The Sun. — London, England, 1863-09-30 00:00:00

TIC" CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA, (From .the Correspondent of the Times.) NEW YORK, Sept. 18, The fear of a war with France, arising out of the Mexican question, and the well-known sympathies of the French Emperor with the cause of Southern independence, lies heavy on the spirit of such Americans as have time to think. Some of the journals continue to bluster upon the subject, and to vaunt that " our great country" can not only " whip" the South, but France, England, and Spain—not one down and. the other on, after the fashion of boxers and athletes, but all four at once. The silly braggadocio, however, falls dead upon the popular ear, and most people who condescend to argue the question think, with Mr. Lincoln, that one war is enough at a time, and deprecate any action with regard to the French Government which might ex pedite or cause a collision. Bat the uneasiness on the subject is great, and the advance of the Federal expedition through Texas to the Rio Grande tends to increase it. Three weeks or even ten days ego the and of the rebellion was generally believed to bo close at hand. To-day the beatific vision has changed its colours of light and glory into those of gloom andmarkiness ; and w ere th e S ecre t a ry ak' State to re sew his promise of pacification at 90 days, as a old, there is not a mercantile man in New York who would consider it of the slightest value. Nor is the aspect of foreign affairs altogether plea- sant as regards Great Britain. The New York Slanderer and Scarifier may cry out for the imme diate annexation of Canada, and proclaim thilt irre- pressible Yankee genius has invented, or speedily mill invent, engines of destruction that will blow the British isles out of the ocean, or at the very least burn Brighton, Hastings, Portsmouth, Dover, - Ramsgate, Margate, Sheerness, and even London, by. means of its monster Monitors and invincible iionelidei, firing redhot shot. and Greek fire into those defenceless towns and cities; but the drive' is either looked upon as clumsy jesting or the proof of dementia. The irritation against England is ex treme; but scarcely any one advocates war at this moment, except the journal above mentioned and the rowdies, who think the first duty of an American " patriot" is to stir up insurrection in Ireland, Ame ricanise the institution of Great Britain, and wipe the British Church and aristocracy out of exist ence. A more sensible, and, it must be added, an in finitely more numerous class than these we'd opinion that the British Government is really powerless to prevent the building of ironclads and other ships for Confederate use iti British ports, and that a decorous protest from Mr. Seward woul eet with a decorous reply from Lord Russell that 'c hi ld explain the real State of the laws of Great Britain on the subject, and help to allay the ill-feeling that unhappily prevails. And while such is the foreign situation, the domes tic or military one is not encouraging. There are suspicions, not only that Gen. Lee is in a position to force General Meade to accept battle, against the will of the latter, but that the mysterious evacua tion of Chattanooga by General Bragg covers a design the probable fulfilment of which will bring discomfiture upon the army of General Rosecrans. The obstinate defence of Charleston adds to the popular discouragement, and the feeling grows that that city may be utterly destroyed by Greek fire and guns of long range sweeping over and tcyond the doieltces, but that the defences themselves can never be taken by any force naval or military that the Federals can bring against them. In the midst of this perplexity and discourage ment the President has suddenly thrown what ho doubtless intended as a moral bombshell into the community by the suspension throughout his whole dominions of the writ of habeas corpus. The reason may be sought in the admitted failure of the con scription. With all the efforts which the Govern.. meat and its friends have made that unpopular measure has not produced more than 100,000—some authorities say only 80,000 men—above two-thirds of whom are substitutes, partly Irish and Germans newly arrived in the country, and partly veterans of the armies of the Potomac and the Cumberland, whose term of sere ice had expired. It has, theie fare, been resolved by the desperate heads that rule at Washington to order a second levy. Whether it shalt be for a quarter or half a million, or any intermediate number remains to be decided. As the first conscription was for 300,000 men, it will follow, if the whole were drawn, that 200,000 per sons have eech paid the Government 300 doll., and thus placed the Treasury in possession of the very considerable sum of C 0,000,000 dois.—enough to pay Mr. Stanton's war expenses for 30 days. Another haul, if the people sabmit to it, as in all probability they will—for civic courage to re sist oppression is a virtue that yet remains to be developed in America—will, perhaps, produce more money and fewer men than the last, and prevent to the extent of so many millions the inflation of the currency, which it is Mr. Chase's misfortune as a financier to deprecate while he pro duces, and to loathe while he embraces. But as it is possible that a second draught, coming so speedily on the heels of the first, may create opposition more serious than the Government has yet ex perienced, Mr. Lincoln has been persuaded to annul the law and the constitution, and to suspend over the whole country the operation of the writ of Habeas corpus. His proclamation to that effect was published the day before yesterday. Incredible as it may seem in Europe, and especially in England, where the writ of habeas corpus is considered as the main pillar of the constitution, to lay violent hands upon which is a crime next to sacrilege in the esti mation of a liberty-loving people, Mr. Lincoln's coup detat has excited but little attention. The Abolitionists, who called upon God to bless Abra ham Lincoln, for setting the blackmen free by pro clamation, call upon God to bless him for enslaving white men also by proclamation ; while the Demo crats utter a faint protest against this final act of usurpation, by which Mr. Lincoln has gathered into his:own hands greater powers than were ever wielded by a man of British birth, descent, and lan guage since the days of Henry VIII. Onefearless papenthe Few York Daily News, which alone of all the Pztea of America has the courage to advocate -peace, even at the price of the recognition of Southern independence, parodies the Abolitionist prayer that God will indeed bless Abraham Lincoln —bless him with intellect, which he does not pos sess ; with honesty, which he does not exhibit ; and with a true appreciation of the dangers of the course into which his reckless hands are driving the country, of which he does not seem to have even the faintest glimmer of nu idea. The public takes the matter verylcoolly—k, coolly as to justify the sus picion that it really don, not understand what the writ of habeas corptig, means, and has never heard of the struggles by which its blessings were wrested from the hands of despotic poeferby_ thebrave people of England, or that it is Be - s l ow to move on any spur except the love:of the dollar or an insult to the flag, or so demoralised by the wa r and the evil pas sions it has engendered as to care nothing about a matter so unimportant as its own libe rty. In the constitution of the United Sta tes—a docu ment wh i ch few of the Northern people, except lawyers, news. paper editors, and professional politicians, take the trouble to study, and of the provisions of which the masses are profoundly ignorant—the writ of habe as corpus, is only once mentioned. It is spoken of as a 1 privilege, not as a right—a designation to which Mr. Lincoln has scrupulously adhered in his proclamae tion. He thrice calls it a privilege, which he is authorised by the Constitution, as well as by the Act of Congress of the 3d March last, to suspend, when ever in the case of rebellion or invasion the public safety may seem to him to require it. Though the original framers of the Constitution were content to consider the habeas corpus as a privilege only, the fourth, fifth, and sixth of the 12 amendments ap pended to that document, and of equal validity with the text, state that the "right of the people to be secure in their persona, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated ; that no warrants shall issue but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and a' that in all criminal prosecu tions the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an im partial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed." But whether it be a right—sacred as the right to life—or a privi lege like that accorded b y the State to a ba n k or other corporation, a privilege which the State may withhold as well as grant, it has been swept away by a stroke of Mr. Lincoln's, pen, and the countersignature of William Henry Seward. At this moment the whole ncrth, east, and west are under the operation of martial law. Any person whom a military officer arty believe—or assert—to be a spy, a deserter, or an eider or abetter of the enemy may be seized in his home, a nd imprisoned as long as Mr. Lincoln or any of his Ministers pleases. No civil judge shall have the right or the privilege of inquiring into the case unless Mr. Lincoln pleases, and it shall be the duty of no jury to decide whether the suspicion on which the arrest was made was well or ill-founded, or whether the malice of a personal enemy, and not ;he act of the citizen himself, were the reason:of his incarceration. In a time of foreign war the crime of " aiding and abetting the enemy" may be easily defined, but amid the complicated miseries of a civil war such aiding and abetting admit of an elasticity of interpretation that may place the in dulgence of the commonest sentiments of affection and humanity at the mercy of the military power, and convert a once free and happy country into a pandemonium of tyranny. And no less remarkable than the stolid apathy, if not the positive approval, with which the measure has been received is the time selected by Mr. Lin- coin for its infliction. The profoundest tranquillity prevails throughout the North. The anti-conscrip tion party has been bought off by enormous bribery on the part of the manicipalists. There is not the slightest reason to believe in the existence of any plots for the disturbance of public order. The men who ought, from their social position and character, to direct public opinion are all engaged in money making, and care for nothing else. The professional politicians of both sides are - discredited. They are not only adventurers and schemers, and men with out principle, but they distract the attention of wisciand thrifty men from the 4' almighty dollar," from stock operations, from oftracts with the Government for the supply of leaky Ships; Of 'aged and infirm horses, of mouldy hay, of shoddy cloth ing, and of boots that wear out, in a day's march. Nobudy has any time, and few have any inclination for intermeddling in public affairs, and enacting in this hour of national peril : cairemunerative part of Hampdens S and Pyms. .to atmosphere of the grossest sensuality and corruption peryades society ; so gross that even the "rowdies" of street ap pear to be pure-minded and patriotic cite • IA when compared with the base commercial classes who flourish upon the expenditure of the war. So little do they care for liberty that they are not only wil ling, but anxious to sacrifice it, if by so doing they can secure the subjugation of the South, and the erection of the North into a huge military des potism, powerful enough to play the leading part in the politics of Christendom. It is not only the des cendants of Irish, Germans, Hungarians, and other Europeans who have immigrated into the country within the last quarter or half a century, who feel and think in this manner, but the Americans them selves—the descendants of the original colonists — the Quakers, the Independents, and the Pilgrim Fathers—who have allowed the Vestal fire of liberty to be extinguished in their hearts, and who knee down in the mire to supplicate Mr. Lincoln to rule over them without embarrassing himself or them with such idle forms and obsolete guarantees as were thought necessary to national happiness by those antiquated pedants George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Hamilton, Daniel Carroll, Patrick Henry, and Benjamin Franklin. Why Mr. Lincoln should have taken the trouble and incurred the odium abroad, if not at home, of declaring martial law at a time like this is difficult to discover, unless it be his fear that the new draught may too severely try the temper of this quiescent and easily-satisfied nation, and that the camel's back will not bear many more feathers. That this is the real explication of an otherwise in comprehensible policy would seem to be confirmed by the utter failure of all the attempts of the Re publican and Abolition press to justify the measure on the ground of its present necessity. They state that the action of the courts in granting writs of habeas corpus prevents the Government from pro curing the soldiers that it needs ; but, as the courts have granted no such writs except on the application of the parents of boys of sixteen or seventeen, who have enlisted for the sake of the bounty money, without the consent of their natural protectors; of the wives of men who volunteered in fits of drunkenness, and when sober repented of their act ;.and of aliens, able to prove their alienage, who have e been draughted into the army, contrary alike to national and to interna tional law, there does not seem to be any necessity for resorting to so sweeping a measure in order to kidnap so small a proportion either of willing boys or unwilling men, Sensible people do not kill mos quitos with swords, or burn down a city to roast a pig ; and even Mr. Liaeoln is not likely to have re sorted to a measure so mighty for a cause so trivial. To overawe the voters of Ohio, and make the ballots given for Mr. Vallandigham a military offence; to carry on all future elections under the auspices of the bayonet; and to procure by fear the levies which the Government cannot procure by love—such are probably the secret motives of a measure which makes the subjugation of the North anterior in point of time to the wished-for atibjugation of the South. The two circumstances may have no connection, but it is suggestive and curious, to say the least, that the suspension of the habeas corpus and the shutting up of Fort Lafayette for repair and enlarge mentrhave beers simultaneous. The 60 prisoners in that celebrated sea dungeon have been transferred temporarily to Fort Warren, in the harbour of Boston, and a large squad of masons, brick layers, and carpenters have taken posses sion of the fort. Some persona assert that the probability of a visit from one or both of the iron-clad rams supposed to be building in Mr. Laird's yard at Birkenhead for the Confederate Government, or the outbreak of a war with France for contempt of the great Monroe doctrine, has determined the Government to put the harbour of New York into a proper state of defence, while others are of opinion that the enlargement and re pair of Fort Lafayette will servo the double pur pose of harbour defence and the safe detention of three or four times the number of political prisoners which it has hitherto been capable of accommo dating. With a Government that looks so far into the future as that of Mr. Lincoln, and that is us mindful of the necessity of a strong hand at home as of a defiant:attitude abroad, it ie probable that the double purpose is the real one, and that Fort Lafa yette will not only mount a greater number of guns of long range and wide calibre than it has ever done before, bat that it will be so arranged as to provide lodgings for at least a thousand prisoners, in addi tion to those which it can now entertain. Among many scores or hundreds of men who have rendered themselves conspicuous in their outcry for a vigorous prosecution of the war, and the extermi nation, if need were, of the Southern people, few have been more zealous in the cause than the Rev. Theodore Tilton, who believes that the America of the future is to be an America of mulattoes; Mr. Edward Everett, once Minister to the Court of St. James's, and a candidate for the Presidency ; Mr. Wendell Phillips, the apostle of negrophilism ; and Mr. George Opdyke, Mayor of New York, and con tractor for the supply of army blankets and cloth ing, Of these gentlemen, only one, Mr. Tilton, is of the fighting age. The other three are all above 45 , and, therefore, non-liahle to personal service, unless they choose to shoulder the rifle as volun teers, Which not one o f th em h as manif es t e d th e slightest Inclination to do. Mr. Tilton was draughted in Brooklyn, and some curiosity was expressed among the peace party, though none among the Republican s or War Democrats, to know whether he would exemplify his doctrine by his life, and consent to make one in the army of General Meade. Mr. Tilton did not keep the Government long in suspense, but in a few days appeared before the Provost-Marshal, with a stalwart subject of the King of Prussia, who had seen service in his own country, had within a few weeks arrived in this, and had consented for a con sideration in greenbacks to be substitute for " War christian." The substitute was accepted, Mr. Edward Everett has two sons above the age of 18, and both of them were draughted. Mr. Everett may or may not have tried the power of persuasion ""!~-~ •- ~~►• - THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPITIVIBER 20, 1861 to induce them to grasp the rifle at their country's call, but if he persuaded, his efforts were unsuccess ful, and the paternal purse was lightened to the ex tent of 600 dols., as the sole means of reconciling the Government to the unpatriotic delinquency of these scions of a warlike house. Mr. George Op dyke's son was equally loth to incur the hardships of the battlefield, and without waiting to try the issues of escape, or the plea of physical inability, paid the State money onough to purchase either a Prussian or an Irishman. Mr. Wendell Phillips was in a similar predicament with regard to his son, whom the hard fortune of the conscription had refused to spare. In the case of so thorough going an advocate of the war, whose noble elo quence had so many a time and oft inspirited the bold, encouraged the timid, fired the lukewarm, and aroused the slumberer, it cannot be believed that the golden oratory was silent at the domestic hearth, and that he did not urge his son to respond with enthusiasm to the call of duty in a cause that he of all men must consider to be glorious. But the remonstrance, if made, was in vain. Young Mr. Phillips preferred to serve his country at home and in civil life, and paid his money as readily as if he had not been the son of the man who has done more than any one living to harden against each other the hearts of the Northern and the Southern people. Upon this subject the opinion of so well known and greatly respected an American as Mr. Thurlow Weed are entitled to a hearin g. Wendell Hehasn nothing as yet to say of Mr. Everett or Mr. but is particularly severe on Messrs. Tilton and Opdyke. "It is to be regretted," he says in an article in the Albany Evening Journal, signed with his initials, " that leading boisterous Abolitionists, who are ao free of their abuse of all who differ with them, fail to justify their precepts by their examples. The editor of the Independent, whose zeal for the draught led him to rail at all who questioned its wisdom, when draughted himself, ingloriously shirks from taking his share of duty and danger ! Shame on such a sneak ! Subject by law to military duty, and con stantly pressing others into the field, Mr, Tilton must be craven in spirit, without patriotism, pride, or manhood, to skulk a draught himself, while he is merciless in regard to the mechanic and labourer who is compelled to leave his wife and children. " Still more mortifying, if possible, is the course of Mayor Opdyke, whose draughted son, instead of gallantly stepping forward, as an example to poor men, skulks! The Mayor is filled with patriot ism at Conventions; he is gorged with Government contracts; he leans heavily upon the Government to make good his profits; but his son, when draughted, is not strong enough to be a soldier; he is, however, strong enough to hold offices ; but these effices do not expose him to anything but salary and fees. Being a soldier is quite a different thing. Out upon such false pretences, such cheap loyalty, such bogus pat riotism !" Humphrey, and Bohemia, 1 00 to 8 agst Juliet, 100 to 7 agst Cassidia, 20 to 1 each agst St. Alexis, Peahen, and I any other. Lady Abbess, b li b tt e l s e s e , r a n n e d d2seletyo thel agarsignal was lowered to an admir able start, the horses lying in a line widely extended across the course. On settling into their places, Queen Elizabeth, overpulling little Gray, went to the front, and made the running, but was shortly after pulled back, and the com mand was taken up by Peahen, followed by Littlecote, Queen Elizabeth being third, with St. Alexis, Cassidia, Queen of Trumps, Juliet, Walloon, and Welland lying up, the two latter wide on the right. The next division com prised Fiancee, Bohemia, Stockinger, Principal, and Hum phrey, in the centre of the course, On reaching the first half of the Abingdon mile ending post, Peahen was beaten, and Littlecote was joined by Queen Elizabeth, Juliet, Bo hemia, and St. Alexis, who ran in company to the cords, where Mr. Robertson's filly deprived Littlecote of his lead, and with Juliet and St. Alexis in close company came on in company to half way down, where Loates brought out the Saint, and landed the popular cherry jacket first by three parts of a length ; a length separated the second and third, Bohemia was fourth, close up with whom we's Fiancee; Peahen finished sixth, and Stockinger next. The others, who were widely spread, were pulling up as they past the post; the last lot being Lady Abbess, Airedale, Creole, and the Calliopecolt; the latter beaten off a long way. The Buckenham Stakes of 300 sous each, h ft, for the pro duce of mares covered in 1860; colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 41b. Eaeh subscriber to name three mares, and to bring the produce of one to the post. T.Y.C. 3 subs. Lord Portsmouth's Hengist (J. Goater) 1 Mr. J. Merry's Phemy filly .. (A.. Edwards) 2 Betting-6 to son the Phemy filly. The pair ran together to the cords, where the non-favour- ite got his head in front, end won after a slashing set-to by a neck. The winner hung so much that Edwards stated he was prevented from getting up. The Croome Stakes of 100 sous each, 50 ft, for 2-yr-olds ; colts, Bst 101 b, and fillies, Bst 71b. T.Y.C. 12 subs, Lord Stamford's Cambuscan, Bst 101 b ....(A. Edwards) 1 Lord Uxbridge's Durham. (J. Goater) 2 Betting-7 to 4on Cambuscan, who waited upon Dur ham into the cords, where he went up and won in a canter by two lengths. The Grand Duke Michael Stakes of 50 soya each, for 3-yr old colts, Bst 101 b ; and fillies, Bst Gib ; winners extra ; maiden horses allowed tlb ; the second horse to save his stake. A.F. 17 subs. Mr. It. Boyce's Fantail, Bet Gib Mr. Merry's Escape, Bst 101 b Mr. Wigram's Melrose, bat 51b (Aldcrott) 3 Betting-5 to 4on Fantail, 6to 4 agst Escape, and 7to 1 agst Melrose. The favourite, on the extreme right, math!, play at his best, and had both his opponents b ea t en onreaching the bushes, and won in a canter by three lengths; a bad third. Match, R.M., 200, h ft. Mr. R. Ten Broeck's Lord of Linne, 4 yrs, Bst 31b (G. Fordham) 1 The Marquis of Hastings's Tippler, 3 yrs, Bst 71b (S. Rogers) 2 Betting--7 to 4on Tippler. The non-favourite held a slight lead into the bottom, where Tippler got up, and for a few strides ran upon equal terms, but shortly after Fordham called upon his horse, who won in the last stride by a head. Third year of the :Fourteenth Triennial Produce Stakes of 10 sovs each; 4-yr-old colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 41b. The owner of the second horse to receive a sum equal to 10 per cent., and the third a sum equal to 5 per cent. on the whole stake. D.I. 37 subs. Mr. Savile's Harlequin, Bst 71b (Fordham) 1 Mr. T. Valentine's Hurricane, Bst 41b Mr. Savile's Buckenhatu, Bst 71b Mr. Savile declared to win with Harlequin. Betting-7 to 4on Hurricane, and 3to 1 agst any other. Harlequin, with a lead of about a length, made play, fol lowed by the favourite and Buckenham to the side of the old Duke's stand, where the three joined issue, and ran nearly abreast to half way in the rails, where Harlequin swerved through distress, which allowed Hurricane to get her head in front, but Fordham. having steadied his horse, carne again, and won a fine race by a neck, three lengths separating the second and third. LATEST BETTING. CESAREWITCH. 15 to 1 agst Anfield (thken) 20 to 1 agst Myrtle (taken) 22 to 1 agst Blackdown (taken) 22 to 1 agst Drummer Boy (taken) 25 to 1 agst Fantail (taken) 30 to 1 agst Ace of Hearts (taken) 100 to 3 agst Hurricane (taken) 100 to 3 agst Sandford (taken) 50 to 1 agst Harlequin (taken) CAMBRIDGESHIRE. 40 to 1 agst Limosina (taken) 50 to 1 agst Geroma (taken) 50 to 1 agst Fantail (taken) Very little betting. The Wreck Register and Chart for 1862. In accordance with our annual custom for many years past, we again present our readers with a synopsis of the returns just made by the Board of Trade to Parliament of the wrecks and casualties which have taken place on the coasts and in the seas of the British isles during the past year. It may here be observed that the materials from which these valuable documents are compiled are derived from reports furnished by the officers of coast guard and receivers of wreck resident on the sh ores of the - United King dom.* When we remember that the number of vessels which entered inwards and cleared outwards from different British ports in the course of the past year was 268,4 62 , and that these ships had on board probably 1,610,000 men, it becomes almost a matter of certainty that a large number of casual ties should take place amongst them every year. The coasts of the British isles extend upwards of 5,000 miles, and on looking at the wreck chart which accompanies the register it is observed that there are few parts of that continuous shore which are not studded with the usual Wreck marks • and thus it is that on nearly every page of the register this startling fact constantly presents itself, that during the year no less than 1,828 wrecks and casualties took place on our coasts, with the loss of 690 lives. Compared with previous years the register informs us that the wreck experience of the past year is very unfavourable, but the number of lives lost is fortunately considerably under the average, owing chiefly to the valuable and prompt ser vices of lifeboats and other means employed on occasions of wrecks on our coasts. The wrecks and casualties in the year show a large increase on the average of those daring the preceding 11 years. The number of wrecks in the last 11 years was 13,657, while the total voyages made to and from British ports in thatperiod was 2,745,910, so that 1 ship was wrecked out of every 201. During the past year, as previously stated, the number of voyages of vessels to and from ports in the United Kingdom was 266,462, and o u t o f thi s l arge number 1,827 casualties occurred, or one in: every 147. In the past 11 years, from the above wrecks 8,775 persons were lost, or nearly 800 each year. Last year, it appears from the returns, that the lives of 4,729 persons were im perilled on the coasts of the British isles, of which number 690, or 14.59 per sent., were lost. The wrecks and disasters for the year 1862, may be thus classed :—Totally wrecked, 455 vessels—seriously damaged, 695 —totally lost in colli sion, 66—damaged seriously by collision, 272—injured by collision, 339—total, 1,827 vessels. This number of disas ters for last year is at the rate of five per day. The number in each month of the year is thus given :—January, 221 arch, 163—Ap r il, 87—May,77— vessels—February, 117—M June, 75—July, 94—August, 6 6—September. 75—October, 346—November, 179—December, 327—total, 1,827 ves sels. It will thus be seen that the months of January, February, March, October, November, and December have been Ethe most destructive to ships. The startling facts which the wreck register discloses each successive year have succeeded in drawing general public attention to this important subject, and frequently it is referred to in Par liament. On a recent occasion, when Lord Ravensworth alluded in the House of Lords to the necessity of con structing harbours of refuge on the north-east coast, he caused to be suspended in their lordships' library a large wreck chart lent by the National Lifeboat Institution. The fearful scenes represented on that chart naturally excited their lordships' attention. Indeed the dreadful havoc which storms commit every year in the seas and on the shores the British isles can only be fully realised by the aid of such a chart. It is however, satisfactory to find that the publica tion of the annual register of the Board of Trade and other means of publicity have materially contributed to the este blishrnenc on our coasts of a system of lifeboats and life preserving apparatus, which reflects the greatest credit on the philanthropy of the age in which we live, and on the energy with which these means have been placed on our shores by the joint action of the National Lifeboat Institu tion and the Board of Trade. Amongst the desolating scenes which the Wreck Register and Chart reveal, it is consola tory to know that by means of lifeboats, life-preserving ap paratus, ships' own boats, and other means, 20,158 lives have been saved from a watery grave during the last seven years, as the annexed list shaves :-1856, 2,243 lives saved ; 1857, 1 , 6 68-1858,1,555-4859, 2,332-1860, 3,697-1861, 4,624-1862,4,039—t0ta1, 20,158 lives saved. The following is a summary of the means used in saving the 4,039 lives from wrecks on the coasts of the United Kingdom during the past year :—By lifeboats, 3 2 7 t —by rocket and mortar apparatus, 310—by, ships own boats, shore boats, stemma, &c., 3,389—by individual exertion, 13—total, 4,039. As usual, ships, ships' boats, smacks have saved more lives in that period than the lifeboats and the rocket and mortar apparatus. This appa rent discrepancy is susceptible of easy explanation. When a disaster takes place in British waters, it frequently hap pens that either a ship or smack is fortunately at hand to render assistance to the crews of the distressed vessels,such * It is only due to the memory of the late Admiral Wash ington, F.R.S., Ilydrographer to the Admiralty, to state that he originated about ten years ago the compilation and publication of an annual wreck register of the British isles, accompanied by a wreck chart. His services to the lifeboat cause, in conjunction with the Duke of Northumberland, president of the National Lifeboat Institution, were also of the greatest advantage to the cause of humanity. His labours in that respect will long be remembered in the homes of our sailors and fishermen. t This numberCloe;;;oiiicia;slipwreckod crews, who with their vessels were safely brought into port by lifeboats. help is seldom attended with any very great danger(although sometimes it is so),and the men are often brought ashore before any tidings at all have reached a lifeboat station. But the great value of the services rendered by lifeboats caa only be appreciated by considering that they are mostly per formed on occasions when no other craft could be launched from the shore with safety. Schooners and brigs, as usual, were the most numerous description of vessels that were lost during the past year on our shores. These are usually employed in our coasting and coal trade, and the destruc. tion of hundreds of them even in moderate gales is now re duced to a matter of certainty, In December last 7 vessels foundered off the east coast of England, with the loss of all hands, while engaged in coasting voyages. One of them was a collier sloop, 71 years of ago ; another collier brig also foundered in October last, and 7 out of 9 of her crow were drowned. She was 99 years old. The following is an analysis of the tonnage of the ships lost last year : —Vessels under 50 tons, 341—ditto 51 and under 100, 441—ditto 101 and under 300, 781—ditto 301 and under 600, 186—ditto 601 and under 900, 44—ditto 901 and under 1,200, 20—ditto 1,201 and upwards, 11. Total, 1,827 vessels. The cargoes of these vessels are thus made up : Coals, 593—ballast, not colliers, 165—colliers in ballast, 128 —metallic ores, 113—grain, oatmeal, flour, and provisions, 109—stone, slate, &0., 100—general cargo, 93—timber or bark, 89—fishing smacks, 84; various, or unknown, 353. Total, 1,827 cargoes. The most destructive gales of wind are those that blow from S.W., S.S.W, W.S.W., and N.W. We find that the ages of some of the vessels that were hurried out of existence were as follows :—Under 3 years, 122-3 and not exceeding 7 years, 271-8 and not exceeding 10 years, 131-11 and not exceeding 14 years, 155-15 and not exceeding 20 years, 216-21 and not exceeding 30 years, 266-31 and not exceeding 40 years, 125-41 and not ex ceeding 50 years, 59-51 and not exceeding 60 years, 25- 61 and not exceeding 90 years, 14-91 and not exceeding 100 years, I—unknown, 442—total, 1,827. We also re mark that in perfectly calm weather 23 vessels were wrecked—in light airs, 28—in light breezes, 56—in gentle breezes 43—in moderate breezes 110—in fresh breezes 187— in strong breezes, 195—in moderate gales, 75--in fresh gales, 170—in strong gales, 199—in whole gales, 218—in storms, 63—in hurricanes, 69 —and in unknown and variable weather, 53. We moreover observe that 321 vessels were wrecked that were under the command of masters holding ' ' certificates of competency, while 720 were wrecked that were commanded by others who were not required by law to hold such certificates, and 266 that were commanded by foreigners not having British certificates. We observe that of the total wrecks during the past year on our shores, irre spective of collisions, 60 vessels foundered, 41 were driven or run on a lee shore, 66 parted their cables or dragged their anchors and went on shore, 40 wore wrecked from damage to hull, or the loss of masts, yarts, or sails, 3 were actually capsized, 72 were wrecked from inattention, carelessness, or neglect, 25 from defects in ships or equipments, 7 from a combination of causes, while 18 arose from accident. Of the total wrecks that took place from collisions 18 were from bad look out, 22 because the rule of road at sea was not observed, 1 from want of sea room, 4 in thick and foggy weather, and 4 from neglecting to show lights ; but it is worth observing that only 1 collision with total loss occurred from the error of the pilot who was on board. 4 occurred from negligence and want of caution. It is also a lamentable fact that 141 collisions took place in fine and clear weather, the whole number during the year being 333, 102 in the day time and 236 in the night. Last year 11 collisions occurred between steamers, and 190 between sailing vessels, while both were under way ; 32 collisions also took place between sailing Nessols, one being at anchor and the other under way at the time, but no collisions occurred between steamers under these circumstances. 46 collisions likewise took place between steamers and sailing vessels, both being under way ; and six only when sailing vessels at anchor were run into by steamers. 53 collisions also occurred by vessels breaking from their anchors or moorings. We earnestly trust , that the admirable regulations which t he Board of Trade have just published to prevent collisions at sea will materially tend to lesson the number of these fearful disas ters, The sandbanks which have proved most disastrous to vessels during 1862 aro the Long Sand, 17 vessels wrecked, Newsome Sand 11, Kentish Knock Sand 10, Gunfleet Sand 10, Scroby Sand 8, llasboro' Sand 8, Goodwin Sand 6, Bar row Sand 6, Blakenoy Sand 6, Cristo°. Sand 6, Shipwell Sand 5, Sizewell Bank 5. The most disastrous wrecks, with the greatest loss of life, occur between that part of the coast extending from Skerries and 'Amboy to Fair Head and Mull of Kintyre. During the past 13 years 1,641 lives were lost in that district. The next is from the North Fore land to St. Katherine's Point, which during the same period claims 1,136 lives. The estimated loss of property involved in the destruction of a portion only of the vessels wrecked in the last six years amounted to four-andsa-half millions of pounds sterling, although the total amount, being unreported, cannot be ascertained ; but who can appreciate the value of the pre. cious lives lost in these terrible disasters, except those at our seaport and fishing villages, who are now widows, and orphans or friendless, who have bewailed with unutterable anguish the loss of a husband, father, or near relation ? On the other Ward, it is most gratifying to find that in these six years 4,169 lives were rescued from the Jaws of death by lifeboats and the life-saving apparatus alone. It may be proper to observe that these means of saving life are rarely used except under the most perilous circumstances. One can hardly conceive a more pitiable sight than a noble ship stranded on a sandbank during a gale of wind, with her crew in the rigging, or firing minute -guns as signals of distress, so that they may obtain help from the shore. On observing these signals the crew of the lifeboat immediately put off. Indeed we know of no spectacle more sublime, or more calculated to send the blood thrilling through the veins with admiration and awe, than the cool, determined courage and the lively charity that sends these poor and often half-starved fisher-fellows out in the dark night, in the midst of bitter frost and snow, into a tumul tuous sea and surf, hungry for their bodies, in the very teeth of a furious wind, with death threatening them on all sides, and nothing but their coolness and skill to rely upon to preserve their own lives, to say n othing of the lives of others—leaving wives and families of little ones at home who may never see them in life again. -What stout hearts those must be as, yard by yard, they struggle away from the dim shore, lost iu an obscurity of scud and surf, and snow, thinning of nothing but their duty—the errand of mercy and charity before them—through the raging tem pest—winning their way through seas that to the landsmen are fearful to gaze on, even from the safe standing on the beach, momentarily threaten to overwhelm them I Out further and further yet into the dark void a speck on the waters, Another flash of the minute -gun points out where the vessel is lying aground upon a shoal, the sea making a clean breach over her, and the scud and spray flying shear over her mastheads, which threaten to go every moment. Stand to it, stout hearts I a few more minutes of the heavy toil and the boat will be well into leeward of the wreck, when the most dan gerous part of the whole operations will commence —for there is danger of her being stove in momentarily, either by contact with tho wreck itself or with the floating spars which may be hanging loosely round her. The relief of a wreck is no mere child's play--it often occupies hours of hard, dangerous, and unremitting toil. It is no mere sudden flash of generosity that is required—no enthusiasm burnt out as soon as kindled; but that steady, undaunted pluck which distinguishes frequently the h i g hest as well as the lowest class of Englishmen in times • o f danger. How im portant then is the work of the National Lifeboat Institution in providing these messengers of mercy on our coasts, and in encouraging noble deeds of daring in tho rescue of our fellow. creatures from an awful death I It may be interesting hero to recapi tulate briefly the ope rations of the National Lifeboat Institution, which has now 125 lifeboats under its management. During the past year, in addition to saving 21 vessels from d e struction, 358 lives were rescued by the lifeboats of the society. For these sm.. vices rewards amounting to £915 18s ld were voted. The number of lives saved by the lifeboats of the society, or by special exertions, for which it has grante d rewards since its formation, is 13,220, For these services 82 gold medals, 733 silver medals, and £ 1 7, 200 in cash h ave been granted as rewards. The institution has also OPe nded £75,380 on ro of the lifeboats, lifeboat transporting carriag es and boat houses. not have to i Surely a society which has thus been Productive greatest services in the cause of humanity will appeal in vain to the public for help to enable t to continue its merciful work on our dangerous seaboard I of SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. NEWMARKET FIRST OCTOBER MEETING. The weather of last week and the heavy rain of Monday morning promised anything but ,an agreeable foul days for the first of the autumn gatherings; but a glorious sunset on Monday evening and a no less glorious uprising on Tuesday morning dispelled " the winter of our discontent," and prepared the way for an enjoyable week. Speculation at the Rooms on Monday night was of a very limited cha. meter, the iwo great Handicaps being scarcely mentioned ; indeed, but few subscribers were present. Tbo Hopeful was rendered interesting by the debut of Yamuna, a dark filly of Lord Stamford, who was forthwith elected to the premiership, Fillo do l'Air, owing to her weight, taking second place, though many were of opinion that, as the distance (half a mile) was all in her favour, the extra weight was of secondary importance The fa. vourite, who never got to her horses till half..wayTup the cords, won, however, after a good race by a head—the French filly finishing three parts of a length from the se cond. It seemed no easy task to pick out the winner from the field of 24 that came to the post for the Great Eastern Handicap. The top weight, Welland, and Mr. Naylor's Fiancee mere made pretty nearly equal favourites, the former just before the race ad. vancing to 4 to 1; but Sir Joseph Hawley's St. Alexis up set all the calculations of the learned, and landed " the fielders" joyful winners, after a good race by three parts of a length. Hengist also gave them a turn in the Bucken ham, defeating Mr. Merry's Fhemy filly by a neck. The Croome Stakes brought out Lord Stamford's Derby favou rite, with wh ,m Durham esaayed to try conclusions, but the race was never in doubt, and " Cambuscan bold," who looked and went splendidly, came in an easy winner by two lengths. The Grand Duke Michael proved the certainty for Fantail that the betting foreshadowed, and Fordham by hard riding won Mr. Ten Broeck his match with the Mar quis of Hastings. The 14th Triennial, considered a good trial for the Ceosarewitch, brilliantly wound up the day's sport, after an exciting struggle between Harlequin and Hurricane, in which the latter, tiring in. the last few strides, was beaten by a neck. There were three lengths between the second and third. The Trial Plate of 50 sovs, for 2-yr-olds and upwards; weight for age, The winner to be sold for 500 sovs; if for 100 sovs, allowed 71b; if not for sale, to carry 101 b extra. A.F. Mr. Holland's Press Forward filly, 2 yrs . (X100) Est _ (G. Clarke) 1 Mr. T, Taylor's Gentle kitty colt, 3 yrs (£500), Bst 91b (Norman) 2 Mr. G. Angell's Naxos, 2 yrs (£5OO), 6st 71b (A. Woodhouse) 3 Mr. I'. Hughes's Real Jam, 4 yrs (101 b extra), lOst 61b (D. Hughes) 4 Mr. R. Ten Broeck's Blanchette, 3 yrs (£lOO), Bst 21b (G. Fordham) 5 Mr, Naylor's Iphigenia, 2 yrs (£SCO), Get 11b(car.6st 71b) _ (T. French) 6 T. French weighed for Iphigenia, and carried 3lbs over without declaring. Betting-5 to 2 agst Naxos, 7to 2 agst Gentle Kitty colt, 4 to 1 agst Blanchette, and 5 to 1 agst Iphigenia. Naxos was the first away, and came on with a clear lead, having the Press Forward filly next, with the Gentle Kitty colt on their right, and Real Jam and Blanchette wide on their left. They ran thus to the bushes, where the two lat ter dropped back, which left the issue with Mr. Holland's filly and the Gentle Kitty colt and Naxos, who finished a close race home, the former winning cleverly by three-quar te.7s of a length; a head between the second and third; a bad fourth. Handicap Sweepstakes of 20 soya each, and only 5 ft, if de clared, &c., to go to the owner of the second horse, for 3-yr-olds and upwards. T.Y.C• 7 subs, 3of whom pay 5 soya ft. Lord Stamford's Bertha, 4 yrs, Bst 71b.,,. (A. Edwards) 1 Mt. W. S. Crawfurd's Leotard, 3 yrs, Gst 131 b (J. Grimshaw) 2 Mr. Savile's Prince Lee 800, 3 yrs, bat 91b (car bat 101 b) (T. French) 3 Betting-6 to 4on Bertha, sto 2 agat Prince Lee 800, and 5 to 1 agst Leotard. The three ran abreast for a few strides, then Leotard, lying in the centre, came on with a slight lead, which he retained to the cords, when Prince Lee 800 showed in ad vance, bat dropping back in a few strides after, the race was lott with the two. Leotard retained his advantage to within 20 or 30 strides of the chair, when Edwards brought the favourite to the front, and won very easily by three parts of a length, Leotard defeating the Prince by half a length for second. Tho Hopeful Stakes of 40 soya each, h ft, for 2-yr-olds ; colts Bst 101 b, and fillies Bst 81b ; winners extra. The owner of the second horse to receive 50 soya out of the stakes. Last half of Ab. M. 28 subs. Lord Stamford's Yamuna, Bst 81b .. (A. Edwards) 1 Mr. Payne's Tomfoolery, Bst 81b (H. Cirimshaw) 2 Count F. de Lagrange's Fille de l'Air, 9st 31b (in 91b ex) (A. Watkins) 3 The following also ran :—Abderrahman, Crytheia, Ba ragah, Lady Hylda, Awlaciense, Olivia, Breeze, and Jupon. Betting-9 to 4 agst Yamuna, 9to 2 agst Fille de 7 to 1 agat Baragah, and 8:to 1 agst Jupon. Breeze jumped away with the running, closely followed by Tomfoolery, Crytheia, and Jupon on her right, the fa ♦ourite, with Fills de PAir and Audacious for the first hundred yards, when the former dropped back, leaving the lead with Tomfoolery, who carried it on to half way in the cords, when the favourite came out, and won a fine race of a head, three parts of a length separating the second and third. Crytheia was fourth, close up, the last two being Olivia and Abderrahman. Sweepstakes of 10 soya each, for 2-yr-olds and upwards. Weight for ago. The winner to be sold for 50 soya. T.Y.C. 3 subs. Lord Westmoreland's Zoloo, 3 yrs, Bst 101 b.. (J. Goater) 1 Mr. W. E. Jones's Atlas, 3 yrs, Bst 101 b.... (E. Sharpe) 2 Mr. H. Joice's The Hare, 2 yrs, Est 101 b.. (J. Grimshaw) 3 Betting-2 to lon Zeloo, who waited upon Atlas into the cords, where she went in front, and won by a length and a half ; a bad third. Tho Great Eastern Railway Handicap, a Sweepstakes of 15 soya each, 5 ft, with 100 added, for 3-yr-olds and up wards ; winners extra ; the owner of the second horse to receive 25 sous out of the stakes. T.Y.C. 94 subs. Sir J. Hawley's St. Alexis, 4 yrs, 7st 41b (Loatek) 1 Mr. Wybow Robertson's Queen Elizabeth, 4 yrs, Cat 91b (C. Gray) 2 Mr. T. Hughes's Juliet, aged, Cat 71b The following also ran :—Welland, Croagh Patrick, Black Prince, Queen of Trumps, Fravola, Humphrey, Zora, Walloon, Cassidia, Lady Abboks, The Plover, Bohe mia, Peahen, Creole, Stockinger, Calliope colt, Airedale, The Principal, Fiancee, Littlecote, and Stampede. Poland was struck out at 11 a.m. Betting --4 to 1 agst Welland, 6to 1 agst Fiancee and Croagh. Patrick, 10 age Queen, of rumps, , SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. The Stock Exchange Journal of St. Petersburg of 18th insc. publishes a report from the Minister of War, showing that the Russian regular army Consists of 31,856 officers and 858,957 privates, and the irregular army of 4,818 officers and 302,96 1 privates, making altogether 36,674 officers and 1,161,958 privates. [ADvEnmsEßlENT].—Holloway's Ointm ent and Pills have, over and over again proved the bes t friends to per sons afflicted with ulcerations, sores, absce sses, fistulas, an d ts. Printed ment and e Oint other painful and complicated com plain ths alterative Pill s very plain directions for the application et. are wrapped round each pot. Hollow a Y should be taken throughout the progress of the cure, to ritv, and to pre maintain the blood in a state of perfect Pn vont the health of the whole body being je opardised by th e local ailment ; bsd legs, old age's great g rievance, are thus a rid generous support readily cured, without confining the patient to bed, or with diseases attack drawing from him the nutritious diet premature so imperatively imperatively demanded when weakeni n g advanced years or constitutions evincing pitudo. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—ConSUmption, a ll nervous, bilious, liver, and stomach complaints, in every s tage, are only ag description, but ag gravated and accelerated by drugs of every perfectly curable by Du Barry's health restoring, Revalenta Arabica Food, as proved by thousands o f cases which had been considered hopeless. We quote a 10v1. — Cure No. 62,914. t he medical men had I the Miss Lange,lB years of age , cur e d af t er lasts age of abandoned all hopes of her recovery from pulmonary consumption, with fearful cough, expectoration. Flood, perspirations, hollow cheeks, exhaustion, spitting of . emaciated to a skeleton. She is now, thank God, a perfectly n. Lo ge, Commissaire de healthy, blooming, fleshy Ir' Roberts, of Fernley Police. Cure, No. 46,270. g Mi l ": Jan: " "ling of blood, liver Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, - ' 7 .121. M ' derangement, and partial de f c S u P r i e . , - No. ~. -+i o h n s, Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervous ness, indf gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure, 54,816. The Rev. Jame; T. Campbell, cakenhara, Norfolk, of indigestion and torpidity o f the liver, w hi c h had resisted all medical treatment. In tins, 11b, 2s gd ; 21b, 48 6cl; 51b, 11s; 121 b, 225 ; 241 b, 40s. Barr,' and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London ; also Fortnum du u um and Mason; and all grocers and chemists in every inn 91 the VnitedNingdom. TIMES.—The speech with which the King of Den mark has just opened the Session of the Danish Chamber is not calculated to encourage any rising hopes of the preservation of peace. It is not ad dressed exclusively to the Danish representatives; it is also a manifesto to Europe that the demands made by the German Confederation cannot be met by any further concessions on the part of Denmark without sacrificing its independence, and aban cloning the internal government and policy of the nation to the German Diet, dictating its mea sures from Frankfort. A conclave of German Sove reigns has just broken up and dispersed from the same city, after discussing the Constitution of the body still left with the power of embroiling Europe by its dull pertinacity in wrong-doing. The debate of the Royalties on the reform of the Band proposed by the Emperor of Austria proved conclusively that the Diet, with all its clumsy political machinery, has not the implicit confidence even of the Princes of whose delegates it is composed. And having sufficiently indicated an apprehension that under the first strain of war the whole organisation would break clown, they left it unchanged, to continue a course of proceedings directly tending to invite the calamity they ought to dread and avoid with special caution. The old German helplessness and stolid endurance of a national evil can have no stronger illustration than the mischief the Diet is still per mitted to work under the double condemnation of Sovereigns and people. As an organisatian it may be fairly considered as doomed, for the declared in tention of Austria to supersede it in the present form will always impend over it. The certainty of having been condemned, and the prcspect of being set aside at the first opportunity, would reduce any ordinarily constituted body to, at least, harmless inaction. But the German Federal Bund, without any political strength derived from the people, who have not the slightest influence over it, and not trusted by the Sovereigns, who have themselves ex perienced its defects, still acts, like a piece of heavy mechanism that nothing can stop. It has but one kind of activity, one object that it pursues, without a gleam of statesmanship or apparent perception of the dangers it is plunging into. For a series of years it has had no visible aim or purpose, except that of invading, limiting, or absorbing the sove reign rights of Denmark. Knowing that the inde pendence of that Monarchy is under ,the solemn guarantee of France and England, and now fully npprised that Denmark " will not stand alone" in case of attack, the Diet, with an arrogance that looks like infatuation, is pushing Denmark to the last extremity, endangering the peace of Europe, utterly blind to what may be the consequences to Germany itself, or what it is certain to lose by war. It is only consistent with the heavy incapacity of the Frankfort Diet to deal with facts intelligently that it is doing the worst thing possible at the worst possible time. The question of German " nation ality" does not stand where it did in 1849 and 1850. Then Prussia was its champion, and when offering to rescue any " oppressed " fragment of the race from the dominion of its neighbours—France cautiously excepted—it had some political freedom to share with it. The relapse of Prussia into Abso lutism deprives the agitation of even the semblance of excuse. Denmark is full justified in resisting the attempt to impose on the Duchy of Schleswig any constitutional changes by German influence in the Interest of the German population itself. The Diet demands of Denmark a common Constitution for " the whole Monarchy." The degree of political freedom it is to confer is a matter the Diet must decide, part of the Monarchy being a State of the Confederation. As Prussia is the model State of Germany, it could not permit the Diet to establish any form of government contrasting too favourably with its own ; and as the Prussian Chambers are reduced to a nullity, the Germans now under the sovereignty of Denmark will lose considerably by the change. As a liberating process, it would now be like inviting the thousands of Germans who are politically f reemen t o f or f e it their advantages, and share with the Prussian millions the subjection to which the latter have been reduced. If the German Sovereigns have any sense of their own position, or of the condition of the Bund, they will restrain that body from provoking the inter ference of the Cabinets of Europe by persisting in a policy as full of absurdity as of peril. Prussia is the Power most identified with the long persecution of Denmark in the name of Ger many. The part it played in the war of 1849 and 1850 does not furnish a very glorious page in its annals. And since that period the Government has lost influence abroad and popularity at home. It has identified itself with Russia by its conduct to the Polish insurgents, and with Russia it shares the anger and irritation the issue of the negotiations with that Power has created. It would be little less than insanity for Prussia to place herself by a repe tition of the " nationality" crusade of 1849 in open hostility with France, England, and the Scandi navian States, which would now give their hearty support and co-operation to Denmark if attacked. The real oppression of the Polish " nationality," with which the world has been sickened for the past year, has made it intolerant of the petty, half-ima ginary grievances the Germane, with more senti ment than sense, have magnified into wrongs. Europe has lost patience with the continually recur ring annoyance of this superfluous trouble in a cor ner of Europe that is prosperous and practically self-governed. It cannot, for the sake of its own peace, longer permit the Diet of Frankfort to keep up a groundless agitation that has not a single valid claim to our sympathy. It knows that the Bund has always been ready to strangle political freedom in any German State in which the Sovereign was not strong enough to apply the bowstring himself. It has therefore no belief in the sincerity of its claim on behalf of Danish subjects of what it has so com pletely suppressed at home. The last step may still boar ested by a word from Prussia, which will pro bably be the agent of the violence with which Den mark is threatened. The note of Baron Mender strom, the Swedish Minister of Foreign Affairs, fully confirms the intimations given in the King of Den mark's address to the Chamber. Negotiation with Frankfort has ceased. The Federal Diet will demand of the Danish Government the withdrawal, within six weeks, of the patent of the 30th of last March, though it conceded to the Duchy of Holstein all the rights the Diet had required on its behalf. It must:include the Duchy of Schleswig, in which the Diet has no authority, to find acceptance. Such an assumption no State can possibly submit to, and against the invasion of its independent rights Den mark justly protests. But if the patent is not withdrawn, the Diet threatens to send a body of Federal troops to occupy Holstein—a process called an " execution." Baron Manderstrom asserts that every pretext for such a measure has been removed by the repeated declarations of Denmark, which will, therefore, consider the occupation an act of hostility, and it will be " her duty to oppose it by all the means at her disposal." The King treats it as a violation " of the independence of Denmark, which is firmly determined to protect herself against any attack." This is the state of affairs that both Sweden and Denmark now submit to the Cabinets of London and Paris. claiming protection against German " aggression." PosT.—lt would perhaps be unjust to the King of Prussia and M. Bismark to ascribe the declara tion they have just made on Federal Reform to an electioneering manoeuvre. Nevertheless, it would be difficult to imagine any position more cleverly taken up with the view of leading away the minds of the Prussian constituencies from the main ques tion that is now before them. It reminds us of Tadpole and Taper with " our young Queen and old institutions." The King and his Minister put themselves forward in this declaration as the cham pions of the dignity of Prussia, outraged by the other German Sovereigns at Frankfort, and as the supporters of a wider popular representation in the Federal Diet, which these Princes are represented as having attempted to crush. Thus the Prussian constituencies are called upon altogether to forget the great question, whether representative govern ment and political freedom in their own country are to be a reality or a sham. They are simply to be lieve in King William and Count Bismark as indis pensable to the grandeur of Prussia and to its inter national dignity at the German Diet; add they are expected to inculcate also the still greater paradox, that the party which have been attempting to crush public opinion in their own country are those on whom Germany is to rely for a freedom which the other Federal Princes would restrain. It may be thought that such a palpable absurdity would deceive no one. Nevertheless, we all know from our own experience in this representative country that nothing in electioneering times is too preposterous to exert more or less weight in turning the scales of public opinion. The King of Prussia, accordingly, reduces his objections to a participa tion, at present, in the course taken by that other German Sovereigns, to three heads. He demands, first, that the veto of either Austria or Prussia should be sufficient to debar the Diet from making a declaration of war, except in the event of the German territory being actually invaded. This is pretty nearly equivalent to leaving things as they were; for the Germanic Confederation being essen• tially a defensive body, it is hardly probable that it would collectively declare war with any other ob ject than that of defending its own territories; and during the near fifty years of its existence it has never yet declared war at all against any consider able Power. But the object of this proviso, which 4 the sounding character of maintaining the "f Prussia," and the tendency of thus empathy of all true Prussians in 4 `: clearly a very different 'nterrnined that States "dignity appealing to the bJ. the appr oac hi ng elections, one, The King of Prussia 18 Franco and Austria shall not drag the mine, .-.,._-- -' of Germany into any war with Russia on account of Poland, into which he has been from the first resolved not to be himself dragged either. He there fore provides, in the first place, that if he is to tak" any part in Federal Reform, it will be solely on the) understanding that he is to have the power of clog ging the wheels of the Diet in any attempt which they may _make to go to war with his brotbe despot. This is the first of King William's condi tions, and the second is like unto it. It is that Austria and Prussia are to hold a position of equal dignity in the Diet, both as regards their relative power and their nominal presidency over its sit tings. Here, however, we see a plausible - position taken up. It is quite true that the King of Prussia is not so powerful a Sovereign as the Emperor of Austria, taking all their respective territories into account. But, on the other hand, Prussia has an actually greater humber of inhabitants within the limits of the Confederation than Austria has. The disproportion, to be sure, is not great, but it is somewhat on the side of Prussia. Austria, how ever, has made from time to time very considerable arrogations, on the ground of her traditionary tenure of the imperial sceptre of Germany ; and perhaps, when we consider that that dignity was, after all, merely an elective one, though the House of Hapsburg contrived to keep it for many gene rations in their own hands, the pretension was not equal to the foundation for it, as applying to a Germanic Confederation in which these imperial distinctions of authority have now long ceased to exist. But we do not apprehend that there is, on the present occasion, any serious intention on the part of Austria to claim a superior place in the Diet to that which would be assigned to Prussia. The Emperor of Austria, indeed, was offered the presi dency in the recent deliberation of the German Princes, partly because the King of Prussia refused to take part in them. Probably, if the Diet should ever bo re-established on a new basis with the con currence of Prussia, the Austrian and Prussian monarchs would divide the presidency between them in alternate years. But the third condition made by the King of Prussia of his acceptance of a Fede ral Reform comes with very indifferent grace from such a quarter. The Austrian Emperor had pro posed that the Federal Chamber of Deputies should be composed of delegates from the chambers of each component State of the Federation. They would, therefore, be indirectly elected by the Ger man people. One advantage of this scheme—and it was no slight one—was that its adoption would in a manner compel all the German Princes to adopt representative government in their own States. For it would be only through the existence of a Cham ber of Deputies in each State that that State could become represented in the Third Estate of the Fede ration. But the King of Prussia requires that the deputies, in place of being chosen thus, should be directly elected by the German constituencies, and should bear no relation whatever to the Chambers of Deputies in each State of the Confederation. This is no doubt, on the face of it, a much more liberal proposition ; and it would be inconceivable that it could represent the realopinions of the King of Prussia as they are to be gathered from his domestic policy. Such a body would at once as sume that the whole and direct popular authority of Germany, and, the King of Prussia's life would be spent in dissolving them. We have long enter tained a repugnance to indirect election as applied to the House of Representatives in a simple State. But in a Federal Government direct election is nearly equivalent to a setting aside of the Lower Chambers of the component States; and we believe that such a principle could lead to little short of a revival of the " Frankfort Parliament" of 1848, and of all the antagonism between Kings and Com mons that ended in its destruction. COUNTRY MARKETS. LEEDS—TUESDAY. There is a slow demand for wheat to-day, and to effect business a small reduction has to be conceded. Barley also slow, and 2s decline. LIVERPOOL —TUESDAY. At our market to-day there was a fair attendance of the trade, and wheat met with a limited demand, at a slight decline on the currencies of last Friday. Flour easier, but neglected. Indian corn was rather more saleable. Barley, beans, and peas unaltered in value, MARKET HARBOR,OUGH—TtIESDA.Y. White wheat, 43s to 468; red, 42s to 44s per 36 stone. Malting barley at 35s to 398 per qr. ; grinding, 29s to 32s per 30 st. Oats, old, 26s to 30s; new, 23s to 26s per 21 at. ; beans, 3Gs to 42s per qr. SHEFFIELD—TUESDAY. We had a fair supply of wheat to-day, and prices may be quoted much the same as last week. Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial bushels...lss Od to 17s Od White 11 , ...18s Od to 19s 6,1 New red , ..15s 6 to 17s Od New white ~.17s Od to 18s Od Beans :: If ...15? , (Id to 17s 6d Peas, per qr Grinding barley, per qr 3 3 0 s Od to 32s Od Malting ditto, „ Oats 22s Od to 27s Od 1 1 Flour,ls sd, is 7d, and is 9d per 14 lb. MELTON MOWBRAY—TUESDAY. The following were the currencies :—New white wheat, 43s Od to 47s Od; new red, 42s Od to 45s per 36 stone; beans, 39s to 43s for old; new sorts, 37s to 42s per 33 st. ; barley, 26s to 40s for malting, and 27s to 30s per qr. for grinding; new oats, 235 . , to 26s Od per 24 stone. DUBLIN—TUESDAY. We were well supplied with grain to-day. Wheat 6d and oath 6d to 9d per barrel lower than on Friday. In In dian corn nothing doing. s. d. s. d. Wheat, white.. 23 0 to 25 6 Do., red .. 20 0 to 23 6 Do., new 0 to 0 Barley Oats Do., black — 0 to 0 d. s. d. s. Beans.. — 0 to 0 Bere Rapeseed Oatmeal l2 0 to 14 0 Bakers' flour Indian corn Foreign Mail Packet List, MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton ..Oct. 19. via Marseilles Oct. 13. Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. Oct. 5. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena Oct. 29. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton Oet. 2. _ via Marseilles Oct. 13. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton Oct. 2. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Oct. 2 via Marseilles Oct. 13. India (Bombay), via Southampton Oct. 11. via Marseilles Oct. 5. Portugal.... ...... Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Oct. 2. via Marseilles Oct. 11. Newfoundland Oporto and Vigo .. U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.... Oct. 8, by U.S. packet.... by Canadian packet. Oct. 2. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe ..Oct. 10. Bahamas, via New York ' • Oat. 22. Mexico ' Oct. 29. • • • All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Fera ' 1 Oct. 14. California, and British Columbia.. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Horniman's pure Tea; very choice at 3s. 4d. and 4s. " High Standard "at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Sd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in everi: town supply it in packets. HARVESTING ON SUNDAY.—In Queen .unzazt beth's reign a proclamation was issued, whereby all parsons, vicars, and curates were enjoined "to teach and declare unto the people, that they might, with safe and quiet consciences (after common prayer), in time of harvest. labour upon the holy and festival days, and save the things which God had sent them : for if, by any groundless scruples of conscience, they should abstain from working on those days, that they should grievously offend and dis please God, if the grain was thereby lost or damaged." Births. BEDFORD.—On th© 26th inst., at Cheltenham, the wife of Major-General Bedford, of a son. SIDNEY.—On the 29th inst., t Bow M es Manor, ofSouthate, a the wife of Thomas Sidney, Esq.) .P., Alderman, son. WARDELL.—On the 27th inst., at Upminster, the wife of James it. Wardell, Esq., of a son. WRITAKER.—On the 25th inst., at 59, Torrington-squaret the wife of Frank Whitaker, Esq., of a daughter. Marriages. CUMING—DREIV.—On the 28th inst., at St. George's, Hanover -square, Charles Cumming, Esq., of Bradninch, Devon, to Ann Doddridge, daughter of the late Mr. W. Drew, of the same place. WAKEFIELD—PUGII.—On the 26th inst. ' at Upper Clap ton, Thomas J. Wakefield, son of J. M. Wakefield, Esq., of Mildmar park, to Lydia, third daughter of Mr. John Pugh, of Church-street, Stoke Newington. Deaths. BILL,—On the 27th inst., in London, Charles llorsfall Bill, Esq., of Storthes Hall, in the county of York, aged 72. BIRICHEAP.—On the 27th inst., in Hans-place, Sloane street, Miss Anne Birkhead, aged 84. CHAMBERS.— On the 29th inst., at Vernlam John's wood, Anne, wife of Robert Chamb' ITARINGTON.—On the 29th inst., Edmund Esq., barrister-at-law, second son of Admi of Woodvale, 1.W., aged 43. GILES.— On the 27th inst., John Giles, Esq. Balliol Col., Oxford, aged 43. HUMPHERY.—On the 28th inst., at Batters,T ham-common, John Humphery, Esq., Al 70. Tasman.—On the 10th inst., at Brighton year, Elizabeth, the beloved wife of Jos Esq., of Baker-street, London. 11.1•13* London : Pr;rized and n:bilshed tfy WILMA. of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN Strand, in the Precinct of the aavoy. in bilddleoext7Wednesclit7, SepteraDer 30, if n House,Saint bers, LL.D. I F. frar i n gton, r sea-rise, Clap- aderman, aged • n, in her 60th sepia Tussaud t DS ANDREA'S; tire' 1 g Office No. 11Z, in the County Of 1803, ~ t ti t- A