The Sun. — London, England, 1830-02-02 00:00:00

4 to 0 1,- 0 5 10 5 t 3 " 4 2 Ist quoted. 0 to 11l l a 9 O 0 - 3 0 le 15 1 4 J 5 O 4 1$ g g nary. :K). tion Sugar° B hhds• an d fur export. 1.730 try'• last week , for expel'. market thl arge pu blic The last Aug. Th e locks Were about 50 0 reduced 0 ariation LS bales °f old at Sid. quotations. cwt. rm, and th e Indigo last preceding Capital are had fallen' i. TOO 1 there had Here tbe oing, frog' t week % 000 cob.' v. to 3614 ies of Aril' dinary an d ut at pr►c e dere. The ►er supPli e° ► the Ow n stock)! The de" bads. Wer e 1114 bbd°' 16d. ; 613 e Keatuck/ mains in° could 1 3 ° C tion on Os erly taken , and th e y, has a" saes. T ll 4 l fettled/ cm spirit s; and W e. gin-shop s, shall lo c pcommen d t of Ta° l ; , after 9 14 cient one' lat reform perceives him •iso lost. We the 99th Monday for 11 by the )ortrait—is h has bees n at Roulet exhibition g curiou s )resented Toternal;"' Pun an ton / 3—Prince' . Lord Too' lyard—ge c Russica' PEnolvAP Lady GlerY d'Esterre- 1 —Dowage r y TAxxx°' Lord Ar t u_Duke °' Ti viclgt ;a2coigne -- " G. WA S . Awsox• t has un- 1 the moo° for remark• e most part, 1 as we bavP The inpl& to outdoor men ry 9 and reets, giving been accur !arance of 0 ow in thoof impedlmeti still impar on, an d is' rtr. DAY)• do , s t y to every bitolc, to the Oa past twelve ie excep.• — ind over till ndisPositiort ce of [rt, said be ention day of tell' business t° mid be we') LITERATURE. A COMPENDIOUS GERMAN GRAMMAR. LONDON, 1830. _ If << a great book be a great evil," and the converse of the case hold equally good, this tiny Lilliputian grammar must be a superlative gain to literature. To an old gentleman, however, who is desirous of studying German, as Cato studied Greek at the age of eighty, its type, un aided by spectacles, must be nearly invisible. But such students, fortunately for the compiler, Mr. Bernays, are rare. His book is intended for the use of the young—the ardent—and the am bitious, with whom its dimensions will be in its favour, as tending to prove that a severe and Judicious condensation has been exercised ; that all unnecessary matters have been omitted, and their place supplied by merely what is essentially Valuable. MAGAZINE DAY. MONTHLY REVIEW, No. 54. From the circumstance of this work coining at so late an hour to hand, we have seldom had an opportunity of doing that justice to its merits Which they deserve. This we the more regret, as among the numerous—we might almost add— the countless periodicals of the day—few hold a more distinguished station than the Monthly Review. Whether we regard its general sense of propriety in its strictures on the passing works of the day; its mild, impartial, and acute style of criticism, or minute analysis ; its varied, and, many instances, its profound knowledge— Whether we look to each or all of these, we shall find the Review in question possesses high claims to public favour. In addition to this richly "tented praise, we cannot too warmly commend its temperate and sensible politics, which, unfet tered by Whig, Tory, or Radical, possess a straight-forward manly independence of character. The present number is in all respects a superior one. The opening article, on " Landon's and Montgomery's. Poetry," contains some just ob servations on the subject of the latter's Satan, though we cannot help thinking that the Re viewer has been too hard on the fair " Improvi satrice." Besides Miss Landon's Foetic qualifi cations, viz. her fancy, her feeling, her frequent propriety of expression, she evinces at times a vigour of thought and passion, and a fullness of idea, that satisfy us she must have reflected well and deeply, and made the best use of her time. " On the Present State of Foreign Affairs" is a temperate and rational notice of Mr. Gaily Knight's letter to the Earl of Aberdeen. We subjoin a specimen of its quality of remark : " There were in the worm grumblers against the ruling powers, long before Thersites called Ulysses a fool, and there have been ever since imitators of his illustrious example. Freeport, in the Spectator, talking of the hardness of trade, finds in the present day his exact coon .terpart in the idler, who, with his ten or twenty thou sand a year, lounges at his club, and growls over his newspaper. We Ive never been without prophets, who have foretold to o ur nation speedy decay and dissolution, and yet here we are living when we ought to be dead, merry when we ought to be sad, in the midst of our poverty managing to pay thousands for a song at the opera, driving the price of all the luxuries of life to unheard of extravagance, and apparently so eloyerl with all sorts of enjoyment, that we pay forty pounds a-day to the Siamese boys, for the purpose of enjoying a rarity ! "Do we then deny the existence of distress ? Far be it from us to support so direct a contradiction to esta blished facts : but we will ask any man, not only to seek in his own recollection, but to discover in the records of history, any period when distress did not exist. The poets tail us of a golden age, when all men were honest, and all women virtuous, when people were happy, and dined on acorns; but since that favoured time a mixed state of combined good and evil has always been the por tion, not only of men, but of nations; and it is equally 'airs to expest unalloyed happiness for the former, and unexceptionable prosperity for the latter. What we as sert is this, that though partial distress is undoubtedly experienced, yet there is far from being any foundation for gloomy foreboding, and that there is not the least rea son for distrust as to the general prospects of the nation. In attempting to support these positions, we are well aware of the terrible odds that encounter any one who tries to persuade an Englishman that he has a right to be happy." 4i Lectures on Sculpture" review in a spirit adverse, but not acrimonious, the late edition of • Mr. Flaxman's celebrated Lectures. We do not coincide with the Reviewer's opinions, though we respect his sagacity, his boldness, and above all, his sound sense. « Rose's Southern Africa," is a notice of this enterprising traveller's re searches in Africa, executed ill a style and with a spirit that would do credit to a Quarterly Re viewer in his happiest moments of composition, " Letters and Journals of Lord Byron, by Moore," is now becoming rather a hackneyed subject, from the great difficulty that exists of throwing a new light upon the subject. The public has by this time fully made up its mind that the work in question is one of the most fascinating, instructive, and felicitously executed in the language, an opinion w hich iie the R ev i ewer un h es i tat i ng l y en d orses . T Fifty-third number of this work, strange to say, has only just this moment reached us ; h is b oth amusing and intelligent, but as nearly five k wee have elapsed since its publication, we . shall content ourselves with this general com mendation. NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE. " The Last night of the Last Year—lreland as it Is," by Lady Morgan, is worth reading, as all her Ladyship's productions are ; and gives a fair enough estimate of the incalculable advan tages that by the passing of the Catholic Relief Btllhave accrued to the sister island. " Hucknall Torkard; Byron's last rest," is a brief, touching de -Bcription of the burial-place of this " last of all the 110 Mans." It is astonishing how much bad poetry "ail been registered in the Album kept for the Us e of visiters. Their admiration is infinitely 111 °I . e to be respected than their genius.— ' " Anecdotes of Russia" is, without excep- Ii ", one of the most intelligent and read able papers we have ever perused. The anecdotes on the subject of the punishment of the knout are replete with painful interest. " Recollections of a Gottingen Student are light, pleasant, and diversified reading."— " Sketches and Recollections" are very spi ritedly penned. We present the reader with a spe cimen descriptive of a suicide's last carouse : " TLe dinner went off much in the same way as dinners the kind generally do. But some circumstances oc %erred of too r e m ar k a bl e a c h ar acter to pass without men- It is true that, with the exception of Mr. Max ,:,,grey made no very deep impression on any one pre "l yet, at one or two of those circumstances, net one of the party but felt, more or less acutely, what might, ti not unaptly, be termed a momentary shock of astonish ment. No one could be a fairer talker than Sir Harry; he allowed opportunity to every one for taking his share in the conversation ; be never, as it were, elbowed himself in ; but availed himself adroitly, and apparently without ef fort, of the first opening Upon this occasion, however, he talked through every one that attempted to speak ; he talked almost incessantly ; and, indeed, seemed to be un easy when he was constrained even to a short interval of silence. He spoke, too, in a loud, overpowering tone of voice, altogether contrary to his usual habit; and his gaiety, ordinarily so distinguished by its suavity and its subordination to the dictates of good taste, was boisterous in the extreme, and sought to maintain itself by a recourse to expedients the most common-place. Again, it was ob served that, oftener than once, he filled a bumper, drank it off, and filled again before he passed the wine. " There was some question about arranging a Vauxhall party for the following evening, and Mr. Maurice B— not perceiving that their host was whispering Laurent, whn had just entered the room with a message to him, turned round, and abruptly inquired, 'Highflyer, where shall you be to-morrow night ?' Sir Harry turned sud denly at the question, fixed his eyes (which seemed to dis tend to twice their natural size) on the speaker, set his teeth firmly together, and uttered a short, convulsive, fiend like laugh, as his only reply; at the same time grasping Laurent by the fleshy part of his arm. A death-like si lence ensued ; not a soul present but felt a thrill of horror ! Lord Daslunore, indeed, who was raising his glass to his lips, involuntarily threw it upwards with such force, that it struck the ceiling and fell in fragments to the ground. Poor Laurent, sinking almost on his knees, while tears of agony were forced to his eyes, naturally and pathetically cried out in his own language, Mais, mon Dieu ! Mon sieur, vous me faites mal—vous me faites mal, vous dis-je.' Sir Harry relinquished his hold, drew his hand across his forehead, filled a bumper, carelessly reproached Colonel D—, who was assisting him in the duties of the table, with exposing the bottles to an attack of the cramp for want of motion, and, quite contrary to his custom, volunteered to sing a song. All this occurred in infinitely less time than it has occupied to describe it ; and, not withstanding the sensation was powerful, yet so rapidly had the scene which occasioned it passed, that it was ex tinct before the next bumper went round. " Sir Harry became—gayer? No—more boisterous than before. " Sir Charles F— remarked that they were thirteen at table! ' Then one amonet us is booked for within the year,' said Colonel D—, laughingly. " ' A hundred guineas to five I am the man,' said Sir Harry. " Done !' excaimed Lord Dashmore, at the same time drawing out his pocket-book for the purpose of entering the bet : 'and in a twelvemonth and a day I shall wait upon you for a cool hundred—for you'll lose.' " ' Tis no bet, Dashmore,' said Sir Harry, with a bitter smile, which no one but Maxwell noticed ; ''tie no bet, so don't book it : no man is justified in making a bet when he knows himself sure of winning.' "It was growing late. Some one looked at his watch and observed that it was almost time to break up. ' Don't think of leaving me yet,' said Sir Harry—' for God's sake.' And he rang for more wine, together with an chovy toasts, broiled bones, and other provocatives to drinking. To most present the form of his appeal seemed odd : to Maxwell it appeared awful ! " But the last, and most striking occurrence, of the night, is now to be related. Sir Harry, it has already been said, exhibited manifest signs of impatience at even the short intervals of silence to which the give•and•take of conversation occasionally subjected him. They threw him back upon his own reflections. A question being put to Colonel D_ respecting the storming of Padajoa, he de scribed just' so much of it as had come immediately under his own observation (for he had been engaged in it); and with so much force, vivacity, and picturesque effect, was his short narrative imbued, that it engrossed the attention of all present. It could not have occupied longer than three minutes ; yet, when the Colonel had ceased speaking, it was observed that Sir Harry was leaning with his el bow on the table, and his forehead in his hand. ' The Baronet's off,' said one, and laughed. Sir Harry started at the sound, mechanically filled his glass, and sent the wine on. What the deuce is the matter with you, High flyer ?' exclaimed another ; 'your cravat is covered with blood !" Nothing !'—replied he, putting his handkerchief to_ his mouth—' Nothing--,a scratch—nothing—nothing —fill—fill, and send the wine about.'—His appearance was ghastly ; his features were distorted, his face was deadly pale, and the blood was streaming front his nether lip, which, in the intensity of mental agony, he bad nil. consciously bitten nearly through ! " I have not seen the Baronet so much cut,' whispered Colonel D-- to Lord Dashmore, who was sitting next to him, ' since the hard bout we had at Melton last year. Let's be off.' "As the party retired, the successive Good night' of each fell upon Sir Harry's ear. like a death knell ! It struck like an ice-bolt to his heart ! He was a man of ' unquestionable courage,' as we have seen, but he could not stand it; and as the three or four last were preparing to leave the room, he cut short their valedictions by hastily saying, do, that'll do.' Maxwell was the last to retire. Sir Harry grasped his hand, and held it firmly till he heard the street-door close upon the rest. ' Now you may go, Tom ; those are mere friends of the hour, but you and I have been friends from children. You knew my poor father, and he loved you. Tilers'—and he shook his hand waruily—' there—now go—Good night ; Heaven bless you, Tom, Heaven bless you. Go—go.' Maxwell, as he went out, said to Laurent, 'lt is probable your master will not ring for you very early to-morrow ; be sure you suffer no one to approach him till I come.' " ASIATIC JOURNAL A vast variety of Indian topics, and it is astonishing how many are interested in their discussion, is comprised in this number, which following up the spirit of improvement, so rife in the present day, has enlarged its columns, retrenched much that was superfluous, and sup plied the vacuum by original matter of an agree ably miscellaneous character. UNITED SERVICE JOURNAL. Dv those classes of the community to whom this Magazine chiefly appeals, the present num ber will be found attractive, as it teems with variety as well of manner as of matter. Among those articles which have chiefly interested us, we may mention the one entitled " A Visit to the Isle of Johanna," which is one of the Co mora islands, situated in the Mozambique chan nel, and which appears little known to, and rarely visited by, European travellers. There is also a clever article, or rather historiette, on the sub ject of the Maroon War, to which we refer our readers. HARMONICON. The support given to this popular periodical proves that it is deserving of commendation— though success is far from being an infallible test of merit—and from the spirited manner which the present number has been got up we should think its popularity would be very likely to con tinue undiminished. Several of the Insurance Companies, it is said, have under consideration the expediency of changing their stock for terminable annuities, in the manner we described one of them to have done on Thursday. As those annuities, by the Government published tables, are calculated by the price of Consols for the day, and in such a manner that, taking the interest of stock exchanged out of the annuity, and applying the difference as a sinking fund, it will have repurchased, if Consols remain en an average at the same price, the whole of the stock so ex changed, at the period when the annuity expires, and the company taking the annuity will he exactly in the same position as that from which it first s,t out. If the ave rage price of Consols shall be higher, the sinking fund will not re-purchase the same amount of stock; if lower, it will purchase more, and the difference will be a profit to the Company. Their calculation evidently is, that, considering the constant vicissitudes which occur in the money-market, it is nut likely that during any given period, say of 10, 15, or 20 years, the average price of Consols will be so high as it is at present. If this system should be adopted by some of the leading Companies, whose investments in the funds extend to several millions, there may arise from it a large increase for the time to the current 'expenditure of the country.— Times. BRITISH INSTITU 1 lON. We have been much gratified by this exhibition of some of the chef d'auvres of our modern artists, ss hid), in point of number, no less than of v iriety and excellence, do credit to the British school of art. Many of our old favourites are here (althtugh we miss Wilkie, and this is a " sad miss"), Kidd, Newton, Hilton, Pickersgill, and hosts of other luminaries in the modern galaxy of art, whose deserts, known and appreciated as they ure, ?lun e preseribere longurn est." The " Guardian" of Newton is, we think, one of the best paintings in the collection. Nor must we omit Leslie's "Portrait of Sir Walter Scott," a spirited, and, as we understand, a singularly faithful likeness. Space and time forbid us to speak further at present in detail. COURT CIRCULAR. The Duke of WELLINGTON gave a grand dinner yester day evening at Apsley House, Piccadilly, to the Grand Cabin, t (composed of the great Officers of State, and the Ministers who form the Cabinet.) The party consisted of the Lord Chamberlain, the Lord Chancellor, the Lord President of the Council, the Lord Privy Seal, the Secretaries of State for the Home, Foreign, and Colonial Departments, the First Lord of the Admiralty, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Master of the Mint, and Mr. BULLER (as Clerk of the Privy Council.) After dinner the list of persons nominated on the mor row of St. Martin, in the Court of Exchequer, to serve the office of Sheriff for the different counties in England, was finally arranged previously to its being pricked by his MAJESTY in Council. The Right Hon. Sir STRATFORD CANNING transacted business yesterday at the Foreign office with the Earl of ABERDEES. The Earl of CLANwiLLIA3r, the Earl of ABERDEEN, and Mr. Secretary PEEL had interviews with the Duke of WELLINGTON yesterday, at the Treasury. The Bishop of LoNnox visited the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER yesterday. The Russian Ambassador gave a grand dinner on Sunday evening, at Ashburnham-house, to a select party. The Marquis of HERTFORD has arrived in town from his residence, Sudbourn-hall, Suffolk. Mr. HERRIES transacted business yesterday at the office of the Board of Trade. The accounts received on Saturday from Woburn, state that the Duke of BEDFORD was recovering from his late severe indisposition, although but slowly. FASHIONABLE INTELLIGENCE. ♦RRIVALS. The Duke of Manchester, at his house in Park-lane, from hi § seat, Kimbolton Castle ; the Earl and Countess of Tankerville, at their house in Grosvenor-square, from their seat in Northum berland ; the Earl and Countess of Darlington, at their house in Upper Brook-street, from Norfolk ; Lord and Lady Dormer, at Fenton's Hotel, St. James's-street, from Hants ; W. Hawkins Esq., at ditto, from a tour; Mr. and Mrs. Archer, in Regent: street, from Wilts ; - Stratford, Esq., and - Barnes, Esq. at the British Hotel, Jermyn_street, from Devonshire; John Fitz: gerald, Esq., M.P., in Portland-place, from his seat in Sussex ; Colonel and Mrs. Cooke, in Brook-street, from Bath; Mr. and Mrs. M'Donnell, in Piccadilly, from Ireland; Dr. and Mrs. Nagler, at Batt's Hotel, Tonbridge Wells; Mr. Brixton, at ditto, from Bath. DEPARTURES. Earl and Countess Gower, for Lord Clifton's seat, Roehampton ; Rev. Mr. Boscawen, froth St. James's-square, forWotton, !surrey; the Countess of Mansfield and Lady C. Murray; from Mivart's Hotel, Lower Brook-street, for their seat at Richmond ; the Rev. George Neville Grenville, from Hill-street, for Chester ; Earl Clanwilliam, from Warren's Hotel, Regent-street, for Roehamp ton ; J. Torre, Esq., from Morley's Hotel, Cockspur-street, for Tonbridge Wells ; J. Shaun and G. Shann, Esqrs., from ditto, for Trinity College, Cambridge; - Membherd, Esq., from ditto for Bucks; Mrs. Huston and family, from Gould's Hotel, Jermyn.,, street, for Brighton ; Captain Buckley, from the British Hotel, Jermyn_street, for Chatham ; Wm. Farquhar, Esq., from ditto, for Bath; Walter Smyth, Esq., from Bath; Mr. and Mrs. Jones, from ditto; King Jones, from ditto, Arthur Palmer, Esq., from ditto, for Cambridge. JACK FROST AND THE DUKE. A SHORT DIALOGUE BETWEEN JACK FROST, OF MEDICO-BOTANICAL NOTORIETY ♦ND lIIE GRACE THE DUKE OF ST. ON THE FORMER CALLING TO REPORT THE PROGRESS OF lIIS SOCIITY. DUICY. Frost ? Frost ?—Ay, ay, I now remember, You call'd on me this last November. Well how goes on—? stay, let me look Your what you call it ?—in your book. FROST. The names, your Grace ?—we've many more: Of Lords I'll show, at least, two score. And as for Soe'reigns, here are plenty, I dare say I can shew you twenty— And, then, for Orders,—bless my Stars! I've more than those who've fought the wars. DUKE. And is that all ?—A sad account— Twenty, you say ?—a poor amount ; For, Frost, you surely must remember, I gave you 1 , 1111 this last November. As for your Orders, curse such trash, I hate all paper—give me cast' SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. TATTERSALL'S. TIM FOUR PER CENTS. Six,.--Though I am perfectly ready to admit that GO verntnent has every tight to repay its debts, in the same way that private individuals would repay theirs, whenever those debts can be first reduced to the same class, yet I ap prehend that in practice those debts, when even most as similated, are seldom so reduced : and that were they so still, that no private individual ever does, or could, offer to repay debts in the way in which you would propose for Government to pay off the Four per Cents., that is, with "tit either having itself the mean, or being really able to borrow tbem. Debts, whether private or public, are by nature equally susceptible of two distinct forms. They might be made payable, on demand, or they might be made expressly not so. It is, however, this difference of form which alone renders either liable to different claims of repayment. In us far as private debts are, by custom, most usually made payable on demand, they would indeed be generally under stood to he equally, if not rather, repayable also at the will of the borrower. The rule only means to give a perfect latitude, as to time, to both parties ; still this is liable to special restriction. Private debts may be charged also upon annuities, or in the common form, if a great capi ta►ist has also credit, by which he may at times influence the public market, and can be suspected of meaning to employ this power merely for some private purpose, then the lender would of course have reason to restrict him. But we know that this case can seldom occur ; and that when it does, it may seem sufficiently guarded against by the power expressly given to the lender to recall the loan at any moment. In as far as public debts arc usually made of the diffe rent form, they would, on the contrary, be naturally understood to contemplate no time of repayment whatever, such as public stocks, which profess, upon the face of them, to be only perpetual annuities. These, however, are rendered, in a certain degree, re payable, though not like the• former, on demand. But by a special regulation, which by assuming a capital, for them to be repaid at somewhat above the price at which they were taken, secures that they can only be repaid at a bonus; and we know that there are cases in which that has been thought insufficient, when it has been further expressly stipulated that the higher stocks should not he repaid till after a certain proportion of other stocks, a principle far more evident than the justice with which we have seen it evaded by arbitrary power. Still, I grant, that under these stipulations both kind of debts become, in some sense, repayable; but the case of the great capitalist again recurs, with this addition, that in Government he is always at hand, and without the same salutary restriction; and if you are at all right that Go vernment may only threaten its creditors, and thus com pel them to take less without borrowing at all, then the abuse is evidently unlimited. Whoever would seriously endeavour to borrow one hun dred and forty-six millions, for instance, to pay off the Four per Cents., would only find that the interest of money would rise in consequence, and effectually stop his process. If he could indeed by any means succeed, he must thereby have created a fresh market, in which the creditor could invest. 10 THE EDITOR OF' THE SUN. No business was done yesterday but in the Derby, which has again undergone some important fluctuations. There has been a report that Brunswicker had started from the North on his road to Newmarket. This, we believe, is not the fact, as tLe north countrymen are better judges than to risk such a horse in such unfavourable weather.. If tie frost holds two or three weeks longer, the backers of this fancy nag will have some cause to tremble, for there will not be too much time for preparation. From this reason the odds about him were taken with great ti midity, while Mummer advanced to even betting with the call. Cressida was kicked freely, and left off third fa vourite, with a strong party. Cetus was backed to 300/. at 14 to 1, by a gentleman who ought to know what he can do. Some wag reported that he had been tried with Mummer (with skates, we presume), and had got the best of it. Of the betting generally the uninitiated should be cautious at this period, for whenever the weather open s the change will be rapid and important. The following was the result of yesterday's business : S to 1 agst Sir Mark Wood's The Mummer 8 to 1 agst Mr. Petre's Brunswieker 10 to 1 agst Mr. Chifney's Cressida colt 10i to 1 agst Lord Cavendish's Mouse colt 13 to 1 agst Lord Cleveland's Wat Tyler (taken) 14 to 1 agst Sir M. Wood's Cetus (taken) • 17 to 1 agst Lord Exeter's Mahmoud 25 to 1 agst Lord Sefton's Sal colt 28 to 1 agst Mr. Ramsbottom's Zucharelli 30 to 1 agst Lord Sefton's Captain Arthur 35 to 1 agst Duke of Grafton's Rupert 35 to 1 agst Mr. Petre's The Major (taken) 1000 to 10 agst Sir M. Wood's Zoraida colt (taken) Could he even do this fairly by degrees, the effect would be the same, though perhaps somewhat disguised by being slower. Your other proposal, that of partially selecting a few of the more refractory, to intimidate all the rest, might in deed succeed, to avoid paying at all, but it would be alto gether an act of mere arbitrary power and flagrant injus tice. We know, that wherever any such partial tem ment has i❑ practice been tolerated, it has been stipulated that the selection should he by open ballot, purposely to exclude the possibility of such an abuse. I have only to add, that even though I admit the right, yet then there is a question as to the policy. Go vernment must of course look forward to the borrowing again, when it will have to pay dearly for having yielded itself to any such delusive subterfuges. I am, Sir, one who really never was, nor is likely to be, a holder of Four per Cents., but am Your humble servant, -- - ETON EDUCATION. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. A. C. SIR,—I was very glad to see in your Paper of Friday last a letter to the Rev. Dr. Keate, bead master of Eton College, upon the subject of " Neglect of Eton Boys," as the article was headed. It is a very good thing that the defects in the system of any public establishment should be exposed to the public, but more especially those of such an establishment as Eton, where the flower of our aristo cracy are principally educated, and are supposed to receive those fundamental instructions which are to be their guides in after life. Your correspondent Philo argues with "great justice, that the system of Eton should keep pace with the times; and that an establishment, remaining in the same state as it was a century back, must be considered rather as preventing than forwarding the good of society. That the system of Eton has been fundamentally the same as it was one hundred years back, till within the last two years, is a fact which can be denied by no one, not even the masters themselves; and that this sy stem is itself on some points grossly reproachable is u fact equally undeniable. To prove to you, and the public, that I do not make an un founded assertion, I will, if you please, commence by at tacking the defects in the literary part of the system. I was myself at Eton for ten years, and during a part of that time on the foundation. I may the►efore be allowed to know as much of Eton from personal experience, as will be quite sufficient to warrant me in finding fault with its defects, and praising what good points 1 know to exist in the system. In the first place then it may be expedient to corroborate in the most unqualified manner the statement of Philo respecting his son's education. It is perfectly true that a boy, so inclined, may go from one school time's end to another, without getting up in a proper manner one third of the lessons which are for the form to which he belongs ; and the reason is plain: There are as many as seventy boys go in a division to construe their lessons to a master ; out of these seventy he selects any boy he pleases to examine the lesson. There are generally not above three of the boys examined in a school-time, which lasts from three quarters of an hour to an hour ; so that in each division, of which there are about twelve in the upper school, at least sixty-seven of the boys, upon an average, are unexamined in every lesson. This statement clearly shows the scope that is given to an idle boy for the indulgence of his idle propensities. A master of Eton may say in answer to this, " yes ! but then the boys con strue their lessons to their tutors before each school-time." I answer, " very true ! but then it is only ralucing the scale of seventy to twenty, and it is the some thing again ; so that take the thing in whatever way you please, there are at least two-thirds of the school never examined in any lesson. I fear I have extende.i my letter to an unwar rantable length. But, if yon please, as I have begun I will continue, and point out ever and anon in a letter to you the abuses and defects of Eton. Not, however, ne lecting to praise where praise is due, I pledge myself to " Nothing extenuate, nor aught set down in malice." ETONENSIS ALUMNUS. -- College, Cambridge, Feb. I, 1830. 2000 to 400 — aget Mouse and \Vat Tyler (taken) Mr. PEEL is already in possession of all the portraits of his colleagues in office, painted by Sir THOMAS LAWRENCE, with the solitary exception of the Loan CHANCELLOR, who had agreed to sit a few days before his fatal illness. Early in the week all the pictures painted by Sir THOMAS LAWRENCE for the KIND, and which are intended to decorate the Waterloo Gallery, when it is finished, were removed from the late President's house, in Russell-square, to Windsor Castle, by the special com mand of his MAJESTY. They are 33 to 34 in number.— Sir WM. KNIGHTON cage to town for the express pur pose of arranging the removal of this series of portraits. Sir THOMAS LAWRENCE'S Will is not yet proved ; but an abstract of it has been given by the executor to a few individuals. The invaluable collection of drawings by MICHAEL ANGELO, RAIMAXL, RUBENS, REMBRANDT, LEONARDO DA VINCI, Guano, and the other old masters, which coat the President upwards of 37,000/., are to be offered to the KIND for 18,000/. ; and, in case of refusal, to Mr. PEEL, Lord DUDLEY, the Royal Academy, and some others, at 20,000/. If they should all refuse to purchase, they are to be sold by auction at the end of one year. THE FOREIGN LITERARY GAZETTE ) No. 5, will be published to-morrow, and contain, among other articles, the Russian Byron's Don Juan—An inte resting Review cf the Present State of Egypt—Arcana of the Bull's Eye at Versailles—View of the Population, Finances, Trade, &c., of the United States, 1829—Poems on the late Nuptials of FERDINAND Vll.—Expose of the Actual State of II mover—Original Correspondence from Paris, Rome, Berlin, Leyden, &c.--,The Island of Java, its People, Manners, Scc.-Reviews—Literary Notices— Memoranda in Science, the Fine Arts; &c.—Published ever y Wednesday, by W. A. SCRIPPS, 7. Wellington street, Strand ; and to he had of all Th.oksellers, News vender., Scc., price Trnpence ; or One Shilling, stamped. MR. OWEN. TO THE POLITICAL ECONOMISTS AND UTILITARIANS. FELLOW•LABOURERS IN THE CAUSE OF HUMAN IMPROVEMENT,—You have long occupied yourselves in attempts, to elicit the principles on the practice of which society is to be rendered wealthy and happy. Upon these points, however, you have not yet satisfied yourselves or others ; but your search for truth on these important sub,;ects is, nevertheless cominucd, with unabated energy and interest. That your pursuits are highly important and praise worthy, all must readily acknowledge; yet, from causes which may now be rendered obvious, you have hitherto laboured in vain; for with much learn- ing, great ingenuity, and extraordinary acuteness of certain intellectual faculties, you have, through many words, made that which is plain and simple in itself a most involved and perplexed theory, unintelligible to those who desire to obtain knowledge from facts, and to apply that knowledge to practice for the ge neral benefit of society. . One party desires that wealth may superabound; and the other that the greatest amount of happiness shall be secured to the greatest number. The latter includes the former; but the former does nut ne cessarily include the latter; for there may be, and often is, a superfluity of riches which tends to pro duce partial happiness only for the few, and misery for the many. The Utilitarians, therefore, aim at the highest ob ject, and at that which most deserves the attention of rational beings ; for the investigation of the means by which to produce the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number, is a subject which must ever deeply interest the best and most intelli gent of the human race. By taking a somewhat different view to that which you have hitherto done, of the means by which wealth and happiness are to be produced, it will now, perhaps, be possible for you to discover how these may be obtained and permanently secured to all; for until all shall be made to possess them, it will be impracticable for the few permanently to enjoy either. The direct road to the attainment of wealth and happiness is only to be found through a correct knowledge of the fundamental laws of human nature ; of the conditions which are necessary for its happi ness, of the best means by which those conditions can be obtained, and permanently secured to all. The most important fundamental laws of human nature and the conditions essential to its happiness, are annexed. From a consideration of these laws and conditions in connexion with each other, it is evident that there is but one mode by which mankind can secure for themselves a permanent sulfide icy of wealth and a full enjoyment of happiness. It consists in creating a new arrangement of circumstances, which shall form for each individual a character so superior, phy sically, mentally, and morally, that a due exercise of all his faculties alone, will be sufficient to obtain for him, in'a rational state of existence, a full supply of those things which are essential to the happiness of human nature. In a developement of the means by which this new arrangement of circumstances can be formed, a knowledge of the science of the influ ence of circumstances will be found indispensable ; for this science it is which explains the origin of good and evil, and which exhibits the means by which evil may henceforward be extracted from human society, and good alone retained. For as the circumstances in which human nature is placed are of a vicious, or virtuous, or of a rational or irrational character, so will be the general charac ter of all the populrvion placed within those circum stances, varied only in the character of each indi vidual by the difference at birth in the organization of each, united to the difference of time and place when and where the impressions of those eireum- stanced are received, and the order and strength by which they are made to act upon the individual. A first Essay to direct the application of these principles to practice has been made in an exposé, which has been submitted to the consideration of the British Cabinet ; but perhaps your learning, in genuity, acuteness, and practical knowledge, may enable you to suggest a better mode of applying these principles to practice, than the outlines proposed in that expose. In this case you cannot perform a greater service to your fellow beings, than by giving the result of that knowledge to the public; and, if it shall appear to be founded on reason, arid of a practical nature, no one will more sincerely rejoice or be more willing to aid, to the full extent of his abilities, in its reduction to practice, than Your friend and servant, ROBERT OWEN. 49, Bedford-square, Jan. 29, IS O. FUNDAMENTAL LAWS OF HUMAN NATURE. Ist. That human nature, in the aggregate, is a compound consisting of animal propensities, intellec tual faculties, and moral qualities. 2d. That these propensities, faculties, and quali ties, are united in different proportions in each indi vidual. 3d. That this difference in the proportion of the same general propensities, faculties, and qualities, constitutes the original difference between one indi vidual and another. 4th. That this difference in each, is made by a power unknown to the individual, and, therefore, without his knowledge or consent. 5 , h. That each individual comes into existence, within certain external circumstances, and that these, acting upon his peculiary original organizat ion, during the early period of his life, impress their general character upon him ; and that thus the local and national character of each individual is formed in dependently of himself. Gth. That the influence of these general external circumstances, is modified in a particular manner, by the peculiar organization of each individual; and that thus, the distinctive character of each is formed and maintained through life. 7th. That no infant has the power of deciding at what period of time, or in what part of the world, he shall come into existence; of what parents he shall be born, in what particular religion he shall be trained ; or by what other external circumstances he shall be surrounded, from birth to death. LITERATURE.—The following New `'corks i Bth. That each individual is so organised, that, are just ready for publication by Messrs. COLBIIIIN and when young, he may be made to receive ; either BENTLEY, New Buriington-street :-1. The Adventures true ideas derived from a knowledge of facts; or of an Irish Gentleman, written by himself, 3 vols.-2, to receive false notions, derived from the imagine- The Life of Major-General Sir THOMAS Muerte., Bart., I tion, unsupported by, or in opposition to fuels. K.C.8., late Go vernor of Madras, with Extracts from 9th. That each individual is so organised, that he his Correspond ence an d P r i va t e Papers ; by the Rev. Mr. must, necessariy become irrational, when he is made from infancy to receive, as truths, false notions; and GLEIO ; with fi ne p or t r ait-3. Darnley, or, " The Field can only become rational, when he shall be made, of the Cloth of G o ld,'' a Tale, by the Author of " Riche- ' front infancy, to receive• true ideas, unaccompanied lieu"-4. Lord GLxxcALL's Comedy of The Follies of by any of an opposite character. Fashion-5. Memoirs and Correspondence of Thomas I 10th. That each individual is so organised, that, JEFFERSON, late President of the United States; the third i when young, he may be trained to acquire injurious and concluding volume—and 6. Tales of the Classics, a habits only, or beneficial habits only ; or that he new delineati on o f th e m ost popular Fables, Legends, and , e made to acquire a mixture of both. Allegories, co mmemora t e d in the works of Poets, Painters, n may and Sculptor s; se l ec t e d and written by a Lady, for the 11th. That each individual is so organised, that amusement and instruction of her own daughters ; 3 vols. he must believe, according to the strongest convic -245. neatly bound. Idon that is made upon his mind ; and that this eon- SIR THOMAS MuNno.—The Life of Sir ViCti " can not be given to him by his will ; but, that the will is generally formed by the conviction Tuomas Murz AO, late Governor of Madras, just published, by the Rev. G. R. G LEIG , un d e r the sanction of the family, which he is compelled to receive. comprises a n i mmense num b er of letters Is his relations 12th. That each individual is so organised, that and friends. The Editor observes in his preface that " the he must like that which is pleasant to him, or in many striking and important transactions in which he other words, that which produces upon him agree eganised, that agree bore a part ; the high and responsible offices which he able sensations; and dislike that which is unpleasant filled; the friendships which he contracted with most of to him, or in other wordQ, that which ro4accs in the distinguished characters of the age; and the estimation him di s agr e e a ble sensations and that 4 cannot is which he was h e ld b y them,—these circumstances have know, previous to eepe;ience, vdiat particular sef,teae all contributed to draw hint more generally into notice, than almost any Indian functionary of modern times; lions whilst the attention thus excited, has rarely failed to be his will is forined for hi;;-,, by the effect, either lin kept alive, by an examination, however superficial, into Mediate or more remote, ullich circumstances pro th. s h hat d e i a v c i ,a l i t ) i i t s tl at i i no organised, that his own merits and gervices. No apology, therefore, seems :rohhojttec eachts idi%llill.,:llid(poiiir:lo,g,iidotti;ca necessary for the attempt now made, to make his country men in general better acquainted than they are with the n tj o u t ele4 O t r o t i l li y ,' will, his feeli n o s an d Id, are history of a man of whom Mr. CANNING, with no less , truth than eleg ance , has d e clare 1, that "Europe never formed fin' him by the effect of the impressions produced fectaein h a a t: e o s r ? s accomplished more sk i iskilful soldier." ;. no r India, so which circumstan ces produce upon his i n di v idu a l On• ganisation; .hut that his whole character, physical, mental, and moral, is also thus formed, independently qf himself. 15th. That each indi anal is so organised; that impressions which, at their commencement, and for a limited time, produce agreeable sensations, will, if continued without intermission, beyond a certain period, become, first, indifferent, then disagreeable, and ultimately painful. 16th. That each individual is so organised, that when, beyond a certain degree of rapidity, impres sions succeed each other, the effect produced is to dissipate, weaken, and otherwise injure his physical, mental, or moral powers, and to diminish his enjoy ment. 17th. That each individual is so organised, that his highest health, his greatest progressive improve ment, and his perma►►ent happiness, depend upon the due cultivation of all his physical, intellect uhl, and moral faculties and powers; upon all these constitu ent parts of his nature being called into action at a proper period of life; and upon their being afro.- wards temperately exercised, according to the strength and capacity of the individual. 18th. That each individual is so organised, that he is made to receive a vicious, unhappy, or what is commonly called the bad character, when he has been created at birth with a►► unfavourable propor tion of the general propensities, [acuities, and qualities, of our common nature; and, that, when so unfortunately organised i lie has been placed, from birth, amidst the most unfavourable circum s!ances. 19th. That each individual is so organised that he is made to receive what is called a Medium cha racter, when he has been created at birth, with a favourable proportion of the general propensities, faculties, and qualities of our common nature, and when the external circumstances which surround him from birth, are such as to produce continued vicious or unfavourable impressions. Or, when he has been created with an unfavour able proportion► of these propensities, faculties, and qualities, and when the external circumstances in which he is placed, are of a character to impress him with favourable sensations only : Or, when he has been created with a favourable proportion of some of these propensities, faculties, and qualities, and an unfavourable proportion of others; and when the individual has been placed, through life, in varied external circumstances which mike on him impressions, which produce some good and some evil sensations. This last compound has hitherto been the general lot of mankind. VOth. That each individual is so organised, that he is made to receive a superior character, when his original organisation is such as to contain the hest proportion of the propensities, faculties, and quali ties of which human nature is formed,and when the circumstances which surround the individual from birth, are of a character to make impressions upon him, which produce superior sensations only ; or, in other words, when the circumstances or laws, in stitutions, and customs, under which he lives, are all in unison with the laws of his nature. CONDITIONS ESSENTIAL TO HUMAN HAP• PINESS Ist. The possession of a good organisation, phy sical, mental, and moral. 2d. 'l':►e power of procuring►, at pleasure, what ever is necessary to keep the organisation in the best state of health. 3d. That an education shall be given to the whole population, which shall cultivate in the best manner, from infancy to maturity, their physical, intellectual, and moral powers. 4th. The inclination and the means of promoting the happiness of our fellow beings. sth. The inclination and the means of conti nually increasing our stock of knowledge. 6th. The means of enjoying a superior society ; and more especially, the power of associating, at pleasure, with those, for whom we cannot avoid feeling the most regard, and the greatest affection. 7th. The means of travelling at pleasure. Bth. A release from superstition, from superna tural fears, and from the dread of death. 9th. That the origin of evil shall be removed from society ; that is, the supposition that man has been so constituted, us to have the power of feeling and thinking as he pleases, and that in consequence of the removal of this erroneous supposition, that all shall be enabled to speak only what they fell and think. 10th. That all the laws, institutions, and arrange ments of society, shall be in accordance with the laws of human nature. Lord STEwAnT, the eldest son of the Earl Of CASTLE-STEWART, Will shortly be married to idles Rurnuasr, a grand-daughter of the Bishop of NORWICH. Soule circumstances in the lady's family are sad and sin gular. Her father, who went abroad some years ago on a Continental excursion, has never since been heard of ; he was traced as far as Florence, where all clue to inquiry ceased, and his fate has never been even suspected. The melancholy death of her sister is bettor known, in the tra gical end she came to while riding out at Rome, where she fell from her horse, and was precipitated into the Tiber and drowne 1. Another of this fancily is married to ➢lr. HETON DE CRESPIGNY. The young lady in question is very I retty, and highly accomplished. . . ILFORD, FF.B. 2.—PROVINCIAL DISTIIES3, Nowhere has distress been deeper felt by the labouring class of society than at the small village of Ilford in Essex, during the late inclement season ; indeed so great has been the poor man's suffering that most of their families have hul neither food nor fire to comfort them, which would have continued had not the laudable exertions of the surrounding gentlemen aided their distressed situation by affording them coals. 11. DARE, Esq. a magistrate, as— sisted by Mr. THOMPSON, have forwarded a donation of coals, Bce. ; and the proprietors of the different villages have also exerted themselves in a similar way, particularly a Mr. Wool), residing at Ilford, The example set by the above gentleman will it is hoped be followed by others equally capable of relieving the distress of their suffering fellow-creatures. The Literary Union Club has almost reached 500 members, and the entrance fee is already doubled on new candidates. Many such advances are likely to take place before they number 1,000 members. It is said that this Club will occupy the present University house in Suffolk.street, as soon as the latter have built their in tended magnificent establishment, which is to surpass even, the Atheuxuna. The University have now, we hear, 1,100 candidates waiting for admission, and unless they make more baste, a junior club will be formed from these eager expectants. It is hoped that the Literary Union will steer clear of the errors of most other clubs, and have acting and efficient men on their Committee. The Union Club can furnish them with wale useful re gulations. ROYAL SOCIETY.--SAFETY AGAINST FlRE.—On Thursday evening the Royal Society held their periodical meeting. The President, D. GILBERT, Esq. in the Chair. The attendance was numerous, probably to w:tness the experiments of the Chevalier ALDINI, of Bologna, " for preserving human life from fire." The Chevalier handled red-hot pokers as freely as he would walking-sticks, imd also supplied " ashes s' gloves, by which those ot the company who chose to make the tlial were euabled to do the same. He informed the company that lie had succeeded in constructing an apparatu s , or lather clothing, to preserve persons from injury wh et aro exposed to flames, the efficacy of which had bee;, proved at Geneva, where he showed the firemen that l B Aliger, en veloped first in asbestos, and then i n a da,,k4te.caw of .wire gauze, might be held in the fl ame wi A spirit-lamp, o r ca ndle, for a long tune before in k oavenient heat was felt and then clothing them gr4.,,tilly, accustomed them to the fi,rcest flames. A f4::eman having his hawd its a double asbestos glove, ',s,ud guarded in the pt.IM by a piece of as -1 esteq cioth, laid hold of 4 large piece Of red-hot iron, c.,:;red it slowly to tk l e distance of one hundred and, ,illy feet, then set t.ti‘aw on fire by it, and immediately locougl;it it It ell the furnace, the hand not being at all'injured in Si'ct experiment. Another 'experiment tok . .ied to the de fooce of the head, the eyes, and tho Luigi. The fireman put on only an asbestos and wire,gauze cap, and a cuirass, and held a shield befttae his breast. A fire of shavings was then lighted in a chafing-dish, and the fireman plunged head ink) the middle of the flames, with his face tas. wards tin' fuel, and in that way went several times revoul the chafing-dish fur a period :hove a niMute in duration. The Chevalier stated that he had an application &fere his tl tjesty's Ministeis for a space of ground, and adequate opportunities, to exhibit his experiments, lie r,t red from the room amid the plaudits of the company. Y). uses.)