The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-13 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, AUGUST 13, 1863. Sou them Account of the Battles of Gettys- burg• I proceed to• day to give you a hasty sketch of the move ments of this army since we crossed the Potomac. As I was not with our advance, under Lieut.-General Ewell, I shall not be able to give you as full and reliable reports of the movements of his corps up to the battle of Gettysburg as of the main body of the army, which crossed the Potomac two days after his corps. I learn that Eweil's corps crossed on 23d June—one portion at Shepherdstown and another at "Williamsport, and that the two columns united at Hagers town, From the latter place one division—Rhodes', I think —was pushed on through Greencastle and Chambersburg to Carlisle, making at all three of these places considerable captures of army supplies—hats. shoes, clothing, and medi cal stores. Another division—Early's—turned to the right from Chambersburg and moved on York, on the Northern Central Railroad, when, after a short and inconsiderable engagement with a body of Pennsylvania militia, in which quite a ndmber were taken prisoners, the town surrendered. Early then pushed on to Wrightsville, on the south side of the Susquehannah, where were posted a small body of mi litia, who fled precipitately at his approach across the river, and burned the bridge. Some few prisoners were taken at Carlisle-200 or 300—all militia, and they, as also those captured at York and Wrightsville, were immediately pa roled and discharged. On the morning of the 24th of June A. P. Hill's corps (the Third) crossed the Potomac at Boteler's Mill, one mile below Shepherdetown, Anderson's division being in the advance. That night the head of Hill's corps reached ]3oonsboro', which latter place was occupied by Wright's brigade of Andersen's division. From this place we moved on Chambersburg, via Funkstown, Hagerstown, and Mid dleburg, reaching the former on the 27th. Passing through Chambersburg on the 27th, we pushed on to Fayetteville, Eve miles from Chambersburg, on the Baltimore and Phi ladelphia turnpike. Here we halted until Tuesday, the 30th, waiting for the rear of the corps and our supply trains to come up. In the meantime Longstreet's corps had turned up the river from Millwood, and passing through Martinsburg, erossed the River at Williamsport, and,falling into our line of advance at Hagerstown, followed it to Fayetteville, reaching the latter place on Monday, the 29th. Having now concentrated our army, except Ewell's corps, whose operations have already been given, on Tuesday the 30th General Lee ordered the line of march to be taken up for Gettysburg, 20 miles distant in an easterly direction. In this movement Hill's corps was in the advance, and in the following order :—Heth's division, Pender's division, .. An derson's division ; then Longstreet's corps, M'Laws' sion, Hood's division ; Pickett's division being left at Clurn beisburg to protect our rear and convoy the reserve trains. Two miles from Fayetteville we crossed the South Moun tain at Stephens' (Thaddeus) Iron W orks, all of which were completely destroyed. Owing to the narTw road through the mountain pass only t wo divisions of Hill 's corps crossed the mountain on the 30th. Early on Wednesday Hill's re maining division (Anderson's) and Longstreet's corps moved on after Hill's advance. At 10 o'clock a.m. on the Ist instant, Heth's division being ahead, encountered the enemy's advance line—the 11th corps—about three miles west of Gettysburg. Here a sharp engagement began, our men steadily advancing and driving the enemy before them to the town, and to a range of hills or low mountains running out a little east of south from the town. Late in the evening two divisions —Early's and Rhodes's, of Ewell's corps—came up on our left from Carlisle and York, and, falling upon the enemy's right flank, drove him with great slaughter upon and through the town to the heights on the south. In the meantime Pender's division (of Hill's corps) had mo ve d up to the support of Heth on the right, and opened a hot fire upon the enemy, which drove them back upon the low mountain range already alluded to. Anderson's division got up too late to participate in the day's engagement, owing to its having been unnecessarily halted for more than three hours on the eastern slope of the South Mountain, at a small v illage called Cashtown. This halt was made while the division was not only hearing the fire of the battle, but was actually in sight. From its position the men could see each discharge of o ur own and the enemy' s guns — cou ld see t h a t Heth was driving him slowly but steadily. If Anderson had pushed on, it is more than probable the whole Yankee force would have been captured; for up to this time (Wed nesday evening) the enemy had not brought up his main force. The addition of Anderson's force to that already en gaged on our side would have enabled us to get possession of the mountain range upon which the subseqaentbattles were fought by the enemy. Had our army succeeded in getting possession of this range there can be no doubt that the whole Yankee army would have been destroyed. As it was, the delay of Anderson prevented Heth and Pender from taking possession of this important position, and permitted it to fall into the enemy's hands. I have no hesitation in saying that the fatal blander was fraught with the most disastrous consequences to our arms. I learn that all of the brigadier commanders in Anderson's division were anxious to advance, but the major-general would not con sent. I have heard no reason given for this delay, and presume that General Lee will have the whole matter in vestigated. It is due to himself and his noble army that it should be done—that the country and army should know why seven or eight thousand men were kept idle in sight of a terrible and important battle, without being allowed to fire a gun. The result of the day's fight may be summed up thus :—We had attacked a superior force—had driven him over three miles ; captured three thousand prisoners, and killed and wounded five or six thousand. ur own loss was not heavy, though a few brigades suffered severely. The conduct of Gordon's and Hays' brigades is said to have been very fine. It was these two brigades of Early's division which drove the enemy through the town of Gettysburg. All of our troops behaved well that were en gaged. Late in the evening Anderson's division and M'Laws' division, of Longstreet's corps, got up to within a mile or two of the town and bivouacked for the night. Early next morning (Thursday), the 2d, Hood's division also got up, and our line of battle was formed. The enemy, during the night, had succeeded in getting up his entire force—some 130,000 to 150,000 men—and took up a strong position on a low mountain range, or ridge, which runs nearly south from Gettysburg. The town is situated on the northern slope of this range, and about a mile and a half or two miles from its summit. The western slope of this range is in cultivation, except small patches, where the mountain side is so precipitous as to defy the efforts of the farmer to bring it into subjection to the ploughshare ; these patches are co. vered with small timber and undergrowth. At the foot of the mountain is a narrow valley, from a mile to two miles in width, broken in small ridges running parallel with the mountain. On the western side of the valley rises a long, high hill, mostly covered with heavy timber, but greatly inferior in altitude to the mountain range upon which the enemy had taken up position, but running nearly parallel with it. The valley between this ridge and the mountain is in cultivation, and the fields were yellow with the golden harvest. About four or five miles south from Gettysburg the mountain rises abruptly to an altitude of several hundred feet, presenting a sharp, rugged, and almost perpendicular peak, covered with original forest growth. Upon this peak the enemy rested his left flank, his right being upon the crest of the range about a mile or a mile and a half from Gettys burg. Our line of battle was formed along the western slope of the second and inferior ridge described above, and in the following order—Ewell's corps on the left beginning at thy town, with Early's division, then Rhode's division, On the right of Rhode's division was the left of Hill's corps, commencing with Heth's, then Finder's and Ander son's divisions. On the right of Anderson's division was Longstreet's left. M'Laws' division being next to Ander- R _ ° / 1 , and Hood on the extreme right of our line, which was ' l. lToilite the peak upon which the enemy's left rested. A 1 : 1 B 1 ( skirmish firing was kept up during the entire morning, ~‘ 1„ „t .4 ° general engagement took place until late in the after -11-6itlerl„towill be seen that in the order of battle given above ei v i ejo : of ilnson s division of Ewell's corps, nor Pickett 's day ueou nestreet's corps, had a place. Up to Thurs had beeu tr e l t tlier of these divisions had come up. Pickett escort our a t Chambersburg to protect our rear and the Suseneh e Z t rain, and Johnson had been operating on time, early i u il , in the direction of Harrisburg. At one awn made an attrling) Hays' brigade of Early's divi the town, and char lion the enemy on the south side of fain soon got p a „,:Z l lip the northern slope of the moun them from a stron g the enemy's first line, driving l '"b• on the Cemetery Hill. It is th oug ht that it adequate i : e DPort had be e n near at hand he m i g ht have dislodged t on the right. Gordo / e s bri t ' g "l aci Y from his strong position was double-quicked to his eup e ' vhieh was in the town, g petit'th.bms at t o tt v ice ing th promptly o tarnad rapidly ; but, owing to th© Before his support verse, Hays was compelled to fallilayekw ve, it is said that his reached him. In this charge of men clubbed their guns and had a des conflict with a very superior force of theatem band to band the slaughter of the Yankees was fearful. evaY, and that About the middle of the afternoon orders zrterilnee tuerai t o the diff eren t commanders to prepare for a m a tt ac k upon the e nem y 's centre and left. Lo t o co mmence th e movement, which was to be follow on his le f t i n quick success ion b y the respective divisions' of Hill's corps. As Anderson's division, or at l east a por tion of it, to ok a conspicuous part you in this the order movement, I have ascerta ined, an d now give of its different brigades th e ':—Onm _e a x x tr :fl o e ft r , ight of Anderson's was Wilcox's bri division, connecting w i t h . L and Malone's. At ade, then Perry's, Wright s, Posey s, half-past 5 o'clock Longstree; commenced the attack, and Willcox followed it up by prompt!moving Y f o rward; Perry's brigade quickly followed, a nd Wright moved simultaneously with him. The two divisions of Longstreet'scothrpothe rangsEsomom e n e e t n s : countered the enemy posted a little in rear burg turnpike, which winds a lon g the slop of e of upon which the enemy's main force was concentrated. After driven back a short but spirited engagement, the enemy. and upon the main line upon the crest of the hill. DI Hood's division made a desperate assault upon their main line ; but owing to the precipitate and very rugged. charac- The ter et the slope, were unable to reach the summit• enemy's loss on this part of the line was very heavy. I ha ve heard several officers say that they have never seen the enemy's dead cover the ground so thickly, not even at the first Fredericksburg fight, as they did on that portion of the field over which INPLaws' troops fought. While the light was raging on our right, Wilcox and Wright, of Anderson's division, werepreefsing the enemy's centre. Wilcox pushed forward for nearly a mile, driving the enemy before him and up to his very guns, over and beyond his batteries, seve ral guns of which he captured, and nearly up to tht summit of the hill, Wright had swept over the valley under a ter rific fire from the enemy's batteries, posted n M'Pher son's heights, bad encountered the enema', f dvance line, and had driven him across the Emmetsbur4b like to a posi tion behind a stone wall or fence which runs parallel with the pike, and about 60 or 80 yards in front of the batteries on the heights and immediately under them. Here this gallant brigade had a most desperate engagement for 15 or 20 minutes ; but charging rapidly up the almost perpendi- cular side of the mountain, they rushed upon the enemy's infantry behind the stone wall, and drove them from it at the point of the bayonet. Now concentrating their fire upon the heavy batteries (20 guns) of the enemy on the crest of the heights, they soon silenced them, and rushing forward with a shout, soon gained the summit of the heights, capturing all the enemy's guns, and driving their infantry in great disorder and confusion into the woods beyond. We now had the key to the enemy's stronghold, and ap parently the victory was won. M‘Laws and Hood had pushed their line well up the slope on the right; Wilcox had kept well up on his portion of the line; Wright had pierced the enemy's main line on the summit of M'Pher son's Heights, capturing his heavy batteries, thus breaking the connection between his right and left wings. I said that, apparently, we had won the victory. It remains co be stated why our successes were not crowned with the important results which should have followed such heroic, daring, and indomitable bravery. Although the order was peremptory that all of Anderson's division should move into action simultaneously, Brigadier-General Posey, command ing a Mississippi brigade, and Brigadier-General Mahone, commanding a Virgiuian brigade, failed to advance. This failure of these two brigades to a dvance is assigned, as I learn upon inquiry, as the reason why Fender's division, of Hill's c w o a r P s o didconot eandeveanfcercatlatbeeortdigerhtbeainngd tbheattatkheenaudp. vancealong our whole line. Fender's failure to advance caused the division on his left—Beth's —to remain inactive. Here we have two whole divisions, and two brigades of another, standing idle spectators of one of the most desperate and important assaults that has ever been made on this conti nent-15,000 or 20,000 armed men resting on their arms, in plain view of a terrible battle, witnessing the mighty efforts of two little brigades (Wright's and Wilcox's, for p er ry had fallen back overpowered) contending with the heavy masses of Yankee infantry, and subjected to a most deadly fire from the enemy's heavy artillery, without a single effort to aid them in the assault or to assist them when the heights were carried. Perry's brigade, which was between Wilcox and Wright, soon after its first advance was pressed so heavily as to be forced to retire. This left an interval in the line between Wright and Wilcox, and which the enemy perceiving, he threw a heavy column in the gap then made, deploying a portion of it in Wilcox's left flank,while a large force was thrown in rear of Wright's right flank. The failure of Posey and Mahone to advance upon Wright's left enabled the enemy to throw forward a strong force on that flank, and to push it well to his rear along the Emmets burg pike. It was now apparent that the day was lost— lost after it was won—lost, not because our army fought badly, but because a large portion did not fight at all. My narrative left Wright's little brigade of Georgians in the enemy's entrenchments upon the heights. Let us re turn to this little Spartan band, who this day covered them selves with glory—alas, how vallyl Perceiving, after getting possession of the enemy's works, that they were cer tainly isolated—more than a mile from support—that Perry's brigade had been driven back on their right; that no advance had been made on their left, and just then seeing the enemy's flanking columns on their right and left flanks rapidly converging in their rear, these noble Georgians faced about, abandoning all the guns they had captured, and prepared to cut their way through the enemy who had now almost entirely surrounded them. Springing with alacrity down the hill to the stone fence, they were halted, and delivered a well-directed fire upon the enemy then passing along the pike road. Following this discharge by a charge over the stone wall and through the enemy's ranks, they soon gained the foot of the slope, when the lately aban doned guns upon the heights opened a most destructive fire of grape and canister upon them. Here their loss was very severe. But although more than one-half their number had fallen—although every field officer but one had been killed or wounded—with their comrades falling in heaps on every side, this little handful of choice spirits retired in tolerable order until they reached the bottom of the second slope, where they were halted, faced to the front and reformed, to await the approach of the enemy, now seen advancing about three hundred yards distant. The Yankees, perceiving that our men had reformed for a fight, prudently withdrew without firing a gun. During this time Wilcox, who had driven the enemy well up the side of the mountain, capturing several of his guns, found his left exposed by the flank movement of the enemy, heretofore mentioned, and was compelled to retire, abandoning his captured guns. On our right M'Laws and Hood continued to press the enemy until night set in and ended the sanguinary conflict. The enemy's loss during this day's fight was very heavy, particularly on that portion of the field where Benin's brigade (of Hock's division), Barksdale's and Wofford's (of M'Laws'), and Wilcox's and Wright's (of Anderson's division) were engaged. Our own loss was slight, except in Wright's and Wilcox's brigades, in both of which it was very heavy, amounting to more than half of the forces engaged. Early next morning—Friday, the 3d—preparations were made for a general attack along the enemy's whole line, while a large force was to be concentrated against his centre, with the view of retaking the heights captured and aban doned the day before by Wright. Lieutenant General Longstreet massed a large number of long range guns-55 in number—upon the crest of a slight eminence just in front of Perry's and Wilcox's brigades, and a little to the left of the heights, upon which they were to open. Lieu tenant-General Hill massed some 60 guns along the hill in front of Posey's and Mahone's brigades, and almost immediately in front of the heights. At twelve o'clock the signal gun was fired, and the cannonading com menced. The fire of the guns was concentrated upon the enemy's line on the heights stormed on the day before by Wright's brigade. Our fire drew a most terrific one from the enemy's batteries, posted along the heights from a point near Cemetery Hill to the point in their line op posite to the position of Wilcox. I have never yet heard such tremendous artillery firing. The enemy must have had over 100 guns, which, in addition to our 115, made the air hideous with most discordant noise. The very earth shook beneath our feet, and the hills and rocks seem to reel like a drunken man. For one hour and a half this most terrific fire was continued, during which time the shrieking of shells, the crash of falling timber, the fragments of rock flying through the air shattered from the cliffs by solid shot, the heavy mutterings from the valley between the opposing armies, the splash of bursting shrap nel, and the fierce neighing of wounded artillery horses, made a picture terribly grand and sublime, but which my pen utterly fails to describe. After the firing had continued for little more than an hour the enemy's gun began to slacken, and finally all were silenced save some six or eight, which were in a clump of woods a little to the left of the stone fence. Now the storming party was moved up, Pickett's division in advance, supported on the right by Wilcox's brigade and on the left by Heth's division, commanded by Pettigrew. The left of Pickett's division occupied the same ground over which Wright had passed the day before. I stood upon an eminence and watched this advance with great interest. I had seen brave men pass over that fated valley the day be fore ; I had witnessed their death struggle with the foe on the opposite heights ; I had observed their return with shat tered ranks, a bleeding mass, but with unstained banners. Now I saw their valiant comrades prepare for the same bloody trial, and already felt that their efforts would be vain unless their supports should be as true as steel and brave as lions. Now they move forward; with steady, measured tread they advance upon the foe. Their banners float defiantly in the breeze, as onward in beautiful order they press across the plain. I have never seen since the war began (and I have been in all the great fights of this army) troops enter a fight in such splendid order as did this splendid division of Pickett's. Now Pettigrew's command emerge from the woods upon Pickett's left, and sweep down the slope of the hill to the valley beneath, and some 200 or 300 yards in rear of Pickett. I saw by the wavering of this line as they entered the conflict that they wanted the firmness of nerve and steadiness of trad which so characterised Pickett's men, and I felt that these men would not, could not, stand the tremendous ordeal to which they would be soon subjected. These were mostly raw troops, which had been recently brought from the South, and who had, perhaps, never been under fir e—who certainly had never been in any ver y severe fight—and I trembled for their conduct. Just as Pickett was getting well under the enemy's fire our batteries ceased firing. This was a fearful moment for Pickett and his brave command. Why do not our guns reopen their fire is _ . . .._ the inquiry that rises upon every lip. Still our batteries are silent as death. But on press Pickett's brave Virginians. And now the enemy open upon them from more than 50 Tune a terrible fire of grape, shell, and canister. On, on they move in unbroken line, delivering a deadly fire as they their artille ry , Z., h ere Now they have reached the Emmetsburg road, turn their whir fire the Z e i r e e 4e B Y . meet a severe fire from the heavy masses of ryinfantry, posted behind the stone fence, while flee from the annoyance of our artillery, stone fence remain fi rm. holee re upon this devoted band. Still they ; the ,7 an again they advance; they storm the one by on e , silenced Ines fly. The enemy's batteries are, deliver their fi re at the pieces. I see Kemper quick succession as Pickett's men Ban the enemy's works. I hear th and and drive them from their glad shout of victory. vnicmtoyri7aus6r:s6htoUt of the gallant Vir- Let us now look after Patti h eir rtead plant their banner in division. Where are they now ? While the i luY eyes to the left, and there all over the plain in utmos'utrucokezinfusionis scattered ginians is still ringing this strong division. Their line is bre apparently panic-stricken, to the rear. Ti:etilate, fl ying, grew is wounded ; but he still retains --"`" retti comraaad .4 vainly striving to rally his men. Still the moving -bi rush pell-mell to the rear, and Pickett is left alone to con, tend with the hordes of the enemy now pouring in u pon him on every Bide. Garnet falls, killed by a Minie ball, an d Kemper, the brave and chivalrous, reels under a mortal wound, and is taken to the rear. Now the enemy moved around strong flanking bodies of infan- try, and are rapidly gaining Pickett's rear. The order is given to fall back, and our men commence the movement, doggedly contending for every inch of ground. The enemy press heavily our retreating line, and many noble spirits who had passed safely through the fieryordeal of the advance and charge now fall on the right and on the left. Armistead is wounded and left in the enemy's hands. At this critical moment the shattered remnant of Wright's Georgia brigade is moved forward to cover their retreat, and the fight closes here. Our loss in this charge was very severe, and the Yankee prisoners taken acknowledge that theirs was immense. Anticipating that a renewal of the attack would be made on this point in his line, Meade had concentrated a very heavy force of infantry in support of his batteries, and the fire of our artillery was said to have been very destructive to them, lying as they were in heavy masses just in rear of their own guns. I have stated that just after Pickett commenced the attack our batteries ceased firing, and upon inquiry I learn that they had exhausted all their ammunition, and were thus compelled to withdraw. This is most remarkable, and would seem to demand investi gation. During the attack made by Pickett, M'Laws had been actively engaged on our right, but with no decisive results. Ewell, also on our extreme left, had been threatening the enemy in his position on Cemetery Hill ; but these were mere feints, to cover and divert attention from our main attack upon the centre. You will see that twice wo took the M'Pherson Heights—the real key to the enemy's whcle position—once by a single brigade on Thursday, and again by a single division on Friday, and that in both instances we lost it by the failure of proper supports to the at tacking parties. On whom the blame rests for the second failure I shall not attempt to say. The most careless reader will be at no loss to discover the responsible party. For the failure to send in support in the first assault (on Thursday) the conviction is general in this army that Major General Anderson should be held responsible. It was a portion of his division that made the assault and successful charge, and two of his strongest brigades, al though on the field, were not put in action. Why this was so I presume and hope he will be able to explain when he comes to make his official report. Nothing further transpired during the afternoon and night of Friday. On Saturday we were engaged with strong working parties burying our dead and caring for the wounded. It is now apparent that the enemy's position was almost impregnable. It was farther made known that the three days' fighting had nearly exhausted our ammunition. There had been indications the night before (Friday) that the enemy were moving off ; but all Saturday morning the atmosphere was so hazy that nothing could be seen, and from noon until night the rain poured in such torrents as to utterly preclude any accurate observations being made. During the whole of the day our wounded—at least such as were able to bear it—were being sent towards Hagerstown, and late in thq afternoon our ai tillery and waggon trains also commenced moving in the same direction. At dark our whole army were put in motion, taking the road to Fairfield, and crossing South Mountain at Waterloo Gap. Our falling back was orderly, and with out loss of men or guns. All our artillery was brought off, and very few, if any, stragglers fell into the enemy's hands. Having crossed the mountain we moved on to Hagerstown, where we arrived on Monday, the 6th. Here we took position, and calmly awaited the approach of the enemy. On Tuesday his advance got as near to us as Funkstown, four miles south of Hagerstown, and on Wednesday and Thursday his whole command confronted us. We were anxious for him to commence the attack, and hourly ex pected the ball to open. During Friday, Saturday, Sun day, and Monday, we lay face to face ; but the enemy re fused to accept our wager of battle. On Monday night, finding that the enemy had no idea of offering us battle, but had gone to work entrenching and fortifying, General Lee determined to re-cross the river. I have no doubt the continued and heavy rains, and consequent rapid rising of the Potomac, had some influence on this movement. We are now all on the " sacred soil of old Virginia," in fine spirits and good health, and fully prepared to meet the Yankee army whenever it shall get ready to move upon us. No one in the army has had his confidence in Gen. Lee in the slightest degree impaired by the last month's campaign. He had difficulties to contend with which impartial history will duly record, and his fair fame will not receive a single blot by this campaign. I shall at some future moment, when I have leisure, give you some more full particulars of the campaign and what we accomplished. Our loss in the three days' fighting at Gettysburg will fall below 10,000 in killed, wounded, and missing. The enemy's loss is at least 30,000 killed and wounded, and 10,000 prisoners. Some of the prisoners—indeed most of them—were paroled in Penn sylvania. The balance have been sent to Richmond. The sun rises, clouds obscure its brightness as if loth to look upon the scene to witness such inhumanity, but from which no people are exempt who ever left a history or bene fited the human race. The conflict began ere Tubal Cain first worked in brass, and will continue till a higher virtue than man has ever reached shall govern events. Soon the division leaves the main road, makes a detour to the right, winds over hill through wood towards the right of our line of battle. The morning is now wearing away; at times a cannon shot breaks the quiet, and a shell comes screaming through the sir. Now and then the skirmishers break forth, varying from the sharp, quick crack of a single rifle to perfect volleys. Hour after hour thus passes, and the battle is not yet begun. Our troops are raking position. Ewell is on the left, Hill holds the centre, and Longstreet on the right. Long lines of men are moving across yonder fields, or marching through that piece of wood. Batteries of artillery occupy this hillock and that mound ; whilst along the low range of hills just back of Gettysburg at intervals are batteries unlimbered and ready for action. Towards the left a body of cavalry are slowly moving. It is now nearly noon; the clouds break away—the air is warm and sultry. ei The signal flags are waving fast intel ligence along our lines. Presently the shrill sound of a Whitworth awakes the silence, then batteries slowly open from this point and that. The enemy reply with vigour. The fire on either side rapidly increases ; dense columns of smoke hang over the beautiful valley, and, rising upward, slowly float away. From that point a new battery belches forth—another and still another joins in the awful chorus— the very air seems filled with hissing, screaming, bursting shells. The lurid flame leaps madly from the cannon's mouth—each moment the roar grows more intense—now chime in volleys of small arms. But where is that division which is to play so conspicuous a part in this day's tragedy ? they are in line of battle, just fronting that frowning hill, from which heavy batteries are belching forth shell and shrapnel with fatal accuracy. The men are lying close to the ground; hours pass, and the deadly missiles come thick and fast on their mission of death. See that shattered arm ; that leg shot off, that headless body, and here the mangled form of a young and gallant lieutenant, who had braved the perils of many battles. That hill must be carried, to rout the enemy; a terrible chastisement has been inflicted on him ; with immense loss he had been driven from his position two days previous —this is his stronghold. This captured, rout is inevitable ; exceedingly strong by nature, but rendered more so by the works thrown up the night before. It is a moment of great emergency; if unshrinkiug valour or human courage can carry these heights it will be done. Gen. Pickett receives the order to charge those bat teries at the opportune moment. The cannonade still goes on with intense fury; our batteries are handled with great skill. This battery and that limbers up, advance to the front, wheel into action, and again the roar of cannon becomes almost deafening. Our shells seem to burst with terrible accuracy ; now a caisson of the enemy's is blown up ; quickly another follows ; their fire slackens; the order comes to advance. 'That flag which waved amid the wild tempest of battle at Gaines' Mill; Frazer's Farm, and Manassas, never rose more proudly. Kemper, with as gallant men as ever trod beneath that flag, leads the right; Garnett, with his heroes, brings up the left; and the veteran Armistead, with his brave troops, moves forward in support. Tho dis tance is more than half a mile. As they advance the enemy fire with great rapidity—shell and solid shot give place to grape and canister—the very earth quivers beneath the heavy roar—wide gaps are made in this regiment and that brigade—yet they quckly close up and move steadily on ward. That flag goes down. See how quickly it again mounts upward, borne by some gallant man, who feels keenly the honour of his old Commonwealth in this hour which is to test her manhood. The line moves onward, straight onward—cannons roaring, grape and canister plunging and ploughing through the ranks, bullets whizzing as thick as hailstones in winter, and men falling as leaves fall when shaken by the blasts of autumn. In double quick, and with a shout which rises above the roar of battle, they charge. Now they pour in volleys of musketry—they reach the works—the contest rages with intense fury—men fight almost hand to hand—the red cross and gridiron wave defiantly in close proximity—the enemy are slowly yielding —a Federal officer dashing forward in front of his shrink ing columns, and with flashing sword, urges them to stand. Gen. Pickett, seeing the splendid valour of his troops, moves among them as if courting death by his own daring intrepidity. The noble Garnett is dead, Armistead wounded, and the brave Kemper, with hat in hand, still cheering on his men, falls from his horse into the ranks of the enemy. His men rush forward, rescue their general, and he is borne mortally wounded from the field. Where is the gallant Williams? The first is there, but his clear voice is no longer heard—he has fallen lifeless, and there goes his horse now riderless. There stand the decimated ranks of the Third ; and Mayo, though struck, stands firm with his faithful men, animating them to yet more daring deeds ; but Callcott, the Christian soldier, who stood unmoved amid this carnival of death, has fought his last battle ; no sound shall awake him to glory again till the summons of the Great Judge, announcing to him the reward of the faithful soldier who has fought the good fight. Patten, Oten, and Terry, who but a moment since stood at the head of their respective regiments, are wounded. The brave Hunton, hero of Lees. burg, most worthy successor of the noble Garnett, Stewart, and Gant, lies wounded, Carrington, his gallant regiment shattered, stands firmly, flaunting defiantly his colours in the very face of the enemy. Allen and Ellis killed. Hodges, force on the right Hank, too, has fallen, and the modest, chivalrous Edmunds lies numbered with the noble dead; Aylett wounded, and Ma \ gtwi ., er has gone down in the shock of battle. The fight b:_ l _i_ 7 —but few are left, and the shrinking columns of the v 'uf 'a . Rain Confidence from the heavy reinforcements ad suced to their sup ranks torn and Shank. 'they, too, are moving in largo This division, small a first, with shattered, most of its officers killed or wounded, no valour able to rescue victory from such a gr asp, annihilation or capture inevitable, slowly, reluctantly fell back. It was not given to these few remaining brave men to accomplish human impossibilities. The enemy dared not follow them beyond their works, Such was the fate of the general and regimental officers—longer is the list of junior officers, and still longer the roll of the " unknown dead"—men who endured privations without murmur, hardships difficult to realise till actually experienced with out complaint, with few opportunities of realising any dis tinction which ambition might covet as the reward of meri torious conduct, save a soldier's grave : and yet they bore them all, and willingly would they have submitted to a severer lot in vindication of their country's liberty. The Confederacy can find no reward worthy the noble bearing of its private soldiers. Night now approaches, the wounded are being borne off ambulances to their less many with slight wounds ploddedto t h eir a r l e o s n p g e t i l v e a e v i h n o g s p t i b t a e s fortu nate comrades. With night the battle closed, our army holding the same position from which it had driven the enemy two days previous. One by one the stars came out in the quiet sky, and over that field of carnage hung the sweet influences of the Pleiades. In the series of engage ments a few pieces of artillery and 8,000 prisoners were cap tured by our army. Our loss in killed, wounded, and miss ing supposed about 10,000, whilst the enemy we understand acknowledge a loss of 30,000. The army of Northern Vir ginia, with zeal unabated, courage intrepid, devotion un chilled, with unbounded confidence in the wisdom of that great chieftain who has so of ten led them to victory, stands ready to advance their sta ndards f urther into the enemy's country, Though many or rep any n ew invasion o f th e Confe d eracy. Virginian home will mourn t h e l oss o f some noble spirit, yet, at tho nam e of Pickett's division and the battle of Gettysbu r g , how t he eye will glisten and the bloodits quicker, and the h eart b eat warm , as amongrecalled the na me o f some c h er i s h e d noblecou r s deade qu is one. They bore themselves worthy of their lineage and their state. Who would recall them from their bed of glory? Each sleeps in a hero's grave I—Richmond Enquirer. ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE. WESTERN CIRCUIT.—WELLS, AUG. 11. CIVIL COURT. (Before Mr. Justice Willes.) The following case had given rise to so much excitemen in the city of Bath, that it required all the exertions of the police to protect the pasties from the violence of the mob, as it was considered to be a case similar to that of Bird and his wife, who were tried at Exeter some years since, and which had given rise not only to great litigation and much legal argument before the judges, but eventually to a spe cial Act of Parliament. Alfred Gardiner Wenslay, and Lucy Wenslay his wife, two respectable young persons, dressed in deep mourning, were charged with the manslaughter of Jane Reynolds, a poor orphan 14 years of age, who had been brought up in the workhouse, and when 13 years of age had been placed with Wenslay, a furniture broker in Bath, as a servant,and it was alleged that Wenslay and his wife had treated the poor orphan with such cruelty as to occasion her death. The prisoners were first indicted for manslaughter, but that bill was thrown out by the grand jury. They were then charged upon the coroner's inquisition with manslaughter, but no evidence being offered they were acquitted. The indictments were then severed. Alfred Gardiner Wenslay was indicted for unlawfully as saulting Jane Reynolds, and occasioning actual bodily harm, at Bath, on June 7. Mr. T. W. Saunders and Mr. F. Baily were counsel for the prosecution; and Mr. Collier, Q.C., and Mr. H. T. Cole for the prisoners. According to the statement for the prosecution it appeared that this poor girl, being an orphan in the workhouse, had been placed by the guardians as servant to the prisoner and his wife, two very young persons. After she had been there some time the neighbours heard screams and blows, and they saw bruises on the person of the girl. At length she was removed to the hospital at Bath, where she died of con sumption. The following evidence was adduced : Jane Thaekrell—l live at No. 12, Hampton-row, near Bath. The prisoner lived at No. 11. I knew him and his wife. Jane Reynolds was their only servant ; she was 14. The houses are small. Mr. and Mrs. Perkins lived with me. I was at home on Saturday the 7th of June. About 11 o'clock that night I heard the prisoner speak to Jane Reynolds. I knew his voice. Our kitchens were on a level with a very thin wall between them. I called down Mrs. Perkins. I heard the prisoner say, " D-- your eyes, Jane, I will kill you, and I will do it to-night." I heard blows and screams. Jane was screa m i ng . I cou ld hear plainly what took place. The learned Judge said evidence must be given of other assaults. Mr. Collier and Mr. Cole objected to this ; the moment an assault was proved the indictment was satisfied. The pro secutor was precluded from proving more than one assault. The Judge—lt might be admitted to show the character of the assault—to show it was not within reasonable cor rection. Mr. Cole—ln Bird's case the assaults were charged in different counts. The learned Judge was of opinion the fact of the relation between master and servant gave a character of continuity to the treatment of one by the other, and any treatment within reasonable time was evidence to show the character of the act. Mr. Collier hoped his lordship would reserve a case. The Judge thought not. It was a question of form, and he must take upon himself so much of what had been called legal ignominy as attached to the decision. Examination continued —I have at other times subse quently heard Jane scream on several occasions, but I do not know that the prisoner was present. I heard rows e wh s e before nearly every night , late in the evening. Cross-examined —Th e p risoner had two children, one born e si a n j ce an h e e R ca e m yn e etokills. Thene ises were about eight ek amPtan-row. It has died since the inquest Jane Reynolds died. Mr. Aust, a builder, afterwards called to measure the wall. I did not refuse to allow so. And when Mr . Aust went into the next house I did not call out for him to hear. I have given information to the coroner's clerk -1 had previously told Mr. Bryant. I him ewordsthtoe rd o a told the coroner's clerk what I have told here to-day. A blows t through I ghhavroue the toldw a youllth police-sergeant liv es near me, but I did not tell him. I I heard, and hav e nothing more to say. I did not notice other words. I h eard them talking very loud, but I did not c s o ti u e l k d e h r e t a h r e the ba n d saee could el notice what they said. I could if I had listened. I never spoke to Jane Reynolds or to the prisoner. I did not say to Mrs. Morgan that I would have pushed Mr. Aust out if he had come into my kitchen. Mrs. Mor gan to l d me that Mr. Aust was in NO. 11. I did not tell her I had throw n open my cupboa rd in order that Mr. Aust mi g ht hear . Mary Perkins---Jaue Reynolds was a little, thin • l She did not look at all healthy. I went into g irl . Shethe kitchen on the Saturday night, being called by Mr s . Th ac k re l l. I heard a good deal o f loud talking in the prisoner's kitchen. I knew the prisoner's voice. I heard blows being struck, and I heard him say b e would kill the girl that night . I heard severa l blows, an d then a faint scre am in the girl's It lasted about five minutes. I h ear d other words, but could not tell what th e y were. I saw the g irl the following Tues day. She show ed me bruises on her area _ n and face. I spoke to her, and she then made a complaint. Cross-examined —MY parlour where I live is over the ug kitchen. I did not hear anythin g 1 11 the parl parlour. I don't know what the wall is made of. I au don't think the blows stopped when p a l: e ose r ß ise ath stone. I said he would kill her. I can't positively swe ar I t ear a n n after he said this. The bruise on like er scream a the faceslap from a hand. When Mr. Aust was in the other w house Mrs. Thackrell and I carried on a conversation, sheb • being in the kitchen and being in my _ room.lt did not require us to speak in a loud voice. By the Judge—The mark on the arm was as if done with a stick. Mary Whitemore—l live at No. 7, H t amp on-row. I often saw Jane Reynolds. I have seen marks of violence upon her ; marks with a stick and other weapons mont h s before her death, an d some lser s o long as two Some were on h e r back, the impression of an iron tip on the heel of a man's boot. I saw a lump of a blow on the head with the handle of a carving-knife. She was lame. The Judge said the witness was evidently much preju diced from the answers she had gi • ven. Cross-examined—l saw the mark of the nails of a boot. It was early in June. I told the neighbours what I had seen ; probably every n • eighbour in the row. I may have told all the neighbours. girl was very feeble. Re-examined—Th e Mr. Smith Barker—l am resident medical officer at the Bath Hospital. Jane Reynolds was brought in on the 22d of July ; she was in a consumption, and died in an hour and-a-halt after she came in. Mr. Collier objected to evidence of bruises, which were spoken of as having arisen from blows on the 7th of June. The Judge said there was no evidence bringing down any assault within a month. It was not evidence. By the Judge -_I did not find any bruises referable to any assault a month before. This was the case on the part of the prosecution. Mr. Collier then addressed the jury for the prisoner. It was one of the most painful cases he had ever known, This youth a n d hi s child w if e , w ho had lately been a mother, were br oug h t to these ass i z es to answer a charge of manslaughter. Th e y h a d h ea rd that there was no valid ground for that charge. His friend had said th at there was no reason for suppos i ng th a t these people in th e sli g htest degree conduc e d t owards t h e u nhappy death of this p oor workhouse girl. Sh e di e d o f consumption, a dis ease which deceived every one. N o d o ubt she had the s eeds of con sumption in her when she went into that service, and no doubt was unfit for the performance of her duties, but she did not know, nor did her master and mistress know it. But a popular notion had gone forth in Bath that these young people had been the cause of the girl's death, an impression not unhke:y to have taken possession of men's minds who did not know the circumstances of the case. Every one went about open mouthed—" Oh, she died in consequence of the cruel treatment of her master and Leis. tress." This was a striking illustration of how subject to error was popular feeling. But, happily, in this country, any one charged with au offence' had a right to be tried, and those parties had come to these assizes to take their trial on a charge of manslaughter—that charge, however, had en tirely fallen to the ground, and they were now only charged with an assault. This was a case of most extraordinary exaggeration. The witnesses had said they heard blows. Did they believe that a slap in the face, given by the tiny hand of that young woman, not yet 18, would have been heard through a 6-inch stone wall? The women wit nesses had worked so hard upon their imagination that one of them said that she could trace the marks of the nails of a boot upon the girl's shoulders, It was clear these good women were partisans and had made up their minds to the hearing many things which had not actually occurred. He would give them credit for humanity, but if they had heard all they had stated, would they not have given information to the police ? They would not have been contented with merely chattering to their neighbours. When Mr. Aust, the builder, had gone into the next house, these women had cried out as lcud as they could, and yet Mr. Aust could not hear them when he was in the next house. Masters and mistresses had a right to chastise their servants and apprentices to a certain degree. It was impos sible to call the prisoner or his wife to state the real facts. If this had been a civil action for an assault they *night have been examined ; but in a criminal court, as the law now stood, buz which he hoped would not long remain, a pri. Boner could not be examined. He should, however, give some evidence which, he thought, would alter the case very ma terially. The learned counsel then stated the nature of the evidence he should produce. When the poor girl was upon her deathbed and was told of that fact, in answer to ques tions put to her she stated that she had not been unkindly treated, and to the last she had clung to her mistress and begged not to be taken from her. These young people had just entered upon life; they had borne the highest character for kindness and humanity. He would leave the case in their hands, not without anxiety, but with strong hopes that there had only been that ordinary correction which a master was justified in exercising. He trusted the verdict would dissi pate the popular clamour which had ben raised, 'and that these young people would be returned to their homes with characters perfectly freed from every stain. Mr. Davis—l am the relieving officer of the Bath Board of Guardians, The girl was placed out in 1862. We visit those who are put out twice a year. I saw her last Decem ber. She expressed herself satisfied with her master and mistress. I saw her again in May, and she did not then make any complaint. The learned Judge said if that evidence was admitted he should allow a former witness to be recalled and ask what the girl had told her. Mr. Collier then said he would not proceed with that head of evidence. Mr. Aust, a builder, was recalled—l went to look at these houses. The width of the wall between them is six inches of stone, in addition to mortar. The best first-class houses in Bath have not a greater thickness in the party walls. Words could not be heard from house to house, nor could the sound of blows. It is impossible. Articulate words could not by possibility be heard. Cross -examined—There were no cracks in the wall. I know this house well, because I superintended its building for my brother-in-law. Thos. Isaacs, an architect in Bath, confirmed this testi mony as to the thickness of the wall. He bored two holes through the wall to ascertain it. Could not distinguish any sound when persons were speaking at the top of their voices. Ann Morgan--I saw Mr. Aust at No. 12. Mrs. Thrack rell said he was there to try her wall, and she said she would have pushed him out if he had come into her kitchen. I never heard a word through the wall. Several witnesses were then called to speak to the charac ter of the prisoner. Mr. Saunders having replied, Mr. Justice Wiles summed up. It had been laid down in the old law that a master might use moderate correction to his servant as he would do to his own child, but the reasonableness of that correction must vary according to the usa g e of so ciety. That law had its origin at a time when the government of a master over his servant was of a more paternal character than it was at the present time ; but he must warn persons that if a master used force towards his servant he would be amenable to the law. There was no case in modern times where a master could in anger strike his servant without being liable to be called upon to justify his act. The jury returned a verdict of not guilty. There was a similar indictment against the wife, who was defended by Mr. Prideaux. The learned Judge said ho thought the whole case had been tried out, and he thought the other indictment ought not to be proceeded with, because both cases depend upon the same evidence. Mr Saunders not acceding to this, Mr. Justice Willes said he should consult the Chief Justice; and, having done so, his Lordship said he thought it would be a waste of judicial force—it would be breaking a fly upon a wheel to proceed further. No evidence being offered, the female prisoner was ac quitted. Mr. Justice Willes said he would not say that he con curred in the verdict the jury had given. It must be a satisfaction to find that no person, however humble, could be illtreated without justice being done them. OXFORD CIRCUIT.—GLOUCESTER, AUG, 12. CROWN COURT. (Before Mr. Justice Byles.) Thomas Adams and Henry James Phillips wore indicted for feloniously assaulting and beating Joseph William King, and stealing £2 Bs. and a chain and watch from his person at Bristol on July 20. Mr. Cooke was for the prosecution. The prisoners were not defended by counsel. Theprosecutor was walking down St. John-street, Bristol, near St. John's-arch, on Monday night, the 20th of July, between 11 and 12 o'clock, and was about 20 yards from a gas-lamp, when two men attacked him from behind. One got on his back and squeezed his throat under his chin by forcing his knuckles against his throat, and when he cried out the other sprang forward and hit him in the bowels. One of them searched his pocket and took out Bs. in money, and took away his chain. The watch and lockets were picked up by the police afterwards at the place where the attack had taken place. The only question in the case was as to the identity of the prisoners. The prosecutor had no opportunity of seeing their faces, but he took notice of their backs ; and he pursued Adams for some distance, and when he had stopped at the corner of a lane a policeman came up, who had just met Adams running away. The jury found Adams guilty, but Phillips not guilty. The same prisoners were then indicted for robbing John Harding, at Bristol, on the 25th of July. Mr. Cooke was for the prosecution. The prosecutor was walking up West-street, a little after nine o'clock at night, on Saturday, the 25th of July, when Adams came up to him and took him by the waistcoat, and would not let him pass. Adams then slipped on one side ; the prosecutor turned round, and Phillips then seized him round the waist. The prosecutor was enabled to see his face, and identified him by his sharp nose. They then left him, and he found his watch was gone and his guard hang ing loose. Phillips was further identified by a witness named Williams. The jury found both prisoners guilty. A previous conviction was proved against Phillips. The learned Judge postponed the passing of the sentence. NORTHERN CIRCUIT.—LtvEnrooL, Aug. 12. CROWN COURT. (Before Mr. Justice Blackburn.) Alexander Fletcher, aged 20, by trade a journeyman joiner, was indicted for having, at Manchester, on the 3d of April (Good Friday), feloniously killed and slain one Thomas Shaw. Mr. Pope appeared for the prosecution ; Mr. Torr was for the defence. The case for the prosecution was that the deceased was a hairdresser, and lived in Rochdale-road, Manchester. On the evening of Good Friday he was with a friend named Curran at the Bellevue-gardens, and between 9 and 10 o'clock was dancing with his companion and two women, when three or four men, of whom the prisoner was one, jostled against them. Deceased requested the men to desist from their annoyance, but they said they would do as they pleased. Deceased then asked one of them whether they came from Oldham, as he thought so, " they appearing so uncultivated." The question annoyed the men, and there-. upon a scuffle took place, deceased's friend being struck, and deceased himself joining in the melee, striking some of the offending party " right and left." He was assaulted, and stabbed both at the back of the head and in the side. He was taken to the Royal Infirmary at Manchester, where he died on the 10th of June. On the 19th of April, as the deceased was in a dangerous state, Mr. Trafford, the stipendiary magis trate for the division, was sent for to the infirmary, and the deceased then made a statement, which was placed by Mr. Trafford in writing. On the 22d April, having told the pri soner the charge on which he was apprehended, that of stab - bing Shaw, Mr. Trafford caused him to be taken to the infir mary, where, at the bedside of Shaw, in prisoner's presence, the deposition taken on the 19th was read over by Mr. Traf ford. Shaw then swore positively to the prisoner as the man who stabbed him, identifying him as being tall, round shouldered, and without beard. He admitted that he struck the prisoner twice before the latter stabbed him. Witnesses were called who deposed to the prisoner having been one of the party who joined in the assault upon deceased and his companion near the orchestra, in the gardens. Prisoner had several times during the period of his confinement ad mitted having been in the gardens, but denied stabbing de ceased. A brother of his and several other witnesses were called for the defence, who denied that the prisoner was dancing at the time, or taking any part in the disturbance, and declared that he was not near the deceased when the latter was stabbed. The prisoner, who was in respectable employment, had hitherto borne a good character. A lengthened trial of the case resulted in the jury re turning a verdict of not guilty. John Raynor, a respectable-looking middle-aged man, the assistant-overseer of the township of Chatterton, was in dicted for embezzling three several sums of £1 Bs. 6d., £4 75., and £2 145., the property of his masters, the overseers of the township. Mr. Higgin prosecuted, and Mr. Pope defended the pri soner. The prisoner, it appeared, filled the office of collector of poor rates of his township, and in fulfilling its duties it ap. peered that he had received the several sums ef money set out in the indictment, from different ratepayers, and h a d not accounted for the same in the books of the township, or It appeared from the paid them over to the overseers, cross-examination of the learned counsel, and from the in vestigation Into the books made in court, that the accounts of the township had been very loosely and inaccurately kept, and there was some ground for the defence set up by the learned counsel for the prisoner, that the charge had originated from mistakes, arising from the inaccurate way in which the books were kept. His Lordship having summed up the evidence, The jury, after a short consultation, acquitted the pri soner. A second charge of embezzling three further sums from the overseers was then proceeded with,and was followed by the same result, the jury coupling with their verdict of not guilty a strong condemnation of the manner in which the books were kept. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—When two neighbours fall out with one another, they are sometimes more angry with those who hold altogether aloof than with partisans. They may find excuses for partisanship, such as old connections, family ties, or a great similarity of tastes, but they can find no excuse for the unfeel ing, or cowardly, or selfish bystanders who witness unmoved what they think the perpetration of a great wrong. That is the true source of the bitter feeling betrayed by the Federals to this country. They found very early that we had made up our minds to regard the Confederate 3, not as a handful of rebels, but as a belligerent Power, and that we were taking the utmost pains to ascertain the duties of a rigid neutrality. Even two years ago they were endeavouring to shake us from this neu trality, sometimes representing it as partnership in rebellion, sometimes spreading rumours that we had refused to recognise the blockade of the Southern ports, and were even about to break it by force. This was at the very time when, so far from charging us with fitting out ships against them, the Government was in communication with the correspondent of an English shipbuilder to supply them with steam batteries and gunboats. It is im possible, indeed, to say how far back this suspicion of England showed itself. When the Americans found their immense empire crumbling to pieces, like Alexander's conquests, it immediately occurred to them what an immense relief this must be to England, and how her rulers would breathe more freely. What they bad felt or intended towards her indicated too truly some of the reflections which the separation of the States was likely to suggest on this side. For a long time American pride would not even swallow our decisio❑ that, be the Confede rates rebels or not, we could only regard them as belligerents. The war once fairly begun, with all its wonderful episodes, its startling reverses, its unexpected display of energy and resources on both sides, and its opening speculations as to the final re sult, it was impossible but that Europeans, espe cially Englishmen, should have their personal sym pat hies with one side or the other. There is no denying that the great majority of Englishmen, of anything like position or education, seeing a large and compact Confederacy bent upon independence wished them success. There can be nn crime or just offence in a wish so perfectly in accordance with all our history and institutions. We have wished success 'to every properly qualified combi- nation for independence since the grand modern in stance of the American colonies taught even our Tories, and our obstinate Tory King, that the attempt was not a crime. The Americans them selves must be aware, too, that for many years the tone of their Government has been aggressive and insolent. It advanced claims, made interpretations, and laid down doctrines which palpably assumed the stronger hand. It weighted the scales of justice with a continent of earth ; it adjudicated with thirty millions, soon to be a hundred millions, on the bench ; and was ever ready to cut with the sword any knot of diplomacy and criticism. On the contrary all the instincts of this country have been in favour of peace and quiet for many a long year, especially with our own kindred. As a father or a brother foregoes somewhat of his right, and even of proper respect, we tolerated from the Americans what we should have tolerated from no other country. The Americans saw this, and acted accordingly. What wonder,then, they thought, that all England should feel an incubus off its breast when it saw North America following the example of the old colonies, and breaking into separate communities ? Fifty years ago, the horror that possessed us all, and drove us to efforts that taxed our whole strength and burdened future generations, was the prospect of a Federal Europe. Why should we be expected not only to accept but even to sympathise with a Federal America P The Americans are perfectly aware of the liberty of speech and the supremacy of law which put the British subject in a different position from all other Europeans. They are aware that every complaint by a foreign Power, however natural, and even reasonable, must be referred to our Courts, and that England will always stand by their decision. They must be aware that the de cisions of our Courts have shaken our Kings on their thrones, and that a Government had better resign at once to avoid a worse fate, and a Sove reign had better abdicate, than overrule a verdict or command a judgment. The thing is simply im possible here. Nor are we able to extend to any foreign Power greater favour than to our own rulers. If persons residing under the protection of English law libel a foreign potentate, or plot to assassinate him, or maltreat one of his officers in our streets, there is no resource but to refer the whole matter to our Courts and abide by their de cision. So, also, if English speakers and writers, having taken a side, choose to run riot with their tongues and betray all the vices of 'excessive par tisanship, that is entirely their own aflair—there is nobody who can stop them in this country—and if their excesses are to be made a casus bells, then it is in the power of any humourist, any orator, how ever unimportant, to plunge this country into war. Over and over again, when we have simply quoted, as matter of news, the rabid abuse and truculent speculations of this or that New York journal, we have been assured in reply that we at tached far too much importance to expressions which represent only the opinions of the writer and a re stricted class of men agreeing with him. Certainly no Cabinet at Washington would have listened for a moment to a formal complaint that a widely cir culated American journal had avowed its sympathy with Irish rebellion, had exulted over our difficulties in the Crimea, had gloated over the expulsion of f c 'r o o m m m H e c n i d a o l sstya system a m n d b y h a t d h e anticipated the ruintho f British our block ade. Had such a complaint ever been made, the reply would have been that words must be answered by words, and that Governments had nothing to do with the improprieties of irresponsible men. So far as we are concerned, we really have no choice but to give the same advice. No one expected that the war would attain its present magnitude and lead to the mutual infliction of such terrible injuries. As the tide of success seems for the moment to have turned in favour of the North, while the South is not a bit more likely to give in, we may now con template the time when the South may offer the simplest form of resistance to the North, such as that which the Circassians offer to Russia, or that which Spain and Portugal offered to Napoleon. The time may come when the Federal Government, with no other inconvenience than a heavy drain upon its re sources and the maintenance of establishments no longer contrary to the national taste, will be " peg ging away" at the Confederate States, blockading, annoying, devastating, burning, occasionally hang ing, making no real progress far years and years, but only incurring infinite disgrace and moral de basement. That is the prospect before us, on rather a favourable supposition. What, then, does friendship, what does common sense, suggest in such a case ? It we wished ever so well to the Federals, ever so ill to the Confederates, we could not urge the former still to hope against hope for the restoration of their lost ideal. They will not restore it, and the attempt will cost far more than it has cost already; for, if they persist, they will find their provocations, their crimes, and their moral corruption increase in the ratio of their physical superiority. A savage temper be tween equals is bad enough, but it is humanity itself compared with the barbarity of the strong when the weaker object of their vengeance rises under their feet. It is, indeed, impossible to lay down the future map of Amsrica. The Federals may think anything better than the narrow strip of a federation that would be left between Virginia and Lake Erie. Instead of stretching from pole to pole, and including a hemisphere, the " United States" would be nipped to the breadth of the single State of Pennsylvania. That seems a very small basis for the holding of so vast an interior. We see the difficulty, and wish, indeed, that the Conti nent could be divided more conveniently for the different centres of empire. But Continents are not divided in a day. It has taken 2,000 years to dis tribute Europe to the satisfaction , of its settlers, and the division is not completed. There are some minor arrangements in Italy and Central Europe still open to consideration. Neither will the map of North America be finished in a day. The Monroe Doctrine was meant to prevent that process being interrupted by intruders. We neither acquiesced in that doc trine, nor yet protested against it. But it does not seem to stand. There are other difficulties also. I n fact, the work is still to be done, and it certainl y will not be forwarded by the attempt of half the United States to depopulate the other half. POST.—The day before yesterday a g entleman r ran t named Alfred Styles was b rou g ht be fore one of the d metropolitan magistrates, by virtue of a w arrant issued for his apprehe nsion, an d charged with having endeavoured , ,ghte prosecution o procure certain w as persons enlist as soldiers" for service in Poland against the l Emperor of Russia. The to e by agents of the Russian Government resident in London. The evide nce in. support of the charge was to the following effect :—A n advertisement appeared in the columns of the Daily Telegraph st a ting in rather ambiguon. ' terms that an engage ment was open for several y oung men to proceed. abroad, and directing that al. , plication should be made by letter only to an ath. 'ress in the City. Two persons, one of whom was a . •choolmaster out of employment, and the other a brass finisher, answered this advertisement, and in rt. 'Ply re ceived. circulars dated from an of f ice in Buckin ' ,ham -street, Strand, invi:ing them to join a regiment of for volun" g being raised in this country ser teers which was vice in Pola n c, i i i aid of the insurgents. 'The cir culars were signed "Lieutenant A. Styles Garibaldian Army)." ,The persons above referred an4 l , if their evidence to, and who app e a re d a s witnesses for the prosecu tion, having called at the office in Buckingham street,saw the defendant there,(late is to be believed, he endeavoured to porsuade them to join a corps then in course of Or mation, and. v iLich would speedily be despatched to Poland at the euense of the National Government. The quondam schoolmaster admitted that he had been ~ i n c ommueication with the Russian Cons ul," and the brass finisher acknowledged that before a.nswer ing the advertisement " he had written to the Rus sian Ambassador, and had seen the Consul and Solicitor of the Russian Government." After the examination of these witnesses a remand was ap plied for and granted, the defendant having been liberated on substantial bail. Now, if the law ham been violated, it is just and proper that those who infringe it should be called to an accc , unt and pun ished. There are, however, some features about this prosecution which call for remark i r respective of the guilt or innocence of the accuset.l. Mr. Poland, who appeared for the Russian anthOritieso stated that, "as it was important to lose no time-- the time which would be necessarily employed in making inquiries and procuring evidence—if the case were left to the Government, the Russian authorities had resolved to take action at once, mid apply for a warrant against the defendant." Now this is a confession which to our mind is as start- ling as it is candid. The Lord Chief Baron, when. speaking of the general purpose of the Foreign En— listment Act, said that its object was not to protect foreign Powers, but to prevent breach es of the peace within our own dominions. In respe,et to the equipment of ships, he explained that it w.%8 pro hibited in order to avoid the possibility of colli sion in a British port or in British waters between two vessels, equipped, perhaps, in the same docks for the service of rival belligerents. And apply ing the same train of reasoning to another section of the same act, he would doubtless have said that the enlistment of British subjects for the service of a foreign State is prohibited, lest, mayhap, two leaders of men enrolled for the service of cppostd belligerents in the same town might come to blows before they had left the kingdom. In the case of the Alexandra the Government of the United States had no locus standi, because they had no grievance of which to complain. And in like manner, even assuming that Mr. Styles was endeavouring to enlist men for service against Russia, the Russian authorities are not entitled to prosecute them. The Foreign Enlistment Act is a measure which solely regards the British Crown and the British people. The agents of the Russian Government in London applied for and obtained a warrant fer the appre hension of a British subject on evidence which their counsel by implication admits would not have satis fied the Home Government. Mr. Adams would have gladly seized the Alabama, but he could not do so without the intervention of the Foreign Secretary, and the evidence which satisfied the former was rejected as insufficient by the law officers of the Crown. The arrest of a subject is, however, it would appear, of less importance than the detention of a ship. The real reason why the Russian and not the Home authorities have acted in this matter, though not stated by Mr. Poland, appears tolerably evident from the admissions of their witnesses. The Forei gn S ecre t ar y would not employ spies to discover the meaning of an am biguous advertisement. The Russian authorities in London are less scrupulous. At all events, the matter is one with which neither the Russian Am bassador nor Consul have any concern, and, unless the Home Government think proper to interpose, the prosecution should fall to the ground. COUNTRY MARKETS. NEWARK.--WEDNESDAY. Harvest work is general, and wheat will be a heavy crop, the samples being of fine quality. Oats are also very satis factory. Beans and barley vary, the long dry time having to some extent injured them, particularly beans ; but it is expected that the yield will not be amiss. White wheat new, 46s to 52s Barley,'grinding.. 30s to 3 35 Red do. 44s to 49s Oats, old, .. 27s to 304 Old white 45, to 51s New do 22s to 265 Red do. 44s to 49s Beans. —s to —5 Barley, malting...„—s to —s 1 Beans, new 37s to 415 HULL-TUESDAY. The wheat trade, under the influence of the fine weather has been quiet. At to-day's corn market there was a small supply of English wheat, which sold slowly at scarcely so much money as last week. Foreign was quite neglected. Grinding barley was scarce, and made Wily last week's prices. Beans and peas sold at about late rates. Oats dull, and prices in favour of buyers. The harvest is now in full operation, and promises to give satisfaction. Wheat.... Old white per qr. 47s Od to 50s Od Old red Nev white .. ~ New red .... Grinding 26s 6d to 288 Od Saal and Oderbruck Holstein and Danish 3os Od t 0,318 Od Grinding 2Bs Od to 31s Od Oats English, old 26s Od to 28s Od Archangel and Riga, per st OBl2O to 13d Friesland and Dutch oBl3d to 08131 d Swedish and Danish 06120 to 0813(1 Beans ....English, old, per qr. 43s Od to 45s 0(1 New pigeon 42s Od to 4is Od New tick. 4os Od to 42s Od Egyptian Peas ..Foreign boilers .. . Grinding Tares ....Spring —s Od to —s Od Indian Corn Linseed, feeding crushing •• 4os Od to 52s Od Linseed cakes (Hull) £lo 0 oto £0 0 0 Foreign Bl5 oto 9 0 0 Rape cakes 5 0 oto 615 0 Bones 5 5 oto 510 0 LYNN-TUESDAY. At to-day's market there was a scanty supply of wheat and all descriptions sold at fully last week's currency. Several new samples of very fine quality (weighing from 631 b to 641 b per bushel) made from 50s to 52s per quarter. Spring corn nominal. White 48s to 52s j Barley . . —s to ---S RA .. 44s to 46s I Grinding .. 30s to 32s Beans .3Bs to 40s I Oats .22s to 26s New —s to s I Peas —s to --s COAL r Frioeo of Coal per Ton a ARKET. the close of the market. 8. d. Bates'sWest Hartley..ls 6 Byass's Bebside West Hartley . ...17 3 Carway and Duffryn Malting ... 12 0 Walker Primrose 12 9 Tanfield Moor l2 6 Tanfield Moor Butee 12 6 Davison's West Hart- s. cl. Holywell .... West Wylam . ..16 0 North Pelton Ga 5..... 13 3 Eden Main 16 0 ley.. l7 3 Lambert's West Hart ley 17 0 Hastings Hartley l7 3 Ships at market Walls End. Braddyll's Hetton 16 9 Harton 15 9 Haswell lB 0 Hetton lB 0 Stewart's 18 0 Tunstall 106 ; sold, 78• Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Horniman's pure Tea; very choice at 3s. 4d. and 4s. " High Standard "at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every town supply it in packets. Births. FARMER.—On tho 10th inst., at 32, Curzon-street, May fair, Mrs. Farmer, of Nonsuch-park, Surrey, of a daughter. FRERE.—On the 12th inst., at 45, Bedford-square, Mrs. Bartle J. L. From, of a daughter. KILDARE.—On the 9th inst., at Carton, the Marchioness of Kildare, of a son. WAnms.N.—Onthe 6th inst., a t L ausanne Switzerland, the wife of Captain Arthur J. P . Wadman:lst King's Dra goon Guards, of a son. Marriages. ASTLEY—DIXIE.--On the 6th inst., at Market Bosworth, the Rev. Benjamin B. G. Astley, to Maria Catherine, the eldest daughter of Sir A. and Lady Dixie, of Bos worth-park. YOUNG—TourmiN.—On the 11th inst., at St. Alban's, Sir Charles Lawrence Young, Bart., of the Inner Temple, to Mary Lawrence, youngest daughter of Henry Heyman Toulmin, Esq., of Childwickbury, Herts. Deaths. ATTON.— On the Bth inst., at Kenilworth, George Ayton, Esq., aged 41. DUFF. —On the 10th inst., suddenly, Mr. Robert Duff, of the firm of Jas. Duff and Son, 24, Castle-street, Hounds, ditch, London, aged 42. LANGMORE.—On the 2d inst., at Bath, John Langmore, Esq., aged 94. LUMB.—On the 11th inst., at 3, Residentiary Houses, Lon. don, John Lamb, Esq., aged 63. SHEprEE.—On the Bth inst., at Lee, Bent, Francis Shep. pee, Esq., of Bedford, aged 70. TURNER.—On the 11th inst., at Staplegrove, Somerset, Abraham Turner, Esq., aged 5 1 . WISE.—On the 10th inst., at Bembridge House, Hyde, Edward Wise, E sq ., aged 77. WHlTmonn. On the 10th inst., at Danesford, Shropshire, Sophia, fifth daughter of the late Wm. Whitmore, Esq., of Dudmaston, aged 78. London : Printed and Published byWILLIAIII ANDREWS of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TnE Suri Office No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County 01 Middlesex..—Thurslay, August 13, 1863,