The Sun. — London, England, 1863-10-21 00:00:00

TB TELEGRAPH TO INDIA. T' he las t ships of the squadron appointed to con vey this cable, which in a few months will connect Englan d with the remotest provinces of our Indian empire, have either sailed this week or will l eave now it L a few days more. Unforeseen causes, stress of we ether, difficulty in obtaining all the varied appli antes and apparatus necessary for so remote and important an expedition, have delayed the start ing of some of the ships beyond the time at first co atemplated. The Assaye left Plymouth on Satur day, the Tweed dropped down the riv er on M onday Is et, the Marian Moore and Kirkham are well on their voyage out. Only one more cable ship, the Cospatrick, remains to follow. As they are all ra ther behind time, they will touch at no intermediate ports, but at once make all sail for Bombay. The public is, therefore, not likely to hear much of them till the great labour is completed, and the first inti mation of success will most probably appear in our own columns in the telegram that will announce the state of the Bombay and Calcutta markets of the previous evening. It is only a few weeks since we gave a very long account of the mode of manufac ture of this cable at Mr. Henley's factory—of the careful way in which it was almost hourly tested for insulation and resistance till it finally passed out from all the machines sheathed with galvanised iron wire to protect it from rust, swathed in hemp and tar over this, and, finally, coated over all with a mixture of asphalt, tar, and silica, laid on in a melted state and allowed to cool into a coating hav ing almost the hardness of flint, and the flexibility of rope. In this completed state, nearly le ; in. in diameter, weighing nearly 4 to the mile, and 2e tons in water, it has been shipped in huge black looking coils on board the vessels w e have mention,. ed. The Marian Moore has taken about 700 tons, or 174 miles of the cable ; the Kirkham, 183 miles; the Tweed, 350 miles ; the Assaye, 370 miles ; and the Cospatrick will have 173 m i les; or, in all, 1,250 nautical miles of submarine wire. In addition, each ship takes out complete telegraph stores for one station in the Persian Gulf. The little steamer Charente, to be hereafter called the Amber Witch, and to be permanently employed between the sta tions in the Persian Gulf, will carry out some 30 or 40 miles of shore ends of great strength, and this completes the tale of the scientific expedition, than whic h a more perfectly equipped one never left this country. The whole responsibility of superinten dence, from the moment the cable was begun, down to the proper fitment of every ship chosen to carry it, has devolved upon Colonel Patrick Stewart, R.E., as well known for his high militaryservices in India as for his superintendence of the admirably worked land lines through that country. Sir Chas. Bright and Mr. Latimer Clark have been electrical engi neiers under Colonel Stewart, and have undertaken the whole responsibility of laying it successfully, but the principal, labour has f a ll en to Colon(); Stewart's lot, and to him will be due the great merit of the success of this national achievement. Each ship, as we have said, has been most per fectly fitted out, and each, as far as equipment goes forms a perfect expedition in itself—a complete link in the chain of stations which is to connect Bombay with the head of the Gulf. The Assaye and the Tweed, the vessels which have just started with the greatest lengths of cable, may be taken as fair samples of the whole squadron. These vessels are sister ships built of Malabar teak, and intended as frigates for the old India Company. Both are of great speed, and both are of such prodigious strength that there are probably no wooden vessels in her Majesty's navy so strongly bound together. In each of these, as in all the other ships of the expedition, three massive wrought-iron tanks have been built from the bottom up to the main deck —one forward, one amidships, and one aft. In these the cable is carefully stowed away in three coils, the beginning and end of . each coil being car ried along the ships to the testing room, and the Yanks are then filled with water by a small steam pump. A member of Sir Charles Bright's electri cal staff goes with each ship, and has sole charge of the cable, which he can thus test through while under water in the tanks daily, and in case of any leakage being discovered have time to watch and localise the fault in the insulation, if any should occur, long before the time for submerging arrives. Being thus able to watch the condition of the wire from day to day was of the utmost possible import ance, though from various causes it has not been practicable till now to adopt the precaution. With each section of the cable is also sent the appliances :necessary for paying out and buoying, with a staff of skilled workmen for making joints and cutting out faulty places, if any should be discovered in the voyage out, iron posts for land lines, grappling irons for raising the wire, and most perfect and costly sets of instruments, some of the most delicate kind, which will be kept either at the stations or at the headquarters at Kurrachee, in case of any un foreseen difficulties in working.; As far, however, as the most anxious care and forethought can guard against accidents none are likely to arise. In fact, the same delicate system of testing adopted during the manufacture, which could detect and record the loss of one thousandth millionth part of the current by leakage, shows that, if possible, the cable now in the tanks on board the Assaye is in even better electrical condition than when it left Mr. Henley's Nv e "ks. The Assaye was d r iven i n t o Plymouth by desperately heavy weather ; yet El) strong was the ship, last and. so well was the cable stowed that the Z it: taken before the ve sse l sa il e d on Satur daywed. each section to be in a higher con dition. of ever insulation than any submarine cable exhibited before. On board each of the ship s go a Certain hereafter to portion of the staff which is kthe line from station to station along the Grail At each station will be a superin tendent and de p u ty e - e t ilerintendent, with six clerks be procured ; the fo s rmaet ia rt s ah t l r l ument hands that could 12 years' experiencet. gentlemen of from 10 to e e large stations in Eng land. At some of Stationsxnbasttb the staff will have but a dull time; at in i e t t he lonely point of rock off the Arabian coast, for . where the hosti lity of the Arabs may possiblancee', leYititteleee'lltiirest di stance from the all to live on board a hulk moored at A some little rocky desolate shore. e ibrary of about edition, and 2,000 volumes goes out with the av: et Gulf stations. these will be divided between the between the sta- The Amber Witch, which will ply ID tiOne, will bring letters and papers, an d no ne of the staff will be kept more than two or three months at a time at one station , so that there will a t l east be constant variety. c h a gg©, if there is not much The five stations will be from Kurrachee to Gwadel, di s t an ce of the Gulf to the pe ninsula of Kha sab, from Khasab to %shire, and, from Bushire to a p lace called Paw, a smell on the estuary at the mouth of the eastern township Euphrates, where • the submarine wire meets the land. lines which carry it to Bagdad, thenc e to Mossul (the ancient Nineveh), th e nce to Diabeker, and thence to Scutari, on th e B o sphorus, where it joins a dozen European land routes. Dr. Essel bach, so well known among scientifi c me n in this country for his high attainments, is t o be chief superinten dent in charge of the whole line , and at his disposal • • will be a regular staff of mechanicians Sec., at the headquarters at Kurrachee. The reason for going to the gieat expense and trouble of m aking five breaks or stations in the Gulf, on a lengt h o f 1,200 miles of Wire, is, of course, the great dii culty which would otherwise be exnerienced in tele graphing through an unbroken circuit of 1,200 miles. It was for the same reason that the Malta and Alexandria line w • as laid in three sections. Elec tricians are sanguine in their hopes that, in the course of time, and wit • h increases) knowledge and experience in submarine or rather obstacle, may b e mitigated. As far, how ever, as present knowledge goes, nothing appears more certain than that messages cannot be sent through long, unbroken circuits of submarine wires with sufficient rapidity and d' • istinetness to make such undertakings profitable, even if there were ro risk of loss while being laid across deep seas. Even with the short circuits in which the Persian G nit line is being laid, Dr. Esselbach is taking out with him some beautiful instruments specially made by Prof essor Wheatstone, Professor Thompson, Mr. Jeeken, an d others, in order to mitigate w ith them the influence o f t he electric wave in the co n d uctor, ich esh tow certain extent, will interfere with rapi dity and clearness of telegraphing, even along a wire where the longest unbroken submarine stretch is only 400 miles. The work of submerging this line will, it is ex pected, commence about the end of next January. The wire will be laid from the sailing ships on which it is on board, towed by steamers lashed alongside. The mere work of sinking is not likely to take more than a fortnight, but to land the three ends and make all the connections perfect may pro bably occupy a fortnight or so more. The weak point of the line is decidedly that which passes from the head of the Galf to Scutari—the land line. The first length up to Bagdad is across a conntry which may be said to be in possession of the Arabs, and all the worse for the occupancy, and the second - length, from Bagdad to Scutari, is in the bands of Turkish operators, who work only as long and as often as it pleases them, andntohen:or Eng lish operators are sent out these Unless tationsinAs Asia to ou fatuity oe t h o expect aotie i t M h a i n t , o r a ff i t a wo r u u l l d e ,bteh the lit t t e l l e e gram short s owf extent t danger ent provided ha of pate e ()a r s t e h h e e o e v o e r l foreseenen d a mail. od T t n o is a g g l r a e ri at n against by Col. Stewart taking another land line from Bushire to Teheran, and from Teheran to Bag. dad. This length, therefore, renders the line partly independent of the Arabs, though it leaves the evil of the Turks as rampant as ever. Bat to have some check on these latter also another land -line is being set up from Teheran to Teflis, and from Teflis it will be in communication with the Russian lines. These routes, however, are really valuable only as auxiliaries, the great object to be arrived at being, of course, to get English operators along the Asia Minor route, as we have already succeeded in get ting English operators along the Persian routes from Bushire to Bagdad and Teflis. A little diplo matic management at Constantinople would be suf ficient, one would think, to secure this slight favour, from which the Turks would reap as much benefit as ourselves in the quick transmission of messages and all the benefits in a pecuniary point of view. In a few days Col. Stewart leaves for Constanti nople, to see that their Asia Minor lines are all in good working order before starting overland for India to meet the cable ships at Bombay. Sir Chas. Bright and Mr. Latimer Clark, with the rest of the staff, will also start early next month to make all the arrangements for their responsibility of laying the wire. Most heartily do we wish Col. Stewart and his able engineers all the success to which their unwearied care so justly entitles them. New City Traffic Regulations. Yesterday the magistrates of the City of London, with the Lord Mayor at their head, at a meeting at Guildhall, were engaged in considering a code of bylaws for the future regulation of the traffic within their jurisdiction, under the provisions of the Act of Parliament of last session, which applies ex clusively to the City, and which was passed at the express instance of the Court of Common Council. The Act empowers the Court of Aldermen to make from time to time such regulations for faci litating the traffic as they may think necessary, and these are to apply to three principal subjects. First, they may prescribe the routes to be followed and the particular streets or parts of streets to be used by omnibuses, cabs, and vans; secondly the height and width to which the heavier vehicles for the convey ance of merchandise using the streets of the city between nine in the morning and six in the even ing may be laden ; and, thirdly, the pericid of the day or night during which carts and waggons, wholly or partially laden with timber, metal, and the like, may be allowed to pass or be prohibited from passing. It is but due to the Aldermen to state that, alive to the pressing necessity of the mat ter, they have, with creditable alacrity, assumed the functions which the Act devolves upon them, having at their very first meeting after its passing taken steps for putting it in force. This was the more in cumbent upon them, inasmuch as fully two months must, according to the statute, elapse before any by laws they might propound could come into prac tical operation, for such bylaws are not to take effect until, first, one month after their approval by one of her IVlajesty's principal Secretaries of State, and again, until another month shall have followed a pablic notification of the intention to apply for that approval. Originally, a Court of Aldermen em powered a committee of their body to devise a code of regulations, with the assistance of the law officers of the corporation, and this they had under their consideration and eventually adopted yesterday. Of this document we now present a summary. The first and principal regulation makes it obliga tory upon the driver of every omnibus and cab going eastwards through St. Paul's. churchyard, the destination of which is London-bridge or any place beyond the bridge to pass along Cannon-street, and to take the same route in making the reverse journey. The effect of this rule will be greatly to relieve the traffic of Cheapside and the narrow gorge of the Poultry. Again, between 9in the morning and 6 in the evening no one is to drive a vehicle through the streets so heavily laden as to require more than four horses to draw it, nor laden with merchandise to a greater height than 16ft. from the ground, or a greater width than 7ft. or the breadth between the outsides of the wheels of which shall be greater than 7ft., except a vehicle of such breadth shall have been in use before the 28th of July last. Between 6 in the morning and 10 at night the con ducting of any kind of locomotive propelled by steam, except a steam fire engine actually going to or returning from a fire, is strictly prohibited ; as is also the driving, between 9 in the morning and 6 in the evening, of any cart or waggon wholly or partially laden with timber or any other material exceeding 25ft. in length or Bft. Gin. in breadth. No coals, beer, wine, or other liquid in casks, con veyed in carts, waggons, or vans, will be allowed to be delivered in 24 of the principal streets of the city between 9 a..m. and 5 p.m—viz., Gracechurch-street, Bishopsgate-street -within, Threadneedle-street, Cornhill, Lombard-street, Leadenhall-street, Fen church-street, Tower-street, Eastcheap, Cannon street, King William-street, Upper or Lower Thames-street, Fleet-street, Ludgate-gill, Ludgate street, Newgate-street, Che apside, Poultry, Gresham street, Princes-street, Lothbury, Throgmorton street, or Old Broad -street. The sale of vegetables, fruit, fish, or other articles carried upon any truck or vehicle is prohibited between 9 in the morning and 6 in the evening in the same streets, and on London and Blackfriars bridges. Every waggon, van, and the like is to be placed with its side parallel with the foot pavement when being loaded or unloaded, or stopped for any other Purpose. Upwards of 700 principal places are in dicated at which in the whole 88 shoe-lelacks may ply their calling. At by far the greater num ber of places one shooblack will be stationed, and in man y two ; • b D but at the R o y a l E xc h an ge, by the uke's S tatue, therewill be • the pablic eof seen ea mp ost office, St. Martin's-le-Grand, four. The COMmi ss i on the City Police is empowered for bet of standin g ; I. stand inks or the conveniencenumber to alter or increase the stand number of shoeblalekes of shoeblacks, so that the num does not exceed 150, and the the principal r eguittt a io 3 " in the whole. These are the ob s t nunaraof Streets and footways by ;but there are others pro hibitingpersons with variortieestet goods or merchandise daring articles for sale,or by passe removal, so as to hin der or incommode a free enalt' a ge- By the Act each alternative les not exceeding of of the bylaws, when sanction e d b y a term which the Ald State, may be enforced by p the Secretary of 40s. for each offence, with the o f imprisonment. when empty A power is conferred by the Act men have not exercised —namely, t o r er egulate the mcde of distinguishing hackney ca b s for hire. It sayer t 1 •t e tor of the new Solicitor, wh o the acumen - and when actually plying was mainly charged preparing the hill, and as I) eputy iternbr With with additional pay, Watching its pm : r, pr . press throug h Parliament, that, while taking the tense was not in serted empowering the Cou r t o f c li t tl e Bhoebiacks under his especial protectio n , a Aldermen to recognise the corps of Commissionaires, a useful and meritorious bod y of men with a dis tinct tinct organisation and with many guarantees for fidelity and good behaviour. In the city espe cially they are subjected daily to many inconveni ences and annoyances. Worthless and disreputable men in some cases copy their distinctive dress, with just so little variation as to prove their own ning and deceive casual observers. These people hang about the Bank of England, the Stock Ex change, and all the principal mercantile quarters of the city, and, sailing under false colours, often filch the emoluments which would otherwise fall to the share of the real Commissionaires and of private messengers of good repute. The City Solicitor has taken power, in the regulations under consideration for the Commissioner of Police to discountenance and drive away unaccredited shoeblacks, but none to prevent people obstructing the thoroughfares who can only earn a living by assuming the good charac ter of others, and whose dress they ad opt as a test of respectability. Possibly the Court of Alderm e n m yet find a mrmeadaereof sure, if th ey have remedyi ng the the power, omission o t t c h h o a e e m y y ir m d i o ssi ma n o o n servant. t ai l r a e c s kt y he will ; but, failing th em , th e still fin d a friend in Sir George Grey, the Home Secretary, who has the power of altering and approving. Naval and Military Intelligence. THE NAVY. VALETTA, Oct. 16.—Th ere i s very littl e nava l an d military news to report. Her Majesty's ship Revenge, 73, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral H, R. Yelverton, C. 8., Capt. the Hon. F. A. Foley, left port at noon on the 12th inst., under steam and sail, for Toulon, to form part of the squadron which is to escort the King of the Greeks to Athens. The Malacca, 17, screw corvette, Capt. G. J. Napier, which arrived here on the 10th from Missolonghi, got under way on th e 14th for- Gibraltar, there to await orders which it is expected will send her to England. In quitting the dockyard creek she grounded on Fort St. Angelo point, but was got off in a few hours without damage. She left on the following day for her destination. The Trident, 3, iron paddlewheel sloop, Commander C. J. Balfour, proceeded yesterday morning, after the arrival of the Marseilles mail for Athens, with despatches for the Commander-in-Chief and a mail for the English squadron now in Greek waters. Her Majesty's ships at Malta are—the Hibernia, flagship of Rear-Admiral H, T. Austin, C.B. ; the Phoebe, 35; the Chanticleer, 17 ; the Psyche, 2; the Medina, surveying ship; and the Growler, tender. Major-General W. J. Ridley arrived here yesterday in the Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer Vectis from Marseilles, and assumed the com mand of the Ist Brigade in this garrison, in the place of Major-Gen. B. Wood, C.B. Capt. Bowden, Scots Fusilier Guards, aide-de-camp to Gen. Ridley, also arrived in the same packet. The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer Ellora, arrived this morning from Alexandria for Southampton, has on board 65 non-commissioned officers and men of the 6th Dragoons to give evidence in the case of Col. Crawley. The Vulture, paddle steamer, 1,190 tons, with 470-horse power engine, and fitted to carry six guns on her upper deck, left Portsmouth yesterday in tow of the Victor, steamtug) for the Thames. She has been purchased by a private firm in London from the Admiralty for £4.600. The sale of this vessel is one of the necessary consequences of the paddle being superseded by the screw and wood by iron in the con struction of our ships of war. The sale, although apparently made at an "alarming sacrifice," was in reality the only sensible course left for the Admiralty under the circum stances, and is one which it will be true economy to repeat until the whole of such useless stock is cleared out of our harbours, and the space they now occupy rendered available for really serviceable ships. As it is one ship the less crowds Portsmouth harbour, and an additional pair of moorings may by a little management be added to those kept for the service of ships in commission. The Vtilture was built at Pembroke, from the designs of Sir W. Symonds, in 1813, and is therefore not a very old ship. If she is broken 1 - 1 P b y her new owners, the copper on her bottom, her metal fasten ings and fittings, with the timber of her hull, will cover her purchase-money from the Admiralty. This will leave her machinery as a net pi ofit on the transact,on, and its value cannot be less than £lO,OOO. The Hornet and Atalanta, hired sailing transports, ar rived at Portsmouth yesterday from the Thames, and were berthed alongside the transport jetty of the dockyard, where they h e were garrisonsu surveyed . y e i d hbeyhtehaev3 baggage military andmedical m , it afterwards shipped on b oar d the two vessels. Th e r egiment il of the 7G th a uthorities utwas . will arrive at Portsmouth this morning by special train from Aldershot and im me di ate l y embark, under t h e superin tendence of the Qu ar t ermaster-General's D e partment and the embarkation officer to the H on . C ounc il for:lndia , for conveyance to Madr as . B oth vessels will sa il this evening or early to-motro w morn i ng. The line-of-battl e s hi p l aunch, which has b een fitted by the steam factory d e p artment of Portsmouth D oc kyard with a pair of small e ng i nes, driving two four-bladed screws, realised on her r ecent preliminary trial at t h e measured mile in Stokes Bay a speed of 61 knots, an d was found to possess the same p ower o f turning upon her own centre that has been exhibited b y l arger vessels in recen t t r ials of twin screws on the Thames. A more complete trial of the boat's capabilities will be made shortly. By. Admiralty circular, dated the 12th of October, it is directed that in future "engineer boys" in the steam facto ries of her Majesty's dockyards shall be termed "engineer students." Candidates for entry (by public competition) must be between 15 and 16 years of age. Examinations will be held in January and June, when the subjects and maximum number of mar k s f or eac h w ill be as follows : Arithmetic, including vulg a r an d d e cimal fractions, s q uar e and cube roots, 250; orthography, 100 ; h an dwriting, 100 ; grammar a nd E nglish composition, 200; geography, 100 ; translation of French into English, 100 ; Euclid, first six books, 200 ; and algebra, including quadratic equations, 200 ; the total number being 1,250. Candidates passing will be selected for entry in the dockyards according to the number of their passing marks. Failing to pass they will be allowed a second examination if not over age. The term of service is six years. The Dauntless stea m f r i ga t e , C a pt. J. B. Dickson, having completed the exc h ange o f a p ort i on o f her armament at Spithead, sail e d , aga i n yester d ay morn i n g for her moerings in Sekthampton wa t er . • s • The screw steam .corvette,Pelorus, 2 1 , Capt. Boys, which lef t FlYraouth on Thursday last, the 15th inst., for the East Indies and China, put back yesterday morning, having been on fire in the Bay of Biscay. It appears that on Saturday last at 6 15 p.m., when she was 320 miles south west half west of the Lizard Point, the chief engineer, Mr James W. Steil, reported to the captain that the foremost starboard boiler was red-hot, and that the felt over it was on fire. That part of the maindeck immediately contiguous was at once scuttled in two places, eo as to allow water to pass on and behind the boiler, and, a plentiful supply being sent down from the pumps and by buckets from over the side, the boiler was completely cooled by 9 a.m. One of the stokers first discovered the accident by the smell from the burning felt. The crowns of the furnaces have dropped, and the boiler is so much injured that it must be rem , ved All the boats were lowered, and every other arrangement made for the safety of the crew, lest it should become necee sary to abandon the Pelorus. During the fire a full-rigged ship was observed five miles distant on the port tack, outward bound. Three distress guns were fired, and rockets and blue lights were exhibited, but with no response excepting from the report of a single gun. The stranger continued her course. It is supposed that she was a Federal ship, and that she mistook the Pelorus for a Confederate ship of war. The Kingston valves of the corvette are damaged. She returned under canvas, but used steam when entering the Sound, On Sunday, at 5 a.m., she observed a large screw steamship under all sail, homeward bound, which signalised that her machinery was damaged; she appeared to be one of the mail ships on the Peninsular and Oriental line. Th e powder and shell will be at once removed from the Pelorus, and she will be placed in Keyham steamyard to receive the necessary repairs. The screw steam gunvessel Speedwell, 4, Commander Cottam, from Sheerness, arrived at Plymouth on Monday evening, and is now in the Sound receiving coal preparatory to her departure for the West Coast of Africa. Her Majesty's screw steam frigate Narcissus, Captain Joseph S. Bickford, had been appointed at the date of the last mail from the Cape to leave Simon's Bay shortly for a cruise, and Admiral Sir B. Walker was to hoist his flag on board the paddlewheel steam frigate Valorous, 16, Captain Charles C. Forsyth. Tho screw steam gunvessel Penguin, 5, Lieut. John G. G. M' Hardy, sailed from Simon's Bay on the 22d August for the Mozambique. The iron screw steam troopship Asstaeulasemtdr ae na arrivedr thr im e v a tse l a a dts th y koc a , no , 2a f f p etl lo see meTpa4opttSeptember Portsmouth, nojb fooenhJohn etfphoHterSeptember, a 2 Hamilton, Ceylon. tro t , oh n f 11 A n h f rd ue l o g ' msh2uases;thes, sailed arße giment,efnoowndrthe 12th, It was yesterday stated in Chatham Dockyard that Capt. E. G. Fanshawe, the superintendent of that establishment— who is the senior Captain for promotion to the active list of Rear-Admirals —will be retained as superintendent at Chatham until the completion of his five years' period of service in that capacity. This arrangement, although con trary to the recognised regulations, which would oblige him on promotion to flag rank to give up his present appoint.. ment, has, it is understood, been decided upon by the Ad miralty in consequence of the inconvenience which would be likely to ensue from any change occurring just now in the superintendence of the naval establishments at Chatham. Lieut. George Wm. Frederick Snell (eldest son of the late Commander George Snell, Royal Navy), has been ap pointed Captain in her Majesty's 38th Regiment, without purchase. The following appointments have been made at the Ad miralty :—Commander G. H. Parkin to the Falcon; Lieut. C. 11. Mansell to the Cornwallis ; Sydney Morgan Puddi corribe, nominated to a naval cadetship ; John. G. Shepherd, Paymaster, to the Falcon; William E. P. Sear, a•sist.- Paymaster, to the Royal Adelaide; Walmisley A. Danger field, assist...paymaster to the Rattlesnake, as supernume rary ; V. P. Thompson, first-class assist.-engineer, to the Rattlesnake ; John. H. Willis, assist.-engineer, to the Cumberland, as supernumerary ' • Thomas C. Russell, cic to the Falcon; and Ch arles H. Baker, clerk, to the "fk' Full be ne .4dgar. fit of reduced dut obtai n chasing Horniman's pure Tea; Y 4ed by 4s. "High "High Standard'. 4s. 4d V. (formerly ch °JCS at 3s. 4d. and strongest and most delicious i m , o „, °z _ l4 exly 4s. Bd.), i s th e town supply it in packets, 'ca. Agents in every THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, 001 1 011 ER 21, 1863. THE WAR IN NEW ZEALAND. (From the Aew Zealand Examiner, Oct. 16, 1863.) . . The Auckland papers received by this mail confirm the rumours circulated by one of the Nelson papers last month, and which we vere inclined to discredit, respecting the Hein , " of the natives in Waikato, and the districts in the im mediate vicinity of Auckland. There is now no doubt what ever that the natives are bent on mischief, and that they are determined to attempt—and they will succeed, as they have hitherto done, unless very summarily dealt with—deeds of daring before they give in. Their mode of warfare is most harassing to regular troops, and wantonly cruel to the peace fully disposed ant industrious settlers. In an open plain they would stand no chance with European troops ; they are not yet acquainted with the modern science of war. But then, on the other hand, our soldiers, too, are at great disad vantages. They have been trained according to rules of mo dern refinement, and taught to fight with troops civilised like themselves. Of tie savage mode of warfare the European soldiers are just as ignorant as the Maories are of the civi lised. In dealing with New Zealanders, it is not science and attention to modern tactics that will securevictoi y so readily as dash, personal courage, and a wild hand-to-hand fight. This Gen. Cameron is beginning to understand,for he rushed upon a number of Waikatos, on the 17th July at Kohiroa ; gallantly attacked them 20 yards in advance of his own men, carried their rifle pita at the point of the bayonet, and the fellows who escaped out of their own traps were hunted with great loss beyond the Wangamarino river. All praise to Gen. Cameron for this brave deed 1 This is the only way in which we can expect to put an end to the war. But, courageous as Cameron unquestionably is, he is hampered by the routine of his profession and the stringent rules which it enjoins upon him. What is wanted is a guerilla chief like Garibaldi—who is not only his own general and commander in-chief, but his own governor and king also. Such a man, with a band of resolute followers, would very soon inspire the Maories with a salutary dread of the consequences of rising in rebellion against a race, ve ho are by nature as well as acquired rights, their superiors. What we have from the first mainteined in this journal is now beginning to be recognised by the authorities at home and the settlers in the colony. The rebellion must be reso lutely and promptly put down. Troops are being sent to the seat of war both from this country and India ; the colonists themselves are waking up to a manly sense of their duty. The militia are called out, and volunteers are being armed. As a proof that colonists are exerting themselves in a most energetic and praiseworthy manner to put down this re bellion, we may mention that appeals have been made, and with success,to Australia, New South Wales, and Tasmania for volunteers. It is expected that the Australian colonies will raise 5,030 men. The additional troops thus obtained, together with Sikhs from India, and the reinforcements from England, New Zealand will soon be studded with soldiers, and bristling with arms from one end of the island to the other. The inducements held out to the volunteers from the neighbouring colonies are also worthy of notice. The New Zealand Government have sent Major Pitt to Victo ria with instructions to offer as daily pay, with clothing and rations, the following liberal wages : Captains, 14s 7d; lieutenants, 9s 6d; ensigns, 8s 3d; ser geants, 3s 6d ; corporals, 3s; privates, 2s 6d. Each volun teer, after 3 years' service, and compliance with certain re sidential terms, is to receive a certifizate entitling hint to one town allotment and one farm section. The farm sections are to be thus allotted—For a field officer, 400 acres--cap tain, 300 —surgeon, 250—subaltern, 200 --sergeant, 80—cor poral, 60—private, 50. Pensions fur the wounded and widows of the killed are also provided for. The result of this appeal has been a rush to the offices for enlistment, and it is nut improbable that 600 or 700 men may leave these shores to get a taste of actual warfare. As an additional proof of the all-absorbing nature of the war, we may also mention in a parenthesis, that the Auck land Weekly .News has suspended publication, the greater portion of the working staff being engaged en military duty. Everything considered, therefore, there is no doubt that the work either of subjugation to British rule and the oruer of civilized life, will be effectually done now, or the end will be that the Maories will perish, If we have to hunt them like rabbits and shoot them like birds, ono by one, we must persevere until the rebellion is at an end and order re-estab lishen. At an earlier stage of the ou break we should not have felt ourselves justified in speaking in such emphatic terms as to the mode in which the natives must be sub dued; but now that the scene of the war is changed from Taranaki to the immediate vicinity of the capital of the colony it is h'gh time shilly-shallying were abandoned for decisive, manly, and prompt action. The War District in New Zealand. In order to the better understanding of the stirring events we attempt, in a few words, to sketch the district in which they are occurring. Si far the trouble is confined to the south of the town. The country looking south from Auck land to Waikato may be described as a plain bounded on the west or right by a low range of bare hills dividing the Manukau lagoon from the sea, and on the east or left by very irregular hills, wooded, with patches of fern. The plain is not to be considered as a fiat valley. It undulates, and has several extinct volcanic cones of small elevation scattered about it. The whole extent may be about 30 miles square, of which the lagoon of Manu.kau occupies some thing like 15 miles square on the western side, and a belt of 10 or 12 miles of forest skirts the Waikato, which is the southern boundary of the plain and of European terri tory, The main southern road heads' the long navigable creeks of the lagoon, leaving Onehunga a few miles on the right, and passing through Otahubu, Papakura, and Drury, in a south-easterly direction, nearly to the great bend of the Waikato. The river Waikato itself, rising in the heart of the island, runs most of its course to the north west, in a line bearing directly on Auckland, but about 30 miles south-east of that town it bends abruptly at a right angle, and fl -we some 25 miles S.W. till it reaches the ocean. At the great right angle bend the little stream of Maungatawhiri falls in on the east side, prolonging the southern boundary of the European territory-towards the east-, The country bordering the Waikato, and its brandh, the :Waipa, is open country, containing fern, flax, tei-toi grass, and scrub. Between the two main branches lies Ngarua wahia, the capital of Mitoridom, 65 miles, as the crow flies, from the capital of the colony. Maungatawhiri is therefore nearly midway between the two capitals, and in direct line. No " engineering difficulty," as it is called, intervenes in the whole distance. The river passes through one abrupt range of above a thousand feet high, but it is a very narrow range, and there is not, in the Nelson sense of the words, a gorge even at this spot. Vegetation is the great military obstacle. The forest (though under General Cameron its impenetrability has ceased to be talked of) is a great resource to a lightly equipped irregular foe. Extending in an unbroken line along the southern frontier of the settled district, and stretching on the eastern side towards Auckland, it furnishes a cover under which the scattered villages of the plain, if not the city itself, may be menaced, and a mere handful of natives, under its screen, have attacked and inflicted loss on our brave and well armed soldiers, and committed half-a-dozen cold- blooded murders on peaceful settlers. The wooded hills ou the east of the Auckland plain were pointed to by the natives two years ago as their stronghold in ease of war. It must be un derstood then, that, at the time of the events of a fortnight back near Auckland, General Cameron's front was advanced beyond the European boundary, and beyond the forest. He had nothing but open land—fern land, that is to say— between him and the centre of the country; and no ob stacles except the want of roads, and a few inconsiderable tributaries of the Waikato. We are not aware what forti fications the banks of the Waikato may possess—whether the large earthworks at Rangiriri have ever been completed (Wata-wata lies above the capital)—but the ground, gene rally, offers no important advantages against a resolute in vader ; and if the now steamer proves equal to the naviga tion, as it is probable she will do, at least till summer dries up the stream, supplies may be carried inland in spite of the want of roads. General Cameron's real difficulty is the defence of the town and villages ho leaves behind. Ngarua wahia, the Maori capital, offers no reprisals, and a large, weak, and wealthy frontier absorbs his force, and leaves little for forward movements. THE Aufs-HousE Pumr.—Titbull's Alms- Houses are in the east of London, in a great highway, in a poor, busy, and thronged neighbourhood. Old iron and fried fish, cough drops snd artificial flowers, boiled polishedpigs up with'feetand lip household furn it u re that looks as if it were 'salve, umbrellas full of vocal literature and saucers full of shell-fish in a green juice which I hope is natural to them when their health is good, garnish the paved side-ways as you go to Titbull's. take the ground to have risen in those parts since Titbull's time, and you drop into his domain by three stone steps. So did I first drop into it, very nearly striking my brows against Titbull's pump, which stands with its back to the thoroughfare just inside the gate, and has a conceited air of reviewing Tit bull's pensioners. " And a worse one," said a virulent old man with a pitcher, there isn't nowhere. A harder one to work, nor a grudginer one to yield, there isn't nowhere 1" This old man wore a long coat, such as we see Hogarth's Chairmen represented with, and it was of that peculiar green-pea hue without the green, which seems to come of poverty. It had also that peculiar smell of cupboard which seems to come of poverty.. "The pump is rusty, per haps,' said I. " Not at," said the old mau, regarding it with undiluted virulence in his watery eye. "It never were fit to be termed a pump. That's what's the matter with it." "Whose fault is that ?" said I. The old man, who had a anger an d mouth to which seemed to be tr y in g to masticate hie much of it, v.,,./-pflinieki,d,thoaTt hitornteasgentotolemhaerni.l,, and ,41tvh hate) •e la gentle „ e n s ttloeu " men? " Maybe you're one of 'em ?" said the old man, suspie' The trustees P ‘bl u t u trust ' t e h m e m _ " " . / self," said the virulen t old man. If ld n yon gentlemen who administer this place, no, I am not one of them; nor have I ever so much as heard of them,," " I wish /never bean of t hem," gasped the old man : "at my time of life—with the rheumatics —drawing w ater— from that thing 1" Not to be deluded into callinl; it a pump, the old men gave it another virulent look, took up d his pitcher, and carri ed it into a corner\ elling-house, shutting the door after him.—Charles Dickens's last Unc. om merciA SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. POST.—The negotiations for an amicable settle ment, of onr differences with the Government of Japan having, as we anticipated, ended in failure, steps have been taken to enforce the reparation which was refused. We learn, from a telegram re ceived yesterday at the Foreign-office, and which we publish elsewhere, that the seaport town of Kayosima has been bombarded by our fleet, three of the batteries defending it silenced, and the town reduced to ruins. Three Japanese steamers are also reported to have been destroyed. The suc cess, however, appears to have been dearly pur chased on our part, two naval captains having been returned amongst the killed ; and, as the batteries are said to have been well served, the damage sustained by the fleet was doubtless not inconsiderable. With the particulars of the en gagement we are not yet made acquainted; but as on the second day of the attack the fleet is stated to have " stood out, engaging the whole of the batte ries," we may conclude that so far as their destruc tion was concerned the victory was not complete. It is certainly not pleasant to reflect that we are engaged in another of those petty wars which are from time to time forced upon ns in the most dis tant regions of the globe. They are always unsatis factory, and nearly always profitless. But they are not the less inevitable. In the present instance we are making war less against the Japanese Sove reign than against one of his princes, and there is every reason to believe that the Tycoon would gladly have obtained for us the redress which we demanded had it been in his power. It is un doubtedly a great hardship that we should be ob liged, so to say, to regulate the internal affairs of an Eastern empire with which we are unconnected, and, in order to vindicate the rights of those British subjects who have settled in Japan, to mete out to offending Daimios that punishment which the native Government is too feeble to inflict. It is really with the Prince Satsuma that we are at war, and the town which has been destroyed is one in which he exercised undisputed sway. It was in his territory, and at his instigation, that the murder of Mr. Richardson took place some months since, and it was from him through the Imperial Government that reparation was demanded. For many weeks the English Envoy was led to believe that redress would be given, but the time which was by us lost in negotiation was turned to account by the Japa nese. Prince Satsuma knew that it was on his ter ritory that the threatened blow would fall, and made his preparations accordingly. The batteries, which are said to have been so well served, and which were still able to respond to the fire of the fleet when the latter withdrew, were most probably constructed, or at least placed in their late effective state, whilst diplomatic messages were being inter changed between our representative and theGoverne ment of the Tycoon. It would be incorrect, however, to suppose that the powerful Daimio, whose town we have destroyed, stood alone. The traditional policy of excluding strangets from Japan is still respected by a numerous portion of the native princes, and Prince Satsuma is merely the represen tative of a class which we must either subdue or appease before we can hope to prosecute peaceably oue commercial relations with Japan. The first thought which will occur to the minds of our readers will doubtless be, where will all this end ? In a naval wer with the Japanese, or with such of the Daimios as thought proper to espouse the cause of Prince Satsuma, we should be able to inflict endless damage on shipping and seaport towns. Bat there our exploits would end. No place within reach of an Armstrong shell dis charged from the deck of a man-of-war would be sale, but beyond carmen range of the coast line the Japanese and their towns would remain secure from molestation. The general principle that a central Government is responsible for the acts of every in dividual living within its territory, and nominally submissive to its authority, might possibly be en forced, and the town of Yeddo consigned to the fate of Kayosima if full redress were not given by the Tycoon. But it is doubtful whether even the threats of destroying their capital would influence the Daimios, and certainly even, if carried into effect would not conduce to the establishment of peaceful relations at a future time. But except with our fleet it is not easy to discover how we can inflict punish ment on the Japanese. If it should be deemed expedient to carry war into the interior of the Japanese islands, an expedition would be re quired of whose magnitude it is not easy to form an adequate notion. From the skill which the retainers of Prince Satsuma evinced in serving batteries,dt is not improbable that the same skill would be mani fested in conducting operations against land forces. It is incontestable that the Daimios can, by co-ope ration, bring into the field most numerous and well appointed armies, and to subdue those armies it wuuld be necessary for tie to prosecute the war on a very extensive scale. Cui bond? the public will natu rally inquire. The reply is, the necessity of protecting British interests in Japan. The Japanese for several centuries totally excluded foreigners from their em pire, and refused to trade with the rest of the world. But some Years slice this rule was broken through in favour of the Americans, and subsequently in our own. Then followed the treaty which was conclUded by Lord Elgin, and which, as was supposed at the time, established our commercial connection with Japan on a satisfactory basis. But that treaty, though entered into by the Tycoon, and approved of by many of the influential "Daimios, excited the bitter resentment of the remainder. Then suc ceeded the long Series of outrages on English resi dents in Japan which culminated in the attack on the British Embassy. No alternative was left to us but to demand reparation or discontinue pro tecting our interests in: Japan, and therefore neces sitate the withdrawal of every British merchant. As the latter course oliviodaly could not be adopted, the alternative was only nominal, and we were obliged to have recourse to force to secure com pliance with our demands. The punishment in flicted upon Prince Satsuma has been so signal and severe that when he and his brother Daimios see how little is to be gained and how much is to be lost by provoking our enmity, they will doubtless acknowledge the expediency of permitting English merchants to pursue their avocations in the cities of Japan unmolested by their savage retainers. If they will not now admit themselves convinced, we must only continue in our present course until we have carried conviction to their minds. HEItALD.—The Conservative candidate have been defeated at Barnstaple by the slender majority of 16. The ups and downs of electioneering are such that we must be content to put up with an occasional disappointment of this sort. The election of Mr. Lloyd, if indeed that gentleman is to be left un molested in the enjoyment of his newly earned honours, will be a small gain to the Government, and, as far as the Conservatives are concerned, it , but a poor set off to the great triumph at Coventry, and the election at Tamworth and Reading of independent members, who are more likely to give trouble to Lord Palmerston's Government than eeen its avowed opponents. In three electioneering speeches of the past week, at Richmond, Plymouth, and Reading, we are struck by the attempts which are made by Government candidates to effect an in dependent tone. They are all Palmeretonian as voters, but as talkers they belong to the people. Even Sir Roundell Palmer, on Saturday, made a show of criticism with regard to the admitted home policy of the Whigs. It was necessary. It was even indispensable after that preposterous Pindaric in which he had just before extolled his leader and patron as the Michael Angelo, the Napoleon, the Seven Champions and the Nine Wonders combined, of European pot tics, But is it not pitiful at such a time as this to hear an English bar rister, elevated to the rank of Attorney . General, assuring the coun:rY that it needs to be governed by " honest and exptarlel?ced men ?" Who doubted it ? More than that—aahoeverdoubted of view, is the "experience " of th e Whi g party : ? Wt _ ever, from Sir Roundell Pa lmer's point o " honesty ?" The electors of Richmond, Y rk . shire, were told to believe that it meant W!ilif patronage. Yet we learn, at any rate, chem.lng news. "A body of men of purer integrity anel patriotism was never at the head of affairs." Every body must rejoice to hear it, although Mr. Beres furd Hope, in one or two recent addressee, has com mented with damaging force upon the purity and patriotism by which Great Britain, within the last few weeks, has been scandalised and disgraced. As to experience, men may have had too much of that; so that it was possibly rather mischievous on the part of the new A ttoiney-General to remi • nd his constituents that Lord Palmerston had become a mature statesman of the old Wtiig school before some of his colleagues in the Administration were born. Upon the whole, nevertheless, the law officer of the Crown just restored to Parliament by the Yorkshire borough of Richmond appeared very grateful for the favour he had received—and de served—and disembosomed himself of much that might have been difficult for men of a weaker con stitution to declare. There never was, he said, a statesman who loved England as Lord Palmerston has loved her. We presume that, in saying this, he does not hold the Premier irresponsible for the policy of his Foreign Sccretarv—so splendidly, and, in a Roman spirit, illustrated - by the sinking of two junks, and the blowing in of a calico battery on the coast of Japan. Of course he does. He had his word of flattery for Lord Russell, his paren , thesis of patronage for Lord Lyons, his culmina tions of applause for Mr. Gladstone, and his not overdone postscript of approval for himself. So far the Attorney-General, next to the Lord Chancel , for the highest law officer of the British Crown. He has approved of his Wrong, his colleagues, and himself, and he has uttered no tangible opinion. That was at Richmond, in Yorkshire. At Plymouth, in Devonshire, the new Solicitor- General " sniffed a tainted breeze" of a different character. It was necessary, there, to be a little less reserved, and rather more popular ; so, as the Attorney-General had been all in favour , throughout the various speeches of the North, the Solicitor-General, in order to keep up the neutrality and impartiality of her Majesty's Government, was bound to be all in favour of the South. In delight ful dissonance with his learned colleage he declared that the North was not fighting for the abolition of slavery ; he thinks, or affirms at least, that the South are fighting for independence and the North for a centralising Union ; he appeals to six millions of people in New York habit of styling them rebels; but then, keeping in view his new appointment, he veers round, after admitting as much as the Southerners could 'desire, and ;declares that Great Britain has preserved a perfect and unimpeachable neutrality. Where is the evidence? Mr. Collier is ready with it. " Both sides are offended with us." Now, we are not to suppose that Mr. Collier believed what he was saying. Might not the North be justly dissatisfied while the South was unrea sonably discontented ? " The South," continued Lard Palmersion's new Solicitor-General, " is a great nation waging war." But he goes on, escap ing from the consequences of this admission, to urge that the Confederates must clear their terri tory of the Federal forces altogether before they can claim to be recognised as independent. We know not upon what basis the argument rests. Cer tainly not upon historical precedent. But, beyond doubt, Mr. Collier, in the unspotted robes of his virgin:, Solicitor -Generalship, thought it incum bent upon him, firstly, to echo the national senti ment with regard to the Southern States; secondly, to apologise for Ministerial defalcations in their diplomacy with America ; and, thirdly, to assume an independent part, and promise that justice should be done, though the heavens should fall. So far the Solictor-General. TlmEs.—From the beginning of the American war: the Federal Government has shown itself equally anxious to inspire fear and goodwill among the English people. Under theimpression that there existed among the politicians of this country a de sire to [recognise the seceded States at the first opportunity, if not to aid the establishment of their independence by force, the rulers at Washington have, by themselves or their emissaries, made use of two kinds of reasoning, and sought to appeal to two different instincts. One class of orators and writers will tell of nothing but the power of the Union, the speedy collapse of the insurrection, and the final punishment which is to overtake all who refuse their sympathies to the North in the hour of trial. England is to be deterred from any hostile act by the fear of offending an irresistible nation, which its representatives declare to be even now kept with difficulty from resenting the insults we have offered. Mr. Seward's verbose despatches, Mr. Sumner's bitter invectives and misrepresenta tions, and generally the whole current of public speaking in America, are addressed to this object. But, at the same time, there have not been wanting men to work for the same purpose in a different manner. While those who take the defiant line have been exclaiming, " Only wait till our civil war is over," another class of persons have been intrusted with the task of friendiy and fraternal expostula tion, and have endeavoured to bring public opinion in this country to their side by appeals to political, or religious, or philanthropic feeling. It need hardly be said that these attempts have failed. The Liberal party, identified as it is with the cause of popular government and negro emancipation, has not from its long list of eminent men given a single supporter to Mr. Lincoln's confiscations and con scriptions. But, rejected by the educated opinion of the country, the Federal emissaries think that they have sail some chance of success with the well meaning but narrow-minded class which can see nothing ;n this war but a question of slavery against abolition. To enlist the feelings of the emancipationists on behalf of the Northern invasion and to exhibit England as approving the war by pointing to the sentiments that were uttered and cheered at crowded meetings, would . be a triumph for a Federal orator, and we cannot wonder that we have had a number of them in succession playing the chief part at Abolitionist and philanthropic gatherings throughout the country. The most im portant of these gentlemen appears to be Mr. Henry Ward Beecher, who has been lecturing at various places to a more or less discordant audience on the great question of the day, and who spoke at Exeter-hall last evening under the patronage of the Emancipation Society. Mr. Beecher comes from America with the best of all, credentials as an orator. The sittings at his church are regularly put up to auction, and produced last year the sum of 18,549 dollars. That he is possessed of gifts of speech such as are appreciated highly across the ocean is evident from these figures ; but whether his oratory is suited to the colder Briton, accustomed to associate elevated sub jects with a chaste and decorous language, we are inclined to doubt. Indeed, in his own coun try there are malevolent critics who object to his style and deride the taste of his congregation. From his late orations we are now able to form an esti mate of his talents ; and certainly in our judgment he is not the man to convert the British public to the Federal cause. Unless his speeches here are very unworthy samples of his genius, we must con clude that the religious politicians of America are pretty much on a par in conception and language with the politicians proper, and that the pulpit is not more intellectually elevated than the stump. Last evening he made a summary of the arguer ents which, he tells us, he has used since he •has been in this country, and added others which were to com plete she' impression in his favour. Mr. Beecher's audience heard again the whole story of the politi , calesinflicts which preceded secession, and were in formed that it was impossible for his Government to draw back from the work it had begun until the devastation of the; South was complete. War had justified the proclamation of Mr. Lincoln, and was itself justified by the necessity of maintaining entire the territory of the Union. We should have ex pected that in this the final address delivered in the metropolis and in the traditional temple of Aboli tionism, there would have been something more original and more humane than is produced by the ordinary Federal politicians. But Mr. Beecher's address is but a repetition of what may have been read in the Federal newspapers anytime since the outbreak of the war. For instance, somebody had asked Mr. Beecher why he would not let the South go peaceably. " Oh," he answers, "if the Southerners would only go, we would furnish them with a free passage ; but then we say, ' That terri tory which you inhabit is ours, and we do not choose to have it wrested from us.' " This argu ment, which would exactly suit a Russian discours ing of Poland, or an Austrian official defending the tabula rasa in Hungary, is the most convincing that the speaker can find for a London audience brought together for alleged sympathy for human freedom. Again, the war which has already filled a continent with mourning is to be persisted in that a flagitious violation of the freedom of vote may not be suffered to pass with impunity. In order to make the matter clearer to the English intelligence, this group et American States, containing six or seven millions of white people, and extending over nearly a million of square of miles, is compared to the county of Kent ; and the Exeter-hall audience are seriously asked whether they would suffer Kent to set up for itself as an independent kingdom on the southern coast. It need hardly be said that when a speaker who is conversant with his subject has no better and newer arguments than these to produce anyt thoroughlyh er e n e w is e le elucidation. examinediddean n .and thatthe lvais question has been looknoitn li kely vain f any receive rea soning from Mr. Beecher's lips which should induce us to .sympathise with the objects for which his party are striving. He makes great efforts to show that this ie a struggle in which we and Europe gene rally are interested; but he involuntarily and un consciously returns from general interests to those "Feel w furhicha us, are exclusively' u inlasiuvely9-, pray American and sectional. for our success," such is his request to the English religious would, " for we desire to keep our large territory, we desire to incease the strength of the Federal Government, to pat down the theory of States rights as danger oussuch is the sum of his to our nationality. argument. ore his eyes, pre ealfset,hientdiemede,bceafn he say ? Can pre tend d with a thethat th e W events hat principles of self-government, which make the safety of England, can be advanced by the subjection of a lam population to m ilitary rule for an indefinite term ? Already the evil example of the Federal States is seen in the boldnass with which the Russian Government in Poland h.ravhes the censure of the world. 'Th e reco g nition of t e principle that we are to applaud the rep i r i es u si n o w n i e l i l t i e n t'- cised by established Governments a populations, on the gr ound that the territory.boelonggs to the ruling Power, an d that the only right the inhabitants have is to expatr iate themselves, would be equally baneful iu its effects ou other parts of Europe. We leave out of account the arguments which Mr. Beecher both last night rip datot lit;r times has addressed to our material interests. He told us last night that division in America would tend to keep up armies which would be f or midable to us. He told the people of Liverpool a fe w days since that when the South is conquered there will be a better market than ever for oar cottons. All this is en tirely useless for the purpose of obtaining the good will of the English public. All through this war our ' conduct has been regulated by a' strict regard to ' law, and our sympathies by what we conceived to be the rights of the contending parties. We have acted and felt with as little selfishness as is possible to a nation. History has proved—the history at many Quixotic and bootless wars—that there is no people less influenced by considerations of material gain and loss than our own. Mr. Beecher, if he learnt his history from American manuals, may be excused for not knowing this ; but it is true, never theless. Let him then avoid telling us what we are to get by applauding the invading armies of President Lincoln ; let him rather inform us why, in the name of justice, humanity, and commcn sense, we are to forsake the cause of peace and give our voices for the continuance of this wasting and endless contest. Another year is drawing tm a close, another period of inactivity has to be passed. through. Daring this liime the passions of the com batants may possibly grow cooler and give a chance of a settlement. Are we, just at this moment, when the war is again happily languishing, to goad on the Federals to .another year's slaugh ter at the bidding of a clerical politician ? We think that there will be but one answer front the intelligent society of England. Those cheers which any fluent speaker on any side of a question can obtain will represent no opinion worthy of seri ous consideration by politicians. The mind of this country is made up ; in three years it has had time to fix itself so as to be wholly unchangeable; and the opinion of the nation is, that Mr. Beecher'a section of the late Union is waging a war of in justice under the influence of an ambition with which the world in general has no reason to sympathise. HEALTH OF THE METROPOLIS. (From the Registrar-General's Weekly Return.) There were 1,205 deaths registered in London in the week that ended on Saturday. Of these 610 occurred under 20 years of age, 361 at 20 years and under 60, and 234 at 60 years and more advanced ages. In comparing the present results with those of previous weeks there is found to be a decrease in the deaths of young persons, but an increase in those of the aged part of the population. The average number of deaths in the ten corresponding weeks of 1853-62 (viz., the 42d in each of those years) be comes, after the omission of deaths from epidemic cholera in 1854, and with a correction for increase of population, 1,149. The present return, therefore, exhibits an excess o 56 over the corrected average. Twenty-nine cases of smallpox were returned, a number which shows, little variation from the weekly results ob tained during the last two months, The mortality from smallpox is considerably reduced, bat the disease still mani fests its presence in various districts over London, appa rently without attaching itself to any particular spot. The deaths from scarlatina were 114; they exhibit a de cline on the heavy returns of scarlatina in pr evious weeks. Fifteen deaths occurred in St Pancras, 8 in Islington, 5 in Limehouse, 4 in Bow, 4 in Kensington Town subdistrict, As the weather grows colder bronchitis begins to be more fatal—there were 94 deaths from it in the week. A house painter, aged 56, died of colic° pictorum (lead colic). A horse-keeper died of delirzum tremens, excited by a wound in his left thumb from a horse's tooth. Last week the births of 1,001 boys and 938 girls, in all 1,939 children, were registered in London. In the ten cor responding weeks of the years 185362 the average number (corrected) was 1,843. At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean height of the barometer in the week was 29.494 in. The reading fell to 29.16 in. on Tuesday, and rose to 29.95 in. on Satur day. The mean temperature of the air in the week was 53.8 deg., which is 3.6 deg. above the average of the same week in 43 years (as determined by Mr. Glaisher). The mean daily temperature was above the average throughout the week. The highest day temperature was 631 deg. on Wednesday. The lowest night temperature was 46.9 deg. on Saturday. The range of temperature in the week was therefore 16.8 deg. The mean daily range was 11.9 deg. The difference between the mean dew-point temperature and air temperature was 5.1 deg. The mean degree of humidity of the air was 84, complete saturation being re - presented by 100, which point was actual attained on Thursday. The wind was in the south-east and south west throughout the week. The amount of rain was 0.29 in., which fell on five days. The mean of the highest tem perature of the water of the Thames was 56.5 deg, ; that of the lowest was 54.3 deg. COUNTRY MARKETS. .r.. ~. LEE D S -TUESDAY. The market is a little more active for wheat to-day, and last Tuesday's rates are about maintained. Fine barley at fully last week's prices, but secondary sorts disposed of with difficulty. Oats and beans easier to purchase. LIVERPOOL—TuEsDAY. At our market to-day there was a moderate attendance of the trade, but only a slow sale was experienced for wheat, at the currencies of last Tuesday. Best flour saleable at former rates, but inferior difficult to move and prices are irregular. Indian corn rather neglected, but prime mixed could not generally be bought under 28s. Beans 3d dearer. Oats at late rates, and the sale of oatmeal checked by the advance. MARKET HARBOROUGH-TUESDAY. White wheat, 40s to 44s ; red, 38s to 42s per 36 stone. Malting barley at 36s to 38s per qr.; grinding, 288 to 31s per 30 st. Oats, old, 26s to 30s; new, 22/3 to 258 per 24 st. ; beans, 368 to 408. per qr. SHEFFIELD-TUESDAY. The supply of wheat in sack was small and the number of samples below the average. The attendance was thin. Fine wheat scarce, at the extreme rates of last week ; for inferior qualities a slow sale at 6d per load less money. Malting barley 6d to is per qr lower. Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial bushels 15s Od to 17s Od White ~ , l7s 6d to 19s Od New red , , 15s 6d to lis Od New white ll If , 178 Od to 18s Od Beans i .7) 11 lss Od to 17s 6d Peas, per qr 40s Od to 44s Od Grinding barley, per qr 305 Oil to 32s Oct Malting ditto, ~ 34s Od to 38s Od Oats 7 , 22s Od to 24s Od Flour, la sd, is 7d, and is 9d per 14 lb. MELTON MOWBRAY—TuEsDAy. The following were the currencies :—New white wheat, 43s Od to 45s Od; new red,l37s Od to 42s per 36 stone; beans, 39s to 42s for old ; new sorts, 36s to 38s per 38 st. ; barley, 36s to 38s for malting, and 29s to 31s per qr. for grinding; new oats, 20s to 23s Od per 24 stone ; old, 26a to 28s. C 0 RK-T UESDAY. The following were the quotations this morning :—Red wheat, 7s 3d to 93.0 d ; white, 8s Od to 9s Od , barley, 53 3d to 8s Od ; oats, 5s Od.to 6s 4d ; black do., 3s 6d to 5s 4d ; here, 6s. DUBLIN• :TUESDAY. A small supply of wheat, as Friday last. Indian corn e. (1. s. d. Wheat, white.. 23 0 to 25 6 Do., red .. 20 oto 2310 Do., new .... 0 to 0 j Barley Oats Do., black — 0 to 0 but large of oats ; prices same met some inquiry. _ s. d. s. d. Beans.. B ere Rapeseed Oatmeal ll 6 to 13 0 Bakers' flour Indian corn Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton Oct. 19. via Marseilles Nov. 12. brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. Nov. 4. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension , and St. H e l ena O c t. 29. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton Ost. 19. via Marseilles Oct. 27- Falkland Islands ............... Gibraltar, via Southampton Oct. 19. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Oct. 26 . via Marseilles Oct. 27. India (Bombay), via Southampton Oct. 26. via Marseilles Oct. 21. Portugal.... Nov. 4. Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Oct. 19. via Marseilles Oct. 21. Newfoundland Oporto and Vigo .. .. U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.... Oct. 22. by U.S. packet.... by Canadian packet. Oct. 23. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe .. Nov. 10. Bahamas, via New York ........ Oat. 22. Mexico. All parts of West Indies, including Chili, P eru _ California. and British Columbia.. ......... Oct. 29. Births. AYLWARD.—On the 19th inst., atWinchester, Hants, Mrs. D. B. Aylward, of a son. RoxTow.—On the 17th inst., at Ham House, Upton, the wife of E. N. Buxton, Esq., of a daughter. CoNYERs.—On the 18th inst., at Wellesbourne, Warwick, the Lady Conyers, of a daughter. SomEnviLLE.--On the 19th at Somerville, Navan, the wife of Sir William Somerville, Bart., of a daughter, Marriages. BAILEY— WILDE.-021 the 20th inst., at Saint George's, Bloomsbury, Charles Fred. Bailey, Esq., of 5, Stratford^ place, London, and Lee, Lynton, North Devon, to Emily Jeannette, eldest daughter of Charles Norris Wilde, Esq., and the Hon. Mrs. C. N. Wilde, of 17, Russell-square. DEICING—UNDERWOOD.—On the 20th inst., at St. James's, Paddington, Henry Nevill, sec end son of Sir Edward C. Daring, Bart., M.P., ll.M.'s Secretary of Legation at Berne, to Rosa, daughter of Joseph Underwood, Esq., of 5, Hyde -park-gardens. Deaths. ANSTRUTTIER.—On the 18th inst., at Balcaskie, Fifeshiref Sir Italph Ab ercromb i e Anstrnt h er, B art., aged 59. AsHmArt.—On the 13th inst., at Lower Gannicox Howe, near Stroud, Henry Ashman, Esq., formerly of Long' acre, aged 74. DAVIS.—O n the 17th inst., at 13,Chatham-place, Hackney) Edward Davis, Esq., aged 65. FonnEs.—On the 19th ir st., at 23, Clifton-grove, Apylunr road, George Forbes, Esq., aged 59. GRANT.—On the 18th inst., William Forsyth Grant, Esq., of Ecclesgreig, Montrose, N.B. LANGSTON.—On the 19th inst., at Sarsden, Jas. Hangton Langston, Esq., MX., aged 68. London • Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDUENe, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN Office No. 1 1 ' ! ' Strand, in the Precinct of the 3avoy, n the County 01 kiiidlCOVN.—WedllCOdaY, October 21, 1i63.