The Sun. — London, England, 1863-12-08 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EV EN IN ill, DEC E NtI3EI it 8, 1863. BONNET'S SILKS a LYON. —Every Article of commerce takes its title either from the inventor or manufacturer, and the more perfect the production the gr , ater is the credit which attaches to the originator. BONNET'S SILKS are said to be incapable of identifica tion in ; but the fallacy of such an assertion is ex pos,d by the very trade mark of the firm, as exhibited by Messr s. JAY, of Regent-street. The following interwoven mark may be seen at the end of each piece :--:" b 1 anufacture de C. J. Bonnet et Cie it Iy on et a Injurieux." We4r guaranteed. -LIFEBOAT SER LES. Di.r,ng the recent heavy gales . some of the boats of th e Royal Na'ional Lifeboat Institut i on have been instrumental in rescuing the crews of the tollowing wrecked vessels :—Schooner Theophi lu of Aberdeen, 5 men ; barque Tarnworth, of Norway, 17 ; schooner Northern Lights, of Preston, 4 ; pilot boat, of St. lve., 7 ; schooner Anion, of Workington, 4; schooner Gipsy, of Drogheda, 4 ; smack Saucy Jack, of Inverness, 1 ; barque Marietta, of Lisbon, 1 ; fishing boat, of Filey. 2 ; Tenby fishing boat, 3; and barque Providence, of Dantzic,7. Total lives saved, SS. The lifeboats also assiste lin bringing safely into port, with their crews, consisting of 29 men, the Italian brig Camoglino, the schooner Sir Colin Campbell, of Whitby, the schooner Guilia, of Palermo, and the ketch Snip, of Am sterdam. The lifeboats also went off in reply to signals of distress on fourteen oceasions, but their services were not ultimately required. The amount of reward p yid for all these services was £2lll. The Committee of the Institution earnestly AP PEAL tone public for ASSISTANt.,E to enable them to meet the con tinued heavy demands on the Society's 125 lifeb iat estab lishments. Contributions are recelvtd by all the London and country bankers ; and by the Secretary, Richard Lewis, Esq., at the Institution, If, John-street, Adelphi, London. ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN. Under the Manazement of Miss Louisa Pyne and Mr. W. Ilarrison. THIS EVENING, for the 14th time, Balfe's new Opera, BLANCH N: DE NEVERS : Miss Louisa Tyne, Miss Anna Hiles, Miss Emma Heywood; Messrs.W. H. We►ss, H. Cord, A. Cook, A. at.Albyn, C. Lyall, J. Rouse, and W. Harrison. To conclude with the Second Act of THE DESERT FLOWER. Conductor, Mr. A. Mellon. Doors open at half-past Six—Commence at Seven TIFTEATRE ROYAL DRURY- LANE. Managers, Messrs. E. Falconer and F. B. Chatterton. THIS EVENING, her Majesty's Servants will perform the Farce of BEAUTY- OR THE BEAST. Principal cha racters by Messrs. Addison, G. F. Neville, Barret, Spencer, and G. Weston; Mrs Edmund Falconer and Miss it. Leclerq. After which, Lord Byron's Choral Tragedy, MANFRED. Messrs. I-helps, Ryder, Rayner, Meagreson, Ward, Spencer ; Miss Eburne, Miss E. Atkinson, Miss Leciercq, and Mrs. E. Falconer. Vocalists—Miss Poole, Miss tatter, Miss Cicely Notf, Miss Heywood, and Mr. Swift. Followed by MY II ii:ART'S IN THE HIGHLANDS: characters by Mr. 3 . Ne ville, M r . G. Weston, Mr. Warde, Mr. J. Marris ; Mrs. C. Melville, and Miss ilartleur. THEATRE ROYAL HAYNIARKET.— Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr, Buckstone. THIS EVENING, SILKEN FETTERS : Measrs. Chas. Mathews, Chippendale, W. Farren, Howe, &C‘ ; Mesdames C. Mathews and M. Harris. i Cli j arles , Followed by T FIE GOLDEN FLEECE. Messrs. Mathew, Compton,Weathersby,itc.; Mesdamesr C. 3r L Keeley. Griffith, &c. Followed by COOL AS A CUCUMBER. arr. C. Mathews. And MY HUSBAND'S GHOST. Commence at 7. oyAl. LYCEUM THEATRE. Under the Sole 3lanag r ement of Mr. Pechter. BEL DE NIONIO (a Triumphant Success) will be repeated Every Evenanc• until further notice. TEIV , EVENING, the Comeclietta, by W. Gilbert, entitled UNCLE BABY: bless s. Widdicombe-, J. G. Shore, Charles ; 'Miss P. Le.dercq, and Ctrlotta Leclerr.q. After which, at Eis•ht o'clock, BEL DEMONIO, a Love Story, in Twelve Tableaux, taken from Stendhal's "Italian Chronicle," by M r. John Brourt , am. Principal charac ter by Mr. Pechter, supported by Messrs. Jordan, Charles, ltrom,fh,,m, Emery, Raymond, Moreland, Smith, Clifford, Collett, Andrews, Sims ; Miss Kate Terry, E. Lavenue, 31 rd. Lee, and Aids Elswo tl Jy. Doors open at half-past 6—commenoe at 7. LEAH.-EVERY NIGHT, BATENIAN.—LE AIL—THIS EVENING, 1 the 60th appearance of the great Tranic Actress, Miss BATEMAN, in the character of L NAIL In consequence of the un bounded success with which Miss Bateman's imperso nation of the priccipal character in the new Five Act Drama of LEAH has been attenued. Mr Arebstet• begs to announce that it will be performed EVERY EVENING until further notice. IV'EW THEATRE-R0 YAL, ADELPHI. Mole Pronrlcator and Manager. Mr. B. Wel:Ater. TIEIS EVENING, at 7, TIIE TRAGEDY QUEEN : 3lrs, Stirltrig. At 8, the New Drama of LEAH : Bth week of Miss Bate tnan, supported by Messrs.Artnur Stirling, R. Phillips, Ml lington, Stuart, Stephenson, Eburne ; Miss H. Simms, and Mrs. Billington. To oonclude with TIIE IRISH TIGER: Miss K. Kelly and Mr. btephenson. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Manager, Mr. IV. EI. Swanborough. THIS EVENING, MIRIAM'S' CRIME. Messrs. Gco. honey, Porsche, Belford, Turner, Miss K. Saville, and Miss Manners. Follower] by (13th time) PATIENT PENELOPE ; or, The Return of Ulysses. Messrs. honey and Fenton ; Mesdames Swanborouoi and Simpson. Atter which, 31r Nk.NV PLACE. Mr. A. Wood. Commence at 7. OYAL SADLER'S-WELLS THEATRE Manageress, Miss Marriott. THIS EVENING, the suceessful new Play, by Westland Marston. Esq., entitled PURE 3lessrs. E. Pnelps, IT. Mar4ton, D. 11. Jone-i, W. D. Gresham. S. Perfitt ; Mies Mandiebert, Mrs. B. White, and Miss Marriott. To conclude with TILE BRIGAND: Mr. D. 11. Jones, Miss Mandlebert. Box-office open from 11 to 4. THTRD EDITION OF " THE SUN," -& Containing. the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, Nth be had Evvry Evening of connived at. G. R. G I, V,NIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. We learn from the latest intelligence that the ill ness from which Lord ELGIN was suffering had nut up to that date proved fatal, although there was too much reason to anticipate the worst results. We may still hope against hope, until we actually hear of his death, but in any case we fear the services of a valuable public servant are lost to England. The appointment of Sir JOHN LAWRENCE to the impor tant post—vacant in any case through Lord ELGIN'S resignation—has given universal satisfac tion, and his immediate departure for the land he is so well qualified to govern was a wise and neces sary step. There is no fear that he will prove unequal to the responsibilities of his post. His natural capacity, his high principle, and his lengthened experience of the people whom he is called upon to govern, all combine to fit him in an eminent degree for an office in which individual character is more tried than perhaps any other. But however well suited Sir JOIIN LAWRENCE may be, mentally and morally, for the high position he HIGH 'WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. TUTS DAY.— Morning, I Ih. 58m.—Afternoon, h. m. s o-KORsow.- Morning, 12h. 27m.—Afternoon, 12h. 50111 has suddenly been called upon to fill, he, like his The Weather--• Sun Office, Dec. 8, 1863. --4 , -- THERMOMETER. This day at Two o'clock Barometer-30.15. ; moderate, and cloudy. predecessor, is mortal, and will be physically sus ceptible to evil agencies. The rapid succession of deaths of men in the prime of life, the successive loss of three Governors General, in one case the vice-regent's death following closely on that of his loved and honoured wife; the death and illness of financiers and Statesmen, the terrible mortality among our soldiers in times of peace, all combine to call our attention to the question, and bid us consider whether the conditions of Anglo-Indian life are unnecessarily fatal. It is scarcely fair to count the loss of such men as HAVELOCK among the sacrifices to the climate. The terrible work and anxiety might well have proved 00% 1 3 g, ' 1 C'*llio fatal to a younger man in a more temperate zone ; but the quiet residents in cities ought surely not to die at a rate commensurate with the risks of the l'°1)04, TUESDAY, DEC. 8, 1863. It 19 not b y - --0--- -- the lines of any means in pleasant places that either the brother or the father of H.R.H. th e .t.. t:"88 of WALE S h ave f a ll en — now that they h a y ea of Z one the thron e 'aed, almost simultaneously, the re s ece, the other the throne of Denmark. Each. ha Then at once to a crown and to a difficulty. c will both, we feel satis fied, acquit the aiselvesnoweatitably in dealing with the troubles th.ey have tut encounter at the very outset of th 2i: reigns. exceeding are of such a mag&Ande and of such complica tion, that, i'd dealing with them, the u din g utiw w in s ic overeigns must niiells exercise the most and persistent vigilance. It is tr ue th ng Darai , ,h Government h a s just now resolved upon u the revoking the famous patent of the a(lth of p la on t Nlevch—and that, having so resolved, the fist Step rar,y be regar d e d as a l rea dy taken towards% settle raent of that terribly protracted dispute about the twin, or even as they might be cal;ed the Siam ese, Duchies of S c hl esw i g and Ho l ste i n . Still, however hopefully the well-wishers of Denmark and of Ger many may look forward to the future, in consequence of that wise and temperate deci sion just resolved upon at Copenhagen, it is impossible not to bear rather painfully in. recollection the fact that, though a first step, it is after all no more than a first step in the direction aimed at. Even, if admitting that much has been done by this sagacious and moderate ' - decision—lt must be confessed by even the most sanguine that more, fr,r more, remains to be done, later on, before an', d efin i t i ve : settlement can be arranged for _ ‘ close b e i ng put at last to these long sustained Lt '. sehitswig,Ruis scussions in regar d to the tein difficulty. Th e revoca ti on o f the 4t;, of la tory, that it ist 'March is of its e lf so f ar propitia suc,a, it can hsa.rteriiite manifestly, — a concess i on. A s ezeytdod otherwise than t en d . t o miti gf.te the a nger the chief part, if not throughout D anmar k throughout sweep, of the Gernaanie e t hroughout the w h o l e w id e o nfederation. Ho stilities, that yesterday somed inevitable, may now once imminent a n d Possibty tempted to say will now probabi Y We pre even be rendered unnecessary. A pacific arrangement is, b e y on d a daubt of it, on the cards. Dipl omacy ' rate, with some prospect of success enda.Y, a t any , ; t vour to effect vv:aat appeared, until now, alot, e ~i Table of accomplishment by force of arms. battlefield. If England is to send some of her bes men to India, if she is to provide the head to plan, the heart to feel, the hand to execute, she must at least see that they are not sent as sacrifices, that in appointing a man of ability, character, and position to a high Indian office, she is not at the same time signing his death-warrant, or at least compelling him to take a last farewell of health and all its blessings, when he touches the fatal shores of the Hooghly. It has been asserted on good authority that there is no reason why the climate of India should, under favourable circumstances and with due precaations, prove so disastrous to Europeans. Many a man has lived to a good old age there, and some parts of the country are especially salubrious. By an unfortunate combination of natural and arti ficial causes, the seat of government is notoriously unhealthy, and to their enforced residence in Calcutta during the greater portion of the year the illness of the leading men in India is openly earl b ed• Though it lays claim to the proud title of th e City of Palaces, it is anything but palatial in its sur roundings . : Situated on marshy ground, ill drained, . in suchnd ill supplied with water, it is placed poisonous to the native town that the oisonnati:Beexhalations produced by the habits of the to be a t n iz :: mo ng whom cleanliness appears unknown, render the air fre quen tly pestileu t i - A balmy and temper a te at mosphere would anon be come intolerable if decaying carcas es and other put r i ti matter were allowed to taint the b reezes. Al ueh more ß and bad airin a hot climate on a mars hy eoil are such evils ndatrous, and bad wat er are enou g h to produce .a pestilence. e . Londoners know b y unpleasant experience some of the effects of a fetid r iver, but they , 411 hardly ima gine what those effects must be u n d er r, a tropics; sun. Happily for t he metropolis, residents were not depe ndent on Fath er Thu n ts for their water, but possessed a luxury unk nown to the inhabitants of Calcutta in a pure and plentif ul supply drawn from other sources. It is the n i n conditions that under any circumstances and in any climate would be most prejudicial to health that our statesmen are cs.iled upon to undertake the duties of their weighty and anxious office; to go on in the routine path with incessant toil, continual mental application, a:nd the burden of a heavy re sponsibility. Even i:f natural strength of constitu- ion enable them to withstand the pressure, or In reference to the difficulties spew, of as timely retreat to the hills avert fatal results, the insidious evil has prdhably materially affected their sSR having already to b e encoun t ere d a nd co ped I ped E the mostg. JAY and CO. have no w on show ' unique and perfect assortment of with by the youthful King of the Hellenes, they BONNETS, are of a charact er so exqu i s it e ly d e li ca t e as t o In Paris, and brought which their 3lanager has selec ted back with her to this Est ,blishment. be nothing less than matter for the profoundest 247, 249, 251, Regent-street. --, regret. And they are difficulties that have arisen in this wise. The selection by the Greek nation of the Boy-Prince who is now, under the title King GEORGE 111., their reigning sovereign; the selection of this youthful saiou of the houac of Sou derburg-Glucksburg to the throne rendered vacant by the summary expulsion from it of the ex. King OTIIO (of Bavaria)—it is well known was mainly decided by the knowledge on the part of the Greeks themselves, that, in the event of such a selection, England was prepared to cede at once to Greece the whole of the long coveted archipelago of the lonian Islands. At the mament, however, when M. 'I'RI COUPI was on the point of signing in the name of King GEORGE, and in the interests of the Greek nation, the formal Treaty by which Great Britain wou'.d have undertaken to transfer the lonian Islands to the Kingdom of Greece—it be came painfully manifest that there was to be coupled with the cession of those islands a certain intolerable condition by way of most humiliating preliminary. The fortifications of Corfu were to be razed to the ground. The Young KING was to stand pledged by the terms of the treaty t o th e i r de struction. In other words, his nam e , at t h e very out set of his reign, was to become historically identified with an incident, as we have said, intensely humiliat ing to the amour propre, to the honest self-respect of the Greek nation. Almost, as a matter of course, M. TiticouPt at once declined to become in any way a party to such an engagement as that—an engagement that must inevitably anger the Greeks, and as inevitably, by so doing, jeopardise the main tenance of their newly-chosen Sovereign's reputa tion. In the difficulty of the sudden hitch that has thus awkwardly arisen in the negotiation of the transference of the lonian Islands from England to Greece, we observe that it is quite seriously sug gested, suggested by no less an official autho rity than the organ of the noble Vis count at the head of the British Government, that England should come to the relief of King GEORGE 1., of the Hellenes, in this his very dis tressing dilemma, that England should come to his relief at once at this most anxious moment—How, is it asked ? By, with all convenient speed, setting her hand to the task of destroying those fortifica tions at Corfu, the destruction of which aro deemed to be an essential accompaniment of the transference. Now, for our own part, we cannot for a single instant believe that our so doing will relieve King GEORGE of Greece from his dilemma. We cannot but think that his name will then still be very painfully and hazardously associated with an act, most untoward as the earliest incident of his reign, an act of humiliation which, while he will no doubt be spared from the anguish of performing himself, that is by his own Government, that Government of his will at any rate have the discredit of having permitted -or rather it should be said more plainly—meanly best lesson which learning can bestow is to teach humility; no one who right:y comprehends the wonders of the universe will fail to recognise his own comparative insignificance, and the same prin ciple applies in some measure to a nation. It is not being puffed-up and conceited that will raise any land to the pinnacle of greatness, or sustain a people in the day of trouble and the period of trial. This has been manifested most strikingly dining the late calamitous period. Lord HARTINGTON said with correctness that they have not exhibited some of the qualities that less cultivated nations have done in their position when put to a similar trial. Most im portant lessons may be learned from these refiec• tions, and some of the chief foundations of a stedfast course consist in the mingled influence of fortitude and meekness. Self-sufficiency may strut its brief hour on the stage of prosperity, but never can sup port the chill blasts of adversity, nor enable its possessor to meet reverses with dignity. The young cannot be too much impressed with this all-important truth, and no culture wili make them fitted for the uses of existence if it does not render them at the same time self-possessed, and moderate in their pretensions. Lord HAR TINGTON brought the subject back to its original place by inquiring how and in what manner could the best and purest education be given. He held out as an inducement that institutions of this kind enabled many persons to obtain a sound knowledge of their own language, and if they acquired a taste for the study of the great masterpieces of our country, they would be preserved, to a considerable extent, from anything that was " base, ignoble, and iniquitous." The remarks o❑ Lancashire, in the fearful ordeal to which it has been subjected, were replete with taste and feeling of the highest order. No one can deny that the suffering has not been unmitigated, since it has called forth the expression of sympathy which, real and earnest, is one of the greatest blessings of humanity, and also it has exhibited so many traces of heroism that our country has good reason to be proud of her sons, who have been tried by a severer test than any past experience has exhibited, and gone through a sharper struggle than any war that has been waged on the battlefields of history. Lord HAR TINGTON concluded by drawing a sort of parallel between the prostration that had fallen upon us, and the reviving prosperity which the Northern States now boast of. There can be no doubt it is an illusion, and will soon show the instability of their expectations. When this crisis is past we may better appreciate our strength, and at all events its sources will be more lasting, while they will inevitably begin to find out their weakness, when all their seeming wealth and power will vanish as the baseless fabric of a vision. There is no merit in not preparing for the emergencies of the events that common sense must foresee, and the recklessness of such a course will entail inevitable losses of a sad and serious nature. Lord HARTING. TON'S address will be found to contain some solid information, and some lessons of political wisdom and moral reflections, that will be sure to produce beneficial effects upon those to whom they were communicated. They may be led to think for themselves, without which no learning can profit them, and to seek to avoid the errors which they may fell into. The fruit of the tree of knowledge may be sweet or bitter as it is wisely chosen, and the secret of the selection is worth knowing. At all events, the teachers of wisdom will inculcate the doctrines of self•control, and the benefits and bless ings of instruction can never be manifested in a higher or holier manner than when they enable heir recipients to meet the calamities of life in a spirit that looks beyond and above them, certain that they cannot be overwhelming if they leave untouched the feeling of self respect, and secure in their final discomfiture in so far as concerns their victory over the better part of our nature. healths and has exposed them to a risk which may be considered as uncalled for and unnecessary. In consideration of these facts it has been sug gested in many quarters that it would be wise to remove the seat of government from Calcutta to a healthier city. There is no absolute reason why the Governor-General should hold his court ou low ground, in a country whore low grounds are, under present conditions, notoriously unhealthy. The question of salubrity should be one of the very first considerations, and there is no reason why a spot should not be selected situated on higher ground, in a more temperate ciimate, vet ich should combine all the advantages of Calcutta with others which Calcutta never had. There is nothing in the posi- L tion of Calcutta which renders the thought of such • a transfer particularly inconvenient or injurious to [ the public service; in fact, nothing can be more . injurious than the rapid succession of deaths which may well deter men of independent position from accepting offices for which they have to pay with their lives. This matter is well worthy of the attention of the authorities, and would be a sub stantial benefit to all concerned. In the meantime, as this is not an affair to be settled in a day, let what can be done be done towards improving the condition of Calcutta with the least possible delay. It may not be feasible to change the climate or raise the soil, but at least all the dangers may be modified. It is surely possible to enforce some sanitary regulations to compel the natives to bury or burn dead bodies of all kinds, to establish a system of something like drainage, to lend every assistance to the irrigation schemes which pro mise to supply Calcutta with good and pure water. Whether or no it remains the seat of Government, Calcutta will probably always continue to be a place of English residence, and therefore the time and money expended in rendering it less un healthy will be far from thrown away. Th© sums expended on public works will not be begrudged in either country; and whatever labour and skill can do to mitigate the evils of climate and situa tion ought to be forthwith done. Drainage is cer tainly possible there as elsewhere, and the proper steps should be at once taken. Sir ARTHUR COT TON undertakes to carry a liberal supply of water to the tops of the highest houses in Calcutta. Why does not the Indian Government encourage and forward his plans, instead of turning a deaf, or at least an unwilling, ear to them ? The works at the Godavery have proved so marvellously remu nerative, although incomplete, that there is no ex cuse on the ground of expenditure; but even if the outlay were never to be repaid in cash, it is time that our statesmen should learn to reckon national health and vigour among a country's most precious possessions. We trust that Sir JOHN LAWRENCE, warned by the fate of his three immediate succes sore, will speedily look to these matters, and that the official staff, both at home and in India, will help instead of hindering him in such endeavours In nothing has there been a more marked change 'or the better in the aspect of society during the last en years than in the interchange of iJeas and the mingling of classes. The schemes set afloat for education have been most fruitful in bringing about this happy result. Not alone have the institutions that have sprung up through the length and breadth of the land been productive of benefit as regards their immediate object, but they have been potent agents in approximating interests and attracting various ranks by the spell of a common influence. The aristocracy have been most active in many directions in aiding and assisting the great work of education. 'The starched proprieties of an earlier generation would have been amazed and incredulous beyond measure had any prophet of their days foretold the changes time would bring, that their immediate descendants should meet in conclave with the children of the sons of toil, whom they then regarded as almost without heads, and join in some degree in that community of feel ing which knowledge and learning can alone im part, the mighty levellers of the pride of the acci dents of birth and fortune, and the glorious uplifters of the humble and the poor. No one who does not study the subject in all its bearings can sufficiently appreciate the importance of such unions, temporary as they may be, and the interest imparted to such assemblages, uneventful and in consequent as they may seem to a cursory glance. Last Saturday Lord HARTINGTON spoke at the annual meeting of the East Lancashire Union of Mechanics and Literary Institutions and Evening Schools ; as many as one thousand attended, and prizes were distributed, the recipients having selected their own volumes in a manner which did great credit to their discernment. The resolution which Lord HARTINGTON moved was a very significant one, and is worthy of attentive consideration :—" That the number of scholars attending the evening classes throughout the Union, notwithstanding the unpre cedented distress which has prevailed during the yeara 1862-3, affords abundant proof of the perma nent attraction which a well organised and efficient system of instruction has for the young men sup ported by manual labour in this district." A more satisfactory statement could not be endorsed than the one put forward in these words, and it needs no great skill in divination, or very sanguine estimate of events, to declare that by adopting such a course the individuals referred to are doing their best to overcome the evils that have been brought upon them, and to rise superior to the depressing in fluences that have assailed them. No better way is there to resist the temptations and overcome the dangers which the chances and changes of this mortal life may occasion, than to fill the mind with useful knowledge and to cultivate the faculties and refine the intelligence. These labours may be toil some, and the result not so swift or manifest as might have been expected, but what portion is gained is a sure treasure for the possessor. He has a storehouse for the exigencies of hereafter that nothing can deprive him of, and he is more fitted to bear the inevitable ills that fall to the lot of humanity. The noble lord, in moving the re solution referred to, remarked that it would he as idle nowadays for a man to clothe himself in armour, and ride about for adventures, as to seek for any one who would contradict the assertion that education should be widely diffused. He then made some very pertinent observations on the pecu liarities of the Northern States. There is great truth in the summary that is heie given of the result of the sedulous instruction that is so rife in the New England States. The reason here adduced is a valid one, that the children are not well trained. They are taught to admire what is " large rather than what is good, and, above all, what is American more than what is anything else." This is perfectly correct, and it has been shown how lamentably these notions have worked, and what deplorable consequences they have en tailed, now that the theories are being put into e P ra ctice. Also, th e p ress i n A mer i ca exerc i ses a very aa r delet er i ous influence; and Lord HARTINGTON sucheaeblty readi reading. from Itis this well that ell tthe consideredu c a - tion of t h e teor7jPeople did not go far enough to enable these subjects at ti mes, and to ponder upon the t against the beneficial effect such extensiv e culture r easons which m i l i tate ought to produce upon the moral and mental c on di tion of a country. The Law Amendment Society, The third general meeting of this society was held last evening at 3, Waterloo -place, Pall-mall, Sir Richard Graves M'Donnell in the chair. After a few remarks from the Chairman, express ing diffidence in occupying the position of chairman after an absence of many years from England, a paper was read by Mr. Robert Wilson, on " Transfer of Title to Land." In it he submitted that posses sion was presumptive evidence of ownership irre spective of documents, and on the oth er L an d every departure f rom the simplicity of ownership was caused by documents, therefore h e p ropose d t h ey should re g i ster poss ession as the simple representa tive of a title that was simple, and as a basis for the registration of the documents by which for the time being a title is complicated. He explained that one of the great obects he had in view was to endeavour to turn back the attention of Mr. Torrens' papers on the " Transfer of Land and Registration of Titles," applied as supplementary to the Irish Estates Court Act. Mr. HENRY PALMER (secretary) stated that he had recently made inquiries into the working of the Lind Transfer Act, and that it appeared that the applications to the Land Registry Office represented property to the value of nearly two millions. An estate had been very lately entered of the value of £700,000, and those of the value of £50,000 value might, ou an average, be registered with an inde feasible title for about £5O as the expenses of the office. The principal charges would be for adver tisements, mapping, and surveying. The minor ex penses of the office would be the value of the stamp. He further stated that it was not correct that the majority of the applications Were by proprietors of land sold for building purposes. On the motion of Mr. T. Webster it was agreed that all discussion on the paper should be adjourned till the first week in January, when the discussion on Mr. Torrens's paper would also come on. The report of the committee appointed to con clude the negotiations with the Social Science Asso ciation for a closer union with that body, on the basis of the draft agreement submitted to the last meeting, was read. It recommended that the united associations should be called, the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, with which i 3 united the Society for the Amend ment of the Law." And that the first department of the united association should be styled, "The Department of Jurisprudence and Amendment of the Law." The meeting was then addressed by several gentlemen as to the details of the amalgamation of the society, and votes of thanks were passed to the officers who had, and those who were now, serving the society. The proceedings concluded by a vote of thanks to the chairman. SUDDEN DEATH OF MR. W. SALT, F.S.A., R. 5.1., THE BANKER._ Much surprise and re :;rat was caused yesterday, not only in the City but in the British Museum, by the announcement of the sudden death of Mr. William Salt, junior partner in the firm of Messrs. Stevenson, Salt, and Sons, the well-known banking firm in Lombard-street. Mr. Salt was at the British Museum On Saturday, investigating matters relating to the topography and antiquity of Lis native county, Staffordshire; and was seized with a fit in church on Sunday morning, from the effects of which he died. Mr. Salt was a well-known and familiar visitor of the British Museum reading room, from Lis love for local antiquarian lore. He was a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries and an active member of the Royal Society of Literature, besides being a zealous supporter of every charitable institution. He is known in the literary world by the number of old books ho has presented to or obtained for the British Museum. In 1544 ho printed a curious supplement to Dr. Harwood's edition of Sampson Erdeswick's " Survey of Staffordshire," the text of which iu many parts he revised. The copy in the British >•luseum bears the inscription from his own hand, " Only twenty copies of the list of MS. printed. No. I—British Museum." Mr. Salt was much respected in commercial circles, an d highly esteemed among literary men for his amiable dispo. sition and pleasant manners. Tie was a year or two short of 60 at the time of his unexpected death. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) T HE CONGRESS. _PARIS, DEC. 8. The replies of the Emperor of Russia and the Kings of Saxony and Wurtemburg to the Emperor's invitation to the Congress have been published this morning. The Emperor of Russia states that he has always recognised the utility of an understand ing among the Sovereigns. All the acts of his reign attest his desire to substitute relations of con fidence and concord for the state of armed peace, weighing so heavily . upon the peoples. His Majesty then says that he had taken the initiative in this direction by the redaction of his army, and continues : " Eventualities of a nature to menace the security and even the integrity of my states alone caused me to abandon this path. I have an earnest desire to be able to re-enter it, and spare my people the sac rifices which their patriotism accepts, but for which their property suffers. " Nothing could better hasten this movem than a general pacification of the questions which agitate Europe. I should be happy if your Ma jesty's proposition lead to a loyal understanding between the sovereigns; but for this to be practi- tally realised can only proceed from the consent of the other great Powers. It is indispensable for your Majesty to define the questions upon which an understanding would have to be arrived at, and the bases upon which it would be established. " The object of the pacification of Europe will always have my most earnest sympathies." The first conference took place yesterday, at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, for the conclusion of a treaty of commerce and navigation between France and Swe4en. THE SCHLESWIG-HOLSTEIN QUESTION. VIENNA, DEC. 8. The Vice-Admiral Irminger, the Danish. Extra ordinary Ambassador charged with the notification of the accession of King Christian IX., has left this city without being received by the Emperor. This circumstance is regarded as a confirmation of the view that, in spite of the withdrawal of the March patent, Austria still insists upon Federal execution in Holstein. A deputation from the Municipal Council of Vienna presented a petiti9n to the Emperonyester day relative to the Duchies of Schleswig and dolstein. The Emperor, in reply, said he did not deem it necessary to assure them that, in this question, he shoukl fulfil his duties as a Prince of the German Confederation, and strive with all his power for the preservation of the constitutional rights of the Duchies. His Majesty stated, however, that the Municipal Council would do much better if, instead of discussing high political questions, they would direct their activity more to commercial affairs. FRANKFORT-ON-MAINE, DEC. 5. The sitting of the Diet, which was to have taken place on Thursday, was adjourned to-day, and im patient folks imagined the week would not close without a definite decision. They have been de ceived, however, for the Diet will not sit to-day, but has postponed its meeting until Monday. This fresh delay is attributed to the difficulty of the two great German Powers i❑ coming to an agreement with the other members of the Confederation. Austria and Prussia, in fact, are in open oppo sition to their confederates, who persist in wishing to occupy the Duchies, in order to hand them over at once to the Duke of Augustenburg. The movement, however, continues throughout the country, and is strengthened by the efficial or tacit assent of the Governments. King Maximi lian of Bavaria it expected with the utmost im patience, as it is believed he will place himself with Saxony at the head of the German patriots. Com mittees are constantly upon the increase ; subscrip tion lists fill rapidly, many persons giving conside rable sums; recruiting offices have been opened— among other places, in this city—and men of great influence, through official position and fortune, figure among the most vigorous promoters of the movement. Little probability, therefore, exists that the minor States will change in opinion. Voluntarily or in voluntarily they are dragged on by their subjects, and several of the evening papers say that the rea son for the Diet not sitting to-day is that by Mon day all the envoys will have received full powers to vote the occupation of the Duchies. This pre supposes that hopes are still entertained of the two Great Powers ultimately joining the National party, considering themselves released from the Treaty of London by the promulgation of the new Danish Constitution in Schleswig. The official journal of the Grand Duchy of Baden speaks upon the subject as follows :-- "It is possible that Austria and Prussia, taking into consideration the manner in which they regard the obligations incumbent upon them through the Treaty of London, may be prevented from acting against the Protocol-King in the Duchies of Schleswig-Holstein and Lsuenburg. But this protocol in no degree imposes upon them the obli gation of undertaking anything in his favour, and of obstructing those Governments who, free from all real and fictitious ties, are ready to pronounce themselves against him, and to defend the good right of Schleswig-Holstein and of their Duke. Neither Austria nor Prussia are entitled to dictate laws to the Confederation in this respect, to cause the protocol of London to be ratified, and to indicate the moment when the Diet has to defend the resolution passed by the majority. These two Powers no longer possess the right of determining or rejecting the means fitted to put the vote of the majority in execution, or to attribute to an action in which they take a part, a character in conformity with their views. If the Diet passes any other decree than that of continuing the execu tion, the order given to the four States entrusted with carrying it into operation will have ceased to exist. The Diet must then issue fresh directions as to levying troops, as to their command, and as to the civil Commissioners it intends to appoint. The Groat Powers will there be entirely free to hold themselves aloof from these measures, conformably to the policy they still pursue. The Confederation has force sufficient at its disposal without them, to attain the object at which it desires to arrive, to give liberty to Holstein, and to continue the former right of alliance of Holstein and Schleswig." FRANKFORT, DEC. 7. The Federal Diet has passed by a small majority the resolution f9r Federal execution in Holstein, reserving to itself the settlement of the question of the succession. The order for the advance of troops into the Duchy WAS immediately despatched. DRESDEN, DEC. 7 (Evening). The Dresden Journal of to-day publishes a tele gram from Frankfort, stating that in to-day's sit ting of the Federal Diet the representatives of Weimar and Saxe-Meiningen introduced a proposi tion that neither the King of Danmark nor the Duke of Augustenburg should be recognised as the Sovereign of Lauenburg, but that the Federal Diet should rather take that Duchy under its own administration. This proposition wes referred to the committee, who ITill make their report and proposal thereon. FRANCE. BOURSE, Dec. 7.—The market has been rather more buoyant, and the business done shows an improvement. Threes, for the Account, are now at 67fr. 20c. Mobilier have advanced to 1,050 fr. Railway market firm, but without any material change in quotations up to the present time. The market closed as follows: 41 per Cents. ..... 94 90 Do. ead month 3 per Cents Do. end month 67 15 Credit Mobilier 1040 Do. end month 1045 Bank Shares 3350 Credit Fonder 1260 Roman Italian Loan 7l 70 Do. end Month 7l 45 New ditto Do. end month.... Russian Austrian Spauieh Threes — Hume Debt .. soi Deferred RA IL' 'AYB. Cash. Account. 970 970 970 .. 965 Orleans Northern New ditto Lyons and Mediterranean New ditto Geneva Southern .. Western Eastern .... Sardinian Austrian Lombard North of Spain Saragossa Ditto to Barcelona - - • • - 925 -- 885 -- .. -- - - -- • • - -- 680 - .. 683 75 510 - .. - - 476 25 .. 480 - 400 - 401 25 395 - 393 75 620 - .. 522 50 525 - .. 627 50 617 50 .. 620 - 300 - .. 305 - AMERICA. [REUTER'S TELEGRAM.] (Per City of London.) NEW YORK, Nov. 28, Morning. General Grant reports that Bragg is completely routed. Other despatches represent Bragg's army as nearly destroyed. General Meade has crossed to the south side of the Rapidan without opposition. It is supposed that a battle with Lee occurred yesterday. The Confederate military situation in the West is considered very unfavourable, if not disastrous. Stocks fell one to five per cent, on the news of Grant's victory, which also sent gold down to 43. The latter has since advanced to 44a. Ex change on London bankers' bills, 158 ; Paris, 3.65. Money tight. LITERATURE. The American Question. By Canon de Haerne, Translated by Thomas Ray. Bvo., pp. 114. .Ridg way. Although we by no means go with the learned and generous hearted author of this pamphlet on " The American Question" in much of his argument, we cannot but recognise in that argument of his an ability and an, eloquence en titling it to be regarded as one of the most remark able yet put forth upon The American Question since the commencement of Hostilities between those fratricidal belligerents, the Federals and the Confederates. Canon de Haerne, it should be observed, is himself a member of the Belgian Chamber of Representatives. He has the know ledge of a legislator, the powers of an orator, the genius of a statesman. He scans the American difficulty from the summit of the height, from under the shelter of the aegis of the institutions of a wisely monarchical and a purely constitutional form of Government. His views, as expressed in this now celebrated pamphlet, have won for them• selves a very large share of attention, and even, it may be said, too, of unaffected admiration throughout the intelligent masses of his own countrymen. The translator, in turning it now into English, has done good service (we doubt not, even where we least agree with Canon de Haerne), to the learned pamphleteer's reputation—to his reputation here in England, and possibly also upon the opposite shores of the Atlantic. At any rate, in one particular, the most vitally important of all in respect to the argument advanced thro ugh the medium of this pamphlet, we can go, we do go, heart and soul with the respected author of it— namely, in his profound and earnest abhorrence of Slavery as a political institution. The Publisher's Circular.—ln the number (629; just issued for the current half. month, we have, under the title of a mere list of books, as interesting a volume of 150 pages; profusely illustrated, really and truly, as interesting a volume as almost any of which it makes mention as recently published. It certainly surpasses everyone enumerated among its contents for the extraordinary variety and diversity of it as an epitome of current literature. JAMES DUFFIELD HARDING. The announcement of the death of the most eminent teacher of drawing in London, and one of the most conspicuous water-colour painters of his time, will be received with deep regret by the public. Few abler painters in his own line lived; a more conscientious master never. James Duffield Harding was born at Deptford in 1798. His father was a pupil of Paul Sandby's. He himself had 15 lessons or so from Prout. Once, by the advice of his mother, he attempted to draw the trees in Greenwich-park, but failed, and became a pupil of an engraver. After a year some fresh sketches of his from nature were painstaking and successful. At the age of 18 he received the silver medal of the Society of Arts. He now became a teacher of drawing, but he was not content with merely touching up the exercises of his pupils. He taught drawing so that his pupils might regard it as a means of studying nature and the higher branches of art. Most characteristically he wrote in the preface to his " Guide and Com panion to Lessons in Art;"—" I particularly desire it to be understood that every page has been writ. ten under the guiding principle that all true educa tion, of whatever kind, consists in the cultivation of judgment. The conviction of the applicability of knowledge is the starting•point and momentum of education. By this we arrive at correct opinions and sound judgment. This is the guiding star of the dawning mind. It marks its maturity and adorns its age." Mr. Harding, as a teacher, was re mar k a bl e i n more ways than one. He found great difficulty in finding examples of foliage for his pupils, and he turned his attention to the study of lithography. To his practised hand stone was no more difficult to work on than paper. Some of Mr. Harding's sketches are beautiful specimens. He was one of the first also to work on stone with a brush instead of a crayon, whereby greater facility in labour was en sured. His remarkable work, " Sketches at Home and Abroad," which he published in 1836, was a splendid proof of his ability. In his "Park and Forest" (folio), the studies of trees are inimitable for fidelity and brilliancy —true to nature, and bril• lient in artistic effect. Mr. Harding was one of the prinzipal members of the Old Society of Painters in Water-colours. It he was not the first to adopt the process of using body colour instead of transparent colour, he was the first who carried it out to any great extent, and it has since been carried out in all figure and land scape painting. Ten or twelve years ago Mr. Harding took to oil painting, and his works were marked by facile exe cution and brilliant touching. He desired admission to honours of the Royal Academy, and, in compli ance with the absurd rule which forbids a candidate from being a member of any other artistic society, he severed his connection with the Society of Pain. ters in Water-colours. He was not admitted A.R.A., and after some time he rejoined his old society, o f whict he was the ornament. Mr. Harding's sketches present eve r y var i ety, rang ing from Great Britain to France, the Tyrol, the Alps, Italy and Germany, sea and land, mown tain and plain, palace and cottage. THE ROYAL 6TYLE.—The King of the Gre e k s h as written to congratulate hi s f at h er on his accession to the throne. The letter commences With the usual formula among crowned heads, "Monsieur man Fr4e,". ikirtribt HER MAJESTY. WINDSOR CASTLE, Dec. 7. The Queen, attended by the Hon. Mrs. Bruce, walked and drove in the grounds this morning. Her Royal Highness Princess Louise took a car riage drive. His Royal Highness the Crown Prince of Prussia, attended by Major von Schweinitz, and her Royal Highness the Crown Princess, attended by Countess Hohenthal and Count Furstenstein, went to London, The Prince of Wales. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales and the Crown Prince of Prussia, attended by General Knollys and Major-General the Hon. A. N. Hood, left the Wi n d sor t erm i nus o f t h e G reat Western. Railway, in a first-class car r i age a tt ac hed to the ordinary passenger-train, a t 1015 a.m. yesterday' for Paddin g t on , i n or d er to v i s i t the S m i t hfield Club Cattle Sh ow , a t th e A gr i eu l tura l H a ll , Isling ton. The tr a i n convey i ng the i r R oyal Hi g h nes ses reached Londo n a t e l even o ' c l oc k . His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, and companied by their Royal Highnesses the Prince Royal of Prussia and the Duke de Brabant , honoured with their company last evening t ile performance of " Bel Demonic," at the Lyceum Theatre. The Duke and Duchess of Manchester, wb° arrived in town yesterday from Paris, left in the afternoon on a visit to the Duke and Duchess of Sutherland, at Lil" leahall, Shropshire. The Duke and Duchess of Argyll will leave town at the close of the week for Inverary, N. 8., for the fe w weeks preceding the opening of Parliament. The Earl of Westmoreland, according t o the latest telegram, is progressing favourably, and all danger io supposed to have now passed away. His Excellency the Earl of Carlisle, the Lora Lieutenant of Ireland, will leave town towards the close of the week for Castle Howard, Yorkshire, and will depart for Dublin early in the ensuing week. The Earl of Sefton arrived in town on Saturdsi from Croxteth Park, near Liverpool, and yesterday left on a visit to the Marq u i s an d M arc hi oness of Winchester, at A.mport House, Hants. We learn that the Earl of Radnor continues in excellent health. His lordship has entered his 85th Yea r ? and resides chiefly at his seat in Berkshire, dispensing hos pitality to all classes. The Countess of Listowel, who came to town from the Earl of Carysfort's seat, Elton Hall, left Belgrave-square yesterday for Convamore Park, coital Cork. Lord Wodehouse is expected to leave E n gland to •morrow on his special mission to Copenhagen, as Minis" ter Extraordinary to the King of Denmark. The Hon. Mr. Wodehouse, brother of his lordship, is likely to b selected as secret ar y t o hi s l or d sh i p ' s mission, and will leave the Hague to-day to enter on his duties. Lord Richard GrOsvenor, M.P., has arrived at Calverly Park on a visit to the Earl and Lady Constaues Grosvenor. Lord and Lady Rivers passed through South ampton yesterday for their seat Cranboarne Chase, in Dorsetshire, Sir J. Lawrence, the newly -appointed Viceroy of India, had an interview with the Ri g ht H on . Si r Cha 6 ' Wood, at the Inclia-office, yesterday. Later in the &IS' , Sir John had a long audience with the Right Hon. th e Chancellor of the Exchequer. .... ...._ Sir Henry and the Hon. Lady St. Sohn Mildnial are receiving a succession of visitors at their family sea t ' Dogmersfield Park, Hants, on the occasion of the county assizes. Mr. W. B. Beaumont, M.P., and Lady Margaret Beaumont arrived at their residence on the Terrace, Piec ti " dilly, last evening, from a Continental tour. The Dean of Bristol and Mrs. Elliot have re' turned to their winter residence, York.crescent, Clifton , from Ventnor. • THE GALE-LIFEBOAT SERVICES, ABERYSTWITII, Monday Night. In addition to the brief report which I forwarded on Saturday, I am happy to add that the lifeboat of the National Institution has returned home from her mission of mercy, having fairly won her laurels for the first time. I stated that the lifeboat went out on Saturday about three p.m., in the direction of Aberayron, a distance of 15 miles. The night having set in, and being pitch dark, the crew could see nothing whatever of the vessel supposed to be in distress, but they bravely held on until 11 o'clock, when they went into Newquay, twenty miles from Aberystwyth. There they heard of the position of the vessel, and were told that a boat from Newquay had boarded her, and had brought ashore the captain's wife and children. Early on Sunday morning the lifeboat went off to the ship and put five of her crew on board. After immense difficulty and great danger they succeeded in bringing the ship and her crew safely into Aberystwytil• The lifeboat behaved admirably on this occasion, and the crew have unbounded confidence in her. A great deal of anxiety prevailed throughout Saturday night and Sunday morning as to the fate of the lif e b oa t, as we ll as th e sinlh no tidings having been received of either, but when both returned to port they were welcomed by hundreds of cheer ful hearts. The vessel proved to be a brig belonging t° Scilly, bound from Dublin to Qardiff, The cost of this life boat was presented to the institution by Mrs. B. WO O(/ ' and the boat is called " The Evelyn Wood," after an offiee r of that name who received the 'Victoria Cross for his di e " tinguished services in the Crimea. SYMPA.THY.—The crew of the lifeboat at Filey, who Well ofl to save two out of three fishermen who had been capsize' from their coble during the late heavy storm, have gene' rously handed over to the widow of the poor fisherman Wh y was drowned on the occasion, the reward of £6108., granted to them by the National Lifeboat Institution for their prompt and valuable services. When the coble was upse t the poor man in question sank at once, having probablf been injured in the head by the capsizing of the coble. i t will be remembered that the lifeboat had only been on her station a few days, and that her cost was the generous gif t to the institution of the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress °I York. t h e l r ' ft eh ae f h bu e ol a f g o t o eos w f o i n tf h g l ea i s s Nt a wat l ei is oenk t a o :_l the ßifa f jerbg n oua o et b ot v ut i c t is e o s no r r e dt untidrsienri e Ina, 14 men sav e d ; s hi p David White Clinton, of Ne" Y e orlty 8 ; fishin g b oat of Tenby, 3 ; schooner Margaret an d Jan-, of Dublin, 5; barque Duke of Northumberland, 18 ; "1- sinavgedbovaetssoelf and crew w 2 o ; f s s ch ; o l o u n g e g r e E r c v on ig o i m la y a , t, of forty:llo°P of Fl vessel and crew of 4 ; s hi p J up i ter, o f London,B; e:ell:vneedsr Maria, of Aml wch, 4; scho oner H arry R uss ell, of G -19 : gow, saved vessel and crew, 6; schooner L'Esperance, of Nantes, 2; schooner Elizabeth, of Whitehaven, 4; barqu e Elizabeth Morrow, of Glasgow, 19 ; barque Confidence, of Liverpool, 23—Total, 125. Making a grand total of 351 lives saved by the lifeboats of the institution during t" present year alone. Besides these services, the lifeboats of the society at Walmer, Eastbourne, Aberyetwith, Buda haven, Southport, St. Ives, Lytham, and Fishguard, Pu t off on Thursday and Friday last, in replies to signals of distress, with the view of saving life from various vessels. but they were not afterwards required. These services arc often attended with as much danger as when the lifeboat brings a shipwrecked crew ashore, the gallant men lib ° man the lifeboats oftentimes being thoroughly exhausted. Indeed, in the case of the Walmer lifeboat the crew were out 11 hours, and returned home nearly perished with cold. The Ramsgate lifeboat, which is on the plan of the insti. tution, although not under its charge, was also instrumental during the gales of Thursday and Friday last, in saving 102 lives from various shipwrecks en the coast. Altogether nearly 14,000 lives have been saved from various ship wrecks since the first establishment of the Lifeboat Insti numr Ct is tution, for which it has gra nted rewards. A boat of its g reat life-saving fleet, a now part of in ourg 125 coast boats,where r be nearly every n effi c i en tly worked. As each lifeboat requires about £5 O a year to keep it up effectivel y , it will at once be seen tha t l arg e annual sum is indispensable to the i ns tit u tion's pro' gTes s in its good work. he lo y u c u a d u 1)°: THE CATHEDRAL OF ST. DAVID'S, having been reported by Mr. G. G. S:..ott to be iu a dangerous and dis: graceful condition, is to be restored. The estimated cost 0 1 the work is £30,000. A NEW EDIT lON OF BISHOP BERKELEY'S Woug s, fro m the Clarendon Press, Oxford, is in preparation, to be edited by Professor Fraser, of Edinburol, who is under' stood to have given much attention to Berkeley and his con' temporaries, and their controversies. A young son of Queen Pinnate, and se ver ° Tahitians, her relatives, who have gon e to Fra nce for their education, are now at Nisales. They aro to Pe ° the winter at the educational establishment at. Lavace l :f near Auch, under the direction of the Freres do Ploermsi, to whose care they have teen coeLied. DEATH OF A CENTENARIAN,—On. the 3d lo t ; [looms Davies, a superannuated pilot, died a t Frog-tee, Swansea, having attained the age of 100 y ears, witbi • days. Deceased was born on the 25 th of December, 17.7 „' _ Consequently, had he survived until ne xt ChristrnaB"l he would have been 100 years old. i` new awPorckesbiy j e e u t l l e ' s jElaougiun.enee a Rome," is the t itle o a be( tie, for Tar: colic ditti ditt, Sh a Alin Et (Bei Indi Il an] n Di k.; 014 I n i i; Ex cl i b Br at Di $ bii uen Dii hid b 0' gyi vi vr ee Di biii bit ~,biti . , iie2 .04 1 bitt bitt 41 1 st ri Ztel b 4t T t e i 13 itt F retie: I ta l3 4tt biat: I) iti .1 044 t 4A ." I i 8 3 ' ix 41‘