The Sun. — London, England, 1863-12-01 00:00:00

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA, (From the correspondent of time Times.) NEW YORK, Nov. 17. We have had a glo Dray and wet spell here these last four of five dayF,, and this may, perhaps, have damped the and our of the combatants who are paddling about in the chalky mud of Virginia. General Meade has been in Washington, and some of hits subaltern officers with him. He has, howriver, declined to attend the inaugura tion of the Gettysburg monument, a solemnity in wbach he was entitled to head the pageant. The position of the Southern army on the Rapi dan is said to be formidable, though two divisions of Gen. Hill's corps are supposed to have marched southward or westward. The knowing ones are are quite confident there will be a " general deci sive battle" before the end of this week. Another 0 , decisive and bloody " battle is expected to come off in Tennessee. Gen. Bragg is bombarding the Federals from the heights of Look-out Mountain, and the ground in his rear, for many miles, swarms 'with reinforcements conveyed to him by the Western and Atlantic Railway. Battles, if they occur, must be of the Confederates' own seeking, for their posi tions in the mountain gorges are not of a nature to invite the Federals' attacks. The weather, how ever, must have its share in military operations, and if the rains set in the South as they have done here, the probability is the bloodthirsty warriors will stick in the mud till winter cools their blood. Burn side, always in difficulty, seems disposed to wash his hands of his tough job in East Tennessee. The rumour that he has resigned his command, and that Foster is to take his place, bringing one o r more of his divisions with him, appears almost dail y in the papers to fill a paragraph in the morning, and to make room for another paragraph , c ontradictin g the first, in the evening. At Charleston we have firing at the rate of two shots in the minute at night, and three or four in t he daylight. Results— alter 21 hours, two men killed and one wounded. Artillery has done its very worst against Sumter, and what remains of it is invulnerable. " The fort cannot be injured any further," says the bulletin. Nothing is to be done but let it alone. From Texas we hear that General Banks, at the head of his long-projected expedition, has landed at the mouth of Rio Grande ; that Fort Brown and Brownsville—the latter on fire, and with the Union and Secession parties fighting in the streets —have fallen into his hands. The presence of a Federal army in that region, it is expected, will put an end to the brisk contraband trade, and cut off one of the most plentiful sources of supplies on which the Southerns relied. It will also have the effect of a grand demonstrations against the French in Mexico; it will reassure Juarez's " loyalists," and awe Maxi milian and all contemners of the Monroe doctrine. The grumblers here, however, complain that Banks and his forces, instead of wasting their energies on Rio Grande, would be better employed nearer home against Lee's " demoralised" troops and Bragg's 0 discordant and dissolving" army. The " labour movement," as the contest between operatives and their employers is here designated, being in fact a labour stoppage, is going through its natural phases, and will for the present have no serious consequences. As it was but too easy to foresee, labour carried the day everywhere, for its demands were just and moderate. Henceforth, it may be taken for granted, in every branch of in dustry wages will be raised 25 per cent. above the present rates. The car-drivers in New York re turned to their work on Saturday last, the direc tors of the several railway companies having " made a satisfactory compromise"—i c., granted all they were asked. The working men of the United States' navy yards in Charlestown, near Boston, have also obtained their own terms, and, upon the same un derstanding, there is no doubt but the excitement arising from the strikes will gradually, though per haps only temporarily, subside. " Labour" will go on, and the "movement" will be brought to a stand• st ill. The industrious classes in these North-Eastern states had attained a. well-being fully commensu rate with their deserts, with their thrift and so briety, and with the education extensively spread among them. If there ever was a country in which labour wea in clover, in which it was looked up to, petted and humoured, it certainly was this North American community; not so mud, owing, perhaps, as the Americans fondly believe, to the protection of their glorious Democratic institu tions as to the great fact that this country had plenty of elbow room for all men, and that those who at any time felt crowded and distressed in the cities of the East would always find wealth and ease in the backwoods of the West. Labour was scarce here at alt times, and as such it was, of course, prlcious, independent, fastidious. The rougher kind of handi craft, and even domestic service, was shunned by the native American, and would long since have come to an end had it not beeu for the raw ma terial periodically imported out of the redundant population of suffering Europe. Democratic re publics must needs have slaves to do their hard and dirty work. In the South the Virginian had negroes. In the North the New Englander had the Irish, the 'German, the beasts of burden of the old world. Even the condition of the immigrant was anything but deplorable, as soon as he knew how to bring his labour to the best market. Whoever conde scended to work in America was sure not only of bl 5 daily bread, but also of a certain amount of decent had it i comfort; and th e very h e d ger an d di tc h er n his power to raise himself in the scale of beings,learnt how in his own and the world's estimati o n. H e on his to strike the be s t b arga i n , h ow t o s t an d for a rai ny aa and interests, how to put by a p enny :saving s b atats 3 c ) . I said in my last lett e r th a t th e bore witness tor, in New York and New E ng l an d even duri ng th, h i e prosperity of the working classes State of M assac rulYPeriod of this civil war. The manufactories with a - 1,231,066, and population of male and 69,677 faentliafrories employing 107,784 numbered in 1861 depositors in its s av i n ; a lla b ads, 500. The 205,058 ; in 1862 the depositors were 245 The amount of de ; in posits in 1861 was 44,78, 5,13 , 1862 it was 50,403,674 dols.--showing an stat o e re . ase in one year at 5,018,240 dole. Now, no thethe Union can compare with Massachusetts, whic i t n Rub of the Americansu. by way of a sneer call the Still, even in New York, a State wi th 3880 Universe." habitants, and 147,737 male and 51,612 female workers in the manufactories, the number °t accounts in the savi n g s banks in _ loBp6eln 300,511 ; in 1862, 347,1 84 ; and the amount due to , 119 do's. ; depositors in 1861, 64,08 3 , 1862 , 76,538,183 dole., showing an increase in one year u 12,393,066d01e„ The total amou nt of de p o sits in ' the State of New York on the let of January of thi s year was 80,393,064 dole. With all this widely-spread and su bstantial well being, however, the working classes could not fail to be gradually, yet inexorably, crushed by the rapid enhancement of prices consequent upon_ the waste of a ruinous war , a nd the use a nd abuse of an all-flooding pap er currency. The evil was not very grievously felt at the outset, because the gaps made among the already and always thin ranks of the labourers by the recruiting of the army had the effect of lessening competition, and, by in creasing the demand for it, of setting a higher value upon labour. In all the common trades, in the shops, and in domestic service, where the workman came into inamedia:e and constant contact with his em ployer, things had mai n t a i ne d t h e i r own l eve l , and wages had silently but incessantly been raised, so as to keep. pace with the growin g p r i ce o f provi sions. But in great factories, in large workshops, and public establishments , of the sig ns of a t down to the utmost times, and labour was ground The screw extent of its power of en durance.by this general strike, has now been put upon capital and the pressure has been instantly il a " cheerfully obeyed• All may be ar ranged, and things to,y go well i the mutual understanding bet e; the present; but labour . and capital will hardly last for leng n th of time--so l on g, at least, as the causes which led to the crisis continu e to act on th e community; p for, in resent the first place , w hen y ou raise wages in order enable labour to be ar the burden o f high prices' you to also cause a further rise in p ric es , for the raised wages of labour, as a matter of course, enhance the cost of the commodities which Are the product of labour; and, in the second place, any awakening of the people to the consciousness of their grie vances, and of their power to redrass them, lays bare many of those social disorders to which habit reconciles the suffering poor, but which, once brought into light, allow society no re , t: .1 a remedy is propounded, when it is too often found practically that the diagnosis of the evil is far easier than its cure. Thus I have said that, as a general rule, labour in America was sure of a competent remuneration. That rule, however, was subject to great exceptions, and the poor working girls of New York, for in stance,who are now on strike, received wages which, as the papers say, " were a burning shame to the age we live in." Many of them had till yesterday to put up with 2 dole. or 2 dole. 50c. a week—the same wages most male hands earned daily, the same wages that the poor fagged creatures were allowed before coal, clothing, and provisions had doubled in price. There is no doubt but relief will be granted to these and other sufferers, but the consequence must be a further rise in prices, a further deprecia tion of the currency, and the necessity for further enhancement of wages. What results similar cir cumstances had in France in 1793 we all know; we know that high prices in provisions led to strikes, and these to compromises with the people, till the pretensions of the latter knew no limits ; till, upon the first show of firmness on the part of the ruling powers, passive resistance led to open violence, and the starving people engaged in that struggle in which, after torrents of bloodshed, the T y he w A er m e e b r r i o c u an g s h , t in t d o e r e e d as m on o reckon upon the education i st of them, anticipate no such calamities for their privileged oftheir low la e n r land; they L upon their respect for the laws and love of order, . upon their safety-valves of emigration to the West and immigration from Europe. The sources of their wealth are inexhaustible, and so long as labour may . be had for hire, ho wever high, money such as Mr. Chase knows how to coin will be forthcoming. They draw comparisons between the conditions of agri cultural France in 1793 and those of commercial England in 1814. They are confident of their own buoyancy as an industrial community and of their ability to weather any storm. In the meanwhile they do not consider that there is one cause of dis organisation among them which did not work to the same effect either in France or England in re volutionary and warlike times. France withdrew millions of men from their wonted occupations, England paid handsome bounties for her recruits ; but no country at any time pressed so many useful members of the community into her armies, no country ever bribed recruits at so extravagant a price. The county of New York advertises this very day for 30,000 volunteers, and the following are the pecuniary inducements offered— Dollars. County bounty, cash down State bounty United States bounty for new recruits United States, additional, to veterans re-enlisting 100 _ --- 477 Total 777 The largest sum, surely, ever held out as a tempta tion to soldiers. With such inducements to a labourer to turn his ploughshare into a musket, and the monthly pay, which has been raised from 10 to 20 dollars, what operative would not rather be a soldier. The enlistment goes on very slowly nevertheless, and the Government would certainly be unable to raise the 300,000 men it has called tor if the recruiting officers did not fall back upon the Irish and German immigrants and the negroes. The latter especially will constitute the sheet anchor of the future American army. But in the meanwhile there is little doubt in my mind that these monstrous bribes paid to recruits, although they may be insufficient for tho repletion of the army, will not fail so to disturb and confound the relations between labour and capital as to lead not only to fresh strikes, but possibly to riots, agrarian movements, and social convulsions. What in the meanwhile is the state of the American finances ? lam assured from Washington that Mr. Chase's financial report will not be ready before the end of this month. The Midget, it is said, will foot up 1,200,000,000 dollars. The want?. of the navy for the coming year are estimated at 100,000,000 dols., exceeding last year's expenditure by 32,000,000 dols. The Treasury is now issuing paper at the rate of 4,000,000 dols. daily. The actual average expen diture daily is estimated at 2,250,000 dole., and for the next year at 800,000,000 dols. The largest por tion of this sum will go to pay the interest of the Na tional Debt. The money-market in the meanwhile has been very tight for the last two weeks. The hauling of all money articles in the newspapers has uniformly been this, " The minimum rates for loans on call to first•clasa borrowers in seven per cent." Gold is to-day at 148 k. Every one wonders how it ;s that Mr. Chase does not avail himself of the power vested in him to issue paper to the full extent of his will and pleasure to prevent money ever getting dear again. The Treasury printing presses, it appears, cannot keep up with the daily expenditures, and application must be frequently made to the banks for loans, at high rates of in terest, of the very paper issuing from the Treasury. From the 6th of August, 1861, to the 3d of March, 1863, Mr. Chase was at different epochs authorised to issue 1,100,000,000 dols. of legal tender notes. He was at the same time empowered to issue bonds and certificates of different descriptions to the amount of 1,739,000,000 dots. Altogether, he could deluge the country with 2,849,000,000 dols. of his paper, be sides 300,000,000 dole, to be put in circulation by the means of the so-called " National Banks." Notwithstanding all this, the Secretary of the Treasury has been again and again compelled to borrow money—his own paper money—at a ruinous rate of interest. Witness the loan of the Ist September lust, when for a 60 days' accommodation of 50,000,000 dole. he had to pay 60,000 dole. in terest. A great clamour of exultation was raised a few days ago on the report being spread that large earns of Five-Twenties had been subscribed to, and it was taken as clear evidence of the public confidence in the solidity of the Govern ment. Those bonds, were, however, bought by men who wanted them merely as objects of speculation, not for a permanent investment. Mr. Chase had paid the agents 7-, per cent. commission for the sale of those bonds; but the late rise in the interest of money made it very clear that the specu lating purchasers has only burnt their fingers, and they now strove to rid themselves of the stock by giving the agents Z- per cent. commission to sell them for them again. The issue of those 5-20 Bonds had no other result than to direct the money that had been lent to the Government on temporary loans at 5 per cent., payable in pap er , i n t o th ese l ong b on d s, b earing the interest of 6 p e r c e nt. i n go ld, equa l t o 'Pihr cent. in paper. The Treasury derived so little real advantage from the transaction, so little money " 131 " its • cell ,ipo t tl o , till, that it had, on M on d a y l as t, t o rary loan.the banks t o p a y up 15,000 d o l s. tempo - All tl 'ese abrifts and devices of th e con t r i v i ng Secre tary of tb . , than that of r Ila:wry, in short, h ave no other effect that Slou g h of L'R e ing him deeper and deeper into d out of which he is vainly struggling toe naer : e " It may be no fault of his, for attributea to him rare finan cial ; a b l i ie li r tie m s. on l e t y rna t y o b Y , choic e the exigencies of the cou ;1 1. 1 -1 0 estion whether the issue orireenebeessity ; but the war was a matter of nor re o r g e rr s ea o vsn r B.i t oeaidnbsy.t. abyss, dangerous expedient havin g Mr. Chase put himself 04 about Chatta nooga admitted neither of p ause _ are musterin g Enormous forces s id e . While B ras s ' s nooga on e i t her reinforce ments occupy the fields adjoining the railway from the South for " a line eight m iles in length,” Con. Sherman has joined Gen. Thomas with all his art oy, numbering, it is said, from 25,000 to 30,000 to , n. Here certainly are materials for a monster en gage , merit. Probably, however, there will be no general encounter, unless the Confederates give the signal of attack. The Ultra-Abolitionists, or Niggerheads, as they are here called, in antagonism to the Copperheads, are savagely attacking Geu. Gilmore, because he has intimated to the officers commanding coloured troops that the " black soldiers are only to do fatigue duty," and to be kept constantly at work in "the trenchem," Gen, Gilmore will hear nothing THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 1, ISM "miles." him the honourable distinction of about "knighting" the nigger by conferring on to increase th e num b er pose for which we enlisted " This," say the Abolitionists,sted coloured "was m e n n o . t t h vir e epduir d to arm pr y esent a mor e f orm id a b le of itrf toournt enlarge n o l a the h g ee soldiers, the enemy, to spare so mew h at of the bloodshed to which the white race is exposed, and to elevate the characte r o f t h e black race by admitting them to important duties and responsibi lities." This is exactly what Gen. Gilmore does not understand; neither does Mr. Seymour, Governor of New York, who is also roughly handled by the same Radicals for "driving volunteers to other States"—i.e., putting forth difficulties in the way of negro enlistment for New York Regiments. The " American citizens of African descent" quit the in hospitable Empire state, and hasten to offer their services to the recruiting officers in Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and especially Con necticut, where coloured people are placed on the same footing as regards pay and emoluments as their white comrades, and where a reward of 10 dole. is offered for every coloured recruit. It goes against the grain of Mr. Seymour and with many of his countrymen to have to admit the blacks on terms of equality with the white. Yet the Americans, since they will have war, must either fight themselves or have people to fight for them ; and if the South ultimately succumbs and victory crown the efforts of the Federal arms, there is little doubt the Union must for many years keep up a large army, and that army must be recruited among the negroes, just as surely as the Venetian land forces were made up of the despised Slavonian subjects. The merchant princes don't like soldiering. Bible, put an end to, the political influence of France and of the Polish emigration in Paris upon her Polish subjects; and unless the French are tho roughly determined, sooner or later, to attempt the re-establishment of a Polish kingdom, sufficiently large to be able to exist by itself, it is to be hoped, for the sake of the Poles, that this in fluence will as soon as possible cease to be felt. As long as the Poles look to the Hotel Lambert, and, through the Hotel Lambert, to the Tuileries, for relief, they will not and cannot get it from St. Petersburg. Promises have been made them on both sides and not fulfilled, and, on the whole, they have been as badly treated by their friends as by their enemies. However, nothing in the history of recent Polish events is more certain than that, when the Grand Duke Constantine arrived in Warsaw, he brought good and not evil to the inhabitants of the kingdom. They, of course, possessed the right of choosing whether to accept or reject what he had to offer ; but, as it was, many of the principal men in Warsaw gave their support to the Grand Duke at first, and then, as soon as they were assured that there was a good chance of a foreign intervention, left him. The resignation of all the principal inde pendent members of the Council of State was ap plauded by their fellow -countrymen in general as a protest against Russian rule in Poland, but to the Grand Duke it must have had another aspect; and, whether the step was praiseworthy or not, it, at least, illustrated the immense difficulty of governing a nation which looks abroad for its guides, and the unhappy position of a nation which is so guided from abroad as to be conducted —now, as in 1831— to a worse position than that from which it had hoped foreigners might rescue it. It seems to me, then, impossible that Russia will make any concessions to Poland on the representa tions, however friendly, of France ; and this not withstanding the advantages she would derive from a renewal of the French alliance. She may take some merely formal concessions during the time that must elapse between the virtual suppression of the insur rection—apparently on the point of being extin guished—and the arrangement even of the prelimi naries of a Congress; but if they are to be made at all we shall doubtless hear of them at once, so that all suspicion may be averted of their having been caused by other motives than a sincere, unbiassed desire on the part of the Russian Government to conciliate Poland. With regard however to the general signifi cation given to the Emperor Napoleon's speech by the Poles, they, for the most part, conclude from it either that a Congress will take place and will lead to a settlement of their position by the sword, or that it will be found impossible to bring the Euro pean Powers together, and that in that case the Franco-Russian alliance will be renewed with im portant concessions to Poland as one of its condi tions. It is, of course, in the hope of th e f ormer result that the insurrection is now being continued. —Times. direct you all is the wish of your ever loving and affection ate daughter, ELIZABETH WATERER. Another letter produced was trom Mahaig to the coroner, written last Friday at the union workhouse : I do not know what to write about what you may ask for. Shall I put this day the 26th of the month ? Where am I going to after that ? I may let you know that we both par took of the poison at the same time, but the poison that I took that she gave me she got at another shop, It had a blue cover. Half an hour afterwards she was dead. I think it was on the night of the 3d. We both said, as she would not leave me, we would die together. She died in my arms. On the Tuesday evening she had a rope cord on her neck when I came upstairs. At night we both took the poison in some gin at. 5.30. We both sent, at least left, a letter to both our mothers on the table. I don't wish any one to see this. Dear friends, I do not care. I wish to God I had gone with her. JOSEPH MAHAIG. This being all the evidence, Mahaig made the fol lowing statement in writing : Sir,—On the evening of the 3d the young girl spoken of seemed to be in trouble. About the hour of 530 I went downstairs for some ale, and when I came up I found a cord rope wrapped t ound her neck. I took it off, and before going to bed we both partook of some poison. She afterwards died in my arms. That's all. JOSEPH MAHAIG. The Coroner then charged the jury, who retired. They returned into court in an hour and a quarter, and recorded the following verdict : We find that the deceased, Elizabeth Waterer, destroyed her own life on or about the 4th of November inst., and that she was in a sound state of mind at the time. We fur ther find that Joseph Alahaig is guilty of aiding and abet•. ting in the same. The witnesses were then bound over to appear at the next Surrey assizes in the prosecution of Ma haig on the charge of wilful murder. At the rising of the court the street was quite impassable from the crowds anxious to see Mahaig removed to the cells of the police station. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE, ---~- THE NEW RAILWAY PROJECTS. • The following is an official list of all the plans and sec tions for new railways deposited in conformity with the standing orders of the Houses of Lords and Commons with the Board of Trade up to eight o'clock last night, yesterday being the last day for receiving them : Alford and Mablethorpe, Avon Valley, Antrim and Down Counties Junction, Aylesbury and Buckingham, Ashford, and Faversham Junction, Aberyatwith and Welsh Coast, Annandale and Sol way Junction—Alton, Alrewsa, and Win chester Extension—Aldborough Pier and Railways, Angle sey Central. Belfast Central, Bristol Port and Channel Docks, Bour ton-on- the-Water Extension, Blyth and Tyne (new works) Bromley, Blyth and Tyne (additional powers)—Belfast, Ballymoney, and Ballycastle—Banbridge Railway, Tram way, and Pier—Belfast and Northern Counties—Becken ham, Lewes, and Brighton—Bristol and South Wales Union (additional lands)—Buckfastleigh, Totnes, and South Devon—Brecon and Merthyr-Tydfil Junction—Bristol Port Extension, Brecon and Merthyr Junction (No. 1), ditto (No. 3)—Bodmin, Wadebridge, and Cornwall Junction— Blackpool and Fleetwood, Blockley and Banbury—Brid port Harbour : Railway, and Pier—Bangor and Llanberis Direct, Bristol and North Somerset (Bath Extension), Brighton Tramway, Bristol Central Station and Railways, Bristol and North Somerset Extension—Blackfriars Em bankment, Roadway, and Railways. Charing •cross (Western); Chichester and Midhurat,Corres —Crief, Methvin Junction and Branch—Chipping Norton and Banbury, Carrickfergus Tramway, Chichester and Mid hurst, Clifton, Carmarthen and Cardigan Branch, City of Glasgow Union, Ditto and Hutborn Tramways, Caledonian (Glasgow Harbour), Ditto (Bredisholme and Tennochside), Cuckfield, Chichester, and Midhurst —Crystal Palace (new lines)—Cheadle, Didsbury, and Manchester—Carnarvon and Llanberis,Cannock Chase and Woverhampton,Charing Cross (additional lines), Central Wales and Staffordshire Junction, Chard Railway and Lyme Regis Harbour Railway, Crystal Palace and SouthLondonJ uncti an, Carm arthenshi re, Charing Cross (Northern), Carnarvon and Llanberis, Cowes and Newport. Dublin, Rathmines, Radgar, Roundstown,Rathfarnham, and Rathcoole—Devon (North) and Somerset—Dublin, Rathmines, and Rathfarnham—Dublin and Baltinglass Junction, Dumfriesshire and Cumberland (Solway) Junc tion—Dover, Deal, and Sandwich—Denburn Valley,Dublin Trunk Connecting—Dudley, Oldbury, and Birmingham— D aventry, Dublin M etropolitan,Drayton Junction—Dublin, Wicklow, and Wexford—Dublin Grand Junction, Dublin. Exe Valley,East G locestershire—Ed g ware, High gate, and London (branch to the Alexandra-park)—Exmouth Docks, East and West Junction, East London (Thames Tunnel), Edinburgh and Glasgow, East Norfolk Railways, Erith Tramways—Ely, Haddenham, and Sutton. Farnham, Aldershot, and Woking—Flintshire—Finch ley, Willesden, and Acton. Great Eastern (St Ives to Ramsay), Great Western (fur ther powers), Glocestershire and Wiltshire, Great Northern Nos. 1,2, and 3, Guildford and Leatherhead, Glasgow and North British,Glasgow and Paisley, Great Eastern (North ern Junction), Great Northern and Victoria Station, Gar stang and Knot-end, Glendevon and Crieff, Great Eastern (Highbeach Branch) Ditto Junction—Glocester, Chelten ham, and Oxford—Glocester and Ledbury, Great Southern and Western and Midland Great Western Junction of Ire land, Great Eastern (Metropolitan Station and Railways). Hadleigh and Lavenham,Helston and Penrhyn Junction, Hammersmith and City Extension—Holywell, Hayling, Haldtx and 0 vendon Junction, Hammersmith and Wim bledon, Hoylake—Hereford, Hay, and Brecon—Henley in Arden—Hounslow, West Drayton, Breconfield, and High Wycombe—Halifax, Huddersfield, and KaigLley—Ham mersmith, Midland North-Western, and Charing-cross Junction. Ilfracombe. Kent Coast, Kilkenny Junction—Kew, Turnham • green, and Hammersmith—Kingsbridge, Knutsford, and Warrington—Kington and Eardisley—Kingston, Toot ing, and London. Liverpool and Central Station—Launceston, Bodmin, and Wadebridge—London, Brighton, and South Coast (addi tional powers)—Londonderry and Lough Swilly (exten sion) —Lancashire and Yorkshire, ditto (additional powers) Lancashire Union, London Low Level—Leeds, Bradford, and Halifax (new works)—London, Brighton, and South- Coast (Kemp-town station and lines)—ditto, Tonbridge (western and south-eastern lines)—ditto (new lines to Bat tersea) —London and North-Western (additional powers) mington Harbour and Docks—London and South- Western (Kensington, Hammersmith, and Richmond) — ditto (North Devon extensions), ditto (Chertsey extension), ditto (additional works)—Llanidloes and Newtown (land), London and Blackwall (extension), ditto (Great Northern and Midland Junction), Llynvi Valley and Ogmore, Lon don, Brighton, and Southcoast (Ouse Valley line)—Lime rick, Foynes, Tralee, and Killarney Junction—Llanelly (No. 2) —London, Chatham, and Dover (No. 2) —Llandilo and Teiffy, London Main Trunk (underground connecting branches), London Union. Manchester and Milford (deviations and new lines), Metropolitan (extension to Trinity -square, Tower-hill), Metropolitan (additional powers), Metropolitan and St. John's-wood, Midland (Chesterfield to Sheffield), Marple, Newmills, and Hayfield—Monklands, Mid Wales, Mistley, Thorpe, and Walton—Metropolitan (Notting -hill and Brompton Extension), Midland (new lines and additional powers), Macclesfield, Boddington, and Marple—Midland (branches to Bath and Thornbury), Macclesfield and Knuts ford, Midland (St. Pancras Extension), Macclesfield and Cheshire Midland Junction, Mayfield, Market Harborough and East Norton, Market Harborough and Melton Mow bray, Maidstone and Ashford, Metropolitan and Grand Union, Metropolitan District. North Kerry and Limerick Junction, Newark and Mans field, Newquay and Cornwall Junction, North Durham, North Staffordshire (Silverdale, Madeley, and Drayton), North-Eastern (Leeds Extension), ditto (York and Don caster), ditto (Leeds New Central Station), ditto (additional powers), North British (Carlisle Citadel Station), ditto (Abbey Holme and Leegate, ditto (Perth Branch), North and South Junction, North London (Tottenham branch), ditto (additional powers), North Staffordshire (new works), Newry and Armagh (Extension), Neath and Brecon (new lines, Neath to Swansea), ditto Extension to Central Wales, North and South Staffordshire Junction), North and South London (High level Junction), North and South-Western Junction, North and South London Junction. Okehampton, Deviation; Oswestry, Ellesmere, and Whit church—Oxfoird-street and City. Paddington and Charing-cross, Parsonstown and For tumna, Portsmouth and Portsea Extensions, Pembroke and Tenby, Purbeck, Prestatyn and Cwm, Peterborough, Wis bech, and Sutton; Pulborough, Storrington, and Steyning ; Portpatrick, Petersham, Petersfield, and Bishop's Waltham; Poole, Bournemouth, and Wimborne. Redruth and Falmouth Junction, Reigate and London (West-end Junction), Royston and Hitchin, Ribbesdale, Ryde Station, Rhymney (Cardiff and (Caerphilly), ditto (Junction with Merthyr Tredegar, &c.), Ramsgate, Ross, Forest of Deane, and Monmouth, hickmansworth, Amer sham and Chesham (level crossings). Stamford and Essendine (Sibson Extension), Salisbury and Yeovil (additional lands), Stonehouse and Nailsworth Extension, Surrey and Sussex Junction, Swansea and Oys termouth, South Wales Mineral, Scottish North-Eastern, Scottish North-Eastern and Scottish Central, Scarborough, Whitby, and Stathes ; Shrewsbury and Potteries Junction, South Cheshire, Southampton and Netley, Scottish Central (Dundee and Newtyle), ditto (extension of station), Shrewsbury Bridges, South Wales, Tenby, and Milford Haven Railways; Swansea Vale and Neath and Brecon Junction; Staines, Egham, and Working; Sunningdale and Yorkshire (with extention to Aldershott) ; Sheffield Chesterfield, and Staffordshire ; South Eastern (No. 1), ditto (N o . 2) ditto (No. 3), Stafford and Uttoxeter, Sunningdale and Cambridgetown, Somerset and Dorset Railway (Cheddar Valley and Yatton), ditto (extension to Shepton Mallet)—South Yorkshire (branches, &c.) Torbay and Brixham, Tooting, Merton and Wimbleadtal; Tendring Hundred, Thames Viaduct Railway, T h un and Tewkesburyand Malvern (additional lands), Totten) Hampstead Junction (Alexandra Park ExtensTioawroKtteitnt: Kitt ham and Hampstead J unction, TeiguValFleayr—rin gdon -stret, kill, and Cailington—Tottenham and Thames Tunnel—Totness, Buckfastleigh, Ashburton, and Newtown. Em- Vale of Criekhovvell, 'Victoria Station, and Thames bankment, Ventnor Tramway. W orees t e r, Dean Fores t, and A. lonmouth (Glorcstor Ex. THE POLISH INSURRECTION, WARSAW, Nov. 11. I spoke in a recent letter of the feverish anxiety with which the speech of the Emperor Napoleon was looked forward to in Warsaw. The day before the opening of the French Chambers numbers of persons went to church and prayed that God would enlighten the the Emperor and turn his heart to wards Poland. On the evening of the sth the most curiously contradictory rumours were in circulation as to what his Majesty had said, and when the German papers arrived with the text of the speech equally opposite interpretations were given to it. On the whole, however, the speech is much admired and is consir.iered encouraging. Hope,—" the miser able have no other medicine, but only hope,"—still remains to the Pol es ; th ey c li ng now to t h e s t raw held out to them in the shape of a projected Con gress, which if it were to take place could scarcely fail to bring on war. No regular war could injure the Poles so much as the war against national and family ties, as well as against life and property, of which their unhappy country is now the scene. Even if the Polish nation were to perish in the con flict, it would at least perish arms in hand ; but the fact is it is difficult to think of any combination for war purposes by which it would not almost cer tainly profit. No Pole imagines that the Polish question can be settled, as he would like to see it settled, by peaceful means, and the universal desire in Poland is, of course, that France should end by going to war with Russia. This does not prevent some of the Poles from reflecting that France is not likely to take such a step without an ally, nor from re membering that it is not very long since Russia arid France were on remarkably good terms. More than that, when the Austrian Diet of Princes was convened, Poles supposed to have close relations with the French Government were of opinion that the friendly understanding might be renewed, and that if Russia conld be tempted to make important concessions to the Kingdom by the promise of French assistance for projects of her own, Austria could be forced to give Cracow, and Prussia might even be induced to part with a small portion of the Duchy of Posen—keeping, of course, for herself the city with its strong fortress. In forming this pro ject of a restored Grand Duchy of Warsaw, in nar rower limits and under a Russian Prince, its authors counted not only without Russia, but also without the Polish nation, which at that time was convinced that the insurrection would lead inevi tably to a general war, or at least that the three Powers who had engaged in a hopeless diplomatic intervention would finally be compelled to assume a hostile and menacing attitude towards Russia, even if all did not go to the length of taking up arms. Of such a result the Poles must have ceased to think, and it is at least more possible now than it was two months ago that if France can gain nothing for them by the sword, they would as a last chance accept what France might be able to procure for them by good offices, and by coming to terms with their great oppressor on other questions. The Poles, it must be remembered, take it for granted that the Emperor Napoleon, for the sake of his own position in France, must do something for them, and, therefore, it is argued that if he finds himself left to act entirely alone on their behalf he will have no course open to him but to offer the hand of friendship once more to Russia, and make the best possible friendly bargain for them, even at the expense of Austria. In thinking of such a solution as this the Poles, no doubt, reflect that if Austria has not helped the Russians to suppress the present insurrection quite so openly as the Prussians, she has at least aided them to a very considerable extent, and of late to a greater extent than ever. Thus every endeavour is made to prevent the Galician bands from reaching the fron tier. They are fired upon as they go across, and their passage made known to the Russian troops on the other side ; their numbers and position are tele graphed from Lemberg to the Russian authorities at Warsaw, and when they are 3riven back and seek refuge on Austrian territory, they are disarmed and imprisoned. A most magnificent offer, however, would have to be made to Russia before she could be persuaded to allow a self-governing Kingdom of Poland to come into existence as large or larger than the one which has already caused her so much trouble, and proved to her such a fertile source of disgrace. Nor do the Poles, however intolerable their actual posi tion may be, ask at present for concessions from Russia. The object of their desire is not good go vernment under the Russian Crown, but separation from the Russians, whom they hate just now (and with reason) more than they ever hated them before. Moreover they feel themselves bound in honour to accept no terms from Russia, unless the Lithuanians, who have suffered more even than the inhabitants of Poland proper during the insurrection, are included in the compact. Even if the most valuable and improbable liberties were offered to them they could not declare themselves satisfied with them, while the Lithuanians are not allowed to make use of the Polish language, and are imprisoned for establishing Polish schools. Yet it has been surmised that the somewhat vague in quiry in the Emperor's speech, " Is it not urgent to recognise by new conventions what is irre vocably accomplished ?" may refer to the Lithu anian and Ruthenian provinces, which have been governed for the last 30 years on the same system as the rest of the Russian Empire, though by the Treaty of Vienna " national and representative institutions" are distinctly promised to them as to all other portions of " the Poland of 1772." But the fact is, Russia must care very little in the pre. sent day whether her right to abolish the language of all the educated classes in these provinces be questioned or not. She can get on very well with out treaties as far as Poland is concerned, and better without them than with them. Even Russia her self seems inclined to admit that she has not ob served the treaties of 1815 with any great fidelity, for in the edition of the Imperial speech, prepared for the use of paternally-governed Poland, and pub lished in the Official Journal of Warsaw, I find the Words "does n o t res p ec t t h em " g i ven as an admis sible equiv a l ent f or " l es Jou l e au p i ed. " i coof n an c h e : B e io i n s:a to or p e o o l v a e n r d , t i h n is eo g n re fo a r t ra d i iffi ty c w ul i t t y h ian friendly e en w d a ly representation on arr angement by w hi c h Russia should make Napoleon—. that any the su bj ec t f rom t h e E mperor atnryet to onc w es a s r io d n s s F m ra a n d e e e under such dis circumstances would help _ to maintain the Poles in their attitude of us trust towards Russia. Th(, Russian Government runt wish, ebovo all thing 4, t o diminish, and, it p(m. The Supposed Murder at Guildford. i pea matted ti had n d b m Yesterday afte r n oo n Mr. Capron, the borough coroner, resumed, in the Council Chamber, Guild ford, the inquest o n th e body of Elizabeth Waterer, the young wom an f oun d in a bedroom at the Coach makers' Arms beerhouse, North-street. The ser geant, Mahaig, who was found lying by her side with his throat cu t, was present. He was exceed atp ota as e ol , ny w o eeu h xs ingly weak, and l oo k e d much dejected. The evidence tak en a t the former sittings of the Court was read over by the Coroner, who asked Mahaig if he w i s h e d' to propose any questions to the witnesses, to no d or s hake his head. He, how ever, declined to as k an ything. Professor T a yl or , o f G u y' s Hospital, who, at the instance of th e S ecretary ' of State, had made an i a p ee r a nfk r . e a pud t rn e e Nds e p orn o . v r ole t o th n r a i s y r l c h c analysis of th e stomac h, was then examined. He sa:d that on t h e 19th o f Noe emb e r he re ceived. from Mr. Philips, at Guy's Hospital, two s da f r nl e r a i en t h ae i d u fi oy a r d b a c, n e t s eh p u s e i t r rpr om is o i a by Mr. Phillip s; th e ot h er port i on (N o. 2) h a d no t. in either. On Thursday last Mr. Phillips met him at Guy's Hospital, and he showed him the results he had obtained. They applied 'an additional test, and the result was that neither by chemical test nor by the microscope could they detect strychnia. In order to judge whether their premises were correct, they introduced a very minute quantity of strychnia, and the result was that it produced ad the usual chemi cal changes, showing that strychnia would have been detected had it been present. Mr. Phillips handed him a sixpenny packet of Butler's " Vermin Killer." It weighed 15 grains, and be found on testing it that it contained strychnia w ithout crys tals. He had since made a further analysis, and found it was chiefly composed of flour end soot, and two grains of strychnia. Four grains was sufficient to kill a woman. He had analysed these packets before, and be found them to vary greatly. He found no soot in the stomach of the deceased. A person might die from a small portion of strychnia, and yet none would be found in the stomach, as some portion of it would be taken into the blood by absorption. The poison which kills is usually not that which is found in the stomach, but in the blood, where it mortally operates. The large quan tities of food in :he stomach, rapid absorption, and other causes would prevent in some measure the operation of poison on the stomach, and of course it would not be so visibly perceptible in the stomach itself. He bad heard what Mr. Phillips had said about an indication of the presence of stry eh nia, and he could account for it. One of the tests for the poison gave a very strong colour to the organic matter in the stomach, and led to the presumption of the presence of strichnia ; but they also applied a colourless test, which indicated no such presence. From the general state of the organs of the body in this case, as described, he should think that strychnia had probably been in action ; at least the contracted state of the heart, the con dition of the tongue, &c., were compatible with such a supposition. The state of the heart and lungs was the chief point they looked to for indications of this poison. He should not consider that death from suffocation would produce such appearances as those here presented. There did not appear to be any escape of blood from the seats of pressure on the neck, the marks on which he could not refer to any violence of that kind. There might, indeed, be gentle pressure, so as not to produce marks of violence, but he should hardly be inclined to assign the death to that cause. In two recent cases of murder by strangulation there were clinched hands and marks of violence. The non-rigidity of the body after putrefaction was not an evidence of the absence of strychnia. In answer to the Coroner, Professor Taylor said he summed up the result of his exami nation thus :—That the condition of the heart and lungs of the deceased are more consistent with death by strychnia than any other cause he knew of; that the absence of any indentation or laceration of the neck, the absence of effusion of blood in the parts corresponding to the marks seen on the outside, and the absence of any signs of resistance of the body when alive, are adverse to the supposition that the deceased died from strangulation ; and that the absence of congestion of the heart and lungs is also adverse to the theory of suffocation. Professor Taylor added that, though he did not wish to make any suggestion, yet he thought that all the facts of the case as detailed in the evidence might be ex plained by the supposition Of the deceased having taken about one-fourth of the powder. She could not have swallowed much of it, or some colouring matter must have been detected in the stomach or its contents. He could not believe that she died a natural death. Wm. Humphreys, recalled, identified Mahaig as the man whom he had seen in Elizabeth Waterer's company on Sunday e vening, Nov. 1. The following letter from Mahaig to the sergeant major of his regiment was then read: — Guildford. Nov. 3, 1863. Sir,—l presume in sending you these few lines, as I know you are always a good friend. I send you this as a favour. I hope you will accept the same for me, as I am about to take my departure from this world. And I hope you will take care of yourself as regards company, as it has brought ins to this ruin ; but I give no blame to them. I conclude with my best respects to all the sergeants. JOSEPH MAHAIG. My medal I will forward to the colonel. Good bye. The next letter was found in the bedroom of the beerhouse:— Guilford, 3d of the 10th month. Dear Mother,—l think it rather strange your not answering my last letter which I sent. I think it very un kind in your not doing so In a short time you will send to me a long farewell, as I am about togo with Joseph K. Mahaig, of the 3d Regiment at Aldershot. I think my time will be very short in this world, as I am very much attached to him. I blush when I intimate this to you, but as a mother, you must know what youth is. As I have made up my mind rather than part with him to partake of some deadly draught. But do not blame him for this; as you will see in the news of the limes or hear of both our names. Very likely he will get the blame for this ; but I hope as regards my declaration you will contradict it. Dear mother, I now kindly bid you all farewell, and as we will not meet in this world I hope we shall in the world to come. My boxes are at Guildford railway station, there is two in num ber. If you will go there you can have them. There's also a dress at nay place, which you can ask the cook for. I roust conclude at present. Good evening, with my best respects to all inquiring friends. May God of Ills iefiaite mercy tension)—West Yorkshire— Worcester, Leominster, and Bromyard—Weston Super Mare, Axbridge, Cheddar, and Wells—West Super Junction, Waterford and Wexford, Wilts and Gloster, West Riding and Grimsby, Wellington and Drayton, West Norfolk Junction, Watford and Edge ware Junction, West Shropshire Mineral (new lines), ditto, alterations, Wallingford and Watlington, Woodgreen and Enfield, Wrexham, Mold, and Connah's Quay—Waltham stow, Clapham, and City—Weald of Kent, Wolverhampton and Bridgemark, Wimbledon and Brixton, West Drayton, Staines and Woking—Whitland, Tenby, and Milford Haven —Wensum Valley—the total number of projects being 300. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TlMES.—There has been no delay in appointing a successor to the great office which the certain re signation and only too probable death of Lord Elgin have rendered vacant. It was considered desire able that the new Governor-General should depart for the sphere of his duties by the mail which leaves this country on the 10th of this month. The list of persons qualified by rank and talents to hold an office which requires the greatest ability and de votion to the public service, but which the prescrip tion of the last thirty years seemed to have de cided must be held by a Peer, was soon run through. Some were disqualified by age—a melan choly experience having recently made it only too plain that those who go to discharge the tre mendous duties and responsibilities of this anxious and laborious office, if they commence their expe rience of India after the meridian of life,rgo only to seek an honourable but certain grave. Others, possessed of rank, wealth, and high connexion—of everything that gives a charm and attraction to life, were unwilling to run the risk of what has come to be regarded as a dangerous service; while others found in the political prospects which were open to them a counter attraction too powerful to be re sisted. It has been happily determined, then, to break through the charmed circle which has so long restricted the office of Governor-General to the Peerage, and to send out to the empire which was formed by the exertions of Robert Clive and Warren Hastings not only a commoner, but a commoner wholly unconnected with any family of the English aristocracy. The person, how ever, on whom the choice of the Govern ment has rested is a man stamped by the hand of nature with the truest impress of nobility, and though not born, to inherit aristocratic titles is pe culiarly calculated to create them. Every one will recognise from this description that the new Go vernor-General of India is Sir John Lawrence. If past services can be admitted as giving a title to positions of honour and command, as well as proving the fitness of him who has rendered them, no living man has a claim to be intrusted with the govern ment of India at all comparable to the claims of our new Viceroy. He has saved the empire which he is destined to administer. Placed in a newly con quered and turbulent province, which nothing but his genius and firmness could have reduced in eo short a period to anything like order, cut off from the slightest possibility of assistance from any quarter, intrusted with the lives of the whole Euro pean population of the Punjab, with nothing but a small military force and his own undaunted courage to rely on, the mutiny of 1857 found Sir John Law rence in a position in which it would have been thought a great triumph to preserve the interests more immediately committed to him from destruc tion. That, however, was not the view which Sir John Lawrence took of his duty. Many felt then, and all see now, that upon the success of the siege of Delhi depended the existence of our power in India. If we had not taken Delhi, we should have lost the country ; though it is certainly possible that, by enormous efforts and sacrifices, we might have succeeded in reconquering it. The siege of Delhi owed its success to Sir John Lawrence. Without his energetic remonstrances, it would have been aban doned; without his foresight, fertility of resource, and unflinching resolution, the siege of Delhi would have failed. Out of his own slender resources, in the midst of a population only watching for the least symptom of weakness to rise in insurrection, Sir John Lawrence contrived to organise the means of transport for stores, artillery;and munitions of every kind, and, above all, those reinforcements under Nicholson, without which success could never have been achieved. At the same time he suppressed with a strong hand the mutiny of his own native troops, and held his province without any of those disastrous reverses which befel us in so many other parts of our empire. But it is not only on the ground of past services that the elevation of Sir John Lawrence to the office of Governor-General is to be justified, but on the powers for command and orga nisation which those services have drawn forth and made manifest. No man has more power over native races, no man possesses more the faculty of giving them as much of European civilisation as they are capable of receiving. The collection of revenue and the administration of justice in the Punjaub under Sir John Lawrence have become the model for all the non-regulation provinces. The procedure in civil causes, mainly, we believe, the invention of Sir John Lawrence himself, was the precursor of that code of procedure which has worked so happy a revolution among the dilatory Courts of India. From among the men trained by Sir John Lawrence have been found those best fitted for high and difficult trusts, and the maxims of his policy have become a sort of tradition among many who never knew their author. He has the credit of possessing, if not a profound knowledge of finance, a peculiarly clear and quick insight into its difficulties. If we add to all this a character of the most perfect simplicity, truth, and conscientious ness, we have given the portrait of a man whose appointment to exercise sway over the destinies of a hundred and fifty millions of the human race is amply, and more than amply, justified. There have been periods in the history of India when a man such as Sir John Lawrence would have been the very ideal of a Viceroy, bringing order out of chaos, tempering justice with mercy, and overwhelming by the force of his character those who might not be prepared to yield to the wisdom of his counsels. At present India demands rather the development of her internal resources, the adaptation of European ideas to her government, her agriculture, her commerce, and all the arts of life; the diffusion of an education calculated to raise the 'people from their degraded state, the improvement of means of trans port, and the care of the health of the soldier. We believe that in these and similar matters Sir John Lawrence, with the versatility of true genius, will be found as much at home as ,he has been in the arts necessary to reclaim a barbarous people and to crush a cruel and treacherous enemy. Indeed, when we compare the qualifications which he is known to possess with those which have been proved to belong to the best of •his predecessors when they entered on the administration of Govern ment, we can scarcely admit the possibility that he may be found less adapted for a period of peace and commercial development than he has undoubtedly shown himself for a period of war, of treachery, and of danger. We have only one further remark to make. Sir John Lawrence is well known to be a man of strong religious feeling, and is generally supposed to advocate more active measures for the propagation of Christianity in India than the gene ral opinion of those to whom her government is in trusted would be inclined to recommend. We do not doubt that in this, as in so many other cases, that practical good sense which has never deserted him will not fail to attend him, and that neither the stability of our empire nor the cause of civili zation and enlightenment will suffer by too ardent a wish to anticipate a change which can only be the result of temper, patience, and long-suffering. HERALD. —Onr readers are doubtless familiar with the anecdote of the housemaid who protested that there was no dust or dirt in her jurisdiction, "It was the nasty sun." A similar philosophy seems to prevail with the parochial authorities of Bethnal green. There is no special dirt or disease in their immaculate parish, so they tell us—the only actual nuisances are Dr. Moore and the coroner. True to this conviction, the rulers of the parish are doing their best to suppress both the one and the other, and the energies of the vestry and the board of guar dians are directed to the snuffing out of Dr. Moore and the shutting up of the coroner's court. In the midst of the parochial turmoil thus excited, we hear the stately tones of the Home Office, inquiring what is the meaning of this uproar, and directing the attention of the local authorities to certahinto lega l y considerations. Perhaps it is not too much m uch that no parish in the kingdom comman ds sthe metro of public attention at the present tim e and the reek in g politan parish of Bethnal-peen. The li in upon the domain of beactledom r , e placed in full dens of that hatless region ght is let view of the public eye. But v distinctness, and fact accumulates with st artling ino e the very Government is dat the horrid spectacles, theaalthough f a ct upon parish a uthorities have the hardi hood to reproach, n ot themselves, but those func• t i o naries who yet remain faithful to their trust, and who bravely let in the li ght up on this Bu t for scene of filth, a f ever , and desola tion. medical officer who h a d spirit enough to risk the loss of place and fa coroner' who was willing your , but for a to brave all the petty annoyances of a parish officially hostile to his functions, and but for the ready interposition of the public press, all the horrors of Bethnal-green might have existed unknown to the community at large, and unaffected by the force of public opinion. The sun shines upon the fever nest, and its hideous uncleanness appals the heart cf society, however indifferent the constituted authorities may continue to be. It takes a good deal to convince some people, and it evidently takes very much to make the parochial magnates of Bethnal-green practically coneciolle of tb , .! aboraination4 by vhich they are surrounded. They can discern much to objec' to in Dr. Moore or Mr. Coroner Humphrey, b u t they can see nothing particularly ob. noxious in Hollybush-gardens or other chosen localities, where it is next to impoosible for a child. to live. There is war in Bethnal-green, and there is death. The authorities are not disposed to attack the fever, but they are determined to attack v the doctor. Time and energy required for the saving of precious lives are de-voted to the raking up o f accusations against the facer of health who has sanitary evils of the dared to expose the prev alent death is doing be its parish. In the meantime rrors is not to terrible work. The King of To, ns and captious alketh in dark beaten back by angry resolutio charges. The pestilence which w, ness, and the arrow which flieth by day, are de ckling. It is stroying the young child and the au not too much to say that public feeling is outraged. by the every-day history of Bethia al-green. A. a m using under parochial squabble may be very certain circumstances, but not in th.e. midst ef a graveyard, where little coffins are bet ng conti mothers nually dropped into the ground, and when, nod by • are weeping over poisoned babes — p oise official contumacy. If the vestry and the guar- dians of Bethnal-green are so infatuated as to think that the community at large is looking upon their parish with the same eyes as themselves ,they are greatly mistaken. The public are not to be gulled into the idea that all this uproar is occa sioned simply by a fussy, impetuous, intriguing medical officer or popularity - hunting coronar. Society at large knows better than this. The facts do not rest upon the sole testimony of Dr.- Moore. The senior surgeon of the Great Northern Hospital, being summoned as a witness into court, deposes to the sanitary history of one particular family in Hollybush-gardens. Out of six children in this family, all originally healthy, four are attacked with scarlatina, two die and two remain in a very precarious state. The two that died did. not succumb to the fever, but "died during the' ordinary stage of convalescence." The little strec gth which the fever left them, and which would :have borne them up into health again under ordinarily favourable circumstances, was insufficient to enable them to contend with a malaria so intense that—. lo we are told—the adult population were thereb:,q robbed of sleep during the night, and could not; enter their backyards without being made sick« The witness to whom we have just alluded stated in his evidence that (in reference to Hollybush gardens) "the soil in all directions seemed saturated' by the exudations of the cesspools, " and the air simply stunk." This gentleman (Mr, John Gay) further stated that " children attacked by zvmotie diseases springing from such a source would have hardly a chance of struggling against their effects in an atmosphere so foul." As remedial mea sures he recommended that the privies shouid be trapped, an abundant water supply introduced , drainage laid down, and the very ground iteelf deodorised. Finally, Mr. Gay advised that the convalescent children should be removed, "se otherwise their death was inevitable." Do tha parochial authorities believe all this ? Or do they think that they are mere fictions of some heated imagination P Hollybush-gardens have been com plained of in Dr. Moore's official report to the guardians a month ago, and " he believed that he had made a similar report some months back." Fur ther, " he was not aware that any steps had been taken in consequence." So far as professional evi dence goes, Dr. Samuel Pearce also prof: ounces Hollybush-gardens " decidedly noxious to health." The jury decided in this particular case, thai the poor little victim of five years old died from the mor tal effects of the impure atmosphere which pre veiled in the locality, and they further declared that "great blame is due to the parochial autho rities, inasmuch as they ought to have remedied such a state of things long ago." In addition to this, the jury condemned the property in question as unfit for the abode of human beings, and declared—" That the inhabitant s ought to quit until the said Hollybush-garden s be deodorised and rendered fit for human habi tation." The verdict is very special and very distinct. If after this and all preceding admonitions, the autho rities of Bethnal-green are still determined to stand by their nuisances, some vigorous measures need be enforced to bring these brazen boobies to thei r senses. Fever is not a thing to be slighted, particu larly in a large and crowded city. The disease mial spread, and Heaven knows how far it may go. la a lecture given by Dr. Moore on Friday ni g ht, lie made it sufficiently clear for popular apprehensio n that scarlet fever naturally and inevitably resulted from a certain gas which abounds in cesspool via. "But the disease so generated was contagious. Its virulence was indicated by the instance in which he noticed a child playing over a sewer grating, an in four hours that child was dead. As for the con tagious character of the disease, he had brought borne the infection to his own family. Disease of this tie' ture is not to be trifled with, and the authorities of a single parish must not be allowed either to slaugh ter the poor by official neglect in their own juris diction, or to let loose upon the metropolis an in fectious disease which may ultimately introduce suffering and death where the originating causes are not permitted to exist. Bethnal-green is an offen der against every metropolitan parish cleaner than itself—and we hope it is not possible to find a dirtier. COUNTRY MARKETS. -----+----__- COLCHESTER—Nov. 28. There was a fair supply of wheat at our market to-daY, and the demand was good. No change in prices. Wheat, white 44s 50s Beans, Mazag an .. 28s 3 30 , 4 24 3° red 40s 44s middle & sm all.32s Barley Oats . ... . 20s 25s grey ...... 34s 360 GLOUCESTER—Nov. 28. There was a plentiful show of English wheat for which the currencies of last week were maintained._ Foreign wheat held for an advance of is on the pric es of last week. Oats, barley, beans, and pea s were du ll, but unaltered in value. to -day, CHELMSFORD —Nov. 27. At this corn exchange to-day there w as a m in advance moderate busi ness done. The prices of las-, wee k were ls for fine sorts. Other sorts firm, but not dearer. Barley in large supply, at .1s per quarter cheaper. A fair busi" ness in other articles, and prices unchanged. Wheat, old white 30 s 47s Yeas, Partridge, „. 36s 39 0 new 44s 48s White 38s 3 .?! old red....34s 40s Boiling 22s 31s 390 '!-'', new 38s 42s Dun 330 _ 4 " Barley 27s 36s Ditto new .. .. - -0 .---'- ogg Chevalier ..28s 39s Beans, Tick, d.. .34s Grinding Malt. new. .. 61s 67s Harrow Ticks ..35s 4" Chevalier . 64s 69s Oats 20s 288 Mazagan. .......30a 0" new.. ---s Z.'9.1 KIRKCALDY GRAIN—Nov.'2B. „ a t our We had large suppli es o f a ll descriptions of gra': i s per market to-day, which sold freely. Wheat and oats qr higher than last week. Wheat. Barley. Oats- First....34s Od I 25s 6d I 16s Od Second ..36a Od 27s Od 17s 6d Od 30s Od 19s Od COAL D Prism of Coal per Ton at ,SET. ----- - - the close of the market. e. d. Hastings Hartley ....16 6 Lambert's West Hart- Walls End. 6 Kelloe .......... .18 n South Kenos.. ........ 18 n v Hartlepool ......... • • 1 , 8 ,0 East Hartlepool ...... A Hettoll .............. 19 ; Wharucliffe ......... . 11 "6 Belmont ...... . ....... 17 Braddylr Hatton ..... 1 8 South Het ton ......... 19 Russers Hatton ...... 18 Haugh .......... 18 u Cass op ............... 1 8 9 1 7 8 6 Tunsta ll . ..... North Hart1ep001......16 0 >t, 82 ; sold, 76. ley 15 3 Wylam 17 0 Holywell ..17 0 West Hartley ..15 6 Eden Main 17 9 Cowpen Hartley 15 6 Davison's West Hart- ley 16 6 Walker Primrose 14 9 Tanfield Moor Butes 15 6 Walls End. Haswell _l9 0 Ships at mark, Births. h th a2 6ud u tiaht l ui t lt a tt .e7 t :.At,he Chilton BLEWITT.—On the 28th ult., at Pinner, Mrs. Blewitt , • oi a daughter. CH the wife Cromwell-place, 1' 8 " A yNct i ra t TB : s TD013. 0 1 11 it ti e : t 2 h 207 6 fet Rectory, of the Rev. E. M. Chaplin, of a daughter. d wingfield, of a son, lion. Mrs. Marriages. BEUCE—WOODRUFPK.—On the 28th ult., at St. Ea rl3 ' 3 )ls: Church, Kensington, William Bruce, Esq., M- I) ,''„°: ter The Crescent, Kensi ng t on , t o Ch ar l otte , third daughter of Mrs. JohnWoodruff e , of 11, Richmond-terrace , water. ter' l4 RICARDO—PEI:Mi.—O n th e 28th ult , at Saint e 0 d Baton-square, Francis Ricardo Es ' of The Fri al l',.;ao Perry. V lindsor, to Louisa Jane, second daughter of BEA.MAN.—On the 29th D ni e t a , t a h t s il . ammersmith, 30. , Geo. Hule Beaman, late of Henrietta-street, Covent-Prdenl COCK 39 —On the 29th ult., at the Court Lo d g e, aged . Kent, Albert Cock, Esq., aged 40. 'rhos , JOYNSON.—On the 27th ult , at Liscard, Cheshire, ---- Joynson, Esc., aged 55. . , TAl kilst LUKIN.—On the 27th ultat Putney, Cecil E. G. '- ~ Esq., aged 53. K o s s MALONE.—On the 27th ult., at the Royal Naval ...- tat, Plymouth, Edmund Malone, Esq., It.N. iti,shalit MESBAN —On the 28th ult., at Canonbury, 11.C..'—'' Esq., of 16, America-square, aged 58. Appledoroo t Dodg e, WINGFIELD.—On the 26th ult., at Maid's Moreton Buckingham, the Hon. Mrs. Edward Wingfield. London : Prinzed and Published by WILLIA.AIA-- itz "T r; We, of No. il2, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN ()Mee 14 1 .; Strand, _n the ['Menet of the 3avoy. II the COlldqf" bliddleeex,—Tuesday, December 1, 180. 4 .a. Thy ? A . N . . T R RFC t Alt 040 8] Coy i, -, - At 'Com, the I shovi That Agat Givit That iesi On w 'that Thac Th: e . Ih " Th 4 to m!) - Preie afford and a with Jr ir e ' be ve Sp y full p cornl Lif addit: D ~'.i: , antri 1 1111:4 Po/ the h to Ni . 3),11 . 91 ' r Tli 101101 MAI and - -DEE eon ; AIR celeb] An, I'IAIN. Coy w. h< poet Op ( b All inelth (the Mars' t the et an et , this • We n d India ti ens 41413 Ifj( It -mad e Gr an VAL coltin 4 - l ezei --____ Atajo ~_ _ 'IP sr,cio, 'Wif e Sia n] Par a; elk . ..,... Aj St -A he ss Pend and _„qua futo n . taw es - m to 3s duce, to 3s 1714p4 1,009 Jard artic Th fine I turn, orna ea - 8T; cost] ha t] 4