The Sun. — London, England, 1864-07-20 00:00:00

IM'ERIAL P HOUSE OF LORDS.—Last Evening. The LORD CHANCELLOR took his seat on the woolsack at five o'clock. PRIVATE BUSINESS. The following bills were read a third time and passed : Lord Lil ford's Estate—Arden's Estate —Peterborough, Wisbeach, and Sutton Railway-3.letropolitan and St. John's Wood Railway—Kingsbridge Railway—Scottish Central Railway (Stations)—East Glaucestershire Railway —Lancaster Canal Transfer—and Swansea Vale and Neath and Brecon Junction Railway. FOREIGN AFFAIRS. The Earl of CARNARVON gave notice on the part of his noble friend not now in his place (supposed to be the Earl of Ellenborough) that on Tuesday, the 2Gth, he would call attention to the changes that had taken place in the state of foreign affairs since the meeting of Parliament. THE SLAVE TRADE IN THE PACIFIC. Lord BROUGHAM presented a petition from Sydney in New South Wales, expressing their indignation at the continuance of the slave tradestill being carried on between the Polynesian Islands and Peru, and praying that their lordships might interfere with a view of putting a stop to it. SALE OF GAS (SCOTLAND) BILL. This bill was read a second time. NAVAL DISCIPLINE BILL. This bill was read a second time. ACCIDENTS COMPENSATION ACT AMEND- The report of amendments to this bill was brought up MUTUAL SURRENDER OF CRIMINALS, The house went into committee on this bill. Lord BROI.: GRAM expressed his approval of the men stue, and said he expected the greatest benefit would result The bill then passed through committee, and was reported THAMES EMBANKMENT AND METROPOLITAN I.MPROVEMENT BILL. This bill passed through committee. ISLE OF MAN B.ARBOUR ACT AMENDMENT This bill passed t hrou g h committee. MILITIA BALLOT SL SPENSION BILL. This bill also passed through committee. LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT AMENDMENT BILL. This bill was read a second time. T ETE PROROGATION OF PARLIAMENT. Lord REDESDALE asked the noble earl the President o f the Council whether he could state the time when Par liament would be prorogued. Earl GRANVILLE said there was no occasion, as far as the other house of Parliament was concerned, why Par liament should not be prorogued at the end of next week, but it all depended on the state of the private business of Lord REDESDALE asked if the private business of the house required it would this session be continued beyond Earl GRANVILLE said it would. Their lordships then adjourned. ROUSE OF COMMONS—Last Evening. The SPEAKER took the chair at 20 minutes past 12. THE PATENT LAWS Sir M. PETO asked the noble lord (Lord Stanley) when the report of the commissioners on patent laws would be presented to the house. Lord STANLEY said the report had been finally settled, and he had no doubt it would be made in a few days. SUPPLY. Mr MASSEY brought up the report of the committee of supply. On the vote of £3,000 on account of the Ashantee war being read, Sir H. IV ILLOUGHBY wished to know whether the vote of the local expenses of the Ashantee war was not for money which had been already expended. He should also like to know what the intentions of the Government were with respect to the fature. He thought it was absolutely necessary that some check should be placed upon colonial governors in granting public money, and it would be important to know whether the vote now before the house would cover the whole of the Local Government expenses already in curred. Mr. F. PEEL said the vote properly belonged to the Colonial .office, and in the absence of his hon. friend, the under secretary for that department, he could not give a positive answer on the subject. He believed that the vote was to cover expenses already occurred. Governors of colonies could not, except in important and exceptional cases, pay advances from the Treasury chest. The report was then agreed to. WAYS AND MEANS. Mr. MASSEY brought up the report, which waif agreed to. ARMY AND NAVY EX.PENDITURE. Sir H. WILLOUGHBY made several objections to the manner in which the army department was conducted in reference to our estimates. Mr CHILDEktS entered into some detail in reference to the navy expenditure. The estimates had been increased by two causes; first, by the transport of troops to Canada; and, secondly, by the New Zaaland war, Gen. PEEL thought the excess of the estimates was un avoid able. The report was agreed to. PUBLIC WORKS (MANUFACTURING DIS• TRICTS) ADVANCES BILL. The report of this bill was agreed to. IMPROVEMENT OF LAND ACT (1364) BILL. This bill passed through committee. CONTAGIOUS DISEASES BILL. On the order for going into committee on this bill, Mr AYRTON thought the bill should be sent to a select committee. It applied to Chatham, Portsmouth, Plymouth, Colchester, and other places, and if it referred to soldiers he should have no objection to it. The bill pro vided for informations without oath, and was of a very in quisitorial character. He thought that such a bill should not pass without further evidence and investigation. He could only characterise the bill as one for the propa gation of immorality and vice. He thought it disgraceful on the part of the authorities of the army and navy to be obliged to introduce this measure, which was, in effect, one to make the wants of the army superior to the law of the land. Sir M. PETO defended the bill, and said it was one which would be attended with the best results, and for years he did not think that Parliament had entertained a subject so beneficial to the army and navy as the one now before them. The motion had been considered in the kindest and most careful manner, the great object being to reform and make useful those which were a pest to society. The house then went into committee on the bill, and the various clauses, with some verbal amendments, were agreed to. The bill as amended was then reported to the house. The sitting was shortly after suspended. The SPEAXER resumed the chair at six o'clock. EDUCATION. Lord PALMERSTON said on Monday next he should move, with reference to the report upon education, that the resolution of the house, of the 12th of April, be re scinded. In reply to a question from Mr WYLD, _ _ INir I, S :YARD stated that the Government had received information that Prussian troops had fired upon the Nor wegian mail-steamer at Frederickahaven, in Jutland ; but it was not stated that there were English passengers on board, or that the vessel was landing passengers. The explanation of the circumstance was that the Prussian forces had mistaken the steamer for a Danish vessel engaged in the landing of troops. Mr WYLD said there were several British subjects on board, who were placed in the utmost jeopardy by the Prussian fire. A question from Sir J. WALSH elicited from Mr CARD.. WELL that it was intended by the new Government of Canada to mature a measure for settling the constitution of the privinces by the application of the Federal principle to Canada itself, and the introduction into the uuion of the maritime provinces of the western. territory. When these measures were matured they would be communicated to Parliament. In answer to l‘rr S. FITZGERALD, The Marquis of HAIMNGTON said that two cow panitis of a British regiment had been despatched , from Hong Kong to Japan, and that the total British forces in the latter country, irrespective of marines, was now SOO men. . THE KAFFIR WAR. Mr VANSITTART asked whether there was any truth that we were on the eve of another Kaffir war. Mr CARDWELL replied that he had lead a telegram on the subject in the evening papers, but that no informa tion of the kind hod reached the Government, THE PAPER TRADE. Mr ISIA.GUIRE moved for a select committee to inquire into the present position of the paper manufacture of Great Britain with respect to foreign taxation. Th e hon. gentle man said that owing to the operation of tre at y with France the British P a permaker found himself una ble to com p ete with the foreigner, as, although ho boasted of having ac cepted free trade in its widest latitude we exposed one branch of native i n d ustry to all the vils we the protective system. Owing to th e export d manufac turers of paper were placed at a d duty on rags the improved machinery nor increasedisadvantage which neither could counter balance. He also read a num paper makers in various parts of the Unit o e f d ene l ii r e g t . Ters from . .r ingdom, giving . a most discouraging account of their prospects, and stating that, unless some remedial measureslp tad by the Government, ruin must inevitably overtake adopted E 311.14 thaw. that The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER was a very explicit statement, and he would endeavour t to me et it in the manner it had been given by h ge ntleman; but he could not give an abstract statement. as as to what Governmen t would do at a future time, because might occur in the interim whi c h wou ld ren! der such a committee undesirable. He would say that the Government, as a Government. had no desire to evade any inquiry, and it would be in that spirit that they would next session meet the motion of the hon. gentleman. He quite agreed with him that if a committee were appointed it should be appointed speedily ; and as it . was the feelin g o f th a t house that a committee of this lurid should be appointed, they would not find the Government opposed to it. The hon. gentleman said that a gentleman of the name of Wilson. in 1853, devised a penny in the pound —not as any protection to the paper manufacturers, customs duty but as au equivaleitt to the duty on rags abroad. Now Jaw ina preseion, speaking from memory after ten years' experience in the affairs of the country, was, that the penny in the pound was proposed by himself as Chancellor of the Ex chequer to Lord Aberdeen's Government, not as a compen sation duty on rags, but because it was thole ht fair that they shoula proceed by transition from L state, of protection to a state of free trade, and likewise because this was a plea far the continuance of the duty as long as tl e principle of that duty could not be brought into question. Then the hon. gentleman said they had departed from the free trade principles of Sir Robert Peel ; the policy of Sir Robert Peel was that they ought not to subject theßritish manufacturer to competition unless they gave him free access to the raw material. And here the hon. gentleman must admit he had fallen iato language likely to mislead. Did he mean that we were to restrain free trade in this country until foreign coun tries had adopted it? Were we to deprive ourpeople of the ad vantages of free trade because foreign countries were not able to follow and seize the advantages of that policy? Were we to do that? Was there to be no free trade till every Government in the world had come up to free trade principles ? At the same time it was a matter of duty that in exposing people to competition they should give them the advantage of free access to the raw material, but he could not admit that free trade in this country was to wait for the halting proceedings of other Governments in the world, while our own people were subjected to the evils of protection. As to the state ments attributed to him by the hon gentleman, both the facts and figures were quoted by him as those of others, and not as his own. The hon gentleman's speech had consisted of particular facts and general descriptions. He could not question the hon gentleman's particular facts; but his par ticular facts were one thing, and his general descriptions of the state of trade were another, If he complained of any thing, it was the hon gentleman's repeated and pertinacious statement that he denied the distress of the paper trade. He had never stated that the state of the paper trade was one of prosperity. The statement of the hon member referred not to the state of the paper trade, but to the business of particular persons. But it might well be that the business of those persons might be in an unfavourable state, and yet that the trade generally might be prosperous. He said this the rather that the hon gentleman's statements referred to one particular branch of the trade, that concerned with the manufacture of middlingprinting papers. There was nothing to show that other parts of the trade were in the same con dition. He quite admitted that there was a good deal of suffering in the paper trade, but not more than might be expected while it was in a state of transition from protection to free trade. If it was true that the paper trade generally was in a declining state, how was it that up to the repeal of the paper duty the number of papermakers had steadily diminished, while this decline had been arrested since the repeal of the duty ? But the honourable member had referred to the exports, and had said that one-fourteenth of our production was little or nothing to export. But it was certainly a material fact that we exported that one fourteenth part of our production to neutral markets, where it encounteredithe competition of the German and the French producers. Besides, it appeared that, while in 18-59 we ex ported 115,000 cwts. of paper, in 1861 we exported 190,000 cwts. That showed clearly that there was increased em ployment and increased production, Nor was it immaterial to remark that, while in 1859 we imported 115,000 cwts. of materials for paper, in 1861 we imported 731,000 cwts, of the same articles. That clearly showed an extending manufacture. He, therefore, must say that he was not prepared to join in the dismal anticipations of universal ruin in the paper trade in which the hon. member had in dulged. The hon. gentleman said that it was the duty of the Government to find a remedy for the state of things in the paper trade. But he denied that. The true remedy lay in improved processes and more economical modes of manufacture. He could not assent to so mischievous and retrograde a measure as the reimposition of a customs duty on paper. Then it was proposed that we should appeal to foreign Governments to reduce the export duty on rags, But the Government had at all times recognised that duty. Even if that were true, the barren agitatf on carried on by the papers makers had been a great cause of that want of success. What was the effect of such debates as that ? The foreign paper makers read that the men of influence in that house had declared that the English paper makers were driven out of the market by the export duty on rags, The natural consequence was to bind the foreign makers together in an organised agitation to maintain those duties. The efforts of the Government to bring about a reduction of the duty were thus frustrated. The hon. member said that he had made promises. He admitted that in the financial statement of the present year he had said that he hoped for a disposition towards the reduction of the export duty from France. Considerable progress had been made in the nego tiations with that object—ant he believed that it would have been attained within a few days and the end would have been gained, had it not been for the motion of the hon. member. The Government were not disposed to resist any inquiry into the subject in a future session, but he was con vinced that it would have been for the interest of the paper makers to have allowed this question to rest, and to have left it to the Government to make those representations with foreign Governments which they would have felt it their duty to make without any parliamentary incentive. Mr SURTEES expressed the satisfaction with which he had heard the statement of the Chancellor of the Ex chequer. Lord R. MONTAGU did not think that Mr Maguire had made out a case for inquiry, and saw no good in having little battles upon a question that had been fought on a large scale some years since, unless there was reason to sup pose that the decision of the house had been erroneous. The discussion was continued by Colonel Dickson, Mr Norris, Mr Black, and Sir M. Farquhar, all of whom urge on the Government the importance of granting a committee of inquiry. Mr WATKIN hoped that, if there was to be an investi gation into the condition of the paper trade, the select com mittee would call for the production of the income tax re turns of the 400 papermakers in the United Kingdom before and after the French treaty. Mr MAGUIRE, in reply, said that the case which he had put forward was that of trade generally, and that, if their statements were exaggerated, he was not personally responsible for them. His own opinion, however, was that the case which he had presented to the house was unfortu nately but too true. The motion was withdrawn. Sir F. SMITH moved " That a humble address be pre , seated to her Majesty, praying that she will be graciously pleased to issue a commission to consider the various sys tems now existing of constructing and armour plating ships of war for the British navy, as well as for the navies of other maritime Powers, and to report what, in the opinion of such commission, should be the system to be now adopted for the British navy." The hon. and gallant gentleman criticised the proceedings of the Admiralty, and complained that no fixed principles of construction and armament had been laid down, whilst the expense incurred by the country in mere experiments was enormous, without any commen surate increase of efficiency to the service. He wished to know whether the Admiralty were aiming at speed, at weight of armament, or at power of resistance. Lord C. PAGET defended the course which, in the midst of constant changes and improvements in the construction and armament of ships, the Admiralty had adopted. With regard to the relative merits of the French and English armour-plated ships, he assured the house that the latter were quite equal, if not superior, to those of any other na tion. He could not deny that our ships cost more, but that disadvantage was fully counterbalanced by their sups rior workmanship and durable qualities. As t 3 the use of steel shot, the matter had not been lost sight of in connec tion with the construction of guns ; and he believed that both in:shot and guns we were not at all behind any other Power• Sir J. HAY thought it would be desirable that a com • mission should issue to inquire and report upon the de scription of ship that would be most available, first, for our protection at home, and next, for the protection of our commerce abroad. The requiremonte for ships were, a high rate of speed, great weight of armament, and facility of movement when in action. With these were also combined the questions of draught for our iron ships, and how they were to be ccppered. As to targets, guns, and shot, he considered that thasA were matters over which the Govern ment had been too long pausing. Mr LAIRD observed that at present wa were in so unsafe a position that if we were to go to war with the Federal States of America we should have to ase all our dockyard resources to obtain vessels capable of crossing the Atlantic and competing with the so-called turret ships. If we had merely such vessels as those employed in the African squadron, the fate of the Alabama would soon overtake them. After some remarks from Sir S. M. PETO and Sir 3, PAKINGTON (thq latter in opposition to the proposition of Sir F. Smith), the motion was withdrawn. Sir F. KELLY obtained leave to bring in a bill for the further prevention of bribery at elections of members to servo in Parliament. Leave was also given to Mr VILLIERS to bring in a bill to make provision for distributing the charge of relief of certain classes of poor persons over the metropolis, On the motion of the CHANCELLOR of the EXCITE QUEI7., leave was given to bring in a bill to amend an act of the present session relating to certain stamp duties., The other business on the paper was disposed of, and the house adjourned at a quarter-past one o'clock. THE FALL OF A BUILDING IN AGAIt-TOWN—Dr. Lankester yestaday held an inquest at the Clarendon Arms, Clarendon-square, on the body of Alfred William Copeland, aged 10, who was killed by the fall of a house at Agar-town. The jury returned a verdict of "Died from accidental causes." [A.DvERTTSEMENT.]-11olloway's Ointment and Pills.— Old sores, wounds, and ulcers.— It is surprising how quickly any sore, ulcer, or wound drains away the body's strength, and unfits it for the duties of life; but it is no less wonder ful to watch how these topical afflictions improve on the application of Holloway's healing ointment. It has achieved the surest an d most glorious tr i ump h s over bad legs, foul ulcerations, the faculty, and well-nigh worn, met their victims. I t cre and knotted veins, which had confounded ates sound flesh, and therefore makes its cures complete. When this ointment is properly applied, and assisted by ap propriate doses of the pills, the pain, inflammation, and other morbid manifestations, soon disappear from the affected part, and health an d strength return. TIM SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 20, 1864. Court of Aldermen, Yesterday the Aldermen of London held a mut ing at Guildhall, the Lord Mayor presiding. Mr, Alderman Besley and Mr. Alderman Dakin, the newly-elected sheriffs, were invited to come to the table to enter into the customary bond for the due execution of their office. Oa presenting themselves, Mr. Alderman Besley,who at the recent election was returned at the head of the poll, appealed to the Court to decide the question of priority between him and his friend Mr. Alderman Dakin, who is the senior alderman of the two. The Town Clerk (Mr. Weodthorpe), he said, without meaning any die• courtesy to him, had a " knack" of calling the name of Alderman Dakin before that of himself in matters relating to the shrievality since the recent election. That was not in accordance with the:return of the Livery, and he submitted that the time had arrived to have the point decided. To any ether man he should have made some apology for mooting the question, but his friend Alderman Dakin would, he was sure, give him credit for desiring only to have what was right done in the matter. The Livery had returned him (Alderman Besley) at the head of the poll, and he submitted that, as far as priority and seniority were concerned, he was senior sheriff, and that no resolution of that Court could alter or affect the return of the Livery, which, he appre hended, must be taken to be final. Mr. Alderman Dakin said he would cheerfully submit to what had been the recognised rule in the Corporation of Lon. don in cases where two aldermen had been elected sheriffs. With regard to the accidental circumstance of his friend Alderman Besley having been returned at the head of the poll, he (Alderman Dakin) was absent from this country at the time of the election, but since his return he had been informed that from day to day he was at the head of the poll until a few hours before its close, when some 50 voters were slid• denly and in a most mysterious manner, introduced (a laugh), and to that accident his friend was indebted for that seniority which he now most cheerfully ac corded him, taking the circumstance for what it was worth. Mr Woodthorpe, the Town Clerk said, on being appealed to at the Common-hall on the last day of the election, he casually observed that it might turn out on exsmination of precedents that the gentleman who was at the head of the poll the question being as between two aldermen, would not be the senior sheriff. On a subsequent examine ation of the books he had found that on the last occasion when two aldermen were elected the alder• man who had the largest number of votes was not held to be the senior sheriff, and he had since thought it his duty to communicate that precedent to the two aldermen who had been recently re turned as sheriffs. He added, in reply to Mr Alder. man Allen, that the election to which he had re ferred was in 1838, when Alderman Thomas John son and Alderman Thomas Wood were returned, the votes being for Johnson 1,014, and for Wood 1,051, and when Alderman Johnson, though not at the head of the poll, but who was, of the two, the senior alderman, was held to be the senior sheriff. Mr. Alderman Dakin said he thought it would be found by a clause in the Act governing the mode of elec tion that, whatever the order of return, the order of precedent was conclusive where two aldermen, as in this case, were concerned. Mr Alderman Cope land, M.P., said when he was elected sheriff with Mr Booth he was only a liveryman, but a few weeks afterwards he was elected an alderman; It was then suggested that, having become an alderman, he, and not Mr. Booth, was the senior sheriff, but he declined to raise the question, though many of his brethren in the Court thought the alderman ought to have taken the precedence. He Low moved that the matter in dispute be submitted to the ar bitrament of the General Purposes Committee. The motion was at once adopted, and Mr. Alderman Besley and Mr Alderman Dakin then executed each a bond, pledging himself in the sum of £l,OOO to the due execution of the office. The Remernbrancer (Mr Carrie) having reported that the Brokers' Bonds and Rents Bill had been rejected by the House of Lords, Mr Alderman Waterlow moved, pursuant to notice, that a reference be made to the General Pur poses Committee to consider the present regulations in respect to brokers in the city, with power to con fer with the City Lands Committee of the Court of Common Council, and other parties interested in the matter. He explained that the evidence taken before the committee cliEclosed that a large number of the brokers felt that there should be some modi fication of the rules and regulations made by the Court of Aldermen in the interests of the class gene rally. ►ihen the corporation opposed the bill which had been rejected by the Lords they were Lot actuated by any consideration in regard to the loss of £3,000 or £4,060 a year it would entail on them, but because they believed the control exercised by the Court of Aldermen was for the benefit and pro tection of the public; and desiring that that control should be continued, but in a way most convenient to the trade, ho asked to have the matter referred to a committee. The motion was seconded by Mr Alderman Finnis and carried. The Town Clerk reported that he had received a communication from the Home Office that Sir G. Grey had on Monday last signified his approval to the by-laws recently submitted to him by this Court for the regulation of the traffic in the city. The by-laws so sanctioned were ordered to be advertised in conformity with the Act of Parliament preparatory to their being brought into practical operation a month after the date of their approval by the Home Secretary. The Court then adjourned. ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE, NORFOLK CIRCUIT.—AYLEsEuRY, July 19. The commission for the county of Buckingham was opened with all due formality by Baron Bramwell yester day afternoon, and this morning the business commenced at 10 o'clock. It is of a lighter description than has been known for a long time past, there being not one cause and only eight prisoners for trial, against whom, however, the charges are serious—vix., one of murder, one of man slaughter, two of burglary, two of rape, one of wounding, with intent, and one of coining. CROWN COURT. (Before Mr Baron Bramwell.) Wm. John Stevens was indicted for the wilful murder of Annie Leeson, at Buckingham, on the 27th February. Mr Keane, Q.C., and Mr Markby were counsel for the prosecution—the prisoner being defended by Mr Payne. From the opening statement of the learned Counsel for the prosecution it appeared that the prisoner and the poor girl whose death was the subject of the present inquiry, and who was a servant in the employ of a butcher at Bucking ham, were not only near neighbours but were lovers—at least there was sufficient proof on the prisoner's side of a eery strong affection. They both used to meet once a week at Buckingham where her parents lived,and where he lodged with her parents. On Saturday, Feb. 27, she having then gone home as usual, went out with a pail to the pump near her parents' house, and before she could be aware of what was about to happen the prisoner, whose step had been heard in the house, was seen to run out after her, say something to her, and immediately clasp her round the neck, and draw something across her throat. The poor creature got away from him and staggered into her master's shop, who to his horror found her throat cut, and in whose arms she died in a few minutes, the prisoner having in the meanwhile cut his own throat so severely as nearly to die himself. The learned Counsel for the defence examined the charge and the evidence in support of it, and after a careful inves tigation, urged the main—nay, the only point in behalf of the prisoner —viz., that the state of frenzy he was in from jealousy drove him beside himself and into the commission of the dreadful act. His Lordship then proceeded to sum up the evidence, and said—" Gentlemen, this is a very sad case. You have a young girl of good character losing her life through the act of one who otherwise has been a well-conducted young man, and who, had his feelings been under proper control, might have passed the remainder of a respectable life. The learned judge then told thq jury that there were three ques tions for them to consider—first, how did the girl's death happen ? secondly, by whose hand was her death inficted ? and, thirdly, if by the prisoner's hand, what was the nature of the crime ? As to the first and second, after the incon testable evidence that had been adduced, the jury could have but little doubt. As to the third, said his lordship, if a man wilfully inflicts a wound calculated to cause death, and death ensues, it matters not that he had in his mind no wish or intention to take life, ho must be held respon sible for the consequences of his act, and his crime is mur der, and the good sense of this is obvious; for what does it matter to society whether the man intended to kill or not if he does take life ? lam bound to tell you, gentlemen, that there is no evidence that this crime is other than murder if you think the prisoner did the act." The jury, after a shcrt deliberation, returned into court with a verdict of Guilty, and, after the prisoner had been called upon in the usual way, His Lordship sentenced him to death, (Before Baron Channell.) Thomas Price, aged 17, pleaded Guilty to the manslaugh ter of Wm. Dale at Beaconsfield, on the 12th June. In passing sentence, his Lordship said—You have pleaded guilty to this very serious charge. I have looked through the depositions in order to see what are the real cir cumstances connected with it, and I gather from them that you caused the death of the deceased under the influence of great provocation on his part towards yourself. This un fortunate event began in what is called a " lark," and I see that the first act of violence, after the " lark" assumed a different appearance, proceeded from the deceased. In re turn for the blow you received you threw a stick, which hit him on the back of the head, when he rosy as if for the pur pose of hitting you again, staggered towards you, and fell. I am sure when you come to think of and reflect upon this sad termination of your dispute, you will feel acutely for having been the cause of the death of a fellow-creature, and I therefore think it unnecessary to say anything to increase your grief, nor do 1 think this mischance calls for a very severe punishment—l therefore sentence you to three weeks' imprisonment. _ _ With this case the business of the circuit for the county of Bucks ended. NORTIIERN CIRCUIT.—NEWCASTLE, July 18. CIVIL COURT. (Before Mr Baron Pigott.) GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY V. NESBITT. This was an action at the instance of the Great Northern. Railway Company for 163 31, being the difference between a third-class railway ticket between King's-cross station, L - ndon, and Morpeth, and a second-class ticket between the former station and Newcastle, and also for Ss. 1011, being the charge for the defendant's luggage between Lon don and Morpeth. Mr Mellish, QC., and Mr Davison appeared for the plain tiff ; and Mr James, Q.C., and Mr Jones for the defendant. It appeared from the opening statement cf the learned counsel for the plaintiffs that the defendant was the manager of a large drapery es tablishment iu Newcastle, and the action was instituted to recover two very small sums, the payment of which involved a question of principle of considerable importance to the railway companies, and which sum he believed the defendant refused to pay. The present action was brought to recover—first, the sum of 16s. 61. for difference in fare, which arose in this way. They would perhaps be aware that on all railways there ware what were called Parliamentary trains—viz., trains which carry 3d-class passengers at id. per mile, and these trains stopped at the stations. All railway companies were bound to run such trains at least once in every 21 hours. A quick train leaves London at a quarter past 9 in the evening, and arrives at Newcastle at 5 o'clock in the morning, by which the Great Northern and the North Eastern carry passengers who wish to go to Morpeth or the North at ld, a mile—but they have to wait at Newcastle until 6 o'clock, when a train takes them to Morpeth, and by that train third-class pas sengers could only be booked for Morpeth and the North. The fare,which is ld. a mile between Morpeth and London, amounts to £l4s. 31., while the second-class fare from Lon don to Newcastle amounts to £2OB. GI., being IGs. 3d. more than the third-class ticket to Morpeth, It was perfectly plain from the conduct of the defendant in the case that ho must have known what the regulations of the company were. On the Bth of April last he went to the King's-cross station in time to start by the quarter past 9 train,and took out a third-class ticket for Norpeth. Among other regula tions to which third-class passengers were subjected by the Act of Parliament, there was one that they were not en titled to carry with them more than 561 b of luggage. The defendant came to hang's-cross station with a portman teau and a large parcel , and the largo parcel was n o t passengers' luggage at all, as it contained drapery goods for the purpose of sale, lle told the porters to put his luggage into tha Newcastle van, and by the order they supposed that the defendant was either a first or a second-class passenger. If they had been told that he wa s a third-class passenger to Morpeth he would then have had to pay 111. for every pound of luggage above 561 b. Having given these orders to the porter he went and took out a third-class ticket for Morpeth, and on the back of the ticket there was the following condition :—" This ticket is issued on the understanding that it is only available as a ticket to Morpeth, and should the holder alight at any other station he or she will have to pay the full second-class fare from the place of starting." Th e d e f en d a nt admitted that he never had the slightest intention of going to Morpeth, but simply to Newcastle. This was a device to g et to New castle for a third-class fare by a train which only c arried fir st and second-class passengers, When the defendant arrived at Newcastle the ticket collector checked hie ticket and re turned it to him, and his luggage being in the Newcastle van was of course taken out, but the collector, who knew the defendant was possessed of a ticket for Morpeth, seiz3d the luggage before it got out of the station. The luggage was sent on to Morpeth, and the defendan t refusin g to p a y for a second-class ticket, as set forth on the con ditions of t he back of his ticket, his lug gage was retained unti l h e should do so. The defendant had brought an act ion a g ainst the North-Eartern Railway Company for de.aining his luggage, but the action had yet to be tried by a jurY. The question in the present case Was, then, whether the Great Northern Railway Company wa s en titl e d to 163 3d, the difference be tween the third-class f aro t o M o rpeth and the second 'class fare to Newcastle, and al s o whether they were entitl ed to the 8s 10:1d for the Glib parcel, at lid per lb. The defendant had also thought fit to charge the railway company with having entered into the agreement to convey him to Mor peth by means of fraud. Ile (the defendant) said that the word " Parliamentary" on the railway ticket was in large letters, while the conditions on the back were in small letters, and that ho thought was for the purpose of deceiving him. That charge, ho thought, was entirely unfounded, These were the facts of the case. These facts having been proved, The learned counsel for the defendant contended that the regulation of the company in preventing- a passenger from stopping before the end of the journey for which he had paid was absurd and ridiculous. It must be more advan tageous to the company to get rid of the passenger and his luggage, whom they h a d t o ca rry, and the passenger might stop e o ta o k n en h i i l t l joonurtnheeywwaiyth, without td paying- Nc,asit the difference betweento be said he should not his Parliamentary train fare and the second-class fare to that place ? These regulations of railway companies, who were monopolists, ought to be strictly watched, or the interests of the public suffered. In point of law he con tended that the company had no right to detain either the defendant or his luggage as they had done. His lordship having summed up the evidence, The jury found a verdict for the plaintiffs for the amount claimed. In the action by the defendant against the company for detaining his luggage, it wag agreed to refer it to the decision of his lordship, MILLER Y. THE RIVER TYNE COMMISSIONERS. This Elation has occupied the greater part of the day, and WM brought by the plai4tiff, the owner of the prig John Botcherley, to recover £3OO for damages and demurrage arising out of a collision in the river Tyne, a " steam hop per"•laden with river scrapings belonging to the defendants having run into the plaintiff's vessel and greatly damaged her, causing her to be delayed repairing 32 days, for which demurrage at £2 a day was claimed and tho cost of her re pair. The collision took place on the 13th of February, during a hurricane of wind, the steam hopper going down the river laden to sea, and the plaintiff's vessel going up the river. The plaintiff's case was that it was entirely the fault of the defendant's steamer, which took the wrong course. The defendants' case was that it was the fault of the plain tiff's vessel, which was oat of its course, and that the de fendants' steamer could not have safely lane otherwise than she did, Mr Temple, Q.C., and Mr llciall appeared for the plain tiff, and Mr James, Q.C., and Mr Bruce for the defendants. The civil business was concluded to-night. CROWN COURT. (Before Lord Chief Justice Cockburn.) In the Crown Court the town prisoners were tried before Lord Chief Justice Cockburn to-day. The principal case was a charge of rape against a man named James Carlow, an engineer, who was charged with successive rapes on four little girls, at different times, all the children being under the age of 10 years, and he had induced one to bring the others to him. The particulars were most disgusting and unfit for publication. The prisoner was found guilty on two charges, and sen tenced to 15 years' penal servitude. This finished the assizes. MIDLAND CIRCUIT.—DEnnY, JVLY 18, LINACRB V. ADAMS. This was an action by the executors of a carpenter to re cover the value of work done by the deceased upon a house alleged to belong to the defendant. Mr Serjeant Hayes and Mr Wills were for the plaintiffs, and Mr Boden, Q.C., and Mr Mellor for the defendant. The plaintiffs allegea that the work had been ordered by the defendant, and that he had offered to pay the amount claimed (£23125.), if they would deduct £7. This proposal not having been acceded to, and the defendant not paying the money, the plaintiffs consulted their attorney, who wrote a letter to the defendant demanding payment, and winding up with the usual request for 3s Gd for the costs of the application. Upon receiving this letter the defendant consulted a local preacher named Shore, who appeared to act ao his legal adviser, who had wroto a letter in reply. stating that the amount claimed had been overpaid, and winding up as follows: "As for the 3s Gd you charge Mr Adams, I can honestly tell you I will never pay you, neither in this world nor yet in the world which is to come, (Laughter.) So, if no one pays you the 3s Gd in this world, you must claim it in the next, in that country where lawyers go to. (Roar of laughter.) Even there your claim will be as just as it is here, and the £23 12s will share just the same fate, so you can proceed as soon as you like and at fast as you like." The defence now set up was that the house belonged not to the defendant, but to his son, who was employed at the railway station, Derby, at wages of £1 a week, and that the work had been done for him and not for his father, The jury found a verdict for the plaintiff for the full amount claimed. Naval and Military Intelligence. The ironcased sloop Enterprise, 4, 993 tons, 160-horso power, Commander C. J. Rowley, still lies at moorings in the Medway, at the entrance to Chatham harbour. The principal alteration already made has been the construction of the wrought dron casing, round the funnel, inside the battery, whereby considerably increased room has been ob tained for working the heavy guns with which this iron cased ship is armed. Instead of the armament she has hitherto carried the Enterprise will in future mount two of the 100-pounder, smooth-bore, wrought-iron, 6k-ton guns, and two of the 100-pounder naval Armstrong guns, of 84 cwt, each. During the recent experimental cruise the Enterprise showed that she excels both in steaming and sailing qualities most of the other vessels composing the squadron. There are some minor alterations to be made on board before the Enterprise leaves the Medway. The Research, 4, 200-horse power, Capt. A. Wilmshurst, the second of Mr Reed's ironcased ships, has been removed from the Medway into the great basin, where she is under going some trifling alterations, and making good defects. Among the other improvements which are being effected on board is an alteration in the funnel, which has been taken completely out of the midship battery and placed further forward in the ship, thereby giving a very considerable in crease of fighting space in the battery —a most important ad vantage, the value of which in a vessel of this class cannot be overrated. She is also having strengthening beams in serted beneath the battery deck, in order the better to resist the recoil of the enormous guns with which she is armed. Mr Reed is also making some important improvements in the arrangements for firing the battery guns, both forward and aft. Hitherto the iron plates forming the port and starboard bulwarks forward of the battery have been taken down when it was necessary to fire the guns in a line with the ship's deck; but there being several objections to this arrangement—not the least of which would be the loss of time incurred when the vessel was being cleared for action, Mr Reed intends to alter the bulwarks so that they may open inboard, on a hinge, by which arrangement they can be cleared and the guns trained in a few seconds. This considerably simplifies the arrangements for cleating for quarters, and will also, it is believed, have the effect of keeping the decks more clear and preventing the smoke from the guns rolling inboard. The Research, before being put out of the basin, will be fitted with a donkey engine. According to orders received at Chatham, the armament of the Research is to be altered, and she will in future be sup plied with four of the 100-pounder 6 ton smooth bore wrought iron guns. Yesterday a number of boys and lads from the training ship Wellesley, 72, in Chatham harbour, left that vessel, and were conveyed in the Wildfire, paddlewheel steamer, to the Nore, where they joined the Clio, 22, Captain N. E. B, Tumour, fitting for the Pacific, and the Fawn, Commander C. J. Wrey, fitting for the West Indies. HEALTH OF LONDON. (From the Reyistrar-General's _Report.) Thirteen hundred deaths were registered in London in the week that ended last Saturday. Of those 607 were deaths of males, 633 of females. The average number of deaths for the 28th week of 10 years, 18d4-63, is, with a correction for increa,o of population, 1,212. The actual number is 88 in excess of that which is obtained by calculation. The deaths from diarrhoea increase steadily, but slowly, and, after having been 71 and 81 respectively in the two previous weeks, rose to 97 last week. The mortality from measles oontinues high, but it has not increased within the last two months. It was fatal in 81 cases in the week, the average for corresponding weeks being only 34 ; 84 of the 97 cases of diarrhea occurred to infants less than two years old. There were 6 deaths from measles in the Poplar sub district, and 5 in that of St. James, Bermondsey, Of d 8 deaths from scarlatina in the metropolis, 6 occurred in the sub•district of St. John, Westminster, and 9 in Hoxton. A young man died in Middlesex Hospital of apnoea from chloroform and loss of blood during an operation. A boy, aged three years, died of laryngitis from drinking boiling water out of a kettle. A widow died at the age of 98 years. Last week the births of 955 boys and 919 girls, in all 1,874 children, were registered in London. In the 10 correspond ing weeks of the years 1854.63 the average number (cor rected) was 1,885. METROPOLITAN WATERS FOR JUNE, 1861. The domestic waters supplied to London are generally in a purer condition than in the preceding month, according to the analyses of Dr Robt. Dundas Thomson, F.R.S. The East London and New River contain less total impurity than in the preceding month, ar.d the latter only ono-half the amount of organic impurity which it contained in May. Total Impurity Organic per gallon. purity. grs. or deg. grs. or deg. Distilled Water Loch Latrine water, new supply to Glasgow 2'35 •005 Manchester water supply THAMES COMPANIES. Chelsea West Middlese r x 1 6 ..6 1 . 24 Southwark Grand Junction l B .BO 116 Lambeth OTHER COMPANIES. Kent New River East London 116 The table is read thus—Loch Katrine water contains in the gallon 215 degrees or grains of foreign matter in solution, of which •605 degrees or grains are of vegetable or animal origin. At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean height of the barometer in the week was 29'931 in. The reading fell to 29 . 87 in. on Wednesday, and rose to 30.01 in. on Saturday. The mean temperature of the air in the week was 00.8 deg., which is 0.9 deg. below the average of the same week in 43 years (as determined by Mr Glaisher). The mean daily temperature was below the average on every day except Monday. The highest day temperature was 79 deg., and occurred onMenday; the lowest night temperature occurred on Friday, and was 45.8 deg. The range of tem perature in the week was therefore 33.2 deg. The difference between the mean dew-point temperature and air tempera ture was 9 deg. The mean degree of humidity of the air was 73, complete saturation being represented by 100. The wind blew almost constantly from the north-east, The rain-fall was only 0.02 in. Ireland, by a recent Act of the Legislature, enjoys the advantages of registration. Mr Donnelly, the registrar- General of Ireland, to make it as useful as possible in pro moting the public health, now publishes a weekly table of the causes of death in Dublin. Dr. Burke, in whose bands it has been placed by the Registrar-General, adopts the same forms as are in use in London; thus facilitating the comparison of the two returns. The birchs registered in Dublin during the weeks ending the 9th and 16th of July were 134 and 142, and the deaths were 90 and 75- The deaths in Vienna, as returned by Dr, G latter, were 303 in the week ending the 9th of July, when the mean temperature was 67 . 5 deg., that at Oreenwich having been 60 6 deg• SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, - - -0- TIMES.—The present war in New Zealand will be memorable in the annals of the British Empire if it really arouses the attention of Parliament to the very peculiar relations that exist between our selves and our colonies. The old system of depen dence is gone, but it has left behind it many a bitter legacy. We are at the present mom en t su bjected to the evils of the old and the new systems. We find that we have raised up in the bosom of the em pire independent republics, with policy, feelings, and interests entirely strange and uncongenial to us. We have handed over to them our patronage, which we do not regret; and the power of burden ing our trade with heavy imposts, which we hale often reason to regret sincerely. We have sent out the young people into the world, and they hare not been slow in showing us how entirely they feel emancipated from parental control. For all these sacrifices, for all those concessions, we naturally look for our reward. It is not much that we ask. We do not seek for contributions to our revenue ; we do not require that the colonies should consider our wishes in time of peace, or lend us the slightest aid in time of war. We only ask that they should give us no trouble and put us to no expense; that, as they have undertaken the management of their own affairs, they will be so good as to conduct them in their own way, and trouble us neither for advice nor assistance. Our wishes have not been granted. In the far North. West, Canada draws off a large proportion of our army to defend a frontier which she is well able, if she were but willing, to defend for herself; and now New Zealand draws upon our credit, demands 10,000 of our troops, and will not allow us the miserable satisfaction of regulating the policy for which we are to pay so dearly. General Peel asks what power the Government of New Zea land has in directing the movement of the British troops in that colony. He might have asked what power the Government of England has in directing he policy towards the natives which the troops are sent to Now Zealand to enforce. It is certainly bad enough that our troops in New Zealand should be under the command of a General who must obey the orders of a Governor himself virtually dependent on the Colo. nial Government. But it is infinitely worse that our troops should not only be employed and directed by what is essentially a foreign Power, but should be the blind instruments of a policy in forming which the English Government has really no voice. If we lend our military and naval assis• tance to a European State, we at least know what we are fighting for, and have deliberately espoused that side of the quarrel. But in New Zealand we are fighting, not because we believe the quarrel of the colony to be just, but because we are reduced tamely to follow in the wake of the Parliament and Ministers of New Zealand ; and to employ our troops, not as allies and partners in the war, bat as unreasoning instruments to execute a will which is not the will of the country they serve. This is to us the most mortifying and degrading part of the whole transaction. It is bad enough to spend a penny in the poand Income Tax on a war in which we have no interest, and from which we cannot pos sibly derive the slightest advantage. It is worse to have our army, which has so many claims on its services, drawn off to a remote and ignoble field of action, where victory is attended with no honour, end defeat with unusual disgrace. Bat worse than e t! these is the helpless feeling that we are not in our own hands, but in the hands of others; that we are no core masters of our own policy than we are of our own troops ; and that Mr Fox and Mr Whit taker, and no.t Lord Palmerston or Lord Russell, are the persons to decide for what objects we are to make war and on wha` terms we are to make peace. With an empire that girciA l qs the earth, with a mag nificent trade, with an enormou,s revenue , of our highest prosp er ity, we fi n d urselvat a period es reduced to something like a state of subjection, our policy thwarted, our credit commanded, our army eons trolled and directed by a community the whole population of which is not so large as a single electoral district of this metropolis. This comes of setting up independent Colonial Governments with out following the principle to its legitimate conclu sion, and leaving the colony to defend for itself the rights which we have so cheerfully conceded. If it be sound reasoning that every colony should be intrusted with the management of its own affairs, it is at least equally reasonable that it should defend with its own hand the rights which it claims to exercise. In the present instance we are not only fighting and squandering our money for a policy which is not our own, but for a policy as contrary to our own as anything can possibly be conceived. We have no quarrel with the aboriginal race of New Zealand. We pride ourselves, and not unjustly, on being superior to the prejudices of caste and colour, and of being the friends—in theory at least—of the whole human race. We have quarrelled with half the nations of the earth for the sake of the negro, yet we find ourselves employing our choicest troops, with very indifferent success, as the agents in a war of extermination. We are shedding our blood to add one more to the long list of nationalities which the gentle and pious Anglo-Saxon race have swept off the face of the earth. And this we do at the bidding of a small colony, for whose selfish purposes we are content to assume the ignoble (Bee of exe cutioner upon a race fighting for all that makes life worth having. If the colonists of New Zealand have determined to exterminate its aboriginal in habitants and take their land for a spoil, can no other arm than ours be found to fight the ignoble battle and execute the execrable sentence ? Let the colonists of New Zealand make peace or wage war at their pleasure with their native neighbours, but do not let us, by the loan of our credit and our army, relieve them from the legitimate responsi bility for their own acts. if they are to divide the game among themselves, let us leave to them the honours and the penis of the chase. As it is, we have contrived to make it the interest of the whole colony to carry on upon as large a scale and for as long a period as possible a war which is to them a nane of wealth. The revenue flourishes, lucrative contracts abound, every department of industry re ceives an unwonted stimulus by the profuse expen diture of British money that the war has occasioned. We, who have wisely refused to give our colonies the assistance of Imperial credit for the purpose of works of reproductive industry—for the making of roads, the building of bridges, and the construction of railways —are lavish of our credit when the pur pose is war and destruction, the waste of the re sources of the present, and the anticipations of the hopes of the future. Who can wonder that, with such encouragement, little hopes are held out by the New Zealand Government to induce the natives to surrender ? In a recent proclamation the lands of the Waikatoes are declared forfeited, and those who were concerned with the King movement—that is, the most influential chiefs of New Zealand—are threatened with death. It seems as if capitulation and surrender were not desired,—as if the object were to prolong the conflict ter the purpose of making it more complete a means not of conquest, bat of extermination, POST.—The season has arrived when the heat of the weather usually produces a peculiar effect on the brain and nerves of organised beings generally, ex cept perhaps those which live in the water. Notices are poefed about to the effect that dogs found at large without muzzles will be summarily dealt with on the spot by the police. In fact, the days at this season have been named after the canine animal. It is the period of the year when they are most likely to exhibit a very dangerous aberration from the mess sana its corpora sano. The heat just now is intense, water is more scarce, and what there is to be found accessible to these animals is almost luke• warm. Whether the comet that has been announced is to be considered as the cause of the great heat and drought which prevail at the present time, is a point which may be left to experts to determine. But of the fact of the heat itself there can be no question. We are all painfully conscious of it. It was only the other day that there were complaints of the cold ; the complaints are now equally loud and general, but this time it is the heat which is complained of. We hope then that proper precautions will be taken in reference to the dogs. But, as we said, it is not merely the canine bat the human species which seems to be just now suffering in this direction from the effects of the intense heat on th e brain and nerves. We do not merely allude to th e n u mber of suicides, attempted or accomplished, the chief actors in which are believed to have been suffering from mental derangement, but to cases where the tendencies manifested were homicidal, and not merely suicidal. One of these, which formed the subject of a police case at Bow-street, is . of a very pec u li ar nature. The unfortunate ma n i as was brought b e f ore the magistrate for writing and sending threat en i ng letters of the most extraordinary and outrageous character. These were so numerous that he may really be said to have sown them b roa d cast, and so trucu l e nt and sanguinary, that he appears to be a patient of the most dangerous tendencies, But the most curious hallucination of this unfortunate per son, whose name appears to be Edward Pope, and who i s described as a man of goo d educat i on, an d ac quainted with several languag es , i s th a t h e f anc i es himself the Prince of Wal es , an d that the P r i nce of Wales is not the Prince of Wales, but somebody else. He has also cont rac t e d a violent h os tility against Sir George Grey, Dr. Begley, a medical gentleman connected with the institution at Han well, and other pers ons b es id es. O ne o f the most curious phenomena in the letters which this poor man has made the medium for conveying his extra vegant sentiments is the repeated and emphatic assertion that nobody s h a ll k no w of his vengeance until it has been executed. "No note of warning," he s ays; " no f oo li s h scraw l warn ing them of their coming fate! D ea dl y . silent !—silent as the grave." 'These letters opp ar e to ha ve been addressed to the Prince of Wales, Sir George Grey, Dr Begley, an, ° : . others. The English eotwil at BJulogne an dressed in this stvle—" English Consul at Bow 'ogee, your doom is sealed Her Majesty's Secre; Lary is bluntly informed—" Sir George Grey, r u , fate is now at hand. You have but hours to live.. To these extraordinary epistles the author sig ns himself sometimes by his real name, sometimes °Y the title of " The Avenger," and sometimes he ponds the signature of" Beware !" In one of these wild and savage compositions he b r ings together all his imaginary en em i es in a b a t c h—the Prince °I Wales, Sir Geo rge G re y, th e B r iti s h Consul at Boulogne, Dr Begley, &c. Here are some extracts from these epistles—" You, 0 ! incarnate imposto r and chief of liars and usurpers ! a horrible vengea nce is waiting for you. The measure that is meted t ° your servant Grey shall be meted to you. And you, vile agent of a wicked Government, shall recel" your share of in the reward of those who are O n ; donned by their acts." " Beware, for your term °` life is short indeed—it is in my hands. The taking of it will be a meritorious execution, and no Inu r ,, der. You, with your master, that vile impostor W usurps my station, shall fall by my hand. I aka give you no warning. I am commanded by a high er , Power to say no more.—Yours, in eternal hatr ed, " The A.venger!" This is addressed to Sir George Grey. It is a providential circumstance that th is unfortunate lunatic did not carry out his alleg ed designs with that secrecy and stealth which lie 6 ° loudly proclaimed—with the curious inconsisten°l and self-contradiction of madness—should ch u : racterise and pervade them. It appears th at this outrageously homicidal maniac is labouring under delusions the natural eff ec t o f w hich w ould be to impel him to th e c omm i ss i on o f th e mos t frign l ; ful murders. When insanity takes the direction ef . murder and destructiveness of this sort, the patien t is more dangerous than a mad dog. The man igh ° ' without being really a lunatic, was temporarill maddened in a railway carriage the other del; through morbid fear, arising from a overwroug ht brain, the result of too great mental labour and ei citement, was very nearly murdering his feller' passengers. Had there only been a single traveller in the carriage with him there would have bee° murder without a doubt. But, violent as he was, )3 1 was unable to do more against his s e veral intende d victims than to cut and woun d th em i n a way 06t was within an ace of crippling them for life. A W.' firmed and dangero us man i ac , h owever , lik e 0 16 unfortunate Mr. Pope, might go about destroying numbers of lives. But perhap s th e mos t s i gn ifies°' , point in the case is that which relates to the gee s ' tion how far a madman is responsible for his 0 04 in the sense of being ameaable to the fear of punish' ment. How far is a man like this maniac Pope capable of understanding and f ee li ng th e connection of cause and effect which subsists between crimes° its penalties ? It is quite clear that though this man is as thoroughly mad as mad can be, there is still s good deal of method in his madness. Of co urbc:, like all persons in th a t un f or t una t e con dition 0 ' mind, he believes he is perfectly sane. " Say lam mad !" he writes in one of his letters. "No one Wi ll believe you. Can a madman speak as I speak, f: as I act, think as I think, wr it e as I wr it e ?" main question therefore for the legislator is whethe r or not such a man as this, notwithstanding his I n . sanity, knows the relation bet w ee n th e ac t s h e el templates and the punishment annexed to them. I%e confess that it appears to us that many ma dmen know and understand full well th e connection he: tween crime and the penalties it deserves, and the.' therefore they are fit objects of punishment. It 1 : only when a man's insanity is of su c h a na ture tha t he is lost to all sense of the relation between his act! and their consequences, in th e s h a p e o f punishme nt to himself, that he 6hould be allowed to escape the penalties of the law. To render him liable to ment it may not be sufficient that the madma n should understand merely the consequences of hi' acts to .. his victims. H e may k now t h a t ru nning a knife into a man will kill him, and he may use 6 knife in this way with the express object and motive of destroying life; but, at the same time, he may not understand that hanging is th e l o t o f th os e No k ° do such acts, He may not, in the state of mind b e is in, be able to comprehend and appreciate the connection between these two things, and, in 0 11 1' a case, be may not be a fit object of punishmen t ' But where he does know and understand this COn a nection, it is against public policy and incompatible with the safety of society that he should escape' for the obvious reason in this case, that the Pre" ventive effect of the punishment would be the ear° as in that of a person not mad at all. The consider' ations which would exempt such a criminal fre l3 2, punishment would be equally valid to exempt . 0 1 and every criminal whatever; because all criminals in committing crime are impelled by the atronges.' motives, and are therefore just as much as 0b 1 ! kind of maniacs, in a position to have it said that they are not masters of themselves or their actions. But, for all that, they both equally understood the connection between crime and punishment, and ar e therefore equally fit subjects for the o p era tioll our penal ordinances. COUNTRY MARKETS. »-~p..,.~.... LEEDS—TUESDAY. There were only small arrivals of fresh grain this srqk' Factors are very firm, and our millers are comp e lled to Fiv e the full pric es o f l as t T ues d ay. S pr i ng corn of all luau' in favour of the seller. Averages—July:lB—Wheat 44s 6id per clr• —Barley Od —Oats . 22s 8 5 d - - —Beane 38s llid —Peas 33410d -- LIVERPOOL—TUESDAY. There was a small attendance of both town and cotilll dealers at market this day. Wheat met with an acti % ,,t inquiry to hold over and for consumption at an advance v., Id per ceutal on last Friday's prices. For flour prices 31 . 1. 9 / be quoted same as of late, but good brands are more divi; cult to buy. Oats and oatmeal advanced in price. Bel very steady. Peas and barley without any change• Indian corn a limited trade was done, owing to the high prices asked. The Metropolitan Board of Works, An extra meeting of this board was held yesterday at the offices in Spring-gardens, the chairman, Mr S. Thwaites, presiding. Mr. Silas Taylor called attention to a report in the newspapers of a state ment made in the House of Commons the previous evening by Mr. Villiers, the President of the Poor- Law Board, to the effect that a bill relating to the casual poor of the metropolis was now being con sidered by the Metropolitan Board of Works. As no euch bill had been sent to this board that he (Mr. Taylor) was aware of, he thought that some explanation was due as to the grounds on which Mr. Villiers had made the statement. After some conversation as to whether the matter should or should not be allowed to stand over, the chairman said he had no doubt the President of the Poor-law Board had made the statement in the House of Commons in all good faith, inasmuch as the Secre tary of the Poor-La vv Board, who had visited the offices that morning, was greatly surprised when informed that this Board had not been communi cated with, The purpose of the proposed bill, which was called the Metropolis Casual Poor Act, was to remedy the great and painful evil, which was ap parent all over the metropolis, of poor homeless persons lying about the streets at night. The prac tice of some workhouses was to place a board outside the casual wards, stating that the place was full and so poor persons had to tramp from parish to parish perhaps all night without finding a resting-place. Some distressing cases had come before the public in consequence of this, and the Poor-law Committee had recommended that certai❑ means should be taken to remedy this. The bill for the purpose, which Mr Villiers intended to bring in, proposed that this board should raise £6,000 a year, which amount the Poor Law Board was to spend in providing lodging and food for the casual poor. This year the assessment would be made on the basis of the county rate, but he had explained to the Secretary of the Poor Law Board that that es sessment was contrary to the principle adopted in this country, as the county rate fell upon the owners of property, whereas the occupiers were bound to provide for the poor. The assessment, however, would only amount to one-twelfth of a penny, and next year a different arrangement might be made. Mr Nicholay spoke against the bill, which Mr Newton supported, as he thought it was a step in the direction of equalisation of poor rates. It was eventually agreed to leave the subject open until the next sitting of the Board. At the last Board meeting it was resolved to apply to Parlia ment for powers to make a new street between the Commercial-road East and Whitechapel, so as to have one continuous line of wide open street from the City to the Docks. The cost of the improve ment will be upwards of £115,000. Five of the East-end parishes, looking upon this as a great boon to the whole district, have cordially thanked the Board for taking this step. SHEFFIELD—TvEsDAY. There was an average attendance of buyers to-dal' Whe at with a moderate supply of wheat an d o th er grain. ~ sold slowly at former rates, and oa t s were held for is to kg more money. Barley was rather dearer. Beans and oth er articles unchanged. Red wheat, par load of 3 i mper i a l b ushels...l6s Od to 17 8 6J a White 11 , ...17s Od to 19, Od New red ..15s Od to 160 ,7 I New white Beans -- ~ 01 ~..18a Od to 2 0 s u l 156 °a ___ ~ 19 ...14s 6d to - Peas, per qr . 1) Grinding b ar l ey, per qr 29s Od to 30s 1 Malting ditto, 32s Od to 35 s O d Oats 22s Od totiPs v Floul; Is 4d to is 3d per 14 lb. MELTON MOWBRAY—TUESDAY. A moderate business was done in English wheat today. The following were the currencies :—New white virb e l! 44s Od to 48s Od ; new red, 38s Od to 45s per 36 14 ° 11 : beans, 43s to 43 s for old; new sorts, 36s to 39s per 33 ; barley, 32s to 35s f or ma lti ng , an d 28 s to 30s per qr . 12 grinding; new oats, 20s to 24s Od per 24 stone; old, 2 14 to 295. BRISTOL—TUESDAY. At our market to-day there was a firm trade done in wheat at the full prices of last week. Barley Gd, beans, peas, an d oats is per qr more money. M a i ze d ull. Mil!aimed Ought, after at is advance on the week. A HARBOUR ON FIRE. —Our harbour has been on fire for the last 24 hours, literally on fire (sari!, Baltimore paper). Th e sur f ace o f th e water for thousand ' of square yards has been a perfect flame, caused by tb destruction of the Italian ship Juliana, which took fi re whilst lying at the wharf and loading with petroleum. Sh e had on board 1,800 barrels, and had to be towed over to 00 opposite side of the basin to save the surrounding property . As the barrels burst, the oil spread over the water in a flasle. Births. BYWG.—On the 16th inst., at 4, Cleveland-row, the g ot ! . Mrs. Henryßyng (nee Countess Henrietta Danneskiol d)o of a daughter. BRANDON.--011 the 16th inst., at Barnes-common, g rik Woodthorpe Brandon, of a daughter. CARTWRIGUT.-01 1 the 17th inst., at 3, Clifton-0 4° ' Lady Elizabeth Leslie Melville Cartw r i g ht , o f a daug ll . ter. WARREN.—On the 17th inst., at S ou th sea, the wi f e ni '- Commander Frederic P. Warren, of a daughter. Marriages. CLARXE—COOPER. a — p p a n in t c he lar l k 9 e th , liantseto.,f Shanghai, a S n t g . h M a a i ,t c h h ei s i i 4; t ° o ft S k a ie r Y ah, cl y ti o a un re' gest daughter of Thomas Cooper, forme" of Kennel. SMITII—YEATES.—On the 16th inst., at St. James's, F ie :" eadilly, Percy Shawe Smith, Esq., late Captain 1311 Dragoons, to Annette, youngest daughter of W. Wils ° " - Yeates, Esq., of Norfohc-crescent, Hyde -park. Deaths. CUST.—On the 17th inst., at Belton Rectory, the 1 4 ° r " Rev. Richard Cust, prebendary of Lincoln, agod 7 9 . DUNBAR.—On the 18th inst., atWestbourne-terrace. 14 31; park, Colonel Peter Dunbar, late of th e 3d B enga l Lig Cavalry, aged 87. EsTcounT.—On the 16th inst., at Newnton house, Edward Dugdale Bucknall Estcourt, Esq., the youngo e . brother of the Right Hon. T. H. Sotheron 11 E 44°11r" M,P., aged 46. FELL.—On th e 18th inst., at Ambleside, William • ° 1), Esq., surgeon, aged 62. KATON.—On the 17th inst, Mrs. Adeliza Arabella list °° ' relict of the l a t e Vi ce-Admiral James Katon, aged 83' MOORS.--On the 17th inst., at Margate, Mr. John Moore, of St, John - street-road, London, aged 66. $ London: PrinZ e d and I'rbUshed by WILLIAM ANDli— of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tnn Sun Office No. ) 1 '; Strand, in th e P rec i nct of the Savoy, the Coval leR k l iddlellek—Wetlueeday, July 20, Isol. IN in w Ci AA I( Tli FRE Sol the Oh "Kit N( open 12th Re row, T' No CE ead It is Evan Ch; Geor, Re Geor Ruel P. W wa Char An Whol With term ;glom for o FOME atm and is al estal the r takit uhcra Who] to ca Ti: bury exte mid( Or appl of th if no Pr obta and Ti Inco Capi in( Deo, ot] MI J. C 1, CIVII CC CIA an J. I. J. C Fa Pa EI Da