The Sun. — London, England, 1864-08-02 00:00:00

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA, (From the limes' Correspondent) NEW YORK, July 19. The long-expected proclamation of the President ordering a new draught appeared yesterday. It was thought that he would not have asked for more than 300,000, bat he has called for 500,000. No body, however, is much surprised. It is as easy to say a million as half a million, and quite as difficult in the present temper of the American people to raise the smaller as the larger number. To call spirits from the vasty deep is one thing. To get them to come is another. Nothing is easier for Mr. Lincoln than to say he must have new and immense arcaies, but to draw them out of the vasty deep of the American people is a feat beyond the power of the magician. It is likely, however, that between this time and the day of the Presidential election about a third of the number (say 150,000 men) may be got together by the system of high bounties sided by the great flood of immigration ; and that, contented with this addition to the armies in the field- - whicia will b 3 duly represented as much larger than it is—the Administration will discover abundant reasons for not enforcing the conscription in any city or township where it might breed die. content and rebellion. It appears from a tabular statement, published this morning, that since April,lB6l, when Mr. Lin coln modestly called for 75,000 men to reduce the South to obedience, he has on successive occasions called for upwards of 1,800,000 men, exclusive of 497,000 militiamen to protect the borders. At pre sent it is a very large estimate which place; the Federal armies at more than 600,000 men. If any one could suppose that the several calls were filled, and the 1,600,000 men actually enrolled and sent to battle, there would remain the enormous number:of 1,200,000 to be accounted for as having been slain, maimed, disabled, or taken prisoners, or as having served out their stipulated time or deserted. No one knows, or ever will know, the number of the elain; but whe n it i s remem b ere d h ow bl oo dy were all tae battles of M'Ciellan and his successors down to General Grant, and that Grant himself has lest 100,000 men since he crossed the Rapidan more than nine weeks ago, one-half of whom were' killed, it can scarcely be considered an exaggerated computation to put down a quarter of a million among the dead, bat, perhaps, unburied victims of the war. The number of the maimed who have lost arms and legs in the pursuit of victory is as difficult to arrive at as that of the slain unless a special ce nsus ware taken ; but any one who walks the streets of New York may observe a sufficient number of these mutilated heroes to justify him in the belief that, if New York be in this respect a fair specimen of the other cities of the North and West, there is as large a number of wounded men as of ?lead ones to be placed to the debit side of the struggle. If Governor Seymour, for instance, would but undertake to bring these living " braves" toges thee, and pass their ghastly legions in review, there is no open space within the limits of the city which would contain them, and he would have to summon them to meet in the flats of New Jersey, if be would rd to his countrymen and to the world so new brit so suggestive a spectacle of the horrors of war. B ut, taking the killed, the wounded, and the dis a bled as at least amounting to half a million, there 'would remain still 700,000 men to be accounted for as prisoners, deserters, and volunteers who have suirved their time. If there be such a number in existence, it is to them, to the emigrants, and to the negroes that Mr. Lincoln will have to look for the half million of new victims which his ruthless policy requires. The working classes are notoriously indis posed to the fight. The traders and farmers have had enough of it. The peace party is daily gather ing strength, and a Nictory achieved by the South, .ineS,:ead of firing the heart of the North, and fan- ning up the flickering and fading flame of the Once lenient enthusiasm of the people, would, there is every reason to believe, have the contrary effect, a: ad predispose to peace many thousands and tens of thousands whose original opinions on the justice necessity of the war have begun to waver. Nor is the question of money less critical than that of men. General Sherman's troops, whether their rtuc:tbers be 60,000 or 1‘.',0,000, have not received a cent of pay since the 31st of December, 1863. The Governmeut is in arrear to them for upwards of six mouths and a half. Mr. Fessenden has been unable to bf)rrow 50,000,000 of greenb Inks from the banks of New York—mainly because the banks do not po.. , :ess 20 ; 000,000 among i.hem of that particuiar 'variety of the currency, and he is not authorised by lvw to accept or put into circulation 50,000,000 of the notes of the State banks. Without further loans and further issues of legal tender notes, already so depreciated that the paper dollar is worth but 35c. in coin, the Federal Government cannot provide the me ens for the payment of its existing armies. It is nad.er such circumstances that Mr. Lincoln demands more men. If be raise them, he must also raise money to pay them, and, in default of taxes and of loans, nothing is left for him but a paper currency, very likely in view of events as well as of its own independence to fall in value until it becomes about as worthless as the Continental money of the Ame. rican Revolution, er the French ass ignats, about 500 of which were necessary to purchase a cup of coffee. People are asking whether Mr. Lincoln will not now order the release of Howard, the forger, who showed him, somewhat prematurely, the paths in which he ought to walk. The false proclamation ba:d the campaign of Grant was a failure, called for a levy of 40,000 men, and appointed a day of fast ing, humiliation, and prayer. Mr. Lincoln has nut only arrived at Howard's mark, but overstepped it by 100,000 men ; confessing by his acts, if not by his words, that Grant's failure is as great as Howard, with prophetic impudence, represented it to be; and that fasting and prayer are more ap propriate to the circumstances than rejoicings and thanksgiving. Whatever be done with Howard, he has shown himself to be a " smart" man, and, as this is a country where " smartness," irrespective of honesty, is always held in esteem, he will un doubtedly come out of Fort Lafayette a more con. 'Adorable personage than when he entered it. Grant seems to be at a complete, and Sherman at a quasi, standstill. The " raiders," if such they were, and no more—who desolated large tracts of Maryland, and were so near taking Washington, or to have lost it by a hair's breadth of accident—have retired with their booty no one knows whither. The comfortable Government at the capital, believing all danger to be over, has sent back the few militia men that rushed to arms at its call for the defence of the border, and is once again slumbering in se curity, apparently without the slightest idea that the raid may be but the first rain drop of a storm and that Lee—and a deluge —may be ready to f a ll when the clouds are heavy enough. Bat if the battle lingers the war of words goes on—and f oo li s h Generals talk when they should be silent. The only Northern commanders who have won great battles are M'Ciellan and Grant. And these two, among all the soldiers who one after the other have been intrusted with high command, are as yet the only two who know bow to hold their tongues. Their talent for silence is as great as their genius for war. M'Clellan only became an orator after he had ceased to be employed in the field ; and Grant has never yet made a speech. The talking an d writing Generals, such as Butler, Schenck, Wallace, Banks, Burnside, Pop 6, Hooker, and Sherman, have all proved to be military failures, with the single ezeeption of the last, who has still the victory to achieve which will take him out of the category. These Generals are all more or less clever with the tongue and the pen, but they are none of them dis creet enough to keep their own counsel—a kind of diseretion in the leaders of armies which may well be called the better part of their Thus General Sherman has found iJ indite a very singular epistle to his subor dinate General Burbridge, commanding in the military '-strict. of Kentucky. In this document he orders that guerillas in Kentucky shall be "treated as it' they were wild b:nsts," and h un t e d and shot down rcrnorse!eFsly. 113 reminds Gen. Burbridge that before earring on his campaign into G eorg i a " he foresaw that they kind of person would become and asked Mr Brami e th, t h e very tr o ublesome," Governor of the State, to organise in every county a small and trustworthy band, commanded by th e aberiff, "wh o should at ono dash arrest every man valour in the community who was dangerous to it"—i. e., whom the sheriff supposed to be dangerous. The sheriff and his trustworthy band were also to arrest every fellow hanging about the towns, villages, and cross-roads who had no honest calling. The Go vernor, however, did not see fit to t s the advice, thinking, no doubt, as Gen. Sherman conjectures, " that this sweeping exhibition of power seemed rather arbitrary." Therefore Gen. Sherman, whose sole business just now should be to fight Gen. John ston, has seen fit to take the matter out of the Go ,. ernor's hands, and make an end in Kentucky not only of the guerillas by shooting and hanging, but of all persons, male or female, who have harboured or encouraged such unrecognised soldiers. The punishment of such sympathisers with rebellion is to be transportation by batches of 300 or 400 from the " fair garden of Kentucky," their native home. They are to be seat down the Mississippi in a vessel bearing the Federal flag, and thus to run the gaunt let of their friends, the yet uncaptured and unhang guerillas who molest the banks of that river. If they escape death and arrive safely at New Orleans, they are to be put on board a sailing ship and trans ported to a land, which the General does not name, " where they may if they please found a slave colony, and take their slaves along with thorn." The General, well aware that so extraordinary a proceeding will require justification in the eyes of the world, finds it ready to his hands, where tyrants have ever found it in all ages. "My own defence," he says, "was and is that the civil authorities in Kentucky would do this; bat if they will not or cannot, we' must, for it must be done." And who are " we?" The General answers the inquiry in another and, beyond doubt, the most remark able portion of his letter. " The fact is," he says, "in our country personal liberty has been so well secured that public safety is lost sight of in our laws and institutions. We are thrown back 100 years in civilisation, laws, and everything else, and will go straight to anarchy and the devil, if some body won't arrest our downward progress. We, the military, must do it." Herein the indiscreet Gene ral confesses too much. Under the Constitution, and the system of State rights, personal liberty was secured; and public safety—i.e., the safety of the Central Government, was so little endangered that the founders of American liberty lost sight of it in the laws and institutions which they formed. As all the difficulty which has plunged the country into this fearful war arose out of an intermeddling with the rights of the States—and an attempt, unhappily successful, to maximize instead of to minimize the power and authority of the Central Government, the true remedy for the evils which afflict the land and threaten the anarchy which the General foresees would seem to lie in a return to the principles of the Constitution. This, however, is not what General Sherman and the governing party desire. Under the plea of necessity and the danger to the public safety, they have abrogated the Constitution, in creased the power of the Administration, and helped to produce anarchy, in order to take advantage of it to erect a despotism on the ruins of liberty, " We, the military, will do it," says the man of the shoulder straps. There can be no doubt of the willingness, even if he had not blurted it out so bluntly. But a wiser General than Sherman has spoken, a General who is fortunately not in command of an army, but reduced to the less dangerous station of civil governor of a province. General Banks, at a meeting of the Bar of New Orleans on the 7th inst., took occasion to say "that the settlement of the difficulties between North and South must proceed from the moral power of the country, which was something greater and more Efficacious than the sword." He coupled this sensible admission with a melancholy, if not with a humiliating, one—that it was the first duty of the people to make such sacrifices on the field of battle as success might demand. This means that both parties are too proud to yield to moral reasons, while a chance is left for conquest, and that only when one or the other, or both, are exhausted by their unavailing bloodshed, the moral power, so much greater and more effica cious than thq sword, will have a chance to prevail among a people who claim to bo the most highly.. educated and religious in the world. Perhaps, however, General Banks is of opinion that if the South will not yield to the North, or the North to the South, and that they must, therefore, continue fighting out of mere pride, till exhaustion ensue, the " moral power" of Christendom might at this or some not very remote day be employed to counsel them to lay down their arms, and debate the terms of compromise and peace by means of a general convention of all the States in the mode provided by the Constitution ? If such be really his belief, he is a much wiser man than Mr. Lincoln, or any member of his Cabinet. The Board of Trade and the Railways, The Board of Trade has issued the following circular: "Whitehall, July 30, " Sir,—l am directed by the Lords of the Com. mittee of Privy Council for Trade to request you to state to the directors of the railway company that my Lords have had under their con. sideration the complaints, frequently urged on their attention, of the danger existing or apprehended from the want of means of communication between the different portions of a railway train while in motion. Several instances have occurred of car riages having taken fire, or having been thrown off the rails, the passengers in which had no means of making their perilous situation known to the ser vants of the company in charge of the train. Recent occurrences also of a criminal nature in passenger railway trains have excited among the public a very general feeling of alarm. Under these cir cumstances, my Lords are desirous of calling the attention of railway companies to this subject, with a view to the consideration by them of the question how far, by means of increased facili ties for communication between different portions of a railway train while in motion, or rather im proved regulations, it may be practicable to obviate the evils complained of and to allay the sense of insecurity at present prevailing among railway passengers. ‘‘ My Lords are very sensible that without the cordial co-operation of the railway companies any attempt to introduce improvements in the system of railway management would be attended with doubtful success. " Several expedients have been suggested as cal culated in some degree to further the desired object. • " One expedient for guarding against offences in railway carriages which has been proposed is that of placing windows between the compartments of each carriage. As these windows might be pro vided with curtains, the privacy of the carriages need not ordinarily be interfered with. "As an expedient for providing means of com munication between the guard and the passengers, it has been suggested that every vehicle forming part of a passenger train should be furnished with footboards and handrails, which would admit of the guard (or, in case of emergency-, other persons) passing along the train. "It appears to my Lords deserving of considera tion whether this expedient, guarded, of course, by carefully framed regulations to prevent abuseonight not be generally adopted with beneficial effects, " The use of a cord running along the train, by means of which the guard can attract the attention of the engine-driver, has now existed on some lines so long as to prove that there is no difficulty in its application. " I am to request that my Lords may be favoured with the opinion of the directors as to the practical value of the arrangements of the nature specified, and a!so with any suggestions which the directors may think adapted to accompli s h the ends which my Lords have in view. " I am also to request that my Lords may be in formed what means are in practice on your line for effecting communication between different portions of a train while in mop ion, and whether, with a view to the application of such means to the carriages of one company ps.ssing on the lino of another com pany, any regulation© of a general and compulsory character are deemed expAient.—l am, sir, your obedient servant, " JAMES BOOTH. " The Secretary of th e . Railway Company." THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, AUGUST 2, 1864. Naval and Military Intelligence, We have received the following letter from a Malta correspondent, dated the 28th of July :—Her Majesty's screw steamship of the line Marlborough, bearing the flag of the Commander.in-Chief, Vice- Admiral Smart, K.H., accompanied by the Meeanee, steam liner, Liffey and' Magicienne, steam frigates, re-entered port on the 22d, from a four days' cruise in the offing of Malta, to try rates of sailing. She ?eft again on the 26th for another cruise in the channel of Malta, to exercise great guns. The Meeanee and Magicienne entered port on the 27th, and put to sea again on the 28th. Her Majesty's screw steam frigate Phcebe, relieved on the coast of Syria by the Cossack, corvette, arrived on the 23d of July, after a 12 day's passage, chiefly under sail. Her Majesty's despatch steamer Psyche leaves for Naples to-day, probably to announce the visit to that port next month of a naval division under Vice- Admiral Smart, deferred, it is reported, until the return to Caprera of General Garibaldi from Ischia, The Sultan's despatch steamer Peki Sherif arrived from Constantinople on the 23d and left for Tunis on the 24th of July, with despatches from the Sub lime Porte to the Sultan's Commissioner at Tunis, with an offer, it is stated, of 25,000 mounted Bashi- Bazonks, to put down the insurrection of the Tunisian territory." The deaths of the following officers have been reported at the War-office since the Ist of July : Gen. Sir R. W. Gardiner, G.C.8., K.C.H., Col. Commandant of the Royal Artillery ; Lient.-Gens. Sir W. Brereton, K.C.8., K.H., Royal Artillery ; and C. M. Hay, Col. of the 91st Highlanders; Major-Gens. R. Hardinge, K.H., Royal Artillery; H. N. Vigors, and N. T. Lake, C. 8., Col. E. T. P. Sherwen, Royal Artillery; Lieut.-Col. H. J. P. Booth, 43d Light Infantry; Majors A. Fleming, Royal Artillery; G. V. Tilling, Royal Engineers ; S. Harfnn, 2d West India Regiment ; and R. Woods, Bth Veterinary Battalion; Capts. H. 0. Mann, 7th Royal Fusileers ; R. C. Glover, R. T. F. Hamil. ton, and E. Utterton, 43d Light Infantry, killed in action in New Zealand; F. G. E. Ulover, 43c1 Light Infantry, of wounds received in action in New Zealand ; G. W. Wilmot, 106th Bombay Light Infantry ; P. W. Kingsmill, 4th West India Regiment; and H. Kirwan, 15th Regiment ; Lieuts. H. Macsween, Royal Engineers ; H. W. Ashford, 100th Prince of Wales's Royal Canadian Regiment ; R. Brew, Ist West India Regiment; J. B. Powell, 12th Regiment; and E. K. Champion; Ensigns C. J. Langland, 431 Infantry (killed in action); A. Chayter, 63d Regiment ; C. T. Martin, 70th Regi ment ; and A. V. Hodenberg, 7th Line Battalion, King's German Legion ; Quartermaster W. G. Street, 46th Regiment; Assistant Commissary- General C. Wemyss ; Surg. M. L. Este, Ist Life Guards; Assist.-Surg. J. Greig, M.D. ; Hospital Assistant A. Bruce ; Deputy-Assistant Superin tendent of Stores J. Rainsford. ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE, NORTHERN CIRCUIT-MANCHESTER ) AUG. 1. CEOWN SIDE. (Before Mr Baron Pigott,) Ann Leslie was placed at the bar charged with firing a pistol at John Whalley, at Manchester, on the 22d of March last, with intent to murder him, and with other intents. Mr Pope and Mr Watson conducted the prosecution, and Mr Torr defended the prisoner. According to the opening statement of the learned coun sel for the Crown, Mr Whalley, the prosecutor, was a mer chant, living at Old Trafford, and had formed a connexion some 10 or 11 years ago with prisoner, who then belonged to the class of unfortunates, and had solicited him one even ing in the street. The connexion lasted two or three years, at the expiration of which time Mr Whalley, being desirous of putting an end to it, gave the prisoner money to estab lish herself in business in various places, and to emigrate to Australia—but these plans for her maintenance failing, he ultimately allowed her £3 per month, which allowance was paid up to a twelvemonth ago. It was then discontinued on account of the large demands made upon the prosecutor by the prisoner, and the latter then began to persecute Mr Whalley by following him in the street and claiming assistance from him, and to such an extent that ho on one occasion called in the assistance of the police. On the 15th of last March the prosecutor was opening the door to leave his warehouse when he perceived the pri soner before him presenting a pistol, and he immediately withdrew inside and shut the door, and saw nothing more of her on that day. On the 22d, however, at 2G minutes past 5 o'clock, as he was leaving his warehouse, he saw her again standing on the steps of the adjoining warehouse, and he then warned her that if she attempted anything he would give her into the hands of the police. He made his way as quickly as he could towards the Victoria station, but as he was descending some steps which conduct to a bridge, from which on the other side a steep incline rises up to the station, he heard a report of a pistol, and looking back saw the prisoner on the top step and present ing a pistol at him of which she appeared to be endeavour ing to draw the trigger. He called to two boys who hap pened to be near to stop her from firing, and took to his heels across the bridge and into the station, taking refuge in one of the carriages, the prisoner telling the boys that if they interfered with her it would be the worse for them, and calling after the prosecutor "You villain, I'll kill you to-night," ran after him into the station, where she was secured with the pistol in her hand. The prosecutor had not been hit, but it appeared that a man named Taylor, who happened to be coming from the station and down the in cline towards Mr Whalley at the time of the occurrence, heard the report when he was about 77 yards distant, and at the same moment felt himself struck on the breasc at a place where he immediately afterwards found that his waistcoat was slightly torn. Although no bullet was found, the theory of the prosecution was that the blow was from the bullet which, being fired from the pistol when it was pointed downwards after the prosecutor as he descended the steps, hit the ground and ricocheted before striking Taylor. A pistol was found on the prisoner, which had five barrels, one of them having been discharged, and being still warm. The others were all loaded with ball, but in one the ball had slipped between the chamber and the barrel, so as to prevent the revolution of the chambers or a second die. charge of the pistol, and in two of them there was no powder at all, while in the others there was a very small quantity of powder indeed. All the nipples, however, were capped, and the absence of a sufficiency of powder in the barrels, as well as the displacement of one of the bullets, was accounted for by the evidence of a gunsmith, who stated that the bullets were so small as to be loose in the barrels. Prisoner had bought a pistol shortly before from a pawnbroker, who she had wished should load it for her, but on his refusal to do so she bought it on a second occasion without his doing so. When it fell to Mr 'Whalley's lot to be cross-examined he was compelled to state that he was 59 years of age,a widower, and the father of five daughters, of whom the eldest was 22 years old. Ho had bean many years in business and was in good circumstances. He said that she accosted him in the street, and led him into temptation, and not ho her ; and that from that circumstance, and from what she had told him, he knew at the time that she was an unfortunate, and yet he had unfortunatelyiyielded to her temptation. He did not tell her the first night that he would provide for her as long as she lived, but he did tell her afterwards that she should not want. Ho said that he did not regularly allow her money until after two years or more, but he visited and paid her each time he did so. Nevertheless he had experien ced a tendency towards reform within the first three months of the connexion, and had spoken of reform for both of them before she went to London, and he had given her a Church Service. He had nct a key of her door made for himself, and if he did give her an order upon Chubb's to have a lock and keys made it was for herself only, He knocked at the door, and when he went in he sometimes saw another going out at the back. He further stated that he had given her a letter of introduction to a place in London, and that she obtained a situation in the Gray's-inn Hotel, from which she got leave of absence to spend a few days in Manchester, but he entirely denied that she overstayed her time in consequence of his renewed connection with her. Subsequently he fitted up, first a shop, and then furnished lodgings for her, which had cost him considerable sums of money, and after that he had given her sums of money, until furniture bills of her's to a large amount were sent in to him last August, when he cut off further allowance altogether. The learned counsel for i he prisoner alluded to the interest his client's position created in the town, testifies to by the condition of the court, and said that a different complexion had been endeavoured to bo put upon the story to• day from what had ever been attempted before. Not in the deposi tions or on any previous occasion had the prosecutor hinted that the prisoner had been an "unfortunate" before he had reduced her to that position. Therefore he had cross-exa mined narrowly to that point, which would have some weight with the jury in dealing with his client's case. He then proceeded to deal very severely with the prosecutor's conduct in his connexion with this young girl—a man of his age► and position leading her into sin, yet with words of reform on his lips. With reference to the assistance given her, it was not so much as the prosecutor had stated, and he had finally left her destitute. As regarded the offence itself, the prisoner had merely intended to threaten Mr Whalley, and there was no evidence that she had pointed the pistol at him, or even that it was adequately loaded at all. At a late hour the jury acquitted the prisoner, and the verdict was received with loud cheers. Cyrus Travis was placed at the bar charged with endea vouring to poison his wife by administering to her a cake containing a quantity of antimony and seven bent pins. Mr Pope proseccuted ; the prisoner was undefended. The prisoner's wife, Ellen, was an inmate of the Prest wich Lunatic Asylum, and on May 12 he paid her a visit there, and, treating - her apparently affectionately, left her some oranges and a cake, which was afterwards found to contain a quantity of tartarised antimony, and seven pins bent into the shape of a fishhook. The cake was bought by the prisoner, and upon him was found a quantity of anti mony, exactly corresponding with that in the cake. When he returned from the asylum he spoke with a neighbour of his wife's condition, saying that she was w orse a n d not likely to live long, although in point of fac t s h e w a s particularly well; and he also said that he should have to pay up some arrears of subscriptions to a burial societ y , in order to entitle himself to a sum of S 5 65. upon her death, and that he meditated marrying again. The Judge having summed up, the jury found a verdict of guilty. Sentence deferred. to get another, and to say nothing about her loss to her step •father. From this time forward the prosecutor was constantly missing things from tho store, and at last deter mined to watch for the thief. On the night of Saturday, the 26th of March, therefore, instead of leaving the shop locked up till the following Monday, he got his step daughter to lock him in, and, going upstairs, opened the trap-door slightly, and waited patiently till half-past 10. About that time he heard the outer door open and acme ono go into the prisoner's part of the house. Immediately afterwards the lock of the store was opened, and the pri soner came in with a candle, and going to the till took some money out. The prosecutor then rushed down the ladder, exclaiming, " I've got you at last," The prisoner at first begged for mercy and pardon, but afterwards said the key had been put under her door by somo one, and, suspecting all was not right, she had gone into the store to see that everything was safe. She was convicted and sentenced to Dix months' imprison ment, with hard labour. Reformatory and Industrial Schools, Mr. Sydney Turner's seventh annual report states that at the close of the year 1863 there were in the 64 reformatories in Great Britain, nominally, 3,677 boys and 1,000 girls; but in fact 227 boys and 36 girls were out on license, 9 boys and four girls were in prison, and 85 boys and 14 girls had absconded and were not yet recovered, leaving actually in the schools 3,356 boys and 946 girls, of whom 618 boys and 263 girls were in Catholic reformatories. The total is not very much larger than in 1862, and there appears no reason to apprehend any material addition to the charges which the reformatory school system entails. The admissions in the year fell from 1,338 in 1862, to 1,209 in 1863, a diminution attri butable chiefly to increased caution and more careful inquiry into the circumstances of each case on the part of the committing magistrates. There are no signs of any serious increase in the amount of juve nile crime. The committals of juvenile offenders di• minished in Scotland in 1863, and in England in. creased only at about the same rate as the increase of population, and at less than half the rate of in crease of adult committals. With regard to the sue. cess of reformatory schools Mr Turner is able to report, in relation to England, that of the 1,423 Protestant boys discharged in the three years 1860- 62, 916 are known to be doing well, 114 are of doubt ful or indifferent character, 181 have been convicted of crime, 33 have died, the remaining 179 are un known, and probably half of them may be added to the number convicted, making that number 270, or one in every five discharged and still alive. Of the Catholic boys a much larger proportion are unknown; the re-convictions, on the same calculations as above, must have been above 38 per cent. A considerable proportion of this unfavourable result must be laid to the account of Mount St. Bernard's Reformatory, but Mr. Turner attributes it mainly to the want of a more independent vigorous tone in the discipline, and of more care and exertion n the arrangements for discharge. The returns for the girls' schools in England show, on the same calculation, a percentage of reconviction or relapse of about 19 per cent. among the Protestants, and about 18 per cent. among the Catholics. In Scotland the reformatories for boys give more favourable results, but the girls' schools are not so successful as in England. Mr. Turner is able to report that during the past year the internal working of the schoola has been gene rally very satisfactory. Of Mount St. Bernard's he continues to believe that the institution will finally overcome all the difficulties which beset it. He has still to state that more than half the admissions to reformatories are of children ho have not been previously convicted; that is to say, they have been sent without having the trial first made whether they could not be checked or turned from their criminal courses by an appropriate punishment without incurring the cost and responsibiiity of a long detention at the public expence. The average annual cost exceeds the Treasury allowance of £l5 125., and there is no prospect of reformatories ever becoming self.supporting by the labour of the inmates. Of the forty-seven certified industrial schools in Great Britain we learn that at the end of the year 1863 they contained 1,349 children ander detention—a great increase ;on 1862 ; but most of these schools have been too recently in operation to make it useful to analyze their expenditure at present. Of 153 children discharged from them in England up to the end of 1862, 81 are known to have done well, but there is a large num ber of " unknown." Mr. Turner is satisfied with the general condition of these schools. The pay ments from parents and parochial hoards amounted in the year to 11,150; in reformatories to £2,450. The retort notices with approbation the Catholic school for girls in Queen-square (St. Ar.argo.ret's Home), but Mr. Turner has to express his regret that so little is done by Protestants in using the In• dustrial Schools Act in London, with reference to the large number of young girls who are sent out to beg about the streets and crossings. It seems strange that with such powers as the Act gives, and such excellent schools as exist, the girls should be left to ripen into thieves or prostitutes from sicuple want of interference. The Volunteers, Yesterday the rifle ranges on Wimbledon-common were used for prize shooting. The competition was for the nume rous prizes of the Ist Surrey Rifles, which this year amount in value to nearly £4OO. The weather was all that could be desired, and the arrangements, which were conducted by a shooting committee composed of officers and members of the corps, were most satisfactory. The principal prizes are the Pollock Challenge Cup, value 50 guineas, the gift of Gen, Sir George Pollock, G.C.B„ K 5.1., hon, colonel of the corps. The let Surrey Challenge Cup, value 25 guineas, the gift of Lieut.-Col. Macdonald. The Ladies' Challenge Cup, value 25 guineas. The Kennington (No. 2) Company's Challenge Cup, value 30 guineas, open to all members who have attended 24 drills during the 12 months preceding the competition. The Newington (No. 7) Company's Chal lenge Cup, value 30 guineas, to be shot for by eight men from each company. The Honorary Members' Prize Cup, value 20 guineas, given by Mr F. Uoulton, 2,1.P.—.£21 for best score—£7 7s, added by the shooting committee. for second—X3 3s, ditto, for third. The competition yesterday was open only to efficient members of the corps. The shoot ing will be resumed and concluded on Wednesday. At the recent competition of the Eton College Rifles for the silver challenge medals and marksmen's badges, which came off in Windsor Great Park, the ranges being 650, 700, 800, and 900 yards, five shots at each, the following were declared the winners :—The Head Master's Challenge Medal, Captain R. Pierpont, 15 points—Mr Arkwright's Challenge Medal, Private T. Delap, 12 points—Ensign W. W. Wood, 12 points. The tie in the latter case was after wards shot off at 900 yards, when Private Delap was de clared the winner. The following also are entitled to marks men's badges :—Lieut. Willa; 11—Corporal Thompson, 7 —and Corporal Oswald, 7. The Staffordshire Rifle Association held its annual meet ing ter competition in riff shooting last week at Newcastle under-Lyne. For the Rifle Volunteer prizes, 2.5 in num ber and of the aggregate value of £145, there were 250. c mn petitors. Twenty-one of these prizes were divided into three equal portions and given for scores at 200, 500, and 600 yards respectively. The first prize at 200 yards was won by Private Smith, 11th Company, with a score of 17 ; the first prize at 500 yards by Corporal Parrish, 6th Company, who also scored 17, and the first prize at 6.0 yards, by Corporal Woodward, 20th Company, with the same score as the winners of the other prizes. Four prizes were offered for the highest aggregate scores at the three distances just named, and the first, £2O, was taken by Lieut, Morson, 325 company, who made 46 marks, and who also won the National Rifle Association bronze medal. The borough of Newcastle presented a cup of the value of 20 guineas to competition at 200, 300, and 500 yards. There were 84 com petitors, and Sergeant Nicholls, 10th company, won the cup, with a score of 48. He also took a prize of £2O, offered by the officers of the Stafford Battalion, for the best score at 200 and 500 yards, at which he made 34 hits and points. Mr Sneyd, of Keele Hall, gave £2O for the highest aggre gate score made at the competition just named; Lieut Mar son, 32d, was the winner. Two prizes offered by the asso ciation for competition to members of the Ist Staffordshire Artillery Volunteer Corps were shot for by 14 members, and won by Gunner Owen and Corpottl Bishop, who each, in the first place, scored 29. Four prizes given by the asso ciation were shot for by members of the Staffordshire militia regiments, at 200 and 400 yards, and the first was won by Sergeant Christie, 2d Regiment, who made 28 marks. There were 22 competitors. A sweepstakes of lOs each, with £lO added by the association, was shot for at 100 yards by 33 members of the Staffordshire Yeomanry force ; and the first prize was taken by Corporal Witton, of the Himlay troop) with a score of 13. The first All Corners' prize was won by Corporal Wright, Hanley, who scored 44, at 200, 500, and 600 yards. On Tuesday evening the officers of the Ist battalion of Staffordshire Rifle Volunteers gave a banquet to the Earl of Lichfield, tho Lord Lieutenant of the county. On Saturday afternoon a grand volunteer sham fight took place on the grounds of Major Graham of Capellie, near Crofthead, eight miles from Glasgow. Col. M`Murdo, Inspector-General of Volunteers, was in command. Shortly before 3 o'clock the troops defiled into their positions, and the arrangements were finally completed for the fight. The attacking force was made up of the second brigade, under the command of Sir Michael Shaw Steveatt, M.P., the third brigade under Sir Archibald Islay Campbell, and the fourth brigade under Major M'Bain. The defending force, com posed of the first brigade (consisting of the Lanark Artil lery Volunteers, the 3d and 4th Lanark Rifles, and a de tachment of the 92d Highlanders, under the command of Col. Nugent) was posted on Duchielaw-hill (an eminence on the north of the field of operations), under cover of two small plantations of fir trees. The men were drawn up in lines of contiguous quarter-distance columns, an d had the 92d in reserve, towards the rear of th e cen t re . Th e force de fending Duchielaw was protected i n f ron t by t wo howitzers, placed on commanding ground at the corner of the wood, and two 9-pounders, planted on the brow of the slope, in front of the centre of the position. The attacking force, consisting of the Ist, 2d, and 3d battalions of the Renfrew Rifles, the Ist, 2d, and 4th administrative battalions of the Lanark Rifles, and the sth, 19th, and 25th Lanark Rifles was divided into two divisions, and took ground in the hollows lying on either side of a small wooded elevation known as Game-hill, which fronted the declivity of Duchies law, on which the guns of the defending force were visible. The battle ended, Colonel M'Murdo, attended by Colonel Young, Assistant-Inspector of Volunteers, Colonel Dun des, Colonel Jones, Colonel Brougham, and Major Walker took up their position below the Union Jack, which indi cated the saluting point ; and the marching past com menced. This evolution took place upon a level field to the west of Game-hill, and formed one of the most interesting parts of the days proceedings. The artillery came first, followed by the 92d Highlanders and the engineers, and the riflemen came next, their: many-coloured uniforms affording interesting topics of conversation to the onlookers, Among the companies that moved past the flag staff, the 925 Highlanders bore the palm for picturesqueness of dress end steadiness of movement, and the precision with which they wheeled elicited admiring cheers from all present. When the last company had defiled past Colonel M'Murdo asked the volunteers to give the 92d Highlanders three cheers as they crossed their front, and this request was heartily responded to. In his address to the volunteers Colonel M'Murdo said the firing had been exceedingly good, and when the nature of the ground was taken into account, the manner in which the force of 7,000 men made respec tively in two bodies six changes of front did them great credit„lt was with grea t sa ti s f act i on t h a t h e h a d c o m e there, for he observed a growing efficiency in the volunteers of Lanarkshise and Renfrewshiro. At the close of his Speech, three cbeers were given for Colonel Wl'sturdo, and the hoops left the ground. MIDLAND CIRCUIT.—Yous., Aug, I, - - - - - Mr Justice Keating sat at 9 o'clock, and tried the follow. ing case, being one of two for trial for offences committed in the city of York : John Foy was indicted for the wilful murder of Thomas Palfreman on the 21st of May. Mr Shepherd prosecuted ; Mr Menlo defended the pri soner, It appeared the prosecutor, a fine young man of 21, had been on the day in question to the Knavesmire, the race ground, with four or five of his backers, to fight a man from Newcastle, who, however, did not appear. The party re turned in triumph to York, and spent the afternoon in drinking at diff eren t p u bli c houses. About 8 o'clock they went into the Q ueen ' s H ea d, where the prisoner, an Irish man, was sitti ng w ith f ou r of his compatriots. Palfreman went up to th e t a bl e w h ere Foy was sitting, and, putti ng down a shilli ng , o ff ere d to fight any man in the c ompany. Foy put do wn ano th er s hilling, and they began to fight. The fight soon became general, until Palfreman drew back crying out that he was stabbed. Thedoors were immediately locked and a surgeon sent for. The surgeon examined Palfreman, and found two wounds evidently caused by a knife —one in the abdomen and the other in the side, pierc ing the liver. The wounded man lingered about 40 hours and then died. when some ono asked who had done the deed, the prisoner charged another man named Denny, who, however, was not near the deceased at the time, with hay ing stabbed him. Next morning the house was searched, and a large pocket knife with a spring back, covered with blood, was found behind one of the settles. It was proved tUt the prisoner had been frequently seen to use a similar knife. of manslaughter, an d --- T1; jury found him guilty The His Lordship, after touching upon the atrocity of the offence, as displayed in the repetition of the blow, the deadly character of the wounds, and the false charge made against an innocent person, sentenced the prisoner to penal servitude for 20 years. CROWN" COURT. (Before Mr ;:ustice Blackburn.) Elizabeth Harding, a very respectable-lookingcld woman, was indicted for a burglary committed under somewhat peculiar circumstances. Mr Campbell Foster prosecuted, and Mr Shepherd de fended the prisoner. The prisoner is the owner of a house at Pickering, half of which she occupied herself, selling confectionery therein, and half she let to the prosecutor, William Holliday, who kept a bacon and lima store. Each had a key of the outer door, and used the passage in common, Holliday having a separate key of his shop, and obtaining access to the rooms above it by means of a ladder and trap-door. Early in March the prosecutor's step-daughter lost the key of the store, and spoke to the prisoner about it, who _Wised her SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, TIMES.—At length the German war against Den mark, which has so long engaged the attention of the world, has come to an end. At the third meet ing of the Conference at Vienna Denmark made a full concession of all that had been demanded of her, and M. von Quaade, having received the necessary instructions, agreed to sign the preliminaries of peace. A three months' armistice has been accepted, and King Christian has promised to cede the Duchies of Schleswig, Holstein, and Lauenburg, with the appertaining islands, and will retain a diminished territory with a million and a half of inhabitants, burdened by the expenses of war or exhausted by the ravages of the enemy. Although it has been long apparent that the war could have no other termination, yet now that the filial catastrophe has occurred it is impossible to hear of it without sympathy and regret. A people admitted by all intelligent observers to be among the most esti. mable in Europe, have seen their territory invaded, their overmatched armies defeated, their home steads occupied by the enemy, and their wealth both in money and kind wrung from them by piti less military commanders. The provinces which had been united to their country for four centuries, and the possession of which had been approved by every European State 12 years ago, have been severed from it for ever; the best harbour of the Baltic is no longer theirs; a large number of their country men, Danes in race and language, are included within the limits of the conquered Ducbies, and must in no long time suffer all that denationalisa tion which was the chief grievance of the Germans in the same provinces before the war. It is of little use in an hour of such evil fortune to deal in the commonplaces of consolation. The calamity which the Danes have undergone is the greatest that can fall on a State. A lose of territory as the conse quence of unsuccessful war, which not only lowers the reputation of a country, but cripples its finances for years, is a misfortune beyond any that a people can be called upon to bear with resignation. Poli• tical standing, military honour, population, wealth, national Security, are all impaired together. It must be with feelings almost of despair that the race which has for so long maintained its country as an independent and respected State can see it limited to two narrow islands and the overrun province of Jutland. The mortification of recognising German superiority is a less evil than the apprehension which the manifest power of Germany to repeat the invasion must inspire. Yet even now it may be said that the position of Danmark is not hopeless. There is com fort to be extracted even from defeat and disruption. After all, though the peace has been imposed on the Danes by a victerious enemy, it is still a peace. The strain of war will cease, the men and money which have been hitherto devoted to resisting the Germans will find other employments. What is left of Den mark may in a few years become a prosperous and contented kingdom. The happiness of nations does not depend on their importance ; it is, indeed, often in an inverse ratio to their magnitude in their neighbours' eyes and their own. Small States need keep up only a small army, and no navy at all. If Denmark be reduced to the rank of Hanover, or the late Dachy of Tuscany, the Danes may be all the more fortunate in being able to imitate the more moderate establishments of minor States ; and, when the first bitterness of conquest is past, they may even be able to console themselves for the loss of the Duchies. Denmark will not be the first State that has been benefited by losing un• willing subjects. England never made such ad vances es after the loss of the American colonies ; Austria has already gained by the cession of Lom bardy and her enforced noueinterference in the rest of Italy ; she would gain more largely still by the cession of Venetia. If it he now abundantly mani fest that the people of the Duchies, whether rightly or wrongly desired separation from Denmark, and that the retention of them subjected the kingdom to continued danger of war, it may prove a blessing that they are gone at last. Certainly for the last twenty years the Danish people have had an enemy within their own nominal territory who has taxed their national resources to the utmost. They fought the Schleswig-liolsteiners and conquered them in 1851, but it was at a great cost, both in actual out lay at the time and in the necessity for keeping up oppressive armaments in order to prevent another rising. If the expenses which the possession of the Duchies has brought on the Danish people be com pared with the revenue contributed by them to the common Treasury, perhaps it may be found that the connexion was not so profitable as to make the present events a cause for complete de spondency. It is more the manner in which the Duchies have been lost then the loss itself which is the real affliction the Danes have to bear. If we turn to Germany, we do not find such a tone of rejoicing as so great a victory should pro duce. The nation, headed by such patriots as the Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Baron Beust, have now, seemingly, accomplished all their objects. They have freed Schleswig and Holstein—that is, they have broken the connexion between them and Den mark. These Duchies are now German soil ; Kiel will be a German port, Rendsburg probably a Ger man fortress. The dream of a generation has been realised, and with the happy accompaniment of unwonted military glory, And yet from north to south the Germans are grumbling or storming against those who have done their work. Never has there been so ill a feeling against Prussia as now that Denmark has surrendered at discretion, and every printshop in German is full of the glorious victory of Duppel. In Hanover, in Saxony, in Bavaria, the press is railing against Berlin, and taunting the Austrian Emperor and Count Rechberg with unworthy concessions. The affair at Rep dsburg indicates the relations between King William's Government and the minor States. There was no thing in the matter which would have given any political trouble, if it had not been for the soreness which already existed. On the 17th a quarrel began in a dancing-house between some Prussian soldiers on one side and some Saxons and Hanoverians on the other. The next day there was a fight between the respective parties, and the ill feeling increasing, General Von Hake, commanding the Federal forces, telegraphed the news to Berlin, whereupon, very unexpectedly to this officer, Prince Frederick Charles of Prussia ordered General Von Goben to occupy the town, and informed General Von Hake that this was done by special order from Berlin. "General Von Goben," said the Prince, " will present himself before Rendsburg at neon upon the 21st with 6,000 men and two batteries, in readiness to undertake the occupation of the posts." Von Hake protested against this very cavalier proceeding. but declared that he should " for the present withdraw the troops from Rendsburg to avoid a conflict." This is the occurrence which has set Germany in a flame. The people of the minor States are furious at hearing that the Federal Commander and his garrison were ordered out of the town by a Prussian General, and the decree enforced by 6,000 Prussians. The Princes share the indignation of their subjects ; the Frankfort Diet is appalled at the want of respect shown to its deputy ; even the Emperor of Austria has been obliged by the re clamations of the minor States and the discontent of his own subjects to ask explanations of M. von Bismark. It is said that an apology has been offered for this high-handed proceeding, but that the minor states are not satisfied and will accept nothing less than the restoration of the town to Federal troops. In all this it is easy to perceive a deeply-rooted jealousy of Prussia, and a conviction that this Renasburg affair is only one of a long series of assumptions the end and object of which are the incorporation of the Duchies with Prussia itself. Such is the temper of the Germans now that a serious difference between the Confederation and Prussia is an event not beyond the bounds of pos sibility. The policy of M. von Bismark has filled his allies with suspicion. The desire of the Prussian Government is to reimburse Austria for her outlay in the war, and to keep its own troops in Schleswig until the expenses, estimated at 20,000,000 thalers, have been paid out of the surplus revenue of the Duchy, which is to be collected by Prussian officials. This, cf course, is thought to mean that the Prussians should occupy Schleswig as long as they like, or until it is convenient for them to de clare its annexation to their own country, for the payment of such a sum by the impoverished Duchy is out of the question. Hence, day after day, the bitterness between the German spoilers increases, and probably they will no sooner be at peace with Denmark than their mutual animosities may give rise to new difficulties. This country will, we trust, not commit the error of again interfering in these disputes; but we may well look with satisfaction on our endeavours to restore an equitable peace when we find these provinces, the freedom of which was the ostensible purpose of the war, still occupied by troops and compelled to maintain them until heavy , war debts are liquidated ; when we see the easy Go vernment of Denmark replaced by a military ad ministration ; and when, moreover, it appears that the nation which has treated a neighbour with this violence is almost tempted to turn its army against itself in civil strife. HERALD.—The virtues of benevolence and gene rosity have, like most other virtues, numerous counterfeits afloat, which pass current with the majority of mankind who do not reason very deeply on the phenomena brought beneath their notice. As sheer stupidity is sometimes mistaken for har dihood, so the conduct which arises from weakness or incapacity is not seldom confounded with real liberality of mind. To give away our goods, sur render our rights, or abstain from enforcing obli gations, may sometimes be the marks of greatness, but are oftner the fruits of imbecility. Mr. Windham, no doubt, had the credit of being an "open-handed gentleman" with a large class of his associates, and, when he has nothing better to con■ sole himself with, may fall back upon this remi niscence. The Ministers of this great country seem just now very much inclined to seek comfort from a similar source. To abandon treaties rather than face the difficulty of supporting them; to cede de pendencies rather than take the trouble of main taining them ; and to calmly look on while com pacts which this country guaranteed are trampled under foot before their eyes, are now represented as so many consummate strokes of policy and as so many marks of magnanimity. The cession of the lonian Islands may or may not have been a neces sary or a prudent step. But we cannot see that there is anything in it to be proud of. The feeblest as well as the greatest political genius could equally have done that. The same reflection occurs to one after reading Lord Pahnerston's reply to Mr Taylor relating to the Danubian Principalities. Her Majesty's Government congratulates itself on the success whico has attended its mediation between the Porte and the Prince of Moldo-Wallachia, Prince Couza. The Principalities are a little further off than Schleswig-Holstein, and Prince Colas, is a somewhat inferior potentate to the King of Prussia. But in other respects there is a curious resemblance between the two cases. As long ago as 1858, when the provinces of Moldavia and Wallachia were constituted into one principality under their present ruler, then an obscure colonel of militia, and elevated to that high rank as a compromise between the more powerful boyards, a constitu tional form of government was established in those countries with the assent of the Sultan, and under the joint guarantee of the Great Powers of Europe. By the terms of this constitution the possession of political power was ensured to those classes who alone represent the property and intelligence of the country. In Moldo-Wallachia there is no middle class. There is nothing between the boyards or landowners and the peasantry, unless, perhaps, it is a very small class of literary and professional men, who, however, belong to and sympathise with, the former. The boyards are a remarkably intelligent and cultivated race of men. The peasantry, un happily, are probably the most ignorant and un. civilised in Europe. Such being the state of the case, Prince Couza, only following out the universal instinct of despotism, which necessarily feels uneasy in the presence of intelligent criticism sanctioned by constitutional authority, resolved if he could to get rid of the existing reptile, and substitute for it a system with a much larger infusion of democracy. To this end he proposed to the Repres en t a ti ve Chamber two laws, the one having for its object the establishment of universal suffrage, the other an agrarian law aiming at a redistribution of landed property on principles almost communistic. The Chamber, with a liberality which cannot be too highly praised, did not refuse to take into consider ation the propriety of some reform in the existing state of the law ; but did positiv e ly re f use to pass Prince Couza a measures in their or i g i na l s h ape , a mounting as they did to the ele va ti on o f i gnorance o ver intelligence in the Government, and to the virtual confiscation of half th e l an d e d proper t y i n the co untry. Meetieg with this check Prince Couza had three courses open to him consistent with law and good faith. He might have changed his Ministers, an d submitted a less sweeping measure to the As sembly. He might have dissolved the Assembly and called a new one, by way of testing the opinion of the country. Or if he felt that neither of these courses would be effective, he mie•ht have appealed to the Sultan and the Great Powers t o revise the constitution of 1858, an d b r i ng it more into har mony with the wants and wishes of the people. For such appeal copious provision had been made . in the articles o f t h e or i g i na l constitution. But Prince Couza did none of these things. Fired with noble e mulation he resolved upon a coup d'etat. He appealed from the Representative Assembly to the whole people; and of course secured, by means of a plebiscite, an immense majority of the peasants who were to benefit so largely by the change. He then demanded of the Great Powers who forraea the Convention of 1858 to recog nise the result of this manoeuvre as the new constitution of the Prin a cipalities. Of the illegality, the criminality, air the insolence of this design there cannot, of courf , e , be two opinions. Of its impolicy our readers inti judge for themselves when we tell them that ° l3e °lv led the articles in the new electoral law pro. 'n by this sagacious Prince enacted that no on e sb oal i n be eligible to sit in the Representative /Vise 11 ° 5 ; who could not read and write. The first imp? -Ils e e s the Porte naturally was to put down this and acioud mimic, to recall him to a sense of his positioe tinn to compel him to observe the obligations to ' ig tl ; he stood pledged. Gradually, however, it wa lendse covered that Prince Couza had powerful fi to "in another place," whom it would be diav , 0 enlist against him, though themselves parties, to tu agreement what he had trodden und er foot. Ens r ; land, hoWever, was actuated by no such or rz r e o se pensee. She had no interests in the E ast t hero beyond those of truth and justice. Sh e mig Qevo 5s been relied upon to stand by the Conventi on c f and the Treaty of 1856, in which the Porte 105 ,d deeply interested. But no; England abaii don% her policy, consented to deal with Prince Co as with one who had a right of negociation, in s; ' 36 t he having forfeited his entire political status Wit h an d destruction of the constitution which created ,its accepted, forsooth, with modifications, the 1 1 se ,. e. of this lawless act which set Europe a t de fi 313 ; er Now, it may be that England had n° g ot alternative ; that her Government be itself into such relations with the En r i e 'r o jf Powers that independent action was impossit i "lon so, we must blame, of course, rather the cauo t t is the effect. But we do Bay this, that the e l e f e ale nothing to boast of. It is no feather in 1 ,0 r" do. merston's cap to have assisted at this furthor t his gradation of the public law of Europe ; 11 , 1 , o ,t further discomfiture of the policy of Bog ; er e this further desertion of an ally whom w e 7, 1,1, bound in honour to support. He may say be c not help it. But for. Great Britain to be thus, con not t tinually " looking as if she could not help it, very gratifying to those lovers of their countri. whom her honour, her dignity, and her renown still dear. The " modifications" under whicbrof new constitution is now to take effect are, as - 13 fit ters of detail, neither few nor nnimportell'• h they leave the principle of the revolution unt00°11; tie and they entirely condone the illegal violence r r i, er Prince. A large infusion of democracy, fa r 3 , 1 than the intelligence of the Moldo-W a llachis ° r ii ( t santry can justify, has been infused into the Ceubel tution, and with that, of course, a stimulus lle!.„1, is given to the cry of Sclavonian nationality, Nv"l°'' the one political element most dangerous t 00 . peace and prosperity of Eastern Europe. Th e b e e n tempt into which treaty obligations hav e r y, brought in the eyes of these half-eivilise d e 0"," 030 ities is another most deplorable result o f , o ido transactions. If one convention is to be se' s with such ease and impunity by the resoi ce t bet; single individual, why not another and 0110 `, and how can such stipulations be any I ° l3 g'; garded as securities against perpetual chuog;' all termittent anarchy, and the stagnation () ,"; r e ns internal industry, which such a state of t "' - engenders P COUNTRY MARKETS. „ COLCHESTER—JrLY 30. or a 0 11°. At this corn exchange to-day there was a F oci l' o°. wheat, which sold slowly at is per qr below torule Spring corn unchanged, with a small supply 3 3 3 3t 2 ; Wheat, white. 46s 52s Beans,lslazagal l ••3sg red 43s 49s middle & :3E d S 30 Barley —s —s Peas, white ..... 360 Oats GLOUCESTER—JULY 30. There was a fair attendance of farmers at WOO- 0 , lei.; with a liberal supply of English wheat, which wasijolitrA at the prices of last week. Foreign wheat in vell ro firDif demand, with no alteration in value. SPr ill g e° but a small business. NOR THAMPTON 30. q t A fair show of wheat to-day and JrLY a decline of 18 1 1 ; w adi took place. Not much barley showing, t.nd wit h a r y ,110 1 demand, last week's rates were realised. Oato 17, 0 11er s. A fair business doing in beans at rates in favour to 465 ' —White wheat, new, 42s to 46s ; new red, 41 1 old. 40s to 45s per qr. Barley, new malting, 345 4 3 010' grinding, 26s to 32s per qr. Oats, 19s to 30s per .4 Beans, 35s to 38s. Peas, 35s to 37s per qr. CHELMSFORD—JULY 29. par l ' eV We had a larger show of wheat on off er at our 7,000 to-day, but the trade was dull at about is per l a te r on last week's quotations. Spring corn firm t but not much doing. Wheat, old white 30s 46s new 43s 47s old red 34s 37s new 36s 40s Barley ..25s 33s Chevalier 26s 36s Grinding 20s 2Ss Malt. 6ls 67s Chevalier 6ls 6Ss Oats 20s 26s 3 54 Yeas Partridp,e • ... 3 6 s ~As White .......... 30s 0 Boiling . ...... 3 85 : pi Dun ....... 313 Ditto new ..... 09 Beans, Tick, old ......09 new. 56s Harrow Ticks ..343 „.„0 hlazagan .......2S KIRKCALDY GRAIN—JULY 30. rlO4 We had large supplies of wheat and oats at : 113f ' but only one sample of barley. Sales slow. Prices fo r ; Gd and wheat Is down. Prices were about the 0 113 last week for barley. Wheat. Barley. Oats. Od —0 Od I ISs Od Second ..3s Od —s Od 19s Od Third.. „40s Od I—o Od 20s Gd COAL M. Frtoes of Coal per Ton at LRKET. the close of the mat"' s. d. Buddle'sWest Hartley 17 9 Hastings Hartley l7 9 Holywell 15 3 Eden Main l7 6 Cowpen Hartley 17 9 East a a r a t w l e ll e pi Wa lls r t c; ;l a :: 1 1 : 3 98 8 ,10 9 C:$‘ Ke110e.......••• • • ' South Kelloe ......... .18 ' 6 Heugh ......... ...11 0 KeiperGrange ....... ..1 9 0 Hetton ............ South Hetton ..... 41; 501d,.35. Walls End. Braddyll's Hetton Tunstall .... Hatton 37 0 Ships at market Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. 0 . 16 Ala o' 1.7. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton... ... ' Ali * ''' via Marseills ......... ---- - A P q Brazil and Cape Verds, by British p acket. ....... - A. : f• Cape of Good Hope, Ascension , and St. Helella"-s. 4 :,, China, Penang, and Singapor ©, v i a SouthaulPt°l3-AA Au. - A' via Marseill es •• • Falkland Islands • • ......... .Lib ~ . . 2. .. A: Gibraltar, via Southampton ................ . 1i ...A-ag ..2 / India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southall: l P ° Aug' j o, via Marseilles"' Aug' 4. India (Bombay), via Southampton ........... . . Aug' 4 via Marseilles .............. . Aug' /. Portugal.... ........................... •• . A ug a. Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via . S.outhampton ...... mg. f,' . via Marseilles ....... . . u s. 0 Newfoundland .......................... .• J '' .. Oporto and Vigo .. ................... .• A ue , ;) U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet... •A ' 0 , by U.S. packet.. • . • 10 4. by C an adian packe t YR' All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, J Atig• California. and British C01umbia............ LADYERTISEMENT.]—HoIIoway's Ointment al l . 11 O t " Hearty and Healthy.—The experience of thous + a Pill': at home and abroad, has amply demonstrate d 14:1:1; f li f et e i possessed by these healing moving cutaneous eruptions, repairing ulcerations or removing fistulas and abscesses. These hidden 046 o of and puefying remedies °-01c1 quently rob life of every comfort through the reluctanc 00 the sufferer to expose his infirmity. Holloways °i,tilitiO supersedes such dreaded publicity by placing svit44.-itV reach of all plain instructions for curing themselves 11 f m ,g out any danger, and withou t the necessity of mentiowo their malady to any one. The Ointment and Pil o of lik ew ise cure those blem ishes which arise from the As other deleterious drugs. 1 , 0 111 ~oquare., Births. BUSHRY.—On the 31st ult., at 40, Chester , Frances Bushby, of a son. h he 164" Burr.—On the 30th ult., at Upton-park, Sloug-,',t. th of Colonel Butt, 79th Highlanders, of a daugll' e ' re TREMAYNE.—On the 31st ult., at 48, Eaton-0111i" Hon.rs. Tremaye, of daughter. 0, et WRAY.— M On the 31st n July, at 2, Queen's -glue-PI wife of Major Wray, of a son. Marriages. e, Po of BOYD-43VA.1/CLERK.—On the Ist inst., at Pax - d cooly Knightsbridge, the Rev. Frederick Boyd, seentl,,,,. the late Sir John Boyd, Bart., to Katharine pittf3'l,sty child of Henry Wm. Beauclerk, Esq., and th e cut Katharine Francis Beauclerk. it ClOrki LEWIS—DITRANT. —On tho 30th ,at Trill , w j e ts Paddington, Commander T. E. Lewis, 1 1 _,-;,.0 0 " to Elizabeth, only daughter of the late ALsJ°'' Durant, R.N.atDeaths. c D o n cL u aE c ps E t...... .— TO. O nc n .thß t e h r i octe 3 h, oth ult., at Dover, Adi l l daughter 4 J. Cole °. Varwiek John Clarke, " Esq., aged 56. hi r ' ~ Sea, i i, don, John j e o n h d n ers G o . n ll , CL I AUKE..--On the 29th ultat St. L arcrE/4-- gars e ~ o rt f t Kentish-town, u,: o I vo * t. aged 38. HENDERSON.—On the 27th ult., at SouthatoPt°ll/ I'l • e at. HOUSTOUN.— On the 27th ult., at the 11511 ton 11(3°1' yon' A. Esq., loo' • F. SOLTAU._O n the 30th ultat Plymouth, ~ • WHITE. —On the 31st ult., at 101. ~ To of M. 8., aged 51. Glasgow. solo' lace, - ° man-squar©, John Charles White,° El°Bllqc,e,Batgeral'!„,9. _.........—_--- 1...o.w, r•W•m• ••.•••••••.••••• ••••••••••••••• jot S. / 13 ; Lon of No. llndonZed and I'Tb:failed by ViTILLIAg pfo. 12, Strand, Printer, at TAE SUN the OWC'econty 18 Strand, in the Precinct o f the s av oy, n Alithtlwscx.—Tuesday, Auvst 0. , A