The Sun. — London, England, 1833-01-19 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS A wretched malignant scribbler, in allusion to our article upon the Irish Church, affects to ascribe it to a Cabinet Minister, and thereupon spouts forth bile against his Lordship. If the sentiments of any Member of the Cabinet should exactly coincide with ours upon a sub ject so important, we shall rejoice at it, because of the greater likelihood of seeing our own hopes for the country effectually fulfilled ; but of such individual concurrence we shall only say, that if it be true, we are not aware of it ; nor do we believe it one whit the more upon the credit of such a quarter as that from which the assertion has proceeded. Another garret teer, steeped in the dregs of a faction hostile to the first, has the face to charge the Times with inconsistency, in now beginning to plead the cause of Ireland, of which we had always here tofore abetted the gross misrule. We appre hend that the people of Ireland themselves, even the most heated agitator among them, will re probate the malignity of such false and shame less accusations. Not• a year has elapsed of the last fifteen during which the wrongs of the Irish nation, and their remedies, have failed to occupy an earnest share of our attention, and a conspicuous place within our columns. Never had the rights and liberties of Ireland, civil or religious, an advocate more zealous, more con stant, more indefatigable—we will add boldly —more successful, in its appeals to English prin ciple, than the Times ; nor will the pitiful slanders of men without weight or character efface therecord of our honest labours or abate our future energy in the advancement of the public good. The agi tation of Ireland ! We have said already for what causes Ireland has been agitated, and that if redress of manifest and shocking grievances go not hand in hand with the repression of dis turbance, the disturbers must in the end be too strong for the repressive power, will triumph over it, and will have the hearts of all mankind in their favour. If the Legislature proffer bona fide justice, and be met by insurrection, the insurgents must be put down or punished, for then the aggression will be theirs: but when has full and equal justice been rendered to the bulk of the people of Ireland ? or when has it formed a part of any prospectus of English go vernment brought before the country, as ap proved and contemplated by the Crown and Parliament ? 'We are desired gravely to " re conquer Ireland and bind it." Why, how often has Ireland been conquered ! How often fet tered ! How cruelly has she been bound and trampled on, and spoiled as she lay prostrate ! It is true the Irish have bitten off their chains ; they have gradually recovered their legs, and now, erect and intrepid, they refuse to be robbed or outraged any longer. But how, and through whose mediation did they gradually shake off a heavy portion of their bondage ? What friend had they ?—None : they had no friend, but an occasional sense of feebleness in ►heir rulers. The relaxation of the Popery laws in 1779 was from terror—the simple repeal was from terror- the elective franchise' of 1793, and other con cessions of that period, from terror. The im proved spirit of the Administration under Lord Wellesley, in 1822,—a great era in our domestic• annals, when ten counties were in open rebellion, and the gentry keeping garrison throughout the whole south of Ireland,—was from terror,—sa- lutary terror. What produced the Catholic Bil' of 1829, but the fear avowed by the bravest o men, the Duke of Wellington, that without the Government of the country must in effect he a military Government, and the price of re twining it under the crown of the United King dom a perennial civil war ? Now, again, wh\ is the Church of Ireland to be reformed ? Not for fear, which implies uncertainty, but fo despair, the utter despair of in future collecting the old fund for supporting the clergy, from the actual, though not legal, extinction of the tithe system. It is not, therefore, without a knowledge of their own history, or of the pervading spirit of the dominion which they have to'deal with, that the Irish have so frequently harassed " ears polite" by their " agitations." They have found but one cneans of — access to the Legislature— that is by knocking, in a different tone from that of gentlemen ushers, at the door. Do justice, we repeat, but, until you have the virtue to be just, have at least the humanity to be merciful. Let us examine the deep and universal corn complaints of this unfortunate people. Let us be sure to have right upon our side ere we treat them like banditti, pirates, or other felons. We do not conceive that it wc L uld be possible for all the O'Connells that ever organized agitation, or all the priests by whom he was ever seconded, to rouse the Irish peasant against law and pro perty, if he did not feel in his own heart that botli were leagued with his oppressors. Once more, then,—but not for the last time, until the great object be completed,—l e t a re d ress o f grievances keep abreast of the suppression of insurgency,—of all coercive measures for main taining the public peace, so shall we place the agitators in the wrong, and speedily as well as inevitably undermine their influence with the people. Other evils, which we had proposed to touch upon, must now be reserved for a future discussion.— Times. We received last night letters from our own correspondent at Madrid, dated the 7th inst.. which come very seasonably to assure us of the state of things in that capital, concerning which the preceding accounts had necessarily created some little uneasiness. It now appears that the partial disturbances of which it was made the scene by the partisans of Don Carlos had entirely ceased ; that that movement, by a slight repres sive exertion on the part of the police, was soon stripped of any formidable character ; and, in fact, that the whole affair, so far from affecting the power of the Queen's friends, had produced no other effect than that of demonstrating the utter prostration and impotence of the proscribed insurrectionary faction. Some further details are given in the letter, but it will be seen that Madrid is again tranquil, and that the provinces Are free from disturbance. The King resumed the sovereign functions, associated, however, with the Queen, by her Royal decree dated the 4th ;natant, and contemporaneously promulgated two other decrees, in %hid' he expresses afresh his attachment for, and confidence in, her Majesty, and is profuse in grateful ac knowledgments for the unaffected solicitudes and kindnesses which she displayed towards him during the period of .his painful illness. It is now said that he was never entirely abstracted from public business, for the powers of his mind remained unshaken, and that his reason _ . from the beginning sanctioned, as his consent was asked for, everything which his conso r t did in his name. The formal appearance of Ferdi nand, therefore, upon the political stage, is a less abrupt, and, of necessity, less equivocal matter than was . imagined. Nevertheless, it has given rise to a great deal of speculation amongst those who regard the drama of intrigues at the Spanish Court as a trifle beneath atten tion, except so far as it is connected with the progress or prospects of national freedom, and to very considerable anxiety. Experienced men, doubting the future from knowledge of the past, are diffident of the good faith of Ferdinand, seeing that he has already broken it so often ; but, on the other band, it is felt that he has new claims upon his consistency which did not exist before, and that his affection for his daughter will hind him steadily to that course, which luckily can ❑ot be promoted for her use without also serving the cause of Spanish liberty. The so lution of these misgivings must be left to time, but our next adrices may enable us to throw some light upon them. Sir Stratford Canning had not yet arrived in Madrid, and it is thought that if his mission proves, as it is supposed to be, to have for its object to influence the Court to favour the cause of Donna Maria, he will meet with many and serious obstructions to its success. He was hourly expected at the date of these letters, and the quarantine, notwithstand ing the alarm of the Government, which is very great, had been shortened in his favour from 28 to 12 days. The Government had lately dis• missed a hundred of the Guardia Real, all the members of which are tainted with Carlism, which is considered as a great proof of the con tidence that it feels in its own strength. Lord Hervey had returned to Madrid. In Lisbon the Constitutionalists were still looking forward to an energetic interference by France, towards which some recent provocatives had been offered by fresh acts of misconduct on the part of Don IVliguers forts. In our private letter will be found the details of this last outrage.—Morn ing Herald. From the entertaining and instructive work on America, by Mr. Stuart, to which we alluded on Thursday last, some valuable lessons may be derived by the people of this country. When ever a people depart from the principles of jus tice, in sanctioning oppression, they are them selves the great sufferers. If England has her Helots in Ireland the United States have their Helots in the slave States. To return to the path of justice in Ireland is surrounded by many difficulties. In the United States, from various circumstances, the return will be still more dif ficult. By the last census of the United States, the population amounted to 12,976,649, say 13 millions. But a material distinction exists be tween the slave-holding States and the others. The Eastern States, or New England, with a population of nearly two millions; the Middle States, with a population of upwards of four millions (Maryland excepted, which has be tween 100,000 and 200,000 slaves) ; the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, with a population of upwards of 1,300,000, that is, altogether, States with a population of nearly eight millions, are free from the curse of slavery. In these States, they who labour are happy, virtuous, and con tented. Education is more generally diffused in (hem than in any region of the globe. But when we turn to the slave-holding States, the reverse of all that is cheering in the free States presents Itself. Everywhere in the free States improve ments proceed rapidly, communications extend, d newspapers abound. But the moment the stranger enters a slave-holding State, tyranny and its offspring—apprehension and distrust—exhi bit themselves in their worst forms. When Mr. Stuart was at Richmond, in Virginia, " a law was in progress for preventing the free men of colour from being educated. It passed the House of Delegates, but was rejected in the Senate by a small majority." " The effects of slavery (observes Mr. Stuart) are nowhere more visible than in Virginia; the population not having increased like that of the free States of the North. In 1790, Virginia contained, in her boundaries, one-fifth part of the whole political power of the American Confederation, was twice as large as New York, and one-third larger than Pennsylvania; but times are changed Her political weight will be just one-half of that o New York in the Congress under the New Cen• sus, and one-third less than that of Pennsylva. nia'; she will have to rank with Ohio, a State that was not in existence when she was in the zenitl of her prosperity." In Georgia the laws are beyond measure tyrannical. "In case (says Mr. Stuart) any slave or free person of colour teach any other slave or free person of colour to read or to write either written or printed cha racters, the free person of colour or slave is punished by fine and whipping ; and a white person so offending is punished with a fine not exceeding 500 dollars, and imprisonment in the common gaol. Any slave or free person of colour, or any other person, circulating papers or bringing into this state, or aiding in any man ner in bringing into the state, papers, for the purpose of exciting to insurrection, conspiracy, or resistance, any of the slaves or free persons of colour, against their owners or the citizens, is punished — with death." In Louisiana the laws respecting the slaves are as tyrannical as at Charleston or in Georgia. " The State Legis lature (says Mr. Stuart) have now, on the 16th and 17th days of March (1830), passed two Acts, not many days before I reached New Or leans, containing most objectionable provi- sions. The first — Act provides, Ist, that.who . soever shall write, print, publish, or distribute anything having a tendency to create discontent among the free coloured population of this State, or insubordination among the slaves therein, shall, at the discretion of the Court, Allier death, or imprisonment at hard labour for life.-2. That whosoever shall use language in any public discourse, from the bar, the bench, the stage, the pulpit, or in any place, or in pri vate discourse or conversation, or shall make use of signs or actions having a tendency to pro duce discontent among the free coloured popu lation in this State, or to excite insubordination among the slaves therein, or whoever shall knowingly be instrumental in bringing into this State any paper, pamphlet, or book, having such tendency as aforesaid, shall, at the discretion of the Court, suffer at hard labour not less than three years nor more than twenty years, or death.-3. That all persons who shall teach or permit, or cause to be taught, any slave in this state to read or write, shall be imprisoned not less than one nor more than twelve months." The second Act provides for the expulsion from the State of all free people of colour who came into it subsequently to the year 1807, and in flicts a high penalty on any white man the author of written or printed papers within the State, or who shall use any language with the intent to disturb the peace or security of the same, or relative to slavery, or to diminish that respect which is commanded to free people of colour for the whites. While newspapers are increasing in the free States, they are either stationary or decreasing in the slave States. Thus, while the newspapers in the State of New York have increased, between 1810 and 1830, from 66 to 211, and in Pennsylva nia from 71 to 185, there were 13 in Georgia in 1810, and the same number in 1830, and 10 in Louisiana in 1810, and only 9 in 1830. though in that period the population has in creased from 20,845 to 215,272. In the slave States, the owners of slaves are well aware that their property is held by the precarious tenure of the ignorance of the slave, and therefore they enact their Draconian laws against the com munication of knowledge. The following cal culation will show the motive which the owners of slaves have for retaining them in ignorance : —" Dr. Tidyman (says Mr. Stuart, in a late publication, relating chiefly to the establishment of the recent Tariff ) states the expense of pro viding clothing, food, &c., for a slave, on a well managed plantation, to be about 35 dollars per annum. He also states the amount of the wages of a labourer—a white man—in the United States to be three times as great as ii Europe. Now supposing the price of a slave to be 400 dollars, and 40 dollars a year's interest at ten per cent. on his price, the prodigious saving of employing slaves is obvious. The wages of a white man cannot be reckoned at less than 500 or 600 dollars." In fact, so long as there is abundance offertile land unoccupied in America labour will be high, and it will consequently be profitable to keep slaves. But it is obvious that the slave will keenly feel the hardship of his lot, and that the more he is instructed, the less will he be disposed to submit to it. On the other hand, in the free States, it is the interest of all that knowledge should be as extensively diffused as possible. Where all are equal, it is obvious that there is much more danger from ignorance than knowledge. Thus we find every where in the free States an anxiety for the diffusion of education. Mr. Stuart notices an interesting conversation he had with a Mr. Spencer, the High Sheriff of a county of New York, in which the latter 0 expatiated on the advantages of education being placed in the power of all, especially in such a Government as theirs, where all men had public duties to discharge, and no man was in station or rank inferior to his neigh bour." "All ranks (says Mr. S. in another place) are educated in those parts of the United States, where there isanything like a crowded-population. The order and regularity which pervade their uni versal suffrage and annual elections have already been described, and are unquestionably in a great measure owing to the education and intelligence of the people, and to their being perfectly well informed on the general political questions which agitate the country. The example of the United States proves that there is no risk in bestowing the right to vote in elections on all persons, not incapacitated by crime, who have been well educated. Neither the Patroon of Albany, pro bably the most wealthy landed proprietor in the United States, nor Mr. John Jacob Astor, the greatest capitalist of New York, would view their property to be more secure by being authorized to send Members to Congress, or to the State Assembly of New York State." Accordingly we find the institutions for education in the free States of North America on a scale of libe rality without example in any other part of the world. Thus, for instance, Mr. Stuart observes— " The general plan of eduction at the public free schools here is not confined to mere reading, writing, arithmetic, and book-keeping, and the ancient and modern languages ; but comprehends grammar, mathematics, na vigation, geography, history, logic, political economy, and rhetoric, moral and natural philosophy: these schools being as stated in the printed regulations, intended to occupy the young people from the age of four to seventeen, and to form a sys•em of education advancing from the lowest to the highest degree of improvement, which can be de rived from any literary seminaries inferior to colleges and universities; and to afford a practical and theoretical ac quaintance with the various branches of a useful education " There are at present at Boston 68 free schools, be sides 23 S ibbath schools; in all of which tl , e noorest in habitant of Boston may have his children educated, ac cording to the system of education before specified, from the age of four to seventeen, without any expense what ever. The children of both sexes are freely admitted. The funds for these schools are derived from bequests and donations by individuals, and grants from the Legislature and corporations; and enable the trustees, consi.ting of twelve citizens, annually elected by the inhabitants of each of the twelve wards of the city, with the Mayor and eight Aldermen, to give the teachers salaries varying from 2.500 to 800 dollars a year. The assistant teachers have 600 dollars. The trustees elect the teachers, and vote their salaries yearly ; and no preference is given on any principles but those of merit and skill. " No expense whatever is incurred at those schools for the children, except for bo dis. The richer classes at Boston formerly very generally patronized teachers of pri vate schools, who were paid in the usual way ; but they now find that the best teachers are at the head of the public schools, and, in moat cases, prefer them ; the children of the highest and lowest rank enjoying the pri vilege, altogether invaluable in a free State, of being edu cated together. "In the adjoining State of C innecticut, it has been ascertained by accurate reports, that one third of the po pulation, or about 275,000 attend the public schools. " The result of the recent inquiry into the state of edu cation in the State of New Yolk, which adjoins New Eng 'aid, and is almost equal to it in population, and to which I have already alluded, is very much, though not entirely, the same. It is proved by actual reports, that 499,434 children, out of a population of one million, nine hundred thousand, were at the same time attending the schools— that is, a fourth part of the whole population. Although the public funds of New Yolk State are great, these schools are not entirely free, but free to all who apply for immunity from payment. The amount of the money paid to the teachers by private persons, does not, however, amount to one-third of the whole annual expense; which is somewhat less than a million of dollars." Thuq, while every addition to the number of the slaves adds to the insecurity of the slave States, the free States are becoming every day more enlightened, powerful, and prosperous. We may observe, that in the elections in the free States the ballot prevails, while in the slave States the elections are conducted as in Eng land, and the same disgraceful scenes are exhi bited in them. Mr. Stuart was in the State of New York during the election in which Pre sident Jackson was chosen. The following is the account he gives of what came under his no tice on that occasion : " It was on the sth November that I was present at the election at Ballston Spa, held in one of the hotels, about the door of which twenty or thirty people might be standing. My friend, Mr. Blown, introduced me, and got me a plac eat the table. I must confess that I have been seldom more dis appointed at a public meeting. The excitement occasioned by the election generally was declared by the newspapers to be tar greater than had ever been witnessed since the declaration of independence in 1776. And at Ballston Spa any irritation which ex. isted had been increased by an attack made a few days previous to the election by the local press, and by hand-hills. on the moral character of one of the can- didares, a gentlem in who had filled a high offi Congress, and who resided in the neighbourhood. I was therefore prepared for some fun, for some ebullition of hu moor, or of sarcastic remark, or dry wit, to which the Americans are said to be pron.. Bot'all was dumb show, or the next thing to it. The ballot-boxes were placed on ti table, at which half a (Lae!) of the inspectors or canvassers of votes were seated. The voters approached the table by single files. Not a word was spoken. Each voter de. .vered his list, when he got next to the table, to the offs• cers, who call-d out hi; name. Any person might ob ject, but the objection was instantly decided on—the cers having no difficulty, from their knowledgeOfThe township, of the persons residing in it, and to whose tea- timony reference was instantly made, in determining on the• spat, whether the qualification of the voter was or was not sufficient. I need hardly say, that I did not at tend this excessively uninteresting sort of meeting for any long time; but I am bound to bear thie tthtimony in -its favour, that so quiet a day of election, both without and within doors, I never witnessed either in Scotland or Eng land. I did not see or hear of a drunk person in the street .f the village or neighbourhood, nor did I observe any thing extraordinary except the increased number of car. riages or waggons of all kinds, three or four of them drawn by four horsos, one by six. We were residing close by the hotel where the election took place, and in the evening the tranquillity was as complete as if no election had occurred. " The county canvassers for the twenty townships of this county of Saratoga afterwards met, and made up their returns for the county, in all of which, as well as in the whole of the State, the same quietness and perfect order prevailed. The number of votes given in this State for the electors of the President was 276,176, in a popula tion of upwards of 1,800,000 ; and that this part of the election was most keenly contested is obvious from the recorded fact, that the majority for Jackson over Adams i n this State only amounted to 5,350. The total num her of votes given in the Presidential election on this oc casion was afterwards ascertained to be nearly 1,200,000, in a population of about 12,000,000, of which the whole Sates are composed. " Thus, in a State far exceeding Scotland in extent, and almost equalling it in population, the votes for the Chief Magistrate of the United States and his Substitute— for the Governor and Lieutenant Governor of the State— for a Senator and Representatives to Congress for three Representatives to the State of New York—.for four Co roners, a Sheriff, and a Clerk to the County, were taken —and the business of the election finished with ease, and with the most perfect order and decorum, in three days. All voted by ballot, which is here considered the only way to obtain independent and unbiassed votes ; and if so in this country, how much more in the British Islands, where the aristocracy and higher orders are so infinitely more powerful, influential, and numerous !" Mr. Stuart cites the authority of Dr. Dwight, Chancellor Kent, &c., as to the good effects of ballot, and refers to the evidence of Mr. James Fleet for the contrast which is observable where there is no ballot. Mr. James Fleet (he says), who travelled in the United States about a dozen years ago, and whose scru pulous correctness of narration is well known to all who knew him, in his published Letters from America states his views as to their elections thus :—" A few days ago I witnessed the elec tion of a Member of Congress for the State of Indiana. Members for the State Assembly and county officers, and the votes for the township of Jeffersonville, were taken by ballot in one day. No quarrels or disorder occurred. At Louisville, in Kentucky, the poll was kept open for three days; the votes were given viva voce. I saw three fights in the course of an hour. This method appears to be productive of as much dis cord here as in England. With relation to the ballot, I would only further add, that a great point gained by it is celerity ; 10,000 votes can easily be taken in five or six hours." Should a contest take place between Carolina and the free States, in which all the power of the Union re sides, the issue may be anticipated without much difficulty. We hope, however, a contest will be avoided. While not one-eighteenth part of the land of the United States is yet unoccupied, what madness in the free States to persist in the measure which threatens dissolution of the Union !—Morning Chronicle. The election of the whole sixteen representa tive Peers of Scotland from the Conservative portion of the Scotch Peerage is a galling wound in the side of the present revolutionary iVlinistry, and, as might naturally be expected, their organs of the Press writhe, growl, and threaten upon the occasion in the genuine style of chastised, angry, and desperate sans culottes. It is pro voking, no doubt, to Earl Grey and his gang of Revolutionists for the love of place that they can only obtain the votes of the three-and-tenpenny rent-payers, who manifest by their suffrages, not their respect or confidence towards the Adminis tration, but their devotion to a phantom called Reform, which the jugglers of Whitehall have created to amuse and delude them, whilst all classes of society above the level of the three and-tenpenny voters express, upon every oppor tunity, towards these shallow jugglers, the precise degree of aversion and contempt which their principles and eonduct deserve. It is indeed very provoking. We cannot feel the least surprise that it should make Earl Grey and his revolutionary crew very angry ; and, as angry men seldom act judiciously, it is natural enough that the Administration and its retainers should show how deeply they are mortified and vexed at every new proof of their having forfeited the esteem and respect of all the upper classes of society. There is nothing so easy as for the squire of a country village to make himself popular with the blacksmiths, the carpenters, the tailors, the shoemakers, and the boors in his neighbourhood. To secure th e atta i nment of thi s object he has nothing to do but to de scend to their level ; to adopt their coarse tastes and vulgar propensities ; to frequent the alehouse where they booze, and the fairs at which they display their rustic accomplishments of climb- ing a greasy mast, grinning through a col lar, or eating hasty pudding against time ; but to obtain the esteem and affection of the class of society to which he properly belongs requires other attainments and exertions. There is nothing so easy as for the clergyman of a parish to make himself popular among the Ranters and Jumpers in the vicinity of his parsonage, for, to attain this object, he need only rant and jump as they do ; but to acquire the respect and affection of his brother clergymen he must cul tivate other studies, and devote himself to other and more arduous duties. Neither is there any thing so easy as for Ministers of the Crown to ob tain the favour of the rabble, for tothis end nothing more is required than that they should flatter the ignorant vanity, and gratify the thirst for poll- Ical power, by which the rabble in every country s distinguished. But to obtain or deserve the c onfidence and favour of those classes of society to which the Ministers of the Crown generally belong it is indispensable that they should dis play some of the qualities of Statesmen ; that they should show a deep regard for the institu tions of the country, and for its welfare and tran quillity ; that they should prove themselves to be actuated by an anxious desire to maintain the honour and promote the interests of the nation, and possessed of the talent and experience to perceive in what its honour consists, and how its essential interests may be protected and advanced. It would be very extraordinary indeed if Earl Grey and his colleagues could not find writers to attempt to depreciate the judgment of theßritish House of Peers, of the constituent Peerage of Scotland, and of all the seats of learning in the three kingdoms, when all these have concurred unanimously to pronounce Earl Grey and his colleagues incapable or wicked Ministers. Men must provide fur their families, and must, there fore, labour in their several vocations. But, after all that the Ministerial Press can say, it will scarcely be believed even of Earl Grey and his colleagues that they are pleased with the po sition in which they stand, or that they would prefer, had they any choice in the matter, the suffrages of the weavers of Glasgow to those of the Noble Voters of Holyrood House. It must be unpleasant to such men as Earl Grey and several of his colleagues to find that they are objects of scorn and aver- sion to that class of society which is properly their own, and of which, had they not been revo lutionary Ministers; they might have retained the high esteem and regard. And for this they will scarcely find any adequate compensation in the Tony Lumpkin kind of popularity to which they may have attained at the « Three Pigeons," and which they share with all such gentlemen as habitually descend to the society of tinkers, and all such of the clergy (if there be any) who mix themselves up with the Ranters, Jumpers, and other insane fanatics of the conventicles. But we are told that the ranks of the Tony Lumpkin Administration must be reinforced in the House of Lords in order to counteract the effect of the election for. Scotland of Represen tative Peers of a different school. This is a new specimen of the constitutional principles of the Ministry and its adherents. The Peerage of Scotland have exercised the right preserved to them by the Act of Union, and therefore the Royal prerogative in the creation of Peers is to be prostituted, the British Peerage is to be de graded, and the Ministers of the Crown for the time being are to exercise the power of packing the highest branch o f th e Legisla ture by the introduction of sixteen nominees and slaves of their own. The reasoning is, it must be admitted, strict and cogent. The Peers of Scotland withhold their confidence from the King's Ministers which is a great crime. They do not see all the redeeming merits of an Administration against which no higher crimes can be charged than those of exciting the rabble of England to burn down cities; persecuting the meritorious Magistrates of cities which have undergone the Ministerial ordeal of fire, in order to divert public attention from their own delinquency ; bringing Ireland to the verge of rebellion, and leaving all the Protestant Clergy, Magistrates, and respect able inhabitants of that country in daily and hourly apprehension of murder ; employing the navy of England in acts of piracy ; dissolving all the ancient and beneficial alliances of Eng land with the other Powers of Europe ; and this shows no doubt the greatest folly and blindness on their part. And therefore the House of Peers of the United Kingdom, which, fortu nately, is quite as benighted upon this subject as the Peerage of Scotland, is to be placed in the power of these Ministers, to whose transcendent merits, the full counterpoise and adequate com pensation for the trivial faults we have men tioned, it and they, and all the superior classes in every one of the three kingdoms, are so fool ishly and criminally blind. It is a principle of the British Constitution that the Ministers of the Crown should be amenable to the judgment of the two Houses of Parliament, and that nei•her House of Parliament should be amenable to the judgment of the Ministers of the Crown. But a Reforming Ministry,like the present, requires and deserves that in its favour so inconvenient a principle should be eradicated or overlooked. Surely this is reasonable.—Morning Post. ABOLITION OF CHURCH PATRONAGE (Abridged from the Edinburgh Observer of Tuesday.) Yesterday a meeting of this society and of those interested in its objects, was held in the Assembly Rooms. Among the gentlemen present we observed George Sinclair, Esq., M.P., Rev. Drs. Dickson, Muirhead, Manuel, and M'Crie; Rev. Messrs. Johnston, Paxton, Anderson, !Sommerville and Goold; Sir W. Seton, Bart., Mr. Forest of Co miston, Mr. Campbell of Carbrook, Mr. Walter Brown, Mr. Adam White, Colonel Wilgress, Major M'Gregor, Mr. J. G. Ward, Mr. Bridges, Mr. Stothart of Cargen, Mr. Joseph Liddle, Mr. A. Campbell, Mr. Alexander Dunlop, advocate, &c. Letters of excuse were also read from Mr. Andrew Johnston, M.P., and Rev. Mr. Martin, Kirkaldy. Mr. SINCLAIR, M.P., was called to the chair, and the business of the meeting opened with prayer. Mr. SINCLAIR then rose, and was received with much applause. We are not assembled here for the purpose of controversy or debate; we are not going to consider whether patronage be or be not a grievance; we are not going to discuss the expedi ency of forming a society for remedying those evils which we consider patronage to be productive of ; we come before you a society already established, and some years in operation, and none can be ex pected to take a part in our proceedings who is not himself a member of the institution, and conse- quently an approver of its objects. I know that there are many men of great piety, intelligence, and respectability, who consider that to be the bulwark of our church, which we consider to be its bane.— 'Here there was some interruption, occasioned by ,he entry of Dr. M'Crie, who was very warmly re- ceived.) The Honourable Gentleman then alluded in the most feeling terms to the late Dr. Thomson, who had so cordially co-operated with him on a former occasion of this kind. The object this so- ciety has in view is the total and unqualified aboli tion of patronage. But we only consider the abolition of patronage as the means to the accom plishment of an end—that end is, that there shall be established in every parish throughout Scotland a faithful, zealous, popular, and efficient minister. — (Applause.) I would put the question to your se-lves, and ask you to appeal to your own consci ence, and consider whether the patron of the com municating peasant is the best judge of a minister's qualification—the patron who slumbers over Blair, or the peasant who feeds on Boston—the patron who resides at the distance of three hundred miles from the precincts of the parish, and never passes a Sabbath them from the commencement of the year to the close,—the peasant who is never absent from the hour in which he was rocked in the cradle, until the moment he is consigned to the grave,—the pa tron who accompanies his family to the midnight pantomime,—the peasant who assembles his house-1 hold to family prayer,—the patron who goes to the Episcopal cathedral, or the peasant who passes by that church in which the patron has intruded a faithless and inefficient mini•ter on a reluctant con• gregation, in order to walk five or ten miles to some more favourable resort, where he knows his soul will be nourished with the things which accompany salvation. I remember to have heard an anecdote i)f an influential country gentleman, who, in his way, showed great kindness to a clergyman, and this clergyman was called on to preach on a subse quent Sabbath. When the patron had reached home immediately after attending church, he said, " Here is gratitude for you! here I and my family have shown this man the greatest kindness, and the return he makes when be gets into the pulpit is to tell us that we are great sinners unless we repent. He preaches that our good works go for nothing before God. This sermon will do very well for a penitential—a Newgate; but before a genteel and respectable audience, to tell them that they are sin ners, is the most extraordinary conduct that they ever met with."—(Laughter and applause.) The Hon. Gentleman sat down amidst great applause. ofisrtstcOrdial resolution,conSeton, Baronet. ed whnpAitc:h.t.ocD'EvltHaAlisselisniLDencopat e n K,d s sa : bn N Nyd , E Sg:i s rov q vle . e lsit a an d mme the petition to be transmitted to Parliament, and moved that the same he intrusted in the House of Lords to the Marquis of Breadalbane, and in the House of Com mons to their Honourable Chairman, which was se conded by Alex. Dunlop, Esq., Advocate. PATRICK TENNANT, Esq., moved the third reso lution, recommending that the different parishes throughout Scotland should petition Parliament on Thethe subject,thaHks of w thehic h was mee co t i s n e gt n o d t e h d e by chair Mitchell. wee the moved by Professor Paxton. After which, Dr. ArCRIE, on being called upon by the meet ing, lewa r : o — s t a o seo mh c er n e d , s t i h r, e wit o h t motion, your a l e n a d v e s , p a o s k e a $ 9 O teer, not a member, however, of the voleiT Church establishment, and I nee d no t say second with the utmost cordiality the vote of tbsi that has been moved. I have cheerfully ett el/1 any meeting whi c h th e H on . Ch a i rman woule attended, from the regard I feel to his private_ ratter, and from the co i nc id ence o f hi s political moral sentiments with my own. He formerly) the question seriously to me," Can nothing be e l for bringing the Established Church and the Sec sion to near connection and communion ?" ! i swered his letter res p ect f u ll y , an d , I trus t, vv' t ",, any mixrure of jealousy, and without any ml of the sour spirit of sectarianism, but at the rime with all the due and characteristic caution ( Scotchman, I took care not to pledge reYselb. (Laughter.) Among other things, I said that t . was no ratioual prosect of it being rah! unless the galling yoke which our forefatll were unable to bear were removed from neck of the Church of Scotland —(Hear, 11 °, I am decidedly of opinion that a lay patron IS foreign to the Christian Church as a Lord Bishl that lay patronage is no more necessarily cone: with an Establish e d Ch urc h t h an a L or d Biel l I trust the day is not di s t an t i n w hi c h t h e ides I any established Church, particularly the Chor e ' ) Scotland, depends on the patronage of any P ee of f landholder will be scouted, and looked on es plated, and as obsolete as the formerly favo r court maxim, " No Bishop, no King." And 1 . 11 7 1 Tided opinion has long been, that patronage I hi g, usurpation on the lib ert i es of the Church, Christ made free a t a greater pr i ce than t he vi' a of the universe could afford, and she stands the: kingdom, arid the first commonwealth on ear,'!: (Great applause.) My opinion, to descend e lower, is, that patronge is a remnant of feudal —it has no recognised foundation—it rests on; uld and no w ill eg ibl e s h re d o f a v i t i ate d contri o which the priests entered into with barber i barons, in order that they might secure their o f secular intere s t s . My op i n i on i Q, that belle°. flow from the Popish Kirk, and the cor p o raticra g ; the canon law,—that p atronage d egra d es t h e Ch o flan people into serfs. It is an insult to a country, a foul blot o n t h e P res b yter i an charg e ,' # arid a scand a l i n t h e r i g h t o f t h e pure sun of gion.—(Great applause.) The CHAIRMAN returned thanks for the bon d , they had done him, and the meeting dissolved. THE COLDSTREAM GUARDS.--0 01°1 MACKINNON'S account of the Origin and Services of elebrated corps, one of the oldest in the service , Is pected in the course of a few days. The Coldstrellffif , lependently of forming the body guard of Royaill fully justified its motto of " Nulli Secundus," su from its formation under General Mortcx, uniform l y vanced the glory of the British arms in almost every P of the Globe. The utmost facility has been afforded c° fo author in the pros e c u ti on o f hi s l a b ours . Th e W a r ° the State Pap •r Office, the British Museum, and c ' d national depositories, have yielded up their stores, these has been added much valuable information, de r ', trot private sources. The work will come forth ° ft ' the direct sanction of his MAJESTY. The St. Petersburgh journals state that t small-pox is prevalent in several parts of the Russiel pire, hut express their hope that, from the care tak e . ll , he Government in propagating vaccination, the al s " will soon become harmless. They state, that dering last year 402,460 c hild ren h ave b een vaccinated, bulli the intentions of th e Gover nmen t h ave not been fOR., as there remained 709,184 children who had not rea l the benefit of this operation. Immense works are to be raised for the fence of the banks of the Lower Scheldt, the proje ct which has been submitted to the King. The forts to r paired and put in a stat e of d e f ence are t h os e of i Mary, the Pearl, St. Philip, and La Croix. The s first are on the left hank; St. Mary is situated aboO t o leagues above Ant wer p, near th e most diffi cu l t pa ss : 00 river, and is regard e d as an i mportant point o f dei st, The Pearl is about half a league in front of St. S A in an equally favourable position, in consequence vessels being obliged to pass under its guns. St. r) 11 and La Croix are on the right bank of the Seheld l ;o r former being on a level with St. Diary, crosses it s i s with those of Fort Pearl. The fort of La Croix is, less advantageous position with regar d to t h e d e feOu d the river. It is principally intended to protect A the destruction of u hich would cause incalculable dam s The temporary works round Lierre and Hasselt are tended to be permanent. —. Morning Paper. THE ST. SIMONIANS.—The PERE PREME and MICHEL CHEVALIER occupy No. 5, to new buildings of St. Pe.agie. ENFANTIN wears a°' velvet mantle lined with rich green and white fur, a of red velvet, black pantaloons, and yellow sandals. his white vest is inscribed, LE PERE. His beard i 0 and thick. CHEVALIER also wears his beard very I t and has a red toque. His mantle is violet, We i° with ermine. His pantaloons are of a bright red, those of the troops of the line. The PERE Sari lives retired, but the Apostle MICHEL CH EVA LIER 0 11 his appearance in the pri-on very frequently, and reel ae he passes the salutations of tho.e who are detaine° political offences. When ENFANTIN comes forth, th e caps of the Republicans are respectfully doffed to biro) is said that the room of the St. Simonians is ricblY nigher!. They have a party evei y night from a mongst, political prisoners, without any distinction as o°„ t opinions, and pour out libations of punch to the 01 right and the sovereignty of the people. TILE CASE OF ALLEGED C RUE LTY MAIDEN-LANE.—Ever since Monday, when it was ' t at Bow-street that the parents of a girl named HO? living in Maiden-lane, had been discovered practi cruel treatment towards her, their house has been asst by a crowd of persons from an early hour in the MO up to a late hour at night, who, fart of a well-intent i ' though mistaken spirit of revenge, have resorted t°' great excesses, which several times called for the 10t' rence of the p o li c e. On W e d nes d ay t h e unhappy IA of the girl ventured out on business, and was s o rout treated by the fury of a mob, by which he was Pe ll through the streets, that to save his life be was coral° to take refuge in a police station-house, whence it bee necessary for a strong force of police to escort bin] t O l home. In the evening of the same d a y a l arge asse nt of persons, chiefly compo , ed of w omen , f orme d in (rev, the house in Maiden-lane, and had recourse to various; of violence, the women in particular, who carried oY shells and other missiles under their cloaks, with s° they succeeded in breaking fifteen panes of glass i! windows of the house, i n a dditi on t o t h ose pre' willh e n be all a d othermtt admitted, broken. Th e y a l so p e lt e d p enn y-pi eces at the wit' w ammunition might have empl oye d their il ition failed them, an d cer tait in a better way. It is to lie hoped that similar vie will not be used in future, especially as the case is u the cogniz a nce of the police magistrates, who dot Rill do what justice requires. The mob last night,' not so violent as on the preceding night, and were dispersed by the police who watched their movemen MARRIED. On the 15th inst. at St. Clement's Church, Hasting s i t Alexander Schlusser, from St. Petersburgh, to Sarah r, youngest daughter of th e Rev. W. Gurney, Rector of , ment Danes ' London. On the 17th inst. Lieutenant R. K. Barnes, R.M., to 04111 Letitia, eldest d aug h ter of the late William Falwasser, ~..,4 the Haymarket, London. r rted. On the Itith inst at Berriew, John Rainier, Esq., 0. -; a 0 to Harriette, eldest daughter of the Rei. John Jones, of P Hall, Montgomeryshire. On the 17th inst. at Care, Suffolk, William Hughes, E -14 t 0 Southam Von-buildings, London, to Emily, third daug" „ the late Lieutenant-General Elwes. vAsO On the 16th i nst. at Bowdrip, Somersetshire, Francis Leach, Esq., youngest son of Henry Leach, Esq., o f Ki0 1 :;i1 House, Glamorganshire, to Harriet Goodwin, youngest dA of the late William Page, Esq., of the Civil Service, Bo DIED. 40 • On the 14th inst. in Crutched Friars, M r . S. L ev y, writer of the Course of Exchange, in his 62d year, leS e r widow and 13 children, to deplore his los s . H e di e d aria belovedth e d deservedly regretted. On an 14th inst. in Francis-street, Tottenham-co- Mrs. Cragg, widow of the lat e James Cragg, aged 80. On the 15th inst. at St. Mary Abbots, ,ensingtoOL Stukeley Kinchant, relict of John Charlt o n Kin c h a nt, F. 5.74 of Park Hall, Salop, and Brook Green Hous e , Hammers On the 16th inst." at Brighton, Arabella Wilkinson 1 widow of the late William Bryan, Esq., aged 53. On the 17th inst. in St. James-place, Bermond se y, aged Peter Aising, a native of Drammen in Norway, f or 32 Ye" A tidential clerk to the la' e firm of Boulton and Baker. 5.„05 On the lt•th inst. in Hanover-square, Eli a b e th Dent Y the wife of P. Hesketh Fleetwood, Esq., M.P. o f Rosa 4 , 1 Lancashire. _ On the I,th inst. at Netherfield House, W. H. Fel, oil formerly of his Majesty's 17th Regi ment of Infantry, an' n f the Deputy-ietenats or the cunty of Herts. e On the 13 L th u inst. at Clifton, o Penelope, widow °- the Francis Lucius Austen, Esq., of Wilmington, near Dae f the county of Kent. —e PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY MUItDO YOUNCO I SUN (Plias, 112, STRAND LONDON, • AHands bad c?ntainin femil With or Where r /4- •)pl y M ART eeiWat I ra T r Pi Gent, London, ruc le e th rQ : e 'N orn S° ll ,ettfra addri uotteller, 46, fo rwa , to hi NEB , LOTT c° nseq u taken requiring FILE down, he Ss 4' fro at o • R b N th ° lo gS • S for I Half .. Tic . ....... t e rarter. ..... gti tt . ;Os and s - Lottery o irfiriz ready, Tiiii.vicit:R:tout:latiti'etaildtlitkttiolflon,i, tit 44,40b..tilt,eitz.,11P.,it,441,,itite:i1),,,Iiz:4(ii',),,,,h,',,Nlin.o.hity':11.°1,:ae,see. ONLY t ,ec I:y N l ' p i , tntil L n EE fo ' Y vo, Vir r ' t ao o s S rib,, . , u l , v. nevr ' t et) it t r es l:' I ' I ' . ee t .:19:1S- .11. ' 1 e c : 6:°* 6 ril l '' ' ' ''' 11 11l ) I, :t: t le‘ ... ' 45411t : - ' . . l u n e ieb " .l "°_t• 'neeisth'"lini-ea.ol Preset 11 traits 'tennr‘kr chart d: o t d f ;3 ( i - - e 'i r s or n 'eetet i . i l stt i . i g atnlic c a ,, . , wa s put the T he (1• IPE A otlle, al. a first-I.a : 4: sf lib i l h l' e nnie'e y idial.'rnf:ilo L ro l ffr°}l n dr i l' P f ek --- 41,0 c the Bankers 1 .1,b 14aihleriinn and I ktittle,e_ üblicatio till 'l,r4ni and N, (i t ingrt Mini . n atal Infort lie,74reital, Ste . b01 1 ,. .....11, : t ej5. 1 n — , QUIXOTE, :-.44 e :.. l) ;r n ' l ti X nu O a T ti E o itw.nE w ill lChel Mitlit4; OVE L IS MLitt By GE 1 4 A Irnngini IZo ll ,"" of neat 140 of ar r'tor, and , ex quisite 1 fir. Georg ' w an, Duhl 1114 1 , E Eunted WID( '! u Ptoby n. k A p;4l 3 ,_ Li n . tl. 11, P 11 is t h tr "e k (1 e AID I Y . Thorn' 1ti:443 10 . 6d. ; 6d. r 0;4 Meztotinti 4;nita, IL la. ; I 4. IET. P aint I I; l ' tte iato Ily J. B r 0 , 1/. I s. ; etday s will 1 PORI ‘b k St4<ktr'rs:.—Art "11. Modern ttei.`""ert 44 1.0 is xvi toatthbf Denmark kreebio's W o I'l4p"3BPecia of I Victt N%tit: Arri va • bene's t.,, 11° °I England 114L1 Therpe—X 14,1ade...-x VI Ilits Literary Intel, ; to, ) ,!taly, and O r b ist r ' af M. Douvil tlPhical notices o b` i'44cl • by Tr ei It atutr e ; Black, vet4,..garden ..., . i.OHRAB THE 6 : 4'e k j et , for the hero c --• I N6 sf one o f those ; , 'w interior lift e • tti,bat it may oPPr rkie virtu e and hal) . 14 1. 4 of the heroic soy vie u tt ,*ed for this ima , A ; that in many Pic or i , :I the most phi fit thor lots had , . fst, l'a Prince of the Z:: I precisely suc, 111,14411, rhe motile] tit _ to dispel all th $4471t oovel that ha (\NPIP Review. 11114447.:2),244ur,e0alid,erhearei‘ at 444 so seriously ii Paper th at he is now 4°ll4:laet°PaPt4he from f 'tote:iv:ll's' eortonPernlePa t kel nn h 1 n g A ll 4t ecO" _re ri, thet-lipt was tunktoti lietkinghal eiltioti ,po ere4ted by tin .......2voh..!a shout 2(7., Ti,7l.4...arercury. fror n ti: lberty of officer. L poWer of tl the eo-rqs4e't bY leave it ev0,,,,1P °f cursi tor . .1 Cartira7 into White' it crook; NoOing into tsitioß fit4lo liell-yarc Inn 141,,;:a taat tide, a l ....rden aiptare, rune 4141,0M4b:ht4ce " re. ?°49,1 Zondo