of a superior class were obtained at less expense under the Volunteer system. A recent case under the Conscription Act excites much interest. Mr. S. L. Crocker, of Boston, eon of an ex-member of Congress and brother-in-law of Gen. Couch, having been draughted, presented a substitute whom the Provost Marshal refused to accept. Mr. Crocker appealed to the authorities at Washington, but the decision of the Provost Marshal was sustained, and Mr. Crocker received a second notice to report for duty. Mr. Crocker, failing to comply, was arrested, declared to be an able-bodied man by the Examining Board, and ordered into the service, the decision of the War Department having deprived him of the privilege of paying the com mutation fee or furnishing another substitute. The World of to-day says—" That the decisive campaign of the army assembled in the West should have been brought to this complexion is no light or trivial matter. The causes which have led to such a result demand, and we trust will receive, the most searching investigation. The attempt which has been made at Washington to throw the crushing responsibility of this heavy blow and great discou ragement upon General Burnside, were it even successful, would not liberate the masters and managers of General Burnside from their just public accountability. It was they, or the chief of them, who planned the grand scheme of which Rosecranz was the inadequate performer, and Burnside the constitutional' Marplot.' " The latest intelligence from Charleston is to the 19th inst., at which time the siege had been tem porarily suspended. The Charleston Courier of the 16th states that the Confederate steamer Sumter had been sunk be tween Forts M3ultrie and Sumter ti few days pre viously, but does not mention from what cause. The expedition to the Teche country, of which the first division, under General Franklin, met with such a disastrous repulse at Sabine City, was under taken without the consent of General Banks, the orders for its despatch being issued from Wash ington. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK, SEPT. 22 (Evening). The first news of Gen. Rosecranz's defeat received on Monday last sent gold up to 401, and exchange to 155. They yesterday, however, receded, under the impression that Rosecranz's position was better than the first accounts represented. The closing quotations today are—Gold, 37k ; exchange, 1511; stocks dull; New York Central, 1362; Illinois, 1231; Erie, 106'4 ; 5 per Cent. United States Bonds, 95 ; 6 per Cent. do., 1061. Cotton very firm—Middling upland, 74c. Flour advanced on Monday 30c., and wheat and corn, 4c. to 7c., but declined yesterday; flour losing 15e., and wheat and corn s lc. to 3c. of the advance. The markets for these articleE, are now dull. Provisions, good inquiry. Coffee and molasses steady. Sugar advancing. Petroleum, crude, steady, at 361 to 371,c.; refined, good en quiry, at 58 to 59c. DEFEAT AND RETREAT OF ROSE. CRANZ. NEW YORK, SEPTEMBER 21 (Morning). (Per the Scotia.) QUEENSTOWN, OCT. 2. The royal mail steamer Scotia, from New York, on the 23d ult., arrived here at 5.30 a.m. She brings 121 passengers and 395,000 d o ll ars i n spec i e. She landed s 100 sacks of mails and seven p assengers, and eng proceeded at 6 a.m. All well. She mad e the passage in 81 days. General Rosecranz has been defeated, and com pelled to retreat to Chattanooga, after two days' fighting, by Gen. Bragg, who had been heavily reinforced by Lee, Beauregard, and Joe Johnstone. Gold, 40. The details of General Rosecranz's defeat are meagre. The following is an account of the first day's battle. On the morning of the 19th the Con federates attacked General Rosecranz near Chicka mauga Creek. A fierce musketry engagement ensued, the wooded nature of the ground preventing the use of artillery. Early in the engagement the Confederates captured fire guns of the celebrated Loomas battery. Fierce fi;ghting continued till 2 o'clock in the afternoon, when the Federal centre was pushed, broken, and retreated in disorder, pur sued by the Confederates, who were, however, afterwards checked and driven back. The Confederates then drove General Davis's division back with heavy loss, capturing every gun of the Bth Indiana Regiment. Davis, however, succeeded in rallying his forces, and retook his guns. General Reynolds' division suffered severely, but maintained its position. Palmer's division lost two g uns. Van Cleve's division lost ground, and did not regain its position. A general light continued until long after dark. At its termination both armies are said to have occupied the same ground as at the commencement. The Federals captured ten guns and lost seven. NEW YORK, SEPT. 22 (Morning). The New York World asserts that information has reached New Orleans that the French had occupied Matamoras with 5,000 troops. A collision is expected to take place at the mouth of the Rio Grande between the French and Federal gunboats on matters connected with cotton and supplies for the Confederates. Cortes, the Governor of Sonora, has arrived at Washington. It is rumoured that his object is to establish a Mexican alliance with the Federal Government. The New York -Herald says :—" It is reported that Vice-President Stephens has gone to Europe with an offer to cede Texas to France in return for French assistance to the Confederate Government. NEW YORK, SEPT. 23 (Morning). (Per the Scotia.) The following are the details of the battle, fought 3n the 20th day of September, be tween Rosecranz and Bragg :—The engagement commenced late on the morning of the 20th. Soo❑ afterwards General Thomas, holding the Federal lef t, called for reinforcements, and at noon was com pelled to retreat. The second line of reinforce ments, with M'Cook's corps, which was on the right and intended as a reserve, was sent to rein. force Thomas, Van Cleve holding the front centre, and Ciittenden's corps were also or dered to the left, their places being filled by Davis and Sheridan, who had hardly formed in line before the Confederate line burst upon the Federal centre. This lasted twenty minutes, when Van Cleve, on Thomas's right, gave way. Sheridan and Davis's corps broke in disorder, borne down by Bishop Polk's corps. Negley's and Van Cleve's divisions rallied and held their places on the right and left of Thomas's corps. Davis and Sheridan late in the day rallied 8,000 men and joined Thomas, who, being cut off from the right, took up an independent position, when he was reinforced by two divisions, and maintained a stubborn fight till after dark, retiring at night to Rossville, where he received orders to join Rose craez, who was concentratin g at Chattanooga. It is reported that the Confederates engaged Thomas again on the 21st, and it was doubtful if he could reach Chattanooga that night. There were indications on the night of the 21st that the Con, federates contemplated a de monstration on another part of Rosecranz's line. Bragg's army is variously estimated at from 70,000 to 96,000 strong. The Federal loss in killed, Wounded, an d p r i so n ers is estimated at 12,000 men. 1,300 Confederate prisoners have been sent to Nashville, Intercepted Southern despatches state that General Bragg engaged General Rosecranz on the 19th and 20th, capturing 20 guns and 500 prisoners. General Burnside is m ov i ng to reinforce Rose cranz. 300 of Burnside' s troops were surrounded on the 9th near Knoxville. News has been received from Charleston to the 20th September. It is reported that the Monitors were unable to pass up to Charleston. The erection Point was proceeding slowly, on account of the of Federal batteries in Fort Gregg and Cumming's annoyance from the Confederate batteries which fired every 20 minutes, The Confederates were reported to be repairing Fort Sumter. General Lee's and M eade ' s armies are confronting each other on the Rapidan. .. __.... Moro frosts have dam age d the Kentucky tobacco crops. Gold, 371. Considerable anxiety, if n ot alarm, is expressed in Washington at the probable recognition of the Southern Confederacy b y France. A letter from Washington states that the Emperor Napoleon consented to form an alliance with the Confede rates and assist th em to establish their ,independ ence as early as December last, provided they would yield Texas to France. The Confederates objected to the condition s , thinking that peace w ith the Federal States could be more cheaply obtained. The mission of Vice -President Stephens, under. taken in July last, was, i t i s asse rted, a l as t a tt empt to secure a compromi se b e f o re accepti ng t h e Emperor's terms. His failure to obtain an audi ence with President Li nco l n d ec ided th e Govern ment at Richmond to d espatc h Mi. Stephens t o Paris, with full powers to negotiate with the Em peror. Though the state me nt is disbelieved, as t o the price of reco gn i t i on, an impress i on preva i ls that the recognition it se lf has been finally determined upon. A fugitive white man, recently arrived here from the Southern States, reports that Richmond is in a most perfect condition of defence; that 100 guns cover the approach to the city by the river alone ; that sufficient wheat, corn, and beef for the use of CANADA. A vote of want of confidence in the Government has been defeated in the Canadian Parliament by a majority of two. JAPAN. NEW YORK, SEPT. 22 (Morning). Advices from Kanagawa to the 10th state that ,he British fleet had sailed for the western shores :o punish the Daimios. FRANCE. PARIS, OCT. 2. Their Majesties will return to St. Cloud on the sth or 6th of October. The Empress will return by sea. THE PONTIFICAL STATES. ROME, OcT. 1. The public Consistory was occupied this morn ng in the beatification of Queen Christina of Naples. The Pope's secret Consistory afterwards appointed four bishops for Spain, one for Portugal, and three in partibus. EGYPT. THE INUNDATION OF THE NILE. ALEXANDRIA, OCT. 1. The inundation of the Nile now covers 4,000 hectares of land and five kilometres of the railway. The Government is taking precautions against further disasters, and the army is employed to watch the dykes. ERRATUM.—The lines quoted in our second leader yesterday, exquisite household words with us all, as they are, it hardly requires to be said, are from the " De serted Village" of Oliver Goldsmith, not from the pen of the Ayrshire Ploughman. MR. ROBERT CHAMBERS is yet far from well. Mrs. Chambers died on Tuesday, Sept. 29. A very large demand for monetary accommoda tion has again been experienced in all quarters this morning. At the Bank of England, where the brokers are now resorting for advances on stock in the ensuing half yearly dividends, the business negotiated is veryllarge, and although their borrow ings have been exceedingly heavy, nearly £3,000,000 will be paid on the Bth by the India Council. The lowest rate charged for first class bills in the open market is 4 per cent., but the transactions concluded at this figure represent but a very small number, the principal portion being negotiated at much higher quotations. The tenders for the New Zealand Loan of the Auckland Provincial Government were opened yesterday afternoon at the New Zealand Bank. The first instalment amounts to £lOO,OOO, and offers were made representing £144,500. The minimum was fixed at 105, which, reckoning £3 for interest already accrued, is reduced to £lO2. 171,750 was tendered for and accepted, at sums ranging from £lO5 to £ll5, the balance unaccepted being £72,780, at prices ranging from par to the minimum. The unellotted portion, £28,250, is to be placed again on Saturday, when tenders will be received till 12 o'clock. • LITERATURE. , Our Garden Friends and Foes. By the Rev. J. G. , Wood: One vol., pp. 438. Routledge and Co. Perhaps no volume ever appeared more oppor , tunely than this guide to Our Friends and Foes in Garden and Greenhmise. It comes forth in the very midst of the discussions now rife in regard to Bird Murder. It is the work of one known not only as an eminent proficient, but also as a distinguished • and recognised authority in regard to the study of Natural History. The rev. author is entitled already , to the very notable distinction among naturalists of having done more in his time towards the pupae larising of the science, towards the familiaris ing, of his fellow-countrymen with a knowledge of the fauna and flora of all climates, but more particularly of the fauna and flora of the United Kingdom, than any other individual that could be mentioned. A yet more profound, .be cause a far more practised and experienced natu ralist, might of course be recognised in the venerable squire of Walton Hall, that good and gifted Charles Waterton, who has long since taken his place among the greatest masters of the twin studies of zoology and ornithology. But while eminent him self as a cultivator of both those sciences, and while adding to his wide and rice, to his perpetually widening and ripening, scholarship, both as a zoolo gist and as am ornithologist, an intimacy quite as remarkable in its way with the other branches or divisions of Natural History, with botany and entomology for example, we may pretty confidently repeat in other and more emphatic words, what we have just now remarked in regard to the Rev. J. G. Wood's labours (of love) in popu larizing the study of Natural History, that in that one respect he is at this moment quite unrivalled. Upon the same familiar shelf where stands our well thumbed copy of the Rev. Gilbert White's Natural History of Selborne, we have long had reason to place side by side with that beloved book, the Rev. J. G. Wood's "Common Objects of the Seashore." Supplementing the great encyclopaedic work of Buffon, comes, we also remark, our author's popular Natural History illustrated. Several other volumes of a less comprehensive na ture he has besides that issued from the press : and now—as the latest, and certainly also as the most happily timed of all his productions in this way—he gives us this very complete and welcome manual. A manual, it will be found to be, by the aid of which anyone may readily and infallibly distinguish between those creatures swarming around us, whether bird or insect, in our gardens, in our greenhouses, in the very bow-pots in our windows, upon our plots of grass, and in our boxes of mignionette ! Knowing at once, in regard to each and all of them, how it is, they ought in justice and in truth to be regarded and dealt with, namely, whether as Friends or as Foes. How essential some reliable guide in this direc tion, in drawing precisely this very distinc tion, has become, the very controversy already referred to in regard to the Little Birds and their Murderers, has within the last few weeks tended signally and conclusively to demon strate. And here, off-hand, in the very nick of time, as it were, here, in these amusing and in structive pages by the Rev. J. G. Wood, we have the very guide-book, wanted, placed in our heads. It is the first book of the kind, we believe, that has ever yet made its appearance. It is the very first work, that is to say, in which the line of division has been carefully and systematically drawn, separating, henceforth, the good from the bad, our friends and our foes, among the insect and bird frequenters, or inhabitants, of our Gardens and Greenhouses, Not only has this been done, as we have said, carefully and systematically in the six and-twenty chapters icto which this goodly volume of 438 pages will be found subdivided, but—scat tered through the letter-press descriptions of the birds and insects, and with these also a variety of little animals as familiar to the English naturalist as the lizard, the mole, the weazle, and the hedge hog—the author sepplies his reader (in reference to each creature as it runs, flies, or creeps upon the page to be mentioned) with effectual and always very simple directions for the encouraging of the Friends, and the extermination of the Foes of our Gardens, our Flowers, and our Fruit. How essen tial these directions and these stores of information upon such homely matters, have become, may only too readily, we 'might add only too painfully, be illustrated. Take the little titmouse, for ex ample, and observe in the first place how it is re garded (and treated), and in the next place how it ought to be regarded (and treated). Vulgarly it is looked upon as a very pest to the orchard. Flitting hither and thither among the branches of a fruit tree, observed there to be snap ping off the tender buds and twigs, nibbling at them when snapped off, and then scattering them wilfully away upon the ground below, as if in very wantonness of destruction, it is at once looked upon ey any ignorant person watching its proceedings as ono of the worst foes of the gardener anywhere to be found in the whole range of ornithology. The truth being all the while that the little tit mouse is just exactly the reverse, is one of the very best of all the feathered friends of that same grumbling gardener ! The titmouse keeping down by its proceedings above described those swarms of insects that unless destroyed by some such effectual means must as Mr. Wood expresses it (in no way with over emphasis) " devastate our crops:and wither up our flowers." The singular delusion prevalent in regard to that wonderful little insect called absurdly the Earwig (that name being simply a corruption of Earwing, from the exquisite wing of the insect resembling when spread open fan-wise the outline of the human ear), the extraordinary delu sion prevalent in regard to the Earwig, prevalent not only in England but far and wide in most of the countries of Continental:Europe, namely, that it can creep into the ear, penetrate to the brain, and drive its wretched victim through unutterable agonies into a delirium of e madness—this preposterous and ridiculous delusion in regard to the earwig seems of itself to indicate how much information of precisely the kind contained in this bode of Mr. Wood's is really required even among our educated population. As demonstrative of the prevalence of this idle fancy in regard to the earwig not only in this country but abroad, it is only necessary to re call to mind the fact that while it is designated (from the verbal corruption above mentioned) an Earwig in England, in France it is called Perce oreille, in Germany Ohren-wurna, and in Sweden Ohren-wetel. Profusely sprinkled through the work, aiding the writer considerably even in the instance of his most vivid descriptions , are upwards of two hundred illustrations by T. W. Wood. by Smith, and by Coleman, many of them, particularly all those presenting to us the effigies of the larval as well as of the perfect forms of the insects men tioned in the work, being of the actual size o f lif e ! Whenever the professional gardener or the amateur florist may henceforth be in any doubt whatever as to a discrimination between his Garden Friends and Foes—with this goodly book at hand, his doubts may be at once and quite conclusively dissipated. The caterpillar, the 'slug, the snail, the woodlouse, the millipede, the D rub, the earthworm : here he may learn how best to be rid of them. Frog and newt, gnat and spider, cabbage-fly and rose-hopper, wasp and glowworm —our author will tell him here, promptly and pleasantly, by a very few words, and often by an entertaining anecdote, how each of them ought to be regarded. Bullfinch and goldfinch, thrush and blackbird, wren and starling, owl and robin, sparrow and chaffinch—he tells all about them, the good and the bad quite dispassionately. To the lady in her conservatory, to the market gardener among his vegetables, to the farmer in his orchard, to the suburban florist among his dahlias and carnations, Mr. Wood's charming volume will drove at all times and seasons as welcome as flowers in May cr apples ill October. - - c 6111 ot • , ay_ , • HER MAJESTY. BALMORAL, Sept. 30. The Queen went out in the morning with Princess Louise. The Princess Louis of Hesse and Princess Helena rode on horseback. Her Majesty, accompanied by the Princess of Wales, Princess Louis of Hesse, Prince Arthur, and Prince Leopold, drove and walked in the afternoon, Royal Visits to Edinburgh. EDINBURGH, Thursday Morning. This morning the Crown Prince and Princess of Prussia, with their family end suite, arrived at the Waverley station here en route to Balmoral, by the night express from London. The public were not generally admitted to the platform. Their Royal Highnesses were received by the Lord Provost and Magistrates, Lord Charles Fitzroy, the Prussian Consul, and several of the railway officials. They proceeded to the Douglas's Hotel, St. Andrew square, where apartments have been engaged for the royal party, A considerable number of people assembled in the streets leading from the station to the hotel. Thursday Evening. The Crown Prince and Princess visited Edin burgh Castle in the forenoon and Holyrood in the afternoon, passing through the principal streets and round the Queen's drive. They leave to-morrow (Friday) for Balmoral at 9 a.m. on a visit to her Majesty. The Prince and Princess of Wales arrived from Balmoral at a quarter to 7, and were welcomed at the station by the Princess Royal and the Crown Prince. The Lord Provost, Magistrates, Sheriff; and General Commanding being also on the plat form. The royal party drove in the same carriage to the Douglas Hotel. To-day the Town Council will present an addreFit; to the Prince and Princess of Wales in Holyrood, and the Edinburgh ladies' gift will be presented to the Princess. The ceremony, in accordance with the express desire of their Royal Highnesses, will be strictly private. Their departure is not fixed. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cam bridge and the Princess Mary, attended by Lady Geraldine Somerset and Colonel Home Purves, are expected to leave Rumpenheim on Monday next for London, on their route to Cambridge Cottage, Kew. The Emperor of Austria is still at Ischl, where he intends remaining for about a week longer. His Majesty lately several times went out chamois hunting on the neigh bouring mountains. VISIT OF PRINCE NAPOLEON TO WINDSOR. His Imperial Highness Prince Napoleon visited Windsor yesterday. The prince inspected the private apartments of the castle, and also St. George's Chapel. His imperial highness afterwards visited the royal gardens and Frog more grounds, and inspected the mausoleum and royal farm. The Prince and Princess Cronbetzkos and family have arrived at Claridge's Hotel, from the Isle of Wight. The Prince and Princess Guilino and suite have left the Brunswick Hotel, Jermyn-street, for Paris, on their way tp Rome. His Grand Ducal and her Imperial Highness the Princess William of Baden have left Claridge's Hotel for Germany. .. The Duke and Duchess of Wellington have arrived at Brighton. The Earl and Countess of Hardwicke and Lady Agneta Yorke leave Sidney Lodge, near Southampton, on Monday neat for town, and a few days afterwards will go to Wimpole Hall, Cambridgeshire. Lord and Lady Lyndhurst arrived at their resi dence in George-street, Hanover-square, from Tunbridge Wells, on 'Wednesday last. Lord and Lady Proby have arrived at their residence, Halkin-street "West, from the Continent. Lord and Lady Llanover have a large party still at Llanover. Amongst the present guests are Lord Stmt ford de Radcliffe and Miss Canning, Lady Blantyre and the Misses Stuart, Lady Catherine and Miss Allen, Lord Taunton and Miss Labouchere, Mr. and the Hon. Mrs. Herbert, of Llanarth, Lord and Lady Wensleydale, Mr, Rechall, Mr. Dillon, &a.' Viscountess Stormont gave birth to a son on Monday last, at Scone Palace, Perthshire. Count and Countess Bonde of Brno left 16 Grafton-street, on Thursday last, en route by Dover and Calais, for the Palace of Horningsholm, Sweden. General Le Comte and Madame Schensteine and family have returned to the Brunswick Hotel, Jermyn.. street, from Scotland. Sir F. Uraham Moon, Bart., and Lady Moon, have left Portman-square for their marine residence at Brighton, Lady Francis and Miss Gordon have returned to town from Sir Alexander Bannerman's seat in Aberdeen- shire. DEATH OF LORD SINCLAIR.--The Right Hon. Charles Lord Sinclair died on Wednesday last at Pilmuir, near Torquay, at the advanced age of 95, having been born at Edinburgh in 1768. PROFESSOR WILSON (Christopher North) and ALLAN RAMSAY are each to have a statue in the Prince's street Gardens, Edinburgh, where workmen are already preparing sites for the two memorials. WHAT GOETHE DID FOR "HAMLET."—It is im pressed upon us that nobody understood " Hamlet" until Goethe expounded its meaning. What, then (asks a critic in the Times), was the wonderful discovery which Goethe made ? He discovered that Hamlet is an irresolute character, and that, having a great deal to do, he does it not I What an enormous mouse ! We are to suppose that nobody ever saw this mouse before. It is a huge discovery to tell us that Hamlet is slow to act, and that Laertes in. contrast to him is swift to act. We take all this for granted —it lies on the surface ; and English critics, not troubling themselves with such a palpable truism, advanced to the further question—ls Hamlet mad or half mad ?Is that irresolution of his the result of a sound or of an unsound mind. When Goethe's truism is thus forced upon us as a great discovery, we find ourselves in the position of a man who cannot answer a very simple question about something which he knows perfectly well. He may know every nook and corner of his house, and yet be unable to tell offhand how many rooms there are in it. The house agent is supe rior to us in this kind of knowledge, and can tell the exact number of rooms without hesitation. It is this house agent sort of superiority that the German critics display. It is the same sort of superiority as dumb-founded M. Jourdain when he discovered that, without knowing it, he had been, talking prose all his life. CRUIKSHANK'S DISCOVERY ABOUT GHOSTS—. anticipated by Partridge in Fielding's "'Porn Jones I "—As Hotspur himself must admit that any num ber of spirits may now be summoned from the vasty deep, by favour of Mr. Dircks, C.E., and Professor Pepper, the question (says the London _Review) How to dress your ghost ? becomes a matter of pressing importance. We lately noticed an amusing pamphlet by Mr. George Cruik shank,ochapter e s s e in r n e there Jones" n may t be c who objects t o the commo n ghost-stories that the ghost be ghosts so onsu lted with advantage. Fi e ldi ng makes his hero take dear simple old Partridge to see Garri c k i n " Hamlet. " never Abe dressed a t all, ought lot e h r es t of v " What man is that in the strange dress ?" asks Partridge. Tom Jones answers, " That is the ghost." To which. Partridge replies with a smile, "Persuade me to that, air, if you can, Though I can't say I ever actually saw a ghost in my life, yet I am certain I should know one, if I saw him, better than that comes to. No, no, sir, ghosts don't appear in such dresses as that, neither." This mistake, the novelist adds, caused much laughter in the neighbourhood of Partridge. But was not Partridge right? The ghost purported to come from the nether world—the suit of com plete steel in which he was clad Partridge knew must at that moment be in tho royal armoury of Denmark. There had been a divorce between the royal Dane and his coat of mail. The ghost of a king, Partridge could imagine. —the ghost of a helmet and corslet, he could not so easily realise. "No, no, sir, ghosts don't appear in such dresses as that, neither." A WORD FOR OUR SMALL BIRDS. ---It is no argument for destroying the birds that they do not rid us of the worse enemy. We know, by abundant evi. dence,that the small birds which most frequent our gardens and dwellings do dispose of an infinite number of cater pillar s, pubs, flies, and worms in feeding their young at well as themselves. That there is still more than they can dispose of is no wonder, considering the destruction of birds which has been going on now, faster and faster, more and more spitefully, for years past. It should be remembered that the insect increase goes on at an accelerated rate alter the natural check is once impaired. The escaped prey of one pair of finches or sparrows or robins, will not only grow up to spoil half-a-dczen vegetables, but will bring forth a progeny which will ruin scores of plants, and leave enough heirs to run through the property of hundreds more. While, therefore, I have wireworms, slugs, larve of mischiev ous moths, &3., in 107 garden, I shall let the birds try wh at they can do with t h e m i schief which I cer tainly ca nnot manage in any clumsy kunian method,— Once Lc It E) S N' TIJ I i