The Sun. — London, England, 1863-10-30 00:00:00

THE S'3l7: RN CONFEDERACY, (Fr( fa the Times' Special Correspondent.) RICHMOND, Sept. 20. It is tenuceh to be desired, in the interest of scienti fic; military history, that the chronicle of the events which, sit ice the 10th of July, have accompanied the relnarkat de siege of Charleston, and of those which veal intervene between the present date and its pro bably remoter termination, should hereafter be given to the world, under the interpretation of two com petent military engineers, writing one from the Northern, the other from the Southern, point of v i ew _ The indications at present are, that in wealth no guns, in the weight of their metal, in the scien tific application of militery engineering, in the abun dance of resource, wielded both by attack and de fence, and in its daration, the siege of Charleston will tower above all other sieges of modern history and will point many a moral in the pages of future Vaubans. It!mr A y be interesting to your readers that Ifshould briefly recapitulate some of the prominent incidents which have illustrated the siege during the present month, and which have at this moment inclined the balance so strongly in favour of the de fenders that, in this mercurial community, anxiety and uneasiness have ceased to hover over Charleston harbenee, and have been transferred to the momen tous ( sperations of Generals Rosencranz and Bragg- T'a e month opened and found the Federals firmly planted on Morris Island, under cover of an en -Marling fire from the new Ironsides and the seven Monitors which lay off the island. Their flying Silp was unweariedly pressed forward until it e got r nearer and nearer to Battery Wagner, which, a their previous repulse, it would appear that the Federals had little st o mach again to attack to by as sit. But, net satisfied with the approtac parallels close up to the battery, e Federal General and Admiral seem to have desired to cap ture not only the work itself, which it may be presumed they thought was about to be evacuated, but also all its guns an d its garrison. Accord. ingly, shortly after midnight on the sth instant an attack by men in boats and launches was directed against Battery Gregg, which stands at the extreme northern point of Morris Island, and lies between Fort Sumter and Battery Wagner. Tne Confede rates were not unprepared for the assault, and at the proper moment two signal rockets were sent up from Battery Gregg, and iu an instant torrents and hail storms of shot and shell were poured from all sides into Lighthouse Creek, where the enemy was as sembling. In a quarter of an hour all was over. The Federals retired without attempting to land, and not a little astonished to fiad into what a hor nets' neat they had run their heads. On the night of the 6th the Federal sap was within a few yards of Battery Wagner, and they were raising their parapets so high that in a short time they would have had no difficulty in leaping into the w or k , as the French leaped into the Mala koff. It became evident to General Beauregard that the hour for his evacuation of a battery, which had without injury stood two months of unparalleled bombardment, was at hand. The Federals had been swarming along the coast in barges mounted with howitzers and fie'dneieces, protected by two Moni tors; but they were driven off by a well-directed fire before the embarkation of the Confederates com menced. The evacuation itself was skilfully and successfully conducted. From Batteries Gregg and Wagner there were brought off 2000 men (200 of theta wounded), and the only loss sustained was that of one boat, in which were a lieutenant and six men. There were left to the enemy a few big guns in Bat tery Wagner which were entirely worn out, having been fired some 1,500 times apiece. The only mis carriage was the failure to blow up the works, in consequence of bad fuzes, which did not explode—. a failure which will, perhaps, save the Foderals a few days' labour. The general feeling in Charles ton is that the only effect produced by the fall of these batteries will be to make Fort Sumter hotter than ever, and to expose the batteries on James Island towards Shell Point to a more galling fire. It is interesting, lam told, to hear the garrisons of these evacuated batteries compare their experiences. There seems to be a general con currence, as to the fact that the new Ironsides was by far the most formidable of their antagonists on the water. The fire of the Monitors was little heeded. Upon the morning of the Bth the Federals, cm heldened by the capture of the whole of Morris Island, and thinking that the turn of their tiset had now come, opened a very heavy fire from the new Ironsides and seven Monitors, assisted by several I'l,Tirl batteries, upon Forts Sumter and Moultrie. There can be little doubt that, although the bom bardment of the 7th of April attracted far more notice, the bombardment of the Bth of September was a more formidable affair, and that upon the latter occasion the Federal ironclads were much more roughly handled. After an engagement of about two hours the Ironsides crawled slowly out of action, with great commotion visible upon her deck, and was soon followed by the Monitors, some of which were, as was patent to observers with powerful glasses, greatly injured. Since that day up to the present hour none of the 'Monitors have taken any part in assailing the land batteries, and there are now only five of these sea monsters, in stead of the ordinary seven, visible from St. Michael's Tower. But the night of the Bth seems to have been thought by the Federals a favourable moment for an attempt to take Fort Sumter by storm, It was beli eve d th a t t h e f ort was he ld Onl y by a handful o f men ; th at i t was a mass of ruins, up which the assailants could climb e "At difficulty, and that it would, after the eo ne e_ em pr i se : LU il ent of the morning, be taken by sur- Battery 13111.1' as on the occasion of the assault upon the launch:aggo; a storm of shot and shell saluted in significant the attacking party. Only an in. who to the number of Federals landed at the fort, taken prisoners number of rather more than 100 were a nephew of Gene ' r t e al eo \ tt the csptured officers being the best Confederate la leade. It is the opinion of gingers that Fort Sumter, as it now stands, siren taken by the copious use of sandbags, can only b, the garrison holding it continues assault, and that if bich itues, as heretofore, to do its duty, no assault vo be directed against it gives much promise Bueeerae:eimPort Sumter does not appear to be thought esser nistak to the defence of Charleston ; but, if I am not pride of which° determi- South Carolina is as much en gaged i n r : t t i lle opt! Massa chusetts a nation to hold the first building Secession flag in triumph, as is the p r i de Sumter p i t . to engaged in the determination to retake"t Since the night attack upon Fort the present hour the vigour of the attackh as - Nlatbly abated. No one for a moment doubts that i t win hereafter be resumed, but the indications are that, in addition to being s li g htly puzzled as to th e b eet method of attack, the Federals are awaiting a fresh supply of heavy guns. There can be no manner of doubt that the wea r and tear of rifled g uns, fired repeatedly at hi g h elevations, is excessively great. This circumstance, and the consequent value of rifled guns, have occasioned a good deal of regret to be felt in re gar d t o t h e b u rsting, upon its first discharge, of one of the large Blakeley guns . .re cently imported from E ng l an d, and from which great things were expected. A great variety of opinion has been expressed here and in Charleston in reference to the bursting of this gun, but the opinion of Captain Brooke appears to be that a re cess which exists in the bresch of the gun was in !ended bt. Captain Blakcley to act as a gcs chamber, instead of being (as was, I understand, the case) filled w i th gu n powder. It is scarcely credible that a gun of this magnitude and cost should have beul permitted to leave England with out being subjected to such searching tests as would at any r ate have fo r bidd en i ts b urst i n on the first discharge. It i s not necessary that g I eshxoteunhslivdeolymocrierctunu lated etate th a t idl e rumours have n Charleston to the effect that the gun had burst before had been filled up with Put., but abaudthat the cracks is att r y ib u t i ' t is to be h o p e d that the mischance Like in loading the gun, and that be e ottseornlteortimunise will attend its twin brother, Which has not as yet arrived at Charleston. There seems excellent reason still to b e li eve that against iron plating Captain as Brooke's large. rifled gun has n;, superior. --n.y one of these guns has (if I am not mist a k en) been yet employed at Charleston, and, in consequence of a mistake as to its charge, this gun, after a great THE SUN. LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 80, 1863. many very rapid discharges, cracked one of its bands, leaving, however, many of its brethren be hind it at Charleston, which will make th, mselves felt as the siege progresses, and which will be more carefully handled hereafter. Nevertheless, if the siege is to be nothing more nor less than a struggle between scientific engineers the chances are that, give them time enough, and the Federals will win. They have quite as much science as the Confederates and far better and illimitable material. The utmost confidence is felt by the Confederates that if it comes to mere fighting " belly to belly"—the style of fighting which General Longstreet is said always to adopt—they have nothing to fear from their opponents. _ The influence of such a protracted agony as the siege upon the character of the inhabitants and de fenders of the beleaguered city is likely to be strange and worthy of remark. It has been observed that Battery Wagner has exercised a powerful effect in the way of promoting religion among its occupants, who, when relieved (which happened every four or five days), were in the habit of flocking in large numbers to the nearest " camp revival." A friend who has been watching the siege for the last month writes to me, in explanation of this circumstance, in the following terms :—" The sharp cracking report of the Monitor guns is agacant (I know no corre sponding English expression), even when heard at the distance of four miles ; but conceive its effect upon the nerves when it is heard from a distance of only a few hundred yards, and is accompanied by the explosion of a 15-inch shell, containing within it several smaller shells, which come banging and cracking and snapping about your ears, and per haps tearing in pieces a comrade by your side." It must not be forgotten that this h a il o f projec tiles has fre quent l y been maintained day and night for weeks together, keeping the garrison always on the strain, and. promoting an irritable feverishness and nervous susceptibility, which can be more readily conceived than described. In a former letter I mentioned that considerable disappointment had been felt in high quarters here, in regard to the loss by Gen. Beauregard, more than two months ago, of Morris Island. It is nothing less than justice that I should now state the defence, advanced in extenuation of the General by his many friends. It is asserted that Gen. Beauregard would have swept the enemy off Morris Island the day after he landed there if he had had anything like a sufficient force to attempt it. But at the moment he had only 700 men on Morris Island, 1,500 on James Island and in Charleston, and 6JO on Sulli- van's Island. His force had, as is now generally known, been greatly depleted with a view to rein forcing Gen. Johnston—to little purpose, as it subsequently proved. It is by Gen. Beauregard regarded as a signal mercy that the Federals landed on Morris instead of James Island, inasmuch as his force was at the time too small to withstand them on the latter, and inasmuch as (to quote his own words) " Morris Island is not the key to Charles ton." But as matters now stand, with a far larger force of Confederates to defend Charleston than there is of Federals to attack it, and with new sand batteries growing up daily on James Island, there is little reason to fear an attack upon this point. I am assured that the new batteries on James and Sullivan's Islands are entirely of sand, even with• out revetments of wood, which were found to splinter and do mischief at Battery Wagner. The health of the troops is excellent, but they have to be fortified with daily doses of quinine as a sequel to their dress parades. Last year this ceremony was omitted, and there was abundance of intermittent fever, But, in spite of the belief held universally before the war, that it was death to a white man to sleep in summer for a single night upon one of the islands around Charleston harbour, it is found that, given such a prophylactic as quinine, there are few healthier or more agreeable marine residences than the islands in question. SEPT. 21. I turn with reluctance to the consideration of the momentous drama which is being enacted in the neighbourhood of Chattanooga, and concerning which, notwithstanding the facilities which have always been extended to me, any information to be gained in Richmond in so insufficient and inexact that I have resolved to repair to-morrow to the scene of action, and to judge with my own eyes. It is impossible to deny that the Western campaign of this autumn opened unpromisingly for the Con federates. In the first place the bloodless sur render by General Frazier and 2,000 Confederates of their post at Cumberland's Gap—an eagle's nest, which a handful of men could have held against the world—is regarded here as so inexplicable that 1 hesitate to clothe in language the surmises which are indulged in at Gen. Frazier's cost, and must await fuller information before any judgment is formed. Secondly, just at the moment when entire confidence was felt that nothing could drive Gen. Bragg from his impregnable position at Chatta nooga, Richmond was electrified by the tidings that Gen. Bragg had withdrawn and allowed Gen. Rosen cranz to slip into his nest. Thirdly, surprise and dis appointment have been felt that Knoxville and the larger portion of the Virginia and Tennessee Rail road have been ceded with so little resistance, and that more use has not been made of a country abounding in strong and defensible position, and difficult beyond description of access. But having stated these prelimi nar i es , an d ad minted their disadvantageous aspect, I must record that unquestionably the finest army numerically in the Confederacy is that which is now commanded by General Bragg, and that there are brigades and divisions now serving under him which are not surpassed by the division of General Hood or by any other section of General Lee's army. I may also now be permitted to state that a muster roll which previously presented a very formidable aggre gate has recently been swelled by the subtraction from Generel Lee's army of the fine corps of Gene ral Longstreet, who went last week to the West, and has carried the enthusiasm and vigour which his presence always awakens to inspirit the counsels of a General who has unquestionably lost much of the confidence which was last autumn reposed in him. But I should not omit to mention that, for midable as is the army of General Bragg, swollen by the addition of General Longstreet's corps, and animated by the presence of General Longstreet himself, there is abundant reason to think that they are confronting by far the most formid able General whom the war has yet thrown to the surface upon the Federal side. It is my impression that full justice has not been done either in England or in the Confederate States to the ability of Gen. Rosencranz. Although it may, per haps, be true that the Western men who obey Gene rals Rosencranz and Grant are finer material than t he sweepings of New York and Philadelphia, of w hich so large a portion of the eastern Federal armies has been composed, it is impossible to be blind their the fact that Gen. Bragg has led into the field The slight and indecisive superiority over 013Panents has been ro,,, if patient and which, during the last 12 months, mo m boa : t : 4 T h e best troops which the Confederacy can in my opinion, manifested by Gen. Rosencranz's army is, ' pertinacious set down to the credit of that the bloody battle of 4 cl presence o f reind t telous commander himself. The firmness with which, after prntected a rfr . eesborough, he massed his and shrinking before the fire artillery and troops, demoralised by ridge's Kentuckians, indicate fir e and elan of Breckin abilis Bra indomitable firmness qualities of a general. T e his . the very highest in retaining possession of the bitted the retreat to which next day driven. Again, the which he displayed this summer ground mast must be attri although tai ti g i n r e g a his 1 was the in :lard resource 'tion in front of Geri. Brag g , post ion by the loss of reinforcements which h e '- sent to Grant, and in spite of the falli o r, . 6 water of th e Tennessee River, falsified the anticipations of th e wisest heads in the Confederate States, and are de serving of the highest commendation. There Lever has been a moment when the widely-spread rear o f Gen. Rosencranz's armies' has not been far more vigilantly guarded and less accessible to attack than that of the Federal armies in Virginia. It is be lieved that the attack upon Vicksburg along the vulnerable heel of the Big Black River was directed by the acuteness of none other than Gen. Rosen cranz. Lastly, the dexterity with which he has manoeuvred and elbowed Generals Bregg and Buck ner out of Cbattanooga and Kno.tville without losing a life, the skill with which he has carried his armies across such a stream as the Tennessee River, and in such a country, and has all t h e t i me kept his rear open, have combined to inspire in the minds of all those who look sagaciously on a degree of respect for General Rosencranz which has during this war been elicited by no other man except General Lee. It will then be believed that, great as has been the confidence reposed in the numbers and morale of General Bragg's army, there has been no inconsi derable relief experienced here by the arrival this day of the following telegram : " Chicamaugs. River, Sept. 20. "After two days' hard fighting we have driven the enemy, after a desperate resistance, from several strong positions, and now hold the field ; but he still confronts us. The losses are heavy on both sides, especially so in our ' officers. We have taken over 20 pieces of artillery, and some 2,500 prisoners. " BRA.XTON BRAGG." Into speculations and surmises about this battle, in view of the fact that I hope to collect accurate details in regard to it upon the spot where it was fought, I shall not now attempt to enter. But although thus far, the engagement in question can ❑ot but rank with other indecisive Eylaus and As puns which have been fought in the West, it is evident that Gen. Bragg's army is fully able to hold its own, and it is questionable whether the Federals can afford to fight only a second Murfreesborongh. There is excellent reason to think that the actions of the 19th and 20th were fought before all Gen. Longstreet's troops could have joined Gen. Bragg, in confirmation of which belief I may men tion that I am about to travel to the West to-morrow, in company with several of Gen. Longstreet's staff. But, in the eyes of all thought full observers, it is becoming more and more appa rent that, so far as concerns soldiers in the field the two sections are fighting more on a numericalequa lity than at any previous stage of the war. It is at such a moment as this that, if rumour speak true, it has seemed good to the war junta In Washington to dismiss a large portion of General Grant's victo rious army into the wilds of Texas, there to combat two antagonists more inexorable than the Confede rates—climate and distance. It is difficult to resist the inference that such a step is timed with a view not so much of etrategy against the Confederates as of future menace against France and Mexico. It so, there is good reason to think that, blind to all the previous warnings of the struggle, the Fe derals are again committing at the end of the third year of war the same mistake which they committed at its commencement, and are despis ing the enemy with whom they are actually en gaged. It will require some more level battle in the West, and some more engagements in Virginia —and such an engagement is at this moment menacing General Lee, under circumstances far more favourable to him than those under which the Batttle of Chancellorsville was fought—to convince the Federals that they are as far from the attain ment of their purpose as they were in April, 1861, and that they may indefinitely increase the volume of the vast ocean of blood which has already been spilt without advancing the question which has been so long and bloodily debated one step nearer to its solution. SEPT. 22. The preparations which are necessary for a trip to Central Africa are scarcely more elaborate than those which precede such an excursion as I am about to undertake to East Tennessee. It was my belief yesterday that, after much labour, they were happily concluded, and that I should be enabled to start this morning ; but yesterday evening my horse, left standing for a moment in the street, was stolen, and my departure is delayed until fresh ar rangements can be made. The incident is only worthy of mention as indicating the snares and dif ficulties through which the Confederate States are passing es they slowly win their way to indepen • dense. Horse thieves, burglars, and occasionally garotters, swarm in the streets of Richmond. The very atmosphere is corrupted by the presence of the hosts of money-grabbing Hebrews and blockade runners, who reek nothing of Federal or Confede rate rights, and are the great debasers of Confede rate currency and the elevators of gold. It requires the heart of a nation and its leaders to be eminently sound to withstand the pernicious influence of such a hunger and thirst after money as at present per vades. not only Yankeedom but also so large a por tion of this community. Bat much as the mania for speculation is to be regretted, it has not as yet eaten up pubic virtue in the Confederacy. A stranger to the streets of It chtnend would this morning be astonished could he perceiv e the deep•seated heartiness and earnest ness of the joy with which the fast-coming telegrams from General Bragg's army, each bringing greater assurances of victory, are read and commented on by the throngs of passers-by. The public heart was far from:being satisfied with the telegram which I mentioned in my letter of yesterday, but it requires nothing to be added to the telegram of to-day, which is in these words "Ten miles south of Chattanooga, Sept. 21. "The enemy retreated on Chattanooga last night, leaving his dead and wounded in our hands. His loss is very large in men, artillery, small arms, and colours. Ours is heavy but not yet ascertained. The victory is complete, and our cavalry is pursuing. With the blessing of God our troops have accomplished great results against largely superior numbers. We have to mourn the loss of many gallant naenand officers. Brigadier- Generals Preston- Smi th, Helm, and Deshler are killed; Major-General Hood and Brigadier- Generals Adams, Gregg, and Brown wounded. BRA.XTO.N BRAG e." Other telegrams have followed, indicating an amount of demoralishtion in the Federal forces which make it doubtful whether Gen. Rosencranz can hold his own at Chattanooga; and if he is driven from Chat tanooga, who can say how far he may not be forced back ? Already there is a confident conviction in this city that the strong aggressive attitude which the forces of Gen. Meade have lately worn in Virginia will suffer immediate abatement and diminution. Nothing has been more marked throughout this war that the sympathy on both sides between the armies fighting in the East and West, The policy of the Federals at this moment should evidently be ag gressive. I may be mistaken, but the indica tions are that upon this attitude of aggression they will not, after the battle of Chattanooga, ven ture to embark. It will be my endeavour to put your readers hereafter in possession of fuller parti culars in regard to the great Western campaign of this autumn, which would otherwise be little likely ever to come to their knowledge. But it is not prema ture to say that there is a widespread apprehension here that the victories of the 19th and 20th have, among many other valuable lives, deprived the Con federacy of one General whose place it will be almost as hard to fill as the place of Stonewall Jackson. It will be remembered that at Gettys burg the services of General Hood were at an early period lost to General Lee. General Hood suffered greatly from a painful wound which broke both bone 4 of his left arm, and I was shocked re cently to observe how much he had been reduced by his wound. But when the order to his division to go to the West arrived, nothing could withstand his impatience to accompany them, and with wound only half healed, and against the advice of his friends, he hurried out in company with General Longstreet. Tidings have been received that in the battle of Chattanooga one of his legs woe carried off by a cannon shot, and it is impossible to hope that iu his weakened condition he can recover from such a wound. There have been men by dozens in the war who have on both sides attracted more of the public attention, but it is certain that no braver, no more modest, no more faithful and self-sacrificin g soldier than General Hood. -- ----- Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Horniman's pure Tea; very choice at 3s. 4d. and 4s. "High Standard" at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every town supply it in packets. thteC sPtOUCII [AiivEßTlsEmENT.]—Holloway's Pills. ---Management of Health,_ The complex composition and delicacy of the o f re functions of the human body are ever tending to produce disease, unless the blood be maintained in a pure state. of regulating9(flesirable object can be accomplished by a j . the i p h o e w s e e r p a i l l s l o s mach, liver, pills, act as alteratives t w a h nd ich bo h w av el e s : come flatulence, losonics, and gentle aperients; they over and many other inBcoonf appetite, biliousness, constipation, neglected for fear of Worse which should never be pass all other medicines for reirlts. Holloway's pills sur burn, head ache, nervousnesa eviating Indigestion, heart tract so largely from the ha m , es Bs . and low sp ds s, which de p never tried these pills. a of thousan who have ing about 4 dols. per foot front, parts of some of the largest of these claims having again been resold by the purchasers for as much in some instances as they originally paid for the whole. Messrs. Hagens and Co. at first worked with pans and cradles, but now they aro operating exclusively wish the sluice I have referred to. A few days previous to my visit to the mine Dr. Reed, of Quebec, had purchased the Viellieux and Grondin lots for, I was informed, 300 dols. each, and had placed men to work on one-third shares ; these had been notified to desist by Messrs. Hagens and Co., and such notice being di: regarded, the latter had sued out process against them. Matters were in this state when I left the mine. Though many, it was said, had been disap pointed, I think that for the most part the workings have proved remunerative, for I did not see or hear myself while I was there of any instance of dissatisfaction or dis appointment. The returns, of course, as in all such cases, vary very much, giving in some instances not much over 2 dols. per day per man, and in others above 6 dols. on the whole claim, which takes usually from a week to a fortnight to exhaust, according to the number of the men employed. I will give a few instances :—Eight men, 15 days each, 40 dole.; total, 320 dols., or 2 dole. 66 cents. per man per diem; four men, 15 days each, 100 dols,; total, 400 dole., or 6 dols. 66 cents. per man per diem. On one of the occasions upon which I visited the mine ten men had got out of one pit nearly 200 dole. on that day alone, while on another claim three men had taken out 7 dols. 50 cents. the previous afternoon, and 1 dol. 50 cents. out of two pansful washed in the cradle the following morn ing. It is somewhat difficult to ascertain, with any degree of certainty, during such a short visit as I made, the quan tity of gold which has been extracted from this river since May. The Poulins and Rodrigue have met with the greatest success, both by being the first in the field, and by having the good fortune to select a rich location. One of the Poulins admitted to me that the share of each of the four had already exceeded 1,000 dole., and I am inclined to think this amount an under estimate, for I heard that they had owned to a larger sum, and I can see no reason why they should seek to exaggerate. I myself saw at Rod rigue's house, on my second visit to the mine, upon my return from the junction of the Du Loup and Chaudiere, a largo saucer nearly full of pure gold of the weight of about 51b., representing, at 18 dole. per ounce, which is the selling price at the mine, 1,080 dels. This, Rodrigue told me, was two-thirds of the gold which he and the Poulins had got out of the claim they had bought from Hagens and Co. since their purchase. In this saucer was a piece of about 5± oz. worth nearly 100 dols., which had been found about two weeks previous. Among other incidents I noticed a woman who was working- a claim with her husband; this woman some time before had found a nugget worth from 80 dole, to 90 dols. As I have stated, it is very difficult for me to form an accurate estimate of the amount altogether taken out of the river since the spring, but, assuming that an aver age of 100 men have been employed per day for thelast three months, and that the gains of each have only reached 2 dole., the total result would give 18,000 dole, as the whole gross produce of the diggings to this day ; but I think that, while the total number of days' labour may be less than the above, toe average yield has been over the proportion I have stated in such a ratio as to give the same result, from which I conclude that a quantity at least equal to 18,000 dole, has been extracted so far. At the same time, it is possible— nay, probable—that much more has been taken out. the Poulins and ttodrigua average above 10 dole, a day each, but theirs is an exceptional case; others, however, have collected as much es they, but during a nr,re limited period. It is as difficult to foretell how long these diggings may continue to give such rich returns as it is to say the exact quantity of gold yielded up till now; but this I may aver, that so far the supply does not seem to have fallen off. Mr. Purceval, who has mined in California, told me that the indications were exact y similar to those of one of the mines he worked at there. Besides Mr. Pur ceval, I met with others who had been in California, and gave the same opinion. I also saw and conversed with several miners from Nova Scotia, but theirs are mostly quartz mines. During my visit to the mine I could not help being struck with the unsystematic and altogether unsatisfactory manner of the works at present going on there. The pits are being sunk in every conceivable posi- tion, without regard to order or convenience. Instead of arrangements being made by which those fronting on the river could make use of the water in concert with those who have obtained claims in rear, or the claims being made narrower on the river and longer, so as to give the same superficies by which a water frontage would be secured to each, the miners working in rear of those who have secured claims in front of their holdings have to carry their gravel and stone some distance further down to the stream in pans or boxes. This may be owing in part to the unsatis factory tenure of the holdings, each one being only anxious to secure as much as he possibly can before the season is brought to a close. The necessity of some well devised licensed scheme is thus made most apparent. I also think that sufficient care is not taken by the miners, and that some of the gold is lost. This they will learn by experience, as well as the introduction of those appliances which have been made so usefully available in California, and which, during high water especially, could no doubt be turned to good account with advantage here. I left the mine at about 6 in the evening and proceeded a short distance towards the mouth of the river, where I visited another working about 40 arpents up the strcam,where seven Americans have been at work for a few days on a lot belong ing to the Gilbert before mentioned, being, I believe, No. 70 in the first range. They have dug a trench about Oft. deep and lOtt, long at the side of the river, a little below where Dr. Dougles mined some few years ego ; but, as they had left their work for the day, I could not ascertain the result of their operations. I heard, however, from Gilbert that they had not as yet obtained much gold. I then proceeded off to the junction of the Du Loup and Chaudiere, where I passed the evening. The next morning I visited the location of the Du Loup, where it unites with the Chaudiere, and in the Fief St. Charles, seigniory of Aubin de l'lsle, which was worked for some years by Mr. James Logan and others, under the licence promised by the Government to Mr. Oatey in 1551, The licensees, having got into difficulties with the owners of the lot (one Craig), gave up operations, which were after wards resumed by a company from Napanee, who worked for three years, and finally also abandoned it, the land pur chased by them from Craig having been sold at the suit of the latter by the Sheriff for non-payment of the balance of the purchase price, and bought in by Mr. Child., notary, of Quebec, in Craig's interest. The location is now unworked. 't he parties acting under Oatey's licence furnished returns to the department, and covered, I understand, their expenses. the Napanee Company proceeded without authority from the Crown, and never furnished any returns; they sunk a shaft on the bank of the river, and as far as I could learn, were not very successful. I did not see or hear of any fur ther mining operations having been undertaken beyond this point. :The St. Lawrence Mining Company, incorpo rated by act of Parliament, own land, it is said, for mining purposes in the township of Jersey on the rivers Du Loup, Metgermette, and Portage, but have not yet worked any mines thereon. I next visited the falls on the Chaudiere, two or three miles above the junction, and in the townships of Jersey and Shanley, but as no mining operations were going on beyond, I here retraced my steps homeward. On my return I passed the Famine, which was worked for some time by Dr. Douglas, under the De Lery patent, and in the afternoon again visited the mine on the upper part of the Gilbert, and left the following day on my way to Quebec. At one of the Poulin's I saw nine pieces of gold found in the Chaudiere. the Plantes, the Gilbert, and the Famine. These pieces varied f rom a coup l e o f d w t s. t o if oz . eac h. I noticed that that got from the Chaudiere was of a much lighter colour than that of the Gilbert, containing most likely a larger quantity of silver alloy. I learnt that previous to this year Dr. Denies had worked on the Plantes, the Gilbert, and the Famine, and that in one season he had obtained a considerable sum out of the Plantes. The gold found in this last mentioned river is smaller than that of the Gilbert, the largest piece got out of it hav ing been of the value of 30 dols, but it has not been worked very far up. The Mr. Brock before mentioned also worked with others at the Chaudiere last year, under a lease from Dr. Douglas. A vein of quartz crosses across theChaudiere,at the Devil's Rapids, in St. Frangois, a little below the Gilbert, and is seed on the hill on the main road. I also saw quartz crop ping out in several places. Some of the qaartz, lam told, has been tested, and contains gold. No quartz mining operations have yet been undertaken anywhere, sufficient indications not having presented them selves, and the mining has so far been confined exclusively to alluvial diggings ; but explorers, of whom I met more than one, are now out in numbers, and the existence or not of gold in the quartz state, in eau, in sufficient quantities to pay for working, will now, no doubt, soon be established. All the mining operations have also so far taken place in the seigniories, nothing having been done, as far as I could learn, on the Crown lands. The country through which I travelled along the banks of the Chandlers consists of rich alluvial flats, gradually rising from the river to a distance in some places of as much as 30 to 40 arpents, with hills and plateau of cultivated land in rear, well and continuously settled as far as I went to tha forks of the Du Loup and Chaudiere. The lots on the De Lery range of lligaud Vandreuil, where the mining on the 1 Gibert is going on, being the third from the river, are un improved, but the first two ranges are all cleared and culti vated. I cannot conclude this report without bearing testimony to the quiet and good order existing at the Gilbert mine. The mines consist principally of French Canadian habitans from the .:`-djoining parishes, with a few persons from Quebec and elsewhere, and at neither of my visits did I hear a worn spoken in a:Tr'. I have the h onour to jyc, Sir, your obedient s ervant, F. T. JUDA.,CIerk Crown Domains , &c. The Hon. W. M'Dougall, t,: , rnmissioner of Cro wn Lands, &c.. Quebb..l. Major Bray- The funeral of the late Staff-Surg. -rerday at brooke, Military Train, took place yep- was Woolwich, with full military honours, anta, , attended in procession by about 500 officers ant. men consisting of detachments of various corps, and the officers commanding brigades and division. Dr. Braybrooke died suddenly at his family residenc , in Mill-lane. GOLD IN CANADA. The following official correspondence has been published at Quebec: Department of Crown Lands, Quebec, Sept. 12, 1863. Sir,—ln consequence of the extensive discoveries of gold, which is alleged are now being made on the Chaudiere and its tributaries, and the frequent applications to this department for licences, &c., I am desirous of ascertaining officially the truth of these reports, and also the circum stances under which these applications are being made, with a view to the adoption of such now regulations as the interests of the Crown and the development of the mineral resources of that ;region may seem to require. You will, mining districts and report to me Yo of gold, and the po s iti on, your attention will be given e thesp: therefore,caicatlulya actual o i s s t i ra t etp t e h o r e otei g da o fflda indications isr. nature, and extent of the mining operations now going on, whether in the seigniories or on the lands of the Crown. I remain, &c., Wet, MeecnouGam a Commis sioner of Crown Lands. F. T. Judah, Esq., Clerk of Crown Domain, &c., Quebec. Department of Crown Lands, Jesuits' Estates and Crown Demain Branch, Quebec, Sept. 26, 1863. Sir,-- I have the honour to state that, in conformity with your instructions of the 12th inst., to visit and report on the Chaudiere gold mining district, I left this city on the 14th, on my way to the locality, and reached the village of St. Joseph, on the banks of the Chaudiere, and in the seig niory of St. Joseph, on the evening of that day. On the following morning I proceeded to the adjacent parish of Francois, calling on the road at the residences of two of the brothers Poulin, to whom I shall hereafter refer, and passing the River des Piantes, which falls into the Chaudiere from the east, arrived about noon at the river called Touffe des Pins, or Gilb ert, in the same parish of St. Ropigaud Vaudreuill, where I under stooderations were going on. ri fi yn risont ig called Touff e d es Pi ns f rom the loca- Fr T an h c ist o h i l s sl at s g e rio ig ivd n i i rm o , loca lity where it reaches the Chaudiere, has been re-named Gilbert, after the person whose daughter first found gold therein some 30 years ago. The old man Gilbert, now some 60 or 70 years of age, still lives near the mouth of the river and I learned from his own lips a recital of the story :—lt appears that the daughter, in leading a horse to water one morning, found lying in the stream what she supposed to be a yellow pebble of about the size of a pigeon's egg; her father, anxious to learn what it was, gave it to some one coming to Quebec, and the jewellers here pronounced it to be gold. Old Gilbert parted with it for 40 dole., a sum appa. rently much below its value. Encouraged by the discovery, he made searches, and on several occasions found more gold, but not any considerable amount. The seigniors of the seign iory, the Dr. Lery family, in consequence of these discove ries, and the indications which presented themselves, applied for and obtained from Government, per letters patent of Sept. 18, 1846, an exclusive mining privilege for the precious metals for ever within the limits of the seigniory in question, subject to certain conditions, and among others, the payment of a Royalty of 10 per cent on the gross produce,which con ditions it appears have never been complied with. It does not seem that the seigniors ever carried on any considerable operations themselves, and in 18.51, they leased, subject to a per centage, their rights over the whole seigniory to Dr. James Douglas and others of Quebec. Dr. Douglas eventu ally because solely interested in this lease, and under it mining operations were carried on by him and others under sub-leases, at different times and at more than one place, as I will hereafter show, Dr. Douglas's lease expires Sept. 1, 1864, and was transferred in consideration of the sum of 3,000 dols., about the middle of July last, to a company com posed of Messrs. Hans, Hagens, and others, also of this city, who are now mining on the Gilbert, as hereafter mentioned. These last named parties have likewise leased from the seigniors a further similar lease of 15 years, for which they have agreed to pay 8,000 dols., 2,000 dols. of which have been given in cash. Both of these leases are made expressly without any guarantee on either part. The present opera• tions on the Gilbert were brought about in the following manner : —lt appears that one of the three brothers of the name of Poulin, who have been for some years past engaged in mining for themselves and others, with more or less suc cess, having discovered this mine last fall, imparted the in telligence to the other two brothers, and about the end of May last they commenced operations ; the news having spread others joined them, and there have been from seven or eight to 100 or 150 men engaged ever since. Many left from time to time to attend to their field duties, to be re placed by others. When I visited the mine I should judge that there were not over 100 men engaged altogether. Having proceeded to the mine in question upon the river, in the third range, east of the Chaudiere, called De Lery Concession, and on lots Nos. 19, 20, 21, and 22, belonging respectively to persons of the name of Rodrigues, Loubier, Villieux, Grondin, and Poulin, I found extensive mining operations for gold in progress. The river, which falls into the Chandier about one mile and a half to the south, crosses these lots, each three arpents wide, nearly at right angles. The stream at high water is here about loft. or 20ft. wide, but now, from the dryness of the season, is very inconsider able. On Foulin's lot (22), and Grondin's (21), no works are in progress, and they are in no way occupied by the miners, with the excvt.on of a sluice which crosses part of the firsts, where the river is dammed, and the whole of the latter, and which serves to convey water for the operations carried on by Messrs. Hagens and Co., who are prosecuting works on Villieux's lot (20). Upon this lot the sluice terminates, and it is here that the gravel and stone are washed, and the gold extracted therefrom. The lower part of the sluice (which is altogether about five arpents long, and sauce 18 inches wide, and the same in depth), is fitted up with three false bottoms, each 10ft. long, composed of strips of wood placed length wise with openings between; the gravel and stone being thrown in from trenches dug at the sides of the sluice is washed clean by the water, the fine sand and gravel and the gold sinking in the openings, and the coarser stones being raked out; once a day, in the evening, the bottoms are re moved, and the water being partially turned off, the sand and gravel are carried away, and the gold remains behind, the finest sand is caught in a pan at the foot of the sluice and washed by hand, while care is taken to catch any gold which may escape, by small pieces of wood placed across the flume, which carries off the water at the end of the Sluice. The depth of water in the sluice is about two inches, and the leakage from the dam is trifling. The fall is about 10 feet in five arpents, and about 1 foot in 15 or 20 at the end of the sluice. Messrs. Hagens and Co. have also in operation a long tom, the only one I saw in use there, and which consists of a box or trough, in which the gold is washed by water from the sluice. They arc working on shares, in partnership with two persons of the names of Brock and Purceval, who receive one-half of the proceeds on payment by them of the expenses. On my second visit to the mine t saw, at 6 in the evening, the gold collected at the foot of the sluice for that day, and it amounted to some 12 dols. or 15 dole.; but Mr. Purceval showed me the pro ceeds of the day previous, among which were several large pieces, am , unting• altogether to some 50 dole., and he ad mitted that the average yield had exceeded 30 dole, per day. I am disposed to believe that the average return may be a good deal larger. Five men were employed ; wages 80 cents. per diem, without board, which, it must be ad mitted, is a very moderate rate for gold-diggings. On Lubier'a lot, the north half of 19, nothing at all is now being done ; a few pits have been sunk, in some cases to the depth merely of three or four feet, and in others down to the bed rock; but the whole has been abandoned for the apparently more lucrative workings on the adjoining lands. It is upon Rodrigues' lot, the south half of 19, that the greatest extent of work is going on ; pits have been sunk in every direction in the bed and on the sides of the river, and miners are at work by the dozens in excavating and washing. The exca vating is done by pick and shovel, and the earth and stone is carried in pans or boxes to the edge of the river, where it is washed in the cradles or rockers. From four to ten men are engaged in each pit —one being employed in rocking, one in supplying the water, and the others in digging and carry ing the gravel and stones to the cradle. The rocker or cradle consists of a box about four feet long, 18 inches wide, and one foot high, pieced on rockers, one end being fitted up with a movable box of about six inches deep, fitted on the top of the cradle, the bottom of which box is perforated with small holes, the bottom of the cradle is also fitted up with a couple of small cross 'pieces to catch the fine sand and gold. The stone and gravel being thrown into the box, the cradle, which is slightly r a i se d a t t h e upper en d, is set going, one man constantly supplying water, and the small gravel and gold being detached from the larger stones fall to the bottom, the larger pieces of gold being extracted w;th the hand, and the smaller ones washed out of the sand in a small pan in the stream. No washing is being done with a pan other than that I have stated. The pits (called claims) sunk on Rodrigues' lot, and being dug or worked, when I visited the mine, number some couple of dozen, there being about GO or 75 men engaged hero altogether. To the depth of two or three feet the surface is covered with a vegetable mould or clay (earth), then follows a layer of gravel and sand, and lastly a thickness of two or three feet of surface rock, con sisting of blue slate down to the bed rock, which is found at about ten feet from the surfaco. It is in the gravel and sand, and embedded in the slate, that the gold is found in pieces and nuggets varying from the size of about a quart._ r of a grai n upwar d s, the largest piece yet found being 11 oz. It is only when the washing and cleansing operation is completed that the gold is seen. It fs represented to be 23 carats, but I think this is a mistake, for the finest which has been discovered in the Chandiere sliettict, submitted to test, is 892-1,000, and no doubt the first named propor tion is a mere approximate calculation; the gold is, how -1 ever, beautifully pure and clean and of a deep colour. The indications of the quartz from which it hat been detached is visibl e i n nearly every piece, The alloy is silver. I saw no very fi ne or flour golf!, h or w as any v i s ible with an ordinary magnifying glass. Notwithstanding this, it may still exist,but it must be in infinitesimal particles intermixed with the fine ennd, requiring the aid of quicksilver, of which none is now being made use of at the mine, to collect It. From May till the middle of July some of the miners paid Dr. Douglas, the lessee from the seigniors as before-men tioned, a percentage of their gross returns, that of the Pou• 1 (m l i i oni.nehawnnagi having with, 8,3 1 , t ;g o mo d t ia r onk i ug g en u not e ni ,pn, possession andhs as e leo o s ns w wieo n htn e oo owner (t : hde o: .. pi e_ so o u f i.i tln 83 Messrs. a l r o e t s i aw Hagensh er e atnh partner shipand ....aStle'd lot, car - '' - Nov. principally on Re nt-sing from _ next to others, 150 to 25tt. square, at prices giv "id Claims to o 1 _ under their lease, sublet or SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, TlmEs —On Monday night there steamed into Galway Bay a very large ship, with some goods on board, about 30u steerage passengers, and a select party in the cabin. Under the protection of the Isles of Arran, thirty miles off, and favoured by wind and tide, the ship steamed up to an anchorage on the safe side of a small island, on which stand a lighthouse and a battery, and thence, by means of a steam tender, communicated with the Port of Gal way. No doubt the whole town was roused from sleep to welcome the stranger. Four hundred new passengers, with their boxes and belongings, were carried on board by the indefatigable tender. Last o f all, am id universal excitement, everybody stand ing at his shop door and ready to cheer at the smallest provocation, one of Bianconi's coaches drove down, loaded inside and out with large white sacks of letters. The policemen formed a line on the quays, already barricaded t o k eep o ff t h e s h oe l ess and stockingless natives; the mail sacks were put on board the tender, and thence in a quarter of an hour put on board the Adriatic, which at half past 2 on Tuesday afternoon steamed down the bay on her course across the Atlantic. Besides the 400 steerage passengers and the 23 sacks of letters, she took in at Galway two puncheons of whisky and the latest telegrams. As to the puncheons, no doubt they are very pleasant compagnons de voyage. The latest telegrams we must presume to represent the state of the London markets that morning, and, therefore, one day later than any news carried by a rival steamer from Liverpool in the same longitude. The letters we will say nothing about, for, till the Galway steamers start to the hour, all letters in tended for them will be liable to serious delays in the Galway post-office. We suspect that they were letters that could easily wait a day cr two. It is only on the most favourable supposition that we can conceive it at all worth the while of a steamer start ing from the Mersey, and getting safe into the open sea, to retrace its course off the worst coast in the whole world and steam up a deep bay into the heart of Ireland. As for goods traffic, that was suitably and abundantly represented by the two puncheons of whisky. The famous bay of Galway, like all the bays of that shore, is as beautiful as nature can make it ; but commerce can scarcely be said to have yet furrowed its fair face. Nothing cares to avail itself of the much-boasted protection of the Isles of Arran. There is no part of the neighbouring seas where you could have long range practice with the most fabul ous gene, across the bay, or up or down, with more certainty of doing no mischief. Except a small' boat, or an occasional " hooker" from the opposite shore, there is not a sail to be seen. Half the town is tu ruins; pity compels us to be silent as to the prospects of the monster Railway Hotel. The place, of course, is fall of institutions, as all Irish towns are : indeed, it threatens to be all institutions, and nothing else. Workhouses, barracks, police station, court-house, churches and chapels, monas teries and convents of a dozen different orders, the Queen's College, the model farm, a dozen schoo's, the splendid group of the station and hotel, the club-house, and twenty other public buildings,which it is impossible to recall, constitute the head of a community, the body of which consists of a thou sand fishermen's huts and some suburbs of thatched or uni hatched hovels. There is nothing to sell but fi.h, and the free Parliament of Claddagh steadily resist not only trawling, but every plan whatever for joining the deep-sea fishery to the miserably pre carious produce of the bay. What they do with the fish we know not, but we doubt whether they send it to Englana ; they don't send it to America. In all this we de not see even the beginning of trade. Most of these institutions prey on the resources of a country and do little to develope them. Wherker the " religious" are consistent or not in their own renunciation of the world, they are very apt to pre vent others from making the best of it. But putting out of the question that desolate waste of waters, that strange old mediaeval city, its still stranger suburbs, the twenty-three sacks of letters, the twenty-eight cabin passengers, the latest telegrams, and the two puncheons of whisky, out and out, be yond all comparison, the most important article in that departure from Galway Bay were the seven hundred steerage passengers. They were robust, healthy, young people ; very few of them married ; what people used to call the "sinew and bone" of a country. Though "A Magistrate," in his statistics, set down to the national loss the few pounds in the pockets of these poor people, we are inclined to sus pect that most of them have been enabled to emi grate by remittances from their relations in America, and that every one of them will assist others in like fashion. There never was a feeling so universal, so deep seated, so prevailing over considerations usually supposed to be all powerful, as that which has turned the face of every Irish man, woman, and child towards America. There is not one who will not go if he can. They ale only waiting on fortune, or their turn in " the list" of some now American relative, be it first, fifth, tenth, or twen tieth in that list. This is a fact which overrides every other Irish question. The current, in every town and village, every street, every family, every breast, has set in, and it is beyond the power of Governments, of laws, of priests, or politicians to do more than just lash and disturb the great tide of emigration. The Federal Government will have them and must have them. It will offer any terms, even greater than those it now offers; but men it must have, whether directly for the war, or for the gap it leaves in all branches of labour. But there is scarcely a cottage in the West of Ireland where the promise of the family, the elder sons and daughters—their voices and their features still fresh in memory as young and old gather round the turf fire—are not in some far Western State, sending home their heart*? best wishes for the re union of the circle. The passage to the New World, once so formidable, has long been divested of any speculative quality or imaginative hue. It is not more than a voyage to Liverpool or London Indeed, Ireland is much more American, and America much more Irish, than English people are apt to conceive. The great majority of the white populat;ou of the U:iited States are of Irish descent. It is the Irish element which has long governed the politics of the Union. So like 1, , now flowing to like, and kin to kin, with an irresistible affinity. While writers at home ate angrily debating what is to be done with the Irish, they are fast settling the question for them selves by a universal departure. But this throws a new and singular light on the Atlantic Royal Mail Company. If the British Govern ment said to the Irish,—" We are sick of you ; we can do nothing with You : we would rather have Ireland without you; so the Great Eastern and a few other big ships will call once a week at Galway, or Queenstown, and take 5,000 of you at a time to New York," the proceeding would he thought most startling and equivocal. The Confederates would have some thing to say to it; so too would Irish land lords and English taxpayers; so too would the priests ; so too would even our economists and philanthropists. We know of no party that would have a right to be satisfied, except a very few Irish proprietors, who are perfectly sure that the land is good for nothing but breeding horses and grazing small cattle. In the end we suspect that every British interest would be injured by such a cour se , were it possible or conceivable. But, in matter of fact, this is just what we are doing. On a ridiculous pretence of a few bags of letters and the latest tele grams, both of which will be always anticip a t e d, we are subsidizing a big ship to put into Galway, and carry off, every time, in effect to a foreign country, the better part of a thousand young and healthy British subjects, never to see Ireland again. In the scale of war th e li v i ng f re i g ht o f th e Adri atic is worth far more than the ships lately seized in the Mersey. Even that, how e ver, i s a t r ifling con sideration compared to the incalculable results to this country,—to England, to Ireland itself, to the whole Empire, to its domestic operations and its foreign policy. There are those who rejoice in this exodus. We wish it God-speed 1 but on all the principles of social and political philosophy it must be considered a misfortune. Grant that it cannot be helped; grant that it averts or postpones some immediate annoyances; grant that, as we really don't know what to do with the people,they are wel come to take care of themselves and dispose of themselves in what way they please; but that is only the case of an unmanageable son, which is a misfortune, even when the cause of our grief re lieves us from further anxieties. Who will not reproach himself when this is the conclusion of a long embarrassment ? "We have not been able to manage this child of ours. It is betaking itself to America. Well, we shall have less trouble for the future." If we could grow old and apathetic , we should, in a dull way, be all the more comfortable for it; but not if we retain our youthful sympathies. POST.—The Turkish bud ge t, w h e n rightly un derstood, presents in almost all respects a hi g hly satisfactory financial statement. Unfortunately. s ome very important erro rs h a ve crept into.the tele graphic version of the fi g ur e s which have jutUl published at Constantinople. T o 'Thus the st been esti mated revenue for 1863 64 stated at t 3,000,000 purses, while that f or t h e year 1862- 63 is stated at 3,300,000 purses. I n thi s manner t he re appears to be, on the face of the stator ent,.a decrease of . re venue in the es ti mate of the com i ng year., b y about 10 per cent. Thi s i s simple' a n aritemetieal error; tor those who will take the. tro uble to add up f or themselves a ll the figures of revenue in detail, for each of the two years , will just the that the diffe reties in relative amount is i other w a y . An ^curate addition ct the two rows of figures evinces -he estimated revenue fo r 1863-64 is greater reven ue for 1862 63 by not le ss t h an This makes a diffr_renee of as much `he relation of the estimated re- that than the 400,000 purses. as 700,000 purses in p, venue as between one year and another; and it is fact of no small consequence to Turnish finance, a a verification of this correction of the telegram bya reference to our impression of last Tuesday will evince. The estimated revenue of Turkey is fully £14,000,000 for the financial year on which we have just entered, while the public income on the ac cession of the present Sultan was not more than £11,000,000. Proportionately considered, this is a more rapid increase than that of any other European revenue; and it represents the prec' tical result of a course of financial reforms which were often deemed rather imaginary than real by those who were apt to cling too implicitly to the miserable traditions of the late reign. But this increase in the revenue, as it stanas in its pre sent figures, is far from being the only one. Hitherto the taxes have been collected in paper money, namely, in the caimes, which are now ex tinguished, and were at all times more or less de preciated. For the present financial year, however, the calculation is made in metallics. We are hardly able to strike an average of the depreciation of the paper money during the last few years. But that average, if ascertained, could hardly be found to have been less than 20 per cent., and the premium upon gold was often very much higher. But, now that the paper money has been extinguished, all taxes are paid iu metallies, and the revenue hence forth will therefore represent its real and interna tional value, whereas the revenue of previous years, being more or less collected in paper, appeared greater than it really was. The interest on the pub lic debt forms a prominent item in the schedule of expenditure. Ostensibly there is a great increase of charge on this account for 1863-64 as compared with 1862-63 ; and in fact there is a slight increase in the actual debt. But it must be remembered that much of the increase in the foreign debt has been obtained by the consolidation of anomalous internal loans, as well as through the expenditure required for the suppression of the paper money. Thus the foreign loans of 1862 and 1863 have been contracted, not to satisfy current expenditure, but in part to withdraw and cancel the paper money, and in part to pay off local loans contracted of different Galata capitalists under the reign of the late Sultan, at higher rates of interest. Some of the consoli dated internal debt has also been created for the same purpose—the requisite amount having been obtained from the market at Constantinople as well as from the markets at London and Paris, In point of fact, therefore, the real debt of Turkey has very slightly increased during the present reign, the essential difference being that the debts of oil kinds have been brought forward, avowed, and consolidated. The total charge of the whole debt, foreign and domestic, is now 800,000 purses; or eboat £3,600,600 of our money, inclusive of the sinking funds provided for the redemption both of the foreign debt and of the Consolides. This is a proportion of about 25 per cent. upon the whole revenue, whereas the proportion of the British revenue that is paid away for interest on its national debt, without say provision for the ultimate redemption is about 40 per cent. The current expenditure has at the same time been dimi nished in several of the departments in which it had been alleged that the predilections of the pre sent Sovereign were extravagant. Thus the navY is to cost for the present financial year only 210,050 purses as compared with 245,000 purses in 1862-63.. The army is further reduced. It cost the treasury during the last year 939,000 purses, and during the present it is restricted to an outlay of 827,000. The Ministry of Finance, at the same time, is reduced from 153,000 to 120,000 purses. These figures are marked by very great moderation. The army will cost no more than the annual charge upon the debt, or about £3,600,000. For a Sovereign who rules thirty millions of subjects, this is, in our j u d gme nt, an estimate marked by extraordinary moderation ; nor is it intended to expend so much as £1,000,000 on the navy. It is hard to say, therefore, from whence certain prevalent notions of the present Sultan's disposition to military extravagance could have had their origin. Looking merely to the credit of the Turkish empire, it is surely better that it should possess fair means of defence, whatever be the improbability of its being again attacked, than that it should again invite attack by its defenceless ness. The table of receipts evinces the gradual progress of the new system of collection, and of the new tariff. The former is necessarily of slow deve lopment. When the present Sultan came to the throne nearly all the taxes were farmed out. This Asiatic mode of proceeding involved a great loss to the State. But to replace it by a general system of collection presupposed the presence of a local orga nisation throughout the empire. Of course this great staff could not immediately be had. Conse quently it was needful to apply the new mode of collection—province by province, and district by district—as the organisation could he obtained. When it is complete, it is probable that a large fur ther augmentation of revenue will be experienced. Nor is it without reason to anticipate that the new tariff will soon promote the commerce of the coun try sufficiently to do more than cause the small re duction that at present involves in the customs revenue. Before many days we shall probably have this budget Before us without any of the inevitable inaccuracies of the telegraph ; and we shall then perhaps be still better able to judge how it augurs for the future of Turkey. COUNTRY MARKETS. BIRMINGHAM-THURSDAY. Wheat was in fair supply to-day, and sold slowly, last week's rates being about maintained. In foreign wheat ra ther more doing. Barley, oats, beans, and peas as of late. English wheat was sold at 44s to 48s tor white, and 408 to 44s per 36 stone for red. Barley, new malting, 368 to 428 per qr ; grinding, 26s to 30s Oats, old, 24s to 30s per 30 stone; Irish, 21s t 0 4259. Beans, 40s to 44 s per q r. Peas ; 36s to 44s per 36 stone. MANCHESTER—THURSDAY. At our market this morning the demand for wheat was moderate. English now dry samples held for the prices of of this day se'neight. Oats and oatmeal firm. Flour was dull. Beans 6d higher. BRISTOL-TIEURSDAY. We had a good supply of wheat to-day, and last last Thursday's prices were supported. Barley in good de mand. Other articles unchanged. EDINBURGH GRAIN-OCT. 23. A large supply of farmers' wheat to-day, which met s dull sale at about the prices of last week. Barley met slow sale, and prices is per qr down. Beans were slow of sale. Oats dull. Wheat on the top 2s Od up. average Os 9d up. Barley on the top is Gd down........average Os ld down• Oats on the top 2s Od down ....average Os 4d down• Beans on the top 9s 3d down average Os 3d dowu• Total Supply and Sales. Wheat ... 924 qrs Sold 585 qrs 8ar1ey........2029 qrs Sold 1553 qrs Oats Beans 45 qrs Sold 25 qrs Flour sells as follows :—Whites, 38s Od ; extras, 36s Od ; superfine,.34s Od; fine, 32s Od. DERBY SMITHFIELD—Ocr. 27. Beet ..... 6d to 7d Veal 7d to 70 Mutton .. Lamb Hides, 3d to 41d; calf skins, 5d to 6d. THE REV. DR. GUTHRIE.—The health of this celebrated Scotch minister is said to be so seriously affected that his medical advisers have ordered perfect repose, and his friends fear that the activity of his public life must be regarded as at a close. NEW YACHT FOR TILE SULTAN.—The 110 W yacht Taliah, built by Samuda Brothers; d n as tried on the highest sup plied with engines by John Penn and Son . , of 17i -s kn tc o t of :miler tonnage Wednesday last, when the very great or 201 statute miles an hour was JaadesPebeeing velocity yet attained with any vessel lating engines of 350 horse powe r ' and power. The vessel is of 912 tons burden, and has oscil- Births. at Heathfield, Freshwater, I Commander J. Pr le . : i o fe n of th l3 e ich 2B 9 :th d B s s NeEf Wight,—O the th e 2 , 8 v i t f h e in h 4 t l er ,.7sen .. or-p . :acet the 2 p l .. sotia i ,a n r ? d, tx uagt at Holly Lod ge , Han -of.aßsusonhnell, R.N., of a bon. HARINGTort.- 011 Nl'Mahon, Bart., C.D., Colonel Sir Thomas to m 7 m e A ll, u t o la N e ' 11:o B ro:l2'h Wlts the o th f e a w so if u e . of MA:iiper c.7pOtaninthmea2l27_dth_ersin, Marriages. „ c mAN—LEsLIE.—On the 27th inst., at E linburght John Ritchie Findlay, EEq., of the Scotsman, to Susan) third daughter of James Leslie, Esq., C.E. MARTIN—TIIACXER.—On the 26th inst., at St. Jatoes't pentonvide, _Robert Martin, of Great Grimsby, to Ann ie Jane eldest dau g ht er of the late Thomas Doe Thacker , of Wilmington -square, Clerkenwell. Deaths. CultiviiTaTia.;;Ccnubtihtte, E 2B sci th , inst., aagtePden73to.n Lo d ge, Andover, FIELD —On the 27th inst., at Pimlico, Chas. Field, E 5( 1 1 aged 77. JOHNSON. —On the 26th inst., Lieutenant •General mr. Johnsen of Wytham-on-the-Hill, in the county of Lin coln, aged 87. KING. —On the 26th inst., at Southampton, Henry Esq., R.N., aged 70. LEIGH,—On, the 27th inst ,at the West Hall, H i g h Leig Cheshire, Vic e -Ad m i ra l Joddrell Leigh,;.or 13roadwoli Rouse, Gloucestershire, aged 74. RAIKES.—On the 25th inst., at Llwynegrin Hall, Flint shire, Henry ltaiaes,Esq., F.R.G.S., aged 53. London: Printed and Pub.tished by wiLLIAn ANDIL of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tun SUN Office No. Strand, in the Precinct of the S avo y , :n the Count", 01 Friday, Ootober 30, 1803. ~:~,.,