The Sun. — London, England, 1863-07-09 00:00:00

THE CIVIL WAIL IN AMERICA. (From the Timex' Correspondent.) NEW YORK, June 26. The objects of General Lee, in his advance into Maryland and Pennsylvania, are admitted by nearly every one, except a few philosophical optimists and Government contractors, to be nothing less than the capture of Washington. Mr. Lincoln and his Cabinet, RS well as Gen. Hooker, share this opinion. Were Lee in command of the Federal and Hooker of the Confederate army, Washington would be considered safe. But with these generals where they are, there is scarcely any person, who devotes the least atten tion to the subject, who is 'not of opinion thatWash in g ton is in imminent peril. The strange part of the business, so far as the public feeling of this great city is concerned, is that there is a very wide spread and earnest wish that Lee may be successful. There has been a great revulsion of sentiment among all classes. The belief that the present administration has neither brains nor honesty, and is incompetent to conduct the war; that it cannot conquer the South; that the South will indubitably achieve indepen dence ; and that it is better for all parties that it should do so without further bloodshed—has spread rapidly down from the upper into the lower strata of the people ; or perhaps it should be said that it bas spread from the lower strata of the working classes upwards, until it has permeated the whole mass of society, except the contractors, the preachers, and the newspaper editors, It is openly expressed in the ferry boats and the omnibuses. It is discussed in hotel lobbies and reading-rooms. It is the per- vading gossip of the few exclusive clubs of an " un clubbable" community. It is a common subject o remark when friends or acquaintances meet in the streets. It is the staple topic of conversation in private society, and appears to be so deeply rooted and so universally diffused as to have hushed the blatant trumpeters of war, and wedded the conflict ing passions, interests, and convictions of a great people into the homogenity of one weary, disgusted, and all but indignant prayer for " Peace." Mr. Lincoln's proclamation of emancipation was the first administrative act that drove the Northern people to admit the hopeless immensity of the struggle in which they were involved. When that direct pro vocative to servile war was followed by such acts of suicidal folly as the arrest of Mr. Vailandigham by Gen. Burnside, and his banishment by Mr. Lin coln, and the blundering oppression and illegality manifested in a thousand ways by such petty des pots i n shoulder -straps as Gens. Schenck, Haa rise scoll, and Milroy ; all o f them s imultaneous with of 50 per cent. in the provisione and the dread of a compulsory conscription, the opinion of the majority of the hardworking, struggling, striving, and sensi ble people seems to have gone right over to the cause of the South. The change is palpable and glaring. He who runs may read. There is no mis taking it. Even the New York newspapers, which, with few exceptions, live in a little world of their o wn, while they misrepresent the great world which they do not see, begin to have a glimmering notion that the sentiment of the masses has undergone a change, and to wake up, though slowly, to an ap preciation of the new set of circumstances that has taken possession of men's minds. This week the change is much more obvious than it W2S ten days ago when the first rumours of Lee's advance into Pennsylvania were made public. At that time the alarm of Governor Curtin excited a genuine, though not a very large amount of sympathy; and troops of militiamen were despatched by the Governor of New York and New Jersey to his aid with an alacrity which might have put to shame the autherities'of - Washington, and which certainly proved the • Auperiority of the State organization over those of the Federel Government. This week all is changed. If Pennsylvania re quires strong arms to repel the invaders of her soil, she must find them among her own citizens, or consent to bear the penalty of her pusillanimity or apathy. New York will send her no more men. The Governor of New Jersey, instead of affording any additional aid, has recilled the regiments he first despatched, having no authority (according to the constitution, binding within the State, and limiting its external action) to extirpate his citizens for the relief of any neigh bouring commonwealth for a single day longer than such citizens choose to be absent from their homes. Meanwhile Pennsy:vania talees things in a peculiarly Candidian manner. Her citizens laugh at the fears of Governor Curtin ; and instead of welcoming the militiamen of New York and New Jersey as friends and brothers—rob them in the most shameless man ner in the prices of every article they require, treat ing them, in fact, as if they were alien enemies to be fleeced and mulcted to the utmost verge of cupi dity on the one side and of endurance on the other. In every part of the country the war mania seems to have subsided. The chill has succeded the fever. New England, which spoke so lustily, with a voice like Chanticleer in a summer morning, of 900,000 volunteers which she would send from her teeming homesteads and proselytising churches to support the policy of emancipation, has not sent a man to the relief of Pennsylvania. New York is chivalrous but prudent, and does for her own dignity what she re fuses to do for President Lincoln, while the North- West organises her young men in secret societies to resist compulsory aid to a war which the common sense of the majority has long since ceased to approve. Such is the situation. Gen. Lee is thundering at the gates of the Capitol—or may not only thunder at, but batter them down ; and the people, so far from being very much alarmed, or very indignantly pa triotic, rather approves than condemns the Confe derate chief, and wishes that he were President instead of Mr. Lincoln, to settle a difficulty which it is out of Mr. Lincoln's reach even to appreciate. In fact, the Federal Government seems to be tumbling and crumbling like perdition. In this crisis of the fate of the Republie it is in structive to note how prescient its early statesmen were in predicting what has happened, and how right up to the attack on Fort Sumter in 1861 were all the advanced intellects of the time in advocating a peaceable separation. The disruption of the Union is no new idea. Washington himself foresaw it, and in the touching legacy of his last words to the American people he solemnly warned them of the dangers that were visible to his prophetic eye, though unseen by his careless contemporaries. Jef ferson, too, clearly saw what was coming, and in endeavouring to maximise the rights of the Sove reign States of the Union, and to minimise the power and action of the Federal Government, did his best to preserve the empire which Washington had founded, but which Washington's principles were impotent to conserve. In the year 1839 John Quincey Adams prefigured the true policy of the North in the circumstances which have since arisen, He measured the gulf which climate, slavery, and antagonistic commercial interests would place be tween North and South, and deprecated the sword as the arbiter of the difference. "The link of Union between these States," he said, "is not in the right, but in the heart. . . . If the day should come—may Heaven avert it !—when the affections of the people in these States shall be alienated from each other—when the fraternal feelings shall give way to cold indifference, or collisions of interest shall fester into hatred, the bonds of political association will not long hold together parties no longer attracted by the magnetism of conciliated interests and friendly sympathies; and far better will it be for the people of the disunited States to part in friendship from each other than to be held together by restraint. Then will be the time for reverting to the prece dents which occurred at the formation of the adop tion of the Constitution, to form again a more per fect Union by dissolving that which could no longer bind, and to leave the separate parts to be united by the law of political gravitation to the centre This was the true philosophy. This was the lan guage of Mr. Seward in 1848 ; this was the language of Mr. Lincoln, when he ascended the chair: this was the language of every man who had an idea in his head when Mr. Lincoln was unhappily elected ; this was the language of Mr. Edward Everett, who now preaches war "to the bitter end ;" and this, too, was the language of the honestest politician in America, Mr. Horace Greeley. To this faith, after the sad disallusions of the last eighteen months, Mr, Lincoln, Mr. Seward, Mr. Everett, Mr. Greeley, a " a host of smaller men, are rapidly returning, like Prodigal sons who have seen the errors of their ways 414 come home repenting. Peace is in all men's minds (those of the contractors, jobbers, and war-Christians excepted) and if General Lee have half the success which friends as well as es pre dict, he can extort it before many weelee and give the American people the anniversary c f another successful rebellion to celebrate, in a idi.ion to that Fourth of July which has hitherto held their un divided affection. But, pending the clash of arms which his mere existence has excited, "the irrepressible negro" rules the hour. The instinct, the sentiment, the pride, or the prejudice of race and colour—whichever of these terms may be the most suitable to express the repugnance which the great mass of white men entertain for a too close and intimate personal con nexion with the black, except in that of the strict subordination of slavery—continually asserts itself. In Federal America the negro is rot a chattel, but ho is an outcast from all sympathy, except that of the pulpit and of the sentimental tea-table, which never admits him personally to its charmed circle. Negroes must not be clerks in counting-houses , banks, law-offices, railroads, or public companies ; they must not serve as shopmen and assistants at the linendraper's, the mercer's, or the dry goods stores ; they must not disp ens e medicines at the chemist's, or groceries at the grocer' s ; they must not act as policemen. If any carpenter, machinist, . ng smith, engineer, or other skilledartificeremlo many hands presumes to add those of a negroptrthe s number, the white hands im o m m ed e ia o t t e h ly er ssthriep ke o w r o f r a k e. , and betake themselv es to tory where the " boss" unwisewillnotthbeedsiognityof their asto com mit such an outrage on negro an o fc t e onliftmore ehaantdr atrocious o a u n s g e t r h against mancaowlohuirt.eFora is s w hite man can by any possibility commit against a negro; and, wor st case of all, for a negro to assault a w hite woman indecently is a crime that can only be expiated by the blood of the offender—a crime so flagrant and detestable that ordinary law is con sidered to be too merciful to deal with it, and the slow course of justice (fast enough for a white man's crime) is found to be inadequate to keep pace with the burning desire of revenge that takes possession of the white bosom. A case in point has just occurred in the pleasant town of Newburgh, on the Hudson River, about 60 miles from New York. A stalwart negro, accused of violating the person of an Irish girl, was, on her testimony, arrested and thrown into prison on Saturday night last to await his trial. Newburgh, like any other town, city, and village in America, swarms with Irish people. The story of the outrage spread rapidly among them. On Sunday morning they gathered in angry groups at the corners of the streets to discuss it. The priest, fearing mischief, hastened out to pacify his congregation, but his re monstrances and admonitions were in vain. The cry of vengeance was raised ; and, without plan or leaders, a furious mob of 1,500 persons rushed to the gaol, broke it open, took out the unhappy criminal, knocked him down, spat upon him, kicked him, buffeted him, stoned him, trod upon him, and, when nearly dead, carried him off to the nearest tree and hung him, standing by till they were quite cer tain that he was dead, and that ail attempts to cut him down and restore animation would be useless. They then sot fire to the extemporised gallows which bore his lifeless body ; but a violent rain soon com ing on the wood would not burn, and they retired, leaving a colplo of policemen to take charge of the remains. The Tribune, the friend and apostle of the negro race, in denouncing this lawless act, de clares " that white men have repeatedly committed the same outrage in worse circumstances, and the law - has been allowed to take its course," adding, what it has no right to assume, " that every man in the mob would be ready to commit the very crime which they made the pretext for putting the negro to cruel death." The Tribune allows its xoal to warp its judgment. It looks upon rape as a great crime, whether attempted by a black man or a white, but the mob whom it unjustly accuses of a predilection for that particular form of wickedness is of a d . ffe rent opinion, and considers that it is infinitely more hideous if committed by a black upon a white. The Tribune fiercely demands justice, and declares that " every scoundrel who shared in the cowardly out rage is beyond question guilty of murder, and ought to to be hung. No doubt the Tribune is perfectly right in considering these men murderers. But it reasons in vain when it demands their punishment. Public opinion is stronger than law. The case is not one for argument. Were every man of the Newburgh rioters to be hung, as the Tribune recommends, to appease the manes of the negro ravisher, and to vin dicate the insulted majesty of the law, their punish ment would only bring the law into disfavour and contempt, and would by no means operate as an ex ample. If a negro in any other part of the Union were to perpetrate the same crime upon a white girl, the probabilities are that the same scene would be re-enacted, though all the pulpits and presses of the land were to teem with dissuasion. Europeans, who seldom see a negro, are slow to understand this prejudice, but that it is largely prevalent in America is a feet no one who knows anything of the country or the people will dispute. Unnfortunately, too, the war has had the effect of strengthening it. The working classes believe that if there had been no negroes in the country there would have been no war, and speak of them with a growing vindictive ness that augurs ill for that unhappy race—most unhappy in those portions of the country where humanity and philosophy, in accordance with re ligion, have declared that they shall be free. They do not altogether agree with Mr. Lincoln and the Postmaster-General—that the negroes ought to be expelled from American soil ; but they assert that all coloured people ought to be banished to the South to take their chances there, and even to be enslaved if the Southern planters or others should think fit. This may be a very deplorable state of things, but it not only exists, but is increasing. Although this antipathy is strongest among the Irish, it is not confined to them. It pervades all classes of the American people—the Germans, perhaps, less than any other—and is far too powerful for law to seeddle with. Under such circumstances it will not be considered extraordinary that the reports of the excesses committed by the negro troops in Georgia and South Carolina, under the leadership of the in famous Col. Montgomery, have excited a storm of indignation in every part of the North, and have compelled even the Tribune to visit hCoowl.evilelro,nats reprobation, dveeur denunciations mild, ia ti ons which it e g o o m m p e a ry re v a gi w th it i h ts t hurls against the heads of the Newburgh rioters. "The sack and plunder of unresisting towns," says that - journal, " is not in ordinary circumstances a le gitimate military operation. There may be a rea son for the licence which Col. Mont g omer y allo ws his troops ; but if there be on e, it ou g ht to be made public, that his reputation and that of the national cause be not sullied by the disgrace which such acts unexplained b r in g u pon them." The Tribune's own correspond ent at Hil ton H e ad describes the scene of plunder a n d destruction without man ifestin g dis approval. H e adm i ts t h at C o l. Montgomery, on landing at Darien, formerly a town of 2,000 people, found not a single armed inhabitant to dispute his entry ; and states that he carried off every article that he Gould make room for on board of his boats, and that what he could not carry away he destroyed. This done, he set fire to the town, and remained with his negroes gloating over the mischief, until he wss assured that the destruction was complete, and that not one habitable tenement was left stand ing in the place. The correspondent winds up his description by stating that " these bold, rapid, and successful e xpeditions of Col. Montgomery aro spreading terror throu g hout the e ntire coast, and are compelling the re bels to abandon their rice and cotton would fibeeldas,t alland all the to be visit e d b y him.e smaller villag es w hi ch The Tribune is indulgent to a man of its own faith, but Colonel Montgomery is too stron g for the stomach of the American people. He cannot re main where he is without damage to the health of the body politic. His warmest adherents either disavow or seek an opportunity to drop him ; and as he is a man without political influence, without hold upon the ropes or wires that place and displace functionaries in this country, the chances are that Georgia will be relieved of his presence, and that if he be not disgraced, which is scarcely probable, since he is an Abolitionist, he will be transferred to some new scene of activity, where he may serve the Government without disgracing it. THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 9, 1863. MURDER OF A CHILD AT ISLINGTON. A shabbily-attired young fellow, between 17 and 18 years of age, who gave the name of William Henry Clarke, and who described himself as a light porter, residing at 31, Lever-street, Goswell-street, St. Luke's, was brought up at the Clerkenwell Police-court yesterday, in the custody of Inspector Wm. Wiseman, of the N division, charged on sus picion of murdering a girl, aged eight years, named the ed ur Eliza beth eery Hunter, on or about Marc h 30, 1862, a grounds, William-street, pari sh of St, Mary, Islington. The avenues of the court were densely a n with great diffi cu lty that persons could g the recollection of the p ublic that last year the Governmentcertow in.d ed It, and will i be t was with s offered a reward of £lOO for the apprehension of a man who stole a child, named Elizabeth Hunter, from the bottom of a t about 1 G r eenma n' o s o -1 , ectlnoec, Islington, . A lthoug h o e n v e S r u y n e d ff a o y r n t i w g a h s t , made llla r c b h y 3 t h O, O police, a nd advertisements were circulated over the countr y , no trace could be found of the child. On Monday, from what came to the knowledge of Inspector Wiseman, he, along with some constables, went to a nursery in William street, New North-road, kept by a person of the name of Rowe, and, after searching and digging about the green house, found in a hole the remains of the body of a child. The body was covered with about three inches of soil, and had been covered with quick lime, and was very nearly de stroyed. Mr. Billinghurst, the divisional surgeon, was sent for, and, as far as could be ascertained from a cursory inves tigation, the body was presumed to be that of a female child, whilst the hair and the boots that were found along with the remains of the body, as well as several pieces of wearing ap parel, pointed strongly to the suspicion that it was the body of Elizabeth Hunter, who had been stolen as above described. The prisoner had been the employ of the keeper of the nur sery, and suspicion falling on him he was apprehended by Police-constables Stammers, 136 N, and Goss, 318 N, who told him that ho was charged with murdering a girl, on which he said " Good God, I know nothing about it." The prisoner was followed to the court by a large mob of people, and the place where the body was found was surrounded by about 500 or 600 people. 'What caused more excitement at the finding of the bones and the clothes was that on Monday a paragraph appeared to the following effect :—" Mysterious Affair,—A strange incident comes notified by the Swiss journals as occupying the people of Neufchatel. The corpse of a youg girl, aged about eight years, has been found be hind the town promenade, and the particulars given of the dress and other accessories have suggested her being a native of England. The British Legation has been put in possession of the case by the federal authorities, on the pre sumption that it has some connection with the reward of £lOO offered lately by the London police for tidings of Elizabeth Hunter, who had mysteriously disappeared from the metropolis." The first witness called was Charlotte Hunter, who said--I reside with my parents at Ward's-place. lam just over twelve years of age. I had a sister named Elizabeth Hunter. She was seven years and a half old when I last saw her. I last saw her in Green man's-lane. She was taken away by a man on a Sunday evening. The man looked about as old as my father. I fol lowed him a little while and then missed him in William street. He said to my sister, " Will you take a letter into William-street and I will give you 2d." I said " No, she musi not go." He took hold of her hand, and walked down the street with her. 1 followed and my bonnet came off, and when I stopped to pick it up I lost sight of her. I never saw my sister again. I have seen the prisoner before, but I do not know that he is the man that took my sister away. Mr. Alexander (second clerk)—l did rot ask you that ; you say that it was a man about as old as your father. Witness continued—The man who took my sister away had on a pork-pie hat with two ribbons on it at the back, I have known the prisoner for some time, By the Prisoner-1 do not say you are the man who took my sister away. Ido not know whether the man who t.ok my sister away had on a collar or not. Ido not know what sort of clothes he bad on. It was on Sunday the 30th of March, 1862, at 10. o'clock at night, that my sister was taken away. I had seen the prisoner a little time before I missed my sister, and I have seen him since. Police-constable Newbold, 151 N, said—From instruc tions I received from Mr. Wiseman, I went to a nursery ground in Willie/la street, New North-road. I saw Mr. Rowe. the proprietor. I asked him if he recollected the heed of a human being having been found in his nursery. He said he did, and, after some conversation, he showed me the place where it was buried. I dug, and found a skull. lie afterwards pointed out to me the spot where the skull was found. It was in a greenhouse, under the flower-stands. Another constable dug about, and as he dug he turned up a small boot, such as would fit a child. He afterwards dug up a bone, and then another boot. He kept digging, and found other bones. Inspector 'Wiseman, N division, said—On Monday after noon, from information I received, I went to the nursery kept by Mr. Row e. On going into the greenhouse, which is 30 feet long by 17 wide, there is a shelf running nearly the whole length on the right-hand side, about two feet from the ground. Five other shelves, sloped towards the wall, higher up, one over the other. Underneath are two pipes for warming the place. Between the pipes is a space about two fret wide. There I saw a quantity of bones, flesh, hair, and portions of cotton dresses, &c., all mixed more or lees with 4uicklime, I sent for a surgeon, who said they were the bones of a human body. On examining the place I found that the body was buried abeu i hree feet deep, with a slight layer of earth over the bones. I took possession of the bones and had them removed to the divisional surgeon's. Mrs Susan Hunter, who appeared deeply affected, said—l reside at No. 41, Ward's-place, Islington. Some time since I unfortunately lost my daughter. From the time I missed her to now, I have never seen her alive. On Monday night, at the police-station, Islington, I saw my child's boots, They were those she was wearing at the time, as she had no others. Last night I saw a piece of her jean petticoat, and likewise a piece of her chemise, and a piece of a coloured petticoat she wore and the sleeve of her frock, whi ch was fastened round her waist, a small piece of her pinafore, and a piece of white tape. I also saw some of her heir. I am certain that it is her dear hair. Her hair was very short. She wore an old felt hat. I saw a piece of felt last night which was very much like that which she wore I know the chemise by the hemming of it, It was rather a widish hem, and she did it herself. Mr. Barker—Have you any doubt about the boots and other things you have spoken of belonging to your child, and worn by her on the night you missed her. Witness—l have no doubt about it, They belonged to my dear child. Mr, George Rowe--I live at 38, Sherborne-street, Down ham-road. I have a nursery in William-street. I know the prisoner, and he was in my employ for about eight months, in 1861 and 1862. He left on the 10th of April, 1862. He had the care of the garden, and attended to the fires and greenhouses. In December last I thought a cat was in the greenhouse, as a pot had been removed. I went to the end of the stage, and looked along it, and saw what I thouht was a pile of broken pots under the stage, behind the file. I then desired the boy to remove them. About two days afterwards the boy told me on removing the pots, that he had found a skull, and showed it to me. I looked at it and saw that it was devoid of flesh. Inside of it I saw portidns of flesh and maggots. After some time it occurred to me that it had been used by a medical student, who had placed it there. I had it buried. I was present when the skull was removed by the constable. I saw the police dig over the ground, and I saw them dig up a boot, If I tad had dee slightest idea that anything had been wrong I should at once have communicated with the police. Afterwards I saw the police find another boot, several bones, and some pieces of clothing. Mr. Alexander (second clerk)—You say that the prisoner was in your employ up to April, 1862. Had he anything to do with the greenhouse ? Witness—Yes. He had the key of the greenhouse. There is another door at the end which leads into an open shed, which is unfastened. It was in fact always open. No one had aright to be there but those who belong to the nursery. I think it right to say that two other persons have keys and have a right to come into the nursery. Mr. Alexander (second clerk)—Do you know how the prisoner was dressed during the latter part of his service with you? Witness—l know that he had a turban or pork pie hat, with ribbons behind, which he always wore on Sundays. Mr; Alexander—This place where the bones were found was not open, and I suppose not very public? Witness—lt was most private ; and I wonder how a per son could have got there. It was so unlikely a place that we should not have touched it for years had I not seen the broken pots. Mr. Alexander—What is kept in the toolhouse ? IVitness—Sand, soil, lime, tools, &c. Prisoner—D o you recollect, about the third Thursday in March, 1862, going with me to the Grecian Theatre P Witness—No ; I should say it was not likely. Prisoner—You recollect the turban hat I wore. Did I not then tear the strings off it ? Witness—l do not remember your tearing them off. Prisoner--You say that none but three people can get into your nursery. Do you recollect the lock being in bad order ? Witness—Yes. Prisoner—And people could get in when they pleased ? Witncss—Yes. And the policemen have often complained that the nursery door has been left open, and stated that they have walked from end to end of the garden. Mr. Barker—Have you anything to say in answer to the charge ? Prisoner—T can assure you that lam perfectly innocent of the charge, and I was never more surprised in my life than when the officers came to me. As far as I can recol lect, on the 30th March I did not go into the nursery at all, as I stopped with some friends. 1 will not be certain about the 30th of March, but I think it was then. I plead not guilty to the charge. t e Mr. B ar k er— l now reman d you un til t o - morrow wee k. Prison er —Wi ll you take ba i l ? I can g i ve goo d secur ity. Mr. Ba r k er —No, certainly not. n Prison er _l have to ask you to keep my name out o f th e as it will b e ru i n t o m y f r i en d s . It will not hu e :r i t s r p m . a ßak rie", h r e_ least. Mr. have nothing to do with that. mein r The prisoner was then removed. The police stated that the prisoner had before been brought to the police station on charges of indecent assaults on children. The inquest was held in the afternoon by Dr. Lankester, the coroner for Central Middles3x, at the Florence Tavern, Florence-street, Islington. The jury having been sworn, proceeded to view the remains of deceased. They consisted of a tolerably complete akeleton, of good 'size, arranged upon a police stretcher, and a small quantity of golden coloured hair in a piece of a newspaper. The evidence was similar to that given before the magis trate, and ultimately the inquiry was adjourned. MIDDLESEX SESSIONS, July 8. (Before the Assistant -Judge.) THE LATE RIOT AT CREMORNE-GARDENS. This day being appointed for the trial of the several de fendants implicated in the late riots at Cremorne-gardens, at an early hour the court was crowded with persons either friends of the defendants or anxious to be present at the investigation. The magisterial bench was also fully occu pied. The several defendants answered to their names as fol lows :—Reginald Herbert, John Birkett, Joseph Edward Saville, Robert Shaweross, Charles AlTougal, and Charles Mr. Baldwin, the Deputy Clerk of the Peace, read the in dictment, whieh charged the defendants in a great number of counts with riot and creating a breach of the peace at Cremorne-gardens. Mr. Sleigh, Mr. Ribton, and Mr. Poland appeared for the prosecution ; Mr. Sergeant Ballantine and Mr. Smythies appeared for Herbert; Mr. Huddleston, Q.C., and Mr. Littler for Birkett; Mr. Hawkins, Q.O , and Mr. Metcalfe for Saville; Mr, Digby Seymour, Q.C. (specially retained), Mr. Brandt, and Mr. Warton for Shawcross ; Mr. Tindal Atkinson for M'Dougal; and Mr. Holl for Mott. The whole of the defendants pleaded " Not guilty." Mr. Sergeant Ballantine said that before the defendants were given in charge to the jury he, on the part of the de fendant Herbert, whose name appeared first on the record, h%d an application to make. As no doubt his lordship had had an opportunity of looking into the depositions, he would find that a person named Forest was a material witness in the case as far as the defendant Herbert was concerned. At the time of these occurrences his wife was in company with him, and they had endeavoured to subpoena her if it should be found necessary to call her ass witness. Mr. Humphries' clerk had been several times to the address which Mr. Forest had given, but had not been able to dis cover her. He had, however, been more fortunate as to Mr. Forest himself, and on telling him that he wished him to serve his wife with a notice to appear he made use of some very foul expressions, telling him he was not his servant, and that if they wanted his wife to attend they must find her. It was most material th at her presence should be secured during this inquiry, for, on looking into the evi dence, he believed that she would be a most important wit ness for the ends of justice, as she knew all about the case up to the time that Mr. Herbert was taken into custody. He had, therefore, to move that this trial, as far as Mr. Herbert was concerned, should be postponed, and he should put in an affidavit to prove the steps which had been taken to find Mrs. Forest, but without success. The affilavit was then read at length by the Deputy Clerk of the Peace. Mr. Sleigh said he believed he might save his learned friend some trouble, as Mr. Forest would undertake to bring the lady, to whom reference had been made. She was not his wife, but a lady that he was living with. The defendants were then given in charge to the jury. Mr. Sleigh, ia opening the subject, said he had the honour to appear in the case, together with his learned friends Mr. Ribton and Mr. Poland, for the purpose of lay ing before the jury the facts out of which this prosecution had arisen. They had heard from the officer of the Court that the defendants were charged with the indictment, an abstract of which had been just read, with riot, an affray, and assaults upon the police in the execution of their duty, and with common assaults; but ha would not then take up their time by pointing out what the difference was which the law called riot and affray, for when such matters were ripe for their consideration they would hear from his Lord ship the distinction between them, and to which their attention would he specially directed. The place where these alleged• events occurred was known br ftreaname of Cietnorne gardens,' a place of amusetnent which had been conducted for many years previously by Mr. Simp son, and for the last few years by a gentleman who had secured the goodwill and esteem of the public by the manner and the propriety with which he had conducted the large public establishments of which he had been pro prietor, and which had been under his guidance for the last ten years. Mr. E. T. Smith had been successively the pro prietor of Her Majesty's and Drury-lane Theatres, and for the last five years he had been the proprietor of Cremorne gardens, a place which was licensed by the magistrates of Middlesex, where innocent amusements were provided, and a place which was frequented by as many as 900 or 1,000 persons in a night, and conducted in such a manner as to be a fit and proper place for all classes of society, and, with few exceptions, no complaint as to the way in which it had been carried on had ever reached the public ear. The ex ception to which he had referred was a solitary one, and it occurred about the same period of the year as that to which he was about to call their special attention. He meant the Derby week. During that week en two or three previous years persons in a station of society that ought to have taught them better were in the habit of going there and creating a scene of disorder, but of short duration to that which he was about to direct their attention. On the night of the Derby this veer there was not . the usual collection of visitors, by reason of the weather, which they would remem ber was incessantly inclement, but on the Thursday it was Smith line, and the attendan ce was larger. On that night there i a rge Smith, l\ h lr a . d taken was a disturbance, bu t of less magnitude than that they would hear of. It w as p ut down, and those who were im plicated in it wer e being l 1 ed :e a wou ld be an end of such proceedings. hoping thein g next thath d t ay e , r e w reOa to ks b d e ay d , Mr. the precaution of ha ving an extra number of the police, so as to be able at once to repress any breach of the peace if it should be attemp ted ; but on that night, about mid night, a disturbanc e took place, which gave rise to these proceedings. A sc ene of riot, confusion, destruction of property, and injury to persons took place which would have been a disgrace to a savage land, and much more s o to the land in whi ch they lived. The persons who were charged as the principal actors in this scene, whether rightly or wrongly it would be the province of the jury to deter mine, were those who were then on the floor of the court, and they were charg ed with being the originat ors an d par ticipators in the acts to which he had adverted. Th ey were one and all person s whose position in society should make them deeply regret, if they should be guilty, th a t th ey had so far forgotten that es, 'which their education and pos i t i on ought to have taught them, instead of offering a bad lesson to those who had not had the same advantages of education which they themselves possessed. Two or three o f th em were gentlemen of fortune rd position, and one of th em held her Majesty's commission of the peace, and another of them held her Majesty s commission as an officer of the army, and the other defendants moved in a very sup er i or position in society. On the night in question the defendants Herbert, Birkett, and Saville were observed in a portion of the establishment called the circular bar, which is near the promenade, and which ; vas much thro nge d , persons going in and out. Ab out 1 o clock a shrill w hi st l e was heard to come from the ci rcular bar, upon which the defendant Her bert and others rushed among the crowd shouti ng ou " Now for a lark," "Come . on boys," " Plenty of brandy and water," upon which . immediately there was a rush the other defendants joined. They then commenced es , and 't mingling it with shouts,. hissings, and other noises, and rle scene of terrific confusion ensued, Glasses were swept the counter, plants were taken up and thrown about, off people's hats were knocked off their heads, and women were pushed about, The police endeavoured to quell it, but f e r time of the whistle there became a raging ' row and the' riot. Seeing this destruction of property, the police endeavoured to clear the cir cular bar of those who had be en conducting themselves i s this way, and in doing so s ome o f the officers ' the were assaulted.i ref Finally the riot w as quelled, and de fendants taken into custody. He had thus given a brief s ketch of th ese disgraceful p roceedin g s, and he s hould de tain them but for a few moments in laying beore them more prominent facts of the case, which the prosecution the said would deserve their serious consideration, to enable d them to say by their verdict whether one or all of th dents were concerned in these riots. The learned e efen man then briefly referred to the evidence, and said, hegentle man er then proved the facts by witnesses, ha believed th a would be bound to return a verdict of guilty againstejury fendants, remarking that, although a counterthe ed charge had been made against a constable named Large for he had done no more than his duty in using mea a n n s assau t, to pro tect himself when he was assaulted in onde • avouring to take ono of the defendants to the station-house. Sergeant Huddy was the first witness called, and examined by Mr. Poland. He remembered the night of the Oaks! tee was on duty at Cremorne-gardens. He saw the defen dant Birkett there. He was inside the circular bar shouting and crying out when the riot began, "Go it, boys • here's p l en ty of soda and brandy." The defendants ' got inside the circular bar, I Tat- were pushing. the people about. He took Mr. Herbert into custody. He he a rd hi m c all out twice Go it, boys; go it." He took them into custody for break ing the glass and making a disturbance. He resisted, but he (witness) got another constable to assist him to take him to the police-station. He did not see him strike anybody. He said he hoped they would let him go. When they were taking Herbert into custody M'Dougal called out and said to those around, "Don't let him go " and beckoned to the mob to come to his assistance. Before he took Herbert away the other defendants began pressing th e people abou t ri g ht and left, and were crying and shouting out. When he re tinned from the station where he bad given Herbert into custody he found the doors at the circular bar closed. He saw Isl‘Dougal strike the inspector on the head with his umbrella (the umbrella was produced). He seized hold of him and tried to get him out of the mob, which he did after a great deal of trouble, for the mob tried to pull him away, The mob surrounded the police as they were taking him to the station. He did not see them do anything more. Cross •examined by Sergeant Ballantine—This occurred about 1 o'clock, or a little before. That was the Oaks night ; he believed it was the first fine evening they had had that week, and there was a great number of people in the gar- dens. There was dancing going on before and while this was going on, but there was none after. He could not say how many policemen there were there. There is a bar where this took place ; that is at the further end of the gar- dens. He could not say whether or not any of the waiters or waitresses were there. It was about 15 or 20 minutes before he got back from the statiou. There was a great crowd during tha whole of this affair. The defendant Her- bert was not pointed out to him. Cross•examined by Mr. Huddleston, Q.C.—Ho first went to the gardens about 9or 10 o'clock in the evening. This row commenced about half-past 12 o'clock. It was the com menceruent of the riot that he saw. The five defendants were there, and two other gentlemen, The other gentlemen were charged with being in the riot. One was discharged, and the other one was fined 10s. He gave his evidence second before the magistrate. Cross-examined by Mr. Hawkins, Q.C.—The coffee-room is at the side of the circular bar. The disturbance com- menced at the entrance of the circular bar ; between the circular bar and the entrance to the coffee-room. He was inside, ,and was pushed about and carried off his legs. The riot commenced in the gardens and not in the bar. Some were inside the circular bar, and some were out. There was a great rush at the doors. He had not seen the defendant Saville that night before this. He (Saville) was standing inside the circular bar, inside the doorway facing the circu- lar bar. He had not noticed him in there four or five minutes before that. The pushing was from both ways, inside and out. Those who were trying to get in made the most dis turbance and noise. The defendant Saville was inside. He did not observe him talking to anyone. He, witness, could not repeat a single word Saville uttered. The gardens were crowded that night. There was a very good company of _ _ people there. Mr. Saville was taken to the station after Mr, Herbert. Cross-examined by Mr. Digby Seymour—There is a con venience across the circular bar. The rush that was made seemed to come from the further side, which would be the right aide, the furthest side from the theatre. The rush appeared to come from that direction. Cross-examined by Mr. Tindall Atkinson—The first time he saw M'Dougal was about 20 minutes to 1 o'clock, and not past 1 o'clock. He had heard Inspector Tarlton examined before the magistrates. He did not see M'Dou- gal when the riot commenced. He saw him about 9or 10 minu'es after the disturbance. He heard him cry "To the rescue, and don't let them take him." He, M , Dougal, struck at Inspector Tarlton in this manner. (The witness here described the wanner in which the blow was struck.) As soon as he struck the inspector took the umbrella from his hand. He whistled, and hissed, and urged on the mob. He hit the inspector on the head. He should think such a blow would call a person's attention. He took him into custody. Inspector Tarlton was then called and examined by Mr. Poland. He said he was an inspector of the V division, and was on duty on the night of the Oaks. He saw the disturb ance. It occurred at the circular bar. lie and several other officers tried to keep order, but they were overpowered. He saw all the defendants except Mott when the riot was going on, but not committing themselves. After the circular bar had been cleared and the doors closed, he saw M'Dougal come up with an umbrella and strike one or two policemen on the hats. He lost sight of him for a few minutes and then he came up in front of the door, which was closed. He cried out, "Burst the door open; we want more lush, we want more drink. Where is Mr. Smith?" There was a kind of rush and he ordered the men to draw their staves, and if there was any attempt to get the door open by burst ing it to use them. He saw M'Dougal assaulting one or two other constables with the umbrella. Then there was a rush, and, in passing the crowd bask, he received a blow on the side of the head from some person behind, on the left side of the neck, just above tha stock. That was with the silk part of the umbrella. He turned round and then saw M'Dougal in Sergeant Huddy's custody. As he was assist ing ,to take M'Dougal outside the gardens he was tripped up do the platform. He was also kicked in the shoulder. "'l'o the rescue" was a cry that was often repeated through out the evening. He felt the pain in his shoulder for two or three days. He would say it was a vicious blow ;it was viciously given. If it had been with a stick he would have felt it most severely. There was another person rescued from him by the mob. He could not speak to the other de fendants being present, Moss-examined by Mr. Sergeant Balfalififie —Ha saw Herbert before. He was' staking in a Initrie - d manner into the circular - Far. 'that/ his Islidis wee deranged. The whole of the striking he saw was after he saw Herbert. By Mr. Tindall Atkinson—lt was about a quarter past 1 o'clock. He might have touched some people on the hat himself. His men drew their staves when he gave the order, and not before. He did give the order " right and " l i left. They gave the people a sort of poke in the ribs. There was a person between him and Itl`Dougal when M'Dougal struck witness. Inspector Drake was then called, sworn, and examined by Mr. Sleigh. He corroborated the principal features of the case, as describ e d by th e previous witnesses. The win dows were broken and the doors were burst open. He was much hurt in the chest by being pressed against the door post by the crowd. They got the mob out and closed the doors. He was obliged to stay away some time in conse quence of the injury he had received. When he returned all the row was over. By Mr. Huddleston, Q.C.—He said at his first examina tion that he saw Birkett about 12 o'clock, but he recollected since it was past 12 o'clock. He did not see him at 12 o'clock, and if he had said so before it was not true. He found out since by the charge-sheet that it must have been after 12, and so he had made a mistake. He could not say Birkett had a white handkerchief on. Mr. Hawkins, Q C., then went into a long cross-exa mination of the witness, in which he gathered from the witness that he had had no communication with the solici tor for the prosecution in this case. He had received a copy of his depositions. He supposed that was to keep what he said before the magistrate in his mind. Mr. Pierce, the manager of the Cremorne-gardens, gave him the copy. He had read it once, but he did not know it by heart. He thought it singular that he should be supplied with a copy of his depositions as well as several other constables. Ho could not recollect how many, but he would say about 12. Mr. Pierce gave them to him, and he distributed same, and the last witnesss, Inspector Tarlton, the rest. He did not take anybody into custody. He was not told by Mr E. T. Smith to take Mr. Smyth into custody if he came to give • evidence. Re-examin e d i n c hi e f by Mr. Ribton—He had not a watch, and it was his impression at the time that it was 12 o'clock. The Court here adjourned for 20 minutes, On the re-assembling of the Court the names of the de fendants were called, to which they answered severally. Thomas Rowe, 113 V, was then examined by Mr. Ribton, and gave similar evidence to that already elicited. He was also furnished with a copy of his depositions. Police-con stable 35 B pointed it out to him at the station last Sun day. He had looked at it, and it did not correspond with his evidence. ((treat laughter) It was not to the same effect as that which he had given at the police-station. By Mr, Hawkins, Q.C— When he found it did not cor respond with his evidence he threw it away. There was some part of his evidence left. He did not tell Sergeant Large it was not a fair copy. He had burnt it in the kitchen fire after he had read it over. James Manley, 34 7, who was on duty at Cremorne-gar dens at the time, was called, and gave similar evidence. He had also a copy of his depositions, but he had not got it here now. J. Fallford, 371 V, was examined, bui his evidence was a repetition and confirmation of that already given, as was also the evidence of G eor g e Large, 35, George Polter, 174 V, Sergeant Airs, 28 V, and of William Ayes, 37 V. The Court rose at 5 o'clock. The case for the prosecution will be proceeded with to morrow (this day). STATE OF TRADE• DUNDEE, July 'l.—The market was less excited to-day than on recent market days, but a very cheerful tone pre vailed, and prices are decidedly strong. Some of the larger spinners having supplied themselves last week, there was rather less inquiry for flax, tow, or codilla to-day ; but the sales reported are at very full prices. The demand for jute i s a ctive, and p rices very steady; but stocks of suitable quality are very light in sellers' hands here. Yarns of all 1 . ties flax, tow, and jute conti nue in g reat re q uest, and qua 1 prices are still rather against buyers. Any parcels that can be got for early delivery are quickly bought up, but there few such , s p inners being generally largely foresold. are The Brazilian letters to hand yesterday are very unsatisfac tory for linens, stocks having largely increased and prices fallen seriously since the previous mail left. Neither are the American advices received this week at all favourable, as burlaps and heavy linens are reported dull, and every thing selling being at low prices. Notwithstanding this, the demand was again very active to-day, LEICESTER, Bth.—The hosiery trade is tolerably ani s business is expected to be done, ma ted, and a good se ason ' Manufacturtrs are now engaged finishing orders, and the workpeople have rather more employment. In the rural districts business is without much alteration. Yarns are selling at high rates, with a fair market, spinners producing only what are required. In wools there is no important change. Prices are firm and dear. NOTTINGHAM, Bth.—There has not been much doing in the cotton branch of the lace trade during the past week. All classes of cotton goods are in much less than an average demand. There is, however, fully as much doing in the silk department as for some time past. For black laces and edgings there continues a fair demand, and silk quiltings are selling freely. Home and foreign buyers have been in the market, and some fair purchases have been made. Stocks of all kinds of goods are kept down. There is not much alteration in the hosiery trade. Some orders are com pleting, both for shipping and for the home market. Yarns keep up in price. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing liorniman's pure Tea; very choice at 38 4d. and 4s. "High Standard "at 4a. 4d, (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every own supply it in packets. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—The state of things disclosed by all the intelligence and all the opi2ions from America is one wholly unintelligible, either upon the professed cha racter of the great cause now trembling in the balance, or on all our own notions of the last agony of an empire. A large army of real soldiers, fight ing not for an abstraction but for their free homes, amply provided with all that is absolutely necessary for war, but with a garden of Eden before them and a desert behind, have broken through the flimsy line of Federal defences, and planted themselves securely in a central point, equally threatening, if not com manding, Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Washington. With regard to the points which have hitherto formed the basis for the defence of the capital, Gen. Lee was considered at the last date to be actually in the rear of Washington. He had turned the thin and pretentious Federal front, extending from near Fredericksburg, on the Rappahannock, to Harper's Ferry, on the Potomac, and left General Hooker watching an imaginary foe, but little disposed to advance in quest of the shadow, far away to the south and south-east of Washington. The design had been foreseen, but foreseen in vain. That might, indeed, be simply the incapacity of the coterie of lawyers who sit in the Federal Cabinet and command its armies. But for more than a week the danger had been not only foreseen, but present ; not only present, but advancing by sure and not very slow steps into the State of Pennsyl vania. The alarm had been sounded, and the Con stitutional appeals had been made. The Governors of Nev' York and New Jersey had sent considerable bodies of militiamen with an alacrity which ought to have shamed both the State authorities of Pennsyl vania and the War Department at Washington. But after the first effort New York had declined to send more, and New Jersey, on a Constitutional pre tence, had withdrawn the forces already sent. From New England nothing more was to be expected, and, se for the Federal forces, they are everywhere except where they ought to be; and unless Penn sylvania chose to be ravaged, or make terms with the invader. she would have to find her own defen- ders. But, to say that all was panic, depression, and indifference is only to describe the universal break down of the defensive system. There was that which was vastly worse for the Federal cause, which has been now the evident secret of its long weak ness, and which produces the paradox of an ap parently accepted defeat. Everywhere—at Penn- sylvania, New York, and Washington—public opinion was expressing itself strongly if not loudly againstaainst the Federal Government, and even the Federal cause. It was not merely that no con fidence was felt in the President, his Ministers, or his Generals, but there prevailed a positive wish that the Confederate President might establish himself at Washington and dictate terms to the Union. There has been nothing like this in history—at least nothing with which it could fairly be paralleled. There have been stories of great cities and empires distracted and weakened by factions, which• even in the last hour kept up a war within the gates, only less ruinous than that which raged without. There have been stories of empires so degenerate and so devoid of patriotism that it was impossible to recruit the ranks or replenish the coffers of the garrison. Half a century ago there were those who hailed the advance of the Allies in \ o France because they believed.the Imperial cause hopeless, the country exhausted, the star of victory fallen, the destiny accomplished. That was simply to be beaten in a more than mortal enterprise, and to find the whole world more power ful than one man. But from the first it is now clear there has been a strong underground current and an obstinate protest, even in the heart of the Federal side, against the Federal cause. For this we have been long prepared. Every visitor to the States has long been struck with the fact that the elements of wealth, of high education, of refinement, and of social importance have had no place in the politics of the Northern States. There men with these qua lifications have been virtually ostracised from public affairs. Neither were_they wanted nor did they want to obtain seats in the Legislature or take office in the Government. The: ruth was,they understood and felt the complieations which . rendered it a gross hypocrisy to maintain on the one hand a high tariff and an aggressive policy, and on the other hand to denounce the institution of slavery, which formed the chief basis of wealth, territory, and aggression. These men, at once so politic in their intelligence and so unpolitical in their lives, knew that if the Union was to endure it could only be by mutual con sideration, and by cherishing, rather than destroy ing, the sovereignty of each State. They now speak with more chance of a hearing, when all depends upon hearing them ; and they seem bolder to speak when they speak not for place and power, but for the restoration of peace and the salvation of their coun try. They are not compromised in the Federal cause. Mr. Lincoln is not their man, and they have nothing to say to the Generals to whom the lives, the treasure, and the honour of twenty million people have been committed. They are under no obligation of secrecy or submission ; so they speak and are heard. It is needless now to ask why they have not spoken before. There is not a State in the world which does not throw important portions or so r f an th n e ther. peopleE Even nt in political life by one acciden t p t his n country .l there i 0 arennumbers so wh n w e i h t with as every s , are in the political calculatio n. The popularth einstitu tionsFree of the United States , especially in States, have thrown out and insulrarteendtivtheeanvdernynmenekn who would have been their best corrective But this is no conquest, if , i indeed, that is the event which is shortly to beexpect . when the conquerors 01 war h a s h nanslypr madeoved are invited as deliverers . I a nything that was known bef f ore lle i it it more evident that , o n the whole , 0e Southern t e mperament and the social organisation of the d command. That is a matter in South produce the m en best q ual i fied to govern an ep dendent of moral principles and p olitical opinions. Rome was at once the slave market and the mistress of the world, and the very men who never appeared but to show a n atural superiority over the rest of the h um an race wore themselves slaveowners. Whether they made the best use of their superiority, and whether they were as good as they were great, is another question. In this country we are accustomed to ascribe certain moral deficiences to the aristocra tic class in the comparison with that engaged in manufacture and trade, and the latter claims to it self a large share of the virtue supposed to be cha racteristic of England. With this estimate it is un necessary to interfere ; but be it ever so correct, it is, nevertheless, equally true that the habits of govern ment and command are more natural and familiar to the higher class than to the lower, that is, to the gen try.than to the trading class. Even when the fact is resisted, and when it is urged that such a state of things ought not to be, and there are good moral reasons against it, the fact is all the time admitted. We mean, then, no defence or palliation of the moral condition of the Soathern States, when we admit that they produce the best soldiers, the best Generals, the best Statesmen, the' best public func tionaries of all kinds in the Union, and are thereby proved to be the nearest approach td a governing class. A fact is not the less a fact because it has its dark aide, its dangers, and perhaps even a ziecidedly objectionable character. England has no iel.terest to maintain the moral superiority of the South, for it is to Southern Statesmen that she owes the numerous insults she has received from America, and the generally impracticable tone of Ame rican diplomacy. But this is only a fresh testimony to the resolute, persistent, uncompro mising temper of the Southern States, and their power of carrying their point when once their honour or their pride is engaged. That is a senti ment and a habit very likely to prevail against the calculations of self-interest and mercenary motives. It is the way that small States have become great and have changed places with their masters. Such is the trial of strength we now KC in America. War is simply a trial of strength, and it seems to prove the South the stronger. DAILY NEWS.—The time spent, in each session, in the discussion of Cotton-supply from India will not be wasted if the effect of the argument should be to rectify the popular notion of the sort of people who live in India, and the sort of life they lead. In course of years, it is to be hoped, both humanitarians and economists may learn to speak more fittingly of the Indian farmer class than they do at present; and that they should do so is important. because their so called practical suggestions are, oftener than not, grounded on a thoroughly false notion of the capacity and character of the class they under take to pity and manage, or show how to manage. We are so accustomed to hear the native farmer groaned over as a helpless sort of savage, victimised by civilisation, and the tyranny which accompanies it, that the absurdity does not strike us till we hear somebody else talking in the same way of some other class with as little reason. For instance, we laugh when we read in foreign newspapers of speakers and writers who avow that their sympathies, in regard to the India of 1857, are with " the poor sepoys." If we could inquire what notion these compas sionate persons have of" the poor sepoy" we should find it not much further from the truth than the parliamentary and popular notion in England of " the poor ryot." The proud and menacing soldiery which kept our Indian empire in jeopardy and its rulers in anxiety for years before 1857 is not more unlike the hungry, naked, grovelling, whipped, in sulted, and outraged poor sepoy of the American and German imagination, than the intelligent, indus trious, well-to• do farmer of an accessible and popu lous district is unlike the conception of " the poor ryot" entertained by those who suppose him to be as far below the Irish conacre of 20 years ago as an Asiatic and a heathen must be, eceterispeeib us, below a European and a Christian, though a papist. On each occasion of a debate there is now usually somebody who speaks well of the capacity and position of the cultivators of India ; and in course of time this testimony may operate to the advan to.e of the landed interest of India and the ma nufacturing interest at home, as well as of good government and a friendly understanding all round. On Friday evening there was a good deal of such testimony. Four of the principal speakers on Mr. Caird's motion delivered their opinion that, on the subject of cotton-growing in India, the ryots were quite as able to teach as to learn, and that they have not only the usual faculty of self interest, but a rather uncommon ability in putting it to use. The strength of the habit of supposing that the poor ryot wants to be protected, and ma naged, and taug ht how to do everything, appeared in Mr. Cobden 's horror at the account of rural life given by Mr. Stnollett, and at the advice to let the farmers alone, to manage their tillage in their own way. The facts afterwards related by Mr. Craw ford and Mr. J. B. Smith ought, however, to make all Lancashire, and all champions of " the poor ryot," pause, in order to consider whether their way of going to work to get cotton, or to impeach the motives and doings of everybody who takes a dif ferent view, is correct or prudent. What are these ryots like ? What is their life? and how far is it likely, in its natural course, to yield cotton to as, and the profits of the crop to the cultivator ? We ought to know this before we listen to proposals that Government shall take the matter out of native hands, and go to work to grow cotton in India as the French Government is doing in Algeria. Mr. Bazley tells us how the authorities at Paris are ir rigating and preparing the soil in Algeria, while the authorities in London and Calcutta are doing nothing of the sort in India. What help the ryots really want is in the shape of roads and markets. Government is helping with the roads, and, in so far, with markets. But the most effective sort of market in this case is one which other parties could manage better. In every cotton-growing district there should be some place where the growers may carry their produce for sale, 'with a certainty of selling it, if of certain quality, and for ready money. By such a method, which would include an orga nisation for preparing, packing, and transmitting the cotton to port, more of the material might be obtained, in better condition and sooner, than by any great scheme for opening up waste lands. Let waste lands be opened up, by all means ; but let not expectations of relief from our present difficulty take that direction. We can obtain much cotton now from India, and more and more hereafter ; but before we can obtain the advantages that India would naturally yield, we must learn to understand and appreciate better the native farmer, whom we have no right to despise in his own function, and who can and will give us what we want, if we take him into frank consultation, instead of subjecting him to the insult of interference and the burden of Government protection. COUNTRY MARKETS. . _,~ HULL-TuEsDAY. The wheat trade since our last report has been very dull. and under the influence of brilliant weather millers and dealers show but little inclination to operate. At to-day's market there was but a moderate supply of English wheat, which was taken off slowly et is under last week's currency. Foreign neglected, at is lower. Grinding bar ley steady. Beans and peas sold at last week's rates. Oats dull, and rather cheaper. Wheat.... Old white.... per qr ... 47s Od to 50s Od Old red „ New white .. ~ New red .... „ Barley.... English malting 36s Od to 37s Od Grinding Saal and Oderbruck Holstein and Danish 2Bs Od to 29s Od Grindin g Oats Fnglish, old Archangel and Riga, per st osl2ld to 13d Friesland and Dutch osl3d to oal3/d Swedish and Danish Osl2d to osl3d Beans ....English, old, per qr 43s Od to 45s Od ... _ . _. . 42s Od to 44s Cd 40s Od to 42s Od New p ti i e g k e . on Egyptian Peas Foreign boilers 36s Od to 38s Od Grinding .. ,; —5 Od to —8..0d Tares .. a akpring,. t Indian Corn Linseed, feeding crushing Linseed cakes (Hull) £lo 0 oto £0 0 0 Foreign Bl5 oto 9 0 0 Rape cakes 6 2 6to 0 0 0 Bones 5 5 oto 510 0 NEWARK-WEDNESDAY. The weather has been splendid during the week, and the wheat crop has made amazing progress. Other kinds of grain are looking well. White wheat new, Ms to 54s ' Barley, grinding .. 30s to 32s Red do. 43s to 48s 1 Oats, old, .. 2Bs to 303 Old white —s to —s New do 20s to 26s Red do.. —s to —s 1 Beans. 38s to 42s Barley, malting-. .—a to —a 1 Beans, new —s to —s DUBLIN-TUESDAY. We had a dull market to-day, except for Indian corn, which met an improved demand. Oats depressed. s. d. s. d. s. d. s. d. Wheat, white 11 otol2 0 Beans.. ..... oto 0 Do., red lO oto 11 0 Bere ......... —oto 0 Do., new Barley Oats Do., black —oto 0 Indian corn .. 69 to 7 1 Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton....... July 19. a M drazil and C ape Verds, by vi British arseilles packet. Aug. y 4. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena.. July 29. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton. July 19. via Marseilles ...July 13. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton July 11. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton July 19. -- via Marseilles July 13. India (Bombay), via Southampton July 11. via Marseilles July 20. Portugal.... Aug. 4. Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton July 11. via Marseilles July 13, Newfoundland - .. July 22. Oporto and Vigo U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.... July 16. by U.S. packet.... by Canadian packet. July 10. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe July 10 Bahamas, via New York Mexico.. All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, I J u ly 14. California. and British Columbia.. A poetic exercise, in the style of Pope or Byron, was once attempted by a Yankee (says the Athe noum), who, when the floods swept his mill down the stream, sat down and wrote— This here Mill's moved down the Water, A mile and half furder nor it oughter. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—Avoid medicines; they always aggra vate chronic complaints, but Du Barry's Delicious Health Restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, which saves. fifty times its cost in other remedies, invariably cures them, restoring perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, healthy liver, pure blood, refreshing sleep, functional regularity, and energy to the most disordered or enfeebled. We extract a few out of 60,000 Cures :—Cure No. 58,216 of the Marchioness de Bram, Paris, of a liver complaint, wasting away for seven years, debility, with a nervous palpitation all over, bad digestion, constant sleeplessness, the most intolerable nervous agitation, and dreadfully low spirited.—Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies, Lord Lieut. of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia. —No. 49,832. "Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting.—Maria Jolly." —Cure No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derange ment, and partial deafness.—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and 'nervous fancies.— Cure No. 54,616. The Rev. Jas. T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, "of indigestion and torpi dity ot the liver, which had resisted all medical treatment." In tins, 1 lb., 2s. 9d. ; 21b., 4s. 6d ; 51b., 11s. ; 121 b., 225. ; 41b* 405.—Barry Du Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London; also Fortnum and Mason ; and all Grocers and Chemists in every town of the United Kingdom. Births, WENLOCK.—On the 6th inst., at Bourton Cottage, Lady Wenlock, prematurely, of a son. ESTERTON.—On the 7th inst., at Knightsbridge, the wife of Charles Westerton, of a daughter. Cox.—On the Cth inst., at 5, Rutland-gate, the wife of F. Cox, Esq., of a daughter. DIMSDALE.—On the Bth ingit„ at 10, Curzon-street, May fair, Mrs. F. Ditusdale, of a son. Marriages. ALLEN—SNELGAu.--On the 7th inst„ at the Cathedral, Bangor, John H. Allen, third son of the late J. H. Allen, Esq,, M.P., of Cresselly, Pembrokeshire, to Mar garetta, eldest daughter of W. Snelgar, Esq. HAWKINS—WITHINGTON.—On the 7th inst., at Christ Church, Paddington, the Rev. Sir John Caesar Hawkins, Bart,, M.A., incumbent of St. Paul's, Chatham, to Mary Catherine, youngest daughter of the late Thos. Enamor %Vithington, Esq., Culcheth Hall, Lancashire. Deaths. AUSTEN.—On the sth inst., at his residence, Holloway, Thomas Aust en , E sq., late of Waltham Abbey, aged 78. ACOCK. —On the 26th May, at Calcutta, Captain Frederick Acock, of the ship John Melbuish, and of 2, Wellington road, Stcke Newington, aged 37. BUCKLE.—On the 6th inst., at Wharton House, Edin burgh, John Buckle, Esq., aged 71. COZENS. —On the 6th inst., at Dorchester, Frederick Cozens, Esq , b arr i s t er -at•law. the ,On 6th inst at ~ residence, 26, Chester street, Anne, B ar oness Kilmaine, aged 90. MULREADY.—Ott the 7th inst., at Linden grove, Bays water, William MulreadY, Esq., R.A. , &C., of disease of m h o e , N h Ne o of 40 the 7th n Oyears' ist., a t duration, aged 78. Paddington-green, Miss Maginnis, aged 76. London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDREWS, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TnE Sum Office, No. 112 Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County Maddlenex.—Thureclay, July 9, 1868. T} Incori Lia his Depot to ( mor tieqi F. M. Maio! Frede Clul Frani T. Lit J. Ste Th Co .:(:); gran Th impr greal maul Th over whet ring( surf tip seen pros Dep Pr, NV Geo Geo