The Sun. — London, England, 1830-10-04 00:00:00

is' 2- - WAVERLEY NOVELS—NEW EDITION. VOLUME XVII. 'of this EDITION, which completes iVANHDE, Illustrated by W.' Bova! att 'Et; A. Hitt, wan pnbliibed this day. ' 'Painted forllnhert Cadell-, Edinbnrer;' and Whittaker, ?reacher and Arnot, London • This day, was published, price 2s. (id. half-bound, PLAIN and • SHORT HISTORY of 'ENGLAND for CHILDREN. In Letters from a Father to his Son. BY the 'Editor of " The C'ottager's Monthly Visitor." Prilged for, P. ,G. and F. Rivington, St. Paul's Church-yard, and Waterloo-place, Pall-mall. Th di ‘ tyVelutilublisihed in 12mo. price Gs. in Wards, WIVIO N S FOR SERVANTS. pi WILLIAM DOWNES WILLIS, Vico pi lir Cleveland; Lecturer of Waleot, and 'A beta Minister of Trinity Church, Bath ; and Se emery to the Rah District Committee of the Suciety for Promoting Christian Knowledge. Printed for C. .1. G. and F. Rivington, St. Paul's Church-yard, and Waterloo-place, Pall-mall. 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A s k for Rutler's Pectoral Elixir. -d LONDON, MONDAY EVI?,,NING, OCTOBER 4, 1830. No. 11,875. PUNISHMENT OF FLOGGING. VICTUALLING OFFICE, Srrr. 528, 1830. THE Commissioners for Victualling His Majesty's Navy, &C. .do' hereby give notice; that on WtintiasnaT, the 6th day °I - October next, they will be ready to receive Tenders in writing (sealed up) ; and treat for the supply of the following Articles, to be delivered into his Majesty's Victualling Stores, at Deptford, viz.— . T he whtile to be de. 200 Quarters of PALE MALT livered before the 100 Quarters of AIIIIEII. MALT..., 2.5 th October next. 100,000 Gallons of RUM 50 Tons of COCOA 100 Tons of SUGAR . 20 Tons of TOBACCO 800 Quarters of PEASE 40 Toss of OATMEAL. 15 Tons of BUTTER 20 Tons of CHEESE • Samples of the Malt, Cocoa, Pease, and Oatmeal, must be produced by the party tendering; those of Sugar and Tobacco, together with the Conditions of the Contracts, may be seen at this Odlce. Each Tender must specify the price in words at length, and be delivered before One o'clock on the s :day, appointed, and the Person who makes the Tender, ter some Person on his behalf, must attend to answer when called for. M. 'WALLER CLIFTON. to exemplify the nature of those offences or breaches of discipline, for the committing of which corporal punishment has been most frequently inflicted in the royal navy. We have now lying before us a state ment extracted from the log-book of his Majesty's ship How 4 setting forth the names of certain indi viduals that were flogged on board that ship, be tween the 17th of July, 1805, and February, 1806, and describing the offences for the committing of which those individuals were so punished. " Now, as it so happens, that we were unfortunately compelled to be serving on board the Howe nearly the whole of the period just mentioned, and as that ship was at that time commanded by Sir George Cockburn, one of the present Lords of the Admi nifty, we the more readily avail ourselves of the information to be derivcd from the extract lying be fore us. We say the more readily, because the information contained in the extract is, as far as it goes, perfectly correct ; and because it confirms our previous suspicions as to the fallacious information ' to be derived from a man-of-war's log-book. We have known men credulous enough to believe that every punishment inflicted on board of a man-of war, whether flogging or starting, would be found minutely recorded in the log-book, but we always thought otherwise; and that which was previously matter of doubt, is now rendered matter of cer tainty by the statement which we here insert for the inspection of the reader : ENTRIES OF PUNISHMENTS INFLICTED ON BOARD OF MS MAJESTY'S SHIP HOWE, GEORCIE COCKBURN, ESQ., CAPTAIN, BETWEEN THE MONTHS or JUNE, 1805, AND FEBRUARY, 1806, AS EXTRACTED FROM THE LOG • BOOR OF THAT SHIP. (From the Times.) The publication of those distressing and dis graceful severities, which have lately taken place on board certain of our East Indiamen,. and have been made the subject of proceedings at some of the police-offices, seems to have induced a cbrrespondent to favour us with the copy of a paMphlet, written a few years ago, on the disci pline of the Marine of England, and on the treatment experienced in too many instances by her seamen. It is a stinging pamphlet, but one which not merely every officer in the navy, but every Member of Parliament, and every British statesman, ought to read. The title of the essay . is, " An Inquiry into the Nature and Effects 4+91 . Flogging," as practised by the Royal Navy and the Merchant Service. To enumerate the reasons which operate for cibly against an arbitrary recourse to the above mentioned odious punishment, would be to compose a volume. Every motive to the avoid ance of unnecessary insult, outrage, degradation, and cruelty towards our fellow-creatures, would be' embraced in such a work. Every considera tion of prudence, policy, patriotism, and bene volence, might and must be urged on behalf of a temperate and kindly exercise of authority . over our sailors, if common justice were done to a question of such extreme importance. The author does not deal in visions of a moral excellence in officers or seamen unattain able by human nature, or of a separation from men in power of the means of enforcing their commands : he does not press for the abolition of flogging in the Royal Navy, of which he paints the details with terrible accuracy ; but only recommends that it shall be administered, if at all, under the sentence of a regularly-con stituted Court-martial, so as to secure the sea man from acts of oppression perpetrated through caprice or malice. There is no doubt, that in numerous instances crimes of the most revolting and deadly nature have been committed by the crews of men-of war. The mutiny on board the Hermione, and the piratical seizure of the Dana 6 which was carried by her ship's company into an enemy's port, are samples of what sailors will sometimes execute ; but they are likewise proofs of the dreadful effect of a system of inhuman treatment practised by officers upon these poor men, whose desperate and lawless conduct, it is on record, was in both the above cases provoked (we do not say justified) by the frequent torture of the rope's-end and cat-o'-nine-tails, to which they, the respective crews, bad been subjected. The following passages from the little pamphlet al luded to, will convey the author's sentiments on the cases of the two ships in question, as also on those of the Ariadne, whose seamen cheered on the fall of their commander Captain Corbett, in action ; and of the Howe, whose log-book is said not to have contained a full and faithful re turn of the number of punishments inflicted. " Prevention of crime is the only legitimate end for the attainment of which punishments of any de scription should be resorted to as the means ; and great care should be taken that the punishment be not more than commensurate with the offence; for if trivial offences be visited with unnecessarily severe punishments, the turpitude of the offenc e i s wholly lost sight of in the general sympathy and in. dignation excited by the enormous severity of the punishment. With such unrelenting severity has the lash been inflicted in the royal navy, that mutiny and murder have been resorted to in a spirit of retaliation 1 What was it which induced the crew of the Ilennione to mutiny, to kill the captain (Pigot), his officers, and the marines; and then to carry that ship into an enemy's port ? Excessive flogging and starting, which were inflicted to an ex cess surpassing human endurance, and rendering th e prospective terrors of the yard-arm a comparatively trifling risk, when weighed with the tremendous evils from which the crow of the Hennione conceived they were about to extricate themselves. We do not believe it to be possible that any m an can re flect on the mutiny of the Hernsionc, and th e mur ders and hangings which resulted therefrom, with out feeling convinced that the whole was an eff ect, of which the cruel and wanton abuse of power, on the part of Captain Pigot and his officers, was most assuredly the cause. It is this conviction which, to a certain extent, mitigates our abhorrence of the cold-blooded murders which were committed by th e mutineers of the Hertnione on that lamentable One half of oath by the 2Stlt October next, and the re ' toalmicr by the 25th November fol lowing. IMPERIAL LIFE INSURANCE OFFICE, SUN-COURT, CORN H I LL, AND ST. 3 AMES'S.STREET. Capital ..£750,000. DIRICTORS. JOHN BAKER RICHARDS, Esq. Chairman. Sir CHARLES PRICE, Bart. Deputy Chairman. Grant Allan, Esq. Richard Lee, Esq.' Charles Barclay, Esq. M.P. Jeremiah Olive, Esq. Michael Bland, Eq. John Horsley Palmer, Esq. Cornelius Buller, Eq. Sir James Shaw, Bart. John Henry Deffell, EM. Robert Slade, LEI. Samuel Drewe, Esfl• John Smith, Esq. M.P. George Hibb ert, Jun., EM. John Henton Tritton, Esq. AUDITORS. C. Porcher Lang, Esq. f James Pattison, Jun., Esq. George Reid, Esq. Date, Men's Stations they Imputed No. of 1805. Names. tilled. Offence. Lashes. ,---- , ------ -,-- July 7 Joseph Cratz Drunkenness .... 24 Jas. Carrington Purser's Steward Disobedience .... 24 David P0we1.... Seaman Strikingsuperior officer 42 John Clements Contempt and in solence to his superior Officer on his Post—.. 48 Oct. 7 Lewis Morgan.. Seaman Disrespect l2 John Coose Ditto Ditto l2 Stepp. Hughes Ditto Ditto l2 Nov. 4 John Collins ... Ditto Drunkenness—. 24 John Tait Ditto Theft l2 —ll li:dw Phillips...lDitto Drunkenness.— 24 Mich. Lamm- Ditto lnsolence .... ..... 12 CONSULTING I.IIYSICIAN. H. LiddellLie, M.D. Falcon.square. Two-thirds of the profits of the Company will be periodically added to Policies effected for the whole term of life, without the insured incurring the responsibility at tached to Societies for Mutual Insurance. A division of Profits will be made in the year 1831 ; after which the Court of Directors are empowered by the Deed of Settlement to make additions to such Policies, upon which five annual Premiums have been paid, as may become Claims before the next general division of Profits. Rates and Conditions may be had at either of the Com pany's Offices, or of any of the Agents in the principal towns throughout the kingdom. By order of the Board, SAMUEL 11NGALL, Actuary. occasion. " Again we ask, what was it which induced the crew of the Dana to rise upon her captain, L or d Proby, and his officers, and carry that ship also into an enemy's port ? We answer, the very Same causes which led to the running away with th e Herntione ; i, e., the accursed flogging and starting which the unfortunate victims of abuse of power were too frequently unmeritedly made to endure; and, although the mutineers of the Dana stained not their hands with the blood of their officers, a great number of them expiated their offence at the yard-arm, although they were driven to commit the offence for which they suffered so ignominious a death by the most wanton acts of barbarity. And while we do not recollect an instance of mutiny, or premeditated mutiny, which did not originate in consequence of excessive flogging, starting, and other cruel treatment, we are confident that the cat o'-nine-tails never yet prevented or suppressed one. We have known several instances, wherein the changing of a captain, and the substituting of mild ness for severity, have been productive of results highly gratifying to every one not totally insensible to Justice and 'humanity. But mutinies, murders, and the consequent hangings, are not the only bane ful effects of that wanton abuse of power which we are so anxious to see properly restrained. " One would imagine, that an officer falling in a contest for the honour and interest of his country, would be sure to experience the sympathy and re gret of all who had served, fought, and bled under his command. But, alas I such are the consequences which result from cruelty and abuse of power, that the death of some of our commanders was matter of unbounded exultation amongst their crews, who conceived themselves thereby rescued from the fangs of an unrelenting persecutor. We could mention several instances of this description, but one will be quite sufficient for our purpose; Captain Corbett, we think it was, who commanded the Africaine, was a complete Tartar; and when he fell, the crew of that ship gave vent to their exultation in three distinct cheers, and most heartily felicitated each other on their being thus ridded of an unpa ralleled scourge. Such have been, and doubtless ever will be, the effects of allowing individuals to possess the unre strained power of inflicting corporal punishment at discretion. " Having described the nature of corporal punist went, and the manner of inflicting it ; having shown the tremendously awful consequences % f i l ia l here re sulted from allowing the officers of the royal navy to inflict corporal punishment ad libitum, we proceed 7 ___ ~.... ~ • •_ t.....,€_ __ /- /, z , , x...-- ••_. r -, i-e-c._____--- • ' . ..... „ . . , : i-N44 :: ,‘,i.t-. 1 p,..tp . 4,!:7-», 24. •----). . - _ le 4 " ..") 4':',....' . 1 f 7 :'' ..,..'.., ..' ,4 ' 4*; ,•," .1 14 / tri (r , i• _.4 6 ,,::4,„,,. . ,„J-_,, , • • ._.4 , • - , ~..711 ' 411. 4W i l : ••••••' \ - . ''' 1 . ,--- ‘ PO:, i, , ,e - c co ~4,41. -K, . P• 4 .,..4.._,- , '' ' --•, . . . , • Alid P. ' .'""4 r ' '' -7 * .:4 '''' ' ~I . \-- '' •.! 1,,,, 4?, ,„, „ Ai :. v 9! - - . 4 ..:4_ '6"'"glig '' - / 1 111V 4 ' I'•'' ti ' ! a -.- ~.,; i .,, m ,.4 • It o , .-: PRICE 71). ton, although a petty officer, and a most respectable man in his station, was made to strip, was seized up, and suffered the disgraceful and degrading punish ment of a flogging, for having been guilty of . dis obedience. He received two dozen lashes; and we are sure that Mr.Martin,of Galway, would execrate as a monster of depravity any man who should ven ture to treat a horse or an ass, or any part of the brute creation, with equal severity. " Daniel Powel was a seaman ; we do not rceol• lect the part of the ship in which he did his ditty, but we think it was in the main-top : however, the offence for the committing of which he underwent the torture of the lash, was committed on the orlop deck. It was his watch below, and he, with the rest of the watch, was employed cleaning out their births; and while using the swab, Powel, either ac cidentally or designedly, got foul of the boatswain's mate. The latter went aft, and complained to the commanding officer, when the former was conse quently put in irons, and on the following Monday, we think ►t was, Powel was brought to the gang way, and there received 42 lashes, Connected with this affair, there were some circumstances which we feel it our duty to notice in a particular manner. We have already said that it is by no means a trifling argument against corporal punishment, that the ob durate wretches who generally have to inflict it can, by a dexterous movement of the arm, either aggro ' vete or mitigate the severity of the torture. Now mark : a boatswain's mate accuses Powel of having struck him while in the execution of his office; on Powers being brought to the gangway, the Captain reiterates the accusation, and orders h►m to strip. Powel denies having struck the boatswain's mate, and assures his honour that he only shoved him; and his honour, in terms a very little more. dignified, ex ' Then I hope he will give you a good shove in return;' and the very identical boatswain's mate, who was the accuser, was also the executioner. Such having been the case, who can doubt that the sentence was executed ►with zeal and alacrity ? who can doubt that the very dignified injunction of the Captain was strictly complied with ?—who can doubt that the lacerated back of Powel, after he had received the two-and-forty lashes, presented a spec tacle horrible to contemplate, an incontestable proof that his accuser had faithfully performed his duty ? And who can wonder that throe who have witnessed scenes of this description, should feel utterly dis gusted with that service wherein the like could have been tolerated ? " Connected with the punishment of John Cle ments, there was nothing of an extraordinary nature, if we except the fact of his having received six lashes more than Powel, although the offence of the latter was much more serious in its nature, and a great deal more pernicious in the effect it was cal culated to produce on the discipline of the ship. . " Lewis Morgan had said or done something which gave offence to one of the lieutenants, we think it was the first, but we are not positive. However, almost every body was astonished to see him brought to the gangway. Morgan was a Cam brian, and used to say that he was descended from Owen Glendower or Llewellyn. lie was the Strap of the ship, and was as harmless and inoffensive a creature as the celebrated follower of Roderick Random could possibly have been; and therefore his being punished was matter of astonishment to every body. " John Coose and Stephen Hughes were flogged inconsequence of a complaint made by the boatswain, who was about as fit for that station as one of the sisters of Guy's Hospital would be. He was really l a disgusting fallow, respected by neither officers nor men; and yet he was allowed to start, strike, or kick, at his pleestire, some of the finest fellows that aver worked the forecastle of any ship whatsoever. We have forgotten the name of that pink of a boat swain. M'e do not know whether lie be now in existence or net ; if not, God be praised ! the earth is rid of a monster of inhumanity. To such an ex tent was the boatswain allowed to carry his ill-treat ment of the forecastle men, that when we arrived at the then desolate island of Ascension, where we stopped a night to catch some turtle, two of those forecastle men, viz. Hughes and M'Laughlin, de serted, and preferred taking their chance on a deso late island to returning to England in a ship, on board of which they were subjected to such cruel treatment. " The reader will have seen that John Collins and Edward Phillips received two dozen lashes each for getting drunk; while John Tait, who had com mitted a theft, and whose punishment was Heon sidered necessary by every man in the ship, received but one dozen lashes. This latter circumstance does away with all the nonsense about its being ' absolutely necessary that the commanders of Men. of-war should possess a discretionary power of in flicting corporal punishment,' in order that they may be able to deal with ' the sweepings of the gaols, —the thieves that are occasionally sent on board in time of war. Now we would readily stake all we are worth in the world against a China orange, that if it were possible to obtain a correct return of the number of men flogged in the Royal Navy during the last thirty years, the gaolbirds would form a very small minority indeed. But we shall have to gt more fully into the subject presently, and therefore we pass on to Michael Larogan. Larogan was an Hibernian, and, if we recollect rightly, was flogged for offending a midshipman of the name of Scott ; but that is of little consequence. Insolence was the crime imputed to him, and for which he received one dozen lushes. We again repeat that the state ment extracted from the log-book of the Howe does not contain the names of one-half the number of men that we saw flogged on board of that ship; bet it presents a very fair sample of those offences, for the committing of which the unibrtueate offenders have most commonly to undergo the torture of the lash. Hence it appears, that behaving contemp tuously, disrespectfully, or insolently to, or striking, superiors, and getting drunk, have been the prove lent evils for which the cat-o'-nine-tails bath hither to been the usual specific.; ; But we are in hopes that we shall be able to show that these evils have been the natural effects of mimeo over which a better regulated system would have been a most efficient controur • That the system under which such things occur, is one which requires a deep and extensive cleansing, no reasonable mart can doubt ; anti towards a sensible amendment of it, the author advises—we are persuaded with great justice,— that besides the transfer of the privilege to punish, from a single officer to a court-martial, the in dulgence of the vice of drunkenness through out the navy should be as much as possible pro vented. By all that we have learned front naval men, excitement front strong liquor has been the occasion of more misconduct, and consequently of more punishment, than all other causes united. And in the prevention of drunicettuess/ it is to be he o bauthsthat e rved, e s lro :a foe t t ki i el e s: tdtyi that aa o a st s f a ll t ll i ei l f n e a lg t l 3 as s t tort of t t i Pi t s e y f fo g ifil r e l I.l ? t e i o'e i r e rr a t4 l a i l l i y: n c e :k s eu t t . : l : l % ) n i h i n oe : caried' oil in a different manner before and after regards the demeanour of odfil'iTeerr; ofa l ras to s sv a rts the setlinen. A man, though a gen tl e man, if stimulated by wine, may quite as naturally b ecome ca ptious, irritable, and violent, as a sailor may be insolent or neglectful of his , business under the operation of grog. Ho TO THE FREEMEN OP LIVERPOOL. GINTLtDtIiN AND BROTHER FREEMEN, THE mournful event which has thrown so deep a shade over your community and the nation will too soon again compel you to return a Representative of your sentiments to the Parliament of your country. The crisis at which you are about to discharge this great and important duty is a remarkable one in our poli tical history. To an extent almost unknown before, the recent Elections have expressed the independent opinions of the country. Guided by principles, and not by names, the Public has vindicated for itself the constitutional right of Elective Freedom. In the assertion of this great principle—in the main tenance of Measures rather than in the vain conflict of party feeling, the Electors of Liverpool will assume their natural position, and lead rather than follow the progress of an enlightened community. Gentlemen, as the follower of those free and enlarged opinions associated with the immortal names of Canning and of your late lamented Representative, I respectfully solicit your support at the ensuing Election, not in favour ,of an individual so undeserving as myself, but in favour of the sentiments of which 1 am the steady and conscientious advocate. Unaided by the influence of party, unconnected with the aristocracy of the country, I throw myself on your free and independent support ; proud, at least, of this distinction,--that I am a Freeman of your Borough, and a native`of your great, liberal, and enlightened town. Gentlemen, a Candidate for the distinguished honour of representing his countrymen in Parliament has two ways of recommending himself to their notice ; by professions fot the future, and by reference to the past. For the opinions which I have hitherto deemed it my duty to maintain, I refer you to the votes which I have given in the Parliament which has just expired. In each of those votes, I have constantly endeavoured to advance the cause of civil and religious freedom ; and I solemnly declare, that I have followed no guide but my conscience, and sought to promote the common interests of our coin mon country. For the future, if you shall see fit to make me the humble instrument of representing your own opinions in Parliament, no endeavours, no exertions of my own shall be wanting in your cause. Front that time forward, as long as I shall have the honour of serving you, my time, my labour, my interests are your own. Deeply impressed with these feelings, I call upon you all, of every party, of whatsoever denomination, to assert the ascendancy of just, liberal, and temperate opinions, the only natural and substantial basis of commercial prosperity, security, and order. I have the honour to be, Gentlemen and Brother Freemen, Your faithful and obedient Servant, WILLIAM EWART. Liverpool, Sept. 25, 1830. SCOTLAND-RENFREWSHME. DAY OF SALE POSTPONED. DESIRABLE ESTATE AND RESIDENCE IN THE COUNTY OF RENFREW. TO BE SOLD BY PUBLIC ROUP, Within the Royal Ezeliangs Ceffet.house, Edinburgh, on Wintrasnar, Nov. 3, 1830, at Two o'clock afternoon, if not previously disposed of by private bargain, rfirlE LANDS sand ESTATE of WAL- E_ KINSHAW, in the county of Renfrew, consist ing of about 723 Soots Acres, or --- Imperial Acres of Land, of excellent quality. This compact and valuable property is situated in the neighbourhood of the best markets for the immediate dis pointl of all farm produce, being only shout two mike from Paisley, nine fr om Glasgow, eleven from Port-Glasgow, and fourteen from Greenock. There is an elegant Mansion-house on the estate, a com plete vet of offices, and a fine garden of between three and four acres of ground, containing hot-houses, hot-walls, &c. kc. .The pleasure grounds are extensive and well laid out, and there is a considerable quantity of valuable and ornamental timber end young plantations on the property. The river if Guff* runs through the estate for its whole length, and the water of Black Cart bounds it on the west, The larm-steadings are in good repair, and all the farms are 'let, at very moderate rents, to Substantial and thriving tenants, who also pay schoolmaster's salary, rogue and road money, and one half of the expenee of insuring the building's en the farina. The Estate affords two Free hold Qualification, besides * considerable surplus valua tion. The land-tax is redeemed except as to a mere trifle, and the other public burdens are moderate. For further particulars application may be made to Messrs. Pearson, Wilkie, and Robertson, W. 5,, 17, Rpyal Circa, ; or to Messrs. Jelin and Alexander Smith, W. S., 22, Charlotte-square, Edinburgh. I3ILIOUS AND LIVER COMPLAINTS. A s a mild and effectual remedy in all those Affections which hive their origin in a morbid action of the Liver and Biliary organs, namely, Indigestion, Lots of Appetite, Head-ache, Flatulence, Heart-burn, Consti pation, &e. DIXON'S ANTIBILIOUS PILLS, (which do not contain Mercury in any shape) have met with more general approval than any other Medicine ;—they are found and acknowledged to be a most invaluable Medicine in tropical climates. Sold in Boxes, at 2s. 941., 41. 61, 11 s., and 225., by Messrs. Butler, Chemists, Cheapside, corner of St. Paul's ; Savory and Co., 136, New liormi-etreet, and 220, Regent. street; Odling, 26, Oxford-street ; Bayley and Co., 17, Cockspur-street ; Winthis, 61, Bishopsgate Without ; Chalk, 47, Mit:wife ; Easum, 27, Alclgate; Odling, Ib9, Borough ; and at Lockyer's Magnolia Warehouse, 287, Tottenhatn Court.road. Of whom may be bail BUT LEA'S IMPROVED DAFT' Y'S I b l ELIXR. This Pre. paration (made with the fi ne st Brandy) wie found much superior to any other. Purchasers are requested to ask for " Butler's Daffy'e Elixir," and to observe their Naine on the Government Stamp. In Hall-pint Bottkis at 2e. 94. " We have said that the above statement, as far as it goes, is correct; we mean correct as to the names of the parties, the stations they fi lled, the o ff ences imputed to them, and the number of lashes they received. But we do not mean to say that it con tains the names of all the men that were punished on board the flow, during the interval alluded to. Certainly not ; for, although we should not like to swear to the exact number of men we saw flogged on board that ship during the interval before alluded to, we are, nevertheless, ready to make oath that the statement does not contain the names of one half the number of men we slaw flogged on board the Howc, between the months of July, 1805, and January, 1806: add to which, the log-book makes no mention of the innumerable startings which were daily, and, we might with truth say, hourly inflicted, which were in many instances incomparably worse than flogging. . _ . . _ " After Ili; attentive examination of the statement which we have inserted above, a reader not exactly conversant with the subject, would, in all proba bility, ask how it came to pass that a man who had merely behaved insolently and contemptuously to his superior officer, should be punished with greater severity than another man, who had struck his supe rior officer while that officer was in the execut ion , of his office ? How it came to pass that drunkenness and disrespect were visited with much greater seve rity than theft? And whether the word drunken ness was meant to imply that the parties were.habi tually drunkards ? In answer to the two first later o a that the punishing of con tgreater severity than striking, of drunkenness and dis respectthan theft, were the r con tempt m c a s na , d n we insolence u n should punishing s with the et. effect of withe " In answer to the third interrogatory , i.e. what aprifCre greater a t t e i r d nothing severity but caprice. is meant to be implied by there can be no doubt that i the word drunkenness; t should be taken in its literal sense; which, according to Dr. Johnson, is intoxication, inebriety—that is to say, that the parties were detected in a state of intoxication. As the offences imputed in the foregoing statement are a fair sample of the offences for the committing of which men are most frequently flogged on board of a man-of-war, and indeed on board of any ship; and as we can speak with certainty as to most of those offences for which the men were flogged on board the Howe, we shall proceed to narrate the circum stances which led to, and were connected with, the flogging of the individuals named in the statement to which we have so frequently had occasion to allude. " We begin, then, with Joseph Cratz—Joseph Cratz was an ordinary seaman, and did his duty in the after guard, or the waist, we do not exactly re member which, and occasionally assisted the purser's steward; he was helping to weigh and sift bread, when tempted to commit the offence, that very venial offence, for the committing of which his de voted back was afterwards lacerated with two dozen lashes. It so happened that the purser's steward had to be absent from the steward's room a few' minutes, and that there stood near unto Joseph Cratz a black jack, in which there was a small quantity of spirits. Now Joseph, having high authority for believing that the ox should not be muzzled when he treadeth out the corn, and that he who laboureth in the vineyard should taste the juice of the grape, and not having the fear of the gang way before his eyes, ventured to take advantage of the steward's absence, anti to regale himself a little with the exhilarating cordial he found in the black jack. Every man that has followed the sea must be aware that there are men who, in consequence of a weakly constitution, require little more than a glass of grog and a kick of the breech, to make them quite drunk , enough for an exhibition at the gangway. " `The head and front of Joseph Craves offend ing . bad that ex t ent , an d no mote. Joseph was not habitually a drunkard, and therefore we at the time thought, and still think, that his punishment fur, very far, exc ee d e d hi s o ff ence; an d yet hi s was not the only back w hi c h h a d to undergo the torture of the lash ott account of his having misconceived th e privileges which attach to labouring in the vineyard. On Joseph Cratz being interrogated as to how he came by the liquor which he bad been drinking, and which had cause d hi m to b ecome intoxicated, fear ing that his having ventured to help himself to a tittle might be construed into a theft, he said that purser's steward had g i v en him th e liq uo r the grog which had made hi m un fi t t o d o hi s d ut y. P oor Carrington, than whom a more diligent or decent fellow was not to be f oun d on b oar d o f t h e s hip, was immediately hauled over the coals, for having Con travened a positive order of the captain's, which was to the following effect :—" That the purser's steward should not r e m unerate any b o d y t h at ass i s t e d him in the store-room, by giving them grog." In vain the poor fellow urged that it was the first time that he had contravened the order; that the drop of weak grog which he bad given Cratz could not possibly have made him d run k ; its vain he pleaded his otherwise unimpeachable conduct, and that he would be more cautious in future : the wrath of the captain was not to be assuaged, and poor Carting. • Why, we ask, should a specific offence be visited with a reprimand only in some ships, while in others only two dozeu lashes would not be considered suffc►ent atonement ? proposes, therefore, that ercial eltre should he given to the ,eorrectiou this , (undoubtedly frequent) vice of drunkenness in'the °Ricers of the navy—on the umo_Trinciple which lead.; him to applaud the regulation by ,which the allowance of spirits was reduced within these three or four years.' The author next falls foul of Lord StowelVw: decision of the Bth of June, 1825, authorizing' under Certain .circumstances the 'flogging of: sailors in the merchant nervier'. We cannot convince ourselves that Lord Stowell, however. much decried far his . opinion by the author, was wrong in point either of law or.reason ; for sure. we are that there are seamen who in critical cir cumstances would not feel the dread of a remote punishment awaiting them after the end of a voyage, but who might easily be brought to a • sense of duty by the threat of immediate cP t lg a. than. The pamphlet concludes with an appeal against impressment, which will obtain the con currence of every humane mind, and proposes a few simple expedients for superseding in future that abominable and most dangerous measnie.: We quote his sentiments as ' ' " Why, we ask, haii it been found necessarytO have recourse to the odious practice of kidnap- . ping seamen for the British navy ? Simply because our seamen have invariably evinced an unconquer able aversion to that service. Nor was the reptig wee so evinced confined to those who had 'already served on board a man-of-war: men that had never seen a man-of-war actually dreaded an approximation towards a pest-house, or a nest of scorpions. " Now this dread of a man-of•wer, on the part, of our seamen, must have been visionary and chimed eel, or it must have been the effect.of some cause,:or causes, clearly dellneble. That the latter is the most rational preetimptlen,iinist be switlent,to avers body that has known any thing of a man-of-war; or that lhas perused the foregoing pages. " It was the unlimited and unrequited service, together with the unnecessarily severe discipline, often degenerating into cruelty and. oppression, which prevailed in the,royel navy, that rendered tho service so hateful to our seamen; that to avoid' lirluj subject to which, some of them have .been known to mutilate their limbs, other' to cause themselves to become ruptured and otherwise unserviceable; while thousands have abandoned their native land; their homes, their kindred, and their dearest con nexions for ever; and all to avoid what, under other circumstances, it would have beep their pride to seek after—the service of their country. Nor was this all: some of them who bed been on board a mankmf-war, and had deserted therefrom in corm. queuce of cruel usage, actually entered on board the ships of war belonging to the enemies of their country, and therein fought against that country with a more than holy enthusiasm. However unnatural this may appear, it is nevertheless true ; and besotted, indeed, must be those persons who can feel 'asto nished at an impressed and ill-treated seaman evino. ing a total lack of the moor joatritr. " Nor was this the limit of the evil : to supply the place of those seamen it became necessary to avail ourselves of the service of foreigners; and, although it was not customary to impress foreigners in Engs land, the practice was resorted rO . both in the East and West Indies, and, indeed, ,everywhere, where the non-residence of Consuls.preclUded the pessitii;; lity of an appeal. " Thus were foreigners compelled to tht the battles of England ; and there are thousan ds of fug reign seamen who can boast of Inivieg been eons. pelled to participate in the achieving of those victo ries of which Lnglishmes are, and have so Much reason to be proud. But let us not deceive our. selves; never more shall we be permitted to impress: foreigners to fight our battles, as we did during the last war; never again shell we find the navies of Europe in such a state of impotency as we found them during the last war. But it i* nut to the na vies of Europe only that we have to look ; that Herr cubes in the cradle, the navy of the United States of America, is rapidly increasing, both in the number and magnitude of the 'hips; and if the Americans, with, some live or six frigates,contrived.te cut ,out, so much work for us during. that late what would they not do in the, event of , another'sear, when they will have quadrupled their number gates, besides the 20 or 30 ships of the seltieh they will very shortly have in the highest state of perfection? " A-well-o'day for our colonies, our commerce, and our national greatness, if we do not, ere it be too late, adopt such weasures as will be calculated to conciliate our seamen, and to render the naval ser vice of their country an object to be sought after rather than to be avoided. And what is there to prevent this desirable object being effected P No 7. thing but the perverseness and obtuse intellect of those who have the management of mamma concerns. " To render the British naval service in reality the most popular service in the world, it is only ne cessary to introduce therein limited service; a more lenient and equitable system of discipline, to be com mon to the whole navy, and not to be dependent on the mere whim and caprice of the officers; a rate of pay commensurate with the, sacrifices made and the risk encountered, to increase with Inereasing length of servitude; a due regard to experience and capa city in time appointment of officers; and a mortsequal distribution of prize-mosey. We repeat, that the essentials which we have just enumerated are all that ,01 fip is crai r e e l i t ii y i e red to render the British naval sortie* not only the most popular service in the world, but cuts o p f ep i i n i l la p r re w ss i m th en o t t; own seamen to obviate the n ecessity of again running to the soul-appalling MAIINIOUD THE IDOL bESTROYER. Having placed guards round the walls and at the gates of Suomaut, Mahmontl entered, ac companied by his sons anti a few ,of Iris nobles and principal attendants. 00 Approaching the temple he saw a superb edifice built of hewn stone. Its lofty roof was supported by fifll-sht pillars, curiously carved and set with precimis stones. lii the centre of the hall was Sommit, a stone idol, five yards in height, two of which were sunk in the ground. The King approach ing the, image raised his mace, and struck off' its nose. He ordered two pieces of the idol to be broken off and sent to Gliizny, that one might be thrown at the threshold of the public trosuiuN and the other at the court-door of his own pehtee- Two more fragments were reserved to he sent to Mecca and Medina. it is a well-authenti cated fact, that when Mahmoud was thug em ployed lit destroying this idol, a crowd of Drell mins petitioned his attendants, am! raged a quantity of gold if the King would desist from further mutilation. Ilia officers endeavoured to persuade him to accept of the money; for they said that breaking one idol would not do away with idolatry altogether; that therefore it could serve no purpose to destroy the image en tirele ; but that such a sum of money, give n i n charity among true believers, would be a meri torious act. The King acknowledged that there in ( ::1 1 em i i a s g t ta i r l i oh t f yi n b l e i o e r e t; :s : e i l stitolheouelndti idol-seller : e t e t rt t t i l :i t l : l is y lv o ile c s i replied l et a i ir i e ( a i t ;m e b l e i t ie a l s r t o l v i v r a e pssti l i ct i ( ll .: p S n i r u r t i o:u s e s e dowfoibititel their a d s 1 4 I : l ,N e w i l i t I: e t t x n o t t l b ) 1 1 1 6 t w t 1 " r Y l o k a l open the belly of Somnat, which was hollow, iut o anti discovered a quantity of diamonds, itibies, mid pearls, of much gre a te r va l ue t h an t h u amount which the Brahmins had offered:— Family Library, No. XV., Gleig's iii4tory On the 30th of September was published, price 64., the Sixteenth Number of T E CRITIC-QUAR TERLY THEOLOGICAL REVIEW—and ECCLESIASTICAL RECORD. CoNTENTS.—tife of Dr. Bentley —Gramberg and Wont on the Pentateuel,--'iVa•ner's Literary Recollec- , tiOnß—History of Scotland—l lincl's Three Temples--His., tory of Ent husiasm -..-Principles o f N ecessary aw l C on ti n• gent tuth—Life of Bishop ilebor—State of the Dioceses of England and Wales— , Procceflings of the Universities. Printed for C. .I.' G. and F. Rivington, St. Paul's Church -yard, and Waterloo-place, Pa'l-111all. Thin day was published, the Sixth Edition, 12m0.1 price 10s. 6d. boards, GRAMMAR of the GERMAN LAN GUAGE. By GEORGE HENRY NOEHDEN, Ph. D. L.L.D. Printed fur Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green; T,,Cadell; T. and T. Boosey ; J. Booth ; Baldwin and etradock 4. Rooker; Dolan and Co. ; Treuttell, Wurtz, and o. ; Siniphin and Marshall ; Mack, Young, and co.; and 'Sr. J. and J. Maynard. Of whom may be had, by Dr. NoEtiDEN, EXERCISES for WRITING GERMAN, according to the Rules of Grammar. Fifth Edition, 19mo. price Ss. boards. RARENRORST'S POCKET DICTIONARY of the (lERMAN and ENGLISH LANGUAGES. By O. NOE/IDEN, L.L.D. Ph. D. Third Edition, price ISs. hound.