The Sun. — London, England, 1854-12-27 00:00:00

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Kek , 7 , ; . .; ) ~, , I , lc / ' - , r _„ ...,;., ~ i N / .., - 4, v , ~,,. ~,,,,,r, ~.) , , in T .., .. v. ..,1".... --,-, 1 - --- 4 i /~ r 7 ' 1 BL AN E._ CHRISTMAS FIOLI DAYS.—During the Christmas Week Mr. ALBERT SMIT El will give his MONT BLANC, HOLLAND, and up the BRINE, every morning. and evening, at Ti,ree and Eight (except Saturday evening.) E calls can be taken for any of the representa tions at the Egyptian Hall, every day, from Eleven to Four. ~l pAN4 DRAMA. of the BATTLE of the ALMA to Ist open4d at BURFORD'S,Lelcester-square. The Views of Berlin r old of. - the Bernese Alps are also now open. Admission, Is. each. Opel . -from ten till dusk. No. 19,424.] LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 27, 1854. [p ß icE SD. T HE MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 39, Kt ng-street, Cheapside, London. F.stablished 1834. SPECIAL NOTICE.---Assurances effected before the 31st instant Will share IS. the Protiti at the end of next year. SAMUEL BROWN, Actuary. PUBLICATIONS. TILE INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE. or to translate ten lines of Shakspere into Greek iambics. We wish to see such a system of exami nation established as shall not. exclude from the _service of the East India Company either a Mack intosh or a Tenterden, either a Canning or a Horner. We have, with an anxious desire to deal fairly by all parts of the United Kingdom, and by all• places of liberal education, framed the followin ,, scale, which we venture to submit for your consiS oration : BRITISH. EMPIRE MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY, NEW TALE BY MR. .kINSWOR rli BENTLEY'S MIS EIL A NY.- Me JANUARY NUMBER will contain the commencement 37, New Bridge-street, Blackirlars Empowered by Special Act of"Paliament—Accumulated Fund, 60,0001.—AT multi Income, 30,0001. The entire profits divided trien nially —No charges except the Anneal Premium—Policies indisput able ereeplt, hi cases of fraud; and after three years the assurer may receive the surrender value, or obtain in exchanze a Free Policy.— Loans gra n itett on approved security. J AMES • INGLIS, Secretary. THE SPENDTHRIFT. A Tale of the LaAt Century. By W. HARRISON A INS wount, Esq. London: Richard Bentley, 8, New Bnrlin;ton•street. BItITISH _.. E M_PI RE MUTUAL FIRE ASSURANCE COMPANY, 37, New Bridge-street, Blackfriars. - - At the Annual Meeting of this Company, August 31, 1854, the fol lowing Resolutions were passed tmablmously : Ist. That this meeting cordially agrees a ith the recommendation of the Directors, that 12% per cent. on their premiums be returned to the insurers. 2d. That this Meeting congratulates the public on the signal suc cess which has attended the formation of the British Empire Fire .Assurtlnce Company on the mutual penciple. That it views will' approl)ation the steady and economical, yet diligent manner in which its business has been conducted; and calls upon all its numerous fellow-insurers to co-operate zealously with the Directors in making known the merits and advantages of the Company. Guarantee Fund 200,0001. Entire profits divided triennially. Complete Mutuality. Policies issued, 12,314 for 5,461,2801. FRAITCIS CLOWES, Secrttary. 1 SCOTTISH WIDOWS' FUND and LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. Established A.D. 1815. Head Office—Edinburgh, 5, St. Andrew-square. SPECIAL NOTICE. Propcsals for Assurance, in order to secure right of entry in the kooks for the current year, must be lodged at the Head-Office or at ,one of the Agencies, on or before SATURDAY, the 30th current. JOHN MACKENZIE, Manager. • - WM. LINDESAY, Secretary. Edinburgh, December, 1854. N.B.—The amount of Assurances which may be undertaken by the Society upen Individual Lives has now been extended from 5,0001. to 7,0001. LONDON HONORARY BOARD. George Young, Esq., 4Y, Wimpole-street and Mark-lane. Charles Edward Pollock, Esq., Barrister, Temple. David Hill, Esq., East India House. . John Murray, Esq., Albemarle-street. Samuel Laing. Esq., Chairman of Brighton Railway. Sir John Thomas Briggs. Admiralty. "Leonard Horner, Esq.. Home-office. John Taylor, jun., Esq., C.E., Queen-street -place. RUSSIA'S POLICY AND NAPOLEON'S PitOPIIECV. Price 2d London : Houlston and Stoneman, Paternoster-raw. THE BRITISH QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. XLI., I)! ice 65., w3l heput,lished JANUA RY 1, CONTENTS : I. Ihe Philosophy of Kaot. 11. Rural and r orest Lite in America. 111. Authority of the Sabbath. IV. The Chemistry of Common Life. V. Russians at Home. VI. Present Aspects ani Tendencies of Literature. VII. Our Foreign Policy.—Who is to Blame? VIII. Our Epilogue on Affairs and Bcoks. London: Jackson and Walford, IS, St. Paul's Churchyard; and Simpkiu, Marshall, and Co., Stationers' hall-court. LONDON AND TSB SUBURBS. CENTRAL AGENT. Hugh M'Kean, 4, Royal Exchange-buildings, Cornhill. DISTRICT AGENTS. Captain R. S. Ridge, 49, Pall-mall, Agent for the West End District. Benton Seeley, 2, Hanover-street, Regent-street. Ferdinand Grut, 13, King-street, Southwark. TO LOVERS OF FISH.- 100 real YARMOUTH BLOATERS for 65., package included. The above forwarded to all parts on receipt of penny postage stamps, or I'. 0. 0. (preferred) for the amount. Send plain address, county, and nearest station.—Address, Thomas Lettis, jun., Fish-curer, Great Yarmouth. GREAT REDUCTION IN PRICE OF SIR WM. BURNETT'S DISINFECTING FLUID. Gallons, ss. Quarts, 2s. Pints, Is. Half-pints, 6d. This Valuable DEODORISER and DISINFECTANT instantane ously destroys all BAD SMELLS without producing any itself. Its free use, as directed, PREVENTS CLIOLERA. and all CON TAGIOUS DISEASES. Mid by all Chemists and Druggists, and at the Office, 18, Cannon greet, London-bridge. N.B.—Beware of a spurious imitation. LAURENT'S CASINO, ARGYLL ROOMS.- During the course of this week will be played by Laurent's Orchestra:—Overture, Mastudello, Auber ; Waltzes: Vermahlung's Toasts (first time), Strauss; La Jardiniere, Labitquy : Souvenir du Luxembourg (first time), Boutsquet ; Le Carnaval de Venice (by desire), 11. Laurent, with Variations for all the principal performers. Quadrilles : Le Palais de l'Alcazar, H. Lamotte ; La Guerre, 805.5 4 0 ; Le Serment (first time), Remain ; Lammermoor. Tinney. Schot tische, Moldavian (first time), Jullien. Polkas : Blumeniest (first 'time), Strauss; The New Annen. Strauss. Gallop, Les Guides, H. Laurent. Principal Cornet Piston, lit. Boulcourt. All information relative to music to be obtained at the music repository wider the orchestra. Doors open at Eight; commence at half-past.—Admis eon, One Shilling. GRAND BAL MASQUE and CHRISTMAS FETE at the CASINO DE VENHE, High Holborn.—The Proprietor of the above magnificent and popular Establishment respectfully announces that he will, at the suggestion of his sub scribers and friends, give a GRAND BAL MASQUE nd CHRIST MAS FETE TO-MORROW (THURSDAY. December the 28th) the arrangements for which are of a most extensive and superb cha racter. Mr. W. M. Packer's renowned band will o cupy the orchestra, and perform a programme of dance music apropos to the festive occasion.—Gentleman's ticket, es. ; lady's ditto, as. each. Doors open at half-past nine, to commence at ten o'clock punctually. —Mr. Nathan. Castle-street, is the appointed costumier. CHRIATNIAS HOLIDAYS, - ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. The following REMARKABLE NOVELTIES have been . SPECIALLY PREPARED. LECTURE by J. H. PErrzn, Esq., on Professor Wheatstone's experiments on the TRANSMISSION of -OUND through Solid Con ductors, illustrated by a TELEPHONIC CONC , tItT FIRST PAR, r of an ENTIRELY NEW and SPLENDID OPTI CAL DIORAMA, illustrating the VOYAGLES of SINBAD the SAILOR, with Beautiful PHANTASMAGORIA EFFECTS. and appropriate Music arranged by Mr. Waud. Great Increase in the VIEWS of the WAn the BATTLE of the ALMA, SIEGE of SEBASTOPOL, the ENGLISH BATTERIES, Sic., Ste. LECTURE on the LANCASTER GUN, the 311 NIE RIFLE, and that powerful implement of war, the STEAM GUN, projecting Sixty rails per Minute, wh ch has been erected by Mr. rBaKINS, an I will be d'scharged daily and in the Evenin , s. LEX T URES en- ELECTRICITY by l)r. BACIIIIOFFNER. Mr. CusWroan's VOCAL ENTERTAINMENT Of the PATRIOTIC SONGS of SCOTLAND. For the special Amusement of the Juvenile Auditory, DAVIS'S INGENIOUS M A RIONETTES will be exhibited . All the other LECTURES, E±IIIBITIONS of MODELS, &c. &o. &c. Fresh decorations. Special Juvenile Night on the 3d of January, and gratuitous distri• button of the Ornaments of a beanthul Christmas Trio amongst the Young People. RIESEMAR, protected by Royal Letters , Patent of England, and secured by the Seals of the Ecole de Pharmacia de Paris, grid the Imperial College of Medicine, Vienna. TRIESEMAR, No. 1, • is a remedy for Relaxation, Sperinatorrllcea, and Exhaustion of the System. TRIESEMAR, No. 2, effectually, in the short space of three days, completely and entirely eradicates all traces ot those Disorders which Capivi and Cuhebs have so long been thought an antidote for, to the ruin of the health of a vast portion of the population. TRIESEHAR, No. 3, Is the great Continental Remedy for that class of Disorders, which unfortunately the English physician treats with Mercury, to the in evitable destruction of the patient's constitution, and which all the Sarsaparilla in the world cannot remove. TRIESEMAR, No. 1,2, and 3, are alike devoid of taste or smell, and of all nauseating qualities. They may lie on the toilet table Without their use being suspected. Sold in tin cases at 1 la. each, free by post, 2s. extra, divided into separate doses, as administered by Valpean, Lallemanel, Rona, &c., &c.—To be had Wholesale and Retail In London of Robert John ston, 68, Cornhill; Hannay and Co., 63, Oxford-street; and Sanger, 150, Oxford-strcet. ' VHS END S T PACKETS. No other Packets call at the Greenhltho and Purfleet Plei The Packets call at the Piers as underlined (weather permit FROM TERRACE PIER, GRAVESEND. StrNDATS WEEK DATE. g 14 4 ' s ' Terrace 1 tE. , ,t 4 Pier cl 0 8 A.- 44 g— : ,------ .-- ...1. , - = a tz t (&) SJ, - s p. g 0 - - Omnibuses from Fenehurch-strl every quarter of an hour. LiRUNSWICK WiIABF. BLACK lowing Trains from the F Time ling) •oct Station to all parts of London :WALL, on the arrival of the fo' 'eneharch-street Station. WEN( DATA. SUNDAYS. .-.•-••••••----- ----a-7i, -, .. -... g ' 0 ECU- 1-t Y • .. Fen- 2., g :a . church 5 .!..' lii, g li church , 4 v g . 1 ;Street z. 8 4 F . g Street ' S 4 ?-. . ~, g , 0, a 1 .- - 0_ _ , 2 1 ,4 1!q 41f1 —.— Fore Cabin. Saloon. .. ~ . To or from Gravesend and L0nd0n........ •• Is. 2d „ Gravesend and Blackwell or Woolwiell Bd. Os. 10 8 d. d Between Gravesend and Intermediate Piers.. 6(1 . Os. BOAT TICKETS.—TweIve Months, 5.. Oa.; Six Months, 3/. Os. ; Three Months, 21. Os.; to be had of the Collectors on board the Packets; or of Mr. Monk, Terrace Pier, Oravesend. Nov. 13, 1854. THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH AND MATURITY. Just published, price 23., illustrated with cam free by post for 30 stamps, N E R V.O II DEBILITY ; S Its Causes, Symptoms , and Cure.—An Essa y on Sper - matorrbeea, with Practical Observations on a safer and more successful mode of treatment of the diseases of the Generative System, obtained by the usa of the Microscope in detecting an d Cstinguishing, by urinary examination, the real cause and effect of every variety of complaint. whether arising from solitary. habits, excesses, accident, or climate, followed by practical remarks, founded en twenty years' experience in the treatment of Impuissance, Nervous Debility, Local Weakness, Spermatorrhcea, &c. To whi c h are added, Comm e ntaries on the Physiology of Marriage, with pre cautionary hints on the evils emanating from empirical practice, Ind on the dangerous remedies advocated by various writers on these important disorders. By SAMUEL LA'MERT, M.D. 37, BEDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON, A ,ctcr of Medicine, Matr i cu l a t e d Member of the University of Edin burgh, Honorary Member of the Londe° Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, tec., &e. The essential object of this treatise is to point out the fearful con- The resulting from certain habits, irregularitie°, and excesses, which have pronuced more misery in Youth, degradation in Man beod, and premature decay at all stages of Life, than, perhaps, any other class of disease known to modem pathologists. Its perusal is particularly recommended to persons entertaining secret doubts of their physical condition, and who are conscious of haring hazarded the health, haPalne3°, and privileges to which every human being is entitled. It is absolutely necessary thatall men should know, that there are principles! of personal management which cannot be violated without incurring grievous pealties, and when wisdom and regret succeed the heyday of incouSiderate :301f-indulgence, how these penalties n ay be mitigated, how the sting of their bitterness may be removed, and how the evil and its consequences may be avoided, and above all, that there is scarcely any degree of physical infirmity or functional derangement to which the timely aid of science cannot apply a cure. The Author hat for a series of years been engaged in an extensive practice in the treatment of those delicate complaints, which have unfortunately teen too generally confided to the care of ignorant empirics, who inflict great injury on those who are induced to place faith in their pretension% NERVOUS DEBILITY may be had, price 21, of Messrs. Piper, Brothers, and Co., 23,1. Paternoster - row; - a—rnoster , row ; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street; Horne, 19, Leicester-square; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or free by post for thirty stamps to any address from the Author's residence, 37, Bed ford-square. At home for consultation daily from 'Eleven till TWO, filx till Eight and from FOR THE CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS.- E. MOSES and SON have ready for inspection a new and very superior stock of Vests for Balls and Christmas parties. These com prise the latest introduction, English and foreign, in fabrics of ele gant sold fashiona , le manufacture—and they are made with the skill for which the firm of E. 31‘.szs and Sox is everywhere cele brated. E. Mosts and Sox have prepared a new Stock of Juvenile Attire f or Christmas holidays —it com p rehends ' every variety, is made from the lest and most suitable materials, has the recommendation of being desiened and finished by the most skilful and and a e a x s p y o . ri a e n n d ce i d s artists and workmen in the tra e— fits gracefully charged the lowest possible price. For the Christmas itr a holidays leled y E ri . e li ty o o sEs f O a v n e d reo S a o t ri s: p w a b i o et h at a s v , e c r a e p a e d s y , for inspegtion an une ca , the style. workmanship, and gene - inimitable, and the prices such as are immense transactions. ral on excellencesonly wrappers, renderedecos e a r b p i f e 3' its Branch, New Oxford-street, remunerative&eti by are equally provided with Hosiery For Christmas holidays E. MOSES and a S n o d N e 's he E a s p t n a e l:ll B s . hment, and Goods, which excel in novelty, elegance, Hats and Caps. Boots and the Christmas boll days may be most advantageously selected ofsh E. MOSES and SON'S Wholesale Clothing, ,lainTsßoaontdaSnrShoe departments present the largest Stock of the most suitable Goods (for the export pr home trade) at theanost reasonable prices. SPECIAL NOTICE 11855 F• MOSES and SON'S —Until March , ESTABLISHMENTS 'will be CLOSED at EIGHT O'CLOCK EVERY EVENING, except S a t urday, w h en they will be open till II o'clock. CAUTION.—E , MOSES and SON regret having to guard the oublic against imposition, hevinw learned that the nntradernan-like falsehood of " Being connected with their Establishment," or " It's the same omicern," has been resorted to in many instances, and fer obvious reasons, they beg to state that they have No CoNNExton Wren 1.141 r OTTIEII. ROME IN ON OCT OF LONDON, 45 I ;a o n n d do s n o, C k it l y dg E a s te tr o l p i )p. shment, 154, 155. 156, an d 157, M aul t ac e no t mc .h hm e , Church, o u t ac7 r ri c dt h sl,o . 2, g40 a ,: 11 c B om Now r id Bridge - street. x n . s n f to i rr e n ed e t . ta t tr ,g e . a t 1, 2, except their own E s t a b l i shments, as follows : London West-end Branch, 506, P.r a a n d a to 3 rh hart- ork s s tr h e ir e e t Sheffield Branch, 311. Fargato. • Minor] es, 84, Colonial Wholesale Branch, Melbourne, Au/trails. Merchant Tailors, Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers, Boot and shoe Makers, and General Outfitters for Ladles and Gentlemen. IMPORTANT.—ShouId any article not give satisfaction, it will be exchanged if desired, or, if preferred, the money will be returned without hesitation. All goods are marked in plain figures, the lowest price, from which no abatement can be made. The Establishments ar3 closed from sunset on Fridays to sunset on Saturdays, when business Is resumed till 11 o'clock. A now Book for Autumn anti Winter. " The Commercial Cornu copia," containing full lists of prices, our system of self-measure sent, Ecc., Esc., may be had on application, or post-free. Ici l'on parte Francais. Qui si parla Italisno. lller aDricht man Deutsch Aqua sa habl a Espano. Ansll - usirated,Almanao_for 185b:gratio, on Application, or post free ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, .11E, YEAR 1855 bids fair to be one of the roost important and eventful of modern history. on the 6th of January, 1855, will be Issued the first number of a new volume of the ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, and not merely a new volume, but of a New Year—each voltune being perfect and complete in itselt— containing,:for the time, a faithful record, pictorial and descriptive, of all Events of interest in every part of the world. To that limited portion of the public who do not subscrihe to this Journal, it may be stated that no period could he selected more opportune for coat mencing--th,- whole expense being hut Twenty-six Shillings per an num, exclusive of double numbers, which are issued on rare occa"- stens, when it would be impossible to crowd the important events and Engravings into A single number; for this small sum the sub scriber will receive twenty-four large pages—seventy-two columns— of the most interesting information, carefully selected from the News of the Week, interspersed with a variety of charming articles on the chief topics of the day. The ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS haa, by its impartial and con sistent advocacy of the welfare of the public, secured for itself a poli tical influence scarcely second to any newspaper in the empire; and reference can, with some pride, be made to the support afforded to all beneficial measures proposed and adopted by the English Parlia ment. Foreign Politic; will ever csmmand the attention which ought to be devoted to so Important a feature of a newspaper. On the quo tion' of the Russian War, during the year 1854, ONE TLIOUSAND ENGRAVINGS appeared In the ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS. Ex tensive arrangements, calculated to improve this popular Journal, and engagements, such as w.ll greatly enrich its Literary, Scientific, aid other departments, have been made, and will thus combine on this Paper the greatest talent of the day. The ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS has been established thirteen years, during which period it has received a greater degree of en couragement and approbation than any Journal ever published. This is proved by the Returns of Stamps issued from time to time by order of Parliament. The Stamps applied for the first six months of 1654 was upwards of 2,734,000 —showing a WEEKLY CIRCULATION of UPWARDS of ONE HUNDRED and THIRTY THOUSAND COPIES 1 _ Terms (for payment in advance)—Half -year, 13s. 6d. ; Year, 265. Any of the Volumes of the ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, from the commencement to the present time, may now be had, in paper or cloth. Covers for binding the Volumes, 2s. 6d. each. All Numbers may be sent free by post to any part of the kingdoni and the colonies. Give an order for six months, to Insure all the gratuitous Prints and Supplements. supplied by all booksellers and newsmen. The ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS is published in London overt' Saturday, stamped to go free by post, Sixpence per Copy. Office, 198, Straits], London. STRICTURE OF THE URETHRA. Just Published, price 55., by- post, free, ss. 6d., THE PATHOLOGY aid RATIONAL TREATMENT of STRICTURE of the URETHRA; witk numerous Cases illustrative of every variety of Urethral Obstruction, and their special Modes of Treatment and Cure. - • By F. B. COURTENAY, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. " We know of ns man to whose care we could with greater confi dence entrust the treatment of a seyere case of stricture of the ure thra."—Medi cal Circular. London : 11. Ballliere, 219, Regent-street. A.D. 1720. R OYAL EXCHANGE ASSURANCE CORPORATION, (Established by Charter of his Majesty George the First), , For SEA, FIRE, LIFE, and ANNUITIES. OFFICES—ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON. BRANCH OFFICE-29: PALL-MALL. Octavius Wigram, Esq., Governor. The Hon. J. T. Leslie Melville, Sub-Governor. George Pearkes Barclay, Esq., Deputy-Governor. DIRECTORS. Henry Bainbridge, Esq. Edmond S. P. Calvert, Esq. John Garrett Callley, Esq. Alexander Colvin, Esq. Edward Maxwell Daniel, Esq. William Davidson, Esq. Rlversdale Win. Grenfell, Esq. Robert Danbury, jun., Esq. Robert Amadeus Death, Esq. William Tallow Hibbert, Esq. James Stewart Tlvlgson, Esq. Lancelot Holland, Esq. MEDICAL REFEREE-9a Sir John Wm. Lubbock, Bart. Charles John Manning, Esq. Henry Nelson, Esq. Edward Howley Palmer, Esq. Sir John Henry Pelly, Bart. Abraham George Robarts, Esq. Charles Robinson, Esq. William Soltau, Esq. Joseph Some, Esq. Thomas Tooke, Esq. William Wallace, Esq. Charles Baring Young, Esq. tuel Soily, Esq., Notice.—The usual fifteen days allowed for payment of Fire Pre miums falliAg (Inc at Christmas will expire on the 9th of Jan nary. FIRE an I LIFE ASSURANCES may be effected with this Cor poration on advantageous terms. • The Assured are exempt from the liabilities of partnership, and payment of their claims is guaranteed by a large invested capital stock. in the Life Department, assurances are granted with participation In profits, or, at lower Premiums, without such participation. The Reversionary BONUS on Life Policies has avera,:ed 2 per Cent. per annum on the sum assured, or 46 per cent. on the Premiums paid. Any sum not excee ling 10,0001. may be assured en one Life. The Corporation bears the cost of Policy Stamps and Medical Fees, and requires no entrance-money. Tlie Assured are subject to no expense but the Premitnn. No extra charge is made for service in the militia. LOANS are granted on Life Pollees to their full va'ues. This Corporation affords all the advantaccs of modern practice, with the stability of an office safely constituted under Royal Charter and Special Acts of Parliament, and tested by the experience of nearly a century and a half. There is but one older life office In existence. ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON. JOHN A. HIGHAM; Actuary and Secretary. DB. CIILVERWELL ON NERVOUSNESS, DEBILITY,. AND INDIGESTION, Also, on Urinary Derangements, j;nsilpition, and Haemorrhoids, Is. each, by post Is. 6d. WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND ,AVOID. " Abstentia multi curantur morbi." A popular exposition of the principal causes (over and careless feeding, &c.) of the above harassing and distressing complaints, with an equally intelligible and popular exposition of how we should live to get rid of them ; to which is added, diet tables for every meal In the day, and full instructions for the regimen and observance of every hour out of the twenty-four. Illustrated by numerous cases, &c. - LIGHTS AND SITADES OF MARRIED LIFE. " He which that bath no wif, I hold him lost, Helpless, awl all devolat. Ile that hath no child, Like sun and winde."—Chsucer. Etubiect Ma u rriage, its expectations and Necessities—Development of the Affectioni 7 —Love Matches—Precipitate, impelled, and retarded Unions—Marital Incongruities--Mutual Unsuitableness—Mental Incompatibility and Physical Defectiveness—Advantages of Inter marriage—Theory of Gestation—Hereditary Resemblance—Mode of determining Legitimacy. On Infelicitous, Infertile, and all Unas similabie Alliances—Law of Divorce, &c., &c. 3. CaISTITY AND ITS INFRINGEMENTS. A Lecture to Young Men. " What passions hurt the body—what improve, Truths as relined as Athens ever heard." Subject : Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old age. The advent of the passions. Chastity and its infringemeat. The carialties of licentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, narrative, and remedlative. Advocacy of early marriages, See. On Secret Diseases, their Self-management and Cure. The GREEN BOOK.—A comprehensive and popular exposition of Bonito and urinary diseases—their nature and treatment, com prising especially primary and secondary symptoms, all forms of urinary derangements, stricture and spermatorrhosa; with 250 en gravings and prescriptions. The BLADDER, URETHRA, and RECTUM.—Comprising Urinary Derangerhents, Constipation, and Hmmorrhoids. Vole 6 and 7, companions to the preceding. THE ENJOYMENT OF LIFE. HOW TO BE HAPPY. " Jucunde Vivere." "Few words to fair faith "—Shakespere. Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row; Manh. 39, Cornhill ; or of DP. RICHARD CULVERWELL, - Brother, Successor, and Twenty Years Consulting Colleague of the late Author 01 the above, 10, Argyll-place, Regent-street„London, who may be qdvised with on the above matters daily, from Ten till Five, and in the evenings, fro& Seven till Nine. REPORT To THE RIGHT HON. SIR CHARLES WOOD, BART., M.P., &c. SIR, —We have attentively considered the sub ject about which you have done us the honour to consult us, and we now venture to submit to you the result of our deliberations. We do not think that we can more conveniently arrange the suggestions which we wish to offer than by following the order which is observed in the 39th and 40th Clause of the India Act of 1853. The first matter concerning which the Board of Control is empowered by the 39th Clause to make regulations is the age of the persons who are to be admitted into the College of llaileybury. The present rule is that no person can be ad mitted under 17, and that no person can go out to India after 23. Every student Must pass four terms—that is to say, 'two years at the College; consequently, none can be admitted after 21. It seems to us that it would be a great improve ment to all sw students to be admitted to the Col lege up to the age of 23, and to fix 25 as the latest age at which they can go out to India in the Ci vil Srvice. It is undoubtedly desirable that the civil servant of the Company should enter on his duties while still young ; but it is also desirable that he should have received the best, the most liberal, the most finished education that his native country affords. Such an education has been proved by experience to be the best preparation for every calling which requires the exercise of the higher powers of the mind ; nor will it be easy to show that such preparation is less desirable in the case of a civil servant of the East India Company than in the case of a professional man who remains in Eng land. Indeed, in the case of a civil servant of the Company, a good general education is even more desirable than in the case of the English professional man; for the duties even of a very young servant of the Company are more important than those which ordinarily fall to the lot of a profes sional man in England. In England, too, a pro fessional man may, while engaged in active busi ness, continue to improve his mind by means of reading and of conversation. But the servant of the Company is often stationed, during a large part of his life, at a great distance from libraries and from European society, and will therefore find it peculiarly difficult to supply by study in his ma ture years the deficiencies of his early training. The change which we propose will have one prac tical effect, to which we attach much importance. We think it desirable that a considerable number of the civil servants of the Company should be men who have taken the first degree in arts at Oxford or Cambridge. At present the line is drawn as if it had been expressly meant to exclude bachelors of those Universities. It will, we believe, be found that the great majority of our academic youth gra duate too late by a few months, and only by a few months, for admission into Haileybury. We propose to fix 18 as the lowest age at which a candidate can be admitted into the college. We are, indeed, of opinion that, except in very rare and extraordinary cases, it is not desirable that a lad should be admitted so early as 18. But we are convinced that, except in very rare and extraordi nary cases, no lad of 18 will have any chance of being admitted. Hitherto the admissions have been given by favour. They are henceforward to be gained bysuperiority in intellectual competition. While they were given by favour, they were fre quently, indeed generally, given to persons whose age was not' much above the minimum. A director would naturally wish his son or nephew to be hand somely provided for at 19, rather than at 23, and to be able to return to England with a competence at 44 rather than at4B. A majority of the studentshave, therefore, been admitted before they were 19, and have gone out before they,were 21. But it is plain that, in any intellectual competition, boys of 18 must be borne down by men of 21 or 22. We may, therefore, we believe, safely predict that nine tenths of those who are admitted to the College under the new system will bo older than nine-tenths of those who quit it under the present system. We hope and believe that among the successful competitors will frequently be young men who have obtanied the highest honours of Oxford and Cambridge. To many such young men a fellow ship, or a tutorship,. which must be held on condi tion of,celibacy, will appoat less attractive than a situation' which enables'the person . who holds it to marry at an early age. The India Act next empowers the Board of Con trol to, determine the qualificationS of the candi dates for admission to Haileybury. It seems to us to bo proper that every person who intends to bo candidate should, at least six weeks before the ex amination, notify his intention to the Board of Control, and should at the same time transmit a list of the subjects in which he proposes to be ex amined, in order that there may be time to provide a sufficient number of 'examiners in each depart ment. He should, at the same time, lay before the board testimonials certifying that his moral character is good. Whether the testimonials be or be•not satisfactory, is a point which we conceive may safely be left to the determination of the board. The board is then authorised by the act to make regulations prescribing the branches in which the candidates for admission to Haileybury shall be examined. Here arises at once a question of the ravest importance. Ought the examination to be confined to those branches of knowledge to which it is desirable that English gentlemen who mean to remain at home should pay attention ? or ought it to extend to branches of knowledge which are use ful to a servant of the East India Company, but useless, or almost useless, to a person whose life is to be passed in Europe ? Our opinion is, that the examination ought to be confined to those branches of knowledge to which it is desirable that English gentlemen who mean to remain at home should pay some attention. It is with much diffidence .that we venture to. predict the effect of the new system, but we think we can hardly be mistaken in believing that the in troduction of that system will be an event scarcely lessimportant to this country than to India. The educated youth of the United Kingdom are hence forth to be invited to engage in a competition in which about 40 prizes Will, on an average, be gained every year. Every one of these prizes is nothing less than an honourable social position and a comfortable independence for life. It is difficult to estimate the effect which theprospect of prizes so numerous and so attractive will produce. We are, however, familiar with some facts which may assist our conjectures. At Trinity College, the largest and wealthiest of the colleges of Cambridge, about four fellowships are given annually by competition. These fellow ships can be held only on condition of celibacy, and the income derived from them is a very moderate 'one for a single man. It is notorious that the exa minations for Trinity Fellowships have, directly and indirectly, done much to give a direction to the studies of Cambridge,,and of all the numerous schools which are the feeders of Cambridge. What then is likely to be the elect of a competition for prizes which will be ten times as numerous as the Trinity Fellowships, and of which each will be more valuable than a Trinity Fellowship ? We are in clined to think that the examinations for situations in the civil service of the East India Company will produce an effect which will be felt in every seat of learning throughout the realm--at Oxford and Cambridge, at the University of London and the University of Durham, at Edinburgh and Glasgow, at Dublin, at Cork, and at Belfast. The number of candidateswill doubtless be much greater than the number of vacancies. It will not surprise us if the ordinary number examined should be three or lour hundred. ' The great majority, and among them many young men of excellent abilities and laudable industry, must be unsuccessful. If, therefore, branches of knowledge specially Oriental should be among the subjects of examination, it is probable that a considerable number of the most hopeful youths in the country will be induced to waste much time, at that period of life at which time is most precious, in studies which will never, in any conceivable case, be of the smallest use to them. We think it most desirable that the exami nation should be of such a nature that no candidate who may fail shall, to whatever calling he may betake himself, have any reason to regret the time and labour which he spent in preparing himseleto be examined. . Nor do we think that we should render any ser vice to India by inducing her future rulers to neglect in their earlier years European literature and science for studies specially Indian. We believe that men who have been engaged up to 21 or 22 in studies which have no- immediate connexion with the business of any profession, and of which the effect is merely to open, to invigorate, and to enrich the mind, will generally be found, in the business of every profession, superior to men who have, at 18 or 19, devoted themselves to the special studies of their galling. The most illustrious English jurists have been men who have never opened a lawbook till after the close of a distinguished academical career ; nor is there any reason to suppose that they would have been greater lawyers if they had passed in drawing pleas aad conveyances the time which they gave to Thucydides, to Cicero, and to Newton. The duties of a civil servant of the East India Company are of so high a nature that in his case it is peculiarly desirable that an excellent genaral education, such as may. enlarge and strengthen his understanding, should precede the special education which must qualify him to de spatch the business of his cutcherry. It therefore seems to us quite clear that those vernacular Indian languages, which are of no value, except for the purpose of commu nicating with natives of India, ought not to be subjects of examination. But we are inclined, though with much. distrust of our own judgment, to think that a distinction may properly be made between the vernacular languages, and two languages which may be called the classical lan guages of India, the Sanscrit and the Arabic. These classical languages are by no means without intrin sic value in the eyes both of philologists and of men of taste. The Sanscrit is the great parent stock from which most of the vernacular languages of India are derived, and stands to them in a relation similar to that in which the Latin stands to the French, the Italian, the Spanish, and the Portu guese. The Arabic has contributed, though not in the same degree with Sanscrit, to the forma tion of the vocabularies of India; and it is the, source from which all the Mahoinetan nations draw their religion, their jurisprudence, and- their science. These two langu ages are already studied by a few young men at the great English seats of learn ing. They can be learned as well here as in the edst, and are not likely to be studied ih the East unless some attention has been paid to thbm here. It will, we apprehend, very seldom hatkop that a candidate ; will offer b rh u i t, a m se s su iffo c r h examin Sanserit or in Arabic; instaucts may occ ur, we think it expedient to include those languages in the list of subjects. As to the other subjects we speak with more con fidence. Foremost amongst those subjects we place our own language and literature. One or more themes for English composition ought to be pro posed. Two papers of questions ought to be set. One of those papers should be so framed as to enable the candidates to show their knowledge of the history and constitution of our country ; the other ought to be so framed as to enable them to show the extent of their knowledge of our poets, wits, and philosophers. In the two great ancient languages there ought to be an examination not less severe than those exa minations by which the highest classical distinc tions are awarded at Oxford and Cambridge. At least three passages from Latin writers ought to bo set, to be translated into English. Subjects should be proposed for original composition, both in Latin verse and Latin prose ; and passages of English verse and prose should be set, to be turned into Latin. At least six passages from Greek wri-: tera should be set, to be translated. nto English. Of these passages, one should be taken from the Homeric poems, one from some historian of the best age, one from some philosopher of the best - age, one from some Attic orator, and at least one from the Attic drama. The candidates ought to have a full opportunity of exhibiting their skill in translating both English prose and English verse into Greek ; and there should be a paper of ques tions which would enable thana to show their know ledge of ancient history, both political and literary. We think that three of the modern languages of the continent, the French, the Italian, and the German, ought to be among the subjects of exami nation. Several passages in every one of those lan guages should be set, .to be turned into English passages taken from English writers should be set, to be turned into French, Italian, and German ; and papers of questions should be framed which would enable a candidate to show his knowledge of the civil and literary history of France, Italy, and Germany. - The examination in pure and mixed mathematics ought to be of such a nature as to enable the judges to place in proper order all the candidates, from those who have never gone beyond Euclid's Ele ments and the first part of algebra up to those who possess the highest acquirenaents. We think it important, however, that not only the acquirements but also the mental powers and resources of the com petitors should be brought to the test. With this view the examination papers should contain a due proportion of criginal problems and of questions ealeula.ted to ascertain winither the principles of inatherna.ticat science aro tliorut.gniy understood. I (1 those eminent men who have lately been modera tors be in detailsth the University will v probably be best arranged by some Cambridge, and who know yo by experience how to conduct the examinations of large numbers of persons simultaneously. It must, however, bo borne in mind that the;exteut and di rection ofi mathematical reading, especially in the higher branches, differ greatly at the different uni versities of the united kingdom. The mathema tical examination for the Indian service must, thetefore, in order to do justice to all candidates, embrace a wider range of questions than is usual at Cambridge, Oxford, or Dublin. Of late years some natural sciences which do not fall under the head of mixed mathematics, and es pecially chemistry, geology, mineralogy, botany, and zoology, have been introduced as a part of general education into several of our universities and colleges. There may be some practical diffi culty in arranging the details of an examination in these sciences, but it is a difficulty which has, we believe, been at some seats of learning already overcome. We have no hesitation in recommend ing that there should be at least one paper of ques tions relating to these branches of knowledge. ' We propose to include the moral sciences in the scheme of examination. Those sciences are, it is well known, much studied both at Oxford and at the Scottish Universities. Whether this study shall have to do with mere words or things, whether it shall degenerate into a formal and scholastic pe dantry,lor shall train the mind for the highest pur poses of active life, will depend, to a great extent, on the way in which the examination is conducted. We are of opinion that the examination should be conducted in the freest manner, that mere techni calities should be avoided, and that 'the candidate should not be confined to any . particular system. The 'subjects which fall under this head arethe ele ments of moral and political philosophy, the history of the ancient and modern schools of moral and poli tical philosophy, the science of logic, and the in ductive .method, of which the Novum Organum, is the great text-book. The object of the examiners should be rather to put to the test the candidate's powers of mind than to ascertain the extent of his metaphysical reading. The whole examination ought, we think, to be carried on by means of written papers. The candi dates ought not to be allowed the help of any book; nor ought they, after once a subject for composition has been proposed to them, or a paper of questions placed before them, to leave the place of examina tion till they have finished their work. It is, of course, not to be expected that any man of 22 will have made considerable proficiency in all the subjects of examination. An excellent mathe matician will often haVe little Greek, and an excel lent Greek scholar will be entirely ignorant of French and Italian. Nothing can be further from our wish than to hold out premiums -for know ledge of wide surface and of small depth. We are of opinion that a candidate ought to be allowed no credit at all for taking up a subject in which he is a mere smatterer. Profound and accurate ac quaintance with a single language ought to tell more than bad translations and themes in six languages. A single paper which shows that the writer thoroughly understands the principles of the differential calculus ought to tell 'more than 20 superficial and incorrect answers to questions about chemistry, botany, mineralogy, metaphysics, logic, and English history. It will be necessary that a certain number of marks should be assigned to each subject, and that the place of a candidate should be determined by the sum total of the marks which he has gained. The marks ought, wo conceive, to be distributed among the subjects of examination in such a manner that no part of the kingdom, and no class of schools, shall exclusively furnish servants to the East India Company. It would be, grossly unjust, for example, to the great academical institutions of England, not to allow skill in Greek and Latin versification to have a considerable share in deter mining the issue of the competition. Skill in Greek and Latin versification has, indeed, no direct tendency to form a judge, a financier, or a diploma tist. But the youth who does best what all the ablest and ni os t am biti ous youths abo u t hi m are trying to d o we ll w ill generally prove a supe rior man ; nor can we doubt that an accomplish ment by which Fox and Canning, Grenville and Wellesley, Mansfield and Tenterden, first dis- I tinguished themselves above their fellows, indi cates powers of mind, which, properly trained and directed, may do groat service to the State. On the other hand, we must remember that in the north of this island the art of metrical composition in the ancient languages is very little cultivated, and that men so eminent as Dugald Stewart, Homer, Jef frey., and Mackintosh would probably have been quite unable to write a good copy of Latin alcaics, English language and literature : Composition ... ... .. History ... - ... ... General literature ... .. G reek Latin French German Italian... Mathematics pure and mixed Natural sciences Moral sciences ... San scrit Arabic ... 1,500 750 750 375 . 275 . 1000 . .500 • 500 ... 375 ... 375 6,875 It seems to us probable that of the 6,875 marks, which are the maximum, no candidate, will ever obtain half. A candidate who is at once a distin guished classical scholar and a distinguished mathe matician will be, as he ought to be, certain of suc cess. A classical scholar who is no mathematician or a mathematician who is no classical scholar, will be certain of success if he is well read in the history and literature of. his own Country:. A young man who has scarcely any knowledge of mathematics, little Latin, and na Greek, may pass such an ex amination in English, French, Italian,' German, geology, and chemistry that he may stand at the head of the list. _ _ _ It can scarcely be necessary for us to add that no expense ought to be grudged which may be necessary to secure the services of the ablest ex aminers in every branch of learning. Experience justifies us in pronouncing with entire confidence that, if the examiners be well chosen, it is utterly impossible that the delusive show of knowledge which is the effect of, the process popularly called cramming can ever be successful against real learn ing and ability. Whether the examinations. ought to be held half yearly or annually is a question which cannot, we think, be satisfactorily determined till after the first experiment has been made. When the result of the examination has been de clared the successful candidates will not yet be civil servants of the East India Company,'but only civil servants elect. It appears from the 40th clause of the act to be the intention of the Legislature, that before they proceed to the East there should be a period of probation and a second examina tion. In what studies, then, ought the period of pro bation to be passed ? And what ought to be the nature of the second examination ? It seems to us that, from the moment at which the successful candidates, whom we will now call probationers, have been set apart as persons who will, in all probability, have to bear a part in the government of India, they should give their whole minds to the duties of their new position. They must now be considered as having finished their general education, and as having finished it with honour. Their serious studies must hence forth be such as have a special tendency to fit them for their calling. Of the special knowledge whioh a civil servant of the company ought to possess, much" can be ao quired only in India, and much may be acquired far more easily in India than in England. It would evidently be a mere waste of time to employ a month here in learning what may be better learnt in a week at Calcutta or Madras. But there are some kinds Of knowledge whiCh are not considered as essential parts of the liberal education of our youth ' but which it . is most important that a civil servant of the company should possess, and which he may acquire in England not less easily than in India. We conceive that every proba tioner ought during the interval between his first and his second examination to apply himself vigorously to the acquiring of these kinds of knowledge. The subjects of thoie now studies, will, we apprehend, bo found to range themselves under four heads. He should, in the first place make himself well acquainted with the history of India, in the largest sense of the word history.' He should study that history, not merely in the works of Orme, Wilks, and of Mill, but also in the travels of Bernier, in the odes of Sir William Jones, and in the journals of Heber. Ho should be well on n sh d ea moral iri tel iiqualitiesoann religions abouthi fi have so powerful an influence on the population. informed about the geography of the country, fact ur e ci s i ft a rne b en o z tuat racesatl r e it p e sNi wh ys lo s ) about its natural productions, about its rnanu tthhee doctrines li f eeahl th ai He should trace with peculiar care the progress of the British power. He should understand the constitution of our Government, and the nature of the relations between that Government and its vassals, Mussulman, Mahratta, and Rajpoot. He should consult the most important Parliamentary reports and debates on Indian affairs. All this may bo done with very much greater facility in England than in India, except at the three seats of Government, if, indeed, the three seats of Govern ment ought to be excepted. 2. It seems to 3 us to be desirable that every probationer should bestow some attention on the general prindiples of jurisprvdence. The great ma jority of the civil servants of the East India'Com pany are employed in the administration of justice. A. large proportion of them are judges ; and some of the most important functions of the collectors are strictly judicial. That the general principles of jurisprudence may be studied here with more ad vantage than in India will be universally acknow ledged. 3. We think that every probationer ought to prepare himself for the discharge of his duties by paying some attention to financial and commercial science. He should understand the mode of keep ing and checking accounts, the principles of bank ing, the laws which regulate the exchanges, the nature of public debts, funded and unfunded, and the effect produced by different systems of taxation on the prosperity of nations. We would by no means require him to subscribe any article of faith touching any controverted point in the science of political economy ; but it is not too much to expect that he will make himself acquainted with those treatises on political economy which have become standard works. These studies can undoubtedly be prosecuted with more advantage in England than in India. • 4. We think that the study of the vernacular languages of India may with great advantage be be gun in England. It is, indeed, only by intercourse with the native population that an Englishman can acquire the power of talking Bengalee or Telugu with fluency. But familiarity with the Bengalee or Telugu alphabet, skill in tracing the Bengalee or Telugu character, and knowledge of the Bengalee or Telugu grammar, may be acquired as quickly in this country as in the East. Nay, we are inclined' to believe that an English student will, at his first in troduction to an Indian language, make more rapid progress under good English teachers than under pundits,, to whom he is often unable to explain his difficulties. We are, therefore, of opinion that every probationer should acquire in this country an elementary knowledge of at least one Indian language. If this recommendation be adopted, it will be desirable that the probationers should, immediately after the first examination, be distributed among the presidencies. It will, indeed, be desirable that the division of 'the Bengal civil service into two parts, one destined far the upper and the other for the lower provinces, should be made here at the ear liest possible moment, instead of being made, as it now is, at Calcutta. In what manner the distribution of civil ser vants among the presidencies ought henceforth to be made is a question which, though it has been re ferred to us, is yet so closely connected with the questions which have been referred to us, that 'we have been forced to take it into consideration. We are disposed to think that it might be advisable to allow the probationers, according to the order in which they stand at the first examination, to choose shh th e ir' presidencies. The only objection to this arrangement it ed to s, hat, as at be the the the Presi re denc on which y of the ic enal is Y suppo of a civil servant may be most advantage gaobeunisileiytriaedislisplayed, all the most distinguished young men would choose Bengal, and would leave Madras and Bombay to those who stood at the bottom of the list. We admit that this would be an evil, but it would be an evil which must, we conceive, speedily cure itself ; for as soon as it becomes noto rious that the ablest men in the civil service are all collected in one part of India, and are there stopping each other's way, a probationer who is free to make his choice will prefer some other part of Indialwhere,though the prima may be a little less at- tractive,the competition willibe much less formidable. If,however,it should bethought inexpedient to allow the probationers to choose their own presidencies in the manner which we have suggested, it seems to us that the best course would be to make the dis tribution by lot. We are satisfied that, if the dis tribution be made arbitrarily, either by the direc tors, or by her Majesty's Minister for Indian Affairs, it will be viewed with much suspicion and will excite much inurinuring. At present nobody complains of the distribution. A gentleman who has obtained a Bombay writership for his son is delighted and thankful. It may not bn quite so acceptable as a Bengal writership would have b. et", but it is a free gift - , it is a most valuable livour and it would be the most odious ingratitude to re• pine because it is not more valuable still. Hence, forth, an appointment to the Civil Service of the Company will not be a matter of favour, but matter of right. He who obtains suzi, an appoint ment will owe it solely to his own abilities and in dustry. If, therefore, the Court of Directors or the Board of Control should send him to Bombay when lie wishes to be sent to Bengal, and should send to Bengal young men who in the examination stood far below him, he will naturally think him self injured. His family and friends will espouse his quarrel. A cry will be raised that one man is favoured because he is related to the ohairman, and another because he is befriended by a member of ParliaMent who votes with the Government. It seems to us, therefore, advisable that the distribu tion of the civil servants among the presidencies, if it cannot be made the means of rewarding merit, should;be left to chance. After .the allotment, of course' any two probationers should be at liberty to mare an exchange by consenL 'But,' in • whatever_ manner the distribution may be made, it ought to be made as soon as the issue of the first examination is decided, for, till the distri bution is made, it will be impossible for any proba tioner to know what vernacular language of India it would be most expedient for him to study.. The Hin dostanee, indeed, will be valuable to him wherever he may be stationed, but no other living language is speken over one-third of India. Tamul would be as useless in Bengal, and Bengalee would be as useless, at Agra as Welsh in Portugal. We should recommend that every probationer, for whatever presidency he may be destined, should be perinitted to choose "Hindostanee as the lan guage in which he will pass. A probationer who is to reside is the lower provinces of the Bengal presidency should be allowed to choose either Hin dostanee or Bengalee. A probationer who is to go to the upper provinces should be allowed to choose among Hindostanee, Hindee, and Persian. A pro bationer who is to gO to Madras shoUld be allowed to choose among Hindostanee, Telugu, and Tamul. A probationer who is to go to Bombay should be allowed to choose among Hindostanee, Mahratta, and Guzeratee. _ It is probable that some probationers who have a peculiar talent for learning languages will study more than one of the dialects among which they are allowed to make their choice. Indeed, it is not improbable that some who take an interest in philology will apply themselves voluntarily to the Sanscrit and the Arabic. It will hereafter be seen that, though we require as the indispensable condi tion of passing only an elementary knowledge of one of the vernacular tongues of India, we propose to give encouragement to those students who aspire to be eminent orientalists. The four studies, then, to which, in our opinion, the probationers ought to devote themselves dur ing the period of probation, are, first, Indian his tory • secondly, the science of jurisprudence ; thirdly, commercial and financial science ; and, fourthly, the oriental tongues. The time of probation ought not, we think, to be less than one year, nor more than two years. There should be periodical examinations, at which a probationer of a year's standing may pass, if he can, and at which every probationer of two years' standing must pass, on pain of forfeiting his appointment. This examination should, of course, be in the four branches of knowledge already men tioned as those to which the attention of the pro bationers ought to be specially directed. Marks should be assigned to the different subjects, as at the first examinat'on, and it seems to us reason able .that an equal number of marks should be assigned to a/1 :the four su *Jets, on the supposi tion ;that each probationer is examined in only one .of the.vernae,;,darlauguages of India. Sometimes, however, as we have said, a probationer may study inure than one of these vernacular languages of In 1k among which he is at liberty to make his choice, or may, in addition to ono or more of the vernacular languages of India, learn Sanscrit ur Arabic. We think it reasonable that to every language in which ho offers himsolf for examina tion an equal number of marks should be assigned. When the marks have been cast up, the proba- tioners who have been examined should be arranged in order of merit. All those who have been two years probationers, and who have, in the opinion of the examiners, used their time well, and made a respectable proficiency, should be declared civil servants of the company. Every probationer who, having been a probationer only one year, has ob tained a higher place than some of the two-year men who have passed, should also be declared a civil servant of the Company. All the civil servants who pass in one year should take rank in the service according to their places in the final examination. Thus a salutary emulation will be kept up to the last moment. It ought to he observed, that the precedency which we propose to give to merit will not be merely honorary, but will be attended by very solid advantages. It is in order of seniority that the members of the civil service succeed to those annuities to which they are all looking for ward, and it may depend on the manner in which a young man acquits himself at his final exami nation, whether he shall remain in India till he is past 50, or shall be able to return to England at 47 or 48. The instances in which persons who have been suc cessful in the first examination will fail in the final examination, will, we hope and believe, be very few. We hope and believe, also, that it will very rarely be necessary to expel any probationer from the service on account of grossly profligate habits, or of any action unbecoming a man of honour. The probationers will be young men su perior to their fellows in science and literature ; and it is not among young men superior to their fellows in science and literature that scandalous immorality is generally found to prevail. It is notoriously not once in twenty years /that a stu dent who has attained high academical distinction is expelled from Oxford or Cambridge. Indeed, early superiority in science and literature generally indicates the existence of some qualities which are securities against vice—industry, self-denial, ataste for pleasures not sensual, a laudable desire of honourable distinction, a still more laudable desire to obtain the approbation of friends and relations. We therefore believe that the intellectual test which is about to be established will be found in practice to be also the best moral test that can be devised. One important question still remains to be con sidered. Where are the probationers to study ? Are they all to study at Haileybury ? Is it to be left to themselves to decide whether they will study at Haileybury or elsewhere ? Or will the Board of Control reserve to itself the power of determining which of them will study at Haileybury, and which of them shall be at liberty to study elsewhere ? That the college of Haileybury is to be kept up is clearlyimplied in the terms of the 37th and 39th Clauses of the India Act. That the Board of Control may make regulations which would admit into the civil service persons who have not studied at Haileybury, is as clearly implied in the terms of the 40th and 41st Clauses. Whether the law ought to be altered is a question on which we do not presume to give an opinion. On the supposi tion that the law is to remain unaltered, we ven ture to offer some suggestions which appear to us I to be important. There must be, we apprehend, a complete change in the discipline of the College. Almost all the present students are under 20 ; almost all the new students will be above 21. The present students have gone to Haileybury from schools where they have been treated as boys. The new students will generally go thither from universities, where they have been accustomed to enjoy the liberty of mon. It will therefore be absolutely and neces sary that the regulations of the College should b e altered, that the probationers should be subject to n o more severe restraint than is impos ed on a Bachelor of Arts at Cambridge or Oxford. There must be an extensive change in the build inns of the College. At present each student has a single small chamber, which is at once his parlour and bedroom. It will b e impassible to expect men of 22 or 23, who have long been accustomed to be lodged in a very different manner, to be content with such accommodation. There must be a great change in the system of study. At present the students generally go to Haileybury before they have completed their ge neral education. Their general ed uca tiou and their special education, therefore, go on together. ' Henceforth, 'the students must be considered as men whose general education. has been finished, and finished with great success. Greek, Latin, and mathematics will no longer be parts of the course of study. The whole education will be special, and ought, in some departments; to be o f a different kind from that which has hitherto b een given. We are far, indeed, from wishing to detract from the merit of those professors—all of them highly respectable and some of them most eminent—who have taught law and political economy at Halley bury. But it is evident that a course of lectures on law or political economy, given to boys of 18, who have been selected merely by favour, must be a very different thing from a course of lectures on law or political economy given to men of 23, who have been selected on account of their superior abilities and attainments. As respects law, indeed, we doubt whether the most skilful instructor will be able, at Haileybury, to impart to his pupils that kind of knowledge which it is most desirable that they should acquire. Some, at least, of the proba tioners ought, we conceive, not merely tv attend lectures, and to read well-chosen books on juris prudence, b ut to see t h e ac t ua l worki ng o f th e ma chineiy by whi c h j us tice is administered. • They_ ought to hear legal questions in which great princi ples are involved' argued by the ablest counsel and decided by the highest Courts in the realm. They ought to draw up report s of the arguments both of the advocates and of the judges. They ought to attend both civil and criminal trials, and to take notes of the evidence, and of the discussions and decisions respecting the evidence. It might be particularly desirable that they should attend the sittings of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council when important appeals front India are under the consideration of that tribunal. A pro bationer, while thus employed, should regularly submit his notes of arguments and of evidence t o his legal instructor for correction. Such a traini ng as this would, we are inclined to think, be an cellent preparation for official life in India ; and w e must leave it to the Board of Control to consider whether any plan can be devised by which .such training can be made compatible with residence at Haileybury.—We have the honour to be, sir, your obedient servants, " T. B. MACIVLLY. " ASHBURTON. " H. MELVILL. " B. JOWETT. " J. G. S. LEFEVRE. " Nov., 1854." THE MISSION OF M. TON USED OM. (From the Tines.) If the objects of M. von Usedom's mission to this country were confined to the transmission of certain communications from the Court of Berlin to the West ern Powers, in the hope of inducing them to enter into separate engagements with Prussia, or of limiting the extent of the resolutions in which Austria has already concurred, a very short time would probably suffice to satisfy the Prussian emissary, who is an intelligent man, that he could hardly hay e arrived at a less fortunate moment for the King's purpose. We suspect, however, that this gentleman is the bearer of no such instruc• tions, and that in visiting England he merely brings an autograph letter to the Queen, and is desired to observe the real state of affairs. Prussia has already placed herself so far in the rear of the policy of the other Great Powers of Europe, that she has no elaim to be heard on the present state of these questions until she has adopted the principles which now form the basis of the Triple Alliance of England, France, and Austria ; and there is not the slightest disposition on the part of any of these Powers to suspend the operations or the political measures they would otherwise take in order to suit the convenience of a Court which has shown so little disposition to carry on its former engagements to their legitimate consequences. The effect of M. von Usedom's mission in this country and in France will therefore be absolutely null and void ; and the journey of Colonel von Manteuffel to Vienna will probably be equally bootless. Nevertheless there is one point of view in which these missions may perchance be productive of some benefit to the eammon cause. M. von Usedom is a man of independent character and position, attached to the Parliamentary party, and favourable to the poliey of the Western Powers ; he took his instructions for this mis sion, not from the Government, who justly regard him as a sincere and formidable opponent, but from the King, who has confidence in his fidelity and discernment. It is, moreover, no slight triumph of the political views so long and so ably represented in this country by Che valier Bunsen that, en the first emergency, Prussia sends to England a man who is known to have been reared in the same liberal faith, and to be as steadily attached to the same cause. For these reasons M. von Usedom has been received in this country with a degree of confidence which few other diplomatic agents of Prussia could have obtained. Upon his return he will therefore have an opportunity of informing the mind of the King on some points which have hitherto been entirely obscure and impenetrable to the royal perceptions. He will tell his Majesty that this war is waged by the whole British nation, without distinction of parties, because we believe it to be a war for the defence of right, for the chastise ment of wrong, and for the.Enfety LI Europe. Ho will assure him that, although we have no secret objects or sinister motives in conducting this war t the Queen of England and her people will never content with less I ban the objects and securities they have pledged them ,elves to obtain. He will add that, although the losses already sustained by ushave been severe, and are severely felt by the whole community in this country, yet that there lives not in this land a man so base as to set his private .rarrrifices er plivate griefs against the call of public duty ; and he may wind up his report by an intimation :hat the remtne , s of the c iuntry to carry on the war against Russia is not greater than their astonishment that the Government of Prussia should occupy a position 30 unworthy of the successor of Frederick the Great, and of the people whom Mr. Cobden terms " the brain of Germany." It matters little what M. von Usedom may have to say here, for the Allied Governments have already con tracted reciprocal engagements, and have a systematic policy of their own. But the result of this mission may not be unfelt at Berlin, where the Government is under no engagements to any one, and has, as yet, no policy. In speaking of the Government of Prussia, we mean at present that cabal of time-serving Ministers and influen tial chamberlains who have mainly contributed to place their country in its present situation, because they have the interests of a foreign Power more nearly at heart than those of Germany and of Prussia. The King is, after all, a well-meaning man, anxious to be well with all the world—as good a talker and as learned a King as our James 1., and almost as brave. We wish him well, for we wish him better Ministers and truer friends. But with the Gerlachs, and Groebens, and Manteuffels, we know no peace. They are the heads or the instru ments of a party which must be eradicated from the soil before the King of Prussia can be the ruler of an inde pendent realm, and of a proud and contented people. The confidence placed in these men by the Emperor of Russia, who knows that, as long as they have the power, they will hold the north of Germany in check, is one of the principal causes of the war, for it en courages the enemy to rely on their assistance, as the declaration made the other day by M. de Gerlach in the Diet showed that amity with Russia is the basis of their policy. The King, we are ready to believe, is less in. different to the good opinion and goodwill of this country. He shares our religious faith, he is attached to the English Royal family, and in happier tithes he culti vated our alliance. We have done nothing to forfeit his regard, but the sycophants about him have continued to alienate him from his best friends, and it must be by his own actions alone that he can regain the sympathy which is now interrupted. Among the delusions prevalent in Berlin as to the present state of feeling in the other capitals of Europe, there seems to be a notion in certain quarters that by holding out long enough from the general alliance Prus sia will obtain her own terms, and will induce the other Powers to bid for her support by some important con cessions to her own particular advantage. Thus, it is already hinted that if we could be induced to promote ,her views in the abolition of the Sound dues, which are the security for a public debt held to a large extent is this country ; or if we would re-open the Danish nego tiation of 1852, to which she gave so reluctant an assent, or consent 4o detach Holstein from the Danish ' monarchy, Prussia might be induced to lend a more favourable ear to the proposals of the Western Powers. We really hope that these insinuations are made with out sufficient authority, for if anything could increase the unfavourable impression which the conduct of the Prussian Government has produced abroad, it would be' the conviction that the Cabinet of Berlin is speculating on the calamities of Europe to promote its private ob. jects. If her duty to Germany and to Rump° doe s not _ speak high enough to prescribe the cour se she ought t• pursue, it would be vain for us to solicit her "active co operationA.slonginasthteh e co K m i m n goniscsauurrose'u' onndeadnybyothhriesrapltrleerinsut aa p. ro;visers this co-operation is impossible, fo knows that no communicatio n can be ma d •t o the Court of Berlin which is not immediately transmitted to St. Petersburg for the i n f orma ti r o hu n asds o ia f par t ea h pr e amr e ye a do a na r. To such scheme of lengths has this treach er y been carried that when General with a view t o the eastern the possibilityof frontierßn military i n,a osfMinistereoperations kingdom, f o o f r W the a a future war with Russia, this secret paper, of which , ; , - only three copies were in existence, was conveyed to the Emperor of Russia, and the person who committed this act of treason to his country , as we must call it , was either a great officer of stat e or a mem b er o f the King's own family. After such an occurrence as that, it ,is im possible , that foreign Governments mould enter into confidential negotiations with a Court in which the avowed p rrtisans of the common enemy still exercise an ' undisguised ascendancy ; and the first condition of the restoration of Prussia to the position she has relinquished , will be the formation of a Government in that country not Identified with the cause to which we are opposed. The King of Prussia peremptorily declines to adhere to the treaty of the 2.,1 of December, because he thinks it beneath his dignity to follow in the track of the three other Powers. But is it more consistent with his dignity to be put aside altogether in the greatest struggle which - Europe has witnessed since 1315, or to be represented by ministers whose fidelity to the interests of %Ink uis dubious and discredited The treaty con celoudnety d r by Austria with the Western Powers has already had the effect of demonstrating to the King of 1)-ussia that in his present position he cannot remain,lnd we trust the mission of M. Von Usedom to this conntryii a step towards a more definite and trustworthy- 'alley,