The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-25 00:00:00

LANCASHIRE DISTRESS. ----~-- CENTRAL RELIEF FUND. The weekly' meeting of the Central Executive Committee was held yesterday in the Manchester Town-hall, the Earl of Derby in the chair. Mr. MACLURE, the honorary secretary, reported that the balance in the bank was £310,588 Os. 10d., and that £l9O 18s. 10d. bad been received during the vi,tlc. The honorary secretary also reported that during the week three parcels of clothing had been received. Nothing had been sent off. Mr. FARNALL lead the following report : " I beg to inform you that on the 15th inst. there W2S an increase in the:number of persons receiving parochia relief in 27 union in the cotton manufac turing districts, as compared with the number so relieved in the previous week, of 382. The increase of 382 is explained as follows :—There is an increase at Blackburn of 91, at Burnley of 73, at Bury of 46. at Chorley of 29, at Chorlton of 6, at Clitheroe of 13. at Glossop of 476, at Haslingden of 60, at Lancaster of 3, at Leigh of 16, at Macclesfield of 8, at Oldham of 170, at Preston of 76, at Prestwich of 28, at Saddleworth of 60, at Todmorden of 111, and at Wigan of 15—making a total increase of 1,281. But there is a decrease at Ashton-under-Lyne of 195, at Barton-upon-Irwell of 30, at Bolton of 2, at Garstang of 6, at Manchester of 236, at Rochdale of 169, at Salford of 232, at Stockport of 24, and at Warrington of s—making a total decrease of 899, EO that there is a net increase of 382, and since the 6th of December last a total decrease of 125,752. There were on the 15th inst. 146,231 persons re ceiving parochial relief in the 27 unions adverted to ; in the corresponding week of 1861, 46,807 per sons were so relieved ; there is, therefore, an in crease of 99,424 persons in the receipt of parochial relief, or 212.4 per cent. In the corresponding week of 1862, 126,580 persons received paro chial relief. The total weekly cost of out-door relief on the 15th inst. was £9,023 14s. Bd.; in the corresponding week of 1861 it was £2,26415x. 9d. ; there is, therefore, an increase of £6,758 18s. ld., or 298.4 per cent. In the corresponding week of 1862 it was £7,127 ls. 6d. The average percentage of pauperism on the popu lation of these um? ns on the 15th inst. was 74 ; in the corresponding week 'in 1861 it was 2.4 ; and in the correspond ing week in 1862 it was 64. The amount of money in the hands of the treasurers of the above unions on the 15th inst. was £79,183 Bs. 2d. Your committee will have observed the increase of pau perism in the union of Glossop—viz., 476; but the clerk of that union wrote to me on the 21st inst. as follows . " This increase is caused principally by the Glossop Relief Committee throwing the single men, and men with their wives and no children, on to the guardians, and also by the stoppage of a colliery in the township of Chisworth: Had there been no alteration of arrangements in the union of Glossop I should have been enabled to have reported a decrease of pauperism in the cotton manufactured districts." A discussion followed on the general prospects of the district. Mr. J. It. KAY said that the conditions of things in the district which he represented (Bury) ap• peared to him to be more gloomy now than it was a few weeks ago; and mentioned as a fact in point that one of the largest manufacturing firms in his neighbourhood, that of Messrs. Grant Brothers, was about to close their mill and retire from business. Mr. T. ASHTON thought there were no new grounds to warrant any important variation from the estimate of the prospects of the cotton trade put forth by this committee at Christmas last. The imports of cotton in the interval had been, if any thing, rather less than was calculated upon ; but the difference was inconsiderable. There was no doubt that every bale of cotton imported would be used. In reply to the chairmen, he observed that next year a large supply of cotton might be looked for, inasmuch as they ought not to anticipate another failure in the Indian crop. Mr. Hum" MASON mentioned that a manufac turer with whom he was well acquainted, employ ing 700 hands, and whose works had been stopped for several months, bought cotton about eight weeks ago, are? again opened his wcaks, thinking that at the then price of the raw material there wcuid be lesa loss in working then in keeping the machinery idle. Since he went into the market, however, the price of cotton had advanced 2-1-d. per lb., and it became a question with him whether he should not close again. Mr. ASHTON said that similar changes in the market had been occurring during the last 18 months. Mr. E. ASHWORTH expressed the opinion, as 9 Member of the Cotton Supply Association, that there would not be more than 22,000 bales per week for consumption till the close of the year, leaving the stock in Liverpool at that time the same as in the present month—viz., in round numbers, 150,000 bales less than at the commencement of the year— that was to say, the trade would lessen the stock in Liverpool beyond the imports to 150,000 bales. This 22,000 bales per week would be equivalent to three days' working. He could show from correspondence received by the Cotton Supply Association, a pro mise based upon crops of cotton now growing, of a supply equal to 41 days per week employment for 1864. The CHAIRMAN inquired from what countries the increased supply was expected ? Mr. E. ASHWORTH replied that 350,000 bales, equal to 250,000 bales of American, were expected from the Turkish dominions ; there would be a small increase from Italy and the Mediterranean islands, an increase of 50,000 hales from Egypt, and of 100,000 more from Brazil and Peru. Sir Charles Wood had stated that, owing to the unfavourable season in India in 1862, we had a much smaller excess of quantity than might have been anticipated from the increased breadth of land placed under cotton. They might now take into their calculation, however, last year's increased breadth of land and the increased breadth this year; and he thought t hey might safely estimate an enlarged imp ort from India for 1864 to the extent of 250,000 bales. T he CHAIRMAN said if these calculations were fie ,arate 4 , e di ati ,2.‘ 4 o y were most important. Heretofore these rica, L'folrhaatdbeen dependent, he believed, upon Ante according to the five-sixths of their cotton ; and next year be estimate now made, there would workin g per _a supply equal to nearly five days' Mr. A, sta Z e eh . , wholly independent of America. of Lancashire mi ght he had no doubt that the whole without a bale o l f ght be at full work in 1865 or 1866 pposinegotttnon being received from Ame rica, and su In r e war were still progressing in that country, the :, to Mr. Worral, he added that he believed itoto ould . be a sufficient supply for 4-1 days' working (Bolton) after Christmas. Mr. E. A SHWORTII( empio n) observed that the time at which the 41 days' would be regulated, to some should commence Prices Y ri vere sufficiently tent of stocks in hand. if the exte nt, by the ex reduced at Christmas to keep the point would d urae to fuller which would permit of immediate e r7 at not arrive working, extended operations com mence. The Indian cotton crops didaultdilhben till towards Midsummer, bat prices w o Mediterranean and some other crops by January, Daring Daring the past year the exports of manufactured goods from E ng l a nd had exceeded the impo rts of the raw material, and therefore the old stocks in the warehouses must have bun considerably lessened. The CHAIRMAN (Lord IMby) ablzt_dit there we e any prospect of an inc reased supply of cotton from South Africa—Natal, for in stance, or Australia? Mr. E. ASHWORTH—Very little indeLd. exclWe shall Rot have 10,000 bales iron a ll Africa, uding Egypt. Lord EGERTON inquired what was the prospect with regard to the export of manufact ured g oods. He understood that the exports depended upon the price of cotton here. Mr. E. ASHWORTH said that in 1860 or 1861 we exported cotton goods to the value of £60,000,000 sterling. When the price of cotton rose the exports began to fail off, but the Times twitted them by saying that they still sent out £60,000,000 worth of goods—that was, half the exports at double the price. The question was whether, when the bulk of raw cotton imported was 50 per cent. n [tore than at present, the £60,000,000 of money would be mused to £90,000,000. Mr. T. ASHTON believed that with the low price of cotton formerly prevailing, the trade would again extend in proportion. They could not enlarge their operations at the present prices of cotton. The cot ton growing districts of India had, owing to the high price paid for their produce, enjoyed a degree of prosperity never before witnessed. The effect was beginning to be seen in Calcutta. An esti mate had been arrived at as to the quantity of goods they could use in the six months, from January to the end of July, and this was one of the causes of the large business done in Manchester last week. The usual consumption in Calcutta was, in spite of present high prices, only 25 per cent. per month more than that of the first six months of this year. In addition to this they knew that the stocks of goods up country had been reduced materially during the same period. Mr. E. ASHWORTH said the money paid to India during the last year for cotton had been about £20,000,000 sterling more than had been customary, and the increased amount to Egypt—to a popula tion of 3,500,000—was about £7,000,000 sterling. Some portion of that money would be sure to come back to this country for manufactured goods. Mr. STERN did not think there would be any difficulty in selling all the goods they could produce, provided there was no very sudden f all in the price of cotton. too Lo t r h d an E k . f H ul ow fo A r ßp th , could e r prospectsbe which had been held out to them, but he gathered eMlTop"eseoitd btrhigeyht from the conversation that a p eriod of something like two years must elapse b e fore they could be realised, and thought, the refore, that they must bear in mind what they had to encounter in that long interval. He was sure they would have as winter approached plenty to do, both in applying the money under the Public Works Act and in finding employ ment by other means for the distressed population. These people, if he mistook not, would soon be badly off for clothing, and that might interfere with their going to a distance in search of work. He should be glad to learn what had been the result of efforts made by certain benevolent persons to employ these cotton operatives in out door work. It would be well, especially as a long period had to be tided over before brighter times arrived, if such persons would publish the result of their experience in the employment of factory operatives at a distance. It might probably en courage others to follow their example by finding occupation for the same unfortunate class. Lord EGERTON said the expense of removing deterred married men with families from going in search of work to long distances; they had also a natural repugnance to breaking up their homes. Mr. MACLURE (hon. sec.) said that wherever ' operatives bad gone to avail themselves of specific offers of work through this committee, he had taken care to inquire how they had conducted themselves as regarded their general behaviour and suitability for their new employments, in every instance the reports had been most satisfactory, an 3 on more than one occasion he bad laid those reports before this committee. There was a great advan tage in offers of work of a temporary nature, as they enabled single young men to employ them selves for a time, and yet be within reach when a better state of the cotton trade came. The great difficulty was, as Lord Egerton remarked, the ex pense of transit. He stated thht he had received an offer from Mr. Haig, of Newton, North Wales, for the employment of 20 men for five months, which he hoped to be able to make available. Such offers showed great consideration and would always be gladly received by the committee. Mr. E. ASHWORTH inquired whether, if the whole of the money provided under the new act were borrowed, employment would nct be found thereby for the whole of the operative population not occupied in the cotton trade. It would be bet ter in every sense not to send them away till it was ascertained that there was no work for them at home. In reply to the CHAIRMAN, he said he estimated 4-1- days' work in the mills from January next. The CHAIRMAN thought it highly important that the facts detailed in the conversation should be made public, particularly as they might tend to reconcile an apparent inconsistency with which the manufacturer; had been charged—namely that o endeavouring to prevent the people to disperse to other districts, at the same time that they made the most dismal statements regarding the present state of things. After a little further conversation the subject dropped. The MAYOR of MANCHESTER said that in all probability Manchester would make application for £lOO,OOO under the Public Works Act. The cor poration were most anxious to follow out the inten tions of Parliament, and assist in finding employ ment for the distressed population. THE MOORS. PERTIISHIRE.—The greater part of the Perthshire moors have now been opened and tested, and from the reports re ceived the sport generally appears to have been excellent on all the principal shooting grounds of the country. The wea • ther since the season opened has upon the whole been highly propitious for shooting, and sportsmen have in many places n secured good bags of grouse and other game daily. I the Killin district, Sir Samuel Morton Peto, and party, bagged at Auchlyne on the 12th 20i brace of grouse. On the Glenlochy range, Sir Edmund Filmer and party shot 511 brace grouse. The Earl of Wemyss and party killed at Auchmore 73 brace of grouse, and on all the days the sportsmen were out since they have enjoyed good shooting. On the 12th and 12th, Mr. Cook and another gun bagged on the Straloch and Baledumna moors 1061 brace of grouse. Col. Dewar shA on the 17th, on the hill of Balna killy, 20 brace of grouse, Sir Patrick Keith Murray, Bart., of Ochtertyre, and party, killed at Foulis Wester, on the 18th, 27 brace of grouse, and on the 19th 37 brace of grouse. On the 20th the party had an excellent day's cover shoot ing. Messrs. Lumsden and Muir shot on the hill of Glen turret on the 17th 421 brace of grouse, and on the 19th 40 brace of grouse. Sir Hugh Hume Campbell, Bart., bagged on the hill of Monzie on the 19th and 20th, in the course of of a few hours each day, 45 brace of grouse. On the Ran noch moors grouse are pretty numerous, and good bags have been made, but the birds are not so strong as in some other districts of the county. On the Ochil range, grouse are not plentiful, and the numbers killed are but few com pared with other districts of the shire. Blackcock shooting commenced on Thursday the 20th, and it appears that the birds are not so numerous as last year, but are in a forward state and in fine condition. On the moors of Drummond Castle, belonging to the Right Hon. Lord Wil loughby, the following bsgs were secured the last few days : On the 16th, Earl Sefton killed 33 brace of grouse, Col. Tyrwhitt 42 brace, and the Hon. G. Heathcote, M.P., 301 brace of grouse. On the 17th, Earl Sefton shot 41 brace of grouse, Col. Tyrwhitt 43 brace, and the Hon. G. Heathcote one stag. On the 18 th, Earl Sefton bagged 32 brace of grouse, Col. Tyrwh.ghiititouNbbryackeillaneddatthse t H ob o h n a . li, G . on H t e h a e th Tay, cote two stags. Lord WI on Saturday last, a fine salmon, which weighed 191 b. THE NORTH.--The moors throughout the north have been now well tested, and have not been found wanting. North of the line of the Caledonian Canal birds are more numerous and in better condition than usual. Morayshire is also above an average ; but the straths lying between the two districts, Strathdearn, Strathnairn, Stratherrick, and the upper parts of Strathspey, have suffered considerably from disease. In these districts the scarcity of birds is felt almost exclusively in the high grounds, and on these it is irregular, large moors being in some cases passed over, while those on each aide of them are scant of game. The forests are everywhere satisfactory—the deer heavy, and the antlers well formed. In at least one instance a head, which has been sent to Mr. Snowie for preservation, has been clear of velvet fully a fortnight earlier than usual. The following are notes of sport throughout the north :—On the moors of Garber, 65 Castle Leod, on the 13th, W. F. Webb, Esq., of Fodderty, , bagged to his own gun the extraordinary number of 101 grouse and threee!" M.P.' bra ce of grouse, 1 snipe, and 18 hares ; and on the 18th, at the same gent) , brace ß of grouse' nd one hare. On Friday, E. i e' A Leathern, and Mr. Fenton, shot 23 brace of Cdul Cottge, gentlemen, hares on Alness moors; and on Monday , accompanied by Edward Tow, Esq., heavy showers of rainwith‘tanding birds and 4 hare s , 18,8,'t b a gged, 29 brace to his own gu . n. On in a few hours, 51 brace of a very high wind and the 18th, too, Mr. Fenton had plentiiul, though rather In this district the birds are very wild, and on the 12th, Cap and heavy bags might be made if such were desired. At a a r t e te r r e reported te d to 13(') . 3 4 brace of grouse. H tai e n re F t o h x e shot,birds six birds d g°ux, R. Tennant, shot two Lovat On the 13th, while shooting on Int very flue condition. Esq., succeeded in killing seven in two shots, right and left. :l e o; a covey of birds fell, and at the second four. On the 12th ra L and party bagged 163 brace of grouse on Beaufortra moors ' a nd on the 14th Lord Lovat and the lion. H. Frase r suc ceeded in kil lin g 43 brace. James Merry, Esq., Benadruta on the 12th, bagg ed 25 brace. On the same ady at Guida: chan, E. 1N larjoribanks, jun., Esq., killed 45 brace o f grouse, 1 woodcock, and 12 hares ; and Francis Palmer Esq., killed 35 brace of birds at Lochletter. On the 13th, at A.lladale, Major Clowos and John Clowo, Esq., bagged THE SUN, LON.D 52brace'of grouse in seven hours. Capt. H. Amory killed 31 brace at Glenmoriston on the 12th. The same day, Messrs. Wilson, Dalcombie, shot 12 brace ; on the 13th, 11 brace ; and on the 14th, 17 brace of birds. At Inverernie, on the 13th, Compton Ferrers, Esq., and Mr. Coxon, bagged 261 brace and 3 hares ; the weather was very rough. On the 15th, at Faillie, the same gentlemen shot 291 brace of grouse, 3 snipes, 3 wildfowl, and 3 hares. The grouse here are very plentiful on the low ground, but very scarce on the heights. Two days afterwards Mr. Fer rers and Mr. Coxon visited Faillie and Gask, and bagged 411 brace of grouse, 2 snipes, and 3 hares. On the high grounds of these moors there is disease. The Messrs. Elles have had good sport at Easter Kyllachy ; on the 13th they had 121; on the 14th, 12; on the 15th, 6; and on the 17th, 331 brace of grouse. On the 12th, at Bridge Park, Capt. Cameron of the 92d High• landers, D. Cameron , Esq., of Clunes, and Master Allan Cameron, Clunes, bagged 32 brace; the birds were very strong and healthy, and more numerous than last year Horatio Ross, Esq., of Glendibidale, on the 12th, shot 311 brace ; and on the same moors, the following day, Horatio Ross, jun., Esq., bagged 14 brace in an hour and a half. All these birds were well grown, and with few exceptions quite healthy. On the 12th, Mr. Miles and Mr. Bayley, at Corrybrough, shot 221 brace of birds, and the same day, at Wester Aberchalder, Mr. Masson bagged 121 brace of grouse. 4 hares, and 2 rabbits in a few hours. In five days, at Dunmaglass, John Bulteel, Esq., and J. Hartman, Esq., have bagged 200 brace. The birds are very wild, and a number have been found dead from disease. At Skil:l , , on the 12th, George Dempster, Esq., and Seaforth killed 30 brace, and Sir K. Mackenzie, Bart., and Henry Reeve, 10 brace ; on the same day, at Coulmony, Captain Hart and I Mr. Barton bagged 151 brace of grouse and 1 hare, and on the following day 10 brace of birds. In four days, on the moors of Moy Hall, F. G. Dalgetty, Esq., Mr. Fortescue, and Captain Malloch shot 125 brace of grouse, 6 snipes, 6 wildfowl, and 30 hares. The coveys are very wild and scarce, from disease. From the 12th down to this date, the Messrs. Leigh have bagged at Strathconon 204 brace of grouse, 2 woodcocks, and 10 hares. The birds are strong and wild, but there are signs of disease. Mr. Strachan has made the following bags at Daviot—viz., on the 12th, 71 ; on the 13th, fii; on the 14th, 104 ; and on the 17th, 61 brace.—lnverness Courier. MIDDLESEX SESSIONS-Aug. 24. The August adjourned General Sessions of the Peace for the County of Middlesex commenced this morning at the Sessiens House, Clerkenwell-green, before Mr. Sergeant Gazelee (who presided for the Assistant-Judge.) Charles M. Kinnell, 28, described as a merchant, was indicted for stealing 15 sewing-machines, the property of Richard Brickweod Coltman. Mr. Besley conducted the prosecution; the prisoner was defended by Mr. Metcalfe. Mr. Bosley, in opening the case, said it was one of steal ing a considerable quantity of sewing-machines from the prosecutor, under circumstances of a somewhat peculiar character. The prisoner had, by false statements and re presentations, obtained these machines from the prosecutor, and instead of using them for the purposes he stated they were for, immediately he got them into his possession he pawned them for a mere trifle. He then called The prosecutor, who stated that ha was a sewing-machine maker, at 24, Brewer-street In May last he knew the pri soner, and supplied him with 12 sewing-machines, the price of which was £3O, to be paid by a bill. In June he came to him, and expressed his surprise that his credit should be doubted, as he had an account at the Bank of England, and also one at the London and Westminster Bank. He said he should not like to have two sorts of machines, and would, therefore, prefer to have them taken from him ; he declined the offer to supply them. On the (24th or 26th of June he called again, and said he was very full of work, and had got a contract to do all Messrs. Cope stake, Crampton, Moor, and Co.'s work, that he had a place of business in Bunhill•row, where he should work for the performance of the contract, and that he had a number of girls at work, and took them to learn the art of working at the machines, at from 12s. 6d. each to 15s. each. He also said he had another place of work at Kingsland, and he should require 15 more machines as the means of carrying out his contract. Believing his statement to be true, he said he would let him have them, but not upon credit; but as he knew Messrs. Copestake and Co. to be a very eminent firm, and he having given what seemed to be a very good reason, that his object was legitimate, he consented to execute the order. The machines were delivered to him, and a day or two afterwards they were delivered at his plaee of business, 82, Gracechurch-street, by his direc tion. He called at that place by appointment, but the ap• pointment was not kept, and he called there from time to time, but could not find him, but at last he found him at a publichouse and asked for payment, and he promised to pay the following week. He afterwards went to Messrs. Cope stakeußcpkneehsrait ania a sc erta i ne d knde o C awß o nt ba a Cte n Hr ot d the. s t e h , apenp p r is o ner afterwardsws ttoohnn pawn b r o kers , o e hkh a esea d arhd d swa r , ndeasos and contract n enhp lteo ß arfrac u etec nh cht oeewifi received ilet-adhr machines a w bne. businessseuss H tr ias6n e t. out of the last 15, but never received a farthing from the prisoner. In cross-examination the prosecutor said he had an agent, to whom he had paid £lOO commission for bad debts—no commission on good debts, for he received none. He was at. home in Brewer-street on the day the prisoner called in June and saw and spoke to the prisoner on that day. Was not aware that Copes tak e's put out their work, and that it was sub-let to be done, as they had a factory of their own. There was a man named Parker, but he had not said to him that he would have his money in a criminal if not in. a civil court, Parker owed him £250. He entertained a most deadly hatred towards the prisoner, who in collusion with others had so hoodwinked him, and he would admit he was to blame for allowing them to do so, as he had to put his affairs in the Court of Bankruptcy. Re - examined—Made no inquiry until the prisoner had got the machines. He had pupils to teach them the use of the machine about 100 a-year, and never had but one com plaint, and he at once returned the money. The debts were £1,400, and that was for bad debts contracted by his agent, the prisoner, and other swindlers, a lot of them. The learned Judge asked what he had previously known of the prisoner as to induce him to enter into these dealings. Witness said nothing, but he knew now that he had been in prison. The machines were sold for cash, and he was to have been paid by bill. In further examination, the prosecutor gave his answers in a rather confused manner, which he attributed to illness. He never paid him anything on account of the machines hut at a public-house he borrowed ss. to lend him to pay for a cab, as he was short of cash. That was not on account of the machines. Prisoner said he would pay him out of the contract he had with Copestake and Company, and that statement, and that about his place in Bunhill- row, alone induced him to let him have the goods. The wife of the prosecutor was then examined, and bore out his evidence as to the understanding entered into be tween her husband and the prisoner as to the sale of the machines. Helen Coltman, daughter of the prosecutor, said that on the 29th of June the prisoner called and inquired why the machines had not been delivered, and they were delivered subsequently. It was then proved that the prisoner employed a porter to take some sewing-machines to a pawnbroker's, in Old street, where he left them, and was paid by the prisoner; and the witless said he could not say whether there was a warehouse at the back of the shop. The pawnbroker's assistants produced tickets of the machines, which it seemed were pawned soon after they were obtained. Three were pawned on the 7th of July for £7 ss. The prisoner gave his real name, and the address, 82, Gracechurch-street. The other pawnings were proved. A gentleman from the firm of Copestake and Company proved that the prisoner never had any contract with them, either direct or indirect, but stated that they did put work out occasionally. Thomas Hubersty, called upon Vine-street Station, took the prisoner into custody there from another officer. Prisoner said he had bought the things of Mr. Coltman. On m th o e n ti t m ri e fl his person he found a number of duplicates relating to com tinhgesaormticaolehsipnawnweedrefoorbstmaianlelds.ums, and dated about contended that this no doubtprosecution which the prosecutor hadT the jury in ave • ables h Mr. Metcalfe then addressed es The by candidlyth a that feeling was confessed on o e f b r3 de o o f a dl entertained h vindictive e a e tr c e d and e and learnedcom plainedc o unse counsel thatpo feeling, prompted not been called as the other per towards the prisoner.i a n toh t n e e d w ohuot prosecu tor's dis crepanciesad in the evidence , agent had thing i e n n g f 0 ralludeda bankrupt,t o , who ntoexplainhis debts, proved that inquiries were made before the goods were delivered . It was no uncommon to say that he had been the dupe swindlers . They were not called, but a prosecution was set in motion to shut their mouths, as they could break up the whole story. sub stantial answer to this was, that a contract w ith TteeCopestake and Co. was never mentioned at the time, a sr n s d . he submitted there was not a tittle of evidence to support a could i wshpeeneht ca o a r l charge of felony. The learned Judge having carefully summed, the jury, after a short deliberation, found the prisoner guilty. C. Adams, police-constable, City Police, proved a former conviction against him for burglary on which he was sen tenced to 12 calendar months. The learned Judge said the prisoner was a person dan gerous to society. He had h ad one warning, and roust now be kept in penal servitude for three years. Frederick White, 32, described as a tailor, was indicted for stealing a £2O Bank of England note, and other securities for money, the property of John M‘Hugh. The prisoner pleaded guilty. Mr. F. H. Lewis, for the prisoner, said he would at once admit the fact, for it was indisputable, that he had been pre viously convicted and sentenced, once to seven years' trans portation, and once to six years' penal servitude, besides other minor punishments. On his last conviction he w as and h while sent to Gibraltar, and while there. being a practical tailor , he in vente d and made revers ib le trousers, for w hi c h, when and w r ad u catue to England, he wished to take out a patent, but he the means, and through assistance rendered to him by Aid Society they were exhibited in the Grea Exhibition, prisoner building nerasan exhibitor acted dr hadas an a in fr te ee rp a r d e : mission, N, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 25, 1863. ter. Information was, however, sent to the commissioners, and they ordered him to be discharged from the Exhibition altogether. He endeavoured to procure employment but could not, as wherever he went it was bruited about that he was a returned convict, and at length he had no alternative but to return to a course of crime. It was with him a matter of necessity not of choice,and it was hoped that his lordship would see reason to give him another chance. The officer of the House of Correction,C. B. Fields, in at tendance, proved that the prisoner had 3 months in 1849, and 6 months in 1850. In 1850, too, he was tried and ac quitted, and besides there was no doubt h 3 had 18 months, but that could not be clearly madeout. Sergeant Holmes, F, stated that the prisoner was sen tenced in this court, in 1852, to 7 years' transportation,and in 1856 to 6 years';servitude. Mr. Orridge said, as allusion had been made to the Coln mi3sioners with respect to their dismissing such a person as the prisoner from their building, a man who had been twice sentenced to severo terms of punishment, it was only an act due to themselves and the public. The facts were these :- 3. Huggett, the City detective, was on duty at the Bank of England, when the prisoner was pointed out to him as a person who had presented for payment a £2O note which had been:stopped ;:and on being questioned about it,he said he was a bullion dealer, in King-street, Soho, and that he had given full value for the note in Prussian thalers. The officer then said he should take him into custody to King-street, and upon hearing that the prisoner said that it would be of no use, as he did not live in Soho. He said to the officer, "You had better take the £2O, and let me go. I'll walk beside you, and can get away quietly. and you need take no notice of it; make your own bargain." Huggett said he should do nothing of the kind, and the prisoner then pulled out of his pocket and handed to him a bag, saying, " Well, then, take that." It contained £l2O stock. The statement that he lived in King-street was false, and he refused to give a correct address. The prosecutor was a skin dealer in Crown-court, Soho, and on the eveningof Wednesday week he had a large amount of money in notes, £3lO, with him. He got drunk and was robbed. He got a cheque for that amount cashed at the bank in April, and it was supposed that the prisoner and some of his companions having ascer tained that he carried this money with him took the oppor tunity afforded by his being drunk to rob him. Mr. Lewis said a great part of the property had been re covered. . Huggett—There's about £220 missing, The learned Judge said the Exhibition Commissioners in his opinion did quite right in refusing to allow a person of the prisoner's character to continue in the Exhibition, after they became aware of what that character was. The prisoner begged for another chance. Ha would have worked honestly and hard for his living, but he could not get employment as it was always "put about" that he had been transported. Lockyer, the gaol officer, said the prisoner was a tailor by trade, and a very excellent workman he was. The learned Judge said the Court had well considered the whole of the circumstances brought under its notice, and the sentence upon him was that he be kept in penal servi tude for the term of four years. John Thomas, 30, labourer, was indicted for embezzling 17s. 6d., the money of Wm. Howard, his master. The prisoner pleaded guilty, and was sentenced to nine months hard labour. Several cases of embezzlement were disposed of in which various punishments were awarded, and it was remarked that such offences were on the increase, and his lordship said they were very serious, and would be punished accordingly. Walter Florence, 30, was indicted for feloniously break ing and entering a certain warehouse with intent to steal certain property therein. The prosecutors were Messrs. Bramston and Co., water proofers, of York-road, King's-cross, and the prisoner was found in their warehouse, having got through a window, the shutter of which was bat partly up, and the window glass broken. The Jury found him Guilty, and he was then charged with two former convictions. Sergeant Gould, 40 N, proved that the prisoner had been sentenced to four and six years' penal servitude. The prisoner said it was false; he never had the four years at all. The officer said that the prisoner persisted in that denial before the raagistrate and in consequence he had caused the warder who had him in charge to be in attendance. The prisoner was then in the name of Charles Flate, but his real name was Charles Dent. Thos. Charlesworth, the warder, was then called. He said the prisoner was received into Pentonvillo from Mill bank, and he was there under his charge some months, and he had good reason to know it. The prisoner still denied the conviction. The warder said that there was a mark on one of the pri soner's arms—an indelible one, he believed —and if the pri soner was the man, the mark would be his real name, which was Charles Dent. _ . The prisoner evinced no inclination to bare his arm, and said nothing further. The learned Judge sentenced the prisoner to six years' penal servitude. (Before 1k 1 ;. Pa y ne.) Wm. Holmes S umn er, 43, clerk , was indicted for fraudu lently obtaini n g, by false pretences, the sum of Is. from Robert Chambers, the sum of ss. from Charles K. Wild, and the sum of os. r from Robert Marnoch, with intent to de fraud them of the said sums ; also endeavouring, by a false pretence, to obtain m one y from Robert Prance, with intent to defraud him of th e same. The prisoner pleaded Guilty to the whole of the indict ments. Mr. Ue appearednw n on a ppeared for the prosecution, and stated behalf the Metropolitan Drinki ng Fountains Associatio n, u p on which a number of f rauds had bee; committed by th e p risoner and other p erso ns , by going e rdo about to different gentlemen representing that they were authorised to receive subscriptions on behalf of the Drinking Fountains Association. In many cases they had succeeded, but he wished it to be made known that no person, with the exception of the secretary and one clerk, holding the autho rity of the secretary, was authorised to receive a ny subscrip tions on the part of the association. James Fryer, officer of the Mendicity Society, said the prisoner bad made application to a Miss P or t er f or subscrip tions. He petitioned the society last February for relief. Mr. Prance, a ma gistrate, said his servant brought a mes sage to him intimating that prisoner had come f rom clergyman in the district soliciting subscriptions on b e h a lf of the Drinking Fountains Association. He mentioned the name of a Mr. Dixon, but knowing that gentleman was out of town he made some further inquiries. H e h ad his sus picions aroused, an d told prisoner that if he would accom pany him to the police station and ther e ma k e hi s statement clear he would'then subscribe to the list he presented, Upon going outside he mentioned at the sam e ti me th e name o f a no ther gentleman as having sent him, whom he (Mr. Prance) knew had been confined to hi s b e d f or many wee k s They walked a short distance, when the prisoner stopped and made a dash at the pocket of witness, in which he had placed the poc ket -book containin g th e diff eren t en t r i es . A scuffle ensued, and witness got the prisoner down upon the pavement and called oat to his servants, who came to his assistance. After some delay the prisoner was conveyed to the station-house. The book was produced, in which there were entries of subscriptions for £l3 odd to the Drinking Fountains Asso ciation, and the prisoner remarked that they were all ficti tious and in his own handwriting. Inspector Webb, S division, said he had been engaged in making inquiries in reference to this case, and with respect to the entries in the book, he said there were a number of entries that formed no part of the present indictment. He enumerated several sums set down in the book as subscrip tions, and these were all found to be fictitious. A Miss Robins identified the prisoner as having received money from her, and the secretary would also state that during the last two months £22 Bs. had been received by the prisoner on account of the association, not one farthing of which had been accounted for. Mr. John Lee, secretary to the Drinking Fountains As sociation, said the prisoner had formerly been in their ser vice, but had left about 18 mouths. He had no authority to receive these sums, and he was aware that for some time past frauds of this nature had been carried on to a very large extent. Inspector Webb said that while the prisoner was with a former employer he was in the habit of writing begging letters. Mr. Payne said that while the prisoner was in the employ of the association he had taken advantage of the position he was in to rob the institution. The prisoner seemed to be very bad, for he endeavoured, in the first instance, to obtain money by fraudulent pretences from Mr. Prance, and then endeavour to rob him of a book. The prisoner entreated the mercy of the Court on account of his nine children—from twelve years down to a baby eleven months old. Mr. Payne sentenced him to be imprisoned and kept to hard labour in the House of Correcticn for twelve calendar months. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Horniman's pure Tea ; very choice at 3s. 4d. and 4s. " High Standard "at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every town supply it in packets. ADVERTISEMENT.]—Avoid medicines: they always aggra vate chronic complaints, but Du Barry's Delicious Health Restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, which saves fifty times its cost in other remedies, invariably cures them, restoring perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, healthy liver, pure blood, refreshing sleep, functional regularity, and energy to the most disorde re d or enfeebled. We extract a few out of 60,000 Cure s : —C ure No. 58,216 of the Marchioness dea Bran, Paris, of a l i ver co mplaint, wasting away for seve n years, debility, with a nervous palpitation all over, bad dig es tion, constant s l eep l essn ess, the most intolerable nerv ous agitation, and dre a df u lly l o w spirited.—Cure No. 1,771. Lora Stuart de Decies, Lord Lieut. of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia.—No. 49,832. "Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting.—Maria Jolly." —Cure No. 16,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley, Surr e y , of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derange. ment, and partial deafness.—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.— Cure No. 54,816. The Rev. Jas. T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, " of indigestion and torpi. dity or the liver, which had resiste all medical treatment." In tins, 1 lb., 2s. 9d. ; 21b., 4s. 8d ; 51b., lls. ; 121 b., 225. ; !41b 40s. —Barry Du Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London ; also Fortnum and Mason ; and all Grocers and Chemists in every town of the United Kingdom. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. SATURDAY REVIEW.—The brilliant assembly at Frankfort has had all the success that might have been expected. Its remoter political consequences cannot be well estimated, but every one is alive to the splendour of the pageant, to the interest excited by so large a gathering of crowned heads, and to the hopes awakened by a liberal and courageous Emperor of Austria solemnly imploring Germany to become, under his auspices, united, powerful, and free. The meeting has been made more harmonious, it less complete, by the absence of Kle King of Prussia; and tho readiness which almost every other German Prince has displayed to obey the summons of the Emperor proves at once the influ ence of Austria and the general persuasion of Ger man Sovereigns that the Federal Government is something too ridiculous, too lifeless, and too impotent even for Germany. Nor is it easy to see what step could have been taken more likely to lead to real reform. It is true that the political change which has come over Austria is still recent, and the statesmen of Vienna can scarcely be prepared to agree to all that the national party asks for. But there must be a beginning; and it is a great advantage that there should be a basis of conciliation and agreement between the princes of Germany and the leaders of reform. The Congress that has assembled under the presidency of the Emperor will not have finished its sitting before a very different assembly meets at Frankfort, and the leaders of the party that has proclaimed National Union as its watchword will be gathered there to discuss their policy, arrange their plans, and promulgate their opinions. There is every reason to suppose that they represent the convic tions and wishes of a large portion of the most honest, patriotic, and sensible Germans; but it mast be as evident to them as it is to the rest of the world that Germany is not at present prepared to go with them if the princes should offer a determined opposition to their efforts. Hitherto they have been able to count on the support of no prince except the Duke of Saxe-Coburg Gotha, and the eagerness with which that most persevering and ardent of German reformers has favoured the present assemblage of princes may be taken as a proof of his conviction that the cause he has so much at heart will be promoted by the sovereigns meeting the reformers half-way. Had the Emperor of Austria continued to walk in the old ways of Vienna statesmanship, and resisted the movement for national union, nothing but a general revolution, or the convulsion of war, could have brought about such a change as the Liberals desire. The step taken by the Emperor off e rs an opportu nity for attaining a reform that shall be peaceable instead of violent, and gradual instead of sudden. It is equally obvious that the course taken by the Emperor is far preferable to that said to be advo cated by Prussia. The Cabinet of Berlin affects to ground its unwillingness to join in the present movement on the plea that the changes to be pro posed ought first to have been decided on by Pleni potentiaries from the chief German States. No good could have come from a meeting of this kind, which would not have been acted en by public opinion, which would not have been under the eye of Germany and Europe,and which would only have been a battle -field for the sterile contests of Aus- trim and Prussian jealousy. The Emperor, by this formal and public gathering of Princes, and by announcing the necessity of a more free and power ful political system, has given much more tangible and trustworthy hopes of reform. A step has been taken from which it would not be easy to re cede; and if Austria has the honour of taking it alone, that is entirely the fault of Prussia. TIMES.—Few persons anticipated two years ago that the consumption of men would create an earlier difficulty i❑ the American War tha❑ the consump- tion of money. Such, however, is the fact. The Federal States have incurred without a murmur a debt of which the annual charge is little less than tact of the public debt of Great Britain- They are living upon a paper currency, and if they have not as yet paid many taxes they have at any rate con sented to the imposition of heavy taxation. But the financial aspect of the war appears to have given them very little concern. Mr. Chase manages the money-market with great dex- terity - , and as there' is no difficulty at present there is but slight anxiety for the future. Far different, however, is the case with the supply of men. Su prodigal has been the expenditure of life tin both sides, but especially on the part of the North, that the most desperate expedients are now required for the reinforcement of the armies in the field. Volunteering, Mr. Lincoln himself tells us, is " palpably exhausted," recruits are no longer to be purchased by bounties, and at length a nation which prided itself, above all things, on the military orga nisation of its willing and indepsndent citizens finds itself reduced, is the third pear of a war, to the ne cessity of a conseri2tion. So urgent, in fact are the needs of the State that the President cannot wait till the arrangements for the draught are properly completed. The Governor of New York writes to him, with a statement demonstrating the unfai r and partial operation of the projected levy in certain districts under his authority. Mr. Lincoln cannot deny that the figures show something wrong ; but he answers that he has no time to rectify them. He will do the best that he can by and bye, but at present the men must be pressed, enrolled, and sent off to the depots without delay. He does not pretend to deny that even the draught itself may be of questionable legality; but that point, too, must be left for future decision. At this moment he must have the men. These confessed necessities of the Federals contrast somewhat strangely with the boasts of inexhaustible re sources in which they have indulged, but we can not be surprised at the results. Never, we presume, in the history of civilised nations were men so rapidly consumed as in this civil war. Volunteering was not "exhausted" prematurely. Mr. Lincoln's calls since the spring of 1861 have certainly exceeded one million men. He began with 70,000; he rose pre sently to 700,000; and at very short intervals the de mands ware repeated. Unless, indeed, we assume that one man out of every two in the Federal armies has been killed or wounded, we must raise the aggre gate amount of their levies to numbers even greater than we have suggested; for it seems to be beyond question that half a million men, at least, have been placed hors de combat since the war began. In the intercepted correspondence of the Confederates which was brought before our Government by the Federal authorities themselves the losses of the North are estimated at 349,500. But this was twelve months ago, and all the carnage of Chancel lorsville and Gettysburg, to say nothing of the incessant drain at Vicksburg, Port Hudson, Charles ton, and many other points, has to be brought to account. Less than 500,000 the total can hardly be, and that, indeed, was the ccmputation of our correspondent in the South some six months ago. The losses of the Confederates, even at that period, were supposed to be 200,000, so that three quarters of a million would be the lowest estimate of the whole consumption. To form an adequate idea of this prodigious drain let the reader remember our own position in the Crimean war. The comparison will be all the easier ecause the available resources of the two countries are exactly alike. The United Kingdom contains a population, as nearly as possible equivalent to that of the Northern and Southern States together—blacks included, so that we had as good a stock to draw upon as the Americans have had. Our army before Sebas topol was never, at any one time, 50,000 strong, and yet the 27,000 casualties in that force were enough to throw England into mourning and to reduce the standard of the army for some time. What would have been the case if ten or twenty times that force had been in the field ? What would have happened if 750,000 British soldiers bad been killed or wounded in two years of war P At this rate of consumption the American War will soon literally become what so me o f its. That pro motersr desire—a war of extermination hat p hrase is a mere hyperbole in European stories, but it will express only the bare truth in America. President Lincoln alleges, as his reason for preci pitating the draught in New York, that President Davis is " driving eve r y able-bodied man he can ' meet into his ranks," end it is now reported that the South, like the North,is d enrolling and arming negroes. We cannot wonder however much we maywlam er at the resolution, lament it. At the begin ning of the war th e whole ewhite population of States could hardly the Southern have contained more than 1,000,000 or 1, 200 000 men of fight ing age. How many deductions must be made even from these figures before an effective total can be reached we need not say, and yet the South must have already r a i se d at least 500,000 or 609,000 men, of whom 250,000 have fallen. The negroes in the South are just halfabouttas numerous as the whites, so that this expedient will add 50 per cent. to their resources. It shows, however, the desperate nature of the stru gg l e when we see such a measure adopted. Nothing but the very sternest resolution and direst reed would have driven the Confederates to this extremity. They are as ready as the Federals to accept "the bitter end." The North vows that if the South will not submit every Southerner shall be slain ; the South answers that rather than sub mit every Southerner will die. We have not laid much stress on those imports of men from Europe of which the North has had the advantage, but the aid from this source cannot have been inconsidera ble. Germans and Irish have been poured into New York along with cannon, rifles, sabres, and stores. Emigration from the Old World has actually received a strong impulse under the attractions of the war. The Germans, trained soldiers already, accept war as a promising business, and hope to rise in a service in which military education is rare. The Irish follow the invitations of their kindred to a land of high wages, and are overpowered on their arrival by the allurements of the recruiting ser- of public charity will flow more copiously, there is geant. Still emigration can only have supplied a some risk of the fountains running dry also "in the percentage of the hosts which the North has sent long run." A good word for Pindar and Samuel into the field. The South erners com pl a in with great Gurney seems, therefore, quite in season, especially justice that their country is invaded by foreigners, in this broiling weather. Now, it is some encourage for Irish and Germans have formed a conspicuous meat to find that a remarkably nice peg to hang element in the Federal armies ; but the bulk of these that word on has been supplied by an anonymous must have been naturalised Americans, w ho for all p a tron of th e li mp id stream, in the shape of an offer practical purposes were citizens of the union. It re- of one hundred pounds sterling, if by the middle of mains now to be seen what will come of the last ap- October contributions to the amount of five hun peal—whether the North will endure the conscrip- dred pounds shall come in to meet his donation. tion, and with what spirit the conscripts will fight. Though it is not to be found in the Bible in these In the South the conscription has long been in force, very terms, yet we take it that the offer in question and the last resource of the Confederates i s s h own i n i s a very suitable text to dilate upon in a homily on the enlistment ofnegroes. IntheNorththerehasbeen the advantages of an abundant and gratuitous sup no such trial, and Governor Seymour distinctly ply of pure water to thirsty souls. That the drink intimates to the President his opinion that it i ng f o untains must fall back upon the " voluntary may be too much for the patience of the people. p r i nc iple" for their support seems tolerably evident. "I do not dwell," says he," on what I believe would To charge them upon the Consolidated Fund is be the consequence of a violent, harsh policy before altogether out of the question. Whatever Mr. the constitutionality of the Act is tested. You can Gladstone, the philanthropist, may think of the scan the immediate future as well as I." These are movement, it is clear that the Chancellor of the Ex ominous words, and they are applied to a State chequer cannot do otherwise than frown upon it. which has hitherto been eminently zealous in sup- To him the growth of habits of sobriety among the plying men for the war. We shall soon learn which people is an object of deep concern in an inverse of the two is right—Governor Seymour in his de- ratio from what it is to the moralist. And if the effect precations of the measure, or President Lincoln in of the drinking fountains upon the revenue should his determination to enforce it at all hazards; but happen to attract his notice, the association may the very occurrence of the difficulty shows the think itself lucky if he does not clap a stamp upon the straits to which the Government is reduced, goblets, and compel it to take out a drinking license Hitherto the Federals have endured everything for for each fountain. To the benevolent public, there the sake of the war ; but they are now called upon fore, to those who hailed Mr. Gurney's scheme in for a sacrifice which it is not yet certain they will the first instance, and to those who received it with consent to make. a benevolent smile, the appeal must be made. It is HERALD.—There is one aspect of the Polish in- scarcely conceivable that this appeal should be made surrection which renders it revolting to the civili- in vain ; so numerous, so cogent, so moving are station of Europe and obnoxious to the hopes of the arguments that may be advanced in its support. liberty. Nothing can excuse the assassinations To those who are not to be touched by any but ordered by the Central Committee, and executed by " sensation" pleas, we may be permitted to suggest its agents. Once for all, every Christian people how greatly drinking fountains must tend to di should aloud refuse their sympathy to any move- minish delirium tremens and hydrophobia, as ugly mont working by means of the dagger. No free an alternative as it is possible to hit upon among constitution was ever founded upon murder. We " - the ills that flesh is heir to." To those whom care not what may be the classic examples. They milder persuasives will reach we may point out the belong to a Pagan epoch, in which the act of fact, universally acknowledged, that drunkenness is " lying pungently," as Douglas Jerrold expressed one of the most fruitful causes of crime among the it, was deemed a virtue. No number of illustra- lower orders ; and that, therefore, whatever has a tions can blazon into heroism the secret and cowardly tendency to diminish drunkenness will, pro tanto, shedding of human blood, whether by a fanatic who cause a diminution of crime. Those who look deeper chooses to think himself a patriot, or by a desperate into the sources of human happiness and misery, we emissary, obeying the orders of a sanguinary may remind that much of the wretchedness observ- Vehmgehricht, armed for revolutionary purposes able in the dwellings of the poor, much of the with the stiletto and the cord ; and history will squalor in which their unhappy children are reared, never fulfil its duty until it has made short work is owing to the large amount of money spent by the with these stealthy butchers, and execrated them, labouring class upon fermented liquors, far beyond if not out of human memory, at least out of their the measure of them which may be regarded in the maudlin and immoral fame. We weigh them all in light of wholesome support or beneficial stimulant. the same scale—Ravillac with Charlotte Corday, We are no advocates for teetotalism or the Maine Harmodius with JohnFenton. They are felons from Liquor Law. We should be sorry to take from a first to last. The salient voice of Mr. Wilkie Col- hard-working man his pint, or even his pot, of beer, line's most popular novel was the apology it implied as part of his daily sustenance. What we contend for an act of private retribution adjudged against for is, that his proper allowance of it will do him all Count Fosoo, and inflicted upon him by a ghostly the more good if he learns to restrict his use of it to stabber at midnight on the banks of the Seine. The a reasonable quantity at meal time, and beyond that feeling of Englishmen recoils from the practice, no to quench his thirst with a drink of pure water. matter how extenuated. Recapitulate the old Others, again, who think less of the improvement, sophisms in its behalf, and still the wickedness, and care more for the comfort of their fellow-crea the depravity, and the cowardice of the deed remain tares, may be asked to consider what a boon a drink untouched. A tyrant may, perhaps, stand above of fresh, pure water, always accessible, is to the the reach of the law which he creates and admi- multitudes of men, women, and children who throng nisters ; its provisions ought to apply to him as to our thoroughfares. They may be asked to extend others ; but no individual subject has a right to be their sympathies to the brute creation, and to share come the trustee of Divine justice, and pass a son- the pleasurable sensations of the horses and dogs, tence of death to be carried, out in the dark by the to whom the trough of the drinking fountain proves stroke of a slaughterers knife. We are not, thank a Castalian spring. Are all these delectable emotions Heaven, a nation of Scatvolas. We never were in of human and animal sympathy to be enjoyed for the worst days gone by. There was in Englar.d, nothing ? Fie upon such selfishness! Let those when the plot of the Rue Repelletier exploded in a who feel their heart warmed by the thought of shower of murderous grenades at an opera door, a thousands of throats seasonably, innocently, and party bitterly hostile to the French Emperor; but gratuitously cooled in this hot weather transmit to the credit of manitind be it said, that not a re- their tribute of sympathy in the shape of a sove spectable organ of the English press suggested any reign, a five-shilling piece, or a dozen postage justification of Orsini and his infamous confederates. stamps, to the office of the Drinking Fountain Asso- These mysterious tribunals, which send men to their ciation, at 4, Church-court, Lombard -street, in the coffins by verdicts pronounced in the vaults of re- consciousness that he has done a good deed. morseless conspiracy, are abominable violations of right, and no perversion of argument upon ethics or equity can by any possibility raise them above the level of the most coarse and common murder. The Marshal of the Nobility of Wilna, within the com pass of the fluctuating Polish insurrection, has just been stabbed, under a condemnation of the Central Committee, or subterranean government of the in surgents, for having signed the address of the local nobility to the Czar. His footman was wounded at the same time—it is feared mortally. This is not the first instance, by scores upon scores, of poll tical assassinations by command of the invisible authority whose decrees convulse Poland, and which employ not only an incendiary, a tax-gatherer, and a trumpeter of revolt, but an executioner also. We put it to the respectable representatives of the Polish emigration in London and in Paris, whether they ap prove of these bloody and pusillanimous edicts. Do they authorise them? Will they not repudiate and scout them utterly ? If they hope to consecrate assas sination as a political necessity, where is the limit to be found ? If the secret stabbings in the forests of Wilna be legitimate, so, possibly. might have been the secret poisonings of the Borgias. We can not draw any line between one class of murders and another, or stamp one set of weapons as nefarious and another as heroic. A poignard hidden under a cloak, and driven into the heart of a surprised and unsuspecting wayfarer or slumberer, is no less de testable and despicable than a phial of Tophana's distilling or a nosegay doctored by Caraffa. There is horror in the racks, pulleys, thumbscrews, scourges, scaffolds, blocks, and gibbets of despotism ; there is terror in the Siberian mine or the oubliette of the Bastille. We may abhor these institutions, and desire that our fellow-creatures in no part of the world shall long be subject to the caprices and cruelties of irresponsible rulers or their more merci teas agents; but the lineage of Cain can never be the liberators of Europe. Intrepid rebellion and open battle may be pleaded for as the last resources of a people made desperate by the misdoings of their rulers ; but when patriotism assumes the black mask, lurks in a dark archway, and steals furtively forth to deal safely the blow which is to fulfil the sentence of judges securely ensconced abroad, it be comes 3 crime, an imposture, and a reproach to the cause which it scandalizes and degrades. When Machiavelli recounted the wickedness of Agathocles, of Oliverotto di Fermo, and of Crease Borgia, he concluded by declaring that their punishment to be salutary, could only have been legal. The Nemesis that lies in the poisoned chalice, or skulks beneath the assassin's hood, is not more moral than the spolia tion of a miser or a burglary in the dwelling of a notorious reprobate. Let the Poles be well assured that their Central Committee will only concentrate upon itself the hatred and disgust of Liberal Europe by this mystic dooming to death of men whose acts are offensive to their nationality. Italy gained nothing when " Italian chocolate" was in fashion ; and the ablest writers even of the revolutionary party in France have admitted that her freedom was not advanced,by one step, but rather retarded, by the tremendous deeds which, just before the Revolution, were confessed amid the agonies of the Chambre Ardente. All high-minded Frenchmen despise Cantillon, as all high-minded Germans were anxious to give up to the grasp of the law the miser able murderer of Latour, and as every Italian worthy of the name regrets the slaughter of Rossi at Rome. The massacre of an individual by a mob, or its deputy, is absolutely not more to be justified, upon any pretence whatever, than the firing upon an unarmed multitude by a battalion of soldiers. Human right and law unequivocally forbid both. POST.—The principle immortalised by the great Olympic bard— ' A pIiTTOP fLEV acop has taken root amongst us to an extent which could hardly have been hoped for, under the aus pices of Mr. Samuel Gurney and his " Drinking Fountain Association." When that refreshing scheme was first started by its benevolent author many persons—not less benevolent, it may be, but less sanguine—smiled at the idea of thirsty souls being enticed to pass the " public" or the beershop and to resort to the Pindaric beverage. To the great surprise of the sceptics; to the infinite gra tification of those who take an interest in the phy sical comfort and moral improvement of the popu lation; and to the mortification, possibly, of pub licans and beer-tap keepers, the lower classes of the community took to the novel " tap," and untold gallons of water have been consumed by them in all its native purity, without the adulteration !of either malt or hops. So far the result is highly satisfactory. It is good to see those structures, the " drinking fountains," some of them elegant—for art has not been lost sight of in the erection of all —beset by crowds of customers, many of whom, there can be no doubt, would, but for the oppor tune supply, have quenched their thirst elsewhere, and returned home vs ith their pockets lightened of the price of a pot of beer. Where, moreover, as is the case in many of the suburban fountains espe cially, provision has thoughtfully been made for conducting the overflow of the basin into a trough below, it is pleasing to see many a panting and weary beast " washing out its mouth" on a hot summer's day, and not less pleasing to think that it our dogs go mad at all, it will not be for want of a sufficient supply of water always at their command. 't'hen) is one drawback, however, upon this satis factory result. The drinking fountains have refused to obey the laws of political economy, h av i ng seriously infringed the well known rule of demand and supply. There is a large and increasing demand for additional fountains, which the asso ciation is unable to supply. For even water—to say nothing of the prieae cost of each fountain— cannot be supplied for nothing, especially in large towns where drinking fountains are most wanted. And so it comes to pass that while the water in the fountains of the association is running freely enough, its exchequer is running dry; and unless the vein COUNTRY MARKETS. 1. , GLOUCESTER-Atm. 22. The show of new English wheat to-day was fair, which was sold at a reduction of 2s per qr. Foreign wheat was much pressed, and American fully 2s lower. Beans and oats very dull. Barley unaltered. COLCHESTER—Aua. 22. There was a thin attendance to-day, and the supply of wheat was not excessive; prices must be noted not more than is per qr lower than last week. A few samples of barley on offer, at 32s to 40s per qr. In beans and peas D o change in value. Wheat,[ white. 44s 48s Beans, Mazagan .. 33s 36 6 red ..42s 46s middle & 5ma11.3.58 380 Barley Oats CHELMSFORD-AuG. 21. At this corn exchange to-day there was a fair quantity of new wheat brought in, and in tolerably good condition. Prices may be quoted is to 2s lower. In Spring corn here was no alteration. Wheat, old white 30s 51s new 47s 50s old red 36s 46s new —s -s Barley 28s 36s Chevalier ..28s 40s Grinding 22s 31s Malt. Chevalier . 645. 69s Oats 2os 28s Peas, Partridge 378 40s White 39s 40s Boiling 4os 430 Dun 338 36s Ditto new -8 Beans, Tick, old 34s 3 90 new -8 -- 0 Harrow Ticks 3ss 400 new —s Maza g an KIRKCALDY GRAIN-AUG. 22. To-day we had only a moderate supply of wheat, and small supplies of barley and oats. Previous rates were about maintained. No new grain at market. Wheat. Barley. Oats. Fir5t....338 Od I 24s 6d I 23s Od Second..3Bs Od 29s Od 248 . 0 d Third....--s Od —s Od —s Od COAL h Prioes of Coal per Ton a' s. d. Tanileld Moor 12 6 ranfield Moor Butes l2 6 Eden Main .. 16 3 West Hartley ..16 0 Wylam 16 6 Buddle'sWest Hartley 16 0 Hastings Hartley l6 0 Cowpen Hartley 16 0 North Pelton Gas 13 3 Davison's West Hart ley.. l6 0 Lambert's West Hart ley 16 0 Nettleworth Primrose 12 6 Car way and Duffryn Malting l2 0 Ships at mark, ARK ET. the close of the market. .. d. Grey's West Hartley.. 43 1 Walls End. Haswell ..18 0 Tunstall East Hartlepool 17 9 South Kelloe.. 16 Eleugh H9ll 16 7 Hetton 18 0 South Hetton 18 ,(;/ Stewart's 17 Russel's Hetton 16 Braddyll's Hetton 16 r, Iceiper Grange 16 0 Framwellgate.. l6 „ 0 Kelloe lt, 95 ; sold, 65. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via S ou th ampton. Sept. 19. via Marseilles Sept. 12. Jrazil and Cape Verds, by British packet . Sept. 3. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena Aug. 29. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton. Sept. 1 . via Marseilles ...Aug, 21• Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton Aug. 2 5 ' India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Sept. 1 -- via Marseilles Aug. 27 , India (Bombay), via Southampton AuO via Marseilles Sept.p 4 . Portugal.... Sept. „ a Malta,ggypt, and Aden, via South am pt on Aug. w' via Marseilles Newfoundland Oporto and Vigo (J . S. and British N. America, by by U.S. Brit. packet.... S AA e uu p gg: 11: t. 2 —2 bi Canadian paciel.Aug.' 2 8 ' W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe .. Sept. 10. Bahamas, via New York Mexico " All parts of West Indies, includi ng Chili, Peru, S, 4. ; 8 8, California. and Briti s h Columbia.. Births. Cousurs.—On the 22d inst., at Camden-road Villas, hfrO' Cousins, of a son. FELLOWES.—On the 24th inst., at 48, Upper Harley-A' the wife of Horace Fellowes, Esq., of a son. LoNomA.N.--On the 24th inst., at Balham, the wife of W' C. Longman, Esq., of a son. POLLOCK.—On the 21st inst., at 21, Montague. place,B' sell-kquare, Mrs. Julius Pollock, of a son. Marriages. HALL—REDROITSE.—On the 22d inst. at St. Paul's, Herne ' hill, Dulwi c h , Edward James Hall, of Laurel.ce Pot'' ney place, Cannon-street, and Minoriee, city, to Ano fifth daughter of Joseph Redhouse, of Strawberry-" t Finchley. RUSSEL L — BANYON.—On the 22d inst., at St. Panel: Euston - road, Mr. Edw ar d R usse ll, t o Emily, the cl: daughter of Mr. Thomas Hubert Banyon, Wharton -o'4 Lloyd square. Deaths. BAIN.-- On the 23d inst.,William Bain, Esq., of 20, Alfred' place, W., Thurloe-square, Brompton, aged 53. BURNSIDE.—On the 22d inst.. at the Vicarage, Farnia . ham, Kent, the Rev. A. W. Burnside. CHAMBERLAIN.—On the 22d inst., at his residence, 2 13 ::: dicot Court, Worcestershire, H enr y Ch am b er l a i n , -r'" . " aged 74. FOWLER.—On the 22d inst., at Hammersmith, Fr- Fowler, Esq., aged 30. if° LAYNG.--On the 20th inst., at Bro a d s t a i rs, I sa b e lla, w of Edward Layng. Esq., M.R.C.S. REDDALL.—On the 17th inst., at Woburn, Ann, r elict of the late Richard A. Reddall, E sq ., aged 91. WARREN.--On the 2 `Vi 11 1 t h inst., at G br i ng, S usse x, " Newton Warren, Esq., barrister, of Lincoln's - i nn, • 0 01 Sher second son of the late Augustus Warren, Surrey, aged 41. London : Printed and Pubnehed by WILLIAM -A t c " -- .,,„ of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tun Suti °ince of Strand, in the Precinct of the 3avoy, in the County itildellesex.—Tuesclay, August 25, 180.3. I Iteiic SE 14 - em A pps , cheap E l (soldt a mo route an d Weds Spree —__ T' IXT Th cane( Meet Th close Pren Th Gov( Th the pass( COrnr accol 5d., ratel: Th Mate excel at tl £7Ol, few 1 has j wag Th wat( char futni Ev affor amoi prop of in Na Teem all, e Mole anot brief in Y rapii Lon plan !IMO evld expi Insi hop( the tine Offic to tl £B5, £lO, part Pam nov up sac po wh