The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-24 00:00:00

TILE Cr _gm WAR IN AMERICA, (From the Times' Correspcmclent.) CLIFTON HOUSE, FALLS, Aug. 8. To eFe ape the horrors of the " heated term" the American phrase for the Dog-days, which have this year burst upon the land into the tropical se verity of 96 degrees in the shade, I have betaken myselif for a iew days to the pleasant purlieus of Niamira Falls. Had I merely wished to leave be hind me the suffocating streets and broiling pave ments of New York, where the victims of sun s t ro k e during the past week have amounted to more than 130, of whom upwards of 50 were immo lated in one day, and where a worse than Egyptian plague of mosquitoes renders life all but unendur able, I might have remained on the American side of the great cataract. Here, with the thermometer at 76, with no insoct in the air more noxious than a bee or a butterfly, with windows facing the most magnificent waterfall in the world, filling the eye with the colour and the ear with the murmur of cool waters, I might have found repose and comfort; but as, in addition to they physical pleasures, I wished to enjoy the moral satisfaction of treading upon a soil where the flag of ...gngland marks the ownership, where law reigns su,ureme, where the Government (if not the Administt Ation) possesses the love and confidence of the peo:ole, where no rumour of approaching convulsion fills t 'he air, where no conscription takes the husband from :lie wi f e or the son from his mother, and where the ./lands of one half of the community are not raised in ,deadly warfare against the other, I took up my parte: ll °n the Canadian side of the torrent—to study a nee vet phase of the great American civil war than Ne w York affords, and to note what the Canadians think of the not improbable contingency of a war between Great Britain and the Federal Government. Clifton-house is a favourite resort of Southern Americans, and of those natives of the Northern States who decline to take the oath of allegiance to a revolutionary despotism, or who have by their real or supposed " disloyalty" rendered themselves obnoxious to the authorities of Washington. Here they are safe from all molestation but that which springs from the presence of the übiquitous spies of the State Department. These e missaries of Mr. Se ward are both amateur and professional—male and female, American and foreign. The professional spies are the most numerous and the most mean. They note down who talks or dines with Mr. Vallandig ham, what refugees from the military tyranny of Gen. Schenk at Baltimore or Gen. Burnside at Cincinnati consort together, or what Englishmar. or Canadian indulges in a tae-a tete with a gentle man from New Orleans or Virginia. They catch up scraps and cdds and ends of conversation ; they sit, Yankee fashion, balancing their chairs, with their heels on the window sills or the balustrades, pretending to read the newspapers, but straining their ears to catch the disjointed fragments of the confidential talk of the bystanders. They claim previous acquaintanceship with persons who never saw their faces. They assume the guise of Southern sympathisers the better to draw forth the free thought and e xpression of those whom they wish to betray, and not unfrequently carry their impudence to the length of passing themselves off as British officers who have seen service in the South. They pretend to have travelled through the seat of war, and to have been with Gen. Beau regard at Charleston, or with Gen. Lee at the battles of Gettysburg, and resort to every despicable shift to worm themselves into the confidence not only of the American refugees and exiles, whom their dastardly reports may ruin, but into that of Englishmen and Canadians, to whom, fortunately. they can do no greater injury than a skunk or a polecat can do in the society of gentlemen. It must not be presumed, however, from this slight sketch that these creatures are peculiar to Niagara. They abound in New York and other cities, and, in fact, all through the North, and are maintained in their disreputable calling at a very considerable outlay from that all but illimitable fund of secret service money which the President and his Ministers are known to have at their disposal. No traveler can remain six hours on Canadian soil without recognising the fact that the sympa thies of the people are in favour of the S .uth. It was so from the beginning, is so now, and is likely to continue so to the end. Were the country polled upon the question it is probable that 75 out of every 100 Canadians, both of the East and the West, would declare themselves against the Federal cause. The Northern Americans are at a loss to un derstand the reason. They fancy that if the Cana dians were to revolt against the rule of Great Britain, and desire either to establish themselves as a separate nationality or to annex themselves to the Federal Union, Great Britain would resist by force of arms. They argue, therefore, that in striving to retain the unwilling South by the ageneies of fire and sword, and, if need be, of extermination, they are but doing what England would do to Canada now, and as it once unwisely strove to do against Federal America in the days of George 111. But the Canadians are better informed. They know that if a? majority • of their people were to vote themselves out of the British Empire to-morrow Great Britain would neither draw a sword nor fire a gun to compel their loyalty or their submission : and that the British people, sympathising with the British Government, whatever party might be in power, would cheerfully acquiesce in the decision of the Canadians, and bid them God speed in their new career. For these reasons they look upon the North as a nation of tyrants, at war with the principles of their own Government, and content to destroy liberty itself for the sake of the Union. They see how illogical as well as how cruel is the war which it thus wages. In spite of all considerations con nected with the question of slavery they sympathise with the Southern people in their gallant struggle to rid themselves of a partnership which,they abhor, and from future connexion with a people whom prior to the w - s.r they despised, and whom subse quently they helve learnt to hate with a bitterness unparalleled in. history. If the idea of annexation to the United States !ter recommended itself to the minds of any por tionof the Canadian people, as alike their destiny ande their interest, the progress of the war h as s phe t tlY weakened, if it has not utterly dispelled it. ame ca nny %. Scotch element prevails large l y know wh en v th em. They look before they leap. They in the hard are well off. They prize the bird They have see above the two birds in the bush. in the fate weather ship of the Yankee Republic covered that the gallant and in the foul, and have dis covered its ` b n i jallant vessel is not quite so sea worthy represent. They prefer imagined and its crew would o f f er the reality of liberty with out the drawba c k s constant electioneering, and think it a blessing tatt i er than a misfortune that a Governor of limited pow either for good or evil, should be appointed eyer e t T expe l); without the trouble, the inconvenience, who n i s e e, and the general nuisance of convulsing the dangerre to be involved In addition to this, they have to elect him. no e d ou ' lltry before they squestions that in the many intricate and North and South have yet to setrrtlll;3le o not desire even become good neighbours. can participation in controversies that may breed anarc hy and revolution in long and miserable suc c e ssion. They have not the slighest inten tion to submit themselves to the slaver y of a con scription ; to make themselves participators i n a debt as huge as that of the mother country, i n _ curved in about a hundredth part of the time; to share in the onerous taxation which it will entail upon themselves and their posterity if it be paid, or in. the shame of its repudiation should an indignant and dishonest people resolve to shake it off. What ever force of attraction, the Federal Government may have once exercised upon Canada has been changed into repulsion, and even the vision of inde pendence, once cherished by many as the natural growth and certain fortune of so noble a colony, has ceased to possess its former charm in their eyes. They see that Great Britain, strong with the strength and. wise with the wisdom of a thousand years, possesses to-day a more stable as well as a more liberal Government than it enjoyed a hundred years ago, while the great American Republic, that has not seen its ninetieth birthday, is falling to pieces, to be rt3placed, after a series of bloody and fruitlessstrugigles,by a relentless military despotism, that will allow no right to the people but the right of making money, to be taken from themby the tax gatherer. Annexation to such a Republic is not to be thought of ; independence alongside of it, without the support of the parent State, is as little to their minds. All the cry now is to strengthen the links that unite Canada with the mother country, and to borrow from it the last great ornament and cement of a permanent Governor in the shape of King or Viceroy of the Blood Royal of England. Whenever the Federal Government is in ill humour with great Britain—which is almost every day,—or whenever it wishes to regain the fast perishing favour of its own Irish citizens—which is about once a week,—it instructs its organs to threaten the seizure of Canada. The chief member and leading spirit of the Federal Government was not always so shortsighted. There was a time when Mr. Seward was a prudent statesman—a time when ha declared that on the inevitable secession of the South from the North the Americans of the North would offer to the world the sublime spectacle of allowing the disruption to be peaceably effected ; a time when he was not smitten with the madness of war; a time when he believed in the strength of great ideas ; a time when he would have loathed the thought that he could become, even in t he insanity of passion, the minister and agent o f a despotism, and at that time he uttered the following memor able words on the subject of Canada and its rela tions to the Federal Government. Speaking before the outbreak of the war, he said— " Hitherto, in common with most of my country men, as I suppose, I have thoughAtmCsarniacad, a merea,or,to speak more accurately, British strip lying north of the United S tates, easily de tachable from the parent Sta te, but incapable of sus taining itself, and therefore ultimately, nay right soon, to be taken on by the Fede ral Union, without mater i a lly changing or affecting its own condition or development. I have dropped the opinion as a Tu itional conceit. I see in British North America, stvetching as it does across the continent, from the shores of Labrador and Newfoundland to the Pacific; and occupying a considerable belt of the Tempera:o Zone, traversed equally with th e United StiOes by.the Lakes, and enjoying the magnificent shores of the St. Lawrence, with its thousands of islaeds in the river and gulf, a region grand enough for ti seat of a great Empire. In its wheat fields in the Wee, its broad ranges of the chase at the Nortb, its inexhaustible lumber lands, the most extensive now remain: 0g on the globe, its in valuable fisheries and its yet undisturbed mineral deposits, I see the elements of wealth. I find its in habitants vigorous, hardy, energetic, perfected by the Protestant religion and British constitutional liberty. I find them jealous of the United States and of Great Britain, as they ought to be; and therefore when I look at their resources I know they cannot be conquered by the former nor permanently held by the latter. They will be independent, As they are already self-maintaining. Having hap pily escaped the curse of slavery, they will never submit themselves to the domination of slaveholders, which prevails in and determines the character of the United States. They will be a Russia behind the United States, which to them will be France and England. But they will be a Russia civilised and Protestant, and that will be a very different Russia from that which fills all Southern Europe with terror." Since Mr. Seward thus spoke Canadian jealousy of Great Britain has diminished, while Canadian jealousy of the United States has largely increased. At the same time, the desire for independence has all but died out. If he and his Government should be so wicked and so unwise as to seek occasion of quarrel with Great Britain, and attempt the inva sion or occupation of Canada, they will find that its " vigorous, hardy, and energetic people," who count about as many millions as the Americans of the era of Washington, will render such an account of the invaders as will duplicate the experiences of the present war, and prove how impossible is the subju gfation of a nation that is determined to be free. The Canadians have up to this time been somewhat luke warm on the subject of their defences, but the apathy appears to have been the result of incre dulity. They have not believed in the danger, and have consequently taken no means to avert it. But at the first summons to arms, at the first unmistakable symptom that war is upon them, there is no reason to doubt that for every 20,000 men tat Great Britain shall send them the Canadians will raise 100,000 to fight for their free dom and the maintenance of their connection with the mother country. Whether in such a contingency the Government at Washington attempted to seize Quebec or Halifax, or to march an army of occupa tion to Montreal, the Canadians, backed by the power of Great Britain, would be far more likely to annex to their territory the State of Maine than to be annexed or conquered by the Americans. Such, at least, is the present feeling and convic tion of the great majority of the Canadian people whether of British or French extraction. The Canadian Britons have as little liking for the "Yankees" as that entertained by the people of South Carolina, which is the most emphatic term of contempt which the French Canadian can use towards an American is conveyed in the word " Bostonais"—their synonym for all that is base and unworthy. The great favour with which the idea of the colo nisation of the arable lands of the Hudson's Bay Company —the creation of a line of colonies from the Atlantic to the Pacific, all on British territory, and their union under one of the sons of Queen Victoria, of Viceroy, King, or Emperor, has been everywhere c received dahaa, in British America, and more especially in proves, if it prove nothing else, that the peopl e h ave high awicipations of • the future destiny of that magnificent region. It also proves how little either now or hereafter they have, or are likely to have, in com mon later w i s t h h a thell or F h d ae I ll n e t t . m p e r r e i s c e a r n v s e , t w h h e i e r t h l e i b r e t r h t i e e s s e , Their dream of the future is that which Mr. Seward s • has depicted —an empire stretching from ocean to ocean, with railway and telegraphic communication from Halifax to Vancouver, tree from the contag ion , the guilt, and the embarra ssment of slavery, in the enjoyment of a climate better adapted, with its bracing cold, to the lull development of the phy sical a nd intellectual energies of the Anglo-Saxon, the Anglo- Celtic, and the Anglo-Scandinavian races than the warmer regions of New York and Penn sylvania; but without that independence of the mother country, which Mr. Seward imagined to be alike their wish and their destiny. There are, no dou at, many and formidable difficulties in the way of the union of these provinces ; bat that the influence of the civil war has been to de-Americanize their sentiments and their aspirations, and to draw them more closely than ever into politicimpossibleal ands n oci o a t i relationship with Great Brita in, it to believe. For the first time in their history the Canadians have awakened to the conviction that the Federal Republic—or despotism, whichever events may make it—will not and cannot be their attack friend, and if they would, in case of an , secure the material aid of the mothe r country to the extent of the last man and the last shilling they must show that they value the con nexion sufficiently to defend themselves by a general muster of their whole able-bodied male Population to resist invasion. There are many persons in England who think that colonies are at source of weakness rather than of strength to the parent State, and who would be only too glad if Canad a would set up for herself, or join the Federal Union ; b ut w hil e C ana d a rema i ns o f th e contrary opinion, O prove herfpaiitnhiobnY h a e n r d w o s r t k r sa,i n t s here ev i e s ry litt n le erve to proba bility, in view of the contingencies of the American Civil War, b ot h in th e either the North and in the south, that People er th e Governm e nt of Great Britain will shut their eyes to the future of British as healthful ose t regions a desire for building up in those ki n dred Empire, that may stand towards Brazil Great Britain in the relation in whi ch to Portugal. The " b a l ance of power,' standslonger s no con fined to the Old World ; it has extended itself to the New , an d the Federal Uni on , rendered War like by its misfortunes, and aggressive by its desire to retrieve them, will need a strong Power to the north of it—a Russia, if Mr. Seward prefers the phrase—to compel it to keep the peace. Its in. veterate purpose is to cripple England, to whom it THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, AUGUST 24, 1863. owes everything, even its territory, and to reduce that " Mother of Nations" to the rank of a third rate Power. British America, on the one side, if wisely fostered in its growth by the Home Govern ment, and Mexico on the other, may perhaps be the agencies which, if they do not humble the pride of the Yankee Government, whether Republican or Imperial, may at all events teach it to know its proper place in the world, and keep to it without offence to its neighbours. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. SPECTATOR.—The Austrian Emperor's address is not by any means a bad speech, or unworthy either of the rank of the great Sovereign by whom it was read, or of the ability of the statesmen by whom it may be supposed to have been prepared. There is a trace in every line of an honest desire to bind Germany closer together, and the reference to the grand obstacle, the attitude taken by Prussia—the most delicate point in the speech—is at once straightforward and manly. The Emperor frankly regrets the absence of his great colleague, but there is no mistaking the meaning im plied in the advice, " Let us preserve for mighty Prussia the place to which she is entitled, and let us hope that our unity will produce an indelible impression upon all German hearts." The statement, too, that "the peoples:must parti cipate in the Bund, in order to give it new vigour," will gratify a- growing German sentiment, while the distinct utterance, " I see no prospect of finding a firm basis in the question relative to the future of Ger man y by means o f pro longed deliberations," shows that one member, at least, of the Federation is weary of endless talk. But the speech must be read by the light of the proposal which it was in • tended to introduce, and so read it will for the majority of Germans and all the rest of Europe resolve itself into words. The grand coach is put forward, but the Emperor really rides in a cab. The grand project of reform, so loudly proclaimed, so splendidly dressed, resolves itself into a cumbrous scheme for the increase of Austrian influence within a still dis united Confederacy. It sweeps away the Diet, which has never yet accomplished an act, to replace it by an organise tion which can, indeed, accomplish many, but none of the kind for which the heart of Germany craves. The whole pith of the plan lies in the scheme for securing a strong executive power. The legislative arrangements are evidently of very minor importance, and if Germany is to remain a mere congeries of Sovereign States, we do not know that they have been very unskilfully devised. They do, not, indeed, secure the smallest power of internal improvement, but they do partially transfer the power of resisting change from the Kings to the people. The power of legislation is to be entrusted to a very Conservative and excessively cumbrous, but still united Parliament, composed of two houses, with widely different powers. The Lower, or popular House, styled the House of Delegates, will be composed of 300 representatives elected by all the German Diets, two-thirds being named by the Commons and one third by the Peers. The proportions will be Austria, 75; Pru.sia, 75; Bavaria, 27; Saxony, Hanover, and Wurtem burg, 15 each ; and the minor principlities and cities from twelve to one, an arrangement which gives Austria and Prussia united a fair half of the House, but also ensures to the Catholic States a clear working majority. The Dele gates will vote by majorities, and will have power to pass resolutions on questions connected with alterations in the Bund, on the budget of the Bund. on matters connected with the press, on the right of association, on the right of narrow range of subjects, h domicile, and on other m i nor quest i ons. E ven upon this offer wishes, fcr on th e c l ose of the i r s i tt i ngs t h e A ssem bly of Princes ,4 will take intoc o o w n e s v id e e r r , a t t h io e n d a e n le d g fi a n te a s lly ca d n is o p n o l s y e of the propositions made by" the Chamber; in other words, the Princes will be even more absolute for resistance than at present, because relieved of the check of local discontent , Nobody will even know which of the Princes has resisted each propositi on , an d t h e dissatisfaction of any one G erman State will break it se lf to pieces aga i nst co ll ect i ve G erma n royalty. Take, f or i ns t ance, as t h e examp l e mos t eas ily understood, the gener a l l aw o f th e p ress . I n or d er to ob tain uniformity, th e one or t wo St a t es i n w hi c h th o rough liberty is enjoyed must be resisted, in order to meet the views of States like Austria, where editors are still impri soned ; or Prussia, where six newspapers have been sup pressed in one day. Otherwise, the Princes will reject the law, and uniformity will be as far off as ever. On the other hand, supposing the Princes ever to yield a liberal law, the press would be beyond the caprices of individual Princes; for, as the initiative rests with the delegates, and the majo rity of the delegates are appointed by the Commons, they have only to refuse to bring new bills to keep the old free system inviolate from any legal attack. That is an enor mous gain —one so great as to almost compensate for the excessive power assigned to the Princes. The pith of the plan is, however, the new executive power. There is to be a Directory of Five, to be formed of the Emperor, the Austria, the King of Prussia, the King of Bavaria, and two other members elected by the small principalities, all sitting under the presidency of the first and voting by majorities. To this Directory enormous powers are conceded, the management of all foreign affairs, the appointment of all ambassadors, the control of the army, the suppression of internal disturb ances, the expenditure of the Federal budget, and the con vocation and prorogation of the House of Delegates. It can even declare peace and war, with the consent of the Federal Council, a body of 21 Counsellors in practice nominated by itself, the majority in the Directory having also a majority in the advising body. In other words, the Directory would be for most German purposes, and all foreign purposes, a most effective executive, one which,could it but be accepted and work harmoniously, might be an irresistible political power. But then what chance is there of acceptance or harmonious working ? The first glance at the scheme shows that it is one for the permanent nullification of Prussia. There are five votes in the Directory, three of which—his own, that of Bavaria, and that of the smaller pro-Austrian States—will invariably belong to the Emperor. Austria would, in fact, be advanced to the political sovereignty of Germany, and this, without securing to Germany in her turn the slightest prospect of fusion. LONDON REVIEW. It is rather whimsical to think of his Caesarean Royal Apostolic Majesty going to meet the assembled sovereign princes of Germany in the free impe rial city of Frankfort, to propose for their discussion a Ger manic Federation reform bill. There are four Kings (but the King of Prussia s tands al oof) and five Grand Dukes, with as many Dukes w ho do not style themselves Grani, half a dozen burgomasters,Re publican who have met in c onc l ave t o h ear the Emperor of Austria propound his scheme of a new Con stitution for the German Union. What will they make of it ? Let us first see what sort of thing it is. The Federal Executive is to consist, as we have seen, in its active part, of a Directory, or Cabinet, being the three Sovereigns of Austria, Prussia, and Bavaria, which are the only German Powers, together with two Princes from among the minor German States. This league of monarchs, supported rather than controlled by a Federal Council of deputies from most of the State Governments—Austria and Prussia having each three votes while other States have but one--is to provide for the defence of Germany against all foreign foes, and likewise to suppress all internal disturb ances. Diplomacy and military operations will belong to the Directory of five monarchs; but they must obtain the consent of two-thirds of the votes in the Federal Council before declaring war. There can be no doubt that Ger many, with this organization, could more readily exert her whole strengih in self-defence if she were menaced by Russia or invaded by France. The vague desire for a closer national union, which has been fermenting in Ger man minds for many years past, arises mainly from an un easy consciousness of the fact that Germany lies at the mercy of the two compact and powerful empires on her eastern and her western frontiers. At the same time, it is to be feared that, with a Fed e ral constitu tion,twoorthreeleading States might practically , in which determine, by their agreement, the question of peace or war, Germany would be liable to be dragged into many disputes foreign to the real interests of the German people, and re lating more especially to the non-German dominions of the Austrian empire. There are two members of the Confedera -1 tion, Austria and Prussia, which rank among the Great Powers of Europe. These have their own ambitions, their own allies and enemies, their own policy to serve. It would scarcely tend to secure the happiness and tranquillity of the smaller German States if they were to be compelled, at the bidding of a majority of votes in the Federal Council, under Austrian dictation, to engage in a war with France and Italy upon the question of Venetia, or with Russia upon Polish and Eastern questions. Another function of the Di rectory, as we perceive, is to put down all internal disturb ances in Germany. Now it is probable that this interference of the Federal Power would only be called for in the case of a revolution breaking out in one of the German States, and of the failure of its prince to subdue the revolution. We should then see the new Government of this State, a Government de facto, and entitled to general recognition, assailed and overthrown by the whole military force of the Confederation. The Directory of five German Sovereigns might even choose to regard the most orderly and legiti mate exercise of political freedom, in any German State, as a crime against the Federal peace and order. We do not imagine that the domestic liberties of Germany would be much advanced by their practical interpretation of this rule. If we look, also, to the list of those subjects of legislation, upon which the Chamber of Delegates is to be allowe d to debate, we find that they include " matters connected w ith the public press, the right of association, the right of domi cile, and sundry other matters of inferior importance." No resolution, however, of the Parliamentary Delegates will have the force of law, unless it be adopted by the Assembly of Princes ; while, for aught we can see, the Assembly of Princes may pass laws of their own, quite independent of any proposition from the Chamber of Delegates, who will not have a veto on this Royal legislation. Whether or not, as a whole, the Austrian scheme of Federal Reform will commend itself to the sovereigns now assembled at Frank fort, we are not yet able to say. But since the members of the Liberal and Constitutional party, from all the German States, held their meeting, curiously enough, this very week, and in the same city, we may expect very soon to learn what is their opinion of the Austrian scheme. Mean time, the once constitutional kingdom of Prussia abides in her sulky isolation, and lets judgment against her go by default. EXAMINER —ln the Diet at Frankfort, and in the Coun cil of Princes, such ashas just been called, Austria presides, not merely by virtue of her having so long held by inherit. , ance the Imerial Crown of Charlemagne, but by virtue of the superior numbers of her population and armies. But Prussia contains a greater number of Germans, and is by nature, if no longer in fact, the undoubted head of North Germany, a region which far exceeds the South, and especially Austria, in wealth, development, intelligence, and population in proportion to the soil. With such conflicting claims the pretensions of Austria and of Prussia are irreconcilable, and the minor States are, though numerous and populous, so divided, that no joint action can be established amongst them, so as to enable them to counterbalance or arbitrate between the two great monarchies. Neither side displays moderation, or shows any real wish for a compromise. As to Prussia, her policy has been to form a lesser or new Confederation, leav ing Austria and her adherents out ; whilst Austria makes proposals which treat Prussia as a small State, of at least no more importance than Bavaria. As long as the two great Powers of Germany put forward such irreconcilable claims, anything like common action, agreement, or result is impos sible. Let us, for instance, examine the proposal just made at Frankfort by Austria. It reduces Prussia to a level with Bavaria, and gives the one as much influence and as many votes in the Federal Executive as the other. Austria con sents certainly for herself to take no more than either. But Austria and Bavaria together have more votes than Prussia and the rest of Germany together ! In making such a pro position the Emperor of Austria and his ministers must have known that Prussia, whether, under sane or unsane Government, could never consent to it. The loss of a battle of Jena would, indeed, scarcely induce Prussia to stoop so low. And if Prussia did consent, Northern and Pro testant Germany would refuse to be thus placed in the hands of the Catholic Powers of the South. It is needless to discuss the other portions of the Austrian Constitution for Germany,—a princely House of Lords to begin with, that is, the Executive puffed out into a Legislative Body ; and, moreover, this Princely Chamber giving the power to nominate one-third of the representatives of the people in the Lower Chamber ! Was ever anything so preposterous and absurd ? Whatever may be the possible amendments in the Constitution of Austria, most certainly that which has been concocted and offered to Germany is the most ludicrous abortion that ever came from the constitution monger. We must confess to having thought the Austrian Court cleverer. It would have been easy to put the King of Prussia as much in the wrong with respect to Germany as ha unfortunately is with regard to his own dominions. And had the insulting offer of putting Prussia on a par with Bavaria been accompanied by any real and liberal concession to the German people, the Prussians might then have been hooted down as the great obstacles to Reform. But as it is, Prussia can easily come forward to point out that the Aus trian proposal is a mere tub thrown to the whale, a play thing set before the Princes, a scheme not capable of being realised, and utterly worthless if it were. Here, too, we find an advantage of diversity over unity. If unity at present prevailed in Germany, as it does in France, that unity would be despotism. And such a scheme as that propounded by the Emperor Francis Joseph might defy the criticisms of the press, because it would be in the fetters of a universe 1 censorship. But now the Prussian press is free, when it will, to expose the futility of Austrian legislation ; as the Austrian press has liberty to discuss the shortcomings of the Prussian monarch. There, again, is the National Union, a patriotic association of German Liberals. If the Govern ment were one, it would be soon put down. Whereas now it contrives always to find a refuge and a place of meeting ; if nowhere else, at least in the dominions of the Duke of Baden, or the Duke of Saxe-Coburg, two potentates who are stainch Liberals and Constitutionalists. We should, there fore, recommend the Germans to go in quest of liberty first, and secure it, ere they insist too strongly on unity. This was the loudest cry of the French in 1792. So they have got unity as one of the results of the revolution; but it is unity with a vengeance —unity that leaves no possibility of stirring, or of thinking, much less of writing. Heaven de lend Germany from the unity that her neighbours have won, and are contented to enjoy COURT JOURNAL.--The following is a complete list of the Princes, &c., now in Frankfort for the purpose of taking part in the Congress : The Emperor of Austria, the Kings of Bavaria, Saxony, and Hanover, the Crown Prince of Wurtemburg, Grand Duke of Baden, Elector of Hesse, Grand Duke of Hesse, Prince Alexander of Hesse, Prince Henry of Holland, the Duke of Brunswick, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Duke of Nassau, Grand Duke of Saxe, Duke of Saxe- Mdningen, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Grand Duke of Me cklenburg-Strelitz, Grand Duke of Oldenburg, the Hereditary Prince of Anhault-Dessau, the Prince of Schwart zburg - Sonderhausen, the Prince of Schwartzburg- Rudolstadt, Prince of Lichtenstein, Prince of Waldeck, Prince of Reuss (younger branch) ; the Burgomaster of Lubeck (Herr Bremer), the Burgomaster of Frankfort (Dr. Muller), the Burgomaster of Bremen (Dr. Ducknitz), the Burgomaster of Hamburg (Dr. Haller), making altogether 21 Princes and four representatives of free towns. The Kings of Prussia and Denmark, the Princes of Anhault- Bernburg, Saxe-Altenburg, Reuss (elder branch), Hesse- Homburg, Lippe, and Schanenburg-Lippe, who constitute the remaining members of the German Confederation, are neither present themselves nor represented by deputy. As yet the Emperor, Kings, and Dukes at Frankfort have only dined, but there was a ghost at their banquet ; it sat in the empty seat of the King of Prussia, for whom a cover was laid; how will it mar the digestion and the spirit of the after proceedings ? The speech of the Emperor of Austria was simple and sensible. It spoke of general unity, banished all thoughts of aggrandisement and robbing one another, which was genteel, at least, and such as we are accustomed to in good society in England. 'What is the object of unity if there is to be no robbery ? Why, to act against a common outward foe, we presume, and to act for the best internal interests of the land. The liberal character of the Emperor of Austria will secure the people their share of advantages in their in ternal arrangements ; and the outward foe, whoever he may be—and who can he be ?—must feel himself consider• ably smaller by the Frankfort dining out of the Emperor, Kings, and Dukes of Germany. Murder of a Young Lady by her Lover. On Friday evening a shocking tragedy took place at the seat of Capt. F. G. Goodwin, of Wigwell Hall, near Wirks worth, in the county of Derby. The victim was Miss Eliz beth Martha Goodwin, 22 years of age, daughter of Henry Goodwin, Esq., of Chester, and granddaughter of Captain Goodwin. The murderer is Mr. George Victor Townley, of Manchester, who is about 25 years of age. He is connected with a family of high standing and influence in that city. For some time he had been paying his addresses to Miss Goodwin, who had latterly manifested an attachment to wards another gentleman in the neighbourhood. About a fortnight ago Miss Goodwin wrote a letter to Mr. Townley, in which she informed him that she wished their engage ment to be broken off, as she had formed an acquaintance with another gentleman. To this note Townley replied, asking her for an interview, and stating to her his intention of going abroad. On Friday morning he arrived at What standwell-bridge,Aple 1 0 0 e rsw o .B c Hbt l lh o eae c rf k r t , rs a het n voi d m l. d made ohir o.mb Harris,tat his w ay e Wirksworth.tsochool from Manch es t er , b y ra il a b out half-past m aetschoolmaster. D He ring t t h h e e r i e r conversation Townley asked hi m if h e th oug h t It wou ld b e i h n e •an t he in d t e er h v b i t ew he wi m th ig M ht is h s y Go se o h d d w i i n n g . her a note requesting her to grant him one. He appears to have done so, and later in the day he proceeded to Wigwell Hall, Mies Goodwin told the housekeeper that if Mr. Townley came he was to be admitted. About half-past five o'clock the young man went to the hall, requested to see Miss Goodwin, and entered the house. He afterwards ac companied her into the Hall grounds, and was in her society for some time. During their walk it appears that town ley told the young lady unless she made up her mind to accept his advances he would prevent her from encourag ing the attention of others. Previously to starting on their walk Miss Goodwin told her servant to come into the grounds and inform her when tea would be ready, which she accordingly did. Miss Goodwin returned to the Hall, and during the evening told the house-keeper the substance of her conversation with Mr. Townley in the grounds, remarking that he had requested her to meet him again, and that she had consented to do so. Miss Goodwin then went into her grandfather's room, read a newspaper to him, and afterwards took tea, during which he manifested no excitement. During the lapse of time which intervened between their first interview, Townley walked about the grounds, waiting for Miss Goodwin's arrival. The house keeper advised her not to see Townley after the threat he had used. She went, however, and proceeded into the lane adjoining the Hall grounds. After some time Reuben Con way, a farm labourer, beard a low moan. On going to the spot he found Miss Goodwin bleeding from several severe wounds. He asked her what was the matter, and she said, " Do you see a gentleman standing in the lane ? he has done it." Conway said that he did, and after remaining for several minutes with Miss Goodwin, he told her to sit upon the ground while he went to Townley, who was returning towards them, and he admitted that he had done the deed. Conway then left the murderer with the unfortunate victim, and heard him, in bitter terms, exclaim, "Poor Bessie!" He saw him stoop down and kiss her fervently on the cheek, and attempted to stop the bleeding. Conway then went to the Hall and obtained assistance, Townley himself helping to bear the body of the unfortunate young lady into the house. Dr. Mant, of Wirksworth, was immediately sent for. He found an insised wound on the right side of the neck, and a severe stab in the shoulder. Townley deliber ately gave himself into custody, and told the constable that he "had done the murder," and admitted it to Captain Goodwin. The prisoner, who exhibited the utmost com posure, while all others in the Hall were in a state of the greatest excitement and trouble, was removed in custody to Wirksworth. On the way he made no secret of the offence with which he was charged, and delivered up, among several other articles, a clasp-knife, with a blade about four inches in length, which was stained with blood. An inquest on the body was held at Wigwell Hall, on Smut day afternoon, before Mr. Bennett, coroner for the dis trict. A large number of people from the immediate neigh bourhood aEsembled at the Hall during the inquiry. Mr. Harris, schoolmaster, of Wirksworth, deposed that Mr. Townley, of Hendham Villa, Queen's Park, Manches ter, came to him some time in the morning and asked if he ttiought he might obtain an interview with Miss Elizabeth Margaret Goodwin. He told him to write a note, and he did not doubt but that he would obtain an interview. He appeared to be in a perfectly sane state of mind at the time, and spoke rationally. Elizabeth Poyser, housekeeper to Captain Goodwin, said her mistress told her that if Mr. Townley came to the Hall she was to admit him. They appeared to have been on the best of terms, and when he came she, of course, invited him into the Hall. Miss Goodwin and Mr. Townley shortly afterwards proceeded together in the gardens. Witness sent word to her that tea was ready, as she had ordered her so to do previously to leaving the Hall. She told her that Townley had intimated that if she did not choose to encou rage his addresses he would prevent her from encouraging the advances of others. After coming to the Hall, before taking tea, Miss Goodwin read the newspaper to her grand father. After tea she went out for the purpose of meeting Townley. She was out for perhaps an hour, when a mes senger came to the Hall for assistance to help to carry the body to the Hall. Townley assisted in carrying the body to the Hall. Reuben Conway, farm labourer, in the employ of Mr. Isaac Bowmer, said he heard a sort of low moan while on his way to Wirksworth. He proceeded to the spot, and found Miss Goodwin on the roadside in the lane near to the Hall. He asked her what was the matter, and she asked if he saw a man in the lane, and he replied he did. She said that he was the man who had inflicted the in juries. He went to obtain assistance, leaving Mr. Townley with Miss Goodwin. When he had got a few yards from them he saw Townley stoop down and kiss her cheek, and heard him say, " Poor Bessie," He appeared to be staunching the wounds. Witness obtained assistance, and returned to Miss Goodwin; and Townley eagerly assisted in carrying what appeared to be the dead body of Miss Goodwin to the Hall. Police constable Farnham was sent for, and took Townley into custody. Townley appeared perfectly cool and sane during these proceedings. Mr. Newton Mant, surgeon, of Wirksworth, deposed— Mr. Bowmer came for me about 9 o'clock on Friday even ing. He said that Miss Goodwin had been murdered by a man in the road. He asked me to go immediately to Capt. Goodwin's house. I went with him into the kitchen and found the corpse of Miss Goodwin lying there. She was dead, and had been so some 20 minutes. No blood was issuing from any of the cuts. I examined her and found several wounds, one on the left side of the neck about three inches in length, and about one inch and a half in depth, extending to the vertebraas, which were severely damaged. The bone appeared, so far as I examined, to have been broken, caused, no doubt, by some sharp instrument. I found another wound on the left shoulder, of the appear ance of a stab or puncture. I pressed my finger through the wound into the shoulder joint. The knife produced is one likely to have caused the wounds in the neck and shoulder. The carotid and jugular vein were separated. She died from the loss of blood. I should think the blow was from the side, and was quite sufficient to cause death. Police-constable Farnham, of Wirksworth, said—l went to Captain Goodwin's house, and there saw the prisoner. He came to me and said he wished deliberately to give himself up for murdering the young lady. These were the words he used—" Please to remember that I gave myself up." I cautioned him, and asked if he knew the nature of the charge, or what he was giving himself into custody for? He replied,'' Quite so, and I will go quietly with you ; only let me see her first." He did so e looked stedfastly at her for about a minute and a half, but said nothing. I then took him to the lock-up. On the tiwnimoreitthe letters,tg ane calm.ne and other a ol instrument, tf — h e o s r : aatr t et h ihoc e rel articles. knife himweather, o n & 3 his. way he said, " I feel more happy now than I did before I did it, and I hope she is so." Afterwards his remarks were arr H iv e al e ft ') theeer appeared c k t e - lock-up, and found on him a liquor flask, a silver watch, some I w as i k th ed w h h i i m eh w h h e at h h a e d h d a o d ne do th n e e deed. He then produced this knife which was covered with blood, and gave it to me. He took it from his left-hand pocket. The coroner went through the evidence, and the jury at once returned a verdict of " Wilful murder" against George Victor Townley, who was committed on the co roner's warrant for trial at the next assizes at Derby. The pr i soner appeared perfectly calm and collected while under arrest in the kitchen of the Hall during the inquiry. He day (Monday) before the Wirk e will e sworth ma de no remark s during Ada pr H b b r ought up th is bench of magistrates. [ADVERTISEMENTI—OOnsumption, all nervous, bilious, liver, and stomach complaints, in every stage, are only ag gravates and accelerated by drugs of every description, but perfectly curable by Du Ba rr y 's health restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, as proved by thousands of cases which had been considered hopeless. We quote a few.—Cure No. 62,914. Miss Lange, 18 years of age, cured after the medical men had abandoned all hopes of her recovery from the last stage of Pulmonary consumption, with fearful cough, expectoration, exhaustion, spitting of blood, perspirations, hollow cheeks. emaciated to a skeleton. She is now, thank God, a perfectly healthy, blooming. fleshy girt—N. Lange, Cornmissaire de Police. Cure, No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement. and partial deafness,—Cure, No. 47,121. 31188 Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indig,estlon. gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure, No. 64,816. The Rev. James T. Campbell, Fakenham , Norfolk, of indigestion and torpidity of the liver, which had r esisted all medical treatment . In tins, 11b, 2s 9d; 21b, 4 s 6 d; slb 1 1s; 121 b, 22s • 241 b, 40a. Barry du Barry and Co., No. 77 . Regent-street, London ; also Fortnum and Mason; and all grocers and chemists in every tows of the United Kingdom. ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE. HOME CIRCUIT.—CROYDON, AUG. 22. (Before Mr. Baron Bramwell and a Special Jury.) SE3IAN Y. COPELAND. This was an action to recover damages, in the shape of penalties, from the defendant, who is the proprietor of the Royal Amphitheatre, at Liverpool, for having played a piece called " Jessie Brown, or the Relief of Lucknow," at his theatre without the consent of the plaintiff, who was the author. The defendant pleaded that the drama in question was not the property of the plaintiff. Mr. M, Chambers, Q.C., and Mr. Laxton were counsel for the plaintiff; Mr. Lush, Q.C., and Mr. Murray were for the defendant. Mr. Chambers said the plaintiff in this action was a dra matic author, and although he had not obtained a high cele brity in that position, he had,nevertheless,been the author of a great many successful dramas that had been played at seve r.l of the minor theatres in London, and at different country theatres. The defendant was the proprietor of the Royal. Amphitheatre, at Liverpool ; and the action was brought against him by the plaintiff for having played one of his pieces a number of nights at his theatre without his permis sion. The act of Parliament that was passed upon this sub ject entitled the plaintiff under these circumstances to all the profits that were derived from such performances; but it also enacted that certain penalties might be enforced, and the object of the present action was to recover from the de fendant 26 penalties of 40s. each. The defendant answered the action by asserting that the play in question was writ ten by an author of much higher position in the theatrical world than the plaintiff, viz., Mr. Dion Boucicault, and he shielded himself under what he could only describe as a most unjust act. The name of the plaintiff's piece was " Jessie Brown, or the Relief of L u cknow," and the subj ec t was derived from the melancholy proceedings connected with that siege and the romantic incident of a Highland girl, who was made the heroine of the piece, Jessie Brown, hearing the approach of the Highlanders under General Havelock when the garrison was almost at the last extre mity. This piece was sold to Mr. Lane, of the Britannia Theatre, Heaton, and was played a great number of nights, and the plaintiff was paid the usual sum as the author. It was afterwards played at other theatres, and the plaintiff had no idea that his drama had been pirated until he read an announcement in the Es a, a newspaper that devoted a good deal of attention to theatrical matters, that a piece under the same name, the author of which was stated to be Mr. Dion Boucicault, was being played in America, the part of the heroine being performed by Miss Robinson, a lady whom Mr. Boucicault had since married. Mr. Bouci cault subsequently came to England, and produced the celebrated play of the " Collen Bawn," and at this time he published a list of the pieces of which he claimed the authorship, cautioning managers of theatres not to per ' form them without his sanction, and among them was I this play of " Jessie Brown, or the Relief of Luck now." A quarrel having taken place between Mr. Web ster and Mr. Boucicault, the latter went to Drury-lane Theatre, at which establishment he brought out this piece of " Jessie Brcwnr striking out, however, the surname of Brown, and calling it " Jessie, or the Relief of Lucknow." He should show them that this piece and the one written by the plaintiff were identical in almost every respect and it appeared that Mr. Boucicault had g i ven his sanction to the present defendant playing the same drama at his theatre at Liverpool. The present action was therefore brought for the purpose of putting a stop to the plagiarism and pirating that had bee n go i ng on, and if his learned friend did not call Mr. Boucicault as a witness to give some explanation to the jury, it appeared to him that his omitting to do so must be taken as an admission of the "soft im peachment" that he had been guilty of cribbing and pirating the work of the plaintiff. Mr. Edward Stirling, stage manager of Drury-lane Theatre, proved that in the month of June, 1862, the drama called " Jessie, or the Relief of Lucknow," was performed at that theatre. He went to Liverpool in November for the purpose of superintending the production of the same piece at the Royal Amphitheatre, belonging to the defendant The drama was produced on the 15th November, and it was the same piece that was played at Drury.lane. The wit ness then identifi e d a manuscr ipt th a t was handed to him as a copy of the manuscript of the piece that was played at Drury-lane and at Liverpool. Cross-examined—Previously to the piece being played he had seen the American printed edition. Mr. Boucicault wrote another act to that edition and heightened the parts, as it was termed in theatrical phraseology, and several new characters were introduced. The drama was taken from one of the incidents of the Indian mutiny, when the garrison of Lucknow having lost all hope of relief, Jessie Brown—a young Highland girl—heard the approach of the bagpipes of the Highlanders, under General Havelock, coming to their succour. All the other incidents led up to that. In Mr. Boucicault's piece the action commenced in India. In the plaintiff's drama the scene commenced in Scotland,. where Jessie was the servant of a Mrs. Campbell, the wife of an officer, They all go to India, where the husband died, and Nana Sahib was introduced, but not by that name. It was thought that he would be too repulsive to an English audience, and he was called Ghoolam Singh. He was supposed to make love to Mrs. Campbell, who repulsed him, and in consequence of this he is supposed to persecute the British. The mutiny then breaks out, and the parties are all at Lucknow, and at the last moment Jessie hears the bagpipes. Two comic cha racters were introduced in the plaintiff's drama—Mr. Sniffles and Mr. Ginger, and there was no character of this kind in the drama of Mr. Boucicault. He considered there was no resemblance between the two pieces until they got to the fourth act, and then the incidents were necessarily the same. There was no Nana Sahib in the plaintiff's piece, but there was a similar character called Mahound, the butcher of Cawnpore. In that piece also two Highland farmers were supposed to go out after Jessie. Baron Bramwell—Why ? Mr. Lush—l dont know, my lord. (Laughter.) The witness said they were her lovars, and supposed to follow her to India. Re-examined—He had only read the plaintiff's drama cursorily, and he did not discover that the two comic cha racters in it had been rolled into one comic Irishman in Mr. Boucicaules piece. Baron Bramwell—Two Scotehmen rolled into oue Irish man! (Laughter.) Mr. Chambers—Yes, my lord. That's what we say. Mr. Seman, the plaintiff, was then called. He said that he was an actor, and also wrote for the stage, and in 1857 he wrote the drama of " Jessie Brown, or the Relief of Lucknow," which was played at the Britannia Saloon, 'Holton, and was very successful, and ran for three months. Ho did not know that a 2iece under the same title was being played in America until he read a statement to that effect in the newspaper ; but he could not, of course, then interfere. Some time afterwards Mr. Boucicault, who represented himself to be the author of that piece, came to England, and he wrote to him upon the subject, but did not receive any reply. He went to Drury-lane to see the piece per formed, and from the rising of the curtain till it dropped, he considered that his own idea of the Scotch girl was ap parent throughout the whole piece. The witness went on to deny that he had got the idea from a newspaper, - but he admitted that his drama only consisted of two acts, which occupied an hour and five minutes in playing, while that of Mr. Boucicault was in four acts, and occupied three hours and a half. Baron Bramwell here inquired of Mr. Lush what his case was ? ➢Tr. Lush replied that his case was that the two pieces were entirely dissimilar, and the idea of each was merely derived from a report of the incident which appeared in the newspapers at the time, one of which he produced. The plaintiff was then cross-examined at some length. He denied that he took the idea of his piece from the news papers, and said he thought he got it from a song. He said he took his " idea" to Mr. Lane, of the Britannia Theatre, and he approved of it, and purchased his drama. His piece had never been printed, and he had never seen the printed drama of Mr. Boucicault. Mr. Lush then read a portion of the newspaper report, and the plaintiff, after some hesitation, was obliged to admit, or it was at all events apparent, that the expressions made use of by Jessie in his drama were the very same that appeared in that report. He also admitted that. the final tableau in his drama was copied entirely from a picture in the Illus trated Times, and in his own manuscript he referred to that picture as a copy. Mr. Chambers said this was his case: Mr. Lush said it appeared to him that there was no case at all to answer. Baron Bramwell said he should like to know what the jury thought of it. The jury said they were unanimously of the same opinion. Mr. Chambers said as this was the case he should elect to be nonsuited, and The plaintiff was accordingly called. Baron Bramwell expressed his opinion that it was scan dalous that such an action should have been brought, and it appeared to him that there was not the slightest foundation for it. There are still 30 common jury causes remaining to be disposed of. There are three special jury causes remaining, and it has been arranged that the case of " Woolley v. Pole" shall not be taken until Tuesday. POLICE INTELLIGENCE.--Aug. 22. MARYLEBONE.—A tall, stout, dark-whiskered man, named George Ballard, residing at 9, Seymour-place, ap peared before Mr. Yardley to answer a complaint made against him by Frances Williams. The complainant, about 18 or 19 years of age, stylishly dressed, and good-looking withal, said—l am a young married woman, living in the same house as the prisoner. For the last fortnight or more he has been making his " obedience" to me, both when he sees me by myself and also in the presence of my husband. Mr. Yardley—What do you mean by his " obedience ?" Complainant (blushing)—Well, sir, if I must tell, I must. He nods and winks at me, as if he was making love to me. (Laughter.) Does he laugh at you as well ?--Yes, sir. Last Saturday night he was winking at me, and I told him I did not wish for his attentions. He made use of bad language, and said something about my eyes. He afterwards struck my hus band, and I took hold of his (defendant's) waistcoat. Defendant—Whiskers you mean, you fascinating creature. Complainant—l wouldn't take that liberty. Well, sir, I clung to his waistcoat, and he struck me in the eye and blacked it. Defendant—Do say the right word, " whiskers." Complainant, in reply to questions from the defendant, said—The first time I spoke to you it was to pass the time of day. You have spoken to me, and nodded and winked, and done all you could to make my husband jealous. (Laughter.) Joseph Williams, about half the size of defendant,said— I am a saddler, and husband to that young lady (turning affect;onately to complainant, who reciprocated the smiles). He then scowled fiercely at defendant, and said to his worship—For some time past this man has been making " obediences" to my wife to try to cause me to be jealous—(laughter)—and I have not half liked it. (Roars of laughter.) Mr. Yardley—Has he succeeded in making you jealous P Husband--Well, no ; not at present. He said he would speak to her whenever he liked, and where he liked. I told him he should not, when he kicked me behind and struck me. My wife held him by the waistcoat and got me away. Cross-examined—l might have called you a black muz zled dirty hound. You made your "obedience" to my wife, to make me jealous, but it's no go. (Laughter.) Defendant, in the midst of roars of laughter, said—l have my own wife in court, if your worship would like to look at her ; she is quite as good-looking, and I believe I love her as well as any other woman. I have lived in the house for nearly four years, during which time this young man came to lodge there, and has recently married this fascinat ing young wife. Her fascinating ways have quite capti vated him. I think the saddle should be on the other horse, for I believe she has been trying to make my wife jealous. On returning home the night that they speak of, they were both at the window, She cailed me a vile name, and he called me a black muzzled hound. I said if he came out I would kick his posteriors. As he came out I kept my word, and sent him half way across the street. After this we had a struggle, and somehow his dear love got struck. It's all a fallacy to say I'm jealous of her, although she has got all her trinkets upon her. Mr. Yardley had no doubt that the defendant had made " obedience" to the complainant, as she termed it, with a view to excite the ire of the husband against her. He had behaved in a most insulting manner. He was then fined 10s., or seven days' imprisonment. _ . The defendant paid the money, and left the court with his own wife. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Horniman's pure Tea; very choice at 3s. 4d. and 45. "High Standard" at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every town supply it in packets. THE ILLNESS OF LORD CLYDE.—The sad illness which has robbed the country of one of its noblest heroes undoubtedly arose from the toils and hardships of his soldier life. It was no mere "atrophy" of the frame, such as enervating old age brings to the idle as to the bold in arms, and it is just that we should say it, for it seems only to add another, though a mournful, claim to our tender reverence and high regard for this simple hearted and devoted soldier, to know that in his death he paid the debt of injuries self-inflicted on his health by hard service to his country. Lord Clyde was natu rally of a very vigorous constitution, and immense chest development in proportion to his height. During the Indian. mutiny campaign in Oude he was thrown vio lently from his horse, dislocated his right humerus into the axilla, fractured a rib, and suffered afterwards some in flammation, both pleuritic and pneumanic. He never felt thoroughly well since that accident, After his return to England he had two or three attacks of congestion of the lungs, associated with bronchitis and enfeebled action of the heart. One of these attacks preceded his late fatal illness. During his last sickness he was attended by the medical officers of the Chatham garrison, Surgeon Major Summers (Royal Engineers) being, we believe, in immediate medical charge, assisted by a daily consultation with the principal medical officers and others. Prof. Longmore, Mr. Cutler, and Dr. 'Watson paid some visits during the course of the illness. Their opinion pointed but too clearly to the fatal result. The chief symptoms indicated fatty de generation and dilatation of the heart, but without any ap parent valvular disease; imperfectly aerated blood, and consequent disturbance of the brain and mental functions, oedema, with orthopncea, and restlessness; these were the sure forerunners of the end. And, in fact, the disease con sisted of general enlargement as to weight and bulk of the heart, fatty degeneration and dilatation of the auricles, It was obvious that the duration of the disease was upwards of two years. Lord Clyde died, not from the wasting atro phy of age, but as directly in the service of his country, and from the weight of the heavy toils and great blows which he bore in that service, as though he had fallen on the very field of one of those battles in which he so often led to vic tory.—Lancet. ALARMING ACCIDENT AT BLACK- FRIAR'S-13RIDGE. On Saturday an alarming accident occurred at the works now in progress for the erection of a via duct for the London, Chatham, and Dover Railway, across the Thames at Black friars. Of late immense masses of scaffolding for laying the foundations of the bridge have been raised at intervals right across the river, leaving here and there open spaces in a lino with the arches of the old bridge for the pur poses of the navigation. These works rise to a great height, and, being in themselves somewhat pic turesque, people collect on the bridge in great num bers from day to day to witness the operations, which were being pushed forward with astonish ing rapidity. As usual in great engineering un • dartakings, travelling cranes are in use for carrying materials along the line of operations, and especially for lifting masses of granite which are being used in the structure. They run on lines of rail, and can be readily moved from place to place. One of these cranes, a ponderous thing of itself, was being transferred from one part of the works to another on Saturday afternoon about three o'clock. It was worked in the pro cess of removal by seven or eight men, whom it car ried along with it, bearing thus its own motive power, when, in crossing one of the spans left free for the navigation, a beam of wood on which the machine travelled gave way, and the crane, with the whole of the men upon it, fell sideways with a fear ful crash into the river from a height of about 40 feet. For the moment, the excitement which the incident produced among the people on the old bridge is said to have been so great as of itself to give cause for ala rm. They collected in a state of con sternation all along the eastern parapet, end the crowd kept increasing for some time. A barge, with two men on board, belonging to Brentford, was passing below at the time of the accident, and one of the men is said to have been hurt, but to what extent could not be learnt, by the falling materials. Two, if not more, of the seven or eight men who fell with " the traveller," were so much injured as to render their removal to an hospital necessary, and there was a rumour on Saturday evening that one was wholly missing. It would appear, however, from inquiries made in various quarters last evening that they were all picked up alive, but on Sunday, when all the operations at the bridge were suspended, it was difficult to learn the exact truth. A minute or two before the accident a river steamer crowded with passengers passed the spot where the crane and the broken timber fell, and the people on board had thus a narrow escape. During the whole of yesterday the bridge was crowded with people talking over the accident, and watch ing the operations for raising the traveller from the bed of thelriver, where it endangered the navigation, already sufficiently intricate,while these engineering works are in progress. It is understood to have been removed towards evening. ANOTHER ACCOUNT. On Saturday afternoon an accident happened at the new bridge now in course of erection at Black friars for the London, Chatham, and Dover Rail way, which might have been attended with very serious consequences. A travelling crane upon which seven men were at work was crossing a tram way between two of the wooden piers, when sud denly, from some cause at present unknown, one of the cross girders gave way, and the crane with the men upon it fell with a tremendous crash into the water. A barge which was passing at the time was between the piers when the scaffolding broke, but the men on it escaped i❑ the most miraculous man ner with a few cuts and bruises of no consequence. The men on the crane also had a marvellous escape, only two of them being seriously hurt, the others getting off with a wet jacket, and a hard knock or two. One of the men received a scalp wound and a severe cut in the leg, he was taken to St. Bartho lomew's Hospital, where he now lies. On inquiry yesterday morning we were informed that he will be able to leave the hospital in a few days. The other, who was carried to Guy's Hospital, left as soon as his wounds were dressed. There are several rumours about that some of the men are missing, and that the captain of the barge was drowned, but there is no foundation for them. One of the river steam boats passed the spot where the accident occurred, only two or three minutes before the crane fell; had it been underneath the tramway at the time the consequence would have been fearful. Divers were at work yesterday during nearly the whole of the day recovering portions of the broken traveller. As yet no cause has been assigned for the accident. COUNTRY MARKETS. .04.• . -, GRANTHAM--SATURDAY. An average quantity of wheat, and prices is to 2s lower. —Old white wheat, 478 to 52s ; red, 458 to 49s per 36st. ; malting barley, —8 to —s per qr ; grinding, 29s to 32s ; oats, 24s to 268 ; beans, 38s to 40s ; peas, 37s to 395. NORWICH• .SA.TIJRDA.T. The supply of wheat at market to-day was not so large, and again consisted principally of the new crop. The trade was dull, and prices gave way is to 2s per qr. 1 White wheat. 46s to 49, Red wheat 43s to 48s Malting barley ... 38s to 40s Chevalier barley 36s to 37s Distilling d 0..... 33s to 35s Oats.. 249 to 288 Flour, 32s 6d to 33s Od per sack from the miller. NOTTINGHAM -SATURDAY. There was a fair show of wheat to-day, and the demand was very moderate, at a reduction of is to 2s per quarter. —White wheat, from 46s to 498 ; red wheat, 46s to 475. Barley—malting, —s to —s ; grinding, 27s to 295. Oats, old, at 25s to 31s Od; new, 24s to 265. Beans sold at 41s to 46s per qr. ; new, 38s to 425. LEICESTER-SATURDAY. Old white wheat, 46s to 50s ; sew, 47s to 498 per 36 stone. Old red, 44s to 49s per 36 stone. Barley, malting, new, 34s to 38s per qr.; grinding, 27s to 30s; old oats, 27s to 3Js; new oats, 24s to 26s per 24 stone. Beans, new, 38s to 42s per 38 stone ; flour, 30s to 35s per 20 stone, NORTHAMPTON-SATURDAY. There was a good supply of wheat to - day, the new crop being well represented. The demand inactive, and lsdowr. —White wheat, 44s to 47s ; red, 42s to 45s ; fine, 47s to —s per qr. Barley, 36s to 408— grinding, 29s to 38e; Oats, 30s ,to 32s per 24 stone. Beans,.3ls.to 40s. Peas, 36s to 42s per qr. YORK— SATURDAY. There was a tolerable show of wheat to-day, and the sales were slow, at is to 2s per qr lower than last week's rates. Oats dull, with a tolerable supply, and prices were slightly lower. Barley scarce, but a healthy sale. Beans firm, and in favour of sellers. Wheat,:red 44s to 46s Oats.... 2os to 24s White do .46s to 50s Beans ..38; to 42s Barley .30s to 32s Peas ....—s to —s Malt, 62s to 648 per qr. ; rye, 32s per qr ; flour, 33' to 35s per sack. [ADVERTISEMENT.] —Holloway's Ointment and Pills - Outward Sores.—Daily experience confirms the fact which has triumphed over 27 years—that no means are known equal to Holloway's remedies for curing sores, wounds, diseases of the skin, erysipelas, abscess, burns, scalds, and, in truth, all cases where the skin is indoors broken. T o cure t h ese infirmities quickly is of primaryimportance, or the com pulsory confinement weakens the general health, The ready means of cure are found in Holloway's Ointment and Pills, which heal the sores, and expel their cause. In the very worst cases the Ointment has succeeded in effecting a perfect cure, after every other means had failed in giving any relief; desperate cases beat display its virtues. Births. BARRY. — On the 21st inst.,_ at Man or -h ouse , A s h, S urre y, the wile of Captain W. H. Barry, 73d R eg i men t, o f . CAYHROW.—On the 20th inst., at Alm'ners, Chertsey, the wife of Jas. Cathrow, Esq., of a SOIL HICKLEY.—On the 20th inst at Ashcot, Somerset, the wit° of Captain Vi ctor G. Hickley, Royal Navy, of * daughter. Marriages. MURRAY—CURL—On the 20th inst., at Skendelby,.Lin culnshire, the Rev. Geo. Wm. Murr a y, v i car o f Shriven ham, Berks, to Julia Mary, younger daughter of the late Wr. B. Mark, Esq., of Belford Hall, Northumber land, and th e l ate Lady Brackenbury, of Skendelby Hell' TILLY ARD—TRENCHARD.—On the 20th inst., a t Ssiiit Mary's Harrow-on-the-Hill, Henry Th omas Tillyardt to Amelia, eldest daughter of the late Geo. Trencharcif Esq. Deaths. ADK.TNS.—On the 20th inst., at Northampton, Mr. Joh n Perry Adkins, aged 44. BLAin.—On the 21st inst., at 12, Baltic Cottages. Marl borough-road, Queen's-road, Dal s t on , George Edwar d Blair, aged 67, faithful servant of Mr. Hathway, of the Royal Exchange, 46 years. Horx.nrsorr.—On the 19th inst., at Brighton, Arabella, widow of Charles Hopkinson, Esq., of Cadogan-Pla ce ' London, aged 86. JAMES. —On the 21st inst., at 26, Bennett-street, Black friars, Joseph Charles James, Esq., aged 55. A NDR II7s London : Printed and Published by WILLIA3I 2n2 of No. 112, Strand, Printe r , a t T UE SUN Officel°). Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the Coun t y Middlesex.— Monday, August W,.1863. J :„~