The Sun. — London, England, 1854-04-15 00:00:00

itTNATRE ROYAL HAYUARrET. Lender the•maaageaient of Mr. jbastone. Tsis week "being Passion Week, the Theatre will be Closed, and will Re-open on Easter Monday, April 17, with a Comedy. After which, an entirely new and original extravaganza, enti led Mr. 11UC1CSTONE'S VOYAGE ROUND THE GLOBE (IN LEICES TER-SQUARE), written by 3. R. Planche, Esq., Author of Mr. Buckstone's Ascent of Mount Parnassu4, and which will be produced with entirely new scenery, machinery, dresses, and appointments. Principal characters by Mr. Buckstone, Mr. W. Farren, Mr. Clark, Mr. J. Marshall,..Mr H. Marshall: Mrs. Fltzwilliam, Mrs. Caulfield, Miss E. Grey, Miss Lydia Thompson, Miss Laura Morris, and Miss Featherstone, who is re-engaged at this theatre. With other En- tertainments, The box-office will be opened on Saturday next, the 15th inst. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET. under the Management of Mr. CHARLES KEAN. ON EASTER MONDAY, Will be performed RICHARD THE THIRD. The Principal Charactei by Mr. C. Kean. To be followed by THE LANCERS; or, The Gentleman's Son. Prlacipal characters by Messrs. Meadows, Ryder, Everett, H. Mellon, and D. Fisher; Mrs. Wlnstanley, Miss Daly, and Miss C. Leclerc/I, STRAND THEATRE. Sole Lessee Mr. F. W. Allcroft.—Directress, Miss Rebecca Isaacs, THIS EVENING, APan. 15, Mr. G. Hodson's Entertainment of PADDY'S PORTFOLIO. After which, Mons. Delavine and his two sons in their celebrated Drawing-Room Entertainment. To be followed by a Musical Melange, entitled THE GIPSY HAUNT. To which will be added Mons. Delavine on the Revolving Globe. To conclude with Mr. Cox's Dissolving Views. ASTLEY'S EUROPE'S NATIONAL .AMPRITHEAT RE. Lessee and Manager. &r. William Cooke. The Public are resp,ctially informed, that this popular establish ment will RE-OPEN on Easter Monday, April 17, with an entirely new Grand Nautical Equestrian Spectacle, written expressly by Mr. Nelson Lee. V41'1011.9 Novelties are in preparation for the Scenes of the Circle. Arrangements are pending for the appearance of emi nent Continental Equestrian Artistes. The goz-of fice w ill be opened on Thursday, the 13th instant, from Eleven till Four. EIIGII WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. TOM DAY —Morning 9 min.after 3 Evenin g 29 min.aft. 3 r o .m ozaow —Morning 4G min.after 3 , /boning 6 =Lan. 4 - THE WEATHER.—SIIN Ornes, Ann 15. THICRDIONZTZB, IN THE SHADS. 62—highest since noon yesterday. 44 —lowest this morning and during the night. 62—this day at noon. BAROMETER, 30 '09 —falling gradually. WIND, N.E. to E.—Light breeze, with fine weather. b t atl .' , g , _ . fl, LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 15, 1854. The cordiality of the alliance between France and England is no longer a matter in any way questionable. It is a fact no less completely than happily established. A Fact, if ever there was o f no p o s s ible mi sa pp re h ens i on. a Fact, admitting This alliance, too, is one founded upon no perish able basis. It is something better than a merely dynastic compact. It originates in no disgraceful complicity for evil ends brought about by the skill of diplomatic intriguers to serve the tempo rary purpose of a designing and ambitious admi nistration. It is an union of the two States, ef fected among every class, section, and party in each, with a deliberate and earnest co-operation. If ever there was unanimity, it has been visible in every step which has marked the rise and develop mentof this international friendship. It is a friend ship of that propitious character that its aim is mutually honourable to the associated countries—. being, in reality, the vindication of justice, rather than the pursuit of aggrandisement. It is a friend ship of that comprehensive character that it knits together the interests of the two Courts, of the two Cabinets, of the two Peoples, of the two Go veznmen It is a friendship of that practical character that it has already blended together in one common cause the forces of France and England, both military and maritime—that it has already despatched large bodies of the soldiers of both realms to that point on the shores of the Dardanelles at which Gallipoli is situated, to the end that marching onwards from that rendezvous they should, as opposed to the barbarism of the Russian autocracy, fight side by side the great battle of civilisation. Furthei illustration of the sincerity of this friendship be tween France and England has been given in the advance of their united fleets towards the coasts of Russia, through the channels of the Sound and of the Bosphorus. Is it not better, is it not more real, this union between the two States under Queen VICTORIA and the Emperor NAPOLEON, than that hollow and boasted entente cordiale which only served as a screen to the duplicity of King Loris PHILIPPE, and which enabled him the more successfully (for the time) to complete the heinous atrocity of the Spanish marriages, and which crumbled into dust simultaneously with the noise of his own contemptible downfall in the February Revolution ? Wonderful indeed have been those astounding events which have resulted in the establishment of this cordial understanding between the English and French Governments. Half a century has not elapsed since the close of that great war which VMS waged by England with such implacable ani mosity for fifteen years almost uninterruptedly against the extraordinary man who, during those fifteen years, wielded, first of all, for five years, the fasces of Republican France, and subsequently, for ten years, the sceptre of Imperial France, ruling supremely, more or less during the whole of that memorable interval, over the destinies of the European Conti nen t. Half a century has not elapsed since the termination of that marvellous epoch, and lo ! France and England are no longer estranged from each other by their almost immemorial jealousies. Instead of that, they are allied, heartily and thoroughly allied, although their Sovereigns are —over France NAPOLEON'S nephew, and over England GEORGE granddaughter. The prediction of the Captive of St. Helena is being fulfilled—Western Europe, bef >re fittY years have gone by alter the BAttle of Waterloo, is mustering, its force . ; to oppose the advance of those Cossack hordes which along the whole line of the Russian frontiers threaten the triumph of Barbarism and the destruction of Civilisation. The aspiration expressed years afte i rwards by the British Foreign Secretary, on yielding to the desire of the French nation that the remains of their dead hero should repose, as he himself had wished, on the banks of the Seine, in the midst of the people he had loved so well, that notable aspiration expressed by Lord L - ALmeitsToN, has already been realis e d the asp i ra ti on that the ancient. enmity whi c h had Subsist e d dur ing so ma ny centuries between France and Eng land should be buried in the tomb of NAPOLEON. A crowning testimony that it has b een so buried, and that out of that buried h a t red has sprung up this living, and let us hope perennial, friendship between the two countries, b e t ween between their peopl e and France and England , their rulers--4vas visible on the historic dust of the Champ de Mars on Wednesday, the 12th of April, 1854, -erlien 25,000 soldiers of the army of France were reviewed by the Emperor NAro- LEON, his Majesty having on his right hand a Prince of the RiTal House of England, and on his left a British Commander-in-Chief, one of the heroes of Waterloo, one of the most honoured and beloved of the lieutenants of the Duke of WELLINGTON. It was altogether a spectacle, that review, such as must have appealed to some of the noblest emotions among all who regarded it with impartiality and intelligence. It must have been an occasion productive of no feeble emotions, especially to the Emperor NAPOLEON 111., and to his guest the Duke of CAMBRIDGE -- that review of 25,000 of some of the finest troops of France, infantry, cav a l ry, artillery, Guides, Cuirassiers, Carabineers--passing before being replaced by one of less eminent rank, in order to allow of this arrangement. While the united armies despatched to the seat of war are to be placed under the supreme authority of the Marshal ST. ARNAUD, the French Commander in-Chief. Division of Council will, by the adop tion of this plan, be avoided. Unity of action by sea and land will be ensured—and while this advantage is secured to the cause of the allies of Turkey during the course of the campaign—a magnanimous tribute is offered respectively by France and England to their relative pre dominance. The greatest maritime and the greatest military nation on the earth, yield ing to each other the undisputed title of command on that element on which their chief glories have been won ! So that the navy which has hitherto vanquished all others against which she has been opposed, obtains, as was only reasonable, the precedence ! While the same grace is at once very naturally accorded to the army which has proved victorious alike in Europe, in Asia, and in Africa, overrunning in its triumphant course all the chief states of the former continent, t a ki n g almost everyone of its great capitals, Vienna, Berlin, Lisbon, Madrid, Milan, Rome, Naples, Warsaw, and Moscow, and being only conquered at last after all these amazing victories when the earth had risen " from the Tanais to the Thames," and Europe in arms appeared at the gates of Paris to avenge itself on the Revolution, and to over throw, in the person of NAPOLEON, its Imperial representative. England at the head of the navies, and France at the head of the armies, of the Expedition— Western Europe may, with a humble reliance on the aid of GOD, rest confident in the issue of the struggle proving the defeat of Barbarism, and the triumph of the interests of Civilisation. Preliminaries having been arranged—the diffi cult and delicate etiquette of precedence having been considered satisfactorily—let the allies of Turkey, by sea and by land, go to work at once, and that in earnest. Delays have already been too many. Lost time must be niade up for. The numbers of soldiers sent from France and. England to Galli poli are altogether inadequate for what has by them to be accomplished. Even those have not been sent out to the scene of conflict with suffi rapidity. Larger bodies of troops must follow, and greater despatch must be shown in their movement in the direction of the Crimea and of the Principalities. Energy may then repair betimes the evils produced by oar deplorable procrastination. Vigour tu the end may compensate for weakness in the beginning. Abortive notes, and hesitating proto cols, and Ministerial blundering, and diplomatic incapacity may in that case be forgotten iu the glory of victories won in the cause of Truth and in the interests of Justice, by the brave fellows conducted to battle—at sea by the Union Jack of England, and on land by the Eagles of NAPOLEON. Many useful reforms have been shelved in con iequence of the war. It seems as if our rulers conceived that the evils necessarily incidental to hostilities were not sufficiently onerous by them- • selves, but that they must carry many others, even more vexatious and annoying in their train_ No grievances, however intolerable, - will be re- dressed —no burdens mitigated —no reforms sanctioned—for the "country is at war," and all our energies must be devoted to its maintenance, and the public attention concentrated thereon, to the exclusion of all other topics, no matter how interesting or important. If Ministers had resolved upon making war unpopular —upon making the people join in the " peace at any price" twaddle of the Premier, and sacrifice honour, justice, and future security, to patching up a transitory and pre carious truce with the unrelenting opponent of constitutional freedom and civilisation, they could not adopt a line of policy better calculated to pro duce such a result. The tightness of the money market must be aggravated by artificial means. As if the drain of bullion occasioned by the dis turbed state of the political horizon would not alone prevent oug merchants and manufacturers from obtaining the monetary accommodation ' which they might require, they must be exposed ' to the formidable competition of a financial Mini ster, who will not be denied, and who instructs his organ to threaten the Directors of the National Bank with the severe retribution they may draw upon their devoted heads if they dare even to murmur while obeying his demands. As if casting the entire expenses of the contest on the present gene ! e ration were not a sufficient tax on our national resources, we must also pay off 8,000,000/. of the old debt, just at the moment of engaging in transactions of which it is impossible to calculate the duration or predict the result. But the same organ tells us that the sacrifice of that enormous sum was valuable as " a finan cial demonstration" ( !), and tells us, in a vein of banter in which the Leviathan does not fre quently indulge, that the pecuniary loss is nothing, for, " if the war goes on, as it is to be feared it will, we shall want so many millions to carry it on, that a balance of eight millions or so will sig nify little.in the reckoning." We can almost fancy the sardonic smile that must have played on the conntenance of the writer when patting forth these extraordinary argu:oents, and we can form Koine estimate of the motives of those behind the sceues, by whom the wires are palled which set the gigantic puppet in motion, when ;boy Werate the publication of such extraordi- na ry opinions. Yet it is quite clear that war is co be made intolerable, all its burdens bein ,, aggravated to the utmost extent, so that the de wand for peace may be univer sa l. But it would seem as if " the Old Lady" were running a little restive, arid that the Financial Minister is meeting some strange and unexpected opposition in that quarter. Ominous warning are uttered, significant intimations are ventilated, The mysterious oracle is aroused, and the Sybi, of Printing-house Square feels the coming in spiration— " Deus, ecce 1 Deus. Cui talia fanti. Anti forts, subito non rultus, non color unus, Non comte, mansere come; sed pectus anhelum, Et rabie fera corda tument ; majorique ridere Nec mortale sanans ; afflata est numine quando Jam propriore dei." Never did the oracle fulminate such threats against its most favoured prot e ge e . It a ll u d e s to b .` e t f h o e re el i t_ t ld the we spoiled, the wife we over indulgedservan t we have pampered," can trust itself to speak of those naughty boys of Threadneedle-street. Then, at le ng th , it gives vent to the sorrows of its mighty h eart, and hurls forth its indignation against the delinquents. "But, certainly (says the Times), we never saw relations more com pletely inverted, and claims put forth more arro gant and devoid of foundation, than those w hi c h aie now urged against Government by the Directors and supporters of the Bank of En laud" —that "most singular of a ll our institutions"-- as it is shortly after termed. There, certainly, must have been some terrible cause for this onslaught. We should not other wise have had so emphatic a reference to the various exclusive privileges enjoyed by the Old Lady, or the suggestion that " the question of their continuance may come before Parliament next session, seeing that after August, 1855, they may be abolished on twelve months' notice." What means the interrogatory, "When the Bank and its friends threaten (Quere—When did they do them in rapid succession to the mingled cries of Virent les Anglais, and Vive Erapereur, their bands playing alternately the National Anthem of England, and that plaintive but inspiriting air, composed by the EMPEROR'S mother, the beauti ful Queen HORTENSE, Partant pour la Syrie, the sound of which is not inappropriately audible, now that the lawless aspirant for the seizure of Palestine is about to be opposed by the military and maritime power of the Anglo-French Expe dition. Another and a scarcely less remarkable token of the perfect cordiality of this noble al liance between France and England has only just now been manifested. Allusion is made, of course, to the decision arrived at, that the united navies in the Black Sea shall be placed under the supreme command of the English Adrmral—the French Admiral, HAMELIN, THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, APRIL 15, 1854. so ?) to cut the connection of the Govern ment, does it not occur to them that the Government, on its part, might possibly be at least equally ready to sever its connection with the Bank ?" Couple this with the limit for the establishment of a really national bank which would undertake the management and payment of the dividends on the debts, and with it " the power of creating twenty or thirty millions of money, and employing it for any purpose which might be thought proper, and the holding in its own hands some ten millions of the public debt !" From these things, it is manifest that there is something very much out of the common going on. The old proverb tells us that when certain classes " fall out, honest men come by their own." And we certainly augur very favourably for the cause of monetary reform from this decided split between the Bank and the Exchequer. 'ONP ALT .1411liKET AND COMMERCIAL IA TELLIGENCE. CITY, TWO O'CLOCK. The Cotton and Share Markets at Liverpool yes terday (being Good Friday) were closed. Accounts from New York report a dull stock market. Money was rather tight. Freights were quiet. Breadstuffs were in limited request. Fo reign manufactures were in good demand, and the supply was adequate, but the prices realised were not altogether satisfactory. • Advices of the 14th inst. from Copenhagen report that H. M. frigateAmphion was ashore near Dragoe, and that all attempts to get her off had, up to that time, proved fruitless. The account of the Bank of England, made up for the week to the Bth inst. presents numerous changes, all referable, more or less, to the divi dend and other quarterly payments. The sum to the credit of the Chancellor of the Exchequer was largely drawn upon, while the balances of indi vidual depositors were greatly increased. The increase in Government Securities represents pro bably, the loans upon deficiency bills. The dis counts, it will be perceived, were less in amount, but there was a further withdrawal of bullion. Compared with the previous week, the changes are as follows : Active circulation Increase Bullion Decrease Rest £22,410,850 726,610 14,140,599 309,119 3,154,657 Decrease 602,919 Public Deposits 2,683,754 Decrease 1,762,034 Other Deposits Increase 2,782,835 Seven-Day and other Bills Increase 75,450 Government Securities 13,939,132 Increase 2,331,516 Other Securities 15,720,271 Decrease 802,455 Notes unemployed 4,968,755 Decrease 1,029,500 The amount of silver exported from London direct during the week to last Thursday was 188,827 ounces, and of gold, 4,020 ounces, nearly all to Hamburgh. There has not been an active market for public Securities, but the transactions are at steady prices generally. Consols have varied from 871 to 87i for transfer, and from 878 to for account. The New 3± per Cents, have been 871 to 87k. Bank Stock continues firm at 214 to 2141. East India Stock is worth 225 to 230. Exchequer Bills have been at par to 45., and India Bonds at 2s. premium. Foreign Stocks have been mostly nominal, and not higher in value. Spanish Threes have been quoted 36, and Mexican 231 to 24. Brazilian Old Bonds have realised 94. Russian 5 per Cents. have been at 92, and Dutch 4 per Cents. at 851. The Railway Share Market has been flat, mainly from paucity of business, and Great Northern, Great Western, Midland, and some of the other principal lines have been dealt in at lower rates. The French shares are nominal. The Gold Mining' Shares are heavy, and the Chartered Bank of India, Australia, and China have been done as low as ss. per share, or 14 discount. LATEST FOUEIGN .NEWS. THE BALTIC. HAMBURGII, APRIL 14.—Admiral Napier having received a report from Admiral Plumridge that eighteen Russian ships of war, authored at Hel singfors, wished to gain the port of Revel (Cron stadt ?), is making ready to attack them. COPENHAGEN, APRIL 14.—The British frigate Amphion, 34, Captain A. C. Key, is ashore near Dragoe. All attempts to get her off have hitherto proved fruitless. The French liner Austerlitz, 100, has arrived at Kioge Bay. of the other, and therefore, if Prussia so chose, she might neutralise the intentions of Austria and pro vent her from making war upon Russia. Austria will not yield to this, and it is expected that the fear of isolation will at length overcome the last scruples of Prussia, and Mduce her to ratify the Convention as at first set forth. A Berlin lett er d ate d April 11, says ;—" The history of the pres en t t reaty of alliance, offensive and defensive, between Austria and Prussia, which was provisionally concluded here last Friday, but has since met with some objections at Vienna as regards certain military stipulations, may be traced thus :—Prussia, after rejecting the overtures of the 'Western Powers in February of this year, and the second edition of them as published by Austria in the beginning of March, began soon to feel sensible of the dangers of isolation ; for it was evi dent that Austria did not intend to be held back by Prussia's determined neutrality, and that, if the latter would not go forward with the former, the former would not wait any longer for the latter, but would proceed to occupy Servia, as soon as see could arrange matters with the Western Powers and the Porte. A despatch sent from here to Graf Arnim at Vienna, under date of March 6, runs pretty nearly thus „:—The measures that Austria had taken for the protection of her interests on her south-eastern frontier had been followed with interest here. Prussia would, it was true, like the rest of the German States, have to observe the particular position she should take up, but this should offer no hindrance to her coming to an understanding with Austria. On the con trary, Prussia was quite ready and willing to come to some understanding, as far as the protection of German interests was conc e r ne d. Information was therefore requested-1, whether Austria in tended, for the preservation of the tranquillity of her own provinces, to occupy the adjacent Turkish territories ? or, 2, whether she intended to hold them as a pledge until peace was attained ? or, 3, whether she intended to take an active part in the war ? According as the answers to these questions turned out, Prussia would be in a position to judge how far the protection of German interests was con cerned in Austria's programme, and if she could in any way contribute to alleviate the pressure that might possibly be put upon Austria by the Western Powers. It was with the hope of turning this slight demonstration of goodwill towards a bolder policy, that Baron von Hess has been sent here, after some considerable time had been lost in fruitless diplomatic correspondence. On the first two, the defensive points, and the mutual assurance of each other's territory, if attacked, aperfect understanding has been attained, but the points on which fresh instructions have been sent for to Vienna, and to which Austria has already objected, are those in which the cases are defined, in which an offensive action of Austria against Russia would destroy her claim to Prussia's assistance. This latter is gua ranteed for a variety of conjunctures in which Austria may find her own and Germany's interests so jeopardised as imperatively to require her to assume an offensive attitude ; but the result of the co-operation of the two military diplomatists so frequently alluded to has been to introduce some stipulations on this head to which, as already men tioned, Austria has objected. This opposition On the part of Austria will, I expect, have the result that these over scrupulous and considerate stipu lations will be withdrawn, and that the co-operation of the gentlemen above alluded to will in future be as entirely a nonentity as the organs of the party would make the public believe it has been from the beginning. As .artn evidence of a more wholesome appreciation of the position, I have telegraphed to you to-day that a commission was formed yesterday for the purpose of deliberating ou and settling the military details of the treaty with Austria, composed of the Prince of Prussia, General Bonin, the Minister of War, and General Reyher, the chief of the general staff. These are theineu who are entitled by birth and by office to take part in such weighty deliberations at such an important juncture. Taken in connexion with the signing of the last Vienna protocol, the conclu sion of the treaty with Austria, the vote of the Chambers, and the continuation in office of the two Ministers who had made the signing of the protocol cardinal question by which they would stand or fall, we may now confidently consider that Prussia is fairly embarked in an onward course of Euro ' pean co-operation opposed to the grasping policy of the Court of St. Petersburg. General von Lindheim has returned here from St. Petersburg without bringing any fresh proposals, and Prince George of Mecklenburg, who his returned hither from Neu Strelitz, leaves here again for St. Peters burg next Thursday or Friday, without taking with him anything like overtures or proposals, as far as I have heard. The Duke of Saxe-Coburg has on several occasions expressed a desire, as soon as Prussia proceeds to any active military opera tions, to be invested with a command. The gene ral promotion in the army which usually takes place at the Ordensfest, but was put off this year in the anticipation of a more fitting opportunity occurring soon, will now very shortly be published. A similar movement may also be expected in the civil service." TURKEY IN ASIA. The following is from Erzeroum, dated Feb. 28 : —" Owing to the still continued severity of the weather impeding all military operations, I have thought that a short account of this important place, so little known in Europe, may not be alto gether uninteresting, particularly as it is probable that Armenia and Kars will be the theatre of a sharp struggle in the coming spring and summer. The Pashalic or Ayalet of Er-ze-Room (" Land of the Greeks," in the Turkish language) ranks, in point of importance, among the first of the Turkish empire. It is governed by a Vizier, whose autho rity extends over the sanjaks or provinces of Erze roum, Tchilder, Kars, Bayazid, Van, and Moosh, containing, altogether, a population estimated roughly at 800,000 souls. The province of Erze rount is divided into 14 " cazas," or districts, con taining in all about 1,500 villages. It is impossible, in this country, to obtain correct statistical infor mation, because the Government is indifferent to the subject, and also because the natives are too ignorant to afford it, or those who can do so, fear ing that it might be used to their prejudice, mis lead inquirers by erroneous statements. It is there fore impossible to state accurately the population of the town of Erzeroum, but it may be estimated as follows : Turks Orthodox Armenians Catholic Armenians Persians .. 30,000 5,000 ...... 2,300 1,200 300 Greeks Russian subjects, consisting principally of Armenians and a few Georgians and Jews 1,200 Total inhabitants Add garrison force at the present moment 10,000 COURT CIRCULAR. WINDSOR, APRIL 14, The Queen and Prince, with the Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred, rode on horseback yesterday afternoon, attended by Lord Charles Fitzroy, Lieutenant-Colonel F. H. Seymour, and the Hon. Mary Bulteel. The Princess Helena, Princess Louisa, and Prince Arthur, took a drive in an open carriage. Her Majesty and his Royal Highness Prince Albert, the Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal, Princess Alice, and the Duchess of Kent attended Divine service this morning in the Private Chapel, which was per formed by the Hon. and Rev. G. Wellesley. Viscount Palmerston left town on Thursday for Brock et-hall, Herts. Despatches for the Governcrs of the North American Provinces were sent last evening from the Colonial offices. COURT OF BANKRUPTCY.-(THIS DAY. (Before Mr. Commissioner Goulburn.) IN RE ROSENBURG. This bankrupt was described as late of the Albany, Piccadilly, Rotherhithe, &c cask manufacturer, and to day was appointed for his last examination. The bank rupt, who was a man of scientific attainments, had de signed and patented certain improvements in the manu facture of casks and barrels, and had taken out patents for, England, Ireland, and Scotland. He had also been connected with the Jersey Brandy Company. The bankruptcy occured so far back as April, 1853, but the acounts were so intricate that it had been im practicable to prepare them until the present time. The balance sheet, prepared by Messrs. Robinson and Knowles, Basingball-street, commencing Dec., 1851, and ending April, 1853, shows—Debtor to creditors by 3,5211. 19s. 4d.; to ditto holding security, 4,0801. Bs. 3d. ; to Jersey Brandy Company, balance of partner ship account, 8671. ; capital, 7891. ; profits, 5,990 ; cre ditors' good debts, 361. 16s. 6d. ; property held by creditors under patents, 3,000/. ; interest in the Patent Cooperage Company, 8,4281. ls. Bd. ; cash, 510/. ; losses, 1,807/. ; interest, &c., 1,5991. 7s. 3d. ; personal, 7971. 13s. 4d. The bankrupt estimates the value of the patents al from 20,000/. to 30,000/. Mr. Knowles put in a certificate, stating that the bankrupt was prevented by illness from attending, and an adjournment was granted. A PLAN TO AUGIVIENT THE NUMBER OF • OUR SEAMEN. The following plan has been suggested to some influ ential per,:onages connected with the Government, by the Rev. G-. H. Stoddart At this time, when men are wanted to complete the crews of our ships, an opportunity opens (with advan tage to the State and to the public service) to confer a boon on many individuals. The class alluded to are those who, aftz'r having un happily lapsed into crime (not of a flagitious character), have expiated some portio❑ of the sentence for it, and, moreover, conducted themselves so as to evince amend ment of life. The masters of our gaols and penitentiaries, and all superintendents of convicts should be directed to report to the Secretary of State, all cases under their cogni zance where such individuals had passed one-third or or inure of the term of their punishment, and where it can be certified (by two or three of the officials in charge of them) that they have expressed contrition, and mani fested obedience of behaviour. Doubtless, if such cases were commended to her Ma jesty, the Queen's gracious pardon might be extended to them, ou the easy condition of their volunteering for the sea-service, during the unexpired portion of their sen tence (a respectable outfit being at the same time granted as a bounty). Four great points would be thus gained— . • First. The number of our seamen would be augmented. Secondly. The expenses of our convict establishments would be diminished. Thirdly. Room would be provided for the increased number of convicts, who are not henceforth to be trans ported beyond the seas. Fourthly and chiefly. A return to an honourable and useful life would be opened to many a repentant indi vidual. We give our readers the details of this project, being both pleased with the proposals submitted by the Rev. Mr. Stoddart, and believing that the suggestions of one of a family who have done good public service will be favourably received by the public as well as by the Government. Tux COURT.—As at present arranged, the Court will leave Windsor Castle for Buckingham Palace on Mon day, the 24th inst. On to-morrow and the succeeding Sunday the bands of the regiments in garrison (the Royal Horse Guards Blue, and the 97th Foot) will play on the eastern terrace, to which the public will be admitted as usual. The bands will also play on Easter Monday and Tuesday, when the eastern terrace and parterre will be thrown open after two o'clock in the afternoon of each day. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Mary have left town for Kew Cottage. The Duke of Cambridge, attended by his aide-de-camp, the Hon. Major James Macdonald, and accompanied by Lord Raglan, is expected to leave Paris on Monday for Marseilles, cm route to embark for the seat of war in the East. The Marquis of Clanricarde, who has gone on a visit to his Irish estates, returns to Carlton-terrace, from Portumna Castle, at the close of the month, for the season. GOOD FRIDAY AT WlNDSOR.—Yesterday, the influx of visitors from London was very great, vastly exceeding anything of the kind since the first Good Friday after the opening of the Great Western Railway. The bulk of the passsenger were conveyed by the South-Western line, the trains of which ran the same as en week days —the Great Western trains running as on Sundays. After 10 o'clock in the morning, up to two o'clock Jri the afternoon, each succeeding train by the South-Wes tern disgorged its hundreds at the Datchet-lane station, and the town, especially in the nei, , flibourhoosi of the Castle, was crowded like a fair. Many of the early visitors attended Morning Service in the Chapel Royal, where they would be surprised. and disappointed at the total absence of the musical and choral accompaniment, which is always dispensed with during Roston week. From two to three o'clock in the afternoon, the Lord Chamberlain's office was literally besieged for tickets of admis4on to view the State apartments, and the nu_nher of persons who passed through that portion of the Palace must have been very large. OBSERVANCE OF GOOD FRlDAY.—Yesterday the ces satioti from business was generally observed throughout the metropolis. Never on any precious recurrence of the day is it remembered to have been more strictly kept, the different places of publid worship having been all well attended at the morning service. In the after noon the railway stations and the river steamboat piers were thronged with an eager multitude, immense num bers leaving for short excursions. The great attraction of yesterday, however, appeared to be the Crystal Palace at Synlenham, some hundreds going down the rail to view the progress of the building. There were a great many fresh omnibuses put on the Sydenham-road yesterday, and they all obtained an abundance of pas sengers. The Gravesend, Woolwich, Greenwich, Chel sea, and above-bridge steamers were extensively patro nised, and, to judge from the numbers carried, their pro prietors must have reaped an abundant harvest. At Hornsey-wood-house there was a grand display of wrestling by the men cf Cumberland and Westmore land, which attracted a great many visitors. GOOD FRIDAY AT THE POST-OFFICE.—For the first time, Good Friday was observed yesterday at the Ge neral Post-office, in the same manner as hitherto on Christmas Day only. A notice was issued by the auth rities that no deliveries of letters would take place after noon in the district metropolitan branch, the morning mails from the country being delivered, and letters for the country being despatched in the evening in the ordi nary manner. The small number of letters posted on previous anniversaries of the day made the deliveries in the metropolis almost a matter of form excepting that it necessitated the attendance of the hard-working class of men employed in this branch of Post-office duty, and there is no doubt that the new arrange men t w ill prove as satisfactory to the public as it is a great boon to the letter-carriers, in affording a little relief from their laborious duties. THE WIVES AND CHILDREN OF SOLDIERS ON SER VICE.—We are informed that the committee of the York shire Association in aid of the Wives and Families of Soldiers ordered to the East, having addressed a cir cular letter the clergymen and dissenting ministers throughout the county, a collection will be made in their several places of worship, after Divine service, on the 26th inst., in aid of the funds of the association. THE COLOURING OF THE SYDENHAM CRYSTAL PALACE. —The colouring of the building itself is greatly altered from that of Hyde-park, about which there was so much discussion ; the shafts of the columns are painted red, snd the result is, as it seems to us (though perhaps part may be due to the form of the roof and other features), that the building appears very much shorter than it is by the real difference between the two structures. It would be wrong, however, to discuss this before the trees and shrubs, with which the red colour seems likely to har omfotnhiez_ei well, ot r 0 r a r i s e n i o n w tvheeriyr efine, s and isA An so y in way, r t . la j e o e n ff e e s c ,s t —The Build er original drawing. The _Miscellaneous shares are rather cheaper, BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY.—CLOSING PRICE ( From the Official List. ) BII4IIIPRo , innf ............ 2141 14 874 si 225 30 2p 87 , 5 3 ink Stock .......... ! per Cent. Reduced 3 per Cent, Consols Annuitic , 2 New 3.1 per Cent. Annuities In lia Stook !Tillie Bonus, £lOOO . . Consols for Account 18th Apri` Exchequer Bills, 2d 1000 ..... 4 p par PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS THIS DAY. ilrtzilian Bonds, 5 per Cent. lesicau 3 per Cent. Russian Bonds, 1822, 5 per Cent. X St 92 90 Sardinian Bonds, 5 per Cent... ..... Spanish Bonds, 3 per Cent 36 oivAlendi on the aNyve p 4 yAbie in London, Dutch Exchange, 2i per Cent. 12 Gull Ditto 4 per Cent. Corthieates Consols Ditty April Account THREE O'CLO(N, 87. 874 AME RICA. Yesterday morning the United States mail steam ship Pacific, Captain' Nye, arrived in the Mersey, with the usual mails from the United States and British North America. The Pacific, which was to have sailed from New York on the Ist inst., did not leave that port until the following day (in con sequence of the heavy fog), and has brought, be sides the mails, 170 passengers. The United States mail steam-ship Baltic, from hence on the 21st ult. for New York, was passed on the 3d by the Pacific. On the 29th the American mail steam-ship Franklin arrived out. Nothing had been heard up to the departure of the steamer of the City of Glasgow, which sailed hence on the Ist of March for Philahelphia. The Washington Union (official organ) predicts war with Spain. Business less active. The money market was much higher-1 to 1 i per cent. per month. Stocks depressed and gloomy. Breadstuffs - down and the closing very dull, Flour selling slow at seven dollars. The cotton market was dull and down a quarter cent. There was no demand for provisions except at reduced prices. Freights were rather lower. Exchange on Lon don 108', ditto on Paris 5.15. BIRTH AND PEDIGREE OP " CHARLIE" NAPIER.—The commander of the Baltic fleet was born on the 6th of March, 1786, and is the eldest son of the Hon. Charles Napier, of Merchiston Hall, in the county of Stirling, and captain in the royal navy, by his second wife, Christian, daughter of Gabriel Hamilton, Esq.. of West burn, Lanarkshire. The gallant admiral is grandson of Francis, fifth Lord Napier. Sir Charles entered the navy before be was 14. PRESENT TO THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON.—A deputation of Arabs of Algiers, consisting of Hadji Mohammed Raruaaut Mufti .Hanefi, Abd-er-Rahmati-Ouldidamin-el- Benain, principal Mann of the Great Mosque, Ahmed Boukandoura, assessor of the Imperial Court, and Ahmed ben-Abd-el.'Etif, a notable inhabitant, are about to arrive in Paris, to offer to the Emperor a magnificent flag, which has been prepared for the native riflemen of the colony. On ene side of the flag is an imperial eagle with a crown, the letter "N" in a crown of oak, and the arms of Algiers, consisting of a lion arid a palm tree, On the other side is a poetical inscription in Arab, of which this is the translation :-- 4 ' This standard will shine he fields of glory, and will fly to success with Divine assistance. It has been executed by the Mussul►nar,s of Algiers, and is offered to the native soldiers who form part of the French troops which are sent to the assistance of the Ottoman empire. The year 1270 (1854)." Tile style in which the flag is executed and embroidered does the highest credit to the native artists.- Galignani. EXTENSIVE ROBBERIES.—The barge owners and carriers on the Severn and the canals communicating with it, and extending the traffic into Gloucestershire. Herefordshire, arid Worcestershire, have complained loudly of late of robberies committed on board the►r vessels, and consequently some little stir has been occa sioned at Gloucester by the apprehension this week of eleven persons, farmers, labourers, and watermen, charged with robbing a vessel, the Safety, lying at Glou cester-qua,y, of four sacks of wheat, a sack of linseed, a sack of vetches, and a barrel of plaster of P:klis. The parties apprehended were William Dolby. J. Harman, and G. W. Manley of the Safety, and H. Brown► (farmer), Elias Brown (farmer), Jeremiah Organ (farmer), and Thomas Morfield, William Nicholls, George Panting, and Richard Darke (labourers). Of these Darke, Nicholls, Manley, and Panting were discharged, but the others were fully committed for trial at the next Glou cestershire Assizes. It appeared that the articles were placed on board the vessel to go into Herefordshire, on Saturday, the Ist April, and that the vessel lay in the Severn that night. Alter nightfall a boat was seen to go to the vessel, and then the men in her rowed away in the direction of Sandhurst, a village about three miles out of Gloucester. The stolen grain appears to have been taken to the house of Morfield, and he sold it at a suspicious price to the farmers and others. Wheat, worth 10s., was sold at ss. per bushel, and these farmers and other parties are charged with receiving it, knowing it to have been stolen. Some of the grain was placed in cider casks in the cider house, with a barrel of cider on each side ; and it appears that a portion of the plaster of Paris was sold to an old woman for flour, and that she did not discover the difference until she experienced a difficulty in making her bread rise. The farmers were admitted to bail. DARING ATTEMPTED ROBBERY IN THE STRAND.— Shortly before six o'clock yesterday morning, a most daring attack, for a second robbery within the last few months past, took place in the premises of Messrs. Low, Son, and Benbow, perfumers to her Majesty, near the New Church, in the Strand. Not long ago a large quantity of valuable combs and other property was taken from warehouses of the said firm, and never since re covered. The discovery of another attempt took place as follows :—lt appears that the son of Mr. Bastow, of No. 3, New Church Court, in the Strand, had occasion to go to his situation between six and seven o'clock, and when Mrs. Bastow called him she was surprised to find a large number of valuable combs wrapped up in a piece of dirty cloth in her passage, and on further inquiry it was aseertainel that Messrs. Low and Co's. warehouses had been entered, which warehouses adjoin the backs of the first three 'houses in New Church-court. The police were instantly communicated with, and a most search ing inquiry took place, from which suspicion is attached against a party whom it would be necessary to capture, but at present, from prudential motives, their named are not made public, THE Dt*i_NUßE. Letters from Bucharest of the 6th state that the Russians have not crossed Trajan's Wall, and have not made any other movement in advance. Nothing is yet known as to the occupation of Tchernowda, which was to precede a passage of the Danube, near Rossowa. The rumour of a battle near Rossowa is devoid of all foundation. It is stated from Orsowa, under date of the Ist, that the Turks had made a reconnaissance as far as Maglavitza to ascertain if the Russians had really retired from their positions before Kalafat. It was directed by Ismail Pacha, who was accompanied by th e F renc h officers Dupuis and Mercier, the Irish cavalry officer O'Reilly, and the Piedmontese General Gardin. It led to some slight skirmishes. The Turks found that the Russians bad large forces between Golentza and Maglavitza ; and the latter place 15,000 men with 16 guns. At Kalafat, rediffs and other forces were constantly arriving. At Belgrade, a notification has been published that all Prussian subjects and persons belonging to the Germanic Confederation must cause themselves to be inscribed at the mu nicipality, under pain of exposing themselves to serious inconveniences. The Austrian Government has, it is said, given to the Servian Government the assurance that the Austrian troops will not occupy the Principalities if tranquillity should continue to prevail. It is not at all improbable, writes the Paris cor respondent of the Times yesterday evening, that there may be some serious foundation for the rumours which have been in circulation for the last two or three days, of hostile encounters on the Danube, arid of their being to the advantage of the Turks ; and even the report of something hav ing occurred at Odessa may not turn out so devoid of foundation as was imagined. Our accounts from Constantinople of the sth, state that the city was illuminated,and that the rejoicings took place in consequence of victories reported to have been gained by the Turkish army on the Danube It is also said that Omer Pasha had set out for the Dobrudscha,, for the purpose of directing in person operations on a large scale, and that the Russians had been obliged to re-cross the Danube. These and other details relating to the theatre of war you will no doubt have to a date more recent than from Paris, and therefore I think it superfluous to en ter into details which must have reached Vienna before this. Accounts from Odessa of the Ist state that on that day the combined fleets were seen, and so great was the terror that the inhabitants were preparing to quit the city for the interior. An army of 20,000 Russians was stationed in and near Odessa, which was otherwise well fortified and prepared for defence. ST. PETERSBURG. The Journal de St. Petersbourg of the sth con tains the following :-- "To :fide-de-Gawp General Count Woronsoff. " Prince Michael Semenovitch—llaving received your report on your giving up to General of Cavalry Read, of the Administration of the Caucasii:4, and the command of the brave troops there collected, fully ippreciate the sentiments with which you have Ift that country, and not less than you I regret it— ' knowing that an urgent necessity could alone oblige you to quit temporarily, under present circumstances, a ca reer to which you have devoted nine years of indefati gable activity, not less signalised by your feats of arms than by your administrative acts. The useful enter prises already execu,ed by you should be a consolation to you ; but, notwithstanding your bad health, you have prepared local measures for meeting the events which are now being developed, and you have drawn up pru dent instructions, which have convinced me that all your views are in conformity with my intentions. In repeat ing to you the assurance of my most sincere gratitude for your brilliant services, and for your exemplary abrie ation, I cordially desire that, after the re-establishment of your strength, you will soon return to the Caucasus, for the welfare of that province, and the interest of the country.--I remain for ever, your affectionate "St. Petersburg, March 29." "NInEoLA.s. " To Aide-de-Camp General Prince Gortschakoff. " Prince Michael Dinitrievitch— By the brilliant pas sage of the Danube, effected on the 23d ult., you have crowned the Russian arms with new glory. The troops under your command in person effected in three points the passage to the right bank of the river, and took by assault several redoubts of the enemy. Alarmed at our bold attack, the Turks fled, and aban doned to us without striking a blow the fortresses of Tultscha and Matchin, which had been defended by garrisons of fifteen thousand men. Seeing in this ex ploit a pledge of our future successes against the enemies of the holy religion and of the country, I charge you to express my most sincere gratitude to our brave troops and to their valiant chiefs ; and at the same time confer ring on you, in testimony of my cordial gratitude for your distinguished services, my portrait enriched with diamonds, to be worn at your button-hole. I remain unchangeably your affectionate " St. Petersburg, 3d April." " NICHOLAS, The Russian government having ordered that all soldiers who had received unlimited furloughs should immediately return to the service, the Chief of the Police of Warsaw published a proclamation on the Bth, declaring that inhabitants giving refuge to a soldier of this class attempting to conceal himself, shall be severely punished if he does not immediately denounce him. The last imperial ukase ordains the calling in of more reserves. It is estimated that this measure will increase the army by 120,000 men. THE BLACK SEA. An officer on board one of her Majesty's ships in the Black Sea writes on the 28th ult. :—" We are now at Kavarna, a large bay, about 120 miles from the Bosphorus and above Varna. The Rus sians, 50,000 we are told, have crossed the Danube at Galatz, and they are going to cross at Rassova with 25,000 men, by which movement they hope to cut off the 25,000 Turks in the Dobrudscha. We expect a steamer to-night from near the Turkish position, which will tell us if they aro in danger. If so, we shall probably go short to the nearest point, and embark the troops and bring them to Varna. This is most probably the latest news you can have." Two hundred and sixty-seven vessels have arrived at Constantinople from the Black Sea, only fuur of which were in ballast. Fifteen thousand men were expected from Egypt, -who will immediately on arrival be forwarded to Batoum under the escort of English and French :4 tempers. Grand total If travellers are to be credited, Erzeroum, in le time when the G enoese h e ld possession of? it, numbered 100,000 souls, and at the period of the Russian invasion in 1828-9 about 80,000. Pesti lence and emigration are the principal causes of this striking diminution. The town contains 28 khans, 13 public baths, 70 mosques and mesjids (small mosques or chapels), besides a Roman Catholic, a Greek, and a large and handsome Armenian church. The khans are at present oc cupied by troops (to the great discomfort of travellers), as the barracks only suffice for one regiment of four battalions, or 3,856 men. The houses are mostly built of a dark grey volcanic stone, cemented with mud, and strengthened with timbers inserted horizontally at cer tain distances in the walls, which, being rarely plastered, gives the town a dull appearance. Some of the apartments in the larger houses are hand some, and the ceilings, of carved wood, are gilt and painted. The rough external appearance of the houses is studied, as are the low and dirty entrances to them, lest they should be fixed upon by the authorities as lodgings for strangers, or be se ized for • military or civil purposes. The roofs are flat and covered with several feet of earth, which renders them warm in winter and cool in summer, but not impervious to rain and melting snow in the spring. The streets of Erzeroum are irregularly built, and, like all Turkish towns, CONDUCT OF PRUSSIA. unpaved and filthy. The scavenger dogs ar e The conduct of Prussia occasions, says a Paris as numerous as at Constantinople, are of the letter of Thursday, much anxiety and discontent same breed, and appear to be as fully deter to the French Government, and many who were mined to keep possession of their own districts, hitherto the last to despair of her rallying to the from which an intruder is quickly dre good cause be g i n to fear that her hesitation is but back to his own quarter. The town is well the prelude t o h er fi nal abandonment of the all i e d supplied with excellent water, conducted through Powers, and that she will act frankly only when wooden pipes from springs issuing fro the moment comes for her to declare that she acts the Palan Duken Mountain to the° nume• m with Russia. It is impossible not to see that,• rous fountains, which are to be found in every whatever be the desire to tranquillise the public part of the town. The city is 6,200 feet above the mind, at bottom there is suspicion and mistrust. level of the sea, and 200 above the surrounding The Independence of Brussels states that the plain, which, like that of Baibout, possesses all the precise point on which differences nave arisen be- characteristic features of the upper steppes of Ar tween Austria and Prussia, on the subject of the menia, in the almost total absence of 'trees and in offensive and defensive treaty, is whether one of the sterility of the mountains which border it. Pine the two Powers can engage in war without having timber is used in the construction of houses, or for previously c onsu lt e d th e o th er . fuel, and is a heavy item of expense in this part of BERLIN, April 11,—C o lonel Ruff has returned th e coun t ry. The poorer classes burn dried cow from Vienn a , b r i ng i ng a re f usa l t o accept the clause dung, compressed into cakes. It consumes slowly, which Prus s i a p roposes t o i nser t in the Convention gives out a f a i r heat, and is of course much cheaper. the Austrian Gov ernmen t. It is understood that the winter in stables where their cattle are kept, one whereas an important article of the Convention corner of which is divided off by a low partition, and stipulates that i n th e even t o f o ne of the contract- raised above the stable floor. The principal imports ing parties fi n di ng i tse lf at war th e other sh a ll come here are British and Swiss m anufactures, colonial to its succour, Prussia wishes to add a special clause produce, iron, tin, madder root, indigo, and galls. more or less secre t, t o th e e ffect that war must I The exports from the Pa.slialic consist of furs,, skins always be concerted between the two parties. The of goats and sheep, buffalo hides, goat and sheep action of the one would thus depend on the consent .1 woo l WAX and tallow , pipestioks, copper, and lead. VARNA, April I.—The fleets have left in the ireetiou of Sebastopol. CIRCASSIA, In a Cdnstantinople letter of the 25th, published at Malta, we read :—" The English steamer Samp son, which had been sounding on the coast of air cassia, returned on the 21st, bringing tidings of a complete victory gained by the Circassians over the Russians. Early in March the Circassians, provided with arms and ammunition, attacked the Russians, and, a severely contested battle, drove them into their castles on the coast. These castles were surrounded and repeatedly attacked during four continous days. Finally, the Russians, fear ing to be cut to pieces, blew up their powder magazines, and sought shelter in ships. " The captain of the Sampson reports that when some Russians had aband one d two bl ock-houses situated on a hill, the Circassians threw themselves on them and cut the whole to pieces. The same steamer bad spoken with a Russian vessel pro ceeding to Sebastopol, laden with fugitive soldiers. The loss of the Russians had been considerable. The coast of Circassia is at present free from the enemy. Tee principal trades carried on are tanning, dyeing, morocco (red and yellow), preparing sheepskins for pelisse s , h orses h oes and nails, and blacksmiths ' and coppersmiths' work. The greatest security prevails in tran s p or ti ng goods from and to Trebizond, and the usual means is on mule or horse back. Asses are solely employed for the transport of bar iron_ and charc oa l. C amels are rarely used because of the hard a n d s t oney nature of the ground. . usual burden o f a camel is about 240 okes, or 6801 b. (an oke is 211 b. English), that of a horse or mule 3401 b., and of an ass 1701 b. The roads, or rather tracks, are wretched. Some efforts were made to construct a road commencing from Tre bizond, but the war with Russia has caused it to be abandoned for the present. British manufac tures (principally cottons) to the amount of two millions sterlin g annua ll y pass from Trebizon d . through Erzero um i n t o P ersia. Provisions of a l l kinds are cheap!; the following are the present winter prices, in summer fully one-third less :—Good whole some brown bread (no white to be had), 2d. the oke (241 b.) • mutton, very good, sid. th e o k e ; beef, very inferior, 3d. th e oe ; eggs, 3d. the dozen ; fowls, 6d. each ; pigeons, Bd. a couple ; part ridges, 9d. a brace ; best butter, 7d. a pound ; milk, lid. a quart. Vegetables are three-fourths of the year very cheap, but at present scarce, and rather dear. Wood and charcoal is also now dear: The country also produces rock salt and na tive soda. As to liquors, the principal sort used is an imported spirit called " rakee," made from the stems of the grape bunch, and flavoured with anis, of which the Christian population drink great quan tities, and the Mussulmans are beginning to follow their example. The race of horses is small, but they are hardy and sure-footed, and vary in price from 5/. to 10/: ; oxen for labour, 5/. ; mulch cows, 1/. to 11. 10s. ; sheep, 9s. to 10s. ; goats, 6s. to 7s. Very little fruit is grown here, the market being supplied from Tortoon. There is a weekly post, established not long ago, for the conveyance of letters and specie between Erzeroum, Trebizond, and Const an ti nop l e. The presence of European consuls at Erzeroum has done much towards civilis ing the country and bettering the condition of the rayalis (Christian population), by keeping a check on the conduct of the Pashas or governors. Twenty years ago a Frank was rarely seen here, and was sub ject to insult and vexation. Now the inhabitants !lave become completely accustomed to the sight of Europeans, and every day European innovations make their appearance among the better classes ; and, although some of these changes may appear trifling, still they show how prejudice is disappear ing before civilisation. A striking instance of this is seen in the modern-erected palace or building (which also contains the police-office, Custom house, Alc.), on which a slanting tiled roof has been placed, the only one in the town, every other house having a flat cumbrous one. The state of education in this country, and I believe throughout Asia Minor, is at a very low ebb. The learning of the best-instructed Mahomedau does not extend beyond a knowledge of the Koran and some com mentaries on it. Many among the upper classes cannot write, and when anything is required to be * . ommitted to paper they apply to public scribes. Everything at school is learnt by rote, and the reasoning faculties of the scholars are not exer cised and developed. When once they know how to read and write, their education is sup posed to be completed. In fact, it is only among those who have been educated at Con stantinople that one meets with any degree of literary knowledge. Their ignorance of arithmetic surprising. Even among the State financiers, none know more than addition and subtraction, and, to perform simple operations in multiplication, they have recourse to long addition. Very few know what a million is ; indeed, there is not a word in Turkish to express the sum, and the Euro pean word has been adopted. Ignorance on this point may be thus explained :—Large sums, instead of being c oun t e d b y p i astres, are reckoned by purses (kesseh), by loads (yule), and by treasures (hazneh), the kesseh being equal to 500 piastres, the yuk to 200 purses, or 10,0,10 piastres, and the hazn e h to 36,000 purs es , or 18,000,000 piastres. The Chris tians of Erzerouni are perhaps, comparatively, not so ignorant as the Turks, but there are among them also many striking examples of ignorance. Some of the Armenian clergy actually cannot read, nor indeed understand their religious books, which are written in ancient Armenian, though they daily' repeat their contents by rote. Erzeroum is altogether unfortified, nothing re maining to mark the possession of it by the enter prising Genoese but the shattered and decaying re mains of an extensive inner and outer wall, sur rounded by a deep ditch and a few round and square towers. It is commanded by a high hill or mountain called Palan Dukes, so that in the pre sent day it never could serve as a check to an in vading force advancing either from Georgia or Persia. Most of the old fortified places which I have seen bear the same character of indefen sibility, on account of their vicinity to command ing heights. The great elevation of Erzeroum above the sea, and its position as to latitude, account for its extreme coldness and the depth of snow in winter and its oppressive heat in summer. The western branch of the Euphrates takes its rise at a short distance off, and passes within a mile of the town, under the local name of Karasoo. There are few diseases that can be attri buted to the climate; on the whole, it is a healthy spot, but the plague occasionally visits this country, and is supposed to appear every 12 or 14 years. It raged here in 1829, and again in 1842, and on its. last appearance carried off nearly 8,000 persons. If the calculation of its usual return be correct, the period cannot be far off when this terrible scourge will again spread desolation and sorrow in the homes of the unfortunate inhabitants. Erzeroum is distant from Trebizond about 54 hours, or nearly 180 miles, calculating three miles and a quarter to the hour; from Kars, 36 hours, or about 120 miles; from Tabriz, in Persia, 110 hours, or 350 miles; and from Teflis, in Georgia, 76 hours, or 250 miles. THE COMBINED EXPEDITIONARY FORCE TO THE EAST. The following is from the Morning Chronicle correspondent : " MALTA, April 9.—1 now again write to report further arrivals and departures of English and French troops to the seat of war. The Cambria steamer, from Kingstown, arrived yesterday, bring ing Major Johnston , Captain uayle, Lieutenant Wallis, an d Ensign Marsh, 115Qnon-commissioned officers and privates, and three women, of the 33d; Major Darlton, Captain King, Lieutenants Rock and Astloy, E ns i gn Hopkins, and Assistant-Surgeon Beckwith, 215 non-commissioned officers and pri vates, two women and one child, of the 49th ; Captains Purcel and Gray, Lieutenants Fawcett and Nowlan, Ensigns Leeds, Tyler, and Diamond, Paymaster Roberts and Assistant-Surgeon Martel, 232 non-commissioned officers and privates, and eight women, of the 50th • Capt. Ke nne dy, Li eu t. Cliawner, and Ensign Vutts, Assistant-Surgeon Burton, 90 non - commissioned officers and privates, and one woman of the 77th Regiment ; and the Niagara and Teneriffe are hourly looked for. I have already advised the French arrivals and departures en masse, having had no time to give the details, but which I now supply. The Panama steamer, so t v; with 35 office rs an d 788 soldiers, arrived fro m Al giershvinog in on the the and A l u ef s t tr f i o a r n Gallipclitranp transport tobnritg ol heh with stores. The Caffarelli steamer, from Stora, with 16 officers and 596 soldiers, arrived on the 4th, and left for the East on the sth. The Laplace steamer, with 12 officers and 382 soldiers, arrived from Bugia on th e sth , and at the same time the Eclaireur, with four officers and 200 soldiers, from Bugia ; the Mouette steamer, from Bugia, with eight officers and 253 soldiers ; the Veloce steamer, from Stora, with 11 military and 11 naval medical officers and 339 soldiers ; and the Brandon steamer, with 10 officers and 230 soldiers, like wise fr om S tora. This latter and the Eclaireur left for the East on the 6th ; the Laplace, Veloce, and Mouette followed on the 7th. The Egyptian steamer, having on board General Bonat, 22 other officers, and 170 artillerymen, ar rived from Marseilles on the sth, and left again' on the 6th. The Gorgone and Coligny steamers arrived from Algiers on the 6th, the former bringing oue officer and 312 soldiers, the latter one officer and 352 soldiers ; and on the 7th the Meteore steamer, also from Algiers, with 10 officers 414 soldiers. All three proceeded onwards to the East on the Bth, on the afternoon of which day the large steam-frigate Asmodee, with 1,000 rank and file from Algiers, passed Malta, without looking in for fuel or water, having in tow a French schooner with horses and fodder. It will be seen from these details that the French have carried and are carry ing out the transport of their contingent to the sea t of war, chiefly by means of French war steamers, with remarkable diligence and compara tive comfort, for, whilst coaling and watering in Malta harbour, which usually occupies from 8 to 12 hours, the officers and many of the men get a run on shore ; and, I should remark, much to their credit, not one has been left behind, although the d epartures have som e ti mes taken place during the night. "I regret I cannot adviso any such satisfactory progress onwards of the British troops, most as suredly without any blame attaching to the local, authorities—civil, naval, or military—who have worked well together, and received very valuable aid and assistance from the agents and other em ployes of merchant steam companies. The defec tive arrangements no doubt are a matter for which the home authorities are blameable. " The Golden Fleece which left on the 31st of March, with Bripclior:Queral sir Glecno 131.'1°4 A tell 1, —37 s th e e aht of Z 'ls Peete I Be ize °4 iala , port s art ',,.. i ' :t tegin;