The Sun. — London, England, 1863-09-18 00:00:00

TH E WESTERN STATES. (Front tha- ;Special Correspondent of the Times.) CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, Sept. 2. It does not - take many days' residence at Chicago to make a tray eller aware that he has reached the vsry heart of American life. The valley of the Mississippi is a great bread basket, and so long as man lives by bread it will have a great ascendancy over the destinies, not merely of this continent, but of the world at large. The Americans are very fond of pointing to their " glorious institutions," or else to their stirring, thrifty, mettlesome race, for the rapid growth of their communities, and the rise of their colossal p ower. The fact, is, however, that there are here material advantages sufficient to account for any phenomenon of great and sudden social increase. The wealth and prosperity are of nature's own making, and the Anglo-Saxon tribe has achieved here no greater prodigies than such as, under the same circumstances, would be exhi bited by any other human family. In the early part of the present century this cen tral region of the American continent was hardly explored, yet the rich soil of the western divisions of the Atlantic States, and the as yet unsettled ter ritories of Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee held out the strongest inducement to immigrant enterprise, and the 'West—the far West—was looked upon as the common refuge, no less than the common storehouse, of mankind. Those territories became States, new ones were added, the great west receded further and further still, till the whole of the great valley was, if not actually colonised, at least meted out and apportioned into various lots, to which the world was freely invited to help itself. Ohio, Tennessee, and Kentucky are now old settle ments—indeed, the inhabitants of the latter State are never so happy as when they can designate their country as " Old Kentuck." Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, have sprung up within a score of years, and count their people by millions. The new fledglings are now lowa, Wisconsin, Mis• riessota ; then will come the turn of Kansas, Ne braska, Dacotah ; not to push our observations beyond our limits, and to say nothing of the regions 'lying to the west of the Rocky Mountains. The valley of the Mississippi, with all its tribu taries, makes up an area of 1,210,000 square miles. All of it is not Eden, certainly, but there is no doubt as to the health and wealth, the vastness and inexhaustibleness of these north-western districts. " The soil on the river bottoms of Illinois is often 25 or 30 feet deep, and the upper prairie districts are hardly less productive. Forty bushels of wheat or 100 bushels of Indian corn to the acre is a com mon product here." In West Virginia, Kentucky, Ohio, or Tennessee the colonist was at least at the trouble to clear the ground, and wage war to the &.l-encumbering fores:s ; but in these mo re western districts man's work has been most carefully and providentially done by nature. " These prairies," Says a writer whose words I would not quote if I could substitute anything more graphic and im- presaive : " These boundless prairies seem as if they hal been cleared by the patient labour of another race of men, removing all the forests, and stumps, and brambles, and smoothing them down as if with mighty rollers, and sowing them with grass and flowers ; a race which then passed away, having built no houses of their own, and made no fences, and set out no trees, and established no landmarks, to lay the foundation of any future claim. You ascend the Mississippi amid scenery unsurpassed in beauty probably in the world. You see the waters making their way along an interval of from two to four miles In width, between bluffs of from 100 to 6'oo feet in height. Now the river makes its way along the eastern range of bluffs, and now the western and now in the centre, and now it divides itself into nume rous channels, forming thousands of beautiful islands, covered with long grass ready for the aithe of the mower. Mese bluffs, rounded with taste and skill, such as could be imitated by no art of man, and set oat with trees here and there gracefully arranged like orchards, seem to have been sown with grain to the summit, and are clothed with beau tiful green. You look out instinctively for the house and barn, for flocks and herds, for men and women and chil dren, but they are not there. A race that is gone seems to have cultivated those fields, and then to have silently dis appeared, leaving them for the first man that should come from the older parts of our own country. or from foreign lands. to take possession of thorn. It is only by a process of reflection that you are convinced that it is not so. But it is not the work of man. It is God who has done it, when there was no man there save the wandering savage, alike ignorant and unconcerned as to the design of the great processes in the land where ho roamed. God who did all this, that he might prepare it for the abode of a cividsed and Christian people." It is not merely as a pretty picture that I have laid the above striking extract before the reader. It is because it bears me out in my conviction that American progress is mainly owing to material causes. The growth of Illinois, from 12,288 inhabi tants in 1810 to 1,711,9 M in 1860, showing an in crease of 101.03 per 100, exceeds all previous re sults obtained in other States, chiefly, if not alto gether, owing to the fact that the tide of immigra tion, after struggling for years against the difficul ties of mere forest regions, was able to expand un trammelled over the open prairies. These advan tages of Illinois ale equally extended to lowa, Wisconsin, and to the vaster zones of the Mine sots, Nebraska, and Dacotah territories. Talk about the activity of the American branch of the Anglo- Saxon race! why, the invading tide comes in just now as strong from Germany and Scandinavia as from the States themselves. It is Providence has laid out these magnificent regions for the whole of mankind, and it is very questionable whether De mocratic or any other institutions ever did or ever will rather help than retard the spontaneous work of colonisation. However it may be, the bread basket is half-full, the Mississippi ♦alley is settled as far at least as the current of the main river itself, and the produce of this western region is so portentously great as not only to constitute the main wealth of the American Union, but to render the prosperity of all the other States, the whole social and political movement of the commonwealth, in a great measure subservient to its interests and exigencies. The Atlantic States are to the Great West merely in the light of fetchers and carriers. Those who hate in their hands the bread basket are entitled to the choice of the means by which its contents shall spread through the world. I have had occasion to say before this that the main natural outlets for the agricultural wealth of the West are three—the Mississippi river at the south, the great lakes, and the St. Lawrence in the north, and the railway and canal lines through New York State down to the Hudson river in the east. Chicago con hardly be said to lie in the Mississippi valley. Its watershed slopes down to the lake region, but it has a point of contact with the southern waters by the means of the Michigan and Illinois canal, a hydraulic work about 90 miles in length, which from this city to La Salle or Peru establishes, communication between Like Michigan and the Illinois river, and through this latter with the great Mississippi stream. The great object of the Chicago peo ple is now t o convert it into a great ship canal. All round the city fr om which. I am now writing no less than 17 railway lines spread out as far as St. Joseph, Des Moines and Council Bluffs, Galena, Dubuque, Cedar Falls , and Fort Dodge, Prairi e -d u -Chi en , Milwaukle, La Cro sse, and St. N Paul, int o K ansas , l owa , N e braska, Wiscon s i n, and Mineseta, into the whole north- western district. Chicago is the great centre of western commerc e , and when its treasures are accumulated inits ware houses and wharfs, the great question arises how they can be best disposed of. One of the great chan nels of export lies along the line of the lakes Michi gan and Huron, St. Clair river and lake, and hence through the pass of Detroit into Lake Erie, out of which the British canal Welland opens into Lake Ontario, and from this again through the canal and river of St. Lawrence, finds an outlet into the At lantic to Europe. Another line of water communica tion, going equally through the lakes of Michigan, and St. Clair into Lake Erie, proceeds through the Erie Canal from Buff.io to Albany, and hence down the beautiful Hudson river to New York. There can be doubt as to which of these two routes is better suited to the western trade. The industry and magnificence of the B r i t i s h G overnment h ave ma d e the Canada line so convenient that vessels of 400 co 590 tons have already wilted all the way frcm Chi cago to Liverpool, and vice versa. But the jealousy and cupidity of the New York merchants, on whose good pleasure these Western producers are, owing to their poverty, to a great extent dependent, have h a d the tendency to give their narrow sod crooked lines the advantage, and the whole system of New York and Pennsylvania railway and canal companies hav e of late been greatly enriched 'at the expen e of the true interests no less of the West than of the com merce of the whole world. It is computed that while:the freight of a bushel of corn from Chicago to Liverpool by the Canada line only comes to 49c., the freight of the same merchandise from Chicago to Liverpool by the New York line costs no less than 540. The length of the voyage by the first line and by sailing vessels is only 20 to 22 days ; by the other route it is 35 to 40 days. It is found, moreover, that both the St. Lawrence and the Hudson River lines are sadly inadequate to the wants of the Western trade ; and I have heard Western men, both at Cincinnati and -here, com plain that the interruption of the Mississippi trade consequent upon the civil war had occasioned an obstruction in their exports that all the activity of the Northern and Western lines could not remove. I have been told that whole mountains of Western corn and meat were kept waiting for weeks and months at the wharves of the canals and at the rail way stations at Erie and Buffalo, waiting for an out let through the overtasked means of communication on the New York lines. There is no end, also, to the complaint of these Westerners as to the extor tion, ill-faith, and downright knavery of those New York companies; and I know of one instance of a merchant whose corn, which was valued at 75c. per bushel at Chicago, was sold at 74c. per bushel at New York—a phenomenon for which he was at a loss to account, until he found oat by inquiry that the rogues at the Buffalo elevators had substituted their own third-rate stuff instead of the prime article which he had intrusted to their conveyance. The imperfect, insufficient, and " over - sharp" means of communication which wer e o p ened in New York for the exportation of Western pro duce, madethewa war whic h e e d r n ers not their natural t l u i t r t a l l e ferue outlet i f e u t l at t f he West erners not a little fretful at the war whic !i c l e o s s t the Mississippi against them; the civil war was beginning to put their patience to the severest test; and had the fall of Vicksburg and Port Hudson been put off for five or six months longer it is di ffi cult to say to what de sperate reso lution the closing of the Mississippi might not have driven the great West, notwithstanding the large demands for provisions occasioned by the wasteful war and the very brisk market opened for Western corn and meat for home consumption. Vicksburg and Port Hudson are fallen, and steamers are now plying with tolerable safety along the Mississippi. But these people enjoyed a market no less than a way of transit for their goods in the South, an d th e condition of the Southern States is still such as to g ive little hope for the speedy restoration of busi ness in those quarters. I have a private letter from New Orleans before me, the tone of which is any thing but cheering for Western intereats, and es it comes from Republican sources, it is less liable to the im putation of unfair spirit or wilful exaggeration. " After a voyage of discovery," it says,— "We find all business, except Government business, very dull. There are no strangers at the hotels, as there used to be; there is no produce on the levee or in store; there is no money, and trade cannot be resumed to any great extent for a long time. There are none lett to buy. The place now is scarce larger than Chicago. Many of the wealthy are gone ; the poor have been compelled to seek bread elsewhere. There is no labour to be done, no com merce to employ. None of the resources of the past are fruitful now. The system of labour heretefore used on the plantation has been swept away and none other substituted • in its place. The rebels have taken most of the ablebodied negro men, and we the rest; and only women are now left to do the labour. It will take years to rtgulate these matters and recover our prosperity. All things are done, seemingly, that can be done, to make it onerous to the citi zen, unpleasant to the visitor, and unprofitable to the specu lator—particularly is this true of all people and things that come down the river. There has been a settled policy against the 'West, though we win all the battles that are won, supply immense material of war in men and food; have been robbed by our friends : still we suffer impositions that no other people would bear, . . . There is no dis tinction made between the loyal and disloyal who arrive here by river. One party had to take the oath of allegi ance before they could land oven." And again, further,— 1 " Of business there is none, except a very small retail trade. No cotton on the levee, no sugar or molasses, all as clean as a parade ground. But few ships, no steamers, only one or two men-of-war. What a change! This movement was to enrich the South, and place her the brightest, richest gem in the crown of nations. This is a city petrified, a monument of fallen pride.. 'I he country around is much of it an unfenced desert. Only a few wholesale houses are open, and these by citizens of another State. You pass down street after street with not a store open, nor even " to let." The people can buy nothing, for they have no money. It this river were opened there would not be much business, from the fact that there is nothing to exchange for produce. I Foreign vessels do not come now to deal. They go to New York for the things that they formerly formerly found here. The trade with Cuba and the West Indies, with South America and the Pectic Isles, used to be heavy. One might see at Honololu the products of our section, shipped from New Orleans, On the quay of Valparaiso one could see canvassed meat from Chicago and Cincinnati, via New Orleans. All these things have changed. Illinois and the contiguous States are deeply interested in this matter, and should give seine counsel and aid in bettering the condition of things," I do not know how all this will strike you, but to me it seems rather significant. The rulers at Wash ington seem determined to turn the South into a wilderness, and they do not or will not see, that by punishing the guilty South, they no less strike the innocent West. There is no very loud complaint in this latter quarter at the present moment, for the war absorbs all its produce, and the army is its best of markets. But the war must come to an end, and who is to make up to the West for the loss of its trade with the Southern States? The extermination of those slave communities may suit the trading cupidity, no less than the zealous humanitarianism of New York or Philadelphia, but the West is the arbiter of American destinies, and it will hardly suit her to submit to Eastern monopoly, and to be deprived of the best means of disposing of her com • modities. At a moment in which the natural tide of immigrati on an d t h e t i l li ng o f new lands promise to give a new impulse to Western produce, it is hard to think that one of the most active channels for its exportation, one of the most opportune mar kets for its consumption, has ceased to be. These will be serious considerations for the West as soon as the excitement for the war and the cry of the " Union at any price" have time to subside. The subjugation of the South may be a desideratum, but its desolation and extinction is a calamity which may have consequences upon districts in which slavery and rebellion were never heard of. A strange feeling it is, taken altogether, which animates these Western people against the trading population of the Atlantic States. Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and all the North West, were mainly colo nized by New Englanders. The Yankees here are still very numerous, and even more powerful. Banking houses, insurance companies, railways, canals, every useful enterprise, is almost exclusively in their bands. They have the law, the magistra ture;inthdey aro the politi c i ans , and heart, th e sa lt o f theschoolmasters, o t n h t e ro m l the community. Their connexions with their Eastern homes are knit with the strongest ties. 'The capital in circulation in the West is mainly Eastern capital, and the great commercial potentates here are merely the agents and representatives of great New York and Boston houses. Yet the West is not the East ; not like the East, it likes not the East. The people here are apt to complain of that Eastern sharpness which overreaches them in every bargain. Tney fret at the compulsion they labour under, to buy Eastern manufactures at Eastern prices—viz., on such terms as the East imposes. They declare that the cost of every article at Chicago IS double what it would be at New York. Even the Yankee community in the *West is dissatisfied with Yankee smartness ; but there is in the West another community different from the Yankee community, and this consists of those millions of Irish, German, and other immigrants who constitute the great bulk o f the Western population. The men of the upper classes here, the rulers of the people, are New Eng landers ; but the people a t l arge are that mixture of all races which is crowdin g t hi s continent with a new nation, a new nation in which the Anglo-Saxon blood has ceased to be the chief ingredient. Wi th this hard-working, stirring, aspiring mass even its Yankee leaders are fain to sympathise. The New Eaglander is shrewd and accommodating. I n the South the settler from the North east always proved to be the most ruthless, uncompromising slaveowner. In the West the Yankee must learn to uphold th,:, lute westernise, to adopt the vieWE I to rests, of the people among whom his lot is cast. The time was, perhaps, not far distant when the West, by accumulating a capital of its own, would have shaken off the trammels of the Eastern specu lators, and pursued a social and commercial policy of its own. The great civil war has put a momentary stop to this movement by making a loud appeal to the patriotism of Union, and rousing its passions against the Sluthern rebellion. Al ready, however, the West thinks it has given sufficient proofs of its unbounded devotion. It thinks that the war has lasted long enough, and the victory been carried already beyond those limits which by causing it to weigh heavily on the South make it tell with no less fatal effects against the West. There are not many who speak in this strain among the educated people—nay, the talk is all the other way. I hear nothing but stubborn determi nation to crush, to lay waste, to annihilate the South. The West, however, must sooner or later peroeive that cutting off ones nose to spite one's face is an improvident course. Up to this time there is a perfect sar drunkenness in the West no less than in the East. But the moment of sober ness is no less sure to come. The Democrats are biding their own turn. We have rather disquieting news concerning the weather and the crops in these Western districts. A very sharp frost spread over all the State of Illinois and the adjoining North- Western districts on the 29th last. According to the particulars that come in from all quarters, it seems that the damage occasioned to the corn, the vines, the gardens and orchards, has been both very extensive and serious. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. DONCASTER RACES-THURSDAY. The features of "off" days at great meetings, be they Epsom, G odwood, or Doncaster, are very similar. A com parative quiet and repose pervade the locale. The excite ment of the day before begets the reaction of to-day, and we enjoy a calmer spirit, and (losses taken into considera tion) a more philosophical frame of mind. The moor to-day presented a marked contrast, Lithe very small attendance of the masses, to the vast crowds that thronged it yesterday. The weather continued fine, and the disagreeable dust which the day before made seeing clearly a difficulty was now absent. The Zetland Stakes were an easy victory for Onesander, who had the best of the race all the way; and the 10 sous. Sweepstakes proved a discomfiture for the winner of the Champagne, as Coast Guard won by four lengths, and Ely was not placed. The Portland Handicap brought the large field of 30 together, a hazardous number for so short a dis tance to select a winner from. The Ring made Poland, however, the favourite, but the top weight gave the fielders an agreeable surprise, Welland winning, after an excellent race, in the last stride by a neck. Usher, in the Juvenile, rewarded the backers by landing them safely, and was bought in by his noble owner for 260 guineas. Only Carnival and Vanessa put in an appearance for the Eglinton Stakes, which Mr. Naylor's colt carried off cleverly. A splendid race between Johnny Armstrong and Poly nesia, for the Cleveland Handicap, was a bonne bouche re served for the finale of the day's sport, Newmarket walking over for the Scarborough Stakes. The Zetland Stakes of 50 aova each, for 3 yr-olds ; colts Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 31b. Winners extra. One mile and a half. 8 subs. Lord Stamford's Onesander, Bst 71b (A. Edwards) 1 Mr. Bowes's Sauterelle, Bst 3lb ........ (Fordham) 2 Count F. de Lagrange's Jarnicoton, Bst 71b.. (Watkins) 3 Betting—Even on Onesander, 5 to 2 apt Jarnicoton, and 4 to 1 agst Sauterelle. Jarnicoton made play to the foot of the hill, where he was headed by the favourite, who came on with a clear lead to the Stand, where Sauterelle obtained the second place, but without having a chance of reaching Lord Stamford's colt, who won easily by three parts of a length, two lengths separatist the second and third. A Sweepstakes of 10 sous each, with 100 added, for 2-yr olds ; colts, Bst 101 b ; fillies, Bst 71b. The owner of the second horse to receive 20 scvs out of the stakes. T.Y.C. 31 subs. Mr.,Hudson's Coast Guard, 9st llb (inc. 51b , extra) (C ,mloner) 1 Mr. J. Osborne's Prince Arthur, Oat llb (inc. slb extra) (J. Osborne) 2 Count F. Lagrange's Fine de I'Air, 9st (inc. 71b extra) (A. Watkins) 3 Black Fawn, Ely, and Dr. Rooke also ran. . Betting-5 to 2 agst Ely, 3to 1 eget Fille de I'Air, 3to 1 agst Prince Arthur, and 5 to 1 agst Coast Guard. Prince Arthur made play on the inside, closely attended by Ely, Fille de l'Air, and Black Fawn, Coast Guard fol lowing next. They ran in these positions to the bend, where the latter, who was repeatedly disappointed in get ting through, joined the leader, the pair running together to the distance, where Challoner brought his horse to the front and won in a canter by four lengths, a like distance separating the second and third, a bad fourth. Dr. Rooke trotted in last, bat did not pass the post. Match for 300 sm. h ft, Bst 91b each; both 2-yr-olds. Red house in. Lord Glasgow's Miss Whip filly (Aldcroft) 1 Sir J. H aw l e y' s M rs. Q u i c k ly filly (Wells) 2 Betting -5 to 4on the Mrs. Quickly filly, who made play at a wretched pace to the enclosure, where tba non favourite reached her, and in a few strides from home headed her and 'won easily by a neck. The Portland Plate of 200 cove in specie, added to a Handi cap Stakes of 5 soya each, for all ages. Winners extra. The owner of the second horse to receive 25 soya out of the stakes. Red House in. Mr. G. Bryan's Welland, 4 yrs, 9st 41b ...(Fordharn 1 Lord Strathutore's Bohemia, 3 yrs, 6 s t 111 b (Jebb) 2 Mr. R Ten Broeck's Peignoir, 4 yrs, 7st Mr. H. Goater's Creole, 3 yrs, Gst 131 b (inclu, 4lb extra) (Mordan) 4 The following also ran :—Queen of Trumps, Fravola, Gemma, Black Lily, Biondella, Jackal, Leontes, Lady Abbess, Miss Armstrong, Grisetfe, Queen Elizabeth, Amazonian, Airedale, Liston, Poland, Calliope colt, Fiancee, Stampede, Marmion, Coeur de Lion, Michael Scott, Syren, Lyra, Rosebud, Bee Bouquet, and Wild Thyme. Betting --100 to 30 agst Poland ;Bto 1 agst Gemma; 100 to 8 each agat Queen of Trumps, Lady Abbess, and Miss Armstrong; 100 to 6 each agst Bohemia and Wel land; 20 to 1 agst Fravola; 25 to 1 each agst Biondella, Jackal, Peignoir, and Queen Elizabeth ; 100 to 3 each agst Fiancée, Syren, and Rosebud, and 100 to 10 agst Michael Scott. More than half an hour was eonsumed at the post through the repeated refusals of Black Lily and Queen of Trumps to face their horses. At last th e signal flag was lowered to an admirable start, the lot leavi ng the post nearly in a line.Q showed ueeno in fTrump in comp any with Lady Abbess and Leontes, advance for th e first hundred yards, Peignoir in the centre,whose immediate Bohemia, Creole, Welland, Grisette, when Biondella took up the running, with Leontes in at tendance, the pair having a decided lead to the bend, where byy a k t a t i er having been sadly knocked about in the pair being joined by Bohemia finishing a fine race home, Welland d a neck, a head only separating f h taohn e le r dl7: a wG t w t ee e errn m rs em p :wi t:etirolletehge:tbel through. They ran thus - clos u r e , when Fordham brought up Mr. Bryan's colt and length between tho third and joinedtiand: winningl e second Creole, i s i t n i e att w nhh d i ee t with tqahsui tar third . t t. quartet dn Peignoir,stride bay fourth ; Wild Thy me, Liston, Jac kal, and Quee n Eliza beth finishing nex t, nearly abreast. T o th ese succeeded the Calliope colt, Is,l ar mion, and Poland, th e l ast l ot being Queen of Trumps, Lady Abbess, and Fravola, the p os i t i ve last being Coeur de Lien. ThfoerJ2n..venile Selling Stakes of 5 move each, with 50 added, (£4O) ...... (Challoner) 1 yr-old colts 9st, fillies and geldings Est 101 b; with p..Uti;ohne,r,7BasttlOtb (X 4 0)...... (Doyle) 2 selling allowances. Half a mile. 9 subs. 6 to 1 each agat Daniel and ) ...... (Watkins) 3 Brother Jonathan, Contractor, Salvioni, and Saunterer colt also ran. Lord Count n Jackson's L V e a s g t r m a n or g e le, l :argue Daniel, ar s ni 1 e , 8 t ( zi 0 , t o 6 agst Usher, the Saunterer colt. Daniel and Brother to Jonathan took a slight lead, Mr. Ten Broeck's gelding and the Saunterer colt lying next. At th turn Usher came up to his horses and took the lead at th e distance, followed by Prescription, Betting- 6 who, however, failed to reach him, and Lord Westmoreland's colt won easily by a length and a half, a neck separating the second and third. The Saunterer colt was fourth, and Contractor last. Th e winner was bought in f or 260 guineas. The Eglinton Stakes of 10 sovs each, 5 ft, with 100 added, for 2-yr-olds to carry 7st, and 3-vr-olds 9st fillies and geldings allowed 31b; winners extra, with maiden allow ances. The owner of the second horse to receive 25 sovs out of the stakes. T.Y.C. 29 subs. bit. R. C. Naylor's Carnival, , 3 yrs, 9et .... (Chall on er) 1 Mr. H. F. Be a u mont s Vanessa , 2 y rs, 6st 111 b (Carroll) 2 Betting -100 to 6 on Carnival, w h o waited upon Vanessa to half way in the distance, when h e went up and won easily by two lengths. of 20 Th e Cleveland Handicap sovs each, 10 ft, and 5 only if declared, with 100 added. The owner of the second horse to save his stake. One mile, 5 8 subs, 37 of whom declared, dec. Mr. Gordon's Johnny Armstrong, 4 yrs, Bst 131 b Lord Chesterfield's Pol y nesia, 4 yrs, 7st 7th (Doyle) 1 Mr. 3 5 (inc R. r 2 C. Snewing's Barter, yrs, , st 121 b (nc 41b ex)imshaw) (J. Grimshaw) 3 The following also ran :—Bertha, Entremet, Hubert, Actaeon, and The Serf. Betting--2 to 1 agst Johnny Armstrong, 3to 1 agst The Serf, 4 to 1 agat Polynesia, and 5 to 1 agst Barter. Barter, with her usual impetuosity, jumped away in front and came on with a decided lead, followed by Entremet, Hubert, and the Middlsh m horse to the Red House, when Hubert gave way and Polynesia joined the favourite, the pair finishing a close race home ; Johnny .., Armstrong, ne n . ning the longest, winn i ng by a neck, a bad third. Tte Sort was fourth, and Entremet fifth. The Scarborough Stakes of 20 sove each, 10ft, for 3-yr. old colts Bst 101 b, and fillies Sst 61b, maiden herEez allowance 51b. One mile. 7 subs. 31r, Watt's Newmarket, f:3 Nib'', 9 (Je SlQwden) TIM SON. LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, ' SEPTEMBER 18, 1863, For the amendment 65 Agaist it Majority —ss withdrew the request. The court, however, insisted upon a division, when there appeared-- THE GUILDIIALL. Mr. JOHN KELDAY moved—" That it be referred to a special ward committee to consider whether any, and if any what, improvement can be effected in the arrangements in and about the Guildhall and the several offices connected therewith. That such committee do ascertain the entire area of the premises, and obtain plans and estimates as to the cost of reconstructing or altering all or any of the ex isting buildings, so as better to adept them to the general business purposes of the corporation, and also to obviate the necessity of incurring the very large expenses which are required on every public occasion, for special entertainment or otherwise, and to report generally thereon, and on any existing circumstances which may facilitate the professed object. And fur her, that the report cf the city land c mittee of the 31st July, 1362, so far as related to the works not at present contracted for, be referred to the said special committee, and that, in the meantime, such works be not proceeded with." The motion was seconded by Mr. R. N. PHILLIPS, Mr. H. L. TAYLOR thought his friend's mode was rather toe circumscribed, and moved an amendment similar to the original motion, but intended to give the committee wider powers. A discussion ensued, and Mr. KELDAY in his reply said he thought his motion was sufficient to answer the purpose desired. He had advisedly not been too explicit in his motion ; but, at the same time, if it were looked at attentively, it would be found to meet all the requirements of the case ; nevertheless, if the court wished it, he was quite willing to adopt an alteration to meet Mr. Taylor's views. The amendment was put to the Court and negatived, and the original motion with a slight verbal alteration, was eventually carried unanimously. The Court then proceeded to nominate a ward committee, consisting of the aldermen present, and one member for I each ward; and then adjourned. SPIRIT OP THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—It would seem that if the Germane could get their country into a mess they would. The long perspective through which t heir Professor led minds regard all practical questions magnifies molehills into mountains and diminishes mountains into molehills. They have no eye for real difficul ties, end they are frightened at little ones. I - I,re are they still di-puting and quarrelling about their union in such simple matters as customs and mutual trade, and at the same time hoping to establish all at once a great German State in the centre of Europe ny the mere force of Imperial and Royal resolutions. Prussia and Austria are still at variance ; the Prussian Kingdom is itself in as great confusion end weakness as a country can suffer without actually undergoing a revolution ; and yet we are told by the Frankfort correspondence of a German paper that Austria is on the point of enforcing what is called " Federal execution" in Holstein. Prepara tions for the same purpose are said f,o be on foot in Hanover, and there is no doubt that many of the Germans rather hope to see this formidable lan guage put in force. 'We do not think that either Denmark or Europe need be in any fear of imme diate "execution." I'he two great German Powers have far too much to do with their own affairs to trouble themselves more than they can help with the etiffieult9 the people of Schleswig seem to find in talking Danish, and Austria and Prussia know too well the dangers they would run in any such interference. But the learned simplicity of many of the German people, and the conceit of acme of the pompous little Principalities of which we have heard so much lately, appear to be superior to any such considerations. We ere told, for example, in Lhe intelli gence we pu b l i sh to -d ay, t h at A us t r i a has made a positive declaration to all the great Powers—to France, Russia, and England, especially to the latter —that the Dano-German question must be settled, and that Federal execution has become .indispensable, if Denmark should persist in her re sistance, no matter what the consequ' aces may leo." This is certainly a heroic resolution, and worthy a nation of philosophers. The consequences, as the writer of this formid a bl e pi ece o f n e ws appears to know very well, might be the interference of France, England, and Sweden in aid of Denmark, and it would certainly require an entire disregard of consequences in the Diet to oppose Fatherland to such an alliance as this. Few countries are so capable of defence as Denmark against a mere in vasion by l and ; and the com bi ned fl eets o f E ng l an d, France, and Denmark would reduce the Germanic Confederation to a still more helpless isolation from the sea than even at present. Looking at the mat ter as a mere military question, the Diet would be absolutely helpless to " execute" anything if the Danes were supported by an effective force of the two Western Powers. The only chance of their success would bo a diversion in their favour by Russia, but the interest and declared policy of Russia are in the opposite direction. If England and France made up their minds, as the Germans seem to bo afeaid they may, to act with Denmark and S eeden, the Germanic Confederation would have to give up their attempt from sheer inability to do any hing. There would be no need of any great ex pause or of bloodshed. An Anglo-French fleet at 'he mouth of the Elbe, and an additional corps d armee or so thrown into Denmark, would suffice to reduce the Federal " corps of execution" to per fect harmlessness. This magnanimous disregard of consequences may be all very well, t owever, es re gards the Germans themselves. If they liked to run their heads against a stone wall at the southern extremity of Denmark, they would be perfectly welcome to do it, if it would only hurt themselves. But we object to their disregarding the conse quences to other people of executing this meddle some theory. They must kilow very well that military difficulties would be the least they would have to encounter. A very short time, and a much slighter pretext would be sufficient to raise all sorts of political dangers. They cannot suppose that their dreaded neighbour the other side of the Rhine would confine his interference to the boun daries of Denmark ; and there is no saying where the consequences of this " execution" might land us. The Germans may think it more important to regulate the language of Schleswig than to avoid the expense and confusion of war, but Europe will be of a very different opinion. If Austria "has declared in a straightfor ward manner that it rests with tho Copenhagen Cabinet to prevent armed intervention, and that Denmark, not Ger many, must give in," we are sure that Austria will be informed in an equally straightforward manner that it rests with Europe to prevent armed interven tion, and that Germany will certainly have to give in, If the impracticable brains of German philoso phers are really contemplating any such absurdity as this, we hope the Diet will be warned of thecon sequences in such plain and unmistakeable lee guage as will prevent any further attempt or threat of the sort. We really do not want to be dragged into war for these pedantic rights and theoretic necessities. We are in danger enough of European contusions without the mode of education in Schles wig and Holstein being made a question of national importance. If the Germans have no regard for their own peace and prosperity, they must have some consideration for more practical countries. - We have, besides, repeatedly expressed our opinion that the Confederation have not a shadow of justice to support their present pretensions. What may have been the territorial arrangements of 1640, what in terpretations some articles of treaties may possibly be made to bear, we do not care to inquire. It is quite sufficient that Schleswig is not a member of the Germanic Confederation, and that the Germans, therefore, have no reasonable right to interfere with the administration of it in any way but by friendly representations to Denmark. Holstein is a mem ber of the Confederation, and the Diet, therefore, has a right to see that its customs and laws are in force in that Duchy; and the King of Denmark is so far from refusing this right that he positively ' gave Holstein, by the patent of last March, what almost amounted to an independent Constitution. But the Confederation have no more reasonable claim to interfere with Schleswig than that the population is half German ; and if the territorial arrangements of Europe were to be unsettled to suit every sentiment of nationality there is scarcely one country which could avoid the interference of some other. The Germans have no more right to Schiele* wig because there are many Germans in it, than Ireland has to Scotland, or Scotland to Eng land, because in each case numbers of Irishmen and Scotchmen have in the course of time intruded themselves into those countries. We, at least, with the example of Ireland and Scotland before us, can never admit that a separate nationality necesaarity means a separate State, and the sooner the Ger mans give up the dream of acquiring the seacoast if Schleswig on any such paltry pretext, the better for their own comfort and the peace of Europe. They had better, at least, settle their own Con. , stitutions before trying to mend their n ei g hbours' and until they have consolidated their own power a little they would be wise to be less careless of the consequences of a European interference. POST.—The question, How to dispose of our felons? has for some time been agitating the public mind. Transporta tionth to Botany Bay and to Van Diem en ' s Land were approved recipes of the olden time when George George IV. were kings. But the thing was so 111, and overdone tha. the convicts outnumbered much th e free population in those colonies, and a state of th;ngs was produced the description of which outraged the feelings of soberm inded, benevolent men in this country; and on representations from the colo nies, which were, however, by no means u nanimous, the Co lonial Department and Parliament abandoned the system of transportation to Australia altogether, and adopted the scheme of home penitentiaries, hulks, and other establish. COURT OF COMMON COUNCIL, A Court of Common Council was held yesterday in the Council Chamber, Guildhall. Sir J. Musgrove presided as locum tenens for the Lord Mayor, ani there was a full at tendance of members of the court, this being the first held since the vacation. The TOWN-CLERK read communications that he had re ceived from the secretaries to the Whitechapel Refuge for Homeless Boys, and the City of London Truss Society, thanking the corporation for their grants of £5O to the for mer, and £lOO to the latter useful society. The communications were ordered to be entsred upon the journals of the court. CRUELTY TO ANIMALS IN THE METROPOLITAN CATTLE- MARKET. Mr. NORRIS, M.P., said that as a good deal of interest had been created in the mind of the public by the reports that had appeared in the newspapers of proceedings at dif• ferent police-courts, in which drovers had been convicted of the most brutal ill treatment of cattle entrusted to their charge at the new cattle-market, he wished to put a ques tion to the chairman of the markets improvement committee upon the subject. It had been stated that the corporation were, to some extent, to blame in the matter, as they granted fresh licenses to persons who had been convicted of cruplty, and he wished to know whether there was any foundation for this statement, and whether the committee had taken any steps to prevent such acts of cruelty from being com mitted in future. Mr, H. L. TAYLOR, the chairman of the markets im provement committee, said he was very glad the question had be en as k e d , as it gave hi m an opportunity of correct ing a good deal of misapprehension that had been created upon the subject by the reports that had been alluded to. He could assure the Court that the committee were most anxious to prevent cruelty from being exercised to the animals in the market, and they co-operated with the officers of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of Ani mals, with that view, and also employed two sergeants and 12 additional policemen to attend the market on the market • days for the purpose of carrying out those regulations. (Hear, hear.) Witb regar d to the charge made against the committee of havi ng gran t e d fresh licenses to drovers who had been con v i c t e d o f crue l ty, ho could say that this had . never been done, excep t i n t wo or three cases, and in one of them the p ar ty was clearly prove d to h ave b e en wrongfully convicted, and in the others the offence was of a trivial character, and the license was renewed upon the application of the man's own master. He would add that the committee had most anxiously consid , red the subject, and were determined to do all in their power to prevent cruelty being practised upon the animals brought to the market over which they had control. (Hear, hear.) Mr. NORRIS and several other members of the court expressed themselves perfectly satisfied with the explana tion that had been given, and the matter then dropped. THE RAISING OF HOLBORN VALLEY. Deputy FRY brought up a report from the improvement committee in reference to the raising of the Holborn valley, with a view to remedy the inconveniences of the present steep ascent at that spot. The report was read, and after alluding to the various Acts of Parliament th it had been passed giving powers to the corporation to raise money for the purpose of eff.cting important improvements in the City of London, concluded by recommending that the committee should be authorised by the court to advert , se for designs, plans, and estimates for raising Holborn valley, and to offer premiums of £250 and £l5O respectively for the two most approved designs, this being one of the most important improvements required for the benefit of the public and the requirements of com merce. moDueopnu.ty FRY made a f ew o b ser vations in support of the Some members wished to know whether there was to be any understanding with regard to the description of im provement tt at was intended to be effected, and whether it included the idea of a viaduct ? Mr. li. L. TAYLOR said that the object the committee had in view was clearly to olstain the best plan. (Hear, hear.) He had no doubt that, if the suggestion of the committee was ngreed to by the court, the highest talent in the country would be attracted to the subject, and they would have an opportunity of selecting a plan that would effect the object in view in a satisfactory manner . (Hear, hear.) The report was then un-nimously agreed to. The following motions b y Mr. ANDER:W: I were ado p ted : "That all notices o f motions to b e discussed by the Court of Common Council,ncil, n o t g i ven i n open court, but to the town-clerk, shall be entered upon the summons for the next ensuing court, or the court shall be informed that such notices have been received." "That all addresses, remonstrances, and petitions, from the 13th of March, 1778, to the present tim e, which have been presented to the Th rone f rom 'hi s court and the l ivery , in common hall assembl e d , w i th t h e a nswers thereto , be printed, and a copy pre s e n t e d to eac h me mber of the court.', THE CORPORATION FINANCES. Mr. DE JEr.swe then brought forward a motion which has stood over for several months : " That it being an un doubted privilege of every member of this court to ba i n _ formed of the financial position of the corporation, it be re ferred to the special parliamentary committee forthwith t o report to this court whaT are the fut ds of the corporation which are available for so great an undertaking as the for.. mation of the proposed new street from Blacktriare-bridge to the Mansion House, and which would enable the court to make the large outlay of £350,000 as recommended in the report of that committee, agreed to by this court on the 28th of May last. This motion gave rise to a warm and some what personal discussion between several honourable mem bers of tho court. It will be remembered that, during the communications that took place rietween the corp o . ration and the Metropolitan Board of Works with refer ence to the making of th e p ro p osed new stre e t fr om Black friars-bridge to the Man sion Ho u s e , a spec ia l parliamentary committee, of which :Ir. Lawley was the chairman, wa s ap . pointed to consider the matter, and they made a report to the effect that if the Go vernment would allow t he corpora. tion to undertake the for mation of the new str eet, they wer e in a position to contribute £350,000 from th e f unds of the corporation towards effecting the object. Since then Parlia ment has decided upon entrusting the formation of the new street to the Metropolitan Board of Works, so that the ques tion is virtually decided ; but, notwithstanding this, Mr. De Jersey determined upon taking the opinion of the court upon his motion. The hon. member addressed the court at some length in support of his motion, and after alluding to all the circumstances connected with the negotiation between the officers of the corporation and Mr. Cowper, the First. Commissioner of the B oard of Works, upon the subject of the proposed new stre et, he said that t he chamber ain and solicitor and the law o fficers of the cor poration bad signed a report to the effect that there were no fund s at the disposal of the corporation from which such a sum as £350,000 could p l e d g ed themselv es to be in a position to t b h e a d t e o r p iv in ed ion ; ,ananddthat, a s the select committee differed from raise the amount, if it was re q uired, he thought the citizens of London and the pu blic also ou ght to know who were in the right. He said a re p ort of th e state of the finances of the corporation was p ublished ev ery year, and this certainly y equal to th e expenditure, and in 1867 would not support the views of th e committee; for it ap peared by it that the income of the corporation at the pre sheen believedt ti m e w a t s h he there equal rdw he a d e fi ciency to the amount of l £15,400. (Cries of " No, no." ) Ile went on to say that if they really were in a position to expend £350,000 upon im provements in the City of London, he was sure the public and many important improve ments, called for, in Thames streetght easily be carried out. Mr. J. PARKER seconded the motion. would a b ne be very eah t aFsg:lnha de those hearst earnestly i e t :3 t , m i Mr. LAwLEI opposed it, and said, with some considerable warmth, that every one knew the object for which it was ahe Propo ser an d the gentl e m an w h o ylor), and another gentleman who was g b i ny n s a l ht l i t y mh ce(onbnlicrno. chis d . lap : . a y el, : . Mr. DE JERSEY and Mr, TAYLOR both rose and declared that if Mr. Lawley intended to convey to the Court that the resolution had been concocted by them, he asserted what was false. Mr. Taylor said that, so far from his having had anything to do with preparing the resolution, he did not b e li ev e he saw it until it was printed in the minutes of busi ness of the Court fr-T ( . -Lear, hear.) Si r JOHN MUSGRO V E, upon being appealed to, stated that Mr. Lawley was out of order in the observation ho had made, and that he was not justified in making the charge he had done. Mr. L&WLEY then proceeded to say that all he intended to convey was, that the resolution had been originally pre pared for a particular pnrpse, and that it had a most da maging effect upon the rights and privileges of the corpo ration in reference to the making of the new street which had been taken out of their hands by the Government. As regarded the motion, he considered it was quite a waste of time to bring it forward, or to take the opinion of the Court upon it, as the whole eff dr was now settled, i‘nd there was nothing but some party object to be arrived at. He should therefore move as an amendment the previous question. Mr. MEDWIN seconded the araendmant, and said that the reason he did so was that he considered the motion of Mr. De Jersey uncalled for and unnecessary at the present time. Mr. U. L. TAYLOR defended himself from the charge that had been m a d e aga i nst hi m o f h av i ng co ncocted the resolution and he said that, so far from his having done so, he disapp rove d o f it , an d h a d d one a ll in his power to induce Mr. De Jersey to withdraw it on the present oe • colon. (Hear, hear.) Deputy ELLIOTT said he should support the motion, and he thought it was only due to Mr. Lawley, as the chair man of the special Parliamentary Committee, that he should have an opportunity of informing the court from what source he propOnd to derive the V. 50,000 that were to be devoted to the formation of the new street. (Hear.) Mr. Alderman and Sheriff LAWEANCE said he hoped the Court would not allow itself to be dragged into the discus sion of a subject that was passed away a nd settled, and from which no good could possibly arise. Deputy FRY and several other honourable members urged Mr. Da Jersey to withdraw his motion, but he declined to do so, and a show of hands were taken, when the court ap peared to be almost unanimously in favour of the amend ment. Mr, DE tizESzy ; Ood for a division, but subsequently ments, in which work was to be found for felons at home, with the promise of reformation and such instruction as should enable the felon, when released, to obtain an honest livelihood. The ticket-of-leave system has been the result of that change. Now, however, every one is agreed that the scheme of reformation and ticket-of-leave release from gaol, with free license to prey upon the community, is an entire failure. We have had a special commission appointed to inve tigate this slit ject, and they have recommended a recurrence to the scheme of transportation to such colonies as are willing to receive convicts, and, of course, under such restrictions as will prevent the evils which attended the unlimited importations of the old regime. Amongst the colonies which have professed their willingness to receive convicts in a limited degree is the colony of Western Aus tralia, to which shipments , have already been made, not in large quantities, but sufLiently to enable the colonists to judge whether the importation of men of this description will be a desirable thing for them, or the contrary. Their feeling has been decidedly calm essed in favour of a large importation. They want labour, they want public build ings, they want roads and bridges, and they see in such an importation the readiest, if not the only, means of obtaining all these benefits ; they know also that any expense attend ing their reception will be paid by the Imperial Treasury, to the great benefit of their own produce market. These considerations have induced the Government to revert to the scheme of transportation, and to make further shipments of convicts to Western Australia, and a vessel is said to be on the point of sailing freighted with a consi derable number. Against this measure, however, there is a howl raised by the party in the old Colonies of Australia, who, by their representations, procured the abandonment of the scheme of transportation to them, The question to be considered is, whether this opposition is warranted and just, and ought to be acceded to or not. It is said that Melbourne and Sydney are on the same continent with Western Australia, and that the influx of a felon population into the Swan River Settlements will lead to the certainty of large numbers finding their way, either by escape or after the expiration of their sentences, into the older colonies, which have already suffered so much from the predominance of this felon class in their population. Let us first inquire whether this reason is sound. It is not pretended that it will be possible for any convicts to make their way overland from the Swan River to Melbourne or Sydney ; there are no roads nor rivers by which communication has been or is likely to be opened by land for the next hundred years. But they say that in whalers and coasting eraft the felons will matte their way to those older Australian colonies, which, though situated at a distance of several thousand miles, have yet considerable traffic in this way with the west. If this argument, however, be allowed weight, what island or settlement of any kind could be named wtth which communication by sea with Australia is not frequent. There is large intercourse between Singapore and India and our Australian settlements; so between them and every port end island of the Pacific, evi n to the Falkland Islands beyond Cape Horn. Is India to be prohibited from sending convicts to the Andamar s, and to settlements in the Straits of Malacca, for fear lest they should find a means of escape in whalers and other craft to the old settlements of Australia ? The argument is nonsensical, and partakes to our minds somewhat of the Monroe doctrine of America, as if, forsooth, Melbourne and Sydney had a right of domination by inevitable destiny over the whole continent of Australia; and were eneitted to prohibit England, even with the concurrence of the colonies of the west, from adopting a different system there from that which they approved for themselves. To our minds, it is conclusive that the reception or non-recep tion of convicts in West Australia is a thing to be settled between the Imperial Government and the people of West ern Australia; and that the people of Melbourne and Sydney have no more to do with that matter than Abe Lincoln;and his Cabinet have to do with Mexico. But Sydney and Melbourne have gut free democratical consti tutions, and talk loudly, as other free people are in the habit of doing. They say they will not permit the Govern ment of England to make a separate arrangement with its colonies of Western Australia, and they threaten Heaven knows-what consequences if such a thing is thought of. Whether the soberminded men of discernment in those older colonies will think the case ono to justify a ,everment from 'Great Britain, and a declaration of independence, having such a population as they have, and no army of their own to keep the peace and give them protection, is a question for their serious consideration. 'We do not suppose that they mean yet to threaten that issue. But in a recent letter in the Times there is talk of a project of retaliation by transporting their own convicts back to England. We know not to whom this threat is especially addressed, or whom they expect to influence by it. The colonies could no more transport a convict by judicial sentence to England, or to any other colony of England, without previous ar rangement and consent, than they could transport felons to France or Spain; and as for sending back men whose sentences are expired, and who are therefore free men, we know of no law which would warrant a compulsory expor tation of them if unwilling, or which would prevent them from coming to us as free men if desirous of so doing, and believe they are very much iu the habit of doing so. No man, however, who is still under a judicial sentence by any British court could venture to show himself in any place where British Law is administered ; and the law of England must be much altered in the old colo nies of Australia before any one of these could be made liable to a sentence there of the kind threatened. We are therefore not disposed to hold these retaliatory threats of much account, or to think that they are likely to have any influence in producing a change of the policy which her Majesty's Government is stated to have deliberately determined upon. HERALD.—WhiIe Admiral Kuper is waiting for instruc tions from home and expecting reinforcements from China to arrive in the roads of Kanagawa, the attitude of the Japanese Government become daily more threatening to wards foreigners. We should, perhaps, say the attitude of one of the Japanese Governments. The whole mind of Japan has been thrown into a ferment, and the political system of this people of 30 millions has been shaken to its foundations by the intrusion of foreigners and the in troduction of f uropean ideas. The latest lesson from abroad by which they have profited is the art of revolu tion. There is civil war in the Wand, and a declared antagonism between the Governments of the spiritual and temporal Emperors, the Mikado and Tycoon. F, :r ages the Japanese have gone on quietly with their strange methoa of an imperium in imperio. The supremacy of the hereditary ruler has not been disputed by the powerful commander-in-chief, who has been accustomed to admi nister most of the affairs of the country. The truth has now dawned upon the benighted minds of Mikado and Tycoon. It has become apparent to them that they re present opposite principles, and that they have no choice but to fight it out, each backed by his supporters, in the approved fashion of that outer world to which the Japanese and their rulers have so long been strangers. The quarrel is a very pretty one, and unless one side or the othereis disposed to give in, we do not see how it is to be settled in any other way. The Ja penese, we suppose, must set to work to cut each other's throats till every one of their fertile valleys and breezy plains has a right to an honourable comparison with the corpse. strewn battle-fields of that pre-eminently civilised country, where, because there are also two parties among them which cannot agree precisely as to certain details of this civilising work, the nation has set its heart on two years of fratricide. It is lamentable to think that to the dreary details of American and Chinese butcheries we shall now have to record with each mail the progress that another race is making in self-extermination. The Japanese islands are fertile and productive to a wondrous extent; their pro ducts are varied ; their wealth is prodigious ; they cover an area of a quarter of a million square miles. Unfortunately for the Europeans, whose cupidity is excited by contact with them, there are thirty millions of troublesome natives on them. But we may spare ourselves all anxiety. We need not go to war with them, and shoot them down with Armstrong guns and Enfield rifles. We need not settle among them and wear them out of the world, as we have fretted away the native races of America, New Zealand, and Australia. These poor Japanese seem conscious that they are in the way, and seem bent upon saving us all trouble in their behalf. By this time one-half of the nation is arrayed in arms against the other half. The wars of such people are endless. Before they have half finished, we may expect a considerable reduction in the population of Japan. The Tycoon, or military Emperor, represents the "party of progress" in Japan. Compared to his antagonist, he is a mere plebeian without descent or claim to high rank. The middle class and the merchants are with him, with all those who wish to profit by commercial intercourse with Europe. He can only make Saimios of those followers whom he delights to honour. These are a kind of knights, an in ferior order of nobility. The Daimios, or great nobles, are created by and owe feudal allegiance to the Mikado, who has his court at Miako, while that of the Tycoon is at Yeddo. The spiritual Emperor and his followers represent the old respectability, the aristocracy of Japan. The Daimios are great landowners, each more or less independent in his princely domain. The landed interest in Japan and elsewhere is on the side of the Crown and of conservative institutions. The aristocratic party have their prejudices. They are all for the old policy of exclusiveness. They hold in abhor rence the treaty concluded with Lord Elgin. They retired in a body from Yeddo some time since, as a protest against the radical innovations of the Tycoon, against the party of the friends of foreigners, and against the European Minis ters, whose entrance into the capital was regarded as an in famous intrusion. Nor have the nobles confined them selves to this moral demonstration. It has been by their armed retainers that the various outrages upon Europeans have been committed. It was they who attacked the Bri tish embassy and nearly murdered Mr. Oliphant, It was the Prince of Satsuma by whose orders Mt. Richardson was butchered. It was in the territories of the Prince of Kewsew that English and American ships were fired upon some weeks since, an outrage promptly avenged by the destruc • tion of the fort. In the strait of Simonasaka, a narrow sea which separates Nipon, the great island, from the western • most i land of Kewsew, a Dutch man-of-war has been since fired upon, by the orders of the same prince, who thinks himself strong enough to set all Europe at defiance. Na gasaki, the most important open port in Japan, is on this island of Kewsew. What are the English Government to do in this complicated dilemma ? The Tycoon does not seem to be at fault, and we cannot get at the Mikado. The Tycoon has paid the indemnity money for poor Richard- son's murder. There came along with it a peremptory order from the Mikado that all foreigners should at once leave, which order, of course, has not been complie-1 with. The Dutch have had a special notice given to them. This is rather hard ~pon them, after they have been admitted to exclusive trade for some 200 years—a privilege which their traders in old times procured by submitting to unheard•of humiliations. such as being made to knock their heads against the ground and trampling on the cross, and being shut up in a pestilential ialand, and only approached at arm's length with a pair cf tongs. The Dutch Govern ment has responded to this notice to quit by sending four vessels of war to arrange matters, And now the Japanese, or the Mikado, or tho Tycoon, or all of them, may consider themselves at war with all Europe, and America to boot. If the Tycoon is really our friend, and the Mikado our enemy, and if we can depend on late news as to their whereabouts, we may at once have an opportunity of oblig ing the one at the expense of the othe r . The largo port of Osaka, on the southern coast of Nipon, is to be soon opened to our trade by the orders of the Tycoon. This gentleman is said to he in great straits just now at this very place. He is hemmed in there by the troops of the Mikado, whose Imperial city of Miako is only 20 miles from Osaka. Troops were being sent, it is said, in an English vessel to Osaka to the assistance of the Tycoon. If so, we arc already in the thick of the Japanese civil war. COUNTRY MARKETS. MANCHESTER—THURSDAY. At our market this morning there was a good attendance of buyers, but trade was inactive. The demand for new English wheat was again slow—red at a reduction of 2s to 38 per qr, and white is to 2s. American wheat was offered at a decline of 3d to 4d per 100 lb on the prices of this day se'noight. Flour inactive, at Gd to is per sack and barrel lower. Oats receded Id and 2d per 451 b, and new oatmeal Is per load. Indian corn and Egyptian beans wera each rather easier. . BIRMINGHAM—THURSDAY. English'wheat was sold at 46s to 50s for white, and 40S to 46s per 36 stone for red. Barley, new malting, 36s to 42s per qr ; grinding, 26s to 30s Oats, old, 24s to 30a per 30 stone; Irish, 21s to 255. Beans, 403 . t0 41s per qr. Peas, 36s to 44s per 36 stone. CORK-SEPT. 17. The following were the quotations this morning—Red wheat, 7s 8d to 8s 4d; white, 7s 6d to 9s 8d , barley, 5a Od to 7s 3d ; oats, 5s 9d to Gs 4d ; black do., 4s 6d to 5s Bd. EDINBURGH GRAIN-SEPT. 16. A fair supply of farmers' wheat to-day, which met a dull sale at about the prices of last week. B,irley met a ready sale, and prices la up. Oats dull, and is to 2s down. Beans were scarce. Wheat on the top Os 3d up ...average is 8d dou'il- Earley on the top 2s 6d up. .........average Os 2d down. Oats on the top 4s Od down ....average Os lid clown. Beans on the top is 6d up ..average 2s 8d up. Total Supply and Sales. Wheat ... 745 qrs Sold 521 qrs 8ar1ey........ Bh6 qrs Sold 765 qrs Oats Beans l4 qrs Sold 13 qrs Flour sells as follows :—Whites, 40s Od ; extras, 38s Od; superfine, 36s Od ; fine, 34s Od. DERBY SMITHFIELD-SEPT. 15. There was a better supply of fat beasts to-day, and the quality of many of the animals was superior to those offered last week. The number of sheep and lambs were in larso show, and they sold better. Fat calves were scarce. The show of fat pigs was large, but sales were not so brisk as last week. Beef 6d to 7d Veal 7d to 7d Mutton ... Lamb .. Sd to —d Rough fat, 3s 9d per stout!. Hides, 3d to 40; calf skins. 5d to 6d. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAIL DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton Sept. IS. via Marseilles Oct 13. Jrazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. Oct. 5 ':ape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena Sept. 28- •_;bina, Penang, and Singapore, via Southarupton Sept. 18. _— _ via Marseilles Sept. 27, Flkland Gi a braltar, lslands via Southampton Sept. IS. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Sept. IS. -- via Marseilles Sept. 27 . India (Bombay), via Southampton Sept. 20. via Marseilles S e pt. 2 0 . Portugal.... Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Sept. 18. via Marseilles Sept. 20. Newfoundland Oporto and - Vigo .. .. U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet Sept. 24, by 11.8. packet by Caoadian packet Sept. 13. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffc.. Oct. 10. Bahamas, via New York Set, `24. Mexico ......... Sept. A 8 • All parts of West Indies, including Chili, I' - eru ' i Sept. 28. California. and Britiih Columbia.. BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF SUNSHlNE.—Ksclusion from sunshine is one of the misfortunes of our civi lised life. The same cause which makes the potato-vines white and sickly, when grown in the dark cellars, operates to produce the pale, sickly girls that are reared in our par lours Expose either to the direct rays of the sun, and they begin to show colour, health, and strength. One of the ablest lawyers in our country—a victim of long and hard brain labour, came to me a year ago, suffering from partial paralysis. The right leg and hip were reduced in size, with constant pain in the loins. He was obliged, in coming up stairs to raise the left foot first, on every stair, draggin"; the right one after it. Pale, feeble, miserable, he told me he had been failing several years, and closed with, "My work is done, At 60, I find myself worn out." I directed hita tD lie down under a large window, and allow the sun to fall upon every part of his body ; at first, ten minutes a day , increasing the time until he could expose himself to the di rect rays of the sun a full hour. His habits were not essen• daily altered in any other particular. In six months lie came running upstairs like a vigorous man of 40, and de clared, with sparkling eyes, " I haw) 20 years more of work in me." I have assisted many dyspeptic, neuralgia, rhea naatic, and hypochondriacal people into health by the sun cure, I have so many facts illustrating the wonderful power of the sun's direct rays in curing certain classes of invalids, that I have seriously thought of publishing a work to be denominated the "Sun-Cure."—Dr. Warren. [ADVERTISEMENT]. —Holloway ' s Ointment and Pills.- - The Haman Constitution.—The system of thousands be" comes impaired, and their subsequent happiness destroyed by the neglect of trifling causes. Every person has the power of efficiently repelling these by the use of HollowaY's well-known remedies. The mother or the nurse can alwerl eradicate disease on its first appearance in their charges by means of these preparations. The ointment is particularly well suited by its soothing, cooling, and healing qualities , and by its easy application to the little ailments of child- . hood. It penetrates from the surface internally, and thu s places in the hands of an attentive nurse an efficient mean° for extinguishing disorders of the throat, chest, or belly, without alarming or annoying the child with interna l medicine. [ADvEßTlSE3lrliT.]—Consumption, all nervous, bilious liver, and stomach complaints, in every stage, are only ag gravate and accelerated by drugs of every description, h aS perfectly curable by Du Barry's health restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, as proved by thousands of cases which had been considered hopeless. We quote a few.—Cure No. 62,91 4 . Miss Lange, 18 years of age, cured after the medical men had abandoned all hopes of her recovery from the last stage of pulmonary consumption, with fearful cough, expectoration. , exhaustion, spitting of blood, perspirations, hollow cheeks. emaciated to a skeleton. She is now, thank God, a perfectly healthy, blooming, fleshy girl.—N. Lange, Commissaire de Police. Cure, No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Fernley Surrey, oft hirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement. and partial deafness.—Cure, No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion. gatherings, low spirits, and nervous I ancies.—Cure, No. 54,816. Ihe Rev. James T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk. of indigestion and torpidity of the liver, which had resisted all medical treatment. In tins, 11b, 2s 9d ; 21b, 46 6d ; 51b, 11s; 121 b, 225; 241 b, 40s. Barry du Barry and Cu., No. n; Regent-street, London ; also Fortnum and Mason; and all grocers and chemists in every town of the United Kingdom. Births. THOMPSON.—On the 16th inst., at Whalley Range, Man chester, the wife of Lieut.-Col. Scott Thompson, 14th Hussars, of a eon. TATHAM.—On the 17th inst., at 1, Sussex-gardens, Hyde park, the wife of Meaburn Smith Tatham, of a daughter. WEST.—On the 16th inst., at Bishopsteignton, Devon, the wife of Alexander G. West, Esq., R.N., of a son, Marriages. COPED' WART.—On the 16th inst., at St. Paul's, Knights . bridge, Edmund William, eldest son of the Rev. Sir W. Henry Cope. Bart., of Bramshill-park. Hants, to Edith Cockburn, only child of the late Jas. Kerr Ewart, Esq., B.C.S. DIAMOND — BROMHEAD —On the 15th inst., at Thurlby. Lincolnshire, Warren Hastings Diamond, M.D., eldest son of Dr. Diamond, F.S.A. , of Twickenham House, to Victoria Gosville, the daughter of Sir Edmund Gonville Bromhead, Bart., of Thurlby Hall. Deaths. CnAmrTox.--On the 16th inst., at Lower Clapton, Janie Crampton, Esq., late of Shanghai, China, aged 48. GRAY.—On the 13th inst., at Kincardine Manse, Perth . shire, the Rev Dr. Gray, aged 90; GwILT.—On the 14th inst., at South hill, Joseph Gwilt Esq,, age , ' 10. HARRISON. — On the 12th inst., at his residence, Lovely lane, Warrington, Richard Harrison, Esq , aged 79.- - A. member of the Society of Friends. NEWLAND.—On the .sth inst. at Torquay. R. B. New land, Esq., late Major 20th dragoons, aged 84 . PRICE.—On the 16th inst., at Oak-hiii, Surbiton, Surrey, George Peters Price, of the Stock Esuhange, London, aged 60. ToNKIN,— On the 11th haat, at Teignmouth House, Teignmouth, Lieut.-Colonel Sir Warwick Hele Tonkin/ aged 86. London : Prin:ed and Ty.b...161ed by WILLIAM ANDREI'S of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SuN Office No. 1 1 ,4 2 ' Strand, in the Precinct 01 the Savoy, i n the c oun ty vb Wiladleatx.—Frielay, September 18, 1863