The Sun. — London, England, 1863-11-03 00:00:00

ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT-GARDEN. Under the Management of Miss Lou isa F y ne and Mr. W. Harrison. THIS EVENING, Wdllsce's Romantic Opera, THE DESERT FLOWER c Miss Louisa Pyne, Miss Susan Pyne ; Messrs. W. H. Weiss, H. Corr. A. Cook, and W. Harrison. Conductor, Mr. A- Mellon. —Doors open at half-past Seven. Commence at Eight. THE ROYAL DRURY - LANE. _ TETRA Managers, Messrs. E. Falconer and F. B. Chatterton. THIS EVEN ING (TUESDAY), November the 3d. and Ti- -- d ur ing the week, the vertormances will commence with th e 0N B : John Dobbs, G. F. Ne- Come is ot first appearFl an DO ce B in London); Peter Mr. raternoste r, vine r GII . Be L n ore ; other characters by Mr. Neville, Mr. .1-ct. G rde., Mi s s flarfleur, and .Nisi .hurray. Aver which, Lord Byron's Choral Tragedy, MANFRED. Messrs. t helps, Ryder, Rayner, M . , agreson, Ward, S; enter ; Diivs Heath, Miss E. Atkinson, Miss Leclercq, and Mrs. E. Falconer. Vocalists—Miss Poole, Miss 'Atter, Miss Cicely Not+, Miss Heywood, and Mr. Swift. To conclude with an Original Farce (never acted), by John Oxentord,Esq , entitled BEAUTY Ott THE BEAST. Principal characters by Messrs. Addison, G. F. Neville, Barret, Spencer, and G. Weston; Mrs Edmund Falconer and Miss it. Lecicrq. THEATRE ROYAL HAY ARKET.— Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr, Buckstone. THIS EVENING, OCR MARY ANNE. Alter which, COOL AS A CUCUMBER.. Mr. Charles Mathews. Followed by THE GOLDEN FLEECE. Messrs. Charles Mathew, Compton,Weathersby,&c.; Mesdames C. Mathews, L Keeley. Griffith, &c. And MT HUSBAND'S GHOST. Commence at 7. R OYAL LYCEUM THEATRE. Under the Sole Management of Mr. Fechter. BEL DEMONIO (a Triumphant Success) will be repeated Every Evening until further notice. TEETS EVENING, to commence with a Comedietta, by W. Gilbert, Esq., entitled UNCLE BABY Mess - s. J.G. Shore, Widdicombe, Charles, Miss P. Leaercq, and Carlotta Leclereq.l After which, at a Quarter-past Eight, BEL DEMONIO, a Love Story, in Twelve Tableaux , taken trom Stendhal citarac 's •' Italian Chronicle ," by John Brow:: am. Principal ter by Mr. Fechter, supported by Messrs. Jordan, Charles, BrQughqm, Emery, Raymond, Moreland, Smith, eCltfford rs, C o llett, Andrews, Sims ; Miss R ate Terry, LaYeIlU, Ai. Lee, and AlBB Elsworthy, EL DEMONIO ; a LOVE STORY, in Twelve Tableaux. - NEW THE-ROYAL, ADELPHI.-. Sole Pronriator arid Manazer. Mr. B. Webmter. THIS EVENISG, at 7, THE TRAGEDY QUEEN: Jrs. Stirling. At s, the New Dra ma o f LEAH :.Vise Bateman, supported by Messrs. Arthur Stirling R. Phillips, lithington, Stuart, A Wood, Eburae, Miss H. Simms and Mrs. Billington. To conclude with CATCHING AN HEIRESS : Miss Woolgar and Mr. A. Wood. &-VilL T SS BATEMAN.—LE A I - I.—The triu m ph ant an d e nthusiastic success of the great tragi c ar ti ste, ~„., BATEMAN, on her first appearance in the character of 1 ' in the new five act Drama of that title, having been -1- ;;i it ly repeated, and even exceeded during the last four weeks, a midst the applause and tears of cr ow d e d audiences, and t u e profound impression created upon a ll w h o h ave wit nessed the touching impersonation by Miss Bateman of the h ea rt-broken Jewish maiden, being confirmed by the unani mous verdict and critical approval of the entire press, the - at anager ot the NEW ADEL /111 THEATRE has the honour to announce that Miss BAT EMAN will appear in the New Drama of LEAH EVERY EVENING till further notice ; and in order to meet, as far as possible, the increasing demand for stalls, has added two more rows to those previously existing. PRINCESS'S THEATRE.--HERRMANN, FRESTI DIGATATEUR.—Great Success of Herr mann Performances.—" tie always keeps as close to his public as he can, and courts their vigilance, that his superior dexterity may be le , itims tely triumphant." Times, Oct. 27. His celebrated FISH, RING, HAT, and MONEY TRICK, EVERY EVPNING. Constant change of programme. Commencing at Eight. Half-price at Nine o'Clock. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE. Manager, Mr. W. H. Swanborough. THIS EVENING, FAINT HEANT NEVER WON FAIR LADY. Mr. Leigh Murray. After which, MIRIAM'S CRIME. Messrs. G. Honey, Parselle, Belford, Turner, Miss li.Saville, and Miss Mande rs. To conclude with WHERE'S YOUR WIFE. Mr. Belford. Commence at 7. 11HE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN,' Containing the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE :an be had Every Evening of G. R. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, 6h. 39m.—Afternoon, 7n. 2m To-ktoßitow.-Moraing, 7h. 34m.—Afternoon, Bh. 10m, The Weather—Bun Office, Nov. 3, 1863. THERMOMETER. This day at Two o'clock 4B Barometer-29.81. Wind—South ; moderate, with rain. Alkho' 12/ 7 1 3 , SIM LONDON, TUESDAY, NOV. 3, 1863. A recent number of our French contemporary Le Correspondant, in a very judicious article upon the Representative Institutions of Austria, directs our especial attention to the steady development of the liberal Constitution of that country during the last two years. Festina lento is, especially in poli tical matters, a maxim of sound wisdom. " Rash ness (says the old adage) is before the time; Idle ness is behind the time; Wisdom waits the time." A Constitution, a Liberal Constitution worthy of the name, cannot be made to order. That was the great mistake of the Parisian Revo lutionists of recent days, who imagined that they could erect and establish a free Constitution and Liberal Administration as easily as they trans. planted the Trees of Liberty in the Public Places. Those Trees of Liberty, so transplanted, were not very long-lived in their duration, we b e li eve ! Equally dangerous is that other extreme, which, ignoring present evil, puts off the days of reform regardless of all consequences—apres nous le deluge. Su c h was the fatal error of the old Monarchy of Fran ce 'which led the way to the Great French Revolution, The demagogues of that fearful time were the consequences, not the causes, of th e Reign of T error, in the the gaudy, Its causes are easily rec ogn i se d when otil :Reous days of regal a b so l u ti sm , link: i as an Instituti on an d " the People' an name. Steering b e t ween these two extremes n t f/a rash impetuosity on the on e band, and unreasoning ob struction on the othe r , the Empire of Austria is advancing, towards the advancing, is steadily S desires a widel goal of the popular Representative system. 4, f reely constituted Th e Austria to copy," says L e cor t r r ue model for England, whose illustrious esp.ondant, "is I not the work of a day ; the Scots, thiaeon;Ghetala;:ells)a,s:Wtiniahaeaes. Irish, did not take their places there gradually, day by the side of the Anglo-Saxons. , meat was established slowly and - of circumstances T `Western developed by the :ores . To attempt an d ` t erapt by a legislative enactment, 1- )y an absolute d ecree, to establish the parliamentary system of Europe in Austria, would be to ignore entirely t h e past history of the formation of the Empire, to deny established facts, and utterly to compromise the future of representative instit utions." The (to a , certain extent) Liberal Constitution of the 26th February, 1861, still endures, and the writer of the Correspondant lays great stress upon that word " Elle lure depuis plus de deux ass sans interrup tion." "Two years,'' he adds, " of real liberty and of serious and tranquil constitutional existence is a great thing in the times in which wo live, and it was with a legitimate satisfaction that the EMP!_;1:01i, , asenabl e d t o sa y a t th e c l ose o f th e fi rs t sessione rhot Reichsrath, confidence in the strength of Aus tria has Powerfully increased. Her progressive and decided advance in the new career of pacific deve lopment has ensured for her the esteem of foreign nation s and th e writer s ympathy of friendly S:ates." No country, Say s the this article, has profited so much by its political dangers and difficulties as Austria has ses n i asdoenebar .:a,,a 1 es desastres ant porle s lionheur, e oat sortie." And why s) ? Because she has had ta g w m to listen to the warn in g voice s o f the hour,.; and adapt herself to the s p i rit of the age. T ne upon caree r of development upon which she has entered still extends far in adv ance of her actual progress, bat Excelsior is now her motto. career is watched with anxious symp athy in this, country, nor should the lesson be unheeded. -we are in advance, it is true ; but are we arrived at the goal ? Are our Reforms complete ?—our "Repre sentative Institutions" fully established ? The result of the Prussian elections can surprise nobody ; and indeed, from the first, no other finale was to be looked for. The tide set in strong in favour of the Opposition party, and the favourable beginning seemed to fan their hopes and to nc:•;rv,e their energies till it led them on to a trium'ph'ant issue. So far a decided negative has been given to the boastful assertions of some and the mistrustful notions of others, that when it came to a push the old feeling would prevail, and the quietest course be adopted, namely of leaving things in statu quo. These tame conclusions have not come to pass, as the period of the fitful struggle that has disturbed and distracted all Prussia this past year. On the contrary, all forete'ls a struggle that will ' it' serious and may prove fatal to the hopes, and sit aversive to the position of those who take their st And in abso lutism. A significant fact is seen in the report that the returns of the 'Ministers' cand'Adates have been by small majorities, 'while those of the Liberals have been by immense ones. This isa circumstance not to be overlooked by those who study the case in its different bearings, and at, all estimate the rela tive position of the Royal party and the popular one. It will be of no avail to the Ministers that they have gained some seats in this election, because they have lost more than any numerical majority can impart to them. It will not restore lost confidence, awake disappointed hopes, or renew a respect that has been rooted out by the late un warrantable proceedings. One curious event has occurred. General VON RooN has been elected. It will be remembered that, in the dispute last spring, he declared that he was not amenable to the autho rity of the House, because he was there as a Minister and not as a deputy. Now he will appear in both capacities, and it will be interest ing to notice whether his views will have undergone a modification through the altered posi tion which he holds. Most likely he will be quite as imperative as heretofore, perhaps under cover of his new privilege he will even arrogate to himself increased authority and claim additional exemption. It is as well to be prepared for any emergency, and therefore it is not unreasonable to presume that the most extraordinary and extravagant demands will be made upon the patience of the representative assembly. We know that in the last Parliament the conduct of the Ministers had reached a pitch of assurance that was almost incredible, and so now that they have been left to themselves all these months, with no one to restrain their domineering tendencies, and no assembly to utter a protest that at least brought their conduct under the notice of the public, they will doubtless surpass themselves in arbitrary actions and oppressive measures. Those who are returned on the right side, however, are not likely to let themselves be sunk in the scale as com plete nonentities, nor yield a tame subservience to views that are inimical to the constitution of the country, nor by silence uphold principles that mock the name of justice and do dishonour to the cause of liberty. Herr Von BISMARK may range the fol lowers at his side, but where will be the discretion to command, and where the spirit to follow. The genius of the people will be arranged against them, the memory of the past, the hope of the present, the promise of the future, all belong to his oppo nents. They represent the talent and feeling of the nation, which, wherever it is expressed, must eventually triumph if its supporters have only the faith to cling to the cause which in its native integrity is sublime and immortal. Most probably the policy of Herr BISMARK will ba to provoke and insult his adversaries as much as he possibly can and thus furnish a pretext for another of those ebullitions of temper, miscalled feeling, on the part of Ministers which serve as a pretext for another dissolution. It has come to something in the history of a great country supposed to be possessed of a free consti tution when nothing better than misrule and mis conduct is in store for her, and when her position as a first-rate Power in Europe is menaced. Never was there a more unfortunate combination of affairs for a country than those which seem accumulating in Prussia and militating against her existence as a kingdom, her honour as a nation, and her welfare as regards her people. No man ever did more for the land they profess to serve than the statesmen who now mismanage the Cabinet of King WILLIAM. They will leave a darn page in their country's his tory, and bear with them to the grave the shame and obloquy that attened on men who, placed in a high position, misuse their power and maltreat those who are entrusted to their care. It is well known that men are often infatuated np to the very last moment in their estimate of things, both public and private; they persist in pursuing their own reckless course, and adopting their own ill-advised policy, All at once the crash comes and the business is ruined, the position crumbled away, or the kingdom divided and passed from them. Statesmen who cannot read the handwriting on the wall, which the signs of the times and the temper of the people daily exhibit to their notice are not worthy J f the name, and should not presume to attempt to fulfil the solemn and sacred duties of legislators. So with these ministers of Prussia ; they are totally unfit to rule a country like Prussia, which needs combina tion of powers in her rulers just at present. They should be men who unite the enterprise of the new with the associations of the old generation of poli ticians. Thus can they be fit to direct a nation which needs a firm but cautious propelling in the progressive road of freedom. The present attempt at mutilating the Constitution is sheer madness. Want of judgment inevitably brings confusion in its train. No matter how prosperous may be the beginning nor how buoyant the expectations of the raanceavrers, the day of wrath will surely come, and how shall they abide its advent. It is lament ableto divert on so sad a topic; and perhaps the most irritating point in the whole affair is the utter needlessness sino_essofthe casualty. Some States are to be efforts martyrs to r their tb sad misfortunes, and others are only win cause of liberty ; but their greatest would have the crown, t u for them its cross, and never gain seem s theut a course of events for Prussia sitions a fevi, yelra b to any observer of political po ack to b e ca l m an d equa bl e i n the oven tenou r of its wise with that .w from It has proved other country,und now we must tu rn s ome of our attentio n America, and the fiery conflicts the civil w a r s o f t h e more peaceable but " Of Poland, to wat c h wally Portentous battl e „ Y o f th e Constitution in Prussia, ~,Nivihes and earn t 't is a struggle for Eft. and death, and the s ympathy of En g li s h men go with h th e e a m rtf t e o lt the contest, ll and they will pray that those may come out v ictorious who are making strenuous efforts for t heir inde p enden ce , before it h is snatched away fr om them entirely, onl y to be recaptured in the sanguinary and sorrowful strife that adds poignancy to the bitterness and clouds the triumphs of war. A tolerably correct indication of the social condi tion of a nation is usually afforded by the returns of the Registrar-General. From the seemingly dull and uninteresting catalogue of births, deaths, and marriages, we may extract a good deal of useful informatics as to the state of trade, the condition THE SUN, LONDON, 'I UESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 3, 1863. of :the public health, the aspect of the political horizon, and the general degree of peace and plenty which is enjoyed by the people. The re turns just published, giving an account of the mar riages during the second quarter of the year, and the births and deaths of the three months ending 'with September, contains some curious features. The marriages and births exceed the ordinary rate as much as the deaths do their average number. Daring the last two years the marriage rate has suffered a considerable depression, but in the first quarter of 1863 they rallied, and since then have risen considerably above the average. The registrar conjectures that this may be partly due to the fact of numerous marriages having been de ferred during the last two years, until the arrival of better times. It is satisfactory to find in the tabular division that the North Western counties, which• include Lancashire and Cheshire, show an average of six hundred on the corresponding quarter of last year. Five of the English shires manifest a de crease, and these five, strange to say, are removed from the area of the cotton famine. The unsettled state of the population during the present distress, moving from place to place in search of employment, serves to affect the number of marriages in some of the manufacturing districts as well as the depressed condition of trade. The increase of the population is rapid enough to have startled MALTHUS, being estimated at the rate of 660 daily. This natural increase is modified by emi gration. The attractions offered by the United States seem to be all powerful with the enthusiastic and impressible Irishman, while the "canny " Scotchman is not to be so easily lured from his rugged fare and free action to the questionable luxuries of New York. Of the 58,320 emigrants who left these shores during the last quarter, 20,000 were of English origin ; 36,496 of these emigrants, or nearly two-thirds of the sum total, were bound for the United States. The statistics from Scotland are very different, none of the 3,283 persons who sailed from Scottish ports having gone to the United States. The emigration taken col lectively was nearly three times as great as that of 1861, and there was some truth in the declaration of a Southern journal, that England might easily put a stop to the war, if she would, by checking Irish emigration. Another important ingredient in keeping down the population is the unusually great number of deaths. From what cause, it is not easy to say, but the death rate during the three months of July, August, and September has been considerably higher than that of any corresponding quarter since 1854. The fluctuations of the season have seemingly been injurious to elderly persons, while the younger members of the community have suffered severely from scarlatina, diarrheei, and other epidemics. The two diseases just mentioned have been the main causes of the increased mor tality. The deaths rose to 2.166 per cent. per annum, against the average summer rate, of 1.982. In the Eastern and North-Midland coanties the death rate was rather below tha average of Eng.- land; in London it rose to 2.325 ; in Cheshire and Lancashire it was 2.431; in Yorkshire, 2.446. The cotton districts do not occupy so prominent a place in the list, as might be expected, as, unfortunately, in more prosperous times they have always held a conspicuous position in the mor tality tables. It says a good deal for the liberality and discrimination of the relief committees that, notwithstanding the terrible ordeal through which they have passed, the population of the suffering districts have not fallen victims to epidem;c disease in larger numbers. The Central Executive Com mittee, desirous of arresting so terrible an evil in its first progress, should it unhappily appear, has re commended the establishment of temporary hos pitals in any places where infectious diseases may have broken out. A system of house-to-house visi tation, and other sanitary precautions, are also urged upon the attention of the local committees. we may hope that in one respect, at all events, the cotton famine will have positively benefited the health of Lancashire. The deficient drainage, the absence of sewers, the ill-kept roads, have probably assisted largely in rendering these districts so especially unhealthy, and the vigorous application of the powers of the Public Works Act will indeed be an undertaking that " blesses him that gives and him that takes." When shall we learn to apply the knowledge which men of science have unfolded to us, and to follow those laws which theory and prac tice alike declare to be indispensable to health, air, and water, two of the cheapest and most unia use' blessings might be rare and costly luxuries, to judge by the way in which they are enjoyed. An instance of the beneficial effects of pure water and good drainage is to be found in the town of Salisbury. Important sanitary works were undertaken some ten years ago, since which period a complete system of drainage is in fall operation, and pure water is plentiful. The result is that the number of deaths is annually decreasing, and that the average has sunk from between 250 and 320 to 185, the deaths during the late unhealthy quarter numbering only 20. When man cannot be persuaded to avail him self of the health-giving breezes blowing round his walls, it is certainly not likely that ho will un dertake works so costly and troublesome as drainage systems, and accordingly we find the advantages of a country life considerably neutralised by the total lack of drainage, as well as by the heaps of refuse, which are left to generate poisonous gases close by the poor man's door. The damp walls, the leaking roofs, the terrible overcrowding of the labourers' cottages,have all evil influences on the public health, for the NEMESIS of fever and typhus, born in the poor man's stifling, undrained, leaking, and closely packed hovel, stalks forth on its vengeful mission to the halls of the great, and the clean comfortable homes of the middle classes. It is no doubt a wise and provident arrangement by which we accumu late the statistics of these reports, but how much more serviceable would eur Registrar's statistics be, and how much wiser and more prudent should we deem ourselves, did we profit a little more by what he tells us. It is strange, with all the un- employed capital and energy of the country, that matters vitally important to the national health and welfare should be left unregarded. The high rate of mortality, which has swept away 23,000 persons more than the sanie quarter of 1860, has been doubtless commented on in many quarters in terms of surprise and regret. It would be well if we were to consider how far it is to be regarded in the light of a special ordinance of Providence, and how far as a self-inflicted chastisement. Whilf:. WO wilfully neglect the plain and simple laws and conditions of public health we have no right to wonder at our tables of mortality. Let us then each do what we can by authority, by influence, by example, to promote a more active and conscien taus feeling on such matters, and endeavour, so far as We may, to secure to the humblest as well as the highest, the three great and indispensable con ditions of health—fresh air, pure water, and good drainage. MR. BEN EDICT'S CANTATA " RICHARD" will be produced at the St. Ja mes ' s H a ll , on F r id ay even i ng next, with Mesdames Tietj ens and Tre b elli, and Messrs. Wilbyo Cooper and S antley. The music, says the Athenaunt, improves on examination and closer acquaintance. ROTA' PREZ HOSPITAL, GRAY'S-INNN-ROAD.— The number of patients relieved at this hospital during the cans, week ending October 31 Was 3 , 0 43, of w h om 963 were new LATEST INTELLIGENCE. [REUTER'S TELEGRAM.] AMERICA. FRESH ADVANCE OF LEE'S ARMY. NEW YORK, OCT. 26, 1 P.M. (Per the Africa, by Telegraph to St. John's.) Lee's infantry is reported to :have crossed to the north side of the Rappahannock on Sa turday, repuiting Gregg's Federal cavalry with heavy loss. After a slight engagement with two Federal infantry brigades, the Confederates then patsed forward to Beaton Station, where they again attacked the Federal cavalry, with what result is not known. Lee occupies a line with hi s l e ft rest i ng near Beverley Ford, crossing the railroad near Beaton Station and extending towards Stafford Court house. The object of this movement is unknown. The remainder of General Longstreet's corps has reinforced General Bragg. Another Confederate incursion into Kentucky is reported. General Grant has arrived at Chattanooga. Breckenridge and Hindman's Confederate divisions have been withdrawn from the Federal front at Chattanooga, and aie moving in force upon the Federal left. It is rumoured that the Federats have made an attack upon the rear of the Confederate positions at Rome and Atlanta. Money tight. Gold, 49 per cent, premium. The rise in gold is caused by the news of Lee's advance. Exchange on London :—Banker's Bills 165 ; Stocks steady ; New York Centrals, 1381 ; Illinois, 1254 ; Erie, 1102; 6 per Cent. U.S. Bonds, 10S1. Cotton in limited demand; Middling Up land, 840. Flour 20c. higher and advancing. Wheat sc. higher, Corn 3c. higher, good inquiry. Provisions quiet. Coffee steady. Molasses very firm. Petroleum steady; crude, 30 to 31, refined, 49 to 50. The steamers Canada and City of Cork passed Cape Race on the 26th inst. THE POLISH INSURRECTION, CRACOW, Nov. 2. The Russians were defeated by the insurgents under Bosak, on the 29th October, between Chmie brik and Kielce. Wierzbicki had an engagement with the Rus sians on the 26th October, at Goscieranow, in the palatinate of Lublin, which terminated to his ad- vantage. Many engagements have taken place in the dis trict of Opoczno, palatinate of Radom. Letters received here from Warsaw, to the 28th October, announce that the Russians continue to make numerous arrests during the night. The pri soners are taken to the Citadel. During the day the soldiers arrest and search the passengers in the streets ; women who wear mourn ing are arrested in the streets, and conducted to the barracks. MADRID, Nov. 2, Evening. Signor Rios Rosas will be the Ministerial can didate for the presidency of the Congress. DRIIRY-LANE THEATRE, Last night a new farce entitled " Beauty or the Bast" was produced here with immense success. Although but a trifle, it comes most opportunely after the last great achievement of Messrs. Falconer and Chatterton, and the audience is thus enabled to enjoy a hearty laugh before they leave the theatre. The fun Is produced by the fol lowing incident, which has been worked out in the merriest mood imaginable. A certain Mr. Wadding, a stuffier of birds and animals, has a pretty cousin, to whom he stands in the position of guardian, and a stuffed bear that he has made the secret repository of his savings. Both are taken away from him by the rival lovers of the young lady, Higgins, Figgins, and Wiggins, and the band of the beauty is made to depend on the restoration of the money-stuffed beast, The Laughter occasioned by the perplexities of the aforesaid Wadding was intense, and for many a year a more genuine and mirth-exciting farce has not been produced. The whole of the parts were capitally supported by Miss R. Leclercq, Mrs. E. Falconer, Messrs. Addison, Barrett, G. "Weston, Spencer, and G. F. Neville, the latter gentleman making his first appearance in the metropolis as the perplexed Mr. Wadding. The theatre was crowded in every part, and it is with pleasure we announce the fact, because it shows that the splendid production of Manfred has now become a settled and positive success. Mr. German Reed's New Entertainment. If the attendance on a first night can be taken as a criterion, then Mr. Reed's new " Opera de Camera" entertainment will result in a brilliant success. Shortly after the opening of the doors every seat in the Gallery of Illustration was occupied, and precisely et the hour announced the performance of the new opera, " Jessy Lea," commenced. The characters represented were Jessy Lea, by Miss Edith Wynn; Ash ford, by Mr. Whiffin ; Hugh Tempest, by Mr. Wilkinson; and Elspeth (a Gipsy), by Miss Poole. From the above "cast" it was expected that a "new" operetta was to be performed, and certainly it was so, as far as the music, but the plot was based upon an old but pretty story, viz., " L'Elisir d'Amour." The result of such an arrangement is, that the composer of the music has had all the labour, the author having only to re-name his characters, and compress the story into the required limits : thus Adina becomes Jessy Lea, Nemorina the rustic lover Ashford, Sergeant Belcore Hugh Tempest, and Dr. Dulcamara for the occasion is turned into the gipsy woman Elspeth. With this announcement all that is rendered necessary to say is that Miss Wynn, whose name must be familiar to the musical public from her admirable singing during the past concert season, sustained the part of Jessy very prettily, and sang the music alloted to her part with great taste and sweetness. Mr. Whiffin and Mr. Wilkinson also acquitted themselves with remarkable credit, arid our great favourite, Miss Poole, fairly enchanted the audience with the spirit with which she sustained the part of the gipsy, and the rare purity of her singing. The music throughout was light, fanciful, and melodious, indeed such as was to be expected from such a sound musi cian as Mr. Macfarren. The pianoforte accompaniments were cleverly executed by Mrs. Macfarren, and the musical trifle has been mounted in a style and completeness by Mr. German Reed:that calls for the highest praise. If we mis take not, the Gallery of Illustration will become one of the attractions of the metropolis during the winter season. LORD CARLINGFORD AND M, NADAR, PRANCE. PARIS, Nov. 3. The Emperor will open the Session of the Legis lature for 1864 in person. His Majesty will receive the oaths of several Senators and Meinbers of the Corps Legislatif. BOURSE, Nov. 2.—The settlement has been pro gressing without difficulty. Prices at the opening of business were rather lower, but they have since recovered, and Threes are now at 67f. 15c. Mobilier also show au improvement, being at 1,123 f. 750. Railway Shares firm, with market rather quiet. The market closed as follows : If per Cents 95 20 Italian Loan 73 35 Do. end month.... Do. end month 73 40 3 per Cents Do. end month 67 15 Do. end month.... Credit Mobilier — Rus s i an Do. end month.... Spanish Threes.... 53a Credit Fonci©r 1295 -- Roma n - 5 1 34 Home Debt - 50 Deferred RAILWAYS. Orleans Northern .... New ditto Lyons and Mediterranean 960 .. 965 New ditto Geneva 498 75 .. Southern Western Eastern . ... Sardinian Austrian Lon , hxro North of Spain Saragossa 632 50 .. 632 50 Ditto to Barcelona Cash. Account. 980 .. 980 983 75 .. 981 2;5 THE CATACOMBS OF PARIS, The catacombs of Paris were originally not cats• combs at all. They were merely vast quarries from which the stone had been got for building Paris. Paris stands over them, and at one period of its his- tory was in small danger of falling through the crust of earth which divided the city from its quasi birthplace. Now they are really catacombs, a de cree of the Government in 1786 having transferred the contents of the overcrowded churchyards down into these spacious mines, where the bones are ar ranged in most horrible fashion. The skeletons of from twelve to fifteen million human beings are now lying there, according to the lowest calculations, and this is supposed by some authorities to be much below the mark. But the ossuary is only an infinitely small portion of the mines, of the extent of which we may form some idea from M. Berthet's statement that, if one or tw' obstruc tions were removed, a man might descend by the steps in the Rue Bonaparte, and return to the world by a well lately pierced on the Orleans road, without seeing daylight—a distance of some six miles or more in a straight line. Some of the galleries are of enormous dimensions, particularly those under the gardens of the Luxembourg. As M. Berthet says, the crowd of joyful children, lively students, and elegant women little think, as they play and flirt under the chestnut trees,' that a hundred feet beneath them are appalling abysses which would engulf both them and the trees, marble balustrades, and terraces. The danger is not wholly imaginary, for though so much of the mines as is known is always under a close inspection, there still remain vast spaces unknown, accidents now and again occurring which betray the exist epee of subterraneous voids where there had been no kind of reason to suspect them. Consequently, the administration des carribvs is constantly open ing new galleries for the purpose of traversing all suspected regions. Occasionally they discover ex cavations which require immediate attentio❑ ; but these discoveries are daily becoming rater and less urgent, so that shortly it may be hoped that the voids will be thoroughly explored. Meanwhile, large bodies of workmen are employed on the works. At certain seasons some of them never see daylight, while men who have worked down there for thirty or forty years are as robust and healthy as if their labour had been carried on in the open air ; and though the work is not particularly exhilirating in itself, as the curious visitor advances he hears shouts of laughter and joyous song suddenly disturbing the profound silence. At length he comes upon a gang of men busily at work in strengthening the pillars or excavating new galleries. The infinitely numerous paths and turns are as familiar to them as the complicated maze of streets above to a Parisian "per sang." ARRIVAL OF THE KING OF GREECE AT ATHENS.— The King of Greece arrived at the Pii pus at 9 a.m. of October 30. He was enthusiastically received on landing at the Pirleus, and afterwards at Athens. His Majesty attended a 2e Beam at the Cathedral, at which the diplo matic body was present. Athens is reported to be quiet, and the people wel disposed. TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN. SlR,—The following letter has been addressed to me by M. Nader, with a request to have it pub- lished in the London journals. It has reference to a paragraph which has recently appeared in some newspapers, stating that it is the intention of Lord Carlingford to dispute the honours of M. Nadar, his lordship claiming for himself, all it seems, the credit of discovering the principle of aerial navigation by means of an aerial chariot. The great interest taken by the public in the question, at the present time, may induce you to find a place for M. Nadar's communication.—l am, sir, your obedient servant, FERDINAND SILAS. 8, New Burlington-street, London, Nov. 2, 1863. "My dear Silas,—Please to reply for me, I beg you, to Lord Carlingford, excusing your friend now confined in bed, telling his lordship that, with my too great French ignorance of what is taking place abroad, I knew absolutely nothing of his system of aerial automotion. I rely suffi ciently upon the courtesy of Lord Carlingford to know that he will not doubt my word. " I cannot but congratulate myself on having had the honour of finding myself on the same ground with Lord Carlingford; I regret only that on his part he knows so imperfectly my theory, which is absolutely the contrary of that which ho attributes to me. "To give you two or three axioms—According to my views, the guidance of balloons lighter than the atmosphere, is a problem not only impossible but absurd. This is abun dantly demonstrated by the slightest aerostatical practice. "To contend against the air, it is necessary to be no lighter but heavier than air, the same as the bird is specifi cally heavier than the air in which it flies., lam persuaded that the helice (screw) is destined to give to man the posses sion of the immense domain which belongs to him, and of which he would have been master long ago, if he had not obstinately followed, since the invention of ballooning, what in hunting phrase is called a wrong track. " I beg of you to send immediately to Lord Carlingford a copy of the first number of my journal, l'Acronaute, where these principles are laid down. _ "In fine, and that there may be no possible mistake on the part of anyone regarding what 1 am attempting, I de. sire to find the necessary resources for the constitution of a society, which shall be the centre of all hitherto isolated and there ore lost attempts to solve a question so profound, so vast, so complex, that it does not seem to belong to a single individual to achieve it. I have my system, which I believe to be good, since it is mine ; but I shall aid with all the strength of my will, and with all the energy of my perse verance, every system which shall be proved to be better than mine. The question to me is not at all who may have determined the great problem; it is that the solution may be found at last. The fruit is ripe, I long to see it plucked, no matter by whom ; and this is the sole cause of the agitation which I have endeavoured to call forth, and which I am now pursuing.—Yours, " Paris, 30th October, 1863." "NADAR. New Works by English Authors. MR. HOWARD STAUNTON has a volume just ready on "The Great Schools of England." MR. CHARLES READE'S NOVEL Or " VERY HARD Cam," in All the Year Round, will be published shortly in two or three volumes. It is reported, says the Critic, that he has been asking £3,000 for the reprint. MR. JOHN TI3IBS has a new volume just ready entitled "Knowledge for the Time, a Manual for Reading and Re ference on Subjects of Living Interest." MRS. HOWITT HAS A JiIIVENUE STORY just ready, en titlsd, " Mrs. Rudd's Grandchildren." MISS YONGE has, as usual, a juvenile tale for Christmas, ready. It is entitled " The Wars of Wapsburgh," and will be published by Messrs. Groornbridge and Sons. New Works by American Authors, MR. BANCROFT i 8 just finishing the fiaai volume of his History of the United States, ME. Wn.imErt has a volume just ready—" In War Time, and other Poems." MR. EMERSON'S new volume of Essays and Lectures will be published in Boston this month. 111 R. 0. W. HOLMES IS collecting his papers from the Atlantic Monthly, for publication in a volume entitled "Soundings from the Atlantic." TARA'S DEATIL—(From the newly-published Mahratta Tale by Captain Meadows Taylor.)—When Tara was dying, and the Moollas without were chanting the service for her departing soul, her eyes seemed once to flash with a bright radiance, and her husband and children, who were around her, heard her say gently, "I come, 0 Mother," and repeat some Sauscrit words. The priests, jealous of her perfect conversion, would have it that she alluded to Miriam, the Mother of Jesus of Nazareth, for there could be no other Mother. It might, indeed, be so, for she seemed of late to have taken a peculiar delight and interest in this history, especially since some Christian monks from Goa, who had established a mission at the town of Chitta poer, only a few miles distant, had come to beg alms of her, and had told her of the purer faith of Christ, and his loving mother Mary, It might have been that she spoke of this ; or, more probably perhaps, that her spirit, trembling on the brink of the unknown world, had wandered back into the old days of her trials and deliverances, once ero it departed. IRON PLOUGHS IN KENT.—These ploughs are in some localities superseding the cumbrous wooden ploughs still in use in this county. On Wednesday last, at Foot's Cray, there were in one class at a ploughing match no less than 22 iron ploughs, and the prize was awarded to a ploughman of Mr. James Allen, with a plough made by Ransomes and Sims, Ipswich. The Prince Consort in a Gale, This ship, as already known, was, on Tuesday last, suddenly manned and provisioned, and Capt. Vesey, late of the Royal Adelaide, having been placed in command, she passed from Devonport Harbour into the Sound. Oa Wednesday, having embarked powder and had her compasses adjusted, about one o'clock p.m., she left the Sound for Holy head and Liverpool. From Plymouth Sound until she had passed the Seven Stones the Prince Consort had fine weather. Early on the morning of the 29th the weather was, in seaman's phrase, "dirty looking," and there was every indication that a gale was coming on. These indications were soon rea lised, for by ten o'clock the wind from N.W. to W.S.W. had increased to a gale. The vessel was no sooner in the gale than she proved herself to be a very poor sea-going ship—she laboured heavily, tearing herself to pieces. Things became so bad that at four p.m. it was decided to be unsafe to at tempt to make Holyhead, although it was then but about a dozen miles distant, and the ship was put head to sea to seek shelter on the Irish coast. The topsails and canvas were with much difficulty taken off. When about twenty miles from the South Stack Light, at about six o'clock, the chief engineer, Mr. Sampson, reported to the captain that there was three feet six inches of water in the ship, and he soon afterwards reported the water was within six inches of the fires, and he oould not keep her clear with the engines working at full speed with all the boilers. On receiving this report the captain had all the pumps in the ships rigged and sot to work ; but although they were incessantly worked for 10 hours, throwing out 200 tuns of water per hour, the water in the vessel slowly but steadily increased. Daring this time the vessel was like a half-tide rock, the officers and men on her decks—upper, main, and lower—were up to their knees in water, and frequently the seas would make a clean sweep over all. Ail the ship's head gear was washed away, the cutter and gig were stove in, the latter very badly. Things looked very serious; with the ut most strain on the pumps it was as much as ever the ship could be kept afloat. At one time the water in the after stokehole was nearly up to the fires, and had it put the fires out the chances are the Prince Consort would have come to a sad and untimely end. It would have been hardly possible to have made sail on her in the face of the gale, and her storm sails had blown away. Mr. Sampson, the chief en gineer, during this trying time, was indefatigable. He had not left the engine-room five minutes at a time since she left Plymouth; and his exertions after the water was in the ship were above all praise. Soon after things were at their worst the Railey light was sighted, to the great com fort of everyone on board, as it showed that shelter was ❑ear. At 11 p.m. Kingstown lights were visible, and between 12 and 1 the vessel was brought to an anchor off Howth. The ship's company, assisted by men from her Majesty's ship Ajax, then worked for two more hours at the pumps, the water neither gaining nor losing. The steam pump was by that time put in order and set to work, and the exhausted men had two hours' spell. The steam pump steadily but slowly gained on the water, and by 2 p.m. on Friday the ship was nearly free from water. Daring the time the ship was labouring in the gale several men were injured. One man had his leg broken, and ten others sustained contusions, more or less severe, and moveables in the ship were smashed. The Prince Consort is the first of her class to ex perience a heavy gale, and from the above narrative it will be seen she had a very narrow escape. It is said her great fault was a want of buoyancy. She was too much like an overladen and fatigued beast of burden; in sea phrase, she had no life in her, and did not rise to the sea. The consequence of this was that the water on the lower deck never found vent at the scuppers. She shipped " green sea" after "green sea," and from her labouring and straining her ports leaked like sieves. The opinion of the officers and men on board is that no ship could have behaved worse in a gale than the Prince Consort did in that of Thursday, and they all hope never to be sent to sea again in an iron-cased ship.— Western Morning News. THE RAM QUESTION. The Birkenhead and Cheshire Advertiser of Satur day contains the following on the above subject ; " The speech of our now famous member, delivered in the Music Hall last week, has brought down upon him and the firm with which his name is still generally associated the thunders which have been for some time accumulating in the Foreign-office. Earl Russell the Rash—always hasty and hot tempered, except when he is dealing with one who is greater than he or wha is as cross-grained as him self—has been goaded into one of his angry fits, and breaks through the restraints which have hitherto been imposed upon him by the constitution, which, next to Magna Charta and the archives of the House of Bedford, of glorious and immortal memory, was once his pride and boast. Tne two vessels (which we take the liberty of calling by their right names (the French rams), have been seized, the workmen turned away, and their places supplied by seamen and marines, and in every possible way a complete and radical confiscation bas been effected. The Royal attainder of the one great Russell of history was not more complete than is the act of the inheri tor of his name. From this time forward the ram question is a Russelite appendage, and will either add new lustre to the waning star of Woburn, or cause its last iay to sink behind a cloud of obscurity darker than that from which it emerged. The question is it great one—of that there can be no doubt. It is a national question—an international one, and it is rapidly swelling into most gigantic proportions. That of the Alexandra was a dwarf by the side of it. People prate of the rams being built for the Confederate Government. No such thing. They w ill reac h th e i r destined home with out crossing the Atlantic at all: The Bay of Bis cay is more in their line. People talk, as people will talk, but who knows anything real and re liable ? Is not everything surmise based upon con jecture ? Who can, after all, realty prove that the vessels are not built for the Emperor of China, the Daitaio Prince of Satsuma, or his Majesty th e Ki ng of Bantam? Perhaps we could throw a ray across the mist if we chose and the proper moment had arrived. Were we to do so we should show— ,4 That the vessels are not built for the Confede rates—either Government or people; That consequently Earl Russell the Rash has stumbled upon a mare's _nest' and' put his foot in it.' j " That the rams are bona fide French property; " That they will have to be given up. In these few sentences we have condensed all the gist of the celebrated ram question. Upon the accuracy of the view we take we place every re liance, and confidently await its corroboration by events of the next few weeks, hoping meanwhile that the negociations which are impending will not leave the relations of two great countries at the mercy of a peevish old gentleman at the Foreign office." The Liverpool Mail reminds its readers, that no law in existence prohibits or can prevent the Messrs. Laird from building an empty hull for the Confederates ; but that in this case the Government positively knows, and already holds proofs, that the rams were not " built," and aro not " inteuded,' , for the Confederates at all. The Southsea Pier Hotel Company (Limited) have completed the purchase, and tho building of the hotel will be comm, need forthwith. A few shares still remain, which can be had on application at the company's office, 6, John-street, Bedford-row, W.C. NEARLY THE DEATH OF HIM ! ! !—When Lord BROUGHAM was installed as Chancellor in the Uni versity of Edinburgh, he was hospitably entertained by Francis Brown Douglas, the present Lord Provost's prede cessor, and one of the leading fanatics of the city; and I have heard it hinted that the religious arrangements of this house nearly upset Lord Brougham's constitution; he had to endure so much devotional exercise and exposition of Scripture, which began at 7 a.m., and were continued at intervals until 11 p.m.—the graces before meals being for one thing exceedingly lengthy, and not very soothing to the temper of a hungry man who had not been brought up rigidly as a Scottish Dissenter,—Correspondent of 2e/c. graph, rt HER MAJESTY. WINDSOR CASTLE, Nov. 2, The Queen, accompanied by their Royal High nesses Princess Luuise, Princess Beatrice, and Prince William of Prussia, attended by Baroness von Dobeneck, drove out this morning. Major-General Hon. A. Hood attended on horse back. Major-General Hon. A. Hood and Colonel H. F. Ponsonby have succeeded Lord Charles Fitzroy and Colonel Hon. A. Hardinge as Equerries in Waiting to her ALjEsty. The Prince and Princess of Wales. SANDRISGHAM, NOV. 2. Their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, the Prince and Princess Christian of Den mark, and the Princess Dagmar, the Duke of St. Albans, the Earl Granville, Admiral Seymour, Lieutenant-General Knollys, Captain Grey, the Hon. R. H. Meade, Major Teesdale, Captain Castenchjold, Mr. Fisher, the Countess of Morton, and the Countess Reventlow, attended Sandring ham Church yesterday, The Rev. G. B. Moxon, 8.A., officiated, and the sermon was preached by the Rev. Robert W. Pearse, M.A., the incumbent of Gay wood. The Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Prussia, Their Royal Highnesses the Crown Prince and Crow❑ Princess of Prussia arrived at Inverary from the north on Friday afternoon From the time the honour of their visit was expected no effort was spared by the Duke and Duchess of Argyll to receive the distinguished party with a genuine Highland welcome. Cannon were placed on a commanding position on the hill of Dunaquoich, a large bonfire was prepared on Strone, and the beautiful bridge over the Aray, in front of the castle, illuminated with coloured lights. At one time considerable fear was entertained that the weather would by no means prove propitious. Thursday was exceedingly stormy, the barometer presenting the most remark able instance of gradual and extreme decline exhi bited during the year. Friday morning was dark and lowering, with occasional heavy showers of hail, but long before the hour of the expected arri val, the day, though at no time genial, became fair, and on the whole was by no means unsuitable for displaying the autumnal beauties of Inverary: Their royal highnesses on their way from Dalmally were met by thu Marquis of Lorne and Lord Walter Campbell, and escorted through the ducal policies to the castle. A little before five o'clock the ap pearance of the Prussian flag on the castle, and the simultaneous discharge of the " Armada" gun on the lawn, announced the arrival of the royal pair. The Crown Prince and Crown Princess are ex pected to arrive at Windsor to-day. Mr. Disraeli's Indisposition Contradicted. We are gratified at being able to state, in reply to numerous inquiries, that there is no foundation for the reports that have appeared in the columns of some of our contemporaries respecting the intiis position of Mr. Disraeli. We are happy to say that the right hon. gentleman was never in better health. We beliave we may announce the interesting fact that a marriage id in contemplation between his Royal Highness Prince Alfred and a Princess of the House of Oldenburg. Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Cambridge and her Royal Highness the Princess Mary, attended by Colonel Purves, visited the Olympic Theatre last evening. The Earl of Dudley has arrived at Dudley House, Park-lane, from Witley Court, Worcestershire. The Earl and Countess of Darnley have arrived in Hill-street, Berkeley-square, from a tour of visits. The Earl and Countess of Chesterfield leave town to-morrow on a visit to the Earl and Countess of Carnar von at Highclere Castle, near Newbury. Count and Countess de Flahault and Hon. Miss Elphinstone Flahault arrived at their mansion in Piccadilly on Friday from their seat in Nairnshire, N.B. The Countess of Jersey sod Lady Caroline Vil liers are expected to arrivo at Wilton-place in a few days from Paris. The Countess (Dowager) of Tankerville is still indisposed at her residence in Hertford-street, Mayfair. Viscount Curzon has arrived in town front Worthing. Lord and Lady Willoughby de Eresby left thei r residence on The Terrace, Piccadilly, yesterday, for Tor quay, where they purpose to pass the winter. The Right Hon. Sir Robert Peel, Bart., IVl•P'' arrived at his residence in Whitehall •gardens yesterday from Ireland. Lady Emily Peel remains in Ireland. The Hon. C. B. Percy and family have returned to Guy's Cliffe, after a tour in the northern counties. Major-General and Mrs. Simmons Smith bgi v e arrived at the Portland Hotel, Southsea, from London. Sir Matthew White Ridley, Bart., M.P., arrived in town on Friday from his seat in Northumberland. LADIES, BEWARE :—An old, but highly destruc tive method of obtaining possession of ladies' purses without inserting the hand into the pocket was put into practice in Argyle-street, on Saturday evening. It consists of pouring a small quantity of vitro' into the pocket, which burns the lining, and the purse drops on the street, to be picked up immediately by the hand of the operator. The n a o c t .: a w ll er o e ut co o n f considerably damaged.--IVO/ 14 attempt made on Sa turda y evenin g was not quite successful , Br:lish Mail, d as re t s h s e , ppeutrtsiceodaitds, MISSING—THE TEMPLE BONES OF BEETHOVEN AND A FEW RIBS OF SCHUBERT ! On the 13th inst. the disinterment of the earthly remains of Beethoven . and Schubert took place in the Wahringer Churchyard at Vienna, at the instigation of the direction of the Musical Union. Many of tee notabilities of the town, and man)" friends of art, were present on the occasion; among the living relatives of Schubert, his brother Andreas, who hold' ) a Government situation in the Treasury, was noticed. The mortal remains of Beethoven were found complete, all but the two temple bones, which are supposed to have been lost on the occasion of the section underatkon by Dr. Wagner on the 27th of March, 1827 (the day after Beethoven's death), when the skull was sawn through and dissected into several pans. Schubert's skull was found quite complete, with even the hair on his head. But some of the ribs and several small parts of bone were missing, and could not be discovered. The remains of both great men were laid in metal coffins ; both coffins were then closed, sealed, and conveyed into the chapel of the Friedhof, where they are to remain until the completion of the vaults, when the solemn transference is to take place. THE LATE MR. EGG, R.A., AS AN AMATEUR ACTOR.—Amongst his other accomplishments Egg was an admirable actor, and one of the most distinguished of the amateurs who acted in aid of the funds for the alms houses for decayed players—first, in 18d2, at the Hay market, in Bulwer's comedy of " Not so Bad as we Seem,''' and three years later, if we may anticipate, in 'Wilkie Cole lin's " Frozen Deep," in different parts of the country " Job Want" was his character in this last. His 44 g et up' . in this was irresistibly funny. There would have been something painful to his friends, who knew his own state, in the truth with which he gave the asthmatic wheezhaj a of the droll cook, had he not at the same time mad e himself so thoroughly the character that the player was forgotten. Of his life behind the scenes w e are unable to speak of our own knowledge; but we aro happy in being allowed to give a valuable letter from Mn. DICKENs, the leader of this party, written in reply to a request for any information he might have on this subject, which furnishes the best idea of the impres sion he created upon his companions, although it gives ue details of fact ;—I should have immediately complied with your request, but for this sufficient reason, that I r eally have nothing to tell which the public has any claim t ° know. The dear fellow was always one of the most popul ar of the party—always sweet-tempered, humorous, coneci entous, thoroughly good, and thoroughly belovsd. I Ll' aY! advised with him about the composition of the figures and the like; and hi s art i st i c f ee li ng an d pat i ence were svl' t ' you know th em t o h ave b een . Th ere i s no t a single g rain of alloy, thank God, in remembrance of our intimate PC!: sonal association. But I look back upon his way and word in that gay gipsy life of our theatricals as sanctifie 4 tha t death, and n ot b e l o n g i ng to the public at all. In , aspect of his life, as in every other, he was a thoroughly cum staunch, reliable man. All else I regard as priv ate panionship and 'confidence. .1 tha t be ONE WAY OF COUNTING.—It is estimate. mineral wealth of Nevada territory will be sufficient N p a y a national debt of 20,000,000,000 dols, to give every return'irun_ ing soldier a musket of silver, and to furnish all our present clads with a platin of silver thicker than their e t covering of iron. At that rate bankruptcy does net see be imminent.—,AW Xork Vines.