The Sun. — London, England, 1863-03-02 00:00:00

T. JAMES'S HOTEL, 77, Piccadilly, corner of Berkeley-street, the best site in London for viewing t e Loyal Procession.—WlNDOWS, B a lconies, and Seats to b,.LET. Apply at the office, on the premises ; or to ltobt. W. 011ivier, mus'o pOlisher, No. 19, Old Bond-street, W.' ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT GARDEN. Lnder the Management of Miss Louisa Fyne and Mr. W. 'Harrison. Sole Lessees. Tills EVENING, March 2. lie's New Opora of TILE ARMOURER OF NANTES Mi s s Louisa Pyne, Mrs. A. Cooke, and Miss Anna Hiles ; Messrs. W. Santley,El.Wei H. Cord, C. Lyall, Aynsley Cooke, and W. Harrison. ss, Conductor —Mr. A. Mellon. After which, the Grand Comic CII7I9(MRS Pantomime, en 'titled HARLEQUIN BEAUTY AN li!THE BEAST. Doors open at hall-past 6--Ibmmenee at 7. THE ATR E-R OYA L, DRURY-LANE.- Lessee and Manager, Mr. Edmund Falconer. THIS EVENING, BONNIE DUNDEE; or, The Gather ing- of the Clans. Messrs. Henry Lorraine, Edmund Phelps, Sinclair, Chas. Selby, Henry Haigh; Mrs. D. P. Bowers, Mrs. Edmund Falconer, &:c. After which, the Grand Pantomime of LITTLE GOODY TWO SHOES. Commence at 7. THEATRE -ROYAL, HAY RIARKET. Less. Mr. J. B. . THIS EVENING,ee at Seven o'clock. Buckstone will be performed OUR AMERICAN COUSIN. Asa Trenchard, Mr. Buck. stone ; Lord Dundreary, Mr. Sothern. After which, a new and original Extravauanza, entitled RASSELAS, PRINCE OF ABYSSINIA ; or, The Happy Valley. Rasselas, Miss Louise Keeley. Concluding with MRS. WHITE. THEATRE -ROYAL LYCEUM OPEN, under the Sole Management of Mr. PECHTER THIS EVENING, March 2, to commence with an Original Sketch, entitled A SUDDEN ATTACK. Messrs. Shore, Garden, H. Widdicomb, Miss Henrade, and Mrs. Lee. Atter which, at a Quarter to Eight, a New Romantic Drama, in Three Acts, and Prologue, entitled THE DUKE'S MOTTO, by Paul Feval and John Brougham. The principal character will be sustained by Mr. Pechter, sunported by Messrs. G. Vining, J. Bro u g ham, H. Widdi combe, W. M`lntyre, P. Charles, Garden, Raymond, H. Butler, Dawson ; Misses Carlotta Leclercq, Kate Terry, E. Lavenue, and Elaworthy. Mr. Phelps and Mr. W. Montgomery are engaged, and will shortly appear. roors open at half-past Six, performance to commence at Beven. Private Boxes, £2 128. dd., and .£2 2s. Places registered. Stalls, Cs. 6d.: Dress Circle, 55. Cc!. ; Upper Circle, 4s. 6d. Prices at doors—Stalls, es. ; Dress Circle, ss. ; ITpper Circle, 4s. ; Pit, 2s. ; Gallery, is. No half-price. Box ,office open daily from 11 till 5. The public are entreated to take notice that no charge is made to the occupants of boxes, oox places, or stalls, either for playbills or for the sate keep ing, of hats and cloaks : and that the attendants in all parts of the house are forbidden to receive any gratuities whatever Stage-Manager, Mr. G. Vining. Acting-Manager, Mr. H. Barnett. R OYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE Lessee and Manager, Mr Lindus. THIS EVENING, an entirely new and original romantic drama, in four acts, by Lewis Filmore, Esq., entitled THE WINNING SUIT. Messrs. Marston, Vezin, Stephens, Fitz- James, &c. ; Miss Amy Sedgwick, Miss Murray, and Mrs. H. Marston. To conclude with the Drama of ALL THAT GLITTERS IS NOT GOLD. Messrs. Fitzjames, 13elmore, Vezin, and C. Seyton; Misses Constance Aylmer, M. Jones, and Mrs. H. Marston. NEW THEATRE-R0 YAL, ADELPHL- Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, the new comedietta, entitled A GREY MARE. Mr. J. L. Toole and Mies Marie Wilton. To be followed by ONE. TOUCH OF NATURE. Mr. B. Webster, Mr. Billing - ton, and Miss H. Simms. After which, A VALENTINE : Messrs. J. L. Toole, Paul Bedford, Miss Kate Kelly, and Miss Seaman. Concluding with TILE GAMBOLS OF ARTHUR AND BERTRAND AND GEORGE DE BARNWELL : Messrs. J. L. Toole, P. Bedford, Stephenson, C. J. Smith, Romer ' • Miss Woolgar. Terminating with the Transformation Scene. Commence at 7. The Weather.--Sun Office, March 1, 1863. THERMOMETER. Highest since Noon yesterday. 49 Lowest during the night This day at Noon 46 Barometer-29.95. Wind—South -Westerly ; fresh and squally, with dull showery weather. MARCH 2. THERMOMETER. Highest since Noon yesterday .. 47 Lowest during the night .. 38 This day at Noon ...... 50 Barometer-29.93. Wind—S.-W. ; fresh and gusty, with cloudy, dull weather, inclined to rain. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, h. m.—Afternoon, 12h. 30m, To-Ntowtow.-Morning, 12h. 56m.—Afternoon, ' lh. 16m. THE WEDDING SUN. ON TUESDAY, 10TH MARCH, Will be published AN EXTRAORDINARY EDITION CF Eke Aust. SUPERBLY PRINTED IN COLOURS, With Illustrations by the First Artists, THE SUN OF THAT DAY, Altogether unprecedented in Newspaper Printing, Will contain MEMOIRS of the PRINCE and PRINCESS, IN DANISH AS WELL AS IN ENGLISH. WITH A Pull Account of the Marriage Ceremony. germs for Advertisements, One Shilling per Line.) 1' rice of the Wedaing Sun, 6d. ; Stamped, 7d. Orders received by all Newsagents, and at THE SUN Office, 112, Strand, W.C. .2 c Snit 1,‘,7 " _ LONDON, MONDAY, MARCH 2, 1863. There was a rather sharp discussion on the Navy RFAimates on Thursday evening, which must result b.l some public good, if it did not meet all the re qoirements of hon. gentlemen most conversant with matters of shipping. The heavy amounts demanded for wages and repairs excited much, and we think very deserved, comment from both sides of the house, for what concerns the Navy belongs to the independence of the nation, and not to the especial benefit of either party—no matter which happens to be in office. The great contest was between iron and wood for men-of-war now building or about to be built. Our experience is as yet but in its in fancy as to the working of iron. Its hardness is allowed, and its efficiency placed beyond doubt as to durability, but as to its warlike applicability we are as yet completely at sea. We have had no proof how far our present ideas or expectations may be realised. So that until we test its presumed const:uctiveness by actual experience, much of our prophetic assertions must be taken for what they are, worth. So far as we have yet had a fair trial, I lhatters look well on the whole, but even then we 'Red constant changes and alterations suggested, an dmany of them are deemed indispensable. Indeed, the t heory very seldom results in being established • satisfactorily in practice. How could it be other wise ? W e are embarked in a new undertaking altogether, and fancy that our experience in the old must be a proper guide in the new. And so far it ought, but the mistake con sists in presuming overmuch. Renee the frequent mistakes that occur at every step. A rgument has little weight against official authorit y which too often presumes on very insufficient knowlege, a n d frequently dictates from the very arrogance of power much against the public interest. As iron engrosses public attention at present almost to the exclusion of anything else in naval affairs, the debate became more exciting than ever as to the proposed construction of five moreships of Wood simil ar to the Royal Oa k an d ot h er vessels of her class. Objection was taken that as iron was now allowed to be the best material it was next to useless building more vessels of wood which was so liable to decay, whereas iron would last fifty years at least. The ministerial answer to this was time and cost. As we had now more wood in stock than ever, it was considered cheaper to use up that material than to pay for iron, seeing that the 'wood was already paid for. And the more so that economy was pressed on the Government to such an extent that they had reduced the Estimates more than a million from those of last year. Besides, time was an essential argument in the matter. They could construct the five frames of wood in far less time than those of iron, and at far less cost. Indeed, it was considered very expedient to have the ships completed with the least possible delay. This was admitted, but still—there was nothing like leather in the patriotic mind—and so iron, and nothing but iron would be thought of. In this dilemma Lord PALMERSTON undertook to sus= pend the building of the wooden frames until an estimate was furnished of the comparative time and cost of wooden frames covered with armour-plates, and iron frames backed with wood and covered with armour, which was undoubtedly the best, so far as our present experience went. But iron ships would take two years and a half to build, and then there was a great difficulty in keep ing their bottoms from becoming foul. Again, it was considered that old ships covered with armour would not be so good as ships newly framed out of timber for the purpose, because the latter would be constructed on a different principle, and would not contain unsound places. This reasoning seemed to convince the house so far, and the vote was allowed to pass for armour-plating those ships now com pleted and ready for their armour, his lordship pledging the Government that the construction of the five wooden frames should be suspended until the comparative estimates were furnished which would be in about a fortnight hence. Now, we humbly think that as time presses, and as Lord PALMERSTON said they were in a hurry for more ships, there can be no valid objection to build those five ships of wood, seeing that they could be constructed in less than a year, one at each of our great building yards—say Deptford, Woolwich, Chatham, Portsmouth, Devonport, and Pembroke —making up half a dozen, which would employ the workmen and use up the timber, rather than let it be damaged by time. If those ships now con structed of wood, and ready for their armour-plat ing, are good for warlike purposes, where is the objec tion to a few more, in order to complete the comple ment necessary to place our Navy on aproper footing? And the more so, that as the number of ships wholly to be constructed of iron will take a long time, it is but right that we should be in a good condition with the best we can get in the shortest time possible. Nobody can tell what emergency may suddenly arise, and we ought to be prepared for all contingencies. As oar system of iron plating is at present but experimental, why should the thickness be limited to 41 inches, when it has been proved that shot can be sent though six or seven inches at 200 yards, or even at a further distance? Suppose that an ex periment of some three inches thick were tried on the new ships, and to limit the tonnage, to 3,000 or even to 2,000 tons, instead of larger, as in dicated by Lord CLARENCE PAGET, for the diffe rence in weight would give two or perhaps three miles more in speed, and speed is as great an essential as power. Besides our ships are not to be always fighting pitched battles or thundering at fortifications, and it is absurd to be encumbering a vessel with heavy armour constantly, which may only be required once in a war to do battle on a grand scale. The days of the Nile and of Tra falgar will never be experienced by fleets manoeuvring as of old—such as trying to get the weather gage and breaking the line—these must now give place to fighting on a new principle—such as at close quarters, or boarding when opportunity offers. So we think that until experience assures us of the best mode of equip ping a man-of-war, we shall not be far wrong in trying what a thinner coating of:iron may effect. Let us try what a good ship in light armour can do—she will cost far less, and may prove in the main more efficient for the purpose. It is well worth the trial, for be it remembered that a thick ness of only one inch of iron will glance off a shot striking the side of a vessel at a slight angle, while three inches will resist it almost at point blank. Besides, taking the motion of the ship into account with the sweeping swell or undulating sea, the chance of damage by shot will be considerably re duced. Thus lightly armed ships will be like so 1 much cavalry, ever on the alert, and ready for mis chief at any moment. To steer a middle course seems to be incompatible with the prejudiced and one-sided views entertained by many otherwise intelligent individuals. They are " All in extreme and nought in the degree." Thus towards the end of the eighteenth century a British Minister, rather than vouchsafe their just demands to our North American colonies, involved the country in a bloody, unpopular, and disastrous war, when fair treatment and moderation would have secured the affection and support of a loyal colony. Such a mistake could not be perpetrated in the pre sent advanced state of constitutional government ; but if such men as Professor GOLDWIN SMITH had any weight with others than the Man chester sahool (whose influence on public opinion, we are happy to say for the credit of the nation, is fast waning) serious damage might be done to our mercantile prosperity. As it is, it matters little what a few fanatics may preach, and a few deluded dupes believe, the common sense and pride of the great bulk of Englishmen pass it by with pity rather than anger. Because it has been deemed expedient to take into consideration the demand of the desire of the people of the lonian Isles to be reunited to the kingdom of Greece, up start men hardy enough to demand on the plea of eco nomy that England shall relinquish all her colo nial possessions. In the United Service Magazine of this month there is an excellent article on our colonial empire, in - which the subject is fully I argued, and the absurdity of the project fully exposed. It shows that the dependencies of the British Empire must be divided into two classes— viz., those which are in a strict sense colonies, and which require protection from the Home Govern ment, and which in return only offer a home to the emigrant and supply the home market with colonial produce; and those which are held as naval sta tions, convict depots, and such dependencies as are maintained chiefly for objects of Impe rial policy. In considering, therefore, the expense of our colonies, which causes so much concern to Messrs. BRIGHT and COEDEN and the Professor, it must be borne in mind that a considerable portion of the expense incurred by this country in main taining troops in the colonies and in fortifying har bours is required for the convenience of our navy and to protect our commerce. Under this head may be classed Gibraltar, Malta, Hong Kong, St. Helena, Bermuda, Falkland Islands, Labuan, and the West African settlements at Sierra Leone, Gambia, and the gold coasts ; while Canada, British Columbia, the Australian Colonies, New Zealand, the Cape of Good Hope, Natal, British Kaffraria, Jamaica, Honduras, Bar badoes, B:c., are simply comm erc i a l stations wh i c h in time may drop off from the parent tree, or rather like young birds who, when they feel their strength, leave their mother's nest and maintain themselves. Let any one glance at a map of the world THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, MARCH_ 2, 1863. in which the possessions of various countries are clearly defined, as in Mr. STANFORD'S colonial office list, just published, and they will see that the extent of England, compared with that of her colonies, is but as a drop in the ocean; or, again, take into account those States which have thrown off their allegiance, and near:y one half of the habitable globe is, or has been, under British rule. And now, because it suits the whim of certain political dreamers, is the common sense of Englishmen to be insulted by the de mand that they shall forego all the ad vantages that the courage of their forefathers has bequeathed to them as a heritage ? To what end ? To reduce expenditure which the misma nagement of her finances has rendered excessive ; or, as in the case of Gibraltar, which Mr. BRIGHT boldly, nay insolently, declared should be restored to Spain, because humiliating to the feelings of the Spaniards for a foreign Power to hold a fortress on their shores. The honourable gentleman quite overlooked the fact that Spain herself, in holding possession of Ceuta and other places on the African coast, was inflicting the like indignity on the Moors. Oh, no, that did not suit his purpose ; his object, and that of all who support this suicidal policy, is to degrade England, and bring her down to the standard which NAPOLEON in his ignorance once rated her at—viz., a nation of sh opkeepers. Thank GOD, Englishmen are made of sterner stuff, and can afford to laugh to scorn the petti fogging intrigues of mob orators or daluded Uni versity professors. When any of our colonies feels itself strong enough to take care of itself, Eng land will not object to its setting up in life on its own account, so long as it does not put itself under the protection of any other European state. This is what she now proposes to do with the lonian Isles—but to cast off her dependencies nolens volens would be a crime which, if perpetrated by a woman to her offspring instead of by a state to her dependencies, would cause her to be committed to prison on the charge of unnatural desertion. The expenses of some of our colonies has been exces sive, this, however, is owing not so much to necessity as to mismanagement and peculation. If a saving is to be made in the expenditure of the country let reformers begin at the right end, and„lop the tainted branches, and not, as • in the case of the relinquishment of our colonies strike, at the root of the wealth and greatness of the nation. A FLOATING HOTEL.—The Dictator, a steamboat now building at New York to ply between that city and Albany next summer, will contain 350 staterooms. She will be the largest river steamboat afloat. NUPTIAL ODE BY PROFESSOR AYTOUN. Amongst other particulars of the preparations for the mar riage of the Prince of Wales may be mentioned the publi cation of a nuptial ode by Professor Aytoun. Mr. Carlyle has completed the fourth, and half of the fifth and concluding volume of the "History of Frederick the Great." He dwells with less amplitude upon the latter part of his hero's career than he did upon its commencement. A meeting, at which upwards of 100 of the ma nufacturers of Prague were present, was lately held in that city, to discuss a project for founding a museum on the model of that at Kensington. A certain sum was sub scribed for the first expenses, and several articles of the statutes were adopted before the meeting separated. STATUE TO THE PRINCE CONSORT AT GUERNSEY. —The committee appointed by the inhabitants of Guernsey to consider the best means of expressing their feelings of respect and esteem for the late Prince Consort have just decided upon erecting a statue of the prince similar to the one which in May next will be placed as the memorial of the Exhibition of 1851 in the Horticultural Gardens at Kensington. A statue of the Queen was in tended originally to have been placed as this memorial, but at her Majesty's desire a statue of the late prince, to be presented by the Prince of Wales, was substituted for it. The work is now considerably advanced, and Mr. Durham will have it completed in time for its public inau guration in the first week of May. The statue for Guern sey wilt be after the same model, and this, as well as the one for the memorial,will be cast in pure copper by Messrs. Elkington and Co. A HARD CASE.—We avoid, as a general rule, all comments upon courts-martial, except when, in the interests of individuals and the service, we feel bound to express au upluitAL. On Monday last an unlucky boatswain, 11.1 r. A. Wilson, was tried at Portsmouth, on board the Vic tory, before a formidable assemblage of captains. The un fortunate man, after an arduous service of 19 years, during which he had behaved himself well, and distinguished him self before the enemy, was absent without leave from his ship five days, and although he asserted he suffered from the effects of sunstroke and had been greatly agitated by some family affairs, and produced a reliable witness to prove he was an abstainer from all spirituous liquors, he was not withstanding dismissed the service and mulcted in 26 days' pay. We do trust the Lords of the Admiralty will reconsi der this case, and not allow the poor fellow to be thrown adrift with old age creeping on hire.—Army and Navy Gazette. THE GALWAY SUBSIDY.—It has been announced by Lord Palmerston that her Majesty's Government have agreed to renew the subsidy for the line of Atlanti steamers from Galway, and the directors have consented to send their ships to such ports as the Government may de termine. In consequence of this announcement, a number of gentlemen connected with, or interested in Canada, are taking active measures to induce the Government to fix upon a Canadian port on the other side of the Atlantic, in preference to New York or Boston, and will submit to the noble lord a very strong case in favour of this selection, mainly on the ground of the injurious competition which, supported by imperial subsidy, will be set up against lines of steamers established between England and Canada, and the British North American provinces. —Observer. ROYAL NAVAL SCHOOL, NEW CROSS.—In cele bration of the marriage of his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales (who is a life governor of this school), the Duke of Somerset has given an extra naval cadetship for competition among the pupils, and the Board of Admiralty have granted nominations for one master's assistant and one clerk's assistant, Royal Navy. These nominations are in addition to the naval and marine cadetships annually placed at the disposal of the Council. Although this school has been established little more than a quarter of a century upwards of 600 of its former scholars have entered her Majesty's naval and military services. THE FLORIDA AT NASSAU.—The Florida arrived at Nassau on the 30th of January. She became at once an object of interest. The Secession sympathisers were jubilant, while the Union men went about in a de pressed mood. Capt. Maffit immediately went to visit the Governor of the city ; he was received very cordially and dined with his Excellency. The Florida presented a man of-war like appearance, her masts being well set, yards neatly squared, and the brass-work well polished. The next morn ing the Florida's decks were alive with a gang of labourers from the town, who immediately set to work making sundry alterations to her interior arrangements, while lighters from shore brought on board provision of all kinds, a chain cable, and rigging. The Confederate officers, in the mean time, were on shore, and succeeded in picking up some 10 or 15 recruits, all seamen, and hailing from every country in the world. The officers stated openly that there was no Yankee vessel yet built which could come near, much less catch the Florida, for it was an easy matter to drive her 17 miles an hour. They ridicule the idea that the Van derbi►t could be a match for her, and wish for a trial. They stated that they would go down to the track of the homeward-bound East India vessels. The Nashville was expected every hour at Nassau, it being rumoured that she had discharged her cotton and was fully iron -clad, ready to Irun the blockade. There were also supplies ready for two Confederate vessels expected from Mobile. The Florida left Nassau on the evening of the 31st, fully supplied for a three months' cruise. She is reported to have made seven prizes off the coast of Cuba and one on the Bahama Banks. All purchases by the Confederate officers were paid for in Southern money, which is taken at par everywhere in Nassau.—. New York Paper. FATAL DUEL NEAR VIENNA.—A fatal duel has just taken place in the Brigettenan, near Vienna, the principals in it being M. Muragna y Nildosola, Spanish secretary of legation, and the Count de Rechten de Mosard, holding a similar post at the Dutch embassy. The comba tants, who fought with pistols, were placed ac a distance of fifty paces, with the liberty of each advancing ten, so that the exchange of shots took place at 30 paces. Count do Rechtern fired the first, but without effect ; and the next moment the Spaniard's ball passed through his lungs and killed him on the spot. The body was left on the ground and was afterwards found by a forest keeper, and a paper had been put into the pocket to induce a belief that the death had been the result of suicide. The Spaniard has already quitted Austria, and up to the present time the seconds have not been discovered. Count de Rechternwas the only son and heir of one of the most wealthy men in Holland. The cause of the tragical event is said to be a handsome married lady, in whose salons the two young diplomatists were received—a fact which excited the jealousy of the Spaniard, LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAM.) SPAIN. THE MINISTERIAL CRISIS. MADRID, MARCH 1 (Evening). Up to the present time the efforts of the Marquis Duero to form a new Ministry have not been at tended with success. THE POLISH INSURRECTION. CRACOW, FEE. 28. The Czas of to-day announces that the Russians have been beaten by Langiewicz near Malagoszec, after an engagement which lasted five hours. Malagoszec is in ruins. BERLIN, FEB, 28. In to-day's sitting of the Chamber of Deputies the debate upon the affairs of Poland was con tinued. Herr Simson violently attacked the policy of the Government, asking if the re-establishment of Poland would be a misfortune for Prussia. What more ill-advised step could be taken by the Govern ment than to supply the Western Powers with a pretence for getting up an European question. Herr von Sybel said it appeared that Count Bernstorff, the Prussian Ambassador in London, had not been made fully acquainted with the con tents of the convention between Prussia and Russia. This circumstance had given rise to a dangerous de• ception of Europe. Never before had a more un justifiable game been played with the interests of the country. Herr von Sybel concluded :—" We desire to pre serve the country to our King, and our King to the country." The motion of Herren Hoverbeck and Carlowitz, recommending neutrality in the Polish question, and asking that both Russian soldiers and Polish insurgents should be disarmed upon entering Prus sian territory, was then put and adopted, with a slight modification of the wording, by 246 to 57 votes. BERLIN, MARCH 1. Private letters received here from Warsaw state that the Government is publishing a journal for private circulation exclusively amongst military men. The reports from the theatre of war, contained in this journal, admit the Russian losses to be constantly augmenting, and state that the insur rection is daily upon the increase. WARSAW, MARCH 1. A supplement to the official Dziennzck, published to-day, announces that the band of insurgents com manded by Langiewicz and Ijezirraniki have been totally defeated near WoloEzezow. The insurgents are stated to have lost 70 baggage waggons and 150 horses. Langiewicz was wounded, and fled. The peasants are said to be seizing the fugitive insurgents, and to have already given up 200 to the Russians. LEMBERG, MARCH 1. Langiewicz is reported to be wounded, and his forces dispersed. It is stated that the insurgent leader Bogdano wicz has been captured. AUSTRIA. VIENNA, FEB. 26. This being the anniversary of the day on which the Austrian Constitution was granted, a Te Deum has been sung in the Cathedral. The Anstro- Germans are grateful to the Emperor for the boon, but everybody seems to think that the Government has done very little towards the development of the Constitution. The Lower Austrian Diet yesterday declared that the introduction of trial by jury was highly desir able, "as jurymen are independeut of the Govern ment, and judges are not." At last it has been resolved that the Modenese corps shall be dissolved. The reduction of the army in Italy amounts to 28,000, and not to 18,000 men. More troops have recently been sent to Galicia, as the Russians are in considerable farce on the frontier. The Galician Diet will again be prorogued from the 2d to the 15th March. FRANCE. PARIS, MARCH 2. The bulletin of this morning's Mon ite ur says : " It is difficult to form a correct idea of the actual condition of affairs in Poland. Every successive despatch presents events under a different aspect, varying according to the source from which the in telligence is received." Le Pays remarks that what is known of the third sitting of the Prussian Chambers, through the tele graph, does not modify in any degree the original character and spirit of the discussion. The great error of the Berlin Cabinet has, says Le Pays, con verted the Polish insureection into a European question, in the concluding the unhappy convention of February 8. The same journal warmly applauds the spirited harangue of M. Simson, one of the deputies who closed the discussion, and whcse address was immediately succeeded by the vote adverse to the Ministry. The excuse afforded by the treaty to England, France, and Austria for com bining against Prussia is a great political mistake, and as such the Parisian journals no less than the Prussian deputies regard it. Le Constitutionnel remarks that the large ma jority by which the Prussian Chambers have passed the resolution referring to Poland, was only which might have been anticipated. According to a cor respondence received by the Constitutionnel, the French Ambassador at Berlin, in obedience to in structions, advised Prussia to maintain a strict neutrality. M. de Bismark replied that the mean ing of the treaty had been misinterpreted, that it was purely a question of military precau tion, and he added that the couree of events in Prussia led him to hope that the convention need not be put in practice. It is further reported that on M. de Bismark being informed of the pro posed diplomatic intervention at St. Peters burgh, he had said that such being a moral support to the insurgents, Prus sia could not take part in it. The Eng lish Ambassador supported the same views as the French, and especially insisted on the evil con sequences to Prussia herself of supporting a policy so generally reprobated. The explanations of the Bisinack being thought satisfactory by the Ca binet of Paris, no further remonstrance was made to the Prussian Government on its behalf. THE BRAZIL MAIL. LISBON, MARCH 2. The Royal Mail steamer Oneida, from the Brazils, has arrived, and will leave today at 1 p.m., for South ampton, with 81 passengers, 250 packages of to bacco, 19 4 packages of sundries, and £2, 561 in specie. RIO JANEIRO, FEB. 8 Exchange on London 27k, Coffee, good first, 7,300 reis. Shipments since the departure of last steame 42,550 bags of which 24,450 are for the Channel. white,2. Stocks,soo browns, 80, 0 1 0 ,9 b 0 a 0 g . s. Freights 4s s. to 50s. Exchan ge on London at Bahia was qu oted 27:1 -to to 28. Cottons '19,000 to 21,000 reis . Su g ars, 18 at A2t7Piertnoam27blu.co,sEugxeahrsa,ngwehointeL. on don was quoted browns, 2,000 t o :2,100. C o ttons, 1 2 7 ' , 8 2 0 0 0 0 to to 7 3,00 0;,09. The Messaregie Imperiales steamer Beam left Pernambuco on the 11th ult. for Bahia, ITL A., HER MAJESTY. WINDSOR CASTLE, March 1. The Queen and their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales, the Crown Princess of Prussia (Princess Royal), Prince and Princess Louis of Hesse, Prin cess Helena, Princess Louise, Prince Arthur, and Prince Leopold, and the ladies and gentlemen of the Court attended Divine service this morning in the private chapel. The Hon. and Rev. C. Leslie Conrtenay preached the sermon. Her Majesty, accompanied by her Royal High flees Princess Louis of Hesse, attended by the Baroness Von Schenck, drove out in a carriage and four yesterday afternoon. Lieutenant-Colonel Du Plat attended on horseback. Their Royal Highnesses Princess Beatrice and Prince William of Prussia, attended by Lady Augusta Bruce, took a carriage airing. The Duke of Nemours arrived at the Castle on Friday on a visit to the Queen, and left yesterday. His Royal Highness Prince Arthur, attended by Major Elphinstone, arrived at the Castle yesterday. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales, the Crown Princess of Prussia (Princessßoyal) and Prince Louis of Hesse honoured the performance at the Lyceum Theatre with their presence last night, and returned to Windsor afterwards. The Duke of Newcastle arrived at the Castle yesterday, and had an audience of the Queen. Major-General F. Seymour and Lieut.-Colonel Hon. D. de Ros have succeeded Lord Alfred Paget and Lieut.-Colonel Da Plat as Equerries in Waiting. Progress of the Princess Alexandra. BERLIN, Feb. 28, Evening. Prince Albert of Prussia, nephew of the King, will leave this evening for Minden, to receive her Royal Highness the Princess Alexandra. Sir Andrew Buchanan, the British Ambassador at Berlin, and Lady Buchanan, will likewise pro ceed to Minden, and will accompany her Royal Highness to the Belgian frontiers. HANOVER, Feb. 28. Her Royal Highness Princess Alexandra arrived here at 2.45 p.m. to-day. _ _ Her Royal Highness was acccompanied by her parents, the Prince Christian and Princess Louise of Denmark; her brothers, the Princes Frederick, William, and Waldemar; and her sisters, the Princesses Dagma and Thyra. Prince Frederick of Hesse, and Duke Charles of Schleswig-Holstein Sonderburg and Glucksburg were also of the party, as well as the British Minister at Copen hagen, Mr. Paget. Her Royal Highness was received by the British Envoy at Hanover, Mr. Howard. The Princess Alexandra and suite have alighted at the Royal Hotel, where they were attended by the servants of the Royal family. A banquet will be given to the august party at the Royal Castle of HPrrenhausen at five o'clock this evening. Her Royal Highness will take her departure from Hanover at 1 p.m. to-morrow . . COLOGNE, March 1. Her Royal Highness the Princess Alexandra and her august relatives arrived here by special train at 9.15 this evening. The Royal party have alighted at the Hotel Bel levue in Deutz, where they will pass the night. The Princess will leave at 10 to-morrow morn ing by special train for Brussels. The Crown Prince of Prussia and the Prince of Hesse arrived here at 10 p.m., and proceeded at 10.30 upon their way to London. BRUSSELS, March 1. Her Royal Highness the Princess Alexandra, with the Princes and Princesses of her family, and a numerous suite, will arrive here at two p.m. to- morrow. The august party will be received at the railway station by the Duchess of Brabant and the Count of Flanders. The English and Danish Ministers, and the Grand Marshal of the King of the Belgians, will leave to-dry for Verviers to await the arrival of the Princess Alexandra . The Independance Beige of to-day announces that the Crown Prince of Prussia will reach Brussels to-morrow morning on his way to London. Her Royal Highness the Princess Alexandra, with the members of her family by whom she is accompanied, will embark at Antwerp for England on Thursday next. COLOGNE, MARCH 2, 11.26 a.m. Her Royal Highness the Princess Alexandra left here at 10 o'clock this morning. The British Consul and numbers of English re sident in the towns of the Rhine provinces were present at the station. Her Royal Highness was greeted with repeated hurrahs, and was presented with a bouquet by an English lady. Prince Alfred. The telegrams received on Saturday and yesterday give a favourable view of the health of Prince Alfred. That of Saturday, dated Malta, 10.30 a.m., announced that the Prince had passed another good night, and was going on fairly. Yestenliy the telegram received was dated Malta, 11 a.m. It is stated that the Prince was going on favour• ably, but was still very weak. lie had passed a comfortable night. The Royal Bridesmaids. Several inaccurate lists of the ladies selected as brides maids to the Princess Alexandra have appeared in some of our contemporaries, and the number has also been exagge rated. The following will, however, be found to be an accurate enumeration of the ladies on whom the honour has been conferred :-1, Lady Victoria Scott, daughter of the Duke of Buccleuch ; 2, Lady Victoria Howard, daugh ter of the Earl of Suffolk ; 3, Lady Agneta Yorke, daugh ter of the Earl of Hardwicke; 4, Lady Feodore Wellesley, daughter of Earl Cowley; 5, Lady Diana Beauclerk, daughter of the Duke of St. Albans ; 6, Lady Goorgiana Hamilton, daughter of the Marquis of Abercorn ; 7, Lady Elma Bruce, daughter of the Earl of Elgin ; 8, Lady Eleanor Hare, daughter of the Earl of Listowel. HER MAJESTY'S STAGHOUNDS.-011 Tuesday last the meet was at Cookham-bridge, when the favourite deer " Cranbourn," having run so well several times from that place, was selected, and turned out at the usual place. Notwithstanding the hooting and mobbing he got at starting, he took his line as usual till reaching th top of the hill, where two fellows with dogs were secreted, and let loose at him, which headed him short back, and disappointed the gentlemen of their anticipated sport. We have frequently had to notice this abuse of foot-people. The only remedy for it is, we think, to turn out secretly, but which plan also has its evils. After crossing the Thames at Cookham the deer went away towards Maiden head, Boyn-hill, Lowbrooks, Waltham, through Shottes brook Wood, on to Hawthorn and Jealous-hill farms to Warfield'and Bracknell, through Sir John Walsh's park to Swinley, when he was let into the paddocks, after running two hours. it was an excellent day's sport. On Friday last the meet was at Warfield. Theraort was a capital hunting run of two hours and three-qters, and finished at Windlesham, with•but few at the end. The country run over was to Hawthorn-hill and Touchen- end ; then back to Binfield, Bracknell, and Swinley; thence to Bag. shot, and ended as above. THE PRINCE OF WALES'S HARRIERS.—The Prince of Wales hunted with his harriers on Fri day last at Ne w Lodge. His royal highness was accom panied by Prince Louis of Hesse, and attended by General the Hon. A. N . Hood. Her Royal Highness Princess Louis of Hesse drove to the meet in a pony phaeton, and some of the ladies and gentlemen of the Court were on horseback. There was a large field. Before commencing the sport their royal highnesses partook of the hospitality of the Belgian Minister. On laying cn the hounds a hare was found directly, and went away to Hawse-hill, but turning short back over the Fifield-lane, then took a ring by the forest, past the front of New Lodge, through Wink field-park, and was killed near the house. They found a brace more, and had two capital runs, killing each of them ; the last run finished at Mr. Dalmer's at Cannon-hill. The day's sport was very good, although the scent at times was very indifferent. The ground was deep and holding, and there were several falls. Both princes rode remarkably well. Count Walew ski, Minister of State, has conferred on the eminent actor, M. Frederic Lemaitre, a pension of 2,000 f a year, from the Ist of January last, in consideration of his long and brilliant artistic career. MAGAZINE DAY. Blackwood's Magazine. Caztoniana' , concludes Motive Power, which sub ject has occupied several series of these reflections. These papers contain some matter for reflection which spec'tlative minds will be glad to dwell upon, and here and there some light descriptions have been introduced that impart a variety and vivacity to their perusal. " Mrs. Clifford's Marriage" is the commencement of a new story, which promises well so far in the way of interest. It appears likely to be one of those tales of domestic misery which second marriages so often furnish to the pages of romance, especially when, as is here the case, there are children to arouse the jealousy and awake the cupidity of the new parent. Mrs. Clifford herself seems a very weak woman, and Tom Summer hayes a regular sharper, whose future line of policy will doubtless ruin the peace and cloud the pros pects of the family at Fontanel. "An English Village" is an essay that beats reference to a French work on that subject that recently appeared. It is said truly enough the "old pictures of village life in England will hardly snit for these modern times." Railways have altered the whole style of things, and the primitive customs of a select circle have altogether disappeared. The descriptions in this little work are admirable, it is said, and some have asserted that it is the pro duction of an English pen, but still it will be of service abroad if it be so. Its chief merit is that it is taken under a sunny aspect; some of the little sketches of society are charming, and the whole tenour of the book is bright and beaming. The writer thus aptly concludes his criticism—" While we are far from claiming to be judged by our bright side only, we are glad that foreigners should see our bright side sometimes. It has not been too often painted in French colours, and we trust that they will give the present artist's work a fair hanging in their National Gallery." " Lord Mackenzie's Roman Law" contains some interesting information, and there is much worthy of notice in its pages. It is said that while the Greek tongue has the advan tage in subtlety and refinement of expression, and is therefore more adapted to metaphysical specula tion and poetical grace, the Latin language " pos sesses a clearness, force, and majesty to which no other form of speech can approach." Among the passages in the work that are referred to here, we find special mention made of one that deserves notice, and it is deeply to be regretted that some judges of these latter days do not take to heart the wise maxims here inculcated, instead of following the bent of their hasty dispositions, and appearing to think that Justice should be deaf as well as blind. Pliny ob- served that whenever he sat upon the bench he always allowed the advocates their own time in addressing him, as he considered it the height of presumption to pretend to settle beforehand how long a time a case should occupy, especially, added he, " as the first and most sacred duty of a judge is patience, which, indeed, is itself a very consider- able part of justice. But the advocate will say many things that are useless. Granted. Yet is it not better to hear too much than not to hear enough? Besides, how can you know the things are useless till you have heard them?" " The Peripatetic Politician in Florence" is an amusing sketch of the state of affairs in that city. It is written throughout in a very entertaining manner,and dis closes to view a glimpse of the social state of the fair city on the Arno that cannot fail to attract and in t erest the reader. We meet with a detailed criticism on Kinglake's " Invasion of the Crimea," that appears to be written in a very impartial style It renders ample homage to the author's extraor dinary talent; but, at the same time, points out some of the errors that appear in his pages. The critic observes, however, that it is partly owing to his own excellences that we have been able to find matter for dispnte,which he explains by stating that many writers confuse things so that it difficult to arrive at an exact conclusion with regard to their individual opinions. Mr. Kinglake's style is "so clear, so precise, that the reasoning, everywhere, shines through, and a fallacy, or an inconsistency has no more chance of escaping detection than a gold fish in a crystal aquarium." It is said, also, that a vast field yet remains in the conclusion of the work for the displt.y of the qualities, in which Mr. Kinglake so pre. eminently distinguishes himself,and into all the stirring news and gallant exploits of the war that remain to be chronicled, " we shall follow him, confident of seeing them treated by a great artist." "The Opening of the Session" is the title of the political article, and as may be sup posed, the writer comments on the singularly in auspicious commencement that the Government has made ; in the first week the Ministers, on the first division, found themselves in a minority, and this bad beginning has been followed by two similar defeats. Still more mortifying, it goes on to state, have the elections proved, conspicuously so that at Devonport, where the Government has been defeated in its own dockyard. After enter ing upon the chief subjects of the day, and ad verting to the mistakes that Mr. Gladstone has committed, allusion is made to the reduction of the naval and military estimates. This, it is stated, is the very course last year proposed by the Conservatives, and indignantly rejected by the Government. The attitude of the times, it is argued, does not seem so favourable for the charge now as it was then. The present plan, there fore, simply proves that they knew they were wrong last year, and are now taking the advice of theia opponents, which they had not the wit to appreciate when it was offered to them. " The Trump card with which the Ministry are to lead off this Session has been stolen from the hand of the Opposition." This brilliant articls is concluded with the following spirited passage: — Everything portends to the speedy ascendancy of the Conservative party in Parliament; and the leaders of the party are the very men to lend to such a cause the lustre of personal renown. Derby , Malmesbur y , Disraeli, Bulwer Lytton, Pakington, Walpo le, S tanley, Cairns, Whiteside, are names of which any party and any cause might be proud. They have the advantage of years, too, on their side; for, compared with their rivals, they are all in the vigour of life, and in the prime of statesmanhood. The tide of public opinion has long been rising in their favour, and they have not long to wait. They are strong, and there ore are calm ; they are patriotic, and will not imitate the factious tactics of their rivals. But their final success is at hand ; and their triumph will be all the more glorious, in asmuch as it promises to partake less of the chqracter of a Iparty -victory, than of an ovation offered to them by the whole enlightened classes of the community. lraser's Magazine- Fraser is this month hardly so interesting as usual, though there is no lack of variety in the con tents. We have the continuation of "Wanderings in West Africa," which is entertaining enough in its descriptions of the wild races of the interior, and the numerous anecdotes with which it is inter spersed. The story of "A First Friendship" is brought to a melancholy conclusion by the death of Rutter. The shipwreck which brings the treacher ous Victorine to look upon the corpse of him she had wronged and forsaken is more dramatic than probable. A dissertation on law and lawyers is somewhat tedious, though there is a good deal of truth in its remarks, which however leave un touched many of the greatest evils connected with the legal profession. We have further on a paper on a diametrically opposite subject—a chapter on Innocents ! It gives us many curious and interest ing anecdotes of that singular class, from the pa thetic story of Door Meg Guffaw to the " naturals," whose sharp retorts were found so formidable by pompous preachers and moralists. We have most of us heard the story of the "daft" lad who Wa s cite d as an example to a sleepy congregation by the indig nant minister, who told them that" even Jamie, the idiot, did not sleep as they were doing," Jamie quietly replied, " An' I hadna been an idiot, I should ha' been sleeping' too !" It is remarked as explanatory of tho disappearance of this class in the present day that the world has outlived them, and in accord ance to the law which regulates demand and sup ply, their occupation being gone, they have disap peared. How far this reasoning hol Is good with the human race, may be questioned ; a more proba ble solution of the matter being that in the present day such characters would be committed to the poor house, where, as the writer observes, , 4 th ey would pine and dio, for freedom was as tneceesary to them as light to the flowere." Serious readers will be attracted by an account of "Theology iu Holland," a topic which will not fas cinate the generality of magazine readers. " Victor Hugo" is the subject of a criticism, which, while cen suring with due severity the principles and tendency of his writings, scarcely renders justice to his genius. The first part of an essay on " Italian Poetry and Patriotism" discourses on the time and country of Dante, Arista, and Petrarch. An account of the " Japanese :Martyrs" gives an interesting record of the sufferings and death of nearly half a million Christians. %Ve have also a criticism of the recent works of Alpine explorers, and some verses which do not rise above the level of medicrity. United Service Magazine. The first article in this number is upon " Our Colonial Empire." The writer takes a very just and comprehensive view of the subject, and exposes the shortsightedness of those penny-wise economists who, for the sake of a paltry saving, would ruin the empire. The notice of "Professional Papers of the Corps of Royal Engineers" is continued from last month, and contains copious extracts of inte rest. Amongst these we may mention those taken from a paper on the application of iron to defensive works, by Captain Inglis, R.E., in which the vari ous experiments which have from time to time been made, both by the corps of Royal Engineers and others, to ascertain the relative merits of different constructions and thickness of iron for resisting shot, are considered. Lieutenant Miller, R.E., on "Iron Plate Carps," and other engineers' papers, are noticed. These papers contain much useful information on subjects which, the reviewer truly observes, must be considered of vital importance to every officer who aims at distinction in his profession, or who even wishes to hold his plus° in the society of well-educated military mi.m. But be goes on to say : The generals commanding-in-chief have, successively, manifested their determination to advance the system of military education throughout all ranks of the army ; mi litary examinations have become the order of the day, but what avails this manifestation of the feelings of the corn.• manders-in-chief, and we may add also the voice of the country, if officers, as soon as they join their corps, obsti nately refuse to continue the studies of their youth, and. perversely neglect to peruse works either of science or neral information, employing their leisure hours in skim ming nothing but the lightest literature, and trashy pe publications. Futile would it prove, were we to at tempt to induce a large number of officers to possess %rim' selves of " The Professional Papers ;" but, at all events, those officers who have passed through the Staff College, and consequently look forward to obtaining appointments on the staff, ought ceetainly to add to their libraries these interesting and appropriate volumes of scien'dfic informs.- tion ; and there can be no doubt that every garrison and regimental library should invariably possess the whole of the pat ere published by the ccrps of Royal Engineers. Under the title of " The Pillars of Hercules," we hsve the history of Gibraltar and Ceuta, but 'there is little to be said of the latter compared with tha of the former. These two natural fortresses, stand on either side of the entrance to the Medi terranean, and were held in ancient times by the Phoenicians and Carthagenians, who at that time ruled the ocean, and were, in fact, the only navigators and traders in existence. In course of time Gibraltar, which is simply the Arabic (Jeb ral-tar) for new castle, together with its vis-a-vis Ceuta, fell into the hands of the Moors, and was only taken by the Spaniards in A.D. 1462. Ceuta came into their possession in A.D. 1580, when Portugal was annexed, the Portuguese having taken it from the Moors in 1415, and it has always retained its ancient name. Gibraltae was taken from the Spatiiards by the English In 1704 by Sir George Brooke, and has ever since remained in their hands, notwithstanding the determined and repeated attempts made by the Spaniards to retakeit, so that at the present time Spain is in the anomalous posi tion of holding a strong fortress on the African coast, while a foreign nation holds an equally, if not stronger one on her own territory. The de scription of the town and its inhabitants, and vari ous matters relating to the station, are given; and the writer observes that if the Governmeut would only lay out the money they expend in the purchase of water in sinking wells, water in plenty could be obtained. 'the ancient system of patronage and peculation which was carried on to such an extent not very long ago is exposed, as regards Gibraltar. A paper on the " Combined Action of Horse Artil." lery and Cavalry" goes to show that these two arnso of the service can act together with gr eat advantage , and the two generals who seemed most to appreciate and make use of this combination weee Frederick the Great and the first Napoleon, who, t'ae writer regrets, have left but few memoranda on the subject. TO first part of "A Trip to Vancouver's Island an d British Columbia" gives promise that its coetinua° tion will prove interesting. Under the head of " Poland," the prospects of the revolution are coil' sidered. The writer, while sympathising with the Poles, fears that the end is inevitable, and that courage and resolution cannot avail against the large armies that the Czar can bring into the field against them. The Russian army, " all told," coil' sists of upwards of 800,000 men, but these are of course distributed throughout a vast extent et country. Still a large and well-appointed fore° could always be kept in the field, which, unless the remonstrances of the Western Powers avail, must in the end crush this last attempt to throw off the Russian yoke. The author of an article on " Gu t Military Organisation" contends that a local feelief should always exist between regiments and spe cia l districts, to the end that a county militia ma y long upon some regiment as its owe; and he cites as au instance that, in the year 1758, the Black WW II ' a regiment raised in the Highlands, which was A t ; tached toLordAmherst's army inAmerica, and forme . part of the British force under General Abercronib le ' in the attack of the strong fort of Teconderoga, they' in possession of the French. The place was vie" ously defended, and after several regiments had been successively repulsed, the Black Watch was ordered forward, and for six hours did those brave men_ persevere in the desperate endeavour to enter th e l t e h a e vi o n r g d , er o t u o t re o t f ir l e ,o ll ) fort,he 1 and thr e o e n times a men, 316 killed and 326 wounded. When the nev i ! withdrewreite reite r a t e d, after ted of this terrible calamity reached the Highlands, n' produced considerable excitement, but the feelin c i manifested was not so much grief a s r e venge, ae in the course of six we e k s a ft er wards I,o o° volunteers came forward, principally relatives el those who had fallen, and so many enlisted tha t I became necessary to form a second battalion of d t 2 l3e regiment, which then assumed the title of the 4 2d Royal Regiment. " Kinglake's Invasion of ,be Crimea" is reviewed, and we have also a paper e " " Some of the Artilleries of Europe." The New aianthly Magazine. The believers in the natural nobility and heroism of human nature must be somewhat shaken in t he : it creed when they peruse the opening paper o f 03' 4 , magazine. The records of " Seven generations Executioners," open such a grim and ghastly P 1314 1 0,, of torture and c r uelty that those who raise tP. standard of human excellence in opposition to rel i ; gious principle must needs shrink abashed from O A spectacle. The family which could boast of seal : generations of executioners was the family of Sane of Paris. "It was a Sanson who broke the ee le c i brated bandit Cartouche on the wheel, °L . , tore the regicide Damiens into four quarters it was a Sanson who beheaded an amiable and inocii nocent monarch, and a beautiful and intelle ctu % queen." The terrible and degrading offi c e was be the satisfaction felt when a family of daughter: in anything but honour in the family, broke the spell, and removed the fatal inheritanc; The painful but powerfully written story of " T ao ; h i s m e e o n n t t continued. evil dv falls a l n t d e x g u e r i p e a o P t ni 1 : 1 ; 00 deeply and keenly the g tii a t e innocent, no h rn a coi d eb o el w ny t o h, foaAwn thesdh hlyodwpyuant a re made to suffer for th e cr i mes o f fh e g uilty G o , defalcations of the f a ithl ess b an k er , G e orge e tl: dolphin, fall with crushing weight on his more r s u it sitive wife and b rot h er, w hil e wide•spread Abbe desolates quiet the country town. Si r Natt discourses on the career and character o f the ele Sieyes, w h ose f amous pamp hl e t lc Quest ee of the Tiers Etat ?" startled Paris in the early day s eventful 1789. " Lady Morgan's GossiPing,,,er, moirs" afford the subject of an entertaining Piertios and a lady of a very opposite character--The story of Sweden—is also briefly discoursed of. ' 1 ,. 0 a $O lO of Granville de Vigae, which is too rauci' f me be an( Nv PI G C