The Sun. — London, England, 1864-06-30 00:00:00

Next week will be published in Svo, with Maps, WHAT LED TO THE DISCOV.EitY OF THE SOURCE OF THE NILE. By JOHN HANNING SPEKE, Captain H.M. Indian Army, Author of "Journal of the Discovery of the Source of the Nile." W. Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London. This day is published, THE SCOT ABROAD, By JOHN HILL BURTON, Aut .or of "The Book Hunter." n Two Volumes, Crown Svo, 15s. g. Blackwocd and Sons, Edinburgh and London. 110 AYL ITALIAN OPERA, Covent-garden. 'The mbility, C entry, subscribers, and the public are respect- Way informed that the season will dose on aaturday, July 30. There will in this week be five opera nights, viz.. Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, Friday, and ~atErday. Extra IS ig-ht. THIS EVENING (THURSDAY), June the 30th, will be performed. Meverbeer's Grand Opera, in four acts , LE irROPHETE. 'Fides, Madame Didiee, her first appearance in that character this season ; Bertha, Madame Rudersdorff ; Count °bertha?, Signor Tazliafico ; Zaccaria, Si g nor Capponi ; 3Vathtsen, Polonini ; Giona, Signor Neri-Baraldi; and Jean of Leyden, Signor Tamberlik, his first appearance in that character this season. _ . Conductor, Mr. Costa. Te Grand Skating Scene and incidental Divertissement will be supported by Md le. Salvoni, Aldlie. Carmine, Mdlle. Navarre, and M. Desplaces. Commence at half past Eight. - - Pit tickets, 7s. ; amphitheatre eta Is, lOs. 6d., 75., and ss. ; amphitheatre42s. 6d. Boxes, stalls, and tickets may be had at the box-office under the portico of the theatre, which is )pen from ten to five, and at the principal musicsellus' and Vorartans'. • T HEATRE ROYAL HAYMARKET. — Sole Leseee and Manager, Mr, Buck-stone. THIS EVENING-, THE BALANCE OF COMFORT Mr. Howe and Miss L. Angel. After which, DAVID GARRICK'. Messrs. Sofhern, Chippendale, Buckstone, Rogers, Clark, Weatheraby, etc.; Mesdames Snowden, Nelly Moore, Fitzwilliam. Followed by LORD DUNDREARY MAB.RIED AND DONE FOR. To conclude with TURNING TUE TABLES. Mr. Compton, Mr. Howe, &c. Commence at 7• RON AI. PRINCESS'S THEATRE.- Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining. THIS EVENING will be performed a new and original Drama, by R. Slous, Esq., entitled LIGHT AND SHADOW. Mr. D. Murray, D. Fisher, J. W. Ray, J. Nelson, &e.; Miss E•tafford and mass Caroline Carscu. After which, the new pray by John Oxenford, Esq., THE MONASTERY OF S I'. JI;Sr Messrs. Vining, H. Mars ton, J. Nelson, J. W. Ray, H. Mellon, W. Robins, C. Seyton, Chapman ; Mrs. H. Walston, and 3ldlle. Stella Colas. NIEW THEATRE-RU YAL, ADELPHI.-- Silo Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, SHAKSPERE'S HOUSE. Mr. J. L. Toole, Mr. R. Phillips. Followed by THE DEAD HEART : Robert Landry (his original character), Mr. Benjamin Webster, o-uppo. ted by Messrs. A. f.tirling, J. L. Toole, T. Stuart, eaul Bedford, B.lling,ton ; Miss Woolgar (Mrs. Allred Mellon), Miss Kelly, :c. After which, TaE AREA BELLE, with a tiorrible Tale: Messrs. J. L. Toole, P. Bedford, it. .I.:omerMiss Woolgar, and Mrs. H. Lewis. Commence at 7. R OYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE. under the Management of Mr. B. WEBSTER. Crowded with rank and fashion. 11c , engagement of those ce ebraced and popular artistes, Mr an Mrs. Charles Mathews, Amongst the artists enraged will be found the popular names or Mr. Benjamin Webster, Mr. Charles Mathews. Mr. Frank Matthews, Mr. J. L. Toole. Mr. J. Clarke, Mr. Paul Bedford, Mr. F. Robinson, Mr. Ashley, Mr. J. Johnstone; Miss Herbert, Mrs. Frank Matthews, Miss H. Simms, Miss A. Cottrell, Miss Fanny Josephs, Miss Patti Josephs, Wentworth, Mrs. Stirling, and Mrs. Chas. Mathews. EVERY EVENING, - at 7, A SHEEP IN WOLF'S CLOTHING. Mrs. Stirling, Mr. J. Clarke, and Mr. F. Robinson. At 8, the Comic Drama. of USED UP. Messrs. C. Mathews, Ashley, J. Johnstone, Montague, W. Chamberlaine ; Miss _Patti Josephs, and Mrs. Frank .Itatthews. At 10, LITTLE TODDLEKINS, Mr. Charles Mathews, Mr. and Mrs. P. Matthews. To conclude with BRISTOL DIAMONDS. Mr. and Mrs. Frank Mathews, Mr. Ash ey. Miss Wentworth. In Rehearsal, FAUST AND MARGUERITV. An Im morality, by F. C. Burnand, Esq., in which Mr. and Mrs. Charles Mathews will appear. EMOSES AND SON • respectfully call attention to their large and well assorted stock of JUVENILE CLOTHING. The newest fabrics are combined with the latest and most fashionable designs, a.r.d the best workmanship. E. MOSES and SON give particular attention to this important branch of their business, and they can with confidence affirm that the prices Are such as must satisfy the most economical. This depart ment is in a distinct part of the premises, which will be found a great convenience for ladies and children, MOSES AND SON • respectfully invite public attention to their large and well-assorted _ _ SPRING STOCK. IQ, MOSES AND SON'S jtj • " SANDRING-UA3I" \Vit...., P. PER .Patrodneed by them is the ne•xest and most lashlonlble style or Overcoats for the season. A , M OSES AND SO N'S ,L 1• IIEADY-3IADE and BESPOKE CLOTHING for all classes and all agee MOSES AND SON'S • CELEBRATED "INDISPENSABLE" SUIT, from 30s. MOSES AND HOSIERY and DRAPERY, for all classes and all ages. SON'S w MOSES AND SON'S jl4 • HATS AND CAPS, for all c asses and all ages. MOSES AND SON'S • BOOTS and SHOES, for all classes and all ages. EMOSES AND SON'S • OITTFI I's. for all classes, all ages, and all climates. E• MOSES AND SON'S LONDON HOUSES, 154, 155, 151, 157, Minories ; 83, 81, 85, 86. 87, 83. 89, Aldgate ; 506, 507, 508, New Oxford--street; 1,2, 3, Hart-s, ret 137, 138, Tottenham-court-road ; 288, Euston-road EMOSES AND SON'S • COUNTRY ESTABLISHMENT, Bridge-street, Bradford, Yorkshiie. ;VIM THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN," R. Con taba In a• the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE , all be had Every Evening of G. R. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT, l'To. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. The Weather—Sun Office, June 30, 1864. THERMOMETER. This day at Two o'clock 69 Barometer-29.87. WIND —S.W. ; moderate breeze and fine. •,--- HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tins DAY.—Morning, Ilh. 2m.—Afternoon, Ilh. 36m. ro-monitow.-Morning, —h. —m.—Afternoon, 12h. 10m. ~; - ;pia zal LONDON, THURSDAY, JUNE 30, 1864. It would hardly have been possible for any friend of the Government to have hit upon a more admir- Ent than Mr. KINGLAKE . S. It ably clever amcndan genuons though is so wonderfully clever that—disin it is--it deserves to succeed. It is far better than whit is vulgarly called trailing the herring, i t is at once a moat subtle, and yet, at the saaemo llent, a rest fligrant evaaion of the difficulty. Sir litcri CAIRNS might be tempted to speak of it, as five years ego he spoke (very memorably) of Lord RUSSELL'S Resolutions, namely, as a dodge. But Mr. RING- LAKE'S amendment is too clever to admit of its being adequately defined by the application to it of so ignoble an epithet. It is far removed above the dead level of a dodge. It is in its way a work of high art. It is worthy of remembrance henceforth as a sort of model for what an amendment csght to be. It coolly takes for granted that the Address to the Crown, about to be prepcsed ha the House of Common TIM SUN, LONIX3OI, THURSDAY EVENING, JUNE 30, 1864. EMOSES AND SON'S • Establishments are closed every Friday evening at Suns et until Saturday evening at sunset, when business is re sumed un ix o'clock. A 1 articles ars marked the lowest prices in plain figures. Any article not appnved of will be exchanged, or the money returned. List of Prices with Rules for Self-measurement, Fashion C:ird, and our new pamphlet, " The Tercentenary ; or, The Three Hundredth BiLthday of William Shakspeare," gratis and post free. COALS. —The LILLEs-HALL COMPANY'S COALs, Direct from their own Ckillieries. Marquis'. I 235. per ton. Double., ....... 20s. per ton. Top 225. ~DeeP • • .21s. , , Well screened and delivered within five mile. of their De pots, Weatbourne Park-road, W., and 17, s outh Wharf, Paddington, W., and Maiden-lane, N. Best Coke lss. per ohalclrely Terms cash. JOHN SCOTT, Sole Aget,t, on Monday by Mr. DISRAELI, means—War. Mr. KINGLAKE affects, in other words, to look upon the "situation" as this—that, Whereas the Government are for Peace, the Opposition are for War ! When the " situation," in reality, is nothing whatever of the kind. The Voting of Mr. DIESRAELI'S pro posal for an Address to the Crown would, in no imaginable way, jeopardise the pacific future of Eagland. On the contrary, the very objection raised by the words for which Mr. KINGLAKE now proposes to substitute his Amend ment—the very objection raised by those words, at the close of Mr. DISRAELI'S suggested Address to the Crown, is to the effect that the course pursued by the Government tends to the jeopardising of peace, renders the probability of war later on more and more inevitable ! Saving only of course if those increased temptations to war should not again be evaded by mc.re of these mean and despicable concessions made, i n t h e haughty name of England, by a faltering and a paltering Government ! Mr. ~.- h - I NGLAKE, however, affects not to see anything of all this—affects, in fact, to see exactly the reverse. Hence his amendment. We shall be curious to observe how Mr. DISRAELI will deal with that Amendment under the circum stances. One way of dealing with it, one is almost tempted to suggest this, might be the incorporation of toe purport of the Amendment parenthetically lee the Address to the Crown to be proposed on Monday in the House of Commons by the Leader of the Opposition. Namely, byin terpolating, among the closing words of the Address, something to the effect that "although we have learnt with satisfaction," et cetera.' Thereby taking the little sidelong puff of wind out of that cleverly =feed Amendment of Mr. KINGLAKE's, designed by that ingenious as well as honourable and learned gentleman to carry her MAJESTY'S Goe yernment safely into port, even v;'hen at their very direst extremity. Clever, wonderfully clever, though the amendment unquestionably is, it nevertheless admits of being rendered perfectly nugatory and inefficacious if adroitly dealt with by a far cleverer man and a far abler tactician than even - err. KlNG LAKE—meaning, of course, the right hon. gentleman the Leader of the Opposition. It is just precisely the opportunity for Diamond cutting Diamond. There aro some men whose names are so identified , with a particular cause that they are regarded as in some measure authorities upon the subject, and whatever may fall from them respecting it commands attention. Lord BROUGHAM has long cccupied this position with regard-to the Slave Trade, and con sequently the brief address which he made on our relations with the Brazilian Government on Tuesday evening aro not altogether to be overlooked, even amid the many exciting topics now pressing upon public attention. To whatever subject the noble lord addressed himself he was not, indeed, likely to be heard with anything but deference ; but on this question he has expended BO much time and energy, he has laboured so strenuously for the good cause, and hes been such an unfitaching advocate of the rights of man against the oppression of his fellows, that his speech will be read with interest by a more comprehensive circle. Despite the ana themas of Federal partisans, Lord BROUGHAM is one of the recognised leaders of anti-slavery princi ples in this country, and the public is inclined to receive with favour any proposition which he may make respecting it. His object on Tuesday evening was, singularly enough, not to increase the severity or efficiency of the acts now in force, but to obtain the repeal of one which he considered to be iejurioua in its operation. The measure to which he referred was the Aberdeen Act of 1845, whose present agency he believed to be rather deleterious to the cause than favourable. It is highly satisfactory to find from so competent an authority that the slave trade in the Brazils may be considered as actually terminated. Twenty years ago from forty to sixty thousand slaves were annually imported into Brazil ; it is, therefore, no light matter to have succeeded in putting an Effectual stoppage to so large and flourishing a trade. Much of the credit due for this suppression Lord BROUGHAM attribates unreservedly to the Brazilian EMPEROR, who has not only shown soma anxiety for the total stoppage cf the trade, but has also wished to preclude the possibility of its revival. In these views he has been powerfully supported by his own people, and, in fact, he could not on such a matter have effected much without their aid. Public opinion is happily enlisted on the right side of the question, and some half dozen years back the Brazilian legislature passed an act render ing the slave trade piracy. There is, therefore, little ground for uneasiness respecting the future prospects of a trade which appears to have been virtually annihilated. Lord BROUGHAM contended that the wording of the Act gave great offence to the Bra zilians, both people and Government, especially as regarded the very large indemnity which it gave to British cfficess for acts done in the suppression of the slave trade. Lord ABERDEEN himself said that when the trade was abolished, the Act should be repealed, but the Aet has now survived the trade for nine or ten years without any modification ; and although it may not be fully carried out at present it remains in existence, occasioning causeless irri tation. The Brazilian Government appears to have acted with good faith throughout, although we need not inquire too closely how far its honourable ful filment of its obligations has been encouraged by tha change in the views of its citizens. The result is at a 0 rate a matter for congratulation, and it is only to a, lamented that while Brazil has sincerely endeavoured to discourag e an d suppress t h e s l ave trade, N'thich ha s acce pt e d l arge su b s idi es f or the came pa m S ep in urp ' 4 E3, has treated her engagetnnts with the most open di 'regard. The real cause of this dishonourable breach of cont rac t i s C u b a, an d L ord BROUGHAM was PerfectlY correct in his assertion that Spain would never do anything to injure the slave trade so long as Cuba r emained in Spanish hands. The Government is too easily influenced d accordingly by the wealthy capitalists of Cuba, an they encourage rather than repress the trade. Lord RUSSELL consoles himself for this 'unsatisfactory state of things by anticipations of the total extinc tion of slavery by the American Civil Vier, I n waiting, however, for so doubtful and dist ant a prospect, it would be well to see whether som e . thing cannot be done to secure a better observance of the Treaty, and to check a great and appalling evil, which it rests with us in a great measure to countenance or to cure. There have beeti so many defeats of the Govern meat this year that the occupants of the Treasury benches must be rather more surprised when they obtain a success then when they sustain a reveree. At any rate the majority which voted for Mr. Dourerox's resolution on Tuesday did good service to the community, and more especially to the humbler ranks, to whom the preservation of open °Paces is most important. It is difficult to explain why the 'Government are always against these proposals, Suited ao they are to the requirements of the people. Perhaps it is from a dislike to any in terference in their departments, or from their in nate love of arbitrary power, and the wish to usurp ail rights of judgment to t h emselves. Be this as it may, it is very certain that no one brings forward the claims or the wishes of the community in any respect that some cfac:ial does not start up gnu attempt to explain away what has been said. Either this suggestion is not practical, or that ar gument is not solved, or it will not be expedient to do anything just now, but the Government will bear the question in mind for a future occasion. Mr. DOULTON made out a very good case in support of his proposal; he stated facts, which should have been sufficient to convince even official impractica bility ; but it is tray said that there are none so deaf as those who will not hear. Nu one can deny the great importance of preserving then open specs, and yet it is equally true that while more demands exist for their maintenance it becomes more difficult to preserve them. London is fast losing the great advantages it once enjoyed of being surrounded by open places, they are ra pidly becoming absorbed for building purposes. Under these circumstances, Mr, DOULTON proposed that the Government should introduce a bill for the purpose of affording the necessary protection, the Board of Works not having the power to do so. There can be no reason why more active inter ference is not used in this case, for it is surely a bounden duty on the part of the Government to undertake the responsibility themselves, and not to be continually shifting it from their own shoulders to those of others who cannot perform the task if they have the willingness to do so. The usual absurd excuses were given by the Government speakers, which amounted in reality to declaring that the subject was important, but that reasons prevented it being properly attended to. Surely if one thing more than another imperatively calls for action, it is the preservation of the health of the metropolis, P^cl yet this is constantly neglected by those who a i 2 s , ready to go to any expense for mere matters of business or objects of interest. In no better way could the Government spend the funds at their disposal than by first clearing those open spaces over which private individuals have a right, and thus prevent their being built upon. Had they actedwith promptitude and proper publicfeeling there would not have been all the outcry raised concerning Hampstead Heath, which has given so much annoy ance and caused so much odium. It is always very disgraceful for public functionaries to display meanness in their dealings or inaptitude for their tasks, but when these qualities are shown in affairs of moment as regards public heelth, the consequences are disastrous and deplorable in the extreme. Mr. TORRENS made a few very forcible observations, and said that persons were in the habit of laying claim to considerable portions of Epping Forest, ucder the plea of being lords of the manor, and that the Government were so supine that they did not protect the rig,uts of the Crown. He truly said that the Attorney-General ought to be instructed by the Treesury to interfere and prevent such spoliation taking place. It is very easy to make glib speeches on the Treasury benches and its immediate vicinity, and the exaggeration of this and that statement, the incorrectness of those de tails, and the utter impossibility of that proposal being carried out ; but the end always is the same, that the worst fears of the complainants are ful filled, and the general interests of the public are sacrificed. Mr. P. PEEL made a most ridiculous observation when he said that he could not admit it was the duty of the Government to pay for the compensation out of the public purse,and that there " ought to be no difference in that respect between the metropolis and other large towns." Nor can anything be more extraordinary than this states ment, when the population of the metropolis is so numerous, and is so much more precluded from the means of obtaining fresh air. The end is the same, whatever means are adopted to encompass it, and the Government mean to do nothieg. The large ma jority against them is a great satisfaction to con. template, as they will now be forced to do some thing, felons roleas , if they remain in office; and they do not, their successors will be able to take advantage of this warning, and exert themselves to perform their duties more faithfully in this impor. tant respect. All that relates to the health and comfort of the working classes should receive a double share of attention. The annual meeting of the Manchester Cotton Supply Association took place on Tuesday, at the Manchester Town Hall, and its members could not fail to contrast the present cheering aspect of the cotton trade with the glcomy state of things when the Association was first formed. Teen all seemed dark and hopeless, so hopeless, indeed, that many able and experienced men seriously recommended that the great masses of the cotton spinning popu lation should turn their attention to some other mode of gaining a living, since there was little or no chance that the cotton industry would ever again support them. Others advised a wholesale deportation of the people, and every suggestion commanded some degree of attention when the re cipients of public relief were reckoned by tens of thousands. But while this perplexity and anxiety were filling most minds, a few more sanguine or energetic considered what could be done to revive the cotton trade. It was plain that that trade supplied countless necessities, that it met the wants of all grades of the community, that it was able to give employment to all these starving thousands, while its stoppage was occasioned by no inevitable calamity, no national misfortune which human power could either foresee nor control, but from purely secondary causes. The earth did not refuse to nurture the precious seed, the seed itself showed no malign influences, but the fault lay in the human agent for its supply, and men refused to profit by what the great Mother would willingly have given them. Why, then, since the soil and the climate which favoured its development was confined to one part of the globe, why could not the seed be sown elsewhere, and the energies of other nations be enlisted on behalf of the cotton cultivation. Had this reasoning been acted upon earlier it would have spared Lancashire the cotton famine. Had the gloomy portents which wise men could see in the political horizon been earlier heeded—had the pos• sibility of an American War been calculated on instead of being thrust into the background as a catastrophe quite out of the question, how much loss and misery might have been saved. But a reckless spirit of speculation possessed the mill owners, and they went on adding store to store, regardless of the future. Happily now the sky is brightening again, and while every month the pauper returns show a considerable diminution, the statistics collected by associations encourage us to hope for a gradually increasing supply of the pre cious material. The concluding words of the report should be borne in mind by all concerned in the revival of the trade. The writer says, after sum. ming up the rapid progress of the cultivation in many widely removed lands, " the review of the past supplies hope for the future; and whether we look to Icdia, or Egypt, or Turkey, or Italy, or Australia, to Central or South America, the West quarter, it is manif es t th at Indies, or any other there must be no faltering policy pursued if we would reap the harvest for which we have sown." EXETER HALL.—llandera oratotio, " Jude e Maccatseus," will be performed for the last time this sea son on Wednesday next, the eth July, by the National Choral Society, under the direction of Air. G. W. Martin, Principal singers —Madame Parapa, Mies Palmer, Ni, Si=s Rie7ar, &Ad Sgith,y, Daud aLci FINE ARTS. Washington Irving and his Literary Friends. Designed by F. 0. C. Dariey. Engraved by T. 0. Barlow. Published by Moore, Macqueen, and Co. Everyone knows, of course, those two delightful pictures called respectively, " Shakepere end his Contemporaries," and " Scott and his Contempora ries." Here, in this profoundly interesting en graving of " Washington Irving and his Literary Friends," is an American ditto, revealing to view, in Geoffrey * Crayon's charming houce-room at Sunnyside (just the name for Irving's Home !) the Author of the Sketchbook and his Contemporaries. Fifteen celebrated American men of haters are here, in this most interesting work of art, grouped together, and revealed each in propria persona, each a vivid and wouderfuliy resemblance. In the mitre of the picture, of course, is the host— ` literally a host in himself Geoffrey Crayon, Diedrich Knickerbock: r, L tuucelot Longsteff, Jonathan Oicista le, ail rolled into see— otherwise Washington Irving, N)velist, Eisayisa Historian, Biographer, honinie-cle-leteres, and Ambassador! Rather a lackadansycal pose is given to the head of this delighttul writer, as he is here reprea sented, with that warns head of his turned senti mentallyon one side, while the blandest of smiles, a smile almost amounting to a simper, is expressed on the features. Seated near hitn,with his features shown in profile, is the author among them all with the noblest head—a sort of Napoleonic head—and the finest thoughtfullest countenance—William Henry Prescott, the luminous historian of "Ferdinand and Isabella." The glasses ho is fingering, suspended round his neck by a ribbon, remind us of that ter. rible affliction of his, embittering his life—an affliction almost amounting to blindness. Leaning on the back of the chair in which Prescott is seated, is that_noblest of all the American poets, Professor Longfellow. Behind him is the the mystical face of the authcr of the " Scarlet Letter," Nathaniel Hawthorne, recently deceased. In the background, between Prescott and Longfellow, appears the lugubrious, ringletted visage of Mr. N. P. Willis, looking like that of a handsome rote thoroughly used up. Yonder on the other side of the picture is the manly, vigorous, sailor-like face of Fenni more Cooper, the see-novelist, par excellence. Next to him is the historian of America, George Barncroft. And, further back, Ralph Waldo Emerson's shrewd, close-shaver, old-fashioned looking Yankee visage peers at us incongruously over a sort of a Byronic turned edown collar Near him, grim and ungainly as a Polar bear showing his teeth through a shock of white hair, is William Cullen Bryant, Poet, and Editor of an Evening Newspaper. Besides one other celebrity not yet mentioned, to wit, Oliver Wendell Holmes, there are five writers., well known probably in their own country, but little thought of in the old hemisphere —namely, Halleck, Limrns, Paulding, Kennedy, and Tuckerman. Toe cli:ficulties in the way of " arrangiug," such a picture as this transatlantic companion to the two famous English prints already mentioned, viz., " Shakspers and his Contemporaries," and "Scott and leis Con temporaries," have been admirably well over come by the Eminent American artist from whose hand the original design emanated. And, in transferring the general effect of that design of Mr. Darley'e to steel, in a style of (the engraver'.) art known as mixed line and stipple, Mr. Barlow, of London, has done his part, we should conjecture, to the painter's complete satisfaction. Published by the Messrs. Moore, McQueen and Co , of Ber ners-street, this engraving of Washington Irving and his Literary Friends it , likely to vie in p larity—as affording the public a welcome peep into Sunnyside— with the celrbratcd pictures, already yielding that publ c peeps, respectively, into the Mermaid and into Abbotsford. LATEST INTELLIGENCE. LREUTER'S TELEGRAMS.] AMERICA. SOUTHAMPTON, JUNE 30. The North German Lloyd's steamship Bremen, from New York on the 18th inst., arrived off the Needles at 12.5 p.m. to-day. (Per the Virginia, via Roche's Point, June 30, :9.55 am.) NEW YORK, JUNE 18, Evening. Nothing later from Grant. Gold 1951. Cotton Ibo cents. MEXICO. MEXICO, MAY 28. On the 22d inst. Commandant Courcy defeated the united bands of Sr•ndaval and Cadanena at. Volparaiso, 30 mites from St. Zicatecos. The enemy had 120 kllltd and lost, in addition to 300 prisoners, 5 guns, an entire park of artillery, and 200 horses. BOMBAY AND MAURITIUS MAILS. SUEZ, JUNE 30. The Jeddo, from Bombay, June 9, anchored at 7 a.m. this day. The Sultan, from Mauritius, June 6, arrived at 2 p.m., on the 25th. The Behar, with the outward mails of 12th-18th June, left Suez, for Bombay, on the 27th inst. THE BRAZIL MAIL. LISBON, SUNS 30. The royal mail steamship Parana has arrived here, and will sail for Southampton this morning at 7 o'clock, with 106 passengers, £2,813 in specie, 403 bags of coffee, 300 barrels of tapioca, 794 rolls of tobacco, 22 packages of ipecacuhana, and 324 packages of sundries. The Magdalena left St. Vincent, for the Brazils, &c., at 7 p.m., on the 21st inst. PRUSSIA AND GERMANY, ST. PETERSBURG, JUNE 30. The semi-official Deutsche Peterburger Zeitung of to-day, in a leading article favourable to Ger many, says :—" It would be inconsistent, on the part of England, to wage war against Germany, as she took no active steps when the German Powers rejected the Treaty of London of 1852, and subsea qaently occupied Schleswig and Jutland. England ought logically to advise Denmark to yield to Ger many." ITALY. TURIN, JUNE 29 (Evening), In the Chamber of Deputies today the Minister of Finance stated that he had been able partly to carry out his financial programme, although he had been in part unsuccessful. Respecting the deficits for 1864 and 1865, he would be able to provide for them by the sale of Crown lands to the value of 200 million lire, and by the s4le of the State railways, without having recourse to a loan. The Minister showed that he has effteted reductions in the budget of expenditure to the amount of forty million lire, and that after the vote upon the new constitutional laws had beet, taken the reduction would reach 100 millions. The revenue derived from the income-tax was regularly increasing. The Government and the nation could not accept the policy proposed by Signor Sarraco—viz., die. armament. The Ministerial programme was still that announced by the Cabinet on coming into office—viz„ to bold themselves ready to take advantage of poli tical events in Europe, in order to bring about the realisation of the destinies of Italy. (Applause.) Signor Sarraco protested against the interpreta- Lion given by the Minister to his political pro gramme, and declared that he had no intention of proposing a policy of disarmament. FRANCE. We aro assured, says the Lio n, that towards the latter part of last week a very animated con• versation took place betwcen Drouyn de Lhuys and Count de Goltz, the Prussian ambassador. The intercourse between the Tuileries and the Cabinet of Berlin are said to be growing more and more cold, whilst it is quite the reverse between Vienna and Paris. Abd-el-Kader, actually residing at Cairo, has just forwarded to the Emperor Napoleon 111, a long memorial with reference to the present rising in Algiers. This document, which is written i❑ Arabic, will be translated and published. At the same time the Marquis de Moustier, French am• bassador at Constantinople, has transmitted to the chiefs of some Circassian tithes an offer to emigrate to Algeria, where some lands will be granted to them. The Journal des Villes et des Canzpagnes notices es follows a book which is at the present moment creating a' great deal of sensation throughout France :—"‘ The Frontiers of France,' such is the title of a large volume in 18mo which has just come out or the pen of M, Theophile Lovelies., one of the professors at the Imperial Military School of Saint- Cyr, and well known in the literary world for his historical works. The present book sketches briciiy the victgrious as well as the unsuccessful campaigns which have enlarged and diminished our territories in the course of the last two centuries, and also the treaties which have sanctioned our victories and our revues." M. Laysl,e7, in his preface, protests against any intention on tits part of eluding to the engrossing epics of the day. He hqs only wished to write to, hfd pu its a book intended to complete the lessons of history in a manner specially adapted to their military vocations. In spite of this declaration, which is after all supported by the long studies of which this book presents a resume, certain news papers have insisted on seeing in M. Lea aLee's work a sort of experiment—an attempt at reviving in the hearts of the French people their grievances against the treaties of 1815 ; and this preoccupation has given to the new book a temporary vogue far beyond its real merit and the object which the author had in view. More over, the conclusion of the book is not calculated to dissipate completely the suppositions of the papers, in spite of their little foundation. "France," sue the author, "has recovered her natural frontier in the south (Nice), shall she re• cover her natural boundary to the north (the banks of the Rhine and of the Skeldt) ? Undoubtedly. She must have the limits which the hand of God has traced to her; those which she possessed in the Celtic and Roman times, those which she conquered again during her regeneration in 1789. She must graap within her territory the field of Tolbiac and the tomb of Charlemagne ; she must have, as Vauban said to Louis XIV, her square field ! The natural frontiers of France have become since the last twelve years a part of the public right of Europe; they are a primordial necessity of the modern times ; they are a pledge of the world's peace." But if you ask from the author when this restoration is to take place, ho will answer :—" It is a work o; time, of patience, of conciliation ; will be done without struggle, peacefully, it Europe is wise and has confidence; it she will re pudiate her old prejudices and accept that which nature, history, reason, and justice have rendere d necessary." This prospect alone will only hal! please the pupils of St. Cyr; but the end of the paragraph is, perhaps, of a nature to bring back a smile upon their lips :—" But- from this day, ant; whatever Europe may wish or eo, the treaties of 1815 have ceased to exist." We have heard those words already uttered on several solemn eircumetanees. Whatever may liap. Miss Bateman as Leih, Painted by J. Edgeil Collins : Engraved by George H. Every : Published by Henry Graves and Company. Any cno whose glance may chance to fall upon this beautiful engraving, as it now hangs displayed to view, far and wide, in the shop windows of our London printselleret—it is quite certain must needs halt upon the instant, no matter what his preoccupa tion of mind or his hurry in regard to time, even sup posing this casual passer-by to he hastening at the moment, hot-foot, to some over-due appointment. Beautiful though the picture is as an engraving, it is still more beautiful, it is still more entitled to admiration, as an all but living, breath ing, speaking likeness. The original—who does not know her, by this time, among London play goers ? Miss Bateman, the American actress of consummate genius, the Leah of the Adelphi ! She who has won the admiration of so many thousands, besides the enthusiastic pamphleteer, who eagerly pressed forward from among the ct owd to become her panegyrist in print, and to tell the world that in Oue of the " Little B atemaus" of years gone by, there had appeared at last a worthy successor to Miss O'Neil and Helen Faucit. And here, in Mr. Edgell Collins's admirable portraiture of Miss Bateman as " Leah,"—a portraiture eiiquisitely transferred to metal by the graver of fir. George Every—the admirers of the gifted young American, of the tearful, half distracted Jewess (one hardly knows which of the two she is the more really and the more intensely) have at length placed within their reach a memorial of her, beautiful to lock upon, and one hardly to be surpassed in its way as a memorial, The tearful glitter of her eyes, the choking sob of her voice, are here in a marvellous manner, as it were, perpetuated. We almost seem to hear her gasping again with anguish, as we gaza upon the pic ture. It is a double triumph of art—first of the painter's, afterwards of the enraver's. It is certain of winning for itself a widely-extended popularity—a popularity almost as widely extended as the charming original's. For the picture, in truth, is alike ad nicable as a work of art and as a like ness, Royal Gallery of Illustration. The visit of Mrs. Itoselear and her family to !'he seaside to recruit, atter the fatigue of their " Eve°. ing Party," has furnished Mr John Parry with materials for the construction of a new descriptive story, in which his great skill, both as a musician and a mimic, is displayed with the best effect. The novelty is introduced by a " saline symphony," and this enables Mr Parry to show the great command he possesses over the pianoforte, and at the same time allows him to introduce a variety of marine melodies, such as " What are the wild waves saying," " Over the sea," " 0 'tis pleasant to float," and the " Bay of Biscay," all of which. were sung in the most irresistibly comic manner. The humour of the musical narrative is divided into parts, via , sea-bathing, promenading on the cliffs, boating and yachting on " the expansive ocean," strol ling on the sands, &c., &c., and thus Mr. Parry introduces all those "characters' peculiar to the sea-side during the height of the summer season. For example, we have Mrs: Ducker, the old bathing-guide, the terror of the juveniles ; then the organ-grinders ; next the Italian with his "playful" monkey; then, again, Mies Gush• ington, the sentimental spinster, given to moon light rambles, in the vain hope of securing " one fond heart ;" and a variety of others, the peculiarities cf which are Lit off by Mr. Parry ith the utmost fun and drollery. The narrative is a very acceptable addition to the " Pyramid" and the "Bard and his Birthday," and one which we can safely commend to the attention of the pleasure seekers of the metropolis. A REWARD FROM THE ►SWEDISH GOVERNMENT TO A LIFEBOAT Cm y.—The Swedish and Nor wegian Government has just forwarded £24 for distribution amongst the crew of the Southport lifeboat, belonging to the National Lifeboat Institution, for their gallant services in rescuing, during a gale of wine, seventeen persons from the barque, Tamworth, of Skein, Norway, which was wrecked on the• Trunk-hilt Sandbank, about five miles from Southport, on the 31st October last. The Swedish Govern ment has alto sent a silver medal to William liockiiff, the coxswain of the lifeboat, in acknowledgment of his brave and skilful conduct on the occasion. The Lifeboat Institu • Lien had previously rewarded the men for their laudable services on the occasion in question, and Itcckliff is also in poseution of the kil ier medal of the iktstUtitioU. pee, the doom of the treaties of 1815 is pronounced M. lavallee has only summed up the case, merely stated the points of right and fact. But it is else where than his book that we shall be able to find any future information respecting the time and the means of execution. The celebrated traveller and naturalist Junghuhn, well known for his curious researches on botany, fossils, and ethnography, has just died at Java. His agitated life did not shake his love for science. He was at first a surgeon in the Prussian army, but having been condemned to twenty years in prison in consequence of a duel, ho made his escape and went to Algeria, where he acted as medical assistant in the Fure;gn Legion. He joined subsequently the Dutch service. 11 , :: had gathered a multitude of observations, which he published in several works. lie was only 52 years of age. The market has been less firm than yesterday, and the arrival of lower quotations from England he been followed by a retrograde movement here. Threes, fur the Account, have receded to 65fr 60c, and Muhllier to 1,045 fr. Railway Shares qui e t, with but trifling variation in prices. The maiket closed as foliovvs 41 per Cents menttl• pet' ca l l- A . Do. end month . 6i 75 `redir 1050 Do. end month... 105) Bank Shares 3305 Credit P wader 1240 Roman ita.iian Loan 69 65 Do. end mouth.... 69 80 Ditto Threes,..... N , !‘v Mexican 66 25 ..... Austrian Spanish Threes 5l 60 Horne Debt .. 6O Deferr©d . 45 50 CATS. $A IL Orleans , Northern .... Lyons and Mediterranean New ditto ...... Southern ........ Western ...... Eastern .... Sardinian Austrian Lorebard North of Spain Saragossa Ditto to Barcelona Cash. Account. E6O .. 862 50 990 .. 990 877 50 .. 880 645 - .. 645 - 500 - t- - 463 75 465 - 365 - 365 - 402 50 .. 405 - 627 50 630 --. 428 75 430 - 560 - 662 50 257 50 . 0 252 50 His Holiness the Pope, The following is the teat of the reply made by the Pope to the congratulatory address delivered by Cardinal Mattel, on the occasion of the anniversary of the Pontiff's accession :—" The crown which the Lord has deigned to place on the head of the most humble of his servants has become the object of the plots and artifices of the enemies of the Holy See. One part of those adversaries have never belonged to the Church against which they wage an implacable war; another part, after having had the happiness of being born within its pate, have abandoned it to make common cause with the former. By both of them all means of attack are considered good, per secutions, violence, falsehoods, and calumnies. Like Absolom at the gates of Jerusalem, they constantly repeat that if the crown, of which they wish to de• spoil the Vicar of Jesus Christ, stood on another head, justice would be better dispensed, the people would become freer and happier, and the golden age would again flourish for all. I need not point out the gross errors with which such reasoning abounds. May those who make use of them have the heart pierced not with the spear which went through that of Absalom, but by a ray of divine grace, which would make teem aware of the iniquity of their actions, and show them the abyss of the eternity which they approach, blind and deaf, without per ceiving the brink of it. And you who faithfully assist me either in the administration of the shred of state which has been left to me, or in the more difficult one of the universal church, continue to ar‘sist me with your fidelity and your devotedness I do not arrogate to myself the gift of prophecy, but although I do not see in the horizon any gleam of hope or any probabili , y of human easisteecr a I nevertheless thank I can , fli. ra that our sufferings, our resignation, and our prayers will in the end merit for us from God those mercies which he is sometimes long in granting, but which he never re fuses to those who serve Him with fear and love." The Alabama and the Kearsage. The France publishes the subjoined correspon dence :-- " The captain of the Kearsage has just addressed the fol lowing letter to M. Bonfils, comm4rcial agent of the Ala bama. claiming as his prisoners the persons belonging to the latter vessel who were saved by pilot boats. The appli. cation raises a question of international law which would not be one according to the principles adopted in France. A prisoner of war who escapes and succeeds in touching the French soil is undoubtedly free ; neither can a foreign vessel of war have prisoners on board when she is in French waters. But it appears that the Washington Cabinet does not admit those principles; at least that would seem to be the case from the letter of the captain of the Kearsage. The reply .made to him appears to us to be decisive. The following are the letters which have been exchanged on the subject. The first is that addressed to M. Bonfils " 'United States Steamship Kaarsage, Cherbourg, June 21. " Sir,—Certain pilot boats which out of humanity I allowed to save several prisoners when the Alabama sank carried them to Cherbourg. Those officers and seamen are not the less subject to the obligations imposed by the laws of war ; they are my prisoners, and I demand that they should be sent as such on board the Koarsage. In case they should endeavour to escape those obligations under favour of the means which have been employed, they must not in any aimilar case expect mercy.—l am, &c., " ' J. A. WINSLow.' The following reply was sent : "' Sir,—l have received your letter of 21st; the object of your claim is one of those over which I can exercise no con trol, and I must observe that your application ought to have been addressed to the French Government, with whom those unfortunate men have found refuge. I am not aware of any law of war which would prevent a soldier from escaping from a field of battle atter defeat, even should he have been already made prisoner; and I do not see why a sailor Ph uld not be able to do the same by swimming. I must ref use to act as your intermediary with certain persons whom you do not even name, and whom you nevertheless claim as being your prisoners. Neither can I comprehend how the United States authorities can pretend to retain prisonete within the limits of the French Empire—l am, ecc., " BoraiLs.' " ABOLITION OF fIJRNPIKES.—To-day, at noon, the new Act 26 and 27 Vic.. cap. 78, came into opera- tion, and London has been relieved from an intolerable nuisance tha shape of the toll bars which arrested the traveller in w hatever directien he might happen to be going. F ar wane years past Mr J. E. Bradfield, the Parliamentary agent. assrsted by many of the large fir ms engaged in com merce, has directed his artillery against those ugly struc tures, and at last they have IMlen before the heavy firing. The Act, at one fell swoop, abolishes 81 gates and bars. These comprise those of litalham-green and Earls-court, and all gates and side-bars in the Fulham district; Hammersmith, Notting-hill, and all side-bars in Kensington and Hammer smith; Harrow-road, Kilburn, and all gates and side-bars ; King's-road gate, Camden Town; High •street, Chalk Farm; Haverstock-hill gate, and all gates and side-bars in the Camden Town district ; Brecknock gate, and all gates and side-bars in the Camden-road ; the gate in Kentish Town-road, and all gates and side-bars near and at Gloucester-place ; Holloway-road, Balla Pond, and all gates and side-bars in that district ; Kingaland-road, Cam bridge Heath, Hackney, and all gates and side-bars in Hackney, Clapton, and Stoke Newington; and all gates and bars in Twickenham and Teddington ; the City-road, and all gates and side-bars. Under the Act a great reduction of tolls will take place in the several dis tricts of Hounslow, Brontford, Ealing, Uxbridge, Harrow. Edgeware, Tottenham, Enfield, Edmonton, Lea Bridge. road, and other places. The attention of Mr Bradfield and the abolitionists is now directed to tho toll gates on the Surrey side, and they are in communica tion with Sir G. Grey, the Home Secretary, on the subj ect. Some tolls, especially in Rotherhithe, B ermondsey, and the btu rounding districts, are of of eiP - 2 a most vexatious character, and are a great impediment to th e operations of the large firms carrying on business there. For some time past Mr. H. P. Chandler, of Berners-street, has called the attention of the medi cal faculty, and such portion of the public as it may concern, surgical appliances for the treat wentto his ofdeformities. Mr. Chandler has impsproinvaelme andn improvements other n for some years devoted hie entire study to this most im portant branch of surge r y, an d if we may j u d ge f rom th e testimonials from the most eminent of the faculty, as also from patients Who have been treated on his plan, his tabours have not been in vain, No disease is more afflicting than bodily distortion, and from the vast number of d e f k nee d persons to b e me t w ith, it is evident that this important matter has been much neglected both by parents and the faculty, doubtless from the ineffi ciency of the surgical appliances and the complicated cha racter of the iron instruments which were in use until the past few years to remedy such bodily deformities, far which Mr Chandler's scientific and anatomical appliances are specially designed sad so successfully applied. The chest expanding- brace is an excellent invention, and is designed to correct stooping habits, applicable to both sexes from the most tender age, and is recommended to all who would acipire a ccruct carriage and a graceful figure. • Z ( inlrt k.s.irtnlar iTri HER MAJESTY, WINDSOR CASTLE, June 29. The Queen, accompanied by her Reyul Highness the Princess Louis of Hesse, walked and drove in the grounds this morning. Their Rlyai Highnesses" Princess Helena, Prin cess Louise, and Prince Louis of Hetsss,, rode on horseb.ick, attended by the Hon. Horatia.Stoplord and Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. D. de Roe. Their aoyal Highnesses the Prince and Princess Louis of Hessa and Princess Helene, attended by Lady Caroline Birrington, the Hon. Thrrie Phipps, Lientenant•Cutonel the Hon. D. d e Ros, Medile. de Granny, and Captain von Westerwtlltr, left the Castle this evening lorßuckingham Palace. Rorl Russell arrived at the Castle, and had 4udience of the Qoiet n. Ht r 11,ajtsty erwards give audience to General Negrete, Minister Plenipotentiary from Si-dvader, wbo wiS presented to rite Queen by Earl Russell. Lord de Tabley and Colonel the Hon e A. Liddell were the Lord and Groom in Waitirg, The Prince and Princess of Wales, The Prince of Wales presided at the half-yearly meeting of the governors of the Wellington College, held yesterday forenoon in the Fine Arts Commis• sion Room at the New Palace of Westminster. The Prince and Princess of \Vales, went in the afternoon to the training-ground of the Royal and Hon. Artillery Company, where his Royal Highness inspected the corps. Her Royal Highness the Princess Zof Wales presented new colours to the regiment. Their royal highnesses were accompanied by the Prince and Princess of Leiningen, and attended by the Marchioness of Carmarthen, Lieutenant- General Knollys, and Lientenant•Colonel Keppe!. Visit of the Prince and Princess of Wales to Harrow School—This day. The Prince and Princess of Wales left London this morning on a visit to Harrow, to listen to the speeches which are annually delivered in the cele brated school there. In the afternoon their Royal Highnesses will meet a distinguished party at the head master's house, including most probably Lord Palmerston, one of the governors; the Archbishop of Canterbury (who was formerly head master of the school) ; Sir Lobert Peel, Bart., M.P., and Lady Emily Peel, % c. Their Royal Highnesses will return to town about 7 o'clock. State Ball at Buckingham Palace. By command or the Queen a State Bull was givm last evening at Buc.ongham Paisce t to which a party of between 1,700 and 1,800 was invited. The Royal Body Guard of the Yeomen of the Guard, with their officers, Lieut.-Col. Cooke, the Ensign, and Lieu.-Col. Patterson, the Eon in W4iting, were on duty in the interior of the Palace. A Guard of II )noar of the Foot Guards was mounted in front of the Palace, Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, escorted by a squadron of the Royal Horse Guards, and attended by the Marchioness of C .rm Irthen, the Hon. Mrs. Stoner, E.rl Spencer, the Earl of Mount Edgcannbe, Lord Harris, Lieut.- Col. Kt ppel, and Mr. C. L. Wood, arrived at the Palace from Marlborough House at 10 o'clock. Their Riyai Highnesses the Duchess or elm» bridge sod Princess Mary arrived from St. James's aloce, attended by the Countess Spencer and Capt. Ellis. His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge arrived, attended by his equerries. The Pri►:cs and Princess of Wales, accompanied by their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess Louis of Hesse, her Royal Highness the Princess Helena, their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge and Princess Mary, and his Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge, conducted by Viscount Sydney, the Lord Cnambe:lain, and attended by the Ladies and Gentlemen in Waiting, entered the ball-room soon after 10 o'clock. Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales wore a dress of black silk, cevered with black and white tulle, handsomely trimmed with rich Brussels lace ; flowers of mountain ash and . lilies; tiara of dia. , mends; necklace, brooch, and earrings of diamonds, Her Royal Highness the Princess Louis of Hesse wore a lilac tulle skirt over a lilac silk petticoat, with ruches of white and lilac tulle; a top skirt of white tulle with silver embroidery, and trimmed with passion flowers. Head• dress, a net of dia■ mends and passion flowers; brooch and earrings, emeralds and diamonds; necklace, pearls, with emerald and diamond ornaments. Her Royal Highness the Princess Helena wore a dress of green tulle and crape over glace silk, trimmed with pink roses and 'Mies of the valley. Headdress of roses and lilies of the valley, and diamond ornaments and orders. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cambridge wore a drees of violet satin with Honitou lace. Diadem of pearls and diamonds; stomacher, neck• lace, and earrings of pearls and diamonds. Her Royal Highness the Princess Mary wore a blue tulle dress over blue glace si►k, trimmed with bouquets of pink roses end silver wheatears, covered with a silver tulle veil. Head dress, a diadem of diamonds, with silver wheatears and pink roses ; dtomautier, necklace, and earrings of diamonds. Prince and Princrsa Gargarine have arrived in London from the Hotel Alirabeau, Paris. Too Archbishop of York and Mrs Thomson en tertained at dinner, yesterday evening, at their residence in Bdgrave-square, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Earl and Lady Constance GrosveLor, Viscount and Viscountess Stratford do Viscount and Viscountess Nevill, the Bishop of Oxford, Lord and Lady Wenlock, Sir John and Lady B. Johnstone, Sir William and Lady Payne Gall way, Mr Christopher Sykes and Miss Sykes. 'foe Matquis and Marchioness of Normanby, Earl illuigrave, Lady Catherine Phipps, and Lady Laura Phipps have left the Queen's Hotel, Upper Norwood, for Mulgrave Castle, Whitby. The Marquis Migliorati, Italian Ambassador to South America, has left the Hotel Mirabeau, Paris, for Lima, by way of Southampton. Miss Kate Gordon's second morning concert took place yesterday at Collard's Concert Rooms, Oro:: velaor.street, and attracted a very crowded fashionableau ence. The concert commenced with a p i a noforte solo by Miss Gordon, to which ample justice was done,. and at its kinson contributed some of .th.eir. best songs, a ll cf principal close Mr George Perron, Mr Renwick, and Miss E. Wil- T E h F e lat" (0p.14) i w n h st i r c u h clarionet, and viola—Mozart—by Miss Kate for pianoforte , e s r a;s h t e a c a t iTo Trio in Gordon, Mr. Lazarus, and Mr. Webb ; and Mozart's gave r.tal pe t r h f e orm g a re n a c t e e s swt Morceau de Concert," for two pianos, from " Juan"—Miss Kate Gordon and Herr Lehmeyer. These two compositions elicited, as they deserved, the loudest applause, and we cannot close our brief notice of the pleasant performance without awarding great praise to Miss Gordon. Her touch was good and her taste unexceptionable. Tmi CITY COMPANIES.—Non - citizens have very little knowledge of these companies : they hear occa sionally that the Prince of Wales dines with one compaliY• Garibaldi with a second, some other celebrated personage with a third, and so on; and that the companies contribute liberally to various benevolent institutions, besides main taining almshouses for decayed persons. But beyond these limits, little is popularly known of the companies. The truth is, there is little to )snow. The companies have out lived the purposes for which they were originally chartered. Each was intended to regulate some particular trade at a time when unfettered commerce was little thought about. It was believed in the days of the Edwards and Henrys that there ought be some central authority in each trade, to determine wages, prices, quality of goods, quantity of work done in a particular time, number of persons free of the craft, number of apprentices, and other such matters. We now know that these things are best left to manage themselves ; but it was a well-meant and perhaps btnefieial system in those days. Wealthy citizens lett estates to the companies to which they belonged. for appropriation generally to the needs of the poorer members of the craft. These estates have now become enormously valuable; and as the com panies have very few trade privileges to exercise, or trade duties to fulfil, the annual revenues are mainly spent in charities and in feastings. Parliament has sometimes talked of interfering in the matter but withaut effect, for the estates are really and legally vested in the comp ,11,08. Many readers will be surprised to heat that there are 80 city companies, established tq COittrel as trades.— alcs Th'ilc. 312 dilLre n t