The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-17 00:00:00

Naval and Military Intelligence. THE NAVY. VALETTA, Aug. 10.—There has been no naval movements here since the departure of the last mail, except the departure of her Majesty's gunboat Pro cris, 3,Lieut.-Commander the Hon. J. B. Vivian, on the 4th inst., for Gibraltar, after making good re pairs, and the departure of the Magicienne, 16, Capt. W. Armytage - , on the 7th inst., with a mail for the Commander-in-Chief at the Piraeus. The only ships of war in port are the Hibernia,receiving ship (bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral T. Austin, C. 8.), Commander R. B. Harvey ; the Medina, Capt. T. A. B. Spratt, C.B. ; the Cossack, 20, Capt. W. R. Rol land ; the Malacca, 17, Capt. G. J. Napier; the Sur prise, 4, Commander W, H. Whyte ; the Boxer, ten der to the Hibernia ; and the Growler, tender to the Medina. The Cossack is still in dock undergoing repairs, The Malacca will not have to go to England as expected. According to the last accounts from Greece received here, the ships had been sent about in all directions in consequence of anticipated dis turbances, but, unfortunately, nothing took place. The Queen, 76, Capt. C. F. Hillyar, had been sent up to Corfu from the Piraaas to fetch military in valids bound for England, and is expected shortly at Malta on her way home. The Pcebe, 35, Capt. T. D. A. Fortescue, is also expected from Beyrout, after touching at different points in the East, in cluding Alexandria. Her Majesty's despatch vessel Psyche, 2, Lieut.-Commander R. Sterne, after con veying Mr. Alison, her Majesty's Minister at Teheran, from Constantinople to Poti, will return to Malta for mail service between this island and the Piraeus. The Caradoc, 2, Lieut.-Commander E. H. Wilkinson, has gone up to Constantinople, to take her place. Capt. F. W. Hutton, 23d Royal Welsh Fusiliers, left on Sunday to join:the Curragh Camp, to which he has been appointed Brigade-Major, in place of Capt. Vigors, who rejoins his regiment. Capt. Hutton has passed the Staff College. His Grace the Duke of Somerset early on Friday morning commenced a survey of Devonport dock yard, which was completed between two and 3 in the afternoon. The building slips here present just now a very untoward appearance. No.l has the sloop Bittern, 4,669 tons, 150 horse power, about Ith built; nothing has been done to her for a long time, and there are no orders to proceed. No. 2 is vacant. The Cynthia was proposed to be built there, and some portions of her timbers have been a long time in the yard prepared. In No. 3is the Robust, 81, 3,716 tons, 800-horse power, 2,4- parts of which are built. The work on her was suspended some time since. In No. 4is the Ister, 36, 1-1 built. She will probably be taken down again. No. 5 slip, from which the Ocean was launched, is unoccupied. In the basin is the screw steam frigate Aurora, 29, 2,558 tons, 400 horse power, fitting for the first division of the steam reserve. Her topmasts are fidded, the lower rigging is over her mastheads, she may be ready in October. Their Lordships did not go on board this frigate, but they visited the screw steam sloop Royalist, 11, 669 tons, 150 horse power, a new ship, which is undergoing alterations and being newly coppered in No. 4 dock, which is 219tt. 6in. long. The copper first put on was very infe rior. She is fitting for the first division of steam reserve. In the north dock, No. 5 (263 ft. 4in. lone) is the gunvessel Goshawk and the hoy A r th ur , be longing to the Victualling Department. It is pro. bable that, in consequence of the great size of mo dern built ships, the Lords of the Admiralty may give directions for increasing the lengths of docks Nos. 4 and 5. It is stated that their Lordships have approved of a plan for the erection on the east side of the rope house of an iron reservoir for storing water, to be 100 ft. high. The power of the engine which drives the wheels in the rope house can be applied to pumping water into this reservoir. While surveying the smithery the Duke of Somer set witnessed the mode for bending iron plates, in vented by Mr. Mattison, one of the workmen. From the dockyard they proceeded to Keyham, and went on board the iron plated frigate Prince Con sort. In the course of the afternoon they inspected the iron troop ship Adventure in No. 1 dock, and the process of bending the Ocean's plates in the great quadrangle. While in tie steam factory they were raised from the ground to the first floor by the hydraulic elevating platform. The most important engineering work in connection withKeyham steam yard is that for the extension of the North or tidal basin into the waste ground, and for the construc tion of a boat basin in place of the old powder ma gazine basin. The North basin, which occupies about five acres, is about 500 ft. long ; when com pleted it will be 8331 t. long, 447 ft. wide, and 4lft. deep from coping level. The river, or Hamoaze wall enclosing the boat basin strikes off at an obtuse angle from the west wall of the North basin. The length of the boat basin will be 300 ft. by a mean width of 90ft. The wharf between the boat basin and the North basin will be 30ft. wide above. The entrance to the boat basin will be 30ft. wide. The area of the North basin, when completed, will be somewhat over nine acres, and the length of the new sea wall 470 ft. A new entrance, 80ft. wide, will be constructed at the north end of the North basin, to communicate with any works which may afterwards be con structed. The outer facing of the north wall is completed, and blocks of wrought granite for the inner face are on the ground. It is understood that the contract will be completed by Mr. Jackson in three years. Shortly after 4 o'clock, the Duke of Somerset, Admiral Eden, Captain Drummond, and IVIr. Stansfeld, accompanied by Admiral Stewart and Captain Hall, landed from the steam yacht Princess Alice at the breakwater, where they were received by Commander Aylen, the harbour-master, and Mr. Neville, the superintendent of the works, who explained to them a proposition for forming a neer landing place at the centre jetty. There are now only 100 men employed on the breakwater and the Government quarries at Preston. They are occupied is placing a granite buttress at the foot of the work, the foundation being at the level of low water of the lowest spring tides. The buttress con sists of three courses of granite dovetailed horizon tally and vertically. The progress is necessarily slow, as the work can only be done for four or five days at each spring tide. Between August, 1862, 4114 August, 1863, 788 lineal feet have been laid, and there remains 324 feet to complete the work. The 19 ' 6 MA of stone deposited since last August is 9,800 tone, Pek ing a total, since the first stone was laid, on the o f Be fore dea _'_ l . a . August, 1812, of 3,940,200 tons. the pro k; e ll 4 their lordships took a cursory view of foundaeensBo;if the works in connection with the part of the Sh o vel elliptical fort constructing on that the breaksv ate :el Rock which is immediately inside and Mr. orelaelnir.Hutton, the resident engineer, were Z ui ll e , the representative of the con tractors, water, st aging. were under At the time the divers the foundation course, more than three.s oarth t s in g of Which is laid. Nearly all the blocks for the re m a inder are ready for ship ment at Lairs. From the breakwater their lord ships went into Cawsand Ya'° view Picklecombe Fort, and then returned to a a t ni In the even•. tug they were present at th e re'l at the Roya A l Ma a I,m rine Barracks in favour th e F emale ale Orph an y After Sir F. Grey and Admiral Ed en had in spected the boys on board the Implacabl e in ua reo9ze, on Wednesday , in th eir various drills,sea manship, gunnery, rifle, and cutla ss , and tea° at school, they expres sed their p leasure at findin g them in such a s atisfactory state. The co mp l ement of this ship is 400. There are at present only fi ve vacancies which can be readily filled, es the boys are very happy, and none run away when ashore on leave. 0:1 Thursday next the officers and boys take their annual excursion up the River Tamar. The Clio, 20, KIT w corvette, arrived at Spithead on Saturday, from Rio de Janeiro, whence she sailed on the 27th of June. Yesterday Morniag she sa i led from Spithead for Sheerness to dismantle and pay out of commission. Oa the 2d of July, in lat, 26 26 S., long. 37 50, the Clio saw a large ship on fire and ndarly burnt to the water's edge, and afterwards during the same day spoke the Confederate steamer Alabama, which had captured and fired the ship. The Orontes screw troopship, Capt. H. Hire, sailed from Portsmouth on Saturday for the Mediter- Tartan with detachments and supernumeraries. THE ARMY. The large flying column which left Aldershott for Woolt uer Forest on the Ist inst., under the command of Major-Gen. Russell, returned to camp on Friday the 14th, the command in the meantime—owing to the temporary leave of Gen. Russell—having been assumed by Major-Gen. Hodge, C. 8., commanding the Cavalry Brigade. On Monday last we traced the proceedings of the column from the time of their departure from camp to the previous Saturday. We now resume the narrative. On Sunday the men at tended Divine service, and the temporary camping ground was visited by a large number of strangers. On Monday the column marched out to Selborne, about six miles distant. On Tuesday the 24th Regi ment and the U battery, Royal Horse Artillery, quitted the column and returned to quarters at Aldershott. On Wednesday, at 8 a.m., when the men were engaged in a variety of pursuits about the camp, an alarm was suddenly sounded. In an instant every man returned to his tent, and in seven minutes all had fully dressed, armed, and formed up—a celerity highly creditable to the spirit of the men and the training which they have undergone. The whole force then marched out several miles in skirmishing order and executed several movements with great efficiency. On Friday the column left Woolmer at about a quarter to 7 in the morn ing and arrived in Aldershott at half past 10, the 2d battalion 60th Rifles leading the van at a hour. The pace well on to four m iles an onr inT hhte6e West Block oth,onthei r r reteurrnm,atnooenktupßtahreriarckos. old quarters 3d Regiment took up position in D, bineers and 13 th G, and H lines, North Camp ; and the 6 th Ca ra icnogmmcoolnu.mOn nquSiatttuedrday, Hthussars 8t h i e n n s t e . a , ni t h p e e d s second nCrfley". Al dershot for Sandhurst, as briefly recorded in The Sun of Monday last. It consist ß e r d ig o a f d t e he ßy l o st a ( l ßoya (Royal) Dragoons, the B Battery 4th Artil lery, and the 59th, 73d, and 87th Regiments, and was under the command of Brigadier-General Bates. The column marched from the North Camp, at 7 o'clock a.m., in the direction of Farn borough, where they crossed the South-Western Railway-bridge, and advanced along the level road to Sandhurst. The column halted for a short in terval at about midway between Aldershot and Sandhurst, and arrived at the latter place shortly before noon. Skirting the Staff and Cadet Col leges and passing along a narrow road, the troops soon found themselves on a large open space at a considerable elevation above the surrounding coun try. Here tents were pitched, the troops taking up positions in the following order,—the artillery and cavalry were in the centre facing the north, the 59th Regiment oa the right, the 73d and 87th Regiments on the left, the Military Train a little in the rear, and, also in the rear, and on an eminence command ing a view of the entire encampment, was the tent of the General in command. On Sunday the men formed for church parade, one of the camp chap lains officiating. On Monday they turned out for a field-day, and marched to Blackwater-common, where a variety of interesting mat. ceuvres were gone through. An enemy was supposed to be march ing on the camp from the direction of Odiham ; lines of skirmishers were thrown out, supported by artillery ; and the infantry forming up in columns of regiments, and deploying into line, effectually checked the advance of the enemy. The cavalry then charged to the front and pursued the recreating foe ; and after a variety of other interest ing and well-executed movements the engagement was terminated by a rattling volley from the artil lery and infantry, which completely routed the in veders and drove them back discomfited and dis ordered. In the afternoon of the same day, after the troops had returned to Sandhurst, the whole of the encampment was inspected by Lieut.-Gen. Sir J. L. Pennefather and Staff. On Tuesday morning the infantry went through the operations of strik ing and pitching tents, which they accomplished with praiseworthy celerity ; and in the afternoon the infantry sent out outlying pickets, while the cavalry threw out vedettes, penetrating five or six miles into the surrounding country. On Wednesday the Royal Dragoons returned to Aldershott, taking up the quarters in the East Cavalry Permanent Barracks, recently erected by the 12th Lancets. On Thurs day and Friday active field operations were again resumed, and the troops are under orders to return to Aldershot to-day, to encamp on Cove-common. On Friday the G battery, Royal Horse Artillery, under the command of Major Newton, and the G battery, Royal Artillery, under Captain Byrne, lest Aldershot, the former for. Woolwich and the latter for Shorncliffe. On Saturday the-76th Regiment, under Colonel Brewster, removed from the quarters recently occupied by them in the permanent bar racks, to Cove-common, where they are now sta tioned under canvass. THE MOORS, (From the Scotsman of Friday.) FORFARSHIRE.—The morning of the twelfth was most auspicious for sportsmen on the moors and hills in this county and the eastern district of Perth shire, which marches with it. A good fall of rain on the previous evening served not only to make walking comfortable by laying the dust, but also caused the scent to lie strong and fall. So far as can yet be ascertained the sport has been excel lent, and promises to continue so. Birds are pleni ful and strong on the wing, and there are also hares in abundance. On most of the shootings in this county the gentlemen neither began early in the morning nor continued late in the afternoon, yet several very good bags were made on the first day of the season. Major Young's success at Invermark was extraordinary. At Invermark the Earl of Dalhousie killed 26 brace after one o'clock ; Colonel Ramsay, 44 ; Major Young, 125; Colonel Dundas, 34; Admiral Ramsay, 6; Provost Guthrie, of Brechin, 5; and Major Douglas (a veteran sportsman, who has shot at Invermark for many years), 12 ; a number of hares also falling be fore the guns of the party. At Gannochy, Captain Peareth had 60 brace, and two gentlemen who were with him for some home hours killed 37 brace. At Gleneffock, Mr. Price Edwards and Mr. Bram ley-Moore, M.P., had 35 brace and 10 hares, shoot ing only during a part of the day. At Balnaboth, abnve Kirriemuir, Mr. H. Birkbeok and party (3 guns) killed 35-I brace in two hours. At Bal. namoon, Mr. Hunt had 34 brace and 2 hares. On Lethnot, the Hon. C. Carnegie, M.P., and Captain the Hon. John Carnegie had 60 brace. Already a considerable number of game-boxes have been for warded to the soath from Alyth, Kirriemuir, and Brechin. CRIEFF.—The accounts that have reached us in regard to the sport on all the moors in this neigh bourhood, on the opening day, far exceeds what was anticipated in regard to the abundance of grouse and other descriptions of game. In conse quence of the fine weather on Wednesday after noon sportsmen generally were successful in killing immense quantities of grouse, and long before evening set in they were completely tired of inces sant firing. On the Amulree range Mr. Knowles `and party, consisting of four guns, bagged 120 brace of grouse, beside a few snipe. On the hill of Monzie Sir Hugh Hume Campbell, Bart., killed to his own gun, in the course of a few hours, 34 brace of grouse. On the Glenturret moors Messrs. George Lumsden and Muir shot about 70 brace of grouse. On the Loch Kennard range his Itoyal Highness the Maharajah Dhuleep Singh bagg e d the extraordinary number of 133 brace of grouse, three hares,and one snipe. On the Auchna free moors Mr. Lascelles killed in three hours 25 brace,„o of grouse. The Hon. A. C. Dar des shot at nacha n 70 brac e e ru oefh7use. `-; rienauckloch 26 brace of grouse. General Sir' j b l, a B c i e 7Pooand another gun killed at Duni:. a 25 eellent end M r. P. Gunuis and a friend shot at Con es a p r o n r h t s e m ad e n n , generally o:n ‘ from four Inoere The sport was also ex tAheb moors . of Drummond Castle, Loch -Bcc , and the success of Wednesday may be guessed lrom the feet that were about 100 boxes, containing sent from the crieff railway brace of grouse each, Thursday. The weather o y nri‘ station to the south on and clear for prosecuting hu rsday was bright Sport on th the shooting was fully a s au e moors, and cessfnl nesday. 48 on Wed- AUCHTERARDER.—The weather was beautiful on Thursday, and exceedingly mild. The day was very warm, and no wind was felt. The result of Wednesday's shooting brightened the heart of the sportsman, and from an early hour on Thursday morning the guns were heard on most of the moors, making great slaughter among the birds. The bills have been free from mist, which has made the sport much more agreeable. The accounts of Wednesday's shooting show that the birds are plentiful and in fine condition. The young coveys are numerous, large, and strong on the wing. A number of boxes were sent off per rail on Wednesday afternoon. Mr. Mylne shot over the Duchally runs with great success. There would be bagged about 10 brace to each gun. Several other gentlemen opened the moors on Wed nesday. The Gleneagles moors, the property of the Earl of Camperdown, have not yet been opened. His lordship is expected to arrive here shortly, and stay a few days. Mr. L. Edmunds, reading-clerk of the House of Lords, has the Carim moors. The prospects are very superior this year. The Couls hill Coul, and other moors will not be opened till Monday. BLAIRADAM.-0a the Blairadam moors on Wed nesday, Mr. W. P. Adam, M.P., shot 17 brace of grouse in five hours. THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 17, 1863. to which Prince Gortschakoff added, on the following day the threat that, ' if the Poles force us to it we will make of Poland a heap of ashes and corpses'--a threat which the conduct of the Russians in the present war appears to be deliberately intended to fulfil. "In the same month was published the Ukase ordering that infamous proscription, or levy of recruits in Poland which, in the month of January in this year, was endea voured to be carried into effect at midnight, in a mode which has caused it to be described in our House of Lords as a visitation similar to ' one of the plagues of Egypt de stroying the first-born in every family, an iniquity which h as no parallel in Europe.' " To the iniquity was added the insult of a representation in the official paper of Warsaw, that the Poles went joyfully to their fate, and that some even volunteered to serve in the ranks of their enemies. "All this filled the cup of national anguish and indigna tion to overflowing, and drove the Poles into open insurrec tion, after they had endured until endurance was almost a crime, and after they had exhausted all peaceful methods of endeavouring to obtain any real redress of their intoler able wrongs. "The war, thus infamously provoked by the Russians, thus most righteohsly embarked in by the Poles, has been waged by the former with a savage ferocity, which is a scandal to Christendom and an insult to mankind, and which, instead of merely giving point to the feeble dialec tics of diplomacy, might well have enlisted all men, in whose hands the love of freedom and hatred of oppression are not utterly deadened or depraved, in an open crusade against the unchristian and develish cruelty which spares neither age nor sex, and revels in unrestrained and indis criminate pillage, confiscation, burning, torture, and murder. "But the Poles ask of us no armed intervaintion. All that they ask, while struggling to the death in this frightful and unequal contest which is seeking to make of their country one huge grave, all that they have asked in their late pathetic appeal to the peoples and Governments of Europe as brethren, is that we should recognise their na tional and belligerent rights, and no longer continue to be the allies of their oppressor by negotiating with and racog uising him as King of Poland. That we should sever all alliance with him in that character, and openly and honestly declare that he has no right, and that we no longer by treaty or otherwise sanction in him any right, to rule over them. "To elicit from the British people, and, through them, from the Parliament, the Government, and the Crown, a cordially affirmative response to this noble and temperate appeal of the Poles, and at the same time to assist them with every pecuniary and material support lawfully in our power in the terrible conflict into which they have been forced for the recovery and protection of their most just rights and of all that is dear to man upon earth, are the objects of this league for the restoration of the independenee of Poland. "The original dismemberment of that country has been pronounced to be the greatest of all political crimes, the pre lude and the cause of subsequent disorders in Europe, a fatal derangement of the balance of power ; her restoration is the only expiation that can satisfy justice and humanity for that crime, while it will be a protection and safeguard to Europe, a guarantee for peace,,a defence against the con stant recurrence of frightful and chronic convulsions, and the only effectual barrier against the rapacious and disturb ing policy of all that is arbitrary and oppressive. "All classes in Poland, without distinction of rank, opi nion, or creed—nobles, citizens, peasants, Catholics, Luthe rans, Calvanists, Jews —are united in this great struggle for freedom, so just, so righteous, so vitally important, not only to Poland, but to the whole world, We ask, therefore, for this brave, this most deeply-wronged nation, the openly avowed, the •active, and pra ctical sympathy and support, the generous contributions, of all classes in Great Britain. "We ask further that, unless Russia shall withdraw from her claim to dominion over Poland, and from all fur ther attempts to support that claim by acts revolting to Christendom and to British feelings and sympathies, our ambassador withdrawn from St. Petersburg, and all friendly relations be suspended with a power who has notoriously violated every condition upon which her Sovereignty over any part of Poland was at a former period unwillingly sanc tioned, and who now seeks to renew and maintain that Sovereignty by acts the most violent and uncivilised, and productive only of general confusion and disorder. " On behalf' of the Committee of the National League for the Independence of Poland, rr EDgoND BEALES, President." SPIRIT OP THE piTBLIC JOURNALS. --- SATURDAY REVIEW.—The a pp ointment of the Archduke Maxi m ili an to oc cupy an I m p erial throne u g the accomplishment in Mexico is surprising eve nt, both in itself and as wholly chimeric a l. N a p o leon III• belon g s to the performers.. Not of a project which seemed highest order of th auma turgic contented with the mere display of unexpected skill, he challenges the scepticism of his audience by an nouncing beforehand the almost in credible feat which he afterward s proceeds to perform. When Prince Lou is Napoleon ascended the - Mr. Disraeli becam e a leader in the House of Com mons, when throne of France, the a droitness of both achieve ments was enhanced by the recollection that neither aspirant to power had ever doubted of his own ulti mate triumph• The Emperor of the French has since that time ventured upon many enterprises, without wearing out his astonishing good fortune. When he embarked. ower of a s peculation, and more especially against the wish of his subjects, of his forces on their way to in the Mexican but the during the long delay the capital, it was thought by many that his demon F ra nce berforuesm that the expenditurea n y solid a d v e a f n t t r a e g a e .. or guadian angellt is had at last deserted him. r l fl e u x o u u I s t conquest; n the p s w ri i l l ll accrue no n t a c r ; armysure and d t l h if e e Sovereign who can create and give away empires. It was as unlikely that an Austrian Archduke should accept a crown from a Napoleon as that a i ! r e l o:le su w P i 6 l French garrison should occupy the chief city of The splendour of the tra nsaca Spanish Amer ica. %ion will compensate for its inutility or improvi dance, and new strength will be add e d t . the popular belief that civilisation is borne ° rou nd the wo rld on the wings of the Im p T h e new Monarchy must neces rial eagles. e- Barfly rely on the protecting power of France, as Austria has neither ships nor money tosend cr usading erra nds across the Atlantic. It . on is said, indeed, that Frenchmen hope to be relieved by an Austrian force from the burden of the M ye n if the cupation • but e Emperor Francis Joseph and the 'Council of the Empi!e were disposed to undertake t he task, the n appearance o f army in Mexico would be a curious modea German of com mencing that establishment of a great Latin and Celtic State which Napoleon 111, proposed in his letter to Gen . Fore,' as the main object of the war. It is not by Austrians that the Teutonic supremacy of the United States can be balan ced on the Western C o ntinent , T he Archduke o r Emperor Maximilian must be content to acknowledge the patronage of the real founder of the new dy ene EXAMINER. --A fellow ri,e, . asty. nto a railway car riage, and presently indecentlybta 1 assaults a married woman. The husband interferes , threatening him with chastisement if he does not desist. The ruffian pulls out a clasp knife, and makes a dash at the husband, and a desperate struggle follows for about ten m inutes. F ortun ately there v t he carriage who assists the husband, and between is a passenger in t h e two the ruffian is overpowered ßrighton case, the last out rage of the kind that we happen to be informed of, but not th e last we sh all have to notice if it be true t h a t lenient p unis hments Finigan was bro ught b encourage r before the Sussex county magistrates (Messrs. Scott and Warner) for exami nation, and the charge of outrage For the defence drunkenness was fully proved. master of the prisoner was was pleaded, and the his man a good character Nowbrought forward to give ~ air. Scott, in p ass - • mark what follows : of the offence, and saidi sentence,. dilated on the enormity of if they it had been a question with the y taking into consideration ought not to commit him for trial, but the fact that he Was d ion his previous good character, ' and had determined to treat the and did not injure any one, they him to two months' t ? offence summarily, at d sentenced It would have imprisonment with hard labour. dilated on the beenmie, much better if Mr. Scott had not to treat as :i f Ay of an offence which he in tendedconsiderations which no . enormity whatever. The pass so light a sentence induced the magistrates to offence were, nce for so wanton and savage an Let us ask previous good character and drunken ness.weight and earth ii whether the two were of equal to character is of In cases of doubt, evidence as proof of the value, but w h en th ere is positive most blackguardly and ruffianly con duct,show that the geod character will only serve to a prisonerword, d had passed for better than lie was—in that he was a successful hypo crite. But reason for dealing character was not the magistrates' only worshipful bending mildly with the offence. inc drunk, for it had to consider that Finigan was seems that, accepted in a"in Sussex, drunkenness is are directions mitigationforgross all who may be desirous of com mitting 0 they have outrages at the smallest cost. First , they bydese hypocrisy to get better characters thee by these ery two ' and next, they must get drunk, an d drink, recommendations together, decei t an d few days they will secure lenient treatment. Yet a ago we saw it laid down by the h i g h es t the authority,Chief Justice of England , that drunkenness was an aggravation ut offence. The occasion was a charge of unskilful treatment by a midwife, and Sir A. Cockburn directed the jury that 1 if they beli ev fact aggrav ed the cause to be drunkenness that sound is thet aed the offence. And thoroughly re a soning, for the wilful act of getting drunk worked the incapacity causing in jury. And so, too, in Finigan's case , the w il ful act of gettin g drunk i made a filthy and dangerous ruffian of him. But the Sussex justices, instead of regarding drunkennessa e s se aggravation of offence, wilful an or, in other words,of indefinite offence, have treated it so as to recommend it as qualifica tion for outrage with a view to lenient treatment. Pretty much what benefit of clergy used to be in feudal times, benefit of drunkenness is now, accord ing to a part of the magi& racy, a specimen of which we see on the Brighton bench. There was a third circumstance regarded in Finigan's favour which must not pass without notice. Forsooth, he had not injured any one! He had drawn a knife against a husband proteetieg his wife against in decent insult, he had been for 10 minutes struggling violently with the husband and another passenger, and being overmastered, and forcibly prevented from doing any mischief witn the knife, he is recom mended to the mercy of the Brighton bench by the fact that he did noc succeed in injuring any one ! Can the force of noodleism farther go ? When we see a decision like this, we are tempted to ask whether certain adjudications do not require the plea of drunkenness? Can men in their sober senses be pardoned such mischievous absurdities ? SPECTATOR.—Captain Marryatt once wrote that nothing could beat a London sparrow for impu dence except a midshipman, but the novelist had not the ill fortune of knowing the chairman of the Sabbath Alliance of Scotland. The Channel Fleet has been recently at Leith, and it appears that the vessels, like the shore, and the sea, and the green fields, and the river, and other things which God has made, may be seen by the public on Sunday. This greatly offended the Alliance and its chair man, a Mr. Blackadder, and he actually wrote by their order to Admiral Dacres requesting him to prohibit the public from going on board. The ad miral, in a very quiet but slightly scornful reply, pleaded his orders, and Mr. Blackadder, conse quently, proceeded to issue his mandate to the Dake of Somerset, of all men on earth. There is this use in an aristocrat. at all events, that he has never the . slightest idea of giving way to priestly imper tinence, and accordingly the Alliance were calmly informed that his Grace " was not prepared to les sen the facilities at present afforded to the inhabi tants of the ports at which the Channel Fleet touched," and declined to obey their ukase. Greatly aggrieved, the Alliance handed the correspondence to Dr. Begg. who read it aloud to the Assembly of the Free Church—who resolved to move all their presbyteries throughout Scotland to stir in the matter, with the view of coercing the Admiralty. In other words, Dr. Begg and his colleagues, irri tated that their own eloquence does not succeed in inducing their own people to obey their favourite dogma, are determined to call in the secular arm. Dr. Begg, being at heart a great deal better than his doctrine, stops short of effectual measures, and only exposes his wishes without enforcing his will. We wonder if he ever glanced at a rainbow on Sun day,. or sent up a memori a l th a t th a t o pp o rtunity for " desecration by sight-seeing" might be removed. LONDON REVIEW.—The public will learn with much surprise and apprehension that Mr. Oliver Lang has resi g n e d hi s p o sition as mast e r ship builder of Chatham Dockyard, and that the Admi ralty have ac ce p te d hi e res i gn ation, but requested him to conti nue t h e super i n t en d ence of the construc tion of the sechilles—the noblest of our ironsides— until she is launched. The question will naturally be asked, Why should Mr. Lang suddenly throw away the advantages of the position which he has so laboriously achieved with so much cre dit to himself and with such great benefit to the State—high official rank, good pay, and the certainty o f amp l e prov i s i on f or hi s o ld a ge ? wnen he may b e sa id to have reac h e d the topmost place in his profession in reality, if not in official rating. Nor are Mr. Lang's the only services the country is threatened w i s h l os i ng , for several of the master shipbuilder s i n o th er o f h er M a j e sty's yards haveintimated their intention of resigning also; so that there is e very pro b a bi l i ty o f the country losing the services of the ablest of its naval architects, whose education and great practical experience are the . results of co s tly exper i ments f or wh i c h th e na tion has been he av ily taxe d. U pon th e i r s kill and practical knowledge we have been taught to rely, to supply and ma i n t a i n out fi rst li ne o f d e fence. The services of such men we are to lose. And what are we to have in exchange ? A protege of his Grace the Duke of Somerset; by name Mr. E. J. Reed. It is no secret, that the discontent which prevails among the master ship-builders of all the yards arises from the appointment of Mr. E. J. Reed to be Chief Naval Constructor; and when the facts are known, the public will most likely think that Mr. Lang and hi s co ll eagues h ave on ly exhi bited a proper spirit in their courageous opposition to a system of jobbery in the administration of our naval affairs. It is but the other day that the soli citor to the Admiralty was awarded a retiring pen sion, long before he had earned it, in order to make a place for a country attorney who was thus in duced to resign the repr esen t a ti on o f Kidd erm i nster, which he had obtained by th e merest c h ance as a pis aller, and by a freak of the proprietor of the town ; so that Col. Luke White, a Junior Lord of the Treasury, and the rejected of an Irish constitu ency, might obtain a seat in the house. What is the consequence ? The country is saddled with two salaries for one officer, and the present soli citor is, as was naturally to be expected, ignorant of his duties, and inapt for their performance. Next, Sir Richard W. Bromley retired on full pay, end, as though this were not enough to recompense him for his official services, the Accountant-General for the Navy was in addition appointed Civil Com missioner to Greenwich Hospital, an office next door to a sinecure. And, lastly, Mr. Isaac Watts is ousted from his situation with scant delicacy and considerateness, to make room for Mr. E. J. Reed, who leaps into the place of Chief Constructor of the . Navy, over the heads of men who have grown grey in the service, and whose fitness for their positions has never been called in question. Of Mr. Reed we know nothing beyond what has been published through his friends and acquaintances connected with the cheap press. From this source we learn that he was educated at the Naval School, and by his good conduct attracted the notice and obtained the patronage of Dr. Wooley ; that he was ap prenticed in Sheerness-yard, where he served some time in the drawing-office; that he subsequently quitted the service rather than join the dockyard brigade; that he was next engaged as one of the editors of the Mechanics' Magazine, in which capa city he read a paper at the Society of Arts " On the Navies of France and England," and that he got up the Institute of Naval Architects—obtaining the appointment of secretary—which led to his connec tion with the Admiralty. COURT JOURNAL —Tt e Liberalism of the Em peror Franz Joseph and his talented and conscien tious advisers has first been appreciated in England by his expression of noble and manly sympathy for the brave and struggling Poles. Nor has Austria played a hesitating or a timid part during the whole course of negotiations which have taken place on behalf of the Poles. On the contrary, site has acted in a far moie independent spirit than our own country, and we believe that the people of Englund have to thank her that we were not blindly led by the deceptive proposals of the Emperor of the French. The Emperor of Austria saw through them from the beginning, and was fully aware that, how ever much he might sympathise with the Poles, it was a primary duty on his part, as a German Sove rign, to prevent any designs which Napoleon might en tertain for annexing certain portions of German territory to his own dominions, To England and Austria it is, perhaps, almost equally important that the Rhine should never become a purely French river; it is bad enough that our neighbours on the other side of the Channel have ever been allowed to retain possession of Strasbourg and the German provinces adjacent to it. On the reply of Prince Gortachakoff being received at the three Couris of London, Paris, and Vienna , it is said that the Emperor Napoleon was bent upon immediately despatching an ultimatum to the Emperor of Russia. But Austria wisely determined to act independently of French influence in this as in every other matter, and despatched a note on her own account, which, although boldly and decisively worded, contained nothing in it that could leave the Cabinet of St. Petersburg no other alternative but war. To the influence of Austria, also, may be ascribed the ap parent indecision which has lately been displayed in the counsels of the English Ministry, but which in reality has been produced by a willingness to aid the Poles in a material manner without being driven into a war which would only further the interests of France, and would be productive of no benefit whatever to Poland. On the contrary, that country would be still further converted into a scene of bloodshed and desolation, and became the theatre of operations for the armies of the three greatest Powers of the world. It is hard, perhaps, that the counsellors of England should not be farseeing enough to have come to this conclusion of their own accord, but, as we know such not to be the case, we may well he thankful to Austria that sh e has been the means of saving England from the designs of a Power which, however friendly it may be to the Poles, is still more mindful of its own advantage , and is ever bent upon one favourite and predominant idea—the rectification of its territory. In the same spirit which has induced her to take a prominent, and perhaps, the most useful, part of any in behalf of the Poles, Austria has determined to take the lead in the introduction of reforms for those people to whom her own population is allied by ties of blood, lan guage, and manners—for the whole of the States of Germany. The Austrians themselves are now, un doubtedly, the freest and best-governed people of Germany. But the other States were sadly in wan* of a strong Power to befriend them, and to unite them all in an effective and national bond of brother. hood and consanguinity than has hitherto existed in the smaller German Dukedoms and Principali ties. To the honour of Austria be it said, she has come forward at the right and required moment. and has now offered her services, as the greatest and freest Power in Gerrriany, to extend some pflrt of her iwn greatness and freedom to the remainder of the German people. ATHENEUM —Having tailed in laying a wire in the restless trough of the Bee Sea, but having on our hands the duty of completing our lines of com munication with Bombay and Calcutta, we are now about to adventure money and hope on the rival route of the Persian Gulf. The temptations offered by this line through Asia Minor are so great, that nearly all eastern travellers, and many of our best engineers have long been in favour of making the valleys of the Euphrates and Tigris our main roads of communication with India. It may sound very strange in ears accustomed to the tales of the Three Ladies to hear that telegraphic communica tion is even now open between London and Bag dad. But this is true. The Turks, who are not so far behind other nations as some men dream, have laid down a line of wires from Scutari, on the Bos phorus, by way of Disrbekir, on the upper reach of the Tigris, and the rich valley which once held the cities of Assyrian empire, down to Bagdad, the chief seat of oriental romance. There our Indian lard lines will commence; one running due south, through a wild Arab country, for about SOO miles, to the head of the Gulf; a second proceeding through Ispahan and Shiraz to Bushire; each joining thesab marine cable in the Persian Gulf. From Bushire the wires will catch at Cape Mussendom in Arabia, and thence at Gwadel, a bold headland on the Beloo chistan coast. From Gwadel to the most western station of British India, Kurrachee, in Scinde, a telegraph is already made. Of course, from Kurra chee the whole empire can be reached in a few minutes. Next year, it is hoped that the whole line will be open; in which case it will be possible for a man to ask a question in London and receive an answer from Calcutta on the same day. THE INDEPENDENCE OF POLAND. We are requested to publish the following reso lutions as well as the appended statement : "At a public meeting held at the St. James's-hall, West minster, on Wednesday evening, July 22, 1863, Sir Jchn Villiers Shelley, Bart., M.P., in the chair, upon the motion of Mr. Edmond Beales (barrister-at-law), seconded by Mr. George Odger (shoemaker), it was unanimously resolved,— ' That the devoted and self-sacrificing heroism of the Poles in all their previous struggles in defence either of their own rights or of the liberties of other nations, as well as in their present struggle for the recovery of the freedom and inde pendence of their country, entitles them to the warm and active affection and support of every free people ; while the atrocious conduct of the Russians in their past misrule and oppression of Poland, and in the war they are now waging for us renewed subjugation, is an insult to Christendom and an outrage on humanity.' "Upon the motion of Mr. W. Cremer (joiner), seconded by Sir Henry A. Hoare, Bart., it was further unanimously resolved,—' That this meeting deprecates all negotiation with Russia on the subject of Poland except on the basis of the immediate cessation of the hostilites now raging, the withdrawal of the Russian troops from every part of the Polish soil, and the estaolishment of a separate and inde pendent Polish State, and is convinced that if an armed in tervention should become necessary for effecting these ob jects the sacrifices which such intervention might entail upon the English people would be ctieerfully borne by them.' "Upon the motion of Michael R. Barry, Esq., barrister at-law, seconded by Mr. Wm. Staineby, tailor, it was also unanimously resolved,—` That a deputation wait upon Earl Russell to lay before him the resolutions adopted at this meeting, and to urge upon him an armed intervention, if necessary, on the part of England for the restoration of the independence of Poland. Such deputation to consist of the chairman, the movers, seconders, and supporters of the re solutions, and such other friends of Poland as may be de sirous to attend.' _ _ _ " A vote of thanks to the chairman, proposed by Lord Viscount Raynham, M.P., seconded by Mr. Connolly, mason, closed the meeting. " JOHN ROBERT TAYLOR, lion. Secretary." " In February, 1861, the Poles, after 30 years of the most cruel persecution, purposely intended to crush the national spirit, and at an almost intolerable crisis of that persecution, when innocent blood was flowing in the streets of Warsaw, shed in an unprovoked military onslaught upon a defenceless population, exhibited a firm but temperate demeanour, a moral strength and power of self-control and self-government, especially at the time of the peace of Warsaw being wholly intrusted to them, which excited the enthusiastic admiration of all Europe. "Anxious, scrupulously anxious, not to overstep the limits of law, they on that occasion simply addressed to the Russian Emperor an expodtion of the griefs of the nation, couched in dignified but respectful language, demanding nothing, but merely laying bare before him, with truth and fidylity, the oppressions endured for so many years. "That address was a truly national one ; it bore the signatures of the Catholic Archbishop, of the Ministers of the Protestant Churches, and of the Chief Rabbi of the Jews, as representing the several religious bodies in the State; of Count Andrew Zamoyski, the President of the Agricultural . Society, as representing the nobility and gentry ; and of various merchants and bankers, as repre• senting the moneyed and commercial interests. " The answer to this address was the assembling of masses of troops from different points at Warsaw, followed by a receipt from the Emperor, referring to the address in the most arrogant and contemptuous terms, treating it as the effect of hasty impulse on the part of a few individuals, as a document which he should consider unwritten, and, without one word of regret for the unprovoked massacre, whieh had been perthe p r e e t f r o a r t m e d s , a w l a l e r g n e i n d g t o t h b e e P i n o l p e s r o a g g r a e i s n s s , t y o a r n in d i nutlegref indulgence rceen in inopportune and exaggerated aspirations, which would meet with his severest reprobation. "The reforms referred to in this insulting missive were contained in an Ukase of the Ist of April, ordering the establishment of a Council of State, to consist of Govern ment nominees, for the administration of State affairs, and the establishment of provincial and municipal councils, to consist of members to be elected by the Poles, for the ad ministration of local affairs, wii h the creation of a separate department for ecclesiastical affairs and public instruction; but the promise of these reforms, such as they were, was accompanied by the dissolution of the Agricultural Society, which had been long and peaceably engaged in really and practically ameliorating the condition of the people, and alone possessed their confidence. "The futility, in fact, of these reforms, so far as regarded any real security for person or property, was painfully ex emplified by the perpetration on the Bth of April of a still more savage massacre than the former one, by organised troops on a defenceless populace, men, women, and children, with the accompaniment of the refined cruelty of forcibly carrying off the bodies of both the dead and the wounded, in order to prevent, if possible, any public demonstration of sorrow by relations and friends, or any relief to the wounded. " Still the nation remained quiet, in the hope that some relief might be obtained by peaceful means and through the provincial and municipal councils, the members of which were elected on the 23d of September, 1861; and at the same time the electors addressed a petition to the Emperor on the general state of the country. " These most peaceful and legitimate proceedings were followed by acts on the part of the Government and the Emperor which showed how impossible it was for the Poles to place any faith in Russian promises ; how even the alleged reforms were without any guarantee for their continuance or execution—were in fact a mere trap to discover and ensnare the men most trusted by the people. "For as soon as the result of the elections was known the councils were closed, many of the delegates were imprisoned, some were actually draughtod to Siberia, the remainder were placed under the surveillance of the police, and on the 14th of October, three weeks after the elections, Poland was proclaimed in a state of siege and placed under martial law ; the use of the national costume was prohibited, mourning even was proscribed, and the churches were desecrated by troops of Cossacks breaking into them and arresting the congregations for singing national hymns. " This state of things continued until the ukase of the 27th of May, 1862, which seemed to promise some relaxa tion of the national yoke, by separating th 3 civil from the military government, and making the authorities of both responsible to the Emperor's Lieutenant, such ukase being followed by the appointment of the Emperor's brother, the Grand Duke Constantine, as his Lieutenant of the King dom of Poland, and of the Marquis of Wielopolski as chief of the civil government. " Again, however, the relief was but nominal. According to a report drawn up in July, 1862, by the Municipal Coun cil of Warsaw, there were arrested and brought to one only of the prisons of that t.,wn, between Jan. Ist and July 19th 1862, no less than 14,833 persons, or one-fifth of the whole adult population of the town, the prisoners consisting indis criminately of Catholics, Protestants, and Jews, includ ing mothers with children at the breast. " In the course of events there occurred also a fresh and striking proof of Russians duplicity and faithlessness. " In the month of Aug., 862, Count Andrew Zamoyski was summoned to a conference with the Grand Duke, in s notwithstanding h e countryth lattere; h and d p e expressed s t e h d e a n desire th ef to t knowthat the month therea real Grandwant Duke addressed an appeal to the nation, comp l a i n ing that ' benevolent intentions' of the Empe ror, and the reforms which had been introduced, he had received no support from the Poles. " These reforms were similar to those before mentioned, together with a measure for the grant of land to the pea sants, as recommended by the Polish Agricultural Society; but the Poles felt that they had no guarantee for their ob servance while the administration of affairs was wholly in the hands of the Russians, and there was no real security for either person or property. Accordingly, upon the publication of this appeal, 300 of the chief Po lish landowners assembled openly at a public hotel at Warsaw, and agreed upon an address to the Grand Duke expressive of those wants and wishes of the country, ot the e G which ove r n i m t e N i v :Lt as the support f w o i r th t o h u e t p t h o l e e 8 s a t o t i s ion give to which this appeal appeare d to invite; the principal condi tion of that support being a national instead of a Russian e Administration, and the union of all the Polish provinces subject to Russia under such National Administration—in language, fact, the management by Poles of the affairs of Poland. " This address, couched in the most respectful was placed in the hands of Count Andrew Zamoyski, as the known friend of peace and order, and as the person whom the Grand Duke had consulted and invited to be the expo• nent of the national wishes. "For concurring in and receiving this address the Count was, in the following month of October, sent under escort to St. Petersburg, and was thence ordered by the Emperor into exile for an indefinite period, without permission even to a take leave of hi s family, although hi s w if e was at this ti afte e rwrd su a ffering from illness, of which she died a few days with iiima afterwards he Emperor having observed in the conference the only way of governing Poland is by terror, MURDER IN WOLVERHAMPTON. In Bilston-street, Wolverhampton, there is a wide court known as No. 4 Court, or the " bar racks," in which are about eight houses on either side tenanted at 2s. 3d. a week. In one of these there came to live some five weeks since a young man and woman, who seemed to obtain a liveli hood by making and vending skewers of iron wire. The woman appeared to be most active in the calling, but she never made herself very sociable with her neighbours, and was observed to be very careful, when she desired only to go to the other end of the court, to lock her door. On the evening of Monday, now nearly a month ago, the woman locked the house door, and told a next door neigh. bour that she was going out, and if any one called they were to be told that she was gone into the country. A few days after her departure a re spectable-looking woman came from Willenhall, a neighbouring township, and inquired for Mr. Wil liamson, her son, who was alleged to be the tenant of the house, and who had passed fOr the husband of the woman referred to. The message left by the woman was delivered, and old Mrs. Williamaon's desired that her son should be told to write to his mother, as she wished to hear from him. Whether or not the woman who made the inquiries was the person she alleged herself to be has not yet tran spired. Since that time the shutters of the front room of the house on the ground floor remained closed, and the window of the front room upstairs has been darkened by a thin muslin curtain and a coarse petticoat. Very offensive odours have for several days past annoyed the tenants right and left of the closed house—bat this was in each cese attributed to some local cause in the respective houses arising oat of domestic arrangements, and little suspicion seems to have been excited that the cause was in the house which lay between the 'two in which the annoyance was most experienced. The landlord called for his rent, but notwithstanding the long absence of his tenants did not take steps to enter the house, believing from the appearance of the woman (to whom, and not the man, he let the house) that his tenants were respectable people for their sphere, and that they would be home after harvest time. Yesterday morning, however, the neighbour with whom the message had been delivered by the woman tenant became uncomfortably inquisitive, and expressing a wish to a neighbour named Mary Lee that she should like to know what furniture was left in the house, Lee procured a key and opened the door. On entering, a strong stench seemed stirred by the air. Accompanied by a neighbour, another woman named Smith, she went upstairs. There the stench became so strong that she exclaimed, " There is some one dead in this house." Proceeding a step or two further, she saw in the front room that which made her call out, " Good God! come and see what ever it is." Mrs. Smith ran up stairs, but to do so it required groat moral courage on her part, so ex ceedingly offensive was the effluvium. On the floor of the room lay a mattress, and upon it there was stretched, covered over with a sheet and coverlet, what was evidently the corpse of an adult human being. Mrs. Lees, approaching to the foot of the bed, pulled off with some difficulty the quilt and sheet, for a portion of them was wrapped round and tucked under the head of the corpse. When the coverlet was drawn off, a scene indescribably repul sive lay before the searchers. On the mattress lay the blackened and decomposed body of a man literally swarming with and partially eaten by maggots. The body was blackened, not with decay alone, and the sheets and mattress was discoloured, not simply by the progress of decomposition, but by what appeared to be hot gas tar poured upon it during life. With this, upon the sheets, upon the mattress, and upon the floor around, blood was in termixed, and it was also found apart from the tar. One eye had been gouged out, and it lay upon the cheek, only slightly connected with its former posi tion. The nose was broken, the jaw was supposed to be broken, one lip was cut, a thumb was broken, and there seemed to be an incised wound on the thigh and upon another portion of the body near to that limb. The murdered man wore, as he lay in bed, only a shirt and waistcoat; and there is no doubt that some hand must have tended him after he was unable to do anything for himself. This is clear from the manner in which his head was covered with the bedclothes. These were fastened over the face, tight enough to secure suffocation if death had not previously taken place. To remove this cover ing so much force had to be applied by the woman Lee that when the coverlet came off the face and head, the hair of the corpse came away with it; and its colour convinced the woman that the deceased was the young man Williamson, who had passed for the husband of the woman who lived with him, but who left the house on the occasion and under circumstances already described, and who had not since been seen. At the inquest which was held before the inquiry commenced a woman present volunteered a state ment to the effect, that some time since she had known the deceased by the name of Bill, and she now remembered the name to be William Williams. She was able to identify him by his trouseas, which on one occasion she had mended. His mother lived at Portobello, a small town near Wolverhampton. A letter addressed to him had once been left at her house, and she had known him when he lived in Birmingham. He was not married, but he lived with a woman known by the name of Rose. This woman she had not seen for more than three weeks, " but," she added, " she knows all about it. She is a bad, good-for-nothing." Mary Lee, the woman who first found the body, was examined and said—l last saw Williams alive on Monday three weeks at the bottom of the court, and he then appeared to be in good haalth. On the evening of the same day I saw a woman with whom he lived go to the tap at the back of the building for some water. After filling her kettle she returned to the house, and I have not seen her since. The witness then stated what the woman had said before going to the country, and the manner in which the body had been discovered. Other evidence in corroboration of the above statement having been given, the inquiry was ad journed until the last day of this month. Dr. Gibbons, the surgeon, in the meantime, was in structed to make a careful post-mortem examination of the body. NEW HOPS.—The first pocket of new hops of the growth of 1863, arrived in the Borough on Saturday morn ing, from Mr. Thos. Manwaring, Brenchley, consigned to William Austen and Co. It was sold to Messrs. R. and T. Collis, and by them resold to Messrs. H. Boddington and Co., brewers, Manchester. They were fine in colour, healthy. and well managed, and known as the Early Brenchley Prolifics. HIGHLAND ROADS. ---♦--- Among the papers presented to Parliament before it rose is one that reads like a chapter of Scottish history. It is the final report of the Commissioners of,Highland Roads and Bridges, and reviews a period of more than a century. Years before " the 1745" the Government had found it necessary to construct military roads in the Highlands for the movement of the forces; but the rebellion having shown the danger arising from fastnesses inaccessible to troops, a more extensive system of communication was undertaken, and at length no less than 800 miles of military roads were completed, chiefly by military labour. From the object being the military occu pation of a mountainous eountry, many were found of little use for general commanication, and in more settled times were abandoned ; but 600 miles con tinued to be maintained for meny years at the public expense for the traffic of the districts through which they passed. At the commencement of the present century the Highlands were at peace; but in civilisation and industry these remote mountain districts were at least 50 years behind the Low lands of Scotland and all parts of England. A general scheme of roadmaking was not to be ex pected from the unaided efforts of local proprietors. They were as yet unaccustomed to association for public objects ; their moors and waste lands yielded a scanty income ; and many were jealous of the in vasion of their fastnesses by the outer world. In 1803 Parliament determined to encourage local enterprise, by contributing half the expense of forming new lines of road; and to superintend the work this commission was appointed, under the presidency cf Mr. Speaker Abbot. Comprising Mini sters of the Crown, and eminent members of both Houses connected with the Highlands, the Board secured the confidence of Parliament and the good will of local proprietors; and in less than 20 years 875 miles of Parliamentary roads, planned by Mr. Telford, were completed at an expense of £454,180, of which £152,390 were granted by Parliament. In 1814, Parliament reviewed the position of the military roads, relinquished the maintenance of more than half of them as unsuitable for traffic, and transferred the remaining 255 to the charge of the commissioners, to be maintained by tolls and assessments, aided by a small Parliamentary grant. From this period 1,194 miles of road were under the superintendence of the Board ; and in 1819 the grant was fixed at £5,000 a year, charged upon the Consolidated Fund, to meet assessments and tolls amounting to about £7,500 a year. The manage ment was economical, and various counties under took a large extension of independent roads com municating with the principal trunk lines of the Parliamentary roads. But in 1854 the grant, which in 1833 had been renewed for 31 years, was transferred with many similar charges from the Consolidated Fund to the annual estimates. In this position it was soon objected to as a public grant for a local object; and last year it was suddenly extinguished by an adverse vote in Com mittee of Supply. The Board, therefore, have had nothing left but to deliver over the 1,195 miles of road to the several local authorities, and the har bours to the proprietors of the adjacent lands, to submit to the Treasury the claims of the inspectors, and to present to Pariiament, under the hand of their secretary, Mr. T. Erskine May, this account of their work and its results. Reviewing the whole, they represent that they have watched the improve ment of the country with the deepest interest. They " found it barren and uncultivated, inhabited by heritors without capital or enterprise, and by a poor and ill-employed peasantry, and destitute of trade, shipping, and manufactures. They leave it with wealthy proprietors, a profitable agriculture, a thriving population, and active industry ; furnish ing now its fair proportion of taxes to the national exchequer, helping by its improved agriculture to meet the ever-increasing wants of the populous south, and contributing largely to the general pros perity of the country." COUNTRY MARKETS. 5 , 3.. , GRANTHAM—SATURDAY. New white wheat, 49s to 54s ; red, 45s to 49s per 36st. ; malting barley, —s to —s per qr ; grinding, 29s to 32s ; oats, 24s to 26s ; beans, 38s to 40s ; peas, 375 to 395. NORWICH—SATURDAY. There was a fair supply of wheat at market to-day, and consisted principally of the new crop. White wheat. 46s to 499 Red wheat 43 s to 48s Malting barley ...38s to 40s I Chevalier barley 36s to 379 Distilling do 33s to 35s I Oats.. 249 to 28a Flour, 32s 6d to 33s Od per sack from the miller. NOTTINGHAM-SATURDAY. White wheat, from 43s to 53s ; redwheat, 42s to 495. Barley—malting, —s to —s ; grinding, 27s to 295. Oats, old, at 25s to 31s Od ; new, 24s to 265. Beans sold at 41s to 45s per qr. ; new, 38s to 435. NORTHAMPTON—SATURDAY. White wheat, 45s to 49s ; red, 42s to 46s ; fine, 474 to —s per qr. Barley, 36s to 40s—grinding, 29s to 38s; Oats, 30s to 32s per 24 stone. Beans, 31s to 40e. Peas, 36s to 42s per qr. LEI CE STER.--SATIIRDAY. Old white wheat, 45s to 518; new, 48s to 53s per 36 stone. Old red, 44s to 498 per 36 stone. Barley, malting, new, 34s to 38s per qr.; grinding, 27s to 308; OA oats, 27s to 3:)s; new oats, 24s to 26s per 24 stone. Bean 09 new, 38s to 42e per 38 stone ; Roux, 30s to 368 per 20 stone. YORK— SATURDAY. There was a moderate show of wheat to-day, and the sales were slow, at a slight fall on last week's rates. Oats dull, with a tolerable supply, and prices slightly lower. Barley scarce, and in favour of sellers. Beans in limited supply, but more inquired for, at higher prices. Wheat, red 44s to 48s Uats.... 2os to 249 White do .48s to 62s Beans 38s to 42s Barley .29s to 30s Peas ....—s to —9 Malt, 62s to 64s per qr.; rye, 34s per qr ; flour, 32s to 36s per sack. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Horniman's pure Tea; very choice at 38 4d. and 4s. "High Standard" at 4s. 4d. (formerly 45. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every town supply it in packets. ADVERTISEMENT.]—Avoid medicines: they always aggra vate chronic complaints, but Du Barry's Delicious Health Restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, which saves fifty times its cost in other remedie s, invariably cures them, restoring perfect digestion, stron g nerves, sound lungs, healthy liver, pure blood, refreshing sleep, functional regularity, and energy to the most disordered or enfeebled. We extract a few out of 60,000 Cures :—Cure No. 58,216 of the Marchioness de Brehm, Paris, of a liver complaint, wasting away for seven years, debility, with a nervous palpitation all over, b i a digestion, constant sleeplessness, the most intolerable nervous agitation, and dreadfully low spirited.—Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies, Lord Lieut. of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia.—Ne. 49,832. " Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting.—Maria Jolly." —Cure No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, Spitting of blood, liver derange ment, and partial deafness.—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, 101 l spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure No. 54,816. The Rev. Jas, T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, " of indigestion and torpi. dity of the liver, which had resistei all medical treatment.. In tins, 1 lb., 2s. 9d. ; 21b., 4s. 6d ; 51b., 11s. ; 121 b., 225. ; 241b' 405.—Barry Du Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London; also Fortnum and Mason ; and all Grocers and Chemists in every town of the United Kingdom. Birth s . PA of GE aT.—On t he 7th inst., n ear Copenhagen, Lady Paget, daughr. wife of C. T. Leach, Esq., of a son. at 5, The Grove, Balham, the m L B o a n c E l.:o . o t h n e t l h 4 e t inst., 12th inst., at Winchester, the wife of the Rev. H. E. Moberly, of a son. PITT.—On the 12th inst., at Dover, the wife of Captain T. Pitt, R.A., of a daughter. Marriages. BLUNDELL--BYNG.—On the 14th inst., at St. George:4 Hanover-square, IL Blundell, Esq., Capt. Rifle Brigaae, to the Hon. Beatrice Byng, Maid of Honour to H.M. the Queen, and youngest daughter of the late Vice-Admiral the li.on. IL D. Byng. DANGAN—AVTLLIAms.—On the Bth inst., at St. George'st Hanover-square Viscount Denman, eldest son o f th e Earl C owley, G , CB., to Emily Gwendolen, second daughter of Col. Peers Williams, of Temple House, Borks Deaths. CORNELL.—At 3, Regent-street, St. James's. G eo rge Cornell, Esq. of the firm of Messrs. Hopkin s o n an d Co., of 3, Reg-int:street, bankers. ED WARDS.—On the Bth inst., at Tiddington, near Thaw°, Oxon, Sophia, widow of the Rev. James Edwards, vicar of Fairford, Gloucestershire, aged 95. GRE EL—On the 14th inst., at Streatham, William Henri Green, Esq., of Hong Kong, aged 34. M U R RAY.--On the 12th i ns t., a t Wi m bl e d on, H enr y S. urray, Esq., son of the late General the Hon. Sir Henri Murray, R.C.B. SPENCER.—On the 12th inst., at Nuttall, Notts, suddenly' at an advanced age, Miss Helen Anne Spencer. Wi Lxiiktsoic.—On the 14th inst., at 9, Marylebone-stree t, R egent-street, William Wilkinson, Esq., aged 81. London : Printed and Pubnehed by WILLIAM ANDREWef of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SuN Office No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the '3avoy, in the County Of Middlesex.— Monday, August 17,,186.3.