The Sun. — London, England, 1863-09-14 00:00:00

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA, (From t he Special Correspondent of the Times.) NEW YORK, Sept. 1. Last week the praises of Admiral Dahlgren. and Gen. Gilm' Ire were in all men's mouths. The almost total destr action of Fort Sumter was held to be egni- valent to the capture of Charleston. The raising of the " stars and stripes" over the ruins of theFort— where eight and twenty months ago that haughty banner had received its first humiliation—and the triumphal entry of the Federal commanders into the doomed city, were held to be facts as clearly de ducible from foregone circumstances as that night would follow day. The Union Leaguers, the war Christians, and the Exterminators were loud in the expressions of their joy ; and to the quick imagina tions of the Northern people it seemed as if the war was entering upon its last half hour—that the grand finale was about to be performed amid a crash and thunder of great guns such as the world had never heard, and a magnificent display of red and blue light—the Greek fire being predominant in bril liancy of effect and destructiveness of execution. Mr. Lincoln was ready with a proclamation of am nesty—that, come what will, is never to be issued until vengeance is done upon Charleston ; and the contractors and speculators who have waxed fat upon a war expenditure, were to be kept in good humour by the prospect of a reconciled North and south, uniting their legions to chastise Great Bri tain and France for their insolence and want of sympathy. The journals of all shades of politics were busily engaged in proposing or opposing the conditions of reconstruction, and settling among themselves whether slavery was or was not to be tolerated in any portion of the regenerated Union. Int this week all is changed. Disappointment has succeeded to extravagant hope and anticipation Sumter is a heap of ruins, it is true—but upon that heap of ruins the Federals have not yet been able to hoist their flag. The Confederates hold the place tightly in their grasp. Admiral Dahlgren's or Gen. Gilmore's guns may shoot down the Confederate banner 10 times in a day ; but 10 times in a day it is raised again in its place, amid the delighted huzzas of the people of Charleston, who watch the spectacle from the windows. Fort "Wagner is neither taken nor destroyed. The mon ster guns that bombarded the city from a distance of five miles have all burst under the stress of the - work they had to perform. The Greek fire has ceased to rain upon the streets, either because the Federal officers were shamed out of the use of it by the re monstrances of Gen. Beauregard and the foreign Consuls ; or because—which is more likely—the supply of the " villanous compound" is exhausted. And Charleston itself is as strongly guarded, and as difficult of capture, as it was before a gun had been fired at Sumter. Even if Sumter were taken, and Northern pride, not to say vindictiveness, gratified by the display of the old flag on its ruins, nothing would be aocomplished towards the possession of Charleston, the great object on which the Northern people have set their hearts. Sumter seems to be but one of a score of obstructions equally formid• able—and each to be as obstinately contested, before Charleston itself can be considered in real danger. Last week four hours were to make an end of the rebellious city and to crush the spirit of the South. This week the public is told that perhaps three or four month s may elapse bef ore these great ends are achieved, and we are in the meantime advised to moderate their impatience, or give it vent, as they usually do when they are dis appointed in abuse of old Mr. Welles, the Secretary of the Navy, and; of obstinate Mr. Stanton, the in tensely unpopular Secretary at War, for having combined to deprive Dahlgren of guns and Gilmore of men sufficient for the task they had undertaken. Under the circumstances Mr. Lincoln has decked up his original proclamation of amnesty in his writing. desk, and prepared a diftbrent document, in which Mr. Seward has not bc' allowed to insert even a word, which is to be read the day after to-morrow to the Republican conventions that meet at Syra cuse in the State of New York, and Springfield in Illinois. Both of the great parties are to hold their eonven . lions within, the next few days, the real though not the ostensible objects being to " roll logs" for the Presidential campaign that 'will speedily convulse the Northern States. The Republicans, desirous of a new designation, have fixed upon that of 4 " Unionists ;" but as the Democrats claim to have a greater right to that title, inasmuch as they would necept "union" even with guarantees to slavery, toe Republicans object to union with slaveholders on any terms, suggest that instead of Unionists the party iu power adopting Mr. Theodore Tilton's and Wendall Philipp's ideas on the subject of a mixture of the Aoglo-Saxou and Negro races should call themselves " Amalgamationists.'"f he Demo crats on their part have no wish to change either their name or their principles, and will, during the remainder of Mr. Lincoln's term of office, organize themselves into a strong and compact phalanx, and make one last and desperate effort to save their coun try from the military despotism into which it is rapidly drifting under Mr. Lincoln's guidance. Cer tain it is,if they fail this time by their own dissensions or by any species of mismanagement,and allow either the re-election of Mr. Lincoln or the election of Mr. Chase, there will be an end, not only of the De mocrats as a party, but of the Democratic form of Government which the people have inherited from the immortal signers of the Declaration of ludepen dence. The Republican ;party is not only in the minority in New York, New Jersey, and Pennsyl vania, but generally throughout the middle and north-woatern States. It will continue to lose sup port in, proportion as the war languishes or the South achieves victories. The Democrats, on the contrary, gain in strength by the protraction of avar--whether that protraction be due to the incom petency or ill-fortune of the Federal generals and administration—or to the valour, the perseverance, teed unflinching determination of the South. Every act of the Government tends to swell the Demo cratic army. The policy of emancipation, the inva sion of State rights, the harsh conscription, the ar bitrary arrests, the military insolence, the rise in Price of all the necessaries of life, and the conse `l4ently increased cost of maintenance to the work ing o and struggling classe s , an d, l as t o f a ll, th e n ew garden ell of Federal tax a t ion , w h ic h b egins t o b e f e lt befoeaasands of middl e - c l ass f am ili es th a t neve r bine jjperienced the unwelcome sensation, all com party th a tilta w into the ranks of the Democratic camstaneeesolintless waverers who, under other dir ties, . we ' ll taight have held aloof from party poll -hitherto con e s : tt :ast numbers of reflective men, have awaken e d t: with the Republicans, but who licanism is but the sad conv i ct i on t h a t Repub a strong Government 4° ther name for ceatralisation and strong Government aeleatta that centralisation and but other n a m es f or despot ism. At the pres ent t • bone the only republican can didates for the Preadency vh anti ; have the ghost of a c hance are Mr. Lincol n Democratic side Genera Chase; and on the Seymour. All four may posMb, lellan and Governor 7 disappear f r o th arena in the progress of events, %nal perha s m ll e Buell can didates of the extremists et , o _ I ) a ow en Fremont on the one hand and Gen. Butler on th • e other but indications Mr, ~ according to present eh iuse is the Republican and GGen.M • iClellan the t, "loeratie however. favourite. Mr. Chase must beware,. • Cheat diminish as tb as his chances are, they will pre miumf on gold increases—asct of which he is sa i d to be painfully cognisant, a n d of which on all ()ma. lions, and in every emergency he does his utmost to prevent the realisation. Mr. Seward, accompanied by IMB t of tho foreign Ministers, has been making a tour of the lakes of Western New York, and after visiting the Falls of Niagara has crossed over into Canada-3 country where no ringing of a bell on hi s r ight hand o r his left can consign a real or supposed opponent either to Fort Lafayette or the cell of a police-office, as he boasted to Lord Lyons that it could in Washington. He has visited among other places the " ambitious little city" of Hamilton; and if he has associated with any Englishman, Scotchman, or other colonist, has perhaps discovered that the conquest of Canada, if attempted by his Government, will be almost, if not quite, as tough a job as the subjugation of the South. On this subject it iscurious to note the igno• ranee or malice of the American press. The Demo cratic, equally with the Republican journals, affect -~. .. _ to believe that the Canadas are a hotbed of disaffec tion, that Great Britain retains them by the strong arm of military power, and would resist to the last any attempt on the part of the Canadians to achieve their independence, or to vote themselves into the American Union. Understanding nothing of the facts, they express incredulity when told that the Government and people of England are in per fect accord upon the subject of Canada; that if Canada wishes her independence she has only to say so by the votes of her people, and Great Bri tain will let her go without firing a shot or forming any other wish or thought than a simple "God bless you; go on and prosper !" Bat that if the Canadians, on the contrary, desire to retain their connection with the mother country, and will only give their desire the practicable shape of self-defence against Federal or other aggression, the Govern ment and people of Great Britainwill aid them with their last soldier and their last shilling. The Ame ricans, engaged in coercing the South, cannot ima gine that the English would not coerce Canada, and are continually talking of the damage they will do to Great Britain in that quarter at the first breath of war, and urging upon the Canadians to accept their inevitable destiny of annexation. Even the World—so well-informed and sensible on the politics of its own country—shares the errors of all Americans on this subjeet, and recommends the Canadians to apply for immediate admission into the Federation for the following singular reasons : First, " It would insure them exemption for ever from all the horrors of war." As the United States are not themselves free at this moment from the hor rors of one of the most horrible wars that ever de solated a country, and may have before ma c ny ah m s o d n ia t h li s s to snperadd foreign to domestic strife, the position that has so little to r may well be excused for turning ec a om de m af ehd earittooanptrhoe score presented. expenses the mother cou 4. Second, "It would sahvterythis trying em th e to enormousim pose upon them in the way of sortifications." Such canny Canadians as do not laugh at this will ask themselves whether in saving ss. on this item they might not have as a consequence to incur the expenditure of twenty in another, and less pleasant and secure direction, and debate the matter accordingly. 'third, 4‘ It would give them the b oon o f a b solute free trade with the States." As it is as much the interest of the Americans to offer as of the Cana dians to accept free trade, it is just possible the sensible Canadians will think it better to wait for the natural growth and development of commercial intercourse than to b arga i n away their indepen dente for a benefit which needs no such sacrifice to secure it hereafter. Fourth, "It would give them the benefit of Yankee energy and capital, t o d eve l op° their resources. " As it will employ more energy and capital than the Yankee possesses to develope within the next 12 years the resources of such states as Wisconsin, lowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska, and the Far West, more than two-thirds of the superficies of 'which are in the original condition of wilderness, the Canadians may think it possible that the Yan kees would do well to look at home before they look abroad, and may calculate, moreover, that the " re sources" so highly vaunted have been so seriously diminished by the waste of upwards of two years incurred in one of the most extravagant wars ever known, as to leave but little surplus for the existing generation, even if the war were brought to a close to-morrow. As, however, the war may last for two, four, ten, or even 20 years, the Canadians may incline to think that their particularly kind friends to the south of the lakes may need all their energy and all their cash for themselves. What Canada re quires is men. And as the men of the old world have hitherto emigrated into the States, because there was no enforced military service, no public debt, no taxation except for local purposes, and that ex ceedingly light ; and, better than all, because the public liberty was thought to be so well secured as to be beyond the reach of time and revolution to destroy ; they may, perhaps, think it better to look for these advantages in British territories, as it is no longer possible to find them under the protection of the stars and stripes. The emigration within the next three years of half a million of stalwart English men, Scotchmen, Irishmen, and Germans, would do far more to develope the resources of Canada than all the energy and capital that the Yankees are likely to have to spare until a dozen years after they shall have been at peace with ono another. Fifth. and last, "It would give them a share in the destiny of this great nation." If this be not in tended as a grim joke it is tho reason least of all likely to recommend itself to the Canadians. A destiny that includes enormous debt, cruel conscrip tion, and a series of civil wars and social convulsions, only to be ended by the establishment of a military despotism, is not a destiny to bo envied, or which any one out of Bedlam would desire to share. The destinies of the Canadians are to be shaped by themselves. If they really desire annexation, they eau have it. But if they value liberty, under the protecting eyes of Great Britain, sufficiently to fight for it, Great Britain will stand by them with all her wealth, all her power, and all her tenacity of purpose. This is the strength of the case as regards Great Britain, but it is one which the Americans cannot understand, much less appreciate. The Government is using the most vigorous efforts in every direction to prevent the election of Mr. Vallandigham. By a recently enacted law of the State of Ohio, soldiers absent in the field are to be allowed to vote in their camps; and it is calculated that the whole number, under the guidance of their officers, and the dictation of the War Depart ment, will cast their votes for Mr. John Brough, a railway contracter, who opposes Mr. Vallandigham on the Republican anti-peace and anti-liberty ticleet. As, however, Ohio has not furnished more than 40,000 troops to the Federal armies, Mr. Val landigham's friends are of opinion that their cause is sufficiently strong to bear the weight of even that large number in the opposing scale, and to re turn Mr. Vallandigham by a clear majority of up wards of 50,000 votes. As the unpopularity of the conscription was as great, or even greater, in Ohio than in New York, and was serving the purpose of increasing the number of Mr. Vallandigham's sup porters, the Government has just caused it to be announced that " there will be no draught in Ohio." This piece of strategy, however, has already been diverted to Mr Vallandigham's use from that of the Administration, and become a weapon in the hands of his friends, to denounce the Government for its want of courage on the one hand, to enforce a law merely because it was unpopular, and for its un fairness on the other, in subjecting New York and other States to a hardship from which, ex proprio motu, it chose to relieve Ohio. Mr. Vallandigham's arrival at the little town of Windsor on Canadian soil was no sooner known at Detroit, on the oppo site side of the river that separates the Federal from the British territory, than a committee of his fel low-countrymen waited upon him to express their sympathy in his unmerited exile, and their determi nation to spare no exertions to carry him back in triumph as the Governor elect of the native State. Mr. Vallandigham, in his reply, dwelt upon the strangeness of the spectacle he offered to his countrymen—an American citizen exiled for no crime known to the laws, and compelled to seek the protection of the British flag in order to be able to utter the free sentiments which it was the States i nalienable ri g ht o f every A mer i can to enterta i n and_ to prom u l ga t e . H e d ec l ared that the ballot was the t rue and prop er remedy in the Uuited for all a ballot w political wrongs, but that when th e hostile as agedeniedne by m ili tary power, or any other —a right ' w hich I n der s uc h c i rcumstances would he a sacred duty. Mr. , Vallandigham's election will test. the coura ge , i f it do not test th e s t reng th, o f the Government i n the N es t ; and if t h e attempt be not made to defeat him— per fax ant nefas—by theext incitement of riot, as a p ret . for the d ec l ara ti on o f martial law, and by every other means which the and power can ad o p t against an opponent so d one whose success would be such a bpataerd, nty con d ema tion of their acts and polie: y --it w i ll be for want of courage', not for want of will. _ The friends of Dr. Childs, the author of the pla card addressed to the " Sons of Liberty," have sue_ ceeded in rescuing his case from the hands of tho miiitdry tu.a tuubfariDg it to tho civil power: The r police handed him to the Provost-Marshal to avoid the penalties of disobeying a legally issued writ of habeas corpus ; the Provost-Marshal sent him to Fort Lafayette for the same purpose ; and General Canby, foreseeing difficulty in the matter, got rid of his inconvenient prisoner by sending him to the " Tombs," the Old Bailey of New York. The head jailer or superintendent of that establishment having been served with the writ of habeas corpus, produced the body of the over-ardent friend of every man's right to refuse to be a soldier; and he was ultimately ordered to find bail in the sum of 1,000 dols. to answer the charge of treasonable resistance to the Conscription Act. It now remains to be seen what decision a jury will pronounce upon the case. THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 14, 1863. miscreants who are ever found ready on such occasions to profit by the misfortunes of their fellow creatures, if the efforts of the authorities, seconded by those of the police and the troops, were of little avail in arresting the progress of the conflagration, it is but just to say that from the com mencement it attained such an ascendancy as all human efforts seemed impotent to resist." BANKRUPTCY RETURNS. An order has been published defining the returns of "all matters, judicial and financial, within the Bankruptcy Act, 1861," to be made by the officers of the Courts of Bankruptcy to the Lord Chancellor. The registrar is to make a return annually for the year ending on October 11, of the number of adjudications of bankruptCy, stating whe ther they are on petition of a creditor, on petition of the debtor, by registrars at the prisons, on petitions in forma pauperis, or on judgment debtor summonses. He is also to state the number of adjudications where the debts of the bankrupt exceed £3OO, and the number of dis charges granted, suspended, and refused. The official assignees are to make returns of the total amount of gross produce realised from the several bankrupts' estates; the amount realised by creditors' assignees, the amount realised by o ffi c i a l ass i gnees, the number of cases in which a dividend was made, the number of cases in which there was no dividend, and the number of cases in which the dividend was under 2s 6d, 2s Gd and under ss, 5s and under 7s Gd, 7s Gd and under 10s, 108 and 158, and 15s and under 20s. The registrar of trust deeds is to make returns of the total number of trust deeds registered, and of deeds of assignment, deeds of composition, and deeds of inspector ship executed. The taxing master is to make returns of the number of bills taxed, the total gross amount, the amount of solicitors', messengers', assignees', auctioneers', and accountants' bills, and the amount struck off on taxa tion. The Registrar of Appeals is to make returns of the number of appeals, and of cases in which judgments were confirmed, reversed, varied, pending, abandoned, or ar ranged ; the number of appeals under trust deeds and of cases in which judgments were affirmed, reversed, varied, pending, abandoned, or arranged ; and the number of appeals from county courts, and of cases in;which judg ments were affirmed, reversed, varied, pending, abandoned, or arranged. The messengers are to give an account of all fees received by the messengers in the London court and in the district courts in the country, in respect of any thing done or duty discharged under any bank ruptcy; an account of all sums of money received by way of deposits from, or on account of, any bankrupt in trust for his estates, and an account of payments actually disbursed and for assistance, including the salaries of the messengers and their clerks. Specimens of the forms in which the returns are to be made are given in the general order which was just before the close of the session ordered by the House of Commons to be printed. THE GREAT FIRE AT MONASTIR. We take the following letter from the Levan, Ilerald MONASTM, Aug. 19. " The telegraph will already have informed you of the dis astrous fire which broke out on Friday afternoon last, the 14th inst, and which has laid waste a great portion of this town, including the whole of its bazaar. I now give you the par ticulars of this calamity. The town of Monastir is in• tersected in its length by the wide bed of a stream called the Drahor, This stream was before the fire spanned by nine wooden bridges, five of these being enclosed by shops; the bazaar extended along each bank from the fourth to the eighth bridge. At about half an hour before sunset on the above day, alarm-guns from the town battery gave warning of a fire which had broken out in a small tavern near the fourth bridge, through the accidental ignition of some spirits. The flames spread rapidly, and before sunset the shops on the bridge and the adjoining houses were all in a blaze, The civil governor and the chief military au thorities were soon on the spot, attended respectively by bodies of zaptiehs and soldiers, who were provided with fire engines, grapling irons, and axes. Efforts were made to prevent the fire from reaching the other side of the Drahor, but in vain. The troops were not as active as they might have been in pulling down houses next the source of the tiro. Water, moreover, was extremely scarce, owing to the unusual drought, which has dried up both the bed of the stream and most of the wells. In less than an hour two bridges, with all their shops, were entirely de stroyed, the flames spreading with frightful rapidity along both sides of the Drahor, sweeping the whole area of the bazaar and the Jewish quarter on the left bank, and ex tending towards the Christian quarter on the right; while the bridges, crowded with wooden shops, acted like the running matches of fireworks between the opposite sides. The principal Government cffices, Situate on the left bank, were for some time in imminent danger, namely, the army offices and town barracks, the residences of the military and civil governors, and the Telegraph office, the buildings im mediately contiguous to which were reduced to ashes. A little before 2 o'clock, Turkish time, while the fire was yet unchecked, flames were observed to issue from several blocks of buildings distant from it, like jets of gas, from the wooden gallery and apex of the city clock tower, a handsome atone structure about 150 feet high, and the fire meanwhile forcing its way through it from below the tower blazed like a gagantio torch for an hour afterwards. Up to this time the air had been calm; but now a breeze sprung up, and while increasing the jury of the flames caused them to spread late rally. On the right bank they approached to within a few yards of the Greek archbishop's residence, which was saved with the utmost difficulty, the leaves having caught fire three times, while some of its outhouses were burnt down. Had this building been consumed it would hardly have been possible to save another large quarter of the town where the English, Russian, and Greek Consulates are situated. For the meanwhile, however, the fire was rushing along with redoubled fury in a direction at right angles with the Drahor, and parallel to what may be called the main street, where the establishment of the French Lazarists and the Austrian Consulate are situated. Its progress in this quarter was assisted by the wind, which veered round several times in the course of the night and caused the fire to strike out in new directions, sometimes travelling back in a line parallel to its previous course. It was owing to one of these changes that the mansions of MM. Pappa Dimitri, Economo, and Nitziota (some of the principal Christian merchants here), which bad been spared almost by a miracle during the earlier part of this disastrous night, were reduced to ashes towards the morning, many hours after their apparent rescue. After it had skirted the Lazarists' establishment and the Menzil-hone, the insatiable ele ment, passing beyond, devoured all on its way until it reached the mansions of M. Meimonka, another of the chief Christians and of M. Mesrahi, one of the chief Jewish merchants. These fell before it at about 10 o'clock, Turkish time, and were among its last victims. It was only when the sun rose upon the scene of devastation, and after the fire had raged without intermission for upwards of 11 hours, that the fury of the flames became spent. " In the meanwhile, on the left bank and along the valley of the Dreher, the destruction had been yet more exten sive ; in the latter direction it found its limits only at the last bridge, where the town may be said to terminate. The fire had swept round the two principal mosques, which had only escaped owing to their spacious courts; further down it had consumed three other large mosques. A great amount of property, which had been deposited in the last by persons who trusted they would prove equally fireproof, was thus sacrificed. More sad than all, I have to record the loss of several lives. Four Turkish soldiers fell victims to their daring attempts to rescue property from burning houses in the Jewish quarter. The charred remains of a Jewish child, five years old, have been dug out of the ruins; a young Jewess is also missing. The following statement, which has been gathered from the most authentic sources, may serve to give an idea of the property destroyed : —2,300 shops, 240 houses (of which 198 Jewish, 37 Chris tian, and seven Turkish), 46 khans, three mosques, six synagogues, two baths, two military guard-houses, five bridges, and the clock-tower. No estimate has yet been made of the value of the property destroyed ; but it certainly ex ceeds half a million sterling. As proprietors of shops and khans, Turks, Christians, and Jews have all sustained heavy losses. The occurrence at this period of the neighbouring fair of Perlep4 has been a lucky circumstance, most of the merchants having carried away their goods thither for sale previous to tho calamity. Among the chief sufferers are Vedjihi Effendi, a rich Turkish proprietor, to the extent it is said, of a million of piastres. With respect to houses it will be seen that the Jews have suffered most exten sively ; and as a number of families (sometimes as many as 15) were crowded into each house, no less than 600 Jewish families have been rendered homeless by this calamity. Of this number 200 were so poor as to have been at all times dependent uponateharity,n theordi podttehmeyorawry loss own the houses ofhouses they lived so that, excepting in; shelter, o t they y r h a e r r e e m n o a t i n m d e uc r muchworse familieso t ha are n m t h o e r y e w t e o r e b b e e p f Le e d t es sincere e r t o h e b y e have e b d e e n thatred u s e u e b d s e tc; i p a t l i i e k n e s s t ‘ a v t i l e l o h t . e d ersat raised u e d t i o inn. ever I t i 3 s , possible quarter in aid of the sufferers. Meanwhile the Government authorities and private contributions have kept these poor people from starvation, although all that can be done in this respect is to issue a 200 drain loaf (costing 20 pares) a day to each of them. In this way 2,000 loaves are distributed daily. The mudir of Perlepe, Tahsin Effendi, also very considerately sent a liberal donation of bread immediately upon learning the calamity. Many of the poorest fatniles have been accommodated with tents pro vided by the military departments ; others have been taken into private houses; and many Turkish houses are being rented for the better class of sufferers. "The authorities have been engaged in restoring property, much of which was saved from the flames through their exertions ; the police also have succeeded in recovering nu merous atticles of value which hack Deo). pillaged 1)) , the Acclimatisation Society of Great Britain. A special meeting of the Council was held at the office, 3, Duke-street, Adelphi, on Wednesday last, at 3 o'clock. Present—Messrs. W. Hawkins, J. Stone, F. Francis, J. Bush, J. Crockford, F. Buckland, and James Lowe. Mr. Hawkins presided. The minutes of the previous meeting having been read and confirmed, Mr. Francis read the follosVing memoran dum : Memorandum of Propositions, &c,, with respect to the Pis cicultural Establishment. Having already made a definite proposition to the society in writing in respect to the above, and been asked to set down the probable cost and its results, I proceed to do so. The cost of the shed, cistern, apparatus, &c., will be, I estimate, about £lOO. There will be also about LlO required for nets, &c., for the purpose of taken fish. The rate for water will be £lO a year. An attendant will he required. In the first instance, I would propose to engage the man only for four months, if I can obtain him upon such terms, leaving it optional with the society whether at the end of that time they think their prospects fair enough to continue him on. I would propose that his wages be 255. a week. The chief difficulty which I have is in estimating what the travelling expenses of the man will amount to when ho is out collecting ova. Besides his own expenses there are keepers and assistants to fee and feed. If I had merely a certain amount of trout, or of trout and grayling ova to obtain, I could, from the experience of others, give some approximation to the sum required, because I know exactly how far off the men would have to go, and there is compa ratively little difficulty in obtaining the ova—the fish being more plentiful, and the streams they are found in smaller and easier to net; but with the salmon ova the task is much more difficult. We might be able to get some in Wales, but, should heavy floods occur there, we might have to send to Scotland, or even Ireland. With good fortune and a good season we might get what we require perhaps for £7O or BO ; with a bad one, it might cost double the sum. Having no data to go u p on , I do not see how I can give a nearer result. I can on ly sa y that whatever funds arc en trusted to my care will be dispensed with a due regard to economy, and that if the society have any doubt of this, it would be better that they should decline my offer. I offer them my terms, I offer theta a site, and I offer them a con siderable and valuable connection ; and if upon this they consent to accept my offer, they must be content to trust me to a certain extent. They should remember that my reputation is even more concerned in the success of the scheme than theirs. lam induced to make these remarks because one of the members at the last council asked what control the society was to have in this matter. In the first place I would point out that the society hold the purse, and therefore have the strongest possible control in that way ; and they have, I suppose, the power of severing our con nection at any time if it seems desirable to them to do so. I would advise, however, that in order that they may be kept au fait to what is going on, Mr. Buckland be made a visiting inspector of the branch, and be requested to re port monthly to the council what progress is made in it. I should, however, wish it to be most clearly understood that I would object to any interference with any internal ar rangement which I might make for the carrying out of the operations. As a set-off to the above expenses I may state that I have some 4G promises of subscriptions, 43 of which are reliable names which may be safely counted upon ; the other three I cannot speak so confidently upon, although they have promised me their support, and I have little doubt when I can see them I shall obtain it. Amongst these subscriptions are three life members at £lO 10s, and ono donation of £5 ss, in addition to subscriptions. Thus the first year's receipts, as far as we have them down as yet, will stand : Three life members and one donation £36 15 0 Forty annual subscriptions Added to this, L or d £7B 15 0 his subscription. AVa!Bingham has promised to increase This is the result of one month's canvassing amongst my own friends and acquaintance. The public has as yet hardly been touched, and this during the month from mid-August to mid-September, when almost everybody interested in this subject is away shooting, strikes me as a very satisfactory result. I make no doubt but when the subject begins to be stirred and talked of, the list will be at least doubled. The above money will almost meet the first outlay for plant, &e. The annual subscriptions, however, will, it must be remembered, remain after the first year to help to meet the current expenses, Th e pr i ces at w hi c h the ova will be sold to the subscribers will b e set upon a s liding scale, so as to cover all expenses, w h atever they ma y be, that the society may incur. For examp l e, l ct us su ppose that we obtain 100,000 ova (which i s a very sma ll qua ntity be it observed), we calculate th e en ti re expensea o f the establish men t and sell ova so as to leave 25 or 30 per cent. profit. The value of such ova in the market would be about £5 or £6 a thou sand; fry was worth £lO a:thousan d . Now at £2 per thou sand the ova would realise £ 200 ; at £2 10s, £250; at £3, £3OO, and so on; and anything under £3 would bo very rea might ion which I hero re peat. o a n v a n b i l n e . i :V a i t q h ue s t re s pectque s tion w t a o s theask asked profit, tt, the last tny council share as I to the profits, and I then afforde d an ex p lana The question arose thus. When first the plan was talked of, Mr. Lowe, in talking over the terms, &c., p ro _ g et up the establishment and carry it posed that I should out for the society, and that whatever p rofit arose from t he sale of the ova should be divid, d between the societ y an d myself. I presume that ho imagined the arrangement a reasonable one, in cons ideration of m y giving the site, ti me, and connection, &e. But it appeared to me that the matt er would be rather experi mental for the first year; I th erefore preferred waiving the p oint for that first year, and l eaving it for subsequent cons ideration. I think I have here explained, as eas sdfiasrasseld, or ama w bl h e, in e h very point that has been q uestioned n re quired to be explained . matterresTo h lu e t a i having been naou s 1 y fully ag re discussed,ed tfollowing resolution " That Mr. Franc is's memorandum be rec eived, and the followin wa h su a n v n that he be authorised to erect a building and apparatus for fecundating and hatching fish ova on his premises at at an e xpense not exceeding £lOO , Twickenham, upon the terms mentioned in hi s memorandum (such apparatus to remain the property of the society) , and that he bo autho rised to engage a man to assist in s uch operations f or a period of 16 weeks, a t a salary of 255. per week; and that he be authorised to spend £lO for the first year for the supply of water to the apparatus, and £lO for the nets, on behalf of the society ; and that Mr. Francis; be further authorised to incur such expenses as to him, Mr. Hawkins, and Mr. Bush may seem fit and proper . , and that, in case of difference of opinion among them as to the amount of such expenses, the m atter be referred to the council for decision," Mr. Francis announced that the increase of funds which he had already obta i n ed for the society on account of the projected piscicultural branch amounted already to between £7O and LSO. This was only the result of a public meeting held at a period of the year when most of the gentlemen interested in s porting were out of town. Ho had no doubt that if the piseicultural operations of the society were vigorously prosecuted, the amount of support would be much greater. A letter was read from Lord Walsingham, stating that he would i‘ be glad to increase his subscription to the society, if, as has been proposed, they should turn their attention to pisciculture;" and the secretaries were directed to reply to his lordship, thanking him for his offer, and intimating that, inasmuch as the experiment was somewhat Perilous to the small funds of the society, any further pecuniary aid which his lerdahip might be disposed to render would be thankfully received, gratefully acknowledged, and prudently expended. Collision on the Glasgow and South-western Railway. On the night of Thursday a collision occurred between two heavily-laden ltggage trains at Mauchline station, whereby one man was killed and several others had a nar row escape. .The railw a y b e t ween Kil marnoc k an d Auchin leek station is at interv a l s on a s li g ht i nc li ne, an d b etween these two stations two eng i nes are genera ll y emp l oye d f or trains which on oth er parts of the line require but one. On the night mentioned a train, consisting of above 30 trucks, passed along, and on coming to Auchinleck stopped to take on more trucks. T here wore two guards with this train, one of whom was on one of the engines and the other in the van at the end of the train. The former uncoupled some of the waggons to admit there to be taken on, and it was the duty of the latter to put on the break at his end of the train. There is reason to believe, however, that he was asleep, and on the couplings being loosened the latter part of the train commenced to run down the incline. It ran, gathering velocity as it went, for about four miles, and was nearing Mauehline station, when it was met by another train drawn by t wo engines.' A collision occurred, and the van of the runaway was smashed to atoms, the guard, whose nam e Was Woods, being crushed to death. The first engine of the second train ' was thrown on its side, the nearest waggon s of tha other train being thrown over it. Tho drive rs and firemen of the engines escaped by springing off at the moment the collision took place. One of the latter, however, in jumping off, was struck by a fly ing splinter and thrown back on the tender. He was nol injured. The guard, it is said, resided in Carlisle, and had been at Paisley at his father's funeral, and it is probable might have had little rest for some time, and boon unable to resist the temptation to sleep. Besides the van, the engine is injured, and eight or nine of the trucks and their contents aro very Lunc h damaged. The tra ffi c was stopped till morning, when th e rubbish was remove d. The railway at the place is being relaid, and the traffic is done on the single line system. It is providential that the second train had reduced its speed to about four miles an hour. If it had been moving at ordinary speed it is likely tho remits weal L4VO been wore terrible, SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. SATURDAY linviewe—The origin of after-dinner speak ing is lost in the mists of antiquity. Perhaps it may be traced to the habits of cur Teutonic forefathers, recorded by Tacitus, who are said to have debated every subject both under beery and under sober influences. After a merry banquet, they probably took a cheerful view of things. The morrow's indigestion and headache, of course, suggested an opposite estimate, and between the two the right decision was bit. Our post-prandial deli berations follow the old type very naturally. At every banquet the prevailing thought is, what jolly good fellows the guests all are. Down to the smallest parish dinner, the diners celebrate their own virtues and the surpassing corporate excellences which they represent. The rector is the ablest, the churchwardens arc the most conscientious, the bell-ringers the most skilful of their species. The uni versal contentment which a good dinner and good digestion spread over the company accounts for the rosy light in which they view themselves and all human things. At the annual Sheffield Cutlers' Feast, every provision is made for carry ing out to the utmost the genial character of an English banquet. Politics are rigidly excluded; but it seems to be generally understood that this rule is to be taken as a stimu lant to the ingenuity of those political celebrities who attend the dinner for the express purpose of sailing close .hauled to the wind, and venturing as nearly as possible on the one prohibited topic. This adds a little spice of excitement to what would otherwise be a very dull business; and on the last occasion of this periodical ceremony Sir Charles Wood and:Mr. Roebuck entered thoroughly, under Mr. Dunn's experienced guidance, into what is understood to be the spirit of the affair. They did not talk party politics, but they talked and were expected to talk about politics. The picture which the artists drew was in the best after-dinner fashion. The whole thing took the form of a panegyric- Pericles in Hallamshire poured forth a glowing eulogy on the happiness and exceptional glories of Athens the Blessed. Rule Britannia was sung in duo form, and with all the variations which a skilled and experienced rhetoric could introduce into the leading theme. The nations, none so blessed as we, only exhibit various forms either of unsuc cessful imitation or of failure, the very contrast of which redounds to our supremacy. France is very happy and flourishing, but she lacks the one thing needful—which, by the bye, she does not seem to think needful at all. As I to Austria, she is going through a birth-pang whicb may, after all, end in a miscarriage, while we are surrounded by a thriving family of adult institutions, and all of them suc • cesses. Russia—but why mention a country in which trial t by jury, civil and religious liberty, and Lord Somers are, ; at the best, matters of distant hope? If we cross the At • lantic, what do we see but the most dreadful of fraternal • discords, a worse than civil war, of which the atrocities are daily on the increase? But when we look at home, there t are the Elysian Fields ; there aro the Fortunate Islands ; we aro the blameless Ethiopians with whom Zeus and t the Gods feast all day long, and specially feast with the ; Master Cutler at Sheffield in Hallamshire. And as it is with our external, so is it with our internal rela tions. We are living in halcyon days. An unbroken peace and unruffled calm broods over the Pacific sea of ; England. Our life is in the political Doldrums, It matters not who is in or who is out ; political leaders all do the very best for the country, from the purest of motives, and, at least for the last 30 years, with the same uniformity of intention and success. To be sure, it was a pure Whig, ono of the select few that have had all but an unbroken monopoly of power for those very 30 years, who now comes forward to chronicle his own and his party's Government in these roseate periods of congratulation. Perhaps Lord Derby could show us the other side of the tapestry, and exhibit the broken threads, and disjointed stitches, end confused pat . terns of the Whig loom. But assuming Sir Chas. Wood's picture to be the true one, what does it amount to ? For all . practical purposes —and the soft talk had a practical pur pose—it went to show that, as it does not much matter who ; holds the reins of Government. and as we have attained that perfect peace and harmony in which any change would most likely be for the worse, it is, all things considered, best to leave well alone, and to let the Whigs remain in Down ing -street. For his part, he would promise that the past should be a guarantee for the future ; and as Parliament had, with immense applause, done nothing last year, so they would be quite ready to do nothing to the end of time. This was certainly a congenial theme for the Indian Minis ter; and nobody was fouud to contest the value of Sir Charles Wood's experimental knowledge of the arc of let ting well alone. The evils of innovation could not be treated by a more skilful master in the science of p Artiest quietism. If there is a Molinism in politics, Sir Charles Wood has a claim to be its most'sleilled expositor. EXAMINER.—When Filch, in the " Beggar's Opera, ex presses his fear of being cut off in the flower of his youth, and his consequent thoughts of taking up and going to sea, Mrs. Peachum advises, " You should go to Hockley-in-the Hole, and to Marybone, child, to learn valour; those are the schools that have bred so many brave men." And in these words the respectable Mrs. Peachum exhausted all the arguments for prize fighting. The ring is said to be the school in which bravo men are bred, manly habits taught by example, and when we see all the virtues attributed to it, we have only to wonder how the national character survived the period of its disgrace and abeyance. For about 20 years prize fighting was given up, not, we are sorry to confess, in consequence of any improvement in feeling, but in conse quence of the rogueries, to which the name of crosses was given, which destroyed all confidence in the reality of the conflicts, it having been settled beforehand which man was to win. All this is now forgotten, and the ring starts again with a new score, and its old favour. The quarter in which that favour lies is specially remarkable. Amongst the edu cated and refined may be found, here and there, apologists, admirers, and approvers of prize fighting, but to a man the low classes delight iu it, and the lower you go the more prevalent and ardent is the taste, The thing may, indeed, be represented in a diagram. The basis of a pyramid is the taste of the dregs of the community, blackguards, ruffians, and thieves, all for the ring; and with every grade of ascent from this foundation, the thing narrowing and tapering, mounts up to the point where it ceases. Out of a thousand of the dregs of the town taken at random, not one will be found who would not joyfully walk barefooted to a prize fight. Out of a thousand of the educated and refined class shall we set down 10 per cent, as approvers ? We think such an estimate excessive. But we have this certain datum, that , the lower the nature and habits the more decided the taste for the ring. Every blackguard loves it, every ruffian, every thief. They are all initiated in the mysteries. They have the anatomy of every professed bruiser, and are critical on their methods of attack and defence. It is the talk of the gin shop,the ale house, the beer shop of every haunt of the low and the vicious. In clubs and good society not a word is ever heard about it, for though in those places the ring has its friends hero and there, they know better than to divulge, much less are they disposed to parade their peculiar taste. What a curious company must have been that in the Paddington night train, especially despatched for a breach of the law. The pyramid was then reverted, the majority of the upper stratum, the minority of the lowest. But between the fine gentleman in the first-class carriage, and the rough or pick pocket holding on to the door, what a bond of sympathy I the same pleasure, the same pursuit; the man of dirt and rags and the man of professed nicety and refinement looking forward with equal zest to the same treat. The gentleman has the taste of the blackguard, and the blackguard has the taste of the gentleman. That is the thing in common be tween them, under the unreal distinctions of broad cloth and shoddy. Disputes about taste are proverbially idle, but surely some suspicion of the correctness of a taste should be raised by the stamp of its possessors. The affinity be tween the ring and blackguardism and vulgarity should make repulsion for the classes who would hold themselves clear of those reproaches. Yet men who would be ashamed to confess the possession of anything else in common with c)stermongers, roughs, and pickpockets, will avow their share in the taste of seeing two men pound each other to jelly. What the worst take to with the greatest zest, they, the patrons of the ring, take to without seeing how it classes them morally and intellectually. What infallibly attracts the bad of every sort, attracts them also, arguing something in common whore there ought to be nothing. Old and trite is the saying, that a man is known by his associates, and the character of his pleasures is in like man ner unerringly marked by the companionship of his plea sures. If they herd him with all the worst, the lowest, the idle, the profligate, the criminal, the thing must be foul in its nature to have attraction for such natures. Some of a better order and respectable character, it is true, affect it; but the test of the thing is its favour with all the low and bad, and a blackguard or thief not an admirer of the prize ring is not to be found. LONDON REVIEW—Our daily papers are becoming very ghastly reading, and are going far beyond the most sensa tional of sensation novels and dramas in the strangeness of the incidents they disclose and the stories they suggest. A horrible atmosphere of secret death surrounds us, and cases of infanticide that can never be traced to their perpetrators aro getting as common as fatal accidents from crinoline. Every day we read of the discovery of some unfortunate infant's body. In parcels dropped about the streets,—in out-houses and gardens,—chance is constantly bringing to light the shrivelled remains of children that have certainly not always met with a natural death. A man is fitting in an idle mood on the grass of a marshy island between the River Lea and Bow Creek. He sees a cloud of blue bottles buzzing round a hillock of weeds; brushes thorn aside, parts the rank vegetation, and draws a parcel from a hole that has been scooped out of the earth to the depth of about a foot, if the man has any doubt as to the contents of that parcel, some dogs that are ratting in that oozy waste have none; for they come crowding hungrily about the spot. An examination reveals the body of a female infant, with evident marks of foul play; but the coroner's jury can do nothing more than return an open verdict. The thing is perpetually happening, and the open verdict in cases of infanticide is becoming au institution. It has been reserved for Whitechapel, however, to surpass all other stories of the like kind with which the public have recently been shocked. Few would have expected to find a secret and unhallowed Golgotha in a church. Burial within the walls of sacred edifices was until recently a too common practice ; but at at any rate it was openly and legally carried on. No one would have regarded a church as a probable place of deposit for bodies smuggled there in an improper way, and some of which are not without a suspicion of murder. Least of all could any Copgregation have imagined that LW), above their heads as they sat at worship—beneath the timbers of the roof, and in close proximity to the bells that tell of births and marriages and honest natural deaths—was a mass of decay ing humanity. We are all amistomed to the skeleton in the house, and have got somewhat callous to his inevit able presence. But the skeletons in the church-roof — no metaphors, but veritable corpses of infants, still-born" or not, as the case may be, and parching silently in the sun and wind from year to year —are certainly a grim novelty, such as could hardly have been conceived even by the mor bid fancy of Edgar Poe. The investigation into this strange case has not yet proceeded far enough to throw much light on the question as to how the bodies came there ; but it has brought out some singular and note-worthy facts. The dis covery was first made on Saturday, the 22d August, by some workmen who were fixing ventilators in the roof, the need of which, one would think, must have been very apparent to those who frequented the church. Only one coffin was found on that occasion. The sexton and churchwardens were communicated with, and, on further search being made, saulls, bones, and small coffins were found to a con siderable number—some of them in the belfry. Remains of 14 bodies in all have been drawn forth from these ex traordinary hiding-places. Some of the corpses had evi dently not been there for more than two years; others were shrivelled to parchment, and had apparently been dead for 30 or 40 years. Seven of the skulls are said to be en crusted with blood. It appears to have been a work of some trouble and no small danger to place the bodies where they were found. Two or more persons were manifestly concerned in the task, for the only access to the place is by a narrow ledge of timber, and the coffins, says the report in the daily papers, " must have been handed up to the person above by an accomplice. The place to catch hold of is very narrow, and if the person clinging on had made the slightest slip, he would infallibly have been killed by falling into the iron machinery of the church bells." Who were the persons who ran this risk ? Evidently people who had some legitimate business about the church, though as yet it is impossible to say precisely who. At the first sitting of the inquest, a woman came forward, who turns out to be the mother of two of the in fants whose dead bodies were found in the belfry. She was enabled to identify some of the wrappings, and her evidence was not without value. Four children have been born to this woman, of whom only one was legitimate. Two were still-born; the other two only lived for a very brief period. The two former, and one of those born alive, which survived five days, were "fetched away" by an undertaker's man, for the purpose, as it was supposed, of being buried ; but the mother seems to have heard, at some subsequent time, that they had not been buried, or at least that ono had not. We do not gather from the report of her evidence when she heard this : if it was before the dis covery in the roof, the fact is important, and demands further inquiry. The sexton denies all knowledge of the affair; and, though his excited exclamation on being sworn —" I am innocent of this charge, so help my God I" when no charge had been made against him—was not a good point in his favour, it may be that he was really ignorant of the strange uses to which the church roof and the belfry had been put. Ile admits, however, that he formerly re ceived still-born children for burial in the churchyard, and that he took no care of the certificates. COURT JounNAL.—The friends of the South have, at the present moment, greater cause than they ever had to be proud of the bold, manly attitude of the Richmond Ca binet and the people of the Southern' States. Tho latest in telligence from America is equally as unexpected as it is welcome to the heart of all true-feeling and liberty-loving Englishmen. The one great stain upon the independent banner of the South till the present moment was slavery, and even the warmest sympathisers with freedom still felt a lurking, though half-smothered, feeling of antagonism towards the agitation for recognising the South, knowing, as tbey did, that by so doing England was, after all, admit ting a slave-trading - and slave-holding country to the community of great and free nations. The importance of Jefferson Davis's last proclamation is, perhaps, not perfectly understood at the present moment, but it calls for the en rolment of 500,000 negro soldiers, who are to have their liberty at the end of the war. This is the first great step in the direction of emancipation, and we have every reason to rejoice at it, inasmuch as it holds out far greater promise of success than the vindictive, yet hesitating, project which originated and was addled in the brains of Northern states men. The negro taking up arms for the North is already free, and has only to dread capture by fighting with any thing like courage; but the negro on the side of the South knows that he is struggling for freedom, and that every in dividual effort will tend to bring the war still nearer to a close, and to grant him his longed for and well-earned liberty. All honour, say we, to the Confederate soldiers and statesmen who have begun the work of emancipation, and may England not be slow to recognise a nation which, whilst struggling for its own independence, does not forget that of the unfortunate negro—the true cause of all this long and disastrous warfare. ATREN2EUM.—A benevolent lady, aided by some earnest friends, proposes to establish an Infanticide Prevention Society. These thoughtful persons have been struck by the frequent failure of justice in cases of child murder. There was, for example, in a recent case some rather start ling elements. A woman was charged with the wilful murder of her child. The evidence was conclusive as to her maternity—the medical testimony was direct and clear that the child had been born alive, and that its life had been destroyed by drowning. It was proved that the prisoner had provided a pan-mug of water and had thrust the child into it. Yet the jury acquitted the prisoner. Such a mis carriage of justice, they urge, could only occur while the public mind is uns.wakened to the social enormity of this particular crime. "On this ground it will be a prominent feature in this institution to stimulate a healthy national sentiment on this vital question—not by exciting a maud lin sympathy with guilt, even under the garb of desertion sad suffering in the hour of travail, but by boldly confront ing the dark crime of child murder." The evil is obvious, the remedy not so. We wish these benevolent persons every success in their efforts; but we may warn them that the task of awakening the public mind is no light one. A change of the Bastardy Law is only one branch of the great work which stands before these new reformers. SPECTATOR.—Herr von Bismark's tone toward the Prus sian people is that of the young gentleman in Punch, who, sitting with his feet on the fender, calmly replied to the in furiated father who thundered at him, " It comes to this, Frederick, am I to be master in this house or you ?" with, " Don't excite yourself, Papa. I will, if you like." It is believed, however, that the Prussian Premier's inconsist ency is not altogether voluntary. Another royal decree was to have altered the electoral law, and enabled him to address himself only to the reactionary classes. Where he expected to find a reactionary electoral body sufficiently numerous to play the part with decency remains a mystery. The country squires who prefix " von" to their names, the offi cers in the army, and the higher official employes are pros bably his only enthusiastic supporters. It has, indeed, been suggested that ho intended to resort to universal suffrage, and, no doubt, ho is an admirer of the Emperor of the French. But the despotism of France is founded on the dread with which the peasant proprietors regard social ism, and socialism has but few disciples among the orderly and industrious Germans. Well-informed people do, indeed, seem to say that the agricultural class has as yet been apathetic in the contest between the bourgeoisie and the Premier, but the emancipation of the peasantry, commenced by Stein in 1807, was only completed by Prince Hardenberg in 1821. Thirty years can scarcely have erased the mark of his collar from the neck of the serf, and it is permitted one to doubt whether, if he were directly appealed to, ho would be disposed to give his vote in favour of the domination of his former master. But it is idle to speculate on the projects of a man who to-day advises Aus tria to abandon her connection with Germany, and to-morrow openly talks of annexing Poland. No dreams are too wild for a mind whose natural disease of arrogance has by the pos session of power been irritated to delirium. If, indeed, he ad vised his master either to restrict or enlarge the constituency by royal decree, the King has not been able to summon the necessary dishonesty or desperation. The Deputies are to be chosen in the manner which the constitution directs, Herr von Bismark may plead in favour of the dissolution that the late Chamber was not elected under his auspices. But tie late Premier, Von der Heydt, was only a more prudent Bismark. His attempts at influencing the consti tuencies did not procure the return of a single minister, nor, indeed, of more than a dozen ministerialists. No doubt Herr Bismark is capable of going to any extremities either of coercion or bribery, but surely it is more than even he can hope—to convert a minority of a dozen into a majority. And when he meets the Parliament, even before the budget will arise the question of the legality of the decree gagging the Press. If that ordinance is "not contrary to the Con stitution," and was issued "only when the suppression of an extraordinary necessity urgently demanded it" —whatever that may moan—still it must bo "submitted forthwith to the approbation of the Chambers at their next meeting." We cannot anticipate any result from the assembly of the Chambers, except the continuance of the existing deadlock. King William will then be in that position which is the inevitable dilemma of statesmen—he will have three courses before him. First, he can dismiss his present advisers, select their successors from the majority of the Chamber, withdraw the decree on the Press, popu larise the army, break off his relations with the junker ea manilla, in short, frankly accept the position of a constitu tional monarch. Secondly, he may abdicate. In order to adopt the first of these resolutions, he must conquer the obstinacy which is his leading characteristic, and although a confirmed military martinet abjure the habits of thought instilled into him in youth and cherished for more than half a century. In order to adopt the second he must relinquish that show of power to which, like all weals men, he clings with a tenacity which is only equalled by his irresolution. The third course is one from which his natural honesty of temper, if not tho remonstrances of his wife and son, will, it is to be hoped, hold him back. But, unhappily, the man who has allowed himself to be persuaded thus far on the road to despotism may want the courage to confess or the brains to comprehend his error. H e may yield to the evil advisers who surround him. H e may violate his oath, abolish the Constitution by royal decree, appeal to the army for support, and endeavour to stamp out the opposition of his people in blood. If he succeeds, Prussia, a straggling tract of recently united provinces, with an army fully occupied in holding down a disaffected people, ceases to be a great power. If he fails, the Hohen wile= cease to be a ruling house, 24hora spa aimo, Alarming Occurrence on the North London, Railway. On Saturday morning, shortly before 11 o'clock, an accie dent of a very alarming character occurred to a North Lon don Railway train within a few yards of the Fenchurch street etation,and which, it is almost miraculous to relate, did not involve the destruction of a large amount of human life. The train in question was the 10.20 from Camden-roadf and consisted of some ten or eleven carriages, three of which were first-class, and the remainder second-class car riages of the North London line. It was duo at Fenchurche street shortly before eleven o'clock, and the pace of the train had been slackened to run into the North London compartment. Suddenly a very severe shock was felt by the passengers, and many in the foremost carriages were thrown from their seats. Great consternation was m ani fe3ted7 and it was at once discovered that the engine No. 2, of th e composite class, that is, with the boiler and tender, Ste., attached, and ordinarily in use on the North London line , had left the metals and had dashed against the wall of the viaduct, carrying a great portion of it away, and precipitat ing it on to some new buildings, which a large n umber o f workmen were at the time engaged in erecting in Cooper's row, Crutched-friars, beneath. The escape of both train and passengers was most miraculous, for, had the engine proceeded but a foot or two further, it must have been pre cipated over the viaduct, and in all probability have dragged one or two carriages over with it. The writer of this was a passenger in one of the first-class carriages, the third or fourth from the engine, and although the train had slackened its speed to run into the station, the shock was so great as to throw the passengers in that carriage from one side to the other. The moment the driver of the engine found, from the peculiar grating noise he heard, that his wheels had left the metals, he shut off the steam, and after grazing the sides of the outer wall for a distance of some 8 or 10ft, the engin e turned completely round, and rushed through the wall of the viaduct over Cooper's-row, as before described, and became embedded in the soil, a providential circumstance, to which may bo attributed the stoppage of the train without going over. As it was, the first carriage, a second-class, in which there happened to be fortunately but seven or eight passen gers, was thrown up completely over the rear or tender portion of the engine, and then fell upon its side inward towards the rails. The third carriage, also a second-class , must have jumped up, as the whole of the top part of the first was completely smashed in, but it had returned after the collision, and stood partly upon the rails. The passes' gets were necessarily much alarmed, but although our re porter made every inquiry upon the spot, ho could n ot ascertain that any one was injured beyond being slightly shaken by the concussion. As soon as the passengers were able to leave the carriages they had to walk to the platform, which was not more than some 20 or 30 feet from the spot where the engine was to be seen in its perilous position, partially suspended over the outside of the viaduct. Another providential circumstance was, that although a large num ber of workmen were employed on the building in course of erection where the engine struck the wall, none of them were in the identical spot where the brickwork was broken. or the falling wreck would, without doubt, have proved fatal to them. As soon as the alarm had somewhat subsided, Mr. Wight' man, the superintendent of the Blackwell and Eastern Conn- . ties lines at the station, and other officials, at once tele graphed to North London works at Bow, and to stop the uP Blackwell trains, as from the position in which the engine stood, and the second-class carriage hung, not only the North London but the Blackwell terminus metals wer e completely blocked, and the passengers on both these lines were compelled to leave the carriages at the junction, for some distance down the line, during a great portion of the morning, whilst the outgoing trains were desps.tched from the platform of the Eastern Counties and the London, 111- bury, and Thames Haven line, on the Northern side of the station. In a short time large number of engineers an d labourers belonging to the North London Company were en tho spot, and efforts were made to remove the carriage and engine, which overhung the parapet, and caused large crowds of persons to assemble in Cooper's-row during the operations. It was not until late in the afternoon that this was effected. As to the causes which led to the occurrence, there is but little doubt that it resulted from some negligence on the part of some of the workmen employed in repairing the ractala at the spot where the engine went off. Just at this place the earth had been dug out, and the sleepers upon which the metals rested were completely bare, and it is believed that some of these not having been properly secured, the pre vious train from Camden Town, which arrived about 20 minutes after ten, and had shortly after gone out over the same ground, mutt in doing so have displaced one of the metals or chairs, and that the line was not examined by the plate-layers between that and the arrival of the 10 . 20 train. The matter, however, is under investigation. The conduct of the driver and stoker of No. 2 engine is most praiseworthy, for it was ascertained that when they found the engine was off the line, instead of jumping off,they shut off the steam and stuck to their posts at the risk of their lives, which would in all probability have been sacrificed had the engine progressed a foot or two further over the edge of the viaduct, where it had broken through. The oc currence created considerable excitement amongst the many thousands of passengers who daily throng the Fenchurch street station and its vicinity, and many exaggerated ru mours were throughout the day in circulation. COUNTRY MARKETS. YORK--SATURDAY. The supply of wheat at market to-day was moderate, and late prices abtuv maintained for all sorts. A great quantity of rain has fallen, and in some places the out standing crops have been injured. Wheat, red 44s to 46s (tat5.....,. 20s to 24S White do .488 to 52s Beans 3&. t o 42a Barley .30s to 320 Peas .... 4to -- --45 Malt, 62s to 64s per qr.; rye, 32s per qr ; flour, 334 to 35s per sack. NOTTINGHAM-SATURDAT. The greater part of the wheat crop is secured, and the yield is very good. White wheat, from 45s to 50s ; red wheat, 40s to 47 14 Barley—malting, 35s to 41s ; grinding, 28s to 31s. Oatf, old, at 24s to 31s 0d ; new, 22s to 275. Beans sold at 3 84 to 43s per qr. ; new, 38s to 425. GRANTHAM-SATURDAY. Old white wheat, 44s to 48s ; red, 42s to 44s per 36g. ; new white, 458 to 495; new, 43s to 465. Malting barley, 36s to 40s per qr ; grinding, 30s to 32s ; oats, old, 26s t 3 28s ; new, 23s to 25s ; beans, 40s to 42s ; peas, 38s to 40s. NORWICH-SATURDAY. A small supply, and the demand was ,not active, but late prices were realised. There were a good number of sainpleS of new barley offered, and prices Is up. White wheat. 46s to 47s Red wheat 43s to 45s Malting barley ... 3Ss to 40s Chevalier barley 36s to 37 8 Distilling do 33s to 35s Oats.. ..24s to 29 Flour, 31s Od to —s ed per sack from tho miller. LEICESTER-SATURDAY. -- - - - Old white wheat, 45s to 50s; new, 488 to 50s per 3 6 stone. Old red, 42s to 48s per 36 stone. Barley, malting , new, 35s to 39s per qr.; grinding, 28s to 31s; old oats, 27s to 395; new oats, 24s to 26s per 24 stone. Beans, new, 38s to 42s per 38 stone ; flour, 30s to 35s per 20 stone. NORTHAMPTON-SATURDAY. White wheat, 424 to 48s; red, 42s to 455; fine, 476 to —s per qr. Barley, 34s to 38s—grinding, 27s to 30s; Oats, 23s .to 32s per 24 stone. Beans, 39s to 435. Peas/ 34s to 40s per qr. [ADVERTISEMENT.]—Consumption, alt nervous, billow; liver, and stomach complaints, in every stage, are only ag" gravated and accelerated by drugs of every description, but perfectly curable by Du Barry's health restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, as proved by thousands of cases which had been considered hopeless. We quote a few.—Cure No. 62,014. Miss Lange, 18 years of age, cured after the medical men had abandoned all hopes of her recovery from the last stage of pulmonary consumption, with fearful cough, expectoration, exhaustion, spitting of blood, perspirations, hollow cheeks, emaciated to a skeleton. She is now, thank God, a perfectly healthy, blooming, fleshy girl.—N. Lange, Commissaire do Police. Cure, No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of FrimleY l Surrey, at thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, derangement, and partial deafness.—Cure, No. 47,121. 3 116 ' Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion , gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure, No. 64,816. The Rev. James T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, of indigestion and torpidity of the liver, which had resisted all 118 ; m l e 2 d m ica , 212tsr;ea2t4mthe,nt. 40s. In ti Ear n ry s, d i 9d ;a2nldh, C0.,48 13 1b No ; o ; . 5 77: Regent-street, London; also Fortnum and Mason; and alj grocers and chemists in every town of the United Kingdom. Births. BELL. —On the Bth inst., the wife of F. Bell, Esq., 47th ltegt., of a daughter. FRERE.—On the 10th inst., at Dunton, Norfolk, Mrs. Yo.f110: the 7 daughter. llth inst.. at B a ll ysax, Co. K ild ar e, wife of Captain Gurney Banbury, 10th Hussars, of A daughter. Al:h- the te wife Marriages. EAGLE—WITHERS. — On the 10th inst., at St. Bartholo mew's, Sydenham, W. P. Eagle, Esq., of Cannon-street, W., to Harriett, only daughter of Henry Withers, Esq., of 3, Wellington-street, London-bridge. LEAHY — BAKER—On the 10th inst., at St Msry's Church, Chatham, James Wilton Leahy, Esq., R.N., to Frances Ann, eldest daughter of Thos. P. Baker, Esq., R.N., of H.M. Dockyard, Chatham. Deathz. ALTA - IN.—On the 9th inst., Chigwell, Richard J. Allen, Et..q., aged 81. BICKIIA3I.—On the Bth inst., Thomas Bickham, Esq., et Whalley Range, Manchester. FosTEL—On the 1 lth inst., at Lee, Kent, the infant daughter of C. J. Foster, LL.D. HAWKINS.—On the 10th inst., at Brighton, Wm. Henry Hawkins, Esq., J.P., aged 68. HAINES.—On the 10th inst,, at Moorwood House, near Cirencester, Edward Hainee, Esq., aged 90. SUTTON.—On the 11th inst., at St. John's-wood, James tiutton, Esq., aged 61. TOWNSHEND.—On the 10th inst., at Raynham Hall, Nor• folk, Marquis Townsend, aged 65. WILDE,—On the 6th inst., at Chem House, Surrey. Geo. Wilde, Esq.. aged 59. London : Printed and Pulslished by WILLIAM ANnREWS I of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN Office No. 112 Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County of lAittalocK,7Alonfin t l .sePtember 14, 1e63. NJ on t T 1 Po Ott a Low 'l'll 41o,( A tart Rim! tOw P( ttro( fria r .—__ TT ealle keel Mo s( Prot. the y. PEIS9 COrrii rate] a btt( a t tl 1701 'Mfg j I'll *ate , liar, lUtn] ' , Net F radii Plac, evi (1, T ndu th e hOp, imp to tl th e the Poll, Whc