The Sun. — London, England, 1863-02-13 00:00:00

wS. LINDSAY, Nl.P.—The Rising Genera • tion—Our Prize Essays—Mrs. Grundy 's Gossiping, &e., in FUN this week. One Fenny. Of all Newsmen. OYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT GARDEN.Ib Under the Management of Miss Louisa Pyne and Mr. W. Harrison, sole Lessees. THIS EVENING Wallace's new Opera of LOVE'S TRIUMPH : Miss Louisa Fyne, and Mdme. Laura Baxter ; Messrs. George Perren, W. H. Weiss, H. Corti, A. Cooke, and W. Harrison. Conductor—Mr. A. Mellon. Alter which, the Grand Comic Cwriatmas Pantomime, en titled HARLEQUIN BEAUTY AND.THE BEAST. Doors open at hall-past 6—nommence at 7. THE AT RE-R OYA L, DRURY-LANE.- Lessee and Manager, Mr. Edmund Falconer. THIS EVENING, DON CiESAR DE BAZIN. Mes , rs. Henry Lorraine, Sineair, Chas. Selby; Mrs. Bowers, Mrs. Edmund Falconer, Miss H. Howard, &c. After which, the Grand Pantomime of LITTLE GO 3DY TWO SHOES. Commence at 7. THEATRE -ROYAL, HAY MARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Bnckstone. THIS EVENING, at Seven o'clock, will be performed OUR AMERICAN COUSIN. Asa Trenchard, Mr. Buck stone ; Lord Dundreary, Mr. Sothern. Atter which, a new and ori ,, inal Extravaganza, entitled RASSELAS, PRINCE OF ABYSSINIA; or, The Happy Valley. Rasselas, Miss Louise Keeley. Concluding- with OUR MARY ANNE. THEATRE•ROYAL LYCEUM OPEN, under the Sole Management of Mr. FECHTER. THIS EVENING, Feb. 13, to commence with an Original Sketch, entitled A SUDDEN ATTACK. Messrs. Shore, Garden, G. Widdicomb, Miss Henrade, and Mrs. Lee. After which, at a Quarter to Eight, a New Romantic Drama, in Three Acts, and Pr)logue, entitled THE DUKE'S MOTTO, by Paul Feval and John Brougham. The principal character will be sust ained by Mr. Fechter, supported by Messrs. G. Vining, J. Brougham, H. 1 , , iddi combe, W. lkl'lntyre, F. Charles, Garden, Raymo Tend, H. Butler, Dawson ; Misses Carlot ta Leclercq, Kate rry, E. Lavenuc, and Elsworthy. Mr. Phelps and Mr. W. Montgomery are engaged, and will shortly appear. Toors open at half-past Six, performance to commence at 13cven. Private Boxes, £2 12s. dd., and £2 2s. Places regiutered. Stalls, 6s. 6d.: Dress Circle, ss. 6d.; Upper Circle, 4s. 6d. Prices at doors—Stalls, 6s. ; Dress Circle, ss. ; Upper Circle, 4s. ; Pit, 2s. ; Gallery, ls. No half-price. Box office open daily from 11 till 5. The public are entreated to take notice that no charge is made to the occupants of boxes, box places, or stalls, either for play bills or for the safe keep ing of hats and cloaks and that the attendants in all parts of the house are forbidden to receive any gratuities whatever Stage-Manager, Mr. G. Vining. Acting-Manager, Mr. H. Barnett. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr Lindus. THIS EVENING, LAW v. LOVE : Miss M. Oliver. Followed by ONE GOOD TURN DESERVES AN OTHER. Mr. R. Roxby and Miss Amy Sedgwick. After which, the New Grand CHRISTMAS PANTOMIME, " PIQUET WITH THE TUFT ; or, Harlequin and Mothe , . Shipton." Mr. G. Belmore, Mr. C. Seyton, Misses Gray and II udspeth, Mr. Milano, Mr. R. Power, Miss A. Collinson, and Mr. Half ord. NEW THTZATRE-R0 YAL, ADELPHI.- Sole Proorletor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING (3d time) a new comedietta, entitled A GREY MARE. Mr. J. L. Toole and Miss Marie Wilton. After which, A VALENTINE : Messrs. J. L. Toole, Paul Bedford, Miss Kate Kelly, and Miss Seaman. To be followed by "GEORGE DE BARNWELL : or, Harlequin Folly in the Realms of Fancy." Miss Woolgar, Miss K. Kelly, Miss Seaman ; Messrs. J. L. Toole, P. Bed ford, Slephenson, C. J. Smith. Harlequin, Mr. John Lauri; columbine, Miss Caroline Adams ; Clown, Mr. W. Hildyard ; I's ntaloon, Mr. J. Paulo. The celebrated Arthur and Lertrand. Commence at 7. The Weather.--Sun Office, Feb. 13, 1863. THERMOMETER , Highest since Noon yesterday Lowest during the night This day at N00n.... • Barometer-30.65. Wind—S.E. ; light, with fine sunshiny weather. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. T xis DAY.—Morning, Bh. 3.sm.—Afternoon, 9h. 20m. To-moßnow.-Morning, 9h. 59m.—Afternoon, 10h. 60m. c f • .44, . 43 \—,ollllt, _ jg" 01130.,:t7rtfi,-C4:„:)."l"'_.,lgeO LONDON, FRIDAY, FEB. 13, 1863. In the House of Lords, yesterday, Lord RAVENSWORTH inquired about the report of the Commissioners concerning the Harbours of Refuge. He said that now, when there was a sur plus in the revenue, was the time for the Govern ment to set about new works of that description• Such a course would have the advantage of em ploying the convicts, and of providing employment for the manufacturing district 3. The Duke of SOMERSET said that the Govern. ment had resolved not to undertake any new en gagements until the works at Holyhead, Portland, Dover, and Alderney should be completed. It had been proved that shipowners and others were averse to paying tolls, and no districts were desirous of contributing to such expenses. The subject then dropped, and their lordships adjourned. In the House of Commons, Mr. GIBSON said, in answer to Mr. Bentinck, it was not the intention of Government to bring for ward any measure to interfere with the system of railways, as at present constituted, for the purpose of preventing railway accidents. The number of these casualties had considerably decreased lately. Mr. Gibson also stated that it was his intention to introduce a bill for the purpose of diminishing the expenses of passing private bills through Parlia ment, therefore he trusted Mr. Whalley would wait before he proceeded further with his on the same subject. Mr. VILLIERS moved for leave to bring forward a bill to extend the provisions of the Union Relief Aid Act of last session. In the present distress in Lancashire it was considered of consequence to make some alteration in the Poor Law. The bill of last session had a provision by which districts rated in excess were enabled to call on the county to contribute to a poor rate for their relief. Seven out of twelve unions in a condition to benefit by the net had done so ; therefore there was no reason that the act should continue inoperative. Among the distressed districts a general desire pre vailed for the continuance of the act, and he believed the house would not refuse to sanction it. Colonel PATTEN allowed the necessity of the act, but suggested some alterations. He said that the provisions of the act would have been totally in adequate to relieve the evil, had not subscriptions from all parts of the civilised world been sent in in such numbers, amounting, he believed, to £1,400,000. Lord STANLEY suggested that the continuance of the measure should be limited to six months,and not a year. Then, before the close of the session, they would be enabled to note if any further steps were necessary for the emergency of the case. Mr. Alderman SYDNEY said he thought that there was as much suffering in Coventry and other places as in Lancashire. Mr, COBDEN approved of Lord Stanley's plan of fixing six months for the bill. He said that next 'inter would be the most serious time in the dis trict if the war in America was not then over, since it must t a k e two years before we could hope for cotton from any other quarter. Mr. VILLIERS said he would content himself with int r oducing the bill then, an d a f terwar d s fi x the time of its extension when he had considered these arguments. The biil was then read a first time, Mr. GIBSON obtained leave to 11.3ra.e. in a bill to special tl acts, regulate the exercise of powers under for the construction and maintenanc e A new writ was issued for the election o f e6r m aP ,L B. ber for Devizes in place of Captain a Gladstone,---- deceased. The house adjourned at a quarter to eight. The great question which is just now so closely aift.cting our national well-being was last night brought under the consideration of parliament. Mr. VILLIERS proposed a renewal of his bill of last year, which, though limited and partial in its character, still attempts in some degree to deal with the evil. Mr. VILLIERS himself considered that the bill had not effected all it might have done, by reason of that spontaneous flow of charity, which diminished the necessity of the distressed parishes availing themselves of Government aid. " Of the 500,000 persons relieved during the last six months," said the President of the Poor Law Board, " more than one half have been relieved by voluntary contributions." Such a fact speaks well for national generosity, and the contributions which have so liberally poured in from our colonies are in some respects still more gratifying. Colonel WILSON PATTEN, the able and indefatigable secre tory of the Central Relief Fund, alluded to the munifieent contributions of the dependencies of the Crown. Australia has sustained her name of the gold country by supplying English need with no less than £46,000. Colonel WILSON PATTEN said that sums, amour ting in some instances to over £l,OOO, had been forwarded from places in the colonies. with whose very names he had scarcely been acquainted. Wherever an Eng lishman was to be found it was enough for him to know that one of the most busy and populous districts in the old country was in need, and the name of Englishman proved the " open sesame" to his coffers. Whatever the evils to be feared from the long continuance of enforced idle ness and dependence, there is a silver lining to the cloud in the ready sympathy and kindliness it has called forth, and the good feeling between class and 1 class which it has fostered and strengthened. With regard to the Bill itself, there seems to be no valid objection to it as a temporary measure ; although we agree with the noble lord the member for King's Lynn, in thinking it unwise to fetter the House by committing it to any system for a lengthened period. Hasty legislation is, above all things, to be deprecated in this matter, for truly we know not what a day may brine forth. Should the present dearth of cotton continue, it is certain that no par tial or half-handed measure can meet the evil. Those best qualified to judge, while paying the highest tributes to the ready assistance of the public, warn us that we must not expect another million and a-half from voluntary subscriptions. Mr. COBDEN, in his brief, but clear and logical statement, last evening, reminded the House that half of the amount raised had been raised in the cotton districts themselves. He added to this the important assistance given by some mill-owners to their hands in the way of work, wages, food, &c., and pointed out that this could not be expected to continue in case of increasing local distress, by which the monied men of the county themselves would suffer. There is good reason to fear, too, that, in the face of further pressure, many of the present ratepayers will be forced down into the ranks of the applicants for relief. The two great questions of how to supply the population of the cotton districts with food and. with remunerative employment will then demand the immediate attention of the Legis lature. There is, however, another possibility which the most sanguine hardly dare to reckon upon, yet which, perchance, may " loom in the distance" of the coming months. The fratricidal struggle which has so long desolated a fertile and prosperous nation may come to a close, and it is whispered that many in the North are beginning openiy to express their weariness of the hopeless struggle. Free thought will make itself heard even in a democracy some times, and the growing discontent in New York may be felt even in the Cabinet of ABRAHAM LINCOLN. Let us hope and pray that it may be so; that the horrors of a merciless and purposi less civil war may no longer carry death and ruin to thousands of happy homes on the other side of the Atlantic ; and that our own people may reap the reward of their patience, their forbearance, and their courage in the resuscitation of their mighty , industrial life. Some time ago we hoard rumours of intended re ductions in the 'various estimates proposed to be laid before Parliament in the present session, and now we have an excellent guide to direct their course. Sir. S. MORTON PETO has just brought out a goodly volume on the subject of " Taxation ; its Levy and Expenditure," published by CHAPMAN and HALL in a style as remarkable for elegance in appear ance as attractive for its internal " getting up." This book will produce a sensation in Parliamentary circles, be they of the extravagant or economic type. Sir MORTON' has grappled with a mass of corruption in all departments of the State which will bring a nest of hornets about him ; but he is a bold man, and fears not. He has the interest of the country at heart, and enters into the task with earnest devo tion to do his duty as a patriot regardless of cen sure, because he means no personal offence. He is temperate in his comment but severe in the justice of his conclusions. He deals with our taxation, past and future, and enters into an inquiry of our financial policy in a spirit worthy of the late Sir ROBERT PEEL in his better days. Sir MORTON divides the subject into two sec tions—the first treating of the levy of taxes, and the second of the expenditure of those moneys. The first section contains nine chapters, comprising a general survey of the subject —the customs duties, property and income tax, the Post office, excise duties, assessed taxes, stamp duties, Crown lands and the collection of the revenue. The second section is made up of seven chapters—the gross expenditure, the army, the navy, miscellaneous expenditure, the Natidnal Debt, the civil list, general reflections, closing up with a luminous index, forming altogether 418 pages. It is a book that ought to be in the hands of every member who has any pretension to the character of a states man, and will be indispensable to all who wish to 5.,3 and compare how our vast taxation and ex penditure have acquired such momentous accu mulation. In his survey of th e su bj ec t Si r M. PETO takes a wide range and enters in a calm philosophical spirit into the very marrow of taxation, canvassing its objects—the manner in which they are carried out— and asks are the principles of our taxation sound or imperfect? Is our revenue raised from a willing or from a reluctant people ? Are our taxes ea nitable or unequally apportioned Is the burden light or grievous ? Is our expenditure well managed ? Does it admit of reduction consistently with the re quirements of the nation, and the proper protection of its interests ? These and others form the con siderations into which Sir M. PETO ventures to inquire into the multitudinous concerns of our vital interest, as a people anxious to pay their way in order to secure national independence. Rarely, indeed, does he find the subject debated as it should be, with freedom from party, and with sole reference to the best interests of the nation, and we fear never will while human nature considers self-interest the first law, however loudly it may talk of the general benefit of society. To preach and to practice are very different things,—no matter who the party is — self is the ruling motive and individual interest the guiding principle, at the expense of the many. So in our taxation we find the predominant class de vising imposts so a much as po ss ibl e from the operation of any parti cular tax, and imposings o texclude its pressure on the great body of the peopl e on the everybody's business is nobctiTsn,ci and therefore ple that what is cal culating on the remoteness of combination on the part of the many to test or question the motives of the ruling few. Thus those in p ower have it all their own way until their mismanagement provokes general indignation, and they are hurled from office to make room for fresh locusts as rapacious And more hungry than their predecessors. And so THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 13, 1563, the game goes on for the benefit of party at the expense of the people at large. With reference to taxation, Sir MORTON pro poses to examine the principles on which it is based, and supposes that we cannot have yet reached the limits of human discovery as to the best mode of dealing with the subject. He says that Sir ROBERT PEEL during the last twenty years has inaugurated a great improvement by espousing free-trade prin ciples, which he had hitherto strenuously opposed ; he unshackled the trade of the country, by which great results had been achieved, to the wonder of many and the greater benefit of more. Prior to 1842 the commerce of the nation was clogged and trammelled by more than a thousand different duties. In 1841 there were 1,162 different articles subject to Customs duties, the greater portion of winch brought little revenue to the public treasury, while they opposed formidable and vexatious ob stacles to the extension of trade. In 1862 there were only 44 articles chargeable with Customs' duties, and yet the revenue was wonderfully im proved by the repeal of the obnoxious imposts. The amount of duties levied in 1841 on 1,162 articles was £21,898,845; while in 1862 the 44 articles produced £24,036,000 ; giving an increase of £2,137,155. This has been the result of the policy of free-trade, and proves its wisdom. The declared value of exports of British and Irish produce from the United Kingdom was in 1841 only £51,545,116, it rose in 1860 to £135,842,000—a marvellous increase indeed, as the soothsayers of monopoly must ac knowledge ! But this is only the first fruits of the system of free-trade, which is yet in its in fancy; for oar exports to France and Switzerland from 1850 to 1860 doubled, and are still increasing since the late treaty with France. With Austria a great trade may yet be expected, for her population amounts to 38,000,000, her whole trade averag ing only 61d. par head per annum. While that of Francs and Switzerland averaged 310. per head. With China it is only 31d. per head on her population of 400,000,000, and India with only half that number, 191 d. ; while with the United States it amounts to 163 d., and with South Ame rica to 141 id. With Russia the balance of trade is decidedly against us, but when that immense coun try, with an area as great as her population is com paratively small, becomes penetrated with railways, and her wilderness of steppes and forests come within the pale of cultivation, and her people be- come civilised, we may expect great results from that eountry as well as from Austria, Spain, and Italy. But it is not from improvement in the com merce of these countries that we may expect such beneficial changes as, from the freedom and enlight ened character of their respective Governments, enabling their people to live and breathe and have their being in a quiet spirit of social liberty and political independence. Witness what enterprise achieves in Australia, with a population of scarcely two millions, doing a trade of £21,500,000 a year. Caking this as a sample of frce trade among a free people, what must it attain with a population of tour hundred millions in China and two hundred and twenty millions in India, within the limits of even the present generation ! But we must leave Sir MORTON PETO for the present to the inspec tion of those who seek information of the past and the more eager who are anxious for better doings in the future of our national taxation and " bloated" expenditure. The festivities attending city ceremonials are not often of great public interest, but the royal visit of yesterday was an exceptional case. It is the first occasion on which the Prince of WALES has appeared publicly among his future subjects as the chief actor in such a pageant, and it happily inau gurates that new and more proininent career on which the youthful Heir to the Throne is about to enter. The fact of his majority, together with his approaching marriage, wouid naturally have brought him henceforward more before the public, but owing to the lamented death of his illustrious father, and the loss of her MAJESTY'S foremost and most confiden- tial adviser, the responsibilities of his Royal High ness are very greatly increased. It is, therefore, eminently gratifying to find the youthful Prince so well qualified to take his due position ; and its being the occasion of his first address to his subjects invests the ceremony of yesterday with unusual interest. His words, though brief, expressed in fitting terms his sense of the courtesy of the citizens, and of the expectations formed of him. His allusion to his royal bride was conveyed in language which happily linked the glad felicita tions regarding his future happiness to the sym pathies which have clung round his widowed mother, as if to remind his hearers how deeply he was sensible of his filial responsibilities, and of his determination that the son should not be forgotten in the bridegroom and the heir apparent. The approaches to the Fishmongers' Hall were of course thronged with eager com petitors for the honour of seeing the Prince, and it will be a source of gratification to VICTORIA'S loyal subjects to learn that on the recent arrival of her MAJESTY at Windsor, the joyful welcome of her people was again allowed to greet her. We may, therefore, hope that a new era has be gun, and that the arrival of the young Princess may inaugurate happier days even for that royal Lidy, with whose grief the whole nation has so deeply and fervently mourned. Bygone sor. rows can never, it is true, be forgotten; but Time, so merciless in some cases, may prove a healer others, and the bright and pleasant visions of the future may soften in some measure the bitter recollections of the past. TICKET-OF-LEAVE SYSTEM.—In the reports of the county and borough inspectors for the year end ing Sept. 29, 1562, yesterday presented to Parliament, Major-General Cartwright, her Mjesty's Inspector of Constabulary, makes the following remarks, in reference to the question of a register for the ticket-of.leave men, which is absorbing the public interest at the present time :—" As far as my experience as a magistrate and an inspector of constabulary assists me, I do not scruple to state that nothing can be more unsatisfactory than the present system, both to the ticket-of-leave man and the public. Now, when a man of that class appears in any district he is the object of suspicion, aid becomes hunted down until he is obliged to fly, or, driven to despair,forced to return to his own evil habits to provide subsistence. If a general register and periodical appearance were in force, no coercion of this sort would be required ; but those who were really worthy of employment would, I am satisfied, have every reasonable chance of obtaining it. This ques tion, and that of discharged prisoners, are of the greatest importance to the public, and not second even to the refor matory movement which has been so successfully Parried out and held to bo so beneficial to the other criminals through out the country." DEATH FROM STARVATION.—On Monday after noon an inquiry was held at the Grasshopper Tavern, Charles-street, Whitechapel, by Mr. H. Raffles \Valthew, the deputy-coroner, respecting the death of Chas. Whitwell, aged 48 years, who died on Wednesday last. it appeared that deceased had been for some time un able to obtain employment, and had fallen into a condition of absolute starvation, and he had to wander about the streets without shelter. On Saturday week he applied at the Whitechapel Union, and was taken into the house. Dr. Champneyg said that so broken down from destitution was deceased upon his admission that he ordered him at once into the infirmary. On the Wednesday following he was found dead in a pool of blood between two beds. The change e from f comfort of the infirmary habitual anda h causedthe co d m o f tthe rupture streets to the a blood vessel. The verdict was—Death from rupture of a blood vessel, acelerated by destitution. LIVING LIKE A PRINCE.—A certain rich noble man, who keeps a French cook, accustomed to call his chef 46 Minister of the Interior," ~..~-_ ~. LATEST INTELLIGENCE, [REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.] AUSTRIA. VIENNA, FEB. 13. The exportation and carriage of arms, and parts of arms, scythes, ammunition, saltpetre, sulphur, and lead across the frontier to Russia, has been pro hibited by the Austrian Government. THE INSURRECTION IN POLAND, Sr. PETERSBURG, FEB. 13. The Journal de St. Petersbourg of today publishes news from Kiew of yesterday's date. A band of 2,000 insurgents occupied Dibienka, upon the frontier of the Government of Lublin, be tween the districts of Rubeszow and Wladimir Wolhin sky. THE WEST INDIAN MAILS. souTHAmp TON, FEB. 13. The Royal Mail Company's ship Atrato has arrived here, with the above mails, 42 passengers, 1,346,579 dols, in specie, and 2,940 packages of cargo. She left St. Thomas on the 30th ult., and experienced a fine passage. The British barque Rosaland, from Wilmington, with a cargo of cotton, has arrived at St. Thomas, having run the blockade. The steamer Ruby bad arrived at St. Thomas and sailed for Nassau. The steamers Havelock and Wave Queen were at St. Thomas. The former was expected to sail for Nassau. The Wave Queen had undergone repairs in consequence of her having been on the Annegada tea. ConsidcraWe excitement prevailed at Guayaquil owing to the Government of Ecuador having issued 600,000 dols. in paper currency. Everything was quiet at Chili. The question about the Mejillones Islands, and their deposits of guano, had not been settled. the British barque Swansea arrived at Caldera on the 25th December, and reported finding in dis tress the British ship Rood Stock, of Liverpool, bound tc Callao, 169 days oat. The captain and one of the crew were dead, 14 were ill with scurvy, and six only left for duty. Good accounts had been received from the mines. Valparaiso—Exchange, 45d. per dollar. The Peruvian Congress had resolved that all steamers sailing under a foreign flag should enjoy every privilege accorded to Peruvian merchant ships. The formation of a Southern American Confede racy was still advocated; unanimity prevailed among the leading States on the subject. The British ship, the Duke of Malakoff, on her passage from the Chincha Islands, sprung a leak off the coast of Chili ; she was abandoned by her crew, and immediately sunk. At Guayaquil all was quiet and prospering. Great activity prevailed along the coast, from Eluan-Chaco to Arica, in the growth of cotton. News has been received from Bolivia announcing the discovery of new silver mines in Lipes county. The country was in an unsettled state, and another revolution was expected. At Barbadoes the crops were suffering through drought. `Trade was dull. Exchange was quoted 4871. At Demerara the weather was favourable. Trade was stagnant, without any prospect of improve ment. The Confederate steamer Alabama was at Port Royal, having landed 118 men and 17 officers of the war steamer Hatteras, which she engaged and sunk in 13 minutes. 43 of the crew of the Hatteras / were drowned. THE BOMBAY MAIL. The following telegram has been received at Mr. Reuter's office from the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company, Feb. 13:— ALEXANDRIA, FEB. 12. The Euxine, with the above mail, sailed for Marseilles at sunset yesterday. The Delta, with the heavy portion of the mail, sailed at sunset on the 10th inst. She may be ex pected at Southampton on the 23d. The Jeddo brought the mail to Suez, arriving there on the 9th. FRANCE PARIS, FEB. 13. The illoniteur of this morning publishes news from Mexico to the 16th ult., stating that no mili tary events of any importance had occurred. The sanitary condition of the troops was good. The stock of provisions, and the means of trans port were increasing. The confidence of the popu lation had augmented. The health of the crew of the frigate Normandie was satisfactory. N a tionale observes that in spite of The Opinion; the contradictory assertions that are made, it is certain that the Polish insurrection is spreading in extent and in importance, and that it may be con sidered as a settled fact that the whole population have taken part in it. The Constitutionnel writes on the subject of Italy, and declares that the revolutionists had made it a reproach to the French Government that their policy in Italy was either equivocation or impo tence. Those wbo have read M. Billault's logical address will see for themselves that what was called impotence was real strength, which could be self-controlled and moderate, while what they called equivocation was as clear as the day. M. Billault has shown in an unmistakeable manner that the policy of the French Government is always catholic, but liberal in Rome, and always liberal, but catholic at Turin, every where disinte rested, firm, and loyal. The Pays speaks in the highest terms of praise on the subject of M. Billault's address, " which," it states, " will produce an immense impression every where. The happy effects have been already seen in France, they will spread over the whole of Eu rope, they will aid the Government of Turin in calming the disquiet that prevails at Rome, they will be welcome as proving the sympathy of the Cabinet at the Tuileries. After the excitement of the preceding day the Legislative body had, OR Wednesday, a quieter sitting, and the seventh and eighth paragraphs were voted by an immense majority. BOURSE, Feb. 12.—The market has been dull, but prices remain within a shade of yesterday's closing rates, Threes, for the Account, being now at 70f. 45c. Railway Share Market quiet, but quotations up to the present time generally well maintained. The market improved towards the close, and left off as follows : tt per Cents 99 Do. end Bank Shares 3400 -- Credit I , oncier 1520 Piedmontese Fives Italian Loan 7l 25 Russian Austrian Spanish Threes — Home Debt 3 per Uente Do. end month 7O 65 T Cents Do. end month.... Credit A10bi1ier...,1243 75 Do, end m0nth....1250 RAIL' 'AYS. Cash. Account. Orleans lll2 50 .. 1115 Northern New ditto Lyons and Mediterranean 1187 50 .. 1191 25 Geneva.. Southern Western Eastern Sardinian - Austrian Lorybard North of Spain Saragossa 697 50 .. 698 70 Ditto to B arce l ona Importing Tea without colour on the leaf pre vents the Chinese passing off inferior leaves as in the usua , kinds. Horninian's Tea is uncoloured, therefore, always god , dike. Sold in packets by 2,280 agents. AMERICA ARRIVAL OF THE CHINA. QUEENS TOWN, FEB. 12. The China arrived off the harbour at 4.30 p.m. She brings 54 passengers and 120,838 dols. for England, and 314,000 dols. for France.; She landed all the mails and 10 passengers, and proceeded at 4.45. She was detained one day at New York by a snowstorm. Twenty-six hours after sailing the intermediate shaft was discovered to be fractured, and she was compelled to disconnect her screw, and proceed under canvass. The shaft was reversed, end for end, and one engine got to work on the fourth day after breaking down. All well since. She expects to be at the Bar by 3 to-morrow afternoon. THE INSURRECTION IN POLAND. LEMBERG, FEB. 12. The statement that the insurgents under Langio wicz suffered considerable losses has proved exag gerated. Moreau, the leader of the seythemen, who treacherously brought a detachment of Langiewicz's corps beneath a murderous fire from the Russian troops, has been condemned by the insurgents and hanged. The chief force of Langiewicz, consisting of 5,000 men, is posted in the mountains of Krzyz. Intelligence from Warsaw up to Sunday last has arrived ; but as no journals were published on that day, and even the laconic Government organ did not appear, there was but little news. Reports were, ho ever, numerous enough. The quick train from Bromberg arrived at Warsaw during the evening without having been stopped by the insurgents; but it was well protected by soldiers. As the drivel appeared to belong to the revolutionary party he was honoured with a military guard during the journey, consisting of four men and one officer, who remained at his side all the way with loadea weapons to prevent him from stopping the train if required to do so by the rebels. The effects and even the persons of the passengers were well searched on the arrival of the train by gendarmes, as the Polish officers on the line are not trusted any longer. Notwithstanding all precautions the insurgents do pretty well as they like on the railways, and continue to take the despatches from couriers, and to leave receipts for the documents. The same course is pursued with the mails, as the rebels open the bags and remove the Government correspond ence, scrupulously giving receipts for all they take. Private correspondence is, however, respected. This is done with the assistance of the drivers, who stop at a signal from the insurgents, who then swarm out of the forests, search the trains thoroughly, take whom and what they think proper, and then retire to their woody fistnesses. The following is the appeal issued by the National Committee, the publication of which has already been alluded to : "Inhabitants f Warsaw,—Whilst the National Central Committee take the entire burden of an interim Government upon their shoulders, they have confided the government of the capital to a civic chief, who forms the single national authority i❑ Warsaw. From this time forth, therefore, all inha bitants, without distinction of condition or creed, are to obey the directions of this chief most rigidly. Each instance of opposition or want of obedience in this respect will draw on the offender the greatest responsibility. " Warsaw !—The entire country sends you the expression of its thanks and its reverence for the heroism of your sons, the bold troops who first raised the banner of armed revolt in Poland. To day the general insurrection is a fact—the distinc tion of classes is abotished. Millions of brethren are called to the enjoyment of equal civic rights and the common defence of their country. "It is a severe struggle—a struggle for life and death—a war which will overthrow the gigantic despot who threatens European civilisation and the freedom of peoples. God will bless our cause. " The enemy is dismayed by our heroic opposi tion ; we must therefore complete the task with perseverance and courage, and in a short time we shall see the entire country of Poland free from the ignominous and oppressive yoke. " Brave people of Wars,. w ! Envy not your brethren who have h, d the happiness first to shed their blood for the cause of independence. Prepare yourselves for the arduous struggle with the enemy to which you will son be called, for now our only watchward must be ' Death to the enemy, freedom to the country.'" The following is an order of the day issued by the above-mentioned civic chief " 1. All orders of the civic chief must be furnished with the stamp which is printed below. " 2. For the regulation of monetary affairs, it is announced for general information on acccount of the change in the civic administration, that from the 3d February all receipts which were previously given for the collection of dues are completely abo lished. Instead of these, new warrants will be issued, which will be impressed with the arms of the civic chief; at the same time a new series of receipts, beginning with the numbers 2,000, will be given out, and therefore all such receipts must be issued for all payments to the national exchequer. It is hereby remarked that all money which was previously collected in exchange for the old receipts is completely converted to the national exchequer. "3. It has come to the knowledge of the National Government that the foreign rulers, not choice in the means adopted by them, have sent a consider able number of the Warsaw police among the pea sants as treasonable propagandists. All officers of the organisation are therefore charged to inquire for the names of the militia at the places where they may be sent, as they will be judged legally in cases of perplexity. 1. 4. It is especially ordered that the greatest watchfulness and inquiry be exercised respecting all business and views of the enemy, and that the strictest surveillance be kept on all persons favour able to the foreign Goverment. " Warsaw, Feb. 2." The document is stamped with a green-coloured seal, the device on which is a knight and an eagle in a half field. Yesterday, on leaving the Sorbonne, where M. St. Marc Girardin had just delivered one of his popular , lectures, several hundred students, belonging to the Schools of Medicine and Law, proceeded in a body to the Hotel Lambert, the residence of Prince Czar toryski, for the purpose of expressing to him the sympathy of the French people towards the Poles, and their best wishes for success in the present movement. They were not allowed to accomplish their object, the police having dispersed them. The police, however, did not prevent them from shouting repeatedly, " Vive la Pologne !" Several young men were arrested. THE BIRMINGHAM VOLUNTEERS. —On Monday evening the seventh company of Birmingham Volunteers were entertained at dinner at the Royal Hotel by their captain, Charles Ratcliff, Esq. The prizes won by the different members of the corps r w es e e r n e ted as a tefully arranged at one end of the room, v , d is a i n tors p also ver brilliant appearance. A number o After the usual loyal participatedand in the pleasures of the eyenin patriotic toasts, the health of g C • aptain Charles Ratcliff was proposed in very flattering terms. Allusion was made to the energetic exertions he had used at the commencement of the movement three or four years ago, when he nobly set the example to the gentlemen of England by raising a w hole company solely at his ow n cos t Si nce t h at time he had, by his personal exertions, raised his company to such a state of proficiency that their skill had secured the whole of the valuable prizes which graced the apartment in which they were assembled. Captain Ratcliff, in acknowledging the com pliment, said it afforded him the greatest pleasure to see that his highest expectations had been more than fulfilled, and that he had the pleasure of commanding one of the best drilled companies in \Varwickshire. Sir John Ratcliff acknowledged the toast of "The Visitors," speaking in highly eulogistic terms of the services of the volunteers. The Successful Shots" was the concluding toast, when, in addition to the prizes, Captain Ratcliff presented to Pri vate Baker £l5, and to Private Leeson £5, in addition to the number of prizes they had won at the late rifle contest 4 in the conntYt .. HER MAJESTY. WINDSOR CASTLE, Feb. 12. The Queen, accompanied by her Royal Highness Princess Louis of Hesse, drove in the Home Park this morning. His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, at tended by Lieutenant-General Knollys and Major Teesdale, went to London, and returned in the afternoon. The Marchioness of Salisbury has issued cards for assemblies on Thursday, the 19th instant, and on Wed nesday', the 25th instant, at the family mansion in Arling- on-street. The Earl of Dartmouth leaves town to-day to join her ladyship and family at Patshull, Shropshire. Viscountess Palmerston has issued earth for assemblies on SE , turby next and on Saturday, the 21st instant, at Cambridge House. Viscount and Viscountess Enfield have arrived at their residence in Charles-street, Berkeley-square, from a tour of visits. Lord and Lady Stanley of Alderley entertained at dinner on Wednesday evening, at their residence in Dover-street, the Earl and Countess Grey, the Earl and Countess of Airlie, Lord and Lady Wodehouse, Lord Chief Justice Cockburn, Mr. Oliphant, &c. Lord and Lady E bury are expected in town early next week from Moor Park, Herts. Sir Edward and Lidy Caroline Kerrison have arrived at their res deuce in Piccadilly from Brome Hall, Norfolk. The Right Hon. Benjamin Disraeli, M.P., has issued cards for Parliamentary dinners on Saturday next and Wednesday, the 18th instant, at his residence, Gros venor-gate. TESTIMONIAL TO 111 R. G. W. MARTIN. We Lave much pleasure in recording that a handsome and well-merited testimonial was pre-ented to Mr. G. W. Martin on Monday evening, at the Hanover. square Rooms, by the members and patrons of the National Choral Society, over whose concerts he so ably presides. The offering was two-fold, and consisted of a well-executed bust of Mr. G. W. Martin, and a purse containing 100 guineas. The pre sentation was prefaced by the following speech from Mr. Oliver, hon. secretary to the testimonial committee :-- " We have met together this evening to give expression to our great respect for you, my dear sir, in testimony of your private excellence as regards your uniform courtesy and kindness manifested to those who have the honour of knowing you. As a composer of English music we need not say one word, because your compositions speak for themselves ; and the musical public are greatly indebted to you fcr having opportunities of hearing the magnificent productions of Handel, Mendelssohn, and other composers at a moderate cost. But this meeting is specially convened by the members of the National Choral Society for the pur pose of requesting your acceptance of a purse of gold con taining 100 guineas, with a bust of yourself, subscribed for by the members of the National Choral Society." Mr. MARTIN, in returning thanks, remarked upon the progress the society had made since its commencement, and the good it had achieved amongst the working classes by providing concerts of a superior character, at a moderate cost, within the reach of all. In addition to the presentation by the members of the National Choral Society, a deputation from the pupils of the Blind School, St. George's Fields (a number of whom, as well as the inmates from other blind asylums in London, are always invited by Mr. Martin to the performances of the Society), presented him with the following letter, ac companied by a very splendid tug, containing 14,450 stitches, worked expressly for this occasion by the pupils : " School for the Blind, Southwark, Feb. 9, 1863. " Respected Sir,—To those deprived of sight music in deed hath charms; and in affording us the opportunity of realising this enjoyment, we believe it has been gratitying to you. We beg to tender our best thanks for kindly allowing us to participate in the performances of the Na tional Choral Society at Exeter Hall, and request that you will please accept the accompanying rug, made by the blind, as a trifling acknowledgment of the same.—With the best wishes for the success of your Society, we remain, yours respectfully, _ _ " THE PUPILS OF THE SCHOOL. " G. W. Martin, Esq." PUBLIC REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE. A return ordered by the House of Commons on the 6th of July last, containing an account of the whole public in come and expenditure for the two years 1861 and 1862, has just been printed. By the aid of this document it is pos sible to trace and compare the am unts expended under every head, and discover the items on which there has been an increase or diminution of the figures. The account of the revenue is comps eased into one page, but that of the ex penditure occupies a dozen, the sources of income being much fewer than the channels through which it is carried away and dispersed. Both sides of the account for both years are made up to the 31st of March. Beginning with the gross revenue of the country, the return shows that on each of the two years there was a considerable deficit, though in 186 it was something less than in 1861. The excess of expenditure over income in 1861 was no less than £2,474,670; in 1862 it was £2,250,929. The difference in favour of 1862 was £223,743. The total revenue for 1861 was £70,569,998; that of 1862 showed a diminution, being £69,900,857.. Among the items of the gross income on which was an increase are the spirit duties, the duties on sugar and tea, though the favourable difference in 1862 was not very important in amount, being less than £ 133,000. In the revenue derived from the duties on malt, hops, and wine there was a decrease, principally on the article of hops. The very slight duty levied on the imports of corn amounted in 1862 to an aggregate sum of £800,896. In the previous year it was something more, having been £868,526. The largest hole in the revenue of 1862 was made by the removal of the excise duty on paper. The Exchequer lost £1,000,000 on that year by the change, the amount of revenue from that article standing at £349,269, instead of the greater sum of £1,342,186 received before the abolition. The different items on which increased consumption or importation pro duced an increase in the revenue from them in 1862 did not make up for the loss of the paper duty, nor was it expected they would do so. One of the most important sources of revenue remained almost at the same amount in both years. The duties on t ibacco and snuff produced £5,606,488 in 1861, and £5,596,211 in 1862. The difference is remarkably small on such a large total, but it such a shade of variation can be taken into account at all, it indicates that the legal importation of tobacco was not increasing. As there is no evidence of decreased c onsumption, there is probably a con traband supp'y to be accounted for. The stamp duties, an other of the great sources of revenue, the produce of which is reckoned in millions, showed a decided increase. They amounted to £8,368,869 in 1861, the succeeding year they rose to £8,590,654. On the other hand the assessed and land taxes moved in !he opposite direction, and decreased in the amount paid by £lO,OOO. In the tax of all taxes, the greatest contribution to the national revenue, the duty on income and property, the movement was the same way, towards a decrease. It produced in 1861 the sum of £10,957,061, against £10,471,208 in 1862. The Post- office revenue in the same period was increasing, and shows a difference on the right side of £140,000. The gross amount in 1862 was £3,552,096. The Crown lands also brought in £5,000 more in 1862 than in the previous year. The sum derived from them was £417,408. Of the 70 millions of the revenue more than one-third is disposed of by the interest of the national debt, a charge not liable to any important variation. It was less by £89,412 in 1862 than in the year betore. But the difference is very slight on such a sum as £26,142,606. The armed force of the country is the next great channel of expehditure. The army in 1862 absorbed £15,570,869, an increase of £399,000 over its cost in the previous y ear . Th e navy requ i rea 512, 598,04'2 in the same peri o d, or £733 , 626 l ess th a n iu 1861. Together they account for more than £28,000,000 of t h e public expenditure. The naval and military operations in China figure in both years of this return. In 1801 they drew from the Exchequer £3,013,896 ; and in 1862 a further sum of £1,230,000, The votes of money for fortifications tell rather heavi yin the accounts of last year. They rose sud den y from £50,000 in 1861 to £970,000 in 1862. And we have nut yet cleared off the score of the war in the Crimea, which appears in the return of last year as requiring a sum of £53,431, to discharge some " extraordinary expenses" connected with it. There are small variations, both of re duction and increase, dispersed through an immense num ber of items, but when the gross sum they absorb is reckoned up the difference between one year and another is scarcely worth noting. Thus, the expenses of the 27 departments and offices of the Civil Government show an increase in the charges for the Treasury, a decrease on the Home Depart ment, a greater decrease on the Foreign-office, an increase for the Privy Council-office and the Board of Trade. But in the total charge for the whole number of Departments the difference is only £1,968 between the two years of the return. The amount voted for them was £716,496 in 1861, and £714,528 iu 1862. There is a more reparkable varia tion in one item, which shows a great and sudden increase. The convict establishments abroad, which required only £1 4,238 in 1861, in the following year received no less than £222,590. Under some heads, as that of hereditary pen sions, the amounts are stationary, and time does n ot seem to affect others as much as might be expected. The ser • vants of their late Majesties King George 111., Queen Charlotte, and Q ueen C aro line, still appear a s the recipients of pensions to the amount of £2,621. On what branches of expenditure reductions can be made is always a matter fur careful consideration. In mos t of them it requires constant vigilance to prevent an increase, and in some an increase is k ee ps peace with the progress of th e unavoidable, as it only uatiGn. ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA --0- MR. BALFE'S NEW WORK. Our most popular native composer has achieved another great success, and furnished the stores of our national opera with a further source of fame and fortune. " The Armourer of Nantes," pro duced last evening, may lay claim to r first impres sion as favourable almost as the best of its author's efforts in recent years. Six vehement encores, re peated calls for the leading singers, and a summons for author and composer at the close of the first act and the last, sufficiently testify to the character of the excitement that was produced. Never theless, we are bound to confess that, though this opera contains much that is worthy of the fame of Mr. Balfe, and much that no other living English composer coal i have writes—it is scarcely to be tanked among his highest inspirations. Belonging to the grand school of " Bianca," it is hardly to be placed on its level, whether in respect to the depth of its conceptions or the strength and richness of its instrumentation. Its sentiment is quite as tragic, bac without the same amount of expansion, whilst it wants the occasional gaiety which relieved the sombre shadows of its powerful precursor. It does not rise, therefore, to the tragic height which Mr. Balfe h a already mastered, whilst it contrasts just as unfavourably with his last success—'The Puritan's Daughter"—in which the happy combination of a serious and comic spirit adapted it so greatly to the general taste of the London public. This defect is, of course, to be traced chiefly to the character of its libretto. Its story is an adaptation by Mr. Bridg man of the " Marie Tudor" of Victor Hugo—the scene of which he has transferred from London to the city of Nantes, in Brittany. This drama, as is tolerably known, is semi -historical, and entirely tragic; and presents a subject that only music of the highest order could make engaging. A sovereign's love for an unworthy favourite, the wrongs and sorrows of a noble orphan, and the heroic love of her humble pro tector, who offers his life to revenge the fame he believes he can no longer guard, are all points of interest of so powerful a character that they must either be grasped with force, or not ap proached at all. To seize them feebly, is only to display the restless desite of a false ambition, which in the proportion of the subject's strength betrays its own incompetency. Nevertheless, as we have already said, this opera contains so much that is truly worthy of Mr. Balfe, and which, when the work has undergone a due compression, is sure to stand out with its due prominence, that we are quite certain it cannot fail to maintain its first impression, and achieve a run of great attraction to the close of the present season. Until it has obtained its just compactness., and we have heard it in the form which would enable us to estimate its claims with due conviction, we reserve a minute analysis, and content ourselves at present witn merely indicating the leading features, musical and dramatic, of the work, and those that on the whole contributed most to the night's im pression : and, first, in respect to the story. Tne opening act occurs before the house of the Armourer of Nantes, who has protected and who loves Marie, the orphan daughter of the family Beissac, and where we learn that Marie has been secretly visited by Count Fabio, the favourite of Anne, the Duchess of Brittany—where also comes a Jew to sell the secret of Marie's birth, which Jew is killed by the Count, in order turn the secret to ad• vantage—and where, further, we find the Armourer, on learning the apparent disgrace of Marie, taking an oath to avenge her. In the second act we have both Marie and the Armourer brought into the presence of the Duchess to prove the infamy of her favourite and the murder of the Jew, and where the Duchess, in her jealous fury concocting a charge against him of con spiracy—consigns him to the block. In the third act we have both the Count and the Armourer in prison—the latter sharing in the pretended treason, and the Duchess wavering which of the two she will send to execution; when Marie, now Countess of Brissac, entering the prison with the Duclae9s, thwarts her scheme to save her favourite, and con signing him to his just doom, restores her lover to herself and freedom. In illustration of this story the opera operas without an overture — a n omis sion which occurs for the first time with Mr. Balfe—and up to the centre of the first act show soo thing very at iking in the music, either in the way of vigour or originality. The first strong impression of the night was made by Marie's first cavatina, " Oh, would that my heart," which had a very charming melody that was full of plaintive feeling, and which exquisitely given by Miss Pyne, was very deservedly encored. The ensuing duet be tween Raoul and Marie was also very pleasing, and still more so was the barcarole, sung by the Count, as he lands from the river, " A flower is beauty by fairy hands pianted," which had a shade of p.sasiveness that heightened its gay expression very greatly, and which, charmingly sung by Mr. Santley, was also redemanded. The remaining music of the act, in illustration of the Jew's visit, and his murder by the Count, and the Armourer's discovery of the supposed shame of his beloved, rose to a far more dramatic character, of occasionally, it is true, to an extra liveliness of tune, and was very admirably sung and declaimed by Mr. Harrison and Mr. Sant iey, the former rising to a point of true tragic elevation when he gave the lie to the seducer's slander, and avowed himself Marie's future hus band. The close of this act, though wanting an ordinary finale, was sufficiently impressive to raise the highest enthusiasm in the audience, and lead, as we have stated, to a summons of every oue con cerned in it. In the second act the best impres sions were the aria of Count de Villetranche, "Not till Time his Glass," which had a b v_e_r r y flowing melody, and was so well eungnaye Weise as to obtain a toad encore. bal lad, by Marie, °' There's one who reared me another exquisite morceau —which exquisitely re ndered, was redemanded. An admirable trio "-- of Marie, the Duchess, and the Armourer, " Sickly terror, ghastly dread," one of the most original features of the opera, a ballad of Marie, full of pathos, "As you hope to merit"—aud the finale, which in its general structure, but its slow move ment especially, showed all the master's hand. In the third act the illness of Mr. Aynsley Cooke, who performed the jailor, led to the omission of some of the music which was evidently important—and the most success ful portions were the Armourer's song, " Oh l ove thou'rt like a reed bent low," full of grace and ten derness, and so charmingly sung by Mr. Harrison as to win a warm encore—the very pleasing invo cation by Marie, " 011 Heavenly power !"--she duet of Marie and the Duchess, which in its ensemble, "Though all else may alter," nad a burst of genuine melodic inspiration, and the duet of Marie and the Armourer, " Once more my heart awakes to bliss," which was full of deli (site feeling. The execution of this opera was, with one or two exceptions, as perfect as could be wished. Miss Py ue was in charming voice, and gave, both to the vocal and histrionic illustration of he wronged orphan, all that tenderness and pathos which she displays without a rival. Mr. Harrison found great scope for his noble power of declamation, in addi ion to the occasions in which he was allowed some range of song. Mr. Santley was never happier than nthe ga y bearing and buoyant rendering of th e mu the Count, whilst Mr. W e i ss ma intained to of his fame in every note that was allotted to him' as the first of English basses. The only defects of the performance arose from the illness of Mr' Cooke, in the sustainmeut of the gaoler, and th e total incapacity, both vocal and dramatic, of Mi ss Anna Hiles to, give any idea of the Duchess.'" character which, in the second act, demands the energies of a G r i s i . T he band an d c h or us, und er Mr. Mellon, were as admirable as usua l. house was filled to overflowing. -- --- We are authorised to state that two Drawing dooms and two Levees will be held on the part of the Quee ll at St. Ja mes ' s P a l ace a ft er Easter. 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