The Sun. — London, England, 1854-02-09 00:00:00

THEATRE ROYAL DRITRY-LAYE. Lessee, Mr. E. T. Smith. THIS EVENING, FRB. 9, y{►SII be performed THE LADY OF LYONS. Characters by Yam. G. V. Brooke, Belton, Morgan, and Yonnge ; Miss Cathcart, Wm Walton. To conclade with KING HUMMLNGTOP ; or, Harlequin and tke Land of Toys, TIE.ATBE ROYAL, HAYMARKET. rtaw the teanegeteeat at Mr. Beekatone. THIS ETE.TITO, Fn. 9, Will be perfbrased THE LADY OF LYOS9. Characters by Visas. Howe, H. Corri, gagers, Ckippendale, George Yandenholt and Was Reynolds. After which. the Grand CIIIIIITMAS PANTOMIME, call. d ILLRLZQUIN AND THE THReE HEAR • ; or, Little Silverttair Sid the F Met ColanOlne, ills X. Brown; 11,rlequin, Mr. J. Marshall; Pantaloon, Mr. W. A. Barnes; Clown. Mr. H. Marshall. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXPOaD-STREET. 17ndar the Management of Mr. CaAZUSAs. THIS EVENDTG, Fits. 9, Will be performed THE RIVALS. Characters by Mearcj ir • Lacy, Harley, Meadows, T. Vining, Mellon, and Addla ,, n lfinstanley, Mrs. W. Lacy, Miss Heath, and Miss C. Leciercq After which vslll be presented the new Grand CHRIST st As PAN TO3IIME, entitled HA.RLEQUIg Ad i THE MILLER t I) HIS MEN; or, King Salamandar and the Fairy of the Azur._ Lake. Harlequin, Mr. Corma:7l; Clown, Mr. Huline ; Pantaloon, Mr. Paulo ; and Columbine, Miss Desborough. LYCEUM THEATRE. Under the Management of Madame Vestris. THIS EVENING, F. 9, Will be performed A BACHELOR OF ARTS. Characters by Messrs. C. Mathews, F. !Matthews, and Baker; Miss F. Hughes. After which, the original Fairy Extravaganza, called ONCE UPON A TIME THERE WERE TWO KINGIS. Principal cha racters by Mr. Wright and Madame Veatris. To conclude with PATTER VERSUS CLATTER. THEATRE ROYAL tDELPHI Proprietor, Mr. B. Webeter.—Directress, Had,, e Celeste. EVENING, Pim 9, Will be presented the highly Popular New NaLltical Melo-drama le Ave taoleaux. w ith new scenery, the See o f Ice, &c., Raw dresses and appoin tm e n ts . LOST VII? A go THE WILD FLO WER OF MEXICO. ME Principal characters by Messrs. B. Webster, Keeley, Paul Bedford, 0. Selby. Fem ale. Marsden, ftc.; Madame Celeste, Mrs. Leigh dig 1 . hum r. Haskell, Itc. To legendary b e followed by the popular and enti re l y New grand Specta cla Christmas piece, in t wo acts, with new scenery. w dremea. machinery, and appointment 4, cell e d gni nE,; gip, or THE SPIRIT BREW:. Priucipal characters by Madame Celeste, Mrs- Kee le Y , Miss VV°°l " r, Mise M. Keeley, Mss C u thb er t, Mi ss c. narding; Messrs. Paul Bedford, J. Rogers, Romer, G. Lee, &c. ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Wigan. THIS EVENING, FEL 9, Will be performed THE FIRST NIGHT. Characters by Messrs. Alfred Wigan, Leslie, Lindon, Harwood Cooper, and Vincent ; Miss F. Horton, and Miss Wyndham. After which, THE BENGAL TIGER. Principal characters by MOWN. Alfred Wigan, Leslie, and F. Robson ; and Mrs. A. Wigan. Followed by THE WANDEROW MINSTREL. STRAND THEATRE. Sole Lessee, Mr. F. W. Allcroft.—Directress, Miss Rebecca Isaacs THIS EVENING, Fla. 9, ill Wbe performed 'T WAS I. Principal character by Miss Fanny Reeves. After which, the new grand Comic Christmas Pantomime. entitled HARLEQUIN AND KING NUTCRACKER; or, The World of Toys. Clown, by the inimitable Flexmore ; Harlequin, Mr. Bologna ; Pantaloon, Mr. Griffiths ; Columbine, M.l.m (Toward. Followed by HUNTING A TURTLE. To conclude with THE OMNIBUS. Stalls, 5g.; Boxes, 35.; Pit, Is. 6d; Gallery, 6d. ; Private Boxes, Ils. 6d., to be had 01 Mr. Allcroft, 15, New Bond-street. ASTLEY'S EUROPE'S NATIONAL AMPHITHEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. William Cooke. Extraordinary combination of attraction—The Performing Ele phants, whose wondrous feats and hitherto unheard of incredibl performances now share their nightly triumphs with their petit • rival LE SINGE SAVANT; or, Nimble Marmozet. He is indee • another wonder, for his tricks and exercises are achieved with sue , human-like action, that the beholder can readily Imagine he I watching In a mirror the reflective actions of a man. In addition to these " Zoolo;ical Stars," the Grand Chinese Spectacle (which has reached its 54th night). The Inimitable Scenes of the Arena, and the successful and gorgeous Pantomime, forming the most novel ant unparalleled entertainment ever offered to the public. THIS EVENING, Fla 9, and during the week, THE W[tE ELEPHANTS OF THE EAST, or THE MAGIC GO' G, in wh!ch Mr William Cooke's Ifat:hles9 Scenes of the CIRCLE, and the Grand Comic Pantomime o , BILLY BUT Mg's JOURNLY TO BRESTFORD; or, Harlequin and the Ladles' Favourite. Bo:-office open worn Eleven till Four. Stags Manager, &U. W West. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. /Ins DAT —Morning 36 inin.after n I Evening 0 min.aft. 0 Ta-3fozzow— Morning 12 cnin.after 12 Evening 40 rnin.art. 12 'TAE VirEA'rflEß.—Sus OPPICII, FIB. 9. THERHOIECTER, IN THE SPADE. 49—highest since noon yesterday. 44—lowest this morning and during the night. 45—this day at noon. BABOHETICII, 30'09. WIND, N.N.W. to N . :SP.—Strong breeze, and squally. Morning fine, dry, clear weather—afternoon rain, with a heavy shover of hailstones. . ,;- .-„, ~„ , .... ~..__ , M . .b T, it r4,-4:4#7*.+,74 t, irt...,,_,„,, • • , . LONDON, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 9, 1854. We are virtually at war ! A war too which cannot be a little one ; and which may prove ♦ery tedious, expensive, and prejudicial to the best interests of the United Kingdom, unless it be carried on with unbending resolution and un ceasing energy. Whatever may be said or thought j as to the propriety of exhausting the means of peace, there can be no second opinion as to the necessity of showing to the AUTOCRAT that Eng land is really in earnest, and that he is grievously mistaken if he supposes that she can be bullied or cajoled into submission to his insolent dictation or connivance with his nefarious projects. Hostilities can no longer be averted by any amount of strength or display of preparation. We have, although unwillingly, been driven into a corner, and fight we must, if we would not become the shame and reproach of all future generations—if we would not forfeit the honour so gallantly won, and nobly maintained by our progenitors throughout all ages, and give our children cause to blush for their degenerate parents. Indeed, putting all higher motives out of the question-- disregarding all thoughts of honour, integrity, and glory, as things merely calculated to amuse children of a larger growth, and viewing matters only through an £s. d. medium, we shall find that the most vigorous and decisive is also the wisest policy ; for the duration and ex pence of the war, as well as the amount of bloodshed and misery thereby occasioned will chiefly, if not altogether, depend on the deter mination and firmness displayed at the very outset. Every shilling applied in the first instance will save pounds at some future period. The speedy destruction of the Russian navy and arsenals will prevent a continuance of bloodshed, and eventually, perhaps, a war of necessity, when every British subject will be compelled to fight a l'outrance for the protection of his liberty, his religion —nay, even of his very existence. It must be obvious to every man of ordinary experience, who does not regard history merely as a collection of old almanacks, from the perusal whereof neither profit nor pleasure can arise— that we must, as in the olden time, rely on "our wooden walls," on the exertions of that Navy which has never been wanting in the dark hour of trial, but has proved itself adequate to encounter every emergency. We must, once again, look to the British fleet as our chief safeguard, as the means by which, under PROVIDENCE, the belligerent movements may be brought to a speedy and satis factory conclusion. We have no intention of slighting or undervaluing the efforts of the other branch of the " United Service." We have no doubt that, whenever occasion may arise, the British army will not merely efficiently, but nobly discharge its duty ; that our soldiers will prove etuselves worthy of those who have fought and bled in ever, clime, almost in every land. But under pre sent ci rcumstances the brunt of the battle must be sust ained by our seamen . Th e i rs i s a* present the post of difficulty and of honour, and those who have so well performed their part when the occasion required, should not envy their maritime brethren the °PPort 'ties of distinction and glory now afforded. It is, then, to our navy we must look at thi s moment' and every thing re lating to that navy is not only of paramount in terest, but even of vit a l importance . present crisis. during the The Earl of RARnvricrKE, on Tuesday night, brought forward, in the House of Lords, certain grievances to which the Senior officers of the navy have been and still are subjected. matters touched on by the Noble and Gallant The Lord are well worthy of attentive considera tion, and, where grievances really exist,mom oft ample redress. But our concern at this e n is with the Base, rather than the Summit o f the Pyramid—with the able Seamen, rather than the Admirals of the Royal Navy. There is no doubt that at any moment we may find Ad mirals and Captains in abundance to whom we bak7 wthesitatingly entrust our honour, aye, and (Air safety. Ma n y on th e ac tive list may be suffering under the infirmities incidental to advanced age and increasing infirmity, but still we have an t supply of well•qualified leaden for • •-• ,-..n.sr. any possible emergency. It is not Ad mirals to command, but men to fight that are required —we want the thews and sinews, the athletic, experienced tars, who have never failed when their exertions were required, and who went to the fray even more joyously than to the banquet. We may find the officers for one or twenty men-of-war even in a single day, but how longwould it take to obt a i n su it a bl e crews , in whom we could, as of yore, pl ace i m pli c it con fidence ? That is the question to which a speedy answer is imperatively required—the problem, on the due solution whereof the welfare, the pros perity, nay, more, the safety of the United King dom, at this moment depends. It is, however, essential here to avoid the pos sibility of misconception or deliberate miscon struction. Let it not for a moment be supposed that we are disposed to undervalue the importance, the vital importance, of a wise and judicious selection of leaders ! Far from it ! We are too well aware of the effect produced on seamen by their feelings towards the officers, and more especially the commander-in-chief under whom they are required to serve, when they can re pose implicit confidence on the skill, experience, and, above all, the indomitable gallantry of the Admiral—the quality best expressed by the English term, " pluck." Their exertions will be doubled—aye, quadrupled. They will not hesitate to undertake any task, however arduous, that their leader may direct—for they know that a good officer is chary of the lives of his followers; that he will ask nothing which may not be accom plished; that his reputation is too well established to require the sacrifice of any of his men in a hopeless or desperate undertaking. What can be done, they will do, and he will ask no more. Besides, even the humblest seaman looks for the appreciation of a competent judge, and a simple word of approbation from good commander will send him to his hammock a proud and happy man, amply remunerated for what he had achieved, and willing again to encounter any per sonal risk or labour for a similar reward. It was that which made the mere name of "NELSON" a tower of strength in the olden time, more valu able than ten additional sail of the line, fully manned and equipped with ten thousand gallant hearts on board. It is that which would make the name of "CHARLIE NAPIER," even at the present day, a guarantee for success. In speaking of Sir C. NAPIER we wish not to undervalue any other officer. But, we believe, that he is unanimously looked to by the country as the Commander of the Baltic Fleet, just as his glorious cousin, the departed hero of Meannee and Hyderabad, was for the Indian command when the emergency arrived. Such an office is not, under present cir cumstances, to be regarded as a piece of ordinary patronage, or as the reward for political servility. "Detur digniori" may be inscribed on the commission, and those who would now look to any other test but skill and ability would have much to answer for. With such a leader as Sir CHARLES NAPIER, and seconds in command like Rear-Admirals CORRY and CHADS, there would be little, if anything, to be desired. The victory would already be more than half accomplished. But " revenous a nous mouton." We can, as we have stated, obtain the inestimable services of these gallant officers at a moment's notice. The question now to be answered is—What are the means for manning our fleets ? It is obvious that we cannot now depend on the barbarous system of impressment that was so freely resorted to in the olden time. It is, at least, the last resource—one which could only be thought of as a matter of necessity, when every other resource had failed, and when through some unaccountable cause every legimate inducement had proved unavailing, and British sailors had shrunk fromencountering an enemy, from maintaining the honour of the Briitish flag, or defending their native land from invasion. Even when that prac tice prevailed—when it was thought right and proper to drag men from their homes to compul sory service, it became a well-known maxim that " one volunteer was worth two pressed men ;" and its truth would be even more powerfully illustrated at the present day. What, then, are we to do to man our fleets— to attract competent and efficient men to our standard, we must remove the grievances of which such repeated complaints have been made, and offer attractions at least equal, if not superior, to those afforded in the mercantile marine ; and we must also show the full value of these induce meats, for the object will totally fail unless the parties whom we wish to come forward volun tarily are perfectly aware of the advantages to be derived from entering into the public service. The true way to get good men is to pay them well ; and as we know how much a bounty is . looked to by persons of that class, why, we ask, not offer a fair, nay, even a liberal bounty, to ex perienced sailors. The offer of 101., 71., or 51. per head for able seamen, according to skill and qua lifications, in addition to pay and rations, would bring the required number in loss than a single month, and even by a judicious distribution of landsmen among tried and competent sailors, we might very speedily obtain efficient crews. One vessel in commission might be made the means of getting two, or even three vessels, more particu larly steam vessels, into good working condition. We say steam vessels, for it is notorious that it is to steam we must chiefly look, and steam itself would supply the place of many seamen. We could thus at once double or even treble our present force in commission. We have merely indicated the direction of the movement. Of course, other advantages might ind ought to be offered to volunteers. A speedy discharge might safely be promised the moment the pressure was relaxed. Every reasonable in dulgence should likewise be given consistent with discipline. The men should not be kept close prisoners to gratify the caprice of any Martinet. By attending to these matters promptly and judi ciously we may overcome every difficulty. Of course, if when war was actually proclaimed— when everything was at hazard—the men resisted every reasonable offer, and still unaccountably hung back it might become essential to resort to other and more stringent measures to enforce the observance of an imperative duty on every citizen. But we cannot believe that such would be re quired, and they could not for a moment be justi fied until every other means had decisively and unequivocally failed, and no rational explanation could be afforded of the extraordinary failure. A congratulatory banquet, it will be observed, was given last evening to the originator of that humane and rational agitation which effected last session the repeal of the duty hitherto levied upon Advertisements. It was given at the Whittington Club—the distinguished recipient of the honour, the Right Hon. THOMAS MILNEZ GIBSON, receiving this well-deserved mark of respect and approval from the Association founded for promoting the abrogation of the laws imposing taxes upon knowledge. Assuredly, no recent benefactor of the multitude has more entirely merited any such evidence of popular approbation. No one amongst the practical philanthropists whose labours have been extended over the last few years, and the fruits of whose benevolent energy and generous perseverance are now being enjoyed by the com munity--if we make perhaps two exceptions, namely, that of HILL, the originator of the Penny Postage, and Small, the Inventor of the Screw Propeller. From the ingenious labours of the two note-worthy individuals last mentioned the people of these islands are daily and almost hourly deriving a scarcely calculable series of benefactions. From the achievement of the former (HILL) the blessings of cheap, and secure, and rapid correspondence ; from the achievements of the latter (Surrrt) the blessings of more safe, more speedy, and more economical maritime locomotion. But after those admirable i mprovements, that accomplished in 1853 by Mr. G ll3 sell must be mentioned in almost equally fervent, an d in some respec t s, we m i ght venture to add w ith out extravaaancof i n yet more earnest words of cannot, gratitude and admiration. For we as rational observers, regard the repeal of the duty on advertisements as anything less important or I 'm remarkable than a. 3 the pre! THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY ETENING, FEBRUARY 9, 1854. liminary to the comprehensive abolition of the taxes upon knowledge. It must pot be forgotten, however, that other men besides Mr. GinsoN, are, in reference to the subject here specified, as his abettors and auxilia ries, peculiarly deserving of most thankful remem brance. It were ungracious, for example, in this re gard to lose for one moment a recollection of the efficient exertions made in the good cause, session after session, by Mr. EWART, as it would be alto gether monstrous to overlook the noble efforts ad ventured upon in a similar direction, and with a kindred object, by men toiling strenuously and assiduously onwards to the goal of indirect national education, outside the walls of the legislative palace at Westminster. Meaning, of course, by these sufficiently explicit al lusions to the admirable endeavours made in London by CHARLES KNIGHT and in Edin burgh by the Brothers CHAMBERS, to place within reach of the poorer classes of the population the inestimable boon of a cheap but wholesome litera ture, nay, more, much more even than that of a classic, and elevating, and eminently instructive literature. It was a curious and beautiful indi cation of the progress which was being made to wards the more effectual development of this sys tem of indirect national education—the appearance of some of the most popular writers of the age, both male and female, as the founders and editorial conductors of really cheap, because at the same time they are really first-class, periodicals. Re ference, it must be obvious, is here made to the issue some few years back of the initial numbers of Household Words, emblazoned on every page with the name of CHARLES DICKENS, and of that sister serial the Journal, which carries in its very title the name of ELIZA COOK as the guarantee of its pervading excellence. Besides these, there are other prominent labourers in the same glorious field of intellectual improvement of the popula tion. As must be obvious enough to every one at all familiar with the enterprise displayed of late, year after year, in regard to elementary works, by JOHN CASSELL, and a reference to standard works of a miscellaneous character, published with such munificence and profusion by the re markable firm presided over by GEORGE ROUT LEDGE. It should, moreover, be mentioned as a circumstance commanding, upon this topic, the attention of the journalist, and extorted from the most phlegmatic the tokens of applause, and even of unaffected admiration, that the most eminent publishing houses in this country—the house, for example, of the LONGMANS and the house of MURRAY—have set an example worthy of general imitation, by the issue, one by one, in a cheap form, of a succession of masterly publica,- tions. Remembering all these things pre serving them, indeed, vividly in our recollection, we cannot but consider it to have been singu larly judicious on the part of the promoters of the festive scene of last evening, at the Whit tington Club, to accord that mark of the popular gratitude and admiration cherished towards the chief of all the enemies of the taxes upon know ledge within the walls of the Imperial Parliament. DEPARTURE OP BARON BRUNOW. Baron Brunow left town yesterday afternoon, by the 4.30 p.m. express train on the South-Eastern Railway, for Dover. His Excellency was received at the station by Captain Barlow, superintendent of the railway, and Mr. Herbert, the secretary. Daring the short interval which elapsed between his arnsal at London-bridge and the departure of the train, the Baron and the members of his suite were accommodated in the board-room. A carriage was reserved for his Excellency's use, and as he passed up the platform he was received with the respect ful salutations of the few persons assembled. On reaching Dover, at seven o'clock, the Baron proceeded to Bir mingham's Royal Ship Hotel, where he intended to pass the night, and cross the Channel to Calais by the South Eastern Company's boat at eleven o'clock this morning. THE ENROLLED NAVAL PENSIONERS. PORTSMOUTH, FRE. 8. An order has been promulgated at this port this after noon, of which the following is a copy • ` 0 All Greenwich pensioners under 60 years of age, no matter how employed or engaged, are directed to at tend at the Pension-office between this day and Satur day next, for the purpose of receiving a printed form to attend on Tuesday, the 14th inst., for inspection by officers from the Admiralty to ascertain their fitness for service. If this notice is not attended to they will be subject to loss of pension. "Feb. 8, 1854." COURT CIRCULAR. WINDSOR, FEB. 8. Her INl,jesty, attended by the Marchioness of Ely, drove to the Cumberland-lodge School this morning, Major-General Buckley was in attendance on horse. back. His Royal Highness Prince Albert rode out on horse back, attended by Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. A. Gordon. The Earl and Countess of Ellesmere and Lady Alice Egerton have been invited, and are expected to-day. The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council sat yes terday, and heard Aube's petition for a prolongation of patent (carding wool). Their lordships also heard Jones's petition for a prolongation of patent (starch). CABINET COUNCIL.—A Cabinet Council was held yes terday afternoon at the Foreign-office, Downing -street. The Ministers present were—the Earl of Aberdeen, Lord John Russell, the Marquis of Lansdowne, the Lord Chancellor, Earl Granville, Viscount Palmerston, the Earl of Clarendon, the Duke of Newcastle, the Chan cellor of the Exchequer, Sir James Graham, Sir Charles Wood, the Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, and Sir William Molesworth. The Council sat three hours. THE EARL OF DERBY'S BANQUET.—Yesterday even ing the Earl of Derby gave his fourth Parliamentary banquet this season to a distinguished party of noble men and gentlemen of the House of Commons, at his mansion, St. James's-square. The guests included Viscount Galwey, M.P., Viscount Newport, M.P., Lord Hotham, M.P., Lord Ossulston, M.P., Lord Alexander Gordon Lennox, M.P., Lord John Manners, M.P., Lord Charles Clinton ' M.P., Lord C. Hamilton, M.P., Lord Stanley, M.P., Right Hon. Sir John Pakington, M.P , Right Hon. R. A. Christopher, M.P., Admiral Walcott, M.P., Admiral Sir Thomas Herbert, M.P., General Wyndham, M P., Hon. Mr. Fellowes, M.P., Hon. W. S. Knox, M.P., Sir Fitzroy Kelly, M.P., Colonel Bol der°, M.P., Mr. Miles, M.P., Mr. Augustus Stafford, M.P., Mr. Horsey, M.P., Mr. Portal, M.P., Mr. Hild yard, M.P., Mr. Franklin, M.P., M r . F rewen , M . P ., Mr. Dodd, M.P., Mr. Knight, M.P., Mr. Dupre, M.P. Colonel Taylor, M.P. The venerable and gallant Marquis of Anglesea, in answer to inquiries last evening at Lrabridge House. Burlington-street, was stated to be still improving. The Marquis of Lansdowne entertained a select party at dinner last evening, at Lansdowne House. The Marquis and Marchioness of Ailesbury have arrived in Grosvenor-square from Tottenham Park, near Marlborough, Wilts. The noble Lord President, the Earl Granville, en tertained at dinner last evening in Bruton street, Lord Aberdeen (Premier), the Bishop of Oxford (Dr. Wilber force), Lord Glenelg, the Marchioness of Ailesbury, Mr. Geo. Cornewall and Lady Theresa Lewis, Mr. Bright, M.P., and Mr. Calcraft. The noble lord will continue his Ministerial and private dinner parties until the close of the session. The Lord Broughton and the Hon. Miss liobhouse, who are staying at Rome, are expected to return to England early in the ensuing month. ---- - - Sir William Molesworth entertained a select circle at dinner last evening, in Eaton-square, after which Lady Molesworth received a se l ec t par t y o f the haut ton. THE SPANISH SUCCESSION.—Letters from Madrid state that the young Princess of Asturias, the only surviving child of the Queen of Spain, is dangerously ill. Her death would once more open the succession to the Duchess of Montpensier. JENNY LIND.—We regret to find that this lady's in tention of visiting England, and of giving a series of concerts in London and in the provinces, which we announced some weeks since, has been nullified by recent occurrences. A communication to this effect has been received from her husband, Otto Goldschmidt—Musical Transcript. CITY OF LONDON THEATRE. —This well-conducted theatre seems to take the lead of the East end ; the houses are nightly crowded to witness A Struggle for Gold, and Mr. Nelson Lee's own pantomime, certainly one of the best of the season. We hear that Mr. Lee is engaged by Mr. William Cooke to write a drama for his establishment, in which a most novel effect is to be in troduced. From the stage experience of the author we doubt not of its success. ANOTHER REDUCTION IN THE PRICE OF BREAD AND COALS. —The bakers of the metropolis have made a further reduction of a halfpenny in the price of the 41b loaf, which can now be obtained at 9d. to 94d., and country bread (unweighed) at 71d. to Bd. per loaf. The retail coal dealers have also lowered their prices from is. 10d. to 2s. per cwt. to is. Bd. and is. 10d. per cwt. The best quality of gas coke can be had at Bd. per bushel, and inferior quality at 7d. per bushel. It is fully expected that before Saturday coals will be reduced in price to ls. 6d. per cwt. THE CUNARD STEAMERS.--We have authority for saying that there is no foundation for the statement that these magnificent steamers have been engaged by Government to convey troops to Turloy.—Timo. MONEY MARKS T AND COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. CITY, TWO O'CLOCK. The sales of cotton at Liverpool yesterday were estimated at 8,000 bales, of which 1,000 American and 1,500 Surat were taken on speculation. The market closed steadily at previous rates. The sales comprised 5,750 American, 100 Pernam and Maranham at 61d. to sid., 60 Bahia at 61d. to 60., 50 Egyptian at 61d., 2,000 Surat at 3d. to 4d., and 100 Sea Island at Is. to 2s. per lb. Rail way Shares were dull. By the ship Ballarat there are advices to the 11th November from Port Philip. Generally, however, the letters are to the 7th. The amount of gold on board is 92,000 ounces, but the general result of the " diggins" during October, as com pared with the like month of 1852, is a falling off in the sums brought down by escort to Melbourne. In October, 1853, the total yield was 109,006 ounces and in Oct., 1852, 364,172 oun ces . Th e probability is, however, that the bad weather pre vented the miners sending down their gold, for it is known that generally thy were doing well. The great falling off is at Mount Alexander. - The letters we have seen are very encouraging. Cases of distress among newly-arrived immigrants were no longer heard of. The markets were good for most imported articles, and the stocks at the mines were low. Money was rather tight, but there was generally a healthy state of affairs. A coal district, ten or twelve miles from the sea coast, bad been discovered in Victoria. The revenue for the year to Sept. 30, 1853, shows an increase of 142 per cent, over the previous year. The Vimeira with the Post-office mail had not arrived out. There are Van Diemen's Land papers to the 2d Nov. Subscriptions were being raised to make up the sum of 17,0001., as a reward for a workable gold field. Flour was steady. The Mexican Minister at this Court, his Excel lency Senor Don J. M. de Castillo y Lanzas, has favoured the Committ ee of M ex i can B on dholders with the subjoined very satisfactory communica tion, which accords much better with the opinion. which the bondholders have formed of the en lightened views of the present Government of Mexico than the direct advices published in the papers of the 4th inst. : " I beg to call your attention to a memorandum, stated to be from the Committee of Mexican Bondholders, which appeared in the naes newspaper of Saturday last. In this extract the Minister of Finance in Mexico is reported to have promised `that as soon as he could dispose of the money which he expects to receive under the treaty with the United States of North America, when concluded, he would make arrangements for the immediate payment of another dividend.' "That this speech, uttered by his Excellency the Minister of Finance, must have reference solely to the first instalment of the said. indemnity, and could not be in tended to express the determination of the Government with respect to the whole amount, I think I may positively affirm. of my own knowledge, as in a communication which I have just received from his Serene Highness the Presi dent on the subject, it is stated emphatically that his first care, after he has succeeded in reducing the national finances to some sort of order, will be directed to the pay ment of the dividends which are overdue, and his best energies devoted, subsequently, to the entire abolition of the debt." In consequence of ill health, Mr. James Capel has resigned his position as chairman of the Com mittee of Spanish Bondholders. We trust sincerely that a successor equally able and disinterested will be found, and that the Committee will not slacken in their exertions on behalf of the certificated holders. The English Funds have exhibited greater firm ness, and upon the intelligence received within the last hour, that the negotiations for peace are still progressing at Vienna, Consols have further im proved. The prices were 911 at the commence ment of business, and are now 92 to 92k, money purchases having been made at the highest of these rates. Notwithstanding these accounts about nego tiations, and the strong belief still entertained among our capitalists that peace will be maintained, we may state upon high authority that there war can be prevented only by the Emperor of Russia accept ing the Vienna propositions, and the Governments of both England and France are resolved to make no further overtures. On the contrary, if hostili ties proceed far, the favourable terms lately offered would not be reproduced. The New 3f per Cents. have been 93i to and the 3 per Cents. 92h- to Exchequer Bills are 17s. to 20s. premium, con tinuing firm. Consols are now flatter at 911 The Foreign Securities have been fairly sup , ported, with a moderate business doing. Mexican Bonds have been at an advance t o 25 1 and 254, owing to the communication from the Minister in London. Spanish 3 per Cents, are firm at 40 to 401, and the Deferred at 18i. Dutch 4 per Cents. are at 92, after being 91g. Russian 5 per Cents. have been done at 104 and 105. Equador Stock is at 4, and Brazilian Old 5 per Cents. are at 97. BRITISH MINES.—A few buyers appeared in the market this day for Alfred Consols, 244 ; Mollands, Bs. Gd. to 9s. ; Tavys, 21 ; Cwm Daren, 15s. to 16s. ; Poltitnores, 20s. to 21s. Gd. ; Great Crinnis, 30s. to 355. ; Wryagau State, .17s. Gd. to 203. ; Sortridge Consols, 15s. to 17s. Gd ; Great Alfred, 30 to 32 ; Wheal Arthur, 30 ; Gills, 2 f r . The following favourable report was received this morn ing from the Molland. mines :—" The lode in the 62 East is 21 feet wide, producing saving work ; the lode standing in the back for the last three or four fathoms behind the end will turn out full one ton of ore per fathom. The 52 East producing good stores of ore, and appears to be opening wider and showing indications of improvement. The stopes in the back of the 42 East will yield one ton to one and a-half ton of good quality ore per fathom." The current prices for the Jamaica Mines not officially quoted are as foll ows :—Metcalfe, i to R premium; Sue River, i to k discount ; Port Royal, i to i premium. The last week's railway receipts ascertained up to this day are in round figures as under : 1854. 1853. Great Western North-Western Brighton ................................ Midland South-Eastern 13,559 11,768 Great Northern .................... 18,761 13,552 Caledonian, and Edin. and Glasgow 13,608 12,478 Lancashire and Yorkshire 17,796 17,273 York and North Midland, Newcas tle and Berwick, Leeds Northern 26,487 23,111 R a il wa y Shares are looking up again, and at the present moment they may be quoted rather high er than in the official list below given, and which is not made up to quite so late an hour as that at which we are now writing. The cause of the rise is the same as has acted upon the English funds. The business done has not been large. York and North Midland and Great Northern have been most buoyant. French shares continue extremely dull, from paucity of business. The Gold Mine Shares have been quiet at about previous rates. The shares of the Joint Stock Banks have been neglected. There have been one or two bargains in the Dock Shares, and the Australian Land Companies aro nominally about the same. BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOCK. (From the Official List. ) _ Business done. 1 per Cent. Reduced Annuities 9 24 I 3 per Cent. Consols An n uiti es 9li 5 24 New 31 per Cent. Annuities 93 5 13 Conso ls for Accou n t 1 5th Feb. 9IB A 21 2 Exchequer Bills, ld. £1000 X OOO ........................................ 17 20 P Sl 17 20 p PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK. Brazilian Bonds, 5 per Cent. E qua dor Bonds Grenada Bonds, Deferred Mexican 3 per Cent. Ditto for the Account 255 5 Russian Bonds, 1822, 5 per Cent. £St lO4 45 45 Spanish Bonds, 3 per Cent 4O Spanish New Deferred, 3 per Cent ...... Ditto Passive (Converted) Spanish Committee Cert. of Coup. not fun 34 p c Dividends on the above payable in London. Dutch Exchange, 25 per Cent. 12 Gull Ditto 4 per Cent. Certifieates HALF-PAST TWO. 91 C v o it n , s_ol . s . .................................... ornary Account ............... 91i / DECLINE IN THE PRICES OF GRAIN IN IRELAND.-- Notwithstanding the imminence of a continental war, prices of corn continue to decline in Dublin, and, as the consequence, another fall has taken place in the staple article of food. The tone of the provincial corn notes received harmonizes with that of Dublin. In Limerick, on Tuesday, there was a dull market for all kinds of grain—the slpply fair, but the demand exceedingly languid. SOUTH SHROPSHIRE ELECTION. —yesterday the elec- tion of a knight of the shire for the southern division of Shropshire, rendered vacant by the death of the Hon. R. H. Clive, took place at the Town-hall, Church Stretton. Mr. M. G. Benson nominated, and Mr. Edward Corbett seconded, Mr. Robert Clive (late M.P. for Ludlow), as a fit and proper person to represent this division of the county in Parliament. No opposition being offered, a show of hands was taken, and the hon. gentleman was declared duly elected. Mr. Clive thanked the electors for the honour conferred upon him, and the proceedings terminated with a vote of thanks to the under-sheriff, who conducted the business of the election in the absence of Mr. Slaney, the recently appointed high sheriff. IPSWICH MAGISTERIAL REFOR3L—A petition to the House of Commons, praying the Legislature to appoint a stipendiary magistrate for the town of Ipswich, is in ovum of biguature, THE DERBY CASE. QUEEN'S BENCH (WESTMINSTER), THIS DAY, (Sittings at Nisi Prius before Lord Campbell and a Special Jury.) THE QUEEN v. BERESFORD, AND OTHERS, This important case, which has for some months past created considerable interest in the public mind, having been specially appointed for this morning, the court was densely crowded, by persons in the expectation of hear ing some extraordinary disclosures, but from the subse quent proceedings it will be seen they were disap pointed. The defendant, Major W. Beresford, it will be recol lected, was indicted, with nine other persons, for con spiracy. Mr. Edwin James, Q.C., Mr. Slade, Q.C., and Mr. Turner appeared on the part of the prosecution, and Sir F. Thesiger, Sir Fitzroy Kelly, Mr. Whateley, Q.C., Mr. Bodkin, and Mr. Clarke appeared for the defendant Major Beresford. The other defendants did not appear, it being understood the indictment was withdrawn as to them. Major Beresford, who appeared very ill, arising from a recentaccideut, accompanied by Mr. Forbes M'Kenzie, entered the court on crutches and took his seat in front of Sir F. Thesiger. A host of political friends were also present. Mr. Turner opened the pleadigns, and said the de fendant was indicted for conspiring with others wilfully to corrupt the electors of Derby. On the 7th of July the Speaker of the House of Commons issued his pre cept directed to the Mayor of Derby, for the elec tion of burgesses to represent the borough in Parlia ment. The first count charged the defendant with wickedly conspiring to procure a corrupt return of members for the borough. In consequence of those practices Mr. Horsfall was returned, but was afterwards unseated by a committee of the House of Commons, and Mr. Bass was elected in conjuction with Mr. L. Hey worth. Other counts went on to charge other parties with having been conspiring, but with regard to them no case was intended to be preferred. Mr. E. James, Q.C., said the indictment originated with certain electors of Derby with reference to the pro ceedings of the election of representatives for that borough. A person of the name of Morgan, who held his head-quarters at the County Tavern in Derby, was said to have bribed several electors. The matter had already been investigated by two tribunals, one of them being a committee of the House of Commons. At the time of the election, and subsequent to it, certain parties made allegations that Mr. Horsfall had been im properly elected, and they petitioned the house to have the election declared void. Idle and ridiculous rumours were circulated as to the mode in which the election was conducted, and the indictment was preferred by persons who believed in the truth of these rumours. But from the exposures which had taken place, the per sons preferring the indictment believed that enough had been done to prevent the recurrence of such prac tices in future ; and he was, therefore, instructed to offer no evidence in support of the indictment, and it would, therefore, be their duty to return a verdict of Not Guilty. The jury then returned a verdict to that effect. Lord Campbell said the jury, under the above circum stances, would return a verdict of Not Guilty. Sir Frederick Thesiger said he could not allow this ' matter, notwithstanding the course that had been taken on the part of the prosecutor, to pass without, on the part of Mr. Beresford, denying in the most distinct, impressive, and unequivocal language that he had, either directly or indirectly, had anything to do with the course which had been taken on the part of the prosecution ; and nothing had been done by him or any person on his behalf to prevent the fullest inquiry into the consideration of the whole of this case. On the contrary, Mr. Beresford was most anxious that the fullest possible investigation should take place ; and it was but justice to Mr. Beresford, and to himself, as his advocate and friend, to state that no consideration on earth would have prevented him from so doing. Mr. Beresford had come there that day from a bed of sickness arising from the consequences of a serious accident.; but he came to the court anxious to meet the charge, for which there was not the slightest foundation. The charge contained in the indictment had been suspended over Mr. Beresford for many months, necessarily giving him great uneasiness and anxiety of mind ; and it was only late last night that he had received a communication that it was not intended to adduce any evidence in support of the charge. With out the explanation he had made the verdict they had just given would be the very re-terse of a benefit. Mr. James confirmed what had fallen from his learned friend, that the course that had been taken had not arisen from any compromise on the part of either party, but from the fact that it was felt that there was no charge against the defendant. Lord Campbell said, he felt it his duty to say that, under the circumstances, it might be supposed that the course pursued was not without suspicion ; but from what had taken place that day in court, he trusted the public mind would be satisfied that no corrupt compro mise had taken place between the parties, and that the fact of no evidence being offered was sufficient to show that there was no ground for the charge that had been made. The jury then retired, and the immense number o persons present separated with evident satisfaction at the result. SHERIFFS COURT.-(THIS DAY). (Before R. Gurney, Esq.) BULL V. MAKING. A RIDE TO THE CAMP AT CHOBHAM.--The plaintiff in this action is an omnibus conductor, and the defen dant is a Licenced Victualler, at the Goose and Gridiron, St. Paul's Church-yard, and the action was brought to recover the sum of 1/. 125., for money had and received for plaintiff's use. The plaintiff did not appear, and it was stated that he had withdrawn the case. Mr. W. H. Garry, solicitor for the defendant, said he had paid the fees of the court to bring the case for hear ing, and had given a brief to Mr. Duncan. Mr. Duncan applied for costs against the plaintiff. He said that although the amount was small, yet the principle was great, and the defendant's reputation had been very unjustly impugned. The facts were that Mr. Making kept a booking-office, and carried on a very extensive business, and during the time that the "camp" was formed at Chobham, a great number of persons booked for Chertsey, &c., and amongst whom were a party of gentlemen, four originally pro posing, but it was decided that seats should be taken for three, in case of one being unable to go. On the day appointed four went, and by some misunder standing plaintiff did not obtain the fare for the fourth. It would have been proved in evidence that the plaintiff had been paid for the three who were booked. The learned counsel said that the defendant was exceedingly anxious that the case should be brought to trial ; but as the plaintiff did not appear, all he (Mr. D.) could do was to applyfor costs. He did not apply for costs for himself as counsel in a case of such a small amount, but he hoped the costs would be given for the attorney and witnesses. The defendant was only served on the previous evening with a subpcenas to produce his books, which he had done, and had to bring witnesses to corroborate the en tries and payments to the plaintiff. His Honour said he could only allow the costs for the witnesses. The case was then struck out. ACCIDENT TO THE MARQUIS OF THOMOND.—We are sorry to learn from Bath that the Marquis of Thomond has had a severe fall and dislocated his shoulder, but, through the skill of his medical attendant, Mr. Wood, the fracture has been reduced, and the noble marquis is doing well. It is gratifying to learn that the noble and gallant officer has recently presented her most gracious Majesty, for the Admiralty House at Portsmouth, three full-length valuable portraits by Sir Joshua Reynolds, of King George the Third, King William the Fourth, when Pz ince of Wales, and one of his late Royal High ness the Duke of York. BULWER'k! FAILURES. —Perhaps it may encourage younger writers if I remind them that I was not suc cessful at first in any one line that I attempted. My first ' attempts at prose composition were refused admittance into a magazine. My first novel was very little read, and it is not included in the general collection of my works. My first poetry was thought detestable—and my first play very narrowly escaped being damned. HARMONIC UNION, EXETER-HALL.—Handel , s Adis and Galatea is announced for performance next Monday, when Mozart's accompaniments to this favourite cantata are to be heard f or th e fi rs t ti me i n this country—a no• velty of great interest. SOUTH SEA COMPANY.— It is understood that the offer of the court of directors of the South Sea Company to purchase the stock of the corporation at 115 has been ac cepted to the extent of about 600,0001. ; and to this cir cumstance, probably, the necessity is to be attributed for their selling a portion of the Government securities recently purchased. PARIS AND VIENNA MONEY MARKET.—TiIe closing accounts from the Paris Bourse this afternoon showed a further slight decline. At Vienna the panic in the money market continues without check, the rate of exchange on London having now advanced to 12.30, while the funds are again rather low. GUANO.—It appears that the report of the engineers , appointed by the Peruvian Government t o measure the quantity of guano remaining at Chincha Islands states the total to be 12,376,100 tons of measurement, or 16,501,466 tons of weight. A previous estimate had fixed the amount at 25,000,000 tons, while, according to the recent supposition of the commander of the British squadron in the Pacific, from data furnished to him by Mr. Al'lntosh, naval instructor, it did not exceed 1 : 8,0901000. LATEST FOREIGN NEWS. RUSSIA AND TURKEY. RESUMPTION OF NEGOTIATIONS. A telegraphic despatch, dated Vienna, yesterday morning, and published by a cotemporary, says : " Negotiations for peace are certainly still going on. "Count Orloff has again postponed his departure. " The Emperor Napoleon has, in an autograph letter, made a last appeal to the good sense of the Emperor Nicholas." Until that despatch is confirmed by information received from other quarters, little reliance can be placed on the truth of the last paragraph. We think after what has happened, it is highly impro bable that the French Emperor would, under his own hand, sue for peace. 'We have no doubt, however, that Count Orloff is still endeavouring to re-open negotiations at Vienna. Count Orloff and Baron de Budberg, says a tele graphic message received to-day, left Vienna on Wednesday. The Austrian Correspondenz bas an article com plimentary to the Czar, though letters state teat the last propositions have been refused. Prospects of peace on other bases were still being held at Vienna. CONSTANTINOPLE. News from Constantinople of January the 25th says the fleets having taken in fresh provisions, will re-enter the Black Sea on the 28th. In the mean time three French and three English steam-frigates have sailed to-day for Varna. On the 28th another Turkish convoy, intended to carry men and am munition to Batouna, will sail under the escort of a part of the Turkish fleet and the French and English frigates. Military operations in Asia are suspended. General Baraguay d'Hilliers sets out to-morrow on his tour of military inspection. A vast conspiracy, with the object of raising in insurrection the Greek population on the banks of the Danube, has been discovered. It is believed that many eminent persons at the Court of Athens are concerned in the scheme. A telegraphic despatch dated 5 days later states that the Seraskier and Capudan Pacha have been re moved. Riza Pacha is appointed Seraskier, and Achmed Pacha to be Capudan Pacha. ANOTHER BATTLE ON THE DANUBE. Accounts received in Paris yesterday state that a sanguinary action had taken place near Giurgevo, with great loss on both sidea. Three thousand Turks crossed the Danube, drove in the Russian advanced posts, attacked the town, and then retired. There was also a report at Vienna yesterday that Omer Pacha had crossed the Danube at Oltenitza. The Presse of Vienna, quoting from L'Ami du 'oldat, says : " The consequences of the entrance of the com bined fleets into the Black Sea are already showing themselves. Fourteen thousand men have been landed at Holiburgas, below Varna, from on board transports, which had previously been carefully watched by the Russians ; now, the Turks are completely at liberty in the Euxine, These four teen thousand men are to move upon Varna, and reinforcements from Constantinople and Adri anople are to take the same direction. The Otto ra;tn forces, from Pregona to Nicopolis, amount to 18,000 men, over and above a reserve of 36,000 at Sophia. The Russians have 41,000 infantry, 12,000 cavalry, and 120 guns, with a reserve of 15,000 men." From Varna, Jan. 20, we learn that Omer Pasha is entirely restored to health. A Wallachian Gene ral, two or three American officers, and se!eral French and Swedish officers, have arrived at his head-quarters to take service in the Ottoman army. Considerable reinforcements are on march from Sofia for Kalafat, where there is already assembled an army of 25,000 men, provided with a numerous and excellent train of artillery. The Oest. Correspondenz announces that while Russia and Turkey were fighting in Great Walla chia, Austria saw no reason for placing a corps on the Turkish frontier ; but now that Lesser Walla chia has become the theatre of war, the Govern ment has resolved to station 25,000 men in the Woywodina for the security of the frontier. The Srbski Dnevnik states that a revolutionary inroad by Milosch, the former Prince of Servia, and a devoted tool of Russia, is apprehended, and that General Knicanin's corps of 8,000 Servian warriors has been posted at Semendria on the Danube to defend the present Government. A telegraphic communication from Belgrade, of Feb. 4, says the Turkish firmans confirming the rights of Servia have been. published. The diplo matic corps was not present. BULGARIA. The following is from a n interesting letter of the special correspondent of the Times, dated Rust chuk, Jan. 5 : " In my last I gave some account of the old and new fortifications of this place. I now devote some attention to the not less important subject of the resources which Bulgaria offers for the convenient provisioning of the army assembled here, for the supply of materials for the operations of war, and for ttiose auxiliary departments which, if scanty or neglectea, paralyse the ablest field command and render nugatory the bravery of the best troops. For this object Ruastchuk, the political capital of this large pashalic, and the chief Danubian port of Bulgaria, offers favourable o pportunities. In order not to let myself be dragged into generalities beyond my personal observation, I have. specially in view the gar rison of Rustchuk, which conasists of seven battalions of Redif, or militia, each 800 .strong, 1,000 Arnaut rifle men, 1,200 artillerymen, and :32.5 bashi hozouks, or irre gular cavalry ; in all, with unenumerated fractions of other arms, somewhat under 10,000 men. There is no Nizam or infantry of the line here, but these militia men, instead of being hallf-drilled troops, are fully, trained soldiers, having alread y completed five years in the line, and serving the second term of seven years in the Redif, which prudent provision for a rainy day is quite a modern feature in the organisation of the Otto man army, and has proved th e chief lever of the respect able force that Turkey has evroked from the plough and the workshop for this great ernergency. " Bulgaria has neither the rich pastures of Bosnia nor the sterile soil of Albania and Montenegro, where a small army is beaten and a large one dies of hunger, but it is altogether one of the best provinces of Turkey for general productiveness—in corn as well as in other raw materials of food. The soil on the rivers is good, and fitted for heavy wheat crops. That of the Dobroudja. or tongue of land between the Danube and the Black Sea, is generally light, but h.a.s much rich land in the neighbourhood of the forests t hat keep up the humidity. It is also a pastoral district, .and thousands of Transyl vanian shepherds in peace time bring down their flocks in winter to the warmer and r nore humid environs of the Black Sea. Altogether the products of Bulgaria re semble those of the Principala ties and Southern Russia. Rustchuk exports grain largely to Matchin, opposite Braila, for transshipment to England and Constanti nople. a ; `There ia, therefore, a great abundance of the two first wants of a commissariat—bread and flesh. Of the former, the soldiers receive .300 drachms per day,— that is to say, three-fourths ,of an oke of 400 drachms, or 21 lb., which is even more than many men can con. sume ; but the allowance of thus staff of life is abundant, as, in campaign, other supplies are not so portable, or so certainly to be procured. One sees no white bread in the barracks ; it is a good nourishing brown bread, crisp, and pleasant to the taseic. Of butchers' meat the soldier receives 80 drachms :per day. The mutton is excellent, and is the princip cad delivery. The soldiers have a great dislike to beef even when it is good, but still more so when it is pool', bony, gristlycattle, not foddered for the market. T k ie b ee f of this country is fit only for soup. Said Mimi% Pasha, being the pro prietor of extensive estates i n th e Dot roudja, has done a great deal in the introducti (in of Spanish and other varieties of sheep, both with a view to the flesh and the fleece ; but the fatt en i ng o f CEi ttle for the butcher is, as yet, unknown in Bulgaria. • "Next in importance to l read and flesh is rice, of which the soldier receives 13 drachms daily, except on Sundays and Th ursdays, when he receives 80 , drachms for a pilaff. It is all brought from PhiliPPP o uli in ox waggons ov er th e Balkan,- a d, althoughnot equal to the reddi s h E gyptian rice ° is t of average quality. On pilaff day s th e soldier is allowed an extra supply of butter, and has besides daily vegetables, such as may be procured ; at present the us' a al vegetables are onions and lentils ; succulent green vegetables, cultivated in gardens, are very scarce, even in summer, notwithstand ing the good soil and abundaTt ce of water. The other allowances of soup, oil, candles, wood, and charcoal are individually small, but amply sPufficient when clubbed to gether by the messes. "I am happy, therefore, to be able to state that the force here is well provisioned, a tnd the same may be said of all the army of 130.000 la nder Omar Pasha. from Widdin to Varna and the Suli ria, mouth of the Danube. From all that I hear, the 'Fur kish troops are far better fed than the Russians across ed.e river, and this physical support, added to the more i mpetuous bravery of the Turk, renders the private Ottoman soldier decidedly superior to the Russian. A t Oltenitza the Russian officers were ahead of the infantry, sabre in hand, tugging on the not overwilling . troops. On the contrary, the Turkish tioidier was like . tlio willing horse that re quired neither whip nor spud.. It is in the excellent superior and staff officers, itz the admirable cavalr y horses, and in the native intqlligence of the Cossacks, -- - that the real strength of the Russian army lies, cer tainly not in either the moral or physical vigour of the common soldier. "But the Turkish soldier is as much worse dressed and equipped than the Russian as he is better fed. The coat and the two vests which he receives once a-year are both of bad cloth and badly fitted. Instead of being done by open contract, they come out of the Govern inent establishments at Constantinople, and Slivno, in Bulgaria. The soldier also receives one fez and two shirts a-year, which are of fair quality; but the fez is certainly a most unsuitable head dress—cold in winter, and exposing the eyes to the glare of both sun and snow. The want of a cravat is also a great defect. The allow ance of shoes is apparently liberal, being three pairs a-year ; but there is no soling, and they are often worn out in six weeks. In order to prevent the soldier from wearing his shoe down at the heel, the heels are hard, and consequently rub out the stocking in a day's time. The great *oat and hood, furnished once in three years, are t e best part of the costume ; but altogether one may say respectfully to the Minister of War, Reform your tailors' hills.' " The saddlery is, upon the whole, suited to the purposes wan t e d ; b ut t h e o ld Turkish bit, which is retained, is too sharp, and there is a want of that steady support which the English bit gives to the trot. The consequence is, that there is nothing between a high stepping walk and a gallop—a great de fect, for it is the steady trot in line, before breaking into gallop, that give s f u ll power to the shock of cavalry in a charge. The cavalry sabres are much too short and ineff'ecti've. The muskets of the infantry are fair ; the 2.000 Minie rifles excellent. The powder was rather weak, not from want of a proper prescription, but from some little peculation in saltpetre at Constantinople ; but Moussa Pacha, the practical Master-General of the Ordnance, a first-rate officer, has latterly stopped this, and the powder is now manufactured of the proper strength. " The arsenal of Rutschuk I found in full activity, the forge being under the direction of the Demirzi Bushi Emir Aga, of the army of Roumelia, a skilful working engineer and smith, and all the different departments of handicraft were characteristic of that segregation of na tionality and religion in Turkey which is still so decidedly visible, and so unsusceptible of fusion. All the heavy smith work was done by Bulgarians in their black sheep skin caps, the light iron work by gipseys, the carpenters were all Turks, the sawyers Bulgarians, while the tinmen for the grape canisters were all Jews. I found the greatest activity in gun carriages, which were all of oak and un commonly solid ; the first essays in autumn were very uneven, but through the exertions of the Marangos Bushi Hulil Aga, of the army of Roumelia, they are now as good as those at Constantinople. This man informed me that eight workmen had made eight new carriages and 70 new wheels in three weeks. No cannons are , ast here, the supply being abundant from Constantino ple ; the grape shot (14- calibres for howitzers) is oast at Sumakow, and fitted with canister here. To judge from Russian grape balls picked up at Oltenitza, and shown me they are more globular and freer from seams than the Turkish. But, by all accounts, the Russian shrapnel are complete failures, from some miscalculation or neg ligence in the manufacture. —" The behaviour of the garrison is exemplary, every excess being strictly forbidden, and the presence of a Turkish array is no longer a terrible scourge to a Turkish population, as it was in the days chronicled by the in comparable Von Hammer." KALAFAT. The special military correspondent of the Morn ing Chronicle gives, in a letter from Kalafat of Jan. 15, some further particulars respecting the battle of Citate, as well as some interesting infor mation as to the state of things in and about Kala fat "The accounts of the battle of Citate sent to you on the 7th and 9th, it is to be regretted, were incomplete in one particular, viz., that the Turks lost two guns on that occasion. This fact is much to be deplored by their well-wishers ; for though. in all truth, the victory was theirs, yet the fact above-mentioned—added to that of the redoubt being held still by the Russians till after the Turks retired, and that the Turks did not sleep on the field of battle—will fully persuade numbers that they were beaten. " The case is shortly this. Achmet Pacha, thought to surprise a small detachment, and was in a fair way of exterminating or making prisoners of the whole of it, when a very large force of Russians came to its assistance. This latter force was beaten back in great confusion, and with great loss, by about half its number of combatants. The Turks had bivouacked without food during the preceding night And had fought for eight hours, when the Russian rein forcements were sent to the right-about. Both parties had suffered severely. Under these circumstances, it can be easily imagined that they were in no position to storm the redoubt. It was to be feared, too, that a night march would give rise to confusion ; they there fore returned to Kalafat in search of food and repose. "The loss of the guns was owing to the misconduct of the officer who commanded a portion of the cavalry in the rear of the village, and to that of the officer com manding the battery to which they belonged. The ground was deep in mud, and the gunners, seeing the three Russian battalions making for the redoubt, has tened to go out of their way. A part of the Russian infantry advanced against them, and the drivers started. off before the,guns were limbered up, leaving them to he quietly taken possession of, and to be transported. into the redoubt. The officer commanding the cavalry might have charged them in flank, but he did not. Hinc ince lacrhymce. " That the loss on the Russian side must have been great, and that they retired in hot haste, is fully proved by what they left behind them. In the accounts pre viously sent it was mentioned that Russian firelocks were a drug in the market at 25 piastres, and that quan tities of them might be seen carried about the streets ; the guns had returned laden with them. Since then two of the Russian ambulances (waggons for the wounded) were brought into Kalafat, filled with fire locks, of which the writer saw 350 in the pacha's ante room; probably 1,500 were taken in all. Every officer, high and low, had a collection of arms of different natures. Decorations similar to those taken at Oltenitza and those of officers for long service, of the order of St. George or St. Michael, are plentiful. A large nunaber of capital camp-kettles were likewise collected anti brought it. "It should have been stated that the Russian force evacuated the redoubt at Citate on the evening of the battle, after having hastily buried their dead— so hastily, that the Wallaohs had to do it over again —and that it is now occupied by three squadrons of Turkish cavalry ; so that, but for the unfortunate loss of the two guns—a loss at the time unknown to xxine tenths of the Turkish force—the Russian bulletin ma nu facturers would require all their proverbial ingenuity to make out a good story in their favour. " Instances of the heroic conduct on the part of the Russian officers are current among the Turks, particra cularly that of one old officer who wore a decoration( fox long service. He is described as having struck his sol diers with his sword and pushed them with his shoulders, &c., and to have made himself very con spicuous. The Turks, seeing that things would go 'bs:dly with them if he was allowed to remain in comma nd, levelled at him, and brought him down, and sho. rtly afterwards that part of the Russian force retired. Che Turks, too, describe what is not easy to nndersta nd, how the Russian officers, being frequently seen simila rl)' employed at the head of their men, had pulled their caps: down over their eyes, not, as some of the Turks have. asserted, that they did so to hide the danger befo re them, but more probably to prevent their caps from: falling off while making a rush or fighting in a male.. "Since the 6th all has been perfectly quiet, both par-- ties refitting and tending their wounded. Reinf or ce ments to Kalafat, from Sofia and other places, h aye , been said for the last week or two to have been daily expected One regiment of regular cavalry has actia.ally arrived from Lom Palanka, a post a few hours down: the Danube. " A thaw which commenced about a week or so back has altered the Turkish position at Kalafat for the: 'bet ter. The branch of the river between the island and. the mainland of the left bank is no longer frozen, so. - that. the island, in case of a reverse in the entrench! nr mt, inight be well defended against any number of Rus si; But Achrnet Pacha is more inclined to fight it on t t') the last in the entrenchment, and therefore takes nis particular care of securing a retreat. This is certai ink", against all the rules of war, and would be consiele red'- bad generalship in civilised Europe ; but, perhaps, iit is. not totally unsuited to the peculiar situation of the Tra rk;st. The position at Oltenitza was precisely the same ; ha d they been beaten out of it, every man must hare bee a lost. It was, perhaps, this feeling that made thei n stic' is so stoutly to their parapets, and which gained thi sm th victory ; and in case of an attack on Ralafat, a gains. k whatever odds, there can be no doubt that the, y will I defend the ground to the last inch. "A stupid report has got about, the manufacture of some professional inventor of canards, that the fore( 3s at Kalafat are to be increased to some 50,000 or 6 , 0, 000, , and that the Turks intend taking possession of K To jowea i i r a ec g te e d ner b a y lt and Little an operation This is too albsura clear-headed a gonerail as Omer Pacha. The idea of sending an army acroses the Danube at the extreme end of the line, and in archin leW to al b la e c d h at right angles to the base of operations, having ; nece 5- Barfly denuded it of a considerable force, appeal a to ol it sense of the ridiculou s . It would be giving th e enen iy all the advantages of concentration, and lendir ig one's-self to be beaten in detail. Besides, r aumbe rs are decidedly in favour of the Russians, now t hat tl ie 3d corps de armee has entered into Wallachi a und, sr General Osten-Sacken—the great reason for co: soentr: '- trims on the pa; t of the Turks. "Out of the 600 wounded men at Widdin then, hav a been seven deaths. This appears rather surprisiinf r, con sidering the manner in which the medical deparent is. recruited.tm " Mere is a peculiarity about the wounds of the Vurks that is remarkable. The greater part, in a very large pro-' portion, are wounded low—from the hip downwaxds- Again, it is stated upon good authority that the Russians killed were struck high up, numbers being hit on the head. Attempts have been made to account for these facts which are by no means satisfactory. The Rus sians, it is said, in taking aim, use the method taught to English riflemen, namely, to point the piece downwards,. gradusily raising it up until the object is covered, and then to pull the trigger ; and firing on this method, while in a state of great excitement, would throw the ballet low, from the soldier pulling the trigger too soon. The Turks, on the other hand, bring up the piece to a horizontal position at once, and fire. N ow , it i s we ll knEwa that all soldiers under excitement fire too high, and that, consequently, the system adopted by the Rus sians is the best to insure hitting under any circum -Bt-inces, more particularly when firing at a line of smoke,. Which is about all they saw of their enemies ;titer the. riop of t' add YOlll tint the Con and life, not, We tag, te