The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-18 00:00:00

OIR ROUNDELL PALMER, (LC• and M.P.- La Vie de Cesar par L. Napoleon—Fashionable Intell, Bence--in FUN this week. One Penny. IVW THE ATRE-11.0 Y AL, AD ELPIIL-- Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, THE IRISH TIGER. After which, at Eight o'clock, a new drama, entitled THE /JAUNTED MAN; OR, TUE GHOST'S BARGAIN, in which will be exhibited Professor Pepper's adaptation of the Great Spectral Itlusion. Messrs. J. L. Took, It. Philips, efton. C. J. Smith; Mrs. Alfred Mellon and Miss H. Simms. Followed by a new Burlesque, entitled ILL-TREATED IL TROVATORE. Alf ssrs. Toole, P. Bedford, R. Phillips, )thrtrne, C. J. Smith, Romer ; the Sisters Nelson, Carry and sara, and Miss K. Kelly. Commence at 7. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Manag•er, Mr. W. H. Swanborough. THIS EVENING, 111 FIRST CHAMPAGNE. Mr. Leigh _hurray. • Followed by (26th time) THE MOTTO, " P3I ALL THE ftE." Messrs. Honey, Turner, E. Danvers, Collier, Clifton ; 2Tesdames Ada Swanborough, F. Josephs, Maria /Simpson, Wallace, and Jenny White. To conclude with TURN 11131 OUT. Mr. Turner, Miss Thorne Commence at 7. 111 HE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN," Containinz the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, 'tan be had Every Evening of G. R. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. TFrts DAY.—Morning, 4h. 16m.—Afternoon, 4h. 30m. To-►iounow.-Morning, 4h. 50m.—Afternoon, sh. 2m. The Weather—Sun Office, Aug. 18, 1863, THERMOMETER. This momma This day at Two o'clock 7O Barometer-29.02. Wind—W. ; light, and cloudy. • Z-Tjt y ` k SAM 04-10, LONDON, TUESDAY, AUGUST 18, 1863, Every succeeding year the 15th of August re vives anew the enthusiasm of the French people, gratifies the Parisians with a brilliant holiday, and throughout the whole of the French dominions celebrates at once a festival of religious fervour and military glory. It is the fete day of NAPOLEON 111. because the birthday of NAPOLEON THE GREAT. Upon the 15th of August, 1769, when the regal BOURBONS, unconscious of their coming doom, held supreme sway in Paris, the infant son of a Corsican lawyer, first saw the light. And that Birthday, through after ages, when he himself had perished in exile, and his career had apparently proved a failure, is celebrated year after year by enthusiastic mil lions, with a fervour and excitement accorded to none besides. The intensity of the sentiment is partly due to the exuberant nature of the French people, partly to the glorious memory of that first NAPOLEON—a memory more deeply engraved upon the popular heart by the pathos of his great mis fortunes—and partly, we may feel assured, the brilliancy of the NAPOLEON fete is due to the present bearer of that momentous name, the actual possessor of that onerous inheritance. The posi tion of the EMPEROR, assuming such a name and standing in such a place, provoked a contrast that would have been dangerous to any ordinary man. That it has been otherwise to him, that he has been able to maintain an independent and personal dignity in the midst of the glorious souvenirs of the first Empire is a sufficient attestation of his individual ability. In the enthusiasm of Saturday last he must take his own share. We may feel assured that no remembrance of former prosperity would suffice to call forth a national festivity among a discontented or disappointed people. Public rejoicings are not made to order, and we may very safely regard the Parisian gaiety of Saturday like the recent loyal manifestations in Normandy, as an evidence that our Gallic allies are very well satisfied with their pre sent position—prosperous at home and powerful abroad. If we, enjoying privileges that are denied to them, are magnanimously anxious that they and all the world should be as well off as ourselves, we must content ourselves with a quiet aspiration that the good time may ultimately arrive. The present NAPOLEON has evidenced so much discretion in understanding his position, and so much discri mination in carrying out its requirements, that we are fain to hope he will himself be the first to recognise when the pear is ripe, and accord to his admiring people the liberal privileges which are as yet denied to them. We may feel assured tha when that day does arrive, as we confidently believe that it will, the fete NAPOLEON will lose none of its magnificence, but, if possible, its celebration will be more unanimous and more sincere. The English emigrant desirous of seeking a new home has plenty of places to choose from. North, south, east, or west he may go, where his own lan guage is spoken and his own countrymen have pre ceded him. The other side of the Atlantic appears, however, to possess especial attractions, as the large numbers who have even lately entered the motley population of the once United States bear witness. The vast extent and well known fertility of the country, the old familiar tongue, and the professedly free institutions all combine to induce the settler, who is perhaps saying good-bye to old England with considerable reluctance, to take up his abode in the American dominions. The same continent, however, offers great advantages in another part, and the intending emigrant would do wisely to pause and consider before he enrols himself among the discontented subjects of President LINCOLN. Re may find further north a territory which offers him the means of fortune without the tyranny and t aft tellY which would soon disgust him with life in New York or Washington. The recent discoveries Of gold in the Hudson's Bay territories will no doubt give a _ vunderful stimulus to the tide of emigration, and ash en fully su once the means of communication are plain oPEDltttie eclthere will no longer be room t o com has b een Scarcity of the population. It kt o wn for soma time that gold exi sted in its h av i ng been feuzd thes e t err i tor i es, b u t from near the Rock y me on the S as k a t c h ewan Ri ver waw a , -- had been wash e d do it was supposed that it w a l y iva b m those mountains, and would consequently to e nn . d in the beds of the rivers. Fortunately this have ouaecture proves to have been mistaken, and . It i s et :w ascertained to exist in more accessible distri found at Fort Ellice on the A • Gold Z lte la ha eZ l :t l r s e:M n s has been ssinib • branches of the Qu'Appelle River. unite and run into the Red River, and ove no eon _ nection with the range of the Rocky Mountains is evident that the gold is distributed rOugh utit the country, and the seeker will not have t o make hi s way across the great plains to roach the f a _ coated spot. Should this country prove to p ossess the universal wealth which some years since turn e d the attention of the world to its neighbour Cali fornia, it will rapidly rise in importance. Its vast extent will supply enough gold to enrich a hun dred generations, and when once the means of traffic and communication are fairly open a new northern nation will be added to the noble list of British Colonies. As yet, however, it is but in its infancy, and it is not likely to advance the faster from having been put in subjection to a company. Our previous experience has taught us to look with some suspicion on the government of companies. The East India Charter, spite of its list of "councilors and heroes whose names shall live for aye," left us no utizfactory legacy; the old Hadgon's Bay Com- .- - pany • was noted for blocking the pathway of civi lisati ,on. We do not say that the present body are desii 'ous of emulating the faults of their predeces sors, but we trust the Government will exercise a due amount of caution, and guard against being once more at the mercy of any body of men what ever.. It will be advisable at least to couple their char ter with conditions to reserve to the Imperial Gov E rnment the right of interference in questions affecting the welfare of the State. It is a piece of sing z liar good fortune which has befallen the com pany , and we trust that it will quicken their move men I s in providing ready means of access to the in teria rof their territories. English sway, instead of diminishing, is likely to extend in the North Ame rican I provinces, much to the mortification of our ;nant Yankee friends, and we hope the ground now occupied by the Hudson's Bay Company will befo re long become one of our recognised colonies, offering wealth to the poor, work to the industrious, and peace and plenty to all. When Sir H. BARKLY assumed the governorship of Victoria, he found much political disunion in that colony. After six years of debate, division, and dissolution, on his departure from Australia, he leaves the legislation of that colony in about as unsettled a state as he found it. This is in no wise to be laid to the account of S on the his contrary, he has donebeisrt H. B Ai reconcile, KL as far as possible, the cont o en pse d o ing d f in factions. every . Two interests were diametrically opposed point, except the one which both sides overlooked, their mutual necessity. The gold diggers, small farmers, and rapidly increasing immigrants dis-. pulsed the possession of vast tracts of available land with the squatters, who held their cattle runs and sheep walks at a nominal rental from the Govern. went. After many years of contention the of roXXot carried the day to a certain extent. Universal suffrage and vote by ballot were introduced as a check on the undue influence exercised by the squatters, and general rejoicings and predictions of vast results took place. A bill was passed in the House of Assembly legalising the opening up of Crown and waste lands to the public at a fixed value, something on the American system. But the universal suffrage proved a delusion, for with a migratory population, such as gold diggers, &c., the regulation which required a residence in one particular spot before the voter could exercise his privilege virtually rendered it nugatory. There is every chance of land questions being put aside, at least for a time, by the strange and obstinate conduct of Mr. DUFFY, the President of the Board of Land and Works, in causing the Government of Mr. O'SHANASSY to resign. It seems that in granting licences to squatters on a reduced scale, the value of the property of the applicant had to be examined into ; but as buying and selling always vary, the squatters and Mr. DUFFY'S agents could not agree on the assessments, and resort was had to appeals and arbitrations. These arbitrations were conducted by arbitrators appointed by the Government and by the squatters respectively, and were in number 689 appeals out of about 900 assessments. It was confidently as serted that Mr. DUFFY'S assessments were reckless and excessive, and that most of the appeals would be successful; and certainly Mr. DUFFY took no measures, by evidence or otherwise, to prevent them from being successful. Meanwhile Parliament sat on; slight skirmishing occasionally took place, as to the principles of the contemplated Amending Land Act. Some members of the assembly sug gested a return to the old auction system ; Mr. DurFY still clung to lot, to his act, and the uniform £1 an acre price for country lands. In due time, and at great cost to the country, the arbitrations on the appeals were despatched. A few days back the last lot of awards came in, and with very few exceptions were against the Government, involving a deficiency on this estimated head of revenue of at least £lBO,OOO. In most cases Mr. DUFFY'S assess ments were reduced by more than one-half, in many cases by more than two-thirds, and frequently to a fifth or a sixth of the official assessmen Upon this Mr. DUFFY, being highly offended, talked of a legerdemain on the part of the squatters which he could not understand, and boldly declared that he would not grant the leases or the land on such conditions. The result of this declaration was a division on the question, and the Government was defeated by a majority of 16—the numbers being 42 to 26. Of course, Mr. O'SHANASSY had to tender his resignation, which was accepted by Sir R. BARKLY. Mr. M'CuLLocu was sent for and accepted the responsibility of forming an Adminis tration. Who will compose it is at present uncer tain, but many gentlemen of talent and reputation are mentioned, and the change is looked upon with general satisfaction. That the squatters have stolen a march upon Mr. DUFFY is but too probable; yet a statesman should have some regard for at least a show of consistency and public character, and not re pudiate his own act the moment he has been hasty or imprudent. Australia has made much progress in the last ten years in developing her resources, and it behoves the Government of the various colo- vies to see that liberal legislation keeps pace with the progress of trade. Various plans have been suggested which may serve to keep our Volunteers in a state of efficiency. It has been generally felt that it would be nothing short of a national disgrace if that amateur army which came forward so gallantly as their country e defenders were to fall into decadence, and leave us at the sound of danger to seek in vain for our well trained rifle corps. Thanks to the general interest taken in the service, and to the genuine patriotic feeling of the men, the various regiments keep up 1 their numbers, although the first excitement has passed away, and the alarm which called them into existence has long since died out. The grand reviews and rifle matches, which are matters of national sightseeing, have contributed to animate the different companies with a spirit of emulation, and have proved the efficiency of their drill and their skill in handling the rifle to universal satis faction. The Volunteer is still looked on in some degree as a social lion. Balls, fetes, and dinners have testified to his fame, and complimentary speeches, expressions of approval from inspecting officers, and other recognitions of merit, have grown so common as to be almost taken for granted. All Is not so smooth, however, and an incident only notice able from the general efficiency of the Volunteer f orce may serve to convince critics that the praise u sually heaped on the Volunteers is not a mere mat ter °. f course. The events of Saturday present a somewhat singular contrast in Volunteer fortunes, though the results of the corps.ri did not so much depend on the inconsistency 00faththe blind lady as on the exertions acie at day the members of the Lon don Rifle B were displaying th competiti on at the rifle busy continuing the prize Plaistow Marshes, e k of the regiment at defeaunletthniaal skill which bids fair to make Englishraunlag from their ow n eminent. We may h ope it was en once more pre -8 of the 4th ceremony that called off the interesting City of London Rifles especial duty - wa nt of interest in their self-chosen profession, hr a ' Colonel 2,loznis, C. 8., deputy inspe c t or of Volun teers, had the annual inspection of this co r p s , th e , r at but we fear from the account, th at it was " Ancient Order of Foresters," bat the result of the inspection was most unsatisfactory. Scarcely more than a hundred of all ranks were assembled, their uniforms, as well as accou- trements, betrayed great discrepancies, and their want of drill and knowledge of their business could not be concealed by the most assiduous efforts of the sergeant. The consequence was that upon the conclusion of their very unsatisfactory manoeuvres, the inspecting officer administered to officers and men a most unqualified rebuke, telling them that he should fall short in his duty if he did not report to the War-office the very inefficient state of the corps. It is to be regretted that this corps, which took a creditable part in the display of last year, should have so far fallen off, but although the rebuke they received was probably a source of considerable mortification to them, we cannot lament that our inspecting officers should do their duty and not suffer the annual inspection to de generate into a mere form. The Government and the country must not be trifled with, and gentlemen who undertake such duties should feel that they are assuming a degree of responsibility, and not merely taking up a pastime for their leisure hours. HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY. VIE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 18, 1861 TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR,—Rich discoveries of gold have been made in British territory on this side of the Rocky Moun tains, said to be equal to those on the other side in British Columbia. Why, then, should not the Crown at once take the management of those lands and form a new colony ? The tenure of the Hud son's Bay Company expired a few years ago. The Canadian press, by the lase mail, are all up against the renewal of the monopoly or exclusive privileges, and giving, as stated by Mr. Fortescue, a cf)untry larger than half of Europe to an irrespon sible private company: Canada claims, as repre senting the old French settlers, all the lands to Lake Winnipez, and on the banks of the Red River, and will not permit her rights to be bartered away by any Colonial Secretary against her interests, and those of the Crown and public. The prospectus of the Hudson's Bay, Company and International Financial Society, sec. 2, claims as theirs the vast country between Canada and British Columbia, with fertile lands double the ex tent of France, and a territory larger than half of Europe. It behoves the British Government at once to put an end to such assumptions and declare that these territories shall be opened into colonies as intended by the ex-Colonial Secretary, Sir Ed ward Bulwer Lytton. The Colonial Office will soon find the opinion of the Canadian Parliament on this subject, through their Under-Secretary, in reply to Mr.Wyld, stated "that Canada did not complain." While all British subjects in British America should be placed on an equality by withdrawing or abolishing all monopolies and exclusive privi leges, everything should be done to forward railways, roads, canals, steam lines, and other works of improvement. The Government should invite tenders from capitalists by the grants cf alternate sections of land for railways and canals, giving sufficient publicity in the British and col°. nial papers, and thus the Hudson's Bay Company, or other capitalists, may have fair opportunities for expending their capital. By such means the Illinois Central, and other railways, have been made through the Western States, where there was little or no population. TRAVELLER. The Pope on the American Crisis. The New York papers received by the Africa publish a letter addressed by the Pope to Archbishop Hughes on the subject of the American difficulties. The New York Tablet, the Catholic organ, which publishes the commu nication in the original Ditin, states that it is the duplicate of a letter sent to the same prelate, under date of Oct. 18, 1862, but which never reached its destination : " To our 'Venerable Brother John, Archbishop of New York. " Venerable Brother, Health and Apostolic Benediction : ' Among the various and most oppressive cares which weigh on us in these turbulent and perilous times, we are greatly afflicted by the truly lamentable state in which the Christian people of the United States of America are placed by the destructive civil war broken out among them. For, vener able brother, we cannot but be overwhelmed with the deepest sorrow, while we recapitulate, with painful feelings, the slaughter, ruin, destruction, devastation, and the other in numerable and ever-to-be-deplored calamities by which the people themselves are most miserably harassed and dilace rated. Hence, we have not ceased to offer up, in the humi lity of our hearts, our most fervent prayers to God that He would deliver them from so many and so great evils. And we are fully assured that you, also, venerable brother, pray and implore, without ceasing, the Lord of Mercies to grant solid peace and prosperity to that country. But since we, by virtue of the office of our apostolic ministry, embrace, with the deepest sentiments of charity, all the nations of the Christian world, and, though unworthily, administer here on earth the vicegerent work of Him who is the author of peace and the lover of charity, we cannot refrain from incul. eating, again and again, on the minds of the people them selves, and their chief rulers, mutual charity and peace. Wherefore we write you this letter, in which we urge you, venerable brother, with all the force and earnestness of our mind, to exhort, with your eminent piety and epis copal zeal, your clergy and faithful to offer up their prayers, and also apply all your study and exertion, with the people and their chief rulers, to restore forthwith the desired tranquillity and peace by which the happiness of both the Christian and the civil republic is principally maintained. Wherefore, omit nothing you can undertake and accomplish by your wisdom, authority, and exertions, as far as is compatible with the nature of the holy ministry, to conciliate the minds of the combatants, pacify, recon cile, and bring back the desired tranquillity and peace by all those meaus that are moat conducive to the best inte rests of the people. Take every pains, besides, to cause the people and their chief rulers seriously to reflect on the grievous evils with which they are afflicted, and whi c h are the result of civil war, the direst, most destructive, and dismal of all the evils that could befall a people or nation, Neither omit to admonish and exhort the people and their supreme rulers, even iu our name, that with conciliated r a ce orw peace,e are and confidentlove e a c each totherhat theywit h mads uninterrupted tiley wouldcharity. mb e For tow o wouourld comply thewith m o o u r r paternal gl y a , d m a s o n o t t f i oand l v h e e s a r t h k e e y n plainly and clearly understand that we are influenced by no political reasons, no earthly considerations, but simply solelyand peace. by paternal And study, charity, w i t with your to exhort s urpas s t i h n e g m w t i o s d c o h m a itt y and o f p o e r r 'J in n a v d a e all tinout u h t a o t t t t r h u e e t p r r u o e sp re e l r i l s ty i 0 , n e v o e f n Christin th fiet, and s i s s a s l o u u ta g r h y t doctrines. 'We have no hesitation, venerable brother, but that, calling to your aid the services and assistance even of your associate bishops, you would abundantly satiety these our wishes, and by your wise and prudent efforts bring a matter of such moment to a happy termination. We wish you, moreover, to be informed, that we write in a similar manner this very day to our venerable brother, John Mary, Archbishop of New Orleans, that, counselling and conferring with you, ho would direct all his thoughts and care most earnestly to accomplish the same object. May God, rich in mercy, grant that these our most ardent desires be accomplished, and as soon as possible our heart may exult in the Lord over peace re stored to that people. In fine, it is most pleasing to us to avail ourselves of this opportunity to again testify the special esteem in which we hold you. Of which, also, re ceive a most assured pledge, the apostolic benediction, which, coming front the inmost recesses of our heart, we most lovingly bestow on you, venal able brother, and the flock committed to your charge. "Dated Rome, at St. Peter's, October 18, 1862, in the 17th year of our Pontificate. " POPE Pius IX." The inhabitants of the Red River districts are much dissatisfied with the rule of the Hudson's Bay Com pany ; their despotism being greater than in Russia. THE LATE LORD CLYDE.—Yesterday afternoon the remains of the late Field Marshal Lord Clyde were removed from Government-house, Chatham, where his lordship's death took place, to his town residence, in readiness for the public funeral, which takes place this week. The removal of the body was conducted in the moat private and unostentatious manner, without military dis play of any kind. On Saturday Viscount Sydney, the Lord Chamberlain, accompanied by Lord Alfred Paget, arrived at Chatham, for the purpose of making the preliminary arrangements connected with the removal of his lordship's remains to London. The hearse containing the body arrived at the Chatham station of the London, Chatham, and Dover Railway shortly before one o'clock yesterday afternoon. The coffin was placed in a first-class carriage, and the body c onve y e d t o L ou d on b y the 1. 18 p.n i . express train,6,B.rsoAu th e Eyre accomp an yi ng th e t ra in. In the utera4 g , Q usual parades w ere di s p ense d w i t h yesterday LATEST INTELLIGENCE. specie. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) AMERICA. (Per the City of New York.) NEW YORK, AUG. 7 (Morning). It is reported from New Orleans that a French steamer had arrived on the Bth, at Vera Crnz, with en English schooner in tow. The schooner was captured at Rio Graudo with a cargo of arms. She had cleared from Liverpool for Matamoras. NEW YORK, AUG. 8 (Morning). Gilmore's heavy batteries are expected to open fire from Morris Island on Fort Sumter in a few days. The steamer Ironsides is within 500 yards of Fort Sumter. General Meade's pickets extend two miles and a half beyond the south bank of the Rappahannock. The railroad bridge across the river at Rappahan nock station has been rebuilt. In consequence of guerillas, the 'snifflers' wag gons from Washington to General Meade's army are accompanied by armed escorts. News has been received from New Orleans to the 31st ult. The Union Association had passed a resolution opposing the organisation of a State Go vernment under the constitution in force prior to secession, and opposing any new constitution recog nising slavery. The New York, Herald says that the Association is formed principally of office seekers. Yazoo city has been stripped in consequence of the hostile attitude of the people. Quantities of merchandise and furniture and numbers of negroes have been carried away. No cotton has arrived at New Orleans since the fall of Port Hodson. It is simi-officially a nnounced that the article published lately in the Washington Republican, re presenting war with England as imminent, was not authorised by the Government, nor made up with any knowledge of its views. President Davis has issued an address to the Confederate army, in which he says—" After two years of warfare the enemy continues a struggle, in which our final tr i ump h mu st be inevitable. Unduly e l a t e d w i th recent success, h e i mag i nes th a t temporary re verses can que ll your s pi r it or shake your determi na ti on, and now gathers heavy masses together for a general invasion, vainly hoping that by desperate efforts success may be reached. You know 'what tha enemy means by success. His malignant rage aims at nothing less than the extermination of yourselves, your wives, and child ren, to d e stroy % what he cannot plunder, to pa r ti t i on our homes as the spoils of victory, on means,scieu s of to incite serv il e insurrection, and to de bauch an i n f erior race hither t o contented, by pro mising the ind u l gence o f t h e vilest passions as th e price of t reac h ery, to prevail by legitimate make peace l est they shoul d b e burled from power, the men now ru li ng in Was hi n gton refuse ev en t o confer on th e su bj ect of en di ng outrages disgr ac i ng and the notir inabilitybearing the age, or listen to any suggestion for conducting the war accordin g to civilised usages. No alterna tive is left you but victory or subjugation and the utter ruin of yourselves, your families, and your country; victory is within your grasp, you need but stretch forth your hands to grasp it. All that is necessary is that all should promptly repair to military duty, and I now grant a general pardon and a mnesty to all officers and men within the Confederacy who may be absent without leave and w h o shall, without delay, return , to their duty ; but no e xcuse will be received for any delay beyond twenty days after this pro clamation." President Davis finally conjures the Confederacy to use their in. all the women of fluence in aiding this call, and to take care that y none who owe dut in the field shall be sheltered at home. The Confederate Secretary of the Treasury has written a letter stating that, as the fall purchased is Mississippi and Vicksburg the of Port exposes to the enemy planters will probably lea ve t h eir Hudson and The military authorities plantations. when there is imminent d anger of will, ther e . Louisiana,G ov ern men many any c otton d e stroy all cotton they cannot p re . fore, he says, The cotton serve from the enemy wil l be de. s t ro y e d only the evening c apturing it. NEW YORK, AUG. The siege of Charleston was progressing on the 4th inst. Theßaltimore correspondent o f t h e New York Heraldd saystha t the middle o f A ugust General be reinfor ce d to number 150,000 men with 300 Lee's army wil l p ieces of artill ery ; and if by that time Meade h as not advanced, L ee will assume the offensive, and lexandr a by move from Frede r i c k s b urg direct on e b y wa y of B an k s ' Ford, Dumfries, and Ai ° or else by Way of Al anassas J unction, Centreville,c a nd Fairfax to H ar li ngton Heights. p a pers s t ate that General Meade The Richmond by 15,000 men from Grant's has been reinfo rced cclua n appealed (as will be seen army. above)Pre President o e a n b t absent officers has s a and soldiers to return im mediately to camp. . army is at Ent er p r i ze and Brandon, M General J o h nston has visited and in spected ijssihsns isPtt Johnston's : Mobile There is said to be muc h suffering among the people Middle Tennessee. ' lb ;isine Demo cra ti c S tate Convention has passed oe strong resolutions denouncing the course of the Lincoln Administration. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK, AUG. 7, EVENING. Money easy. Gold, 27 per cent. pm. Exchange on London, bankers' bills, 1391. Stocks depressed. New York Centrals, 129; Illinois, 1191; Erie, 1051 ; Five per Cent. United States Bonds, 104, Cotton, good inquiry. Middling upland, 67c. Flour dull. Wheat depressed. Corn tending downwards. Provisions dull. Coffee quiet. Sugar advancing. Molasses steady. Crude petroleum in good demand at 34 to 35. CONGRESS AT FRANKFORT. FRANKFORT-ON-MAINE, AUG. 18. At the banquet to the German Princes yesterday evening the Burgomaster of Frankfort proposed as a toast the Princes and Free Towns of Germany, The Emperor of Austria replied in the following terms " I take this opportunity of thanking the Senate and citizens, in the name of the Princes assembled, for the hospitable reception extended to us. I think we cannot display our gratitude to patriotically dis posed citizens in a more worthy manner than by testifying, as Princes, that we are all united iu hearty love to our common Fatherland. We are all further united iu best wishes for this memorable gut joyfqily drink , QUEENSTOWN, AUG. 18. The Inman steamer, City of New York, which arrived here this morning, brings 454,172 dols. in with me to Frankfort's welfare and prosperity. May Frankfort prosper !" FRANKFORT, AUG. The sitting of the Congress of German Princes commenced at 11 o'clock this morning under the presidency of the Emperor. His Majesty is said to have spoken at great length. The King of Bavaria will reply. There will be no sitting to morrow, on account of the Emperor's birthday. Time will, therefore, be afforded to the Sovereigns to examine the Austrian project with their Mini sters before deciding upon its merits. According to the Europa, Princ© Richard 'Metternich, Count Appony, and other Austri an diplomatists, have come to Frankfort to discuss European questions, notably the affairs of Poland and the German difference with Denmark. Lord Clarendon, Earl Granville, and the Duke of Cambridge have had interviews with the Em peror, and paid frequent visits to the different Princes and German Ministers. It is believed the Emperor will remain another week in Frankfort. COLLECTIVE INVITATION TO THE RING OF PRUSSIA. FR ANKFORT-ON -MAINE, AUG. 18. The statement that a collective invitation to attend the Congress will be addressed by the German Princes to the King of Prussia is confirmed. The King of Saxony will personally convey the invitation to his Majesty. RUSSIA. DISPOSITION OF TROOPS IN THE EVENT OF WAR. BERLIN, AUG. 18. Letters received from St. Petersburg state that the Invalids Busse says, in case of war being de clared, the Ist Division of Grenadiers with the Ist Brigade of Artillery would be placed under the orders of the commander of the troops stationed in Finland. The 10th Infantry Division and the 10th Brigade of Artillery would be at the disposal of the com. mandant of the 2d Reserve Corps. The 6th Cavalry Division and the 6th Brigade of Mounted Artillery would b 3 placed at the orders of the!commandant of the Ist Reserve. PRUSSIA. BRUSSELS, AUG. 17. Intelligence received here from Rimini states that the first instalment of a loan for the establish ment of better means of communicatio❑ throughout the republic of San Marino is about to be paid. The loan has been negotiated in Paris by the Chargé D'Affaires of the Republic with the bank ing house of J. Pic and Co. THE POLISH INSURRECTION. CRACOW, AUG. 18. An engagement has taken place in the Palatinate of Cracow. The Russians have burned two villages and massacred the inhabitants. - - THE CONFEDERATE PRIVATEER FLORIDA. QUEENSTOWN, AUG. 18. The Confederate privateer Florida was off Kin sale yesterday and boarded a pilot boat, to which she transferred three pafmengers,,who were landed here. It is supposed that the Florida is still off the coast. FRANCE. , . 18. • The Empero r h as arrived at Ch PARI aI S ons, AUG and has been very warmly received. BOURSE, Aug. 17.—The market has been more animated, and in the business done prices have improved. Threes, for the Account, are now at 67f. 55e. There has been but little done in Rail way Shares, but in general previous quotations have been well maintained. The market closed as follows : It per Cents .. 96 55 Italian Loan 72 50 Do. end month.... Do. end month 72 50 3 per Cents Do. end month.... 67 45 Do. end month 72 50 Credit Mobilier.... 1090 Russian Bank Shares 3380 Spanish Threes.... 53 Credit koneier 1265 Home Debt RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans Northern 990 .. 988 75 New ditto ...... Lyons and Mediterranean 1025 .. 1025 Geneva 492 50 .. Southern 7OO 5 0 .. Western ]astern Sardinian Austrian Lombard North of Spain Saragossa.. 686 25 .. 682 50 Ditto to Barcelona MEXICO. The Minister of War has received the following report from the commander-in•chief of the expedi tionary corps iu Mexico, giving explanations on several points already slightly touched on : " Mexico, June 25. " Monsieur le Marechal,—Your Excellency will find in the journal which you receive the particulars of the movements effected during the last fortnight, so that I shall here confine myself to speaking of certain questions which will make your Excellency acquainted with the general state of affairs. " I have organised at Mexico the municipal au- thorities and the provisional Government, in accord. ance with my instructions. A governing junta, composed of thirty-five members, has desigdated Gen. Almonte, the Archbishop of Mexico, and Gen. Salas, as members of the executive power. " I have called to the directi3n of affairs honour able men of moderate opiLions, belonging to the different parties, who appeared disposed to labour actively in the re-establishing of order in this coun try, so profoundly disorganised. These selections have met with general approval. "I havelssued a decree for the regulation of the press, in conformity with the legislation existing in France. " The governing junta has divided itself into sec tions for the administration of the different Minis terial departments. I preside over that of war, in order to constitute the Mexican army, but its re organisation can only be definitively accomplished after the establishment of a regular Government, and the pacification of the country. " Ever since my arrival in Mexico I have re ceived incessant complaints of the depredations and crimes committed by one Miami, who bears the title of general. This man has done nothing during his whole life but change from party to party, that he might always have opportunities for pillage. As it was necessary to put an end to such excesses, which alarmed the populations, I caused Buitron to be arrested at Mexico, while Colonel du Barail, with a small column, captured all his band at San Angelo. " Robbers, under the name of guerilleros infest all the roads, paralyse trade, stop public convey ances it the very gates of the town, plunder farm house; and spread terror throughout the country. I have outlawed all these brigands, and instituted tribunals composed of energetic officers to execute I justice on all those who may fall into our hands. " Before thinking of sending troops to is distance it was first indispensable to purge the environs of the capital of the bands which keep it in a state of blockade. On the other hand, Negrette, seconded by Aurellano, Carbajnl, &c., was organising con siderable forces at Flascala to operate in the State of Puebla and cut off our communications. The oeeupation of that place thus became indispensable. I have therefore taken measures to meet these re quirements. " A French column, under the orders of Colonel de la Cdnorgue, is marching on Flascala with k Mexican detachment commanded by Gmero. Ciattieuz, who will establish )ainwlf at Apo. Tilt troops of Gene ra l Vicario occupy Tlalpau and Tepeps. Some of the troops of General Marquez guard the embankments of Guanhtitlan and Z umpango. Colonel Aymara, of the 62d, is in position at Pachuca, General Mejia, who has great influence in Queretaro, is going to that town with a sufficient force. Another column will soon go to take possession of Toluca. Lastly, the cavalry is stationed in the environs of Mexico, where it can best find forage and assure tranquillity. " By these arrangements I assure security in a rather extensive zane round Mexico, and shall main tain my communications with Puebla uninterrupted. Nor have I at the same time neglected the occupa tion of the coast, "The question of the customs of Menatitlan is very serious, for their revenue is estimated at 30,000 piastres per month, half of which would be paid into the Treasury and the other half employed in paying the counter-guerilla as well as the persons employed in the customs and police. On the pro position of M. Natzner, administrator of the cus toms, I have authorised the creation of a new auxi liary force to be called the Menatitlan Counter- Guerilla. " General Juan Ortega has raised the province of Chiapa in our favour. General Marin, at Carmen, has organised an expedition against Tabasco. He has taken possession of several points of the coast, and will be able to afford aid to the INlenatitlan counter-guerilla. We shall soon hold the whole coast from Vera Cruz to Yucatan. "I am anxious to occupy Tampico by a French force, which General Mejia will support by the Indian corps under the orders of General Moreno, who is i❑ that neighbourhood. " The artillery have found in the works round Mexico 97 guns, most of them of large calibre ; 986,000 cartridges, 22,196 projectiles, 4,429 charges prepared for cannon, 12,300 kilogs of powder, 300,000 percussion caps, and rockets of various sizes. The artillery service will forward a detailed inventory to your Excellency. Among the guns found is the Pelerin, cast at Douai in 1744, and which will be taken back to France...-I am, &c., " FOREY." LITERATURE. Opposite Neighbours. A Novel, in 2 vols. Bentley. This work opens very attractively with two con trasting glimpses of the domestic life of the Win chesters and the Waylies, the Opposite Neighbours, who give its title to the book. Contrasted although the scenes revealed to us are in many respects, in both there is one sad similarity, The Waylies are in absolute penury, while the "Winchesters are in apparent prosperity, but both are in a different degree in reduced circumstances, and life is a struggle on both sides of the street. Poor Blanche Waylie looks out from her bare and comfortless apartment and sees, with a sigh of envy, Captain Winchester, well dressed, issue from the opposite house, quite unconscious that he too is in dire per plexity, and that "his coat buttoned over, and so well fitting, hid from view two or three long bills which he felt hopelees as to being able to pay !" Half of the world, as the saying is, being uncon scious of the troubles of the other half. The Winchesters and the Waylies are two very charming families. Blanche Waylie and Mary Winchester are two natural and delightful heroines, and the home groups, of which they are the centres, are in their several ways sin gularly attractive. As the story advances, how ever, the stage becomes inconveniently crowded. The Henleigh family monopolise our attention, but we cannot say that they divert our interest from our more pleasant companions of the first volume. Mr. Henleigh is odious and repulsive to a superla tive degree, and the history of his iniquities is most improbable. Tue whole episode regarding the mys terious Pose and her very mysterious father, and her yet more mysterious husband, had been far better omitted. The author, with a mistaken in tention of increasing the interest of the tale, has had recourse to these melodramatic " spiritings away" and startling reappearances, but quite unne cessarily. The real interest of the work consists in its charming domestic scenes. The attractive cha racters of the Opposite Neighbours individually will make them welcome guests with many readers, not withstanding the uninteresting companions that fol low in their train. Enshrined Hearts of TVarriors and Illustrious People. By Emily Sophia Hartshorne. One vol., pp. 452. Hardwicke. A meditation over this book is like a reverie in an old churchyard —soothing and edifying in its effects. For a time the busy hum of everyday life is silent—the insignificant cares and yet more in significant aspirations of our work-a-day liver, are forgotten, and for the time we spiritually repose in consecrated ground. A sentiment of this nature has evidently inspired the compiler of this interest ing work—a very monument of patience and per ,everance. In the few graceful remarks with which she introduces her labours she reminds us that " It is very good for us to go out of our own times and live :n the past; perhaps we all do so unconsciously, and without knowing it: The imaginative past may have caused us as many pleasant thoughts, as the realisation of our hopes has done when granted to us in the future." To the authoress this compilation of most curious and isolated facts has evidently been a labour of love— her heart has been in her work, and she has in con sequence done full justice to her subject, and pre sented us with a work that is at once a valuable relic of mediaeval antiquity, and a new curiosity of literature. A brief history of " The Sacred Enter prise"—the Crusades—is very appropriately pre fixed to these records of enshrined hearts, many of which once beat beneath the red cross or the scollop shell. The first of the enshrined hearts which is recorded in chronological order is that of Stephen, Earl of Brittany, who died in 1104, and whose heart is enshrined in the Abbey of St. Martin's at York, and the last heart mentioned is that of the late King William IV. of Prussia. About two hundred and fifty enshrined hearts are altogether enumerated in this volume. Many romantic tales and legends are very happily introduced in the course of these records, many new evidences of how much Truth is stranger than Fiction. It is a book that will be read with thoughtful interest by many, and turned to again and again with new pleasure. In the commects made by the authoress upon the enclosure of Napoleon's heart in a silver vase shortly after his death on the sth of May, 1821, at St. Helena, the writer observes that she knows not what has become of that silver vase with its precious enclosure. Is she not aware that it was interred with the body of the Great Emperor —being placed there (at the time of the first sepul ture under the willows) in the innermost coffin, be tween the legs, close to the little three-cornered hat ! That there it was found to be in 1840 at the time of the disinterment ! And that, consequently, the heart of Napoleon in that silver vase reposes now, together with the body of the tomb Gre uatEndee themperor and King, in his more than r e gal dome of the Invalides. Young Life ; its Chances and Changes. By the Author of "Hidden Links." Three vols. Skeet. Chances and Changes indeed besot the lives of the two heroines of this history, mother and daughter. The mother, the daughter of a clergy man, is, in the first chapter of the first volume, privately married to a young nobleman, who shortly afterwards disclaims the marriage, and publicly espouses a lady of title. The real wife, although "possessed of every proo f an d s i gn " to es t a bli s h her rights, with a quixotic self-sacrifice allows her place to be given to another, and dies in obscurity abroad, leaving a little daugnter to encounter perils and persecutions unnumbered. A very benevolent and charming old lady, Madame de Consterdine, wishes to adopt the orphan, but she is prevented from so doing by the evil genius of the tale, a cruel uncle, who is aware of the real parentage of the mother less girl, and who makes use of the secret to exer cise a pot en t i n fl uenc e over her noble father. From this glimpse it will be seen that the story possesses an extravagant interest. Tile unsuitable marriage into which the heroine is persuaded is singularly improbable and very repulsive. The third volume, aowever, brings a happier turn of affairs, An d t` all's well that ends well.' .s tn HER MAJESTY. The Queen in Germany. On the arrival at Cologne, on Friday evening, of the train conveying her Majesty, the princes and princesses, Earl Granville, and the suite in attend ance on the royal party, no halt was made, and the journey to Rosenau was continued. On reaching RAandseck, at eight o'clock, her Majesty and the members of the royal family alighted, and partook of dinner in a room at the station which had been specially prepared for the accommodation of the royal party. The journey was resumed at half-past nine, when the route taken was by way of Mayence, over the Hessian Ludwig's Railway to Darmstadt, and thence by way of Aschaffenburg. The English residents on the Lower Rhine in tended to assemble, and to offer a demonstration of loyalty to the Queen, but this idea was reluctantly abandoned, as it was ascertained that a desire had been expressed that nothing of the kind should take place. The Count of Flanders has arrived at Abergeldie on a visit to the Prince and Princess of Wales. The Prince and Princess 'William of Baden have returned to Claridge's Hotel, from Cowes, Isle of Wight. The Marquis of Londonderry continues in a very weak condition, and but faint hopes are now entertained of his ultimate restoration to health. The Earl of Coventry joined the circle visiting the Duke and Duchess of Richmond, at Gordon Castle, Fochabers, N. 8., on Wednesday last. Th© Earl and Countess of Chesterfield have left town, on a tour of visits in the north. The Earl de Grey and Ripon, as Secretary of State for War, has been on a tour of inspection of the for tifications in progress and in contemplation at the variou s points on the south-west and western coast ; also the Chan nel Islands. The noble earl R ill leave Plymouth to-day for the westward, and is not expected to return to town until after visiting Milford Haven. The Count and Countess Chrapowieky have left Claridge's Hotel for Tunbridge-wells. Viscountess Jocelyn and the Hon. Misses Jocelyn have arrived in town from St. Leonard's-on-Sea. Lord Bronghton left town yesterday for Tidworth Park to pees the autumn. THE EMPEROR, it is expected, will shortly visit Cherbourg. DEATH OF ADMIRAL 0. V. HARCOURT.—WO (Leeds Mercury) have the melancholy duty of chronicling the death of this estimable gentleman, which took place at the residence, Swinton Park, near Masham, on Friday last. He was a younger son of Dr. Edward Vernon, late Archbishop of York (who took the surname of Harcourt by royal sign manual, in January, 1831, on his coming to the estate of the late Earl Harcourt). The gallant admiral was born on the 26th of December, 1793, and was consequently in his 70th year. He has ever been a great benefactor to ihe church. He built, at his own expense, a very handsome church and parsonage, at Healey, near Masham, which he amply endowed ; also another church at Brent Tor, in Devonshire, the endowment of which he considerably augmented. He also restored at his own cost, in a most efficient manner, the parish church at Masham, besides contributing very largely to the funds for the restoration of several other churches, not only in this but in other counties. He contributed with princely muni ficence to the Riddell Memorial Mechauicss' Institute, in Masham, the Masham Grammar School, at Kelbank, near Masham, as well as to the funds of all the local charities. He was also a kind and liberal landlord, and as such his memory will ever be held dear to a numerous and devoted tenantry. MR. JOHN THOMAS'S Cantata for the 64 EiSted. vod," which is to take place at Swansea in the earliest days of September, bears the title of "Llewellyn." A PARODY of the "Dame aux Camelias " is now, says the _Reader, being performed at the Theatre Dejazet in Paris. It is entitled "Madame Camelia before Sebastopol," and represents the French soldiers before Sebastopol playing the younger Dumas's piece, then in vogue at Paris, without a book, and entirely ex teinpure. A corporal plays "Armand Duval," the father is a tam bour-major, and a full-grown vivandiere is the consumptive heroine. PRINCESS MATHILDE is still absent from Paris, and will remain away a month longer. MDLLE. TITIENS will make her debut before the end of the month at the French "Grand o,6ra" in the cha racter of Valentine in the " Huguenots." MR. VINCENT WALLACE has a new work ready for the coming winter season of Miss Pyne's opera com pany. THE EMPEROR'S short journey to Normandy is to be commemorated by a medal being struck. MRS. STIRLING, long absent from the London stage, will reappear very shortly at the Adelphi in a new comic drama. GENERAL FLEURY is to be made a General of Division and Master of the Hunt to the Emperor—the latter appointment having remained vacant ever since the death of Marshal St. Arnaud. " OLD ' CRITICS' NOT TO BE CAUGHT WITH CHIFF.—The Atheneum thus begins one of its last notices of a little book of—Poetry I—We are told that Zoilus was presented by Apollo with a sack of wheat that had not been winnowed, and tcld to pick out all the chaff in return for his very querulous and fault-•finding review. Nowadays, Apollo too often presents the Critic with a sack of chaff, through which we seek in vain for a single grain of wheat. THE PRECISE VALUE OF A LIFE !—A boatman at Worthing, a few days ago, was presented with the mag nificent sum of Gd. by a person whose life he had saved when attacked with cramp whilst bathing. THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON is said to have sent a Parisian engineer, M. Daux, to Tunis, in order to make some topographical researches, for the purpose of gaining certain knowledge relative to the life of Coasar. CRINOLINE, occasionally, makes some slight amends for the disasters it caused, At one of the Paris theatres, for example, last week, a stage trap-dour was left open, through which a favourite actress would have been precipitated had not the abundant size of her crinoline filled up the vacancy and suspended her fair frame between the world above and the realms below until assist ance came to her. A DISTINCTION WITH A DIFFERENCE !--Colonel Stirling declares that all the motley collection of donkey drivers, of many languages, collected at Alexandria, agree in calling Pompey's Pillar " Bumbay's Billows." THE NATUIU of EVIDENCE.—AII the facts with which we are acquainted, visible or invisible, internal or external, are connected together in a vast series of sequences which we call cause and effect, and the consti tution of things is such, that men are able to infer from one fact the existence, either past or future, of other facts. For instance, we infer from a footmark on soft ground that a foot has been impressed upon it. From the fact that a man is planting his foot on soft ground, we infer that if he com pletes that motion a footmark will appear. Any specspecif ic fact, or set of f ac t s , emp l oye d f or t h e purpose of inferring therefrom the exi s t ence o f an y o th er f ac t, i s said to be evidence of that fact. Suppose the question is whether John Smith is living or dead ; A says, " I knew John Smith, and I saw him die." B says, " I knew Jolla Smith. ral p ll. I r o s c h e o s r s t o y n f t w e r h w i c a h r d was s yard, Whhiserel funeral,saw h I e s a a r w d l i e ra w i a n s b d e e d a d ; , h a e n I d s a k w e d a v e f r y u n e i l a e t a t v en e d h ed is , h an ou d se wh an ic d h a coffin buried with his name on it." C says, " Z told me go ev ° t r o y the oR s e h s u a r i c a h that he heard from X that John Smith was dead." D says, "I had a dream that John Smith was dead." Each of these facts, if used for the purpose of supporting the in ference that John Smith was really dead, would be evidence of his death. The assertions of A. and B would, under or dinary circumstances, be convincing; that of C far from satisfactory, and that of D altogether idle, except to a very superstitious person. This would be usually expressed V saying that the assertions of A and B would be good evi dence, that of C weak evidence, and that of D no evidence at all of the fact of death. But this is not quite a correct way of speaking ; whether one fact is evidence of another depends on the way i n which it is used. If people usually believed in dreams, The assertion that a man had dreamt of John Smith's death would be evidence of his death. Whe ther or not it would be wise to allow it to be evidene3 of hie; death, would depend on the further question, whether in point of fact tha practice of inferring the truth of the dream from the Let of its occurrence, usually produced true be lief.--Stepheiis' General view on the Criminal Law of _England. The annual public sitting of the five Academies took place yesterday at the palace of the Institute , M. Paulin-Paris, President of the Academy of Inscription s and Belles-Lettres, in the chair. Near him were seated MM. Villemain, Guignot, Velpeau, Jouffrcy, and Naudet , delegates o f th e several academies. The sitting was opened by an address from the president, and the proclamation of the biennial prize of 20,000 fr. awarded to M. Oppert. A repo rt was afterwards read on the competition of 1863 for the prize founded by M. de Volnary. That of 1,200 fr. for work of comparative Philology was given to M. Adolphe Pictet, of Geneva. 113. llon read a paper onDi a Fall of Richard II.;" M. Couder one on 4, The Character of Art in G,neral ;" and General Morin one On the 1 . 1 11 7 provement in the dwelling-h ouses of the poor. " The sitting closed by M, Yieuutt reading 591135$ of his taDleot