The Sun. — London, England, 1863-10-21 00:00:00

THE TELEGRAPH TO INDIA. The last slips of the squadron appointed to con vey this cable, which in a few moans will connect Ectedarsd with the remotest provinces of our Indian empire, have either sailed this week or will leave now in a few days snore. Unforeseen causes, stress of weather, difficulty in obtaieing all the varied appliances and apparatus necessary for so remote and important an expedition, have delayed the start ing of some of the ships beyond the limo at first contemplated. The Assaye left Plymouth on Satur day, the Tweed dropped down the river on Monday last, the Marian Moore and Kirkham are well on their voyage out. Only one more cable ship, the cospatrick, remains to follow. As they are all ra ther behind time, they will touch at no intermediate ports, but at once make all sail for Bombay. The public is, therefore, not likely to hear much of them till the great labour is completed, and the first inti metion of success will most probably appear in our own columns in the telegram that will announce the state of the Bombay and Calcutta markets of the previous evening. It is only a few weeks since we gave a very long account of the mode of manufac ture of this cable at Mr. Henley's factory—of the careful way in which it was almost hourly tested for insulation and resistance till it finally passed out from all the machines sheathed with ga l v anised iron wi re t o protect i t from rust, swat h e d in hemp and tar over this, and, finally, coated over all with a mixture of asphalt, tar, and silica, laid on in a melted state and allowed to cool into a coating hav ing almost the hardness of flint, and the flexibility of rope. In this completed state, nearly 11 in. in diameter, weighing nearly 4 t o the mile, and 2 ions in water, it has been sh i pp ed in huge black looking coils on board the v essels we have mention ed. The Marian Ikloore has taken about 700 tons, or 174 miles of the cable ; the Kirkham, 183 miles; the Tweed, 350 miles ; the ' Assaye, 370 miles; and the Cospatrick w ill have 173 miles ; or, in all, 1,250 nautical miles of submarine wire. In addition, each ship takes out complete telegraph stores for one station in the Persian Gulf. The little steamer Charente, to be hereafter called the Amber Witch, and to be permanently employed between the sta tions in the Persian Gulf, will carry out some 30 or 40 miles of shore ends of great strength, and this co mpletes the tale of the scientific expedition, than which a more perfectly equipped one never left this country. The whole responsibility of superinten dence, from the moment the cable wa s begun,down to the proper fitment of every ship chosen to carry it, has devolved upon Colonel Patrick Stewart, RE., as well known for his high militaryservices in India as for his superintendence of the admirably worked land lines through that country. Sir Chas, Bright and Mr. Latimer Clark have been electrical engi neers under Colonel Stewart, and have undertaken the whole responsibility of laying it successfully, but the principal labour has fallen to Colonel Stewart's lot, and to him will be due the great merit of the success of this national achievement. Each ship, as we have said, has been most per fectly fitted out, an d eac h , as far as equipment goes forms a perfect expedition in itself—a complete link in the chain of stations which is to connect Bombay with the head of the Gulf. The Assaye and the Tweed, the vessels which have just started with the greatest lengths of cable, may be taken as fair samples of the whole squadron. These vessels are sister ships built of Malabar teak, and intended as frigates for the old India Company. Both are of great speed, and both are of such prodigious strength that there are probably no wooden vessels in her Majesty's navy so strongly bound together. In each of these, as in all the other ships of the expedition, three massive wrought-iron tanks have been built from the bottom up to the main deck —one forward, one amidships, and one aft. In these the cable is carefully stowed away in three coils, the beginning and end of each coil being car ried along the ships to the testing room, and the tanks are then filled with water by a small steam pump. A member of Sir Charles Bright's electri cal staff goes with each ship, and has sole charge of the cable, which he can thus test through while under water in the tanks daily, and in case of any leakage being discovered have time to watch and localise the fault in the insulation, if any should occur, long before the time for submerging arrives. Being thus able to watch the condition of the wire from day to day was of the utmost possible import ance, though from various causes it has not been practicable till now to adopt the precaution. With each section - of the cable is also sent the appliances necessary for paying out and buoying, with a staff of skilled workmen for making joints and cutting out faulty places, if any should be discovered in the voyage out, iron posts for land lines, grappling irons for raising the wire, and most perfect and costly sets of instruments, some of the most delicate kind, which will be kept either at the stations or at the headquarters at Kurrachee, in case of any un foreseen difficulties in working.' As far, however, as the most anxious care and forethought can guard against accidents none are likely to arise. In fact, the same delicate system of testing adopted during the manufacture, which could detect and record the loss of one thousandth millionth part of the current by leakage, shows that, if possible, the cable now in the tanks on board the Assaye is in even better electrical condition than when it left Mr. Henley's works. The Assaye was driven into Plymouth by desperately heavy weather ; yet so strong was the ship, and so well was the cable stowed that the last tess taken before the vessel sailed on Setur• d ,a . y showed each section to b e i n a hi g h er con u'uan• of insulation than any submarine cable ever exhibited before. On board each of the Ships go a Certain hereafte r to work the line from station to station along th e Gulf. At each station will be a superin tendent and de pat je-sstuperintendent, with six clerks —the latter the instrumenta hands that could be procured ; the former gentlemen of from 10 to 12 years' experienc e at theil arge stations in Eng land. At some of the stations lonelythe staff will have but a dull time; at Khasab, the off the Arabian coast, for instance, ,i Where the hosti lity of the Arabs may possibly to live on board a hulk moored at some little di l s e i t b a a r i n l c e from the aryof about rocky desolate shore. A well-chosen 2,000 volumes goes out with the between tabtions. these will be divided between the five Gulf expedition, and The Amber Witch, which will Ply tions, will bring letters and papers, and none ofe the staff w ill be kept more than two or th ree months at a time at on stat ion, so that there will at l east b e canstant c hange, if there is not much vari e t y . from Kurrachee to Gvaadel, a The five stations will be distance of 250 miles, from G wadel across the Gulf to the peninsula of Khasab, from Khasab to Bashire, and from 13ulhir e to a place called Few, a small eastern township on the estuary at the mouth of the su bmarine wire meets the land Euphrates, liaeswtich wherecarr h carry tit to e „n a g (led, thence to Mossul (the ancient Nineveh), th ence to Diabeker, and thence to Scutari, on the 802131-I" us ' where it joins a dozen European land routes. Dr. Esselbach, se well known among scientific men in this country fo r his high attainments, is to be chief superinten dent in charge of the whole line, and at his disposal Will be a regular staff of mechanicians, Sac., at the head quarters at Kurrachee. The reason for going to th e breaks or expense and trouble of making five or statio ns i n t h e G u lf , on a l e ngth of le 2oo miles of wt • re, is, of course, the great difficulty 'which would otherwise be ex erienned in tele graphing th rough P of 1 200 unbroken circuit , miles. It we for the an Alexandria line same reason that the .Malta was laid in three sections. Elec tricians are sanguineana ith in in their hopes that, in the course of time, creased knowledge and experience in submarine cables, this great difficulty, or rather obstacle, m ay b e mitigated. A s f ar , how ever, as present knowledge goessage nothing appears more certain than that messages cann o t be sent through long, unbroken eircuitsosa 8 w ith sufficient rapidity and distin s uch undertakings profitable, even if theres to make were deep seas. Persian as:tbnniearino wires no risk of loss while being laid acr oss Even with the short circuits in which th e Golf line is bei n g laid, Dr. Ess e l bach is taking out with him some beautiful instruments specially ma d e Wheatstone, Professor Thomp son 11 by Professorr. Jeeken, and others, in order to mitigate with them the influence of the electric wave in the conductor, which, to a certain extent, will interfere with rapi- dity and clearness of telegraphing, even along a wire where the longest unbroken submarine stretch is only 400 miles. The work of submerging this line writ. it is ex pected, commence about the end of next January. The wire will be laid from the sailing ships on which it is on board, towed by steamers lashed alongside. The mere work of sinking is not likely to take :note than a fortnight, but to land the three ends and make all the connections perfect may pro bably occupy a fortnight or so more. The weak point of the line is decidedly that which passes from the head of the Galf to Scutari—the land line. The first length up to Bagdad is acrossr the Arabs,acountr37 which may be said to be in possession of and a length, l fther omßagdad worsefor the to s o e c o e t u a p r ey, a i s , in nd th t e h i esecond hands d sof Turkish operators, who work only as as long Unless andasoften as it pleases them, and no m these stationsin Asia Eng lish operators are sent out to y uc t h o expect antiai- Minor th that, as i t great r l a e r a i t n e g x te a n n t g der p r o h v a i s d e o d f course h b e e o e v n e r l a n foreseen d ma and i t l h o a s against by Col. Stewart taking another land line from Bushire to Teheran, and from Teheran to Bag dad. This length, therefore, renders the line partly independent of the Arabs, though it leaves the evil of the Turks as rampant as ever. But to have some check on these latter also another land-tine is being set up from Teheran to Teflis, and from Teflis it will be in communication with the Russian lines. These routes, however, are really valuable only as auxiliaries, the great object to be arrived at being, of course, to get English operators along the Asia Minor route, as we have already succeeded in get ting English operators along the Persian routes from Bushire to Bagdad and Tans. A little diplo matic management at Constantinople would be suf ficient, one would think, to secure this slight favour, from which the Turks would reap as much benefit as ourselves in the quick transmission of messages and all the benefits in a pecuniary point of view. In a few days Col. Stewart leaves for Constanti nople, to see that their Asia Minor lines are all in good working order before starting overland for India to meet the cable ships at Bombay. Sir Chas. Bright and Mr. Latimer Clark, with the rest of the staff, will also start early next month to make all the arrangements for their responsibility of laying the wire. Most heartily do we wish Col. Stewart and his able engineers all the success to which their unwearied care so justly entitles them. New City Traffic Regiflations. Yesterday the magistrates of the City of Lyndon, with the Lord Mayor at their head, at a meeting at Guildhall, were engaged in considering a code of bylaws for the future regulation of the traffic within their jurisdiction, under the provisions of the Act of Parliament of last session, which applies ex clusively to the City, and which was passed at the express instance of the Court of Common Council. The Act empowers the Court of Aldermen to make from time to time such regulations for faci. litating the traffic as they may think necessary, and these are to apply to three principal subjects. First, ,hey may prescribe the routes to be followed and the particular streets or parts of streets to be used by omnibuses, cabs, and vans; secondly the height and width to which the heavier vehicles for the convey ance of merchandise using the streets of the city between nine in the morning and six in the even ing may be laden ; and, thirdly, the period of the day or night during which carts and waggons, wholly or partially laden with timber, metal, and the like, may be allowed to pass or be prohibited from passing. It is but due to the Aldermen to state that, alive to the pressing necessity of the mat ter, they have, with creditable alacrity, assumed the functions which the Act devolves upon them, having at their very first meeting after its passing taken steps for putting it in force. This was the more in cumbent upon them, inasmuch as fully two months must, according to the statute, elapse before any by laws they might propound could come into prac tical operation, for such bylaws are not to take ef f ect until, first, one month after their approval by one of her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, and again, until another month shall have followed a public notification of the intention to apply for that approval. Originally, a Court of Aldermen em powered a committee of their body to devise a code of regulations, with the assistance of the law officers of the corporation, and this they had under their consideration and eventually adopted yesterday. Of this document we now present a summary. The first and principal regulation makes it obliga tory upon the driver of every omnibus and cab going eastwards through St. Paul's. churchyard, the destination of which is London-bridge or any place beyond the bridge to pass along Cannon-street, and to taae the same route in making the reverse journey. The effect of this rule will be greatly to relieve the traffic of Cheapside and the narrow gorge of the Poultry. Again, between 9in the morning and 6 in the evening no one is to drive a vehicle through the streets so heavily laden as to require more than four horses to draw it, nor laden with merchandise to a greater height than 16ft. from the ground, or a greater width than 7fc. or the breadth between the outsides of the wheels of which shell be greater than 7ft., except a vehicle of such breadth shall have been in use before the 28th of July last. Between 6 in the morning and 10 at night the con ducting of any kind of locomotive propelled by steam, except a steam fire engine actually going to or returning from a fire, is strictly prohibited ; as is also the driving, between 9 in the morning and 6 in the evening, of any cart or waggon wholly or partially laden with timber or any other material exceeding 25ft. in length or Bft. bin. in breadth. No coale, beer, wine, or other liquid in casks, can veyed in carts, waggons, or vans, will be allowed to be delivered in 24 of the principal streets of the city between 9 &tea and 5 p.m—viz., Gracechurch-street, Biahopsgate-street -within, Threadneedle-street, Cornhill, Lombard -street, Leadenhall-street, Fen church-street, Tower-street, Eastcheap, Cannon street, King William-street, Upper or Lower Thames-street, Fleet-street, Ludgate•gill, Ludgate street, Newgate-street, ChFapside, Poultry, Gresham street, Princes-street, Lothbury, Throgmorton street, or Old Broad -street. The sale of vegetables, fruit, fish, or other articles carried upon any truck or vehicle is prohibited between 9 in the morning and 6 in the evening in the same streets, and on London and Blackfriars bridges. Every waggon, van, and the like is to be placed with its side Parallel with the foot pavement when being loaded or unloaded, cr stopped for any other purpose. U pwards of 700 principal places are in dicated at which in the whole 88 shoe-la!acks may p l y their calling. At by far the greater num ber of places , one snoeblack will be stationed, and in man 3' s. t wo; but at th e R oya l E xchange, b y t h e statue, there will be six, and in front of the General Pos t m i„i oner Qui of c e. St- Martin's-le-Grand, four. The ings or then umbernocre the public co nve nie the City Police is empowered for to alter or increase the stand number of shoeblaeles ber of standin g s a hoeblacks, so that the ',aces 30 7 not exceed 150, and the the principal regulations , in the wh o l e . Th ese are hibiting the ob s t ruction P f t t there are others pro and footways by persons with various enumerattrer goods or merchandise during rezticles for sale,or by der or incommode a free passage.ov t al, so as to hin of the bylaws, when sanctioned by the thes Act each State, may be enforced by penalties totecretary of 40s. for each of f ence, with the alternati ve exceedin g of a term of imprisonment. A po wer is conferred by the Act which the Alder men have not exercised—namely, to regulate the mode of distinguishing hackney cabs when empt y for hire. It s • and when actually plying says little for the acumen of the new Solicitor, who was mainly charged with preparing the bill, and as Deputy Remembrancer, with additional pay, watching it s progress through Parliament, that, while taking the little shoeblacks under his especial protection, a clause was not inserted empowering the Court of Aldermen to recognise the corps of Commissionaires , a useful and meritorious body of men with a dis tinct organisation and with many gua rantees for fidelity and good behaviour. In the city espe cially they are subjected daily to many inconveni ences and annoyances. Worthless and disreputable men 41 some cases copy their distinctive dress, with j us t $0 little varia t io nn oaf as to prove their ori f o e e l iete C ning and deceive casual observers. These people hang about the Bank of England, the Stock Ex_ change, and all the principal mercantile quarters of the city, and, sailing under false colour, , , oft en filch the emoluments which would otherwise fail t o 'olibtiodkis but none to the share of the real Commissionaires and of p r i va t e p o wer, in the regulations undersecoonusnidteernaatnire and n driveh messen gers of good repute. The City S o li c i tor has t o a m w m a y i s u s i n o a n c e e r r e o d f i t e l d sheoeea c prevent people obstructin g the thoroughfares who can only earn a living by assuming the good charac ter of others, and whose dress they adoptas a test of respectability. Possibly the Court h of Aldermen made eof sure, remedying if th I s e e t rv fi a a n d t. a We are have e omission of may y ir they do not lack the will but,ey the power, t . failing them, the Commissionaires may • still find a friend in Sir George Grey, the Home Secretary, who has the power tof altering and ap • proving. Naval and Military Intelligence. THE NAVY. VALETTA, Oct. 16.—There is very little naval and military news to report. Her Majesty's ship Revenge, 7 3 , bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral H, R. Yelverton, C. 8., Capt. the Hon. F. A. Foley, left port at noon on the 12th inst„ under steam and sail, for Toulon, to form part of the squadron which is to escort the King of the Greeks to Athens. The' Malacca, 17, screw corvette, Capt. G. J. Napier, which arrived hero on the 10th from Missolongbi, got under way on the 14th for Gibraltar, there to await orders which it is expected will send her to England. In quitting the dockyard creek she grounded on Fort St. Angelo point, but was got off in a few hours without damage. She left on the following day for her destination. The Trident, 3, iron paddlewheel sloop, Commander C. J. Balfour, proceeded yesterday morning, after the arrival of the Marseilles mail for Athens, with despatches for the Commander-in-Chief and a mail for the English squadron now in Greek waters. Her Majesty's ships at Malta are—the Hibernia, flagship of Rear-Admiral IL T. Austin, C.B. ; the Phoebe, 35; the Chanticleer, 17 ; the Psycho , 2; the Medina, surveying ship; and the Growler, tender. Major-General W. J. Ridley arrived here yesterday in the Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer Vectis from Marseilles, and assumed the com mand of the Ist Brigade in this garrison, in the place of Major-Gen. B. Wood, C.B. Capt. Bowden, Scots Fusilier Guards, aide-decamp to Gen. Ridley, also arrived in the same packet. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer Ellora, arrived this morning from Alexandria for Southampton. has on board 65 non-commissioned officers and men of the 6th Dragoons to give evidence in the case of Col. Crawley. The Vulture, paddle steamer, 1,190 tons, with 470-horse power engine, and fitted to carry six guns on her upper deck, left Portsmouth yesterday in tow of the Victor, steamtug, for the Thames. She has been purchased by a private firm in London from the Admiralty f or £4.500. Th e s ale of this vessel is one of the necessary consequences of the paddle being superseded by the screw and wood by iron in the con struction of our ships of war. The sale, although apparently made at an "alarming sacrifice," was in reality the only sensible course left for the Admiralty under the circum stances, and is one which it will be true economy to repeat until the whole of such use l ess s t oc k i s c l eare d o ut of our harbours, and the space th e y now occupy ren d ere d available for really serviceable s hip s . A s i t i s one sh i p t h e l es s crowds Portsmouth harbour, and an a ddi t i ona l pa i r o f moorings may by a little manag emen t b e a dd ed to those k ep t for the service of ships in commission. The Vulture was built at Pembrcke, from the designs of Sir W. Symonds, in 1543, and is therefore not a very old ship. If she is broken up by her new owners, the copper on her bottom, her metal fasten ings and fittings, with the timber of her hull, will cover her purchase-money from th e Ad m i ra l ty. This w ill leave her machinery as a net profit on t h e transaction, an d its value cannot be less than £lO,OOO. Ile Hornet and At a l an t a, h ired sailing trans port's, ar rived at Portsmouth y es t er d ay from the Thames , a nd were berthed alongside th e t ransport jetty of the dockyar d, where they were surveyed b y t h e military and medical au thorities of the garrison. Th e h eavy baggage of the 76th Regt. was afterwards shipp e d on b oard the two vessels. T h e re giment will arrive at P or t smouth this morning by special train from Aldershot and i mme di ately embark un d er the superin tendence of the Q uar t ermas ter-General's Department and the embarkation officer to the Hon. Council for:lndia, for conveyance to Mad ras . B oth vessels will sa il this evening or early to-morrow morning. The line-of-battle ship launch, which has been fitted by the steam facto r y d epartment of Portsmouth D oc kyard with a pair of small engines, driving two four-Lladed screws, realised on her recent preliminary trial at the measured mile in Stokes Bay a speed of 61 knots, and was found to possess the same power of turning upon her own centre that has been exhibited by l arger vessels in recen t trials of twin screws on the Tham es . A more comp l ete tr i a l of the boat's capabilities will be made shortly, By Admiralty circular, dated the 12th of October, it is directed that in fut ure " eng i neer b oys " i n the steam facto ries of her M a j es t y ' s dockyards shall be terme d "engineer . students." Candid a t es f or entry (by pu bli c competition) must be betwe en 15 an d 16 years of age. Examinations will be held i n J anuary and June, when t h e subjects and maximum number of marks for each will be as follows : Arithmetic, including vulgar and decimal fractions, square and cube roots, 250; orthography, 100; handwriting, 100; grammar and En g li s h compos i t i on, 200 ; geography, 100 ; translation o f F renc h i nto English, 10 0 ; Euclid, first six books, 200 ; a n d a l ge b ra, i nc l u di ng qua dratic equations, 200 ; th e t o t a l number being 1,250. Can didates passing will be selected for entry in the dockyards according to the number of their p ass i ng mar k s. F a ili n g to pass they will be allowed a second examination if not over age. The term of service is six years. The Dauntless steam frigate, Capt. J, B. Dickson, having completed the exchange of a portion of her armament at Spithead, sailed aga i n y es t er d ay morn i n g for her moorings in Southampton water. The screw steam corvette Pelorus, 21, Capt. Boys, which left Plymouth on Thursday last, the 15th inst., for the East Indies and China, put back yesterday morning, having been on fire in the Bay of Biscay. It appears that on Saturday last at 5 15 p.m., when she was 320 miles south west half west of the Lizard Point, the chief engineer, Mr James W. Steil, reported to the captain that the foremost starboard b o il er was re d- hot, and t h a t the felt over it was on fire. That part of the maindeck immediately contiguous was at once scuttled in two places, eo as to allow water to pas s on and b e hi n d th e boiler, and, a pl e ntiful supply being sent down from th e p umps an d b y b uc k e ts from over the side, the boiler w as comp l e t e l y coo l e d by 9 a.m. One of the stokers first discovered the accident by the smell from the burning felt. The crowns of the furnaces have dropped, and the boiler is so much injured that it must be removed. All the boats were lowered, and every other arrangement made for the safety of the crew, lest it should become neces. sary to abandon the Pelorus. During the fire a full-rigged ship was observed five miles distant on the port tack, outward bound. Three distress guns were fired, and rockets ani blue lights were exhibited, but with no response excepting from the report of a single gun. The stranger continued her course. It is supposed that she was a Federal ship, an d that she mi s t oo k the Pelorus for a C on federate ship of war. The Kingston valves of the corvette are damaged. She returned under canvas, but used steam when entering the Sound. On Sunday, at 5 a.m., she observed a large screw s teamship under all sail, h omewa rd bound, which signalis ed that her mac h inery was damaged; she appeared to be one of the mail ships on the Peninsular and Oriental line. The powder and shell will be at once removed from the Pelorus, and she will be placed in Keyham steamyard to receive the necessary repairs. The screw steam gunvessel Speedwell, 4, Commander Cottam, from Sheerness, arrived at Plymouth on Monday evening, and is now in the Sound receiving coal preparatory to her departure for the West Coast of Africa. Her Majesty's screw steam frigate Narcissus, Captain Joseph S. Bickford, had been appointed at the date of the last mail from the Cape to leave Simon's Bay shortly for a cruise, and Admiral Sir B. 'Walker was to hoist his flag on board the paddlewheel steam frigate Valorous, 16, Captain Charles C. Forsyth. The screw steam gunvessel Pengain, 5, Lieut. John G. G. Hardy, sailed from Simon's Bay on the 22d August for the Mozambique. The iron screw steam troopship Himalaya, from Portsmouth, with the 25th Re giment, arrived at Cape Town on the 281 of August, and sailed on tho sth of September for Ceylon. The screw steam corvette Eak, 21, Capt. John Hamilton, from Rio for Australia, arrived on the 4th of September, and sailed on the 12th, It was yesterday stated in Chatham Dockyard that Capt. E. G. Fanshawe, the superintendent of that establishment— who is the senior Captain for promotion to the active list of Rear-Admirals—will be retained as superintendent at Chatham until the completion of his five years' period of service in that capacity. This arrangement, although con trary to the recognised regulations, which would oblige him on promotion to flag rank to give up his present appoint ment, has, it is understood, been decided upon by the Ad miralty in consequence of the inconvenience which would be likely to ensue from any change occurring just now in the superintendence of the naval establishments at Chatham. Lieut. George Wm. Frederick Snell (eldest son of the late Commander George Snell, Royal Navy), has been ap pointed Captain in her Majesty's 38th Regiment, without purchase. The following appointments have been made at the Ad miralty :—Commander G. H. Parkin to the Falcon ; Lieut. G. R. Mansell to the Cornwallis ; Sydney Morgan Puddi combo, nominated to a naval cadetship ; John G. Shephard, paymaster, to the Falcon ; William E, P. Sear, a-sist.- p a ymaster, to th e Royal Adelaide; Walmisley A. Danger field, a ss i st. - PaYmaste r to the Rattlesnake, as supernume rhe J. V. P. Tho mpson, first-class as s i s t.- eng i neer , t o Cumber t Rattleslandnake; John. R. Wi ll i s, assist.-engineer, to the , as supernumerary ; Thomas C. Russell, clerk, to the Falco n; and Charle s H. Baker, clerk, to the Edgar. Full benefit of r educed duty obtained by - chasing Horniman's pu re Tea ; - very choice at 3s. 4d. an pur d 4s. "High Standard "at 4s. 4d. (formerly 48, Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported, Agents in every town supply if in packets, THE SON. LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 21, 1863, THR WAR IN NEW ZEALAND. on the New Zealand Examiner, Oct. 16, 1863) The Auckland papers received by this mail confirm the rumours circulated by one of the Nelson papers last month, and which we were inclined to discredit, respecting the rising of the natives in Waikato, and the districts in the Im mediate vicinity of Auckland. There is now no doubt what , ever that the natives are bent on mischief, and that they are determined to attempt--and they will succeed, as they have hitherto done, unless very summarily dealt with—deeds of daring before they give in. Their mode of warfare is most harassing to regular troops, and wantonly cruel to the peace fully disposed and industrious settlers. In an open plain they wou d stand no chance with European troops ; they are not yet acquainted with the modern science of war. But then, on the other hand, our soldiers, too, are at great disad vantages. They have been trained according to rules of mo dern refinement, and taught to fight with troops civilised like themselves. Of the savage mode of warfare the European soldiers are just ns ignorant as the Maories are of the civi lised. In dealing with New Zealanders, it is not science and attention to modern tactics that will secure victory su readily as dash, personal courage, and a wild hand-to-hand fight. This Gen. Cameron is beginning to understand,for he rushed upon a number of Waikatos, on the 17th July at Kohiroa ; gallantly attacked them 20 yards in advance of his own men, carried their rifle pits at the point of the bayonet, and the fellows who escaped out of their own traps were hunted with great loss beyond the Wangamarino river. All praise to Gen. Cameron for this brave deed! This is the only way in which we can expect to put an end to the war. But, courageous as Cameron unquestionably is, he is hampered by the routine of his profession and the stringent rules which it enjoins upon him. What is wanted is a guerilla chief like Garibaldi--who is not only his own general and commander in -chief, but his own governor and king also. Such a man, with a band of resolute followers, would very soon inspire the Maories with a salutary dread of the consequences of rising in rebellion against a race, v; ho are by nature as well as acquired rights, their superiors. What we have from the first main t:dned in this journal is now beginning to be recognised by the authorities at home and the settlers in the Colony, The rebellion must be reso lutely and promptly put down. Troops are being sent to the seat of war both from this country and India ; the colonists themselves are waking up to a manly sense of their duty. The militia are called out, and volunteers are teing armed. Asa proof that colonists are exerting themselves in a most energetic and praiseworthy manner to put down this re bellion, we may mention that appeals have been made, and with success,to Australia, New South Wales, and Tasmania for volunteers. It is expected that the Australian colonies will raise 5,000 men. The additional troops thus obtained, together with Sikhs from India, and the reinforcements from England, New Zealand will soon be studded with soldiers, and bristling with arms from one end of the island to the other. The inducements held out to the volunteers from the neighbouring colonies are also worthy of notice. The Now Zealand Government have sent Major Pitt to Victo ria with instructions to offer as daily pay, with clothing and rations, the following liberal wages : Captains, 14s 7d; lieutenants, 9s Gd; ensigns, 8s 3d; ser geants, 3s 6d ; corporals, 3s; privaces, 2s Gd. Each volun teer, after 3 years' service, and compliance with certain re sidential terms, is to receive a certifizate entitling him to one town allotment and one farm section. The farm sections are to be thus allotted—For a field officer, 400 acres —cap tain, 300 —surgeon, 250—subaltern, 200 —sergeant, 80—cor poral, 60—private, 50. Pensions for the wounded and widows of the killed arc also provided for. The result of this appeal has been a rush to the offices for enlistment, and it is nut improbable that GOO or 700 men may leave these shores to get a taste of actual warfare, As an additional proof of the all-absorbing nature of the war, we may also mention in a parenthesis, that the Auck land Weekly .A'aws has suspended publication, the greater portion of the working staff being engaged en military duty. Everything considered, therefore, there is no doubt that the work either of subjugation to British rule and the order of civilized life, will be effectually done now, or the end will be that the Maories will perish. If we have to hunt them like rabbits and shoot them like birds, one by one, we must persevere until the rebellion is at an end and order re-estab lishen. At an earlier stage of the outbreak we should not have felt ourselves justified in speaking in such emphatic terms as to the mode in which the natives must be sub dued; but now that the scene of the war is changed from Taranaki to the immediate vicinity of the capital of the colony it is high time shilly-shallying were abandoned for decisive, manly, and prompt action. The War District in New Zealand. wt heeyattempt, a reoccurring. w In order to th e b etter understanding of the stirring events words, r fdasr, the e sketchtrouble e districtouo confined dn to w hic the h south of the town. The country looking south from Auck land to Waikato may be described as a plain bounded on the west or right by a low range of bare hills dividing the Manukau lagoon from the sea, and on the east or left by very irregular hills, wooded, with patches of fern. The plain is not to be considered as a flat valley. It undulates, and has several extinct volcanic cones of small elevation scattered about it. The whole extent may be about 30 miles square, of which the lagoon of Manuk iu occupies some thing like 15 miles square on tho western side, and a belt of 10 or 12 miles of forest skirts the Waikato, which is the southern boundary of the plain and of the European terri tory. The main southern road heads the long navigable creeks of the lagoon, leaving Onehunga a few miles on the right, and passing through Otahuhu, Papakura, and Drury, in a south-easterly direction, nearly to the great bend of the Waikato. The river Waikato itself, rising in the heart of the island, runs most of its course to the north west, in a line bearing directly on Auckland, but about 30 miles south-east of that town it bends abruptly at a right angle, and flews some 25 miles S.W. till it reaches the ocean. At the great right angle bend the little stream of Maungatawhiri falls in on the east side, prolonging the southern boundary of the European territory towards the east. The country bordering the Waikato, and its branch, the Waipa, is open country, containing fern, flax, toi-toi grass, and scrub. Between the two main branches lies Ngarua wahia, the capital of Maoridow, 65 miles, as the crow flies, from the capital of the colony. Maungatawhiri is therefore nearly midway between the two capitals, and in direct line. No " engineering difficulty," as it is called, intervenes in the whole distance. The river passes through one abrupt range of above a thousand feet high, but it is a very narrow range, and there is not, iu the Nelson sense of the words, a gorge even at this spot. Vegetation is the great military obstacle, The forest (though under General Cameron its impenetrability has ceased to be talked of) is a great resource to a lightly equipped irregular foe, Extending in an unbroken line along the southern frontier of the settled district, and stretching on the eastern side towards Auckland, it furnishes a cover under which the scattered villages of the plain, if not the city itself, may be menaced, and a mere handful of natives, under its screen, have attached and inflicted loss on our brave and well armed soldiers, and committed half-a-dozen cold- blooded murders on peaceful settlers. The wooded hills on the east of the Auckland plain were pointed to by the natives two years ago as their stronghold in case of war. It must be un derstood then, that, at the time of the est 'lets of a fortnight back near Auckland, General Cameron's front was advanced beyond the European boundary, and beyond the forest. Ho had nothing but open land—fern land, that is to say-- between him and the centre of the country; and no ob stacles ex ce pt th e wan t o f roa d s, an d a f e w inconsiderable tributaries of the Waikato. W e are not, aware what forti fications the banks of th e W a ik a t o ma y possess—whether the large ear th wor k s a t R ang i riri have eve r been completed ( \ Vata - wata lies above the c a pital)—but the ground, gene rally, offers no i mpor t an t a d vantages aga inst a resolute in vader; and if th e new steamer proves eq ual to the naviga tion, as it is probable she will do, at least till summer dries up the stream, supplies may be carried inland in spite of the want of roads. General Cameron's real difficulty is the defence of the town and villages he loaves behind. Ngarua wahia, the Maori capital, offers no reprisals, and a large, weak, and wealthy frontier absorbs his force, and leaves little for forward movements. THE ALMS -HOUsE PUMP.—Titbull's Alms- Houses ar e i n t h e eas t of London, in a great highway, in a poor, busy, and thronged neighbourhood. Old iron and fried fish, cough drops and artificial flowers, boiled pigs' feet and household furniture that looks as if it were polished up with lip .salve, umbrellas full of vocal literature and saucers full of Rhell-fish in a green juice which I hope is natural to them when their health is good, garnish the paved side-ways as you go to Titbull's. I take the ground to have risen in those parts since Titbull's time, and you drop into his domain by three stone steps. So did I first drop into it, very nearly striking my brows against Titbull's pump. which stands with its back to the thoroughfare just inside the gate, and has a conceited air of reviewing Tit bull's pensioners. " And a worse one," said a virulent old man with a pitcher, there isn't nowhere. A harder one to work, nor a grudginer one to yield, there isn't nowhere 1" This old man wore a long coat, such as we see Hogarth's Chairmen represented with, and it was of that peculiar green-pea huo without the green, which seems to come of poverty. It had also that peculiar smell of cupboard which seems to come of poverty.. " Tho pump is rusty, per" haps,'' said I. "Not tt," said the old man, regarding it with undiluted virulence in his watery eye. "It never were fit to be termed a pump. That's what's the mattor with it." " Whose fault is that ?" said I. The old man, who had a working mouth which seemed to be trying to masticate his anger and to find that it was too hard anal there was too much of it, replied, " Them gentlemen." " What gentle men ?" " Maybe you're one of 'em ?" said the old man, suspiciously. " The trustees ?" " I wouldn't trust 'em myself," said the virulent old man. "If you mean the gentlemen who administer this place, no, I am not one of them ; nor have I ever so much as heard of them." " I wish /never heard of them," gasped the old man : "at my time of life—with the rheumatics —drawing water-- from that thing 1" Not to be deluded into calling it a pump, the old man gave it another virulent look, took up his pitcher, and carried it into a corner dwelling-house, shutting the door after him—Charles Dickens's last Uncom mercial, SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. POST.—The negotiations for an amicable settle ' men' of our differences with the Government of Japan having, as we anticipated, ended in failure, steps have been taken to enforce the reparation which was refused. We learn, from a telegram re ceived yesterday at the Foreign-office, and which we publish elsewhere, that the seaport town of Kayosima has been bombarded by our fleet, three of the batteries defending it silenced, and the town reduced to ruins. Three Japanese steamers are also reported to have been destroyed. The suc cess, however, appears to have been dearly pure chased on our part, two naval captains having been returned amongst the killed ; and, as the batteries aro said to nave been well served, the damage sustained by the fleet was doubtless not inconsiderable. With the particulars of the en gagement we are not yet made acquainted; but as on the second day of the attack the fleet is stated to have "stood out, engaging the whole of the batte ries," we may conclude that so far as their destruc tion was concerned the victory was not complete. It is certainly not pleasant to reflect that we are engaged in another of those petty wars which are from time to time forced upon us in the most dis tant regions a the globe. They are always unsatis factory, and nearly always profitless. But they are not the less inevitable. In the present instance we are making war less against the Japanese Sove reign than against one of his princes, and there is every reason to believe that the Tycoon would gladly have obtained for us the redress which we demanded had it been in his power. It is un doubtedly a great hardship that we should be ob liged, so to say, to regulate the internal affairs of an Eastern empire with which we are unconnected, and, in order to vindicate the rights of those British ' subjects who have settled in Japan, to mete out to offending Daimios that punishment which the native Government is too feeble to inflict. It is really with the Prince Satsuma that we are at war, and the town which has been destroyed is one in which he exercised undisputed sway. It was in his territory, and at his instigation, that the murder of Mr. Richardson took place some months since, and it was from him through the Imperial Government that reparation was demanded. For many weeks the English Envoy was led to believe that redress would be given, but the time which was by us lost in negotiation was turned to account by the Japa nese. Prince Satsuma knew that it was on his ter ritory that the threatened blow would fall, and made his preparations accordingly. The batteries, which are said to have been so well served, and which were still able to respond to the fire of the fleet when the latter withdrew, were most probably constructed, or at least placed in their late effective state, whilst diplomatic messages were being inter changed between our representative and theGovern meat of the Tycoon. It would be incorrect, however, to suppose that the powerful Daimio, whose town we have destroyed, stood alone. The traditional policy of excluding strangers from Japan is still respected by a numerous portion of the native princes, and Prince Satsuma is merely the represen tative of a class which we must either subdue or appease before we can hope to prosecute peaceably our commercial relations with Japan. The first thought which will occur to the minds of our readers will doubtless be, where will all this end ? In a naval war with the Japanese, or with such of the Daimios as thought proper to espouse the cause of Prince Satsuma, we should be able to inflict endless damage on shipping and seaport towns. But there our exploits would end. No place within reach of an Armstrong el- dis charged from the deck of a man-of-war . uuid be sate, but beyond cannon range of the coast line the Japanese and their towns would remain secure from molestation. The general principle that a central Government is responsible for the acts of every in dividual living within its territory, and nominally submissive to its authority, might possibly be en forced, and the town of Yeddo consigned to the fate of Kayosima if full redress were not given by the Tycoon. But it is doubtful whether even the threats of destroying their capital would influence the Daimios, and certainly even if carried into effect I would not conduce to the establishment of peaceful relations at a future time. But except with our fleet it is not easy to discover how we can inflict punish ment on the Japanese. If it should be deemed expedient to carry war into the interior of the Japanese islands, an expedition would be re quired of whose magnitude it is not easy to form an adequate notion. From the skill which the retainers of Prince Satsuma evinced in serving batteries, it is not improbable that the same skill would be mani fested in conducting operations against land forces. It is incontestable that the Daimios can, by co-ope ration, bring into the field most numerous and well appointed armies, and to subdue those armies it would be necessary for us to prosecute the war on a very extensive scale. Cui bono? the public will natu rally inquire. Thercply is, the necessity of protecting British interests in Japan. The Japanese for several centuries totally excluded foreigners from their em pire, and refuted to trade with the rest of the world. But some years since this rule was broken through in favour of the Americans, and subsequently in our own. Then followed the treaty which was concluded by Lord Elgin, and which, as was supposed at the time, established our commercial connection with Japan on a satisfactory basis. But that treaty, though entered into by the Tycoon, and approved of by many of the influential Daimios, excited the bitter resentment of the remainder. Then suc ceeded the long series of outrages on English resi dents in Japan which cultuinated in the attack on the British Embassy. No alternative was left to us but to demand reparation or discontinue pro tecting our interests in Japan, and therefore neces sitate the withdrawal of every British merchant. As the latter course obviously could not be adopted, the alternative was only nominal, and we were obliged to have recourse to force to secure com pliance with our demands. The punishment in flicted upon Prince Satsuma has been so signal and severe that when be and his brother Daimios see how little is to be gained and how much is to be lost by provoking our enmity, they will doubtless acknowledge the expediency of permitting English merchants to pursue their avocations in the cities of Japan unmolested by their savage retainers. If they will not now admit themselves convinced, we must only continue in our present course until we have carried conviction to their minds. HERALD.—The Conservative candidate have been defeated at Barnstaple by the slender majority of 16. The ups and downs of electioneering are such that we must be content to put up with an occasional disappointment of this sort. The election of Mr. Lloyd, if indeed that gentleman is to be left un molested in the enjoyment of his newly earned Honours, will be a small gain to the Government, and, as far as the Conservatives are concerned, is but a poor set off to the great triumph at Coventry, and the election at Tamworth and Reading of independent member; who are more likely to give trouble to Lord Palmerston's Government than even its avowed opponents. In three electioneering speeches of the past week, at Richmond, Plymouth, and Reading, we are struck by the attempts which are made by Government candidates to affect an in dependent tone. They are all Palmerstonian as voters, but as talkers they belong to the people. Even Sir Roundell Palmer, on Saturday, made a show of criticism with regard to the admitted home policy of the Whigs. It was necessary. It was even indispensable after that preposterous Pindaric in which he had just before extolled his leader and patron as the Michael Angelo, the Napoleon, the Seven Champions and the Nine Wonders combined, of European politics, But is it not pitiful at such a time as this to hear an English bar rister, elevated to the rank of Attorney General, assuring the country that it needs to be governed by " honest and experienced men ? 7 ' Who doubted it ? More than that—who ever doubted the "experience" of the Whig party ? What, how ever, from Sir Roundell Palmer's point of view, i s "honesty ?'' The electors of Richmond, in York shire, were told to believe that it meant Whi g patronage. Yet we learn, at an y rate, cheering news. "A body of men of p urer integrity and patriotism was never at t he h ead of affairi‘scr. Every. body must rejoice to hear it, although furd Hope, in one or two recent addressee, has com mented with damaging force upon the purity and Within patriotism by which Great Britain, the last few weeks, has been scandalised and disgraced. As to experience, men may have had too much of that; so that it was possibly rather mischie vous on the part of the new Attorney-General to remind his constituents that Lord Palmerston had become a ma ture statesman of the old Whig school before some of his colleagues in the Ad ministration were born. Upon the whole, nevertheless, the law officer of the Crown just restored to Parliament by the Yorkshire borough of Richmond appeared very grateful for the favour he had received—and de served—and disembosotned himself of much that might have been difficult for men of a weaker con• stitution to de c l are. l There never was, he said, a statesman who loved England as Lord Palmerston has loved her. We presume that,•in saying this, he does n o t h o l d the Premier irresponsible for the policy of his Foreign Secretary—so ep i lendidly, and, in a Rom an spirit, illustrated by the s nking of two junks, a n d the blowing in of a calico battery on the coast of Japan. Of course he does. He had his word of flattery for Lord Russell, his paren thesis of patronage for Lord Lyons, his culmina. tions of applause for Mr. Gladstone, and his not overdone postscript of approval for himself. So far the Attorney-General, next to the Lord Chancel lor the highest law officer of the British Crown. He has approved of his patrons, his colleagues, , and himself, and be had uttered no tangible opinion. That was at Richmond, in Yorkshire. At Plymouth, in Devonshire, the new Solicitor- General " sniffed a tainted breeze" of a different character. It was necessary, there, to he a little less reserved, and rather more popular ; so, as the Attorney-General had been all in favour, thrmighout the various speeches of the North, the Solicitor-General, in order to keep up the neutrality and impartiality of her Majesty's Government, was bound to be all in favour of the South. In delight ful dissonance with his learned colleage he declared that the North was not fightin for the abolition of affirms slavery ; he think s , or at least, that the South arc fighting for independence and the North for a centralising Union ; he appeals to six millions of people in New York habit of styling them rebels; but then, keeping in view his new appointment, he veers round, after admitting ae much as the Southerners could 'desire, and declares that Great Britain has preserved a perfect and unimpeachable neutrality. Where is the evidence? Mr. Collier is ready with it. " Both sides are offended with us." Now, we arc not to suppose that Mr. Collier believed what he was saying. Might no; the North be justly dissatisfied while the South was unrea sonably discontented ? " The South," continued Lord Palmerslon's new S o li c itor-General, " is great nation waging war." Bat he goes on, escap ing from the consequences of this admission, to urge that the Confederates must clear their terri tory of the Federal forces altogether before they can claim to be recognised as independent. We know not upon what basis the argument rests. Cer tainly not upon historical precedent. But, beyond doubt, Mr. Collier, in the unspotted robes of his virgin Solicitor-Generalship, thought it incum bent upon him, firstly, to echo the national senti ment with regard to the Southern States; secondly, to apologise for Ministerial defalcations in their diplomacy with America ; and, thirdly, to assume an independent part, and promise that justice should be done, though the heavens should fall. So far the Solictor-General. TIMES.—From the beginning of the American war: the Federal Government has shown itself equally anxious to inspire fear and goodwill among the English people. Under the impression that there existed among the politicians of this country a de sire to frecognise the seceded States at the first opportunity, if not to aid the establishment of their independence by force, the rulers at Washington have, by themselves or their emissaries, made use of two kinds of reasoning, and sought to appeal to two different instincts. One class of orators and writers will tell of nothing but the power of the Union, the speedy collapse of the insurreetion, and the final punishment which is to overtake all who refuse their sympathies to the North in the hour of trial. England is to be deterred from any hostile act by the fear of offending an irresistible nation, which its representatives declare to be even now kept with difficulty from resenting the insults we have offered. Mr. Seward's verbose despatches, Mr. Sumner's bitter invectives and misrepresenta tions, and generally the whole current of public speaking in America, are addressed to this object. But, at the same time, there have not been wanting men to work for the same purpose in a different manner. While those who take the defiant line have been exclaiming, " Only wait till our civil war is over," another class of persons have been intrusted with the task of friendly and fraternal expostula tion, and have endeavoured to bring public opinion in this country to their side by appeals to political, or religious, or philanthropic feeling. It need hardly be said that these attempts have failed. The Liberal party, identified as it is with the cause of ,popular government and negro emancipation, has not from its long list of eminent men given a single supporter to Mr. Lincoln's confiscations and con scriptions. But, rejected by the educated opinion of the country, the Federal emissaries think that they have still some chance of success with the well meaning but narrow-minded class which can see nothing in this war but a question of slavery against abolition. To enlist the feelings of the emancipationists on behalf of the Northern invasion and to exhibit England as approving the war by pointing to the sentiments that were uttered and cheered at crowded meetings, would be a triumph for a Federal orator, and we cannot wonder that we have had a number of them in succession playing the chief part at Abolitionist and philanthropic gatherings throughout the country. The most im portant of these gentlemen appears to be Mr. Henry Ward Beecher, who has been lectering at various pieces to a more or less discordant audience on the great question of the day, and who spoke at Exeter-hall last evening under the patronage of the Emancipation Society. Mr. Beecher comes from America with the best of all credentials as an orator. The sittings at his church are regularly put up to auction, and produced last year the sum of 18,549 dollars. That he is possessed of gifts of speech such as are appreciated highly across the ocean is evident from these figures ; but whether his oratory is suited to the colder Briton, accustomed to associate elevated sub jects with a chaste and decorous language, we are Inclined to doubt. Indeed, in his own coun try there are malevolent critics who object to his style and deride the taste of his congregation. From his late orations we are n ow a bl e to form an esti mate of his talents; and certainly in our judgment he is not the man to convert the British public to the Federal cause. Unless his speeches here are very unworthy samples of his genius, we must con clude that the r e li g i ous p o litician s of America are pretty much on a par in conception and language with the politicians proper, and that the pulpit is not more intellectually elevated than the stump. Last evening he made a summary of the arguments which, he tells us, he has used since he has been in this country, and added others which were to com plete the impression in his favour. Mr. Beecher's audience heard again the whole story of the politi cal conflicts which preceded secession, and were in formed that it was impossible for his Government to draw back from the work it had begun until the, devastation of the: South was complete. War d ' a d was justified the proclamation of M o r. in L a i i nz i l i n :d , ing entire o: d i i t h s e e lf territoryjustified o b f y t.h t h e e Union. necessity f we 811 temple de p l l i e ve o re f d A in ho th li e . ould have ex pectedtha and in this thetinth traditional addressetfirandalio Aboli tionism, metropolisiom,there would hav e b een something more original and more humane than is produced by the ordinary Federal politicians. But Mr. Beecher's address is but a repetition of what may have been read in the Federal newspapers anytime since the outbreak of the war. For instance, somebody had asked Mr. Beecher:why h e would not let the South go peaceably. " Oh, ' he answers, "if the Southerners would only go, we would furnish them with a free passage • but then we say, That terri tory which yon inhabit is ours, and we do not choose to have it wrested from us.' " This argu ment, which would exactly suit a Russian discours ing of Poland, or an Austrian official defending the tabula rasa in Hungary, is the most convincing that the speaker can find for a London audience brought together for alleged sympathy for human freedom. Again, the war which has already filled a eduffer coati ;tent with mourning is to be persisted i n th at a fie , gitious violation of the freedom of vot e may not l ie s to pass with impunity. In order to this a make the matter clearer to the English intelligence, group of American States, cont a i n i ng i millions of white p eo pl e, and extending SoLorrnseeavrelyn a million of squa re o f miles, is compa re d to t h e county of Ken t; an d t h e Exeter - hall audience are seriously asked whether they would suffer Kent to set up for itself as an independent kingdom on the southern coast. It need hardly be said that when a speaker who is conversant with his subject has no better and newer arguments than these to produce g is hly ev e i x d a e m nc i there any new elucidation that the questi on h as been n thoroughly examined d and we e s Ic not in likely o t r o a n r e y c e r i e v a e . soning from M • r. B eecher's lips which should induce us to sympathise with the objects for which his party are striving, lie makes great efforts to show that this is ast ruggle in which we and Europe gene rally are interested; but he involuntarily and un consciously returns from general interests to those Which are exclusively American and sectional. "Feel for us, applaud ns, pray for our success," such is his request to the English religious would, "for we desire to keep our large territory, we desire to increase the strength of the Federal Government, to put down the theory of States rights an danger ous to our nationality." Such is tine sum of his argument. What else, indeed. , can he say ? Can he, with the events of the lone before his eyes, pre tend that the prineinles of self-government, which make the safety of England, can be advanced by the subjection of a large population to military rule for an indefinite term ? Already the evil example of the Federal States is seen in the boldness with which the Russian Government in Poland braves the censure of the world. The recognition of the principle that we are to applaud the repression exer cised by established Governments on unwilling populations, on the ground that the territory belongs to the ruling Power, and that the only right the inhabitants have is to expatriate themselves, would be equally baneful in its effects on other parts of Europe. We leave out of account the arguments which Mr. Beecher both last night and at other times has addressed to our material interests. He told U 3 last night that division in America would tend to keep up armies which would be formidable to us. He told the people of Liverpool a few days since that when the South is conquered there will be a better market than ever .for our cottons. All this is en tirely useless for the purpose of obtaining the good will of the English public. All through this war our conduct has been regulated by a strict regard to law, and our sympathies by what we conceived to be the rights of the contending parties. We have acted and felt with as little selfishness as is possible to “ mition. History has proved—the history of many Quixotic and bootless wars—that there is no people less influenced by considerations of material gain and loss than our own. Mr. Beecher, if he learnt his history from American manuals, may be excused fo: not knowing this ; but it is true, never theless. Let him then avoid telling us what Nve are to get by applauding the invading armies of President Lincoln ; let him rather inform us why, in the name of justice, humanity, and common sense, we are to forsake the cause of peace and give our voices for the continuance of this wasting and endless contest. Another year is drawing to a close, another period of inactivity has to be passed through. During this lime the passions of the com batants may possibly grow cooler and give a chance of a settlement. Are we, just at this moment, when the war is again happily languishing, to goad on the Federals to ,another year's slaugh ter at the bidding of a clerical politician ? We think that there will be b u t one answer f rom the intelligent scciety of England. Those cheers which any fluent speaker on any side of a question can obtain will represent no opinion w or th y o f seri ous consideration by politicians. The mind of this country is made np ; in three years it has had time to fix itself so as to be wholly unchangeable; and the opinion of the nation is, that Mr. Bee c h er ' s section of the late Union is waging a war of in justice under the influence of an ambition with which the world in general has no reason to sympathise. HEALTH OF THE METROPOLIS. (-From the Registrar-General's Weekly _Return.) There were 1,205 deaths registered in London in the week that ended on Saturday. Of these 610 occurred under 20 years of age, 361 at 20 years and under 60, and 234 at 60 years and more advanced ages. In comparing the present results with those of previous weeks there is found to be a decrease in the deaths of young persons, but an increase in thuse of the aged part of the population. The average number of deaths in the ten corresponding weeks of 1853-62 (viz., the 42d in each of those years) be comes, after the omission of deaths from epidemic cholera in 1354, and with a correction for increase of population, 1,149. The present return, therefore, exhibits an excess o 56 over the corrected average. Twenty-nine cases of smallpox were returned, a number which shows little variation from the weekly results ob tained during the last two months. The mortality from smallpox is considerably reduced, but the disease still mani fests its presence in various districts over London, appa rently without attaching itself to any particular spot. The deaths from scarlatina were 114; they exhibit a de cline on the heavy returns of scarlatina in previous weeks. Fifteen deaths occurred in St Pancras, 8 in Islington, 5 in Limehouse, 4 in Bow, 4 in Kensington Town sub-district, As the weather grows colder bronchitis begins to be more fatal—there were 94 deaths from it in the week. A house painter, aged 56, died of colic° pictorum (lead colic). A horse-keeper died of delirium tremens, excited by a wound in his left thumb from a horse's tooth. Last week the births of 1,001 boys and 938 girls, in all 1,939 children, were registered in London, In the ten cor responding weeks of the years 1853 62 the average number (corrected) was 1,843. At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean height of the barometer in the week was 29 . 494 in. The reading fell to 29.16 in. on Tuesday, and rose to 29.95 in. on Satur day. The mean temperature of the air in the week was 53.8 deg., which is 3.6 deg. above the average of the same week in 43 years (as determined by Mr. Glaisher). The mean daily temperature was above the average throughout the week. The highest day temperature was 631 deg. on Wednesday. The lowest night temperature was 46.9 deg. on Saturday. The range of temperature in the week was therefore 16.8 deg. The mean daily range was 11'9 deg. The difference between the mean dew-point temperature and air temperature was s'l deg. The mean degree of humidity of the air was 84, complete saturation being re presented by 100, which point was actual attained on Thursday. The wind was in the south-east and south,- west throughout the week. The amount of rain was 0.29 in., which fell on five days. The mean of the highest tem perature of the water of the Thames was 56'5 deg. ; that of the lowest was 54.3 deg. COUNTRY MARKETS. ~.v1 LEE D S --TUESDAY. The market is a little more active for wheat to-day, and last Tuesday's rates are about maintained. Fine barley at fully last week's prices, but secondary sorts disposed of with difficulty. Oats and beans easier to purchase. LIVERPOOL-TUESDAY. At our market to-day there was a moderate attendance of the trade, but only a slow sale was experienced for wheat, at the currencies of last Tuesday. Best flour saleable at former rates, but inferior difficult to move and prices are irregular. Indian corn rather neglected, but prime mixed could not generally be bought under 28s. Beans 3d dearer. Oats at late rates, and the sale of oatmeal checked by the advance. MARKET HARBOROUGH—TUESDAY. White wheat, 40s to 44s ; red, 38s to 42s per 36 stone. Malting barley at 36s to 38s per qr.; grinding, 28s to 31s per 30 st. Oats, old, 26s to 30s; new, 223 to 25s per 24 st.; beans, 36s to 40s:per qr. SHEFFIELD —TUESDA Y. The supply of wheat in sack was small and the number of samples below the average. The attendance was thin. Fine wheat scarce, at the extreme rates of last week ; for inferior qualities a slow sale at 6d per load less money. Malting barley 6d to is per qr lower. Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial bushels 15s Od to 17s Od White » , l7s 6d to 19s Od New red lss 6d to 17s Od New white I , l7s Od to 18s Od » Beans ; : If lds Od to 17s 6d Peas, per qr. 40s Od to 44s Od Grinding barley, per qr. 30s Od to 32s Od Malting ditto, ~ 34s Od to 38s Od Oats If 228 Od to 24s Od Flour, is sd, is 7d, and is Od per 14 lb. MELTON MOWBRAY—TUESDAY. The following were the currencies :—New white wheat, 43s Od to 45s Od; new red, 37s Od to 42s per 36 stone; beans, 39s to 42s for old; new sorts, 36s to 38s per 38 st. ; barley, 36s to 38s for malting, and 29s to 3ls per qr. for grinding; new oats, 20s to 23s Od per 24 stone; old, 26s to 28s. CORK—TUESDAY. The following were the quotations this morning :.—Red wheat, 7s 3d to 9s,Od ; white, 8s Od to 9s Od , barley, 5s 3d to 8s Od ; oats, 5s Od. to 6s 4d ; black do., 3s 6d to 5s 4d ; bere, 6s. DUBLIN—TUESDAY. A small supply of wheat, but large of oats ; prices same as Friday last. Indian corn met some inquiry. Do., news. (I, s. d, s. d. s. d. Wheat, whit e ,. 23 0 t025 6 Beans.. —oto 0 Do., r e d...... 20 o to 23 4 :0 Bere Barley ...... 12'6 to 13 0 O a t mea l ll 6 to 13 0 .... oto 0 Rapeseed Oats •. •....... . 9 4 6 to 11 0 Bakers' flour Do,, black.... —oto 0 Indian corn Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton. ..Oct. 19. via Marseilles .. Nov. 12. Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. Nov. 4. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena.. Oct. 29. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton.o*t. 19. via Marseilles ...Oct. 2 7. Falkland Islands ... . Gibraltar, via Southampton Oct. 19. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Oct. 26. - . via Marseilles Oct. 27. India (Bombay), via Southampton .. 0ct. 1 26 via Marseilles Oct. 21. Portugal Nov. 4. Malta, Egypt, and Aden, v i a S ou th amp t on Oct. 19. via Marseilles Oct. 21. Newfoundland ..Oct. 28. Oporto and Vigo . .............. U. S. and British N. America, bbyy Bur.ist..ppaaccitkeett.... ....Oct. 22. by Canadian packet. Oct, 23. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe .......... Nov. 10. Bahamas, via New York ...................... Ost. 22, Mexico .............. All parts of 'West Indies, in c l u di ng Chili, Peru, Oct. 29. California. and Briti s h C olumbia., 1 Oct. 29. Births. AYL D, VARD A .—OR the 19 th inst., atWi nc h ester , H ants, Mrs , B. ylward, of a son. BuxToN.—On the 17th inst., at Ham Muse, 'Upton, the wife of E. N. Buxton, Esq., of a daughter. CONYERS.—On the 18th inst., at Wellesbourne, Warwick, the Lady Conyers, of a daughter. SomEnviLL.--On the ]9th at Somerville, Navan, the wife of Sir William Somerville, Bart., of a daughter, Marriage% BAILEY.—WILDE.—On the 20th inst.. at Saint George's, Bloomsbury, Charles Fred, Bailey, Esq., of 5, Strattor.d place, London, and Lee, Jeannette, eldest daughter of Charles Norris Wilde, Esq., and the lion. Mrs. C. N. Wilde, of 17, Russell-square. DERING Lynton, North Devon, to Emily Paddington, Henry Nevill second son of Sir Edward C. Bering, Bart., M.P., H ' .l%l.'s Secretary of Legation at . —UNDEI ""ob•—On the 20th inst., at St,Jamea's, Borne, to Rosa, daughter of JoF,eph Underwood, Esq.," 5, Hyde -park-gardens. Deatht3. ANsTRI/TRtn.--On the 18th i nt i t ., at Balcaskie, rifeshire, Sir Ralph Abercrombie Anstr tither, Bart., aged 59. Asiource—On the 18th inst. , at Lower Gannicox House r near Stroud, HenryAshmaJ, Esq , formerly of Long" acre, aged 74. DAvfs.—On the 17th inst., at 13,Chatham-plArce,HaekneYr Edward Davis, Esq., aged 65. FORBES.—On the 19th ir sit., at 23, Clifton.tr,rove, Al.ylunr road, George Forbes, Esq., aged 69. GRANT.—On the 18th /met., William Fortkvith Grant, Esq'' of Ecclesgreig, Montrose, N.B. LANGSTON,—On the 19th inst., at Sargdo n, Jas. Hangton Langston, Esq., M,P., aged 68. London : Primed and rub:itched by WILT 4 ANDRE 7S " . ' of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TuE s ty N office NO. Strand, in the Precinct o f the 3av 07, the CoutitY 0 ' 4lLldlepe.7-7Wedheodity, Octob er 21 ~ ibe • a