The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-06 00:00:00

Naval and Military Intelligence. THE NAVY. The Lords of the Admiralty at present at Ports mouth, comprising the Dake of Somerset, K.G., Sir F. Grey, K.C.13„ Rear-Admirals Eden and Paget, and Capt. Drummond,. landed at the new landing stairs of Portsmouth dockyard from the Admiralty yacht Enchantress at 10 a.m. yesterday, where they were joined by Rear-Admiral S. Robinson, Control ler of the Navy, and Cql. Greene, R.E., Director of Works, Mr. Manahan, Superintending Inspector of the dockyard metropolitan police, and other officials. Immediately after landing, the Board, with the ex ception of the Controller, who remained behind in the dockyard, entered carriages in waiting, and pro ceeded to Fort Cumberland to inspect the Royal Marine Artillery stationed there, and to the new barracks at Eastney, about a mile distant from Fort Cumberland, and midway between Fort Cumberland and Southsea Castle, to inspect the extensive range of barracks which is now in process of erection as the head-quarters of the Royal Marine Artillery. The icspection at Fort Cumberland was conducted in the usual manner, and the appearance of the men on parade and in the batteries, as well as the pro ficiency displayed by them in the details of their various duties, met with the highest praise. In their visit to the new barracks at Eastney the ge neral plan, and progress of the works were explained to their Lords by Col. Greene, R.E., and Mr. Woods, C.E., Superintending Civil Engineer of Portsmouth dockyard and the adjacent district. £68,000 was the original total estimate for this work, £B,OOO being for the purchase of land, and the remaining £60,000 for building the barrack. £47,000 was voted for the work previous to the passing of the Naval Estimates for 1863.4, and on the introduction of those estimates an ad ditional £20,000 was asked for and passed. Revised Estimates are promised in the Naval Estimates for 1864-5 relative to this work, when no doubt the original total estimate of £69,090 will be found insufficient for the due completion of the whole, and an additional sum asked. That portion of the barracks designed for the married men's quarters is nearly completed, no accommodation of the kind existing in the present headquarters of the corps at Fort Cumberland. At about 1 p.m. their lordships returned to Ports mouth and embarked on board the Enchantress for luncheon, after which they crossed to Gosport and inspected the Royal Marine Light Infantry at For ton and the gunboat sheds and slipway at Hasler. Under the sheds at Haslar are five gunboats build ing on an improved model. In tee same place are 42 of the old class, which have cost thousands of pounds in repair to their hulls, which are now more than suspected of being rotten from stem to stern. In the evening the Duke of Somerset and other Lords of the Admiralty, with the Controller of the Navy and other officers, were entertained at dinner at the Admiralty-house by Vice-Admiral Sir M. Seymour, G.C.8., and afterwards patrcnised the ball in aid of the funds of the Seamen's and Ma rines' Orphan Schools, at the King's Rooms, South sea. The inspection of the dockyard by the Board will take place this morning. Yesterday Rear-Admiral Robinson visited the Orontes, screw troopship, the Hector, iron frigate, and the Racoon, corvette. His Royal Highness Prince Alfred arrived at Portsmouth yesterday in her Majesty's steam yacht Fairy, accompanied by Major Cowell, R.E. His Royal Highness, who wore his uniform and sword as a lieutenant in her Majesty's navy, had arrived from Osborne expressly to attend the funeral of a seaman-gunner late belonging to the Racoon (the Prince's ship), named William Keyer, aged 22 years, who was killed by falling from the foretop of the Racoon on the 31st of July. On his return from the funeral the Prince immediately re•embarked on board the Fairy, and returned to Osborne. On the Fairy's first arriving in the harbour from Osborne the Prince went on board the Enchantress, and paid his respects to the Lords of the Admiralty. Some very interesting testing of English and French manufactured armour-plates took place at Portsmouth on Tuesday and Wednesday last, under the superintendence of Capt. Astley C. Key, C. 8., commanding her Majesty's gunnery ship Excellent, the practice againit the plates being carried on in the usual manner, with a solid castiron shot, fired with 161 b of powder from a 95cwt apounder, at 200 yards distance, the plates being bolted on the sides of the Thunder target-ship. The plates were four in number, and comprised two manufactured by Messrs. Petin Gaudet and Co., of France ; one of skin thickness of metal, 16ft 7in in length, and 3ft 4in in breadth, and the other of 41in of metal, and of the same length and breadth as the 41in plate. The third plate was a 51in, from the Mill wall Iron Works, for the Agincourt, 15ft 7in in length, and 3ft st-in in breadth ; and the fourth was a 51in bent plate for the Royal Sovereign's turrets, from Messrs. Beale's, of the Parkgate Works, York. shire. Messrs. Beale's plate, the Millwall, and the French 4in were tested on Tuesday, the French Sin being. reserved for trial on the following day. The Millwall plate received 11 shots, and was very severely tried by overlapping shots at either end, but stood the test splendidly, and was considered a plate of very superior quality. The small cracks exhibited by the overlapping shot blows were vary insignificant, The metal of which the plate was built was evidently of very good quality, and its manufacture was excellent. Messrs, Beale's plate was not quite so good. It showed a number of sm%ll cracks and an inclination to open from the back—in fact the weakness generally ex hibited by " bent" plates, whether bent from the rolls or by an after process. Still, it was anything but an inferior plate. Messrs. Petin Gaudet's 41in. turned out, as had been anticipated, from its evi dent carelessness of manufacture, very unsatisfac tory indeed, and failed in ail the conditions of con tract as relating to its shot-resisting powers. The metal was allowed to be good, but its manufacture was execrable. When examined at the close of the firing, its welding was found ito be most imperfect. It had the appearance of being a rolled plate, and rolled 4in. plates are generallyfinished by placing four 21in. layers of iron, carefully cleared from all dirt or oxyde, together, and then rolling the 10in. mass down to the required 41-in. The separation of these four layers in the French plate disclosed the fact that no care had been taken in cleaning the surfaces of the four layers of iron, and consequently Perfe ct Compared adhesion under the rolls was simply impos- Admir,at mpared with the 41in. plate supplied to onTeeeday, Petin Gaudet and Co., the one tested Tileadit , is , of avastly inferior character. The result in the folloYwll trials placed the three plates tested for Agineenrituguorder ;—No. 1, Millwall Company, reign, siin. _ ~,,0 2 1 n .; No. 2, Beale, for Royal Bove fulllale410;3 Messrs. Petin Gaudet and Co., lin., ext ra i nch being made in this classifica tion for the in all plates. No. 3 reeeilieli i n metal in Nos. 1 and 2 distributed, three bein 15 shots, pretty well spots overlapping, No l edte blows, and in two an indent of 2 1-10 In., and ad a di ame t er o f 9i n ., a indent. No. 2 had an indenteraf lc bi n . across th e of Sin. long. No. 3 and 7 j ut 2 in- and a crack impinged i n cir cumference of their indents up o n the each other, opened cracks 12in. and bin. lon g, No. 5 and over lapped No. 2 4in., and drove the_tured part in a circular form wit hin frac. dents into the ship's side 4 6.10 in the i n . •, or b e y ond the plate's back. No. 10 overlapped upo n 2 and 5 (the last mentioned), and -"n brok e the plate further into the ship's side, the a rea of the fracture being 16in. by 10in., measuring from centre of each blow, in a triangular form, 91n, at the base by . oin. each way. No. 13 was also attended with bad results for the plate's reputation, the shot striking full on the plate in its centre, near its upper edge, and breaking the metal away considerably to th e upper edge. Me ssrs. Petin Gaudet's s iin. plate yesterday was tes t e d slowly and carefully , and mh manner came out of the tria l in a most trio *eh plac p ed ant it on full ill —in a manner, in fact, w terms of equality with the Mill w all plate tried the day previous. It received 17 shots in all. The laminations showed the sam e faulty we lding that the 4fin. of the previous day ex hibite d • and th e success of the plate was undoubtedly o wing to the superior quality of the iron, and not to its manu facture. The trial of these French plates again prove that the production of a good armour-plate is simply a question of cost between the Admiralty and the contractors. English manufacturers say they cannot supply a metal equal tot French iron of Petit Gatidet and Co. at their present aver age contract price for finished plates of 35 per ton. Her Majesty's iron steam storeslyp Vv'ye, Master Commander Roberts, was yesterday undocked at Woolwich, and the Industry was docked to be exa mined for repairs after collision. The Ardent, Captain Parish, was yesterday put out of commission, and the crew were paid off at Woolwich. After receiving their pay at the table, at which the Commodore, Sir F. Nicholson, was present, the whole of the Ardent's crew, as well as those of the Madagascar, brought home as passen gers, gave a simultaneous cheer for their captain. ;The following appointments were made yesterday at the Admiralty :—Lieut. W. C. Shuckburgh, to the Snipe; Richard O'Toole, assist.-surg., to the Egmont; and W. E. M'Dermott, acting assist.- surg., to the Forte. THE ARMY. The colonelcy of the 87th Regiment has been con ferred upon Major-Gen. Lord W. Paulet, C. 8., com manding the south-west district. Major-General Sir Richard Dacres, K.C.8., Com mandant of Woolwich garrison, has obtained a month's leave of absence from duty. The command has devolved on Colonel Sir David Wood, Royal Horse Artillery, K.C.B. The additional wing to the auxiliary hospital erected at Woolwich, near the Royal Artillery Barracks, at the back of Mill-lane, has now been completed. It is to be appropriated for female patients belonging to the soldiers of the garrison, the expenses of which will be defrayed by volun tary contributions. The Salamanca transport arrived at Spithead during Monday night, from Kurrachee, with the following troops on board, time-expired UM and invalids :—Lieut. Walker, 51st Regiment ; Colonel Liddell, Bombay Infantry; wife, and family ; Capt F Cu oo rr t e ; y L , B ie o u m t b s a e y al S y t , a B ff 9t C h o F rp o s o ; t ; L E i e n u s t i . g U n r s q t u o k h e a s r : 7 9 2 1 h d . Foot ; and men from various regiments, RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. MIDLAND. The directors of this company have just decided on re commending to the proprietors a dividend for the half-year ending June 30 last at the rate of 51 per cent, per annum on the ordinary stock of the company. BRISTOL AND EXETER. The directors of this company have decided upon recom mending the proprietors, at the ensuing general meeting, to declare a dividend at the rate of 4 per cent. per annum for the half-year ending the 30th of June, carrying forward a balance of £1,596. LONDON AND BLACKWALL. It appears that ihe dividend on the ordinary stock of this company for the half-year ending the 30th of June will be at the rate of 3f per cent, per annum, being an increase of 10s. per cent, per annum as compared with the dividend for the corresponding half of last year. SALISBURY AND YEOVIL. The directors of this company have agreed to recommend a dividend on the ordinary shares for the past half-year at the rate of 41 per cent. per annum. GREAT SOUTHERN OF INDIA. It appears that this company paid yesterday a further sum of £25,030 to the credit of the Secretary of State for India, on account of the extension capital, guaranteed 4! per cent., making a total amount paid on this account of £lOO,OOO. GREAT WESTERN. The special general meeting of this company will be held to-morrow for the purpose of electing 18 directors to repre sent the interests of the Great Western proprietors at the Board of the amalgamated company. Since the last half yearly general meeting six vacancies were created in the directory, which have been filled up by gentlemen selected by the late shareholders' committee. It is believed, from the good understanding that has been established between the shareholdersjand directors, that the Board as now con stituted will be elected, and it is hoped that all the advan tages expected to arise from the amalgamation of the Great Western with the other companies will be fully realised, and that the agitation which has been prevalent for some time past will be set at rest. SOUTH-EASTERN. The revenue receipts of this company, after deducting £2,&11 for collecting and delivering goods, amounted for the four weeks ending the 18th of July, to £94,911, to which was added £1,901 for rents and sundries, and £5,080 for the steam packet service, making the total receipts £101,892. From this was deducted £41,445 for expenses, including rates, taxes, tolls, Government duty,-and expenses of steam packet service, leaving a net sum of £60,447. The total receipts for the 24 weeks ending as above amounted to £498,257, and the expenditure to £248,631, leaving a net balance of £249,626, NORTH DEVON. The half-yearly meeting of this company was held yester day, at the office, Gresham-house; Mr. %V. Tite, M.P., in the chair. Mr. Hauls, the secretary, read the report. The CHAIRMAN, in moving the adoption of the report, said that, as the line was now leased to the South-Western Company, it was unnecessary to mention incidents that were formerly interesting to them. A Bill which con tained a clause authorizing the amalgamation of the under taking with the South-Western Railway on the lst of January next was submitted to the directors, but it was subsequently stated that the date was inserted by mistake, and it would be withdrawn. The directors of the North Devon offered all sorts of terms—five or seven years—for the amalgamation to commence ; but, as the South-Western had power under the lease, they refused to fix any time for the amalgamation to - take place, and consequently the directors of the North Devon Company refused to accede to the clause which left it in the option of the South-Western Company alone to fix the period of amalgamation. He could not un derstand why the South-Western Company would not fix a time for the amalgamation, because sooner or later an amal gamation would take place. The effect was to give the direc tors of the North Devon more trouble, and to put tne com pany to the expense of keeping up a separate establishment. Since the lease had come into operation the South-Western Company, from their superior credit,had reduced the interest on loans, and hadpaid off at par £22,000 of the £30,000 guar anteed 6 per cent. stock of the North Devon, leaving £B,OOO, for which the proprietors had agreed to take 5 per cent. in stead of 6 per cent. Captain WAnnEx seconded the motion for the adoption of the report, which was agreed to. Dividends at the rate of £1 168, per cent. per annum were declared on £245,415 consolidated stock; at the rate of 18s. per cent, per annum on the £25,000 A stock ; and at the rate of £3 12s. per cent. per annum on the £25,152 B stock. The proceedings ooncluded wioh a vote of thanks to the chairman and directors. BIDEFORD EXTENSION. The half •yearly meeting of this company was held yes terday, at the office, Gresham-house, Old Broad-street . W. Tite, M.P., in the chair. ' Mr. Chanter, the secretary, read the report, which stated that the gross receipts from the London and South-Western Railway Company for the half-year ending the 30th of June last amounted to £1,172, of which, after payment of the in terest on the debenture debt and current expenses, there re mained £Bl6 for dividend, which, at the rate of 3 per cent. per annum on the ordinary stock, would absorb £798, leav ing a balance of £lB. The CHAIRMAN, in moving the adoption of the report, stated that a bill was promoted in the early part of the year by the London and South Western Company for putting an end to the Bideford Company, and merging it in their un dertaking; but before it went to a second reading they pro posad to withdraw the clause they had introduced fixing January, 1864, as the time at which the decision should take place, thus leaving it entirely discretional in the hands of the South Western proprietors. This change was objected to by the board, and in consequence all the clauses relating to the amalgamation were withdrawn. They were in pre cisely the same position as the North Devon Company, being leased to the South Western Company. The report was unanimously adopted; a dividend at the rate of 3 per cent. per annum was declared, payable forth with ; and the proceedings concluded with a vote of thanks to the chairman and directors. THAMES VALLEY. Ye sterday the half-y ear ly mee ti ng o f thi s co nvened at th e o ffi ces i n Victoria-street, Westminster; company b w u a t s , there not being a sufficient number of proprietors present to con stitute a qu orum, it was adjourned. The report of thedirectors congratulated the prop r i e t ors th a t th e difficulties in the way of completing the railway and works, within the share had of the company, had been overcome, and that tshoeny fhoardtbenetepruedreti on sucltil.ifeavloautblaell untoe o a f eentract withtMesurs. J. Aird and railway and works, that the shareholders would receive the full 4 per cent. t d erm co e m a p e le le ti f o t n ue o d f eu th b e t dividend guaranteed by the London and South Western Company on the share capital of the company. The con tractors were proceeding with the works vigorously, and the directors fully expected that the line would be completed and opened for traffic by the autumn of next yea r . 1 EDGWARE, HIGHGATE, AND LONDON. The report of the directors states that notices h are b een h the Great Northern Railway and Church-end, Finch.served for the purchase of the land b e t ween the junction wit ley. Considerable progress has been made in the negotia tions, so that the contractors will►shortly be put in posses sion of a sufficient length for the commencement of the works. The agreement with the Great Northern Company has been sanctioned by the Board of Trado. The directors continue to receive on all occasions the cordial co-operation of the Great Northern Board. The capital account shows that £19,463 had been expended, leaving a balance of £14,225. EASTERN BENGAL. The directors of this company state in their report that the Government of India had offend to sanction the imme diate extension of the line beyond the Ganges as far as Para b it y al th t e o Gthoevearmnmounentt ofo India at the rate of 4 1 per cent. It appears to the directors f d P i u st k an ee e , e on of th ab e o J u u t m 40 00 0 n r a 5 , 0 a m bria le n e c , h t o o f p t r h o e vi ß de ur a ha f n e a r p ry oo a t e er a across of new in tere c s a t p x th 6 e so G ,o an fjo g o e n s, a an g d uar t a o n r te a e ise that a new condition is attempted to be imported into the existing contract between the Government of India and this company, which would prejudicially affect the interests of the original shareholders, by making the earnings of the present line, which are steadily increasing, liable to con tribute to the payment of the interests to be guaranteed to the shareholders of the extension line. They intend to submit the whole matter to an extraordinary meeting of the company on the Bth of August, to determine by formal re sllution whether the offer of the Secretary of State for India to sanction the proposed extension of the line at the reduced rate of interest, " as part and parcel of the original under taking, and not separated," shall or shall not be accepted, with all the necessary consequences, pecuniary or other wise, of such amalgamation. STOCKTON AND DARLINGTON. Tho report of the directors states that the revenue, in cluding the balance from the precAing half-year, amounts to £251,506. The balance, after the payment of working ex penses and preferential charges, is £53,313, out of which the directors recommend a dividend at the rate of 71 per cent. per annum, leaving a balance of £1,903. The lines between Barnard Castle and Bishop Auckland have just been opened for public traffic. This last remaining link completes another direct route between Newcastle and Liverpool. The hotel P.t Saltburn-by-the-Sea was opened on the 27th of July. The Act amalgamating the railway with that of the North- Eastern Company received the Royal assent on the 13th of July last. In issuing to the shareholders their last report as an independent board, the directors allude to their high appreciation of the confidence which from the opening, 38 years ago, has been extended to those who have had the management of the undertaking, which was never in a sounder or more prosperous condition than at present, and the Amalgamation Act will, in the opinion of the directors, insure the continuation of those advantages which the dis trict has hitherto enjoyed, and conduce to the general wel fare of the now united interests. The capital account shows that £4,223,498 had been expended, leaving a balance of £102,335. SAN PAULO (BRAZILIAN). The directors of this company congratulate the proprietors on the continued steady and satisfactory progress of the company's affairs. Since the last report the weather in Brasil has been more favourable for the operations of the contrac tors, and has enabled them to push the works vigorously throughout the whole line. The option recently offered to the proprietors of paying in advance of calls on a limited num ber of their shares has met with general approval, and will be adopted once more when further funds are required, which the directors contemplate will be towards the close of the pre sent year. The relations between the company and the Im perial Government continue on the most satisfactory footing. It is, however, with much regret that the directors find them selves, in consequence of the diplomatic difficulties between this country and Brazil, temporarily deprived of the per sonal co-operation of the Brazilian Minister, although his Excellency, before leaving England, made such satisfactory arrangements as will prevent any inconvenience to the com pany, should occasion arise for communicating with the Brazilian Government. The report of Mr. Brunlees, the engineer, states that the contractors' returns show that on June 17th 4,721 men were employed on the works, together with 607 mules and bullocks, being a great increase on the number employed in the previous half year. The capital account shows that £1,164,310 had been expended, leaving a balance of £220,231. LONDON DISTRICT TELEGRAPH. The report of the directors states that the accounts show a steady increase in the income of the company and a con siderable decrease in the general working expenses for the half year. The property has been maintained in efficient working order. There are now 79 offices open in London and the suburbs belonging to the company, besides which messages are collected for this company's stations at most of the other telegraphic offices in the United Kingdom and the Continent. The directors have reason to believe that public confidence increases in the working, and that, as a rule, the business is satisfactorily performed. ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE. ROME CIRCUIT—CROYDON, AUG. 5. CROWN COURT. (Before Baron Channell.) Joseph Hawes, 40, was charged with the wilful murder of his wife, Sarah Hawes. Mr. Sharpe conducted the prosecution. The prisoner was defended by Mr. Ribton and Mr. Oppenheim. The facts of this case have appeared within the last few days. Although the pi isoner was charged with the serious offence of wilful murder, the case was opened as one that only involved the crime of manslaughter, and the death of the deceased appeared to have arisen out of an affray that took place between her and the prisoner, she being at the time in a state of intoxication. It appeared that the pri soner was a labouring man, and that he and his wife and five children occupied a back room at No. 84, Upper Ground-street, Blackfriars-road. ' The circumstances con nected with the transaction were not established very clearly by the evidence, but according to the testimony of two women, named Chatfield and Beagin, who lodged in the house, the c prisoner came home from his work be tween six and seven o'clock in the evening of the 16th of July, and at that time the deceased was at home, and there was very little doubt that she was the worse for liquor. Very soon after the prisoner went to his room a quarrel appeared to have taken place between him and his wife, and there were sounds as of blows and falls, and the de ceased was heard to call out " Murder!" The two women referred to went up to the prisoner's room, and they saw the deceased lying upon the ground across the fender, but when they endeavoured to go into the room the prisoner closed the door against them, and said he would serve any man or woman who interfered in the same way that he served his wife, and he at the same time made use of a foul expression to the deceased, and told her to get up, and she muttered something in reply which was in audible. The deceased continued insensible from this time until her death, which occucred a very few hours afterwards. The prisoner had, in the interval, left the house, and he was found by a police-constable narned Mansfield at the Windmill public-house close by, and upon his telling him that he must take him into custody upon the charge of murdering his wife, he replied " It is all through drink. She drank half a pint of whisky off at a draught. I went out to get half a pint of beer, and I saw my second child crying, and told her to tell her mother to get up, and she said she could not speak." The prisoner afterwards said, " God bless her, I would not hurt a hair of her head." - Upoß the body of the deceased being examined, a number of contusions were found upon her face, and there was also a slight wound upon the left temple, which in the opinion of Mr. Coppin, the surgeon, was cauded by falling against the fender, and he also stated in cross-examination that several of the injuries that he observed upon the person of the deceased, and which were, undoubtedly, the cause of death, might have been caused by falls, although he at the same time said he was of opinion that they must have been caused by blows and falls conjointly. It also appeared by the medical testimony that the brain of the deceased was diseased and presented appearances of her having been ad dicted to habits of intemperance. There was no doubt, how ever, from the facts of the case, that the prisoner had been guilty of very brutal violence to the deceased. _ _ Mr. Ribton made an earnest appeal to the jury on behalf of the prisoner, and he contended that in the first place there was no positive proof that the death of the deceased was caused by blows inflicted by the prisoner, and that there was no evidence to show that he had struck her at all, and secondly, he urged that even supposing they should come to the conclusion that the prisoner did strike the deceased, and that her death was the result, that the offence did not, at the utmost, amount to a higher crime than manslaughter. The learned Judge having summed up, the Jury retired to delibe ra t e , and in about half an hour they returne d i n t o court and fou n d the prisoner guilty of manslaughter. His lordship, i n doubt that the p r i soner had caused the death of h i s w if e by very brutal violence, and the only circumstance in his favour passing sentence, said there could be no was that the act did not appear to have been premeditated. The jury had therefore very properly convicted him of man slaughter only; but, under all the circumstances, he felt it to be his duty to order urn to be kept in penal servitude fer 10 years. Thee:Wilson, 23, was charged with feloniously wounding Richard Wakl en, with intent to do him grievous bodily harm, and also with intent to murder him, Mr. J. Sharpe conducted the prosecution on behalf of the Treapury. The prisoner had no counsel. The prosecutor in this case is one of the warders of the Woking Convict Prison, and the prisoner was a convict con fined in that prison, under a sentence of three years' penal servitude, at the time the offence was committed. It ap peared that on the 16th of April the prisoner was in one of the wards of the prison, called the knitting-shed, in the charge of the prosecutor, and according to his evidence the prisoner, who is a cripple and walks with a crutch, without the slightest provocation, raised the crutch with both hands, and struck him a tremendous blow on the head, whi c h knocked him down and rendered him insensible, and he was about to do more violence upon him when he was seized by one of his fellow-prisoners, who held him until assistance arrived and he was secured. The prisoner, when called upon for his defence, said that the warder was always "at him," and would not leave him alone, He also said that he had been in the infirmary of the prison for a considerable time, where they me him codliver oil and gentian, in order ) as he stated, to create an appetite, and when he came out the prosecutor recommenced his old practice of annoying him in every possible manner ; and on the day in question he pulled out his staff, when he thought he was going to strike him with it, and he said he hit him with the crutch in self-defence. The prosecutor was recalled, and in answer to questions put by the learned Judge, he declared that there was not the slightest truth in the story told by the prisoner, and he said that he did not even know the prisoner was in the ward at the time he received the blow from him. The jury found the prisoner guilty of wounding with intent to do grievous bodily harm, and he was sentenced to four years' penal servitude, to date from the present time. A man named Reed was indicted for attempting to cut and wound another man, with intent to kill him. • The case was of a very painful character, although, hap pily, no injury had been inflicted. When the prisoner was arraigned yesterday, he pleaded guilty. Ins counsel, how ever, suggested that there was some doubt as to his state of mind, and this morning he was placed again at the bar, and the surgeon of the gaol was 2 , alled, and stated that to the best of his belief the prisoner could understand the nature of the charge and the evidence, although he was subject to aberrations of mind, which left him lucid intervals. Upon this, _ _ The learned Judge left it to the jury whether the prisoner was of sound mind, so as to be able to understand the charge and the evidence. The jury found that he was. He was again called upon to plead, and The learned Judge explained to him the nature of the charge, and that it involved an intent to kill, upon which The prisoner said he did not certainly do the act with that intent, and there he should plead not guilty. At a later period of the day the case came on for trial. Mr. Best conducted the prosecution; Mr. Lilley and Mr. Laxton appeared for the defence. The prisoner, who is still a young man and had enjoyed a very good character, and had been, it appeared, a preacher among the Primitive Methodists, had been acquainted for some years with the prosecutor, and it appeared from the cross-examination that the prisoner's wife had left him, and that this bad preyed upon his mind. It was something with reference to this which gave rise to the occurrence. The prisoner, it appeared, had married while he was young, and had lately taken proceedings against his wife in the Divorce Court ; and it seemed from the cross-examination that the prisoner, somehow or other, connected the prose cutor with the misfortune of his marriage, and meeting him in the streets made one or two stabs at him with a knife, and cut his coat, but happily was prevented from doing any injury. He said at the time, lam not a boy of 17 n ow , but a man of 28. The prosecutor's wife, who was present at the time, swore that the prisoner said he came all the way from Woolwich to kill her husband, and that, though he had failed with steel, he should succeed with lead, and he re peated this before the p o lice. The knife was produced, but was quite blunt. It was a glazier's putty-knife. Mr. Lilley, in addressing the jury for the prisoner, sug gested that he had been stung to madness about his wife, and was suffering under an aberration of mind at the time he did the act. The surgeon of the gaol was called, and stated that, in his belief, the prisoner had no aberrations in his intellect, but he talked so wildly on religious matters that he thought he was not quite right in his mind on these matters. He also talked about his wife, and appeared very excited, and was rather violent. He spoke about his wife and " the lawyer." Cross-examined by Mr. Best—He talked wildly on reli gious matters, but might have been sane on all others. He spoke of the prosecutor as having introduced his wife to him, and he ascribed all his misfortunes to him. He said she had been living with some " Scripture Reader." Another witness gave the prisoner a good character as connected with temperance meetings, and as a quiet in offensive man. He seemed very much affected about his wife, and was always speaking about her. The witness went to see him in gaol and asked him how he came to do such a mad act, The prisoner said that the Lord Jesus Christ had sent him to do it, and he wished he had killed the prosecu tor, as then be should have gone home to his Heavenly Father. He said he had commenced proceedings against his wife, but that the lawyer had refused to go on any fur ther without morn money, having already had all he had. The learned Judge said this was not the proper course of evidence. The proper inquiry—to raise the defence now suggested—would be whether the prisoner knew the nature of his actions and was in a such a state of mind as to be re sponsible. The witness being as k e d this question , said he hardly thought the prisoner was in such a state of mind. Being cross-examined by Mr. Best, the witness said he had met the prisoner chiefly at temperance meetings, Mr. Best—Well, he could hardly have beea otherwise than quiet at th ose mee ti n gs, could he? The witness said no , but he seemed alwa y s q ui et in his disposition. He spoke always of h is wife, and said, as h e could not hav e j ust i ce by law, he thoug ht he w ould get it on the man w h o i ntro d uce d him to her. Another witness gave the prisoner a good character, hav ing known him f or y e ars ; and state d further that h e had gone with him i n sear ch of his wife , and had found her in a house with anoth er man, w ho put his fist in his face. The prisoner had s a id again an d a g ain that ,the prosecutor had persuaded him to marry the woman, knowing her to be a prostitute. Another gave prisoner a good character, stated h spoke of his wife he was not th e same tat witness,wh when b e who person. He said also that the prosecutor had led him into the marriage. Another witness gave similar evidence. The prisoner's brother, who gave evidence of the same character, stated th at the p rosecutor had said tha t he be lieved he might h ave intercourse with the woman whom he had recommended to the prisoner as his wife. Mr. Best, in reply on the part of the prosecution, urged l i that the evidence for the defence not onl y showed no insane delu s ion, but went q uite to dis p rove it, beca use it went to very serious and somewh a t compli e must request their close an d careful show saidThi et real h leaad o r n r ea dsassumed u :rationalaned h grounds for the feelings he e nt er t a i ned. d Judge, a in summing up the c ase t o th e j ury, cat e d character, attention to it. They would observe that the i ndictment was, " attemptin g did not, and cou ld not, charge a woundin g , f or , in fact, none was inflicted; to wound, with re solved itself real l y into " intent to kill ;" and if th e prisoner used th e knife without an y i ntention to kill, the he could not be convicted u p on this i ndictment. But icteidnt;ent and to So charge that the case the law also laid it d own t hat, however serious the offence, if the man at the time of the committal of the act did not know its nature, he must be acquitted on the ground of insanity. That is supposing there were all the requisites of the offence except the possession of a sane mind. The question resolved itself into the two•fold question, whether the prisoner attempted to wound, and with intent to kill. That is, in short, whether he used the knife with that intent. If he used the knife without that intent, and with any other intent—as/ for instance, to frighten and terrify the prosecutor -- he was entitled to an absolute acquittal. But, if he used the knife with the mind and purpose to destroy life, then there would be the offence charged, unless he was in such a state of mind that he was not master of his actions and was under such delusions that he did not know that he was doing what was wrong, and in that case he must be ac quitted on the ground of insanity. The law on that subject bad been maturely considered and laid down in the House of Lords in Macnaghten's case, and the result was as he had stated ic. The learned Judge then went into the evidence with the utmost care, especially with reference to the pri soner's state of mind, as to which he told the jury the ques tion was whether he was in such a state of mind at the time he committed the act as to be able to know right from wrong and to know that he was doing what was wrong. The evidence of insanity, he observed, was somewhat slight, and the great question was, were the jury justified that the prisoner used the knife with intent to kill ? If, however, they thought he did so use it, they must consider whether, hav ing that intent, he did not at the moment know that it was a crime. If they thought that he had the intent, and was responsible for his actions, of course they must find him guilty. If they thought he had the intent, but was not in a state of mind to know the nature of his actions, they must acquit him on the ground of insanity. If they thought that he had not the intent they must acquit him absolutely. The jury considered their verdict,and, after some minutes, found the prisoner not guilty on the ground of insanity. The learned Judge said he would be detained in custody during her Majesty's pleasure. (Before Mr. Baron Bramwell.) A man named Jeffery was charged with cutting the throat of his landlady. Mr. Laxton appeared for the prosecution. The facts were very simple; the only remarkable point was the absence of apparent motive. It appears that the prisoner came home as usual, met his landlady, accused her of laughing at him, and then forced her head back and inflicted two gashes on her throat, one four the other two inches long and half an inch deep. She became insensible, and remembered nothing further till she found herself in Guy's Hospital. The prosecutrix was called, and corroborated all the facts opened by Mr. Laxton. The constable who apprehended the prisoner said that ho made a statement to the effect that prosecutrix laughed at him, and he cut her throat with a clasp-knife, which ho produced. The surgeon of Guy's Hospital was called, and deposed ,o the nature of the wounds, The prisoner made a statement to the effect that he was drunk at the time, and remembered nothing about it. The learned Judge directed the jary that drunkenness was no excuse for the crime, but, as the crime was appa rently without motive, they would consider whether or not the prisoner was of sound mind. The jury, after a short deliberation, found the prisoner guilty of rounding with intent to murder. Baron Bramwell said that the case was of so peculiar a nature that he would consider the sentence. The prisoner was then removed to Horsemonger-lane Gaol. NORTHERN CIRCUIT.—ArrLEBY, Aug. 4. Mr. Justice Mellor arrived at this ancient borough at 11 o'clock last night from Lowther Castle, where his lordship and the bar had been entertained with the usual princely hospitality of the Earl of tonsdalc. The commission was opened immediately on his lord ship's arrival. This morning, after attending Divine service, his lord ship took his seat in court soon after 10 o'clock, and charged the grand jury. There were no civil causes, and the calendar contained an entry of seven prisoners, five of whom are women—one charged with the murder of her illegitimate child, two charged with concealment of birth, and the rest charged with various larcenies. Agnes Pattinson was indicted for the wilful murder of her infant female child at the parish of Windermere, on the 2d of April last. Mr. Fowler and Mr. Campbell Foster prosecuted. The prisoner had no counsel. It appeared that the prisoner, being pregnant, went into the Milnthorp Workhouse to be confined in February last. She was confined of a fine female child on the 13th of March, which had the peculiarity of being born with a large quantity of long black hair on its head. The prisoner re covered, and on the Ist of April she left the workhouse with her child, having been cautioned by the matron, Mrs. M'Gowan, to take great care of it. The child was then healthy and well, and was dressed in some child's clothes given to the prisoner by Mrs. M'Gowan, some of them the property of the workhouse, and marked. On the afternoon of the 2d of April, about 3 o'clock, the prisoner, carrying her child, called on a female acquaintance of hers named Abbatt, and said she was going to Staveley. There she had a cup of tea, and showed her child's head of hair to Mrs. Abbatt, and seemed kind to the child. At 7 o'clock that night she was met near the Windermere station, where the railway has an arch creasing the road to Bowness, by a man named Park, who noticed her, from her appearing tired in her walk, carrying a small bundle, but no child. This was about four miles from Mrs. Abbatt's house. About nine o'clock she called at a farm-house, and sent in a message to one of the farm men servants named Dacre, wanting to see him, and asked him to set her on her road to Town End. He did so, At that time she had no child and 'no bundle. He had first known her six months before, when she was pregnant, and he had then joked her about her state, and asked her if a cough she had was a breeding cough. On this occasion she coughed, and said, "I have still got the breed ing cough; I have not had one, and it is still to get." She went to a farm house at Ossett Head as domestic servant, and was there on the 13th of April, when one of the railway porters, wanting to take a short cut from the Bowness-read to the railway, went up the embankment, and on his way found a bundle concealed under some laurels. He carried it to the top of the bank, and there he and the station-mas ter discovered in the bundle the dead body of a female in fant. A doctor and the police were sent for, and the body was examined, and a post mortem examination made. There were no outward marks of violence, and the internal organs were all healthy; but, on examining the head, it was dis covered that a triangular piece of bone, about half an inch across it, had been driven in the brain, the skull having been fractured. This injury had caused the death of the child, and it must have arisen from a heavy blow with some blunt instrument, or from a fall from a height on a hard substance. 'No mere fall from a woman's arms could have inflicted the injury, taking into consideration the yielding nature of an infant's head. inquiries caused the prisoner to be taken into custody, and two days afterwards a small bundle was found in the garden of the Rev. Mr. Lowndes, of Windermere, which abuts on the road, within 300 yards of the place where the body of the child was found. These clothes and an old cape, which was wrapped round the body of the child when found, were identified by Mrs. M'Gowan as those which she had given to the prisoner, and the body of the child was also identified by her as the prisoner's child from its long hair and general appearance. On being confronted with Mrs. M'Gowan the prisoner denied at first that she knew her, or that she had ever been in the Milnthorpe Workhouse, or had had a child. Mrs. M`Gowan took her by the hand, and said, " Oh, Agnes, you should tell the truth." The prisoner then burst into tears, and said, "I should not have done it, pr I should not have done so, had my father not turned me out of doors and turned his back I on me three years ago." This was the case for the prosecution. The prisoner wished to have a counsel assigned to speak for her, but the case being over, His Lordship asked her what she wished to say to the jury? The prisoner, who is a fair, little, sulky looking girl of about 20 years of age, said she let the child fall as she was getting over a stile, and it died afterwards in her arms. She did not like to give herself up to the police, but took the body and placed it where it was found, as near to the police-station as she could. His Lordship most carefully summed up the evidence, and told the jury that he could not at that time take upon himself, without the prisoner's previously expressed wish, the responsibility of assigning counsel to defend her, when a single incautious question arising from insufficient instruc tion might lead to most serious results. The jury, after but a short consultation, found the prisoner guilty, but recommended her to mercy. His Lordship then assumed the black cap, and bidding the prisoner not to be led away by false hopes, but to pre pare for the solemn fate that awaited her, passed upon her the awful sentence of death in the usual form, directing her body to be buried in the precincts of the gaol. For a great number of years this is the only charge of murder that has arisen in this county, and the fate of this wretched 3 oung woman seemed to excite a most painful impression in court. This case finished the assizes. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. POST,—We have a confident belief that the blus ter of the Federal Government will produce a very salutary effect in Canada. The authorities at Washington say that the conscription which has already deluged the streets of New York with blood is intended not as a means of augmenting the armies now engaged against the South, but as a menace to England. The force proposed to be raised —300,000 men—is to be kept at home merely for the purposes of drill and general military organisa tion. The excuse offered by Mr. Lincoln and his friends was never suggested until the people of Ne York had forcibly resisted the draft and set at de fiance the power of the Federal Government. In sult to England has always been a favourite stroke of policy with American statesmen. It was suc cessful at the time of the Oregon and Maine boun dary disputes; it was not resented during the Rus sian war, when the alleged enlistment of a few Germans in Pennsylvania induced the President to break off diplomatic relations with this country ; but Mr. Lincoln, if he be wise, will recollect the Trent affair, and the prompt and ample retribution which Lord Palmerston required and exacted. The excuse is that England, during the present contest, has not adhered to that principle of strict neutrality which her Majesty's proclamation announced ;first, by permitting Confederate cruisers to be built in English ports; and, secondly, by permitting British subjects to carry on with the enemy of the United States trade in articles contraband of war. The truth is that the North has no ground of complaint on either score. If the decision in the case of the Alexandra be not good law, the appellate trib una l will set the matter r ight; and with regard to con traband trade, the American cruisers and courts have a remedy in their own hands which they cer tainly have hitherto applied with considerabl e vigour and success. As the British Governm ent is content to believe that the Am er i can prize courts will administer justice i n accordance with international law, the Fe deral authorities are guilty of a pie ce o f offensive bluster, when, anticipating a further hos tile decision in the case of the Alexandra, they sae that they will treat that decision as a casus belli. The probability is that Mr. Lincoln would never have said a word about England if the draft had not been successfully resisted in New York, and when that question is settled we may for a time hear nothing specially offensive to En g l an d. B ut, in the meantime, the chronic jealousy and dislike which the United States have ever di sp l aye d towards this country ought, as we have observed, to act as a warning to Canada. It so happens that the people of Canada, blessed with an amount of liberty and prosperity which seldom falls to the lot of any community, appear to think that, i n th e pre sence of complications which possibly may never arise, they are bound to pay no regard to those mea sures of self-defence which their exposed and ex tended frontier render absolutely necessary. In the war of 1812 the people of the Province gallantly and successfully defeated the invading armies of the United States, and we believe they would do the same if war should again unfortunately arise. But there appears to be a disinclination on their part to lay out any money to provide in time of peace those means of security which, in war, constitute the cheap defence o f nat i ons. Th e C ana di ans see m to think that the duty of defending the Province belongs exclusively to the mother country. They arc qalte content to have a large British army sta tioned amongst them, b ecause " thereout they derive no small advantage ;" but they will incur no ex pense in organising the militia or in forming volun teer corps. The state o f th e military defences in British North America is quite insufficient to meet any incursion which might be made from the United States. In consequence of the Trent out rage, which occurred at the end of 1861, a strong force was despatched to British North . America, and has since remained there. It consists of two battalions of the Guards, several regiments of the line, several batteries of artillery, and a detach ment of engineers. The active militia force consists of about five thousand men, and there are about sixteen thousand enrolled v o l un t eers in various states of efficiency. The se d entary militia, about 180,000, exist only on p aper. T he available force, therefore, is about 12,000 regulars and 21,000 militia and volunteers, making a total of little more than 30,000 men—a force totally in adequate to defend the lake frontier of the Upper Province. In spite of the urgent appeals of the Colonial-office, the Legislature of Canada has re fused to place the militia of Canada on an efficient footing. As the Canadians have net sympathy ,vith the North, the present aspect of affairs on the con tinent may induce them to show a little of the sp i r i t which animated their fathers in the w,e of 1 812. P ru dence as well as self-interest should lead them to adopt this course. We may add that it is the bounden duty of the Home Government to look to the naval defence of the Province. On the inland seas which stretch from Lake Superior to the St. Lawrence there is not so much as a gunboat or an armed steamer, while the Americans profess to have in their ports a flotilla which at any time would give them command of the lakes, and render access to Canada a matter of comparative ease. HERALD.—To till the earth is the most ancient occupation of man, and the inevitable destiny of a large portion of the human race. Let trade, krßanu fact urea, and commerce accomplish what they may, agriculture is ever essential to the sustenance and comfort of the innumerable familiesof mankind. The staff of life is found in the furrows of the field, and the sharpwitted denizen of the city is dependent for muscle, bone, and brain upon the patient labour of the seemingly dull and ignorant peasant. Cities may rise and flourish, but in the very height of their glory, as well as in the bud and springtime of their history, they are dependent on the culture of the soil for the stamina and lifeblood of their popu lation. The chemist comes to the trader, and the clerk, the merchant, and the millionaire, and de clares that whatever may be the keenness of the intellect, the polish which civilisation gives to the manners, or the amount of material wealth which may be at the disposal of the citizen, the mortal part of the man is built up of materials " of the earth earthy," and that, after all, the million dwellers in the city are but dust. It may be very bumbling, but it is important that man should " know himself" in a physical as well as a moral sense. The most delicate beauty in Mayfair or Belgravia—so far as her corporeal frame is con cerned—is but a cunningly contrived compound, comprising so many pounds of carbon, so many pails of water, so much phosphate of lime, and sundry chemical ingredients, which Faraday may exhibit in phials and boxes. And all this animal frame is perishable, perpetually melting or crumbling away, as surely as so much salt or sand, To keep the structure in repair food is essential. Man lives on air as well as bread, and the milliner who shuts up her work people to sleep or work where the air is confined and vitiated, as surely starves them as though she gave them a miserly allowance of food. But even this air, of which sanitary reformers say so much, is in many respects an agricultural pro duct. The breeze which circulates through the Lon don streets was half an hour ago travelling over the green fields which lie to the windward. The used up air of the metropolis goes floating away to lee ward, and loses its carbonic acid among the herbs, and trees, and hedgerows of the country. As an insular people the English may give all the credit they can to the sea, but to the smiling country which surrounds the hives of British industry are we mainly indebted for the exhaustless supplies of pure, re freshing air which keep our erowded cities from utter stagnation, corruption, and death. But more directly still are we dependent on the country for food. Some of us were lately alarmed by being told that the vegetable mould was becoming exhausted, and that the earth was about to refuse us her increase. We are now told, as we have been told before, that as the town is fed by the country, so is the country to be fed by the town. A debt has long been accu mulating in which the country is the creditor. Forced loans from Peru are to be tolerated no longer. Cash payment from home resources is now insisted upon as the truest economy.. The sewage of towns, rich in the elements of agricultural pro duce, is no longer to be thrown away, into the sea or elsewhere, but to be carefully collected and duly repaid to the broad acres from which the towns are fed. This debt, honourably paid, is to make Englishmen henceforth independent of foreign supplies. Justus Von Liebig declares that Great Britain is large enough, if we take arable sur face of the land, to produce all the corn and meat necessary for its inhabitants. Good news this for John Bull. But, as the shrewd philosopher ob serves, " the manufacturers of the dealers in manure are on a principle inimical to the utilisation of sewage, and in the battle which is being fought they are the inimical army whose forces should be on no account underrated." Happily, the learned Liebig has found a sop for these hungry manufac turers and dealers. It would have been a difficult thing for Gillott to have proved that the introduc tion of steel-pens would be found favourable to the old goose-quill interest ; but Liebig succeeds to ad miration in showing that the manufacture of arti ficial manure will be promoted by the utilisation of sewage. The baron has hit the blot. He knows well enough that the sewage is wanted by the agriculturist, that it is the very pabulum which our fields demand. But there is an obstacle:in the way. That obstacle is not a mere engineering difficulty, as Mr: Thwaites would suppose, but is simply the old stumbling-block which for a time has tripped up many a noble enterprise. In short, vested interests stand in the way; the personal, pecuniary interests of sundry individuals engaged in the preparation of certain chemical manures, which only partially supply the wants of the farmer and the real neces sities of the country. The Metropolitan Board of Works, as the tribunal before whom the question is now brought, appear to be ear-wigged by the artificial manuring interest, and the nation is in danger of being robbed of the enormous value re presented by the 266,000,000 tons of metropolitan sewage annually cast away. This must not be, and Liebig happily shows that it is not to the interest of any party that such waste should be perpetuated. The baron's argument is simply this; that town sewage is rich in ammonia but deficient in phos phoric acid with less of the ammonia. It is to he remembered that the phosphoric acid must be provided, or the fields will not render their proper return to the tillers of the soil. Potash and ammonia are both readily obtainable from the sewage ; while the manufacturer cannot readily command them apart from this source. But the phosphates, in which the sewage is deficient, - can be easily extracted from bones by the manufacturer, and we have only to add to the town sewage that which the manufacturer is able to supply, and we at once obtain a compo un d exactly adapted to the wants of the farme r . The metropolitan sewage would annually require nearly £200,000 worth of superphosphate, by whi c h arrangement the money value of the sewage to the farmer would exceed a million of pounds. And it should be observed that the value of the sewage is in this case determined, not by any mere theoretical standard, but by a com parison with guano, the elements and practical value of which are alike known. It is not only for the ratepayers of London, but for the nation at large to say, whether, under these circumstances, the sewage of towns shall any longer be suffered to flow away as a mere nuisance, instead of being made conducive to the interests of town and coun try. It may be hoped that even the " inimical army" which Liebig dreads will now be pacified, and, in view of the £191,628 per annum in the case of London alone for superphosphate at five guineas per ton, will lay down its arms, and go on with its proper work, content to take its rightful share in promoting and enjoying the general prosperity. Certainly, in his recent letter, Liebig has shown his knowledge of the world, as well as his intimate acquaintance with chemistry and agriculture. TIMES.—The annual slaughter of excursionists has now commenced. The season may be considered to open on the Ist of August, and this year the public have not had to wait long for the first casu alty. On Monday evening five persons were killed, and some five-and-twenty others were more or less injured, on the Lynn and Hunstanton Railway, about two miles from the former town. The imme diate cause of the accident was an unhappy bullock, which had strayed on the line. This is the second accident which has happened from such a cause. Strangely enough, the danger of cattle straying on the line had been thought of by one of the opponents of the railways before these means of communica tion were yet in being. George Stephenson was asked by an adverse committeeman, " Suppose a cow gets in the way ?" " So much the worse for the cow," he replied. The greatest men are sometimes wrong, and the obstacle which George Stephen son thought would be cut to pieces by a rail way train without the passengers perceiving it has now on two occasions thrown carriages off the rails and produced fatal accidents. In the present case, we cannot but thing that there was neglect. With no wish to raise an outcry against the company or its servants, we must form this opinion from the facts reported. In the first place, the animal ought not to have been on the line at all. It had been already shown that the bones of cattle are strong enough to resist even the wheels of a railway train, and the company was bound, not only out of regard to its neighbours' property, but the lives of its passengers, to take care that there were such fences between the fields and the line as should be effectual barriers against any intrusion. " It is said," says our report, " that cattle have been found on the line ! more than once before, and that when a party of officials, brought by a special train from London, visited the spot at 3 o 'clock on Tuesday morning, they found horses on the line. The fence between the line and the grazing land at the spot where the accident happened was not much above a foot high, and the dykes were quite drys; Here is quite enough to convict the company 8 management of negligence in attending to the safety of their line. But if the accounts received are correct there was an actual warning given of the danger from this very animaql.Ttehreroef an weretwohourf a excursionafter the other.trains, one The starting a quarter first reached Lynn safely, but passed the bullock in a dry dike by the side of the line. Probably the Com pany's servants are accustomed to meet such visitors, for no notice appears to have been taken or signal made to those behind, and by the time the second train chlrie along the bullock wes upon the rails, and this deplore hie accident happened. Certainly, if the company eaneh et undertake to keep its line clear of licrses and oaten , it should at least naturalise the A.naerican invention 1,..f the "cow-catcher," which is said effectually to peeeeing up the ani ma l an d th ro v r iing ,:t such occurrences by tak ing out of the engine's path. Although this accident might have equally happened to an ordinary train, s t ill the hurry and comparative negligence whicharise from the increase and irregularity of the traffic at this season of the year give reason to fear that many accidents of a like kind will occur. Probably in this case, if the second train had not been so close behind, some one would have reported that there were cattle dangerously near the rails, and the animal might have been driven off. Anti what is the succession of two trains within a quarter of an hour com pared with the excursion traffic of the railways running out of London and the great northern towns? On these there are very often three or four trains started at little more than five minutes' in terval ; not uncommonly two ere in a tunnel at once, the one pursuing the other through the dark -e- •.. ness. Very often the public, on some day of extra ordinary business, are told that there are no regular times for the trains, but that they will be started as soon as they can be filled and got off. So they are, and at times, after several minutes' incessant scream ing of the whistle, the excursionist may put his head out and be gratified by the sight of one enormous train at a standstill before him and another gaily corning up behind. When one con siders what the Companies attempt and what they really perform during these three autumn months, not to mention the extra traffic for races, fetes, re• gattas, and the like, the wonder is that they do not kill very many more. We cannot fairly complain of them. They do their best to serve the public. They confer a great national benefit by giving tens of thousands the power of quitting the dingy town for a few hours or days. Every one engaged in their service is half worked to death, and their more responsible servants are worn out with anxiety. They do all that they can, but from the very nature of the traffic, as at present conducted, the danger to the passengers is extreme. It is for those who have the direction of it to take measures for the safety of persons who intrust their lives to the Company. We are persuaded that by proper precautions, and particularly by employing a sufficient staff of servants at this period of tripled or quadrupled traffic, most of the causes of danger might be removed. By strict atten tion to signals, by forbidding one train to pass a station until the train before it has passed the station in advance, by returning to the prac tice of a virtue which they seem to have for gotten—namely, punctuality,—by not lingering on one part of the road and then making up for the de fect by a dangerous spurt at another, and, finally, by an examination of their line, locomotives, and carriages as the time approaches when all are to be more than usually tried, the Companies have it in their power to reduce very greatly the dangers of excursion traffic. The country will look for some extra care and exertion from the directors of asso ciations that profit so much by the pleasures of the people. The excursion traffic of the present season bids fair to be greater than ever, and its managers would do well to be careful in time. COUNTRY MARKETS. 4.. , .. NEWARK-WEDNESDAY. Only a middling supply of wheat, which sold for about as much money as last week. Grinding barley and oats made last week's prices. Beans sold at full rates. White wheat new, 47s to 52s ' Barley,lgrinding.. 27s to 30s Red do. 438 to 47s 1 Oats, old, .. 27s to 30s Old white 4Bs to 546 New do 22s to 265 Red do 446 to 49s 1 Beans.. —s to -- 0 Barley, malting - 6 to —e / Beans, new 36s to 405 HULL-TUESDAY. At to-day's market there was barely an average supply of wheat, which was taken off at last week's rates. Beano were a moderate show, and supported their value. Barley at about last week's currency. Oats in steady demand. Peas as before. Wheat.... Old white per qr. 478 Od to 50s Od Old red New white .. New red .... ~ Barley.... English malting 36s Od to 37s Od Grinding 26s 6d to 28s Od Saal and Oderbruck Holstein and Danish 3os Od to 31s Od Grinding 2Bs Od to 31s Od Oats English, old Archangel and Riga, per st osl2jd to 13d Friesland and Dutch oBl3d to oal3id Swedish and Danish osl2 1d to Oslad Beans ....English, old, per qr. 43s Od to 45s 04 New pigeon 42s Od to 44s Od New tick 4os Od to 42s Od Egyptian 33s Od to 34s 6d Peas Foreign boilers Grinding Tares ....Spring Indian Corn Linseed, feeding s2s Od to 56s oc l crushing Linseed cakes (Hull) 110 0 0 to £0 0 0 Foreign Bl5 oto 9 0 0 Rape cakes 6 2 6to 0 0 0 Bones LYNN-TUESDAY. At to-day's corn market samples of wheat sold at about late prices. Harvest work has commenced here ; oats have been cut for some days past. A good average crop is ex pected in all kinds of grain. White 44s to 48s Rcd .. 40s to 453 Beans .36s to 40s New —a to —s Barley ..--,6 to --6 Grinding ..28s to 323 Oats .2os to 24s Peas —s to --s COAL rrioes of Coal per Ton al B. d. Carway and Duffryn • Malting l9 6 alker Primrose 12 9 Eden Main .. 16 6 North Pelton Gas. 13 3 ARKET. the close of the market. s, d Ships at market Walls End. Haswell.... . 3 A K elloe Hetton lB Ridde11.....,.. l6 t, 13 ; sold, 13. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. A ustralia and Mauritius, via Southampton .. Aug. 18. via Marseilles ... Aug. 13. Jrazil and Cape Yards, by British packet. Sept. 3. Cape of Good Dope, Ascension, and St. Helena.. Aug. ---' China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton. Aug. 2. via Marseilles ... Aug --• Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton .. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via. Southampton Aug, 2. via Marseilles Aug. --. India (Bombay), via Southampton Aug. 10. via Marseilles Aug. 20. Portuga 1.... Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Aug. 2. via Marseilles Aug. 1 3 . Newfoundland Oporto and Vigo U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.... Aug. 13. by U.S. packet.... by Canadian packet. Aug. 7. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe Aug. 10 Bahamas, via New York Aug.B. 8 27. Mexico.. .. All partsornia. and Brit of West Indiesish , Columbia including .. Chili, Peru, 1 ?"1g. Aug. 413, [ADVERTISEMENT.]—HoIIoway's Ointment and Painful Diseases.—Many simple maladies are permitted to become virulent through persons' reluctance to expose their infirmities to another. For rightly using Holloway's esteemed remedies no counsellor is necessary; no adviser beyond that contained in the accompanying directions is re quired. Piles, fistulas, and many other ailments which de mand secrecy, can be safely conduct e d by H o lloway's oint ment and pills to an easy and permanent cure. They can be conffdetly applied in the most painful, irritating, and dangerous diseases; they purify, soothe, cool, heal, and radically cure when any treatment short of producing these combined effects must result in unsuccessful if not di,as trous consequences. The severest sufferers of every chaos have been restored by Holloway's ointment and pills. Births. ARMSTRONG.—On the sth inst., at 12, Castlenau Barnes, the wife of Edward John Armstrong, Esq., of a son. BARNARD.—On the 4th inst., at Cambridge House, Chel tenham, the wife of Major A. Cary Barnard, late 41st Regt., of a son. prrun.—On the 4th Inst., at Coptfold Hall, Essex, the Lady Catherine Petre, of a daughter. Marriages. DAVIES—HANKEY.—On the 4th inst„ at Balcombe Church , Captain Henry Fanshawe Dawes, Grenadier Guards, the eldest son o f Lieut.-General Davies, of Danehurst, Sue sex, to Ellen Christine Alexander, second daughter of John A. Hankey, Esq., of Balcombe Church, Sussex. NEWC OMEN—JERVOISE.—On the 4th inst., Arthur Henri Turner Newcomen, Esq , of Kirkleatham Hall, York shire, to Rachel, third daughter of Sir Jervoise Clarks Jervoise, Bart., M.P., of Idsworth, Hants. Deaths. EAST.—On the 4th inst., Mr. Joseph East, of 11 Abchurch lanercity, aged 74. GURNEY.—On the 3d inst., at Kilburn, Mr. Josh. GurneYo of 56, St. James's•street, aged 66. KINCAID.—On the 3d inst., at North Woolwich, John D. Kincaid, aged 68. MoNTAou.--On the 31st ult., at Bath, Capt, M. Montagu) R.N., aged 76. ORD.— On the 2d inst. at Tenby, Jame s Pi c k er i ng O r d ! Esq., of Langton Hall, Leicestershire, aged 74. TIPPING.—On the 4th inst., at Liverpool, John Tipping/ Esq., aged 88. WINDT.—On the 31 inst., accident a ll y , b y a fall from his horse, Clayton de Windt, Esq., of Blunsdon Hall, Wilts. and Dinnington, Northumberland. London: Printed and Published by WILLI AM A NDREWS' of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at T HE SUN Office No. 11 2 * mi S t r d a d n i d e; ex. Thursday, Aug us t 6 , 1863. in the Precinct of t h e S avoy, in the County of