The Sun. — London, England, 1863-09-01 00:00:00

TIE F CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA, (From tie Special Correspondent of the Times.) ALBANY, NEW YORK, Aug. 17. Those c rf Columbus's contemporaries who disbe lieved the .existence of a Western Hemisphere, be cause they thought that anything that went beyond the rim of the horison must needs fall topsy-turvy, were not, : after all, so far wrong in their apprehen sions as ac c'.ence and experience would make them. The sun rises in New York only five hours later than in London , yet many of the most firmly established notions an ci principles of the Old World are as tho roughly rversed in the New as if men here stood on their h. cads. if Europe, for instance, had learnt anything at its great cost, if there was a point settled beyond all dispute among us, it was this— that war vas a great evil, the bane of a nation's prosperity, as fatal to the conqueror as to the van quished, even if the former had the luck and skill to bring back its heaviest charges to weigh on the latter, even if he contrived to "make the war feed the war." s , Well, Sir!" among these 'cute classes of Yankee land the notion of the old doting wor d is exploded ; America--the Northern "Division of the Union" at least—contrives to fatten on war; she thrives like Mithridates on poison, and plucks the jewel out of thu head of the ugly toad. There is nothing my friends seems so anxious to impress on me here as the boundless extent of well-being accruing to this already so prosperous community from the last two or three years of civil commotion. The facts speak already eloquently enough to the eyes ; but they are eager to convince me that this is no mere gloss on the surface ; that the well-being spreads every where as far as the country itself; that it sinks deeply from the highest to the lowest ranks of society. It is precisely with a view to test the correctness of their assertions, to study the causes of this alleged phenomenon, that, after tarrying for a month among the Atlantic cities, I have now fairly turned my back upon the coast, and resolved upon a trip through the inland regions, with a particular tendency towards the Western States. The Government at Washington has raised an army of 1,000,000 or 1,250,000 combatants. It is the host of Xerxes in vastness no less than in ineffi ciency ; it has been got up in such a hurry, and with so little knowledge and judgment, with so reckless and wilful a waste, as to cost three times es much as it would have done in France, in Austria, or Russia. A Frerch fellow traveller of mine once told me that he was fond of anything "qui fait rouler les ecus." No human enterprise, certainly, could have set the dollars a-going more briskly then this gigantic armament. Money runs in the gutter like dirt here, and it is held in no greater estimation—in sober earnest, it is nothing but dirt. A lady of my acquaintance, accustomed to deal with old curiosity mongers in the Ghetto at Rome, used to tell me that it was not merely the large sum as expressed in mere words or figures that tempted the cupidity of the peddling Jew ; it was thu same sum held out to him in bright burning gold that exercised irresistible fascination; it dazzled and bewildered the miser; it paralysed his higgling faculties, it took him by storm. Now, such a charm can certainly not reside in green backs. American money is not fit to be touched otherwise than with a pair of tongs. The very omnibus driver who hands you your few cents change seems to loathe the crumpled bits of dingy paper that soil his unwashed p aw , g l a d to be rid of them on any terms. The "almighty dollar" is too foul a god even for the most grovelling worshipper to bow to; people lavish it about with the heedless ness of gamblers playing with mere counters, as if only half aware of the conventional value attached to the dross. The millions of millions set in circula tion by the war aro there, however; every one helps himself who has a mind to a share of them; and, little as it may seem prob a bl e , even t hi s di rty paper, th i s fictitious wealth, may be realised into fine houses, sumptuous feasts, glittering equipages, every variety of comfort and luxury. A littie Corsican, the keeper of a small eating-house on the wrong side of Pennsylvania-avenue, in Washington, told me that he was two years ago driven to the resolution of shutting up shop from sheer lack of custom, and be taking himself to New York, there to hire himself out as a 'waiter, when, by the advice of a weather wise friend, he was induced to have better hopes for the futul!e. He stuck to the shop, and the war so enlivened his business that in two years he has netted and sent home safe to Ajaccio no less a sum than 100,000 f.—an independent fortune in his own native island. The landlord of the Maison Doree, an establishment of the same kind, but on a larger scale, in Union-square, in New York, reckons his earnings in dollars instead of francs. Extend this measure to all the hotels, railway companies, to every branch of industry, and you will conceive how consumption has multiplied itself throughout the country ; the very bOok trade, I am informed on the best authority, has enlarged its operations in the same measure as it has raised its prices. Good times have come for people of all classes ; so much money, I am told, at no time within men's memory was paid into the New York Savings Banks. Never was there so much business done towards the extinction of private debt and the redemption of property from mortgage. There are good pickings for great and small ; the ill-wind blows everybody good; and the raisers of that wind, the mighty contractors, the " shoddy " gentlemen, against whom you hear so loud an outcry, are crimi nals who can turn upon a large mass of their fellow citizens as sharers of their guilt ; the difference lies between thieves and receivers of stolen goods. The prices of the most common-place commodities are something appalling. A thimbleful of cognac brandy after your coffee at dinner is charged 25c.; wine at less than 3 dols. is undrinkable; a pair of shoes for a working man is not to be had in all Albany for leas than 6 dols.; the garden labourer, who was satisfied with 10s. a day (New York currency) two years ago,has had his wages raised to 15s. ; every thing in proportion. Money is dirt—as freely squandered as it is easily got. Reckless extrava gance keeps pace with frantic covetousness—with ruthless? extortion. Are not high prices and high wages symptoms of a country's well-being ? Many of my friends here think so, and when asked whether the supply of labour keeps pace with the demand, they answer "that the hands are scarce, truly, but not so much Bo as to produce any slack or stagnation in business." This pleasant city of Albany, I am told, furnished to th e war a contingent of 3,000 volunteers, out of a population of 62,367 souls. The State of New York,with a population of 3,851,563, put no less than 250,000 men under arms. But these were not at first the sort of people who would be greatly missed in th e community-. A good many of them were the r oughs, the rowdies, the loafer; whose enlistment eves looked upon as a good riddance by their fellow citizens. One of the regiments of New York City was named t o me, "admission to whose ranks could not be obtained by any one who had not been at least twice co mmitted to the State pri sons," The Governor of N ew York, Mr. Seymour, has given out no less than 5,00 0 commissions for offic3rs since last January. Even most of the officers were membern of a society that could bo well spared. The Northern Army is w asted away by death, sickness, and desertion, at the rate of no less than 50 per cent. The "Excelsior Brigade,"a corps which set out with 4,000 men strong, is now redu ce d to something like one-fourth its original numbers. With an army raised upon such unenviable quali• fieations, conducted upon such loose and lavish principles, it is no wonder it thinking men begin to tire of the war, and look for ward to its contieua tion with gloomy forebodings. The (ley or reckon ing must come, and there are many who think it high time that it should come. The enthusiasm of the nation has cooled down at as rapid a rate as it boiled up at the outset ; volunteering is out of the qneetion, and the conscription is set down as a blunder even by the stanchest supporters of the Government. There is an end now of monster :i;:ga, glowing war-speeches, cheers, patriotic processions of flags. All rational hopes of a tappy termination of the struggle have been dashed to the grcuncl by the extreme measures of a universal confiscation and extermination of the South, contemplated, end partly adopted, by the ton. There ar e , ,indeed Cabiul:t at Washing no symp totns of violent opposition apparent anywhere ; but the atrength of the people here lies in th e zi s inertia, and the mere supineness of the masses, the collapse of public excitement, is sufficient to paralyse the efforts of the Central Administration. People are here quietly waiting for the inevitable day ofreckon ing. The first call to arms was pretty generally, yet unequally responded to. Men and money were everywhere forthcoming., but there were towns and States which outran their neighbours in the race of patriotic sacrifices. The tribute of blood and trea sure was paid by the North-East with more cheer ful readiness than by the more thrifty and sluggish West. New York alone contributed more than 30,000 men above its quota. The day of reckoning must come, accounts must be squared, and the West will have to be distrained for arrears. The burden will fall all the heavier on the 'Western States, as they have comparatively little or no share in the artificial prosperity created by the war movement in these Atlantic communities. Now, there are sen sible persons in America who think that the very soul and heart of the Union lies in the vast and fer tile valleys of the Mississippi and its tributaries. The seaports on the border have narrow and com paratively barren territories; they lie at a distance from one another, they were colonised by men of different classes ; actuated by different views and interests, marked by different characteristics. The intercourse between them was at no time very brisk; their communications are, even at the present day, indirect and imperfect. Had the 13 original States been for ever confined to their narrow margin be tween the sea and the mountains, they would hardly ever have been blended into one people. The Bos ton Puritan would not readily coalesce with the Ca valierw s h for o f a Virginia; ny e r y the l Carolinaose amalgamation planter the motley, bustling set of New York the ork differenttraders. a iclrtses only west of the Alleghanies that of original settlers joined hands.whlicthiflw by a s o only in that vast table land, the waters of hun dred channels into the main streams of the Missis sippi and the Sr. Lawrence that the American cha racter was formed, that the Anglo-Saxon race, with all the tribes it absorbed, found a common home, and shared a common heritage. The Atlantic States, from Maine to Georgia, aro no more to the vast inland continent than the narrow slip of Liguria, the bare and sterile Riviera is to the broad rich plain, to the vast concentric watercourses of the valley of the Po, the lands of Piedmont, the YEmilia, and Lombardy. The West is the arbiter of American destinies; it is the " master of the situation ;" and the West, I am told, never was very eager or sanguine about a war which, after all, had its hidden causes in the rival aspirations of the different marginal States, in their eager suit for the favour and custom of the West. The seaports of the Atlantic had ail of them an eye to the trade of the Western regions, It is not many years since South Carolina strove hard to come in for its own share of that trade by the great efforts it under went to open railways from Savannah and Charles ton to the cities of Tennessee and Kentucky. The results of that enterprise were less splendid than its projectors anticipated; and hence some of that ill blood between South and North which had long been festering in the endless squabbles about slavery, and which came at last to a head owing to the conflict of political parties at the last general election. Anti pathies of political institutions furnish little more than the pretext—electoral changes supply little more than the signal for hostilities—but the real source of enmity is to be sought in the collision of material interests. A glance at the map of this con- inent will easily satisfy the beholder that the na- coral outlets of what is, or rather was, called the " Far West," must be traced either through the Mississippi, or in the low.; chain of lakes emptying themselves in the St. Law7ence, or else, finally, in in the narrow gap between the Alleghanies and the Green and White Mountains of New England, through which this noblest of rivers, the Hudson, flows down to the harbour of New York. All and each of the Atlantic cities have long and vainly been striving against this irresistible necessity of the geographical position of their continent ; hence must all their differences be referred to the arbitrament of that great West, to whose wants they are all anxious to minister, whose wealth is their wealth, and whose strength is their strength. Should the West, and I am told, and as I am now about to ascertain by personal oh tervation, be weary of the war; should its material interests be so virtually bound up with those of the South, that the interruptiou of its free intercourse with it must become intolerable, it is clear that the 1 Central States will put an end to the war, no matter on what terms, or with what results. The West is a vast granary, a boundless cornfield. It has for a long time found it impossible to dispose of its pro duce otherwise than by selling it in the South, and converting it into cotton, thus effecting its sale in the Eastern American and in the European mar kets. It is not only an outlet for its corn, for its pork, &c., that the West must have in the South ; it must have a vast market there, in produce of a different nature fromits an extensivedis o tr w m u t p ri r c o h .. duce, a market where its own produce may either be consumed o r p us h e d fu r ther, after an opportune assimilation and transformation. Such are the views entertained about this momen tous American question, as they have been ex pounded by some of the leaders of the Democratic party to me here, on the threshold of the great Western or Central region which I am now about to explore, and in which I shall, I hope, have fair op portunities t o t es t t h e correctness of the i r theories. These gentlemen profess themselves eager for peace, and they think that the South should be com pounded with on terms which might allow it to live. They do not think the total and sudden aboli tion of slavery a feasible or even a plausible scheme; they feel sure it would lead to the extinction of the black no less than of the white Southern race. "The negro," th e y say , " Dies out, and his race withers and decays while in a state of freedo m i n the midst of superior numbers of the whites. In New York the negroes increased from 25 978 in 1790 to 39,367 i n 1820, when slavery was abolished. ' Up to 1840 they increased to 5 0,000. From th a t ti me t o 1860 t h ey have fallen off t o 49,000 notwithstanding the additions to their numbers by manumi ss i ons and escapes. At the end of 40 years of this kind of emancipation their numbers were less than at the end of 20 years. In Boston, during a period of five years, the death s o f the negroes exceeded their births two to one. In Philadelphia the result is the same. In the whole Union the in crease of f ree blacks, including the additions by manumissions and e scapes, in ten years, is only about 12 per cent., while th e natural increase of the slaves is equal to that of the more favoured nations, irrespective of emancipation, and greater th an t h at of any country in Europe, and this in spite of the 20,000 m anumissions which aro believed to have taken place during the last two years They add that the number of Africans bro ug h t over to this country was only about 300,000. To-day they number more than 4,500,000, slave and free. The number of sl aves car ried from Africa to the British Antilles f rom 1680 t o ITh 6 was Those islands at this time have o n l y 1 0 , f 48 th 30. a ,O t O nu number of blacks and mulattoes,' one-third In sight of these grave and melancholy facts, these Democrats shrink from a sweeping measure which would only aggravate the misery o f t h e African race. They think that " The negroes should be separated from the whites, and gradually carried to the South, where they could show such capacities as they may have to sustain themselves. Before the war this process of segregation and concentration was rapidly going on, slavery was being removed from the Border States of Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Missouri, to those lower Mississippi regions which might have become for them the safest and most genial home, and the removal was being effected without expense, in a way that promoted the commerce and arts of the worli, and gave wealth and prosperity to the would lathered Whole country. Tied this proce ss b een un di stur b e d, n a few years this rac e , remove d f rom t h e Wiie.ri g ieil en i the cxt urijority , o r t tm m e r Southhitemoiri Wmd have be, i t ofa at such superior numbers as to save them from the depressing sense of, bear in g a g d espised colour." There may be not a little tof 1 the slavatold ar er's speciousness of guru specalatinns. Bat that the s c h eme "in these Deteß-lratie caifiteation and exterrninatia of the general Cabinet at Wishingt on is Ott . least by the as chimerical, and by far more inhuman, th ere Ca • n be no manner of doubt. i be accom plished etibrushes, The illumination of coal mines mightsureyo power is by the magnet. The development daily increasing, one instance is Herring's magne t t s i &c. Dr. Hassall remarks " I regard th em perfect bruFlies hitherto made, as respects their mechanical construction construction and their rnagmetical action." They arc the eal remedy for grey hair, neuralgia, rheumatism, ,v,e. isi.B . Counterfeits are beleg made. Offi;:es, 32, ilasinghall-street, L QLtiVil. THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION. THE NEGRO. Dr. JAMES HUNT read a paper " On the Physical and Mental Character of the Nego." The paper generally treated of the anatomical and physiological differences between the negro and European races. The general deductions drawn were-Ist. That there is as good reason for classifying the negro as a distinct species from the European, as there i s for making the ass a distinct species from the zebra. 2d. That the negro is inferior intellectually to the European. 3d. That the analogies are far more numerous between the negro and apes, than between the European and apes. No man who thoroughly investigates with an unbiassed mind, can doubt that the negro belongs to a distinct type of m ofan to the European. Thi s wor d species,state in the present science, is not sati s f a ctory; but we may safely say that there is in the n e gro that assemblage of evidence which would, ipso facto, induce an unbiassed observer to make the European and negro two distinct types of man. My second and third proposition must be equally patent to all who have examined the fac a. We must for the pre sent leave apart all questions cf the origin of the negro, and simply take him as he exists, and not as poets or fanatics paint him. We shall then learn that it is only by observa tion and experiment that we can determine the exact place in nature which the negro race should hold, and that it is both absurd and chimerical to attempt to put him in any other. Mr. GALTON said that the case was briefly this : Among the negroes of Africa there were more frequent in stances of an abject and superstitious character, combined with brutal behaviour, than could be paralleled elsewhere in the world. It was a wonder that people like those of Dahomey could mould themselves into any form of society at all, and it was actually found that when the chief of such a tribe died it disintegrated and rapidly disappeared. In short, the tribes of Africa were remarkable for their rapid formation and short continuance. Many of their chiefs were of alien descent, and it was remarkable how their greatest kingdoms had been ruled by Tewareks—men with Arab blood —or, as Captain Speke now informed us, by straight•haired Whamas. How did it happen, then, that so degraded a people could furnish men capable of constructing nations out of the loosest materials ? The question once stated was almost its own reply. The negro, though on the av::rage extremely base, was by no means a member of a race lying at a dead level. Oa the contrary, it had the ca pacity of frequently producing able men capable of taking an equal position with Europeans. The fact of a race being distinguished by the diversity of its members, was well known to ethnologists. There were black and red sub-divi sions of many North African races, and the contrast be tween the well-fed and ill-fed classes of the same tribe of negroes was often such as to amount apparently to a spe cific difference. Mr. CRAFT, who was received with cheers, said that though he was not of pure African descent, he was black enough to attempt to say a few words in reference to the paper which had just been read. While Dr. Hunt was reading it a fable occurred to him which he would, with the permission of the audience, repeat. A lion and a man were walking together along the road, and disputing as to which of the two could claim to belong to the superior race. By and bye they came to a public-house, the sign of which was a lion violently held down by a man. The man triumphantly pointed to this in confirmation of his superiority, but the lion sagely inquired who painted the picture. With regard to the origin of the negro, he for one believed that black and white men were all descended from a common parent. Many scientific gentlemen present 'would probably dispute that ;. but at any rate, supposing Ad am t o h ave b een t h e f oun der of a race of men, white men had no stronger claim to him as their father than black men, as it was admitted that owing to the climate in which he commenced his existence, he could have been neither blacknor white, but copper coloured. (Laughter.) As Africans w e r e ver y d ar k, an d the inhabi tants of Northern Europe very fair, and as, moreover, the nations of Southern Europe were much darker than those of Northern Europe, it was perfectly fair to suppose that climate had a tendency to bleach as well as to blacken. (Hear.) The thickness of the skull of the negro had been wisely arranged by Providence to defend the brain from the tropical climate in which he lived. If God had not given them thick skulls their brains would probably have become very much like those of many scientific gentlemen of the present day. (Laughter.) The woolly hair was not consi dered by Africans as a mark of inferiority, though some of them shaved it off, but it also answered the purpose of de fending the head from the sun. With regard to his not being a true African—his grandmother and grandfather were both of pure negro blood. His grandfather was a chief of the West Coast; but through the treachery of some white men, who doubtless thought themselves greatly his supe riors, he was kidnapped and taken to America, where ho (Mr. Craft) was born. He had recently been to Africa,. on a visit to the King of Dahomey. He found there consicier able diversities even among the Africans themselves. Those of Sierra Leone had prominent, almost Jewish features. Their heels were quite as short, on the whole, as those of any other race, and upon the whole they were well formed. Persons who had any knowledge of Africans knew that when they enjoyed advantages, they were capable of making good use of them. He might refer to the instance of the little girl brought to this country by Captain Forbes. This child was presented to the Queen, who had her carefully educated. When she grew up she mingled in good society, and interested every one by her proficiency in music, and recently she had been married to a commercial gentleman of colour at Lagos. Another case was mentioned by Mr. Chambers in one of his works, and another case was that of Mr. Crother, who was well known to many gentlemen in this country. One word with re ference to the ancient Britons. When Julius Caitar came to this country, he said of the natives that they were such stupid people that they were not fit to make slaves of in sniv E ( Hte n. development.rgneyghacl rert i s a,sb h .phe m i edsaA e ai rp n lis. rfowthgooholrlifteatnhsteaoes‘g agricultural ie e sohieg y ne:srt n nlhoetm o duovn w alrlvoaadte w toleeveb e esid r lerlia e io, Rome. (Lau g h ter .) It h a d ta k en a long time to make wonderful etnsethhosiiutisanhnsmget country elo an urentmenchuttaiiumnrudyag stance of ind e p en d ence of character and intellectual power on the pa r t o f t h e negro, and contended that in made tnHdheoeeg chance ha was sn e m d os eoeprioorufsyi discussingpttir that n avt whichng scientificwh a nba'iwnyogaputnpriearodrreadov'ersvgecsadrft ,nueistrtatsahnhgaii therefore , h a steuhwbao subject eld s cv forced oesratcrhreneadaet toreally y occupy l g o a f v d e i him n America the o m ou en ld sh p o ro u v ld e w of as n b t o e benefit to m an ki n d . He spoke with great deference to their opinions, but, for his own part, firmly agreed with Cowper, that Fleecy locks and black complexion Cannot alter nature's claim; Skins may differ, but affection Dwalls in white and black the same, (Loud and prolonged applause.) The Rev. H. B. Titzs'Num said he had been a chaplain for several years in a mixed school for blacks and whites in one of the West Indian islands, and could testify that the children of free negroes who were engaged in honourable occupations were invariably more intelligent than the chil dren of slaves, Mr. CARTER BLARE said that he agreed substantially with the author of the paper upon the anatomical evidence which he had brought forward with regard to the negro race. Mr. Craft had stated that the heels of the negro were not longer than those of Europeans, but that was contrary to the testimony of anatomists. He contended that in nearly every instance of a negro attaining intellectual eminence it had been ascertained that there was an admixture of Euro pean blood in his veins. Mr. TRISTRAM said he knew Mr. Crother and all the particulars of his history, and could testify to his pure African descent. Mr. CARTER BLAKE said that the evidence of the pater nity of full blooded African negroes in contact with Euro peans was rather difficult to ascertain. Anatomists had ascertained that there were wide differences in the structure of the negro and European, and specified some instances of such diversity. In conclusion, he expressed his opinion that, till Mr. Craft could rail away the seal which nature had impressed on the physical character of the negro, his breath was all but spent in vain when he contended for the equality of the African European races. Sir E. BELCHER said that he had spent nearly all his life among the Atricans, and believed that, when properly edu cated, they could be as true, as faithful, and as sound hearted as Englishmen. (Cheers.) The gallant admiral mentioned several instances which he had met with in his travels of remarkable intelligence in the negro, and scouted the idea that he was naturally, either physically or rat:s tall', of interior capacity to other human races. (Cheers.) Professor WILSON' claimed for the author of the paper atsnalnediigirethett on ceoiomsnegentleruen who support e d hi m , th e cr e dit of being influenced b y a desire to search out facts which could throw a h h uht h sei e od i ni l e p r oi t a e n : t nas s s u i dv b ee j rr e sy c b t ilm u y n p d for e rot r ma d n i t s t c tho hm u e ss a i ovineu sufficient o . s A o o the f data before forming a theory, and he thought that Sir Charles Lyell and others,who contended that the intellectual progress of the negro stopped at the age of fourteen, had fallen into the error which a person who went into a wa,rk house among the most degraded and wretched of its occu pants to find intellectual culture and capacity. The fact and in addition to u ( t i t) , ed drawback,sud Oyppretospsleed waa that very few, if any, black children had any oppor tunity of pursuing their education r a h f e t y er h t a h ae age of m fourteen, tsfortune hadela class, enough to belong which was crushed and held down in the social world, The wonder two.a':intalkm:;'hnt.3‘i.rf)festchse:),:ci übilifoolrttountatetreptire knowledge sufficient to cnablo them to carve a way for therne,Aves through life as not many of them did. (Cheers.) The English cha racter was made up of many elements; but a few hundred years ago the inhabitants of this island were cruel, unlet stuerbejdeCted to c practical erpeople.certain influences ;'1 e n h put eA under n good glo. s n provedtlrxaoiningan n e a a P t ; 4 %Te l e e r o t e f rg r e y m o a f r li k i L s ib c P' h a ( r i a e c y t e e l r o . l) ment, The servable in some tribes of the present day, such as the New s o a l m vi e ng. qu c a h li i t e y fly wa to s o th b e - Zealander, and it was not wise therefore to argue as though the absence of combination denoted a natural and primary inferiority of race. (Hear, hear.) Full benefit 61 reduced duty obtained by pur 3hasing Ifornimar.,'s pure Tea; very choice at 3s. 4d. and 4 s- " Mgh Standard "et 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), Is ii" ) strongest and most delicious imported, Agents iu every town supply it in rackets, The Wolverhampton and Dudley Mysteries, Yesterday the adjourned inquest was held at the Waggon and Horses, Bilston-road, Wolverhampton. on the body of the man William Cheenery, who was found dead in the house that he had occupied in No. 4 Court, Bilston-street, with marks of great violence upon his person, his body tarred, and far advanced in decomposition. The first witness called was the deceased's mother, who is now the wife of Richard Parnell, a miner, of Portobello, near Wolverhampton. She deposed that deceased was a wireworker, and would have been 26 years of age next October. He lived at No. 4 Court, Bilston:street. It is six years next May since he sent a letter to say that he was about to bring up his wife from Liverpool. He afterwards brought her to live at the house of my brother, in Birming ham ; her Christian name was Rosanna, and she always went by the same name as my son did. At that time she was at least 15 years older than her supposed husband, and belonged to Birmingham. She was scarcely of middle height, and was a fair woman with grey eyes. She had a slight cast in her right eye, and this caused her slightly to squint. Her figure was short. She continued to live with my son until his death, but she never had any children, and the last time I saw her was at 11 o'clock on the morning of the fair day (July 10). I went b ac k w i th h er to her house in No. 4 Cou r t, Bilston-street, wh ere I h a d b e f ore b een once or twice, and she then seemed comfortable and happy. She was a dirty and lazy person, but neither she nor my son were addicted to drink. I never knew them to quarrel with each other. They formerly lived in Bir mingham after they were with their relative, and before that they lived at Wellington, in Shropshire. Before they went to Wellington they lived at No. 30, Walsall street, in Wolverhampton, where the woman was well known, and in the market of which town she used to stand. The furniture in the house in which the deceased was found was very scanty, and consisted chiefly of a few boxes. About five weeks ago I met my son in Wolverhampton. He told me that he had re cently received his money, and placing his hand upon his chest said, "I have it here, for I ma afraid my wife will, take it, as she had threatened to go away." He did not say with whom he thought she would go. In April last Ro sanna left my son for a month, but she afterwards said that during that time she had been to her brother's. Deceased had searched about for her but could not find her. The wit ness then described Rosanna's dress, but could not identify as belonging to her the bonnet which was found by the side of the corpse of the woman who was found dead, and her body decomposed, and who was like the deceased, in an un occupied house in Dudley, on the day before the corpse of the deceased was found. Witness, continuing, said—l heard of the suicide at Dudley, but I have not been there to see the body. She always wore a wedding ring and a keeper made of a certain description of gold, and which I had given to her. The keeper found with the ring upon the body of the woman was shown to the witness, but she said that was not the one of which she was speaking; she however identified as a part of Rosanna's dress a portion of the dress found on the body of the dead woman at Dudley. The Chi -f Constable then said that he should be able to produce sufficient evidence with reference to her bonnet. The witness, Continuing, said—ln the beginning of March I received a letter from my son t e lli ng me th a t hi s wife had gone away, taking with h er 30 s i n money an d 12 s w orth of goods. He asked me to come over and keep his house, and I went. One evening while I was there a man with dark hair and inflamed eyes, as if he was used to drinking, opened the door and inquired, "Is my Rosey in the house ?" I said, " Who is Rosey ?" He then asked for William, who came down stairs wh let this man was sitting in the kitchen. It came into ray mind that this was a man of whom Rosanna had spoken, and I told him that if he did not go out I would scald him with the boiling water in the kettle on the fire. After he had gone, my son said to me, " I wish you had not spoken so, for I am in danger from that man." This man was about six feet high, with coarse features, and was dressed in a kind of jacket-coat and cap. I am sure that I should know him again. Last Tuesday a Mrs. Barry, of Wolverhampton, with whose husband my son used to live while Rosanna was away, showed me a piece of a dress which she said she gave my son 3d. for. (The piece, worked into a quilt, was here produced, and it exactly corresponded with the pieces of the dress before produced, which had been taken from the corpse of the un known woman found at Dudley.) The Coroner said—l think the production of that piece of cotton is very satisfactory. The jury were of a similar opinion. Witness identified as belonging to Rosanna a Norwich shawl that was found fastened up to a window of the house in which deceased was found, and also= old bonnet brought from the same place. Rachel Barry, the woman spoken of by the last witness, deposed that she was the wife of an image:maker in Wolver hampton. She knew Chenery and his alleged wife about five months ago. Chenery came to her house and said that Rose was gone away and was not again coming back. At the same time he said that he would not again take her back for a reason which he would tot state. Three weeks after wards, and about a month after her disappearance, Rosanna came to her house for her-clotheswhich, with some wire, .. had been left th ere. Among these ' clothes was the skirt of a dress, which she afterwards saw suspended as a curtain at a window of the house in which Chenery's body was found. In reply to a juror, witness said the night Rosanna returned and came to my house a knock came at the door, and a man's Voice presently said sharply, " Come, now, there, how much longer are you going to be?" She would not let me go to the door, but rushed before me, and beckoned the man outside to go back. I looked out, but it was so dark I could not see any one. The man was not Chenery, for he would not have come in that way. Rosanna denied that he was one of her fancy men, but said he was a man who wanted to pay her lodgings. Coroner—When she came to get her clothes did she ap- pear angry ? Witness—She said, "I have heard say 'revenge is sweet,' and if he does not give my clothes I will have re venge on the one-eyed —," Did she bay that if she could not do it herself she would get some one else to do it F.—Yes, when she spoke of the one. eyed --, I think the meant the deceased, as he had but one eye. A Juror—Did she say she would get some one else to assist her ? Witness—She said she would get them as would assisther. A Juryman—Did you ever see another man down stairs ? Witness—There was a man down stairs that she told me wanted her to go and live with him, and ho would keep her as a lady, and if Williams (Chenery) came he would knock his brains out. Her husband was present at the time, and ha answered, " You had better go with him if he can keep you better than I can. I should like him to come and knock my brains out." She said "1 would sooner have Williams's little finger than the other man's whole body," This man I have seen, and he is down stairs. I am quite sure that he is the man, because a night or two before he came to our house. John Barry, an image modeller, of Bell-street, and the husband of the laet witness , gave evid ence principally cor roborative of that of his wire. --- Mrs. ilannah Lewis, who occupies one of the houses that adjoins the one in which deceased lived up to the time of his death, deposed to the woman Rosanna, who passed for his wife, having, so far as she knew, lived comfortably with the deceased. She never heard any quarrelling in the house ; if they had quarrelled she should have beard them. At about half-past nine in the evening of the 27th of July, Rosanna knocked at her door and said " We are going out into oE iif anybody inquires after us." R back to th e h ouse, came out w i th a shawl a door, and went away. The witness here nn e a country thoen nlocked hawking,went the identified as the bonnet of Rosanna the bonnet that was found near the woman who was discovered dead at Dudley. Pieces of the jacket and skirt found upon the body of the woman at Dudley were here identified as having formed part of the clothes worn by rbosanna when last seen by witness, who also identified the shawl found at the window of the house in No. 4 Court as belonging to Rosanna. About a week before the body was discovered a very bad smell came from the house, and it continued until the body was found. IVitnese then described the finding of the body, the facts of which have already appeared. A woman named Ursilla Jones deposed to the man Ed wards having frequently visited the house of the deceased before he removed to that iu which he was found dead. He used to go there with Rosanna's niece. M r s. Barry recalled, identified the remnants of clothes brought from Dudley as belonging to the garments worn by Rosanna. Police-constable Sansome, of the Dudley force, deposed to the finding of the body in that down, decomposed, and with laudanum by its side. The dead woman's hair was dark. She was of tolerable height, and stout (previous witnesses had referred to her hair as light.) The Coroner remarked that the identification of the clothes Dudley as that of th e woman Rosanna. but not th e b o dy o f th e wo m an found at wa A s l c n o o m ng pl t e h te e other witnesses who were examined, was a chemist, of Bilston, named Lister, who deposed to having sold laudanum in the bottle before described. A second label on the same bottle showed that the same kind of poison had been sold in it by another chemist of Bilston, named Cr:3y. William Ed wards, who seemed to be a puddler, was called. He said he had been summoned as a witness at that in -11,2228t. lie know the deceased and Rosanna, but ha had not seen them since the latter end of February or the begin ning of March. Ile denied that lac had followed her to Birmingham, but said th a t he was there on business and met her at Digbeth. Th e deceased had a ked him to ask her when s h e was coming hornet if he saw her. Ile told deceased wh en he (Jame back that hs had seen he r, end deceased said th at tithe did L ot make haste she would be too late, for she was no wile of his. lie had lived with a cousin of Rosanna's, but the was now dead. She had died at Derby. He had never said to Rosanna that if she would leave the deceased and live with him that he would keep her liko a lady. The Coroner, who had cautioned the last witness, said there was no doubt that a shocking murder had been com mitted, and that the ends of justice would not be answered unless the police had an opportunity of investigating the matter furtLr. T o as s i s t them he thought he ought to keep back the result of the post 9norfent ememination. The jury concurred in this view, and tl-i inquest was arijourned Wail to-day (Twsday) week. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—The question of the Confederate steamers is becoming both serious and urgent ; we wish we could add that it is also becoming more clear. Un fortunately, it is full of the gravest doubts, and though probably not one Englishman in ten would be under any uncertainty as to what he would wish to see done, it is by no means certain that the power of action exists. Common belief, as well as current report, assigns to the service of the Confederate Go vernment two powerful ironclad vessels now ap proaching completion in a well-known yard on the Mersey, That these ships are war-ships, and of the most formidable kind, cannot be disputed. They are plated with 41-inch armour, they have turrets for mounting heavy guns, and their stems are so constructed that they may be used as rams. On this point, therefore, no question can be raised. But our builders are constantlyconstruotiog ships of war for foreign Governments, and it is only on the pre sumption that these particular vessels are intended for a belligerent Power that the lawfulness of their destination can be questioned at all. Such a pre sumption, however, undoubtedly prevails. The ships themselves, as stated in our intelligence yesterday, not only bear French or Algerian names, but are distinctly alleged to be built on French account, and one of them actually carries the French flag. Never theless, people persist in believing that, sooner or later, and in fact very soon indeed, they will hoist Confederate colours, and that, whatever pretext may be employed to disguise their destination, they have been desig ne d from the beginning to join the Florida and the Alabama, and prey upon the com merce of the Federals as those ships have done. The consequence is that the Federals and their friends are naturally enraged,and we are assured that if the sus pected vessels are allowed to escape peace between America and England can no longer be maintained. To the correspondence on the subject which we pub lished yesterday we now add another communication, containing an exposition of the existing law on this critical question. According to the views which, not without authority, are there laid down, a ship of war is so far contraband that if it is sold by a neutral to a beldgerent, the other belligerent would be entitled to make prize of it, exactly as prize would be made of arms or munitions. But it is only on the high seas, or in the passage of the vessel from the neutral to the belligerent port, that the seizure can be effected. An English shipbuilder may Bella ship of war impartially to either a Confederate or a Federal purchaser, and deliver it without any breach of law; but the vessel is liable to capture and confiscation if she is overtaken at sea and her destination can be proved. " There is nothing in our laws, or in the law of nations, that forbids our citizens from sending armed vessels as well as munitions of war to foreign ports for sale. It is a commercial adventure which no nation is bound to prohibit, and which only exposes the person en gaged in it to the penalty of confiscation." That is the doctrine laid down, not by the British Court of Admiralty, but by the Supreme Court of the United States. It is American, not English law, and no law can be clearer. The lathes, in fact, is with the Federals themselves. They are foregoing their own rights in order to carry out more effectually a certain paramount object. Their cruisers should be where the Florida is, and the Confederate steam rams, if such they are, ought, instead of meeting a consort, to fall into the hands of a captor ; but such is the overwhelming anxiety of the Federals to press the blockade of the Southern ports that they can spare no squadrons for the police of the seas. However, after stating the facts as far as they can be ascertained, and the law as we find it laid down, we are ready to admit that there is much more to be added. There is a comparatively recent statute called the Foreign Enlistment Act, which was cer tainly designed to control the proceedings of neu trals in dealing with belligerents, and there is an instinctive feeling on the part of the public that the construction and sale of such vessels as the Ala bama for such uses as those to which the Alabama is turned ought not, whether actually lawful or otherwise, to be allowed by law. After making all abatements due to the exceptional character of the war betweenTederals and Confederates, we must needs admit that the case of war-ships is not like the case of munitions of war. There is not so much di rect intervention or provocation in the one as in the other. Rifles and gunpowder are soon lost sight of, but a ship of war is an active engine, endowed, as it were, with life and personality, and traceable in her achievements from day to day. Indeed, if we sup pose that not only the hull, but the guns, the stores, and the men are furnished more or less circuitously from the neutral State, it is hard to see how the supply differs from that of a regiment of soldiers. We have only to ask ourselves what our feelings would have been if, while we were blockading the Russian ports during the Crimean war some neutral State had furnished the Russian Government with cruisers enough to close the sea against oar com merce. Of course we should never have allowed them such a range as the Alabama has enjoyed, but some day or other even we, with our enor mous navy, may find our hands too full. It is not our interest to allow such a precedent to be esta blished for the first time, if it does not exist already, nor to connive at its extension, if it has any existence. Of all the doubts which the question contains we ought to give ourselves the benefit, and our interests, as it happens, coincide on this occasion with the desires of the Federal States. Still, the Americans, whether of the North or of the South, must be perfectly aware that we can make no concession to menace, and that the laws of England, whatever they may be, are not to be changed at the dictation of a foreign State. We believe that if our Government could feel itself justified in stopping any suspected vessel, the public would be glad to see the power exercised. We do not thing it morally right that ships like the Alabama should leave our ports for such service as that on which they are engaged. We do not wish to see any more of them sail on the like errand, though the Federals have themselves mainly to thank for the mischief which these cruisers have been permitted to work. We are even disposed to think that if the Foreign Enlistment Act is not comprehensive enough to prevent such dealings, it might be advantageously made so, but our authori ties can only administer the law as it stands. The alleged destination of the vessels in question is ap parently denied, and, even if it were admitted, the absence of any " equipment" might render the bar gain lawful. The leederals, too, should be reasonable enough to remember that our impartiality in respect of this kind of trade has been abundantly proved. Whatever may have been the sympathies of the country, there has been no favour shown in the mat ter of commerce. The Northerners have had, with out stint or molestation, cannon, rifles, power, and every other description of warlike material ttheir heart's content. They best know what they have had added to the besides, and what other items might list of their imports from England. 'l,i be thoutenterin:, into these questions we can truly say that the Fede rats have found a free and fair market in this coun try for all their wants, and have never had an im pediment thrown in their way. Our neutrality, therefore, has not been vitiated by anything like prefereacs, and so little , even in the present c ase , are we influenced by s ympathies that if these st eam rams are really destined for the Confederate Go vernment we sincerely hope the law may be strong enough to stop them. HERALD. —Mr. Nassau Senior's note - book must be a very compendious one if that gentleman re ports all private conversations as fully as the he held recently with M r . Dayton, the Fede ral(n)e ambassador at Paris ; but it will certainly not be a very valuable addition to current political history. Mr. Dayton is, doubtless, all that Mr. Senior describes him. He is besides a very earnest, indefatigable, and zealous Federal agent. But for these very reasons his opinions are hardly worth recording with the exactitude and fulness of which they have been thought worthy. If any writer of ordinary observation had sat down to give a Federal view of the relations between this country and the United States he would have expressed him self very much as Mr. Dayton has done, and pro bably nine Unionists out of ten would regard our obligations to their Government in the same light as Mr. Senior and Mr. Dayton. There was needed no prophet, not even such an authority BP Mr. Seniors note-book to convince us that the Federals are not exactly pleased with our neu trality. The New York Herald, in somewhat more forcible language, has for two years past indulged in the threats which peep covertly out of "the conversation" with Mr. Dayton. And Mr. Seward himself, when it was a question of according belligerent rights to the South, was equally threatening. But it is something new to find this threat of war reproduced in the limes ne . wspap3r in the name of En Euglit,h writer of re putation ; and We can only attribute the novelty to the recent development of amateur diplomacy, which , 8(.0313 to be rapidly driving the profe,bBionals out of the field. It appears that Mr. Senior "had con versed with many persons of political eminence on American affairs," and that he was so impressed with the gravity of these conversations that he hurried off to Paris to communicate their gist to Mr. Dayton. The eminent political personages who were posted in the inevitable note-book were then and there introduced to the ambassador, who acknowledged the introduction with gratitude, and in his turn favoured Mr. Senior with his own convictions. These were that the opinion of England was the opinion of the Times ; that that journal had one mad on American aff . d rs, an d t hat the English public vs as Equally frantic. , Mr. Geo. Fran& Train arrived at (~,:ftetly the sain ,- 3 eoLein ien some two years ego. We can find no fault with the Federal ambassador for making the avowal of such a belief, But it is somewhat strange, t o say the least of it, to find the English writer more than tacitly admitting its justice. Mr. Dayton assures his obliging informant that the disruption of the Union can do England no good, and that the Con federates hate England as bitterly as do the Fede rals. Mr. Senior at once agrees. "If we knew all that they think and feel we probably should feel towards them as you seem to be trying to make us feel towards you." That is a great point gained by the Yankee minister. If he can convince English men that the South hates them, he will have achieved much. Mr. Senior's note-book will not very much aid him in this respect. What follows is still more interesting and curious. Mr. Senior changes the form of dialogue—the Socratic—and offers himself freely up to the victim of his oppo nent's logic and ingenuity. Not all the world, says Mr. Dayton, could influence the North in favour of peace. " Not by persuasion ?" mildly suggests Mr. Senior, " Not by force," severely retorts his oppo nent, and then Mr. Senior is silenced and Mr. Dayton has it all his own way. His argument is singularly inconclusive. " What the South wants is food, and that you cannot give her. She has arms enough, but she is starving, and she will be starved out." Yet the whole purport of the conver sation is a warning to England not to permit the egress of arms or armed ships from our ports. If the South has arms enough, why all this fuss about these terrible phantom ships ? They will not give the South food; they will not prevent her being starved out ; but they would provide her with an effective force wherewith to strike a blow. How soon the process of starvation is to accomplish its object we are not told. But, considering the state of the grain crops of the present year in the Confederate States, it seems likely to be a very tedious one ; and as to our not being able to send food to the South, Mr. Dayton ought to know that with open ports where there is a demand there will soon be a sufficient supply, and that Europe, with its abun dant harvest, has plenty and to spare for cll the necessities of the South. However, we will let that pass. The argument was grave enough for Mr. Senior's note-book. But Mr. Dayton went on to show our Government how the alleged Confederate iron-clads were to be estopped, in somewhat the following words :—" We maintain that these ships aro intended for the Confederates. We cannot exactly prove it, except by inference. But do as Mr. Lincoln would do—compel the builders to pro duce their orders. If they refuse, detain the vessels. If you cannot do this, amend your laws, Get an edict from your dictator, Lord Palmerston, upset iug all Tour old ideas of justice and all your consti tutional practice. In short, violate your constitu tion at the shortest possible notice, or—take the consequences." What these consequences are Mr. Senior tells us. Fairly to starve the South Presi dent Lincoln will go to war with this country. But surely Mr. Senior, who has so many Federal and Confederate friends, ought to know which party has most benefited by our neutrality, and bow many tons of powder, how many rifles, cannon, &c., have left English ports for the United States. He might be aware, too, that Federal agents have been busily , recruiting in Ireland and in many parts of Eng land ; and that although some persons have "main tained" that recruiting was a breach of the Foreign Enlistment Act, and although the " inference" was obvious enough, our Government took no steps to put a stop to so flagrant a violation of our munici • pal law, simply because the effort would have been useless. What have the Federals done for us that we should swallow a camel when their interests are at stake, and strain at a gnat when it is a question of Confederate gain P Mr. Senior, of course, writes in all sincerity, and is honest in his alarm about the prospect of war ; but if he had held a brief for the North he could hardly have spoken out more strongly and partially. Like all Northern parti sans, however, he has overshot his mark. English men may entertain this or that opinion respecting the war in America, and the building of iron ships for belligerents; bat they are all prone to resent a threat, and both Mr. Dayton and Mr. Senior may rely upon it that if they wish to prevent a rupture they must appeal a little more to an Englishman's reason and forbearance, and a little less to his fears. POST.—We are not surprised to find that the Con gress of German Princes at Frankfort has failed to attract as large a share of public attention in Eng land as it deserves. The report of the proceedings of the British Association at Newcastle will probably be read with as much interest as the accounts which reach us from Frankfort; and the results of scienti fic investigation during the past year will very pos sibly absorb to a greater extent the leisure hours of the holidays than those deliberations of crowned heads which affect the destinies of a continent. In the one case the subjects discussed interest the masses, in the other only those who are conversant with the complications of European politics can appreciate the influence upon them which the Frank fort Conference may exercise. While the Newcastle philosophers are expounding to listening crowds, the German princes are secretly laying the founda tions of a new system of Confederate government. Perhaps if the public were admitted behind the scenes, instead of speculating upon the nature of the discussions which arise, we might follow their pro ceedings with greater interest; but even then few would care sufficiently about the individual opinions of the Duke of Baden to follow the objections which he opposes to those clauses which more particularly affect the status of his own dukedom ; nor should we sympathise very warmly in the grievance of the Elector of Hesse, who, it seems, might once have been a king if he had chosen, but who clung to a title to which so many great associations were attached, and who now finds himself classedamong the princes in consequence. These details would only possess importance in our eyes as bearing upon the general result; and we must remind our readers that this result may actually affect the funds—an achieve ment which will be impossible for the wise men of Newcastle, or may involve the necessity of making use of those formidable engines of war which the president of that learned body has made himself fa mous by inventing. If we fail to attach sufficient weight to the Frankfort Congress, it is because we have not been in the habitof making the political chess board of Europe our study. Otherwise we should see that whatever be the result of that Congress, it must indirectly affect the balance of power. If it fails, the cause of the failure will be Prussia; and the efftct of a more complete isolation of that great German Power from the rest of the nationality will be to give Austria the very preponderance which her rival has hitherto dreaded. Although the Im perial project may not be adopted, the Imperial influence will have been extended and consolidated, and Francis Joseph, even if he go back re infecta, so far as this particular scheme is concerned, will henceforward occupy a new and much higher posi tion than he has hitherto done among the Sovereigns of Europe. Prussia will, consequently, feel the ne cessity of looking for some ally to compensate for that support which the North of Germany had been in the habit of affording her, and this ally she can only find in Russia ; whether as a consequence of the increased intimacy which common misfortune, arising from misgovernment in both cases, may en gender, some territorial changes may not ensue is a matter for conjecture. There can be no doubt that an arrangement might be arrived at in connection with the German provinces of Russia which both Powers, isolated as they will be from all European sympathy, may find it convenient to make. Under any circumstances, the effect of a persistence on the part of Prussia to refuse any consideration of the project after it has been agreed to by the Princes, will be felt by Europe at large, and not by Ger many alone. On the other hand, the Continental equilibrium will bo still more decidedly affected if the King of Prussia repents him of his folly and ob stinacy, and reunites himself to his colleagues. In that case, we hope to see that vision of a German fatherland realised which has only heretofore existed in the imagination of its poets, and every European question now on the tains will assume a different complexion. We need scarcely say that this is the result which in the interest of Germany, of Eng land, and of Europa, we should most earnestly de sire; if we are sceptical upon the subject, it is because it would be one of those things " which are too good to be true." The day does not seem yet to have come when Austria and Prussia can play the parts of the lion and the lamb. Certainly we can scarcely put Count Bismark into the latter category. At the dictation of his Minister King William writes to "his exalted federal allies" that he "Can only fix his determination when by business, like deliberations on the matter by his council, the proposed changes in the Federal constitution may be harmoniously discussed in their relations to the just interests of the nation." In other words, says Count Ilismark, " my Sovereign is not to be trusted in a room in Frankfurt atuoiae a lot of German princes by himself." Inasmuch as the will of the Minister is law in Prussia, the discussion iu coun cil is likely to be exceedingly harmonious; and inastutr:h. :13 " the just interests" of Count Bismuth possess a considerable higher value in his eyes than " the just interests of the nation," it is not likely that he will make a concession which would compel him to return to a coasatutional form of Gm em inent, and render it impossible for him any longer to play the part of a despot. As, however, the ratification of the Chambers in the different States is necessary to legalise the AllE4l'l3ll project, it may fairly be assumed that, until it hue been 'ejected by a representative body, it is still pending. Count Bismatk may feel confident that the Chambers at Berlin would withhold their consent, on liberal grounds, to the project ; but unfortunately for hi m he hos debarred himself by his own act from app ea l.. ing to the constitution he has violated, and the' Prussians are suflicientiy credulous to believ e th at the real reason fur their So verei gtiiti t s op y p t t e )s c i r t 4 i t o a r i i n t u o the Austrian scheme was that it a provision for a representative Chamber, the rest of Germany has taken a very different view of the matter. If anything were yet wanting to reduce Count Bismark to a lower level in public estimation than he now occupies, it would he this audacious attempt to discredit the liberal tendencies of Francis Joseph by a democratic profession of faith on his own part. We confess that while a man so indif ferent to public opinion and his own character, that he can venture to outrage one and tarnish the other by a device so transparent, continues at the helm of State in Prussia, we can only augur badly for its future. On th e o th er h an d th e E mperor o f Austria and his Ministers may console themselves by the reflection that, if it has been in the power of a _single unscrupulous individual to thwart their efforts for the introduction of a constitutional re form in the Confederation, Count Bismark has done much to raise them to theposi Lion they now occupy in European estimation. COUNTRY MARKETS. . GLOUCESTER-AVG. 29. The show of new English wheat to-day was vory fair. Prices may be quoted same as las-, week. Foreign wheat was extremely limited in demand. Barley, beans, and oats very dull. COLCHESTEI There was a thin supply of of last week were realised. Ba, and peas do not come freely. Wheat, white 440 48s Beansollazagan..33s 368 red 42s 46s I middle & small.3ss 383 Barley Oats Et- 7 AuG. 29. wheat to-day, and the rates ,rley more plentiful. Beans CHELMSFORD--AUG. 28. At this corn exchange to-day there was a fair quantity of wheat, and there was little alteration in prices. ;Spring corn samo as last week. Wheat, old white...3ls 49s new ..46s 50s old red 36s 44s new 40s 46s Barley 2' , 8 36s Chevalier ..288 398 Grinding 22s 31s Malt.... Peas, Partridge 37s 408 White 39s 40s Boiling ... 40s 43s Dun 33s 26s Ditto new -8 —s Beans, Tick, :,1d —348 39s new —s —s Harrow Ticks 358 40s new —s —5 Mazagan 3os 38s Chevalier . 64s 69s Oats 20s 28s KIRKCALDY GRAIN—Aua. 29. To-day we had small supplies all descriptions of grain Wheat, and barley sold at last week's rates. Oats were lather lower. One parcel of new barley at market, 561bs per bushel. Wheat. Barley. Cats. First.... 32s Od I 24s Od I 24s:Od Second ..35s Od 28s Od 24s Od Third ....—s Oct —s Oct —s Od COAL I Primo of Coal per 'lon al LAP KET. the close of the market. s. d. North Pelton Ga 5..... 13 6 ranfield Moor Butee ..12 6 Carway and Duffryn_ Walls End. S. d. Malting . 20 0 Cowpen Hartley 16 0 Grey's West Hartley 15 3 Bates'sWest Hartley l5 3 Walker Primrose •12 9 Eden Main ...16 6 Wylam 17 6 Walls "End • Russel's Het.tou South KeHoe. l6 9 Ships at mark Haswell lB 0 Tunstall Eleugh Hall 16 9 Hartlepool 17 3 South Hartlepool 16 6 East Hartlepool 17 9 Kelloe ......16 9 Hetton lB 0 Framwellgato.. l6 3 Gosforth l5 9 Stewart's 17 9 South Hetton 18 0 Thorpe 15 9 60 ; sold, 55. Foreign Mail. Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton. Sept. 18. via Marseilles ... Sept, 12. Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. Sept. 3. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena Sept. 28. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton Sept. 1. via Marseilles . „ Sept. 1. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton Sept. 1. India (Calcutta), and C ey l on, v i a Southampton Sept. 1. via Marseilles Sept. 12. India (Bombay), via Southampton .. Sept. 10. via Marseilles Sept. 4. Portugal.... Sept. 3. Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampt on Sept. 1. via Marseilles Sept. 4. Newfoundland .. Sept. ,2. Oporto and Vigo by U.S. packet.... by Canadian packet. Sept. 4. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe .. Sept. :10. Bahamas, via New York Sept. 24. Mexico All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru ' Sept. 13. California. and British Columbia. How JAMES PERRY BECAME AN EDITOR.- li The story of his first connection with newspapers is curi ous enough, though we dare say there are many brilliant ornaments of the profession who could tell as singular tales of the lucky chances which first led them in that direction . Perry had come to London with introductions to severa l booksellers, meaning to begin life, as Johnson and o ther famous men had begun it before him, as a publisher's drudge. But work at that time happened to be not very plentiful, and to all his applications a negative answer was returned. About that time a new paper had been started, under the title of the General Advertiser, and Perry, by way of amusing his enforced leisure, struck off sundry light sketches, varied with occasional letters to the editor, winch he dropped into the letter-box of the office, without any name affixed to them. As he found these articles were in variably inserted, he was led on step by step to write more; but it does not appear that he ever thought of introducing himself to the editor as the author of the sketches that found so much.favour in his eyes. Fortune was to visit him from another quarter; for, in the midst of this literary employ ment, he did not forget the purpose for which lie came to London, but went on in his daily and discouraging calls on the booksellers for employment. One day he called on Messrs. Richardson and Urquhart, a publishing firm, to whom, among others, he had introductions. He saw Mr. Urquhart, a countryman of his own, who was engaged in reading the Daily Advertiser. Scarcely lilting his eyes from the paper, he returned the usual cold negative answer; and then moved by some sudden impulse, he said to him, 'lf you could write such an article as this, I would find you immediate employment.' Ho pointed, as he spoke, to an article in the Advertiser, which Perry, on glancing at, recognised as his last anonymous contribution. Of course, he claimed it, closed with the offer of the worthy publisher ; and to prove that he was not imposing on his credulity, he produced from his pocket another article of the same nature, which he was on his way to deposit in the editorial letter-box. To him that interview was the stroke of fate, for Messrs. Richardson and Urquhart were the principal proprietors of the paper; and Mr. Perry's articles proved that he was just the kind of young man they wanted. Modern newspaper men will smile, and modern newspaper proprietors will envy, when they learn what was considered the fair remuneration for a newspaper writer in those days. For his daily services on the Advertiser he accepted a salary of a guinea a week, with an extra half-guinea for any services he might render to an evening paper with which the firm was also con nected."—From London Editors," in London Society, for September. ADVERTISEMENT.]—Avoid medicines: they always aggra: vate chronic complaints, but Du Barry's Delicious Health Restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, which saves fifty times its cost in other remedies, invariably cures them, restoring perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, healthy liver, pure blood, refreshing sleep, functional regularity, and energy to the most disordered or enfeebled. We extract a few out of 60,000 Cures :—Cure No. 58,216 of the Marchioness de Brehan, Paris, of a liver complaint, wasting away for seven years, debility, with a nervous palpitation all over, bad digestion, constant sleeplessness, the most intolerable nervous agitation, and dreadfully low spirited.—Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies, Lord Lieut. of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia.—No. 49,832. "Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting.—Maria Jolly." —Cut e No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey , of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derange ment, and partial deafness.—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gathe ri ngs, low spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure No. 54,816. The Rev. Jas. T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, "of indigestion and torpi dity or the liver, which had resisted all medical treatment.' 408.—Earry Du Barry and Co., No. 77, Reo - eut-street, L ondon ; In tins, 1 lb., 2s. 9d. ; 21b., 4s. ed slb., ; 121 b., 22 5. ; also Fortnum and Mason ; and all Grocers and Chemists iii every town of the United Kingdom. Births. WHEBLE.—On the 30th ult., the Lady Catherine Wheble, of a son. WYNDILA.3I On the 29th ult., at 44 , B elgrave-square, the Hon. Mrs. . - Pe i r a c n y 1 ( ) 1 7 ynd h h i n a ata, t.h ,o e w t a son. WlLsorr. a E t rkvir, c on. wife of Frank H.Wilson Esq., of A ) Marriages. FIELD—PHILLIPS.—On the 29th ult., at Saint John's, Hampste , d, Allan Field, of Suffolk-lane, Cannon-street, and Squires Mount, liampstead, to Amelia H. Phillil s, of Hampstead. LEAca—Wirdlow.—On the 29th ult., at Charing, Kent. Mr. 'l'. Leach, of Oldham Lancashire, to Eliza, the youngest daughter of Horatio "Wiln ow, Esq., of Charing hill, Kent. Deaths. COp,NELL—On the 29th ult., at Wind-hill, Bishop Stort-• ford, Mr. Joseph Cornell, aged 66. heß l .—On the 30th ult., at Hammersmith, Mr. David Jack, aged 80. KNIGHT.--On the 27th ult., at Lower Clapton, Alfred Knight, l a te o f th e firm o f John Knight anti Sens, St. Cie.orge's. in-the-East, aged 39. Li VICK —On the 29th ult.. at West Ham, Essex, Christo-2 pher KentteTLCvicii, --- Es;l,; 53. PHlLLirronr..—On the 29th ult., at Weston-super -Mare, Captain tiltaries Phillimore, of 19, Connaught-square, London. WOOLLEY.-0a the 27th ult., at his residence, Sandbaclis Jyhu WoGlley, Esq., aged 72. London : Printed and Pubiished by WILLIAM ANDREW E ! of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TEE SUN Office No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the county of littidlesex.—Tueodayr September 4, 186,3. l