The Sun. — London, England, 1830-07-16 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC jOURNALS. with the vindication of their insulted honour, with a confession of defeat, and stipulations l 9 / of rediess or indemnity, have left the bar barians in possession of their old means of annoyance, their power of interrupting the com merce of the Mediterranean, and affording mul tiplied repetitions of their Panic faith. The political question which now arises, therefore, if not new in itself, is to be discussed in entirely new circumstances. The French have not only na l tionel insults to avenge, sand injuries to redress, but they are, in consequence of legitimate warfare, and with the general sympathy of mankind o n t h eir s ide,, in possession of the formerly debated territory, and have contracted pledges to humanity which they ,have now the ability to redeem : for it will be re membered that his most Christian Majesty, in his' speech from the Throne at the opening of the late itbortive Session, told the Chambers that the expe dition * was to redound not only to the honour of France, but "-to the benefit of Christendom." We take for granted, then, that the French, unfettered as they are by any engagements to the Algerines, and in full possession of the means of executing any ulterior object of policy or humanity on the north , coast of Africa, will make it a point to destroy, once and for ever, the system of l3arbaresque piracy which has prevailed fur centuries, and the necessity of paying tribute as the purchase of protection,-- that the Mediterranean, in time of pence, will be, made as free to the ships of the weakest as of the most poweiful states ;—that no passes will be re ', quired on the high-way of nations; and that hence forward no Christian captives will be placed in c situation to share the hardships or to verify the de scription of Itegnard and Cervantes. The barbarians have before been repeatedly summoned to surrender these terms in favour of the interests of commerce i and the rights of human nature; and though they have promised them at the threat of a hostile visit from the great maritime powers of Europe, I they have never kept their engagements. Even so `late as the year 1819, a naval mission of this kind, from England and France, sent in consequence of a resolution taken at die Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle proved entirely without effect. Now, of course, ' ,'ranee will take securities for the execution of any plan which she may form, or the fulfilment of any stipulation which she may impose. Of the means intended to be employed for accomplishing her put-: ~ poses,—whether by a long military occupation or a permanent garrison at the expense of the van quished,---or by forming the Algerine territory into a French colony,—er by destroying the fortifica tions and blocking up the ports of the Regency,— or by transferring 'the right of dominion to some state, Mahometan or Christian, able to afford a gm , sante° of regular government and good neighbour. hood,—we can at present say nothing. This must be a subject of negotiation between France end her Allies, particularly between France and England. For our own part, us we mentioned on Wednesday, we cannot perceive the vast dangers which would result to England from the permanent oc cupation of Algiers by the French. They have had already, for more than three hundred years, minor establishments in the Algerine Regency, and we have never beard any complaints of their abusing their rights. To a politician, the most jealous of French aggrandizement, it must appear that the additional power which France would derive from the settlement of some of her subjects in the north of Africa, would be owing to the ex tension of improved institutions and increased civi lization in that quarter. The rights of property would be respected, and if Frenchmen flocked to Algiers to plant sugar-canes, or to rear other kind if colonial produce, it must be by purchasing the lands, and directing the industry of the natives. Cultivation and commerce would thus be increased. In such a case, the benefit would not he confined to France alone : new channels of trade would bi opened to other maritime nations; the interior o Africa would be explored, -and the southern shores of the Mediterranean rival the opposite coasts n. Italy and France. On the other bend, great diffi culties will be encountered in fulfilling the just ex• pectations of France and Europe by any other means. The mere destruction of the port of Algiers would not give us a sufficient guarantee against the renewal of African piracy ; and all the treasures of the Dey, together with all the brass guns on :his fortresses, would not be enough to pay half the ex penses of the expedition. Such indemnity will or course be required, otherwise the French Ratio' , would have u right to complain that their Govern. inent had paid too much for the fan-blow of the French . Consul, by incurring an expenditure of .5,000,0001. or 8,000,000/. sterling, and the loss of 2,000 or 3,000 mere—Tiince. Our Parisian Correspondent, in his comtnunica , tion in the Chronicle of this day, contrasts the elec dons of Paris with those of England. " Let me note speak (he says) of the elections of Paris. They are so different to anything of the kind in your country that you could scarcely believe, if you were in Paris to-day, that the elections for Deputies were proceeding. Yet such is the fact. There are no mobs—no hustings—no placards—no speeches—no professions of faith—no addresses to ' the free and independent electors'—no music or dancing, balls or squibs—no treating—no public-house feasting—no waving of flags, or cockades in the hats—no appeal, in short, is made to either ' the passions of the mot or the feelings of the electors. At eight o'clock is the morning of this day (12th) the electors met ie their different Arrondissements, at the different places appointed by the Government in the different sections. In Paris there are eight Arrondissement Colleges, and those Arrondissements are divided into twenty-three sections. Each section meets at tome suitable building, where these is a large room in which the electors must assemble; of course each elector proceeds to the place appointed for the meet. ing of the electors in that section in which he may reside. When so assembled, the President ap pointed by the King retitle the Ordonnance, convoking the Colleges—the Proclamation made by his Majesty —and if lie thirrks fir, lie closes by an Address to the Electors. The number of the electors in the district entitled to vote is then counted, and it is ne cessary that the successful candidates for the posts of Scrutineers and Secretary, siWuld have ape more than the half of the number of votes present. Thus, for example, if 200 electors are entitled to vote, the successful candidates must have 101 votes, or a new ballot must be commenced. The Scrutineers and Secretary appointed provisionally are of course ap pointed by the Government, and the first day is oc cupied by the question of, whether the Ministerial nomination shall be confirmed or rejected? In case no opposition be made to the Scrutineers or Secre tary, provisionally appointed, their election is of course soon over, and the question of the election of Deputies is proceeded with." Our Correspondent alludes to a Liberal Committee of the Society Aide toi et le Cid t'aidera, which has sent round to each elector the names of the Scrutineers and Secretary 44 well as of the Candidate for the Chamber, for whom, if a Liberal, be shall vote; and the Govern merit, in like manner, has sent round a list of the Government Candidates, &c. This is all very dif ferent from what takes place in England; it is un- English—the term used when an appeal is made to national prejudice or national vanity. But which is must rational? 'Which exhibits the electors in the most respectable light ? There cannot, we should suppose, be two opinions on this point. The French act as men naturally act, when they commit to an other a trust in which they ore deeply concerned, They look around them, and name a Deputy hs whose hands they imaiue their interests will be secure. That man, in private life, would be)hought to pos sess a singularly constituted mine!, who, requiring • the assistance of an agent, should expect that agent to put himself to an expense on his account. Ti. English eleetiona indicate deep degradation on the fa i r e tofltDiepetty electoral i note body. The electors do note choose a to attend to their satire. They ! ore shiver let loo se every saves~The e years.ell cajoling t o e c f h o t o h s e e e be ul ,wean different masters,. The remains of what once was George IV. have now undergone the process of interment. We have been charged with two offences, diametrically oppo site, in our behaviour towards the late King. One Set of 'accusere ' will have it that we persecute his memory, with the same hostile spirit in which we assailed his living reputation. Another party re proach us with mean sycophancy to the living, and still meaner malignity . towards the defunct Prince. It might be sufficient for us to state these in consistent calumnies, and leave them to neu tralize each other; but we disdain to shelter our selves by such an evasion, and we give the flattest contradiction to them both. That we feared not to censure George IV. broadly and emphatioally, der- ing his whole reign, in the face of Attorneys-Gene ral and of official informutions, proves itself by the fact, that a certain class of newspapers, mole ant . desperadoes in the Court circle (not of the Govern , meat) loaded the atmosphere, week after week from the year 1820 downwards, with exclamations against the supineness of the Crown lawyers, for not putting in motion against us every engine of tortures that the magazines of the libel law could supply. It is not unsuitable for us, so slandered, to state what was the undaunted bearing of this journal, when an oppressed lady, whose ill-starred . marriage with George IV. was at once the disgrace ' and misery of her existence, had fallen under the ban of his revengeful spirit. When banished, be trayed, and threatened, and assaulted,—when Main . cloned universally by the miscreants of fashion,- - - - when the bribery and perjury of her own domestics were resorted to as instrumeuts for destroying her,- . when courtly rank, and official power, and factitious force of all descriptions, were ranged in battery 1 against one, unaided, woman,—what, let us demand in the true pride of justice, victory, and truth, what . was the conduct of the Time: newspaper ? Did we ' join the foul-mouthed hue and cry ? Did we mingle in the base-minded throng ? Did we float contentedly along the putrid current ? Nn; be history our judge. The Times stood forth the ' champion of the destitute—the unbought Thee: it was that round the noble spirit of its fel ' low-citizens—the 'limes appealed to its pa -1 triot an independent countrymen of the middle " ranks, wet ‘• Ilettered" the King IA Cour tiers in their castle. " Alone we did it," syie)- ' pliant:! and tyranny was trampled in the dust. Need we add to this, the innumerable efforts made by our journal to stem the course of profligate ex travagance pursued by George IV., at the cost and • in contempt of the people ? Was there a new pa lace projected, or an old one spoiled, or any fresh half mink:wry gewgaw undertaken, which did pot call forth from us the loudest expressions of dislike, ;,- indignation, and complaint on behalf of the public, and this up to the last days of the deceased W- S narch ? And were not all such puerile but unfeel ing mischiefs as vehemently upheld, nay, applauded, by the corrupt reptiles of the press, en the uncon stitutional and despicable ground, that it was irre l'. ,f.: tweed to oppose the " pleasure of our most gra 'l ' does Sovereign" in the choice of his own , : resi dences, awl in their decorations ? We affirm, there fore, that it is absurd as well as Ethic, to call us sycophants. But is it more true, that we are ,' per secutors of the memory of George IV.? We def y any human being to lay his hand on a solitar y allusion employed in this journal, with reg ard to George IV., or to his character, which was not . founded in fret. Without one particle o f malice, . or personal (how could we, in our humble station ? .01 members of private society, have personal?) feelings towards a pompous and secluded LW i !larch we have felt it to be a paramount , and ..• indee d most painful duty, to speak of his vices, I:: , is lessons and wai pings : we should have had S s Infinitely more gratification in extolling his virtue s, had they been equally discoverable. The truth is, s . `. I,owever—and it speaks volumes about the mates that there never was an individual less regretted'hy his follow-creatures than this deceased King. What „' ..ye has wept for him ? What heart has heaved one `.:,, throb of immercenary sorrow ? Was there at *. thy time a . gorgeous pageant on the stage inore completely forgotten than he has been, even from the day on which the heralds proclaimed his ,3‹ successor ? Has not that successor gained more 3 upon the English tastes and prepossessions of his subjects, by the blunt and unaffected-s-even should ' it be to grotesque--cordiality of his demeanour, . within a few short weeks, than George I.V.—that , Leviathan of the haul lon—ever did during the 68 years of his existence? If George IV. ever had u li friend—a devoted friend—in any rank of life, we ', protest that the name of him or her has not yet . 4 * ,, reached us. An inveterate voluptuary, especially if he be an artificial person, is of all known beings the most selfish. Selfishness is the true repellant of human sympathy. Selfishness feels no attachment, s. .y and invites none; it is the charnel-house of the offer -1.. dons; Nothing more remains to be said or done ',, about George 1V., , but to pay—us pay we must— .; foe his profusion ; and to tern his bad example, to aome account, by tying up the hands of those who ... come after him, in what concerns the public money. At all events we shall always to the utmost of ou r krb! t 1 paver do our duty, and we think we aro trot likely to do it flinch ingly.-71mes. it. By the official despatches of General Bourmont, twhich we published yesterday, it appears that the Dey is a prisoner in the hands or under the protec ' don of the French, and that the victors have. stipu lated for nothing more but his personal safety, the • i i! protection of his family, and preservation of his pro l,' petty. The same promise extends to all the troops 1 ,of his Highness. They are to enjoy the liberty of t 0 ;,.. going where they please; and, while in Algiers, are t : •to be free from molestation. A solemn engagement , ; is likewise taken by the French General towards all the other inhabitants of the town, that their reli trim shall not be interfered with,—and that no at tempt shall be made to violate their personal liberty— no plunder their property—to interrupt their com :;,,' coerce--or to deprive them of the fruits of their in :.. dustry. These stipulations have been made, notir consequence of any formal negociatiort, nor do they ~,.. form articles in any regular convention, but are re. ~.i• presented as proceeding from the spontaneous hie "ohy, prudence, or justice of the conqueror. i r:,,, ~ Tuohy, importance to recollect this circumstance, ant no o b se rve how the inference to which it leads i „ ~t re„ g th e lle, l by the rejection of the terms o ff ered ii ,I the vanquished. The Dry , seeing et last that h e nhad no hopes of safety from the sea, winds, or tem pests,--from "plague, pestilence, or famine,"— [.. from the cannon of . his fertilisations or the valour ~- 2 of . his troops, offered to submit to the French, and to purchase further impunity by paying the A lt immense expenses of their armament. This con ( fessjon of defeat and tender of redress be ,', big instantly rejected, the victors are left in full , possession of all the rights of conque s t. Th ou g h the , Dey had been a rebel against his liege Lo rd, i'. , r Charles , e is..., and had submitted on the promise of r'., only life and protection to himself and his harem he mould not have been more completely stripped (for the time) of every vestige of sovereign power. Thus, ~ 4 in obedience to the instructions of his Government, i, gar from the de x t ero us suggestions of his own talent, 1 General Bourmont has left every political question i I:. ~ lespec!ing his conquest o p en f or f u t u re discussion !.; tat atij usttnent, without prejudice or embarrassment '• 10 th e Court of the Tuileries ' 0 the present capi. tulation, th e • towards the ett e ihin i i , tie w s ah e o any breach of faith. towards the people of Algiers, may either declare it a French colony—or restore it ,to the barbarous despotism of i late master---or z' 1 hand it over to the Paulus of E its , the Knights of St. John of Je g g s p h t t : confer it on s . St. Peter's patrimony, ate best suits e their or 1 11 1 ) d " t y' , tr their understanding with their elliiis aw' r ()lie ' • nit 300 years this important portion of'skr e i ( s ir a h ti ti m : i. lever boot in a similar situation with respect to Poy '• (Thristion Power. It has, indeed, been often co ' !tiered, but was never before occupied by th e vietorn; 1 , l l'he successful lama has always hitherto been made, ,1 with a naval force, and the conquerors satisfied didates, the treating, the flags, the cockades, all, these indicate, in a manner not to be misturdersteo 1,1 the abject position of the electors. It is a sort ofi new edition of feudal chiefs and their retainers. A i contemporary (the Globe) observed last night— • " The freeholders of counties and the vot , rs of populousi towns are very much at the mercy of the candidates who"! please to present themselves at the moment of the election. Up to that time, commonly, no ene knows who, as it is expressively termed, ' will start.' Sometimes a man is i elected solely because it is discovered at the twelfth hour that no one else will offer himself; sometimes because ~ there is a compromise between two candidates, by whicl, it often happens that the most unworthy even among un worthy claimants succeeds. If there is a Committee fur securing Mr. So-and-So's return, it is the Committee which is the creature and tool of the individual, and not the candidate who is the servant of the body of electors; and as these Committees are concocted in fraud or private - intrigue, their object is not to scrutinize the character in good time, or to exact pledges from the intended repre sentative, but to cover his defecti, to hold out false hopes, . to create an excitement about an unworthy object, to de ceive and to be deceived. 4 , They manage these things apparently better in France. The candidates are returned without espence and without solicit ition. The Deputies are really selected and chosen— not token merely because they offer themselves. The i Deputies are thus the representatives of the opinions of the electors. Nothing seems to depend on mere chance. Thel i French system, indeed, if a real representation is desirable, is too far superior to our medley aggregate of irregularities to g uide us to a conclusion as to what is practicable in England. But still much is due, by the confession of the 4 friends as well as the accusation of the enemies of the 4 " liberal patty, to the combinations which have existed for di- it appears from documents still extant, the recting the elections. It is to be recollected, too, that in .., abo t twelve Parliaments, of which knights, citi- France, though the electoral bodies are in general superior :1 u in composition to our own, they have had an immense body j zeris, and burgesses, were competent members, of influence, most vigorously directed, to overcome — and 4 were 61(101 by Edward, who, in spite of his they have completely overcome it. i r prejudices against De Montfort's innovations,, We are tempted, by an observation of what is done in . c France, and what is miserably neglected in England (at the ; discovered the policy of employing them to ren-' risk of adding to the quantity of good advice which is con :F der his ambitious projects acceptable to the tinually thrown away), to urge the formation of electoral peop l e , and to involve his nobility in the odium issociations or clubs in all counties and open places—not .; of his political crimes. One was assembled at temporary Committees to secure the return of this or that . • candidate, but permanent bodies, to prepare fur and secure Shrewsbury to sanction the murder of Prince the choice of fit members at all time , ," David of Wales. They succeeded each other In towns in which the electoral body is sufficiently •• with unwonted rapidity during the period of his costly and tthconscientious enterprises against large to be independent, much may certainly be . done by an union of the most respectable inhabitants. Scotland. The power of Parliament w a s thus But throughout the far greater number of the enlarged by this Monarch as by his successors, boroughs, the electors look to candidates merely .. ' not only to facilitate grants of money, but to with a view to the money they may spend. I! any .r, share harsh acts of government, and to introduce one wishes to improve himself in misanthropy he'. imiovations too daring to be hazarded by the cannot do better than apply to some gentleman of . known wealth, who is supposed desirous of entering • single arm of a wary tyrant. The compliance Parliament, for the inspection of the various over.. of Parliaments, perhaps as much as their inde lures made to him on the eve of an election, lie pendence, multiplied precedents favourable to will see so much of all that is base, all that is de- , their right of interposition in all public affairs. grading to our nature in the various schemes of ~ It is very uncertain when the regular division bodies of " free and independent electors" for pluck-. o of two houses occurred. At first it seem, from ing their candidates, that his wonder will be, how - i . s the various proportions of a subsidy contributed with su c h n base constituency the representation is different orders, that each of the three estates not worse than it is. Were. representation it new ..- l'Y thing among us, even the lowest and poorest amongst '-taxed their orders separately. In France the lis would be greatly shocked ut the prevailing else- . ..,... orders appear to have generally acted distinctly rion practice,. But the practices date from times •1 from each other. In Sweden and the Tyrol, when Englishmen were little better than slaves. A 4 where there seems to have been a fourth estate landlord led his tenants to Cie hustings as ke would i of three boors, each was distinct from the others.. drive his cattle to a fair. All that the electors cared ln Scotland the Parliament voted as one body ; for was, that they should be well treated, and re. .• in which it may be doubted whether the corn ceive a douceur for their vote. For these two inissioners for shires were not considered, in hundred years, Bills have been brought against - ~, rank at least, as a species of fourth estate.. 'lt .4 giving of entertainments of meat or d r ink, or giving money, or bargaining for elections to' Prah was not a- till the next reign that the knights of the .vent," and all to little purpose. The French, on shire began regularly to form one body with the the other hand, were not habituated to any such de- citizens and burgesses, sitting in a separate trading practices when they commenced their con- i imuse from that which was jointly occupied by .titutional career, and from the self-respect which'* the spiritual and temporal lords. many circumstances tend to foster among them, stances which probably produced this arrange there is little danger of their ever imitating what re. '; 11 ent have already been hinted as. much as the fleets so little honour on the people of England.— ~ ~1 . taints of an historical compend will-allow. The , %luch may be done, no doubt, by respectable people, sprung from it may be nuM . to shame the electors out of these practices, and to 'consequences which sun ~ t iftise higher principles among them. In Counties tiered among the most important and beneficial ',ea have our doubts whether much can be done by in the annals of mankind, and are almost equally Independent Committees. There are few Coun- ' observable as the . decisive example bow little ties, it is true, in which more of the landed remote consequences are placed beyond the and . reach of human foresight. It seems probable property does not belong to the middling smaller proprietors than to the large proprietors. But that all those who held land by military service so great is the deference of the smeller proprietors - from the crown, were distinguished from other and yeomanry, in England, to the great land molders. . but it will always be difficult to induce them to aci freemen ; and the charter of John requires them independently of the latter. Ou the other hee d s we' to be summoned to the great council with as doubt if a sufficient number of great landholders can . much regularity, though not with so stately a be obtained, to unite in order to return Member . courtesy, as the great barons. In process of time ..vho would support measures of rigid economy and they were collected into a body, which in some retrenchment. it the country ~ measure corresponded with the inferior nobility rauesirjames Gniiulmfor t gentlemen be ir pattern, s c o o m u e l could tit: os , tn e continental countries. The charters, and ' might be done.—/Iforning Chronicle. :, Another ancient statute, by prohibiting guardians -The grave bas closed over the mortal remains of 1 from disparaging their wards by wedlock with George the Fourth. We give in our columns to-day iiersons of inferior condition, seem to imply the existence of a body o f f reeme n in England, with Ample details of the melancholy but splendid care which consigned the ashes of our lute awl whom the milit a ry t enan ts could no more inter lamented Monarch to the tomb of Isis father'-. marry without degradation than the earls and • Never has a more interesting and mournfid spectaeli barons themselv e s. But when the burgesses, intermingled with the regal pride and antique glorie. : 'hut severed as a lower caste by the prohibition of Windsor its gloomy magnificence. There flu ,of marriage, were long united in the same cliam ereat arid illustrious of the land bad assembled to her with the progenitors of our modern gentry, 'tray the last tribute of regret to the memory of a 1 Prince who, but a few days since, ruled the demi- , engaged like them in taxation, and with them ,iies of an empire on which "the sun never Roe, ~ , . deriving. power : from representation, they re• down;" a Prince under whose auspices the peril. cane(' a lustre and vigour from these more ex ited associates, which corresponding bodies in that threatened the very existence of that empire had been converted into the proudest triumphs . iso other country had the like means of attain that British valour and wisdom ever achieved, ing. The influence of this junction, at first in or that time history of it great nation ever re- promoting the power of the Commons, and of corded for the admiration of post e rity, Endeared terwards in contributing to the cautious exercise as the House of Brunswick is to the people of this country, by the elevations of that family ' structure and spirit to the whole frame of the !o the Throne of these realms being identified with the cause of its independence and freedom, ' entitles it to be regarded as a sin• community, we ere riot surprised that the day which opened the gukarly important occurrence. The sons of tomb to one of the bravest and most fortunate Save- earls and barons sought an elective seat by the reigns of that race should be observed as a day of ' side of those lesser nobility, since called gentry, universal mourning, and hallowed with peculi a r some of whom had before touched them closely li, 'sorrow. Such was yesterday—the bustle of busi- • importance. The highestlostl, whose wedlock with nese had ceased in our streets—a decent stillness e: die daughter of a military tenant was not deemed ' and solemnity pervaded all public placee—the sliop were closed—the muffled bells pealed sit intervals 'i r disaragement, continued to contract such 'Allianc p es. On the other hand, the- knights must the impressive requiem —every where the nth , / ~nergies of worldly pursuits were suspended—every , have.or the industrious classes, whose representatives gradually . felt an abatement of their contempt where the signs of holy affliction met the eye, antt t touched the heart with a sense of mortality, and s shared, equally with themselves, the exercise of feeling of national bereavement, Gratifyi ng i n d ee d time highest functions of the state. That co mmit it be to a Kin g w ho mourned over time bier of operation and equality slowly effaced the broach his departed brother a nd Sovereign to know that In- ' distinction between the two bodies, whose June mingled his tears with the affectionate sorr o ws of a tion raised up a formidable ['louse of Commons, whole nation. Proud insist he be of the people he is receiving dignity from upon to govern,wimo, bearing a s t h ey d o an i n - . from the ties which bound one van of' them to its former exclusive possessors, vincible hatred to all despotic cont rou l, t h us ac k now . • and d • !edged, by the expression of their m an ly and gene- e l ect i ons , w hi c h t h at i ns tit u ti on , even i n it s in . roue sensibilities, the virtues of a constitutionnl. deriving a spirit and energy from popular Monarch. If William the Fourth requ i re d any hi l'"neYl could alone bestow. Such a House of dueetnent beyond what WO own h eart suggests to Commons were strong, not only by their legal cultivate those popular qualities which are the best power, but by their moral influence. It would ornament of a crown, the conduct of Ilse people of' have been but little to possess the power of the poor is the adulation which a tyr an t compe l s f rom a •,' to England on this occasion would s upp l y i t . II .: °" purse, if their arms bad not been strong enough nation of slaves, compared with t h en pontaneousl ir ulftetion which honours the hea r s e o f a Kin g grasp grasp and .to hold it. The third estate in ' some other countries bad the like authority at subjects were freemen I Wh e n we had the i- painful ~ en earlier period; but being composed solely of duty of announcing the death of o ut l ate M onarc h , : ' the the immature and slighted representatives oft the we touched upon those features of his character on industrious interests, they had too low a place in which Englishmen can with most satisfaction dwell. • general estimation to wield their privileges with or their subjects we leave to that assiduousr The failings of private life, whether in the case 0 1 effect. The whole of the class hitherto dis- Kingscountries, in-, dying bed, and invades the sanctuary of 'lie grave. and insatiable malevolence which hovers over the ' - tinguished, were in the continental ' separably mingled with their own immediate' Where there is much to admi re we may be eas il y 'superiors, the barons, and kept asunder from the forgiven if we are not pron e t o con d emns. The v i e , boundaries of' caste as impassible times of George the Fourth will be remembered when' as if the latter body had not been called to all the names of those who heaped detraction on his memory, ere his remains were cold, share of political power. If we may use an ex third estate by are covered pression in speaking of the thirteenth century, with the charitable silence of obli v i on , p r i n ces which is more applicable to later times, the third are from their earliest youth liable to peculiar temp- estate on the Continent was without any sprink tations. We deny not the errors and failings Iling of gentlemen. which we lament--but thoset will errors an d f a ili ng s / . be afterwards seen that this accession were accompanied by great and generous r i alitiee, • calculated to reflect lustre on a di a d em. and brightest memorials of pia reign q'he hest ;,of dignity moder a t e d th e p o li c y o f the English are wiseeiated tJcommons in recent times, as it had in the be 'with the arts that refine and embellish life an d thut : ginning raised their place in public estimation to 'found in him a munificent patron---Wth'charitiesthe level of their legal privileges. 1 the 'found which he was the liberal promoter—and with Its operation on the whole order of society ... . 'those brilliant achievethenti which, under the nus pices of his mild and splendid sceptre, rivalled the greatest exploits of ancient prowess, and, in such 'fields as those of Vittoria and Waterloo, more than revived the martial glories of Cressy and Agincourt. But though fortunate in war, beyond any Prince l of the House of Hanover, fifteen years of peace oattest that he preferred the tranquillity of his people, land the benignant influence of commerce and the; liars, to all the trophies of ensanguined renown.- 1 Morning Herald. iThe daily results of the French elections are 'mitt ns we anticipated eight days ago. The Opposition already muster 187 votes against 128 Maisterial ; and what cannot possibly fail to produce a great leffect on the remaining elections, all the bureaux in Paris have been overthrown by an immense majo lirity. At Pontoir the bureau was overthrown by 1140 votes out of 185 ; at Versailles the constitu tional majority was 300 votes out of 399: at Meitm 261 out of 346; and at Meaux 229 Out of 322. The P grand object of the Polignac Cabinet, therefore, tin the expedition against Algiers has completely failed. The elections have not been, in the slightest itlegree, influenced by it,. and the Cabinet must, Therefore, look out for new grounds of popularity before the meeting of the Chambers, or consent to g g ive way to one less suspected, and less odious, to dthe Fr ei.ch people.—Morning, Advertiser. HOUSE OF COMMONS. became in the course 'of centuries still more ?`. worthy of attention ; though, as it acted by opi niou rather than by law, 'it was neither easy to trace and measure its unfelt progress, nor in a' few words to describe its nature, and to afford clear proof of its insensible but extensive in fluence. Its source was evidently the Parlia linentary union of the lesser nobility with the burgesses, which could not fail in due time to • produce a correspondent union throughout so .eiety. In the reign of Edward 11. the fords be tween the• orders were so passable, that corn moners seem to have been called to the peerage. ,It was not till the time of Henry VI. that the word " gentleman . ' began to be used in some what of that modern sense which distinguishes. it legally from a nobleman, and Morally from an imeducated plebeian. In the farther stages of the progress heralds and genealogists began to complain of its indiscriminate application, while in their antiquarian pleasantry they represented ;, as being usurped by every idle and useless upstart. The principle of birth continued to lie at the foundation of the body of gentry, and lent to f every newly-received candidate some portion of a feeling which is so much mingled with the moralities of education, with the means of gene• rosity, and with lasting exemption from grievdeit and disreputable toil, that, except where it is counteracted by, jealousy, it never can fail, with or without the aid of legal privilege, to be on agreeable object of contemplation, whether in . our own possession or in that of others. But in the course of ages'the body gradually opcneo their arms to receive among them all men of li beral education and condition. It became pecies of voluntary aristocracy, which after some silent trial adopted every man who appeared to, be distinguished from the multitude. It was t bestowed neither by kings nor laws : and it was. only to be withdrawn silently, on strong appear ances that the delicacies and refinements of honour, which were imposed when the rank was granted, had been disregarded by some of its possessors. One of its last and most modern re sults was an unbroken chain of connexion ex tending from the steps of the throne to the lowest limit of liberal education. It would be easy to multiply examples of gentlemen of moderate fortune whose affinities and relationships now spread nearly to the opposite points. Distant as the extremities are, the'steps are 'in the inter mediate degrees short, and made without effort. Every accurate observer may easily convince him ,elf how much all the parts of the chain are fastened together by links more in number and strength than would at first be thought probable. The natural subserviency of this intermixture of interests and attachments to the quiet and harmony of the community, is too obvious to need illustration. Hence it in a great measure came to pass that the fiercest civil dissensions of after-times were not between orders, but between . parties, each of whom contained in itself a por ' tion of every order, checking the tendency of each other to extremities, and affording inducements to moderation as well as channels of compro mise. Hence perhaps also that extraordinary union of the principles of stability and advance ment which has enabled the British constitution to pass unbroken through so vast an extent oi' time and place ; to control an absolute monarch y m India ; and, after political separation, to wit ' ties.; its laws and institutions flourishing_amont. the North American democracies. Nothinl ;hors of a union of the most seemingly discor dant classes, linked together by ties too deep fel common observation, could fit it to be a bond of union between the most ancient times of which we have an account, and the most remote tutu rity which our imagination can anticipate.—Dr. „/ ardner's cabinet Cycloptedia, Vol. VIII. THOMAS-A-BECKET. dGENek.: la 4): 1 ° ,11 I )p l s o e c n i t u tt r arl ih ' , e hd a e e tt ee e:i r r e nn ° r i o t e d e l v 'n e j uue : n ia ‘ gdc w : r af ebil o ri t i e a t i t oo l ri t lll ol lediel Li 's star r g r ;r''myhi g, er , dB , ,el a : a ;jeta ti v l g n Pes v o , i'! d r a lueets ro i s iti° t Pai°''' i ' h iriLnb l 'i' r, ; e : taeS u cnnc er bt itm:ireet'lltioihil°nilenpilejedlere.di:o,°yrAgoinii;'srsolbric.4s:a6deactineotfintgtriFoetrtihi.uit.e°3o:adiegtoncloie.'inlien p l j.drm 71 1 or ef a f'b re r i I: ll : ge t s y.,l ' ii t.ct 0 1 h Walter, 1‘1.k r . 1 4 [in Clement 'vas elected ncr :TS. , CO% )F rr 1511 le up from her., cs and Towns 10,, '1: "8 ‘.15 " 1 : 1111:1 _ B l a n° - :;177:11 4: UNIVERSITY INTELLI, CAMBRIDGE, JULY 16.—A con\ in the Senate-House on Saturde: address tram this University to the* unanimously. Yesterd;y, being the day np funeral of our late most revered observed with due solemnity it The great bell of St. Mary's co early in the morning, and continue day, except during the time of divi Vice-Chancellor, Heads of Houses, resident members of the university Senate-House at eleven o'clock, al themselves in procession, left t, at the eastern door, when turn they proceeded along the south si, log through the cloisters under 0 , issued out of the square, entering' it the western door. On the p 1 the church doors a solemn dirg the congregation were seated. then read by the Senior Proctor, ill prayers by the Vice•Chancelli anthem composed by Dr. Blake, have set God always before ate,' and the solemn tones of the orga the strains of the choir, excite of devotion. The Vice-Chancel a very appropriate and impressive following words :—" The world the lust thereof." Ist Epistle of The appearance of so large a col for the most par; in deep mourn% the circumstance already related, mid imposing effect. The Rev. Frederick Smith, M Peter's college•, is appointed Mae in the Emit India college at flail he resignation of the Rev. On Wednesday last, Mr. Joh' ton, Scholar of king's College, was of that society. THE MARKS' GENERAL AVERAGE PRICE 0. 'or the Week ended July 9, 1930, m.ult of the Inspettnn in the diffkeent Cines and Wales, pet Imperial Quarter. Wheat...... Rio. ed. Oats ....... 275. 2d. flarley—. 31 s• Id. 1 Rye ............ 363. 9..1 IMPERIAL AGGREGATE AVERAGES or THE (77a. 2,1.1 Oats ....—.. afa. thi.l Rye ....—. 37a. Oa. DEITIES ON FOREIGN COI Oats 7s. 9d. Um. 4d.1 141. 9,1, SOUTHALL MARK ET.--Jull In this day's market, which exhibited about —1 time of year supply, and was modeiately well 7 , oth by London and country buyers , ea rl ' kind ° met with a steady sale, at the following pic Pe' A slb. to sink the iteef 33.4 d. to 4s, 44 I ( 1 1 ' tp , klutton 3 6 4 6 I Pork 3 Lamb 4s. 8.1. to bs. „,.4 The foregoing quotations are, Beef, r u tMtton, and i:' stone higher, Veal W. per stone lowe an on I lo ,e night Beast Beasts, 143 ,• Sheep and Lambs, 3,456; Calves.. IW.—A cons amble number of the Sheep and L.aml of the Beasts , Pigs, end Calves, left the market t IL\ I ISHAM MARKET. —July 14 041.0 . tleer----. 3s. 4d. to 4s. Ocl. I 4s. 3 6 4 4 1 Pork u iufrrwr .tuck. Lamb 4s. N. t°sl l---' 6l. " A great supply; trade very dull, especially with uu Ally ed. ND4ll 4 .. Mutton 0.0~0 3 0 4 4 I 0 0 A Lanib .......••••••••••000 41/• to 5.. 114. A. good supply, and a slugg CHICHESTER Al ARK EL-4 111 11 4 4.1 33.11,1. to 45.011. I Veat........••••••• 0 Mutton 3 0 4 Laird I ed. to 56. In Lean Stock but little doing. Supply goodt RUMFORD MARKET. —July IL st. d. los. d. i Reef— ........... 2 8 310 Veal ilutton . 10 4 0 Pork ......... ..t.O" • ra"oal-- M. Bd. to 4s.laigol Melding Calves from 14s. to ; Quarter old 1 1 0•7 A good supply, and a dull trade.' ETS DU RI NO 1116 COUNTRY CORN I+IARKE'fB DURI III- 1 I Wheat. Barley. ° *ts ' 1 • Per Quarter. 1. to a. 1. a. S. to I. Illandford . Urigg.....—.............. 66 70 30 33 -- tit 23 :autbridge--.....—. 71 -- —• 10 Chard 56 70 32 as 04 tiuntingdon.......... 58 99 &2 Is ti.s Long &atom...-. 02 78 37 30 23 tI S ..outh. 6O r, a/ % Oa la 20 84 LorLOW011.4.1.000•100 ..''' • 98 33 ...... 70 '77 24 34 24 st. Newark ................... Nottingham....... 619 75 25 30 3° N . . ) Peterborough .--. 52. 70 37 40 18 03 ;1ym0uth.............. 58 72 28 33 22 ILI, ..1 ilearonl ............-. 70 78 23 36 21 r Uivingham .......... 76 78 22 30 53 26 a. 0 Wiabeeh,.............. 60 74 -- W ___,„ This child of love and wonder was beaulitc brave, lively, even lettered ; and we must nc4 wonder that he plunged into the parade and dissipation of the noble companions who con descended to receive him among their friends. He appears to have been originally made pro• vost of Beverly, before Theobald had prevailed on the King to make him Archdeacon of Can terbury, and subsequently Chancellor. HI, manners and occupations, his pursuits, Isis imiserrynte, were eminently worldly. Wheil Henry told him that he was to be Archbishop of Canterbury, he smiled at the metamorphosis: when spoken to more earnestly, he appears to, have agreed with all other men in thinking that the choice could only have arisen fiomj Henry's confidence in him as a blind instru-1 meat in his expected contests with the church. Honour alone was, perhaps, enough to call up a sudden blush at so degrading a reliance. Do not appoint me, Sir, I entreat you. You place me in the only office in which I may be obliged no longer to be your friend." Thus far his deportment was manly ; what followed is more ambiguous. He immediately dismissed his splendid train, cast off his magnificent ap• parel, abandoned sports and revels, and lived with fewer attendants, coarser clothes, and ,cantier food, than suited the dignity of his station. That extraordinary changes suddenly manifest themselves, especially in a lofty am. susceptible spirit like that of Becket, is certainly true ; and it is evident, on a merely human view of the subject, that personal honour might have quickly revived the sense of professional decorum, and led rapidly to the simple conclu sion, that the only sure way of appearing to be good is by being so in truth. A. man of deci. save character might seek to secure himself from relapse by flying to the opposite extreme in his outward deportment. It is not to be certainly 'pronounced, that either the subsequent violence o f his policy, or the gross inconsistency of seine parts of his conduct with his professions, deci sively excludes the milder construction of his motives. Moderation is the best pledge of sin cerity, but excess is no positive proof of hypo crisy. Though those who suddenly change die 'whole system of their conduct have most need of candour, they are by no means at all times the foremost to practise it. But the conduct of Becket has too much, the appearance of being the policy of a man who foresaw that he was about to carry on war, as the leader of a religious party ; and that it was necessary for him to as sume that ostentation of sternness, and displayl of austerity, which the leaders of such parties' have ever found to be the most effectual means of securing the attachment of the people, and of inflaming their passions against. the common enemy. • Religion might oven acquire a place ii' his mind which she had not before ; but it wn so alloyed by worldly passions, that it is impos- DIED. sible for us to trust on any occasion to th e purity Hoftsy, Esq. On the 15th inst. Emma Felicity, bughte l of his motives. The common objects of vulgai On the 11th inst. in Poland-street, JO*: ambition were undoubtedly sacrificed by Becket. Page of the P resence to his late BlajestYt 3 1 0 He lost high office and unbounded f avour . H e On the 13th inst. John Walker, Esq.,,p, preferred to them dominion over th e m i n d s o f street, and of Stydd•hall, D Temple. erhyshire, a " men, and the applause of the wh o l e l e tt ere d past lion. SO' ciety of the ?diddle Europe.—Dr. Lardner's (7 yc.. Cabinet _1 opit-' Paw ÜBLISIISP ST I "R D° !dia, Vol. VIII. Till SUN OPTIC', 112, STAAND___,,, 19 LEEDS CORN SIA It KET.—July The supply of Grain has been small to this& set. Sines my last the weather has b een eery! nit to-day is fine. Fresh Wheat may be noted „ser quarter higher than last Tuesday, and the sad inferior Is. to 2s. higher, but not free oak, buy sparingly of the stale and inferior Wimples. ' Barley has been enquired after, and fetches molt Good fresh Oats id. to Id. per stone higher. :s. per load higher. Good Beans Is. to 2s. r ,higher.. Peas nominal. Malt la. per load big 'Rapeseed no alteration. Wheat, Norfolk and Stall,lk 60Ib. ........... 51„14' --- York. and Lincoln.' 601 b... ."." 44 ' ........ ilarley, Norfolk and Suflblk ....... ................ ........... 0,..110•• Yorkshire and Lincolnshire ..... Grinding Sean* ...... gotb. O l. tats, rotatoe --Waling, Foreign Ilki t0747.......1711.67.1.&i. to ° 11.. 10376 ' dapeseed, English, 27/. 0 -4 ern, LIVERPOOL CORN IiXCHANGn The weather, which at present is almost the the Corn market, was this morning finer and ompared wills the excitement of the previous " tuiet. There were fewer country millers St I ° might have been expected, and the sales WO 'eta An advance of 441. to ad. per bushel 4 was, however, sustained,; and for Oats, which of ugly scarce, a further improvement reape d' lone in bonded Wheat or Flour. WHEAT. English, White, per 701 b. ......... .. 10 Red . . --.. Scotch Welch, and Mane ... ...... lO 0 Irish. ' White 0 0 Red ---- Foreign 4lO l i, - :.)rns, English, Welsh. and Scotch, per 451 b 4 3 Foreign .* 0 Osautv, English, Melting, per Imp. quarter - a ----. Scotch and Irish, per 6011. a. • 5 a 0 Feeding 40 0 deems English, per Imperial quarter 4l 0 —.—.: Irish, &c. Foreign 46 t'SAIR, English, per Imperial quarter .i.— Foreign I , l.otia, English, per 2§olll. &I ° Irish .„..... 047146 AL, English and Irish, per 0401hs. i NOUN CORN, per 4401 b. ................ Rye, per Imperial quarter •••••• No ........ ... 60 0 slat.; per Imperial quarter I meow'. or (3 ma IN for the Week ending J °l / Wheat. „ l . oats, Barley Flour. . cc) Qrs. the. Qrs. 11 Foreign, BTIL IMN 14,076 650 3,160 11,001 1 _...., BIRTHS. Oa the 13th inst. the lady of Wm. Markba l Ikcca Hall, in the county of York; of a:s On the 13th inst. at Eastbourne, the lady Gordon, of a daughter. On the 14th inst. at Hammersmith, the la Ainslie, Esq., of Calcutta, of a son. MARRIED. On the 15th inst. at Chiselhurst, Jame* 11 :1 J. H. Spry, Esq., of Charterhouse-sq uare , to ,of the former place. On the 13th inst. at Ruscombe, Berko! 1 lyoungelt son of Mr. Lowden, at Thames Dito to Sarah, yo unge st daughter of Mr. CUlie i former place.