The Sun. — London, England, 1863-09-08 00:00:00

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA. (From the Tunes' Corre3pontlent) YG - 111i, Aug. 25. Great joy _prey Ills among tne Republicans, Aboli tionists, and Eaterrainators et the destruction of Fort Sumter and the probability of the c apture of Charleston, or of the ruins of: what was once that proud and valiant little city. They believe the end of the war to be close at hand, and their organs are all busily debating the terms of a reconstruction of the Union. They are not, for the most part, inclined to be merciful. Nothing less than the immediate emancipation of the slaves, the public execution of Mr. Jefferson Davis and Mr. Stephens, and a few of the most prominent Southern Generals, the banish ment of minor offenders, and the division of the plantations and all the cultivable waste lands of the cotton, sugar, and rice districts among the loyal servants of the Federal Government, seems to sa tisfy to their excited minds the justice .of the cause. This done, the Confederate and Federal armies are to be united, reorganised, and divided into three great and invincible divisions;—one to be .retained at home for the preservation of domestic order; a second to he despatched to Mexico to vindicate the Monroe doctrine and expel the French from Mexico; and the third to march to Canada to wreak ven geance upon Great Britain for having allowed Mr. Laird and other shipbuilders to construct Alabamas and Floridas to prey upon American commerce, and generally to rub off old scores with a nation whom it is the point of honour to hate, to envy, and to desire io humiliate. The democratic party are less exube rant and demonstrative. They rejoice, it is true, at theapproaching fall of Charleston, but they take a soberer view of the probable consequences of the vic tory. They understand the Southern temper better than their Republican brethren, and urge that the moment of success is not the moment of vengeance, but of conciliation; and call upon Mr. Lincoln, as soon as the Federal flag shall wave over Charleston and Chattanooga,to proclaim a general amnesty,and sum mon a convention of the people of all the States, both North and South, to confer upon the terms of union, or of compromise. But though such opinions are those of three-fifths of the Northern people, they are not those of the party in power. Mr. Lincoln will exhibit no such statesmanship or generosity. He is iu the hands of the Revolutionists, and must do their bidding; even though he awake hereafter to the melancholy conviction that he misunderstood his function, missed his opportunity, and was the real destructive of that edifice of constitutional li berty which it was his duty to conserve. While great events are pending in South Caro lina and in Tennessee, the peop le of New York are busily occupied with the conscription. On Wednes day last, when the draught commenced, from 20,000 to 25,000 troops, including infantry, cavalry, and artillery, were stationed at convenient points of the city to overawe the refractory multitude. Although not the slightest attempt at riot has occurred, the people, relying apparently on the 3,000,000 pro mised by the municipality as sufficient to purchase the exemption of every poor conscript who may be unwilling to serve, the Federal Government has not ceased to pour additional regiments into the city. Neither by day nor by night for the hat week has the military invasion slackened for an hour. On Saturday and Sunday large numbers of infantry and cavalry arrived, among which was a considerable detachment from the army of the Potomac. Every square, enclosure, and open space from the Battery to the Central Park —a distance of five miles—has been converted into a camp. The children and their nursemaids have been driven out of their shady haunts to make room for the sun-browned veterans of civil strife, and the scraggy steeds of the cavalry, for which the Federal Government has paid from £4O to £5O per head, but for which no London cab owner would give a £lO note. The troops look and behave as if they were in an enemy's country ; which may, perhaps, be the fact. They are sup posed to have with them from 80 to 100 pieces of artillery ; but as no one out of the charmed circle of official and military life has taken the trouble to count them, or knows anything but what cursory observation may elicit, it is possible that this num ber may be exaggerated. At any rate the cannon are not concealed. They stand in public places, and prophesy, even while silent, of stirring days to come. Nor ig the military the only force available. The two rivers that border the island of Manhattan are traversed nigfrt , and day by vigilant little gun boats, which dart to• and fro the whole length of the city, and are not on:y ready to pour a raking fire down rebellious cross streets that may be indicated to their commanders, but to transport Federal troops from point to point, i'hus obviating the delay and incovenience of a march. Bat as no military force whatever—not even a corporal's guard—is le gitimately required in New York at this moment, provided always that the municipality, in spite of the veto of Mayor Opdyke, intend to poem the ordi nance for the three million of dollars on which the people rely, it may well be asked why there is such a formidable display of m ilitar y strength ? Events will answer—the Federal Government seem deter mined upon a coup d'etat. It does not wish the municipality to buy off its conscripts. It wishes to crush the rights of the Stateof New York, once and for e ver ; and for this purpose nothing would be so muc h to its mind as a riot. Mayor Opdyke is doing its behests in this respect. He doggedly refuses to sign the ordinance which would render disturbance impossible and deprive it of its only pret jus. tification. The truth is, that Governor Seymour is in Mr. Lincoln' s way, an d that the rights of the State are an impediment to the Federal des • potism, which it is part of the ministerial plan to establish. Military law to the supersedence of all others, to endure from this time until the conclusion of the next Presidential election, is what Mr. Lincoln and his friends mean. In filling New York with such an army as VOW occupies it, they have shown their cards. The most careless and uninterested of spectators can tee the play. If New York submit with but slight restiveness, Gener a l Dix will remain its military go vernor. It by forcibte resistance to the drauget it gives the Governm e nt, the chance fo: wotch the ode') I ' 8 of the Cabinet earnestly pray, and which Alt Opdyk e , has done his utmost to provoke, General Bather wil l prohably be the man of the hour; and a stout will be driven by a strong hand into the coffin of Am er i can liberty. It' it wer e (e possible t o co n ce de that the draught lit a purely military and not a politica l me asure, it mightb-worth while to calculate from I :no wn facts What a dditional s t rengt h the Govern. we nt is like;y to deli froth it for the replenish tui lit of its armieB. While Mr. Chas e h as much Vwe to "let on" greenbacks a4',,Loudon turncock but to l et on water.— fr om theallbut inexhaustible n ier voir ut h:s comma n d it i lear en ugh that t h e Governm ent needs m en more e than ow es small thanks t o th e rich con money ; and that it as soo n ee they are drawn, p a y their 3 00 doll. who, a., and think no enore of the matter. The Onl y gr u it owes therct is that they p a y without grumbling.atit d e A far larger cl'iss , comp osed of y oun g men in trade and learned prokeeinns—who can ill spate 300 dole., but who would at art y sacrifice rather pay thrice the ronally, to the temporary money than serve pc ee re it ruin of their usi linquishment or pet Mans nes s -- a fund, on b which th e contribute their greenbacks to turchase of sub- Government may draw for the s titutes; but they pay unwillingly, w ith a mental reservation against the unconstitutionality of the act which mulcts them of their bard-won substance, or quite as often with an outspoken opposition to the Government and its policy. Of these two classea it is estimated that not one in to undred in New Evgland and New York will e service. There swain only the labouring classes. What their sentiments are in New York is well known. Their belief that the municipality will do for them what the rich do for themselves keeps them quiet. It is possible, perhaps, that one in ten among them, young, strong, reatless, and not in permanent em ploy, may elect to don the uniform and shoulder the musket ; but if such be th,ft proportion of real sol diers in all the three classes of veople from whom they can be drawn, it is evident th2t the only re source of the Government is the purchase of!' l3 . l "li' tutes with the money thus provided. Where, then, are the substitutes to be found ? Among the newly arrived immigrants from Ireland and G ermany in the first place, and. in the second, among the late volunteers who flew to arms at an eariy period of the struggle, and who, having survived • bloody battlefields of Ball Run, Antietam, Frei, icksbueg, Chaneelloreville, and Gettysburg, an : served out their full term of enlistment, have :a ned home, if not smitten with a love of military VP, unfitted for any other. These two resources combined will certainly not provide the Government with 300,000 men, or even with one-third of that number. At the utmost it may be calculated that 50,000 or 60,000 will be thus derivable. These 60,000 men will have cost the wealthier classes 90 millions dole., but will be procured by the Government for 18 millions, leaving it a gainer of 72 millions, which it does not need, and a large amount of unpopularity, which it cannot afford to possess. The conscription, how ever, is not a military but a political measure. By its own showing the Government is not really in want of men. Its supporters never cease to insist that the rebellion received its coup de grace at Gettysburg, Vicksburg, and Port Hudson, and that with the speedy capture or destruction of Charles ton the Ut'ion cannot fail to be re-established by the Ist of January. Why, then, demand fresh armies from an unwilling country ? "To crush out the liberties of the American people and establish the Republican party in power for another Presidential term, if not to inaugurate a military despotism," say Ote Democrats. "To drive the French out of Mexico and the British out of Canada," say the Re publicans. How much truth there may bein b ei y th n e o r or in both of those allegations—for the one neat Presdential vis for the ne i occur as soon as the eanv. means neutralises tii.e other—the events that must election is fairly commenc.7'd prove, p p when it will be too late for the Ameri can people toerha profit by the painfully acquir ed know.'edge that they have been fooled and betrayed. 4 tit present, however , their thou g hts run in a dif ferent channel. Always arde nt worshi pp ers of he " almighty dollar," they never before worshipped it with such singleness of heart and such intensity of devotion as now. The delusive hope of sudden wealth—to be won in a morning, and enjoyed for a long lifetime, possesses the minds of almost every body above the condition of a day labourer. The stock and railway share mania continues to rage with increasing fury. Ordinary business is too dull, slow, and unprofitable for consideration. Mr. Chase is issuing the reserve greenbacks which he has withheld, until unable to confront any longer the dissatisfaction of the army ; and there is a con sequent plethora of paper that inflates prices and sets the whole tribe of speculators mad with the passion of gambling. To those the prolonga tion of the war is but the prolongation of the ehances of money -making. They dread nothing so much as peace, and are almost sorry that Fort Sumter has been destroyed. While the principals in banking-houses and brokers' offices are making their millions by assiduous watching of the chances of the fascinating game, their clerks can count their gains by tens and hundreds of thousands. Young men who a year ago were glad to serve at the desk for the modest salary of six or eight hundred dollars per annum now revel in newly-acquired wealth; have their pleasant villas on the Hudson or on the East River; drink a fraudulent imitation of Chateau Margaux instead of lager beer; buy their wives preposterous jewelry, and think it "common" in a lady to wear a shawl that has not cost a thousand dollars. Every one seems to be winning, and no one seems to be losing. So profuse is everybody's expenditure that a dollar appears to be of no more value in the estimation even of a waiter at a res taurant than a fourpenny piece would be in Eng land. The shoeblack thinks a passenger meaner than a Yankee who offers him less than an English shilling for cleaning his boots; and an Irish hack driver would no more think of driving a traveller a mile through the streets for less than three dollars than he would think of performing the same service for pure love and affection. Never were such din ner parties given since New York was a city as are given now. Delmoniao's three excellent restaurants in Beever-street, Chambers-street, and Fourteenth street, at the beginning, the middle, and the end of the dining region of the metropolis, are kept fully employ ei ; and dinners of 20 or 30 persons at 20 dole, a head, exclusive of wine, are of nightly occurrence. The guests prefer the choicest and most costly vintages, regardless of the paper price. Madeira at 1,5 dole. a bottle, Chateau Laffitte at the same rate, and Cliambeitin at 16 dots., are none too expensive for their tastes. Why should they be ? Do not many of these people often make as much as 10,000 in a forenoon in the rise of stocks that fluc tuate as much as 12 per cent. from day to day ? And have they not as much right as the fool in Scripture to say, " Let us eat and drink for to morrow we die." The Charing-Cross Railwa3 Terminus. The structure, with all the rest of the works connected with it, the hotel excepted, is fast approaching completion, and when finished will be one of the most extensive build ings of the kind in the metropolis, as it will be among the most convenient to the public. The frontage of the edifice will stand back from the line of the Strand about 120 ft., leaving a fine open space opposite the Church of St. Martin.in-the-fields, and affording commodious ap proaches to the station. The building, when complete, will occupy the whole of the ground east and west between Craven and Villiers streets, a distance of nearly 300 ft., and backward to the margin of the river; in other words, it will take in the entire site of what used to be Hungerford-mar ket, and a great deal of the adjacent property besides. The general plan of the station includes, as its most conspicuous feature, a hotel of magnificent proportions, which is being erected from designs by Mr. E. M. Barry, the architect. This part of the building will present a front of five storys towards the Strand, with a wing of equal elevation, occupy ing the greater part of the western side of Villiers-street. The hotel is being built of stone and white bricks, orna mented here and there with terra cotta. The Strand front will be surmounted by two lofty towers, one at each end, and have a pointed roof somewhat like that of the West minster Falace Hotel. The terminus itself will be covered by a lofty roof of iron an I glass, with a span of about 170tt, and similar in appearance and mode of construction to that of the New-street station of the London and North-Western Railway at Birmingham. Nearly the whole of the basement story fronting the Strand will be devoted to bookinz offices, w:tiring-roms, paces of entrance and exit, and the like, elegant roof or awning projecting over the f oo t and : : 1 17 1 e yvAy ou , side. The principal entrance to the hotel will be by a handsnme portico at the corner of Villiers street. Mr. Luflas is the contracetnorewfoermthpelemyteicslo.nsreymo the i ef 300 ,o°elril are of the works, and ab out r h e o e t r e e l , e a re t w e n h g i c a h g e t t r i b o i u n t 15 : k n e w !) e a, t ni r ge o g n . g. Much of the iron wor k the puddlers in " t h e ' a l s 0 ° b heedisn expendedde la y e last , fortnight.. ,.er A n l s r s . Wythes, midgewblhacokeocnoustnlturcyt'e'ddtuhrei?gtlie of the Charing-cross Railway, the eminent engineer, alsofr omt the designe principalby Mr. contractorilLw is s .. s ;. n i fE t t e h d o station by fr i r. Henry Sharp, s in ha t r h p : e e r ng n a e g e e r d th in e management of vc hieh he whom cle tn k a in re gs n e o n ii the e e d o i l re f n o t u ie r n b e r f ot s h im er i s la , r t p h u rte lie of un be carried on metropolis. Mr. Stanton is the resident. railway in crossing the river will The bridge itself i n e four er. linestwo each i n e e w n a n y e , e b t i ti e t n these w iexpandththe te r f fan-wise On the was recently subjected to a severe preliminary t lute seven eilt. different was a deliec first span on the Surrey side a weight equal to tons was placed. The result, it is understood, w removal of tion of only three - eighth ' of an inch, and on the ' about 700 the tha npressure eighth that f p e a n r t inchof th e e f its structure erigin setti position . backto A withinles s path way for foot passengers, about 7 feet wide, with an .deof orna mental balustrade, is now being carried along each sr he the bridge, and the bridge itself is being adapted for the railway, ADVERTIOEMENT vate chroni c .]—Avoid medicines: they always a ggra ring cemplaints, but Du Barry's Delicious Health t ong its cost in athe Revalenta Arabica Food, which saves fifty times perfect digestion'. remedies, invariably cures them, restoring pure blood, refreslisitnrcroug nerves, sound lungs, healthy liver, to the most disordered or functional regularity, and energy o f 60,000 Cures :—^ oer enfeebled. We extract a few out a liver No. 58,216 of the Marchioness de Brethan, Part s , of :.Cure a n c e omplaint, wasting away for seven years, debility, with palpitation all over, bad 1 dig es tion, constant sleeplessrvne°sBusp,sitrihe most intolerable nervous agitation, and dreadfully low "Fifty yeartear,tord td. —Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies, Lord Lieut. of dyspepsia. —No. 49,832., of many years' from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, i ndescribable agony flatulency, Vasa% sickness, and vornitii7h, constipation, 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of r g r i — r :alla Jolly." —Cure No. n o diseased lungs, spitting of blood, eY' trreY' of thirty yea No. 47 1 ment, and parti4l de af ness ' ' — Cure ~ 4 21. 31168 Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervoL..guess' i ndigestion, gatherings, low No. 51,816. The Rey. Jac spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure _ T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, "of indigo, h 1 and tOrPi dity or the 'fiver, which had resisted all medical treatme; ' iii tlllO, 1 lb., 2s. 9d. ; 21b., 4s. 6d ; 51b., lls. ; 121 b., 22 8 . ; 247 b 40s. —Barry I , ii Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London; also Fortnum and Mason ; and all Grocers and Chemists in eYerlf town of the United Kingdom. THE SUN, LONDON TUESDAY ENENING, SEPTEMBER 8, 1863. RAILWAY INTELLIGE NCE. NORTH LONDON. Yesterday a large body of workmen commenced the demo lition on an extensive scale of several hundred houses in Sun•street, Long-alley, and the neighbourhood, to make way for their city terminus. All the property required in the Kingsland-road and Dalston is also undergoing demo lition, the houses being chiefly in confined and ill-venti lated thoroughfares and in a dilapidated condition. The effect has been to displace a large number of the inhabitants, who have, however, been arranged with by the railway company according to their respective eases and vsitions. The contract for the construction of the City Extension be tween Kingsland and Liverpool-street, City, has just been let to Messrs. Waring for £215,000. MANCHESTER, SHEFFIELD, AND LINCOLN- SHIRE. The total expenses of this company's railways, including rents, tolls, duty, &c., from July 1 to August 30, 1863, amounted to £53,754, as against £54,262 for the correspond ing period of 1862. The proportion of the South Junction receipts accruing to this company from July 1 to August 30 amounted to £6,190, as against £5,770 for the correspond. ing period of 1862, and the expenses to £2,319, as against £2,390. INVERNESS AND PERTH JUNCTION. The opening of this company's line throughout from Perth to the Inverness railway at Forres has been defini tively arranged to take place to-morrow, the 9th inst. Cap tain Tyler, R E., the Government inspector, has been over the line and examined the works, accompanied by the Hon. T. C. Bruce, the chairman, and some of the directors, GREAT WESTERN OF CANADA. It appears that the directors of this company have been informed by their financial agent in Canada that the loss on through traffic collected and converted ascertained from the Ist to the 22d of August amounted to the sum of 5,488 dols. 71c. (£1,127 16s. 4d.), and that there remained a further sum of American funds for conversion at that date of 5,942 dols. 46c. In addition to which there were balances in account with connecting railways still unadjusted. PUNJAB. The sum of £14,900 was on Saturday paid to the credit of the Secretary of State for India in Council, making, with pref.'ous Payments of £485,000, a total of £500,000 on ac count oi!he Inconvertible Punjab Railway debentures re cently issued, /Raring interest at the rate of 4i per cent. per annum. CRYSTAL PALA qE DISTRICT GAS. The report of the directors staLgs that the works and plant are in good order and effective. The profits for the half-year ending the 30th June are £3,423, out of which the directors recommend a dividend at the rate of 6 per cent. per annum on the preference capital, and at the rate of 10 par cent. per annum on the ordinary capital of the company, both free of income-tax, leaving with £l7B from the preceding half-year, a balance of £245, The balance-sheet showed that £18,950 had been expended on capital account, leaving a balance at the bankers of £8,683. The revenue account for the half year ending the 30th June shows that L 11,916 had been re ceived, and £8,494 expended, leaving a balance of £3,423. MIDDLESEX SESSIONS—Sept. 7. (Before Mr. Pa...rie,) At the sitting of the Court considerable delay was occa-• sioned it consequence of the numerous excuses being offered by persons who had ken summoned as traverse jurymen, principally upon the ground of being upwards of 60 years of age, yhich, of course, formed a legal ground of exemp• tion. Out of a panel of 60 persons summoned at this ses• sion only 30 could be found qualified as jurymen, and this is the case nearly every session. Mr. Payne commented with some severity on the way in which persons over 60 years of age were summoned to act as jurors, whose names ought not to be on the list. The summoning ()Meer said the whole fault lay with the overseer, apfj from the defective way in which the lists Were maile out. In many eases the names of persons were sent in as qualified to act as jurors who had been dead four or five years, had gone away, or were otherwise disqualified, but the sheriff in issuing his precept had no means of ascer taining these facts. In the present instance the jurors were summoned from the parish of St. Pancras. John Brown was indicted for assaulting John Michael Connor, a constable of the Metropolitan Police, in the exe cution of his duty. Mr. Cooper (instructed by the Treasury) prosecuted ; Mr. Ribton defended. John M Connor, 56 E, said, on the 20th July, at about half-past 12 o'clock at night, he was on duty at Marylebone stree t, where lie saw the prisoner,two other men, and a woman. The prisoner and the two men were talking together at the corner of a street. He knew the prisoner from having seen him hundreds of times in the street, although he did not know his name. While they were talking a young man passed by and accidentally touched one of the men who was with the prisoner, who upon that began abusing the young man, and using the foulest language. Witness spoke to this man and told him that he ought not to insult people at that hour in the morning, and that it would be the best plan to go home, as it was then getting very late. The men said they would do so. Witness went on about three yards, when one of the men who was in the company of the prisoner said, "You -, I will settle you." He returned and asked him what he said, but he did not repeat the word. Witness said, " You must go home now," and put his hand on his shoulder and pushed him into the street. That was not the prisoner, but one of his companions. This man put himself into fighting attitude, when the prisoner came up and struck witness a violent blow in the mouth with his fist, and in consequence of that blow he fell backwards and his head came in contact with the curbstone. It was a violent blow and it knocked out one of his teeth. The next morn ing he found himself in the hospital, and was there for 13 days. He remained insensible the whole of that night and part of the next day. He was examined before his discharge by the hospital surgeon, and afterwards by Mr. Ross, the divisional surgeon. Cross-examined by Mr. Ribton—There was no particular disturbance that night, as Sunday is usually a quiet night. Witness had not spoken to the man more than two minutes before he was knocked down. Peter Frampton, an undertaker, said at half-past 12 o'clock on the night of the 19th of July he was in Maryle bone•street. He saw the prisoner and two men standing talking, and he touched one of them accidentally in passing. Witness saw a friend home whom he was with, and re turned the same way. When he came back the policeman was speaking to the men, advising them to go home.. He ordered them off, and then he (witness) went away. One of the men made use of bad language, to the effect that he would finish him. Mr. Itibton—You being an undertaker, that would just have suited you. (Laughter.) Witness—And it would have suited for you. I should be happy to oblige you at any time. (A laugh.) Mr. Ribton—Not at present, I thank you. (Renewed laughter.) Witness continued—The prosecutor pushed the man into the street, when the prisoner came up behind him suddenly and knocked the policeman down. He struck him in the mouth, which rendered him insensible. All three men then went away. Witness was sure the prisoner was the man, as he was not more than four feet from him when this occurred. Mr. Tyer. house surgeon at Middlesex Hospital, said the constable Connor was brought in on the morning of July 20th in a state of unconsciousness. He had a contused scalp wound and a concussion of the brain. Mr. G. Ross, surgeon to the u divisio n of police, said he saw Connor on his discharge from the hospital. He was still suffering under great debility, and had been under his care ever since. He was still unfit for duty. John Rogers, police-constable 47 E, said he took the pri soner into custody on the 11th ult. He told him he should take him into custody for an assaul t on a police-constable in Merylebone-street, at the corner of Ogle-street, on the 20th of July. He said it was not he, as he was put to bed drunk that night at 11 o'clock. This witness was cross-examined at gr eat length by Mr. Ribton as to whether he had not stated before the magis trate that the prisoner had said he was not the man. For some time he did not answer the question, upon which Mr. Ribton asked to have the depositions before the magistrate read. In these it appeared that the witness had stated that the prisoner had denied that he was the man. The witness having acknowledged that the depositions were read over to him, and that he had signed them, in ex planation of his omission said he had forgotten it. Mr. Ribton, at great length, addressed the jury on behalf of the defendant, and said he should call witnesses who would positively establish the fact that this was not the man who struck the blow, and unless they should believe that they came forward to commit wilful and corrupt perjury, they would give justice and acquit the prisoner. Four witnesses were called, two of them stating that at 11 o'clock on the 19th of July, they saw the defendant Brown lying drunk in front of the house where he lodged; that they assisted in putting him to bed, and they could positively assert that he never left the house during that night. The other two witnesses swore that they were pre sent in Marylebone-street, and saw the assault committed upon the prosecutor, but it was not by the defendant at the bar. They were positive that it was not the prisoner who struck the blow, as the man who did commit the offence was much shorter and altogether unlike him in appearance. Within a few days they had seen the man who really com mitted the offence. In cr ,ss-exami na tion by Mr. Cooper, the two l a tt er wit nesses said they were in attendance at the police-office for the purpose of giving evidence, but the magi s t ra t e as ki ng if there were any more witnesses on behalf of the prisoner, the policeman said, " They are all of the Ogle-street gan g .," and they were not called. They were asked by the policeman to speak to the identity of the man Brown as the person who committed the assault, but they denied that he was so, and they were not examined. Mr. Cooper replied upon the evidence given on the part of the prisoner, and contended that the persons who hod some forward had been called to prop up the case for the prisoner, and it was at least very strange th a t as they knew the man who really com mitt ed the assault, and knew also that an innocent man was in custody, charged with the offence, they had taken no steps to bring the real offender to justice. The witnesses who had been called on the part of the prosecution were most respectable persons, and as the jury had seen their demeanour and the way in which they had given their evidence, he saw no reason why their testi• mony should be doubted, or why they should, under the sense of a solemn obligation, come forward to commit per jury to serve a man who was almost a stranger to them. He believed the case had been fully made out, and he called upon the jury to return a verdict against the prisoner. Mr. Payne minutely surmnel up the evidence. The jury, after a long consultation, returned a verdict of not guilty. _ _ . . Wm. Parker, 23, barman, was indicted for stealing Cs and other moneys, the property of Tom Surridge, his master. The prisoner p'eaded Guilty. Mr. Sleigh appeared for the prosecution; Mr. M. Wil - hams for the prisoner. Mr. Sleigh said he appeared on the part of the prosecution in this matter, and he was afraid that the Court would be of opinion that it was one of the worst of its class, for although the prisoner was charged in the indictment with only steal ing Cs., yet Mr. Surridge had lost altogether upwards of £BOO, and since the prisoner had been in custody, his tak ings had been plus £lO per week. That systematic plunder had been carried on was made manifest from the fact that the prisoner had a bag which he secreted in a hole in the floor, and covered it over with a carpet. Mr. Surridge, hav ing his su , picions, put himself in communication with Ser geant Joy, of the C division, who found the money in the hole increase from time to time, and among it some of the m - mey that had previously been marked by Mr, Surridge. He was then taken into custody, under the advice of Mr. M. Williams, he bad pleaded guilty, but he (Mr. Sleigh) would have been guilty of dereliction of duty if he had not stated these facts, and Mr. Surridge, in justice to the body of licensed victuallers to which he belonged, as well as to him self, felt bound to institute these proceedings. Mr. M. Williams, for the prisoner, said there was nothing against his previous character, and he believed his former master with whom he served was willing again to take him into his service. He asked for the mercy of the Court on account of his youth, and of his having yielded to a tempta tion that he had not strength of mind to resist. Mr. Sleigh said that Mr. Surridge was present if his lordship wished to ask him any question. He had paid the prisoner £25 a year, he had his board and lodging . , and was treated as one of the family. Mr. Payne deferred passing sentence until Friday. George Thallman, prosecuted at the last sessions of this Court by the Associate lustitution for Improving and En forcing the Laws for the Protection of Women, and con victea of in4ecentiy exposing himself on the top of a house, was again broughr up :• - It will be remembered that an objection was taken at the trial by Mr. Best, the prisoner's counsel, that the top of a house which could not be seen from the public thoroughfare, althor_gh it might be seen by the inmates from the back part dt 'it; was not such a p#li9 plane as could bring the prisoner within the df)eratioal Of the act. Mr. Payne said the point raised by'Mr. Best was ono of considerable importance, and it ought to be settled by a superior court. He should therefore remand the prisoner until liovemter, and i n th e meantime a ease w ou ld b e sub mittedlor the decisi on . of t h e C our t of C r i m i na l Appeal. He w ould allow the pris oner to give bail for his of them to isappearani: h given en he might be requfr 61) ed, himself in the sum £BO, and two s ureties of t;25 each, and 24 hours' notice • tpor:Tory, . SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. -~ TIIIES.-It, may possibly have been observed that our ladian intelligence of yesterday comprised cm-- tein enthentic reports from the kingdom or country of Affghenistan. The recent demise of the Crown in that happy State has been followed by consider able dissension in the Royal family, and "three parties," we are told, have already declared them selves. One of these interesting factions is headed by Shere Ali Khan, and Mahomed Sherif Khan, a second is led by Futteh Mahomed Khan Sullaloo deen Khan, ant a third obeys the command of M. homedAzimKhan, Mahomed Asian Khan, and Ma homed Osman Khan. The reader may very naturally anticipate that we propose to explain the pedigrees of these princes, the relations subsisting between them, and the hopes or desires by which each may be animated in commencing a family quarrel and a civil war. We propose nothing of the kind. On the contrary, we devotedly trust that every one of these names may remain for ever as utterly strange and barbarous to English ears as it is at present. Never may it fall to our lot to introduce such char ecters upon the political stage. It is solely for the purpose of depreciating auy concern whatever in the subject that we refer to it this morning. The feuds of this precious family did once cost us sacri fices so terrible that we cannot look back without a shudder. 'We took it upon ourselves to conclude, some twenty years ago, that it would be a judicious thing for us to pull down one Khan and set up another for the sake of establishing a species of influence in this savage wilderness. The result was one of the most shocking disasters were sustained by the British arms. We lost an army, and almost lest an empire. The "Affghan expedition " plunged India into debt and difficulty for years, and left behind it memories which we should think could never be effaced. Yet we actually read in our in telligence that "an army of observation " is ex pected to assemble at Peshawur, on the Affghan frontier, in the ensuing cold weather, and that " it is more than probable that these forces will have something to do." We can only say that if, after the lesson we have received, we meddle again with the affairs of Affghanistan, it will be the very extravagance of folly. "Disturbances," it is added, " seem almost unavoidable in Cabul." We have not the least doubt of it. Bloodshed seems almost un avoidable in Dahomey, and the two prospects con cern us in about an equal degree. There has never been a time, we suppose, when the Princes of the Dooranee family were not at war among themselves, except when they were controlled by some excep tionally powerfully chief. It is only by an abuseof terms that the country can be called a monarchy. Its provinces are governed by members of the reign ing House whose independence has been commonly complete, thongh seldom allowed. The new Ameer of Cabul, titular successor of Dost Mahomed, will, no doubt, find his title contested by a dozen others. Dost Mahomed himself had first to seize his place and then to maintain it. Nothing ire the world is more likely or natural than that every one of the Khans whose titles we have specified should set himself up in some city or other, and do his best to acquire, first independence, and then supremacy. Every Prince in the family will undoubtedly attempt to avoid obeying anybody himself, and to make everybody else obey him. In this contest, too, they will all resort to intrigue, and endeavour to secure the support of allies. " The Persians," we are in formed, will add" a fourth element to the coming struggle." That is as probable as anything can be. We do but repeat our most anxious hope that a fifth " element" may not be supplied from British terri tory. Hardly, even with a map before him, could any reader be brought to comprehend the madness which possessed us in 1839. Of course nobody, even then, ventured to assert that the affairs of Affghanistan, considered in themselves, could import anything to the interests of British India. It was not suggested, either, that Persia was a State in whose policy we need take much concern. We had to stride across the barbarous wilds of those two realms, and reach the frontier of a very different Power, before we could discover the real source of alarm. If Russia had not bordered on Persia as Persia bordered on Affghanistan, we should never have persuaded ourselves that any danger loomed in the distance, What we were induced to fancy was that Russia might set Persia in motion, that the Persians might fall upon the Affghans, and that, when the road had thus been levelled for the advance, the hosts of the Cesr might begin their march from the shores of the Caspian to the banks of the Indus; We resolved, therefore, to snap the chain in its nearest link, and to set up in Cabul a Power capable of resisting, in our interest, the an ticipated attack of the Persians. These people did cross their own frontier, and did lay siege to the border town of Herat, but they had forsaken the enterprise and retired to their own territories even before we commenced our expedition in toAffghaeis tan. If we had not been utterly blind, we should have seen that, as fac as the relief of our misgiv ings went, whatever the most successful war could do had been already done, At the present time, however, there exists no such sprit as was allowed to set all this machinery in motion five-and-twenty years ago. We are no longer afraid of a Russian in vasion of India. We do not imagine that any such project is contemplated, and still less that the pre sent period would be selected for putting it into execu!ion. We know also from experience that if Persia gave us any cause of offence she should be brought to reason far more speedily by a squadron off' Bushire than by any army in Affghanistan. We are reduced, therefore, to Affghanistan itself for a cause of intervention. If we again interfere be tween these kites and crows, it must be simply be cause we prefer crows to kites, and for no other reason. We cannot dignify the proceeding with the lofty and mysterious character which we gave to it a quarter of a century since. We cannot pretend to entertain apprehensions of Russia, still less of Persia. We have learnt, to our cost, that our Empire of the East is far more likely to be en dangered by ill-judged armaments and insolvent treasuries than by a hostile force from the countries beyond the Indus. The Affghans can never harm us except by inducing us to invade their territo ries. That one of the contending Princes would do this if he could is exceedingly probable, but we should be madmen to give him the chance. Let us repeat once more that it cannot by possi bility signify to us which one of these Princes reign in Cabul. Of course a quiet neighbour is bet ter than a troublesome one, but no trouble that an Atneer of Cabul could give us would amount e toe t,uudredth part of the trouble which we should elves. ff incur in making an Ameer of Cabul for ou r es they The Affghans may settle their awn quarrels please, without affecting us. It is just possible that one of the competitors for power ma y think to g ain favour with his people by an attack upon our pos sessions. Peshawur, with its territory, which we conquered from the Sikhs, the Sikhs had conquered in former days from the Affghans , and the recovery of the province has of ten been talked of at the Court of Cebu!. So far, therefore, and as . a precaution against a possible onslaught, there is nothing in judicious in our maintaining a good garrison in Peshawur. We wish we could think that the specu latiuns of the Indian press meant no more tha n this ; 'out the truth is that, in a society so purely mili tary as that of British India, war is never an unwelcome to pic. It is not in the least improbable th a t even a secon'l "Affghan expedition" would be popular with the ledian Army. Let us trust, however, that Indian statesmen may be wise enough to extirpat e the delusion, and preserve a proper horror ofa policy which might once more convert prosperity into em barrassment, and productive peace into calamitous w ar, So long as we keep to our own territories, tile repulse or a few marauders is the hardest work that can await us, but nobody can measure the diffi culties which might follow from another occupation of Cabal. DAILY NEWS. People generally hug themselves ' in the belief that, however much their bread and other articles of manufactured food may be adul terated, their meat is at any rate free from any foreign element, and may be eat en wit but the fe ar of poisoning. Our beef and mutton, we fondly imagine, are free from vitiation. We m e y cut and come again safely at the sirloin or the saddle. We have only to go to a first-class butcher, and pay the best prices (two thing s , h owever, which a large nu mber of persons cannot do), and we are beyond the reach of harm in that direction. The reliance is more pleasing than well grounded. We seem doomed to impurity and filthiness in the food thatwe consume. In vain do we fly from bread made of mag gotty yeast to the flesh of oxen, sheep, and swine. A large amount of the meet that come to our tables is adulterated by disease. No doubt this is less likely to be the case when a good price is paid ; but butchers are mere men, and sometimes sell inferior commodities whil e charging the highest terms; Mr. Simon's last annual report to the _privy Council on our sanitary condition opens the eyes of the public to the disagreeable fact that so much as a fifth of the meat purchased for food in this country is dis eased. Some investigations into the eubiect have been made, at 4lr. request, by Mr. txamgee, Prineipal and ProfeSso r o f the Edinburgh new Veterinary College, and from these it appears that a good deal of the mischief is found ;in uunexion With the pork we get from Irelaiia.' 'From forty to fifty thousand of the pigs reared in the sister island are measly, and the greater number of these come to Great Britain for consumption, That such_ meat should um. o . tloi#e* !"! some_ should b e ta k en into t 'idea; it is the sour ce more _ e.. 6 usting of s er i ous di sease. M r . Gamgee calculates thet f or, every measly pig in the yingo When meat is there is at l eas t one human being with tapeworms. cooked the action of the fire probably destroys th e germs of these parasites ; but it shouldr I not . be for pig s flesh s eaten gotten that a large amount of The Social Science Association. The forthcoming meeting in Edinburgh of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (says the Scotsman), judging from the nature of the communications already forwarded to the general secretary in London, the large number of eminent visitors expected from all parts of the United Kingdom, and the interest which the antici pated meeting is exciting among our community, promises to be one of the most successful gatherings of the associa tion, and will without doubt fully realise the utmost expec tations of its promoters. The arrangements in connection with the ranting are most complete and satisfactory, and, so far as they have advanced, seem calculated to promote the comfort of the visitors and the convenience of the public. The Congress will commence its meetings on Wednesday, October 7th, under the distinguished presidency of Lord Brougham, who will deliver an inaugural address in the evening to the members and associates in the Free Church Assembly Hall. The section meetings of the six depart ments into which the association is divided will commence on Thursday, the Bth, and terminate on Wednesday, the 14th October, The president of the first or Jurisprudence Department is the Right Hon. Lord Curriehill ; and the vice-presidents are —The Hon, Lord Mackenzie, Sir J. G.C.8., the Solicitor-General, and James Hope, Esq,, Deputy-Keeper of the signet. The business of this department will be de voted to the consideration of the science of civil jurisprud ence, and the various subjects connected with the princi ples of legislation and the administration of justice. The bearing of jurisprudence on the social condition of the people —the advantages derivable from a wide diffusion of its prin ciples—the practical defects in our laws—the evils arising from such defects, and their fitting remedies, will be brought before the meeting and discussed. The laws relating to property and personal rights will also fail to be considered. We understand that an unprecedentedly large representa tion of the legal profession both of England and of the con tinent is expected. The department of education will be presided over by Nassau W. Senior, Esq , the vice-presidents being Professor Piliens, Professor Kelland, Dr. Schmitz, and A. Campbell Swinton, Esq. Mr. Senior, it is well known, was for some years Professor of Political Economy at Oxford, and as one of the commissioners in the recent royal commission on National Education, dissented from certain conclusions arrived at by his colleagues as expressed in their report. The communications read in this department will relate to various questions connected with the industrial and the intellectual education of all classes of the community, and will also embrace reports on the state of education on the continent and in America. The president of the Punishment and Reformation De partment is the Hon. Lord Neaves, and the vice-presidents are A. Murray Dunlop, Esq., M.P. ; Rev. Dr. Robert Lee, Rev. Dr. Guthrie, and John Hill Burton, Esq. The pro ceedings in this section will relate to the management of reformatories, statistics of crime, the prevention and re • prescion of crime, the treatment of adult and young offenders, the reformation of the criminal, and the best mode of secondary punishment. Professor Christison will preside in tho Public Health Department, and the vice• presidents will be Dr. Craigie , President of the College of Physicians ; Dr. Newbigging, President of the College of Surgeons ; and W. Lindsay , Esq., Provost of Leith. This section will discuss various matters relating to the drainage, warming, ventilation, and general construction of houses and public baths. Papers will be read treating of the relative healthiness of different localities, the influence of external circumstances in the production of health or disease, and the effect of different occupations upon the health of those engaged in them. Attention will also be given to the prevalence of adultera tion in food, and the evil effects resulting from the practice; and the duties of the legislature in relation to public health will be freely discussed. The department of Social Economy will be presided over by Sir John M'lsleill, G.C.8., with Professor Lyon Playfair C.B. ; W. Chambers, Esq., Glenormiston; and the k'ev. Dr. Alexander, as vice-presidents. The questions affecting strikes and c ,mbinations, the relations between employer,. and employed, the industrial employment of women, the industrial in- truction of the labouring classes, and the rela tions of econornles to education will be some of the topics brought under the notice of this section. The president of the Trade and International Law De pariment has not yet been elected, but the following gentle men will act as vice-presidents :—The Master of the Mer chant Company, the Chairman of the Edinburgh Chamber of Commerce, James Richardson, Esq., and Chas. Cowan, Esq. This department was established at the Glasgow meeting of 18G0, r the consideration, by representatives of all nations, of questions of international law, and for the collection of information relating to production, manufac ture, and trade. Among the subjects which will engag the attention of this section will be iron trade and its sta totfstsiceso.tlaSnedot;chcabpatunrkeinagnd; t d r e a s d t e r c m t i a o n n u o f a f c p t u r i r v e a s t , e a n d f ish e propertyr i e a s t sea by belligerents, and the laws of blockade and contra band. the work woforkthef The various departments will meet in section rooms pro vided for their' accommodation in the Parliament House and day will be opened at half - past to the members and assocbilyt Hall. The proceedings each This lO, with a general address the Free Church Ass a e close t by Aesembly Hall, and at s i r s eCh will be delivered in the Free presidents the h etdepart meats ptha re o ti .i t use. Conversazioni, promenades , appropriated the departments. i o o n n s s i wilt n tohffee evening, v t e h n e i i n r g, e attractions na a meats will commence in the a ll nd do i u n b d t u le s s tr s ia c l on a t n r d ibu ar te t to the members and much to the success of the meeting. w The Industrial Mu-. se urn, with its unique and valuable collection a ex ss h o i c b i i a t t i ofth of articles illustrating the development and growth the principal industrial employments of Great Britain, will thrown open for the entertainment and instruction of the number less visitors whom the deliberations of the association will b r ing to the town. The walls of the National Gallery and t h e gpyal Scottish. Academy will exhibit a magnificent col lection of aie membersebrated works of Scottish art for the inspection cf mem of the congress—and the College of Surgeons and Sen4tus Academicus of the University will extend their hospitality to th,e association. On the evening of Friday, the 9th October, a great work ing men's meeting will be held in one of ai.e iwgest halls of the city. Lord Brougham will preside, and it is e - pecaid that there will be a large number of delegates from the various tidies of Scotland present on the occasion. It is expected that Prime 4-14 ed and one of the Danish princes will be present at one of the t:oucb.ld,:n i ~ meetings of g the Association. The Right Hon. Lord Brougham and his brother, Wm. Brougham, Esq., will be the guests of the Lord Provost of Edinburgh during their stay in our city. FA.II benefit of reduced duty obtain ed pur '4"ing iforuitA*fip pwc Tea; very choice at 3s. 4d. and • ri mit i t , o l?? fp, kt9Tppyly 4s. Bd.), is the 4s, « Hig h import •A tgoAu t o every str ongest and most (tenet,— town supply it is packets. ~~,~,.y-•-~ raw by the lower cl as s es . l e It a ly raw h am i s con -1 } sidered a delicacy ; is Ene land working men fre quteetiv indulge in uncooked bacon, and soneetin_ee in pork sausages that are innocent of the flying pan. Tae danger of the practice is made startliugiy ap parent when we learn that the muscular flesh ut swine is sometimes brought into so poisonous a stale by the ravages of a minute species of thread worm, invisible except by the aid of the microscope, that a small quantity eaten raw will destroy life. Pork and bacon are purchased by our poorer classes per haps to a greater extent than any other meat, and the prevalence of measles and the various forms of hydatid disease amongst those classes may doubt less be attributed in a considerable degree to their large consumption of swine's flesh. Sausages are especially perilous, for it is well known that the less reputable sausage makers think no meat too bad to make up in this deceptive form, pro vided the nastiness can be disguised by spices and condiments. One is almost tempted, after the revelations we have had of late years, to follow the example of the Jews, and vote the pig an un clean animal hopelessly and for ever. Much RS we have done for him in the way of cleanliness, be still continues as great a source of disease to the human subject as he was in the time of Moses under the burning sun of the East. The propagation of parasitical ova from impure animals is effected, moreover, in many ways besides the direct one, and sometimes, according to Mr. Simon's report, by a route that would never have been suspected by the unlearned. For, "by means of dogs and other ani mals eating the raw offal of slaughter-houses, the eggs of the tapeworm may, and must often, find. their way into sources of drinking water, or on to various low-growing vegetables or fruits, which are consumed in an uncooked state by man, and, being swallowed, the egg is hatched." The development of entozoa is, indeed, extremely subtle, and very difficult to be guarded against; but infected food is undoubtedly one of the means by which the evil is introduced into the human system. The question is of serious importance; for, according to the esti mate of Mr. Gamgee, disease of one kind or another is fatal every year in the three kingdoms to about 375,000 eattle (nearly five per cent. of the whole number), while in the case of sheep and pigs the proportion is, respectively, as far as can be ascer tained, four per cent. and three per cent. It is very certain that a large number of these animals are sold for food ; and even of those beasts that are slaughtered many are already in a state of disease, and would probably die of their ailments if the butcher's knife did not anticipate the result. It has been found in a large convict establishment that an epidemic of boils and carbuncles followed the use of meat from cattle afflicted with lung disease. Milk from unhealthy cows is also chargeable with some of the maladies which human beings have to endure. We may, in fact, be said to live over again the lives of those animals from which we draw our sustenance, and to be healthy or diseased in pro portion to the bodily condition of the creatures we rear for food. It was a quaint expression, but not an untruthful or ludicrous thought, on the part of old mystical Sir Thomas Browne, when he said that all the flesh of our bodies has at one time been upon our platters. We have, therefore, the deepest interestin seeing that what comes to our plat ters is in a fit state to be converted into its higher form, How is the mischief to be prevented ? Mr. Gamgee is of opinion that sufficient precautions are not taken against infection from foreign cattle ; that there is a great deal of dietetic mismanage ment ; and that animals often contract disease from the malaria of fenny lands. The first of these sources of depreciation might perhaps be guarded against by some species of quarantine; the second by increased knowledge amongst graziers and farmers; the last by the conversion of marsh lands into well drained meadows. We are only just waking to the conviction that excessive fat is not a healthy sign in man or beast. The corpulent oxen, sheep, and pigs that are exhibited every Christmas at the Prize Cattle Show are animals in a state of disease, how ever much it may please our testal mood to make pets of them; cad, although there has lately been a movement in favour of a more rational ttleile of feeding, the old absurdity has not yet died out. This and other errors can only be corrected by time. In the meanwhile we must protect ourselves to the best of our ability ; and we have a right to demand how it is that, with a system of inspection, so much bad moat should find its way to the tables of the community. Every now and then, in some exces sive instance, we hear of a seizure being made; but when we find that nearly 50,000 measly pigs are cut up for human provender, with tainted oxen and sheep in proportion—that, in short, one-fifth part of our animal food is corrupt--it is very evident that the present system of inspection is a farce. Without suggesting that the examiners are open to persuasion, it is probable that they are not men of sufficient education to detect the subtle poison that 'sometimes lurks in seemingly healthy carcases. In some of the worst eases the symptoms of disease may he such as to escape the eye of any but the man of science. Skilled veterinary surgeons are the persons to whose scrutiny the meat we are destined to consume should be submitted. A little expense is nothing compared with the preservation of the national health, and the avoidance of evils which are sickening to contemplate and grievous to suffer. POST.—The numerical inequality of the contest between the Confederates and the Federals appears likely to be re dressed in a somewhat unexpected manner. It has been obvious, from the beginning of the war, that the former possessed a latent element of strength which the rigour of their own prejudices, and the difficulty attending its deve lopment, would prevent them from calling into action, ex cept under the pressure of a great emergency. The great slaveholding aristocracy of the South have been very un willing to confer upon the black population what a superior nation seems intuitively to deem the dignity of bearing arms, but have hitherto entertained the same prejudice as that felt by the Turks towards their subordinate rayah races. To a certain extent, indeed, the Confederates have already made the experiment of forming and equipping negro regiments. But this was tried only on the most in significant scale. Events meanwhile have thickened. The great superiority of the North in point of numbers has at length begun to tell upon the fortunes of a campaign in which the heroism and martial character of the South had at first seemed likely to prove invincible. The inequality between a nation of some six millions and a nation of above twenty millions, has neces-arily become more manifest, now that increasing armies have been required on either side, and great loses have been so frequently sustained on both. By degrees, the sources of recruiting have diminished among the whites in the South; while the tide of emigra tion from Eur o p e to the North, which even the warfare of the day has net wholly arrested, has been swelling the numbers at the disposal of a Northern conscription. The President ol the Confederate States has therefore, it appears, resolved, in concurrence with the governors of the indivi dual States, to call out an army of half a njillion of slaves. This giant resolution is onlyin proportion to the emergency of the hour. Of course it was impossible to apply the com pulsion which has been exercised on both sides among the dominant raee. The negroes therefore are offered a substan tial incentive. Ira all probability it is ono which will prove sufficient. They are promised their liberty, and a grant of 50 acres of land on the termination of I be war, as a reward of their pres4nt services in the field. Independently of the obvious importance of such a measure in directly strengthening the heeds of the Confederate commanders, there are many other consideratiot s which combine to render the present resolu tion a masterpiece of policy. In the first place, it involves a vast inroad on the part of the Southerners themselves upon the principle of slavery. Such a measure, therefore, must revive the sympathies of Europe with the Southern cause, by lessening, or even abolishing, the only counter acting influence to its general popularity on this side of the Atlantic. Again, it has long seemed to be a slur upon the domestic institutions of the South that the nation were, to all appearance, afraid of arming their slaves. One argu ment of the Southern States, in defence of slavery, has long been that slaves under good masters were quite as well off and as content as free labourers under good employers. But the taunt, nevertheless, remained in the mouth of every Pennsylvanian or Lancashire abolitionist, that, in spite of the alleged well-being of the slave, his master was afraid to trust him with arms in his own service. If the slaves were really not otherwise than attached to their lords, the lords would combine them with themselves for the defence of their country. By the present resolution, however, the Confederate authorities are ready to trust the use of arms to a body of men whom they have already in the field of their own countrymen. Nor is this all, The spectacle of negro regiments being raised by the North to fight against the South, while no adequate counter-demonstration existed, served to strike Europe with the notion that the slaveholders were the natural enemies of the negroes, and the North their natural friends. Illusory as this conclusion really was, it still remained plausible. Moreover, there remained a danger that the appearance of Northern black regiments on the fields of Southern battle might lead the s l aves of the Confederate States, if still engaged neerely in agricultural occupations, to a natural atlinitY of feeling with them. This danger has, itt f 4 O-, beco'le a - very great one. Besides, whateve r were really tke spirit in which the en slaved negro of the South looked upon the dominant popu lation around him, the Placing of confidence in him waslikely to strengthenthe t iea.hetWeen him and his master. In this consideration, ehet there was a moral victory at stake, as betwe 6onth North, The Washington Government had Aong threatened to play a decisive card by calling upon the whole of this slave population to revolt against the whites, and thus to carry carnage and rapine into every hearth, That Mr. Lincoln has not actually taken this course is probably to be ascribed less to his concern f or th e atrocity of such a transaction than to his consciousness of his inability to carry out the threat. But his declaration, nevertheleas, stands on record as a boast of the Washington Government that they could at any time terminate the re bellion by raising a servile war, When Feargus O'Connor brought together his 100,000 ruffians on Kennington -com mon, and was unexpectedly met by double th e. num b er of special constables on the other side of the bridges, it was said that his demonstration was reversed. The same result, on an incomparably wider scale, seems likely to take place, in regard to the negro population, as bit- een the two rival Presidents. It appears that shortly before the beginning - of the war the whose black community in the United States, slave and free, amounted ro about 3 (350,000. It is not easy to compute the pressnt number of slaves in the Confederate territory with precision, uut it may be assumed that they form about two-thirds of that number. The area of all the slave States combined is 844,000 square miles, so that the 25,000,000 of acres which the halt-million of slaves arc offered, if they take the field, will be readily set apart from the landholdings of the whites. Meanwhile it is believed that there will be no great difficulty or delay experienced in. finding arms for this vast host of mon. The "runners" under the nominal blockades of the Northern fleets have probably supplied en immense store to the Southern ports. The great experiment . on which the Confederate Government has now resolved is doubtless not one free from difficulty. Bur, if the chives had been generally unfriendly to their masters, they would probably have found many opportu nities for revolt while the strength and flower of the Euro pean race were drawn away into distant fields of battle. This resolve of the Richmond Government may possibly prove conclusive of the issue of the war, Both by reason of the immense reinforcements which it 'may place at the dis posal of Lee and Beauregard, and earough the advantageous moral impression which it wilt on so many grou n d s , exer cise on the views and poli cy of Europe. MURDER:OUS ASSAULT BY BRIGANDS. Tte Indipendente of Naples relates the following atroci ints crime committed by a party of brigands in the district of Bisaecia :—" On the 24th ult. seven armed men knocked at a farm house about midnight, asked for provisions, and then went away, taking by force the servant, a fine strong girl, 23 years of age, with them into the forest. There she found herself in the midst of the whole band, consisting of 30 men, and was compelled to yield to their desires. At daybreak they consulted with each other as to what was , to be done with her ; upon which she earnestly begged with tears to be allowed to go home ; but they replied that would not do, since she might reveal their ll:ding-place, At length a brigand, named Sacchitiello, stepped forward, and in a tone of protection engaged to accompany her to the end of the forest by a peculiar path. They had not gone far, however, before he suddenly stabbed her in the neck, and twice in the abdomen. The poor girl felt, but seeing she was not dead, he fired his musket at her, but only wounded her slightly in the hip. He reloaded bis musket, put the muzzle to her breast, and fired; but by a convulsive movement his victim pushed the weapon away with her arm, and the ball penetrated into her lay:ly in a slanting direction without killing her. A third time the assassin loaded his gun, and fired at her three steps off — the ball penetrated under the right arm-pit, went along the ribs, and came out at the abdomen. The miP.creant thinking he had despatched her for certain, they_ went away, but, strange to say, the poor creature had only swooned, and on. recovering managed to draw her mangled body to a neigh bouring hut, which however proved to be deserted, and a she was sinking with thirst, and could End no water, she lay down to die, Meanwhile a company of grenadiers had been approaching the forest, and taking measures for ascer taining the whereabouts of the brigands. Two of their scouts had been creeping along the bushes for some time, when they perceived two brigands who were looking for the body of the girl, but becoming suddenly aware of the pre sence of the grenadiers, they took to flight. The soldiers immediately after found the girl weltering in her blood, and carried her to their camp, The officer in command en.- deavoured to induce some peasants to convey her to the nearest hospital, offering them payment, but they refused under various pretexts, which showed that they were rather favourable to the brigands than otherwise. At length three grenadiers undertook the duty, and she was taken to Aqui. lonio, where, strange to say, the surgeon expressed a hope of her recovery."—GaZignani. COUNTRY MARKETS. GLOUCESTER—SEPT. 5. The show of English wheat to-day was fair. The wet weather imparted firmness to the trade. Fine qualities were is per qr higher. Foreign wheat was in moderate demand, and may be quoted at the extreme prices of las week. Grinding barley in limited quantity, and hilly as dear. Beans, and oats were dull. COLCHESTER—SEPT. 5. There was a better supply of wheat to-day, and the rates of last week were fully realised. Barley more in demand, at rather more money. Beans and peas as before. Wheat, white. 445 48s Beans, Mazagan..33B 369 red 42s 46s middle & small,3ss 3 89 Barley Oats CHELMSFORD—SEPT. 4. At this corn exchange to-day there was a fair show of wheat, and the trade was firm. There was no alteration in prices, but for some superior samples an advance of is per qr was obtained. Wheat, old white 31s 49s new 46s 50s old red 36s 44s new 40s 46s Barley as 36s Chevalier 2Bs 39s Grinding 22s 31s Malt 6ls 67s Chevalier 64s 69s Oats 20s 28s Peas, Partridge.... 37s 408 White 398 408 Boiling .. 40s 438 Dun 33s 36s Ditto new —8 Beans, Tick, old 34s 390 new —s Harrow Ticks 3ss 40$ Mazagan ..3 0s 3 new..—s '7 O °° KIRKCALDY GRAIN—SEPT. 5. Today we had small supplies of all descriptions of grain at market. Sales slow, Wheat 6d to is over last week. Oats and barley sold at last week's rates. Wheat. Barley. Oats. First....3ss Od 1 23s Od I 22s Od Second .. 36s Od 33 s Od 24s Od Third....—s Od —s Od 24s 6d COAL. Iv. Prices of Ccal per '! on at a ARK ET. t tee close of the market. s. d. Hartlepool W. Hartleyls 6 Carway and Duffryn Malting 2O 0 tt alker Primrose l2 6 Eden Main . ..• West Hartley .,16 6 aolywell 17 6 .. a. Ships at mark! Walls End. South Hartlepool.... • •17 0 East Hartlepool 18 0 Haswell lB 0 Brsddyll's Hetton l7 3 Hetton ...... 18 0 Tunstall ...... m Russel's Hetton 17 3 t, 43,; sold, 42. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. kustralia and Mauritius, via Southampton. .. Sept. 18. via Marseilles .. "ept 12 6'razil and Cape Verds, by British packet. Oct. 5 )ape Ihina, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampt on , S ept. 18. — 'via Marseilles ...Sept. 12. Falkland Islands - Gibraltar, via Southampton Sept. ID. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Sept. 18 india (Bombs via Marseilles S e pt. 12. y), via Southampton Sept. 10 Portu via Marseilles .,ept. 20. ga1.... Oct. 5 , At alta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Sept. 10. Newfoundland ........ S e pt. 17. Oporto and Vi go ........... U. S. and B r i t i s h N. America, by Brit. packet .. .... Sept. 1 1, by U.S. packet.... by Canadian packet. Sept. 11. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneritre .......... Sept. 10. .2abamas, via New York ...................... Sept. 24. 1 , 4 exit) ..................... Sept. 4 8 All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, I Sept. 4. California. and britith Columbia.. ......... [ADVERTISEMENT.}—Increasing Mortality.—Wh en the dangers trom diarrhoea, are so great and appalling, as the weekly death list shows it to be at present, it behoves Every mother and nurse to know that this ointment, rubbed u pon. the belly, aided by moderate doses of Holloway's pills, proves the simple, harmless, and effective remedy. Thou sands of children have been instantaneously eased and ulti mately saved by rubbing this antidotal ointment twice or three times a day upon the abdomen after it has been, fomented with warm water. This course is the most prac ticable in children's bowel complaints, where there is a dif ficulty in exhibiting internal medicines ; and this treat ment succeeds where sedatives and astringents have been fruitlessly prescribed. Births. BUSnny.—On the 6th Frances Bushby, of a son, inst., at 40, Chester-square, Lady Razusgate, the wife of Lieut.-General Cthhearl6etshßlelinstino a k t , of a d aug ht er. S ConnAmtrode.Cobha --On the 7th inst., at llorden, th e w if e o f G e o. m, Esq o f a Bon. BE L N ie T u iN t.. c VILLIERS.—On. the 6th ; - bst. at Winchmore• hill, the wife of John F. Villiers . b urnSter-at-iaW, of a daugh" ter. Marriages. Bioo.—DicxsoN.— On the 3d inst., at Christ Church, Croydon, John C. Bigg, Esq„ of Gray's-inn, to Margaret, youngest daughter of the late J. R. Dickson, Esq., 01 Kincardine, Perthshire. ScoTT—SEARES —On the 3d inst., at St. John's Church', Stratford, F ran k W . , cotr, Esq„ to Eliza, daughter 0 1 the late W. R. Seares, Esq., of The Grove, Stratford. Deaths. D uzidArNew— .DOunnetahne,2p7atpherurnlat.k,era,tagGeldenbc2.arron, Denny, Mr Frrz •Stmoics —On the Ist inst., suddenly, at Trenowetbs John Fitz-Simons, Esq., of Tregarthen and Trenoweths formerly of the 4th (Royal Irish) Dragoon Guards, aged 64. GIBBONS. —On the 3d inst., at Athol House, Edgbaston, Benjamin Gibbons, Esq., J.P. for the county of Stafford, aged 48. NORTHCOTE.—On the sth inst., at Sutton Valence, Kent, Augustus Northcote, Esq., aged 44. PIDCOOK.—On the sth inst., at Watford, John Pidcoerrt Eq., £d.D., aged 91. WILDE.—On the 6th inst., at Cheam House, Surrey. Gee. Wilde, Esq aged 59. London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDREWEr of No. 112, Strand, Printel', at Tim Sux Office No. 112 Strand, in the Precinct 01 the 'savoy, in the County Q t hilddletoex—Tuesday, September 8, 1863 `~`._