The Sun. — London, England, 1863-05-02 00:00:00

'IRE. (Front Correspondent of the Vines.) CONSTANTINOPLE, April 23. Mr. Kinglake's " Invasion of Crimea," was a long time in finding its way to Constantinople. On its first appearance, however, in the few book stalls which are to be found here, it was natural— see:ng that the events with which it deals are still fresh in the memory of the public—that it should have been seized upon and perused with the interest and avidity which the subject calls forth. In the investigation of the details which have more direct reference to the negotiations at Constantinople which preceded the war there was nothing to indi cate a predisposition to criticise minutely or harshly the statements contained in it ; on the contrary, the fame of the author of " Eothen" pointed to the other extreme; but his greatest admirers —and they are not a few in number—have not been able to repress their astonishment at the new light which is thrown upon these negotiations, and seeing that some of the persons to whom I allude were not only parties to them, but active agents in their prosecution, ii naturally follows that their version of the case must be accepted in preference to his. It is not becoming or useful in a letter of this sort to enter fully into the discussion of these details; but as Mr. Kinglake's book seems by its tone and in the form in which it is laid before the public to aim at historical precision and historical fame, it would not be right to withhold certain observations which forcibly present themselves on its perusal. In that portion of the narrative that relates to the diplomatic proceedings which occcured here, Mr. Kinglake gives himself considerable trouble in investigating the causes which led to Prince Menschikoff's mission, He travels out of his path, and goes so far back as 1830 to trace the link of events which terminated in the rupture of the peace of Europe; and it is surpassing strange that he should have omitted to make the least mention of the events in 1849, which so nearly brought on a war between Russia and Austria on one side and 'Turkey on the other. These events exercised such a vast influence on the policy of Russia, and bear such direct relation to its subsequent proceedings, that I must be permitted briefly to allude to the leading features of the case. It is well known that after the defeat of the in surrection in Hungary a body of Hungarians took refuge in the Ottoman dominions, and were, to the standing honour of the Turks, provided, not only with a safe asylum, bat also with the means of sub sistence. Russia and Austria—flushed with vic tory, and eager for ven geance—formally demanded their extradition, under penalty of declaring war on the Porte. The Turkish Government, from the first, resisted these demands; but it is not known how long they would have remained firm under the threats and intimidations of the two great Powers. They desired to know, therefore, if, in the case of their being involved in war, they might rely upon the support of the Western Powers. Lord Palmer ston, then Foreign Secretary, did not hesitate for a moment to promise the desired support on the part of England; and it is well known that any waver ing on the part of the Turks was set aside by a pri vate instruction of Lord Palmerston to Lord Strat ford de Redcliffe (then Sir Stratford Canning), and commsnicated to the Turkish Ministers in the mid dle of the night. This was confirmed in an official despatch of the 6th Oct., 1849, in which " the moral and material support" of England was pledged in any emergency arising out of the refusal of the Turks to give up the Hungarian refugees. The firm attitude observed on this occasion, in which France also participated, succeeded in averting the war With which the Turks were threatened. The de mands of Russia and Austria were rejected, and, although this led to a cessation of diplomatic rela tions with those Powers, subsequent negotiations brought about a resumption of intercourse. Such a defeat could not be but looked upon as a bitter humiliation by Russia and Austria ; and I ven ture to assert that no one at all versed in the question will dispute that the anger raised by that defeat and that humiliation, although sup pressed for a time, was kept smouldering until the fit moment should arrive to give it vent. Such an opportunity was created, at the instigation of Rus. sia, by the mission of Count Leiningen on behalf 11 Austria, having reference to the occupation of Mon tenegro by the Turks, to which Mr Kinglake refers, but without connecting it in any way with the im portant link which I have described. This oppor tunity was also lost, for the Porte determined to yield to the demands of Count Leiningen, and con centrated all its powers of resistance to the subse quent mission of Prince Menschikoff. By that mis sion the Russians sought by a great diplomatic triumph to recover their former prestige and to make up for the galling defeat which they previously sus tained. If I have permitted myself to enter in too general a way into these transactions, it is because I am satisfied, grounding my assertion not only upon the opinions of eminent men who participated in them, but also on the avowal of Russian officials and the conviction of the public generally, that the defeat of Russian and Austrian diplomacy in the matter of the Hungarian refugees was the main and primary cause and the most important link in the events which brought about the eastern war. On this im portant subject Mr. Kinglake might have enlight ened himself by reference to the Blue-book contain ing the " Correspondence relative to the Affairs of Hungary, 1847-49." His omitting to deal with this transaction betokens a carelessness of research quite inconsistent with the pretensions of his work and the time which has been devoted to its publication. - Without entering into a refutation of Mr. Kinglake's account'of the negotiations at Constantinople, I would point attention to the following inaccuracies:—He says that Lord Stratford, at the outset of these trans actions, had been absent from his embassy " nearly two years." Lord Stratford left Constantinople the latter end of June, 1852, and returned on the sth of April, 1853; consequently he had only been away nine months; a well known member of the Russian Legation is alluded to by Mr. Kinglake as " Prince Garan ;" it should be " Gagarin." These blunders are not of paramount importance, but when they come to be added to the long list of errors of which Mr. Kinglake has already been con victed they contribute to divest the book of that accuracy to which it lays claim. In the absence of the Sultan and the most ener getic of all his Ministers—Fuad Pasha—the greatest stagnation prevails in all the departments. The Sultan's return will be the sig nal for a resumption of activity and the prosecution of those reforms Which Fuad has determined to effect. Preparations are being made for the publication of the Budg e t, vhiehi it is affirmed will throw a new and favourable lig ht upon the financial state of the empire, in th e r eetive advantages which it will make manifest. ha ve Budget the general reason to believe that I have so far antieipae provisions of the forthcoming pith of it, I may say, w i ll be alreadyof my letters that the readers. It will not b e amiss, however, known to your time, to examine this fi nanc i al at the right statement more in detail, and to point out, not will what • ll be done, for predictions of such a nature i n connexion • with Tnrk ish reforms are apt sometimes to turn out delusive, but what might be done with a m o d erate amount of goodwill and a proper admini s t ra ti on . The no w loan will come also opportunely to relie ve the w Turks of their most pressing liabilities, and enable them, without having recourse to the ruinous and mode of raising money from local sourees,to meet their actual wants. While lam on the subject of this loan I may mention the surprise which has been felt at the announcement that the loan which has been contracted for with the Turkish Government at 68 is to be issued by the contractors at 72—a difference of 4 per cent.—which, in addition to the high com mission which they receive, will produce a profit to the latter of half a million sterling. Seeing that the loan issued in England in 1862 is only at 68, it natu rally gives occasion to some surprise that the invest ing public in France should give preference to a new issue, and that at a price considerably in excess of - what they might purchase on the London market. I think, h owever , th a t t h e i n d ucemen t w hi c h causes this preference is not difficult to be found, The suc cess of this loan is founded upon the fair prospects of the forthco ming hi. „ issued bank, the promoters of which the loan, which prospects are enhanced 1 _ by the great success of the Ottoman Bank. One of the principal conditions in the concession for the back is that which provides for the reception of the public revenue into its coffers. The public, therefore, is led to suppose, and with some jastice, that the institution will take good care to protect itself and the holders of this new security by the retention of such portions of the revenue as may be required to meet the interest and sinking fund arising out of the new loan. MAY 2,186 a, THE TIIE SUN, LONDON, SA` MIDAY EVEN!N PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE, METROPOLIS TURNPIKE TRUSTS ACT AMENDMENT BILL. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. The day of the Sultan's return is not positively known. It is believed that he will be here on Satur day or Sunday. He is now at Smyrna, where ho will remain to attend mosque to-morrow. The news received at the Porte states that he is highly pleased with his voyage, and that he has been particularly struck by the sight of a railroad. It is considered pro bable that, with his usual impulsiveness and impe tuosity, he will on his return devote himself to schemes of railway extension in his dominions. It is to be hoped that this will not degenerate into a mania ; and that his eagerness will be limited to a desire to offer every legitimate inducement for public enterprise; but if to his extensive hobbies of military and naval pre ponderance were to be added the costly one of con strutting railways out of the public revenue, he would soon find that the resources of the country will not bear such a burden. Great preparations are being made to celebrate in a becoming manner the return of the Sultan. The quays, the heights in the suburbs commanding the entrance to the Golden Horn, and the barracks of Pera are bristling with cannon, which are to fire imperial salutes ; and the glaziers will, no doubt, derive much benefit by the damage which w ill thereby be occasioned to the windows of the neigh bouring houses. The following intelligence has been just received from Circassia :—The Grand Duke Michael arrived at Anapa on the 28th (Ramazan) in order to make a grand military promenade, and visit the chain of forts erected by the Russians between Anapa and the Kouban, through the Shapsukh country. Oa his road he was first attacked by a body of 250 Circas sian horsemen, who took prisoner an aide-de-camp of the Grand Duke and killed 180 Russian Dragoons. Afterwards, in a plain between the forts Haplkaleh and Shebzkaleh, his force was assaulted by a body of 3,000 Circassians, who completely routed the Rus sians, killing a great number. The Grand Duke, with the remains of his force, fled in disorder to the Russian camp on the Kouban river. The Russian Generals commanding in this engagement were Jokimok, the same to whom Schamyl surrendered, and Babootch. Extraordinary Charge of Setting Fire to a Lady. Yesterday morning Mr. Rafiles Walthew, deputy coroner for Middlesex, held an inquest at the Spread Eagle Tavern, Lower Homerton, respecting the deat of Mrs. Anne Jarvis, aged 42, who lost her life through crinoline, under the following circum stances : Mr. E. Charles Baxter said that he was a medical student, and was residing with Mr. Jarvis at his mansion, High-street, Homerton. On last Monday week, when witness returned home, he found the servants in a state of great consternation. They said that Mrs. Jarvis had that afternoon been fear fully burnt in the front parlour. Witness went upstairs and found her fearfully injured from fire. She said that she did not know exactly how it had occurred, and the first thing that she distinctly re collected was her rushing into the hall and scream ing for assistance. She wore a very extensive crino line; and, at the time of the occurrence, had on a cotton morning dress with a loose jacket, The hearth-rug and the burnishing of the steel fender in the parlour were much burnt, and no doubt her voluminous dress had been burning some time before the unfortunate lady was aware of the occurrence. No doubt the crinoline had forced the folds of the dress over the fender into the grate where a large fire was burning. Mr. J. Ayles said that about one o'clock on the the day in question he was passing outside the house when he heard piercing shrieks of " Fire." He saw the flames through the windows. He went in—he did not see who opened the door—and saw a lady in a body of flames. He assisted in putting them out. Deceased said to a young lady standing on the stairs, " You sat me on fire. You know you did. You said you would do so, and you have done it at last." The young lady was deceased's sister, and she said nothing in reply. Deceased appeared to witness to be rational enough. Witness did not observe any fire in the parlour grate or any lucifer matches. Mrs. Jarvis was an invalid. Elizabeth Mellisk, nurse, said that deceased rushed out of the parlour shrieking. There was only a little fire in the grate. Deceased's sister sometimes quarrelled with her, but witness never heard her say that she would set deceased on fire. There was no quarrel that morning. The sister was downstairs five minutes before Mrs. Jarvis was burnt. Wit ness heard Mrs. Jarvis saying in the hall, " You have done this." Witness believed Miss Easton, the deceased's sister, had been alone with Mrs. Jarvis. Deceased said to Miss Easton, " You have done it. But for you it would not have happened." Miss Easton said nothing to the charge. She as sisted in putting the fire out. The deceased lady was not of sober habits. Miss Easton was a lady of perfect sober habits. Miss Emma Easton said she had been residing at her brother-in-law's for the last three years. Wit ness was in the kitchen at the time the accident happened. She heard a scream, and sent the cook up to see if anything had happened, The cook ran down, saying, " Mrs. Jarvis is in flames." Witness ran up, and saw deceased on fire in the hall, Wi ness got a hearthrug, b u t a p erson w h o ran in from the street got the tablecloth out of the room, and put it over the deceased and put her clothes out. She then said that witness had set her on fire. Witness was not near the room at the time. She sometimes would throw herself on the ground in paroxysms of passion, and then she would charge her dearest friends with injuring her. Except at such times witness never had any quarrel with her. Witness had not the slightest idea of how the acci dent happened. There was a guard on the parlour grate when witness went into the room with Dr. Somers. She wore a very large crinoline, and in that way, no doubt, the dress caught fire over the guard. Deceased could not always be kept from taking too much wine. Caroline Brown, cook at Mr. Jarvis's, said that Hiss Easton was in the kitchen when deceased was heard screaming. She ran up to assist her sister, and took the hearthrug to her. They were all in the hall when the witness Ayles ran in from the street. Miss Easton attended Mrs. Jarvis after wards, and the latter would not have any one else to wait on her. Mr. Ay les re •called, said that when he entered the house no one whatever was in the hall but the lady on fire. No one took a hearthrug to deceased or put a finger to her but witness. No one came to the place until witness had thrown deceased on the the door ground. caro Deceased see linetrewnsa m th e a d t q sh u e ite ha s d ober. opened but the burning l a dy. Sh e was for Ay les, who ran in, a n d seemed toobserve Misscertainthat Easton and the servant maids had run up before Mr. Aylts came in. Dr. Eustace Somers said that he was called in, and found the deceased most dreadfully burnt. Her clothes were consumed and her stays burnt through. She died from the injuries on Tuesday morning. She was not sober when witness first saw her. She charged her sister with having set her on fi re , b u t she never did so subsequently. There was a space of three inches at the fire-grate unprotected by the guard. The Deputy-Coroner, in summing up, said th a t the case was a most lamentable one. There was clearly not the sli g h test foundation for the against the sist er o f t h e deceased. charge The Jury returned a verdict that " Deceased lost her life accidentally through her clothes catching fire, she having on at the time a large crinoline and being under the influence of drink. " The proceedings then terminated. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Horniman's pure Tea; very choice at 3s. 4d. and 4s. "High Standard "at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious in3ported. Agents in every town supply it in packets. The select committee appointed by the House of Com mons to consider the subject of metropolis tolls re-assem bled yesterday to proceed with the inquiry. Mr. Wright. son in the chair, and the other members of the committee were present. Mr. John Parson, vestry clerk of the parish of St. Luke and deputy-chairman of the Metropolitan Railway, was ex amined by Mr. Wilkinson. He said he knew the City-road well, which extended from the Angel at Islington to Fins bury-square. From Finsbury-square to Old-street it is a City-street. Beyond that northward it is a metropolitan road. Old-street is a paved street. Old-street-road had not been paved because the larger portion of it was in the parish of Shoreditch, and they had not thought fit to pave it. As they had not done so the parish of St. Luke did not think it worth while to pave that small portion of it within that parish. The maintenance of the City-road would be very ex - pensive, the greater part being through and not local traffi The main thoroughfare is not of such a character that the turnpike in the City-road can much affect the local traffic. There would be very little benefit conferred upon the parish by the removal of the gate. In the parish of St. Luke there were 1,200 houses rated at £lO and under, and they formed one-fifth of the whole of the houses in the parish, The rateable value of the property is about £163,000 per annum. The rates now assessed amounted to ss. 4d. in the pound per annum. The parish is a vary poor one, and was unable to bear further taxation. They had remon strated against the Metropolitan Board of Works imposing any tax upon them for metropolitan improvements or parks. They were so centrally situate that they were unable and unwilling to contribute to objects of public improvement when they could not participate in the advantages. They would be very remotely benefited by the embankment of the Thames, although they had to pay towards it. The parish had been put to a large expense in renewing the footways, which had been cast upon them by the Metrop lis Local Management Act since 1856. The cost of lighting the parish was £2,500 per annum. About 5 per cent. of the rental of the parish was lost by empty houses and removals without paying the rates. The Commissioners of Roads propose to give up the most expensive parts of the roads in the parish. Except by building nearer the footpath in the City-road there was no means of increasing the value of the property of the parish. At some distant period nests of poor dwellings might give way to manufactories, but such improvements were very slow in their progrees. The greeter part of the property of the parish belonged to corporations, and was let out at long leases, and the occupiers of it felt little interest in carrying out public improvements in the parish. He be lieved that it would be but fair that the commissioners should pave the City-road from Old street to Finsbury square, which would cost about £4,000, and that they should contribute the sum of £5OO for six years towards the ex penses of the parish. The Chairman—Can you give us any history of the City road, for I find that it is quite straight, and it appears to me that it must have been formed through other roads, cutting off corners and angles ? Mr. Parson—By a plan we have, of the date of 1731, I find that the City-road was then formed through fields, and I believe it was made for the convenience of the mail coaches passing to the Post Office. By Mr. Russell Gurney—He did not think it was fair that the tax should be taken off vehicles and put upon the parishes. Mr. Gurney—Are you not aware that the Commissioners of Roads have no power to tax vehicles, and the onlymoneys they can obtain must be derived from tolls. Mr. Parson—lf they have not the power, they ought to ask Parliament to give it them; and it would be no greater hardship in London than it is now in Birmingham,Brighton, and other places, where a small fee was charged upon all vehicles. The small fee thus obtained might go in relief of the cost of maintaining the roads in the different parishes. By Mr. Wilkinson—There is no doubt that it is economi cal to have paved instead of macadamised roads, and it was through their poverty and not their will that they had any macadamised roads in the parish. By Lord Henley—He suggested the commissioners should pave the road from Old-street to Finsbury-square, and they should give them the interest of £lO,OOO from 1864 to 1570, and then the parish would pave the entire road to the northern boundary of their parish, and take the roads upon themselves hereafter. By Sir W. Jolliffe—He wished some public body should take to the roads under their control for ten miles round the Post Office, and that all vehicles should bear a small license fee, as it was a serious thing to relieve omnibuses from the sum of £3,000 per annum paid for toll at the City road-gate. Therefore he was of opinion that they should impose a small license fee, and they had a precedent for doing so in Brighton and Birmingham. He was not in favour of maintaining tolls, as it was most disagreeable to be stopped on a journey, and compelled to put their hands into their pocket to pay the toll. That was not only a loss of money, but it was a loss of time, and therefore in lien of tolls he was in favour of a license fee. By Mr. Russell—lt was only poverty that prevented all the streets from being paved. In the city of London there was not a macadamised street. Mr. Russell Gurney remarked that itegent-street was paved. Mr. Parson said that Regent -street was an exception, as the shopkeepers there had such a road as best suited their customers without regard to cost. They had it paved with wood, because there was less dust and noise, but the cost never entered into their consideration. Mr. Booth Scott, civil engineer, and a member of the In stitution of Civil Engineers for 25 years, said he had been chief surveyor of the parish of St. Pancras for the last seven years, and had under his charge 54 miles of macadamised roads, 12 miles of paved roads, and 150 miles of footways. He found that the charge for paved roads was less than that of macadamised roads. Albany-street cost £14,000 a year to maintain it as a macadamised road, whereas if it were paved with borrowed money, £14,000 would pay off the interest and principal in ten years. A paved road required to be relaid about every eight years. Mr. Browse, surveyor to the Commissioners of Roads, was recalled, and in answer to Mr. Russell Gurney, he said he had gone over the books to find the expense of the repair of the City-road, and he found that the cost for the last four years averaged £2,648 per annum, exclusive of establish ment charges. Two-thirds of that road is in the parish of St. Luke. Mr. Russell Gurney said he looked upon the introduction of the clause proposed by Mr. Wilkinson as irreconcilable with the principle of the bill. It had been urged by his learned friend that the road might be maintained as a paved read for one-third less than it was at present, but so far from that making it in his favour, he believed it established the case of the bill, as the expense would be so far dimi nished. He characterised the speech of Mr. Wilkinson as against the preamble of the bill, and ought to have been made two days ago. Mr. Parsons suggested that the ex pense of maintaining this road should be defrayed by a tax upon carriages, but the committee had no power to impose a tax on carriages. The room was ordered to be cleared, and after about an hour's exclusion, on the re-admission of the public, The Chairman said, the committee would adopt the clause as regarded the building on the site of the City-road; but with respect to the others requiring the Commissioners of Roads to pave a portion of the City-road, and to pay a con. tribution of £5OO for six years, towards paving the re mainder, they were negatived . Mr. Lovely, vestry clerk of Hammersmith and Fulham parishes, said he did not know if he was precluded from doing so by the passing of the preamble, but if he were not he wished to propose a clause exempting the parishes of Ful ham and Hammersmith from the operation of the bill; and that all the words in reference to those parishes should be struck out from the first column of the first schedule. The Chairman said at that stage they could not entertain the proposition, but it would be open to Mr. Lovely to pro pose a clause at a later period of the bill. Mr. It. Gurney said, it appeared to him that this propo sition might be considered in discussing the third section, when it would be introduced as a proviso, in respect to the time when the bill should come into operation. Lord Henley said although the parish of Hammersmith had presented a petition, no evidence had been offered against the bill while the committee where considering the preamble, The Chairman said that perhaps the most convenient way would be for the committee to deal with the question which was then before them. Mr. Lovely then proceeded to address the committee on the oppressiveness of the charges upon the parishes of Ful ham and Hammersmith, as they now bore burdens far ex ceeding those of St. Pancras and St. Marylebone, and many other parishes. Indeed, with two exceptions, the parish of Fulham was the highest rated amongst those that were to be affected by this bill. It paid local rates to the amount of 6s. in the pound, exclusive of 9d. in the pound for house tax ; and it was now proposed to add to that taxation is. lid, in the pound for maintaining the roads. Therefore he contended that this would be a burden upon that parish which it was uttsrly unable to bear, or to meet the require ments that would be thrown upon them by this bill. If the period of five years were allowed them to be exempted from the operation of this bill, the parish would then have reco vered itself from its present depression. The Chairman—Am I to understand that you merely wish for the operation of the act to be suspended, as far as you are concerned, for five years so as to put off the evil day ; or have you any prospective advantages at the termination of that period that will put you in a better position. Mr. Lovely said that the Metropolitan Board of Works was at present constructing largo main drainage works in the district, which would give them outlets by which they could better drain their property, and thus enable them to obtain higher rents, The local Board of Works had also borrowed a considerable sum of money for the improvement of the district, and indeed they had laid oat £16,000 in five years, which would in time react upon the parish, and lead to increased rental. The room was ordered to be cleared, and after a very brief exclusion, ein the parties being re-admitted, The Chairman *rinan said th e committee had negatived the pro viso whi c h was proposed, and had passed the 2d clause of the bill. The committee djourned at 4 o'clock. TIMES—It is not surprising that the Battle of Charleston should still be made the subject of observation and comment. Lord Hard wicke is of opinion that its results should induce us at once to resume the construction of our Spithead Forts ; and the Duke of Somerset expressed his conviction that an experiment more instructive for us at the present stage of our inquiries could not possibly , have been tried. It is quite true that our informa tion is still imperfect on certain important points, but the additional details which reach us daily are full of interest and value. The Duke of Somerset fell into a slight error in saying that " another Monitor" had been sunk. That was not the case. The Keokuk, which was the only ship actually destroyed in the action was a ves sel constructed by Mr. Whitney after plans of his own, and it seems that she carried her guns, not exactly in revolving tnrrets, but stationary casemates resembling them. According to our latest information the attacking squadron comprierd three varic ties of ironclads. The heaviest and as it was supposed the most powerful vessel was the Ironsides, which had been elected by Ad. mire! Dupont for his fl gahip. She was termed a frigate, and is represented as nearly on the plan of the Warrior and the Gloire, though she carried only 16 guns. The Keokuk we have already de scribed ; and then came the seven Monitors, some of which, however, were improvements on the ori ginal vessel of that name. If all these ships could have got fairly into action we might have derived some valuable instruction from a comparison of their performances, but accidents placed the Ironsides and the Keokuk under great disad vantages. In the order of battle the Wehaw ken was to lead the van, armed with a raft at her bows to clear away torpedoes. She was to be followed by three Monitors, and the Ironsides, with the Ad miral's flag, was then to take the centre of the line. After the flagship followed the three remaining Monitors, and the Keokuk, known or surmised to be the weakest ship, had to bring up the rear. But the course of events deranged all this order. The Ironsides, partly from her great draught of water, but more from her bad steering qualities, became quite unmanageable, and after vain attempts to get into action she signalised to the other ships to pass her. On the other hand, the Keokuk, though the least protected of the Ironclads, was also the best sailer. She steamed and answered her helm better than any of the others, and as she was bravely manned and commanded she passed the rest in their struggles to advance, and found herself foremost under the Confederate batteries—an honour which cost her dear. In the course of a few minutes she was riddled with shot, and as the Ironsides was out of fight, and two Monitors disabled by injuries to their turret ma chinery, five ships of two guns each were all that remained to bear the brunt of the battle. That it lasted, under these circumstances, less than half an hour can be no matter of wonder. With regard to the actual experience of the fight, Mr. Ericsson, the inventor of the Monitors, reminds the American public that no vessel;can be readily manoeuvred in strong currents and shallow water; but it is plain from a concurrence of reports that the Ironclads were all defective in powers of steerage, though the Monitors were better than the frigate. Some allowance, too, is claimed for the inexperience of the crews engaged in a warfare so novel, on a scene o perilous. Although little seems to have been done by the torpedoes, they had the effect of keeping the ships' crews in constant expectation of mischief, just as troops falter at the idea of a mine, and it was only with the greatest caution and sus picion that the vessels advanced. It seems, also, that, with the exception of the Montauk and Passaic, no ship had had any practice with her revolving guns, and we are told that the din produced by the incessant impact of heavy shot on iron plates rendered the orders of the officers inaudible. Still, it was really proved that for a certain space of time iron plating, even imperfect, _would resist a tremendous cannonade. We doubt if there was a single life lost in the attacking squadron. We have seen a return of fourteen wounded, but it is not said that one man was killed. It must be remembered, however, that very little mark is offered to hostile shot by vessels of the Monitor build. They are described on this occasion as looking like small floating islands just raised above the surface of the water. It detracts a good deal from the utility of this lesson that a certain portion of the case is unknown to us. The Duke of Somerset correctly remarked that we " did not know exactly the sort of guns that were used," All we can tell at present is that the Federals seem to have employed a small number of cannon of enormous calibre, while the Confederates had many more guns of less weight. But it would be very useful if we could obtain some accurate information of the effects produced by the Sin. cannon of the Monitors. These pieces actually throW a aoteb. ball, and if their system of heavy ordnance is good for anything such an example ought surely to tell. Yet we cannot learn that these prodigious missiles were particularly destruc tive ; indeed the fire of the Federals against the forts appears to have been as bloodless as that of the Confederates against the ironclads. Even the masonry suffered little. Fort Sumter showed marks of shot, but only such as might have been produced on an ordinary wa ll by an ord i nary cannon. W e suspect the Am er i c ans the mse l ves are now some what doubtful of the capacities of these immense guns. A New York journal attributes as imperfec tions to the ironclads not only the delicacy of their machinery but the character of their artillery; and it is obvious that unless the power of these ponder ous projectiles can be decisively established there would be many considerations telling against their use. A ship carrying two 300 pounders is still but a two gun ship, and an accident to one of these pieces deprives her at once of half her power. If the effectiveness of the guns is also made to depend on delicate machinery the chances of accident is much increased. In this very fight two out of nine ships were rendered as completely powerless as a frigate would be with all her 40 guns dismounted one after another. Unless some plain and distinct preponderance of advantage is gained by this con centration of armament, we should remember the old proverb against carrying all our eggs in one basket. Lord Grey asked some questions about the distance of the town of Charleston from the protect ing forts, and Lord Derby made some remarks on the range at which the engagement was conducted. There is probably some uncertainty prevailing on these points, but we find it stated in one of the Federal reports that the distance from Fort Sum ter and Fort Moultrie to Charleston city is four miles. A Southern report further states, though only by way of estimate, that the iron c lad s did not approach within 1,200 yards of the batteries of Fort Moultrie; bat it seems clear that Fort Sumter, at any rate, must have been engaged at a much shorter range. An impression evidently prevailed in the squadron that the ironclads would be able, not merely to run the gauntlet of the batteries, but to turn round and knock Fort Sumter to pieces from the harbour side before steaming on to the city. But these and all other expectations were disap pointed by the "obstructions," to which—and not to the Fort batteries—the Federal journalists ascribe the miscarriage of the attack. This, no doubt, is so far true, that the Forts would probably not have stopped the ships if they could have run on uninterruptedly; but that is saying very little. Such obstructions are of the very essence of these systems of defence, and the Duke of Somerset re marked that exactly similar contrivances bad been suggested as supplementary to the forts at Spit head. These are the means which give forts their chance, but as they can always be employed their agency may always be presumed, and we should re open the question of the Spithead defences with that understanding. HERALD.—On the 17th ultimo Prince Gorts schakoff received Lord Napier, the Duke de Monte bello, and Count Guido Thun, and listened to the despatches addressed to them by their respective Governments on the Polish question. The text of the different notes has already transpired, and on their very face very little appears calculated to ex cite the susceptibilities of the Russian Government, seeing that the guarantees for the constitutional administration of Poland given in the Treaty of Vienna give a colourable justification to the act of interference itself, It becomes, however, at this mo ment, extremely important to consider what is the ultimate definite aim which England, France, and Austria propose to themselves, what ulterior object they have in vi ew , care f u lly veiled in the studied ambiguities of diplomatic language. They most certainly do not dream of realising the vision of the insurgents. The resuscitation of the Poland of 1772, and the consequent political annihilation of Prussia, and subject ing to the Polish yoke Russian provinces of four times the extent of Poland propel- If such an ob ject manifested itself on the part of France and Eng land it would soon most effectually weld together in the strongest opposing; union not only the par titioning p owers, b ut all the Governments and peo ples of Germany, who would begin to suspect that some design upon the Rhenish provinces of Prussia lurked behind the " idea" for which Europe was to be precipitated into a general war. Nor can the three Governments contemplate the severance from Russia and complete independence of the Poland of 1815. Insuperable practical obstacles oppose them selves to the realisation of this scheme, however con sonant with the claims of justice and theoretically desirable it may appear. First, the kingdom of Poland, in this restricted sense, could not be re established by the Western Powers without the con currence of those who shared in the dismemberment on account, if for no other reason, of the impose, bility of access to the scene of conflict ; secondly, and for analogous re asons , it could no t, without the same assent, maintain its independence for one hour after its creators had ceased to provide it with ma terial support. E n ti re ly h emme d i n by th e territory of its enemies, not only without a mile of coast line, but resting on no single foot of neutral territory, dependent upon Prussia, Austria, or Russia for every outlet for its raw produce, and for every cargo of merchandise imported in exchange, would such a state enjoy any of the conditions indispensable to national existence? Would not that constant strug gle for an extension of its boundaries which its cherished recollections of the past and aspirations for the future sufficiently stimulate, be imposed upon it as a necessity of its being, if it would evade a sure decay by a process of suffocation? But we have not merely to do with probabilities. We have abundant evidence—if we required proof to maintain an asser tion that has never been denied—that the nobles of Poland, who are the present insurgents, will not con sent, if emboldened by success, to finally sheathe the sword until they have again brought under their own rule the Russian provinces of Vollaynia, and Little Russia, which they so long held by the same tenure which subjects themselves to the galling yoke of the foreign conqueror. It is useless for Europe to say, " Thus far and no further." What ever territory, whatever power, whatever privileges, Europe might induce or compel the Czar to give, would be used as a vantage ground and as a lever to obtain more, and to pursue zealously and unceas ingly that end which every insurgent has in view, and which no Polish patriot would disown. If Europe is not prepared to countenance a constant series of sanguinary conflicts between Poland and the three neighbours which encompass it, how can it interfere to bring about a state of things which must unavoidably produce this result ? With what right, with what plausibility, can it call upon Ru sia to accede to the restoration, in its full indepen dence, of the Poland of 1815, if such are the conse quences inevitably linked with it ? What, then, do t he powers whose notes have just been read to Prince Gortschakoff seek to attain? We trust and believe that their only object is to secure for the Poles a larger share of self-government and more personal independence than, it is assume ), they have hitherto enjoyed. If this be their sole motive, then, what ever Prince Gortschakoff may think of the expedi ency of their joint remonstrances at the present mo ment, they will meet with no divergence of senti ment in the counsels of the Czar. In the procla mation of amnesty published on the 12th ult. the Czar has anticipated their utmost wishes. He there in called upon the Poles to assist him in the realisa tion of his project of extending the rights and privileges " already given them by charter, and of progressively developing and widening, in the direction already traced out, the spere of activity of the local institutions of the provinces of the kingdom." But, as the amnesty further declares, this realisation entirely depends upon the Poles themselves lending their active co-operation to the attainment of the end. So long as the victim avails itself of each restriction removed, every fetter struck off, every loosening of the cord to make vain attempts at struggling with its quondam conqueror in pursuit of an independence which we grieve to think is a thing of the past, it will be mani festly impossible for the Czar to carry out those " liberal intentions of which," to quote the words of the French note, " the reign of his Majesty the Emperor Alexander has already given such striking proofs." Indeed, if we compare the condition of the Polish people —not of the " nobles," a minority of about one-fifth of the population from whom alone the insurgents draft their resources, but of the entire people —we shall not find a period in Poland's his tory with which the years since the accession of the present Czar will not most favourably contrast. Under the rule of Polish Diets the peasantry re ceived no more consideration than if they had not been any co ns tit uent part whatever of the nation. They were not merely serfs in the Russian sense of the word, holding land by a certain number of days' service, but they endured all the horrors of Georgian slavery whilst possessing the keener sus ceptibilities of the white man. They were not pro tected by any of those edicts which the Russian rulers always found it their interest to enact and enforce. No acts for preventing cruelty to animals restrained the overseer's lash ; their life was only protected by a moderate amercement imposed upon the murderer until 1768, scarcely four years before the first dissolution, when the dangers that threatened the law-giving nobles from without in duced them to attempt the conciliation of their sub jects within. Compare the condition of these pea sants under the government of the Emperor Alex ander. The rule of the hard taskmaster is at an end. No robot, or forced labour, can be extorted from the unwilling slave. Whilst the noble has been com pensated by the State for his loss, the peasant knows that not only the labour of his own hands is his own, but the little hut and its surround ing allotment. which he and his ancestors have tilled for others' benefit, he can now call his own freehold. Nor was this an act of sudden im pulse, but the crowning stroke of a long series of measures for the amelioration of the state of the serf. Secular as w e ll as re li g i ous sc h ools have been established throughout every district in the king dom, to give elementary instruction to children in their own language. Numerous small scholarships have been founded to enable those who show more than average ability to pursue their studies in the gymnasiums. Agricultural schools have been formed to disseminate modern improvements in the cultivation of their farms. The odious poll taxes, such as the dvorovie paid by every labourer and household servant, have been finally swept away. At this very moment, in the province of St. Peters burg, where no insurrection has stopped the current of progress or improvement, the Commission of the Diet of the Nobles has elaborated a plan for be stowing on the former serf a certain share of repre sentation. Can it be wondered that the peasant populati on , reve lli ng i n the new ly-acquired dignity of personal freedom, should refuse to rise and turn their arms against the Czar, in whom they see their benefactor and protector, on behalf of nobles from whom they have only experienced oppression and injury ? Did space allow us to follow tip this com parison between Poland under Polish rule and under that of the Emperor Alexander, to compare the treatment which all " dissidents" received at the hands of the then dominant Roman Catholic Church with the freedom which every sect and religion now enjoy —to count ap the degradin g disabilities from which all, not excepting the Jew, have been set free—to show how the Evangelical confessions have been authorised to decide their matrimonial causes in their owu consistorial courts, to touch upon the reforms introduced to secure the impartial adminis tration of justice and the independence of the judges, we should have no difficulty in showing cause for our opinion that it will not be from want of liberal sentiments in the counsels 6f the Czar if Poland does not receive a still fuller measure of the free institutions and national self-govern ment which he has already so largely introduced. POST.—The state of our relations with America has for some time past excited a degree of uneasi ness which, though under the circumstances excus able, is nevertheless, we are happy to believe, not well warranted. It may with truth, we think, be said of our American cousins that their bark is worse than their bite. It is their habitual custom when they conceive themselves aggrieved to fulmi nate the most terrible threats against their fancied aggressors—threats, however, which, when their equanimity is restored, they never dream of carry ing into execution, nay, which they almost bring themselves to forget that they beve ever uttered. There are no individuals without their failings, and in like manner nations are not altogether free from petty weaknesses. The kingdoms of the Old World are not without their blemishes, and none but the veriest optimists can be disappointed at discovering that the great Republic of the New World is not absolute perfection. Parvenus are proverbially the vainest of mankind, and perhaps the peculiar cir cumstances: under which the Government of the United States arose, and the extraordinary rapidity with which the Western Federation attained a fore most place in the rank of nations may have contri buted in no trifling degree to the overweening sense of their own importance possessed by the American people. However this may be, it seems to be taken for granted by them th a t t h ey can achieve anything upon which they set their minds, and that in the event of war they must un d er any circumstances crush their enemies. Fortunately, however, for the peace o f the world, th e A mer i can nation considers whenit has demonstrated through the mouths of its representatives in Congress, and through the pens of its newspaper editors in the daily press, the facility with which it can sweep its adversaries from the face of the earth, that it has done all that is necessary to vindicate its dignity. The Americans delight in this harmless kind of war fare ; and if their conquests are unsubstantial, their victories are at least bloodless. Now, it is scarely necessary to remind our readers how frequently since the commencement of the present civil war the Northern armies have (on paper) overrun Canada, and the Northern fleets wrested from Great Britain the naval supremacy of the world. Whan Co mmodore Wilkes c arr i e d t h e Southern Commissioners in triumph into New York the Northern pr ess d emonstrated how powerless' England was to avenge the insult to her flag, and the Reuse of R epresentatives confirmed, by' its formal vote, the un an i mous approval with which the nation viewed the act of the gallant officer. But with formal votes and angry denunciations the American Congress and the American press con tented themselv es . Now, once again, is the storm raised in the citi es of Washington and New York ; and again do thre a t s resound of the vengeance w hi c h a Republic in all the freshness of it s youth and strength will wreak upon a monarchy which has been long since sinking Into the decrepitude of old age. Tne thunder rolls as it was Ozett to roll, but we will look, as we have hitherto looked, in tails for the bolt. The American nation has entered upon another of its bloodless campaigns, and Great Britain, as usual, is the victim selected for annihila tion. In the state of uncertainty at present existing in the public mind it seems to many about equally probable that war should be declared against us in consequence of our alleged breaches of neutrality, or that we should be compelled to throw down the gage in vindication of our right of holding unre stricted commercial relations with neutral States, Perhaps in one sense either contingency is equally likely, because if a nation is bent upon picking a quarrel with another, the pretext is for the most part immaterial. Up to the present, however, no casus bell has been given on either side. The New York press may vapour about British outrages and compelling England to make good, by reprisals or otherwise, the damage inflicted upon the Federal commerce by the Confederate privateers; but we know, and the Cabinet at Washington know, that, the Government of this country have done all that could be expected of them consistently with their international obligations and their duty to the British public. A rumour has gained credence in New York that Mr. Seward has sent a note to the English Government protesting against the encouragement given to the Confede rates by permitting them to fit out privateers in British ports. If he has done so, the reply of the Cabinet will consist in a simple denial that any en couragement has been so given. In the debate which lately took place in Parliament upon this subject it was not suggested that the Government had not ful filled their duty; and the speakers who advocated the interests of the I? -dere! Government went no further than to urge the authorities to increased vigilance. It iF, however, we are willing to believe, only in the resolutions of American Chambers of Commerce, and in editorial articles, that expressions condemnatory of her Majesty's Government, for their conduct in this respect, are to be found. The Fe deral Administration cannot with truth allege that they hove just cause for complaint. But neither have the British Government any ground for quar relling with that of the United States. It is cer tainly true that one or two captures have been re cently made of vessels which we have reason to be lieve were bound to a neutral State ; but of the truth of this fact we possesss no evidence on which we could rely. Even admitting that the seizure of the Peterhoff was illegal, such seizure does not per se afford ground for complaint. In time of war illegal seizures are constantly made, but it is for the express purpose of determining their illegality that prize courts are instituted. If a prize court declares a capture to have been wrongfully made, it decrees compensation to the injured parties, the compensa tion is made, and the matter is thus equitably ad justed. Until the decision of the prize court ap pointed to adjudicate upon the Peterhoff is pro nounced the British Government would not be jus tified in interposing. If the judgment condemning the vessel was irreconconcilable with the evidence, or if compensation for a wrongful capture was de creed, and the compensation was not granted, then it would be the duty of the Government of this country to make reprisals. We cannot, how ever, presume that a prize court will not fulfil its functions with impartiality, or that the Federal Government will not abide by its decision. We have consequently no grounds for apprehending that we shall ourselves be obliged to declare war against the Federal States in vindication of our commercial rights. We do not believe in the pro bability of a war with America, and for this simple reason—that we give the American people credit for more sense than to suppose they would embark in a contest in which they must infallibly be worsted. It may suit the purpose of the Republican party in the North to utter empty threats against Great Britain, but it would not suit those out of whose pockets the expenses of a war should be paid, nor those whose commerce would be annihilated by a blockade, to enter on a struggle with the first mari time Power in the world. It is, hoWever, much to be regretted that the organs of public opinion in America should indulge in language which, if it does not interrupt, zertainly tends to weaken the friendly relations which we have always been de sirous of maintaining with our American kinsmen. Americans ought to know by this time that Great Britain is not to be frightened by empty bravado. If American citizens are not entirely dead to sill sense of shame, they must feel bitterly conscious of the contempt. into which they are brought by those who profess to be exponents of the national senti ments. Whenever the American nation intends to go to war with us, let it do so by all means ; but so long as we remain ouliterms of amity, it is to be hoped that it will use the tone and language, as wel as the attitude, of a friendly State. THE MAGISTRACY AND THE MILITIA, At the Worship-street police-court, yesterday, Geo. Taylor, Frederick Taylor, Frederick Richard son, and John Burns were charged with being deserters from the militia. On Friday, the 24th tilt., these men were brought to this court by police-constable Jennings, 247 N, who stated that they were given into his custody at the Dalston barracks as deserters, and that they admitted having been absent from the last training on May 8, 1862. The evidence of Sergeant Garton was taken as to the fact, but he could not state whether the men had been furnished with notice to attend. One of the defendants asserted that he had been absent at the time required through sickness, and the others that they were in different parts of the country where not any notice had reached them. Mr. Leigh, the magistrate, questioned them as to the possibility of their proving their statements to be truthful, and on receiving an assurance that they could if allowed time, he admitted them all to bail in their own re cognisances to appear that day week. The follow ing morning, however, during the hearing of the charges, there was a sudden clabg, produced by the grounding of firearms, and immediately afterwards the four men were marched into court and placed in the dock under an escort of fixed bayonets. Sergeant Hopkins, of the militia, in reply to Mr. Leigh, said the men had been ordered to be brought there by Col. Grant on the charge of the previous day. The magistrate, manifestly astonished at such an irregular proceeding, again directed their liberation upon the former recognisances. They left the dock, but the fixed bayonet escort took possession of them, the men fell in, and the party left the court as it entered. Thus far, although the proceeding was unusual, it was apparently deemed consequent upon error; but now, on the men again making their appearance in the same manner as before, everyone present clearly evinced great interest in the proceedings. John Haldon, a sergeant of the Ist Tower Ham lets Militia, said—These men gave themselves up as deserters from our regiment. They were allowed on Friday, the 24th ult., to leave this court on their own recognisances to attend this day. By order of Sergeant Garton they were Apprehended in the court while so leaving. On the following day, after a like decision by the magistrate, they were again apprehended by order of Sergeant Hopkins, and conveyed under escort to the guard room at Dalston barracks, having been in custody ever since, and are now here under escort. Mr. Leigh—Then I consider that a harsh and illegal course has been pursued towards the men. I understood from the first that they desired to be at liberty for the purpose of adducing evidence in de fence of the charge against them, and I permitted them out on their own recognisance for a week to enable them to do so, as also to allow the militia authorities an opportunity of proving that the de fendants had been furnished with the required notice. Those authorities having submitted the ease to the decision of a magistrate, I think might have recognised that decision and respected it. I am sorry that the reverse is the fact, but will hear any evidence now ready against the men, although it may probably result in another adjournment. Evidence was then given of the notices baying been duly forwarded to the defendants, and copies of the same produced by Sergeants Haldon and Hopkins ; on bearing which, each man declared that he had been unable to prove his ineulpability, in consequence of having been kept in close custody since first before the magistrate, and begged to be allowed time to so. Mr. Leigh—l think that, in this matter, the militia authorities have gone beyond the power allowed by law ; but I cannot interfere as to that, or give these men redress. If they have any remedy it must be in another court. As regards the de fence, the magistrate's object in allowing them time has been entirely frustrated; for they may still allege that they have, by close confinement, been prevented from proving their innocence. Surely the power of the militia ended when these men were brought before a civil tribunal—if otherwise, it had better be both judge and accuser. Th e colonel should come here and take the magistrate's position on the bench. These men have been brought here for me to deal with, and when my course of action is unsatisfactory, they are marched off under escort and not permitted the opportunity of effecting that which I deemed in justice they should have. They are now again remanded on their own recognisances of £2O each, and a copy of the proceedings as far as they have gore will be laid before the Home Secretary. The men here requested the worthy magistrate to decide the case at once, rather than they should be again locked up in damp cells as had been the fact since the previous Friday, where there was no bed to He upon, no t ; l 7 . nortunity of changing thi clothes, and bread and wait': their sugfenance• The sergeant said the men were allowed 6d. P day each to purchase what they best liked. Defendants admitted that the money was gm to them, but It did not appear that they did spec it. Mr. Safford, the clerk, then took the raogn i antes mentioned, and they left the court; but ( the steps were met by the escort, who again aPP! hended them. Of this Mr. Leigh was duly formed, and subsequently Mr. Hurlstone had tb depositions completed, which, with a conatnuntw tion from the magistrates, were forwarded to 6 , George Grey. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE, TRAFFIC RECEIPTS FOR THE WEEK. The traffic receipts of railways in the United Kingb rj amounted for the week ending th e 25th o f Ap r il, on 1 0 9 67 miles, to £554,874, and for the corresponding week of la year, on 10,237 miles, to £526,981, showing an increase . 440 miles, and of £27,893 in the receipts. The gross recel l on the following 14 railways amounted in the aggregate, 7,290 miles, to £432,912 ; and for the corresponding we e of 1862, on 7,036 miles, to £415,005, showing an incr ees of 254 miles. and of £17,937 in the receipts. The in' r ea6 on tha Caledonian amounted to £1,029; on the Gr es Eastern to £1,847 ; on the Great Northern to £983 ; on Oa Great Southern and 'Western to£24 ; on the Great "Vesta l to £1,037; on the Lancashire and Yorkshire to £14 1 ; °I the London and North -Western to £4,481; on the Londo and South-Western to £1,802; on the Manchester, S h „ e „ i f, field, and Lincolnshire to £1 . 383 ; o n th e Midl an d to £3,7" on the North British to £1,324; and on the North-Easters to £6,829 ; to , al, £24,673 But from this must be deductet £1,061, the decrease on the London, Brighton, and Sotll ij Coast; and £5,072 on ihe South-Eastern, leaving the 111, crease as above, £17,937. The goods and mineral trafa o . l2 ' those lines amounted to £233,11.1, and for the correspond llB week of 1862 to £206,371, showing an increase of £26,740' The receipts for passengers, parcels, &c., amounted IC £199,831, against £208,634, showing an increase of £B, B l' The traffic receipts on 65 other lines amounted, on 3 9 3° 1 miles, to £121,932, and for the corresponding week of Ja e , year, on 3,201 miles, to £111,978, showing a n increase 185 miles, and of £9,956 in the receipts. The total recell of the past week show an increase of £3,494 as cons P are with those of the preceding week, ending the 18th ult. The following are the railway receipts for the past week • Miles Opened. Receipts' Railways. 1863. 1862. Belfast and N. Counties 136 136 Belfast and County Down.... 49 49 Blyth and Tyne 2B 28 Bristol and Exeter 1214 1215 Caledonian 230 £3O Cockermouth & Workington B4 85 Cork and Bandon 2O 20 Cork, Blackrock, & Passage 6 4 Cork and Youghal .. . 324 324 Cornwall 53 534 Deeside l7 17 Dublin & Belfast Junction 63 63 Dublin and Drogheda 75 63 Dub. & Wicklow and Wexid 484 484 Dundee, Perth, & Aber. Jun 3l 31 Edinburgh and Glasgow 1694 1694 Forth & Clyde Junction Furness, &c 5O 5) Glasgow & South-Western Gt. Eastern,Nrfk., &E. Union 663 614 Great Northern 330 330 Great North of Scotland 5B 68 (it. Northn. & Westn. (Irel.) 7ll 454 Gt.Southn. & Westn.(lrind.) 329 329 Great Western 992 NO Inverness & Aberdeen June 865 73? Irish North-Western 145 130 Irish South-Eastern 2l 254 Lancashire & Yorkshire 39 8954 Limerick and Ennis.. Limerick and Foynes 2 26 Llanelly 4 46 London & North-Western London and Blackwall 5l 54 London & South-Western Loud. Brighton, &S. Coast London, Chatham, & Dover 72* 72 Gond., Tilbury, & Southend Man.,Sheffield, & Lincolnsh Manch. S.Jun.&Altrincham 9l 91 Maryport and Carlisle 2B 28 Metropolitan 3l Midland (incl. N.-Western) 630 Midland Gt.Westn. of Irind 2575 Monkland 7l Monmouthsh. Rail. & Canal 44 North British, Edin., Perth and Dundee N-Eastern and New. & Car 8944 North London 9 North Staffordshire 254 Oswestry and Newton.. Rh coney 194 St. Helen's Canal &Railway 52 Scottish Central Scottish North-Eastern 1324 Somerset and Dorset 394 South Devon South-Eastern 306 Stockton and Darlington Taff Vale 55 Ulster 644 Vale of Clwyd. Vale of Neath 254 Waterford and Kilkenny 3l Waterford and Limerick 77 West Cornwall 274 W. Hartlepool 11 arbr. &Rath W'haven,Cleator,&Egrmnt 7 Whitehaven Junction l2 Whitehaven & Furness Jun 35 614 192 71 44 345} 867& 9 252 1321 391 754 306 161 FOREIGN AND COLONIAL. Antwerp and Rotterdam At 1 . 19 i 52 52 1 • 1 -- 04 Austrian 828 82 8 27,492 35• 249 Belgian Eastern Junction 264 264 286 -' Bombay, Baroda, India 1825 1325 1, 406 Buffalo and Lake Huron 1615 1615 1,t.24 o of Detroit and Milwaukie lB5 185 3, 536 V 0 63 Dutch Rhenish3,BB9 .., _• 1085 1085 ro, 7 0r Eastern of France East Indian Grand Trunk of Canada Great Indian Peninsula lO9O 1 5 90 } 16,433 '' 6 '543 4M 4375 8,65 7 5,'03/ Great Luxembourg 134 134 5,0 11 ~, 511 Great Western of Canada 345 345 13,559 riot Madrid, Saragossa &Alicant 429 435 17,730 4 1 . 30 Northern of Canada .......• • • 94 94 1,647 Ao '_€34l Northern of France 698 698 50,504 "' .... Norwegian Trunk Ottoman Paris, Lyons, & Mediterrn 1491 1354 128,282 1- K 5,34 1 Paris and Orleans 1340 1204 66,162 -.-- Pernambuco 774 -- 1,130 530 Royal Danish 69 69 702 i. llO Sambre and Meuse 6B 68 1,451 " .... South Austrian Welland ....... 25 25 I,t West Flanders ..... 75 75 985 07 N. W. and N.W. of France...... 758 758 42,022 ' l ' ' COUNTRY MARKETS. WAKEFIELD —MAY 1. Fresh qualities of wheat were in fair iletimiltoalaY,ride prices were about i s a d vance on f ormer rates. B a iley or e steady at about l as t wee k' s rates. In other articles " was little change. Averages for - the week : Wheat 1,697 qrs., at 47s Oid Rye — _ s Od 8ar1ey......... 183'13 Peas 2 —s Od . Oats 247 Beans l7O STAMFORD—MAy 1. White wheat, 48slo 49s ; red, 44s to 46s per 360.t0t0 Barley, malting, 36s to 40s ; grinding, 32s to 34s Pe z. et Oats, 20s to 26s per 24 stone. Beans, o ld, 40 s to —45 qr. ; new, 35s to —s. LIVERPOOL —MAY 1. At this day's market there was only a moderate attend',„ ante of the country trade, and wheat met a slow inqui l ? all descriptions, at 2d per cental advance. Flour tae per barrel and sack more money. Indian corn was 0 ., the freely, and prices close about le 6d per qr higher 01 " 01 week. Oats brought id to Id per bushel more rri one T' e adif oatmeal 6d per l oa d. Barley, beans, and peas were 0 at late rates. EXETER—MAY 1. Wheat, white.. 6 s 3d to 6 s 4d f Barley.. 3 Ditto red .6s Od t o 6 s 3d I Oats .. i t s ; Flour, fine, 35s to 36s ; seconds,34s to —s per s ac l CATTLE. Fat beef, p sc., 10s0d t o 11 s 6d I Ewes, per lb ....ill to A ,-- v4a t 1 Pork carcases, 76 Od to 8a Od Wethers, d 0... Lamb, p 1b.......—d to - d Fat calves, d0...60 ' Rough fat, 3id per lb. BRISTOL SUGAR —MAT 1. l li heo ot ; The demand for b o th raw and refined sugar has - 13 / exceedingly flat, and s ma ll sa l es can only be , ffe ct io al° submitting to a reduction of 6d per cwt. No mu market; prices nominal, Births. COT' BRETTINGAM —On the Seth ult., at Donyland LO A g t e iberf° cheater, the wife of Major Brettingham, Royal . c " r " of a son. a noir' s ' Cousnis.—On the Ist inst., the wif e o f Mr. -° Belvidere House, Upper Norwood. of a son. GRANVILLE.— On the Ist inst., at Ifatchatn the wife of the Rev. Augustus K. B. Granville, a son. Marriages. SMITH—WETTON.-0a the 30th ult , at St. Mark'il.oref dleton-square, Walter Smith, Esq., of Claretoont,te to n Pentonville, and Old Corn E xc h a ge Mark - 1 - 40 8, Ellen. daughter of G. A. Wetton, Esq., , Canonbury, Islington. tth i n WILLETT—WA RREN.—On the 30th ult., at 0 tt o t Church, Richmond, S urre y, M r , George Brighton, to Ann S ara h, secon d d aug h ter of alr' - Warren, of Richmond. Deaths. er ANDOVER.—On the 29th ult ,at Brighton, thep oWri fe Viscountess Andover, wido . w of Admiral gir Y 4 aged 86. Da rden' BARDELL . —On the 27th ult., James Timot hy Esq., aged 73. I F r eeman, Bow FREEMAN.—On the 28th nit ,at , Mr. E. - • of Fenehureh-buildi ngs. „°I) G 0 /I°lll GOODFELLOW.—On the 29th u lt , Benjami- Esq., engineer, H y d e, Cheshire,' aged 5 1 . , 0 003, LEESON.—On th e 30 h ult., a t Chiswick, John. .1, Esq., aged 63. I Black ' MOOßE —On the 29th ult , at the Railway heath, Mr. Ja mes M oore, aged 50. iSikh RIDLEY.— On the Ist inst., Esq , aged at Colebrooke Dou s e' bury, New-Park, F ranc i s Ridley,llote f IQe e A ii"& ND Di S Z i Vi S : London : Printed and Published by WILL I--g l Z '. O ffic e ' ty c$ of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE Star ~, co o Strand, in the Precinct of, the Sav o y , LA the Middleeex.—§Aturclay, Lay 2, MA