The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-22 00:00:00

SIR ROUNDELL PALMER, Q•C• and La Vie de Cesar par L. Napoleon—Fashionable Latell: Bence —in FUI this week. One Penny. • ALFRED MELT,ON'S PROMENADE CON CERTS, Royal Italian Opera, Covent-garden, EVERY; ZVENIN(;, at Eight o'clock:. 3ldlle. CARLOTTA PATTI every evening. Band of 100 performers. On Monday next, M. Lotto, the celebrated Polish Violinist., will make his first appearance. On 'l'uesday next, a Grand Selection from Cionnod's Opera FAUST will be performed, for the first time. On Thursday next, a Beethoven Night. Admission, One Shilling. 'ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE Lessee, Mr. George Vining Under the Management nt Mr. Walter Montr'ornery. TEI IS EVENING, THE MERCHANT OF VENICE an. NOT A BAD JUDGE. Shylock and Lasater, Mr. Waltei Montgomery.. itc E THEATRE-RC) YAL, ADELPHI.-. solo Proorwtor and Manafror. 117. R. Webster. THIS EVENING, THE IRISH TIGER. After which. at Eight r , 'clock, a new drama, entitled THE .FTATTNTED MAN; OR, 1.. E GHOSrS t3ARGAIN, in which will be exhibited Professor Pew - pees adaotat!on of 'he Great Spectral Illusion. Messrs. J. L. Toole, It. PhElips„ efton C. J. Smith; Mrs. Alfred Mellon and Miss IT. Simms.. Followed by a new Burlesque, entailed ILL-TREATED. Ir, TROvAToitE. 31(ssrs. Toole. P. Bedford, R. Phillips,. lEburne, C. J. Smith, Romer; the Sisters Nelson, Carry and. Sar 1, and Miss K. Kelly. Commence at 7. ROYAL STRAND THEATRE ManagTer, Mr. W. H. Swanboroug,h. THIS EVENING, II IS FIRST CHAMPAGNE. Mr., Leigh Murray. Followed by (30th time) THE MOTTO, "I'M ALL THERE." Messrs. Honey, Turner, E. Danvers, Collier, Citton ; Mesdames Ada Swanborough, F. Josephs, Maria. Simpson, Wallace, ana Jenny White. To conclude with TURN HIM our. Mr. Turner, Misa Thome. Commence at 7. trHE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN," Containing the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, Can be had Every Evening of G. R. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tgis DAM—Morning, Oh. 40m.—Afternoon, 7h. sm. To-iewitßow.-Morning, 7h. 30m.—Afternoon, 85. 5m.. ~_ The Weather—Sun Office, Aug. 22, 1863. TIIERIktOMETER. This morning . This day at Two o'clock _ Barometer-30.02. Wind—N.-W. ; light, and cloudy. 1 4 7 Z'S5 )0111110 44 SUM LONDON, SATURDAY, AUGUST 22, 1863. Venerable from their very position, for their learning, for their character, the Judges of ELT land are amongst the most hardworked of our public functionaries. Receiving each a salary of less than £4,000 per annum, they toil more labo riously than the unprofessional community have any notion of—any notion even faintly approximating to the reality. The popular ignorance as to this exc ess of labour systematically shouldered on to the venerable judges of the land, is in some mea sure attributable, of course, to the fact that a very considerable part of it is got through in pri vate, in chambers, over desks and across tables, in writing, or dictation, and in viva voce examina tions. Bat, even then—the enormous pressure of hard work done in public, in open court, in session, at assize, and that, too, hard work of the most com plicated character, work terribly continuous and long sustained, work weighted with the most fear ful responsibility—all this, at least, is glaringly manifest to the public at large ; there is surely none amongst uq, not even the least observant, but is, in some degree, conscious of it ! Insomuch has this excessive overtasking of her MAJESTY'S judges become apparent, even to the extent of unprofes sional notoriety, that there has been a talk for some few years past, as to th e necessity of increasing the number of these revered and honoured administra tors of justice. Increased in number they must be eventually. The only questions remaining now to bo decided, before that increase is accomplished, being, first of all, as to its extent, and next as to the time advisable in which that increase shall be definitively decided upon. Another conside ration, however, as to the excessive hard work done by the judges has not yet been alluded to—meaning by this, the exquisitely painful and, but toe often, absolutely loathsome and appalling character of the toil they have carefully, minutely, and in all its filthiest details to get through. Crimes of hideous atrocity, vices of despicable meanness, abominations at the mere thought of which even the most hardened felon might be expected to shudder in his conscience, have, when brought into court before the judges, as matter for investigation, there, upon trial, to be investigated, and that not by any means in a superficial manner, but with a painful scrupulosity as to the minutire of the evidence in every particular, in every circumstance. As distressing an illustration as any that could by possibility be adduced, in testimony of the heart sickening character of the hard work requiring thus to be got through within a single day, before one of her MAJESTY'S judges—we would direct attention to the extent and nature of the grim hard work done only yesterday in the Central Criminal Court before Mr. Justice KEAT ING. Conspicuous among even the venerable brotherhood of the Bench, by his personal charac teristics as a virtuous and accomplished Christian gentleman, Sir HENRY 14:EATING had yesterday, in the discharge of his solemn duties, to pass through ' distressing an ordeal as we could imagine it venld have been possible to contrive, by way of tor hire, thus, to a pure and gentle heart, to a re fl Elea and chivalrous nature, and all the m° " 5 0 , to a man more than usually en "'wed Rith tem perament, an exquisite sensibility of It will be sufficient here simply to cri er e t e brought ry briefly beforethe nature of the crimes 11:a trial fo ve fur yesterday in the Old Court, KEATING. First of all, there was a charge...ora Y too clearly b roug ht h ome t o the accused b oor e the trial was done—a charge of rape of singular a n d al aful atrocity, b ecause per petrated in the midst t the poor victi m ' s c hild ren . The victim herself being manifestly as innocent, b in regard to this oeee 'tence, as any on e o f the little children Y her side.. After this miserable case had been dis __ se _ its immediately followed one f ar naore 7 d famous in of, there a trocity—one of those dreadful crimes, 1° famous frequent in their perpetration Of late so where little prattling innocents are icrimes dishonoured, u n herpiiy yesterday, in the lamentable ; -rist before HENRY • KEATING, the fact o f the tender age of the little victim rendered the child's own evidence inadmissible —necessitating a verdict at not guilty" from the jury, though the j u d ge followed up the delivery of that ver di ct by reminding the prisoner that he had merely escaped conviction in consequence of the circumstance that the child, in point of law, was not capable of being examined. But, added the learned judge, it was impossible fcr any one who had heard the evidence not to entertain the strongest suspicion that the prisoner was guilty of the offence with which he had bcen charged! Afterwards cane, successively, two cases of man slaughter, one by .a young woman of twenty-four, the other by a young man of twenty-two, both crimes being clearly proved against the accused re spectively, the former being condemned to eight and the latter to twolve months' imprisonment, each with hard labour. Stich bring the tkin,gh of j vice and criminality yesterday required to be tra versed by the judr, in the discharge of his judicial duties at the Central Criminal Court—a day's labour at that court which we have here adduced simply by way of illustration. It is impossible to imagine anything more dread ful in its way than the detai given of vivisection as at present pursued at Paris. The constant prac tice of such operations renders the indifferent callous, and makes the unwilling accustomed to sights and sounds of horror that seem scarcely credible. The French Academy of Medicine have now taken up the subject, apropos to a report sent to the Government, which is a step in the right direction; Such atrocities must be put a stop to. No enlightened statesmen and no humane nation can tolerate their perpetuation. The French papers have, to their honour, taken up the subject, and they will doubtless succeed eventually in their praiseworthy undertaking. In the meantime it is necessary that the sad details should be made as public as possible, in order that every available in terest and influence be enlisted to aid the good work of putting a summary stop to such proceedings. All dogs are sacrificed that these experimentalists can lay their hands upon, and one informant states that a short time since some very valuable sporting dogs fell a prey to these barbarities. To add to the horrors of the affair the School of Medicine is situated in the same square as the Hospital des Cliniques, and it may be imagined what a martyr. dom the poor patients undergo. When a dog is not killed by one operation he is put back in the kennel in his agony to await further torture. " There the unhappy creatures, already torn by the scalpel, howl until the next day in tones rendered hoarse and faint by another previous operation intended to deprive them of voice." It is not surprising to hear that one woman, who was very ill, hurried away in the night, unable to endure the horror of the mournful sounds any longer, and that veteran nurses relinquish th e i r emp l oyment. In proof of the veracity of this astounding statement, a letter is quoted, addressed to M. HUSON, Director-General of Hospitals, written by an eminent medical prac titioner, in which the sufferings of the sick from their proximity to the tortured animals is com mented on. In this epistle the writer invokes the assistance of M. HUSON to aid in putting a stop to these proceedings, so inimical to the interests of the patients, and which militate so strongly against their recovery. " These dogs," he says, " cry and howl night and day, notwithstanding the preliminary operation performed on them with the view of ren dering theta mute. Will you, whose solicitude for the sick is so great, join your complaints to ours, in order that we may obtain from the competent authorities that henceforward no more dogs shall be taken to the Practical School ? Assuredly it will not be said that, for the sanguinary and useless exhibitions of a course which serves only to expose the state of science, the repose of a whole hospital, and that of twenty neighbouring houses, is to be disturbed." For the sake of these unfortunate sick persons, it is to be hoped that a different arrange meat will be speedily come to, but for the sake of common decency, and for the credit of civilisation, it is necessary that the practice referred to be stopped at once and for ever. It cannot stand under the storm of indignant remonstrance which is sure to follow an exposition of facts. The general sen- timant of the nation is against it, and now that the authorities are taking up the matter, such facts will be brought to light as will be certain to lead to its final destruction. It is roally astonishing to notice how per sons will persist to palliate the practice of vivisec- tion. It is idle to talk of the necessity of pursuing 1 this course in the interests of science, it is an insult to a ❑oble profession to state that its fundamental principles are based on brutality and supp;rted by revolting atrocities. It is very easy to lay down arbitrary rules, but it is another thing to prove the truth of these assertions. No one has yet satisfac torily shown how putting these poor creatures to such excruciating tortures can at all facilitate the proper course of studies in which the members of the medical profession have to perfect themselves. The man who can sit by unmoNed while a lecture is delivered on a living animal put to dreadful suf ferings, for the purpose of imaginary investigations, is rendered unfit for his profession. Such sights must tend to demoralise, and it is false to assert that any knowledge could justify their exhibition. It would be well if, instead of arguing in a circle these advocates of barbarous torments, would take to heart a simple rule, the wisdom of which outweighs the dogmas of schools, and the tenets of sages, "It is not lawful to do evil that good may come of it." The consequence of this principle acted upon would be the extinction of a practice that is abhorent to the feelings of all humane persons, and in direct viola tion of the laws of the CREATOR, who gave the lower races for the use of man, and not for the abuse, to serve as instruments for his passions, his greed, or his vanity. In his wonderful composition of the " Ancient Mariner," COLERIDGE has touchingly illustrated a beautiful idea in these lines— "lie prayeth best who loveth best All things both great and small, For the great GOD who loveth us He made and loveth all." Most of us are acquainted with the expression of Cowl'Eß—" I would not enter on my list of friends the man who needlessly sets foot upon a worm, ,, and it would be well if more adopted the practice as well as subscribed to the theory. No great or g o o d qualities can co-exist with cruelty. The best and wisest men have ever been the most conside rate towards those dumb creatures who haveene general many claims upon our consideration, and in g so well repay our care. It is in direct antagonism with the laws of nature, so perfect in unison, so beautiful in symmetry, to set out with the asser tion that torture and cruelty that one shudders to hear of, are needful and right to discover the means of curing diseases and ministering to suffering humanity. In the "Negro's Complaint" he is made to say to his tormentors— " Prove that you have human feelings, Era you proudly question ours." And the same remark might be made when the conduct of the King of DAHOMEY is called to ac count. He, a barbarian, follows tho customs of his country, and doubtless would alter his ways had he half the knowledge that is showered on cur paths sittin g in the flood-light of them younger days of the world's improvements. The civilised cations exclaim. but 'while" v i v i sect i on " silenc e on this score woudlids cainet such b ar b ar i ty , suc h cruelty, and brutality; g b r e a etehse most s e fi d t c t i o n u g n t an n i e ( s i appropriate conduct. The French EMPEROR is all powerful in the influence which he exercises in the social 1 sca.e, an d it is to be trusted that he will lend his puissant aid, an d ace his mi g ht y ass i stance to the work n ow i n Land actor a or fearful practice. There is g r o u o til reason to think that putting a step . to thi s desir e for his 111 c j es t y h th a e s se a h lr o e p a t d s y wi e ll v n iz o c t e r drovsoeme 0 to becom e , quainted with the workings of the nefario y e a t : - e quality of mercy, we are told, i s rai l a ti a t : at the mighty , a nd be comes the throned monarchiest in better than his crown. It will, certainly, b , ! a - 00 , a to bestow on the people over whom he rules, w h o stand in the foremost plaa2, anl4;ng the civilised nations of the wor;3, to that U:' Mk() in their THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 2 . 28, 1363. E capital shall such abominations exist. The grati tude of all elevated minds will be his tribute in this noble undertaking, while the just rebuke admi nistered to the upholders of the system will be at once a warning to those of lesser consequence who follow the custom, and a reproach to all who tacitly uphold it. Some miy call it a trifle one way or the other ; but there is nothing so degrading to human nature as cruelty, and whatever tends to foster that growth must militate against its approach to its highest development, and produce most deleterious effects. There is no question that vast sources of wealth exist undiscovered or undeveloped in our colonies. Australia had been colonisl a good many years before the gold diggings attracted thither all wan dering soldiers of fortune, and affected the calcula tions of financiers and political economists all through the civilised world. It was not surprising that the same precious metal should be found to exist in the neighbouring colony of New Zealand so that a fresh interest is added to those islands and the continual war with the 'Modes is likely to lose its importance. The goldfields of Otago, however, are not the only gift of nature to New Zealand, in deed it may be questioned whether they aie the most valuable. A very interesting communication has just been made by a gentleman who was lately a resident in the colony respecting the native flax which grows in great abundance and perfection. This plant (Phornium Tenax) is, he tells us, to be found in almost every district growing in such luxuriance that thousands of acres of beautiful fibre are left to rot in the ground for want of cutting and gathering. If cut the plant will bear three fresh shoots in the year. It grows from six to twelve feet, and each acre of land may be calcu lated to produce from six to ten tons. This sur prising quantity of material is not of indifferent quality. The writer of the account in question, who has himself inspected the plant and studied its qualities, asserts that paper made from it is supe rior to any other; while he suggests that a large portion of it might be employed in the manufacture of cordage, sail-cloth, and similar fabrics. It is surely worth while for our manufacturers to ascer tain whether this abundant supply of raw material ready to hand cannot be turned to some account in giving employment to our idle mill hands, and in providing a substitute for cotton cloth, the dearness and scarcity of which is so generally deplored. It is not the first time that reference has been made to this plant, although no steps have as yet been taken towards profiiing by it; but the statement now given by a gentleman who took some pains to exa mine into the facts of the case, and to verify them by personal inspection is so clearand conclusive, that we should hope some experiment would be made before long. We are all acquainted with the valuable proper. ties of flax, and should the quality of this souther❑ plant at all equal the description given of it, it would certainly be a useful addition to our stock of raw material, even in times of prosperity, but in the present season of dearth it would be of inesti mable benefit. The mountain flax, which is of a much finer quality than that grown in the swampy lands, is more difficult of access, being out of the reach of water carriage, but its superior fibre ren ders it well worth obtaining, and this, the most expensive in its conveyance, could be, we are told, imported into England at a much less cost than Russian hemp, which it greatly exceeds in strength. It is surely desirable that some public spirited capi talist should inquire into this matter, and endeavour to open up a source of employment for thousands of his suffering countrymen, as well as to enrich the markets of his country by the introduction of a new and useful commodiay. It would require no great outlay to make the experiment, since neither tilling nor ploughing is required to test the value of the plant. The bountiful hand of nature has sown, it only remains for the enterprising man to reap her gifts, and ascertain what account he can best turn them to. " There is here," says the informant, "an abundance of good useful material, well fitted for maritime purposes growing to an unlimited extent, which only requires to be cut down into useful and valuable fibre without the cost of rent, taxes, manure, or even ploughing the land." It seems strange that in the long-continued depression of the cotton trade so little effort should have been made to obtain a substitute for the desired material even of a temporary nature. The same obstinate adherenoe to American cotton which induced our manufacturers and millowners to neglect every other souroe of supply in bygone days of plenty, appears to have actuated them since its deprivation, restricting their views and expectations to the reopening of the old ports. Yet we can hardly doubt that the opportune reminder of the large quantity of raw material " wasting its sweetness on the desert air" of New Zealand, will induce some energetic manufacturer to ascertain by practical experience of its qualities how far this Now Zealand flax is capable of filling the void, left by the suspension of American cotton and whether it will not serve at least as a tem porary resource to keep our mills going and our Lancashire population off the rates. Half a loaf is better than no bread; it is better to manufacture flax than for the mills to stand idle and the popula tion to go to the parish for support. It is better to work at paper making or rope making than to si idle, dependent on casual help in waiting f or th e resuscitation of the old trade, and certainly a good many persons of the less wealthy classes will think it preferable to obtain linen cheap than to bay calico dear. There may possibly be obstacles or _ .. drawbaoks in the way, but at all events the subject is worth inquiry. The colony is our own, and hi spite of the Maoris the investigation can be made with little cost or labour, and should it prove suc cessful it will be of the greatest practical service alike to the mother country and to the young and promising colony. BIIIMER AND L. E. L.—One of the latest biogra phers of the charming poetess, L. E. L., has recently remarked—" I wonder if that great novelist, whose least distinctions are that he is a baronet and a senator— Sir Edward Bulwer Lytton —ever looks backward on that marriage party, of which he formed a unit, when, on the 7th of June, 1838, he gave away Miss Landon at St. Mary's, Bryanstone-square, to Mr. Maclean. Doubtless it is to him one of those memories, both bright and yet tinged with sadness, which most of us have to look back to, and for which wo feel all the better if all the sadder." MADLLE. TIETJENS is now in Paris, and will make her debut at the Grand Opera before the end of the month in Valentina. BOTTESIINI, the well-known double bass player, is conductor of the orchestra at the Lyceum, Barcelona. TIIALBEEG and GODEFROND (harpist) have been very lately delighting the amateurs of Boulogne. COST OF VIEWING THE MAIN DRAINAGE Worxs.—Cbeques ;Lave been drawn by the Metro politan Board of Works to defray a portion of the expenses incurred by the late trip down the river, to view the outfall works at Crossness-point and Barking-creek, of the follow ing amounts :—Messrs. Robert Clark and Co., £216 ss. 6d.; Messrs. Ind, Coope, and Co., £4B 12s. ; and Mr. Charles Burgess, £75 155. 3d. Total, £350 124. 9d. The remain ing accounts stand over till the meeting of the finance coni wittee.—City Press. PROFESSOR RENAN'S LIFE OF JESUS.—On the first Saturday in September, there is to be com menced in _Public Opinion an epitome of Professor Renan's extraordinary work, " Vie de Jesus," which will be com piled from the French original, and contain vcrbatia trans lations of the most interesting passages, to be followed by synopses of tha various auswers which have appared is France i~ refutation cf the ainve production, THE CONGRESS AT MALINES. (FROM OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT.) MALINES, AUG. 20. There are a good many things worth noting in a Congress like the present besides what actually takes place in the hall of the meetings. For the gathering of three thousand strangers in such a town as Malines somewhat disturbs its wonted Flemish placidity. It is a fine old, town, and a clean one too; but its accommodation is restricted, and on the f rst days nearly the whole of those who had come up to take their tickets of admission had to disperse through the cluster of neighbouring towns, suoh as Brussels, Ghent, Louvain, Antwerp, &c. I put up with two companions at an hotel in Brussels; but we have now progressed, as well as congressed ; and, thanks to a Malines acquaint ance, we are settled is the city itself in a genuine Flemish inn, where the meals at the table d'hUte, round which cluster a whole band of congressmen, form delightful reunions of men of all countries, considerably amused at the process of being done Flemish. We arrived in Malines yesterday morning in time for the first morning seance, which from 10 to half past 12 consisted of the group of five meetings of the sections on religious works, works of charity, Christian ar t, Christian education, the press, &c. I walked into the hall of the fifth section, i. e„ the press, which had been also the day before my point of att rac ti on , B ut, as compared w i t h t h e anima tion of the fir s t d ay, i t was very qu i e tly going on under the pr es id ency o f t h e ve t eran o f the Catholic press in Belgi um , M. Armand Neut. The question treated was th a t o f pet i t i on i ng f or the reform of the state of the law which prevents the right of asso ciation, granted by the 20th article of the Belgian Constitution, from h av ing its full force. Some op posed a n y move in that direct i on as b e i ng t oo gene ral, and a ff ect i ng commercial i nterests ra th er th an religious ones ; but in the end it was resolved on, as the b es t means of securing b y su pp or tin g gene ral rights those of religious communities and other property for religious purposes from the vexatious and wasting interference of Government officials. It was also resolved, after a very short discussion, to form a central committee in Belgium to keep up an international correspondence with committees in other countries for all matters relating to the works which occupy the attention of the Congress. At three o'clock in the afternoon the members met in general assembly in the great hall of the Petit Seoainaire, the Minister of State, Count de Then; taking the chair as vice-president. The two Car dinal Archbishops of Malines and of Westminster, and the various bishops and prelates, were present. The proceedings began by a report on the Pius Verein, or Society of Pius IX., which ever since 1843 h as organised annual congresses of Catholics in various towns of Germany, so as to be the model of th e society now constituting itself in Belgium. The report w as rea d i n French by Herr Linden, secre tary of the German Pius Verein, and described th e progress made year after year by the society, and its drawing to its meetings, first the Swiss, W h o begun in 1857 to hold a congress of their own ; and, finally, the Belgians, who are now doing the same. The President of the Swiss Pius Verein, Count Sherer, then came forward, and truly electrified the assembly by a kind of poem-speech, hailing th e Congress iu the name of the 127 sections of th e Swiss Verein, and giving expression by way of salutation to three truths, as he said by way of tele. grams. "We are brothers," he exclaimed, " because, though we have not the same fatherland, we have the same Mother, the Catholic Church, and we want to be united— Volumes !" He then announced that the sixth meeting of the Swiss Verein would take place during the following week, on the 26th and 27th inst., at the Monastery at Eisledain. He spoke of the possibility, therefore, of some of the persons present contri buting still more to cement Catholic union for good works by their presence at Eisledein, and alluded to tile power Catho”licnoatsscocaitahtoiclinc, except in the as making the word "impossible of instance of opposition to evil and wrong, when the head and front of Catholicity uttered the Non Possenzes. As for the children of the Church their un i on l e d to the second telegram of the Swiss Verein—Possumus! Taking than the illustration of his own small country, which waters all the great surrounding countries by the overflowing of its rivers, the Rhine, the Rhone, and the Ticino, because the virgin waters of its glaciers are not stationary. He spoke of the Catholic family, the most ancient in Europe, as able by its agitation to water all na tions with the waters of Catholic spirit, and ended by summing up his three telegrams as, " Volumus! Possumus ! Fiat ! Amen." This was the model address of that day. A report on the Catholic University of Louvain was read in a very low tone by one of its youngest professors, a M. Dssfosses ; and from a rather long statement, not very distinct, we were enabled, however, to gather the interesting facts that, during its 30 years of existence, the pre sent university had educated 18,262 students, while its Anglo-American college during a few years' existence, has sent forth from its walls 23 mis- I sionary priests. A young aroeat, of the name of Verspeyen, then addressed the meeting on the St. Peter's pence orga nisation, and described in a most interesting and eloquent manner the progress of that organisation, and it s success not only in Bel gium, but in P o l an d, Ireland, and Italy itself. He told, with great effect, the story of the Polish peasant who came on foot from his he village to Rome to console the Holy Father, as naively sted, and bring him the Peter's P e nce of his neighbours "in twenty-five new forms, ” which the Piedmontese robbed him of; " but they cannot rob you of our hearts, Holy Father.!" added he; and the Pope blessed in him the people of Poland, and his blessing will b ear i ts f r uit. Alluding next to Ireland, the speaker told of the £B,OOO gathered in one day in Dublin for the Holy Father, and of the blood of its children having been shed for him at Spoleto, Perugia, Ancona, and Cestelfidardo. He called also attention to the immense sum and con tributions of jewels gathered in Turin by the exer tions of the editor of the Armonia, and he proposed that the Congress should proclaim that the Abbata Margotti had well deserved of Catholics. I can not follow the young orator further than to say that he delighted his audience by describing the religious spirit which animates the youth of Belgium, as proved by the numbers which went forth to decend te de 11Ielun then read, of the m : Pope, and whoon are the in a mono engaged the cause stil l part of ' the t i o n nT h o i lui s es service. vtioznc oe second section of the Congress, on chari table works and the freedom of making be quests for the support of such works. The general meeting was suspended at about a quarter past five, and resumed its proceedings at a quarter past six as a public meeting, at which ladies 411.1 1 othtr pasAas payiDEr, a eaklll contribu. BOURSE, Aug. 21.—Stock has been offered, and prices have receded. Threes, for the Account, are now at 67f. 70c. The Railway Share Market is heavy, and many of the lines lower. The market closed as follows : lt per Cent 5....... 96 65 Do. end month.... 3 per Cents - 67 60 Do. end month.... 67 65 Credit Mobilior.... 1103 75 Do. end x»onth 1102 50 Bank shares 3380 Credit 1! oncier 1275 Italian Loan 72 75 Do. end month 72 55 New ditto — Do. end month 72 75 Russian Austrian Spanieh Threes.., Rome Debt RAILWAYS. Cash. Account. Orleans 1026 25 .. 1022 50 Northern .... New. ditto Lyons and Mediterranean 1028 75 .. 1027 50 Geneva.. Southern 715 .. 707 50 Western Eastern .... Sardinian 412 50 .. 412 50 Austrian Lombard North of Spain Saragossa 685 .. 681 25 Ditto to Barcelona - AMERICA. (REUTER'S EXPRESS.) The following is President Lincoln's reply to the ietter of Governor Seymour, of New York, concern ing the draft. WASHINGTON, Aug. 7. His Ernellency Horatio Seymour, Governor of New York, Albany, N.Y.:-- i‘ Your communication of the 3d instant, has been received and attentively considered. I cannot con sent to suspend the draft in New York, as you re. quest, because among other reasons, time is too im portant. By the figures you send, which I presume are correct, the twelve districts represented fall in two classes of eight and four respectively. " The disparity of the quotas for the draft, in these two classes is certainly very striking, being the difference between an average of 2,200 in one class, and 4,864 in the other. Assuming that the districts are equal one to another in entire popula tion, as required by the plan on which they were made, this disparity is such as to require attention. Much of it, however, I suppose, will be accounted for by the fact that so many more persons fit for soldiers are in the city than are in the country, who have too recently arrived from other parts of the United States, and from Europe, to be either in cluded in the census of 1860, or to have voted in 1862. Still, makibg due allowance for this, lam yet unwilling co stand upon it as an entirely suffi cient explanation of the great disparity. I shall direct the draft to proceed in all the districts, drawing, however, at first from each of the four districts—to wit :—the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth—only 2,200 being the average qu ota of the other class. After this d raw i ng, t h ese four districts, and also 17th and 29th, shall be care fully re-enrolled ; and, if you please, agents of y ours may witness every step of the process. Any defi ciency which may appear by the new enrolment will be supplied by a sp ec i a l d ra f t for that object, allowing duo credit for volunteers who may be ob tained from districts respectively during th e inter val ; and, at all points, so far as consistent w ith practical conveni ence , d ue credit shall be given for volunteers, and your Excellency shall be notified of the time fixed for commencing. a draft in each dis trict_ I trict_ " I do not object to abide a decision of the United ; States Supreme Court, or of the judges thereof, on the constitutionality of the draft law. In fact, I should be willi ng to facilitate the obtaining of it ; but I can no t consent to lose the time while it is being obtained. We are contending with an enemy who, as I understand, drives every able-bodied man he can reach into his ranks, very much as a butcher drives bullocks into a slaughter pan 7 -no time i s waste d , no argument i s use d. This produces an army which will soon turn upon our victorious soldiers already in the field, if they shall not be sustained by recruits as they should be. It produces an army with a rapidity not to be matched on our side, if we first waste time to re experiment with the volunteer system, already deemed by Congress, and palpably, in fact, so far exhausted to be inadequate; and then more time to obtain a Court decision as to whether a law is con-. stitutional which requires a part of those not now in the service to go to the aid of those who are already in it; and still more time to determine with absolute certainty that we are to get those who are to go in the precisely legal proportion to these who are not to g 6. My purpose is to be in my action just and constitutional, and yet practical, in per forming the important duty with which I am eharg“l, of re.ttintaihiog the unity and the free " A. LINCOLN." The 'Washington correspondent of the New York Herald writes as follows concerning the relations of Russia with the Federal Government : " The receipt of advices from abroad by the Arabia has set the occupant of the White House and the head of the State Department in a flutter. Most singular rumours are prevailing here with reference to a complication of the United States with the imbroglio now prevailing in Europe touching the affairs of Russia with Poland. Confe rences have been held between Mr. Seward and the President concerning the matter, and in the inner circles of the Republican leaders there is a very unusual ferment. "It would appear, from all that can be learned by outsiders, that Minister Plenipotentiary Extraordi nary Cassius M. Clay has been making for himself a very extensive chapter in the history of European politics, and that, with his usual indiscretion, he has managed to embroil the United States in the troubles between Russia and the Western Powers. The secret of the remarkable change of base of Prince Gortschakoff, from a tone of peace to one of war, was brought about, it is understood, by no less a person than our eccentric and hot-headed Minister in Russia. It will be remembered that in all the early diplomatic papers touching the troubles of Poland and Russia, the tone of the Rus sian Government was eminently peaceful and con ciliatory. In answer to the several representations from Austria, France, and England respecting the inviolability of the Treaties of 1815, the Foreign Minister of Russia condescended to explain matters to the Western Powers, and to defend the conduct of his Government by argument. The joint note of the three great Powers produced a very different effect, and the recent reply of Prince Gortschakoff shows that Russia contemplates the possibility of a war with equanimity. The puzzle was, what created this change of feeling; end it now appears, if the reports that reach Washington may be relied upon, that it was no less a person than Minister Clay who has entered into a treaty—so the rumours go on to say—with Russia, offensive and defensive, assuring her that, in the event of the Western Powers de claring war against her, the United States would declare against England and France. Russians were aware from their own ministers in this country, and from the tone of our public press, that the utmost irritation existed in the United States against France, on account of the desire of Napoleon to re cognise the Soutb, and because, of the conquest of Mexico; and against England on account of the sympathy that nation had felt for the insurgents, and the aid and comtort it had given them in the war in arms, and especially in ships to prey upon American commerce. With these facts patent to the Russian Government, it was compelled to credit the announcements of Minister Clay that the American people only wanted opportunity to de clare war against England and France, especially if there was a fair prospect that the rebellion would be quelled. Hence the courage of Gortschakoff and the Russian Government. On land Russia has very little to fear from the Western Powers, partly on account of the inaccessibility of its more important cities and seats of power, but mainly because its armies, since the result of the Crimea campaign, have been remodelled and regenerated and are expected now to be able to vie in discipline and valour with even the best troops of France. By an alliance with the United States Ruesia hopes to be able to humilitate England en the high seas, as well as seriously to damage the growing maritime power of France. In short, the Russians on the strength of the representation of Minister Clay, hops to be able to create a fire in the rear of England and France which they little dream of. Hence the boldness of tone and the gauge of battle which has been thrown down by Prince Gortschakoff in the recent reply to the note of the great Powers. "There is another reason which has decided Russia in the course she has taken. The winter season is approaching, and before war could be declared and fleets prepared the Baltic would be inaccessible to the English on account of the cold and ice. As for the Black Sea, there is no commerce there which could be broken up to injure Russia which would not injure England still more—to wit, the great wheat crops of Southern Russia, which are now the mainstay for the breadstuffs for Francs and England. "One of theireasons, it ;s said, why Clay has urged upon the Russian Government to take the course it has done, is that a war between Russia and the Western Powers will be popular in America, from the experience of 1854 and 1855, when the stop page of the Russian grain trade caused an im mense exportation of grain from the United States and enriched our western farmers beyond measure. Russia, therefore, had every reason to believe that Clay was authorised in the treaty, or rather under standing, which he was anxious to secure between himself, on the part of the United States, and Gortschakoff, on the part of the Russian Govern ment. " Of course this news has set Washington agog, at least such circles as are enrapt with the State De partment and the White House. There are those who believe that Mr. Seward has had a finger in the pie. Ho is not the man to forget an enemy. It will be remembered that Mr. Seward strongly urged the appointment of Clay to Rusaia in the very teeth of the fact that Clay had the impudence and indiscretion to publish a letter in a New York paper strongly censuring Mr. Seward for his diplo matic correspondence, and complaining that Mr. Seward had given too much of his own correspon dence and too little of his (Clay's) to the public. In the face of this Mr. Seward urged his appointment upon the Senate. It is believed by some here that the position that Clay has taken, while not exactly recommended or approved by the State Depart ment, has been winked at by Mr. Seward, partly with the hope of paying off Clay for his contemp tuous letter by the excitement his objectionable course will create, and partly to scriou;:ly embroil France and England with Russia, so as to prevent England from the talked of interference in our affairs. If this is true, it will show most dexterous management on the part of our Secretary of State. If he shall have succeeded in creating war between Russia and France and England by such an instru ment as Cassius M. Clay, it will be a stroke of statecraft and finesse worthy of a Machiavelli. "Of course the future of our Government is very clear. There will be no war with England and France at present, unless the rebellion should im- mediately collapse, and the temptation be afforded ror our President to pay off old scores with those nations. The probability is, if the war is finished by Christmas, that by the coming spring our people will be tempted to try the virtue of the new iron. clads, and which should not be built without a prac tical test of their capacities. The Puritan, Die- :ator, and Dunderberg, and the other large vessels of our iron-clad fleet, ought to have a chance with ,he Warrior and Gloire, and unless the people here are very much mistaken in the sentiments of the country at large, the temptation for a war with England or France, or both combined, will be too strong to b© resisted before many years aro over In the event of a war between Russia and the West ern Powers, and in ease our Government should not feel strong enough to contest the supremacy of the seas with those great naval nations, the course of President Lincoln is clear. It would be to recall Clay, and disavow the proceeding which he is said .0 have assented to." SINGULAR AND FATAL ACCIDENT AT FIAMBRO'. —Oa Monday, a young man in the employ of Mr. Harrington, of the North Star Inn, Flambro', went to a field to catch and bring up a horse. Not returning hi pro per time search was made, and he was discovered dead iu a recumbent position, having his feet in a ditch of water, with a largo quantity of blood near him. The deceased had a cancer of a dangerous kind on his lip, and for its cure he had some time previously been partially operated on, but owing to the peculiar nature of the cancer the knif e could not be used from fear of the patient bleeding to death. It is supposed that the horse had hit his lip with its head, and finding blood flowing rapidly from his lip, and know ing. the danger attending it, ho had hastened to the wat er in the ditch to stop the bleeding or wash his face, and SOon died of exhaustion. The maa's name was George Dobson. II was yort.. of age,—Lco4 aorpry, The Earl of Coventry is expected daily at Croome Court, his seat in Worcestershire, from visiting the Duke and Duchess of Richmond at Gordon Castle, near Focha bars, N.B. The noble earl intends to entertain a large party at his counlTy seat during the ensuing week. The Countess (Frances) Waldegrave and Mr. Chichester Fortescue, M.P., leave town to-day for Harp tree Court, Somersetshire. Lord and Lady Lindsay and family, who have been staying with the Earl of Crawford and Balcarres at Haigh Hall, Wigan, left there in the early part of the week for their seat in Aberdeenshire. . . Baron de Croixm e t_ has arrived at Claridge's Hotel from Paris. The Right Hon. Sir John Pakington, AT.P., and Lady Pakington intend to prolong their sojourn in Ger many until the end of next month. Sir Philip de Grey Egerton, M.P., and Lady Egerton have arrived within the last few days at the hon. baronet's shooting box in Inrerness-shire for grouse shoot ing. Sir Philip will return south in the middle of next month, in order to attend the annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science at Newcastle. General Sir George Brown, G.C.8., arrived ill town on Monday from Paris, and to-day will leave for Dublin to resume his military duties as commander-in chief. Colonel Poulett G. H. Somerset, M.P., and Mrs. Somerset, leave town today for Malta, by way of Mar seilles. Mr. R. S. Holford, M.P., and Mrs. Holford, who returned from Vichi a few days ago, have since gone to the hon. member's shooting quarters in the north of Scotland. The Late Mr. Joshua Field. With the deepest regret we announee the death of Mr. Joshua Field, F.R.S., of the firm of Maude- lay and Field, engineers. Mr. Field expired at his residence, Balham Hill, on the morning of the 11th inst., the immediate cause of his death being thopor supervening on an attack of gout, his illness ex tending altogether over a period of four months. The deceased gentleman was in the 77th year of his age, and up to the commencement of the disease which has terminated so unfortunately he possessed in the fullest degree all his powers of mind and body. His death is too recent to enable us to give as yet as full a sketch of Mr. Field's life as we could wish. Of such men data exist and facts are known which lie dormant and almost forgotten, until time brings them to light. The Institution of Civil Engineers owes its existence to six young men-11. I. Palmer, Joshua Field, William Mandalay, J. Jones, C. CoHinge, and James Ashwell—who founded it in 1817. Mr. Field was one of the earlits t vice-presidents, holding that office until Jan, 18,1848, when he was elected president, being the first mechanical engi neer who filled the chair. The admirable manner in which he fulfilled his responsible duties is too well known to need comment. To Mr. Field, in connection with Mr. Maudslay, may be traced, ia a great degree, the origin of ocean steam navigation. The engines put by these gentle men on board the Great Western, in March, 1838, were so completely successful that they long served as a model for other builders. On Sunday, A pr il 8, 1838, she started on her first voyage from Bristol with seven passengers and 50 tons of goods, a.nd reached New York on Monday, April 23, thus ac complishing the 3,000 miles in 13 days and 10 hours. Mr. Field was not more respected for his talents as an engineer than loved and esteemed for his amiable qualities and fine disposition. To know him as a man of science was an honour, to be classed by him ac a friend was something beside which even honour sank into insignificanc e . His death has been a blow deeply the profession. felt by nea r ly every mem b er of Mr. Field was interred at Norwood Cemetery on Tuesday, the 18th inst. The funeral cortege earl" sisted of nine mourning coaches, containing the re latives and more immediate friends of the deceased, and 14 private carriages. At the cemetery gatEs were assembled a considerable number of workmen, principally elderly men, who have been engaged at the Works for a long period. DEFARTURE OF THE CHANNEL FLEET FROg ,KIRRWALL.—A correspondent at Kirkwall, writiv g on Tuesday, says :—" The Channel fleet, which has been detained for two or three days by thick rainy weather , left Kirkwall Bay to-day between one and two o'clock- They intended proceeding through the Westray Firth to (Le Atlantic, but after being under steam for several hours they returned to Inganess Bay, on account of the strong tine being against them. The vessels are now anchored in the above-mentioned bay, and it is anticipated that they will work out into the the Atlantic to-morrow." AN ATOM OF A JOKE IN A MOUNTAIN OF A. COPS. PumENT.--It has been remarked—says (of all papers tzt the world of letters) the lady's newsp a pe r o f to ladies have generally a gre a t f ear o f li ghtn i ng, an d ,11i8 haB , been superficially ascribed t o t h e i r natural timidity; but the truth is, that it arisa from their con m seicuess of be i " attractive, .day--that LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) SPAIN, MADRID, Aug. 22. Several German banking houses have offered Spain a loan of 500 million reals, at 6 per cent., to repair the disaster which has taken place at Ma nilla. DENMARK. COPENHAGEN . , AUG. 22. Tbe Dagblabet of to-day says " The King of the Greeks will soon take his de parture for Athens. His Majesty will arrive in Greece in the latter half of October, after the vote for the annexation of the lonian Islands by the lonian Parliament. " The King will stay at London 10 days, and a similar time in Paris." The King of Denmark will preside at the sitting of the Privy Council to-day, to resolve upon the reply to be given by Denmark to the resolution of the Federal Diet of the 9th July. ,_. ._ ,~, ~., tion to the expenses of the Congress were admitted. This part of the proceedings is devoted exclusively to the addresses of the various orators of distinction who have consented to entertain the Congress with their eloquent demonstrations of the various ques tions of interest now being agitated, and the first speaker, a Belgian, the Vicomte de Kerckhove, formerly Minister plenipotentiary at Constantinople, led off worthily the list of brilliant speakers with a speech on the duties and hopes of Catholics. He was followed by a young avocat of the name of Woeste, who gave us a rather eloquent but rather useletis sketch of the history of the Church, under the heading of "The Struggles and Triumphs of the Church." His allusions to the present state of politics, which came at the end of his speech, were the most interesting part of it, The proceedings of the clay concluded with a most interesting address of M, Adolphe Dachamps, Minister of State, on the triple object of the Congress —namely, " Union, Publicity, and Liberty." One of the most interesting parts of the Congress, is the gathering in the great courtyard of the Petit Seminarie during the intervals of the sittings, when the mass of 3,000 visitors can meet as on 'Change, and form groups of acquaintances, old and new, of the most international kind. Thus, besides meeting former friends from Syria, Italy, and France, as well as Belgium and Switzerland, I am acquiring daily new friends from Holland, Germany, and Portugal. I find, besides, England, very numerously repre sented by bishops, priests, and laymen, among whom figure Monsignor Manning, the Rev. Dr. Vaughan, and Father Bede Vaughan, 0.5.8., Wegg Prosser, Esq., the Rev. Dr. Clifford, Charles Audley, Esq., &c. We are in the pleasant expec tation of listening, to-day, to the celebrated Count de Montalembert ; while his Eminence, Cardinal Wiseman, is to speak to-morrow. The town, mean while, is keeping up a week's festival, in honour of the dedication of its church of Notre Dame d'Hans wyck ; and to-day, if the weather permits it, we are to witness the defile of a grand cavalcade, repre senting religious subjects, and including in its ranks children and young men belonging to the first families of the town. FRANCE. THE REPLIES OF THE THREE POWERS TO RUSSIA. PARIS, AUG. 22. The Courser du Dinzanche of to-day believes itself able to guarantee that the Notes of the three Po a•ers contain an identical conclusion, couched in the following terms : "One imperious duty now remains to be ful filled by the Govern meat. This is to call the most serious attention of Prince Gortschakoff to the gravity of the situation, and the responsibility it imposes upon Russia. "Austria, Prance, and England have pointed out the urgency of putting- an end to a deplorable con dition of affairs, filled with peril to Europe. Thiay have indicated the means which it appears to them their duty to be employed to attain this end. If Russia does not do all that depends upon her to realise the moderate and conciliatory intentions of the three Powers, if she does not enter upon the course indicated by their friendly counsels, she will become responsible for the serious consequences which the prolongation of disorder in Poland may bring about." principles of our common country —Your obedient servant, cart - HER MAJESTY. (REVTER'S TELEGRAMS.) BERLIN, Aug. 22. Fier Majesty Queen Victoria will proceed to Pots dam for a few days in consequence of an invitation received from the Crown Prince and Crown Princess of Prussia. FOREIGN COURTS, PARIS, August 20. King Leopold and the Royal Family of Belgium have returned to 06tend from Brussels. The most satisfactory accounts of the heath of the Sovereign Pontiff have been received. His Holiness was present in great pomp at the mass of the 15th, the fete of the Assumption of the Holy Virgin, and, according to custom, gave his solemn benediction to the people. On entering and leaving the church, the Pope was hailed with the most en thusiastic acclamations. Cardinal Antonelli is at Palo, for the purpose of sea bathing. The health of his eminence has been seriously impaired during the last five or six months. The Duke de Morny has returned to Trouville, where he intends remaining until he goes to preside over the council-general of the Puy de Dome. The Duke de Gramont, French Ambassador at Vienna, has arrived in Paris. During his absence from the Austrian capital his place will be filled by the Count de Mosbourg, as Chargé d'Affaires. The King of Saxony having accepted the mission of conveying the wishes of the Congress of Princes to the King of Prussia, has proceeded to Baden to see the King, and to deliver to him the project or Federal reform as proposed by Austria, as well as the invitation of the Sovereigns. The reply of the King of Prussia is not yet known. COPENHAGEN, Aug. 18. Prince Amadeus of Italy, son of King Victor Emmanuel, arrived at Copenhagen, on Sunday, by the Royal Norwegian mail steamer. The young prince was received on landing by Captain Barden fleth, aide-de-camp to the King, and by one of his Majesty's gentlemen in waiting. A suite of apart ments had been prepared in the Christiansborg Palace for the reception of the Prince, but as rooms had been taken previously for him at the Phceaiz: Hotel, his Royal Highness proceeded thither. The Prince was received by the King yesterday, and to. morrow a grand dinner is to be given in honour the royal visitor at the Fredensborg Palace. THE EMPEROR will return to-morrow to St. Cloud, whence his Majesty will proceed to Biarritz in September. PRINCE NAPOLEON has returned to Paris from his excursion in Switzerland. Prince George of Saxony and the Princess of Saxony and suite have left Farrance's Hotel for Brussels. The Prince and Princess William of Baden have left Claridge's Hotel for Torquay. Field-Marshal Prince Bariatinsky has arrived at Claride's llotel from Scotland. The Duke of Beaufort arrived in town yesterday from Troy House, one of his Grace's seats in Wales. The Duke of Devonshire and Lady Louisa Caven dish arrived at Bolton Abbey, Yorkshire, early in the week from Holkar Hall, near Milnethorpe. The Marchioness Townshend and Lady Audrey Townshend, arrived at 31, Dover-street, yesterday, front Ball's Park, Herts.