The Sun. — London, England, 1863-01-05 00:00:00

~~ ~ J . ~~ , - • A '"4 ■ ME .. ' -..- --- - :.-,,. . --ie-.. . = .2- : .. -, - C - " , -,, ..z.., , ;., - ••.., ..,-, -.-_: .1 • _:::::::-.,=,'"!;.,•;',---- ". -.-,.- •".",....._-:,.-. .: ..,,,,„---...... , ,-,.._,:-!,; .--):------77-7-,---,-- - -----..-----,----- ; . • . ...... . 7... , A;:f.--::: - . _ 'iA• ~.. ---. -,-...- ,4 , •:.• !..Ic.- • 4 , ~/ lIIIIII IIIIIk (lAll • Art 1, .;,,,,...../ j '' f „ . i -- 7-- / U L . , ___,,, , f---- og- •\ # 1 - --, ii 11, , L , 7 , .' ,ey tk z o .lio i t i ~,, - , ..4.61, - - . ~0-, _,-- ~..,. (......., .. .: _ 3 111*-7' --" :rE ''..9 11l 7...... ;::;- : .- :,, - •-st, 2,.... , .7),:. Y 'A2V3IIIIIII '441 * THE ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH COMPANY. Liability Limited by Act of Parliament. £600,000 in 120,000 Shares of .£5 each. Deposit on allot ment, Qne Pound per Share. Guaranteed 8 per cen. by the British Government upon completion old working of the cable. CHAIRMAN. The Right Hon. JAMES STUART WORTLEY. VICi-CHAIRMAN. CURTIS N. LAMPSON, Esq. ELECTRICIAN. CROMWELL F. VARLEV, Esq. CONSULTING COMMITTEE. William Fairbairn, Esq., F.R.S., late President of the British Association. Joseph Whitworth, Esq., F.R.S. Professor Wheatstone, F.R.S. Professor W. Thomson, F.R.S., of Glasgow. SECRETARY —George Saward, Esq, BAISKERS. In London—Messrs. Glyn, Mills, and Co., and the Bank of England. In Lancashire—The Bank of Manchester. In Ireland—The National Bank and its Branches. In Scotland—The British Linen Co. and its Branches. BROKERS. Messrs. Foster and Braithwaite, 68, Old Broad-st , London. Messrs. P. Cazenove & Co., 52, Threadneedle -et:, London. Prospectuses and Forms of Application for Shares may be had at the Brokers, or at the Company's Offices, 22, Old Broad-street, London. By order. GEO. SAWARD, Secretary. THEATRE ROYAL DRURY-LANE. Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. EDMUND FALCONER. The public is respectfully informed that this Theatre, having been Re - modelled, Decorated, and Embellished in a truly magnificent and costly style, is now open. Notwithstanding the immense expenses incurred in the arrangements, the Prices of Admission will be as usual, and similar to those of the principal London Theatres, viz. : Private Boxes, 10s, 6d., 215., £1 Ils. 6d., 1 . 2 25., £3 35., and £4 4s. Stalls, 6s. Dress circle, 4s. First Circle, 3s. Boxes, 2s, Pit, 2s. Lower Gallery, Is. Upper Gallery, 6d. No Half-price. A MORNING PERFORMANCE of the PANTO MIME EVERY WEDNESDAY, at Two o'clock. THIS EVENING- will be presented Mr. E. Falconer's Comic Drama, entitled NEXT OF KIN. Principal Characters by Messrs. S. Calhaem, H. Sinclair, Neville, Warde, Rourke, Fredericks ; Mrs. Edmund Fal coner, and Miss Portman. After which will be produced the Cheat Drury-lane Annual in the form of an entirely Novel, Original, Bur lesque, Grotesque, Poetical, Pictorial, Pastoral, Grand Comic Christmas Pantomime entitled LITTLE GOODY TWO SHOES . ; or, HARLEQUIN and COCK ROBIN I "Little Bird with bosom red, Welcome to my Humble Shed, Daily near my table steal, While I pick my scanty meal, Well rewarded if I spy, Pleasure in thy glancing eye."—Old Poem. The novel Effects and Extensive Scenery by Messrs. GRIEVE and TELBIN, assisted by Messrs. DAYES, JONES, C. FENTON, E. LLOYDS, GRIEVE, Jun., TELBIN, Jun., and D ANSON and SONS. The Ma chinery by Mr. TUCKER, The Costumes by Mr. MAY and Mrs. CLARKE. The Masks, Designs, and Personal Appointments by the celebrated DYK-WYN-KYN ; com pleted under his direct supervision by Messrs. GLINDON, CHALTON, and numerous Assistants. The Tricks, Pro perties, Changes, and Transformations of the Harlequinade by Mr. BLAMIRE and Assistants. The Gas Appointments by Mr. HINCKLEY. The Scenes of the Harlequinade by H. BOLENO, J. CORMACK, and D. JOHNSON. The (troupes, Tableaux, Action, and Grand Ballet, designed and arranged by Mr. OSCAR BYRNE. The Overture and Music composed and arranged by Mr. J. BARNARD. The Opening invented and written by E. L. B-JANCHARD, Author of "The House that Jack Built," "Peter Wilkins," " Robin Hood," &c. THE VILLAGE SCHOOL OF GOODY TWO SHOES. EARLY MORNING. Little Goody T wo Shoes—Miss LYDIA THOMPSON. "This dear little Girl, whose real name was Margery Meanwell, once lived," &c.—Old Story. "His kind Wife gave little Margery a nice pair of new Shoes; and she was so pleased with them, and so fond of showing them to every one she met, saying, ' Two Shoes— Two Shoes,' that she gained the name of ' Little Goody Two Shoes.' "—Old story. The Raven, the Pigeon, the Cat, and the White Rabbit (her pets), Masters Quork, Coo, Mew, and Bunny. Pet Robin—M,aster Redbreast. Little Boy Blue (her Shepherd Swain) Miss HELEN HO WARD, Johnny Stout (the Good Boy) Mr. J. ROBINS. Thommy Green (the Bad Boy) Mr. G. WESTON. Day Scholars —Masters Wag, Lag, Fag, Brag, Dag, Nag, Gag, Mag, Tag, &c,, and Misses Nimble, Simple, Sample, Rumple, Whimper, Simper, Niminy, Piminy, &c., &c. Sir Timothy Gripe (Lord of the Manor), Mr. TOM MATTHEWS. Graspall (his Steward), Mr. SHAW. Villagers—Messrs. B umkin,Whackstraw, Oatcake, C haw bacon, Thatcher, &c., &c. " The room in which she taught her ® was very large, so that she could have her children sc stand in front of her while she instructed them. —Old Story. Of the proposal made by Sir Timothy to Goody Two Shoes, and what became of it. HUNTING LODGE ON THE BORDERS OF THE FOREST. The Fairy Good Nature (assuming the form of Goody Peabody), Miss KATE SAXON. Gamekeepers, Messrs. Popp and Bang. Footman, Mr. Powdernob. Page, Master Buttons. Housekeeper, Mrs. Chickabiddy. How Little Boy Blue meets with a particular friend, and how the Squire dooms the small Birds found on his Estate to general destruction, and what ensues thereupon. THE BRAMBLE BRAKE IN THE DEPTHS OF THE FOREST.—SUNSET. " When good Little Goody Two Shoes had finished her ten sets of letters, she invited a great number of her poor little Companions to meet together under an old oak tree, and there she taught them."—Old Story. The Demon Envy, Mr. GLIN DON, Hatred and Malice (his attendants), Messrs. Scowl and Growl. The Bad Boy's Compact with the Evil Genius, and what followed therefrom. HAUNT OF THE WOOD NYMPHS IN THE ENCHANTED DELL. _ _ May, Miss WENT WORTH. Bluebell, Cowslip, Violet, Wild Thyme, Golden Broom, Speedwell, Daisy, Buttercup, Wood Anemone, Primrose, Colvolvulus,Wild Rose, Traveller's Joy,Celandine, Hearts ease, Fox Glove, &c, (her attendant Wild Flowers), by a host of Coryphies. Pas de Forget-me-not, Miss LYDIA THOMPSON. Pas de Double Heartsease, The Misses GUNNISS. Ballet des Bouquets, invented and arranged by Mr. OSCAR BYRNE. WOODY AVENUE, LEADING TO BUTTERCUP MEAD, All hail to thee, thou first of May, Sacred to merry sport and play, To wine and jest and dance and song, And mirth that lasts the whole day long." CELEBRATION OF MAY-DAY AND FESTIVAL OF THE MAY QUEEN. OUTSIDE OF LITTLE GOODY'S COTTAGE, MILL BROOK, AND ANCIENT BELFRY. " Who killed Cock Robin ? I, said the Sparrow, with my Bow and Arld Nursery Legend. The Sparrow, Mr. Take-an-Aim. The Fly, Master Buzzy. The Fish, Mr. Gillbut. The Beetle, Mrs. Gamp. The Linnet, Master Downey. The 0 wl, Mr. Whit-to-Whoo. The Lark, Mr. Higbfiyer. The Rook, Mr. Blackeoat. The Bull, Mr. Roarer, with a Horn accompaniment. The deed done. Impressive fate of Little Cock Robin, and his marvellous restoration by Good Nature, who pro ceeds on her radiated Path of Prisms over the World. Harlequins, Mr. CORMACK and Mr. ST. MAINE. Columbines, Madame BOLENO (her first appearance here these two years) and the 'Misses GUNNISS. Pantaloons, Mr. G. TANNER and Mr. DEULIN JOHNSON. Clowns, Mr. HARRY BOLEN 0 (his first appearance here these two years) an d M r. C. LAURI. Scene I.—GRAND HINT 0' NATIONAL (THEATRE) EXHIBITION OF FUN! The Meeting of all Nations—Gold Washing and Gold Finding—Armstrong's Breech-loader—the Exhibition Bells and Belles of the Exhibition —Clown rings one of the Belles --a Belle Savage—the Majolica Fountain—Clown's new Vapourizer—Cent. per Scent —Striking Two--the Exhibi• tion Club—a Medicated Vapour Bath--a Piping Bullfinch —(Raree Airs)—the Australian Obelisk makes a decided Move—a Toad in the Hole—a Long Nap (2,000 years)—a Bed in the Coal Hole—Froggy would a-Wooing go —a sud den influx of Strange Visitors and close of the Exhibition. Scene 2 .—EXTERIOR AND INTERIOR OF INTER NATIONAL LODGING-HOUSE. Invented and Produced by Boleno (Registered). Panteenimists—HAßßY BOLENO, Madame BOLENO. Na and TANNER. Trip . Storm NalseACK—Madame BOLENO and Mr. CORMACK. Landlady, Mrs. Graben ; Page, Master Bellbutton ; Housemaid, not yet engaged; Visitors, Cabmen, Sweeps, Shoe-Black Brigade, gro., by Artists too numerous to mention. L o d g i ngs ! Lodgings I Lodgings I—Hotiee Full—A Fair Sample of a Cabby's Q u artersr all Abroad—Harry Dickens) —Bay Lodgings are on Beleno's return to his Old somebody's Luggage ani O p il, Bed with Sh A r_ts o . f Water (which —Nobody's Luggage D the cold ground—A . Bottling Spirits — Policeman on Duty are always damp)- - elown:wanßdedProaoar Vollorre-- -Coming down with the Dust—Clown —ThC solve to change their quarters an the Exhibition Early-rising Bedste ad—Clow n mak es Impression—Oh, rest thee, my Babe—A Novel Ruin• t guisher—Put out the Light 1 Put out the Light—A Squally Night - -Clown gets rid of a Lodger— s are fast asle e p --Clown gives them a dr op Child and Nurse too much—a new method of getti ng off to sleep—forty winks —Harlequin Box and Cox (up)— 'Ti c w h en t o s l eep the World retires--the Vision—an unwe l come Vi s it or —Th e Sh a des of Nig ht arid the Night Shade—Look on this Picture and on this—List, oh, li s t —I' m always with you—l'll warm yer— Oh , slum ber my d arling, and sleep while you may—Visions light! a s _ air —the Nurse—the Child—the Great Sensation Scene and D eneument. Scene 3 . — SHEL-FISH SHOP, COBBLER'S STALL, AND MUSIC WAREHOUSE! Invented by Mr. D. Johnson. Panternimists—Misses GUNNISS and Messrs. ST. MAINE, DEULIN JOHNSON he , and C. LAUR Pas Troia Mans DE illa Spiritu—e Misses GUNNISS M. ST. MAINE. 7 A .nd roiund Neat Bait—taking Trip ---a Trip less Flat—Flat Fish, Flying Fish, c . e of an —raking in the Natives Childish Games, an " ---h°°u'e happy d ays —A rr i va l o f F un —S u dd en appear old friend—Clown goes a fishing—Gets a bite appear- Winch prov e to be a nibble for him, Garotting with a Ven geanee—the strong Arm of the Law—Clown in a Fix— ljucky Escape —Clown gets a Ticket of Leave—the indus jjous Cobbler that Lived in a Stall—Clown finds a pair of lloots and gets Awl for his pains —a Rally and a Jump— i..l;3 will 1. 40 wn has a taste for Music and Gives a Concert, in which' play a Solo on the smallest Banjo in the world and Common Garden Pots—Pataloon has Five Bars rest— J,.. °1 9 1 gets Drummed in and quickly gets Drummed Out !lI—A Supply of Natives—a fair Division—the head of stn2orce and everybody taken in and done for. i'qUE ISIINCkION ACkitICIILTRAL kIALL, N°. 22,002. AND GREAT DOG-SHOW, CAT-SHOW, AND PLOWER-SHOW. Invented and Produced by BOLENO (Registered). Pantorsimists—HAßßY BOLENO, EMMA BOLENO, CORMACK, and TANNER. Flowers of Loveliness and Flowers of the Forest—going to see the Green Bushes—Heartsease and Tulips—coming in Pears (pairs)—a clearing Pair —Fruits of Industry -Music, the Food of Love—l calculate not—Music hath Charms—not so always—Where's the Police F—Opening of the Great National Dog Show—Pert Whine and Bark—an Impudent Puppy—Carrots and a Turn-up—Clown gets Pugnatious—a Dog-MA—Dog cheap and dear Hound — Clown keeps the Dog Watch, which he enters—the Way to Barking—Clown and Pantaloon gone to the Dogs— Sweet Sounds—Calculation, Multiplication, and Vexation Clown's Cat Show—Cats-up and Cats down, and a Cat for the Garotters—Descend ye nine—Dogs' Meat—Cats' Meat—a Jolly Dog—a Pair of Tabbies—the Kill-Kenny Cats—the Seat of War—How it will all end—a Prize Fight for a prize Cup—Catalessis—Catacresis—a Catastrophe which leads to a Cataract of the Feline Race, and thus ends the Catalogue. Scene S—(Comic)—EXTERIOR of MARINE STORES, PUBLIC-HOUSE, AND SAILOR'S HOME. Invented by Mr. J. Cormack. C. LAURI, D. JOHNSON, ST. MAINE, and the Misses GUNNISS. Nautical Hornpipe, by M. ST. MAINE and the Misses GUNNI§S. Set a thief to catch a thief—and he will go the " whole Hog or None"—A Sailor, half Seas over, mistakes all he Sees—Old Aunt Sally proves herself, rayther— Shell Hands wanted—and secured by Hook or by Crook—An cient and Modern Warriors—Hearts of Oak—Our Ironsides (not Cromwell's) Al good metal—the great Drainage Question—Pretty Poll of Wapping—she was such a nice young Gal! with Old Ballad, " the Lass that loved a Sailor"—" Home, home, Sweet Home"— The Sailors' Home—time to go home, but before doing so we introduce you to Last Scene.—(Danson and Sons.) ENGLAND•E3 awRY AND RICHES BROUGHT BY HER OCEAN WAVES I Box-office open from. Ten till Six daily. Doors open at Half•past Six, commence at Seven. Acting Manager, Mr. F. B. CHATTERTON. ETROPOLITAN RAILWAY COMPANY. o NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That the METRO POLITAN RAILWAY will be OPENED for PUBLIC TRAFFIC on and after SATURDAY, the 10th day of January inst. By order of the Board, JOHN HENCHMAN, Secretary. Offices, 17, Duke-street, Westminster, January 2, 1863. CIVIL ENGINEERING and SURVEYING co' LEGE. The COLLEGE COURSE of Instruction in Civil Engi neering, Surveying, Levelling, Plan Drawing, Measuring, &c, will COMMENCE on WEDNESDAY next, January 7. Terms for th . Course 10 guineas, which includes office and field work, the use of instruments, &c. For prospectuses ap ply at the College, 24, Guildford-street, Russell-square, London. THE CONSERVATIVE LAND SOCIETY.- THE ELEVENTH YEAR. Trustees, Viscount RANELAGH and J. C. COBBOLD, Esq., M.P. Prospectuses, explanatory of the Share, Deposit, Land, and Building Departments, will be sent, free of charge, to any part of the world. No Partnership liability, and the taking of land entirely optional. Present rate of interest, payable in halt-yearly warrants, five per cent. per annum on Shares (with participation in any profits above that allow ance), and four per cent. per annum on Deposit Accounts — the investors not becoming members of the Society. CIIARLEi LEWIS GRUNEISON, Secretary. Offices, No. 83, Norfolk-street, Strand, London, W.C. On 15th January will be published, THE INVASION OF THE CRIMEA : its Origin, Lnd an Account of its Progress down to the Death of Lord Raglan. By ALEXANDER WILLIAM KINGLAKE, Member for the Borough of Bridgwater. Vols. I. and 11., bringing the Events to the Close of the Battle of the Alma. To be completed in Four Vols. Bvo. William Blackwood and eons, Edinburgh and London. L IVES of EMINENT STATESMEN, in FUN, every week. One Penny . Now Ready, handsomely bound in Magenta cloth, gilt, price 4s. 6d.; post free, 65., the ,„lECOND half-yearly VOLUME of FUN, with K , numerous Engravings by talented artists, and humor ous Articles by the following distinguished writers : W. Bailey, Esq. W. S. Gilbert, Esq. W. Barber, Esq. T. Hood, Esq. E. L. Blanclvirloi, Esq. T. S. Jerrold, Esq. G. W. Bridgeman, Esq. W. J. Prowse, Esq. F. C. Burnand, Esq. Godfrey Turner, Esq. H. J. Byron, Esq. &c., &c., &o. Office, 80, Fleet-street, London. CANTERBURY HALL.- THE THIRD EDITION of the celebrated Panto mimic Entertainment THE ENCHANTED HASH, thirteen characters, including Harlequin, Columbine, Clown, and l'antaloon, sustained solely by Mr. B. Marshall, re-written by W. P. Vandervell. Esq., new characters and new drfee.s. UNSWORTH, in his rent,,l speech upon all the topics Of the day ; and the following Com'. favourites —Eugene, Arthur Lloyd, Frank Hall, and Miss Georgina Smithson. GRAND SELECTIONS from POPULAR OPERAS, as usual, conducted by Mr. Jonghmans. THE SUN, LONDON, MO .:\ DAY EVENING, JANUARY 5, 1863, SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. --~----- LONDON REVIEW.—We are now staying at the Prince Albert Hotel at London-super-Mare, with our wife and child, and servant. We are paying six guineas a week for a small slip of a sitting room, and two small bed-rooms, which scarcely suffice to hold the enormous beds which lumber them up. For our breakfast, consisting of very coarse tea, very thin milk, very bad butter and toast we pay 2s. a head. We pay ls. each for com position candles, which cost 4d. in the shops. We pay 2s. a day for a coal fire, in a grate scarcely large enough to warm our small room. Our dinner ge nerally consists of some common fish, whiting, soles, or herrings,---mutton chops or veal cutlets, and a sixpenny apple-tart, for which we pay ss. a head. Sherry and port, which our landlord, who is also a wine merchant, is glad to sell out of his hotel at 30s. a dozen, he retails to his inmates at 725. a dozen. Medoc, which he advertises as a wine merchant at 245. a dozen, he retails as an innkeeper at 60s. a cloven. For a bottle of soda water, which the che mists sell for 3d., he charges ls. ; for a sandwich, ls. ; for three penny worth of gin and water, to dilute our evening cigar, ls. Ladies and children not being admitted to take their meals in the coffee room, we are compelled to breakfast and dine in the small closet dignified by the name of our private apartment, and to smell those meals for hours after we have swallowed them. Our servant's board costs us 6s. a day; and we are charged 6s. a day for attendance. These various items con stitute a very formidable bill at the end of each week, no matter how frugally we live, but then we have the comfort of reflecting that we are staying at the very best hotel in London super-Mare—indeed, some people go so far as to say it is the best hotel in England and perhaps they are right. Its coffee-room is low, dark, and hot, and is pervaded by a chronic odour of cheese, and of the dinners of the day before yesterday ; and the melancholy and silent guests who haunt it ap pear seldom to exceed a pint of the low-priced six -shilling fiery sherry at their meals, and to eschew carefully the curious vintages of claret, champagne, and Tokay to which the wine certe on the mantelpiece pompously invites them at prices varying from 10s. to 245. a bottle. Latterly the obliging landlord has condescended to supply the common wines of France and; Germany, for which he charges but 48s. and 60s. a dozen ; but they are of such a scourging and acrid quality that no pru dent man ventures upon them twice. On the wall hang the memorable resolutions arrived at by the confederate hotel-keepers of England assembled at the London Tavern in 1853, reminding their custo mers,and opportunely too, for it might riot otherwise occur to them, that the accommodation they are receiving is admirable, that they are not paying at all too much for it, that at no continental betel are they treated better or charged less than at the Prince Regent Hotel at London-super-Mare, and that the Times is a most calumnious and unprin cipled journal. As long as we have been staying at it, the Prince Albert has been full to overflow ing ; its magnificent concierge assures us that it is always full to overflowing, and that although the quality of its guests varies with the time of year, their numbers never vary. At some seasons, he tells us, it contains more lords than Jews, and at others more Jews than lords; but the house is always full. Indeed, it has been so often hinted to us that there are several distinguished noblemen and opulent stockbrokers anxiously waiting for the rever sion of the three small closets which we occupy, that we do not dare to find fault with anything, and pay our modest bill every Saturday with simulated cheerfulness; for the air at London-super-Mare is very pure, its esplanade is clean, dry, and sunny, and our child is recovering satisfactorily from a long illnoast. We should probably not better our selves were we to migrate to St. Leonards, or to Brighton, or to Dover, or to Folkestone ; we should certainly meet at all those places with precisely the same small closets at six guineas a week ; the same dingy coffee-rooms, flavoured with cheese and fried fish ; the same fiery port and sherry at 6s. a bottle ; the same meagre breakfasts ; the same monotonous mutton-chop and veal-cutlet diet ; the Bailie pre posterous charge for everything, great and small. And we should find hanging in all their coffee rooms the same London Tavern resolutions, expres sive of the perfect satisfaction of the Confederate English hotelkeepers with the existing state of things. SPECTATOR.—It is a very common thing to hear people moaning grievously over the deterioration which has taken place in the character of the Bri tish merchant. That miracle of uprightness " whose word was as good as his bond" is considered by these prophets of evil to be for ever lost ; and they recount with gloomy satisfaction the many gigantic frauds which have come to light within the last eight or ten years, as if these alone were sufficient to establish the soundness of their opinion. As a matter of fact, however, it is remarkable how very few of these are to be attributed to persons who can with any propriety be called merchants. They have been more commonly either of the higher class of employes like Redpath, or men of a certain social position like Colonel Waugh and Roupell ; and even where it has been otherwise, as in the instance of Cole, Davidson, and Gordon, the utterers of the forged dock warrants, the case has owed its noto riety rather to the extent of the defalcations than to the mercantile importance of the perpetrators of the fraud. Sir John Dean Paul's case, again, is more than equalled by that of Fauntleroy, who was the offspring of that past which it is now the fashion to praise ; and it may, besides, very well be doubted whether the increase of fraud is at all dis proportionate to the increase of the business of the country. But nevertheless, however little the popular feeling may be justified by the popular reasoning, there are grounds for thinking that it has in it a certain substantial element of truth. It is certainly a matter for serious consideration when a most experienced advocate thinks it for the interest of his client to attempt to justify, before a London special jury, " keeping back information from shareholders" by directors, " managing the market and declaring a fictitious dividend;" and when the Chief Justice of England doubts whether " the unhappy frequency of similar operations" may not have " produced a different view of these matters I in the commercial world from that which would be taken of them in any other circle of honourable men," and thinks it necessary to denounce such "fraudulent and dishonest tran sactions" in a "passage which was pronounced with great energy." Or, to take an illustration of another kind, who of modern writers would venture to depict the character of the "merchant of great eminence in the City" in the colours in which Ad dison has painted Sir Andrew Freeport. Think over the creations of modern novelists, from " Cheeryble Brothers" to the "Newcomer," and you will find mercantile men remarkable for charity, for that kind of honour which is the result of per sonal pride, for every kind of good or evil quality ; but where is there one the staple of whose character is simply " indefatigable industry, strong reason," and stricter integrity than that of ordinary men ? And what is this but a proof that such a type wou ld no l onger b e i n h ar mony with the experience of their readers ? The fact seem s to be that os a s ctehratnainthne desire nscrupuloof gain usness . h a l s t cre p t i nto mode rn commerce , w hi c h i s th e resu lt more of the fear is not that " the City " has avowedly abandoned any one of its old frugal and honourable maxims, still less has adopted t h e ' put sense moneyeve even n thanthy purse" iag 0 of lago, in a more shamele ss theby hight a t - d pre ssurefor s L s : lavish o i intended tend ed competition,it. B stimulatedut , under y personal expenditure which seems t o b urn more fiercely in i each t y succeeding generati on , tra d ers d ; they are willing he to gamble more incur greater risk for the sake of large immediate gains, and great risks - in the long run mean heavy losses. But among men whose hearts are set on making a great fortune, the courage to make a loss seems to be the only courage which is wanting. Nat Ural vanity, too, whispers that their calamity is entirely undeserved. They have been cheated— or they were over-persuaded into it by some san guine speculator, whose facile tongue, after all, was less efficacious in disarming their better judg ment than their*Ovvn cupidity. Then comes a con fused notion of the right of self-preservation--that between them and the public it is only a question who of two innocent men shall suffer that they do no worse to others than has been dono to them ; and that everybody will always take care of him self. And so gradually even scrupulous men are drawn into practices which they would be the first to blame in others, and from which, had they been nakedly stated at the commencement IA the unlucky enterprise, they would have shrunk with horror. There is a vast deal of worldly wisdom in the old maxim we have so often heard, " They that make haste to be rich shall not be innocent." SATURDAY REVIEW.—A sense of thankfulness and surprise at the ease with which the shock of the American war has been borne ought to be the predominant feejing in every one who reflects on the financial histtry of thspast twelve months. We have escaped the danger which was imminent when the year commeced, of being ourselves dragged into reluctant hostilities; but, at the same time, we have lost the measure of relief that the forcible opening of the blockaded ports would have brought to the suffering industry of Lancashire. Either by thus cutting the knot, or by securing a largely in creased supply of cotton from India, it was hoped that the impediments to our staple manufacture would by this time have been removed. Neither of these anticipations has born realised. The Trent affair was settled in a manner which leaves little probability that the offensive language of the Fede ral Government will again be translated into offen sive action ; and unless the course of events should render our intervention acceptable to the majority of Americans both in the North and the South, the struggle may be expected to drag itself on to its natural termination in the exhaustion of the com batants, and the final separation of the two Confe deracies. For various reasons, the development of cotton production in India has been less rapid than those who knew the capabilities of the country had anticipated, and the ag gregate imports front this source have only sur passed by a fractional percentage those of . 1861. This has been chiefly owing to the excessive appre hension of the glut which might at any time ensue from the cessation of the American blockade ; but it is probable that the enterprise of Lancashire would not have shrunk so entirely from encounter ing this risk, had not the enormous stocks of manu factured goods rendered a pause in production de sirable, if not .absolutely essential. This is an influence which time alone is certain to counteract; and-already the improved tone of the markets has begun to show its effect in a partial renewal of the industry which had been almost entirely suspended. The crisis of the cotton famine has, to all appear ance, been reached, and a gradual, though probably a slow, revival may with some confidence be antici pated. We are therefore in a position to estimate at its true measure the weight of a calamity under which it was supposed .that England must sink into irretrievable ruin. Continental ob servers, and many men among ourselves, shared the belief of the American plan ters that without cotton England could not exist. To absorb the raw material and to secrete calico in constantly increasing quantities, was supposed to sum up the whole destiny of England; and the distress which has been felt so sharply and endured so bravely has not been with out the compensating advantage of overthrow ing this idle superstition and proving the wonderful stability of our commercial system. Years of brilliant prosperity are valuable enough as showing what England is capable of doing. A year of trouble has proved evenmore a usef s u h l ad in e showing how much our commerce can en dure. It may be said, without of exaggeration, that none of the dreaded consequences of the blockade of the cotton ports upon our commercial and financial interests have been experienced. Even in Lancashire no one has starved, for local and national benevolence has been found fully equal to the demand upon it. There has been no panic and convulsion, and less than the usual amount of commercial failures. Trade has never been checked by a want of accommodation ; but on the contrary, gold hes been more abundant than usual, and the rate of discount has fallen to the lowest point which has been reached since the opening of the first International Exhibition of 1851. What is still more surprising is the absence of any material reduction in the aggregate amount of our foreign commerce, the total falling off being less than 2 per cent. on the figures of the previous year. The di minution in the export of cotton has, of course, been large; but it has been almost exactly balanced by the increased trade in other commodities, and in particular by the expansion of our commerce with France. EXAMINER.—Without wishing to say anything hard of the dead, we must be permitted to hope that we are entering upon a yeat as unlike the last as may be. Nationally our occupation during 1862 may be said to have been little more than that which in the drill ground is called "marking time." At its commencement the country stood to its arms, with the word " ready." Soon afterwards the rash defiance which had in mid-winter led to the assump tion of that attitude was withdrawn, and since then it has not been repeated. Nevertheless, the toil and cost incident to preparation for defence has in no material respect been lightened. The estimates for the year gone by for army, navy, and ordnance were as great as they used to be in time of actual war ; while the outlay upon incomprehensible pro jects of fortification has gone on steadily increasing: and the best that can be said for our gigantic ex penditure during the past twelve months is, that its prodigal sum has not been inscribed, as in America, in the blood of the brave. Financially and fiscally we have neither retrograded nor advanced. With the exception of the hop-growers of Worcestershire and Kent, we are paying the same taxes to-day that we paid a year ago. Mr. Gladstone consented to find Ways and Means once more for an expenditure which he vehemently denounced as inordinate. Mr. Stansfeld made a flash-in-the-pan motion about economy which he took care should not alarm the spendthrifts, and Mr. Walpole, after threatening to snatch the weapon out of his hand, in order to aim it with party intent, took a trembling fit, and, with penitent sobs, asked to be permitted to run away. " Dear Mr. Crawford," who once tried to make the City believe he was in earnest about retrenchment, took care to be silent until the £70,000,000 for 1862 were voted and half spent; and when, with a view to the future, Mr. Cobden, later in the session, sought to fix public attention upon the duty and need of reverting once more to the long-forgotten principles of economy, Mr. Bright, true to the un practical part he loves to play, was nowhere to be found. HERALD.—We have no right whatever to attach to our recognition any conditions bearing on the internal affairs of the South. Recognition is not an act of favour, but of justice. If the recognition of the Confederates would be a favour to them, it could hardly be otherwise than an affront to the North. To withhold it may or may not be proper ; to tender it in exchange for certain concessions af fecting, not the relations between the Confederacy and foreign Powers, but the domestic laws and in stitutions of the States , would be to offer a direct end wanton insult. This will be clear if we suggest a few parallel cases. England was not bound i in stantly to recognise the Government established n France by the revolution of February, or that sub. stituted by the coup d'etat of December ; bat she would have had no right whatever to make her re cognition conditional, to demand from M. de La martine guarantees against Socialism, or to insist that the Emperor should maintain a constitutional form of government. Again, we might have de clined at present to acknowledge the King of Italy ; hut we were not entitled, and should not have pre sumed, to make acknowledgment the price of reli gious liberty for Protestants throughout his domi nions. Similarly, we have no right whatever to ask from the Confederate States any change in their municipal legislation as the condition of our consenting to hold diplomatic intercourse with them; and were we to do so we should be guilty of an impertinence as gross as that which Lord Russell has just offered to Denmark in the matter of Schleswig. It may be said, indeed, that we could do what we did in the case of Naples : we could diplomatically " cut" a poWer , which, accord ing to our judgment•, was not fit to be received into the family of civilised nations. If we could do this it would simply be very silly, very inconvenient, and utterly useless. But we cannot do it while we hold intercourse with Spain and Brazil. We cannot pretend that slavery is a loathsome abomination in the Southern States—on which we ourselves forced it—which is so offensive to us that we refuse to associate on terms of international courtesy with those who tolerate it, and that in Cuba and Brazil slavery is a thing objectionable indeed, but by no means disentitling its upholders to their natural place and position among nations_ Therefore, we have no right to make the abolition of slavery a condition of the recognition which, sooner or later, must be accorded to the Confederate States of America. And if we had the right we should be very unwise to exercise it. Any engagement which could oblige us to interfere in any eventuality in the domestic affairs of an American Federation would be inevitably productive, some day or other, of most disastrous consequences. Further, there is not the slightest chance that the Confederate States would listen to such a condition. They do not think of slavery as we do. In their view it is morally a great and sacred trust ; econo mically, a successful system of labour; politically, the only form of civil government suited to the in ferior race whose presence among them could be endured on no other condition. To ask them to abolish it would be asking them to incur endless trouble And difficulty in order to get rid of that which they hold to be a right and beneficial insti tution. Naval - and Military Intelligence. THE NAVY. VALETTA, Dec. 30.—Her Majesty's screw sloop Chanticleer, 17, Commander C. Stirling, left Malta harbour on the 29th inst., for Corfu, taking with her despatches and a general mail for the lonian Islands. This vessel is to relieve the Icarus, 11, Com. N.Salmon,V.C. on the Santa Maura, and Missolonghi station. On the 20th inst., the Edgar, 89, Capt. the Hon. F. A. Foley (bearing the flag of Rear- Admiral S. C. Dacres, C. 8.), and the Shannon, 35, Capt. C. J. Tones, were at Corfu. The Foxhound, 4, Commander the Hon. A. C. Hobart, was at Nanplia, and the Queen, 76, Capt. C. - F. Hillyar, the Liffey, 39, Capt. George Parker, the Pelican, 17, Com mander P. Brock, and the Alacrity, 4, Commander I. Baird, were at the Piraeus. The Liffey took from Marseilles to the Pincus the Hon. Henry Elliot, our Minister at Athens, who was accompanied by his brother, Admiral Elliot and Mr. Grant. The following English men of war are at present in Malta harbour :—The Marlborough, 131, Captain H. Stewart, C.B. (bearing the flag of the Vice- Admiral Commander-in-Chief) ; the Hibernia, recci-ring .hip, Commandor 14_ 13. Ilarvey (bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral H. J. Codrington ; the Phoebe, 35, Capt. T. Fortescue ; the Magicienne, 16, Capt. his Serene Highness the Prince of Leiningen ; the Firefly surveying vessel, Com mander A. L. Mansell ; the Psyche, despatch boat, Commander R. Stave ; and the tenders Boxer and Growler. Accounts received here this day from Gibraltar state that the Firebrand, 6, Commander Piers, and the Procris gunboat, were lying at the latter place ; and that the Meeanee, 60, Capt.litode house, and the Megcera, Commander Henderson, were daily expected there from England. The Leander, 51, screw steam frigate, 2,654 tons, 600 horse power, which has been fitted for the Ist division of the steam reserve at Sheerness, in place of the Berme, commissioned, was taken out of dock in Sheerness-yard,gm Saturday, and will be removed to moorings in the harbour on Monday. The Columbine, 4, screw steam sloop, 695 tons, 200 horse power, was taken into dock at Sheerness to be fitted with Lumley's new patent steering apparatus on Saturday last. The Scylla, 21, screw steam corvette, 1,467 tons, 400 horse power, Captain Rowley Lambert, from the Mediterranean, was paid off by Captain-Super intendent Charles Wise, Aide-de-Camp to the Queen in Sheerness Dockyard on Saturday. The crew were granted a month's leave. The Scylla will be placed in the third class steam reserve at Sheerness. Early on the morning of Sunday her Majesty's ship Formidable, flagship of Vice-Admiral Sir W. J. Hope-Johnstone, at Sheerness, parted from her moorings in a heavy squall, but was fortunately brought up at the Little Nore without sustaining damage. She was towed into harbour by the Me dusa and Otter steamtugs, and placed at temporary moorings until her own can be replaced. The line-ot battle screw steamer Hood, 90, 600 horse power, attached to the second division of the Chatham steam reserve, has been fitted with a spare (Griffith's) propeller, and is also to be supplied with fittings for her Armstong guns. Messrs. John Penn and Son, the eminent engi neering firm at Greenwich, have received orders from the Admiralty to construct a pair of oscillating engines of 160 horse-power (nominal) for a yacht ordered to be built for the service of her Majesty when staying at her Marine Palace at Osborne. The following appointments were maae on Satur day at the Admiralty :—Commander W. R. Hob son to the Osprey; Commander J. B. Scott to be Inspecting Commander of the Coastguard, vice Com mander Dalyell, deceased ; Commander A. P. H. Helby to be Inspecting Commander of the Coast guard, vice Commander Bouverie, promoted ; Dr. Robert Borrows, surgeon, to the Ariel ; Richard Godden, master's assist., to the Rhadamanthus ; and Wallace B. M'Hardy, midshipman, to the Resistance. THE ARMY. It is seldom at this season that a divisional field day takes place at Aldershott ; nevertheless, ,on Wednesday last, owing to the extreme mildness of the weather, the whole division was ordered out by Lieut.-Gen. Sir John Pennefather. The place of rendezvous was a portion of Cove-common, which had been recently drained, and on that account affords great advantages for evolutions of troops in winter. The troops were formed up in line ofeon tiguous columns, facing eastward,—C and G batte riesy right; 12th eavalr Royal Horse Artill er y on the r Brigade, consisting of 6th Carabineers , i o g Royal Artillery Lan cers, and 15th Hussars; A battery Brigade, 3d In fantryitlst Infantry Brigade, 2d Infa n try Artillery form ing the extreme left. Brigade ; B battery R oyal The troops marc h ed past, cavalry and artillery in open column of b atteries and troops at a trot , and the infantry in quarter distance column in double time. A fter march ing past, t h e troops took ground to the left, an d formed in the same order as before, parallel w ith the Farnborough-road, the right resting on Cove Pinewood. The rifles were then thrown out ' in skirmishing order ; the infantry wheeled to the left by brigades, opened out to deploying distance from the left regiment of each brigade, and deployed PRICE..... -..1d. 'STAMPED ....5.1. into line. They thus formed three parallel lines facing southward, and covered by the Rifles. The cavalry advanced in open - column of troops from the left, and the Carabine - ers and 13th Hussars threw out pickets and videttes in the direction of Fleetpond. The artillery had taken up a position on the summit of a hill on the north-west, where the troops first formed up covered the movements of the other arms. After a brief interval the videttes were recalled, the Cavalry Brigade formed line in the valley, retired by alternate squadrons, and re formed line on the right flank of the infantry, which now changed position to the right. The right was thrown back, bringing the rear of the Ist Brigade parallel with and close to the Farnham-road, with the 2d and 3d Brigades at equal distance in front, also in line. The Lancers advanced from the cen tre, and charged to the front, halting on the hill where the first formation took place. Two squa drons then pursued, corresponding the whole of Cove-common, the xegiment being supported dur ing this operation by the 13th and Carabineers. The right squadron of the Carabineers then pursued to the right of the 12th, covering the front of the infantry. The pursuing squa drons next re-assembled, and the 12th advanced at a gallop, halting as the 6th and 13th came up and formed line upon their left. The infantry advanced in echellon of et giments from the right of each brigade, halted and formed squares, eventually reforming into column. This closed the day's proceedings, and, after a short delay, the divi sion marched homeward. The movements through out were exceedingly well executed. The 10th company of Royal Engineers, now sta tioned at Aldershot, is under orders to hold itself in readiness to proceed to Chatham on Thursday. The 10th company will be replaced at Aldershot by the 2d company from Kensington. The Deputy-Adjutant-Gen. Col. C. Bingham, in a general regimental order of the Royal Artillery, dated the Ist inst., makes the following announce ments :—Second Capt. J. N. Portlock Dadson, 7th Brigade, to be Adjt., Depot Brigade, vice Lieut. H. Brackenbury, appointed to a company of gentle man cadets ; Second Capt. F. L. H. Lyon is ap pointed to the Royal Horse Artillery, vice Brevet Major Goodenough, who has resigned his appointment therein, and is posted to G Battery, Bth Brigade, in place of Lyon; Cart. De Moleyns is appointed Gunnery Instructor to the 7th Brigade, and Capt. Tupper to the 2d Brigade. Second Capt. A. W. A. Ogilvie is transferred from the depot to No. 6 battery, 7th Brigade, in the room of Captain Dadson. Lieut. R. D. E. Lochart, 13th Brigade, is raised to increased pay, vice De Moleyns, pro moted. The officers commanding Royal Artillery at the stations and in the districts concerned will obtain the sanction of the officers commanding the troops to the following removals :—Capt. Carey, from Woolwich to Corfu; Second Capt. De Moleyns. from Dover to Woolwich ; Second Capt. Lyon, from Ireland to Woolwich; and Lieut. A. J. Saunders, from Woolwich to Portsmouth. The following officers have been posted as under—viz., Quarter-. master Robinson to the 18th Brigade ; Quartermas ter Parkes to the 21st Brigade; Quartermaster New to the 4th Horse Brigade; Veterinary-Sur. Mar shall to the 4th Brigade; and Veterinary-Surg. Wal ters to the Bth Brigade ; Lieut. - N.M. Burt is trans ferred to G. Battery, 11th Brigade; and Lieut. A. J. Saunders is transferred to No. 7 Battery, 6th Brigade. The following appointments and removals of master gunners have been approved—viz., Ser geant J. Agnew, of the Depot Brigade, to be master gunner of the 3d class, at Shornmeade, vice Skelton, pensioned ; Sergeant George Kerr, of the Coast Brigade, to be master gunner of the 3d class, at Broughty-castle, vice George Alexander, whose appointment is cancelled. The examination of candidates fvr commission in the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers for admis sion to the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, under the Horse Guards regulations, dated May 5, 1862, will commence at Chelsea Hospital this morn ing before Major-Gen. F. W. Hamilton, C. 8., Vice- President, and the members of the Council of Mili tary Education. The examinations will occupy the whole week. Recruiting for the depots of those East India and British depots at Chatham, the service com panies of which regiments are below their proper strength, has proceeded rather more actively during the past month, and a number of fine young men have been sent up to Chatham from the various recruiting districts. It is, however, a remarkable circumstance, and one which has caused no incon siderabie surprise among the military authorities, that although there are at present several thou sand young men in enforced idleness in the cotton districts in the north of England, the number of men offering themselves for military service from the towns and districts in Lancashire has hitherto been exceedingly small, the recruits who have arrived at Chatham from that neighbourhood, which may be taken as a fair index of the numbers join ing at the other large military stations, being little, if at all, in excess of those entering the army from those districts in ordinary times. It is observed, too, that nearly the whole of the recruits who have recently joined the Royal Marines have been sent up from the central and eastern districts of England, comparatively few having joined that branch of the service from the North-western counties. f dis wilt via to )fora ted in fforser icipal mada" vilich ks on rding OIL cover which ) tin ed for nd, if i. Joe )f de g the res of o 6d 0 7d )7d. tone. tone. ARGYLL ROOMS, Windmill-street, Piccadilly. Open nightly for Promenade. There is added to the above elegant Establishment a Grand Conversation Saloon, Reading Room, and Smoking Lounge. French, German, and English papers taken in. The musical arrangements under the direction of Mons. Boulcourt. The Band is composed of the best Musicians in the metro polis. Admission is. —Manager, M. Grenet. THE LONDON ANATOMICAL MUSEUM ; containing the Wonders of Nature and Art, shown by nnumerable superbly executed Models, illustrating every part of the Human Frame, together with a variety of highly interesting Natural Preparations, Malformations, and Mon strosities. Open daily, from 11 to 10 (for Gentlem. n only). Admission One Shilling. Entrances 29, George-street, Han over-square, and 41A, Maddox-street, Regent-street, Lon don, W. Explanatory Lecture every Evening* at Seven. Illus trated and Descriptive Catalogues sent, post free, for twelve stamps. Address the Secretary, as above. OSTE() EIDON: What is It? See Patent, March 1, 1862, No. MO.— GABRIEL'S Self-adhesive Patent Indestructible MINE RAL TEEM and FLEXIBLE GUMS, Without palates, springs, or wires, and without operation. One set lasts a lifetime, and WARRANTED FOR MASTICATION and ARTICULATION. Purest materials only, at half the usual cost. Messrs. GABRIEL, the old-established Dclitists, 27, HARLEY-STREET, CAVENDISH-SQUARE; 34, LUDGATE-HILL, LONDON; 65, NEW-STREET, BIRMINGHAM; and 134, DUKE-STREET, LIVERPOOL. INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, CLASS 17. One visit only required from country patients. Gabriel's Practical Treatise gratis. Consultations free. TEETH. -13y MR. ESKELL'S INVENTION (Royal Seal granted 17th July, 1860), Sets or partial Sets of Teeth, exquisitely enamelled to nature, are made and fitted in a few hours by means of his patented soft elastic and imperishable base of the colour of the gum, to which it ad heres with wonderful tenacity, dispensing with springs or unsightly fastenings, and defying detection by the closest observer. The peculiar attribute of Mr. Eskell's invention is, the readiness with which these teeth can be re-adapted to any change of the mouth (even by the wearer); and as they act independently of all disturbing causes which affect teeth of ordinary construction, they are guaranteed ft last a life time, as well as for mastication and articulation. Mr. ESKELL'S TREATISE, which fully explains hisinvention, post free for seven stamps.—lnspection of specimens and Con sultations free. Terms strictly moderate.-8, Grosvenor street, Bond-street, London ; and 39, Bennett's-hill, Bir mingham. TRULY EFFICACIOUS AND MILD.- Dr. SCOTT'S BILIOUS and LIVER PILLS, pre tiared without any mercurial ingredient, from the recipe of'Dr. Scott, of Bromley, Kent, will be found invaluable to all who suffer from bilious and liver complaints, indigestion, wind, spasms, giddiness, dizziness of the eyes, &a For habitual costiveness, as a family aperient medicine, and as a purifier of the blood, they are truly excellent; mild in their opera tion and grateful to the stomach, they create appetite, pro mote digestion, and strengthen the whole nervous system. Sold by W. Lambert, 20, Jermyn-street, Haymarket, London, and by most druggists, in boxes,ls. lid., and three times the quantity in one, 2s. 9d. Be sure to ask for Dr. Scott's Bilious and Liver Pills. The genuine are a square stamptame Package, with " William Lambert," engraved on the . es sufficie nt CißOCit---RS AND TH E W INE T RADE. —Th ere are to conv i nce th e mos t o b s ti na t e a a n rg d il th rnet the arguments prejudiced on the question, that a large and tradeeed i n the profitable field of ent beforethe feat the in the development jP t n h s e eis open for E ng li s h ca pit a li s t s Continent. The sampl es r public at the light wines of the International Exhibition testify t o may be sold in England at a figure tahcattthat pure wines luxury within the reach of all classes. T w he illt ulls place the doubt advancing when the opposition of the champions is no high prices will be of little av ail. The g rocers t hroughout the kingdom are opening their eyes to the advantag es of adding this profitable branch to their business ; and th e ' next thing of importance to be accomplished is to see that their inexperience does not allow them to be made the dupes of unprincipled dealers, who are endeavouring to palm off inferior rubbish on grocers desirous of opening a trade in their own districts. Great caution should be exercised; especially in purchasing the first stock, as the sale of an article in which some are tempted to deal by the false pros. , pect of large profits, will assuredly have a disastrous effect, and render the establishment of a local trade a difficult matter.— The Grocer. Importing tea without colour on the leaf prevent the Chinese passing off inferior brown leaves as in the usual kinds. Horniman's tea is uncoloured, therefore always good alike, Sold in packets by 2,280 agents. Neutral Trade with Belligerents. ) given rise to much general (From the ahas London E The case of the Alabam a discussion on several complex and intricate questions which lie at the very root of the whole existing system of positive international law. By positive international law jurists un derstand international law as established by treaties and by the observance of customs between independent nations in their dealings with each other. It is of the essence of a law, properly so called, that there should be a sanction to enforce its performance and to punish its violation. Un like municipal law, international law is without a sanction in the proper sense of the term. The only sanction which a breach of the usual observances of international customs can call forth is a declaration of war on the part of the offended nation. Tho absence of any other sanction than the ultima ratio of war has led Mr. Austin, in his great work on jurisprudence, to deny that international law is a law at all in the proper sense of the term. Whether that be so or not, it is ad mitted by all writers on the subject, that the rigorous de ductions from principles which are required by municipal law cannot be looked for in international law. Positive international law, such as it is, is founded international morality as its basis. International z0,..° th ' national tive or the morality which should in theory bind nations in dealings with each other, bears the same retularation !vi --- c ipal law. international law as ethics or morals bear indioses, in their dealings with International morality is, as its na r w ro e or g e regulate the morals or national ethics . Ethi:eL°rorality regulates the conduct of individuals, internatiu conduct of states and governments'is , o thing more nor less than a b e i trics i s the test b • w T h c e ll m h e p good nessorfee each other. Municipal law of ethics. Its accordance with the bra n b c r h o broad principles great c i_ ,P l j e s s w ao uf ni roust be me asuredy. un :„R ica r Plil ities of man' n l a a t w ur . e are the grounds enactmentspositive tions o and f m of for the "la not The knowledge 0 . his duty i s sufficient to insure its perform am/ punishes him for the violation. Le by him. Positive iaown,. Positive therefore, l a steps wd oes not, in however, pretend to be co -extensive with ethics. The line of demar cation which shuts off ethics proper from those parts of the ethical system which have been embraced with in its limits, and invested with a sanction by positive law, is often a thin one ; where it ought to be drawn is often the most puzzling subject which offers itself to the mind of the legislator. No positive rules can be laid down on the sub ject. As civilisation improves, it is to to hoped that the dictates of conscience may, in process of time, supply of themselves a sufficient sanction to secure the prevention of acts which require at present the punishments of positive law. These remarks have been introduced because they are calculated to throw much light on the relaticns exist ing between international morality and positive interna tional law. The former bears the same analogy to the latter as ethics do to positive law; morality, whether prl vats or national, is, in the language of jurists , e with no a duty of imperfect obligation,the breach of which is paw other penalty than remorse of conscience; the latter sub ject, of course, to the remarks we have already made as to ~~ h - - - rho abbeittete at Interauttouai lbW ui iis sauction In Mb jiAttilie4,' sense of the term, is a duty, in a certain sense, of perfect obligation. In municipal law the sanction is perfect ; in international law it is only in a sense perfect. The imper fection does not, however, destroy, for practical purposeot or throw down the partition-wall, thin though it; may be, which separates international morality from positive inter natiohal These observations bear very materially upon the goes tion as to how far a neutral may, consistently with his neutrality, furnish belligerents with the muniments of war. A writei in the Macs, in a letter signed "Histori cus," has by no means dune full justice to M. Haute feuille, the adviser of the French Government, or to she Queen's Advocate,in his criticisms on their discussion of this delicate point. The manner in which NI. Hautefeuille treats the, whole subject is, it is true, quaint, if it may not be styled even priggish. Ile treats the questio ,in the first place by what he call, the "primary or the divine law," and thEn he c. , nsidcrs how far the "secondary law" is in seen/dance with the requisition of the former. A very little observa tion will lead any one to see that, by the divine law,, he means the dictates of international morality, and by the secondary law, merely the customary usages of positive in • tornational law. His method is sound, though excel tions may often be taken to his positions. l3ut, it is idle to Auer at the work of M. Hautcfcuille. It is an honest, careful, and moat laborious product ion , the opinions of other are s t a t ed by him with rotearkable fairness, Which of itself is a great merit in a subject of so slippet y a nature as inter national law, and are discussed with extreme impartiality. iPlato rep os it ory of all the learning on the subject. llls oo is T a c The failure of M. Hautefeuille, where he fails, arises from the fact that ho attempts too much—from his wish and endeavour to p la ce internatio na l l aw upon as scientific a basis as that on which municip a l l aw rests . A very slight acquaintance with the first principles on which every system of jurisprudence is based, • is enough to show that this is the aim of his work. If he fails it is because the object is impossible ; for a system of law whi ch hangs its sanction on the cannon's month cannot well be (scie n tifi c , He is, however, well entitled to respect km his learning, and for the fearlessness with ishich'iliSWOseillis °Pin ions. At all events, he quoted. Now, in the chapter as to Whetherit is - an mat hs entitled tis.lassveltiii - opi:nion fairly tral act in the neutral to sell muniments of War to the belli gerents, M. Hautefeuille does not say, as he is represented to do by the writer in the :limes, that the neutral government is bound to prohibit and prevent its private subjects from selling, in its own territory, muniments of war to one or both of the belligerents. What he says is, that, on the ground of international morality, the sale on the neutral territory of these articles by private subjects is, in fact, a violation of the precepts of that higher law ; and, being so, he concludes that a belligerent might be justified theoretically, upon grounds; of international morality, in regarding the breach a casus bell; but he adds that, practically, a belligerent will, as a general rule, in almost all cases, rather submit to an infraction of the higher law than take this step and thereby bring upon his shoulders another belligerent. More than this, M. Hautefeulle does not say, nor is the deduction which has been made from his remarks legitimate. His treatment of the matter is a mere theoretical discussion ; he does not in culcate on the neutral Government the duty of preventing its subjects from selling in its territory muniments of war to a belligerent. -The motive of his discussion is the ques tion whether acts of the sort would, under any state of cir cumstances justify the other belligerent as a casus We confess that, to our minds, the theoretical question is somewhat, an idle one, though a writer who aims at a scien tific treatment of the subject could hardly have passed itby. The Queen's Advocate discusses tho subject much in the same manner as- M. Hautefeuille. What is with the French writer the "divine or primary law," is with the English jurist the principles of uni versal justice. A captious critic may perhaps think that universal justice is rather a broad and sweeping term ; but the Queen's Advocate, if he errs, errs in common with a great man and a great judge, and uses language which has been already employed by jurists and diplomatists. Lord Redesdale, that great master of equity law, in defining the limits of the jurisdiction of the Courts of Equity, says that they are only bounded by the requisitions of universal jus tice; and the British Minister, Mr. Hammond, in discus sing with the American Minister in 1791, questiens of in ternational law, almost uses the same words. Probably we should prefer the phrase "international morality ;" but the Queen's Advocate, when he speaks of "univers it justice,' means nothing more. In the few pages which he devotes to this special_ subject he treats it, like M. Hautefeuille, on the purest theoretical grounds of international morality; and though he thinks with M. Hautefeuille, and with the com mentators of Valhi, that the sale of muniments of war is a breach of that higher law,he does not in anypart of his book assert, as he has been represented, that the sale of contraband articles by the private individuals of a neutral nation as a pure commercial venture to either or both of the bellige rents, is an act which the neutral Government ought to be called upon to prevent. The distinguished position which the Queen's Advocate occupies, as the chief adviser of the Government in matters of great difficulty, entitles him to every courtesy. His work on International Law is to a de gree honest and laborious. Indeed, the authorities citedbY Historicus" in favour of an opinion which- the Queen's Advocate probably never meant to dispute, are almost all derived from his pages. The sale of contraband to tho behigerents by the neutral is perhaps of all the questions of international law that in which the line of demarcation between international morality and the positive international law is the most obscure. It does not follow, that because an act may be internationally immoral, it ought, therefore, to be prohibited by posi tive international law. Slander and abusive language are immoral, but they are not, except in certain cases, vi sited by the sanctions of positive municipal law. Similar difficulties occur in international law in determining where international morality ends and positive international law, such as it is, begins. The actual conduct of nations is, perhaps, the best test of the principles on which they act in deciding this question. All jurists are, we believe, agreed in the doctrine that the sale of muniments of war, snch as powder, shot, ecc„ as a commercial adventure, is not a violation of international law. M. Hautefeuille and the Queen's Advocate, when they seem to disagree, only do so upon the purest theoretical grounds. Their. argu ment refers, not to the practices during war as they aka, but to the practices as they should be under a perfect - State of things which is far from being realised. The want of power in the neutral to prevent the sale, and the unreasonable ness of the demand on the part of the one belligerent in requiring the neutral to prohibit the sale to the other belli gerent of muniments of war as a pure commercial adven ture, are the reasons which have led to the establish ment of the present doctrine. Questions convenience, and a general balance of the conflicting r ights, lie at the bottom of the rule, which appears to lie now fixed up on very reasonable basis. Our citizens," said Mr. Pickering, in reply to the Bri tish Minister, Mr. Hammond, who had complained that a French agent was buying up arms and military accoutre ments with the intent to export them to France, " have a l w ays been free to make, vend, and export arms; it is the constant occupation and livelihood of some of them. To suppress their callings, the only means perhaps of their subsistence, because a war exists in foreign and distant countries, in which we have no concern, would scarcely be expected. It would be hard in principle and impossible in practice."—American. State Papers, 20th Jan., 1796. The quotation which has just been made shows that such questions are not new. A long corresponpence arose upon this subject in 1794, when war broke out between France and England, America beiag neutral, and was continued during 1795 and 1796. Tho corresrondence, which lies be foret us in the American State Papers, is at the present moment moment both amusing and instructive, now tha t th o g e bel ligerent are turned, and the neutral of those da o y f e ligerent of our own time. The belligerents those days England de were not more modest and forbearing it is the usual custom of belligerents t t s o eii m h . or A se d s et t , id stop the sale of arms mended that the United States; o th th e e r E re n n g e: o d that the United in t h be e r demands than to the French. France demanStates from noticing any other part of should not allow m lish. Our limits P reve t to us a very Se this correspondon e ! thetierrdotfisSentasteto, important letter of Mr. Pickering, th e I n a is so far inister . Tkia important that it has been. cited. thogrealawyer Kent, as one of the letters which _ ta w i fb the rule that neutrals may lawfully sell at home to e% hestigerent purchaser, or carry themselves to the bel-ligerent powers, contraband articles, subject to the right of seizure in transitu." The juristby Mr. Pickering cited that letter at considerable length, and spoken of by him in terms of respect, is Galiani, who, on the other hand, is described by " Historicus" as " a mighty foolish" author. M. Ades had, in his letter which called forth the letter of Mr. Pickering, appealed to Galiani in favour of his own position. Galiani therefore, has had the enviable and rare distinction among international lawyers of being admitto by France and America to be a decisive authority on a com plex and intricate point. It may not be out of place to say that the writings of international lawyers are, with hardly an exception, coloured by the sentiments and the prejudices of the nation of which the writer is a member. Natives of powerful maritime states are almost all in favour of ad vanced belligerent rights, while the natives of weak mari timerhe states are in favour of th e r i g ht s o f neutrals. proof of this remark might be followed out without any difficulty. We make it to prevent persons whohave not looked closely into the subj ec t from being led blindly al ong by a string of authorities on any point of international law. It must not be forgotten that international law, as wen as upon any other branch of law, ono good authority is better than a dozen indifferent one. The difficulty, however, is the determination of which is the good authority. Eac% man is too apt to fly to the ono which supports his os.en views and panders to his own prejudices, and to trvaupet th a t one forth to the world as the embodiment of wisdom. A better field for the exercise of this common proclivity of huma n nature could hardly be found than is off b ered by in ernational law. FATAL ACCIDENT.—On Saturday a young man engaged in repairing the roof of a house in Daulby street, Liverpool, slipped his foot and fell. In falling ha. alighted on the spikes of some railings in front of thin i house, by which he was impaled. Death ensued alaY immediately. /~ 4 , 1 H E 0 X F OR D, 11 6, OXFORD STREET. George Hodson's Irish Entertainment Unsworth's great Stump Speech, " Or any other man." Eugene's burlesque Songs and Dances. W. Randall's Comicalities. Caroline Parkes' Pantomimical Sketch, " Little Red Riding Hood." EVERY EVENING. In addit'on to Drew Dean's Flute Solos, Operatic Selections, &c., by Miss Russell, Miss Townley, and Miss Oesten ; Messrs. Albert, Greene, Bernardi, &0., (tc., with full Band and Chorus, Conducted by Mr. F. Jonghmans. ierole übts pits arded ,eople e de- 4s 91 3s Od stock I to- 8. d. 27 0 13 0 —0 15 0 22 0 35 0 8. d, 8 . ....• cad '.' :_~ gill