The Sun. — London, England, 1863-09-21 00:00:00

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA, (Final/L ..0 Special Correspondent of the Times.) NEW YORK, Sept. 8. The America 'n 7 - / iind is greatly troubled, or, in American phras exercised," by the creation of a monarchy in ME. 'ma 20, under the protectorate of the Emperor of the Fr ench, with the goodwill and con sent of Great Br Nain arid Spain. Such an event is held to be equ [valet/ t to the recognition of the Southern Confect Wiwi, and its final establishment as an independent . pover. The Democrats and the Republicans— the peace party and the war party — are alike ind' .gnant. Had Great Britain alone been the origins' tor of the project, there can be little question t' alit it would long ago have been made a cases bel by the Federal Government, that the dry borlia of the defunct Monroe doctrine woulc, have by en galvanised into the semblance of vitality, and fr,at as army of occupation would have found in Montreal that scope for its valour which is ne- CCU ,arily denieei it in New York. B at, with France th , s case is different. France was once and often the lemy of England, and is therefore entitled to the gratitude of all true Americans. France aided Wash ington to make rebellion successful, and it is in some degree the founder of American independence; there fore, much must be forgiven to so early and so powerful a friend. But there are some things not to be tolerated even from France ; and the establish ment of a monarchy in Mexico is one of them. But how to resent it is the question. The fire-eaters, the blusterers, and the Bobadils call for im mediate war; but the Cabinet, finding that the subjugation of the South is much more than it can manage, is content to await the further develop ment of events, before it compromises itself, even by a protest which the Emperor of the French may be in a mood to treat with contemptuous silence. It is fnought, under the circumstances, that Mr. Seward will trust to the chapter of accidents, and esPec'ially to the chance that the Archduke Maxi mildan may refuse the perilous dignity, and, in d'Ault of any one else, that not even Mr., or Prince Patterson, Bonaparte, will lend himself to the schemes of his cousin of the Tuileries. But the feeling of anger is none the less bitter; and as it 'seems to be at this moment the predominant one among American politicians—professional and non professional—and of all ranks and degrees of men, it is possible that Mr. Seward may endeavour to make capital out of it in order to strengthen his party at the ensuing elections and catch the vote of such wavering War Democrats as prefer the Unien to liberty and extended territory to happiness. But the Emperor is master of the situation, and the America as know it. They know, moreover, that if he carry out his Mexican designs he will have the moral, it not the military and naval support of Great Britain, and that the reconstruction of the Union will be utterly impossible, unless the South, in a revived love for the Monroe doctrine, should forget its insults, forget its wrcngs, forget the Emancipa tion Proclamation, forget the blood of its best and bravest sons poured out like water for the last two years in countless battlefields, forget its ruined homesteads and its devastated. provinces, turn gall lik into honey, and its immortal hate not only into ing but into love, and in this beatified state of mind unite with the North to drive France out of Mexico and England out of Canada. The hope that such may be the solution is but the shadowy reflection of a needle's point, and yet there are thousands of otherwise sensible people who indulge in it, line call upon Mr. Lincoln to stultify and humiliate himself, his Cabinet, and his party by proposing an amnesty and reconciliation with the South with this object. But if yon ask these worthy souls what they would propose to do in case the South should reject the proposal, and what verdict the Americans would afterwards pass upon Mr. Lincoln for so ignomini ous a-failure, :hey have no reply to make. Another phase of the American mind in reference to thus question deserves notice. While the South - _ ------. --- manifests the loftiest self-reliance, and has not the slightest misgiving of its power to stand alone, the North continually asserts the impossibility of any Northern Union, if the South be taken from its grasp. United with the South they cAn defy the world—disunited from the South they must drop to pieces. Such is the invariable cry of Ile war Christians, the war patriots, and the whole Repub- lican party. Mr. Everett—who was once of opinion that the " wayward sisters" should be allowed to depart in peace, bat who veered round to the oppo site faith an soon as the "stars and stripes," " the flaunting lie and the hate-polluted rag." immorta • lised by Mr. Greeley, was shot down at Fort Sum• ter in 1861—sees no hope for the North, if the South should win its independence. In a letter read to the Springfield Convention immediately after Mr. Lincoln's, in which he urged the people to forego, during the progress of the war, even their right of criticising those in power, he gave expression in this cowardly sentiment —or, per hops, it should be called instinct—which seems to possess and actuate the whole Northern people. " Considering," he says, " the war which has been forced upon us by the ambitions dema gogues of the South as a question of na tional life or death ; that to have the doctrine of secession established at the mouth of the rebel cannon is simply to consign the country to a future of eternal Border war, and to lay its dis honoured fragments at the feet of foreign Powers, I cannot but think it unpatriotic, for the sake of a party triumph to make political capital out of the difficulties, or, if you please, the errors unavoidably incident to the conduct of a war of such gigantic dimensions." It was not thus that British states men, of the rank in which Mr. Everett would like to be placed, spoke and acted during the rebellion of the American colonies. They did not desire to silence the free opinion of the country. They did not choose to hound on the Administration of the day to its own ruin. They did not despair of England even if the empire should be dismembered ; and did not fear that the brave old land would continue to be as great and brave when separated, although at the sannon's mouth, from her reluctant colonies as she had ever been before. The result proved how wise as Well es how patriotic they were. But Mr. Everett and the Northern politicians seem to be above learn ing a lesson from the history of England. They have forgotten the traditions of liberty. They love em pire so desperately that they have no room in their hearts for any other affection. They belie their own glorious ; origin when they talk as they do, and superabundantly prove thei • r readiness for the strong despotism Nvhr • oh is surely coming to bind together the "broken fragments" of a Union whicb, on their own showing, is certain to fall to pieces, as soon as it shall have a strong and independent neighbour of their °Wit blood and language to the south of the Potomac. It is not thus that freemen --worthy to be free...—should either think or act ; and not with such craven misgivings that the North separated from the South can ever succeed in making itself a great nation. While public attention is alm iut exclusively di rected to Mexican affairs, and the el ow progress of the attack on the de fences of Ch arleston varied by an occasional twitch of discom fort Whenever a rumour crosses the Atlantic of the launch of a new Confederate war s teamer, there are indications, neither few nor faint, that the Federal occupation of Louisiana, with the exception, perhaps, of the nit y of New Orleans, is seriously endangered ; and th at events are on the eve of taking place in that quarte r which will render nugatory all the cost and sacrifice incurred by the capture of Vicksburg and Port , l iudeen. General Banks is an excellent officer, bat the Federal Government cannot or will not spare him men sufficient for the heavy task it has set him. He is a good administrator and man of business, but, being Presumptuous enough to keep a con science, and to wish to act as becomes a gentleman and a Christian, he has found it impossible to govern New Orleans on the system of his predecessor. He neither insults women, imprisons n, men unjustly, levies black mail to enrich himself, or in other modes plays the part of the brutal Bashaw which Butler rendered so popular among the spectators of the drama who happened to be so far out of reach of the stage as New York and New England. It is true that the subordinates of General Banks enable are t t o o p t r s e a . pure as himself, and that he has been Tent, or even to discover, many acts of cruelty and extortion whieh have been practised in hi s name. The results are that Federal rule in Orleans and throughout Louisiana is as hateful as in But ler's time, and that resistance has assumed a shape, secretly as well as openly, which is likely To prove unpleasantly to the Northern Government the in. conveniences of keeping a Poland without employ. ing a properly qualified butcher and terminator to hold it in subjection. The great object aimed at is the siege and cap ture of Vicksburg and Port Hudson was not the mere possession of these places, but the opening of the Mississipi from St. Louis to New Orleans to the trade of the West. The abject has not only not been obtained, but has been thwarted and prevented by the Government itself. In order to crush more ef fectually the spirit of the Louisianians and of the citizens of New Orleans, and to throw all possible chances of money-msking into the hands of the few " loyal" inhabitants who yield a real or pretended allegiance to the Federal Government, and of those speculative "loyalists" of the North who have fol lowed Butler or Banks to the South with the hope of turning a dishonest penny out of the miseries of that once rich but now sorely oppressed and impo verished region, no one not known to be " loyal," or who will not, if challenged, take the oath of fealty to the Union, is allowed either to send a cargo up the river or to receive one if it comes down. If a merchant in St. Louis, Memphis, or Cairo consigns produce or other goods to any one in New Orleans with whom he was accustomed to trade before the outbreak of the war, there is great danger that the goods will never reach their destination, for the consignee must take the oath of allegiance before he is permitted to touch them. And if it be remem bered that about nineteen in every twenty of the commercial classes of New Orleans sympathise with the Confederates in heart and abhor the Govern ment at Washington, it will be seen that the up river trader has but small inducement to . resume his trade in the old channels through which he was accustomed to run. Nor is this the worst part of the business. The rule in New Orleans applies to the whole of Louisiana. If a man buys a coat for himself, or a dress or shawl for his wife, or any article whatever that he wishes to take or send beyond the city boundaries, he mast first apply to a permit agent, to whom he must pay a tax of five per cent. on the cost of the comm e commodity. He must next take the " permit ~ to th Pro vost-Marshal and personally await—it may be planter day—the all th is right. l certificatee infa g writing suar of that ffournca whole day—the certificate in writing of that functionary desires to purchase a barrel of flour, our, pork, lard, or beef in St. Louis or any other Western city, he must go through the same'process. In like manner if any merchant of New Orleans would purchase sugar or molasses from a planter up or down the river, he must pay five per cent. on i ts assumed value for a "permit," and on its arrival 2e. per lb. for Internal Revenue Tax, and 5 dollars for " hos pital fee." If a permit t o b r i ng cotton into the city is required, the applicant must deposit 20 dollars per bale, as the tax levied at random upon its presupposed quality and quantity ; and if upon proceeding to the depot where cotton was supposed to be stored he finds that the planter has not the quantity or is indisposed to part with it, or that freight has risen to an all but prohibitive rate, ren dering the trade uncertain of profit, he has to memo ralise the Provost-Marshal for a return of his deposit and wait months, perhaps, before he can receive either the money or an answer, And on the least sus picion, or perhaps from the mere caprice of that functionary, he may be required to take the oath of allegiance to a Government which he detests ; which if he fails to take, his deposit becomes forfeited, and he himself may be consigned to prison for contumacious disloy. shy. Under circumstances such as these it is not surprising that trade on the Mississippi is anything but brisk, and that the per secuted people, condemned to take the oath or to be ruined in their business, should take it with a men tal reservation, and only wait until the pressure of Federal occupation be removed to give, with heart and hand, that allegiance to the Confederate Govern ment which has been extorted from their lips by the agents of an administration which they would despise if it were weak, and which they abhor be cause it is powerful. Thousands of such worse than useless oaths have been imposed upon the mercan tile community of Louisiana since the nominal open ing of the Mississippi ; oaths taken with a flippancy and sometimes with an insolence that ought to con vince the Federal authorities, who know the ante cedents of the persons subjected to the ordeal, of the little security, for the present or the future, con tained in such hard or such light swearing. Re cently a merchant, known in the slang of the Unionists for his "secesh proclivities," was desirous of sending some goods from Memphis to New Or leans. He applied to the Provost-Marshal for a per mit, and the Provost-Marshal, knowing his man, asked him pointblank the question, " Are you a loyal citizen ?'' "No, sir, I am not in your sense of the word loyal." " You can have no permit unless you will take the oath of allegiance." " I will take it," he replied, and did so accordingly. " Now, air," rejoined the Provost-Marshal, " you have taken the oath, do you know what it means and implies ?" " Perfectly," said the merchant, " it means a pad lock en my mouth, and implies a bayonet at my rear." The word thus emphasised may be rendered more truthfully, if more coarsely, by an em phatic Anglo-Saxoraism, if the substitution ac cord with the taste of the reader. Another merchant in circumstances somewhat similar was asked to take the oath as a preliminary to a very ordinary piece of mercantile business. He took it without scruple, and when he had done so, coolly told the Provost-Alarshal that he considered him no better than a highwayman. " You have extorted an oath from me," he said, " as Dick Turpin might have extorted a parse of money. I yield the oath bezause I am powerless in your hands, and resistance would be useless. But I consider that I have been robbed, and, should circumstances per mit, I will resume possession of my oath as if it had never been stolen from me." It is evident from such facts as these that those Western people who have speculated on the renewal of their former trade with Louisiana have not much reason to congratulate themselves on their prospects, and that Vicksburg and Port Hudson might almost as well, as far as their interests are concerned, be in the occupation of the Confederates as in those of the Federals. The planters have little to dispose of, and the disposal of that little is rendered unne cessarily difficult by the mingled tyranny and cor ruption of the Federal officials. Sueh is the com mercial aspect of that once teeming region. Nor is the military aspect any better. General Banks conquered the country of the Bayou Teche in April last, but the small force he left to maintain posses sion has been overpowered and overwhelmed, and according to the latest accounts is in full retreat towards New Orleans. General Grant, in view of this new difficulty, has been ordered to take Banks's place ; and Banks, always ready—as a preux che valier should be—to do the duty assigned to him, is to take a command in Texas, and hold himself pre pared to checkmate any designs which the French Government may have formed on the Rio Grande and in the port of Matamorae. Though not of any particular importance, a little incident which has just occurred may be cited to show the inferior materiel out of which the officers of the Federal army is composed. This inferiority is one of the most patent facts in the daily history of America. In other countries an " officer" and a "gentleman" are supposed to be synonymous terms. " rowdy" private, if properly drilled, disciplined, e of and led, may be converted by time and experience into a b rave and exeellent soldier ; but a " rowdy" officee--a, f requenter of bar-rooms and grog shops, a profan e swearer, dirty alike in his person and his language,and p r omote re d as t o o ns m , i r l e i na ta a ry ins ra a n , k , r f o o w r poli tical and not militarygoverning himself, is not l dy :" an k d being incapc elyto govern bl others, except as a bully and a tyrant. Two years ago th e army swarmed with s uch officers, but time, the accidents of war, and the determination of the War Depa r t ment to reform the matter unsparingly, have time much to weed out these black sheep and supply their places with men of a higher character. From a recent meet i ng of the army chaplains—gentlemen wh o receive the allowance of 100 dole. a month and rations, and wh o consider themseivee aggrieved at not bein g p l aced in every respect on the same footing as captains— it would appear that there are rowdy clergymen in the Federal army as well as rowdy soldiers and rowdy officers, The grievances discussed by the chaplains were threefold. The first was that their pay was deducted during sickness, while that of captains was not ; the second, that they were not recognised as entitled to transportation for their baggage; and last, and worst of all, that they were insulted by the officers and laughed at by the men, and that no measures were taken by the command ing Generals to enforce the attendance of the soldiers at prayers. One of the principal speakers, a " clergyman" from Pennsylvania, discoursed of these and other hardships in a style which was enough to prove, irrespective of the first two grievances, that the third was irremediable, and that no soldier of any religious feeling would tolerate compulsory attendance at any prayers prayers which such a person might offer. "I lately went," he said, " to sea the colonel, and had the colonel's fist under my nose as an answer to my complaint. I drew off, as you may believe, and swore to make gaano of the colonel, or any one else (so help me God) who interrupted me in the per formance of my duty. More than that, I let him know that I had once been a blacksmith, and cau tioned him, if he valued his bones, to keep out of the reach of my sledge hammer." Clearly this " reverend" person mistook his vocation, and should either have stuck to his forge or joined the army as a private soldier. The wonder, however, is that with such colonels and such chaplains the rank and file of the army behaves as gallantly as it does, and that it is not hopelessly demoralised by the many bad examples which are set before it by those whose duty it should be to elevate and improve it. The panic in the stock-market has partially sub sided. The small speculators have been ruined ; the larger ones have been crippled and taught wis dom ; but no failures among the higher order of bankers and brokers have occurred to strengthen the existing alarm. The "ring" of great capital ists, who by their combinations contrive to keep up the price of shares in some particular lines, are again at work to bring these fanny stocks to their former rates, but as yet with only moderate success. Gold maintains itself within a slight fraction of its recent advance, the brokers of Mr. Chase not being in a position to affect a fall while their chief is in the market as a borrower of fifty millions of one sort of paper, to be reimbursed in another. The ge neral belief is that there must, of necessity, be a further fall in stocks and a steadily advancing pre- i mium on gold, and that the panics of the New York Stock-market are likely to be intermittent until the grand finale and smash, which may be cleverly post poned, but which cannot be prevented by all the skill of Wall-street and all the prudence of the Financial Minister. WEATHER PROGNOSTICS. (From Creswieles 'Feather Guide.) If the cloods in the west are red, with a tinge of purple, it portends fine weather, the reason being that the air,when dry, refracts more of the red and heat-making rays than when moist; and as dry air is not perfectly transparent, those rays are reflected in the horizon. A coppery or yellow sunset, on the other hand, foretells rain. A very certain indication of wet weather is produced by precipitated water. Ihe observer, though, must not confound the halo with the corona. The former is a luminous circle seen round the moon or sun, with a diameter of 20 or more degrees ; whilst the corona is a number of coloured rings formed immedi ately about the moon's place. When the rainbow appears in the morning, it is a sign of wet ; when in the evening, of fine weather. The reason given by Sir Humphrey Davy for this is, that as the rainbow can only be seen when the clouds depositing the rain are opposite to the sun, it follows that the morning rainbow must be always in the west, and the evening one in the ( est. Now, as most of our rain comes with a west wind, a bow in that quarter would indicate that the storm was coming towards the observer ; on the other hand, a bow in the east would indicate that the storm was passing from him. Fair weather is betokened by the swallows flying high ; the insects on which these birds feed are always to be found in the warmest stratum of air, end the swallows conse quently follow them. Now as hot air is lighter than that which is colder, it will always occupy the higher position; when, therefore, the swallows are seen flying high,we know that there is no fear of descending currents of colder air ; but when they fly low, the warmer air will probably be in vaded by a colder stratum descending, and a deposition of water is liable to be the result. With regard to what may be learnt from the appearance of the sky and clouds, the following general directions will be found useful. As a very good collection of these pheno mena, together with the inferences drawn from them, have been brought together by Rear-Admiral Fitzroy,in the pub lications issued by the Board of Trade, we cannot do better than by quoting the paragraph itself—" If the first indica tions of daylight are seen above a bank of clouds, it foretells wind; if the first streaks of light are low, and come from or near the horizon fair weather may be anticipated. Soft looking and delicate clouds foretell fine weather, with mode rate or light breezes ; hard-edged, oily-looking clouds, wind. A dark gloomy-looking blue sky foretells wind ; but a bright light blue sky a continuance of fair weather. Generally the softer clouds look, the less wind may be expected; but the harder, more ragged and rolled they look, the stronger will the wind be. Small inky clouds foretell rain; light scud driving across heavy clouds, wind and rain; but if without a background of denrer clouds, wind alone. Not unfrequently clouds, at different elevations, will be observed to be going in different directions : whilst the lowest stratum of cloud is moving in the same direction with the wind, the higher and light clouds may be eying across in altogether another course; when this is observed to be the case it is usually a sign that the wind will shortly change to the direction in which the upper stratum of air is moving. After fine clear weather the first appearance of a change in the sky are smal curled or spotty clouds, followed by a gradual cloudingl in the sky, from an overcasting vapour. The harder the murky sky appears, the more likely to foretell wind ; if it looks watery rain may also be expected. The more distant and higher the clouds are, the more gradual, but extensive, the coming change will prove. When misty clouds and vapours seem to hang or to be spread out over heights, it is a sign of wind and rain; if they rise and dis perse themselves, the weather will improve." The foreknowledge to be gleaned from the close and dawn of day may be briefly stated as follows, as laid down by Kaemtz :—Since the appearances of twilight depend on the state of the sky, they may serve to foretell, to a certain ex tent, the weather of the following day. When the sky is blue, and, after sunset, the western region is covered with a slight purple tint, we may be sure that the weather will be fine, especially if the horizon seems obscured with a slight smoke. After rain, isolated clouds, coloured red, and well illuminated, announce the return of fine weather. A twi light of a whitish yellow, especially when it extends to a distance on the sky, is a sign of bad weather for the mor row. Generally, we must expect storms when the sun is of a brilliant white, and sets in the midst of a white light which hardly permits us to distinguish it ; the probabili ties of bad weather are still more increased when light cirri, that give the sky a dull appearance, appear deeper near the horizon, and when the twilight is of a greyish red, in the midst of which are seen portions of a deep red that pass into grey, and scarcely permit the sun to be distinguished—in this case vesicular vapour is very abundant, and we may calculate on wind and approaching rain. The signs to be drawn from daybreak are somewhat different. When it is very red we may expect rain, whilst a grey dawn announces fine weather. With regard to the appearance of the clouds, the following inferences may be derived. In fair weather the sky is seldom quite clear of small groups of cirrus. Continued wet weather is attended with horizontal sheets of this cloud, which subside presently and pass into cirro-stratus. Before storms they appear lower and denser, and unusually in that quarter from which the storm arises. Steady high winds are proceeded and at tended by streaks running quite across the sky in the direc tion they blow in. We might sum up those sources of information by re marking that, generally, natural, easy, and delicate tints with undefined and woolly clouds, foretell fine weather but unusual hues, with striking contrasts of colour, and hard, sharply-marked outlines, usually precede wind and wet weather. There are some few other sources of foreknow ledge which, though not nearly so reliable as the ones we have just enumerated, yet demand some attention from the prudent farmer ; we shall therefore give some of them. Dew is an indication of fine weather, as is also fog. When smoke from chimneys does not ascend, but takes a crooked course, it is a sign of a change for the worse. The habits and cries of animals are also taken to be a guide ; and, to a certain extent, they are so. Sheep are observed to jump and play in an unusual degree before rough and wet weather. In winter when they lie utder a hedge, and seem to be un willing to go to pasture, it is a sign of a coming storm• When peacocks cry much it is an indication of bad weather. If cocks begin to crow while it is raining, it is said to be a sign that it will soon be fine. The flight of wild geese to wards the west, the early appearance of the woodcock and fieldfar3s are signs of coming cold. It has also been asserted that the habits of the spider may afford some hints as to the weather. If the weather be likely to become rainy and stormy, the spider fixes the terminating threads, by which the entire web is suspended, unusually short, and in this state awaits the impending change; on the other hand, if these threads be long, the weather will be proportionately serene. If the spider L.) completely inac tive, rain will follow; but if, during rain, their wonted activity be resumed, the rain will soon cease and fair wea ther will ensue. From vegetable life we may also draw some conclusions. The down of the dandelion will close in bad weather, but will expand when it is fine. The pim pernal is also a well-known example of a natural weather , indicator; when the flower closes its leaves it will be wet; I EVENING, SEPPEMBER, 2 DA but, when it opens them in the morning, it is a eign of a fine day. After what we have said about the uncertainty and diffi culties in the way of prognosticating the weather in our country, many hours in advance of the change, we need hardly add that the eye should always be ready to detect the slightest indication of any change. Let not the farmer doubt but that careful and constant attention to these points will prove of infinitely more use to him than all the empiri cal predictions extant. , I 163. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. SATURDAY REVIEW.—Mr. Lincoln, in his letter to the Republican Convention of New York, seems to pledge himself to a policy of total subjugation when he expresses a wethfotinded opinion that no possible compromise can secure the mainfanattee or restoration of the UninfL The strength of the seces sion is, as he candidly admits, in the Confederate army, and the offers of scattered civilians "'ho pos sess neither political nor military power are wholly inoperative and worthless. It follows that the Union can only be restored by the utter defeat of the army, and a perfect triumph would to a certain extent, supersede the necessity of negotiation or compro mise. As the army of the South is identical with its population, Mr. Lincoln virtually allows that the Confederate States are all but unanimously opposed to reunion. It is certainly not impossible that they may ultimately be forced to submit, but if the war were terminated it would still be necessary to pro vide for their administration. Mr. Lincoln's sup porters have devised an ingenious plan of govern ment by minorities, composed of traitors who have deserted the cause of their states and of Confederacy. The voters who are willing to take the Federal oath of allegiance are to elect State Governments, mem bers of Congress, and Senators, and to constitute a privileged aristocracy in the midst of disarmed and helpless enemies of the Union. The Republican projectors hope that by degrees the Northern im migrants will be strong enough to form a perma nent garrison in the South, even if they fail to ex pand into a majority. The entire scheme reproduces, with unconscious ac, uracy, the mistaken methods of subduing Irish disaffection which were tried by different English Governments in the seventeenth century. The only excuse for the anachronism consists in the difficulty of devising any alter native. The President may not be respon sible for the plans of his unauthorised ad visers; but, in repudiating compromise as impracticable, he pledges himself first to conquer the South, and then to govern it against its will, either by open force or with an admixture of trans parent fraud. After all, Mr. Lincoln's letter seems to be little more than a repetition of the phrases which make up the resolutions of the Convention. It matters little whether the Republican platform was originally devised at New York or at Washing ton. Except as cutting him off from all opportu nity of altering his policy, this document would have excited little attention, had it not been for the extraordinary style, combining the homely joco sity of a backwoodsman with the grandiloquence of a sentimental novelist, in which a man so highly placed at so momentous a crisis finds it natural or thinks it expedient to discuss such topics as the policy of wholesale abolition, the fortunes of the ar my and navy, and the possibility of peace. Per haps there are Americans who are capable of being ashamed of the vul gar f r i vo li ty o f their chief magi strate in a great political crisis. Facetious refe rences to "Uncle Sam's web feet," and repetitions of every slang p ar t y p h rase i n the American dialect, indicate something wrong i n the state of pol i t i cal society, as well as th e coarseness o f t h e P res id ent ' s mind. His opinions will probably snit the Repub lican Conventions, but perhaps their l e aders may be reminded that the next candidate for the Presi dency will be better qualified for his duties if he bad had the adv antage o f an ordinary advantage of an ordinary education. SPECTATOR. ---The two humonrists who are at present virtual dictators of English and American policy, and, each in his way, almost perfect repre sentatives of the political feeling of their respective nations, offer many curious points of comparison in the way of contrast or resemblance. It is, of course, not the least of those contrasts that the one is essen tially a noble and the other essentially a peasant; the one a man of the world and of society, the other a rail.splitter lied an attorney ; the one a man saturated with the diplomatic traditions of half a century, the other fresh from local politics and vil lege squabbler. But it is a difference of greater moment that the one was chosen because be had long excited admiration for his shrewdness, ease, and audacity ; the other because he had never excited admiration or attention at all out of his native State,—the one because he was con spicuous, the o th er b ecause h e was o b scure . It is still more to the purpose that the English statesman's present power is a temporary trust, held only during good behaviour, the Ame rican's a constitutional lease, guaranteed for a short term ()fleeter ; so that in the aristocratic country the minister's power, given because he was popular, dep en d s on the endurance of his popularity, in the de mocratic, the power given because he was unknown is wholly independent of the qualities he evinces now that he is becoming known. These are the most striking contrasts. On the other hand, so far as each has gained personal influence of his own with his own nation, he has gained it much in the same way by interpreting its average wishes and will sagaciously, by anticipating their expression vigorously, and " putting his foot down " boldly, with strong lucid sense, and with something of cynical humour, on a national policy, not too heroic in profession, but carefully toned down to suit the common places of country feeling and resolve. No doubt Mr. Lincoln's personal popularity in Ame rica is nothing at all in comparison with Lord Pal merston'a here. The Northerners area little ashamed of the rather vulgar personality which figures so prominently in this great crisis of their history. His mind has shown itself stow and hesitating, though never irresolute when once decided, and his dignity has not been equal on most occasions to ruling his own Cabinet. The consequence is that he has only Within the last few months gained any per sonal, as distinct from his official, political influence, and perhaps it is even now not very large. Still he is undoubtedly rising in popular esteem (!) and some of his political professions of faith have had a sin gular success in reading off as it were the inmost thoughts of the millions of Yankee farmers whose political creed we in England are least able to un derstand. And these occasional dicta of Mr Lincoln's certainly take a grasp of the American mind not at all unlike the hold which Lord Palmerston's happiest expositions of English policy take of the English mind, and for very much the same sort of reason. They are both strongly logical as well as lucid in mind, though the American's style is sometimes obscured by its deficiences. Both Mr. Lincoln and Lced Palmerston, again, are re markable for the strongly secular character of their political modes of thought, bein g, indeed—Eke Louis Napoleon, Cavour, and a lmost the greater politi cians of recent times (Ricasoli alone excepted)— singularly careful to disavow undue elevation of sentiment. Mr. Lincoln is as lucid, and of course much more homely in explaining that he looks only to considerations of national self-interest as Lord Palmerston himself. Look at the President's letter to the mass meeting in lilinois. It is not refined ; it won't parse; it ends with a kind of intentional vulgarity, as if Mr. Lincoln wished to speak to the Yankee farmers in their own dialect. Mr. Lincol jokes, in his own v e rnacular, about " Uncle Sam's web feet," to please the farmers, with just as much skill and humour as Lord Palmerston, in his more polished way, has joked about our "lethmiaa games" to please the racing gentlemen in the House of Commons. But after allowing for these differ ences of social latitude, the basis of the noble's and the plebian's sagacity remains much the same—a great tack in understanding the deep-rooted conser vatism of the people at the present moment, and a marvellously real and practical way of laying down before their eyes the practical alternatives still open to them for gratifying that conservatism. It may seem odd to speak of Mr. Lincoln—the temporary servant of a powerful democracy engaged in appa rently aggressive war—as the mouthpiece of the conservatism of the country. Yet that is his true power at the present moment even more than Lord Palmerston's in England. The President represents exactly that conservative-aggressive attitude of the public mind in which both English and. Northerners are now best pleased to stand. LONDON REVIEW.—Hardly a week ago, the Mid dlesex Sessions presented the public, through the medium of the newspapers upon two successive days, with " sensation" forensic scenes of an extra ordinary kind. On the first day a barris. ter of the name of Metcalfe was the hero of the field. He was defending a prisoner on trial, and took oc casion to present his client to the jury as a man of high respectability, while at the time it was well known (to the prosecution, at least) that this highly respectable prisoner had undergone more than one previous conviction abroad. The prosecuting coun sel, at the end of the trial, brought the matter under the notice of the court as an unjustifiable perversion of truth on theyart of those who were engaged in the defence. Mr. Metcalfe, however, explained subsequently that he himself was ignorant of the convictions recorded against his client, and the Assistant-Commissioner, Mr. Sergeant Gaselee, ex pressed himself satisfied with Mr. Metcalfe's dis claimer_ We have no reason to question the gen tleman's veracity, however we may suspect his discretion; but, all personalities apart, the story has a significant bearing. A counsel may easily have been ignorant of the prisoner's real character; but the prisoner's attorney must, or at least ought, to have known it. Assuming that Mr. Metcalfe was acting strictly within his instructions when he asserted the prisoner's respectability, it comes to this; that the attorney put down on the brief and urged counsel to assert what he either knew to be false, or, at all events, what he did not know to be true. Attorneys do not play these pranks who have ordinarily to do with barristers of a high cha racter. The crick is not known in a certain class of business, nor in certain courts. It is confined to courts where the atmosphere is a peculiar one, and where practitioners both above and below the bar are supposed to be less fastidious. The next day afforded an opportunity for a display of personal prowess between two barristers, Mr. Ribton and Mr. Besley; with Mr. Sergeant Gaselee, as before, sitting as arbiter of the fight. It appears that Mr. Ribton, who was for the defence, was in the middle of a cross-examination, when Mr. Besley interposed. The following severe affair then came off, much to the edification of the audience : Mr. If esley objected to such questions, as they did not go to impeach the veracity of the witness. Mr. Ribton said he had never heard such an objection in dm tonne of his experience in the criminal law, and he was sure it would not have been taken by any counsel who knew his business. Mr. Besley said nob observations applied to him were most impertinent. Mr. Sergeant Gaselee thought that such observations oVght not to be made. Mr. Ribton—Theo I will retract it. No ono doubts that Mr. Besley knows his business. In fact, he knows two much. Every man has his own modes of expressing him self, and we have no wish to misinterpret any of Mr. Ribton's modes of expression, which may per haps be peculiar to himself. But the ordinary in terpretation of the back-hander with which that gentleman finished the controversy is obvious. Judged by our everyday notions, a barrister of whom it con be said that he " knows too much" is no better than " a sharp practitioner." Mr. Ribton, therefore, implies virtually (though perhaps the in sult ariees rather from clumsiness than malice) thet Mr. Besley is in the habit of sailing as near the wind as is consistent with professional etiquette. Now. such an imputation, supposing it to be false —and we have no reason to suppose it is true—can be only disgraceful to the man who recklessly makes it. Whether true or false, it is a discredit to an English law court that it should be made at all. The whole affair i 3 as unseemly as it well could be. The first impression of any sensible person on read ing it may probably have been a regret that the days of duelling for some purposes are extinct. There really seems to be no other means of prevent ing scandals of this kind. The prospect of a pistol at twelve paces might perhaps have prevented Mr. Ribton from gratuitously offering Mr. Besley such an insult ; and, for fear that bullying should become licensed, duelling and challenging might be limited to the frequenters of the Middlesex Sessions. EXAMINER.—OnIy fifty years ago the spectacle of the execution of a murderer was not thought sufficient, and was followed by the more lasting spectacle of the body dangling in chains from a gibbet. The banks of the Thames were studded with these hideous exhibitions, and there was a whole grove of gibbets at Bugsby's Hole, in the bend between Blackwell and Woolwich Reach, under which parties used to be made to drink tea, the tarred remains swinging over their heads, and the irons creaking a dismal accompaniment. The gibbet was meant to be a sort of scarecrow of crime, but when ample experience proved that it had no terror for the jail birds, but that familiarity with the sight made it their laughing stock, while it struck with disgust or horror the better part of the community, the hateful thing was abolished. In another fifty years public executions will probably have disappeared like the gibbet, which in con sistency they should have followed off the stage, both being of the same nature, and best put out of sight. But let it not be supposed that the gibbet was unfriended. It had its advocates who prized it even more than the execution, to which it was supplemental. The effect of the spectacle of execu tion, they said, is at least transitory, and the num bers who witness it keep up each other's spirits, and find more matter of jest and ribaldry than grave reflection; but the gibbet is a permanent warning, and many a criminal shudders as he sees its hideous burden, or hears its irons at night croaking, raven-like, of an ignominious death. Such eves the theory, but the fact being proved to be quite the other way, and that familiarity, as usual, bred contempt of these exhibitions, they were abolished in spite of the most vehement protests, especially from that learned Recorder of London of whom it was said, that he was never known to shed a tear but once, and that one of disappointment at the reprieve of Macheath in the " Beggar's Opera," when he fondly hoped to see the finale of a hanging. We are sorry to see the Times treat ing as kindred proposals the abolition of capital punishment and the substitution of private for public execution. We believe the retention of the punishment of death for murder to be necessary, and have often stated our reasons for that belief; but we cannot think any one good object effected by public executions. We see no thingin them but what is objectionable and counter to the purpose. A public execution answers no purpose of example. The example is in the fact, published throughout the realm, that the criminal has suffered, not in the sight of his dying convul sions, witnessed by a few hundreds or thousands, who, when all is over, go away laughing and jok ing, and with the light reflection, " Well, after all, it is not much to make a fuss about," or " he, died game and plucky." There is, indeed, nothing im pressive in a public execution. All the circum stances are mean and vu!gar, and death is deprived of all its dignity. Of all the sensation-mongery it is the lowest. The sight may meke some worse, tend to harden some hearts, bat none can it make better. It serves to collect the worst of every dis trict, and to mix a good deal of levity and morbid curiosity with sheer brutality. Upon the last occa sion, the execution of four murderers, a largo pro portion of the mob were women, and many of them of the appearance called respectable, that is to say, well dressed. There were excursion trains too, as for a fair, or races, or a prize fight. It was a gala day. There were hampers of provisions, and drinks, and al! jolly doings, to see four wretches make their last struggle. It was well for the public of that choice neighbourhood that four murders had been committed, to give them such a treat in the spectacle of the retribution. A single execution would not have attracted such a concourse. LAW TIMES.—The Social Science Congress will add to its many attractions at Edinburgh, a reunion of the Bars of England, Scotland, and Ireland, to be celebrated at a dinner over which Lord Brougham will preside. It is a happy occasion seized for an admirable purpose. The Congress will draw to the metropolis of Scotland dome of the ablest members of the bar of each of the three countries who design to take part in the discussions on the various sub jects that fall within their studies and experience, and it may be anticipated that many will be tempted by this added pleasure to join the assembly as spectators if not as debaters. The three bars are not yet sufficiently known to one another. They have at present no point of contact. The embryo Irish barrister meets the embryo English barrister at the Temple, when both are students, and there they form pleasant friendships, which are rarely cul tivated after the Channel has severed them. But of the Scotch bar we of the English know nothing; we are never brought together, not even to mess upon roast shoulders of mutton and sirloins of beef. Something was wanting to bring about a better acquaintance. An annual dinner in London was once talked of, =4l a meeting alternately at each of the three capitals has been suggested. But when the project was put into shape it was felt to be too great a request to ask 'men to come from Dublin or Edinburgh merely to dine. Something more was wanted. This something more the Social Science Congress will supply. It will de pend upon the success of this first endeavour whether the meeting shall become an institution. There will be much in Edinburgh to repay the visi tor. Great efforts are being made by the authori ties to give a hearty welcome to the Congress, and abundance of amusements will vary its serious labours; so that the meeting of the three bars will have a great deal of enjoyment besides the pleasure itself will yield. A SHIP RUN DOWN BY THE GREAT EASTERN, —LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY. The Great Eastern, which arrived here this morning, while off Cape Clear on Friday, ran down a ship called the Jane, Captain Duff, bound from Liverpool to Quebco. Two of the crew of the latter were killed by the collision. The Jane left this port on the 10th inst. [ADVERTISEMENT]. —Holloway's Pills. Surpassing Excellence.—This medicine is composed of the finest bal sams obtainable from the vegetable Kingdom. Unlike mineral or mercurial preparations, Holloway's Pills are perfectly innocent and may be safely taken by children and the most delioate females. The nervous and all who have lost hope and energy through long-continued affliction, should have their attention drawn to the many cures of such cases which have been gradually accomplished by these Pills, an d gratefully acknowledged by most flattering testimonials. They secure a long, healthy, and a happy life. In all derangements of the digestion arising from the stomach, liver, or bowels, the curative power of these purifying Pills is especially observable; they stimulate sluggish, and regulate disordered, functions. [ADVERTISEMENT.] — Consumption, all nervous, bilious, liver, and stomach complaints, in every stage, are only ag gravated and accelerated by drugs of every description, but perfectly curable by Du Barry's health restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, as proved by thousands of cases which had been considered hopeless. We quote a few.—Cure No. 62,914. Miss Lange, 18 years of age, cured after the medical men had abandoned all hopes of her recovery from the last stage of pulmonary consumption, with fearful cough, expectoration exhaustion, spitting of blood, perspirations, hollow cheeks. emaciated to a skeleton. She is now, thank God, a perfectly healthy, bloomi ng , fleshy girl.—N. Lange, Commissaire de Police. Cure, No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Fernley Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial deafness.—Cure, No. 47,121. DBEs Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure, No. 64,816. The Rev. James T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, of indigestion and torpidity of the liver, which had resisted all medical treatment. In tins, lib, Is gd 21b, 48 6d; Mb, lls ; 121 b, 225; 241 b, 40s. Barry du Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London ; also Fortnum and Mason; and all grocers and chemists in every town of the Vatted Etsgdom. ENORMOUS FRAUD IN THE CITY. The Lord Mayor has issued a warrant for the apprehen sion of a foreigner named Sigisraund Dietrichstein, who stands charged with having absconded, and taking with him no lass a sum than £lO,OOO in Bank of England notes, which had been obtained by moans of fraud and conspiracy. It appears that the fugitive is by birth a Hungarian, and that he has resided fort everal years in England, and carried on ostensibly the business of a merchant in the City of ' London, where he had offices, and he had also a residence at the West. end of the town. There appears to be no doubt, however, that hie circumstances were not all prosperous, and although he appears to have two banking accounts, one with Messrs. Drummond and another at the City Bank, it has been ascertained since his flight that the amount of money deposited was very small, and his object was evi dently to create confidence in his resources, with a view to assist him in carrying out his ulterior objects. The mode in which the money was obtained was this :—lt appears that for several months the fugitive, in addition to his ordi nary occupation of a merchant, has been carrying on some extensive engagements in time bargain s , in foreign stock, upon the Exchange, and from all that has transpired there is every reason to believe that be has been backed up in these proceedings by one or two other foreigners, who are no doubt parties to the ulti ma t e f ra ud, and th ey provided Dietrich stein with funds whenever they were required, to pay the differences that arose upon any account, and this was always regularly done, sir that the brokers were induced to place reliance upon the resources of the fugitive. Dietrichatein appeared to have purchased very largely for the account ending August 29, which happened to be on Saturday, and the arrangements of the Confederates were all completed by that day. According to the custom of the Stock Exchange, when foreign bonds or other securities are taken up by the parties who purehase them, a cheque is given when they are handed over, and when the stock purchased by Dietrichatein, which consisted of :Egyptian and Brazilian Bonds, and which are a description of security as readily negotiable as Bank of England notes, was handed to him, he paid for each security by a cheque upon Messrs. Drum mond. The public is aware that the banks close at 2 o'clock on Saturdays, and the cheques were not given until after that, this being, no doubt, a part of the plan of Die trich stein and his confederates to give them more time, as under ordinary circumstances the fact that there were no assets to meet the cheques would not have been known until the following Monday, and thus 24 hours' more delay would have been obtained. This part of the scheme, however, failed from the following circumstance. The parties to whom the cheques were given, knowing that Dietrichatein also kept an account at the City Bank, paid the cheques into that establishment, and through their clerk the cheques upon Drummonds' were sent to the clearing-house; but it would seem that the large sum for which they were drawn, taken in connection with the state of Dietrichatein's ac count at the City Bank, created some suspicion, and this and other circumstances were considered sufficient to justify an application being made by a confidential party to Messrs. Drummond, to know whether there were any assets suffi cient to meet the two cheques that had been drawn upon them by Dietrichstein, and this led to a discovery of the astounding fact that there were only about £25, or at all events some very small sum, standing to his credit. The fraud being thus discovered, steps were of course imme diately taken to endeavour to regain possession of the pro perty, but it was too late. it was ascertained that im mediately the bonds had been obtained they were taken to two of the City banks either by Dietrichstein or by some one on his behalf, where they were deposited as security for the advance of nearly £lO,OOO. The value of the stock was over £ll,OOO, but a small margin, as usual, was kept for the protection of the bankers making the advance against any fluctuation that might take place in the market. The money was all obtained in bank - notes—nam e ly, two of £5OO, six of £2OO, 32 of £lOO, 39 of £5O, and 51 of £2O each; and, no doubt, the moment it was received Dietrichatein decamped, and he has not since been heard of. No clue has hitherto been ob tained to the bulk of the moneys, a small portion only having been traced to one person. who states that he re ceived the notes from Dietrichstein in the ordinary course of his business, and there are no means of contradicting this statement. It is, of course, almost unnecessary to say that not the slightest blame is attachable to the bankers with reference to the advance of the money upon the deposit of the stock, as this is a proceeding of ev er y-d ay occur rence, many firms of the highest position frequ en tly fi n di ng it n ecessary to ob tain temporary accommodati on un d er s i m il a r circumstances , and consequently the persons wh o w ill be the sufferers by this fraud will bo the broker s w h o d e li ver ed the stock. The fugitive is described as being 33 years of ag e, sallow complexion, and wearing small moustache and small whiskers. His hands and feet are described as being very delicate, like those of a woman. He is supposed to be ac companied by his wife, a very good-looking woman,2l Years of age. end a son three years old. A reward of £l,OOO has been offered for his apprehension. The Murder and Attempted Suicide in the Marylebone-road. On Saturday Sarah Emily Mitchell , otherwise ChaPb e l3l l ' aged 24, and described as of no occupa tion, and residing at 108, Marylebone-road, was brought to the Mar y leb ons Police-court in a cab by Inspectors Sims and Burr ows, helladinbeen attended by her nurse and m edical g entleman. The cha rge on the sheet was for felonious l y a nd wi l full y murderin g her chili, Sarah Emma Adeline Mitchell, aged 14 month s , b y stabbing her in the breast w ith a da gg er, on the 31st jtoY - last. She was also further charge d with attem p t ing to commit suicide by cutting h er throat with a razor. ycot coroner's e s r h , se warranth ad loe Upon this charge Mr. Tiddy , the:superintendent of the division, brought her up for examination, but the w ort h y magistrate declined to take c o g nisance of the case,as she was c it aa w to a i s ly re o p f r t e h se e n p t o ed lie b e y bef M o r. re T t i h d e d already committed on the co roner's warrant. Mr. Mans" field thought the proceading s altogether unnecessary;y: butUl issued, and no attempt had as yet been made, owing t o the extremely feeble state in wh ich she was, to a pprehend her upon it. Great considerati on was consequentl y shown for her by the officers in charge. Mr. Sleigh, instructed by Mr. StoPher F 7 ••• reeStO , Co., solicitors, 36, Coleman ' street, appeared for the na" accused. After much discussion as to the best c ourse to be taken under the circumstances, Mr. Sleigh suggested that the best plan would be to have the prisoner brought in an d take the ghte 8:.; evidenco. st amount of It was then arranged that she should be brought in, but on her reaching the passage leading. to the court, evidently very weak and agitated and a urt, she was Eventually it was arranged that Bayles, theg gape a shriek. offi cer, should take her to Newgate on hiscoroner's was now certified to be in a fit state forr Warrant, as she the magistrate should mark the charge sheet removal, oval, and . that cause of the case not being heard by him to explain the Mr. Mansfield accordingly marked ' follows : the charge sheet as "Before the prisoner was brought before taken into custody by the coroner's beadle,. me . she was in virtue of a warrant for her commitment f or tria murder. f f j oax 8311 on the charge , of Prisoner was then conveyed i al a calaTtß _ll4ArisFruLD.' virtually the police are no longe r ; , n the ocaNseewgate. Thus Liverpool Steamer Loss of Brother LIVERPOOL, Saturday. of Nova Sco tia, but whether by the on the coast sc re w - steamer has been lost prevalence f oggy weather, and the action Another of currents, or negligence on the part of those in charge of the ship, We are at present uninformed, as the telegram announcing the disaster was brought we learn that the Pactolus, under Capt. by the per Race. From other sources, having on Johnson, board a large and valuable cargo, sailed for Halifax and St. John's, New Bruns wick, on the 22d of August last, and in due course Halifax, L reached where a portion of the cargo was discharged, the vessel afterwards proceeding on her however, voyage to St. Sohn's. She was not destined, how ever, to reach that port, for she struck on a place called Liverpool, in the neighbourhood of Nova Persia fa Liverpo olafrsotomr C a, pe Scotia, and became a total wreck, little hopes being pporti on o f t h e cargo b e i ng save d . expressed e thess ed vesselof any Caine to g e t on shore where she did is at present unkno wn here, as, by a reference to a map of that part of the Atlantic, it will be seen that Liverpool is a long w a y out o f t h e course genera ll y taken by vessels sa ili ng from Halifax to St. John's. was chartered for t h e voyage to Halifax and St. The Pactolus wa s a ship of 653 tons burden, and John's by Messrs. Lam port and Holt, of this town. She was until recently engage d i n t h e tra d e b etween this port and C onstantinople, and her career while in the trade was a series of mishaps, as she was never out of " lumber." The telegram makes no allusion to the fate of the crew. ____ Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Hornimares pure Tea; very choice at 3s. 4d. and 4s. " High Standard "at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is th( strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every town it in packets, The Alleged Poisoning Case at Hull. O❑ Thursday Augustus Wells, assistant to Mr. Day, surgeon, and George Z. Wright, landlord of the Tynemouth Castle public-house, o.borne-street, charged with attempting to get poison administered to an illegitimate child, were again brought up at the Hull Police -court before Mr. Travis, the sti pendiary magistrate. Mr. Gresham appeared for Wells, and Mr. Stead for Wright. The witness Woodmancy was recalled, and, in answer to Mr. Gresham, said—l know a ruilyman named Robert Norris. I remember meeting Wells in Wellington street some time ago, and asking him for the 23s Alice owed me. I never asked him to give his watch up. I never spoke to Norris about having seen Wells in Wellington -street on that occa sion. I know a person of the name of David Dalton, a rullyman, and if he says that I told him I had asked Wells for £3 he is not speaking the truth. If Norris says I told him I had asked Wells for his watch he is not speaking the truth. The box in which the two bottles were kept I bought in Len don, when I was up in London at the Exhibition year. It cost 9d. or Is., in the Lowther-arcade. (The box was produced in court and identified by the witness.) Mrs. Woolmancy was also recalled, and in answer to Mr. Gresham, said—l remember the police-con stable coming to my house last Friday to fetch the box in which the bottles had been. (The box was again produced and identified.) I told him I would get the key and empty it of its contents if he would wait. He replied that be was in a hurry, and I was to bring it down to the Mansion-house. The box had some money and papers in it. We have had the box about seven years. (Sensation in court.) [The stipendiary said if the persons in the gallery did not restrain their feelings he would have the court cleared, as it should not be turned into a bear gar den.] Witness continued—My husband bought it for our little girl, who is dead. It was a money box, and when the child was living she used to put her money into it. After the child died the box was put away, and none of the other children were allowed to have it. About three months ago my husband wanted a box to put his papers in, so I brought out this one, and it has been in use since. We have no other box in our house like this one. I was not at the Exhibition last year, but my hus band was. He brought home a doll a-piece for the children and a cruet-stand for me. He brought neither myself nor the children a box like the one produced. Of this lam quite positive. My hus band never told me that he had purchased a box at the Lowther-arcade. I never heard him say one word about having brought anything of the kind. He could not have brought the box home without my knowledge. The Stipendiary—l shall give no further opinion about the case, but discharge both prisoners for tile present. (Applause.) The prisoners were then set at liberty. COUNTRY MARKETS. - NORTHAMPTON-SATURDAY. Harvest is over in this county, and wheat has proved more than an average yield. Root crops look very well. —White wheat, 44s to 465:; red, 42s to 44s ; fine, —s to —s per qr. Barley, 34s to 406—grinding, 286 . t0 30s; Oats, 28s to 32s per 24 stone. Beans, 383 to 425. Peas, 34s to 40s per qr. LEICESTER-SATURDAY. New white wheat, 44s to 468 ; , red, 42s to 458 per 36 stone. Old red, 428 to 45s per 36 stone. Barley, malting, new, 36s to 39s per qr.; grinding, 29s to 325; old oats, 258 to 395; new oats, 22s to 25s per 24 stone. Beans, old, 40s to 42s per 38 stone ; flour, 30s to 35s per 20 atone. YORK-S. ,TURDAY. The supply of wheat at market to-day was moderate, and late prices were about maintained. Wheat, red 44s to 46s Oats.... 2os to 24s White do .48s to 528 Beans 33- to 42. Barley .308 to 326 Feas .....--8 to --- S Malt, 62s to 64s per qr.; rye, 32s per qr ; flour, 33s to 35s per sack. NOTTINGHAM-SATURDAY. White wheat, from 43s to 49s ; red wheat, 40s to 418. Barley—malting, 35s to 418 ; grinding, 28s to 31s. Oats, old, at 24s to 31s Od; new, 22s to 278. Beans sold at 084 to 43s per qr, ; new, 38s to 425. GRANTHAM-SATURDAY. Old white wheat, 44a to 4Es ; red, 43s to 45s per 36st. ; now white, 44s to 465; red, 436 to 455. Malting barley, 36s to 38s per qr ; grinding, 30s to 32s ; oats, old, 26s t 3 28s; new, 23s to2ss ; beans, 40s to 425; peas, 36s to 40s. NORWICH-SATURDAY. There was a rather liberal supply of wheat to-day, but the demand was slow, and late prices declined is to 2s per qr for all descriptions. There was an increased show of barley. Oats, beans, and peas dull. White wheat. 46s to 47- Red wheat 43s to 441 Malting barley ...36s to 38s f Chevalier barley 36s to 374 Distilling do . 33s to 35s Oats.. 24:• to 28s Flour, 31s Od to —s Cad per sack from the miller. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton .. Sept. 18 via Marseilles Oct 13. Brazil and Cape Verde, by British packet. Oct. 5. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena Sept. '2B. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton. Sept. 18. via Marseilles Sept. 27. Falkland Islands . _ Gibraltar, via Southampton Sept. 18. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Sept. 18. via Marseilles Sept. 27. India (Bombay), via Southampton . . Sept. 25. via Marseilles .. .tept. 20. P0rtuga1.......... Malta,_ Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Sept. 18. via Marseilles .. Sept. 20. Newfoundland .. Oct. 1. Oporto and Vigo U. S. and British. N. America, by Brit. packet.... Sept. 24, by U.S. packet.... by Canadian packet. Sept. 18. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe ..Oct. 10. Bahamas, via New York Sept. '24. Mexico .... Sept. ;8. All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, I Sept. 28 California. and British Columbia.. . THE VALUE OF A SPARROW.—A large crowd of persons attended at the sale-rooms in Adelaide, attracted chiefly by the announcement that the birds, &c., brought out in the Orient would be submitted to public competition. They fetched in many instances very high prices. An English sparrow without his sage fetched lls., rather a high price for a sparrow, although as it is the sole survivor of 100 shipped by the importer, it will be rather dear to the buyer than profitable to the seller. A couple of blackbirds sold for 688., a goldfinch canary for 355,, and other birds fetched high prices. Swan River parrots sold for 30s. each. The auctioneer dwelt facetiously upon the qualities of sparrows, considered as the farmer's friends, although, as the sparrow he sold was warranted to be the " only one in the colony," it is difficult to see how the race of sparrows is thereby introduced. A similar difficulty presents itself with regard to the blackbirds, which the for tunate purchaser was assured were both cocks l— flustra• lien and New Zealand Gazette. , of a son. Captain William Knollys, Births. KNOLLYS.—On the 16th inst. a t Aberdeen, th e wife of of a daughter. MILLA.is.—On the 18th inst„ at Sou th Kensington, the wile of John Everett Millais, A.R..A TATTIA3I.—On the 17th inst., at 1, 93d Sutherland h i g hlanders, . Sussex-gardens, Hyde. park, the wife of Meaburn Smith Tatham, of a daughter. WAX.E.—On the 16th inst., at Courteenhall, Northamp. Royal Navy, of a son. ton,the wife of Captain Charles Wake, Marriages. N e wy Darley, Esq., of Aldby•park, York- DARLEY-ATTi.-Oti the 17th inst., at the parish church, Rugby, s hi re , to Charlotte, daughter of James Atty, Esq. • of Rugby. pimrs.—On the 19th inst., at St. John's,Yeovil, Thomas Wersford Mayo, of Swallow Cliff, Wilts, to Ellen Maria, only daughter of H. B. Phelps, Esq., of the former place. Deaths. CLARK E.—On the 19th inst., at Charlton, Major-General Robert Clarke, R.A., aged 74. ELTON.—On the 19th inst., at Maida-hill, Thos. Marwood Elton, aged 48. GOODEN OUCH.—On the 16th inst,, at Oxford, Anna Julian Goodenough, aged 94. GILEEN.—At 2, Park-road. Upper Holloway, and late of Old Change, city, Mr. J. T. Green, aged 48. HANBURY.—On the 18th inst.. at Frohsdorf, Eastbourne, Francis William, second son of Robert Hanbury, Esq., M.P., aged 111 years. HARKER.—On the 18th inst., at Stoke Newington, George Harker, Esq , of Upper Thames-street, aged 65. lIERBERT.—On the 18th inst., at Great Malvern, William Herbert, Esq., of Cavendish House, Clapham-common, aged 72. London: Prinzed and Pubiislied by WILLIAM ANDREWS, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tn Svc Office No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy , in the county of • ididdlesek—Moniv, September 21, ISO, & ,