The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-01 00:00:00

THE NEW YORK RIOTS. (From a Correspondent.) NEW YORK, July 17. How shall I begin ? What is passing at this xnoment before my eyes is of so strange, and yet so tragic a nature ; it comes so, suddenly- upon me, ,and I arrive so much too late• to , be able to trace the effects up to their causes that I hardly know from what point my narrative should take its start. On Saturday, I am told, nothing could be more calm than the city of New York ; the labours of the week closed in the midst of the most perfect security —nay, of general popular exultation. New York had been crammed with " glorious news" to its heart's content; it had read paragraphs full of "stunning victories," as usual; but this time the boasting bulletins had lied with less than their wonted effrontery, and the joyous tidings received confirmation from day today. Gen. Lee's army had fallen back routed and demoralised. The Federals had forced their way down the Mississippi, over coming both Vicksburg and Port Hudson. The South was Leaten at all points; it gave signs of a :universal collapse. The Unionists had carried the day. The " Civil War in America" was at an end. Who could have looked forward to civil war in New York ? The immediate pretext for popular collision was, indeed, at hand. The United States' Government was bent on the full execution of the Conscription Law. A country, 1,000,000 out of 20,000,000 of whose Inhabitants were already under arms, where the strongest appeal to patriotism and enormous bounties - failed at last to bring volunteer recruits under the tandards, was now further to be drained of its man hood by a levy en masse, a forced levy. What was worse, the levy was to fall unequally on the dif ferent classes of citizens. In a land of freedom and equality the son of the poor was to leave his work shop and march ; the wealthy man could buy him self off with 300 dollars. Conscription in America was to be as galling as in France or Italy, but it was less just or equitable than in Prussia. It was a clear case of " Gold v. Blood." Conscription, however, was merely the outward pretext. The real causes lie deeper. The evil had its roots in the social condition of the American Commonwealth, and points, perhaps, to the neces sity of a thorough modification. The peace party, the men who have no faith in the prompt or even eventual subjugation of the South, who with all their attachment to the Union are convinced of the impossibility of maintaining it, and who, with out having actual sympathies with slavery, think, however, that the matter must be compromised, and look with dismay upon wholesale and instant—i.e., violent emancipation; who hold, in short, that either the Union, or else ultra-Abolitionist prin ciples, must be given up—these men, consti tuting the best class of the " Democrats," did not in their hearts too sanguinely rejoice in the late successes of the Federal armies. They hold the men of Washington in contempt, and little less than abhorrence, and think that Mr. Lincoln and his Cabinet, by disregarding the warnings and encroaching upon the rights of States government, are bringing the country to an evil pass. In their heart they already set up the individual State against the Union. As these men manifested their disapprobation of the immense scale upon which the war was carried on, the lower classes, upon whom fall its heaviest burdens, those who are called to arms on compulsion,: took np the cry of their sympathizers who even in unexhausted America have nothing to lose and all to gain by disorder. Resistance to the draught broke:out, and it soon de generated into a mere love of riot and thirst for plunder. The plunder was sufficiently unorganised and objectless. Two of the six draught offices were opened on Monday, and in one of them the opera tions proceeded with regularity up to 11 o'clock before noon. The other office, however, was assailed by the mob, the authorities were overpowered, the house was burnt down ; the victorious rabble then proceeded to the first office, where the business of the day was already completed, broke into the empty premises, and levelled them also with the ground by fire. The draught was thus suspended, and its adver saries had gained their point. But, as they were masters of the field they thought they might as well disport themselves in it, and all the rest of that Monday and the following day the most populous quarters of New York became a frightful scene of pillage and murder. It does not seem that any of the banks or the houses of the wealthiests merchants were attacked or even seriously endangered. The mob flew at a lower game. It was the ready-made tailors' shops, dry goods stores, and the like that tempted their cupidity, and all' their murderous fury was especially expended upon the negro popu lation. There is no doubt now but that this dis turbance was at bottom nothing but an Irish riot on a large scale. All the lists of dead, wounded, and prisoners hitherto published contain hardly any other than Irish, and a very few German names. These are the men whom the draught more inexo rably strikes, and no one can wonder at their ani mosity against the " 300 dollars men." Nearly the whole well-to-do American population can easily buy themselves off if they have a mind so to do, and the war is to be fed by conscription, as it was originally by enlistment, out of that immigrant population whom the sovereign citizens, at whose mercy they are placed by want, employ to do their hard and dirty work. Consequently these immigrants, especially the Irish, rebelled, and their wrath was directed against the blacks, ostensibly because the war, as Paddy fancied, was undertaken for the benefit of the brethern of those very niggers in the Southern States ; really, however, because tb) negro is the great competitor of the white man in the North in all the branches of that hard and dirty work which the Irish and German immigrant would fain monopolise and keep up at his own price. The negro was cudgelled, the negro was stoned, the negro was hanged, the negro was hunted out ; before evening on Tuesday there was not one coloured face to be s een i n N ew York s t r eets. The city was, or deemed itself, defenceless ; not only the military, in an old world sense of the word, but even the home Militia/ was away in Pennsylvania, and the public force co ns isted of 2 , 500 police, a most efficient force, and i n Such few citizens as could be organised into a kind of r e These mad : civic guard on the spur of the moment. here and there; efforts to put down the mob show themselvies but,. either because they could not sufficient numbers where they were most wanted, or r becaus e ; h e l ac k of prop e r plan and di rect i on is that they were worst e d fr ustrated their efforts, the fact and towards in more than one encoun ter,the eveni ng populace had the n upper hand in of Tuesday the of the city. almost every ward We anchored in New York harbour on that same evening, but were not allo we d to land until th e fol lowing morning,. The first hi nt We received that King Mob reigned supreme wa s th e dols. to be paid to the hackney coach manortien t of 15 us—three of us—from the what to • th:h hotel—a distance of about one mile and a half, As we drove up Broadway at about 11 a.m. we were first struck with the absence of those thousand gay, flaunting omn ib u ses which in normal times thro ng that famous thoroughfare from morning till ni • ght. These, and all private carriages, were off the field, and the few nnwieldly, unpractical hackney coaches that were plying about for hire had it, of course, all their own way, and we perceived that the £3 fare we had been charged was only the usual tax hi s Majesty the Mob levied on his lieges on this the happy day of bis enthronement. As I found myself housed in my hotel at last, and was able to issue forth and co mmune with friends and acqua intances. I wa s astonished at the awe and consternation with which the whole city seemed struck. Hardly a man but s howed you a n —desk. Your revolver in his pocket or on his wri"ti „ friend warned you not to ventur e out on foot, and gave the first example by hiring thos e clumsy hack ney carriages on the drivers' own terms. Jewellers and silversmiths had lot down their iron shutters; bankers garrisoned and barricaded their counting houses. It was not merely the omnibuses, but the cars also, or tramways in the streets, and the ferry boats, that were interfered with by the mob ; busi nen was at a standstill, and such provisions as milk, vegetables, &c., were not to be had at any price, - even at first-rate hotels. The worst of it all was that one co IP hardly make out what was the matter. The p: cple were evidently panic-struck, mortified, vex , helpless. The mob had risen all at once, like on in their path, and had gained the victory elm t without a struggle. Something like 80, 90, or even as many as 150 persons, you were told, had been killed in the various encounters. Five or six negroes had been hanged. Several officers of the militia had fallen. One of them, Col. O'Brien, had rashly fired his revolver upon a crowd; he had fallen into the hands of the mob, and had met with a "thousand deaths" at their hands. Then such a shop had been sacked, such a house gutted; such a person had been pounced upon and robbed of his watch in Fifth Avenue. The whole town was a scene of massacre and pillage. The evil was great, and the exagge ration still greater. The worst feature in the whole affair was the ominous glare of incendiary fires lighting up the startled city throughout the night. Such were the topics of men's talk in New York on Wednesday. In the evening the police, backed by the 'Militia, made a deliberate attack on the mob at their headquarters in First and Second Avenues, between Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets, and were repulsed, although they had two howitzers with them, and made free use of them. One of the offi cers in command, Colonel Jardine, was badly wounded, and no less than 16 of his men were killed. The mob have plundered several gunshops, they are armed with capital rifles, and fire with tolerably good aim from the windows. Similar encounters were renewed in the course of the night, and always with the same results, unfavourable to the public force. The Militia regiments began to arrive from the battle-fields in Pennsylvania on that very night —the 65th, or Buffalo corps, and the 7th, a crack corps, to which all the young bucks of the New York city gentry are proud to belong. I saw myself some of the troops as they came in on Thursday morning; dirty and ragged they looked, poor fel lows, and jaded and halt-killed by the oven-like atmosphere of the terrible heat which greeted us here at our landing. Notwithstanding such vast reinforcements, the troops met with another check in First Avenue, in a desultory fight between Seventeenth and Twenty-second street yesterday morning, and the day closed, I believe, without any definitive success on their part, although the town had already resumed its ordinary appearance from the earliest hour in the morning, and perfect tran quillity reigned wherever I moved about in the evening. The disturbances which had broken out in all the suburbs and environs of the city were also everywhere abating, and the communications were easily re-established. The murderous and rapacious disposition evinced by the mob, and the outrages perpetrated by them, at once weaned from their cause the sympathies of those who would otherwise have looked with interest on the movement. The " draught insurrection" de generated into a mere Irish riot. Party spirit was at an end at once, and a cry arose of " Everybody for himself !" Everywhere men stood up in defence of their own lives and property. I went about onWed nesday evening till late after midnight, and saw banking-houses protected by garrisons of resolute men, busy with rifle and cannon, and feasting on the sandwiches and champagne supplied by their liberal patrons. I visited the Sub-Treasury, the stately hall of which was turned into a regular fortress and was being strongly barricaded, with for midable looking brass fieldpieces pointed at the door. The outside look of things was quiet and orderly ; but inside the buildings every man was ready for a mortal strife, the hour for which happily never came. The newspaper offices were also strongly armed. Some of them, as that of the New York Times, which had been threat ened by the mob, were blazing with gaslights, as if out of bravado and defiance. The 7ribune office was, I believe, attacked on Tuesday, bat the mob were unable to effect an entrance, and all their fury was spent on the window of an inoffensive lower floor. The alarm at the time I speak of—Wednes day night—was great, yet the better class of New Yorkers were cool and collected. Indeed, they heard and talked of white men killed and black men hanged with an unconcern, with a sang froid which curdled my very blood. The indifference of these people to the loss of human life is surprising, and I heard black Republicans, men of a meek, inoffensive disposition in private life, talk of the necessity of quelling opposition by bloodshed with a glibness and a gusto worthy of a Caligula or Torquemada. About 12 o'clock at night I saw the wounded Col. Jardine conveyed to the St. Nicholas Hotel in Broad way, where Governor Seymour was sitting up in council. The wounded officer was driven up in a hackney coach, and was probably not very seriously hurt. *Viewed as a mere thieves' riot, the draught rebel lion will, of course, soon be put down. Yet the New York State and city authorities have taken great pains to announce the suspension of the draught and the City Council is deliberating on a grant of 2,500,000 dole. for the relief of the conscripts—i.e., to buy off those, or some of those, who cannot muster 300 dols, for their own redemption. The whole affair of the draught would thus be reduced to a new en listment by bounties, and would bring the Conscrip tion Law to a dead letter. It would also be no small bone thrown into the jaws of the barking populace. Bat the humane intentions of the New York authori tier meet with anything but favour at Washington, and give no trifling offence to thestern Republicans in the State itself. The United States' Government, it is understood, insists on the draught at any price— the draught, the whole draught, and nothing but the draught, as mere matter of punctilio, even should Federal victories render its operations super fluous. Altogether, I see no very good blood spring ing up between the rulers of this "Federal ,t!tate" of New York and the Federal Government at Wash ington. Governor Seymour, who only came up from Albany, his official residence, on Wednesday, pro claimed the city and neighbourhood to be in a " state of insurrection," thereby thinking he had taken all the necessary steps for th e res t ora ti on o f order. But New York is now threatened with "mar tial law" from Washington, and people here are dis posed to question the legality as well as the oppor tuneness of a measure which would place this State at the discretion of the Federal military authorities. On the whole, this American Union strikes a new comer as a rather loose bundle of sticks. There is a latent but active struggle between State and States Government —I mean between individual, or muni cipal, and Federal Government. A man at the head of such an empire as New York is not always ready to attend the behests of a petty functionary W h ose immediate jurisdiction extends no further than a blank city of empty spaces, and a fifty square miles district. True, the President represents nations: sovereignty, and ought to rely on the support of the men who raised him to power all over the Union and in New York itself. But partisanship goes through many phases in a free country, even in thesh ort Govern ment space of four years, and the power of the Centra l is limited by the power which is also vested in the Government of the individual States. The consequences of a clash between these two powers are beyond most men's calculations. Meanwhile, there are men in New York who openly protest that the language and acts of the Central Government are " ir the very spirit and temper which drove the South into rebellion, and would now seem to be try iinhgthtoe drive the North into like rebellion.' Success South, and the very excesses of the Irish rioters, are likely enough to strengthen the hands of the men of Washington for a time. Bat the game is not up yet, and victory is sometimes more easily got than turned to good uses. JULY 18. struggle begins in the council The riot is put down in the h streets, but the in Newe chamber . Yesterday was a perfectly quiet day York. The pre sence of a large military force ove and in N th e e e t w h ad s j t o i i l n l ad joining lg intentioned rabble. The news from th e neighbour hood is equally reassuring, counties, in Pennsylvania and the States, not only have all incipient disturbances easily suppressed, and the rebels " squelched" b een the operations of the draught have proceeded regtiu: larly and are now happily completed. The President has signified his desire that the draught should also immediately And thoroughly be proceeded with in New York ; and there seems a disposition on the THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY gVENING, AUGUST 1, part of the authorities at Washington to take the execution of the Presidential order upon themselves. The independence of the State of New York is thus seriously endangered for tl• e present; and the Union party in the city and State are eagerly and truculently hounding on the Washington Govern ment to crush every vestige of local jurisdiction. The draught is to be enforced, and it is the Presi dent alone who has the right and the might to en force it. The attacks of the Republicans upon Governor Seymour are violent, even beyond the limits of American abuse. Seymour himself and his Democratic party are traduced as the authors of all this last week's rioting. Their sympathies are said to be with the slaveowners in the South, and with the cutthroats and robbers of the North. They are banded as the enemies of the Union and the country, men to be closely watched and held in check with a strong hand. To give you an idea of the instability of public opinion in this country, I may as well tell you that no later than Tuesday last, when about landing, I was assured by the unanimous assertion of all my American fellow-citizens, most of whom were the blackest of Republicans, that no man had a better chance of being the successful candidate for the next Presidential election than Governor Seymour, and that no man better deserved it. But Governor Seymour is now thought to be Lukewarm in the cause of the war and indifferent to [he interests of the Union ; therefore the conscrip ion must be furthered in spite of him, and power is to be taken from his hand lest ho should show remissness or tenderness in its enforcement. Yet a man need be neither a rebel nor a traitor to think that a law of conscription in America was an unwise measure in itself, and the 30U dol. clause an iniquitous disposition. A man need be no enemy of his country for h lding that an army of one million combatants ought to be equal to any task, and that it were better to think of rendering it efficient by discipline than of enfeebling it by the introduction of raw and reluctant recruits. That the law, how ever improvident and impolitic, must be executed, may be true, but a man may be the very best of patriots, and yet be glad of any means by which the enforcement of the law may be effected with forbearance and humanity. American party spirit, however, is not amenable to such considerations. The Republicans wish to ,‘ go the whole hog'' in this matter of the draught, and the New Yorkers of that hue do not hesitate to crush their hitherto popular Governor in the attain ment of their object. Seymour can at this present moment reckon on no very extensive support. The City Council, almost to a man, and the wealthiest people are with him ; but nearly the whole State Legislature, the public functionaries, and the middle classes would sell their very birthright for the Union, and for anything they may fancy conducive to its maintenance. It will not do, however, for the prevailing party to rely too sanguinely on their success. There is disaffection among the soldiers, I am told; the Militia regiments which were summoned in haste from Pennsylvania were ready and eager enough to put down a mere thieves' riot ; but they protest they will not fight for the draught, and will not be brought into collision with their countrymen on that score. ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE. WESTERN CIRCUIT.—E XETER, July 30. CROWN COURT. (Before Mr. Justice Willes.) Wm. V. Williams was indicted for maliciously obstruct ing the working of a mill wheel, used for the purpose of draining a mine called East Brookwood Mine, with intent to destroy or damage the mine. Mr. Bere prosecuted; Mr. Carter defended the prisoner. This was an indictment preferred under the Malicious Injury Act (24 and 25 Vic., cap. 37, sec. 29), by which it was declared that any person who should maliciously stop or hinder the working of any engine, with intent to destroy or damage any mine, with intent to hinder and delay the working of the mine, should be guilty of felony. The pri soner up to July 3 was captain of this mine, and was a large proprietor of the mine, having 384 shares, and was the ori ginal lessee. He, however, became unfortunate, and was a bankrupt, and after that the other shareholders thought he was not a proper person to continue to be the manager, and they suspended him, upon which the prisoner said, " Then, gentlemen, I am suspended, and I will suspend the operations of the mine," and on July 6 the hatch was put down by Williams for the purpose of stopping the work ing of the mine, by which damage was done to the amount of In the cross-examination of the witnesses it appeared that the prisoner had acted so well that his wages had been increased three times. The mine could have been set to work again in five minutes. As soon as the prisoner had stopped the wheel he went away and did not return again, and never interfered after. The learned Judge said he was of opinion the case came within the statute. Mr. Carter said his client was willing to promise not to repeat the act, but he could not advise the prisoner to say that he had done it maliciously. Mr. :Bere said there was no desire to press the case harshly, but only to let the public know what the Act of Parliament was. Mr. Carter said the prisoner might withdraw his plea i he chose, but he would not advise him to do so. The prisoner said he would plead guilty, The Judge said he would treat this case as one of warning and the prisoner must enter into his recognisances to come up for judgment when called upon. Wm. Slaney Toms and five other persons were indicted for a riot at Ilfracombe, on the 25th April. Mr. M. Smith, Q,C,, and Mr, Lopes prosecuted; Mr. Karalake, Q.C., and Mr. Coleridge, Q.C., appeared for the prisoners. It appeared that there had been some ill-feeling existing against two persons named Moon and Carter, who attended as witnesses before a committee of the House of Lords upon a railway bill. Moon and Carter had thought the railway to Ilfracombe would be injurious to the town of Ilfracombe and had exerted themselves and attended as witnesses against the bill. On the evening of April 25th some of the active promoters of the measure returned from London; they arrived about 10 o'clock on the Saturday night. They first went to the Clarence Hotel, where from 200 to 300 people were assembled. In five minutes Toms and Huxtable came out of the hotel and put themselves at.the head of the mob, which proceeded, hissing and groaning, into the garden of Mr. Moen. They threw stones at the house and broke the windows. They then went to the house of Mr. Carter, who was out, but Mrs. Carter and her four children were in the house; they knocked at the door and broke the windows. A policeman who had followed the mob caught Baker by the collar and asked him if he knew what he was about. Toms replied, "You can't stop this; come boys." They then returned to the house of Mr. Carter, hooting, and throw ing stones. Toms said, " Como to me on Monday, and I'll be your leader," and he told the policeman that was nothing to what he would have. The two policemen of the town did all they could to put a stop to these riotous pro ceedings, and at last after this state of things had gone on for two or three hours Mr. Vye, the magistrate, was sent for. He came and tried to persuade the mob to go away quietly, but they would not attend to him. He then went home and fetched the Riot Act, which he read, and he ex plained to the mob the consequences of their conduct. It was a tumult of a very grave character, as the mob had swollen to such an extent that there were between 600 and 700 persons assembled. They threw stones during the time the Riot Act was being read. They then got into small parties and went about the streets singing " We'll all hold together, we'll all riot together." The police begged them to go home, but they said they should not, as they were not 12 together. Eighteen panes of glass were broken at Mr. Carter's, and the door of his house was cracked. Witnesses were called who proved these facts. It appeared by the cross-examination of the witness that about a quarter of the number of the mob consisted of children, and there were agreat many women. The mob did not frighten the police. There was a good deal of cheering at first, and then it came to hissing. Mr. Toms was at the head of the mob; it would not be right to say the mob came behind Mr. Toms. There were showers of stones. The police did not know that 17s. paid for all the damage at Carter's, and 14s. at Moon's. The houses looked as well as could be expected the next day. The disturbance con tinued till long after 12 at night. Young Moon saw Toms in June; he insulted his father, and called him a barber's clerk, and asked him if he meant to come to Exeter and see him have his hair cut off. Young Moon said he told him if he insulted his father again he would punch his head from his father's into his own house. He had not said that he would have TO11:18'R skin. The father of Toms was very active in the town, and was buried at the public expense, and had a monument erected to his momory. The prisoner Toms was active in doing good for the town. Every one in Ilfracombe had been anxious to have a rail way, and Toms had subscribed largely. The rejection of the bill had caused great disappointment. He was not struck, although many stones were thrown. After Mr. Vye had read the Riot Act he told the mob that if 12 or more remained for an hour it would be a capital offence. The mob then went into sixes, and afterwards dispersed. After the case had proceeded some way notes were ob served travelling between the bench and the bar, and then counsel had a consultation, which resulted in the prisoners withdrawing their pleas and pleading guilty. Mr. Karslake said that after the facts which had been proved it would be impossible to dispute that there had been a riot —at the flame time all the defendants now deeply re gretted what had taken place ; it had all arisen from an excited feeling which had existed at the moment in conse quence of the rejection of the railway bill in Parliament. A suggestion had now been made to which he acceded. Mr. Smith said he was quite willing to believe that the defendants regretted the part they had taken in this riot. It was impossible that justice could have been done without this inquiry. It was of the greatest importance that wit- nesses should be protected from outrage. He trusted the defendants would consider that the prosecution had done all they could to restore the peace of the town. Mr. Justice Willes then addressed the defendants ; they had been guilty of a riot, and an assemblage of persons in large numbers was a very dangerous thing, as no one could tell where a riot would stop. Very likely the defendants had no other object than to mark their view of the rejection of this bill, and he was willing to believe that the result was never contemplated. It was a case in which there was a remarkable absence of personal injury to any individual.— that was a circumstance strongly in their favour. It ap peared they had a desire to benefit the town of Ilfracombe, and they were now ready to express their regret for their conduct, but to do so in a substantial manner by paying a round sum of £lOO to a charitable institution of the town. They must also enter into their recognizances to come up for judgment if called upon, and to keep the peace for six months. CITY OF EXETER, July 31. (Before Mr. Justice Willes.) The citizens of Exeter are exceedingly anxious that due respect should be shown to the Judge of Assize trying the city prisoners in their Guildhall. No doubt this is a very ancient and handsome building, but a more inconvenient one for business cannot be imagined, while the County Court is commodious and well ventilated. Mr. Justice Willes, however, gratified the citizens to-day by sitting in their miserable hall. Charles Westall and Peter M'Carthy were indicted for burglariously breaking into the house of James Windiatt on the Bth of July. Mr. Carter prosecuted; and Mr. C. A. Turner defended the prisoners. This case was rather curious,inasnauch as the house broken into was in the High-street, Exeter, and immediately oppo site the Guildhall, which is the police-station. It appeared that in the night one of the prosecutor's assistants was sit ting up in his bedroom copying music. About 12 o'clock at night he thought he heard some one in the house. Ile threw up the window and called to a policeman and told him what he suspected. The policeman went round the corner to the house-door ; he found the fanlight open and Westall sitting on the door with his legs hanging down. The policeman took hold of his legs and then received a tremendous blow on the head with a most formid able life-preserver. The policeman called "Murder 1" and other policemen came to his assistance, and M'Carthy was found getting out of the house. The first policeman was severely beaten. Upon the prisoners being searched some very excellent housebreaking implements, a spring knife, a dark lantern and matches, and 32 picklock keys were found upon them, A locksmith was called as a witness, and he showed, in a very ingenious manner, the way in which locks having the keys left in them could, with the greatest ease be opened by means of one of the instruments found on the prisoners. It seemed that the prisoners were first seen in Exeter at the time of the agricultural show a month before this occur rence. They were evidently most accomplished burglars. Mr. Turner, at the close of the case for the prosecution, stated that he had been instructed to watch the case on be half of the prisoners ; but as the witnesses were firm in their statements he felt it was useless to do more than ask for as much leniency as his lordship could extend to the prisoners. The jury at once found the prisoners Guilty. The learned Judge, in passing sentence, said it was clear withstand, werevtheerypreixstornaeertsdinary implements most a ccomplished criminals. They ha d a for da b r r h eaki la n n g tern int t o e houses enable which no locks could them to see the property to be stolen, and formidable weapons to resist persons who might endeavour to protect their property. The Court would not be doing its duty if it did not visit such offenders with condign punishment. The sentence would be penal servitude for 20 years. policemen m L e o u rd w s h hi o p e t a h m en e d u i p re 4 c o te s d . ea that cii t . he first policeman should have a reward of £lO , th e second £ 5, and all the other SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. GOODWOOD RACES —FRIDAY. The Nassau Stakes of 50 sous each, for 3-yr ,, old fillies, Bsl 71b each. The second received 100 soya out of the stakes, One mile. 16 subs. Lord Exeter's Fantail, by Woodpigeon, Bst 71b (MT. Boyce) 1 Lord Stamford's Cassidia, Bst 71b (A. Edwards) 2 Sir H. Des Vceux's Roly-poly, Bst 71b (Custan3e) 3 Lord Exeter's Amelia, Bst 71b ........ (Aldcreft) 4 Betting -6 to 4on Fantail and 3to 1 agst Cassidia. Amelia, in company with Roly-poly, made play, closely attended by the favourite, Cassidia lying off. On rounding the turn into the straight Fantail drew forward and ran in company to the distance, where Fantail an d Cassidia came out and finished the race home, the former winning cleverly by a length ; Roly-poly was a bad third. The Queen's Plate of 100 guineas, About 3 miles 5 fur longs. (Challoner) (cuetance) 2 1 7st 91b 6 yrs, 10st 51b crushing weight, made the run. favourite following at an interval They ran thus to half way up the MM rrß:Betting-5 Millionaire,tainYgi Bryan'sr.Ss Io °M.2I i°lli despite 'ne' l°l3 t ns h h :Y i e l s i rirnseie' . length of the leader. The pair ran distance got within a hnofilillillgawlafthaeandsotzeleasnodlyinlepeagedtehr'esw. forward, and as they neared, the with great gameness to the stand, where Milli ona i re began to succumb to the w eight, and the young ene, ca t c hi ng him within a stride or so from home, won by a neck. The Nursery Stakes (Handicap) of 15 80VB each, 5 ft, with 100 added, for 2-yr..olds. Last mile: 69 su b s. Mr. R, Ten Bro3ck's Paris, 7st 41b (inolud. 61b extra) also ran :-.-Youn g R ap id , Roseneath, (Drew) 1 following also Sheridan, Gordian K no t , Madcap, Mr. R. Ten Brceck's Idler, 6st 10Ib (G. Noble) 2 Mr.. W. Day's Mail Train, 7st 21b (J. Adam s ) 3 Bluelnlot T Linda, he A Lytham, fo Bell, and Junius. Betting-11 to 1 0 on Paris (with whom Mr. T en B roec k declared to win), 4 to 1 agst Linda, 8 to 1 agst Junius 10 to 1 eget Idler, 12 to 1 agst Antoinette, and 25 to 1 agst Young Rapid. After two failures (in both of which Junius Idler Mail Train, and L y tham broke away, and ran ' some distance up the hill), the fla g was l owered to an excellent start, Junius having a trifle the best of it, followed by Linda and Gordian Knot, close up with whom were Idler, Mail Train, and Madcap, the others lying in a cluster at their heels. Half way up the hill the three leaders alternately appeared in front, and at the turn into the straight they closed up, and ran together to the distance, where Junius was beaten. Th e favourite was thus left with a cli ar lead, having Linda, Idl er, Young Rapid, and Mad cap as his immediate followers. At the enclosure Linda was beaten, and her place, was taken by the fav o ur i t e , Idl er , and Young Rap id, but the latt er not b e i ng persevere d w i t h he was passed b y Mail Train, who, however, was unable to reach the leaders, and Paris won with great ease by a length. There were four lengths between the second and third, Antoinette was fourth, and Y oung R a pid fifth, f o ll ow ed by Junius and Redcap. The rest were widely scattered. The Duke of Richmond's Plate (handicap) of 100 soya, fur all . Newages • _ _ _ mile. 80, r 4 Mr. R. Ten B roeck 's Dolphin, 3 yrs, Est 5113 (G. Noble)tl Mr. Mr. Thomas's Silkstone, 4 y rs, 7 st ( Wilki nson ) 3 T yrs, 7st 91b (S. Adams)t2 cros cope, Coupon. —Fontenoy, Schoolmistress, Mi .hWe fo D llo ay Wi s ng also eh an. Betting-2 to 1 agst Dolphin, sto 2 agst Coupon, 3to 1 agst Microscope, and 8 to 1 agst Silkstone. Fontenoy jumped away with a commanding lead, fol lowed by Coupon, Bosh, and Dolphin, and kept his posi tion to the distance, where he gave way beaten, and was followed in a few strides by Coupon. Bosh and Dolphin then showed in advance, the former (lying next the rails on the far side) having a trifle the best of it to the stand, where Dolphin joined issue, and an exciting struggle between the two ended with a dead heat; a bad third ; Coupon was fourth, Microscope fifth, and Fontenoy next; Schoolmis tress was beaten off. Deciding Heat-5 to 2on Dolphin, who waited upon Bosh to halfway in the distance, when he took a slight lead, kept it to the end, and won cleverly by a neck. Sweepstakes of 10 sous each, _5 ft, for 2-yr-olds and up- wards; optional selling weights. T.Y.C. 6 subs. Lord Uxbridge's Erythia, 3 yrs, Bst (150 sous) (T. French] 1 Mr. W. Goater's The Hare, 2 yrs, Est 31b (150 Boys) (Mordai) 2 Mr. W. Treen's Spectre, 2 yrs, 6st 101 b (300 sous) C. Page) 3 Betting —Even on The Hare, and 6 to 4 agst Erythia. The Hare held a slight lead of Erythia to the distance, when they closed and raced together to the inclosure ; Erythia then got her head in advance, and won cleverly by three-quarters of a length. A bad third. The Chesterfield Cup (handicap), value 300 soya, by sub scription of 15 each, the surplus in money, for 3-yr-olds and upwards. Craven Course. 56 subs. Lord Annesley's Ace of Clubs, 4 yrs, 7st 91b (Doyle) 1 Mr. Lambert's Aurelian, 5 yrs, 7st 131 b (Fordham) 2 Marquis of Ilastings's Tippler, 3 yrs, 7st 41b .. (Deacon) 3 The following also ran :—Bellman, Spencer, Monk, Chore Arnie, Leonora, Polynesia, Doncaster, Agag, Tademus, Blackdown, Lord of Linne, Turcos, Newmarket, Black Deer, Tornado, Muezzin, Cheerful, and Calliope colt. Betting-4 to 1 agst Muezzin, 5 to 1 agst Aurelian, 6 to 1 each agst Ace of Clubs and the Calliope colt, 8 to 1 agst Tornado, and 10 to 1 each agst Polynesia and Blackdown. The lot got away at the third attempt in close order,with the exception of Tademus and Turcos, who were left some distance in the rear. On settling into their places New market went to the front, but after the first hundred yards he was headed by the Calliope colt, who was closely fol lowed by Blackdown and Aurelian, the most conspicuous behind whom were Ace of Clubs, The Monk, Polynesia, Tornado, and The Tippler, with the favourite lying wide on the left. On reaching the foot of the hill the Calliope colt was beaten, and Aco of Clubs assumed the command,having Aurelian, Tippler, and Tornado as his immediate followers, to which lot the race wee now confined. At the distance Ace of Chibs and Aurelian drew away, and finished a clove race home, Ace of Clubs winning rather cleverly by half a length ; three lengths separated the eecona clnd third ? Tornado was a bad fourth ; Cheerful was fifth, and the Calliope colt sixth. The others were beaten off, the last two being Muezzin and Agag. The March Stakes of 5 soya each, with 50 added ; 2-yr-olds, 7st 71b; 3. yr-olds, 9st ; fillies allowed 31b; the winner to be sold for 300 sow. Half a mile. 36 subs. Lord Westmorland's Laura, 3 yrs, Bst 111 b .. (J. Goater) 1 Mr. S. Thellusson's Cuckoo, 2 yrs, 7st 71b (Mordan) 2 Lord Stamford's iEtna, 3 yrs, Bst 111 b .. (Edwards) 3 The following also ran :—Cutaway, Cosette, Witch of Endor, Telscombe, Overture, Narbonne, Pegasus. Betting-5 to 2 agst /Etna, 3to 1 agst Cutaway, 4to 1 agst Laura, 5 to l agst Cuckoo, 8 to 1 agst Overtire, 12 to 1 agst Narbonne, and 20 to 1 agst Witch of Endor. Cuckoo jumped off with a clear lead, followed by Cosette, /Etna, and Cutawy, Laura, who came on in waiting, lying next the rails on the far side. They retained these l.ositionsuntil reaching the enclosure, where Goater brought up Laura and won in a canter by four lengths ; a neck separated the second and third ; Cutaway was fourth ; with Cosette and Overture close up. The others were pulling up as they passed the post. The winner was claimed by Mr. T hellusson. Sweepstakes of 100 sovs each, h ft, for 4-yr-olds; colts, Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 21b ; winners extra. Cup Course. 3 subs. Mr. Merry's Buckstone, Bst 71b (Edwards) w.o. LATEST BETTING. ST. LEGER. 4to 1 agst The Ranger (taken) 6to 1 agst Queen Bertha (taken) .9 to 1 agst Lord Clifden (taken freely) THE DERBY, 1864. 14 to 1 agst Cambuscan (taken) 100 to 6 agst Paris (taken) 15 to 1 agst Idler (offered) 16 to 1 apt Paris (taken) 18 to 1 agst Scottish Chief (taken) 25 to 1 agst 13irchbroom (taken) 30 to 1 agst Hollyfox (taken) 10 to 1 agst Mr. Ten Broeck's lot (taken) " THE PRINCE OF WALES RACING LEDGER: aMonthly Turf Directory, for 1862 and 1863."—The August number of this comprehensive and invaluable directory has just been published, and, like its predecessors, the contents embrace all the details of racing matters; length of courses, pedigree and running of horses, and, in fact, everything which can be of the slightest importance to the sporting world. It is very carefully got up and beautifully printed, and, consider.. ing the extensive information it affords, and the moderate price at which it is published, we have no doubt it will be found to be indispensable in the hands of our sporting readers. 1863. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. 1a..-- HERALD..-We perhaps hardly realise the im portance of facts which are reaching us by each mail from New York. Digesting the news as it comes piecemeal, we fail to catch the full meaning of the revolutionary action that is making some thing worse than a bear garden of the pride of American patriots; and, like travellers viewing the Pyramids, shall only have the true view when, re moving from the level of a close proximity, we become able to take in at a glance the whole bear ings of the our readers, gigantic work. It has been well for as, indeed, it is fortunate for the European public, that we have had in our corre sponCent "Manhattan" so vivid and well-informed a painter of the events as they have arisen. Long and actively engaged in American politics, none can know better the shoals and deeps of their intricate navigation, and in everything appertaining to the action e s p ec i a ll y of New York society, his graphic sketches come from the pencil of a ready artist, thoroughly at home equally with its movements and the influences that direct them. We risk little in saying that nothing so true or characteristic of the elements that distinguish New York from every other city in the world has ap peared elsewhere, and that no like conception is to be obtained on the true nature of the anarchy which, long brooding over that unhappy capital, has at length manifested its power in a succession of ex traordinary riots. Himself an American de pur sang, the interest of his picturesque and telling nar ratives is increased by his being, in part, " the ori ginal he draws," and from his sympathising so evidently in all the scenes and things he describes for us. Would to Heaven that he had better sub jects for his sympathies and better materials for his descriptions; for it may be doubted if anything more unhappy than either ever crossed the dreams of the philanthropist, exercised the patience of the philosopher, or exhausted the resources of the poli tician. Human nature must have forgotten itself into a new creation not to shudder at tha pictures he gives us from a civilised society in a Jhristian commonwealth, formed mainly, too, of offshoots from our own country ; and terrible as have been the lessons of inhumanity furnished by the records of the war, they whiten before those which he sends us warm and palpitating from the butcheries of his New York streets. It used to be thought that the excesses of a cruelty grown ingenious in the unhealthiness of depraved natures which made the early days of the French Revolution a phenomenon in human history, might be accurately attributed to the wild vengeance of uncultivated masses, wrought by a long custom of slavery into the moral degradation that fitted men for the indulgence of crime as the want of some dis eased nature. Bat the atrocities that are now taking the belief of an appalled philanthropy are the acts of free citizens, who have long exercised every privilege of liberty under a diffusion of lite rary light unprecedented since the invention of letters. The death of Count Foul©n under the roused passions of a Parisian mob, to whom he had been. denounced as a forestaller of corn, was not marked by more revolting circumstances than the butchery of Colonel O'Brien in the streets of New York. He had ventured amid the crowd alone, but, staggered by a sudden blow received at the back of the head, he was at once enclosed, and, when made powerless, was beaten within an inch of his life, and the " almost inanimate body" then taken " by the strong arms of the crowd" and hung in the old Parisian fashion, d la laterne. A few minutes, however, was all that the impatience of the mob could allow for this tame mode of punish ment, and the body, not yet dead, was again taken in hand by the crowd, and thrown as so much rub bish in the street. Now commenced the last indul gence of the taste of a modern mob, and nature, says the reporter, "shudders at the scenes that fol lowed." The body was mutilated past recognition. The head was made one pultacious mass, the clothes " saturated" with blood ; and a crowd of 300 stood around gazing on " the corpulent form " of the powerfully-organised soldier, who lay faintly breath ing, with the eyelids twitching and lips convulsed, and showing the other signs indicative of a slow and agonising death. Left for a time in this condition the body was again seized by some of the spectators, dragged by the legs from one side of the street to the other, and then the head was raised at intervals that an application from the foot of one of the crowd might "dash the already mangled mass again to the earth." And it was while this protracted game of human football was going on in the go ahead capital of the New World that the unfortu nate colonel breathed his last. The crusade made on the wretched negroes reaches, if possible, a still higher region of execrable brutality. Whatever deficiences there may be among this unfortunate people they are characterised by habits peaceable and docile even to tameness, and apart from the prejudices of colour and taste there is absolutely nothing against them in the Free States, except that they can only live by competing with German and Irish immigrants for the meaner forms of un skilled labour. Yet, in the capital of a republic where all men are born free and equal, where the truths of the Christian system are held to be a living code, governing the lives and securing the happiness of every household, a population of Ame rican citizens is found actively at work making the poor people's tenancy of a house a title to burn it, end their appearance in the street an authority for killing them. Our well-informed correspon dent had some time ago apprised us of the coming danger, and noted the fact that it had been so far scented by the victims that they " walked long distances rather than get into cars and omnibuses, where, says "Manhattan," "they are exposed to the scowls of veng eance w h enever t h e ti m e comes." " The indications," which, he added, were then showing themselves on all sides, have been realised, we would fain believe, in even larger proportions than he or any other American could have foreseen. His " low estimate" fixes the num ber already murdered at 200; and how many have perished by fright and famine, or are buffering under a maltreatment almost equal to murder, seems to be past calculation. One of these wretched beings was found by him hinging to a lamp -post, his clothes stripped cff, and a cigar in his mouth, until some boys intervened to release the body and drag it round the block of houses, with the variety of now and then picking out the eyes with sticks, or knocking out " his firm white teeth with stones." When our kind-hearted correspondent was moving from his door to give an alms to an old negro " seventy years old, blind as a bat, and such a crip ple that ho could hardly move as he was led along in rags by his equally aged wife, both trembling with fright, and not knowing where to go," he was stopped by the characteristic warning "not to give anything for God's sake, unless he wished to be killed as an Abolitionist and his house burned." That the warning was a necessary on e may b e in ferred by the eloquent fact that our corresp on d e nt shut up his heari, and 141 his WOMB "let the ohl couple meet their fate," with the prayer —let us -- , Qt it was not a barren one—that Heaven would °-•e a mild one. Every now and then in the shrieks of the negroes, ' with affright," would -0. midway in make the 1.._ his own househniu, "some of them raving mat. make his blood run cold ; and writ . L the riots, he closes with the portentous " Hereafter negro life will be worthless." The alat -ra. ing circumstance in all this is, perhaps, less that an infuriated mob with power in their hands should abuse it on this helpless portion of God's creation, than that the better divisions cf society should be able to make so weak a protest against the atrocity, Our correspodent seems to look upon the extermi nation of the New York negroes as some mysteri ous necessity of democratic government, and when Archbishop Hughes addressed the 5,000 citizens who were supposed to have been largely corn , promised by those crimes, no word of censure upon the most conspicuous atrocity that has yet darkened this century seems to have escaped his lips. It is as well that we should note this sign of the times in a community which must be admitted to be pre eminently civilised, for the costly experi ence that dishonours America must lose half its value if it fail to prove a warning for our own. Opinion cannot be too soon put on its guard against a tendency at once so terrible and unaccountable. It is a national apostasy in morals that asks the careful study of all charged with the responsbilities of public lite, and amounts, in fact, to what Lord Bacon calls " a setting eat in the bark of a Chris tian Church the flag of a bark of pirates and assassins." TIMES.—On Thursday a man was tried and con victed at Maidstone of a murder committed and dis covered under circumstances which, if murderer and victim had been in a higher rank of life, would pro bably have made the crime notorious through the country. The reputation, if we may call it so, of a murder is often due to something foreign to itself, to some fortuitous occurrence, or come relation of the parties to each other or society. In this case these were of the humblest find least romantic class; the perpetrator of the deed was a labourer, the murdered man, a poor, petty tradesman. The event will doubtless soon be forgotten, but the details are hardly less extraordinary than those of crimes which are remembered after the lapse of a century. The prisoner, Alfred Eldridge, a labourer thirty three years old, was indicted for the murder of Richard Steed, on the 2d of May last. Steed kept a small shop, at which the prisoner had dealt, and incurred a debt of a few shillings, for which Steed had sued in the County Court. It appears that at that time, which was three months before the murder, the prisoner had uttered threats against the deceased. Nothing, however, came off then immediately ; the prisoner managed to pay the money, and the men were to all appearance re conciled. About seven o'clock on the evening of the 2d of May the deceased, who had lett his house with a small sum of money in his pocket, was proved to have met the prisoner by chance at a publichouse. The prisoner asked him if he was going home, and, on his replying that he was, Eldridge said he would go wit ri him. They were seen to go away conversing in a friendly manner, and were also noticed on their way by a man who was in his garden. Steed w as ne ver seen again until he was found, about a quar ter past eight o'eldek, in the agonies of death. His skull was bea:f n in, his features were undistin uishable from his ce being crushed and stamped into a shapeless mass, brain was protrudi ng from the fractured bone; hen as taken home, where he almost immediately breathers his last. It was evident that his skull had been cut ot: en with some sharp instrument, and that then he had beeii stamped upon with heavy boots and left for dead. In fee.: the marks of boot nails were on the face. Suspicion a: once fell on the prisoner, and the next day he was apprehended and the house searched. 'I he super intendent of police asked for the boots the prisoner wore on the preceding day. They were produced, and seemed to have marks of blood upon them, but they had been probably wetted and then dried, for they were quite hard. On closer examination a sin gular and damning piece of evidence was discovered. On the boots, which were heavily armed with iron nails and heels, were human hairs sticking in the mud which still remained upon the soles. " The hair was dark brown, and there was at least one gray "hair stuck on the boot." The hairs corresponded exactly with the hair of the deceased, who was an elderly man. In addition to this there were spots on the prisoner's trousers, and he had on a pair of clean stockings, those he must have worn the day before being nowhere to be found. On being ques tioned as to the events of the previous evening he gave an account of what passed which was improb able in itself and was contradicted by a witness at the trial. He said he had left the deceased at a cer tain spot and gone home by himself by a particular way. That way was a very circuitous one, and there was no reason why he should have chosen it. More over, a witness swore that he had seen him and the deceased pass by a spot which, if the prisoner's story were true, he had not been near. The aid of science was then called in to test the evidence that had been collected. Chymistry and the microscope played their wonderful part in bringing the mur derer to justice. Dr. Taylor stated that he had exa mined the trousers and found numerous small spots upon them. These were tested in the usual way, also examined by the microscope, and they were dis covered to be blood. Of this there can be no doubt, but the boots did not furnish such clear evidence. They had marks which looked like blood, but as no " coagulum," or " clot," could be found, it was im possible to speak with certainty. But, on the other hand, the washing of the boots would account for the appearance presented. A red fibre was in one I of the stains, another was still sticking to the boot, and was examined in court by means of a lens. These fibres corresponded with the fibres of a red comforter worn by the deceased on the evening of the murder. Dr. Taylor had, furthermore, examined the hairs on the boot microscopically, and "some of them, in his opinion, were decidedly human hairs, though one of them was doubtful. . . He had compared the hair thus found en the boot with that taken from the head, and they corresponded, as far as he could judge, perfectly." This evidence was corroborated by another scientific witness, Dr. Parry, who was able to state that " he had examined in par ticular a spot on the right leg, and found there cor puscles, or globules, which corresponded ex actly in character with those of human blood." Indeed, there hardly ever was scientific evi dence more positive and trustworthy. The remaining evidence principally related to some admissions said to have been made by the pri soner, and, if the witnesses are to be believed, there certainly seems tittle doubt that he in substance confessed his guilt. But, putting this aside, the case was one of circumstantial evidence, and Baron Channell made the usual remarks and gave the usual caution to the jury. The previous quarrel, the pro posal of the prisoner that they should walk home together, the circumstance that they were seen to gether at a point on the road which the prisoner de nied having passed, the finding of the dying man within a very short time afterwards, the disappear ance of the prisoner's stockings, the state of his boots, the blood spots on the trousers, the human hair and the particles of red woollen sticking on the boots, and moreover, the fact that the money of the deceased remained in his pocket, thus indicating some other motive for the crime than robbery--all these things, though falling under the description of circumstantial evidence, make up a case more convincing than almost any that can be framed by direct testimony. The scientific men, as the Judge remarked, did not so much bring new evidence of their own as confirm by rigid examination that of the uninstructed witnesses, and for that reason the case may be looked upon as being all the more satisfactorily proved. Seldom has a foulder murder been committed, or one in dealing with which it was more essential that justice should not miscarry. the jury deserve every commendation for not allow ing fanciful doubts to impel them to an acquittal, or a perverse view of the case to reduce the crime to manslaughter, To the stupid and ferocious natures of bad men of the prisoner's class the idea that an act committed in a lonely country place, far from any human eye, will never be brought home to them is most apt to occur, and this singu lar case of a foul deed wonderfully proved against the doer will be a salutary warning. Full benefit of reduced duty obtaibed by ply chasing Horniman's pure Tea; very choice at 3s. 4d. and 4s. "High Standard" at 4s, 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every town supply it in packets. • ADVERTISEMENT.]—Avoid medicines: they always aggra vate chronic complaints, but Du Barry's Delicious Health Restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, which saves fifty times its cost in other remedies, invariably cures them, restoring perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, healthy liver, pure blood, refreshing sleep; functional regularity, and energy to the most disordered or enfeebled. We extract a few out of 60,000 Cures :—Cure No. 58,216 of the Marchioness de Brehan, Paris, of a liver complaint, wasting away for seven years, debility, with a nervous palpitation all over, bad digestion, constant sleeplessness, the most intolerable nervous agitation, and dreadfully low spirited.—Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies, Lord Lieut. of Waterford, of many ye ars , dyspepsia.—No. 49,832. "Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting,--Maria —Cure No. 16,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley, Sur r ey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derange ment, and partial deafness•—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness,•indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and 'nervous fancies.—Cure No. 54,816. The Rev. Jas. T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, " of indigestion and torpi dity or the livek, which had resisted all medical treatment." In tins, 1 lb., 2s. 9d. ; 21b.; 4s. 6d ; 51b., u s , ; i2lb., 225. ; 241 b• 40s.—Barry Du Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London ; also Fortnum and Mason ; and all Cr/peers and Chemists in every town of the United Kingdom, A French View of the Duke of Wellington. - The last number of the Correspondant contains an article on the Duke of Wellington. "In the list of her distin guished men," says the writer, "England counts none whose influence on her is of a stronger kind than that of the; Duke of Wellington. All is to the last degree curious and 001 ,:elicafed, but it is sup reme l y i ns t ruc ti ve; an d b y follow ing carei:lllY all that in his character is attractive for his countrymen, ' we have the key to the g rea t er p a rt of the t rans f ormat i ons Ns hich the English mind has passed through during the last 50 yet zs. What we must o b s erve above all is that the m ilit ar y forte. e of the Duke of Wellington goes for little, relatively, in aet,,ounting for the sort of moral dictatorship, which he ended by exe:cising over his coun try. Had he died in 1826, the impression proeuced by hint in England would have been effaced. His retiown would place him by the side of Marlb , rough or Nelson, but of action on the soul of the nation there would be no trace. It is by dint of living and of being that ho has stamped him self on the mind of England, and has sunk the more deeply into it according ai the date of his successes sue his mate rial services becomes more remote. His glory b t u but a small share his power. He predominates by the force of his character, and it is simply for what he is, rather than for what he has done, that people admire him and seek' to imitate him. What is called the ' great war' has much, less charm for the English people than is generally sup posed; and though towards its close that great struggle ex cited popular enthusiasm, for the last 30 years at least Eng land makes it a principle to discredit war, and directs all her energy to the peaceful development of society. Since teie Re form Bill in '32, and Sir R. Peel's reforms in '4l, the move ment of the English mind is become social, commercial, political (only occasionally), educational above all and always, but never military. Now it was in the very height of this movement, and during tho last 12 or 15 years of the Duke of Wellington's life, that his country has become as it were incarnate in him, and pushed its veneration for him to founding after his death an institution the main ob ject of which is to train up young men to imitate the civic virtues, the special moral excellence, of the illustrious Duke. Owing to his militaily fortune her preponderance for several years in the affairs of the world, it is not for that alone that England feels grateful to him ; it is for his secondary qualities thiot she identifies herself with him; it is by that sort of excellence which is within every man's reach that he has subje,eted, as it were, the public mind. I irtues that may be pfactised by every Englishman are what proud Albion honours in Wellington, and what renders the union between the country and the man indissoluble. Of the qualities by which men govern, england seems to hold but little account in the Duke. What she demands are the qualities of submission to duty, those which are most valuable in the ordinary occurrences of life. Absolute obedience to duty is what it seeks and admires. If you want to know after this how England claims the Duke of Wellington, the answer is easy ; she claims him more by peace than by war. Of the mere soldier she already thinks less; but what she honours and would imitate is the citizen—the subject of the Crown— the most devoted servant of the nation. One of the most remarkable things in the Duke of Wellington was his little inclination a priori for war. From the beginning to the end of his career it was from him that pacific counsels always proceeded; and his moderation astonishes even those who knew him best. No man ever felt more deeply than he did all that even a successful war has of the terrible; and per haps the greatest of all praises to which he is entitled is that never during his long military career did he allow himself to be led away by the charm of glory ; never did this sublime intoxication, which even the strongest minds find it difficult to resist, ever trouble the rectitude of his mind, or disturb the dry straight prosaic line which appeared in his eyes to be that of duty." In a note the writer of the article eulogises the extreme delicacy which the present Duke has shown in editing the " Supplementary Despatches" of his father, " In the 8,000 pages already published' we look in vain for a single line tending to disturb the peace or honour of a single family." COUNTRY MARKETS. WAKEFIELD-FRIDAY. Wheat dull to-day, and prices rather in buyers' favour, but no disposition to force sales at any material decline. Spring corn unaltered. Averages for the week : Wheat ,1,911 qrs., at 46s lld Rye — —B Od Oats lO :23s Od Beans LIVERPOOL—FnmAy. At this day's market there was a short attendance, with a dull business doing in wheat, at a reduction of id to 2d per cental. Flour extremely dull, but not much cheaper. Oats and oatmeal meet little inquiry. Indian corn 3d per qr decline. Beans at former rates. EXETER-FRIDAY. Wheat, white.. 6s 3d to 6s 4d I Barley.. .. 3s 6d to 4s 3d Ditto red .6s Od to 6s 3d I Oats ".. ..... ..2s 9d to 3s Od Flour, fine, 35s to 36s ; seconds,l34s to —8 per sack. CATTLE. Fat beef, p sc., 10s0d to 11s6d Ewes, per it .... 51d to 614 Pork carcases, 78 Od to 8s Od Wethers, d 0.... 7d to —d Lamb, p 1b.......—d to d Fat calves, d0...6id to7o. Rough fat, 31d per lb. STAMF ORD-FRIDAY. White wheat, 48s to 49s ; red, 45s to 47s per 36 stone. Barley, malting, 36s to 40s; grinding, 28s to 32s per qr. Oats, 22s to 26s per 24 stone. Beans, old, 42s to —l3 per qr. ; new, 39s to —s. BRISTOL SUGAR-FRIDAY. The market this week has been more active, and better prices have been obt a i ne d. A moderate business has been done in refined goods, and prices remain unaltered. Rums in consumptive demand at about id per proof gall, higher. DUBLIN-FRIDAY To-day the show of wheat was small, but late rates were not improved. Business dull. Some samples of new oats (tawney) appeared, and were taken for export at 14s to 14s 6d. s. d. a. d. Wheat, white 11 0 to 12 0 Do., red lO 0 to 11 0 Do., new Barley Oats Do., black — 0 to 0 s. d. s. d. Beans.. . 0 to 0 Bere . — 0 to 0 Rapeseed .... 0 to 0 Oatmeal l2 0 to 15 0 Bakers' flour Indian corn COAL k /noes of Coal per. Ton a .ARKET. the close of the market. s. d. kvalker Primrose 13 0 Carway and Duffryn Malting l9 6 Eden Main...., 16 0 North Pelton Gas. 13 3 Hastings Hartley —.15 9 Davison's West Hart ley 15 9 Holywell 16 3 Wylain 16 3 West Wylatn.. . Walls End. 8. d. Eieugh Hall 16 6 Hartlepool.. l7 6 Trimdon Hartlepool 17 6 South Hartlepool 16 6 East Hartlepool 17 9 Kelloe .........16 9 South Kelloe. l6 6 Hetton 18 0 South Hetton 17 9 Russel's Hetton 16 9 Burn.... Gosforth l5 9 Riddell ..15 9 Harton 15 Frarawellgate.. l6 0 61; sold, 56. Walls End. Brsddyll's Hetton 16 9 Tunstall . ... l5 9 Haswell lB 0 Caradoc l7 0 Ships at market Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and itlauritius, via Southampton Aug. 18. via Marseilles Aug. 13. Arazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. Aug. 4. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena Aug. —. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southarnpton Aug. 2. via Marseilles Aug —. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton Aug. 2. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Aug. 2. .. . . _ . via Marseilles Aug. --• India (Bombay), via Southampton Aug. 10. via Marseilles Aug. 4. Portuga1.... Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Aug. 2. via Marseilles Aug. —. Newfoundland Oporto and Vigo .. U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet Aug. 6, _ . 'by U.S. packet by Canadian packet Aug. 7. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe .. Aug. 10, Bahamas, via New York Aug. 27. Mexico • ...Aug. iS. All Ca p lifornia. andarts of West Brit Indiesish , Columbia including . Chili, Peru, ) . Aug. la. Births. BRYDONE.—On the 30th ult., at Chester-place, Regent's park, the wife of Mr. Walter Brydone, of a son. HENNIKER.—On the 30th ult., at Newton Hall, Essex, the wife of Sir Brydges Henniker, Bart., of a daugh ter. POWELL.—On the 29th ult., at Langton House, Chelten ham, the wife of Captain Powell, R.N., of a daughter. Marriages. ELLis — WILLIAms.—On the 30th ult., at Renhold, Bed fordshire, Francis Ellis, Esq., of Kneeton, Nottingham shire, to Louisa Sarah, youngest daughter of the late Rev. Cha r l es Willi ams , rec t or o f Sh err i ng t on , Bucking hamshire. RUMBOLD—FRANKLYN.—On the 30th ult., at Winkfield, Berkshire, Charles Augustus, eldest son of the late C. E. Rumbold, Esq., M.P., of Preston C..ndover, Hants, to Agatha Ellen, second daughter of George Woodroffa Franklyn, Esq., M.P., of Lovelhill, Berkshire. Deaths. Bsssett, Esq,, BASSETT. —On the 29th ult. , Wm Ch i nnery Esq., of Nether Hall, Suffolk, ages 47. COLLARD,—On the 29th ult. , a t S todmarsh Court, Kent, Edward Collard, th E:q B . t a h. ge u d it 6 . 9 : Hugh Bruce Campbell, CAMPBELL.—On Esq., of The Park, Nottingham, aged 60. ENGLTSII.—_On the 30th ult., at Chelsea, Wm. English, Esq., aged 67. MOORE.--On the 31st ult., at 7, Calthorpo-street, Henry Moore, Esq., aged 75 . A NDRE SITS .—On the 28 th ult., at Brompton, Lieut.-Col. R. A. Andrews, formerly of the 30th Regt. London : printed and Published byWILLI A ai ANDREWS. of No, 112, Strand, Printer, at Tim SUN Office, No. 112. Strand, in the Precinct of the :Savoy, in the COuntlf of Middlesex.— Saturday, August 1, 1868. I I