The Sun. — London, England, 1830-06-04 00:00:00

this subject to the attention of commissioners, who were above all others so competent to consider it in all its bearings. It• was impossible to enter into all the necessary details previous to the divorce hi that House.' Remedies had been proposed to correct the evil, but all had hitherto failed of success. He did not concur in the suggestion which had been thrown out, that the Learned and Hon. Gentleman ought to have brought in a Biil on the subject. A Bid must have been founded on some previous in quiry and discussion; and he therefore thought the course taken the best. _ _ Sir ROBERT PEEL said the terms of the mo tion had taken him somewhat by surprise, and the . _ subject was one which required great consideration. Though he was not prepared to give an unqualified opinion against the motion, yet he felt some surprise at the arguments which had been offered in its fa vour. It bad been said that that House was not a competent tribunal in cases of divorce, and that in nine cases out of ten collusion took place. He thought, however, that that statement was much exaggerated, for be could not give the name of collusion to a case where a wife, who had been guilty of adultery, and wronged an affectionate husband, offered no opposition to his procuring a divorce. With respect to the objec tion taken to the present system on the score of its giving relief only to rich people and excluding the poor from its benefits, he must say that he did Rot see how that objection was to be removed by any other system. Inquiry must in all cases be wade into the characters of both husband and wife, and, whatever might be the institution, great ex pense must necessarily be thereby incurred. It had been said that in some courts a divorce might be obtained for 15!. He did not think, however, that facilitating the means of obtaining divorces would have any thing like a moral effect upon the country. lie agreed in the propriety of the general principle of the law, that there should be no divorce at all, though at the same time he was of opinion that some relaxation should be allowed in certain cases, and re- lief given to parties by the special interposition of the Legisl rture. The Hon. and Learned Gent. pro posed to refer the subject to the Ecclesiastieal Com mission, but he (Sir R. Peel) was opposed to such a course. That commission was appointed for per fectly different purposes, and the gentlemen compos ing it had given their time and labour gratuitously; Parliament would not, therefore, be justified in im posing additional labour on them, which might pro tract their inquiries for two years longer. For these reasons be hoped the Hon. and Learned Gentleman wad adopt the suggestion which bad been made to Lint, and not press the motion to a division.—(Hear.) Lord F. L. GOWER did not concur in the mo tion, and as little in the opinion expressed by the Non. and Learned Member for Ciare, that in no ease whatever ought divorce to be allowed. Dr. PiIILLIMORE replied. The House then divided, when the numbers were— For the motion Against it lO2 Majority against the motion —s7 STATE OF THE LABOURING POOR. On our re-admissions to the gallery, we found Mr. SADLER on his legs, moving for leave to bring in a Bill to better the condition of the labouring poor of the British empire, but, owing to the noise occa sioned by the strangers rushing into the eery, the Hon. Member was for several minutes very indis tinctly audible. He began by observing that the great importance of the subject was a sufficient apo logy for his introducing it to the consideration of the House, and that though it was one which had often engaged the attention of Parliament, and which oc cupied at this moment the investigation of three or four' Committees, he conceived himself entitled to claim in some degree the attention of the House to it on the present occasion. He would not have sa tiafied his own conscience, nor would he have gone back satiafie& to his constituents, if he bad not brought it under the notice of the House, even at this advanced period of the Session. He had for ' a long time, and to the best of his ability, applied timsolf to the consideration of the best means for ameliorating the condition of the working cla%ses— he had consulted the highest authorities—he had conversed with those who had more extensive op portunities than he had enjoyed of inquiring into and investigating the matter, and the consequence was that he had arrived at the conclusion that no mea sures wciuld succeed in producing a permanent ame lioration of the condition of tire working classes iu this country, unless they were combined with mea sures for amelioatting the situation of the working 'glasses in Iteland.—(Hear.).=-They had heard much lately of the necessity that existed for . assimilating completely the laws and the institutions of the two eettetsies, with a view to give to Ireland the full benefit of the English law. Now, he would con tend, that if that principle were to be carried into effect with regard toasty laws, it should certainly be serried into execution with respect to those laws which applied to the situation of the working and labouring classes in the two kingdoms. He would maintain that Parliament should act upon that prin iiple by introducing into Ireland a legal system of charity, a compulsory provision for the relief of the poor in that country, so modified as to suit the pecu liar circumstances in which Ireland had been placed in consequence of the want of such a provision. Such naeasure would essentially benefit the working classes in England, who were at present frequently thrown out of employment, particularly in the manu facturing districts, by the multitudes of Irish labourers who came over here and depreciated the value of their labour by overstocking the market. The tendency of the poor laws introduced into Ireland would be to raise labour to its just value there as well as in this country. The two countries were now drawn so closely together, that it was int pousible that the law, as regarded the poor, could any longer remain upon a different footing in both of them. In the harvest ,field, at the forge, and at the loom, the English labourer found the Irish labourer coming in and interfering with him, and throwing him out of employment. In support of the prin ciple that the poor were entitled to relief, he could refer to many ancient and high authorides ; but he should content himself with referring the House on this occasion merely to some of the leading modern jurists. He would, in t ire first instance, appeal to the authority of Grotius to prove the justice of that im mutable principle, that the poor were entitled to re lief. The Hon. Member here read several passages to that effect from the works of that jurist. He .proceeded to observe that Puffendorf held the same doctrineibut he should not fatigue the House with any quotations from his luminous works on the subject. He then proceeded to quote the opinions of Montesquieu, Locke, Blackstone, and Paley, for the purpose of showing that the poor had a right to legislative re lief. ITestles these great authorities, he was happy to say that expediency also lent its service to the claims of justice. He understood that even in the pulpit the doctrine had been laid down that the poor ought to be left to mere casual relief. Such doc trine he was surprised to hear from any quarter; but still more was he surprised to find it emanate from those who had not only theological, but also chari table functions to exercise towards the public. Op tional charity did justice to no party, neither to those who gave nor to those who received it.- First of all, the benevolent did not form either the most wealthy or the most numerous class of society; and next, the benefited were degraded by receiving that to which they had a claim of right, as an eleemosy nary contribution ; for in his opinion, the poor man who, during the early period of his life, had acted an honest and industrious part, had as much, if not more right to be sustained at the close of it, at the public expense, as the highest functionary who re tired upon a superannuation. It was, however, stated that we ought to do our best to extirpate po verty. To that he would answer that it was not possible to extirpate poverty, and that if it weer possible, it was not, perhaps, desirable ; for poverty, or the dread of it, was the main spur to human in. dustry, and had supplied the motive for the most valuable discoveries in philosophy and science. But then it was said, " if you cannot extirpate poverty ; you must teach the poor to save." Pow could the poor save ? Their savings must be made either out of their food or out of their clothing, or out of the scanty means which they applied to the humble em bellishment of their cottages. But admitting it to be possible that they could save, what would be the re sult of such a measure ? The poor were consumers as well as producers; and if it were possible to impress upon them an universal parsimony, the pastures of England would be left desolate, its manufactures would remain unconsumed, and its exchequer would be well nigh empty. But, it was said that if you left the poor without legislative relief poverty would soon find its level. He scarcely knew what was meant by that phrase, but the only level which it appeared to him that unassisted poverty could find was the level of the grave. It had been thought that England was the only country in the world in which a regular system of poor laws had been established; but this was a mistaken notion. Poor laws had been established among all the wisest nations of antiquity, as he could prove beyond all dispute, if he had time to place before the House the gleanings from ancient authors which he had collected in the course of his studies on this point. Relief for the poor was pro vided in the institutions of Moses ; and the philoso phical Mitford, in his History of Greece, had shown that it was not unknown to the best regulated commonwealths of that country. He must say, in behalf of that religion to whose professors he was politically opposed, that in every country where it had prevailed, Catholicism had carried its charity to the poor to an excess that was almost culpable, inasmuch as it tended to create the very evil which it aimed at removing. In Protestant Germany, in Denmark, in Norway, in Sweden, and even in poor Iceland, the most humane provisions existed for the support of the poor. The same was the case in the United States of America, as any gentleman might see from perusing the acute and philosophical work of Mr. Warden. lie had calculated, that in the United States every poor man cost the public an nually forty-five dollars; and lie showed, that in New York, 200,000, and in Philadelphia 100,000 dollars, were annually expended on the relief of the poor.- Indeed, he had yet to learn that there ever had been, or that there now was, any civilized country in the world which had not made provision for the poor, with the solitary ex ception of Ireland—a country which of all others most required that such provision should be made. With the intention of rendering that position quite impregnable, he would proceed to quote a very few pages from a work of the celebrated Bishop of Moyne, in favour of establishing poor laws in Ire land. The work was entitled "An Argument for the Right of the Poor in Ireland to Legislative Relief." The Hon. Member then read his extract of "a very few pages," amidst a noise which ren dered it inaudible in the gallery. He then pro ceeded to contend that what was true of Ireland 60 years ago was also true now, owing to the want of a proper distribution of charity. Indeed, he was of opinion that if Ireland were not protected by a stronger country like England, property would soon be worth very little in that country, owing to its total want of poor laws. He then proceeded to read the opinions which Mr. Curwen, the late Mem ber for Cumberland, bad expressed upon this point; and to state that the same conclusions must be drawn from those melancholy volumes published by physicians, who had treated on the prevalent diseases of Ireland—volumes, which nobody could read without a tear in his eye, unless he had a heart of stone in his bosom. The argument against the introduction of the poor laws into Ireland resolved itself into an argument= ed erumenuni. It was contended that it was objectionable on a pecuniary account; but this argument, or objection, was al together fallacious. He was prepared to prove that by the introduction of the great measure he recom mended a great saving would accrue. If we would descend to the low estate of the people of Ireland, and give them an interest in the lands of their fathers, we should furnish them with a motive to uphold and strengthen the Government. It had been objected that there was no machinery is Ireland to carry this system into effect. Let the Legislature call back the absentees, and it would find not enly a machinery for le introduction of the poor laws, but the means of restoring the social system. When any act of cruelty or extortion was to be perpetrated in Ire-1 land, there was no complaint or want of machinery then. Why, then, should the objection be heard when a work of charity was proposed ? He con tended, on the point of expellee, that the poor l'tws in this country had not been a source of heavy taxa tion, and that the poor had not increased through their operation. The Hon. Member read a variety of details and calculations, which it was impossible to catch, owing to the noise in the House. He referred to some returns which had been made of the poor in the year 1744, which had formed the basis of recent calculations, to prove the great ex pence entailed by the poor laws, and which, he ob served, were notoriously erroneous.—(The Hon. Member then entered into a long inquiry into the circumstances of the dissolution of the monasteries, and to the state of the poor anterior to the intro duction of the poor laws into England, which was too imperfectly heard to admit of its being correctly reported.)—The introduction of the system into behind, he contended, was as important to the in- terests of England as to those of Ireland. The claims of the rich were always attended to, and surely the claims of the poor were worthy attention. If the claims of the poor man to a scanty pittance, when he was past labour, were to be rejected on a principle of political economy, he hoped that those who cried " Question" would explain the grounds of the doctrine. He trusted that the House would recommend itself to the (=Wry by recording its vote this night in favour of the mea ure he pro posed. The Hon. Member concluded by moving a resolution to the effect, " That it was the opinion of the House that the establishment of a system of poor laws in Ireland, on the principle of that of the 43d of Elizabeth, with such alterations and im provements as the course of time that had since elapsed and the difference of circumstances between England and Ireland might appear to require, was expedient and necessary to the permanent welfare and prosperity of both countries." On the question being put, Lord F. L. GOWER rose to oppose the motion, which he did not mean to do, he said, with any asperity of language or feeling, though he had much reason to complain of the Hon. Member's course of proceeding. He had no other means of judging what motions were to be submitted to the House, but the notices on the Order Book ; and certainly when he saw a notice of a motion for leave to bring in a Bill to improve the condition of the poor of the British empire, he did not expect that it would fall to his lot to be obliged to oppose a reso lution to extend the poor laws to Ireland. But after the lion. Member had devoted much time to the subject, instead of a practical detailed measure, he had come forward with a mere resolution, for which he could not expect to receive the support of the House. If there were no other objection to that resolution, he should find one in the fact, that a Committee was already sitting to inquire into the state of the poor in Ireland. Not being disposed to controvert the Hon. Member's statements, and thinking it only due to the Committee that the House should come to no such resolution as that pro posed by the Hon. Member till that Committee had wade its report, he should move the previous question. Strangers were then ordered to withdraw for division, but before the gallery could be cleared, Mr. TRANT thanked his Hon. Friend for hay' brought the question before the House with such great ability.—(Cries of Question.) Mr. WILMOT lIORTON said, nothing but inconvenience could be expected from adopting the resolution till the report of the Committee was made, and therefore lie should oppose the !notion. Mr. S. RICE said, were the House to prejudge the question by voting for that resolution, it would not !let consistently towards the Committer it had . Appointed to inquire into the subject, and, therefore, he should oppose the resolution. Mr. J. (*RATTAN thanked his Hon, Friend for the motion ; and should he persist in dividing the Muse on it, he would certainly vote with him, though lie must say that he did not expect from his lion. Friend's notice a motion of that nature. Ile was satisfied that poor laws must ultimately be adopted in Ireland, and therefore he would support the motion.—(Cries of Question.) Sir ROBERT WILSON said in his opinion there must, sooner or later, be provision in the n..ture of poor laws for the people of Ireland. After a few words from Mr. DUNCOMBE, Mr. MONCK, and Mr. SLANEY, Mr. SADLER replied, amidst loud cries of " Question !" Sir C.WETHERELL disapproved of the propo sition for adopting poor laws in Ireland, when they gave so little satisfaction in their method of work ing in this country. Th. motion was thennegati wed without a division. RANKERS IN IRELAND. Mr. DOHERTY obtained leave to bring in a Bill for amending the sth of George the Fourth, chapter 42, which applies to the copartnership of bankers in Ireland. COURT OF CHANCERY. The SOLICITOR-GENERAL obtained leave to bring in a Bill for regulating the Offices of Regis trar and of Masters in the nigh Court of Chancery. SALE OF BEER BILL. After some conversation cn the propriety of post poning the further consideration of this Bill, the House went into a Committee, on the understand ing that the discussion on the principle of the Bill was to be taken on the bringing up of the report. Mr. MONCK proposed a clause as an amend ment, requiring every householder who takes out a licemse to be assessed at fifteen pounds, within the districts of the chief officers of Excise, and let at wenty pounds in the other parts of the country. The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER had considered a proposition of this kind before; but he found it would press so unequally in large towns that he was compelled to abandon it. He had no objection to consent that the seller of beer should be a person rated to the Poor and Assessed Taxes; but if he consented to fix a limit of amount it would de stroy the principle of the Bill. After a conversation of some length between the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Mr. Hume, Sir T. Fremantle, Mr. Heathcote, Mr. Benett, and others, respecting the propriety of postponing the discussion at that late hour of the morning, Sir R. VYVYAN moved that the Chairman do now report progress, and ask leave to sit again. On this question the Committee divided. For the motion 59 Against it Majority . --42 The Committee then went into a further consi deration of the clause proposed by Mr. Monck, and it was negatived without a division. . Several other clauses were then agreed to, but on its being understood that there was no probability of getting through the consideration of the whole at that late hour, the Chairman reported progress, and obtained leave to sit again. LONDON AND EDINBURGH ROAD BILL. Lord MORPETH moved the second reading cy :his Bill. Lord LOWTHER opposed it, on the ground of its being totally unnecessary, and after a lengthened discussion the House divided— For the second reading... Against it Majority —7 The Bill was then committed pro forma, in order iat it might he printed with the proposed Amend- meats. The other Orders of the Day were afterwards disposed of, and the House adjourned at a Quarter to Five o'clock. LIS. OF FORTY-FITE WHO MENDING THE LAW 4 ECCLESIASTICAL CO: Browne, J. Baring, Sir T. Crompton, S. Carter, J. B. Cave, R. 0. Clive, E. B. Calthorpe, Hon. F. ' Colborne, N. It. Ewart, W. Euston, Earl of Ebrington, Viscount Guest, J. J. Gordon, R. Grattan, Henry Grant, Rt. Hon. C. Grant, R. Graham, Sir .1. IT OF THE MINOI VOTED WITH DR. PHI OP DIVORCE: TO THE CI WHISSIONERS. \Harvey, 1). W. Hume, Joseph Honywood, W. P, Huskisson, Itt Hun. W. ITY .LIMORR FOR RECOM 01SIDERATION OF THE Kennedy, T. F. Lambert, J. S. Lumley, J. S. Lennard, T. B. Martin, John Morpeth, Viscount Macaulay, 'l'. B. Nugent, Lord Norton, U. Ord, W. I Russell, Lord Sandon, Viscount Sykes, D. Smith, W. Tufton, Hon. H. Talbot, R. W. 'Tennyson, C. Wood, Alderman Waithman, Warburton, H. Wilbraham, CI Wynn, Sir W. NV. Wynn, Right Hon.C. 'Ward, J. TELLERS. Rice, T. S. Phillimore, Dr. UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE. CAMBRIDGE, JUNE 4.—The Rev. Adam Sedgwick, M.A., Professor of Geology, and Fellow of Trinity Col lege, was on Monday last eected a Senior of that society, in the room of the late Rev. Edward Yeats, M.A. _ _ On Tuesday Richard Wellesley Rothman, Eq., M.A., Fellow of Trinity College, was appointed by the Master to the Lay Fellow ship held by the late Frederick Malkin, Esq. , M.A. The Chancellor's gold medal to a resident under graduate for the English poem, was on Monday adjudged to Wm. Chapman Kinglake, of Trinity College..—Subject, Egan tium. _ _ The Rev. William John Aislabie, 8.A., and John Hop. kins Bailey, 8.A., of Trinity College, were on Monday last elected Tyrwhites Hebrew Scholars of the first class, and declared equal in merit. At a congregation, on Monday last a grace passed the Senate, " to confirm the report of the Syndics app. , inted to consider the best means of removing the Botanic G►rden." Oxman, JUNE 2.—ln a convocation holden this day, the Rev. John Ottley, M.A., late Fellow of Oriel, and the Rev. G. Morris, M.A., Scholar of Corpus, were no minated Masters of the Schoo's for the ensuing year. At the same time, the Rev. Richard Martin, M.A., Fel low of Exeter, and the Rev. George Moberly, M.A., Fel low of 1.3411i01, were nominated Public Examiners in Literis Huinanioribus ; and the Rev. Henry Reynolds, M.A., Scholar of Jesus, Public Examiner in Disciplinis Matbe ruaticis et Physicis. The following degrees were conferred BACHELOR IN DIVINITY. Rev. Philip Aubin, Fellow of Jesus. MASTERS OF ARTS. Wm. Grant, Brasenose, Grand Compounder; Rev. Charles Ilesketh, Trinity, Grand Compounder ; John Shepherd Birley and Rev. Frederick Maude, Thasenose; Rev. James Sutcliffe, St. Edmund Hall ; Moses Mitchell, 'Magdalen Hall ; Win. Griffith, Scholar of Jesus ; Rev. Francis Marendaz, Jesus ; Rev. Wm. N. Fall, Univer sity ; Rev. George B. Hamilto..., Corpus ; Edmund W. Head, Fellow of Merton ; Rev. Wm. Henry Edmeades and Rev. Thos. B. Lancaster, Merton ; Nathaniel Con stantine Strickland, Lincoln ; Rev. Joseph Maude, Michel Scholar of Queen's; Rev. Chas. F. S. Faushawc, Dewy of Magdalen; Henry D. Hirington, Fellow of Exeter. BACHELORS OF ARTS. N. Kendall, Trinity, Grand Compounder ; William Wayte Andrew, St. Mary Hall, Grand Compounder ; Edward WM, St. Edmund Hall ; Thomas Wn►. Webb, R. Tomes, Magdalen Hall; William Roche, Trinity; Daniel Jones, Thomas Summers, Jesus; John Rogers, Banjo! ; Wm. B. Smythe, Corpus; Geo►;ge William Murray, Merton; Edwin Hothain, New College; James Abernethy, Octavius Brock, Brasenose; James Stevens, St. John's College; Edw. Massie Osborne, J. Tancock, Wadhao► ; Edw. Hawkins, Scholar of Pembroke; B. Philip Mallet, G. M. Dowdeswell, Clement Le Hardy, S. Nicholls, Pembroke; Francis H. Romney, George Wm. Kershaw, John Palmer, John Stewaid, William N. Skillicorne, S. H. Field, Worcester ; R. W. Good enough, Student of Christ Church ; Edward Conroy, Geoffrey Palmer, O. B. Cole, J. B. Drake, Christ Church ; Chas. Cheyne, Lincoln ; John Marriott, Henry Stevens, Oriel; F. Stunner, D. Eaton, and F. Dand, Queen's. THE MUSSULNIAN.--A TALE OF TURKEY. —Little id known, though much has been written, about the manner of life peculiar to Turkey. That it differs essentially from that 01 all other civilized countries_ is no torious; but scarcely any Christi an i s acqua i nte d with the particulars which constitute so wide a difference. As the novel called the " Mustuloran" comes from the pen of Dr. MADDEN, who practised the medical profession in 'Const intinople under circumstances highly favourable to the acquisition of knowledge concealed from others, the public may be assured of the authenticity of the sketches, unparallt led as they are, which., tpresented in the new Turkish novel. NAVAL INTELLIGENCE. PLYMOUTH, JUNE 3.—The Messenger steam vessel, Lieut. Lapidge, arrived at this port on Mon day afternoon, from Woolwich, on her way to Fal mouth, to take out the next Mediterranean mail. We hear that the Commander of this vessel goes to the Carron, vice Lieut. Aplin, appointed to the Messenger. In Hamoaza—Caledonia, Kent, I3lanche, Dryad, Clio, Royalist, Goldfinch packet, and Carron, Con fiance, and Echo steam-vessels. In Barnpool—Undaunted. At the Island—Vigilant, and Bramble. PROMOTIONS, APPOINTMENTS, &C.—Capl. E. S. Dickson is appointed to the Ganges, vice Hayes and Lieutenants Ralph Gore (b), and J. H. Turner, are appointed to the Ganges, vice Creser and Huntley. Commander Edward Belcher is appointed to the "Etna, and Lieut. F. G. Bond is appointed Super numerary Lieutenant of the lEtna.—Commander C. E. W. Boyle is promoted to the rank of Captain, and Lieut. It R. Sturt is , promoted to the rank of Commander.—Lieut. Benjamin Aplin is appointed to the Messenger steam-packet..—Lieutenants Chas. Bayne and E. H. Fitzmaurice are appointed to the Preventive Service. Mr. S. G. Northcote, late of the Pelican, is ap pointed Master of the Clio. Lieut. John Bully, (1826) is appointed to the Coast Guard Service at Kingsbridge. Captain J. Irwin Willes, late Adjutant of the Portsmouth Division of Royal Marines, has been appointed to the Woolwich Division, vice W. H. Robinson, who has been surveyed and placed on the reserved half-pay list. Captain Andrew Herriot, and First Lieutenant Arthur Morrison, R.M., have joined Portsmouth head-quarters, from his Majesty's ship Isis, which is gone to Chatham to be paid off. Second Lieutenant George Logen, 8.M.A., with the detachment of Marine Artillery, on board his Majesty's bomb 'Etna, has joined head-quarters in consequence of that ship having been paid off and re-commissioned. First Lieutenant T. Rees Tho mas, of the Plymouth Division, R.M., has been invalided from his Majesty's ship Britannia, and came home from the Mediterranean in his Majety's ship Asia. His Majesty's ship Athol arrived at St. Jago, Cape de Verds, from Goree 27th March, and sailed 30th for Brava and Sierra Leone. The Rose at arrived at Bermuda from Halifax 20th April. The Comet arrived at Madras from a cruise 25th Jan. Zebra arrived at Sydney, N.S.W. from Plymouth 2d December. The Harpy arrived at St. Jago de Cuba 31st, and Minx, from Turks Islaud 12th April. The Winchester sailed from Jamaica for Havannah, Barham for ditto and Portsmouth, Mer sey for St. Domingo, and Grasshopper for a cruise, 4th April. Sparrowhawk Nassau, N.P., 14th ditto. FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE. FRENCH PAPERS. " Amongst the candidates for the sovereignty of Greece it appears that the Prince of Wasa (Prince Royal of Sweden) meets with support both from France and Eng land. It is asserted that the Princes of Saxony and Ba varia have been excluded by Russia, in consequence of their religion ; and as a scitismatic Greek Prince is not to be had, Russia prefers a Protestant to a Catholic, who it could not be expected would ever abjure his religion. The Albertine branch of the house of Saxony is not numerous at the present moment ; the Chief of that Royal house could not see with satisfaction one of his collateral' established at a distance from him; and it is probable that that is the reason that our Govern ineA ; has not been willing to let the preliminaries of this negotiation take their course. " It appears that France has several motives for not supporting the solicitations of a Prince of the House of Bavaria, and consequently the negotiations can only refer to the Prince Royal of Sweden, and to a Prince of Hesse. It is not to be supposed that the Prince Frederick of Nassau, youngest son of the King of the Low Countries, has the intention of appearing as a candidate ; and as to the Prince Paul of Wurtemnberg, we believe we can affirm that there is no question of him. —L' Universel. " Yesterday the remains of M. Gohier, the last Presi dent of the Directory, who died on Saturday, were taken from his late residence in the Rue de l'Abbaye direct to the cemetery of Pyre la Chaise, followed by a long train of mourners, and deposited in the ground without being pre sented at a church, in compliance with the express direc tions of the will of the deceased. General Merlin, his son- in-law, was chief mourner. The four corners of the pall were held by Messrs. Schanen and Laisn4 de Vellevesque, ex-Members of the Chamber of Deputies, and by Lieu tenant-Generals Solignac and Brayer. M. Bernard, Ad. vocate of the Royal Court of Paris, delivered an oration over the grave. We are assured,' says the Journal des Deb%ts, ' that M. de Peyronnet boasts of appointing M. Cour voisier President of one of the electoral colleges of the de partment of the Doubs. We know not whether M. de Peyronnet intends such an humiliation for M. Courvoi sier, but we have doubts whether M. Courvuisier will accept it.' " We announced a few days since that M. M—, Comptroller of the Mint, bad shot himself. This dreadful act was committed in the presence of his wife, who had been for several years dumb, and deprived of the use of her limbs, by a severe paralysis : the shock she received fr.na viewing this horrible scene, instantly restored not only her power of speech, but all her other faculties.—Paris Advertiser. " The following confidential circular, dated Paris, May 26, has been addressed to the Directots of the Customs, by the Director-General of that department :— "' The approaching elections, Sir, are, on the part of Government, the subject of just anxiety; public order and prosperity depend on their result. The Government has a right to reckon, in order to attain those ends, upon the e,neurreure of all well-disposed persons,—of all Frenchmea worthy to be called so by their 'allegiance to - - the King, their love for their country, and their submis sion to the laws which govern us: but it has a still greater right to expect this concurrence from all its agents, from all those who have taken a special oath of fidelity to the King. For them, devotedness is the first of duties. I have not hesitated answering to his Excellency the Ili nister of Finances, for the punctuality and even the soli citude with which the officers of the Customs would come forward to fulfil this duty, either by their personal votes or by using their influence to enlighten the electors, and second the views of Government. The prefects have re ceived instructions which will enable them usefully to di rect, in each locality, your proceedings, and those of the principal functionaries under your orders. On receiving this letter, you will apply to the Prefect of your depart ment, and in ousting him your good will, ask him for the instructions he may think proper to give you, to render your aid more useful and more certain. Please to direct the chefs. de service, inspectors, sub-inspectors, and prin cipal receivers, to proceed in the same manner with the sub-prefects, and to avail themselves of their advice to march in unison towards one common end,—namely, the choice of such Deputies as will candidly and loyally con. cur with the King in the execution of his benevolent views. To attain this sacred end is the first wish as well as the first want of all his faithful subjects. I trust that there are none more faithful and devoted than those in the Cus toms. All will rival each other in proving it ut this im portant juncture. I request you to address, without de lay, to the principal persons subordinate to you, instruc tions similar to the present, of which you will acknow ledge the reception.—Believe me, &c. " "THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL OF TIIE CUSTOMS.' " ST. PKTERSETIRCII, MAT 16.--The sudden retun of the Emperor from Moscow at the beginning of last month surprised every one, as it Wad well known that Majesty proposed making a much longer stay. The fol lowing are the motives which caused his sudden return : we repeat them without guaranteeing them. Some days after the departure of the Einperor, Halil Pacha 'emitted to Count Nesselrode a despatch which he had just re ceived from Constantinople, accompanied by an auto graphic letter front the Sultan to the Emperor. In this letter, after a long preamble, full of protestations of loyalty and friendship, the Grand Seignor finishes by declaring, that to exact from him a contribution of 10,000,000 of ducats, is the same as putting a knife to his throat; that if Russia insists upon it, he will he forced to place bitneelt and the empire under the discretional protection of France, Austria, and England. " The courier that was sent off from St. Petersburg), with this despatch arrived at Moscow a few hours after the Euiperor,:and resumed his journey after a few minutes' repose. The despatch was the object of very serious de liberations, and the Emperor wrote to the Sultan an an swer, conceived in very energetic terms ; but he declares that, far from wishing to ruin the Nab, he wishes to get it out of its critical position by granting a reduction ol some portion of the war contributions (some say this re- ~ .~ ~` ~^~ '~- i ~ - •si. - duction is 3,000,000, others say 4,000,000 oilluCats) ; but in return he expected that the sum the Porte was his debtor would be paid with the least delay possible ; so that, at the end of next year at the latest, all the payments should be completed. At the same time the Porte was requested to accelerate as much as possible the entire ful filment of the other s►ipulations of the treaty of Adria sople; and the Ist of July, it is said, is fixed as the pre ' eribed time. The salve answer made known to the Porte, in ease of its non-execution, the determination of the Emperor to order his troops to renew hostilities, and to proceed on the march upon Constantinople. "As soon as this energetic answer was made known at Constantinople, it produced a great sensation, and was im mediately communicated to the Ambassadors of the above named Powers, who all advised the Porte to conform, without delay, to the conditions definitely imposed by Russia, particularly as it would be the means-of promptly obtaining the entire evacuation of the Ottoman empire. "As to the financial embarrassments of the Porte, Austria has proposed a loan to obviate it, and for that pur pose recommended the house of Rothschild. This propo sition, which had been repeatedly made, has been finally agreed upon, and the negotiations have been opened, with the said house, which in the mean time, sent off from Vienna for Constantinople, a confidential agent, furnished witn the full powers necessary to treat with tLe Porte."— Temps. (From the Messager des aambres of Wedneeday.) Letters from Toulon state, according to the intelligence received by the last vessels from the coat of Algiers, it was a fortunate circumstance that the squadron did not set sail before the 25th, as exceedingly bad weather prevailed for nearly a whole month on the coast of Africa. Not only would the expedition have been wholly unable to effect a landing, but it would also have been exposed to the greatest dangers. There is every reason to hope that our squadron will arrive at a moment when the same apprehensions no longer exist. _ _ _ GREECE.-The English General, Church, who has been in the service of Greece, has published some obser vations on the limits which the Allied Powers have assigned to that State. His memoirs contribute much to exculpate Prince Leopold's refusal. He shows that the discontent which broke out in Greece respecting the settlement of these frontiers is more serious than the public is aware of: that a very different frontier from that which has been fixed by the Allies is requisite for the firm establishment of the new State, and that this frontier ought to include Acarnania and Etolia. He likewise maintains that the limits, as at present determined, leave Greece at the mercy of the Turks, and deprive the Government of the very possibility of preventing collisions between its subjects and those of the Porte. The list of the purifications about to be adopted begins to unfold itself by degrees. We have already mentioned several dismissals. We are this day informed that M. Febrotte, the Director of Domains in the department De l'lmdre and Loire, a functionary 'of great capacity, in a branch requiring more knowledge than any other, is of that nu►nber. He was the friend of his Ex-Director. General, M. de Calmon. HAVRE (DEPARTMENT OF THE LOWER SEINE), MAY 30.—The Curate of * * * *, near Havre, a young Priest, recently arrived in that parish, paid frequent visits to the wife of a labourer, who endured the assiduities of this ruddy and lascivious pastor with less impatience than her husband. In spite of repeated interdictions on the party interested, the Curate found so much delight in the con versation of his pretty parishioner, that he could not mus ter resolution enough to pay any attention to the prohibi tions of the husband. As soon as the labourer went to the fields, the Curate hastened to fill his place, and gave his company to the wife ; so that the neighbours made their remarks upon it, and laughed at this domestic ar rangement, till at last one of them, who was more careful of the labourer's reputation than the rest, bad the charitableness to inform him of what was going on. One day last week, having observed the Cu rate to slip into the farm like a cunning lox, this offi cious neighbour went to apprise the husband of it, who, without loss of time, left his waggon and horses under the care of his assistant, and returnel home in great haste.— He found the Cura'e sitting with his wife, and jovially emptying a bottle of wine. He thought the proper time had arrived for inflicting a correction on the guilty pair. Being armed with his whip, which, from an excess of prudence, he had brought along with him, he laid it lus tily on and about the ecclesiastic's shoulders, tore the cas sock into ribands, and left a number of marks on the bruised face of the man who superseded him. When he conceived the chastisement sufficient, Ile opened the door, and, taking his hat off, showed the Rev. Gentlem►n our, whom his neighbours were expecting in the street. The worthy individual returned to the parsonage, booted by the Whole village. It is useless to add, that after the de parture of the Curate, the labourer somewhat rudely de monstrated to his wife the danger of a tete-a-tete with a young priest, drinking wine, with closed doors, in the house of an absent husband. ST, QUENTIN (AISNE), ?Lt 30.—FIRES.—On the 29th of May, at four o'clock in the morning, six matches, two of which were burnt at one end, were found before the door of a person of the name of Chatles Mollin, in the suburb of St. Jean, on the road leading to the castle. Ills house was thatched with straw. LENS- (PAS-DE-CALAIS), MAY 28.—An attempt at setting fire to buildings has occurred in the sommune of Courrieres. A small burnt taper, covered with sulphur, has been discovered, placed against the wall of a house. The perpetrators of this crime are as yet unknown. At a moment when numerous incendiaries carry terror into a part of France, the public administration ought to double its vigilance and zeal to discover them. 1110 - NTNEUIE, MAY 26.—The commune of Verton has likewise been the scene of a fire, an insured house having become the prey of the flames. The loss amounted to SOO francs, (331. 6s. Bd.) Tkis fresh misfortune, how, ever, was not the effect of a crime, but of au accident merely.ea PtatrEux (Doanocrle), MAY 29.—An incendiary crime was committed on the 19th instant, in a village of the commune of Montearet, at eleven o'clock in the morn ing, whilst all the inhabitants we-e occupied in the fields. It is attributed to an individual of the name of Pierre Deyinier, nicknamed Boisse. This wretch, who for some days past, was, or pretended to be, deranged, has already repeatedly manifested an intention of setting fire to the house of his nephew, and to that of his wife, in order to burn the latter, as he said, and to revenge himself for their refusing his applications for money to frequent taverns. However, this event (loco not appear to have caused much damage, as the inhabitants of the village ran to the spot, and prevented the progress of the flames. 'Pierre Deymier was immediately arrested, by order of the Mayor, and placed at the disposal of the Procureur du Roi. On the 21st instant the gendarmes were conducting another prisoner to Bergerac, when, on the demand of the conductor, they permitted him to alight from the carriage to cross the bridge of that town on foot ; all of a sudden Pierre Deymier betook himself to flight, and plunged into the river, which he endeavoured to pass by swimming, but M. Ranc, the serjeant who commanded the brigade of Bergerac, went immediately in pursuit of him, jumped into the water, dressed as he was, and soon came up with Dey mier. A boat picked both of them up, and this unex pected assistance probably saved both their lives, for they wire carried along by the current, which is pretty rapid on tirat spot. The zeal and devotedness of M. Rune de. waves the greatest praise. Havae (SEINE lieruatroax), MAY 31.—The terror spread amongst the western departments by the incen diaries of Lower Normandy has likewise seized the inha bitits of Honfleur, though no accident of the same descrip tion as those which desolated our neighbours has as yet occurred here. A young child having found a letter, with a two-franc piece, and thrown it into a stove, was so much frightened by the noise which was produced by the ignition in the stove tube, that terror spread itself all over the neighbourhood. The crowd hastened to the spot where they easily convinced themselves of the puerile occ sion of their alarm. Few persons, however, were daring enough to touch the two francs found by the child, which were deemed capable of causing ignition, owing to some phosphoric effect apprehended—no one "knew why, or how it was likely to happen. The arrival of a company of the Royal Guard at Ilonfleur, so far from allaying the terror which had taken hold of the public mind, contributed only to make them believe in the existence of a much greater danger than there really was. The recent fire at a farm at Pont Audetner had rendered the presence of an imposing force in that part of the country necessary. The strangest suspicions are adopted at Honfleur, without and previous examination, which is the ease in all those places that were alarmed by incendiaries; and the roost impro bable reports are repeated there with quite a blind sort of confidence. It has been said to-day that some malefactors, with flambeaux in their hands and combustib'es in their pockets, had been taken into custody, arid that they have exhibited to the authorities before whom they were brought cards (passports) from the police of Paris. None of dies. tiles are too absurd to impose on the credulity of the in habitants of country places. The narrative of a fact has been communicated to us, which, though very unsuitable to the seriousness of the circumstance above alluded to, will, however, prove tin ,tote of exasperation of the inhabitants of Lower Normandy. A sentry of the 12th Regiment, placed near a farm it the lido' of Saint Lo : heard the noire or the footsteps •~ of a person advancing towards the farm. The farmer stu rives, and prevails on the sentry to fire. After thrice calling out " who is there ?" and no answer bein givea, the soldier discharges his musket. Both proseed towards the spot where the ball ought to have lodged, when the farmer finds one of his beasts of burden stretched on the ground. " Never mind," cries he, "-had it been a man he would have been killed in the same way." Such is the fury of the peasantry at the bare idea of malefactors attack ing their property. A foreigner, whose passport had been found perfectly re gular, was arrested at Honfleur, on the bar, suSpicion ex cited by the bulk of the things he carried in his pockets ; it is said he has been handed over to the Brigadier of gendarmes. FRENCH Ft/NM—PARIS, Ni.T 31.—Five per Cents., 104 f, ; Four per Cents. 99E !'Oc. ; Three per Cents., 79f. 75f. 70c. 90c• 80e. 85c. 60c. die. 75c. 4 , 0 c. ; Rentes de Naples, 894 1 25c. 15e. 8 0 881. 95e. 88E 75c. 50c. ; Royal Spanish Loan, 855( ; Rentes Per petuelle d'Espagne, 75}4 i 4 75 7-1% %.; Exchange on London —One month, (paper), 251'. iioe. • Three months (paper), 9 5 f• 35e. ; money, 25f. 35c.—fours Authentique. WATERLOO BRIDGE COMPANY. Yesterday the half-yearly General Meeting of the DP, rectors and Proprietors of this Company was held at the Crown and Anchor Tavern. J. RUSE!, Esq., at one o'clock, was called to the Chair. The minutes of the previous meeting having been' re ferred to, the accounts of the receipts and disburse' ments for the half-year ending the 23d - February' were then read, from which it appeared that there was a deficiency of 5151. in the amount received in the last half-year, compared with the amount re ceived in the previous half-year, which had also shown a deficiency of 5001. in tie receipts, making . a total defi ciency in the past year of 1,0151. The amount of toll received in the half-year was 5,8761., and with other r ,r,„ ceipta made the total income 6,3561. After paying th e current expences, there remained 2s. 2d. in the pound, to be divided among certain annuitant., on a sum of 57,0001. 33,0001, had been added to the arrears of the annuitants, making a total of 877,4371. of arrears due to annuitants. The Report stated that hopes were entertained that a new street would be made from the bridge to join the great North road, and as such a favourable opportunity occurred, by appropriating the site of the English Opera Hong for its opening, that it would not be lost sight of. Sir Joseph Yorke had seen Lord Lowther on the subject, and a petition had been presented to Parliament, and from the very general feeling of the public in favour of the project , they had sanguine hopes it would be conceded to their wishes. The report concluded by stating the Committe e had, in order to facilitate the co-operation of the new police on both sides of the bridge, determined to let these of the division on duty pass tell-free. A Proprietor inquired what steps the Board of Di: rectors had taken with reference to the proposed new street The CHAIRMAN replied, nothing had been yet debut' tively settled, anti, before any important step was taken , that the whole body of Proprietors must be consulted. Tbe enormous expense would, he feared, operate as a check upon any effectual assistance the Company could ensurer un!ess aided by Government, who, however, had neither promised nor refused to lend its aid. The expense 01 making the entrance to Charles-street alone would amoun t to 85,0001. He did not feel himself at liberty to e nter into more particular detail, as it had been agreed to defer the discussion of the subject to a future meeting, when Si r Joseph Yorke was expected to be in town. , Thanks being voted to the Chairman; the' meeting rw" journed. LITERATURE. BOURRIENNE'S MEMOIRS. Foust. VoLs. LONDON► 1830. Of all the numerous works that have bees' published respecting Napoleon, the present aP' pears by far the most authentic and important . This at least is the character it enjetys at Paris among those most competent to appreciate its real worth. So far as entertainment is con' cerned, it is one of the most remarkable boolc 9 we ever read. In its rambling desultory nature , as also in the spirited and familiar way in which it hits off the characters of some of the most ce' lebrated upholders of the Bonapartean dynasty' it resembles not a little that most enchaining and unique piece of gossip and egotism, Bos well's Life of Johnson. M. Bourrienne, ever, is as far superior to Boswell in sagacity, worldly wisdom, and general literary endow ments, as Napoleon is to the great Lexicogra pher in quickness of apprehension, fertility o f genius, and natural energy of mind. M. Boor' rienne was educated at the same school with Napoleon at Brienne, and on the Tatter's firs t elevation to the Consulate was- appointed his private secretary, an arduous and toilsome occtv pation, but which necessarily gained' him the almost unlimited confidence of the embryo Env peror. This continued with little or no reserve for some time, until the pride of Napoleoill taking offence at some indiscreet phrase uttered by M. Bourrienne in a moment of exasperation? a separation took place, the particulars of which are so interesting that we cannot forbear to ex' tract them : " On the 27th of February, 1802, at ten at night' Bonaparte dictated to me a despatch, of considerable int" portance and urgency, for M. de Talleyrand, requestiog the Minister for Foreign Affairs to come to the Tuileries, next morning, at an appointed hour. According to cos' tom, I put the letter into the hands of the office W l ' senger, that it might be forwarded to its destination. " This was Saturday. The following day, Sunday, I '' de Talleyrand came about mid -day. The First Consul it"" mediately began to confer with him on the subject of tl' e letter sent the previous evening, and was astonished t ° learn that the Minister had not received it until t he morning. He rang i mme di a t e ly f or th e messenger , a° ordered me to be sent for. Being in very bad humour,l pulled the bell w ith so muc h fury, that he struck his ha", violently a g ai ns t th e ang l e o f th e c hi mne y-pi ece . I hurrie l to his presence. ' Why,' he said, addressing me hastily' why was not my letter delivered yesterday evening ?'"" I do not know : I put it into the hands of the . persl whose duty it was to see that it wa s sen t.'—' Go, " o `, learn the cause of the delay, and come back •quicklP Having rapidly made my inquiries, I returned to tb e cabinet. ' Well?' said the First Consul, whose irritati° ° seemed to have increased. ' Well, General, it is not 1 11 e fault of any body. M. de Talleyrand was not to be fou"' either at the office, or at his own residence, or at ,° houses of any of his friends, where he was thought like'', to be.' Not knowing with whom to be singly, restraitie v by the coolness of M. de Talleyrand, yet ut the same tin" ready to burst with rage, Bonaparte ruse from his sea'' and proceeding to the hall, called the messenger, ar questioned him sharply. The man, disconcerted by 11 1 anger of the First Consul, hesitated in his replies, an, gave confused answers. Bonaparte returned to his cab' , • net, still more irritated than he had left it. I had a s lowed him to the hall, and on my way back to the cabin' I attempted to soothe him, and I begged him not to l id thus discomposed try a circumstance which, after all, T. ll of no great moment. Ido nut know w h e ther hi s ange l was increased by the sight of the blood which flowed fro"' his hand, and which he was every moment looking at ; but however that might be, a transport of furious p a ssio"' such as I had never before witnessed, seized him ; and I° , I was about to enter the cabinet, after him, he Ore' hack the door with so much violence, that had I been tw t ° or three inches nearer him, it must infallibly have stro c A r roe in the face. Ile accompanied this action, which o nv e almost convulsive, with as appellation not to be borne ; exclaimed, before M. de Talleyrand, Leave me : dove' you are a fool.' At an insult so atrocious, I fess, that the anger which had already mastered the Fi r ' l Consul, suddenly seized on me. I thrust the door O r ward, with as much impetuosity as he bad used in " t ' t e mpting to close it; and, scarcely knowing what I sit' l i, exclaimed, ' You are a hundred fold greater foe! than I am.' I then went up stairs to my apartment, which tv i situated over the cabinet. " I was as far tram expecting as from wishing suet' Dt occasion of separating from the First Consul. But was done could not be undone; and, therefore, Witlicof taking time for reflection, and still under the influence ~1 the anger that had got the better of me, I penned th e I d lowing positive resignation : it " General,—The state of my health does not pet ei v, .ne longer to continu e i n y our ser vi c e. I therefore 1 ; you to accept my resignation. "' BOURRIENNe , OO I " Some moments aft e r this was written, I saw (r oe my window the sad le-horses of Napoleon arrive at eritnne bib tint Dame I went table. Parte re a 1, asey as the eull women dining, As one's quote shall have j most of bic _perus hada!: his c immc hero withs could CITI! per's read trave] with are. cities are c wept Conn tion anti 2 latioi Ron] the r EmF sand Lug on I front nobl in E tars Trf furl Po bui wl gra stal get the poi 01( au t},