The Sun. — London, England, 1863-10-01 00:00:00

Dg WYls 110 ER'S NEW WORK, SUBTLE BRAIM And LISSOM FINGERS S Being Some of the I 7hisel Marks of Our Industrial and Scientific Progress, may b e had at all the Libraries or at any Booksellers, price 6s. By th e same Author, CURIOSITIES OF CII TILIZATION. Sixth Edition. Cs. OUR SOCIAL BEES. Sixth Edition. 6s. London : Robert. Hardwicke, 192, Piccadilly. Now ready, 620 pp., pc s ri t Bv lo o., Third and Cheap Edition, p ce s. 6d., OBSCURE DISEASES of the BRAIN and MIND. By FORBES WricsLow, M.D., D.C.L. London : Rober t Hardwicke, 192, Piccadilly. JIERRNI"..kNN, PRESTIDIGITATEUR. PRINCI;Ss'S THEATRE.—IIERR lIERRMANN'S Performances, EVERY EVENING, at Eight. Jn Two Parts—as give c' by him in all the principal 'Theatres and Opera Houses 0 f the Continent of Europe and America. The whole of the M nrvellous Illusions entirely new, and invented by Herr lierrir,ann. Prices t,f admission as usual. Doors opeL., at half-pe st 7. T REATR E ROYAL DRURY- LANE. - Manager' 1. Messrs. E. Falconer and F. B. Chatterton. THIS EVE TING, THE DEAL BOATMAN : Messrs. G. Belmore, F. Charles; Miss R. Leclercq, and Mrs. Edmund Falconer. To conclude with the new and original Comedy, by Ed mund Falrone r, entitled NATURE'S ABOVE ART : A Ro mance of the Nursery : Messrs. Walter Lacy, Addison, Ryder, Barrett, G. Be lmore, F. Charles. Neville Miss Charlotte Saunders. Misr Murray, Miss R. Leclercq, Mrs. Melville, and Mrs. Edmund Falconer. Box-office open from Ten till Five daily. Prices as usuaL Commence at 7. T HEAT:RE ROYAL HAY M ARKET.— Open for the Season. THIS EVENING, and during the Week , to commence at 7, with AN UNLUCKY MORTAL : Mr. W illiam Farren, Miss M. Harris, &c. After whiph, at a quarter to 8, the new Comedy of FINESSE; or, Spy and Counter Spy : characters by Mr. Alfred wigs n, Mr. Chippendale , M r. Howe, Mr. Bucksitone ; Mrs. Dowtcn (3d appearance), Miss L. Angel, and Mrs. Alfred wiga Concluding- with TURNING THE TABLES. On Monday, Oct. 26. Mr. and Mrs. CLtAS. MATHEWS Will return to the London stage. INTEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADEIRHL- Sole Proprietor and Manager. Mr. B. Webster. This Theatre will RE-OPEN for the Winter Season THIS EVENING, Oct. 1, entirely Al new painted and decorated. First appearance of Miss BATEAN, the celebrated Ameri can artiste. At 7, THE TRAGEDY QUEEN: Mrs. Stirling. At 8, the New Drama of LEAH : Miss Bateman, supported by Mr. Arthur Stirling (his first appearance here), Messrs. R. Phillips, Billington, Stuart, A. Wood, Eberne, Miss H. Simms and Mrs. Billingten. To conclude with CATCHING AN HEIRESS : Miss Woolgar and Mr. A. Wood. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Manager, Mr. W. H. Swanborough. THIS EVENING, WHERE'S YOUR WIFE. Mr. Bel ford, Miss Simpson. Followed by (61th time) THE 'MOTTO, " I'M ALL THERE." Messrs. Honey, Turner, E. Danvers, Collier, Clifton ; Mesdames Ada Swanborough, F. Josephs, Maria Simpson, Wallace, and Jenny White. To conclude with TURN HIM OUT. Mr. Turner, Miss Thorne. Commence at 7. THE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN , " Containing the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, can be had Every Evening of G. R. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. This DAY. — Morning, 4h. 25m.---Afternoon, 4h. 42m. To-monnow.-Morning, 4h. 59m.—Afternoon, sh. 20m. The Weather—Sun Office, Oct. 1, 1863. THERMOMETER. 64 This day at Two o'clock Barometer-29.38. Wind—South-Easterly ; moderate, and fine. • . - . . t 111"9.. SUIT LONDON, THURSDAY, ocr. 1, 1863. Upon the whole the Revenue Returns for the Quarter may be pronounced satisfactory. Remem bering the long continuance of the American War, which has shut out from us, for so protracted an interval, the customary supply of cotton required for so large a branch of our manufactures—these tables, showing that in spite of the American War, in spite of this sudden, and almost total, and fright fully protracted continuance of oat: yearly cotton supplies :has in no conspicuous way injuriously affected our commerce, cannot but be followed with a sense of grateful exultation. There is no doubt rather disagreeably noticeable, almost at the first glance, a large apparent decrease in the Revenue of the Quarter. A decrease large, that is, compara tively. A decrease, however, that is, as we have stated merely apparent—because one arising purely and simply from the double reduction made by the Chancellor of the Exchequer in his last Budget : here by the diminution of the duty upon tea, here by the dropping of a proportion of that burdensome tax upon income and property, every penny in the pound, of which represents upwards of £1,000,000 sterling, wrung from the earnings of the whole age gregate of our busy toiling population ! Hence, and solely because of this reduction upon the income tax, and upon the tea duty, the more notable dimi nations referred to in the total Revenue of the Quarter. Notwithstanding which—notwithstanding the decrease in the proceeds of the Property Tax upon the Quarter to the extent of £lOB,OOO, and the decrease under the Customs Returns upon the Quarter to the extent of £329,000, mainly attri butable to the remission of duty upon tea--notwith standing that decrease upon:the Quarter under these two heads to the tune (together) of £437,ooo—there is yet manifest this most gratifying consideration, viz , that while there is a slight deficit discernable upon the last Quarter, and a yet slighter one upon the last Half-year, there is very,nearly a good round million in the way of surplus upon the whole Year, or, to be plain, a net increase upon the year to the extent of exactly £808,842. There is but little doubt of it, altogether, in point of fact, that we have small reason for solicitude of any kind in regard to our financial position —even in very despite of this woeful civil war in North America, a war that by necessity, of course, so very seriously (but, thank Heaven, as our financial tables continue to show for our consolation, not disastrously) affects our manufactures. We should have still less reason for anxiety in reference to those highly elaborated but smoothly working contrivances by which the balance is maintained in our complex fiscal and financial arrangements accordingly as they are modified by the annual influence of the Budget --were it not for the remembrance that, in the Verso n of the gifted man who is now entrusted w arpthe responsibilities dev o l vin g u p on En g land's Cha ncellor of the Exchequer, we have, besides the lin g 4 e 4 tioi la ble Man of Genius, the great Orator, the r i„ Ad iiitholr, the loyal Min ister, the p atriotic alju istrete r _ a most rash, a most dangerous, and a moat Of that telutric Experimentalist as a Finan cier.ever. This -- l - n 7 e te can be no further doubt what doubt of any lc -a" year' s Budget—if there ever was a of even the films' upon the subject -la st that d ou bt at rest at once and for Bo er and in the min— conscience, that is, of --°'''e Yone but a rigid par tisan of the Governm ent. Mr. GLADSTONE n escapades of last year were too flignint, in truth, of their kind to be very readily forgotten. The proposed club tax, the proposed tax 11000 charities, the whim3ey here, and the crotchet there, juggled before the House by that ambidexterous rhetori cian, as cleverly but about as distressingly (merely to witness even) as the flashing to and fro of the half-dozen daggers tossed from hand to hand by RAMMO - SAMMEE—who can think of these even now without a qualm of discomfort at the prospect next spring of another and kindred performance ? Fantastic crotchets and whimsies in the way of e x p eri mental - finance—( s till in this like those glittering daggers of RA31310-SAMMEE)—that the conjuror himself might swallow but that the spectators could not! Swept aside as hardlylees perilous than they were beyond any doubt ridiculous, they will in all likelihood, these dis creditable eccentricities in the last Budget be emu ' lated in the next by others cgs perilous and as ridiculous. It is the perpetual thought of this zn futuro that yields us a qualm of discomfort, even when we are most disposed to congratulate our selves while turning over (as we have been doing just now) a comparatively satisfactory balance sheet. Sir H. VERNEY and Mr. HUBBARD have been practising their rhetoric in Buckingham with very tolerable success. It is true that they did not agree altogether in their estimate of foreign affairs, particularly in regard to Russia and Poland. In this skirmish Mr. HUBBARD had the worst of the argument. He spoke at some length, and his ob. nervations were very quietly put and speciously in troduced, but the tone of them altogether failed to represent the spirit of the country. He stated that it was a very satisfactory thing to notice that Earl RUSSELL had observed lately that there was no immediate chance of a war because of Poland. This may be a fact, and perhaps it is, for all things are not prepared for a contest just now, and there are certain contingencies and difficulties that might interpose awkward delays and occasion inconve nient :estrangements if that event took place. It was the explanation of the affair that rendered Mr. HUBBARD'S remarks so unsuitable, for he seemed to insinuate that we had no right to have interfered at all in the affair. He set out with this assertion, that "non-intervention was the true policy of this 1 country—non-intervention in every case in which the direct interest or honour of England did not call upon us to go to war." This is rather a sweep ing assertion, because England would be stultifying herself if she did nothing and said nothing, what ever happened of cruelty and tyranny in a foreign State. It would not be doing nothing but perform ing something in a very bad cause if our mighty nation had tamely acquiesced in the policy of St. Petersburg, and thus tacitly encouraging the cruel and devastating course that the legions of the Rus sians have been pursuing in Poland, turning her fields into burial grounds, and threatening to de populate her cities. Mr. HUBBARD went on to say that "great injustice had been done to Russia by the way in which the question had been debated in the House of Commons, and in every public meet ing which had been held in this country." It is a great pity that any influential public man should speak in this strain, because it furnishes an excuse to the opponents of liberty to say that our country is not at unity on the question. Mr. HUBBARD was very indignant that we should have presumed to dictate terms to a nation so mighty, to tell the absolute ruler of seventy or eighty millions of men to cease from hostilities. Times and manners must in deed have changed,for the worse when the exponents of England's policy pause to re fleet if a ruler is mighty before taking up the cause of the weak ho is tramp ling on, or defending the poor who are in jeopardy from his wrath. If we are to fear any empire, from whence are there to come any champions of the oppressed. It should be the proudest boast of our countrymen that their Government consider no state too mean to be protected, and regard no empire as too mighty to be opposed if the cause of justice demands it. The spirit of honour, the claims of humanity, and the voice of the oppressed ones on GOD'S earth have ever been held sufficientlp potent to call forth the assistance of England, and arm her hosts for any encounter. It is a proud thought to dwell upon that on our empire the sun never sets, but it is a higher and better cause for rejoicing to reflect that on our shores the slave is free. When Mr. HUBBARD said that the first outbreak was the "midnight assassination of Rassian troops quar tered in a Polish province," ho might have remem- bered what caused that outbreak. The midnight seizure of Polish youths to serve in the ranks of their enemies will be held by many as a sufficient provo. cative for even greater deeds of violence. It is really a relief to turn to Sir H. VERNEY'S remarks on this subject. He said that he dissented from his colleague in his views regarding Poland. He gave it as his opinion that " those who went to Russia were miserably deceived," this is, doubtless, very true, but those who stay at home will coincide with Sir H. VERNEY'S assertion that, " there is no coun try in the world that has been so dreadfully tyran nised over as Poland has been by Russia." He considered that we ought not to permit such a state of things to go on without uttering a protest. He went to political grounds, and stated that peace could never be satisfactorily established in Europe until Russia ceased to tyrannise over Poland. This was a word in season, and must have been the exponent of the feelings and the represen tation of the opinion of many persons. blr. HUB BARD'S views in regard to foreign policy were alto gether of a questionable character on this occasion. He briefly adverted to America, and thereupon affirmed that "in this case our Government had acted with great firmness and consummate wisdom." It would puzzle many to explain how and in wh a t matter " great firmness " is consistent with the shuffling policy and variable demeanour that have characterised all the course of the transactions of our Ministers during the trans-Atlantic controversy. " Consummate wisdom" does not appear in a line of action that is estranging both sides from us far more than any open espousal of an adverse cause would have irritated either party. Lukewarm acquaint ances ale worse than enemies, and dilly-dallying with things that want immediate decision, and a wavering purpose in settling affairs where a strong will is needed, can never occasion anything but doubt and discontent. Non-intervention is not the present policy towards America. Have we not just heard Earl RUSSELL'S statement that he will protect, to the utmost of his power, one side more than the other. Everyone knows what that means coming from such a quarter, and, therefore, it is quite unavailing for adherents of his policy to try to win over doubtful minds, for such bold assertions are not proved at all. Sir H. VERNEY spoke on the subject of labourer's cottages. He expatiated on the advantage accruing to the landlords by providing good and comfortable residences. They might thus combine interest with duty, and benefit themselves white they bestowed a blessing upon others. He believed that the land lord could give his son no better education than how to manage their land better and to obtain a thorough knowledge of it. He had had ample experience of the efficacy of the changes intro duced into the condition of the dwellings. I , H e had seen the character of the labourers improved by taking them out of the bad cottages and placi ng them in good ones." Mr. HUBBARD, in adverting to this subject, remarked that it had been said the cottage question was a landlord's, but that it was also a farmer's question. " The tenant fer nier pa id wages to the labourer, who could only cc, uiy his ttsg e at a rent that would remune oval r w hen he got sufficient wages for rate the p coe The p tison to interests rocee dings passed off with concerned, and the discussion of a i a d ou btless be productive of great service to the goo d cause now in hand in so many places of furnishing shslflacacbtloiuor. a ll con will better homes for the labouring classes. Exper ience has attested in many s t r iking instances the vast impor t ance to the com munity of enabling the labouring Ga sses to live with comfort, decency, and ease. It. is no use popit, wisdom hearing sermon from th© from the learned, or sage counsel from the em ployer, if he returns to a miserable dwelling that seems a mockery of the sacred name of home, and a violation of all the best feelings of humanity. Eloquent exhortation have not been wanting to testify to the importance and extent of the advan tages ensured to a country when possessed of a hardy generation of the sons of the soil. In fanciful allegory one writer has declared that "Xs from the peasant's hardy stock the race of giants are;'' and the Ayrshire Ploughman has made memorable the following vindication of his class in these lines :- 6' Princes and peers may flourish or may fade, A breath can make them as a breath has made; But a bold peasantry, their country's pride, When once destroyed can never be supplied," It would seem that liberal principles are rapidly developing themselves in Denmark, and there is no reason to hope that the stormy period through which she has passed will lead in the end to sub stantial benefits. Once relieved from the weight of German authority, and set free from the continental harass to which he has been subjected, the KING no doubt has liberal views and tendencies. He a nd his Ministers have the sagacity to see that they must identify themselves with the party of progress and constitutional government, if they hope to retain their position in Europe. It is an independent and constitutional monarch, supported by the love of his people and anxious for their welfare, that King CHRISTIAN claims our sympathies, and, although an excuse might ea s ily b e ma d e f or d e f err i n g the proposed reforms until a more tranquil time, it is certain that the line now tak en i s th e w i ser a s well as the bolder one. No tim e h as b een l ost i n fulfil link the expectations of th e p eo pl e . Th e da y after the assembling of the Ri g s r a a d th e P res id ent of the Council laid before it the draught of a new consti tution for Denmark and Schleswi g , b y w hich all questions common to the two provinces are to be regulated. This draught shows, w e are told, great progress in the development of liber a l id eas in Den mark, and from what we can learn o f it suc h is cer tainly the case. The members of th e L owe r House are to be freely elected without any consideration as to their income or the income of the electors. A property qualification will only be requisite for the members of the Upper House. This is certainly an important step, and it will make the constitution of the two representatives in some respects s i m ilar to that of our English Houses o f P arliamen t ' All matters concerning Denmark p er se will b e s ettled by the Rigsraad, and those o f S chlesw i g by the estates of that Duchy. There is, therefore, a fair opening for a new political career, but unhappily the the Holstein discussion is not a t an end. When in deed will it ever be ?It h as b ecome chronic difficulty of European statesmen, and anY m eans of satisfactory settlement wo u ld b e accepte d gladly by the political world at l arge. It ma y be that such a settlement is at h an d , and that G er man as sumption and obstinacy will push matters to an ex tremity that will necessitate the final adjustment of the long-pending disp u t e . S upported by the alli ance of Sweden, who h as come boldly to t h e re scue, and strong in the unan i m i ty of her Pe°P l e' Den mark presents no contemptible front to the German invader. Should matters prcceed muc h further, moreover, England m us t i nfallibly ta k e part, and that part, notwithstanding th e sympathies of our Foreign Minister, will not be w ith the German Confederation. At every port the arrival of the Chan nel Fleet is Ireland has, of cour se , f ormed no e the signal for festiviti es an d rejoicings. Hospitable Liverpool in the w arm th of its re rule, and has rivall e d G lasgow, Sun d e rland, and sception to the extent of its interest. Th e v i s i t to B e lfast has been o ption and the succeeded by a trip to the B a y of Dublin, and although, unfortunately, from th e state of the wea ther, their stay was necessarily very limited, there can be no doubt th a t i t was very b e neficial in its influence, enli s ti ng t h e quick sympathies of the Hibernians on beh a lf of their no bl e vessels and their intelligent an d courteous comman ders. The banquet give n by t h e citizens of Dub li n to Admiral DACRES was the o ccas i on • for great rejoicings, and although the tim e f or preparation wa s necessarily limited, the go o d w ill of the hosts disp la y ed itself in the brilliancy of th e reception. The a ddresses were chiefly rema r k a bl e from their hear tiness and ow ed unanimity. The Mayor, c-fly ex in proposing the health of his visitors, r emar k ed that the " woo den walls" to which Old E ng l an d chi now things of th e past, but he her glory, were pressed his hocon viction that as much depended on the men as on th e ships, and certainly, Weyer b e neficial may be changes in th e one , we need not see k to improve A upon the other. Admiral D A CRES, who will be come quite an orator if h e has so many opportuni ties for speechm a ki ng, said, as he h as sa id b e f ore i n other words, th a t t h e enthusiasm of the people at visit e d every spot they h ave showed the very strong interest felt in th e Nay throughout the coun t r y. The gallant Ad m i ral attached great i mpor t ance t o the unity of f ee li ng NT between the mer chan t service and the Navy, an d hinted that valuabl e allies for the national cause were to. b e found, if need existed, in the mer c h ant service. In the course o f the even ing a bumper was dru n k to t he health of Sir LEO POLD MeCLINTOCEI, a coun tryman of whom Irish.. men may well b e proud, and that officer, in return ing tha n k s , spoke of the liberal praise bestowed on him and hi s companions. It was not surpr i s i ng that the succ ess f u l explorers of the far - famed North - West Passa ge S h ould have been warmly greeted b y their count rymen, for the achievem ent of that task, which seemed well nigh an impossibility, no t only did they celebrate but, in honouring them, the nation paid h omage to the brave men who had laid down their liv es i n those inhospitable regions. No guest could have been more fitting at a banquet held in honour of ship s and sailors, and no one could have been be t t er qualified to apprec i ate t h e capa bilities of the noble vessels then anchored in the Bay. Universal admiration of them is expressed, and a feeling of Confidence and security appears to spring up in the minds of landsmen at the sight of such capable defenders. A commercial gentleman of Dublin gave an amusing illustration of this. He had lately heard some one ma ki ng i nqu i r i es a b ou t a Southern farmer of enormous size and strength. " Was he a quarrelsome man ?" " Ah, no," was the reply, '° nut in tile least." " Was he ever seen to fight ?" " No, never ; he was a very quiet man entirely ; he was a most peaceable man ; but (this was added in a whisper) I never saw the man who had a fancy to fight with him !" Such, it is to be hoped, will be the case with that goodly array of " leviathans afloat" under the command of Admiral DACILES ; and certainly it must be a satisfaction to all lovers of peace and safety that we have such a " material guarantee" for the undisturbed repose of our shores. The cruise of this year has unques tionably done good in awakening the old naval enthusiasm of the people, and in showing them that all the discussions about national defences have not ended in empty words, but that England really possesses a fleet worthy of her name, her position, and her character. THE FRENCH EXHIBITION OF THE WORKS OF LIVING ARTISTS, to be held next year in Paris, will open on the Ist of Nay, and close on the lOth of June. Foreign as well as French pictures will be admitted. Works for exhibition are to be sent in between the 10th and 20th of March next, THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, OCTJBER, 1, 1861 LATEST INTELLIGENCE. [RETJTER'S TELEGRAMS.] THE POLISH INSURRECTION. CRACOW, OCT. 1. An engagement took place on the 29th tilt. at Mipzow in the Wojwodschaft of Cracow between the insurgent chief Otto and the Russians. Fifty Cossacks, with their arms and horses were cap tured. Another engagement was fought on the 27th ult., near Semworno, in' the Wojwodechaft of Kaliscb. Arrests continue to be made in Warsaw. TURKEY. CONSTANTINOPLE, SEPT. 30. It is still affirmed in the best financial circles that there will shortly be an issue of 3 0,000,000 fr. in Consolides for the payment of the Syrian indem nity. The same announcement has been made by the Levant Herald, and has not been denied by the Government. It is said that the new securities will only be negotiable in Syria, and will be redeemable in five years. MEXICO. PARIS, OCT. 1. The Moniteur of to-day publishes a letter from ➢lexico describing the rapid progress which has been made by French intervention. The same correspondence comparing the present with the former state of things, says that the num ber of victims under the rule of Juarez was 7,305, of whom 2,065 were assassinated while defending their liberty, their life, and their property. PRANCE. PARIS, OCT. 1. Letters received from Rome to the 27th Septem ber announce that General Montebello had pub lished an order of the day, acquainting his soldiers with the disgraceful act of the Pontifical gendarme in firing upon the Italian officer on the frontiers, and with the equally blameable conduct of the Pontifical Government which protected such assas sins. The relations between General Montebello and the Pontifical Government were not friendly. Every possible difficulty was provoked by Mgr. Merode, Pontifical Minister of War. BOURSE, Sept ; 30. —The reponse de primes (option) has been made at 67f 85c for the Threes. Vlarket quiet, and with but a trifling variation in quotations, Threes, for the account, being now at 671 80c. Mobilier at 1,210 f. Railway Share Market without animation, and prices generally well maintained. The market improved towards the close, and left off as follows : it per Cent 5....... 95 90 Do. end month.... —.- 3 per Cents ...... 68 Do. end month.... 68 Credit Mobilier...J2lB 75 Do. end m0nth...J.220 Bank Shares...... 3365 Credit k oncier ....1360 - BA IL` Italian Loan 74 Do. end month 74 55 New ditto Do. end month.... Russian Austrian .. — Spanish Threes — Home Debt rAYB. Cash. Account. 1026 25 .. 1028 75 095 .. 995 Orleans Northern . New ditto ......... Lyons and Mediterranean 1025 .. 1025 Geneva.. Southern ...... Western ...... Eastern Sardinian...... 426 25 .. 425 Austrian ...... Lon-bard North of Spain Saragossa .. 655 655 Ditto to Barcelona .... AUSTRIA. At the sitting of the Austrian Chamber of Deputies on the 25th the committee charged to examine the reclamations of the Polish Deputy, Count Dzieduszyski, presented its report. The Count's carriage had been stopped at Lemberg and driven to the police office ; as, however, the arrest did not con tinue longer than was necessary to search the vehicle, the Chamber did not see in the fact, any attack on parliamentary inviolability, and passed to the order of the day on the proposition of the committee. The Warning to the Presses A letter from Paris says;—M. Emile de Girardin's irrepressible audacity has at length drawn upon the Presse the warning which, as we were informed yesterday, had been kept for some days in pickle. The Government fixes as a justification of the warn ing upon some passag es i n an art i c l e o f hi s in the Presse of yesterday ev en i ng, w hi c h are, after all, infinitely less strong than the things which he wrote before, and which it was thought expedient to pass over. The crime as set forth in the warning is as follows : Considering that the author of the article repre sents the conduct. of foreign affairs as being dis quieting for the country and compromising for public credit ; and that he thus seriously distorts the policy of the Government. The only passages i n the incriminated article which can possibly be cit e d as b ear ing out the con demnation are the followi ng :.r If the minister had conducted the negotiations with prudence, would now does every morning wh en s h e wakes up, who ther she is to fix bayonets, sell h e r Rents, and hoard her gold ? France be asking , as s he We ask of all those in France whose interests are suffering from this insoluble question of Poland, and of all those who have read M. Drouyn de Lhuys' numerous despatches, whether he has act ed in accordance with M. Bill au l t ' s s p e ech of March 19 , 1863. We ask wheth er t h e " execution"--to use the words of the M --oniteur—has responded to t he "direction ?'' We think that the means of execution of the Government idea adopted by M. Drouyn de Lhuys were the worst possible, because (among s t other reasons), in case of f a il ure, w hi c h it is always pru. dent and necessary to provide for, there was no other prospect than war, or at least a rupture with Russia, the only since re an d use f u l ally of France, and, moreover, a situation for the country relative l y weaker than th e a d m i ra ble situation which France had attained at t h e congre ss of Paris. It is a truly miserable thing to think of that at a great Europ ean cr i s i s like the present the French Government sh ou ld t hi n k to make a diversion by a warning to What becom es o f the a d m itted principle that the a newspaper. And such a w arnin g too! acts of ministers are open to discussion if it is not permissible to hazard the opinion that a particular line of conduct b y a m i n i s ter is calculated to alarm the country and compromise credit ? Accordi n g t o the doctrine of t h e wa rning the Minister whose conduct is criticised is entitled to say authorita tively that this criticism is a libel upon the Govern ment—and there an end. M. de Girardin to-night abstains from all com ment upon the warning, but, with his actual acute ness, contrives to embody in a few words some con siderations which show tae follow of the Minister who plumes hims e lf upon diplomatic success. Quoting a few a pt words from Lord Russell's speech, reiteratin g the determination of England not to go to War at the beck of France on behalf of the Poles, be d e fi es the Constltutionnel, Pays , France , and Memorial Diplom ati q ue to talk an y more about the " European understanding and the accord between the three powers." The Pays, however, does this very evening per sist that the accord between the three powers has not been sterile, and it founds its observation upon the fact that Lord Russell declares that Russia, not having fulfilled the obligations of the treaties of 1815, has forfeited her title to Poland under them. Notwithstanding the pacific accompaniments of this declaration, th e Pays holds it up as one of great mpor t nee. LITERATURE, Breakfast in Bed ; or, Philosophy Between the Sheets. By George Augustus Sala. One vol., PP. 334. Maxwell and Co. Foremost in the second rank of our English men of-letters now living, stands the author of these, and of we don't know how many other, delightful pages. Mr. Sala will not take the phrase here employed by us (as distinctively expressive of his position) in any way invidiously. Of that we are certain. He is himself a critic of too much discernment to be de luded in this matter into any such misapprehen sion—even by his remembrance of those halcyon dreams he must, doubtless, at times have in dulged in eagerly enough during the earlier days of his adoption of the intellectual craft of author ship—cherished hopes and wishes in regard to his assuming his place, sooner or later, in the front rank, among the most distinguished of his literary con temporaries, Further than to one of the foremost positions in the second rank of authorship, he must be himself as conscious as anyone that he has not advanced. But in that second rank, to our thinking he has taken his place by this time, not merely among the foremost, but par excellence as the Fore most. While in the first rank, stand the literary Sauls of cur generation, towering each of them by far more than a head and shoulders merely above the average intellectual sta ture of their age, men of conspicuous genius who have already hewn oat their own niches, or built up their enduring pedestals in the Walhalla of our National Literature, an incompar able Humorist like Dickens, a Crichton of Letters like Bulwer, a Poet like Tennyson, a Satirist like Thackeray—others there are, amongst the most in dustrious writers of the time,who have signalised in a variety of ways the possession of gifts securing to them a great deal of our attention, attracting a large share of our sympathy, and even fre quently winning from U 8 our very cordial admira tion. At the head of these we unhesitatingly place Mr. Sala. During the last ten or fifteen years he has plied his pen with extraordinary assiduity. It would make a goodly list, we should imagine, by this time, the mere enumeration of the periodicals to which he has, in succession, been, all this while, a contributor—a contributor whose individuality could not but arrest the observation at once of readers and reviewers. Whether writing in this way with an ever flying pen for the wonderful twopenny double columns of Household Words, or for the übiquitous penny broadsheet of the Daily Telegraph, whether following London Life, Twice Bound the Clock, in companionship with his whimsical artist friend William M'Connell, or recounting, in the earlier chapters delightfully, in the later chapters most disappointingly, the per sonal history and the artistic career of the most original and the most national of our English painters, " William Hogarth," in the pages of the Cornhill Magazine—whether editing a shilling magazine of his own, The Temple Bar to wit, or re lating his voyaging in the Baltic, and his journey ing onwards to St. Petersburg, whether penning a romance like that entitled " The Seven Sons of Mammon," or recounting in old-fashioned diction end in old-fashioned ways the " Strange Adven tures of Captain Dangerous "—Mr. Sala is always readable. He is coarse occasionally, but he is always entertaining. We only remember one of his more pretentious works that we could feel. at all, even at, rare intervals, to be in any way wearisome —namely, a work already here particularised, and that, too, with a hint of disfavour or depreciation, meaning his biography of Hogarth. Otherwise than in that one exceptional instance, we have never yet been tempted to throw aside anything to which Mr. Sala has put his hand, whether as a writer of books or as a contributor to the periodicals, out of a sense of its tediousness. Least of all, perhaps, among his many vivacious and varied performances, should we be tempted to do this by the very book now under notice. And we say this in spite of its titlepage—to us an unpleasantly affected, and even, it mig at be said, a positively unattractive titlepage. " Breakfast in Bed—or, Philosophy between the Sheets—a [what is it Mr. Sala calls it P] a Series of Indigestible Discourses !" The last (generic) designation of the book, besides being intensely disagreeable of its kind, is, to our mind, beyond that, nothing less than a flagrant misnomer. In digestible these dozen discourses are not—at least we have not found them so. Devouring them with a relish, we have found, on the contrary, that from page 1 to page 334 there was nothing in the whole collection of this really appetising hotch-potch or gallimaufry of innocent fun and humorous observation upon men and things, that we could not, with perfect satisfaction to ourselves, " read, mark, learn (some of it almost. by heart), and inwardly digest!" Mr. Sala's " Breakfast in Bed," without having about it any of the sardonic wit, has much of that perennial vivacity for which the famous breakfasts of Mr. Rogers in St. James's were so remarkable, They are, one and all of them, frolicsome, discursive, and anecdotal. The only thing especially noticeable in it is that our host has the whole of the talk to himself. That talk, while it is throughout conversational in its character, is not by any means conversational in the sense of the ordinary give and take of remarks among a cluster of inter locutors. It does not even widen into Dialogue. It is a series of Discourses—strung together like a succession of Monologues. Upon themes, too, whimsical enough to draw mirth from an anchorite —even from a dirty, unclad, unwholesome anchorite like Mr. Lucas, of the dilapidated farm down in Hertfordshire. Instance—" On a Remark able Dramatic Performance," meaning my Lord Dundreary, "On a Little Boy going to School," " On the Condition of My Poor Feet"—" On a Remarkable Dog"—" On a Young Lady on a Bal cony," and so forth. While the almost distasteful title of the book is disagreeably suggestive of notions such for example, as that when Mr. Sala, was correcting the proof-sheets of his "Breakfast in Bed," he must have found them unpleasantly full of crumbs —we, as among his readers (and reviewers), as one of the guests bidden to this matutinal banquet of his providing, sitting there by the side of the well-spread fourposter, have never once felt disposed so far to enforce Poor Richard's recommendation of early rising, as to administer to its occupant what might be properly called a sort of cold pig of criticism, viz., by throwing cold water upon our Entertainer, or upon these Twelve very capital " Breakfasts in Bed" pleasantly pro. vided by him for our entertainment. SHIPPING—This Day. LoNnorr, Oct. I.—Wind this day at noon—South- Easterly; moderate breeze, and cloudy weather, with rain. NEWPORT, Sept. 29.—Wind W.—Arrived—Volunteer, from Garrucha. THE ENGLISHMAN CARICATURED —by Mr. Nathaniel Hawthorne, in his new book of " Our Old Home" :—lt being the first considerable assemblage of Englishmen that I had seen, my honest impression about them was, that they were a heavy and homely set of people, with a remarkable roughness of aspect and behaviour, not repulsive, but beneath which it required more familiarity with the national character than I then possessed always to detect the good breeding of a gentleman, Being gene• rally middle aged, or still further advanced, they were by no means graceful in figure ; for the comeliness of the youthful Englishman rapidly diminishes with years, his body appearing to grow longer, his legs to abbreviate themselves, and his stomach to assume the dignified prominence which justly belongs to that me tropolis of his system. His face (what with the acridity of the atmosphere, ale at lunch, wine at dinner, and a well digested abundance of succulent food) gets red and mottled, and develops at least one additional chin, with a promise of more, so that finally a stranger recognises his animal part at the most superficial glance, but must take time and a little pains to discover the intellectual. Comparing him with an American,l really thought that our national paleness and lean habit of flesh gave us greatly the advantage in an sasthe • tic point of view. It seemed to me, moreover, that the Eng lish tailor had not done so much as he might and ought for those heavy figures, but had gone on wilfully exaggerating their uncouthness by the roominess of their garments; he had evidently no idea of accuracy of fit, and smartness was entirely out of his line. Bat, to be quite open with the reader, I afterwards learned to think that this aforesaid tailor has a deeper art than his brethren ammo. ourselves, knowing bow to dress his customers with such' individual propriety that they look as if they were horn in their clothes, the fit being to the character rather than the form. If you make an Englishman smart (unless he be a very exceptional one, of whom I have seen a few), you make him a monster : his best aspect is that of ponderous respectability. Mr. Henley, MT., on the Influence of Free Trade upon Agriculture. WOODSTOCK, WEDNESDAY. The annual show of the Woodstock Agricultural and Horticultural Society took place yesterday, in Blenheim•park, which, as well as the private gar dens attached to the ducal mansion, was thrown open to the members and visitors of the society by his Grace the Duke of Marlborough. The show of flowers, which was exetedingly fine, took place under marquees pitched on the lawn near the palace, and a volunteer band attended throughout the day. The number of visitors was very large, and the show was a complete success. The prizes were distributed by the Duchess of Marlborough. In the evening the members of the society dined together, Lord Dillon in the chair. The Duke of MARLBOROUGH, in returning thanks for the toast of Lis health, briefly addressed the company on the present improved condition of agri culture, and the service which had been rendered it by societies like the present. Mr. HENLEY, M.P., in returning thanks for the borough members, expressed his gratification at being present after his recent illness, and expressed a hope that agriculture would always be amongst the first, if not the very first interest of the country. I believe, he said, that it is the first, if measured by a proper standard. If this conclusion was one at which only we ourselves arrived it would still be very gratifying to our feelings, but we have had the advantage of the opinion of a foreign prince who lately presided over the meeting of an agricul tural society at a place not very far distant from this. We have a right to consider that opinion a dispassionate one. Self-love may blind us a little, but no doubt a distinguished foreigner such as the Duke of Aumale residing in this country is likely to take a just view of things which come before him. His royal highness said very complimentary things of us as farmers and Englishmen. He said that we were better off for being free from State interference in the management of our farm ing, and because these societies are self-managed and have nothing to do with the Government. All those things are pleasant to hear ; but a power which watches over us all fears that we might be too proud, and we hal, e been told in the press that though better off than people abroad, we have too many poor, and that though it is well to have agri cultural societies managing themselves, we might have been better off if we had a minister of agri culture; we are farther informed that the first spring of agriculture followed on free trade, though I can recollect that the first spring of agriculture as now carried on among us took place 40 or 50 years ago. But all this has appeared in what is called the leading organ. What are the facts ? At the beginning of the present century there was an agricultural society supported by grants from Par liament. Some 40 years ago the Government of the day got economical, and that society was snuffed out. (Loud laughter.) Well, that society having been snuffed out, the Royal Agri cultural Society sprang up. Therefore, it was not for want of a Government society that we were not better off. (Hear, hear.) Agriculture, in my opinion, has never stood still. You may trace it from one period to another ; and improvements in agriculture—great improvements—commenced and were developed before free trade was intro duced. (Hear, hear.) I come to book on that, (A laugh.) I think there has been a great improve• ment in what is called thorough draining. The system, contradistinguished from the old Essex system, commenced in this county. I do not go very quick into things—(laughter)—but my tenantry did this 30 years ago, therefore that im provement did not originate in free trade. It is quite true that after the introduction of free trade £2,000,000 or £3,000,000 of public money were lent to persons to enable them to thorough drain, but that only gave development to a principle which had been known and acted on before. (Hear, hear.) What is the other great improvement ? The quick bringing to market of the stock prepared by the agriculturist. That is an improvement which has been of vital importance to the people. If it were not for it they might have wagged their jaws, but they would have had no meat to put in them. (Laughter, and " Hear, hear.") Sheep, the great staple food of the country, were now brought to market within twelve months after they were born, and when many of them have been shorn once. That began very many years ago in this part of England. I remember seeing the young sheep walking to market with flannel jackets on their backs, to keep them from getting cold. (Loud laughter.) What I am stating is a fact, and it shows how agriculture has gone on, till we now find small lambs going up. You do not get such good mutton, to be sure, but if you had not the supply which is now sent to market you could not feed the people. (Hear, hear.) Again, the improvements in machinery have gone on step by step; from the rough horse thrashing machine to these imple ments which we now see working at everyone of these shows. True, the progress has been gradual, but my hon. friend near me (Mr. Bazley, M.P.) will not pretend that the mills of Lancashire were as perfect forty years ago as they are now. All modern trade and commerce is constantly improving, and in agriculture there are constant improvements as well as in trade. We have not gone on by jumps—we have been con tiaually improving : and I am satisfied that we must still be doing so, in order to keep pace with the necessities of the time. Agricultural shows are useful in permitting us to see how we can best do so. Perhaps you of Woodstock think you are the best fellows in the world, hut if you go a hundred miles you will find people who can walk round yon. (A laugh and cheers.) We see that these fellows go faster and we must go faster too. We must keep moving, and I believe we shall continue to move. But, it may be asked, why are not farmers as en thusiastic in favour of new inventions, and as quick to adopt them as manufacturers are to avail them selves of improvements in machinery ? There is this great difference—that in experiments made with respect to manufactures, the circumstances are of a fixed character, while in respect of agri cultural experiments the best of them may be upset by atmospherical influences, over which you have no control. An experiment which pro mises very well may turn out to be good for no thing. This naturally makes the agriculturist more careful than if he could at once make his experi ments under more settled and favourable circum stance. He must watch the effect of three or four seasons—he cannot jump at such conclusions as if he made his experiments within four walls and nnder a fixed condition of things. Ido not like to see our profession run do sin as it sometimes is. I do not see why, when the country has brought its agriculture to a point which bears comparison with that of other countries, we should not be allowed to proceed at a fair price. We cannot increase our ground; that is every day taken from us for houses and cottages; yet with all these things we have increased our produce, and this can only have been done by improved modes of working. Ido not conclude from this state of things that there is no room for improvement. Quite the contrary ; but I think that by the efforts of such societies as these—by watching the effect of in ventions, and by adopting such of them as turn out to be real improvements—you will keep the agriculture of this country, as it is now, at the head of the agricu'ture of the world. (Cheers.) On political subjects, I thank God, there is not much for us to say. As I observed before this year at one of these meetings we are at peace with the world and we are at peace with one another— (cheers) —and I hope we shall keep ourselves at peace. (Hear, hear.) Other countries seem to be willing enough to fight; there seems to be no in disposition on their part to fall out and slay one another, but I hope we can keep out of it. I see no English interest mixed up in it. I trust we shall always keep out of fighting, unless there is some honest English interest to fight for. If that is the case let us take off our gloves and fight like men. (Cheers.) There is no use in making a noise if you don't intend to fight. The least said the soonest mended. (Loud cheers.) Colonel NORTH and Colonel FANE returned thanks in brief terms, and several toasts were given and responded to before the party broke up. THE KING OF BAVARIA is again going to reside at Rome during the winter. THE NEW KING OF GREECE is to be feted at St. Petersburg by a grand review and a grand Court ball. QUEEN CHRISTINA of Spain has just lost one of her sons, Don Garcia, who expired the other day at Pan, in his seventeenth year. His Royal Highness Prince Napoleon left the Clarendon Hotel yesterday for Woburn Abbey. The Princess Czernicheff has left the Clarendon Hotel for the Continent. The Prince and Princess Wladimir BariatinskY and family have arrived at the Clarendon Hotel. His Excellency Count Bernstorff left the Prussian Legation last evening to join the countess and family at Brighton, after attending on their Royal Highnesses the Crown Prince and Princess of Prussia on their arrival in England on their way to visit the Queen at Balmoral. The Duke of Devonshire and Lady Louisa Cs. vendish, who have returned to Holkar Hall, near Milne thorpe, from Bolton Abbey, Yorkshire, will shortly leave , for a visit to the Earl of Carlisle in Dublin, and afterwards go to the family estates in Ireland. The Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch will leave town early next week for Drumlanrig Castle, N.B. The Duke and Duchess of Sutherland are receiv ing a succession of guests at Dunrobin Castle, in Suther landshire. The Marquis of Exeter is gradually improving ill health. The Marchioness of Ely arrived in town yeater• day from St. Leonard's-on-Sea. The Earl Russell yesterday left Meikleour Lodges the Count and Countess de Flahault's seat in Perthshire (where his lordship and family have resided • during their stay in Scotland), accompanied by the Countess and Ladies Russell and Viscount Amberley, for Edinburgh, on the waY to visit the Earl and Countess of Minto, at Minto House, Rozbarghshire. The Earl and Countess Fitz william and Ladies Fit zwilliam are visiting the family estates in Ireland. The Earl and Countess of Clare and Lady Louise' Dillon have arrived at the Queen's Hotel, Upper Norwood. Viscount Palmerston arrived at Cambridge House, Piccadilly, yesterday morning, and returned to Broadlands in the afternoon. The Earl and Countess of Chesterfield are stil l entertaining company at Gedling Lodge, their shooting-b° in Nottinghamshire. The latest company has included the Marquis and Marchioness of Bath, Lord and Lady Wharir cliffo, Mr. Leslie, M.P., &c. THE EARL OF EROWNLOW (lately come of age) has pnchased the Satellite yacht, and is about to proceed 0 1 her to Madeira. THE EARL AND COUNTESS OF DEVON, accoln . panied by their daughter, the Lady Agnes Courtenay, hay° returned from the Continent. Mr. and Lady Augusta Sturt have arrived at Thomas's Hotel, Berkeley-square, from visiting Lord and Lady Newport at Canwell, near Tamworth. The Right Hon. Sir Alexander Cockburn, the Lord Chief Justice of England, left town yesterday f° l. Brighton to recruit his health. Lord and Lady Kinnaird have left Farranee' 6 Hotel for Rossie Priory, Inchture, N.B. Sir Archibald and Lady Agnes Campbell have gone to their seat in Scotland, after visiting the Duke 0 4 Dichess of Northumberland at Alnwick CaEtle. DEPARTURE OF MR. MASON.--Mr. Mason, the envoy from the Southern States of America, left London last evening by the mail train for Paris. Mr. Macfarlan e remains for a few days to wind up some unimportant matters of a financial nature. Previous to the departure of II Mason, several members of the personnel quit ted London for the French capital. Atherton has resigned regret was toar offered thin th is o continued 111 We have reason to believe that Sir office of 2 - 2* s hip, vacant by the appointment of Baron. Wilde t° health. General. s r T .w h e in c i a a u m s cause, succeed the late Sir Cresswell Cresswell. But his state et Atherton w e health compelled him to relinquish all official work, and 11° has therefore deemed it his duty to resign th e Attorner: Generalship, to the regret of all those officially associated with him. Sir William Atherton is succeeded by S ir Roundel/ Palmer, the Solicitor-General. With the latter office the name of Mr. Collier has been more than onr ° mentioned by way of rumour, and in the present instance it is not improbable that the rumour may prove w ril founded. GILBERT WHITE'S ONE SERAION.—AII who 10 8 the memory of Gilbert White will be interested t 0 hear that the only sermon he left behind him —one, p er ,, haps, preached mo re th an once in his pretty Selborne—'' printed for the first time in the last number of the lotero o of Sacred Literature. It was written in 1748, when 01/1 Natural Historian w as on l y t wenty-eight years old, ov'4 preached, seemingly, fo r th e l as t t i me in 1792, only eig ht f : months before his death. Th e t ext i s 1 J ohn, iv. 20, " that says he loves God, but hateth his brother, is a liar' for ; if he loves not his brother whom he bath seen, how 011 he love God, whom he bath not seen ?" The sermon td communicated by the grand-nephew of the writer, the Itc /. F. Gilbert White, of Barngill House, W hitehaven. CLOSE OF THE NATIONAL GALLERY.—The Nam tional Gallery, Trafalgar-square, is closed for the aaral' l '" vacation, which is reouced this year from ex to five weeks, and will not be opened to the public until Monday, Novena' bar 2, when the days of a d m i ssion will be Mondays, Til e , days, Wednesdays, and Saturdays. Thursdays and Frids e i: are now to be set ap ar t f or students. During the ree some valuable paintings by the old masters will be added to the collection. TEMPLE CITURCII.—This church h av i ng bee 4 thoroughly repaired, will be re-opened for divine service ° II ' Sunday nest. PLAIN DEALING.--The Committee of the Phi l adelphia Common Council, charged with presenting' ti'° , ",- cities of New York and Boston with ;deer from .Log 3% square, received the following pass over the Camden t' l3 ., Amboy Railroad :—" Pass to New Yo r k th e d e er and tD el keepers. 11'n29 19rk World, A. ° tit°,trilat The Queen in Scotland. BALMORAL, Sept. 29. The Queen, accompanied by the Princess of Wales, Princess Louis of Hesse, and Prince Alfred, drove to Gairnshiel. Princess Helena, Princess Louise, and Prince Leopold, attended by Lady Churchill, Baroness Schenck, and Lieut.-Gen. the Hon. Charles Grey, drove to Mar Lodge, and honoured the Countess of Fife with a visit. Return of the Prince of Wales. His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales will leave Abergeldie for the south this day on a visit to his estate at Sandringham. It is probable that his royal highness may meet the Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Prussia at Edinburgh. Arrival of the Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Prussia. Their Royal Highnesses the Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Prussia arrived in London yes terday evening, on their way to Balmoral. Their royal highnesses, who are accompanied by their children and a numerous suite, left the Pots dam railway station on Monday evening at a quar ter past eight, and reached Cologne next morning, after a journey of exactly 12 hours. They were received by the city commandant, and after partaking of breakfast in a room at the railway station, their royal highnesses, attended by the ladies and gentlemen in waiting, visited the far famed cathedral. At half-past 10 the royal travellers left Cologne by the Rhenish Railway, on their way to Brussels. Their royal highnesses reached Brussels on Tues day evening, and yesterday morning embarked at Antwerp for Dover, where they arrived soon after three in the afternoon. The Crown Prince and Crown Princess were re ceived on landing by Count Bernstorff, the Prussian Ambassador at London, who had previously arrived from Brighton. After a short stay at Dover, their royal highnesses departed at a quarter past four by a special train on the Loudon, Chatham, and Dover Railway, and reached Victoria Station ht 6.20, hav ing thus performed the journey in five minutes over two hours. The Crown Prince and Crown Princess, with theirßoyal children, travelled in the state carriage belonging to the Brighton Company which had been lent to the London and Chatham Company for the occasion. At the Victoria station they were received by M. Frederic Katte, the First Secretary to the Prussian Embassy; and immediately afterwards a telegram was sent by Count Bernstorff to the King and Queen of Prussia at Baden-Baden, announcing the safe arrival of the royal travellers. Later in the evening their Royal Highnesses left town for Scotland by the Great Northern Railway. It is understood that the Crown Prince and Crown Princess will not return to Prussia for some line.