The Sun. — London, England, 1863-07-29 00:00:00

THE SMYTH ERN CONFEDERACY. -- (From the Spoie Correspondent. of the Times.) HEADQUAP.TF,ES OF GEN. LEE, NEAR CHAT BERSBIJIS.G, PENNSYLVANIA, June 29. Up to the pree'rit time nothing can exceed the 'success which has attended the onward march of Gen. Lee across the boxder of Virginia and the heel of Maryland, up the :rich Cumberland Valley, and deep into the bowel's of the State of Pennsylvania. If my recent letter from Berryville has ever reached England your re:aders will understand with what admirable dexteeity the large army of the Confede rates has moved from Fredericksburg into the Northern States, snapping up the force of Gen Mil roy at Winchester en route, and masking its ex tended lines behind the gaps of the Blue Ridge, firmly held as they were by Gen. Lee. This advan tage hes been gained without striking a blow, ex cepting -.hose which have been interchanged in the brisk cavalry skirmishes between Gen. Stuart and Gen. Pleasanton. In my last letter I alluded to the serious wound which Major Von Bereke, the chief of Gen Stuart's Staff, contracted in one of these skirmishes. It will be a matter of interest to those Englishmen who have lately visited the Confede racy, and who have most of them carried away agree able recollections of Major Von Borcke, to learn that this gallant Prussian cffieer, who has likewise 611 C.. ceeded in gaining the affections and admiration of the whole of Gen, Stuart's command, has hitherto progressed favourably, and that he has not en countered the danger which I apprehended for him when last I wrote—the danger, namely, of his being taken prisoner, although two Federal officers actu ally entered the house in which he lay wounded. The bullet is still, I fear, buried in the muscles at the back of his neck; but I understand that no danger to his life is apprehended, unless the slough ing of the wound subsequently injures an artery. The movement of an enoimous army like Gen. Lee's, with its vast ammunition or ordnance trains, infinite stores weary length of waggons, laden with the stores of the Quartermaster-General's and Commis sary-General's departments, its interminable bat teries of artillery, to say nothing of brigade after brigade of infantry, and squadron after squadron of cavalry, can be compared to nothi n g but the action of mighty forces in the labora tor y of nature, the bursting of the St. Lawrence at the commencement of each May through the penthouse of ice which has for seven months controlled its limbs, the upheaval of strata among the -volcanic summits of the Andes. Any time during these last 10 days a traveller might sit by the wayside in the Valley of Virginia, or on the edge of the Potomac--that Rubicon which the Confederates have at length crossed to teach their pertinacious enemy some of the anguish which Vir ginia, Tennessee, Louisiana, North Carolina, and Mississippi have in different degrees so long en dured--and at Hagerstown in Maryland, or at Greencastle in Pennsylvania, and wonder at the endless files of footmen and horsemen, accompanied by troops of negro camp-followers which passed before him, the men still ragged and unkempt, but hardly one without good substantial shoes; the mules and horses for the most part sleek and fat, the army altogether in infinitely better case than I ever saw it before. It is not likely that any such traveller would occupy his post long without being subjected to any amount of " chaff," all the more so if his dress or appearance offered any salient points of attack. With jest and song and banter for each and all that they met, with saucy cheers as they tramped through Pennsylvanian hamlets to th 6 tune of " Dixie" villainously interpreted by a Con federate field band, heedless of the half-cowed, half-menacing looks of the groups of Yankee men and women, the ragged rebels press insolently forward,as though defeat and discomfiture were possibilities not dreamt of in their philosophy. Within the county of Franklin, of which Chatabersburg is the county town, hardly a horse, or mule, or head of cattle has escaped the Confederates; and it is hard to see, even if the Confederate army was withdrawn to morrow, how the harvest, which lies thick and pro mising in many a fair field, could be saved or gar nered. The farmers gather ruefully in the streets, emboldened by the impunity which they have learnt from the experience of the last fortnight is everywhere exteaaed to them by the Confederates, and moodily discuss the future and anathematise President Lincoln and Governor Curtin and General Hooker. But it a strange commentary upon this war, especially in the eyes of one who has during these last four months visited hundreds of Southern towns, and encountered hardly a soul but old men and. young boys and women, to see thou sands of young and middle-aged stalwart men standingidle in the marketplace, glaring as fiercely as they dare at their ragged invaders,• but declar ing that "it i none of their business to fight.' Surely, if the men of Chambersburg are not goaded into rising by the presence of their foe, by the seizure of all their horses and cattle, and by Brie. vious exactions in the shape of any number of rations, paid for, it is true, in Confederate scrip,but demanded at their hands by the Southern army, it is hard to say what amount of pressure will con strain the men. of Pennsylvania to acquit themselves like men. Hitherto, though I have conversed with many of them, and have heard the measure of their irritation against the Confederates expressed in various keys, there seems, so far as I can discern, no sense of individual responsibility among the men, no consciousness that the tread of an invader on their soil is the worst of pollutions. There has been, it is true, some little " bushwhacking' , as the Confederates advanced, but it has been chec'ed by the capture of the offenders, some 15 or 20 in number, and their dismissal as prisoners to Richmond. When General Ewell first occupied this town some five days ago he immediately caused a search for muskets to be made, and discovered some 500 or 600 of them, which, as he had no wag - gons to spare to carry them to the rear, and as ail his own men were armed, he caused to be destroyed. It is safo to say that there is no town throughout the length and breadth of the Confederacy which would not have s en t eac h o f the s e muskets into the field against an army of Yankee invaders, in the hands possibly of old men and boys, in the hope that some Federal straggler might be picked off and their advance arrested until a sufficient forco of men might be gathered to meet them face to face. If any proof werewanting of the inferior earnest ness with which the North .8 fighting as compared with the South, it is to be found in th e as p ec t of the streets of C hambersburg this d a y. It i s h ar dly conceivable th a t this degrading apa th y s h ou ld con tinue, or that if arms are promised to them by Go vernor Curtin, or any other authority, the men of Chambersburg a n d other little neigh bourhood would re f use to repair tow ns i n this spot, and to strike p ro axis et to any d es i gnate d present time, I am bound to record f"4B. But, up to the cin that, except by vague threats of what the army is going to do, and by femalevin denunciations i nvincible Northern of the Confederates, comparing them arm y marching to the Red Sea, Pennsylvania "e P haraoh's borne the presence, first of the BYlvania h as army of E no wof that of General Lee, like Iss well, an d Eicher crouching down between two burdens. It must not be supposed that when G eneral Lee gets deeper into Pennsylvania, and, above a s hould ever cross the Susquehannah river, it l he hie intention to keep open his long lines of communi cation with Virginia. Hitherto, although are nea rly 30 miles from the Potomac at Williamsport, the line of communication, though exposed to much hazard, is open, and couriers with despatches pa ss to and fro, But it is certain that the time is at hand when the movements of Gen. Lee and his army will become known to Richmond only through the jour nals of the North. Your readers will imagine with what difficulties I am beset in my attempt to get commun ications to England, intercepted as I am about to be from Richmond, and in the heart of the enemy's country. It will doubtless be pronounced by military critics in England that Gen. Lee is sinning against the orthodox rules which guide the art of war when it is known that he has turned his army adrift in a hostile country, with no open base, no line of communication. The authority of Napoleon will perhaps be invoked against him, and specially will the Emperor's famous letter to his brother, King Jcseph, be quoted, in which the opinion is re corded that a general who aeis without keeping open ' communication with his base deserves to lose his head. This is not the moment to enter into disqui- sitions as to the military genius of Gen. Lee, but it may be remarked that the circumstances under which war is conducted in this country necessi Li' e abnor mal action on the part of Gen. Lee, which in pre sence of the disciplined armies of &tope, com manded by enterprising generals, might be hazard ous in the extreme. There are men y dozens in this tatterdemalion army who have been (not to speak of skirmishers) in 32 engagements, and yet have never known one decided repulse. Surely, with men of this stamp, enthusiastic about their general, and animated with a deep sense of the batter outrages which the Yankees have inflicted upon every State in the Confederacy, some risk may be ventured on? It seems that little more was wanted than the safe transference of Gen. Lee's army from Fredericksburg to Pen nsylvan ia to insure at least sub stantial successes for the Confederacy, and to de monstrate the worthlessness of Gen. Hooker's re peated assurances to his Government that " he had Gen. Lee just where he wanted him"—" that it was impossible for Gen. Lee either to advance or to fall back." How safely and dexterously this transfer ence has been made your readers are now aware. Nothing shall persuade me that any amount of force which the North can spasmodically throw into the field, backed by all the prestige of the Grand Army of the Potomac and its commander — an army which is believed at this moment not ootff and ob d e numerically superior to Gen. Lee's—can cut prevent wh en he the llikes es a Confederate nd w her where General e froms iinto Virginia, re u r i g should occasion arise. I n the meantime, so long as he is on Pennsylvania n soil the North will be sup porting both armies, to say nothing of the extem porised soldiery thrown into the field by Penn sylvania in her agony, and likely to be throw n ou t of the field by the shriek of the first Parrot shell which bursts over their head. The contempt enter tained by Napoleon's Old Guard, by Wellington's veterans of Orthez or Toulouse for citizen soldiery, could not be more sublime than that which is felt by the tried ragamuffins of Gen. Lee. The actual crossing of the Potomac, which was effected by Generals Lee and Longstreet at Williams. port on the 25th inst., and by various divisions of the Confederate army at the same point, and at Shepherdstown about the same date, had in it much of the enthusiasm which accompanied the last entry of the Confederates into Maryland before the battle of Sharpsburg. It was then the impression of the Southern army that they were entering into the friendly State of Maryland, ground down under the iron heel of a despotic Government, and anxious and willing, upon the first opportu nity, to arise and burst its bonds. But the unmis takeable sympathy of Hagerstown, Boonsboro, Sharpsburg, and other small towns in Western Maryland with the Federals, the jeers and taunts of the women at the expense of the rebels, have taught the latter to expect in the western counties of Maryland no more aid and comfort than would be extended to them in Massachusetts. The men stare gloomily but timidily on the invaders, getting abjectly out of the way as the Confederates stalk through the streets ; and whatever spirit is left in the population finds expression, as usual, from the lips or by the gestures of the women. To-day, as General Hood's division of Texans was passing in front of a house, a young lady showed herself osten. tatiously in front with a small Union flag pinned on her bosom. One of the Texans, with an air of great respect, remarked to her, "You had better lower that flag, madam ; our boys are tigers at breastworks, especially when they mount the Yankee colours." June 30. This day has witnessed a change in our apparent programme. Harrisburg and the Susquehannah are no longer our destination, but reports of the move ments of the grand army of the Potomac, now no longer under the command of General Hooker, bat instrusted, as is rumoured, to General Meade, a Pennsylvanian General lately in command of the sth Corps of the Northern Army, have decided General Lee to turn his face eastward, and confront the only formidable enemy which be has to fear. Our eyes, therefore, are looking unto the hills, which are the continuation of the Blue Ridge which strikes southward from Harper's Ferry across Virginia, whereas the range which we are this day to cross strikes northward, though at a lower elevation and only for a short distance, into Pennyslvania. Upon this same range of hills was fought last autumn the battle of Sharps burg, at a point considerably nearer to the Potomac than the pass which we shall cross to-day, and in a different State. These hills are not unlike a diminu tive Jura, with pretty sylvan scenery interspersed with rich meadows of clover and hay, and watered by small sparkling streams. The population seems almost entirely German, containing in its midst a large Quaker element, with conscientious object tions to war, never so heartily expressed as when it comes to their own threshold. Doubtless the peaceful population of the Cumber land Valley is under the impression that it has seen war in its most terrible aspect, and that nothing which Virginia or any other Southern State has en dured can be compared with the desolation which the Confederate army has left in its track. " 0 for tunati niniium, sua si bona norint!" It is not neces sary to go further than a few miles across the border into Virginia to see bow the Federals make war, and to compare their system with that of General Lee. In a dozen instances in the dozen miles which separate Martinsburg from the Potomac—a region which is rgarded by the Confederates as tainted by the influence of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and strongly Yankee in its sympathies—l noticed large farmhouses and all th. it outhouses and farm buildings given to the flames. " Who destroyed that house ?'' was the first question of every passer by. "The Yankees." " Who lived there ?" "A strong Secessionist." It:is waste of time to talk of rails unive rsa ll y burnt, agricultural instruments destroyed, horses, sheep, and cattle stolen without a word of compensation, havoc and wilful rapine and ravage sown broadcast over Virginia. We are now in Pennsylvania. Every motive whicn ordi narily guides human action prompts to direct re taliation,but here is the programme of General Lee : GENERAL ORDERS, No. 73. Head-quarters, Army o f Northern'.Virginia, Chambersburg, Pennsylv an i a, J une 27. "The Commanding General has observed with marked satisfaction the conduct of the troops on the march, and confidently anticipates results commensurate with the high spirit they have manifested. “N o troops could have displayed greater fortitude, or better performed the arduous marches of the past ten days. " Their conduct in other respects has, with few excep tions, been in keeping with their character as soldiers, and entitles them to approbation and praise. " There have, however, been instances of forgetfulness on the part of some that they have in keeping the yet uns u lli e d reputation of this army, andthat the duties exacted of us by civilisation and Christianity are not less obligatory in the country of the enemy than in our own. "The Commanding General considers that no greater dis grace could befal the army, and, through it, our whole peciple, than the perpetration of the barbarous outrages upon the unarmed and the defenceless, and the wanton destruc tion of private property, that have marked the course of the enemy in our country. " Such proceedings not only degrade the perpetrators and all connected with them, but are subversive of the disci pline and efficiency of the army and destructive of the ends of our present movement. "It must be remembered that we make war only upon e Wrongs our a rmed men, and th a t we canno t t a k e vengea nce for the people have suffered without lowering ourselves is th e eyes of all whose abhorrence has been excited by the atrocities of our enemies, and offending against Him to whom vengeance belonged, without whose favour and sup port our efforts must all prove in vain. "The Commanding General therefore earnestly exhorts the troops to abstain with most scrupulous care from un necessary or wanton injury to private property, and he enjoins upon all officers to arrest and bring to summary punishment all who shall in any way offend against the orders on this subject. It is not too m uc h to sa "R. E that substantially, LEE, General." bstantially, a n d thheegsereatest surprise orders h ave to a hithertoall e ff beecetns rigidly and p n u b rp eyo y es eds., T has been expressed to me by officers trian, Prussian, and English arrnie from the Arts - has now a representative here—.one each hofWhich them (the Prussian) quasi -official, the other two ' Private indi viduals travelling for their own pleasure—that volunteer troops, provoked by nearly 27 months of unparalleled ruthlessness and wantonness of which their country has been the scene, should be under such control and willing to act in harmony with the long - suffering forbearance of President Davis THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 29, 1863. and General Lee. Individual case; of atrocity o f course there have been,,likely, if got hold of by the Northern press, to point many an argument from singular to universal, and to be represented as the invariable rule of action for the rebel army. One solitary case of rape has been reported, certain, as the perpetrator has been caught. to be visited with condign punishment, or, in other words, with death ; two murderers of private indivi , duals, an offset to many dozens of murders inflicted with impunity by the Federals on Southerners. Among them I may mention the case of Mr. Robert E. Scott, of Fanquier County, in Virginia —a man regarded on this continent very much as Mr. Henley is in England, who, efferently to the de light Washington Cabinet, w as rut hl ess l y robbed °1 theedan d murdered by some Yankee stragglers, and likely to be signally avenged by General Lee. But, with these exceptions, th e d amage d one to Pennsylvania consists in the seizure of many horses, cattle, stores, waggons, and much forage, in ex change for which Confederate money has been paid, t b h u e r C nt e , n t n e n d t e r a a s te h e G d o d v e e s r t n r m oy e e n d t . . u N p o n t na beach or, if preferred, receipts h ave b een g i ven in the side a ad m se bo e ef oe thein execrable road which leads from Hagers titoewgnentto-setrheaemt b h e a r s sb b u e r e g n , t a r o b d r d o eand down n k b a y s w tb i e de on a! ward line of horse and foot ; beyond this, damage there has been none, save such as is • d comprise in the plucking of a few cherries from the abundant cherry trees which grow wild in this latitude, and the occasional larceny of a few chickens. To-day a spectacle was witnessed, the like of which, in my belief, has never been exhibited by any great cap. tain during the last 100 years. General Lee wan dered a few yards away from his quarters, and ob served a rail fence girding a field, of which a few rails had been pulled down and a gap into the field opened. With his own hands, and unassisted, he commenced repairing the fence, until at last Dr. Cullen, of General Longstreet's staff, came to his assistance, and together they made good the damage. I am told that whenever he has observed them he has, either personally or through his staff, ordered the rebel blackbirds to desist from pilfering the cherry trees. In the meantime, General Ewell, in commend of the 2d corps of the Confederate army, has swept on to Carlisle, and thence has proceeded eastward to wards York, where he cut the railroad, which con nects Harrisburg and Washington, and I believe encountered a few Pennsylvania militiamen, who ara represented as having emerged from rifle-pits as deep as a well, to discharge one round apiece at their enemy, previous to surrendering, and being, as is reported, contemptuously dismissed, minus shoes and hats, by General Ewell. From York General Ewell has shaped his course southward and westward towards Gettysburg to join the army of General Lee in its advance over the South Moun tain, and to constitute the left wing of that army. It is understood that General Stewart is about to join General Ewell, having made his way out of Virginia, in the immediate neighbourhood of Georgetown, a suburb of Washington, where he is said to have captured 130 waggons, with six horses or mules apiece, and 100 spare horses attached as supernumeraries. The full details of his pas sage through Maryland, which is said to have been extremely successful, have not reached me as yet, but it appears that he cut the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which now only runs to the neighbour hood of Harper's Ferry, and has joined or is about to join General Ewell on the extreme Confederate left, and is likely to be heard of again in the event ful campaign on the threshold of which we are now standing. SUMMER ASSIZES. OXFORD CIRCUIT.—STAFFORD, July 25. CROWN COURT. (Before Mr. Justice Byles.) Sarah Ellis Reece was indicted for the manslaughter of her stepson, W. Ellis Reece, an infant of the age of three years, whose death, it was said, was caused by starvation and violence. Mr. Hill appeared for the prosecution ; Mr. Motteram de fended the prisoner. Some witnesses described the child as greedy and dirty, and as exhibiting signs of starvation and neglected, and further that they heard the prisoner use threatening lan guage to the child, and had seen her strike it. One woman spoke to having suckled the child at a time when it was not under the charge of the prisoner, and to its then being strong and healthy. A little boy, own brother to the de ceased, said that he had seen the prisoner strike the deceased the day before he died, but he remembered also his brother falling downstairs a short time before his death, but he thought be was not then hurt on his head. The surgeon's evidence was to the effect that when he was called in to see the child on the 16th March he found many bruises on the body, particularly on the head. The blows on the head had been recently inflicted ; those on the body were of some standing. Both arms were broken, but death did not result from this injury. When, on the 17th March, he made a post-mortem examination he observed under the forehead extravasated blood flora eight bruises; he also found 3oz, of serum in the ventricles of the brain. The stomach was contracted by reason of want of food. Death was accele rated by violence and ill-treatment, but the child was a diseased child, and had been scrofulous and syphilitic from its birth. The witness said, on cross-examination, that he thought a fall would not account for the injuries he saw, but he would not say it did not cause them. The bruises on the body did not occasion death, and the bruises on the head might not have occasioned it but for the want of food and neglect. The jury found the prisoner Guilty, and The learned Judge sentenced her to penal servi ';ude for life. JULY 27. John Birkin Potter was indicted for wilful and corrupt perjury, committed at the County Court of Staffordshire, at Longten, on the 12th of May last, before Mr. W. Spooner, judge of the court. Mr. Davis and Mr. Motteram were for the prosecution ; and Mr. A. S. Hill was for the defendant. It appeared that a widow named Rowson, a beerhouse keeper, sued the defendant for an ale score, and her daughter-in •law appeared at the County Court to prove the claim. She stated in the course of her evidence that she supplied 14 quarts of ale to the defendant on Christmas-eve, and that three men—Bailey, Hawkins, and Tunis —were with him and shared the ale. The defendant appeared at the Court with his attorney, and was called as a witness in his own behalf, and he denied that he owed any part of the debt, and further swore that he never drunk in the plain tiff's house with Bailey, Hawkins, and Tunis. The learned judge of the court thereupon directed Bailey to be sent for he and other witnesses were examined, and the result was that the defendant was committed for trial on the present charge. The three men in question were now called as wit • nesses for the prosecution, and stated that they were in partnership as potters with the defendant, and they all swot() positively to the fact of being present with him at the beerhouse on Christmas-eve, that he ordered 14 quarts of ale, and that they drank it together. The jury found the prisoner guilty, but strongly recom mended him to mercy, a recommendation in which the pro secutor joined. The learned judge passed a sentence upon him of one year's imprisonment, with hard labour. George Clarke was indicted for wilful and corrupt per jury at a County Court held at Wolverhampton, before Mr. Allan M`Lean Skinner, the judge of the court. Mr. Motteram and Mr. Seeker were for the prosecution ; and Mr. A. S. Hill was for the defendant. It appeared that one George Dennis had been the keeper of a publichouse called the George, in St. James's-square, ef l hho t ru leo e t. hldhtdewaAv furniture, adiailt was purchasedeat e h: v adst a us l mb u pspi e rer and i r l.qauf orn, Altree auctioneer became thenamed pu r e Altree, ha s e s of andth e Wolverhampton, and, wishing to dispose of the business, he stocktantlhyadasso Pounds,te Il ff ldl e c s: c oot to s, on at ot tnhn one Paisley hp2tehd possessiona o p i os i lf i 2e c D9y e t December, f reoon ax f f Nbli. the 31eo50;:, wvah e t h o neoh n m e nda s e r bt u oe e subject to a deduction of a few George had been taken by Altree on the 29th of November, and was given up by him to Paisley on the 2d of December, but, inasmuch as the ale stock was reserved, Altree had it moved between 7 and 10 o'clock on the night of the 2d of December. Disputes had, however, arisen between Dennis and Altree, and in the end Dennis put Altree in the County Court on a plaint for £5O damages in trover, for, among other articles, certain ale, and it then became a question whether Altree had removed any ale from the George before the 2d of December. Upon the hearing of this plaint the G m e o o r r n g i e n t go, the Altree's3oth defendant was called as a witn ess for Dennis, and swor e th at he saw ale being rolled away the fre November ; that Altree's man and another man we removing wrong at the George to be rolling away ale at that time of Sunday a e y night; that Altree's man then said, " We are robbing the it, that he had made the remark that there something was learnedjudge for something,and the man said no more. The. _ George of ale," and that Altree was standing by ; he shouted . of the County Court ultimately gavejadgment for the plaintiff for £6. This prosecution has since been instituted. Altree negatived all the assignments of injury, and stated that he and his daughter and Dennis's daughter all left the till e ff e G eorge about twelve o'clock on the night in question ; owreOnto 'e h l o o m ek e th i l id net morning; that thr before he left he locked up the George; that the his h and tahnadt that he dhied neithernot get t leftup euee dining the night, nor did he part with his keys. His daughter was catied, and corroborated her father. Per kin's, Altree's man at the time in question, stated that ho was in the George when Altree locked it up and left it on the night of the 29th, and that he went to bed soon after, and did not get up till about half-past 7in the morning, and therefore did not roll away ale with anybody on that night; but that he did do so between 7 and 10 on the night of the following Tuesday the 2d of December. It was con tended for the prisoner that it was an undoubted fact that ale was rolled away from the George in the night time by Altree and his man, and that a mere mistake in the parti cular night would not constitute perjury ; that though Per kins was called it did not follow that Altree had not another man who might have been engaged in roiling ale on the night of the 29th ; and that, if so, there was no corrobora • Live proof in denial of the defendant's evidence, and that the daughter's evidence really amounted to nothing. The jury found the prisoner not guilty. " ' " This case concluded the business of these assizes. NORTHERN CIRCUIT.—NEWCASTLE, July 27. (Before Mr. Justice Mellor.) James Anderson, aged 22, and Wm. Richardson, aged 30, both blacksmiths, were charged with assaulting and robbing James Cronabie, at Wallsend, on the night of the 18th April last, and stealing from him £33 3s. in gold and diver. Mr. Davison prosecuted, and Mr. C. Foster defended the prix :nets. It appeared that Mr. Crombie kept a shop near Walls, nd quay, and lived about a mile off, and that his custom was on Saturday r ights to leave his shop about 10 o'clock and walk home, taking with him the contents of his till. On the night of the 18th of April he thus left his shop, and was walking home with his shop door key in his hand and about £27 in gold in his trousers' pocket, and about £5 10s. in silver. On arriving near his home there is a by-path, through a ropery-walk, which is a near cut to his house, and he went by this path. He had not proceeded far when he saw two men before him walking the same way. He passed them and immediately received a violent blow on the head with some weapon which knocked him down ; the men then got upon him, and tore from his pocket a pound of ground coffee which he was taking home, which they stuffed into his mouth and eyes, s e izing him at the same time by the throat. He was nearly choked, and in his struggles he struck one of the men on the face with the door key which was in his hand, wounding him under the left eye. He be came at last exhausted, and begged them to spare his life and take his money. They then tore open his trousers and pulled out the pocket containing his money, with which they made off. On the ground they left a weapon called a Mor gan rattler—a bludgeon made with gutta pereha loaded with lead—and a piece of cloth torn apparently from a coat in the struggle. The prosecutor gave a description of the men who had attacked him, and on this and other information the prisoners were taken into custody. The prosecutor swore positively to Anderson being one of the men. He had then his whiskers; he was now close shaved. He believed the other man to be Richardson, but he would not swear to him. In the first instance a man named Hackson, who had once been convicted, was visited by the police, and suspicion at taching to him, he a week after the robbery stated that one day, a fortnight before the robbery, the prisoner Richard son, whom he had not known before, asked him if he would join in a good thing. On asking what it was, Richardson said, "It was to rob Mr. Crombie as he left his shop with his money en Saturday night, and that he had got two Mor gan rattlers, and it was all right." The witness did not go. It was also shown that Richardson when taken into custody had a wound under his left eye, which his sister had poul ticed for him the morning after the robbery at Newcastle. It was further shown that the coat worn by Anderson when taken into custody corresponded in quality and colour with the piece of cloth found, which it was suggested had been torn from the sleeve. Both prisoners were at work at the time at the works of Mr. Lester, the iron shipbuilder on the Tyne. For the defence it was contended that Mr. Crombie's opportunities of observing the prisoners were limited. The prisoners were both in work, and no money had been traced to them. The story told by Hackson was a most impro bable one, and evidently told to shield himself from sus picion. His conduct in the matter and his past reputation rendered him unworthy of credit, and the description given by Mr. Crombie of one of the men who robbed him more closely resembled this witness than the prisoners. Witnesses were then called to prove an alibi, showing that both pri• soners had been in Newcastle on the night of the robbery, drinking at a publichoase till 9 o'clock, and Anderson was met in Newcastle at half-past 9, and Richardson took a lodging at 10, and went to bed soon after ; this being 41 miles from the scene of the robbery, which took place about half-past 10. The landlady of the lodgings, however, did not observe that Richardson had any wound on his face, nor next morning when he left ; but there was no doubt that next morning his sister had dressed a wound on his face. In reply the learned counsel for the prosecution contended that the Saturday night when he lodged in Newcastle must have been some other Saturday night, otherwise the land lady must have observed the wound on his face if there was one then ; and it was not shown how he got the wound his sister dressed, which it was contended had been made by the prosecutor with the key. His lordship having summed up, the jury, after an ab sence of half an hour, returned a verdict of Guilty. His lordship sentenced Anderson, against whom there was a previous conviction, to 12 years', and Richardson to 10 years' penal servitude. HOME CIRCUIT.—MAIDSTONE, July 28. CIVIL COURT. (Before Air. Baron Bramwell.) PRESCHER V. PECHTER. This was an action by the husband of a lady engaged as a ballet-dancer by the well-known actor and manager of the Lyceum Theatre for dismissing her before the expiration of the season. The defendant denied the engagement for a season, and that was the question in dispute. Mr. Sergeant Ballantine and Mr. Laxton were for the plaintiff; Mr. Hawkins, Q.C., and Sir G. Honyman were for the defendant. It appeared that there are other similar actions pending, The lady herself being examined as a witness stated that she had been engaged for the season by defend an t' s manager, at a Balm y of X 1 a-week. This was in January, and she had continued to dance at the theatre in the " Duke's Motto" until the 22d of May last, when she received a letter from the manager to the effect that her services would not an y longer be required after the expiration of a week endi ng on the 29th of May. Ste said the theatrical sewn would last eight or nine months. The theatre was still open, and the " Duke's Motto" was still b eing performed. Cross-examined — She said she was first engaged by a Mr. Pettit. She asked him for an engagement. He direc'ed the ballet entirely. She danced before him, and he engaged her. He told her she was "engaged at the theatre." That was all that then passed. After that she saw Mr. Barnett, the treasurer. That was a fortnight afterwards. There was no written engagement. There had been no complaint to her of her dancing, but Mr. Pettit was a l ways complaining of the ballet. She denied that he ever told her he should have to give her notice. She took her salary every week from Mr. Barnett. She saw him after her dismissal, and told him when she saw him that she was engaged for the season, to which he assented. She denied that she asked him to intercede for her. She showed him the letter of dismissal, and he seemed to know nothing abeut it. Several other young ladies, dismissed by Mr. Pechter, had brought actions. Tnere was no fixed time for a season, but the time she had stated was usual with a good theatre. Re. examined—She said she saw Mr. Barnett on the 24th of May, having had the letter of dismissal on the 23d. She was in the " regular" ballet. The house was still open and filling every night. This was the plaintiff's case: For the defence Mr. Pettit was called and denitd that the engagement was expressed to be for the season, and Kr. Barnett was also called, and swore that when nothing was said about the duration of the engagement it was by the usual understanding terminable by a week's notice. The young ladies who had been dismissed had been, he said, replaced by others. As to the alleged conversation with the plain tiff, he denied that he ever said she was engaged for a season, and he said she only expressed her regret at her dis missal. The season was till the 7th of August. Cross-examined—He said he might have said that he would use his influence to obtain her re-instatement. Re-examined—He swore positively that he had said nothing to the effect that her engagement was for the season. Mr. Oscar Byrne, who said he had been ballet. master for 40 years and in the profession 60 years, stated that ballet dancers who were really au fait had written engagements, and there was an understanding that others might go at a week's notice, and might be dismissed at such notice. Cross-examined—The witness said he was sure all the ballet dancers were well:aware of this as the usage. Pressed, however, as to what he should do in the case of a young lady not previously engaged at a regular theatre, he said he should tell her of it. Mr. Sergeant Ballantine, in reply, said his learned friend knew a great deal of these matters, and he himself knew something of them—from reading. (Great laughter.) And he argued that it was pretty plain the lady had never been engaged for the season, and he urged this especially, because it was more probable that she should recollect the matter more correctly than the manager, who had so many other matters to attend to. And, as to the alleged complaints about the lady's dancing, why everybody knew—at least his learned friend knew—that ladies were not engaged merely for their legs, but a little also for their looks. (Laughter.) The learned Baron, in summing up the case to the jury, said it was scandalsus that the action should have been brought down therd for trial. In the first place, even taking the young lady's account of the matter, so far as the con , tract was concerned, it seemed to be placed beyond a doubt by Mr. Barnett's evidence that the season would end on the 7th of August, and as the engagement was only at £1 a week the damages would in any view be less than £2O. The case, therefore, might have been tried in the county court, and even if the action were in the superior courts it need not have been brought down there for trial, but might have been tried in London, thus avoiding the very serious expense of the maintenance of the parties and wit nesses at the assizes, and the cost of travelling down to that town. The attorney for the plaintiff had brought the case down there for trial for purposes of his own,or in the hope of deterring the defendant from resisting the claim ; because be might far better have paid the demand than defended the action,even if he succeeded, unless he could recover his costs, which he might not be able to do. It was too bad that such small cases should be brought down for trial at the assizes at such heavy expense to the parties. However, it did not appear that for this the plaintiff was responsible, and it ought not, of course, to prejudice their decision, As to this, there was no doubt a great deal of force in the ob- servation of the learned serjeant, that the lady was more likely to recollect the matter than the manager. On the other side, there was strong contradictory evidence, and many confirmatory circumstances, especially the evidence of Mr. Byrne. It was very true that, as the learned ser geant had observed, ballet dancers were not engaged merely for their dancing—(a laugh)—but then, on the other hand, juries were not unlikely to be influenced by the looks of a pretty girl in the witness- box—(laughter) —and they must be ou their guard against such influences, and be careful to give a verdict only according to the evidence. The jury, after some consideration, found their verdict for the defendant. MIDLAND CIRCUIT.—LINCOLN, July 28, Nisi PRIUS COURT. (Before the Lord Chief Justice of England and Specia Juries.) MOORE AND ANOTHER V. FLETCHER. This was an action for money lent and fur interest. Mr. Macaulay, Q.C., Mr. Sergeant Hayes, and Mr. Field were for the plaintiffs; and Dir. Roden, Q. 0., and Mr. Flowers far the defendant. The plaintiffs are the executors of a Mr. Moore, and in this action they sought to recover a sum of £BO5, lent by their testator at different times to the defendant. Mr. Moore had been a farmer, but in 1843, being then advanced in years, he went to live with his brother-in-law, a Mr. Lake, of Little Steeping, and retired from business. He had about £7,000 or £B,OOO, which he lent out at interest to different persons. He rarely took any security for the sums so lent, but merely caused the borrower to sign a me morandum acknowledging the receipt of the money. Soon after he went to live with Lake the latter died, but Moore continued to live in the same house with his niece, Lake's daughter, who acted as his housekeeper. At this time the defendant was in the habit of visiting Miss Lake as a suitor, but Moore seems to have disappr Ned the intimacy. In consequence of this disapproval Moore and his niece sepa rated, and she ultimately married the defendant. Moore removed to Mareham-le-fen, and lived there till his death in October of last year, at the age of 94. Soon after the defendant's marriage with Miss Lake their relations with Moore seem to have improved, and in 1853 the defendant had received £196 of the testator, for part of which he had given a note, and for the rest merely a memorandum in writing. By the end of 1858 this amount was increased to £629, and at the time of the testator's death it amounted to £BO5, the sum sought to be recovered. Atter the testators death there was found a memorandum among his papers in the defendant's hand writing containing the amount of each separate advance, and the date at which it was made, and on the back of the paper there was, also in the defendant's handwriting, a note of the payment of £26 4s. 9d. by way of interest in 1854, and a further sum of £8 expressed to be paid as half a year's interest on the 12th of December, 1861. The executors thereupon wrote to the defendant to ask for payment of this sum of £BO5 and interest, or for some se curity. The defendant replied in a letter dated the 27th of November, 1362, in which he said that he " owed neither principal nor interest, as Moore gave him it several years ago." The executors being dissatisfied with this reply instructed Mr. Babington, of Horncastle, to write to the de fendant, but got no answer. In April, 1863, they instructed Mr. Bean, of Boston, to ask for payment, and received a letter from Mr. Toynbee, of Lincoln, stating that the money had been given by Moore to the defendant with the under standing that he was to pay 2 per cent. interest for it so long as Moore lived. The defendant's case was that his wife, Moore's niece, had a small freehold which was subject to a mortgage for about £750, and that it was arranged between him and Moore that the money was to be given to the defendant to pay off this mortgage, but that the defendant should pay Moore 2 per cent, upon it by way of acknowledgment until his death. The defendant had always kept down the interest on the mortgage but did not pay off the principal till the summer of last year. In support of his case he produced a book, which purported to contain entries of his transactions with Moore ; but these entries did not follow one another in chronological order, and several leaves had been torn out of the book. The defen dant's wife had been present at the time when some of these sums were advanced, but was not called as a witness, al though Mr. Macaulay, in opening the plaintiff's case, had challenged the defendant to put her into the witness-box. The jury returned a verdict for the plaintiffs for the full amount claimed. WESTERN CIRCUIT.—ExETER, July 28. (Before Mr. Justice Willes.) Ellen Mailes was indicted for the manslaughter of John Chapple, at Wolborough, on the 30th of June. Mr. Holdsworth was counsel for the prosecution, and Mr. Folkard for the prisoner. It appeared that on the 30th of June John Chapple went to his house and sat down at a table. The prisoner lived in an adjoiaing house, and she went into the deceased's house and sat down behind the door. Chapple ordered her out of the house, and he got up and went towards her to put her out. He caught her by the hand, and she got hold of him by the throat. A scuffle ensued, and Chapple got hold of the prisoner's hair, which he twisted round his hand. They went all round the kitchen, the prisoner sticking Chapple several times in the stomaoh and neck. A person who saw the affray tried to separate them, and said, " The man is dying." He never spoke again, and died the same night. The deceased was in a delicate state of health. A surgeon was called in. He found the deceased in bed and undressed ; he was then in a dying state. Apoplexy was the cause of his death, which might have been brought on by the excitement of the struggle. The brain was quite a pulp. The jury, after having retired for 20 minutes, found the prisoner guilty, but strongly recommended her to mercy on the ground of the provocation she had received. She was sentenced to one month's imprisonment with hard labour. James Bragg was indicted for a burglary in the house of Ann Boundy, and with stealing therefrom £2 in money, some knives, and other articles, at Colebrook, on the 28th April. Mr. C. A. Turner prosecuted, and Mr. Cox defended the prisoner. On going down stairs on the morning of the 28th April, it was discovered that Mrs. Boundy s house had been broken open; the shop had been entered, and £2 odd taken out of the till, and several knives and other articles had been taken away. There was blood on the window through which the burglar had enticed. To bring the offence home to the pri soner, it was shown that he was late out on the night before the burglary. The next day the prisoner was seen by the police with blood on his smockfrock and trousers. This created suspicion, and the policeman took him into custody, and, upon searching him, found most of the stolen pro perty in his possession. The prisoner was found guilty, and was sentenced to seven years' penal servitude, Elizabeth Thomas was indicted for the wilful murder of her female child, not named, at Devonport, on the 2d of July. Mr. Cox prosecuted, and Mr. Lopez defended the pri soner. This was one of those painful cases of which we had one at Dorchester last week. The facts were very simple and were not disputed, and the only question was the state of mind of the prisoner at the time the unhappy act was com mitted. The prisoner was a married woman, having a hus band and four children, the youngest of whom was only three weeks old. On the Ist of July the prisoner, who always evinced great affection for her children, was observed suck ling her infant, and performing for it a mother's offices. The prisoner's brother, named Dyer, lodged in the pri soner's house. He came down early in the morning of the 2d of July and went into the prisoner's room. Tho hus band was in bed asleep. The prisoner was not there, but her brother saw the baby lying on the rug on the floor with its throat cut. James Dyer was called. He said—l went into the pri soner's room before 6 o'clock that morning. The husband was in bed asleep. I saw the body on the rug. I looked at it, and saw that its throat was cut. My sister was not there. I went to the door, and saw my sister coming up stairs with a pitcher of water. I said, " Oh, Elizabeth, what have you done to the baby ?" She looked at me very innocently, and said, " I have cut its throat." She went into the room and sat down on achair, and seemed like some one lost. I said, " Oh, Elizabeth, what did you do this for ?" She said, " I dont know." I said, " What did yo u do it with ?" She said , "A razor ;" and she reached it i from the table. She said she had been working hard all night, and thought she should kill all in the house. I then went for a surgeon. When I came back the child was just dying. The prisoner said, " The Lord has forsake n me, and the Devil has gained the mastery over me. Oh, why did he order me to wean the child ? I tried to do it two or three times. I got out of bed in the night , and first I thvught I would do it, and then I though t I lw would not do it, but some one said She mu s t d o it . ' thou ght I was going to die, and that th e c hil d had better die first." I remained, and she told me to pnt everything out of her reach, for fear she might kill some one else. Some time before this she said she thought she and her husband were going to die, and that the children would come to the work house. Cross-examined—Mr. Cole, the surgeon, had told her if she did not wean the child it would wean her. She had always been a good and affectionate mother to her ehildren, and a good wife. She had lost her mother and two children wain the year. There had been insanity in the family. Other witnesses were called, who spoke of the prisoner as having been a particularly good and affectionate mother. They had observed a great change in her manner of late. The Judge said it was perfectly clear that this poor woman had acted under a delusion that she was doing some thing for her child's good by sending it to a better world. The jury acquitted the prisoner on the ground of insanity, and she was ordered to be detained during her Majesty's pleasure. Thomas Christopher Cope was indicted for bigamy. The prisoner pleaded " Guilty." Mr. Carter said he appeared to defend the prisoner. The fact was that the prisoner had been separated from his first wife by a legal deed of separation, and people in that class of life believed that that was tantamount to a judgment of the Divorce Court. The Judge asked if the second wife was here. Mr. T. W. Saunders, who appeared for the prosecution, said he should like to call the 'first wife to explain the facts. Mr. Justice Willes—l am surprised to hear a learned Judge propose to do such a thins. _ _ Mr. Carter said the fact was thA the second wife knew of the first marriage and of the separation. Mr. Saunders said the first wife had £3OO, and the pri soner had broken open the drawer and taken the money and spent it. Mr. Carter said that was not evidence, and that the Re corder of Bath ought to have known. Mr. Justice Willas said, as no evidence was called, the case must be left in the hands of the Court, and he should sentence the prisoner to be imprisoned with hard labour for six weeks. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, 'PINES.—The elevation or Mr. Monckton Milnes to the Peerage by the title of Baron Houghton will take no one by surprise. His name has more than once been designated for this honour in rumours of that kind which are officially called premature, and has been favourably received by the public. Few people would agree beforehand as to the precise theory upon which the ranks of our hereditary . nobility should be recruited; but there is a sort of tacit understanding in high quarters, to which the country is more or less privy, which generally ex cludes uefit randidates, if it does not always secure the promotion of the worthiest. The popular text books of our Constitution inform us that the grand prize of hereditary nobility is reserved for the greatest ornaments of the House of Commons, the heads of the legal profession, and officers who have earned it by eminent achievements by land or sea. Practically, we know that it is not so, and that in dividuals who have none of those titles in a trans cendent degree sometimes find their way into the Upper House, and, what is more, prove very useful members of it. Here, as elsewhere, it is a combine tion of qualities which is in request, and the fortu nate possessor of this combination not only wins favour and success but frequently justifies it. This is exactly Mr. Monekten Milne's case. To a high social position and sufficient wealth he unites an honourable literary reputation, a long political ex perience, and a good deal of that prestige which is the joint result of recognised ability and character. In what may be called the secondary questions of politics, and in the semi-political questions which are better discussed outside the House of Commons than within its walls, he has taken a very active and influential part. Until lately there were few persons in Parliament who felt so warm an interest in continental politics, or who had anything like the same acquaintance with them, and very few in deed who had thought and written so much about such matters as national education, sanitary reform, and the treatment of criminals. These merits and accomplishments are not the el e m en t s o f Parliamentary fame, but they are of great value in themselves, and certainly contribute to . adorn a seat in th e H ouse o f L or d s . M r. Manes does not belong to the highest rank of poets, or statesmen, or philanthropists, or econo mists, but he is enrolled as a working member in all of these classes, and has done a greater amount of good service for the publi c th an many more conspicuous men. To this rather than to any claims upon the gratitude of the Liberal party, we must attribute the choice of the Premier. It has no political significance whatever. Mr. Monckton Milnes's temperament is not that of a partisan, and his seat has been too secure to make it necessary for him to profess uncompro mising adhesion to any political leader. Perhaps his career has been as nearly independent as that of any of his contemporaries that can be named, and the difficulty of counting on his vote must have given successive whippers-in on both sides a good deal of trouble. When he was called a Liberal Conservative he never conformed to the traditional policy of Conservatism, and when he became a Conservative Liberal he was constantly rebelling against party discipline and taking up some line of his own. When there was an open breach in the Liberal camp between the followers of Lord Rus sell and those of Lord Palmerston, Mr. Mines sided with the latter; but when a fresh issue was raised on the Conspiracy Bill, he was found both speaking and voting against his late chief. In his subsequent conduct he has shown similar insubordi nation,especial ly on the famous measure for the aboli tion of the East India Company. Opinions may well differ as to the wisdom of this course of action, but Mr. Milnes is at least entitled to the credit of it as a proof that he does not owe his peerage to poli tical subserviency. If he cannot be said to deserve it as Wellington and Brougham deserved it, he deserves it far better than moat of the country gen tlemen who have been ennobled by virtue of terri torial influence. DAILY NEws.—Simultaneously with the proro gation of Parliament is announced the death of a Peer who of late had taken a conspicuous part in its deliberations. The Marquis of Normanby will not be remembered as a statesman. He, however, filled a number of the most important offices in the State, and obtained the distinctions which we are accustomed to consider the reward of eminent pub• lie merit. He was in succession Governor of J maica, Lord Privy Seal, Lord-Lieutenant of Ire land, a Secretary of State, and Ambassador at Paris; and as marks of the favour of his Sovereign he re ceived the Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath and the coveted Garter, besides an accession of rank in the Peerage, having inherited only the title of an earl. The circumstances and interests in connexion with which the late Marquis is best known to the majority of the newspaper readers of to-day are so different from those amongst which be established his title to the gratitude of the Whigs, acknow ledged in his honours and promotions, that some explanation is necessary to make his possession of them intelligible. There can be no doubt that at Dublin, where he was able to make himself very popular—being accepted. on O'Connell's recommen, dation, as " the best Englishman Ireland ever saw"—he was exceedingly useful to the Government of the day. In no other position, however, can it be said that ho achieved any remarkable success ; and it is only on the supposition of personal merits greater than any which can be submitted to the vulgar judgment, but nevertheless known and ap preciated by those who guard the fountain of hon our, that the favours accumulated upon him can be accounted for. On this high and mysterious ground, however, our readers can have no desire to trespass. The noble lord's early Parliamentary career was promising. He was the ardent advocate of Liberal measures in the unreformed House of Commons, and stood up manfully for Catholic Emancipation and Parliamentary Reform when to do so was not an idle pastime. The declension which made him in his latter days the equally earnest advocate of the deposed Princes of Italy, and of that Prince under whose yet remaining throne the marauders of Naples find shelter, is a political phenomenon too common among our noble Liberals to deserve special reprobation. POST.--Yesterday's American mail brings us no tidings of importance respecting the movements of the Federal and Confederate armies in Virginia. Lee has proceeded unmolested in the direction of his old camping ground to the rear of Fredericksburg, and the line of the Rappahannock is by this time once more defended by a Southern army. Meade has not yet followed his opponent across the Poto mac, and some weeks, if not months, may probably elapse before the rival armies once more meet on the battlefield. I❑ New York, the riots which oc casioned so serious a sacrifice of life and so great a destruction of property, have not yet been brought to a close. In Staten Island, in the vicinity of the city, the depot and water-station have been de stroyed, the negro shanties have been burnt, and many of the occupants slaughtered in cold blood. Between the military and the citizens several colli sions have taken place, in which many lives were lost on both sides. On the morning of the 17th inst. quiet was said to have been restored, bat, as it would appear, mainly through the instrumentality of a large military force which had been despatched to the assistance of the civic authorities by the Go vernment at Washington. The direction which the course of the war in Anrerica has recently taken makes it more difficult than ever to speculate on the possible period of its termination. The final result is as little enveloped in doubt as it has hitherto been. The Southern Confederacy has made a more successful if not a more gallant stand against Northern aggression than even its warmest friends at this side of the Atlantic at first anticipated. As for ourselves, we admitted that the Southern States might be overrun by the armies of the North, though we denied the possibility of holding in military sue jection a population of six millions spread over so vast an extent of territory as that comprised within the area of the seceded States. The success which has attended the Southern efforts to secure indepen dence has been so great as to be well-nigh inexplica ble. At every point of its extensive confines the in fant Confederacy has gallantly, if not in all cases suc cessfully, resisted the numerous and well-appointed armies employed to invade it. With ports blockaded by a hostile fleet, and with but slender means for providing from its own resources munitions of war, the South found itself obliged to equip gigantic armies. It was not, however, daunted by what to many would Lave seemed a hopeless task. It SUS ceeded ; its armies took the field, and, in almost every instance in which they came iu collision with the more numerous and better appointed battalions of the North, the former proved victorious. With out a navy the South has succeeded in retaining possession of its fortified seaports, and has with but two or three privateers inflicted considerable damage on the Northern mercantile marine. Until three weeks since, a Confederate garrison retained possession of a town on the banks of the Mississippi against the combined operations of a large army and an efficient fleet. In the south-east, Federal armies' have been unable, f or upwards of two years, to do more than effect loeg rnents on the coast which. have been unproductive of any practical advantages. In Virginia, and on the Northern frontier, the operations of the Southern armies have been most and successful. The capitals of the two F e derations are only 12 ,0 miles apart, and on the intery g ground hay a been fought th e m ost ter rib s ba,etles of the preset et war. Over chat narrow strip r to 'rritory the am lies of the North have never yet b ee , u. ble to force their way. Four different times, under as many different generals, h, s the attempt been le lade' but always with the same success. Nor he s the South been content with sim i..on. Twice have it s f orces crosse d "and furnish e d th emse l ves w ith t p h ly e Northern re peiling i f u ro v n u ' tie supplies from the Nor, 'kern States. Within the last montiz has a Southern a. etny penetrated many wiles to the rear of Washington . and, after having fought vs a bloody th oug h un eluting three consecutive cia, decisive battle with the picke, l army of the North, retired laden with spoil, and a float entirely unmo lasted by those who in irony alon e ' could be termed its pursuers. That Gen, Le e w ill . e nee more place himself on the defensive, and content himself with covering the asenroaches to Richmond, .irse‘re can be little doubt. It is, however, oy no mean's c.'ear that the Federal Government will be in a conditio, ito re new with any prospects of success the invas,'on of Virginia. The Northern population has now been pretty well drained of ail those whom love of excite ment or desire for plunder could it, duce to join the Federal ranks_ Although the respective numbers of the populations of the North and ,South are vastly disproportionate, still the refusal of the former to , submit to a conscription, vehich has been long since assented to by the latter, places then; on nearly equal terms. The Northern President has by this time enrolled as many soldiers as he is likely to obtain, whereas the Chief Magistrate of the South can with ease fill up the vacancies which recent losses have occasioned in his rank's. General Aleade will not without reinforcements be able to do 'more than make a feint of invading Virginia. The cur• render of Vicksburg will enable General Grant an employ his army elsewhere, but then it must he' recollected that a large number of the regiments composing it have alinoet eemp'leted their period of. service, and will, at the expir teflon of that time, demand their discharge. The same remark applies to a considerable portion of the troops composing the Army of the Potomac. It is not probable, there fore, that the Federal Government will be able to turn their successes in the West to practical account, so the prospect of annihilating the Southern armies, or of subjugating the Southern pcpulation, must be considered as remote as before. We ite'e now its the third year of the war, and, except where great rivers have afforded access to fleets of gunboats, the North has made but few territorial acquisitions within the limits of the Southern Confederation. The border State of Virginia still remains in pos session of the South, and the Potomac now, as two years since, marks the boundary line on the north east between the Federal and Confederate territory. Those who still fondly cling to the belief that the North is warring for the abolition of elavery would do well to mark the incidents which ottended the recent popular demonstrations in New York. The negroes, wherever met, were indiscriminately sacrificed to the fury of the mob. On the 15th of the present month not a coloured man was to be seen in the commercial capital of those States which we are told are exhausting their treasure and the lifeblood of their citizens in order to effect the emancipation of the negro race , . But why' were they not visible ? They had fled and concealed themselves through a not unfounded apprehension of being massacred by their friends. The instieu tion of slavery may in one sense be considered Ulf) cause of the present war ; and as the citizens of the North curse the war, they equally curse those who , have been the involuntary cause of it. The Free States have emancipated their slaves but they have never stripped them of their servile character. In theory, a negro in New York is as free as an Anglo- American, but in practice he still remains no better than a attire. The negroes who were slaughtered in the streets of New York were identified with , and accepted as the representatives of the slaves of the Southern States, and treated as the latter would be treated if the North was in the ascendent—that .ie to say, got rid of. We do not suggest that the Federal Government would slaughter the coloured population of the South—but they would deport them to Liberia or elsewhere. " The question," par excellence, in America is how to dispose of the negro population. This question in the South admits of easy solution. There, a negro is a slave, but he pos sesses a recognised status, and has the strongest pos sible claims to care , and attention at his master's hands. In the North, on the other hand, a negro is free; but in the best of times he is the pariah of so ciety, and at a period of commotion is hunted to death like a beak of prey. Should the accounts of the recent riots in New York reach the plantations of the South, we doubt extremely if a slave in the latter would willingly exchange his condition for that of a free citizen in the commercial capital of the Union. COUNTRY MARKETS. LEEDS—TUESDAY. To-day the demand for wheat was not so good as on Friaay. Sales, however, made progress at that day's quo tations. Other articles were about the same. MARKET HARBOROUGH—TuEsDAY. White wheat, 47 s to 538 ; red, 44s to 48s per 36 stone. Malting barley at —s to —s per qr. ; grinding, 28s to 31s per 30 st. Oats, old, 24s to 27s ; new, 19s to 22s per 24 st. ; beans, 38s to 42s per qr. LIVERPOOL-TUESDAY. At our market to-day there was a small attendance both, of millers and dealers, and wheat experienced a slow sale, at a reduction of Id per cental on Friday's prices. Fine fresh samples of flour command late rates; inferior slow. Indian corn was in moderate &mind, and 3d per qr down. Oats and oatmeal in fair request. Barley and peas un changed. NEWCASTLE-TUESDAY. A model ate supply of wheat, and the trade was by no means brisk, but on the whole an average amount of busi ness was done, at the prices of last week. Other articles as of late. Old white wheat..s4s to 60s f Old red wheat„ .53s to 56s New do. 50 8 t o 56 s I New do. ..45s to 50s Malting barley....37s to 42s I Oats 228 to 30a Grinding d0.....208 to 32s I Beans 3ss to 45a SHEFFIELD-TUESDAY. Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial bushels...lBs Od to 19s Od white » , ...20s Od to 21s Od New red , , ...16s Od to 17s Od New white )9 ,) ...18s Od to 19s Od Beans ' ~ ), ... 16s Od to 19s Od Peas, per qr ............ 458 Od to 56s Od Grinding barley, per qr 30s Od to 32s Od Malting ditto, ~ ..... 34s Od to 38s Od Oats » 2os Od to 27s Od Flour, is 7d to 2s Od per stone. MELTON MOWBRAY —TUESDAY. The following were the currencies :—New white wheat, 46s Od to 52s Od; new red, 42s Od to 47s per 36 stone; beans, 36s to 40s for old; new sorts, —s to —s per 38 at. ; barley, —s to ---s for malting, and 28s to 31s per qr. for grinding; now oats, 20s to 25s Od per 24 stone. Around here harvest prospects still continue very cheering. ---- [ADVERTISEMENT.]—HoIIoway's Ointment and Pills.-- All whose maladies have been of long duration, and whose pains are still severe and excruciating, should read the truthful and authentic evidence of patients who have been cured byHolloway's remedies after their cases had been con sidered perfectly hopeless. Sores, ulceration, sprains, con traction of the muscl es an d j o i n t s, white swellings, scrofu lous tumours, scurvy, and scrofula, are some of the serious, disfiguring, and vexatious ailments remediable by these medicaments. To all such sufferers, Holloway's prepara tions will afford a last chance of obtaining ease and redeem ing health. All victims of varicose veins and swelled ankles are earnestly entreated, on reading this, to avail themselves without delay of an opportunity of restoration which may never occur again. Births, Fox.—On the 25th inst., at Cork, the Hon. Mrs. Lane Fox, of a daughter. MONCK.—On the 24th inst., at Dublin, the wife of the Hon. R. Monck, Coldstream Guards, of a son. REID. — On the 26th inst., at Farnham, the wife of Captain Francis Reid, 6th Dragoon Guards, of a son. WALKER.—On the 25th inst., in Charlotte-square, Edin burgh, the Lady Juliana Walker, of a daughter. Marriages. CLEMENT—CASSELL.— On the 25th inst., at St. Mathew's, Brixton, Frederick John, third son of the late Wil Clem-nt, Esq., of Dulwic'h, to Maria Matilda, the secon d daughter of G eorge Cassell, Esq., Brixton. O'NEILL—REID.—On the 28th inst., at St. Marylebone, Colonel William O'Neill, of 11.111.'8 Servize, to Florinda, fourth daughter of Alexander Reid, Esq., 3, Pembtoke terrace, Pembroke -road, Dublin. Deaths. BELLEW.--At Mount Bellew, co. Galway, Thomas Arthur Grattan Bellew, Esq., aged 38. DA SHWOOD.--On the 26th inst.. sudddnly, George Astley Charles Dashwood, Esq., late Captain 71st Highlanders, aged 43. DOWNES.—On the 26th inst., at Bert House, Athy, co. Kildare, General Lord Downes, G.C.8., aged 75. FOLEY.—On the 27th inst., in Great Stanhope-street, Mayfair, the Dowager Lady Folby, aged 78. JOHNSON. —On the 25th inst., at Highworth, Wilts, Captain Willes Johnson, R.N., M.P. LINDSAY.—On the 25th inst., at Early Bank, Perth, Lady Lindsay. MORNINGTON.—On the 25th inst., at Paris, the Earl of Mornington, aged 49. NORMANBY.—Oxithe 28th inst., at Hamilton Lodge, South Kensington, Constantine Henry, Marquis of Normanby, K.G. and G.C.8., aged 66. London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDREWS. of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE Sox Office, No. 112 , Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County of Middlesex.—Wednesday, July 29 , 1863.