The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-28 00:00:00

~,....... 'hands I room, w Mr. ,o suffer- repre tained , they ) said from iriek mem- by D him have was rmer Ligh. 111 ENTEY_BER, WE SUP AT EVANS' EVI:RY EVENING THIS WEEK aft:r Alfred Xenon's Promenade Concerts. cIEA.—VACkNCIES for MIDSHIPMEN grid ~11 3 P RENTICES in a first-elass London shipping fir n. Premium moderate. Al.o apprentices without premt tun. — Apply to SLMIONDS and Co.. 38, St. Mary-at-hill,,East cheap, RC. Third - officers and Stewards wanted. • DINBURGIT (Reduced Fares), from Irongate -11-:4 wharf, Tower.—Saloon, 20s ; fore cabin, 15s: deck: (soldiers and sailors only), 7s Ad ; return tipkets (available for a month), 30s and 21s ed. The cheapest and quickest sea route by the splendid new s &31STI EPS of the LONDON EDP IHRIGII SHIPPING COMPANY, sailing every ednesday and Saturday, at 10 morning. Apply at the bpread Eagle, Regent-circus ; or at Irongate-wharf. 7iORTH BRITISH AND MERCANTILE INSURANCE COMPANY. Established MO. Incorporated by Royal Charter and Special Acts of Parliament. .£2,1??,528 Accumulated and Invested Funds A nnual Revenue 422,101 FIRE DEPARTMENT. Tr silvan - es tvrantel both at Home and in Foreign Countries cu the most liberal terms. LIFE DEPAItriIIENT. P.vcry facility offered to Insurers. Ninety per Cent. of the Profits divided among the Insurers en the participating principle. The new Life business trausat:tcd in 1862 as follows: Policies. Anvitnt in=ured. Premiums. 1,037 £763,334 £23.611 0 0 Forms of Proposal and every information will be furnished en application at the Orricrs: lON DON SS, Threadneedle-street. 4, New Bank Buildings, Lothbury West-end Office.. S. Waterloo-Place, Pall-mall. THE ROYAL INSURANCE COMPANY. TIEA.D OrmeEs, 29, Lombard-street, London, and Royal Imurance buildings. Liverpoel. Total Annual - Eleventh, exceeds Voo,o Accumulated Funds in hand over 1,0.10,000. Chairmin in Liverpool: CITAIILE'S TURNER, Esq., M.P. Chairman in London WILLIAM WAINWRIGHT, Esq. EXTRACTS FROM TTIE REPORT FOR TIIE YEAR 1862. The Directors of the Royal Insurance Company are now . . called upon to make thetteicentleditd periodical Deport at the Meeting of its Shareholders. PIRE BRANCH. The Directors have. as pleasingly as unexpectedly, at the close of the year, to announce, for the first time, that the. Fire Premiums have not only reached, but exceed £.300,000. 'The high comparative position, held brthe-Royal in the Ciavernment Returns of Duty is again fully mikintaincd. The profit of the business of the year exceeds considerably the :amount: reahied in the preceding year, and in fact sur passes that of any year, with but two exceptions, sine.• the commencement of thi , . Office, the balance 'to the'eredit on account of British and Foreign I nsurancea being .£15,10/ Its. :Id., and of the. North American business, whichis kept sepa. rately, £11,097 115 s. 10d. • • The ver ~Tm , LIFE BRANCH. state the y su duty now falls upon. the Directors to attfassying• tired on n..w, policies for fhe year 1662 exceeds even that of the yesr 1861 by £lBO,OOO, and has arrived art the almost unexampled - amount for a single year of £701,127 on 1,498 new policies issued. Until within the last few years it is believed that such a sum arsured as that Which' has..just I:ieen announced as Hitt esult of one year's business was all but unheard of. • . This'portion of the Company's business has been carefully watched, and cannot fail to give much satisfaction to the shareholder, as well as no small encouragement for the future to the participating life assurer. Evidence of continued care in the selection of lives is amply afforded by a state treat of the number rejected. These have amounted to 311 for the year, on which the agtr,regate sum propos'ed for assuran , T mounts to X 241,281. Various degrees ot ineligibility have led to these lives being declined. No small number of the Assurance Companies of the day record'their accepted lives annually at a sum not much, if at all, exceeding those which the Royal has declared a - stale in a single year from deterioration ot some kind or another. If, to complete their review, the Directors now advert briefly to the United Kingdom, they have to announce that In Fire Business its progress has been undoubtedly more rapid than that of any other Company established either in London or elsewhere, except when amalgamations have taken place. The returns of daty have proved this. In Life, the amount of New Policies already reported make all other evidence needless. .The Directors conclude their present Report with' the expression of an opinion that the prospects of the _Royal Insuranca Company were never brighter, and of a consequent hope, rounded on a grateful remembrance of - the past, unit the future may untold for it a sphere of still greater ni auni eombining distinguished commercial success to the Office with a lengthened career of usefulness and protection to the public. . ' PERCY M. DOVT, lianager and Actuary. • JOHN B. JOHNSTON, Secretary. in London. • VORWICH UNION FIRE INSURANCE , SOCIETY. The business of Vie Company exceeds £70,000,000.: • The( duty paid .to Government for the year 1862 was £85;062,, and the amount insured on farthing stock, L 10,086,132: A bonus of three-fifths of the profits periodically made,to parties insuring, ; wit o have thus, from time to time, received sums amounting in the ar., , greT. , ,tite to £410,000 ; and the Society now holds a large llescrve applicabte to a future Bonus. The rates of premium. are in no case higher. than. those cliargdd by the' other principal offices making no returns to their insurers. • ••• • : For pro , pectuses apply at the Society's Offices, Surrey street; Norwich ; and 6, Crescent, New Bridge-street, Black friars, E.C. A.D. 1720. . IF) OYAL) EXCHANGE Ass,,lnt,.. 4 . N ,cy • coßrortAnoist (Eetabfished by Charter of his Majesty George the First) FOR SEA, FIRE, LIFE, AND ANNUITIES. Of f ices, Royal Exchange, London. Branch Office, 29, Pall-mall. OCTAVTITS WIGRAM, Esq., Governor. GEORGE PEARKES BARCLAY, Esq., Sub-Governor. Sir JOHN HENRY TELLY, Bart., Deputy-Governor. DIRECTORS. Henry Bainbridge, Esq. Wilmot Rolland, Esq. Earl of Leven and Melville. Robert Barclay, Esq. .lohn Garratt Cattlev, Esq. Chas. Jno. Manning, Esq. Mark Currie Close, Esq. Henry Nelson, Esq. William Davidson, Esq. The Hon. Josceline W. Percy. Thomas Dent, Esq. Charles Robinson, Esq i -, Alexander Drum, Esq. Samuel Leo Schuster, Fredk. Jos. Edlmann, Esq. Eric Carrington Smith, Esq. Riversdale W. Grenfell, Esq. William Soltau, Esq. l'obt. Amadeus Reath, Esq. Joseph Somas, Esq. M. P. Wm. Tetlow ilibbert, Esq.: William Wallace, isq. Jas. Stewart Rodgson, Esq. I Chas. Baring Young, Esq. Medical Referee, SAMUEL SOLLY, Esq., F.R.S. FIRE and LIFE ASSITRANCES may be effected with this Corp oration on adv a ntageous terms. In he tics Life Department, assurances are granted with par participation in Profits, or, a t l ower Premiums, without such Patton. Th le Reversionary Timms on British P ol i cies has averaged neay 2 pe r cent. per annum on the sum assured. Equivalent reductions have been made in the Premiums rayabl e by persons who preferred that form . of Bonus. The divisions 01 Profit take place every Five years. Any Bum not exceeding, X 15,000 may be hi - sured on one Life. This Corporation affords to the Assured— Liberal participation in Profits —with exemption from the liabilities of partnershi p. A rate of Bon th us e equal to th e average returns of Mutual Stock. Societies —with g u arantee of a large invested Capital The advantages of modern practice,—with the security of an Office whose resources have been tested by the ex perience of nearly a CENTURY AND A HALT. The Corporation have always allowed the Assured to serve in the Militia, Yeomanry, or Volunteer Corps within the United Kingdom, free of charge. ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON. ROBT. P. STEELE, Secretary. CONTRACT l'Olt PROVISIONS. Royal Hospital, Chelsea, 14th Wit. Aug., THE RIGHT HONOURABLE the LORDS and OTHERS, COMMISSIONERS of this HOS PITAL, d o h ere b y give NOTICE, That they are ready to receive TENDERS from and to treat with such persons as °111 3 7 be willing to Contract for victualling the in-pensioners o f the said Hospital, from the Ist October, 1863, to the 30th Nrpternbar, .3861, b o th days inclusive, with the followi ng ar ticles of provisions, & c., viz. :—Beet and Mutton, Bread, Cheese, Butter, Potatoes, Salt, Oatmeal, Barley or Rice, P epper, Flour, Suet, Cocoa, Black Tea, Su g ar, Milk, O n i ons or I, c•eks Carrots, Celery, Thyme, Marjoram, Winter Savory .old Parsley, daily, at per head per diem for the whole Patton according to the established allowances of the house, as ' , P e citied in the form of Tender, whi c h may be obtained a t th e office of the Secretary any day between the hours of 10 and 3 O 'clock, which 'fender must be filled up and delivered, sealed, O'clock, th, Board-room of the said Hospital by the party ,r Thirties tenderino*, or by an agent appointed on his or their 11,1talt, on Tuesday, the Ist of september, at 12 o'clock. at \N'-itch time their Lordships will be prepared to take the same Lto consideration. It is to he observed that the Contractors will be required n fl ml Security to the Crown for the due p er f orman e of the ntract, and that no Tender will be received aft er th e day and limir Lhove mentioned. pledge themselves to accept the T he Commi as i oncrB d o ne t lowes t Tender. A. J. MOORTIEAD, Secretary and Registrar. 1 - I, OP AL NATIONAL LIFE-BOAT INSTITUTION Charter). h. :. r. ,t e r ).. las., V.P. -,,.,„ (Incorporated..cric IttstlO ' ~,,, ' ,, l—ller Most Graciou. . r h b - f lstort um eland, '""Vice -Admiral the Enke o 9 Molest) , the Queen, CnAtit.A I) , E rb ru n l c ,r e : ta ti: tt : Th . os.. l :f .i n [y g l:l: l;7;q a. . l . AII44AN----Thomas Chapman, Esq. , APPEAL. the beginnin,r et • t f,''' 1 Lifeboat Institution h am ex e Year 1860, the Royal rational t Estab lishments on th e c P ,,, en a „ 4 ,.ed 4 3,000 on various Lifeboa The number ot Ma nalrement have to state that, since Society. tind other m y saved by the Life-boats of , _ for which services sn e : lB, ,since its formation, Is 11 -B ,: t i tir-riand, Scotland, and Treland th . e 12,twu! ;4:16, , 150 in cash have ‘ _ - itolt i , Nt,:,..,_. e, "al 718 Silver Medals, and tlon has also expeode`r4paid in rewards. The Institu7 Transporting -cart isz, s , ."`, i r n , " 39 on Lite-boats, The Committee desire tot --"I"-h°11.8es• the generous sapport which x y r ess their grateful sense of Pritish public during thep4 l l , ey have received from the has enabled them to establish th2 T Life-boat Years, a support which r present ma.gnificent fleet cr: 123 Lifeboats on the shortehsr, j.,,,the United K,cr . doin Deeply sensib'e, however, of r'•s•s on them to maintain their fleet:, i a .. t . res ponsibility that state, and its Crews practised i n the 17,Lhoroug,,hly eilleieut ma , ,,,, wilph car only be effected by a la; uarzei n:n oN t vi e n t: c h o e n ir .. annual income, they earnestly app en i te '^,:' ll acnid pe,rnanent per a r ß e s t es of . their acknowledge the 1 i:ountrymen to sio them a in work. t r i p k h . o lti i g and. uating so 11 ci.ahteacnodmtentiiiltytenett6,triroanteli uhy tributions:— ITer Majesty the Queen .. .. .. a a C , ropbell, the Hon. Mc s. G. • • .. .. 11n 'ut a l So e • 1 il , A , k, Colonel, 8.A.. • • • • • • .. a. o n n u ti 1 5 0 0 (T:orltts and essrs., Bankers .. al 1 1 Cnr . , Co., *". • • anne a l if . ) 0 1 . rie, Wm. 14.5 q., • • • • -• ••4 It (1011.10 ° 0 ) , r le. lord C'hiet .Instice • • • • • • don. 1 , ° 0 t‘alisawe, Vice-Admiral tuftSA., K.C.B. .. .2th ion. ~, 10 0 I „‘, %•l ek, G. ,1., Esq , cost Littboat and ir raii . - o 0 il;', )l. tiuzCarriii...... - e . • • • • '' • ' • • 2 50 0 c 14,4 ( 'Y, Y. G. G. and Mrs. .. .. don. a 0 A1,, 0 ,2 1 , liir Ilenr , Bart. .. .. .. 7th don. 10 0 0 4, •", ke .• ' Ir;11 1 ,1 1 ', 14,. -° ' ( r• 13- • • • • .. .. don. 15 15 0 '_: j,",,"0a• 1 - -', B . Georpr, Greenwich .• • • .. 30 0 2 0 0 '2 0, i;, - L ' °l ,.• Str Antrronv, 1i.C.13. .. .. animal W -;-,oarli t ,'l', 'Weston- super-31are, collected by her ..., hb , .. 16 la 0 .. • • • • I: " ) liatk,4 4 'tre .7 sb-,,-, Lord . . • • • • • annual 5 0 0 I " ' ved 13 Y ti all d Ann! • 1 ';ubscriptions will be thankfully re 'rcival, 'e l I...• ' ' ' tuition Messrs. Willis 11: (; s(b „ and Co'au ,el . s of the 10,S 1 , • ~ ttu , `.:111" .' . rand ;':, 7i - ', i.c,inbprd-,troot.; ...I essrs. (ou . and i I.tank,,,. st.• Lond ~ 'T'"'s-s- t r,,.c N fessrs. ilt.Tries, Farauliar. acid Co., 16, :•••t. ...! leh ., -3il th ell ; ti, the ' John -- ' Lewis ~e tnitcdEhigdom; and by the i) -- " - btrect, 4 . &, 4 'eq., at the Office of the luiltitution, 11. `'Dili, I.,nrioa, W.C. -. '.. , ~:j 3 ~ t F r, ,~ ,_ N°. 22,205. fLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE for SEPTEMBER, 1863. No. DLXXV. Price 2s. 6d. CONTENTS. Caxtoniana.—Part XIX. Igo. 24.-011 ,auv , Authors in whose Wri Inv Know leuge of the World is eminently displayed. The Spectre of Milaggio. Jean T'aul Richter. Chronicles cf Carlingford: The Perpetual Curate.—Part IV. On Hearing Week day Service at Westminster Abbey. The Pyramids—Who Built them ? - and \Vhea The Battle of Gettysburg and the Campaign in Pennsyl vania.—Extract from the D ary of an English Officer pre sent with the Confederate Army. William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London. fOLBUTINS NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE. Edited by W. HARRISON AINSWORTH, Esq. Contents for SEPTEMBER. No. I. Central Australia. 11. Tl;e Shadow of Ashlvdyat. By the Author of " East Lynne." Part XXIV. 111. Ilomo'Hominuin Premon. By M. C. Houstoun, IV. John Loa, CarLret (Earl Granville;, By Sir Natha niel. V. lVasliinaton Lying. A Third Volume. VI. Strathmore; or, Wrought by his Own Hand. By the Author of "Granville de Vigne." Part 111. VII. Twice Sacrificed. By Mrs. Rushby. Part I. VIII. We Spake of Merry Days. By nederick Enoch. IX. Tiberius vs Man and Emperor. X. A Parisian Tourist. XI. The Kingdom of Siam. Chapman and Hall, 190, Piccadilly. B NTLF, 'V ' S MISCELLANY. The SEPTEMBER NUMBER contains CARDINAL POLE. OR, THE DAYS OF PHILIP AND MARY. An Historical Romance. By WILLIAM HARRISON AINSWORTII. Book VL—TILE LEWES MARTYR. -Chaps. I. to VI. 11. Six Weeks at linnsdon VII. Ghost Stories. Manor. Part 11. • VIII. Captain Kettle and the 111. At ;the Tower Window Insurance Agent. By with SirWalterßaleigh. W. Brodie. - By Francis Jacox..• IX. Sir John Hawkwo7:ll. IV. Gibsbu's miscellanies. X. French Wet - Nurses. V. Count Wala the First Byl4` , eder!ckM•irshall. Prisoner of Chilkn. XI. The Notary's Nose. VI. After the Battle. London : Chapman a: Ld Hall, 193, Piccadilly. ORITIQUES on the LEADERS of the "kJNEWSPA PER PRESS—Reviews of all New Books— English and Foreign Scientifi3 In formation—Extracts— Gossip, &c., &e., in the LITERARY TIMES, every week. Twopence. • 80, Fleet-street. T" oxF oRD, 13 , OXFORD STREET, W. THIS EVENING, will be performed Operatic Selections from Sir Henry R. Bishop's THE SLAVE and Halevy's MUSKETEERS (first time in England). Principal Artistes—Miss Russell, Miss Ell'son, Messrs. Green, Bernardi, Huish, &c., with full band and chorus. Conductor, Mr. F. Jonglimans. Flute Solos by Drew Dean. &c. Comic, by UNSWORTH ("or any other man "), Eugene, W. Randall, A. Lloyd, and George Hodson. Also; a Pei formance by Herr SCHALICENBACH on his wonderful instilment, the PIANO ORCHEsTRE, contain ing a full ba.id of 40 instruments. '1 he HALL his just been newly Decorated and Ventilated, and is one of the most Beautiful in the Metropolis. Open at 8 o'clock. Admission, Ed. ; stalls and balcony, ls. ; private boxes, I Os. Gd. CANTERBURY HALL " GHOST." —In order NJ to gratify the curiosity of nightly-increasing crowds, Mr. C. MORTON has transferred the representation of Pro fessor Pspper snd Henry Dirks, Esq.'s, world-famed spectral Illusion, " THE GHOST," from the Picture Gallery to the Concert Hall, where a new and elegant stage is erected, affording a more ample view of the Illusion from Stalls, Bal c;rl.4ilavnescitebrl cgfivtehe(wHiatlhl. al T l ie th h4s ,e a n ls t o li.m ar l r n ali s ge la d te f s io im m r : w• r w ie e . , , r TN T aaijdreneffoe,ectlso)c, REPRESENTATIONS k. All the other Musical and Pictorial attractions as usual, including Operatic Selections, &c. ; Ur sworth (the modern Demosthenes), Eugene, Arthur Lloyd, George Hodson, OYAL ALHAMBRA PALACE. The ▪ FAIRY F OUNTAIN..—A Grand Divertissement by , Signora Rach ',ele and Mariann' a and Signor Guisepne Fran ce co, P.ests ted b y a corns of Twenty young Ladies—The - onracls as the Orit.,,inal French Clowns and on the Cor de Rastique—Les P e ti ts ' Monstres—Brian an , l C on ly in an amusing. and novel Burl esque -M rs . B r i an as old Aunt Sally, • 4:c.—Wood and . his Wonderful Son—Grand Operatic Selections :—Prhicip,, s 'Gregor, 3lr. Albert , Signor N ernon r Georgini (the new It a li an t enor ) , an d M r . Band and Chorus o f sixty Performers. r ' I/INTENSE 'SUCCESS. of tho ALHAMBRA GHOST, a highly comical and amosimr, ',presentation of the popular opt:cal illusion.—EVEUY E%ENING, at Eleven o'clock. ESTABLISHED 1833. OWDEN'S ../E RATED GINGER BEER, in glass or stone bottles, warran ted to keep good twelve months. Lemonade, Soda-water , votass, Se , tzer, and every description of Mineral Waters.—Manutactory, No. 3, White Hart-street, Drury-lane, W.C. TO ENGINEERS, ARCHITECTS, AND CONTR.ACTORS IN THE EASTERN, SOUTH-EASTERN, AND SOUTH-WESTERN COUNTIES. _ _ GREAVF,S' BLUE LIAS LIME, 14, SOUTH PAIDDINGTON, W., _ L. M. TATHAM, Agent. Arrangements are now made by which this well-known BLUE LIAS tIME can be sent direct from the kilns in Warwickshire, in Greaves and Kirsha.w's own trucks, to any stations on the above-named lines, as fresh as though burnt upon the spot, and at a lower price. ANY Q JANTITY, of either lump or ground can i'e sup plied at a few days' notice, and trucks forwarded daily from the kilns and mill. Cuniractors will find this worth their notice, as they can be supplied at any time, in quantities to ouit their require ments, from SIX TONS and upwards. PAGE'S BRICK, TILE, AND PIPE MACHINE . 4, for hand, horse, or steam rower, are the most simple end efficiant extant.--Ful. particulars and prices obtained of the makers, E. Page and Co , Laurence Pountney place, Laurence Pountney-hill, Cannon-street, E.C., where they may ue seen in operation daily. TEA.—MOORE BROTHERS respectfully inti mate that their New Prospectus is now ready. They especially recommend their improved Family Tea, reduced to 3s. 2d. ; Sonehong, reduced to 3s. Cd. ; mixed Assam, re duced to 35. Bd. ; and the finest Assam, reduced from 48 . 4d. to 3s. 11 d. per lb. MOORE BROTHERS, 35, London-bridge, City, E.C. 39, Albemarle- I F.. R DEIANFITNISEIBSLSE.--=E SOUND CONDUCTOR, IA a G N newlyl[F vonted instrument for severe rases of deafness. It fits into the ear, not perceptib'e, removes singing - noises in the head, and enables deaf persons to hear distinctly at church and at public assemblies. —S• and B. SOLOMOM, street, Piccadilly. t y h 0 :t /CONEY PROMPTLY AD V ANCED _ITN P r i va te Gentleman upo n FURNITURE removal`. Leasehold and Freehold Property, or Reversion s &e., in sums from £2O to V[JO.-31r. Howard, 38, Queen.: street, Cheapside. Tof MONEY (in Tow n O Persons in WANT or Country).—A. GENT LEXIAN is willing to MARE A DvANcEs of CAS t I, without delay, to respectable person= (male or tem ale), on their own security. The utmost secrecy can be relied on.--Apply (it by letter en Oose four stam ps) to •V•, t Mr. Robertson's, Accoun tant, 10. King William-street, London-bridge, E.C.—Money advanced on Dock Warrants. AN EVE It FAIL ING REMED Y.- Dr. SCOW'S BILIOUS and LIVER i'ILLS, pre ,a; ed without, any mercurial ingredien t ' from the recipe of Dr. Scott, of Bromley, Kent, will be found invaluable to all who costiveness, as a family , utter from bilious dud liver complaints, indigestion, wind, 4 Pasnis, giddiness, dizziness of the eyes, dm. For habitual London, and of the blood, they truly excellent; mild in their opera tionaperient medicine, and as a purifier _ are and grateful to the stomach, they create appetite, pro mote digestion, and strengthen the whole nervous system. f , ohl by W. Lambert, 8, King William-street, Charing-cross. green package, with times the • most ' - 2s. ' 9d. Be sur. to ask for Dr. by druggists, in boxes,ls. lid., and three quantity in one, Seott's bilious and Liver Pills. The genuine are a square stamp " William Lambert," engraved on the —__ N. C. tiamilton Stratford-upon- Avon. the BIRTH of SITAKSPE ARE, at which Sir Avon. The Tercentenary Committee (of PELEBRATION of the TERCENTENARY of to the ing SIJI3SCRIPTIONs, and they may also be paid bridge account of the Tercentenary Committee, at the Stour and Kidderminster or War • kand Leamington Banks, Warwick Stratford-upon-Avon; ' Messrs. Grcenway, Smith, and ' B art K.C.8.. is Chairman) are now receiv- Messrs. Greenway, Warwick ; or their London aaents , Smith, Payne, and co , Messrs Hanburys and Co., or Messrs. Glyn and Co , bankers, London. The Tercentenary Committee, in submitting, the subscrip tion list to the nation, most earnestly appeal to the admirers of Shakspeare for their aid and assistance. The Committee rest their claims upon the grounl that Stratford is not only the birthplace of Shakspeare. but the centre of attraction to all admirers of the great Poet's works, and that it was his ht'me, the town he Lived, and w h ere he lived and died. Rin tho immed i a te vicinity of t Ile G r:::::'11:11ulle-iniellitattoi-r-i' OYAL FREE HOSPITAL, Gras'- inn ro d Way Terminus, at li lug's-cross. l'atron—The QUEEN. President —The Duke of BUCCLI Treasurer —Edward Masterman, E sc i ; l[7G. PnneiP r lie l ient This was the first hospital to introduce the uires but the. and instant admission to the destitute siell.ra,,.:ye' mality of novernors' letters. It is entirely devoted t ' tution in its most pitiable form—lriZ., that which is'oiedr.esti pcnied by sickness and disease, and is now of sn'fr--9ftl rnazhitude that, with adequate support, it may be Capable of admi t thr . into its wards a very !.iii• casual sick of this ~.r,,:tt metropolis. D, req llool s in order to have :MO beds available for the reception of these the most wteleiled of our tellow-creatures. 2,.1,,,, 0ver, prop or . :l efrree o cle on the allords medical advice and medicine to more "" "le avera.re 11 • :1 OW out-patients a week. The iv "' " lan ' I,I A 4,N eekly 11 0 ,d feel it their imperative duty to make an continued support, to pnab e I APi.'l•;A I. to the public tor . dail y pre'steluietni to , d mit and relieve the di:lces:Aug cases that theinselveS. leas; Contributions are received by the Treasurer, Edwa r d Co. D i ri l ; ln, Esq., Nich-lane; also by 11l essrs. Coutts and c,,, ; Pros Grote, and Cos;__ Ilerries and Co. ; Ransom and 4 ett Co ; ,i'± t, Grote, and Co.; Smith, payne, and Co.; Glyn :!nd C o . ; ‘ ,' l l Ts Loyd and Co. ; Barclay ;:rul Co. ; Denison •,_,,. ; INnibet, a i i t i n ,, lB, Deacon, and Co. ; Overend, Gurney, and l/r.: l 4t qv ; H 0 0,... " ). ; Messrs. J. Banned and Co., Liverpool ,ettat _, STANFORD S. SNITIT, Secretary. ~~ c' ~~ ~~ 1- , ' - - A .... .......,' ''?" .• ,:4 • N I : ' ,; " “ . A N ; . . ..., J. , . ~ A •..; , ~.. .. ? 0.,4-4.•.:ie.,,, ,, ,.. ~,,.,., .: • . . ~ ~„, , , , .. (I.ln • 21r4 i , ~ ~, , i ~, ' . 1 , - "... , _cj . -Stit.- ‘) • I .4......." - ' kJ Mb .01t :a , ' • . c.; -0..... k . ' . .„` ~. '''''.... - - ••1,. ' .. I ... . * 7,. , ", ..,-.7...,t, : ••••• , ~ , ' • . •-•"' ,- - Ailitiftits: v . L, • ' ' '-, .. -._-',:?_-__._ .- _g ? .....,../ - .. • , ..i• • fri : 17.27 'k :.-% ' - . ''',..,, . i',; ',... .4. '; , R . .. i ' .• ,-, , . , , • i-. dir,. ""- ° •E' ' -4-- .1 ,' k ,-„ \, ,_ ... ~, ~',.f- . . • ..,-- JIPI ' 4 `a - ' : , , '''' ••/ 1 . 0 , I, 0 1 k 'DROIT "'' . a . / •4- „ ,.4, ,, .- ,;,, '''''' ~... ~ - - .....a,, c a '. '. '" DIE • ,14 :' ' : - ' , 1F 1 .L., a 1...t ~. ...p .. 14 THE. SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY' THE BRITISH ASSOCIATION. NEWCASTLE• UrON -TYNE, Aug, 27. It was natural that, i❑ a district like this, de pending so greatly on the alliance of science and industry, and in which there must necessarily be so many, from the nature of their puksuits, familiar with one branch or other of scientific knowledge, the British Association should have been welcomed with more than usual enthusiasm. The success, however, of the opening meeting last night, and the prospects of the week have far exceeded the most sanguine expectations. The only damper is the rain, which has set i❑ very persistently. The Coun cil at present does not appear to have secured Admiral Fitzroy's co-operation ; and, though philo sophers engaged in the enforcement of a favourite theory may be above atmospheric influences, it is not pleasant for the 900 lathes who have enrolled themselves as Associates for this occasion to have to trip from section to section through the heavy black rain, ankle deep in the coaldust and other strata of which Newcastle mud is compounded. The great room of the new Town-hall, most taste fully decorated for the occasion, was filled last night to overflowing with a brilliant audience, gathered together from all points of the two great mining and manufacturing counties of Northumberland and Durham. The address of the President was loudly applauded, and its eminently practical character seemed to arouse a deeper and more general inte rest than is often observable on such occasions. It has been distributed in the form of a pamphlet, and the general verdict is that it was worthy of the occasion and the place. His remarks on the supply of coal have created already a small sensation, and no doubt will be fully discussed in the proper sec tion. If there be any ground for his forebodings, it is to be hoped that before the meeting is over some practical measures will be suggested for pre venting the waste and staving off the future defi ciency to which he points. After being opened in the constitutional manner by a speech from the chair, the Parliament of Science applied itself this morning to the dis charge of business in the various sectiocs. As might be expected, the Chemical Science and the Geology Sections, in which there are papers to be read on the manufactures and mines of the district, were the most crowded. The rooms devoted to Geography and Economic Science were also well lled. In the Geographical Section an inaugural address was delivered by the President, Sir R. Murchison, in which he described in his usual com prehensive and interesting manner the progress of geographical science. After referring to the vast advances in the trade and commerce of Newcastle and d since great improvements in its out war d appear ance the last visit of the Association in 1835, and expressing his regret at the delay in the com pletion of the maps of the Ordnance Survey, Sir Roderick said,— 44 Let us now cast a rapid glance over the pro gress of discovery in distant lands, and particularly w h er e our countrymen have signalised themselves. In this wide field, wherein our knowledge has been e xtraordinarily increased within the last few years, I will limit my remarks to three or four regions; the more so as I have recently addressed the Royal Geographical Society at l arge on many collateral topics in a discourse which is now in circulation. Australia, scarcely known to the civilized world till after Cook's voyages (1770-75), has of late been so rapidly colonized by Britain, that before long she will be no mean rival to those vast regions of North America which were first occupied by subjects of the British Crown. At former meetings of this Association we have dwelt on the early discoveries of new lands in the interior of Australia, in which the names of Mitchell, Eyre, Stuart, Leichhardt, and others have been always mentioned with honour and respect. The later journeys of the brothers Augustus and Frank Gregory have earned for these good surveyors the highest honours of the Royal Geographical Society, for thf it extensive re searches and det erm i nat i ons of longitude and lati tude in northern, eastern, and western Australia. While more recentl y t h e bold expedition of Bur k e and "Wills cost these noble fellows their lives, the latest researches of their successors stand out as in deed moat singularly successful. M'Douall Stuart, after various previous triumphs, in one of which he reached the watershed of North Australia, has actually passed from Adelaide, in South Aus tralia, to Van Diemen Bay on the north coast, in latitude lo deg. S. Contemporaneously with this last expedition, M'Kinlay, proceeding also from Adelaide, reached the Gulf of Carpen taria, and thence travelled to the eastern shore ; and Landsborough, realising all the value of the dis coveries of Burke and Wills, and penetrating from the Gulf of Carpentaria, traversed the continent southward until he regained the noble colony of Victoria, in which the expedition was organised. As I have recently dwelt at some length on these bold adventurers in an anniversary address, refer ring also to some geographical determinations by Mr. Walker, of Queensland, I will now simply direct your attention to the huge map of Australia which hangs upon the wall, and on which all the routes of these explorers are laid down. The rapid rise of the different colonies in Australia is truly marvellous ; and, while we have successfully occu pied all the available ports and lands along the eastern, western sides of this great co s n t t e i r n n ent s , o w u e thn a e r r e, , and lrejoice to say, now beginning to extend our settlements to the north coast, the occupation of which I have advocated for many a year, on political as well as on commercial and colo nial grounds. A few years only of practical re searches have dispelled our ignorance respecting the interior of this vast mass of land, in which, though there are wild desert tracts, there are also many rich and well-watered oases of fine pasture-grounds, through which the colonist may open out communi cations across the continent from the south and cast to the northern shores. A short time only, I ven ture to predict, will elapse before towns arise at the head of the Gulf of Carpentaria, as well as at the mouth of the Victoria River of the north, whence, as well as from the new settlement of Cape York, Australians will have a direct communication with our great Indian empire. In speaking cf the pro gress of these remarkable colonies, it may be con sidered invidious to seem to select any one for espe cial notice, where all of them have such high claims to our notice. I may, however, in passing men tion the last-formed of these wonderful separate Governments —that of Qaecusland, possessing a surface six times gr e ater than that of the ' United Kingdom, a n d' the very grazing grounds of which (according to its accomplished Go vernor, Sir G. B owen ) arc about tw i ce a s large as the British Isles,—t o say noth i ng o f large tracts peculiarly adapted to th e growt h o f co tton. The progress which our ente r p r i s i ng Austr i an c olonists have made not only in we a lth an d mater i a l pros perity, bat in all that can dig n ify a p eo ple, was strikingly manifestea at the last Great luternational Exhibition. In it we caw collocated not merely the rich natural products of gold and copper, with admirable pictorial views which even enabled us to imagine that we had visited the mines of our anti podes, but we also had before us solid proofs, in the publication of excellent maps and the catalogues of the valuable libraries of Sydney and Melbourne, that there is scarcely any branch of knowledge or of industry which is not cultivated in Australia with a zeal rivalling that of the mother country. Re lying on the conversations which it was my pri vilege to hold with the distinguished men who re presented the several Australian colonies on that occasion, as well as with many personal friends who have long resided there, I feel aseured that there is no part of the British dominions where the people aro more attached to the Sovereign and the British Constitution than Australia. It has always, there fore, been a source of pain to me when some per sons have spoken or written of the coining of the 4 , day when the great coleeies are to be eeperated EVENING, AUGUST 28, 1863. trom us. Seeing no cause for such separation, ar believing that our Government and Legislature are much too enlightened to commit the error into which our ancestors fell when Britain lost her North American settlements, we are, I rest satisfied, never likely to estrange our Australian colonist by similar treatment. It has been well said by a late Govet nor of South Australia that the loyalty of Australia is an homage to the enlightened rule of Engler d, of which her statesmen may be proud. On my own part, I am indeed persuaded that if judiciously and considerately treated, Australia, which affords by far the finest possible field for the emigration of our superabundant population, will long continue to be a source of wealth and strength to the mother country, and will, I trust, fur ages hold out a proof that the people which lives under a constitutional monarchy enjoys muele truer freedom in its best sense than those which have formed part of any democracy, ancient or modern. And now let me say a few words on the last grand geographical feat—the discovery of the sources of the Nile. The first act in this portentous operation was the discovery, by Captain Speke alone (when he left his leader, Captain Burton), of the large African lake which, in the year 1858, he named the Victoria Nyanza. Iu his late expedition, when ac companied by Capt. Grant, he has proved (as he said he would before he started) that this great bed of fresh water is the main source of the White Nile, and in this exploit we hare one of the greatest geo graphical triumphs of all history. For age after age had rolled on—traveller after traveller, from the days of the Egyptian priests and of the Roman Emperors, down to modern periods, had endea voured to ascend the Nile to its sources, and all hod failed ! By reversing the line of research followed by all former travellers, and by proceeding from the cast coast of Africa, near Zanzibar, to the central, lofty, and flat plateau-land forming in that meri dian the watershed between North and South Africa, these gallant Indian captains reached the true reservoir from whence the Nile flows. Thence they traced the mighty stream northwards into Egypt, and demonstrated that while the White Nile, which they followed, is the Great Nile, the so-called Blue River, joining the parent stream at Khartum on the frontiers of Egypt, is, like the Atbara and other waters, a mere tributary. As the outlines of the long walk of Speke and Grant across those vast interior and equitorial regions of Africa have been given to the public, first in my address to the Royal Geographical Society, and subse quently in various periodicals, it would be out of place to say more on the subject until their own full account, which they are preparing with many illustrative sketches, shall have been published. In the mean time it is gratifying to know that our gra cious Queen has shown by her own kind expressions how truly she is proud that two of her own gallant officers should have sncceeded in performing what the people of many a European nation have failed to accomplish. We may .therefore be sure that the British people will rejoice with all geographers, if the travellers should receive due honours and re wards for such glorious services. Among foreign Sovereigns the King of Italy has taken the lead in the desire to commemorate the great event, by or dering two gold medals to be struck on the occa sion. The first, which immediately after its com pletion was presented to the leader on the Royal Geographical Society's anniversary, had on its re verse the words, so well known to Englishmen as the motto of Nelson, " Honor a Nilo." The second, which the Italian Minister, the Marquis d'Azsglio, since put into my hands, and which has been de livered by me to Capt. Grant, has on it those preg nant words, "Al Capitano Grant, divine col Capitano Speke gloria e pericoli." Thus do these medale re mind us that, through the enterprise of her sans, England has won glory through many a danger at the sources, as at the mouth of the Nile. Among the geographical communications which have been already sent in to be read at this meeting, and of which I have any acquaintance, I will now allude to four only. Referring still to Africa, we hope to be favoured by Dr. Barth with a translation from the German of the ascent of the lofty snow-clad mountain of Kilimandjaro, in tropical Eistern Africa, as carried out by that energetic Hanoverian traveller, Baron C. von der Decken. In relation to China, you will, I doubt not, be much gratified with the memoir of Mr. R. Swinhoe, a practised Chinese scholar, and formerly a British vice-consul, on the large, but little known, island of Formosa, and the numerous islets between it and the main land. While the publications of the last few years, including the "Narrative of the North China Cam paign of 1860," by Mr. Swinhoe himself, have ren dered us well acquainted with large portions of the interior of China—and whilst Capt. Blakiston has laid down on a beautiful chart the course of that mighty stream the Yang-teze-Kiang to a distance of nearly 1,000 miles above the highest point previ ously reached by our countrymen—the great island of Formosa, off the eastern coast of the Chinese mainland, has remained comparatively unknown. Since the days when parts of its west coast were surveyed, the outline of those shores has, it appears, undergone a great change by the rapid increment of silt and sand washed down from the mountainous interior; so that a new survey is imperiously called for, to render some of the ports accessible to com merce. Near the north end of the island, indeed, the port of Tam Sui is not liable to these dangers, and is indicated by Mr. Swinhoe as being best suited for commercial dealings ; and this part of the coast was so well surveyed by Captain (now Admiral) Collin son, that his charts thereot may be entirely depended on. In short, now that Lord Elgin's Treaty of Pekin has thrown open to British enterprise all the ports of China, it is to be hoped that by the comple tion of accurate surveys of the south-western coast Of Foi mosa, its present unapproachable harbours will soon be frequented by British vessels. We learn from Mr. win hoe that these extensive lands are very rich in natural productions; and he will interest you much by a description of his personal adventures, and of the habits, costumes, and peculiarities of the Chinese occupants. The aborigines—a Malayan race—still Occupy all the mountainous districts, or eastern side of the island, and live among the great forests that yield so much camphor. The subject of Formosa is so novel that this communication willprove very attrac tive ; while you will, I doubt not, be struck by the coloured drawings which the author has made of the Chinese inhabitants of this great island, and after whom, particularly the women, the Portuguese may well be supposed to have named it "Formosa." If, as I have been led to believe, my accomplished friend Sir Harry Parkes should join our Section on this occasion, it is certain that he will give us a lively and accurate description of the Chinese people, as well as a solid and trustworthy account of our poli- I Heal and commercial relations both with China and Japan. Turning to Central America, you will have a very interesting memoir by Mr. Osbert Salvin on the physical geography of Guatemala, in which the author will particularly notice the geo graphical distribution of the various zoological pro ductions of that country. Ile will also give us accounts of its virgin forests, volcanoes, and lakes, as well as of the Indian remains and buildings which ho has traced in it. Another Americau subject to be brought before us will doubtless bring to our halls many persons interested in the triumph of mechanical k kill when practically applied to the overcoming ofgreat difficulties presented by physico geographical features. M r . Wm. wheelwright has eomettenced the execution of a most important en gineeriut work, called the Great Central Argentine Railroad, to which be formerly called the attention of the Royal Geographical Society, which is des tined to connect the great port of Buenos Ayres, on the Atlantic, with the city of Copiapo and the port of Caldera, on the Pacific. Sterling from the town of Itesaria, on the right bank of the great navige eble waters of the Parana, about 250 miles above the city oo3uenos Ayres, the fleet section traversed is to the importent city of Cordova, distant 247 miles , and situated at an elevation of 1,240 fact above the r'ver ; thence by a circuitous line through the pro vinces of Santiago, Tucuman, Catamarca, and Rioga. Passing up a fertile valley, and along the celebrated mountains of Famatina, it is to reach Fiatnbala, at the foot of the Cordilleras, at a height of 5,161 feet above the Pacific at Caldera. From that point the road will ascend the eastern side of the Andes with practicable gradients, until it reaches the culmina ting point, in a depression of those mount ains,at an elevation of 16,023 ft. abbve the Pacific Oscan at Caldera, and in a distance of 133 miles, or at abcut 80ft, per mile. From this pass cf San Francisco it will dcseend the western side of the mountain through the valley of Paipote, and reach the city of Copiapo, 1,300 ft. above the ccean ; and thence continue to Caldera, one of the finest ports in the Pacific, after a descent of 246 miles from the cul minating point of the road in the Andes. Mr. Wheelwright does not apprehend any insuperable difficulty in traversing this immense elevation, which he thinks can be accomplished with locomotive power, excepting one in clined plane of five or six miles. Mr. Wheel wright has already had a railroad canstructed from the valley of Copiapo to the mineral district of Charmacillo, on which the trains run 12 miles an hour, ascending 1,930 feet in 9 miles. At the last Manchester meeting, we interchanged questions and answers with the philosophers of S. Peters burg during an evening assembly—and since then great advances have been made in transmittibg telegrams round the world. In this way a vast stride will be made in the ensuing winter by the extension of the telegraph from Constantinople through Asia Minor—and thence via the Persian Gulf to the country of Mekran, at the head of the Indian Ocean, and so to the British possessions in India. At the same time their efforts are in pro gress to carry a system of telegraphs from Russia through Siberia, and thence even across the Desert of Gobi to Pekin. The great desideratum, however, co: connecting Europe with America, by a subma rine telegraph remains to be accomplished. With a view to that desirable end, the Council of the Royal Geographical Society warmly supported a proposal by Dr. \Vallich to effect a complete survey of the sea bottom as a precursor to the actual lay ing down of a cable upon the vast unknown • irregu larities of the submarine surface. We naturally supported an effort like this, which was certai n to throw much light on natural history and physical geography- 7 and we rejoiced in the preliminary re searches which have been made towards the esta blishment of an electric line overland to British India; because, they, for the first time, laid open to European knowledge countries which, though un known to the moderns, were seats of war when Alexander the Great and his lieutenants invaded India. The soundings which ascertain the nature of the bottom of the ocean, not only give us the outlines and characters of various sunken rocks, sands, and mud-banks, and of vast and deep cavi ties, but inform us where undercurrents prevail, and where at vast depths the surface is tranquil and unruffled in some places, while in others sub marine volcanoes disturb the sea bottom. Nay, more, these submarine operations have taught us that animals can not only live, but flourish, pre serving even their colours at the enormous depth of one mile and a half. We thus see how the efforts of the nautical surveyors and the engineers to spread the electric telegraph are not merely destined to be useful to mankind, but also to elicit great and important truths in natural history, the development of which is specially connected with the pursuits of the geographer and the ethnologist. In adverting to the consideration of the other science which this section embraces it gives me pleasure to be able to report that our sister society, the Ethnological, is in a prosperous and satisfactory state, having within the last three years greatly increased the number of its members, and improved its financial condition. This satisfactory result is in great measure due to the vigorous exertions and numerous contributions of my eminent friend, its last president, Mr. John Craufurd, whom I am happy to she among us at this meeting. Under his auspices and in the past season the society held no fewer than 15 different meetings, at which 25 papers were read and amply discussed. They embraced such topics as the following :—The human remains found at Wroxeter, in the ruins of the Roman city of Uriconium ; the African cannibal tribe of the Fans; language as a test of the races of man; the aborigines of Australia ; on certain wild tribes in Southern India; on the commixture of the races of man in its influence on the progress of civilisation; on certain ancient relics from the coast of the State of Ecuador; the native tribes of the British Pro vince of Burmah ; on the Jews of Aden ; on the psychological differences which exist between the different races of man ; on the history of the gipsies ; on the ethnology of the Island of Formosa; on the wild tribes called Yadis in the district of Chingle put, Madras ; on the brain and skull in the various families of man ; on the antiquity of man ; on the native inhabitants of Vancouver Island ; on the wild tribes in the interior of the Malay Peninsula; on the institution and origin of the Hindu castes; on the languages and races usually called Celtic; on the ethnology of the African nations and 'tribes visited by Captains Speke and Grant, from the island of Zanzibar to the source of the Nile; and on the pre paration of figures of typical forms of human crania. Among the papers which aro to be corn muicated to the ethnological branch of our section, the following may be named :—" On the History and Migrations of the Tamil Nations of India," as communicated in person by that very accomplished Cingalese gentleman, Mutu Coomaroo Swamy, a member of the Legislative Council of Ceylon, end now, I am happy to say, a barrister of Lincoln's inn. Mr. Joseph Craufurd will give us one memoir " On the Domesticated Animals, and their Influence on the Progress of Civilisation, and another " On the Origin and Antiquity of Man," both of which will attract many listeners. If time permits, the same indefatigable ethnologist will also give us his analysis of the so-called Celtic languages and reeve, and a paper " On the Commixture of Races of Men in Central and Eastern Asia." A memoir "On the Tribes and Nations inhabiting the British Province of Burmab," Lieut.-Col. Phayre, her Majesty's Com inissioraer in that region, promises to be of great in terest. As the Ethnological Society of London has had the good fortune to see the place vacated by the retirement of Mr. Craufurd filled up by the ap pointment of EO skilful and philosophic a naturalist as John Lubbock and as Mr. Francis Galton, the president of this section at the last meeting of the Association, has kindly consented to act as the Ethnological Secretary, we may reasonably calculate on receiving much sound support from men like these, who can so well connect the sciences which we cultivate with many other branches of human knowledge." This evening, when the business papers of the day have all been got through, there is to be a great soiree and COl2VerB(lZiOne iu thcExchange news rooms. Both for its size and its internal architec ture this fine meeting-place would do credit to any part of the metropolis; in truth, the metropolis has nothing of the kind like it. Built in the form of a largo semicircle, and lit from above, with its tine roof, supported on a series of handsome columns, it is one of the largest, and certainly one of the finest, interiors to be found in any building in Newcastle. Hero has been gathered together a sort of local exhibition, model specimens of mining and steam machinery, fossils from the coals and limestone, and magnificent samples of lead and iron ores, and works if art manufacture in aluminium, the ehyrnical pro cesses necessary for the reduction of which a re car ried works of it on almost ens most popular i entirely in thist own, and chiefly at the mayor, Mr. Bell, who exhibited so largely at South Kensington last year. In such a rich mineral district it is almost un necessary to sav that the selected specimens of ores are wonderfully fine, worthy ct a piece in any na- 2d. TAJIIPED ....sd. tional collectio n . One single ingot of silver is shown rough as it came f rom the mould, which weighs 371 cwt., and i s wort h Upwards of £8 000. This splendid was all recovered by the late ' Mr. Pattinsoa's desilvering process, applied t o the common pigs of Spanish lead as i mported into this country. During the excursion t o M r. Beaumont's gre a t I c d mines at Allenheads this simple process of desitver ing the iced to its last grain will be shown to the visitors. Sir William shows a beautiftil series o; sections of his percussion and time shells, with a section of one gigantic 600-pounder shell, a number of which have recently been manufactured at Els wick for the approaching trials with the groat 600- pounder at Shoeburyness. The Mayor shows some splendid specimens of works of art in aluminium, and these, with a variety of fine models of various apparatus used in the different mines and manufac tories of the district, make this portion of the exhi bition exceedingly intzrosting to the many visitors now drawn from all parts to this town. There is ono small wrought-iron model of what the pump ing beam to mines should be if coalowners wish to guard against a repetition of the tremendous Hart ley catastrophe. That terrible pit is now disused and drowned in water, but there are other single shafted pits in the neighbourhood over which the great cast-iron pumping beams still swing slowly and are ominously suggestive of other similar calamities if cast iron is used for this purpose. In addition to these objects, a collection of paintings, lent for the occasion, also adorns the walls of the Excbange-rooms. These works are by no means of a local character, but, on the ' contrary, include some of the masterpieces of Turner, Louis Gallait, Gaiasborough, De Wint, Hunt, Millais, Faed, Etty, Patrick Nasmyth, Ward, Copley Fielding, Goodall, &c., with a small but fine collection of water colours. All these, as we have said, are lent by the gentlemen of New castle, for in this town, as in Manchester and Bir mingham, art finds its most liberal . patrons in the possessors of the great wealth which is here won as freely from collieries and iron mines as from mules and spindles. A great many special visitors have already in spected the foremost among the sights of Newcastle, the magnificent series of workshops and factories, which compose Sir Wm. Armstrong's ordnance works at Elswick. To speak of this series of facto ries—the casting, welding, fitting, rifling, and shell making departments—as the property of on© pri vate individual seems almost ridiculous, for the magnitude and extent of these buildings, their im mense development, and perfect organisation make them rather resemble a great national arsenal than a mere commercial adventure of a few individuals. Some of the boring and rifling tools used here are the largest and most perfect specimens of their kind ever made—they may, in fact, be said to be almost automatic in the power and intelligence with which they perform their task when once they are set in motion. Everywhere throughout the long series of factories is on the same perfect and exten sive scale, and some idea of the extent of the concern may be gained from the fact that the new plant alone has cost upwards of £200,000, and that recently, when in full work in gen making, 3,700 skilled artisans were employed there. At present the shell shops are almost empty, and nine out of ten of the long rows of machines are standing. The Govern ment having completed their full complement of field guns from Sir William's factory, have for the present stopped the manufacture of the large breech loaders, such as the 70 and 100-pounders, until such time as Mr. Whit worth will consent to submit his guns to the long-talked-of competitive trial against Sir William's—a competitive trial which is appa rently as far off now as when it was first determined on 12 months ago. In the meantime Elswick re mains idle and useless to the country, for whose benefit alone will Sir William let it work, for we believe there is not a single Government in Europe that has not applied either directly or indi rectly for guns to Sir William Armstrong, but always applied in vain. A number of the new guns which Sir William has just completed are now show' at Elswick, in which the difficulties of the breech piece are, it is believed, entirely overcome. This is a side-loader, in which the breach is composed of massive wedges, working in grooves, which prevent their getting out of place or order, and in which, from the solidity of the wedge-pieces themselves, no crack or yielding is likely to occur. An exceed ingly simple but most ingenious piece of mechanism connected with the touch-hole prevents the piece being fired till the breech is closed, and on the whole this side-loader seems to combine all the ad vantages and none of the failings of the old 100- pounder. Its trial on board the Excellent has only rendered certain slight modifications neces sary, and the general opinion of artillerists leans strongly in favour of this new gun, which will soon be used in exper:ments at Shoeburyness. As a mat ter of course all parts of the factory at Elswick abound in beautiful examples of hydraulic ma chinery, by means of which all the heavy work of lifting and moving large masses about is performed through the agency of a boy who starts or stops the hydraulic cranes. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS, BEFORE ENTERING INTO ARTICLES OF CLERKSHIP TO Attorneys and Solicitors. - -- - Pursuant to the Judges' Orders, the Preliminary Exa minations in general knowledge will take place on the fol lowing days, viz., the 27th and 28th Oct., 1863, and the 9th and 10th Feb. 1864, and will comprise- - 1. Reading slow' a passage from some English author. 2. Writing from dictation. 3. English Grammar. . 4. Writing a short English composition. competent knowledg e o f th e fi rs t f our 5. Arithmetic — A. rules, s i m ple and compound. 6. Geography of Europe and of the British Isles. 7. Histor y...... Questions of Englis History. Latin —Elementary Knowledg e 8. L of Latin. 9. 1. Latin. 2. Greek. Modern and Ancient. 3 . French. 4. German. 5. Spanish. 6. Italian. The special examiners have selected the following books, in which candidates will be examined in the subjects num bered 9 at the examinations in October 1863, and nbruary 1364 : OCTOBER EXAMINATION. In Latin—Cicero, De Officiis, books 1. and ii.; and Horace., Odes, book iii. In Greek—Homer, Iliad, book i. In Modern Greek.—BexXael" Irept 'AS txrip , c i rcov xal lloeviov p ,„opacriLtvov a7r6 Ti l e IraXtxiv Ilcocrcrav 17- 30 ; or, Burarcig ei crrop l a 130X 1 " C7 ' In French—Guillaume, Gaizott Alfred le Grand, ou r Angleterre sous les Anglo-Saxons; or Jean _Racine, Phedre. In German -- JurVran von Orleans, or Ges chichte des 30-jahrigen Rriege, 1 volume. In S pa nish —Cervantes' Don Quixote, capit. xxx.—llV.; or, Fernandez de Moratin, El Si de las Nenas. In Italian—Manzonfs Promessi Sposi, cap. or, Torquato T4SSO'S La Gerusalemme, 6,7, 8, and 9 cantos. FEBRUARY EXAMINATION. In Latin—Sallust, Jugurtha ; and Virgil,2Eneid, book vi. In Greek—Xenophon, Memorabilia. In Modern Greek.,—BEXXaf i " re P 1 ' A 8 9011 1, "v xal Homo pteraybpcursuEvov cirO rr l y 'lraXixi)v rXwro-av, 1-12; or, BEvrorijr •Icropla nir sigxtov C. In French—P. Corneille, Cinna ; Ftlnelon, Teltimaque (Lea aventures de). Liv. i.—vii. In German—Schiller, Don Carlos: Ist and 2nd Act. 'Beck's William Lovel, books i.—iv. In Spanish—Ccrvantca' Don Quixote, capit. i.—xx.; or Dom liartzonbusch La Coja y el Encogido. In Italian —Manzon's Promessi Sposi, cap. i.—x.; or, Torquata Tasao's La Gerusalemme, first 4 cantos. With reference to the subjects numbered 9, each candi date will be examined in one language only, according to his selection. Candidates who select Latin will be examined in both the works above specified. In Modern Greek, French, German, Spanish, and Italian, candidates will have the choice of either of tha above-mentioned works. Candidates are required by the judges' orders to give one calendar month's notice to the Incorporated Law Society, as registrar of attorneys, of the language in which they propose to be examined, the place at which they wish to be examined, and also their age and place of educa tion. All notices and inquiries should bo addressed to the Secretary of the Incorporated Law Society, Chancery lane, Y.C. E. W. WILLIAMSON, Secretary. Law Society's Hall, Chancery-lane, Londop, August, 1.60. I . II . I PII_IMIII SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, ITiaiEs.—A short paragraph of Canadian newts which we published yesterday ought not to pass unnoticed in the present condition of American affairs. /t is said that the Federal Gaverntnenr, have erected a new fort at Reuse's Point, forty-fiv, t wiles from Montreal, with magazines capable o containing supplies for 100,000 mrn and accommo da,`,ion for a permanent garrison of 5,000 men. This is a position of great strategic importance, whiel the late Lord Ashburton unfortunately sere rendeeed to the United States during his mission in 18-12. It would eaahle the Americana to collect a fleet and a force on Lake Chaplain, so that they might surprise Montreal. That the Federals should be strengthening an important frontier stronghold need not of itself cause any alarm. Their new-found enthusiasm fn. war and all things connected with war would naturally lead them to pay more at tention than they used to the mere outsides and munitions of warfare. The Canadians have no reason to he alarmed by any such demonstrations at present. The two Governments haVe no imme diate cause of difference, and none is likely to arise except by the wilful aggression of the Federals ; but for the present they have fat too eaueh on their 4mb a r o oil on t e h a e e m y se fe lve li s with us. Still, there ihsatlto e certainly nations which makes s sit in e ev n i g tab b l e e t7' t - h ee a n t t t h h e et with Cana dians should v i ew me jealousy acts whi c h a t have any other tim e need excited is As this announcement, therefore, some likely to attract some attention and to. excitet comment in Canada, we are anxiousonsto point the o y ut etr t, e . 2., t at) Canadians the true le.sss draw from it. From the tone of feeling towards the Federal States which has been growing up in Canada during the progress of the Southern rebel lion, we have no fear that in the event of war the Canadians wcuid prove indifferent to our alliance. Oar Correspondent's letter from Niagara, which wo published on Monday, described the people as pos sessed by almost as intense a dislike to the Federal Government as actuates the Southern rebellion. They are just sufficiently near the Northern States to see exactly the character of the Washington Government. The Federal spies infest their hotels, the Federal refugees betake themselves to their borders, and every element of disaffection to the Federal Government finds a welcome and spreads its discontent on their soil. They appreciate the difference between an equal, just, and steady rule, and the wild, disorderly, and confused domination which is ruining their neighbours. We are not afraid, therefore, that the Canadians will wil lingly leave our empire, or that they have any other wish than to resist any possible attempt . on the part of the Federal Government to force them from us. All we are afraid of is lest they should take the wrong means, or only take the right means too late. The letter of Mr. M'Gee, for example, though prompted by the ominous move ments of the Washington Government, urges only the appointment of an English Priece to the Go vernment of Canada. Otherwise, in the day of need, he fears that England will give only a nominal assistance. Now wo wish to point out that any such suggestions as this are in a totally wrong direction. lithe Canadians are really afraid of the aggression of the Federals, and really anxious to avoid its consequences, they must pi-epare to de fend themselves. In former wars they always successfully repelled invasion. They are now stronger than ever. They have much more, to de fend, and they know batter than before what would be their fate if conquered. They might, as we have said, rely upon all the assistance we could give them. Our fleet could blockade the American ports. Our own power would be sufficient to distract the attention of the Federal forces. Oar trained and seasoned troops would form a steady nucleus for their militia or less disciplined regiments. They would have all the experience and skill of cur gene rals, and all the advantages which ready supplies of the best artillery and munitions of war could give them. Still, the real work of defence must be done by themselves. They must be prepared with asuffi dint army or trained militia to oppose any invad ing force of the Federala. The supply of men, the actual fighting on land, the real struggle of hand to-hand resistance to the invaders must be done by themselves. . POST.—The address of each successive President of the British Association is looked forward to not merely by persons actively engaged in scientific pursuits, but by others—and these the majority— who, having neither time ner opportunity for the perusal of widely-scattered documents and heavy tomes, still like to know, from year to year, what progress science has made. bie William Arm strong's remarks on British coal prospects, how. ever, refer to a future so little remote that even practical men interested only in what concerns the probable term of their own lives, may well pause and consider. It seems that at the end of 1861 the quantity of coal raised in the United Kingdom had reached the enormous total of eighty-six millions of tons, and that the average annual increase of the eight preceding years amounted to two and three-quarter millions. Start ing with these data, and assuming the same ratio of increase to be maintained, Sir William Armstrong addresses himself to the question, " How long will our coals last?" Assuming four thousand feet as the greatest depth at which it will be ever possible to carry on mining operations, and rejecting all seams of less than two feet thick, about eighty thousand millions of tons of coal are available in these isles, a supply equivalent, at the present rate of increased consumption, to only a period of two hundred and twelve years. This, in the history of nations, is but a short span—four generations sufficing to span it. Even on the assumption that we should pass from a condition of coal abundance to coal famine, it would be time that we were up and thinking of the future. The actuality, however, is even less favourable than this. Lang before the available stores of British coal are used up, the cost will be enhanced, inas much as, with the lapse of every year, coal will have been raised from a lower level. England will —as Sir William Armstrong remarked, and as we believe Mr. Sopwith remarked before him—cease to be productive of coal for exportation long before the final period of exhaustion shall have arrived. For many practical p urposes of life—especially domestic purposes —it is not with the general ex haustion of British coal that one is so much inte rested, as with the special exhaustion of north country coal-fields. So far as that district is con cerned, two hundred years will have seen the end of the principal seams, even at the present rate of and, consumption if the present rate of increase of • consumption ' be maintained, the duration of yield by these seams will be comprised within the limits of century. These are startling facts, although not new to geologists; they have now been present e d for the first time under a popular form, and we shall be surprised if they do not set many practical minds thinking on the coal prospects of tuturity. INCONGRUITIES OFWESTMINSTER ABBEY.—Lor Hanghton himself would scarcely like to continue the intrusion of such productions as the statue of Wilber force in a church, nor would his calm reflection desire to retain the grouping of seas, ships, sailors, anchors, nude admirals, pancake like clouds, genii, sepoys, savages, lions, bears; Cupids, victories, battles, columns rostrake, coaches. guns; flags, spears. galleys, urns, spades, skulls, skeletons, trumpets, drums, steelyards, and Heaven knows what, that now load the finest Gothic church in England. Pitt may find a better place to declaim from than the top of the western door of an edifice which, when it is used, holds an audience that turns its back to him. Poor Pitt I Vice-Ad miral Charles Watson may receive the obeisances of the Genius of Calcutta, and exhibit the humiliation of Chandcr nagore in eludes, elsewhere than in the temple of mercy and of peace, or near the beautiful triforiam, destroyed to give it room, of Westminster Abbey. " That amiable spy," Major Andre, might be commemorated in a better place than that which holds the monuments of New ton and a host of the truly glorious dead of England. In many cases the monuments would be visibly improved by a fiter and properly designed loca tion. The splendid statue of Watt that now fills up the whole Chapel of St. Paul, cannot be seen as a masterpiece of its sculptor's geniuts, though it hides all about it, and presents the problem of how the egg got in the bottle—sa much larger is it t•han the space of entrance. Banks's monu ment to Sir Eyre Coote, Flaxman's to Chatham, that by Nollekens to the Captains of 1793, even the cumbrous slab that bears the monument to Wolfe, while it shuts off a whole chapel and hides the fine tomb of Sir Francis Vero —a great captain of his day, to whom England owes that Wolfe should not overshadow him, and a host of others, era of this class. These would find a fit place in a British. Valhalla not far from Westminster Abbey. Such of theta as are not of an ecclesiastical character might well grace the interior of Barry's Houses of Parliament, while the spots in which the great English dead repose in the Abbey—might be marked on slabs in the floor, as was done by the grave of Newton and many more when it was convenient to re move the monuments from above them, Where would Mr. Gibson's statue of Sir Robert Peel look better than in the Houses of Parlianient or a British Valhalla ?—Atkencerem, [ ADVERTISESMiT ]-110110way's Pills.—AidsteHealth. —.so many disturbing causes are at work to undermine the health that it behoves every one occasional - to regulate the system. Professor Holloway has placed this Power within the reach of all—his 'll:thr:rnic, Pills are equal to every emergency. Come the evil whence it may, from ;cod, atmosphere, or irregularitiy of life, it is gently met, hut forcibly expelled by these perfect purifiers. 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