The Sun. — London, England, 1863-11-04 00:00:00

1 111 E TH4 kl US EMBANKMENT, li patient and, long-suffering publi c w ill pro b'.bly not be disr . Teased to learn th a t a real, actual, beginning hail at length b een made in the great practical me tropo r I tan work of e m b an ki ng the northern side of the Thames. A very long time since, a so rt of feint was made by the sinkin g o f a f ew miserable -looking piles in groups of three, along a portion of the route, bat these were merely very early preliminaries, a n d hed so long rema i ne d stationary and desolate that the promenaders on the bridges had at length ceased even to bestow a passing glance on them. Yesterday's proceedings were, however, of a very different character, and although they were, only a beginning, and a small one, they firmstituted a movement of the right sort. The ay.st of the great caissons which are to stud the r',ver on its northern side between - Westminster and. "Waterloo bridges, and within which the sea -wall is to be made, was shipped yes terday morning in pieces from the factory at Dept ford, on baard several barges, and carried up to the immedia`..e neighbourhood of the railway bridge at Charing-cross, where it is to be sunk, and within it the actual work of the embankment will forthwith be commenced. It was only very recently that the contract for the first portion o f the works, namely those of the embankment be .ween Westminster and Waterloo bridges, was " let oat" to Mr- Furness, but it would appear that since then there has not been much to coraplain of on the score of loss of time. About five of these great caissons, the first of whieh arrived P,t its destination yesterday, will have to be let down into the river, over the whole length of this portion of the work, and within each the building of the sea wall will be executed. The mode of pro. ceeding will be something as follows :—The faun, dation (within the caisson) will be scooped out by machines technically called " misers," connected by a long shaft with steam power working a b ove the surface of the water. The diving-bell will then be brought into requisition to lay the concrete and put in the masonry, and when the caisson is full of solid work it will be taken off piecemeal, and again sunk a little further on on the line. The same process will be carried on in the five caissons simultaneously, and in this manner a solid aea wa l l will be gradually ' erected throughout the whole distance. When this h a s been done, and the water has been permanently excluded, the work of excavation within the wall will commenc e; and it will be heavy work, for room has to be I.nade for two erections, both of great im portance, a n d involving an immense amount of labour irl their construction. Down deep in the concrete the great sewer which is to receive all the drain.ege of the north side of London is to be im bedded, and above it will be the subway" of the embrAnkment, for the reception of the gas and water pipes of the district. Within this space and towards the shore there will be a very large Space still unappropriated, but the general impres sion is that it will ultimately be made available for a subterranean railway. The commence ment of the works at this period of the year, al though attended as it must be by short days and broken weather, may on the whole be considered as being rather fortunate than otherwise, as it must give a great deal of employment to the labouring classes at a season when the other sources of out door metropolitan employment are apt to be very mrich diminished. A long period has intervened between the time when 3lartin, the painter of "Belshazzar's Feast," first sketched out his wondrous design for an embankment of the Thames, and the day when the first caisson was brought up the river from Deptford. During the interval artists of note and engineers of skill devised plan after plan, but without producing any practical result, until at last the Metropolitan Board of Works discovered that they could not carry out their great scheme of drainage without seriously disturbing the traffic of the Strand and its neigh bourhood, and they determined upon embanking the Themes, in order that within the new work they night build their great main sewer, and thus avoid disturbing and suspending a great portion of the trade of Western London for an indefinite period. The work, which may be said practically to have commenced yesterday, will extend only from West minster to Waterloo Bridge; the second portion of the embankment—namely, that laying between the latter bridge and Blackfriars—not having as yet been contracted for. It will, in fact, be a continua tion of the embankment which already runs along the river front of the Houses of Parliament, and the reader will, by recollecting that terrace, be able to form an adequate idea as to the elevation and gene ral appearance of the future esplanade. At Westminster there will be a new steamboat pier, harmonising in general design with the bridge, but the approach to the embankment (which at this point will be 100 feet wide, and four feet above high water) will be from the east side of Bridge street. The embankment will thence run along the river, striking the first brick pier of the Charing cross Railway bridge and on to 'Waterloo, passing in its course at the rear of Montague House, of which the public will have a lively recollection in consequence of the preposterous claim set up by its noble owner to " stop the way " of the entire Public to suit his own ideas of aristocratic seclu tiou, and the animated discussion, which the said claim gave rise to in Parliament. It was rumo ure d „..` the tim e that th e ma tt er was t o b e comprom i se d t he purchase of the house for Government Purb stil r Z . but such is not the fact. His grace ha _ Ins his noble town mansion, and, as we are „ Ja b al:l Z to add, improved, not injured, by the gar d e , s ' t 4 te t; Montague House has at present a water, and t° this a hundred feet down to the dred feet of this will be added another hun present garde reclaimed la n d, lyi ng b e t ween t h e This pace his gi v . i a u z ll and the proposed road wa y. so as proposes to plant with qu i c k growing tree s , a sufficient scre en il a 'eery few years to inte r p ose passing public. prowee)). his premises and the e mbankment will Charing- cross -b r id ge t h e preserve its t ottriginal breadth until it reaches Waterloo-brid ge, w ith which we at present e of the work done, deal. Within this limit there is plenty t o be ue, provided the provisions of the Act of Paella desce nt .3 e e t. approach a f b a e f f u r t o l h l m y e There is to be a carried out. is Westminster -bridge, which is rom which th embankment, and f e foot in 80. eTh-"eellt is to be at a gradient on site the Horse Gu e a r r e d ia to be an approach from ° f a at-White -80 feet wide, and a bi g 4 level hall, by a roadwopaypo g i t n o t t le;:tet, p lace approaches o o a e l h V e e s l 1 at i n street from Whitehall from which there will be eachto gradient the embankment roadway, t i n e. feature of the d es i gn 1 in 42. A very interesting will be the laying out of the. r eclaimed land i n front of the Whitehall and Charl oo g-ck as well whenross approache s in gardens, which, if they only finished as they now do in the coloured plans, will prove a very great metropolitan attraction. These gardens will be raised 16 feet above the river side roadway, in order to keep them on a level the with the ground at the back, and, under them, facin g river, will be a handsome row of shops °P"ing: on the terrace. Independently, however, of the t re claimed land thus disposed of, there will be a gr ea t number of pet corners and nooks of large pecuniary value, and it will require great vigilance on the part of the public, whose money has paid for them, and to W h om they properly belong, to prevent them being lobbed away or otherwise appropriated by private hseieideels. [ADVE RTIFIEIII -- F. liver, and atemu — r-]—Consumption, all nervous, bilious, gravatel a nr i acro v i e eomplaints, in every stage, are only ag perfeeLly curable b r!_ted by drugs of every description, but Arabica Fond , as proved Fsarry's health restoring' Revalenta by thousands of case; which had been considered hop e i Miss Lange, to y ears ot " a ' n. We quote a few.—Cure No. 62,914. i i ,e e , cured after the medical men had abandoned all hopes of recovery from the last stage of Itarful cough, pulmonary consum p t ion ii vvi o r od exhaustion, spitting of expectoration, thank God, a perfectly emaciated to a skeleton. sh; ll)senirlrations, hollow cheeks, blooming, fleshy girl,—Nwl healthy, spitting ..oberts, of Frimley Police. Cure, No. 43,270. Mr. Jaio, l ' s an i ,:; - e, Commissaire de thirty years' diseased lungs Cure, No. 47 121 Miss Surrey, of partial deafness.—'-- derangeMent. and Elizabeth Jacobs, of . extreme nervousness, h i ' di ' --s ' gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure, gestton, 54,816. 'I be Rev. James T. Campbell, r„kenham No. , Norfolk of indigestion and tor p idity of the liver, which ha d resisted ' all medical treatme nt. In tins, 11b, 2s 9d; 21b, 48 6 c l ; st lis ; 121 b, 225; 241 b, 40s. Barry du Barry and C 3., No . n ' Kegent-street, London ; also Forman and Mason; and a ll grocers a nd cheinpo in every town of the United Kingdom. THE GALE, IThe gales have proved most disastrous to the fleet of , steam-ships which are employed in the cattle trade between the several foreign ports of the North of Europe and London. Most of these steamships are strongly built vessels. Their departure from Hamburg, Tonning, Dordt, Rotter dam, and other foreign ports of the North of Europe, is so arranged that they arrive in the Thames in the course of Saturday and Sunday, so that their cattle and sheep may be at the London mar k e t on th e M on d ay . A fleet of some 10 or 12 of them left the above ports in the course of Thursday, and on making their course across the North Sea they encountered the gales in all their severity. The Chevy Chase, which came up the river early on Monday, was thrown on her beam ends, and, and remained so, it is stated, for nearly a quarter of an hour with a heavy s ea breaking over her. At one moment it was feared that she would not right. When she did so it was found that a number of her cattle had been washed overboard. The Pilot steamer, from Hamburg, lost nearly the whole of her living cargo. She had on board between GOO and 700 pigs, and upwards of 500 of them are reported to have been drowned or suffocated in the hold. It is stated that she had a most difficult task to reach the port, so high WaS the sea that swept over her. The storm having in some way ' moderated, the crew were enabled to get at the dead pigs' and throw them overboard. The Tiger steamer, from Tonning, also lost a number of her cattle, Her non-arrival for a time created much anxiety, but it has been ascer tained she is safe. The Blenheim, cattle steamer at Har wich, has also suffered from the gales. A telegram from Lowestoft announces that the steamer Roland reached that port yesterday from Hamburg, The Germania steam. ship left Twining on the 29th ultimo with a full complement of cattle on board, and nothing has been heard of her since. It was hoped that some tidings would have been heard of her putting back:to Cuxhaven or some other port, but no intelligence has been received concerning her. It is possible that she may have been driven to an extreme northern port. The Helena, from the north, coal laden, bound to the Medway, is reported to have sunk in the Cecklegat, near Yarmouth, and only the master and one man have been saved, In the course of Sunday night a large Austrian brig, called the Anna Maria, from Buenos Ayres for London, loaded with hides, was totally lost on the Girdler sands in making her way to the Thames. The crew are reported to I have been saved. The stotm appears to have told with most disastrous effect upon the shipping off the Dutch and Danish coast, and many wrecks are reported, some of them being English vessels. CHATHAM, Tuesday Evening. The storm which raged so furiously over this port and neighbourhood from Friday to Sunday, when it abated, broke out again last evening, the wind, which during the day had been moderate, veering round from the southward to the north. Owing, however, to the precautions taken by the masters of vessels the casualties in the harbour and at the Nore were none of them serious. At Saxton-street, New Brompton, the roofs of two houses were carried away by the falling of a heavy stack of chimneys, and in Paget street, adjoining, the exposed end of a house was completely blown cut, The effects of the gale were severely felt at the Nore, A portion of the railway terminus at Sheerness was blown away, and considerable damage occasioned. The roof of the newly-erected Soldiers' Institute at Sheerness was also injured. This evening the weather is moderate, with a light breeze from the southward. The barometer has risen to 3065, and there is every appearance that the gale has subsided. PORTSMOUTH, Tuesday. Admiral Fitzroy's warning storm signal yesterday after noon was followed by another violent gale during the night, accompanied with rain. The barometer from 10 a.m. yes terday until 10 a.m, to-day rose from 28.95 to 2990. This morning the storm has gone down, and the wind has veered round to W. by S. It has been moderately fresh, with a continuous drizzling rain. This forenoon the barometer drooped 2-10ths, but it now shows an inclination to rise again. The Belgian brig Antwerpen, from Buenos Ayres fcr Antwerp, put in here to-day for medical aid for the cap tain, who had his shoulder dislocated in the gale on Satur day off Start Point. The captain (who has been brought ashore) reports having experienced excessively heavy weather in the Channel 7 p.m.—The Prussian bark Wilhelm, Captain Lonnies, from Sundswall for Bordeaux, has put into Spithead with her rudder split and other damages. GREAT YARMOUTH, Tuesday. A terrific gale from the S.W. burst over this town on Monday night. The wind blew with immense force, and considerable damage has been done in this locality by the uprooting of trees and injury to the roofs of houses. The fleet in the roadstead, however, was uninjured, although there was a heavy sea, especially on the Scroby Sands, in the offing. Several vessels, with loss of spars, bowsprits, masts, and leaky, have been towed in here and at Lowes toft this morning. The fishing-boat seen bottom upwards is believed to have belonged to Gorleston. At noon to-day the crew of the Prudence, schooner, Captain Larraman, of Whitstable, for Rochester, with coals, from Seaham, were landed at the Sailors' Home. This vessel was caught in the gale off the Dudgeon, all her sails were blown to shreds, she made water and the crew took to the pumps. The leak gained so rapidly that the crew were compelled to take refuge in their boat. They were picked up by the brig Caroline, of Colchester, and landed here in a destitute con dition. Lo wnsTorr, Monday. The steamship Tonning, Captain George Rivers, and the City of Norwich, Captain John Moore, both from Tonning with cattle for the metropolitan markets, put into this har bour on Monday for refuge. They left Tonniag at 10 p.m, on Thursday, and at 7 p.m. on Friday, when about 20 miles off Schelling, the wind shifted to the westward, and came on to blow with fearful violence the whole of that night, Satur day, and Sunday. They rode out the storm gallantly, but owing to the length of the gale and the rolling of the vessels, their cargoes suffered severely, and on their putting in here a large number both of cattle and sheep were dead, and the remainder injured. From inquiries made on board we find the Tonning has about 185 head of cattle dead or otherwise severely injured, and the City of Norwich about 175 ; while the dead and injured sheep on board both vessels number about 200. A large number of English and French fishing boats are seeking refuge in the inner harbour, and the weather is still unsettled. • HOLY/LEAD, Monday night. A very strong gale came on here this morning, blowing from W. to N., which is the most dangerous quarter for the large number of vessels lying in the roads. About 10 o'clock this morning the bark William Sinclair, from Newry to Cardiff in ballast, owing to some deran4ement in her anchor.. ing tackle, drifted from her position, but as she happened to have a pilot on board she was run on the Penrhos beach, where she lies dismasted. The mail steamer this morning kept her time remarkably well, though, owing to the ex. posed situation of the landing stage, half an hour was con sumed before she could get alongside. SHIELDS, Tuesday Morning. We yesterday experienced the most severe gale we have had from the N.E. this season. It blew with great violence from an early hour in the morning until 10 last night, when the wind suddenly jumped round to N.W., and the storm gradually abated. To•day the weather is remarkably fine upon the Northumberland coast and the sea is going down. A number of light and laden vessels ran into the Tyne for shelter yesterday, and all got in with safety. The Tyne Commissioners greatly improved Shields harbour by dredg ing in the summer, and the deep water at the mouth of the Tyne was found to be of immense value yester.. day to shippiag, and no doubt was the means of saving both property and life, virtually making the port for the time a harbour of refuge. The only casualty that has occurred north of the Tyne is the loss of the Lion, laden schooner, which was driven to the northward, lost her masts in the gale, and foundered. Her crew were saved by a steamboat. A number of laden vessels sailed from the Tyne on Sunday, and very considerable anxiety prevails lest some of them should have been overlapped by the sea and have foundered. The steamships from London have arrived here to-day. Several screg colliers were observed yesterday and the day before at anchor in roadsteads along the coast, sheltered from the storm. LEITH. . The screw steamship Vienna arrived in Leith from Ham l',_'l:l3 on Saturday afternoon. She encountered a dreadful a. t , rticane on the passage, but more particularly on Friday, 4(' (I4 Y after leaving Hamburg, when the vessel was in no little Buff ,d a nger. There were 22 prime oxen on board, which whi Z a l l r ti e l atly on the voyage. Several of them were killed, careas ttle n , hod t : conveyed to th e others were more or less injured, and some of sea of tuilnosaeble to walk. The living animals and the as t h ey vvere be killed before being removed from the ship, taken there slaughtered on board of the ship were skinned and dresewed"e Leithali slaughter-house, where the animals slaughtered and all the carcasses with the view of asee T t l , bsequently an inspection was m a d e , were suitable for h ttihte :Vng how many of th e carcasses of others were condenmed: lc 4 and seven of the m an d parts 'lie cattle were by a foreign gentleman, an d the ; su stained by him, shipped we under neethel? the steamer Osborne, stand, will be above £2OO. from Rotterdam to Captain Mackie, was on th e p ili ' ner with signals of Leith, those onabbooaurtdld7isracouveesreda''aßsage at the time was very a boat was . to the disabled the Lemon Tower running. On n e • 8 verY stormand dßank.ist distress s flying,weatherTveas heavy sea nearin g the vessel y a launched from the Osborne, which proceeded , eight in tiu The schooner turned out to be the Lion of London, J vessel, and at much risk took cir the crew ,bound from Shields with a , ' James Lunisden, _ , . ar o ef , a . At the time she cvmi discovzTed, she was lying h t the trough of the sea dismasted, with everything and the crew in a state of extutu3tation from working tn,, pumps. The men were taken to Leith by the Osborne, and will be forwarded to their homes by the Shipwrecked Mariners' Society.—Seetsman. TRURO, Monday Afternoon. For the past three nights the storm was very severely felt in Cornwall. In numerous instances wheat and other stacks have been blown down, and the quantity of grain in the straw which has been scattered will cause many farmers severe loss. Scores of fine old timber trees, within five miles of Truro, have been literally torn up by the roots. The rain has descended in torrents, and hail has fallen larger in size and quantity, a n d w i t h grea t er f orce t h an i s recollected to have been the case for years. Scores of panes of glass h s . i s a ,v e _e ra b b E i c e n d b aui re a k , e e n. To-day the weather has been no calmer. T . 2 ,5 the wind is blowing a perfect gales, and the rain is ' ul ligheavily. The shipping the coast on has sustained con siderable , but no total accident has been reported. THE SIJN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMI3ER, 4, 1863. Treaty of Commerce with Italy, (From the Lon-don Gazette.) The following is the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between her Majesty and the King of Italy, which was signed at Turin on the 6th of August, 1863, and the ratifications of which were exchanged at London on the 29th October, 1863: In the name of the Most Holy and Indivisible Trinity. Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and his Majesty the King of Italy, being desirous of extending and facilitating the relations of commerce between their respective dominions and subjects, have resolved to conclude a treaty for that purpose, and have named as their respective plenipotentiaries, that is to say:_ Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, &c., Sir James Hudson, Knight Com mander of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, her Majesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten tiary to his Majesty the King of Italy; And his Majesty the King of Italy, Giovanni Manna, Senator of the Kingdom, Grand Officer of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus, Minister Secretary of State for Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce ; Who, after having communicated to each other their re spective full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following articles : Art. I—There shall be between all the dominions and possessions of the two high contracting parties, reciprocal freedom of commerce and navigation. The subjects of each of the two contracting parties, respectively, shall have liberty freely and securely to come, with their ships and cargoes to all places, ports, and rivers in the dominions and possessions of the other to which other foreigners are or may be permitted to come, and shall, throughout the whole extent of the dominions and possessions of the other, enjoy the same rights, privileges, liberties, favours, immunities, and exemptions in matters of commerce and navigation which are or may be enjoyed by native subjects generally. Art. 2—No other or higher duties shall be imposed on the importation into the dominions and possessions of her Britannic Majesty of any article the produce er manufac ture of the dominions and possessions of his Majesty the King of Italy, from whatever place arriving, and no other or higher duties shall be imposed on the importation into the dominions and possessions of his Majesty the King of Italy of any article the produce or manufacture of her Britannic Majesty's dominions and possessions, from what ever place arriving, than are or may be payable on the like article, the produce or manufacture of any other foreign country ; nor shall any prohibition be maintained or im posed on the importation of any article the produce or ma nufacture of the dominions and possessions of either of the contracting parties into the dominions and possessions of the other, which shall not entirely extend to the importa tion of the like articles being the produce or manufacture of any other country. His Majesty the King of Italy further engages that he will not prohibit the importation into his dominions and possessions of any article the produce or manufacture of the dominions and possessions of her Britannic Majesty, from whatever place arriving. Art. 3—No other or higher duties or charges shall be imposed in the dominions and possessions of either of the contracting parties, on the exportation of any article to the dominions and possessions of the other, than such as are or may be payable on the exportation of the like article to any other foreign country ; nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the exportation of any article from the dominions and possessions of either of the two contracting parties to the dominions and possessions of the other which shall not equally extend to the exportation of the like article to any other country. Art. 4—The subjects of one of the contracting parties shall enjoy, in the dominions and possessions of the other, equality of treatment with native subjects in all that relates to the transit trade, and also in regard to warehousing, bounties, facilities, and drawbacks. Art. s—All articles which are or may be legally im portable into the port or dominions and possessions of her Britannic Majesty in British vessels may likewise bo im ported into those ports in Italian vessels without being liable to any other or higher duties or charges, of whatever deno mination, than if such articles were imported in British vessels ; and reciprocally, all articles which are or may be legally importable into the ports of the dominions and pos sessions of his Majesty the King of Italy in Italian vessels may likewise be imported into those ports in British vessels without being liable to any other or higher duties or charges, of whatever denomination, than if such articles were imported in Italian vessels. Such reciprocal equality of treatment shall take effect without distinction, whether such articles come directly from the place of origin or from any other place. In the same manner there shall be perfect equality of treatment in regard to exportation, so that the same export duties shall be paid, and the same bounties and drawbacks allowed, in the dominions and possessions of either of the contracting parties, on the exportation of any article which is or may be legally exportable therefrom, whether such ex portation shall take place in Italian or British vessels, and whatever may be the place of destination, whether a port of either of the contracting parties or of any third power. Art. 6—No duties of tonnage, harbour, pilotage, light house, quarantine, or other similar or corresponding duties, of whatever nature, or under whatever denomination, levied in the name or for the profit of Government, public func tionaries, private individuals, corporations, or establish ments of any kind, shall be imposed in the ports of the dominions and possessions of either country upon the vessels of the other country which shall not equally and under the same conditions be imposed in the like cases on national vessels in general. Such equality of treatment shall apply reciprocally to the respective vessels, from whatever port or place they may arrive, and whatever may be their place of destination. Art. 7—ln all that regards the stationing, loading, and unloading of vessels in the ports, basins, docks, roadsteads, harbours, or rivers of the dominions and possessions of the two countries, no privilege shall be granted to national ves sels which shall not be equally granted to vessels of the other country ; the intention of the contracting parties being that in this respect also the respective vessel shall be treated on the footing of perfect equality. Art B—The contracting parties agree that, in regard to the coasting trade, the vessel and subjects of each contract ing party shall enjoy, in the dominions and possessions of the other, the same privileges, and shall be treated in all respects in the same manner as national vessels and native subjects. The provisions of this Article shall, however, as re spects the colonial coasting trade, be deemed to extend only to the coasting trade of such of the colonial possessions of her Britannic Majesty as may have petitioned or may here after petition her Majesty, under the provisions of the Act relating thereto, to throw open their coasting trade to foreign vessels. Art, 9—All vessels which, according to British law, are to be deemed British vessels, and all vessels which according to Italian law are to be deemed Italian vessels, shall for the purposes of this treaty be deemed British and Italian vessels respectively. Art. 10 —The contracting parties agree that in all matters relative to commerce and navigation any privilege, favour, or immunity whatever, which either contracting party has actually granted, or may hereafter grant, to the subjects or Citizens of any other State, shall be extended immediately and unconditionally to the subjects or citizens of the other contracting party, it being their intention that the trade and navigation of each country shall be placed, in all respects, by the other on the footing of the most favoured nation. Art. 11—Any import duty levied ad valorem in the terri tories of his Majesty the King of Italy shall be calculated on the value at the place of production or fabrication of the object imported, with the addition of the cost of transport, insurance, and commission necessary for the importation into Italy, its dominions and possessions, as far as the port of discharge. For the levying of these duties the importer shall make a written declaration at the Custom-house, stating the value and description of the goods imported, with the addition aforesaid. It the Custom-house authorities shall be of opinion that the declared value is insufficient they shall be at liberty to take the goods on paying to the importer the price declared with an addition of 5 per cent. This payment, together with the restitution of any duty which may have been levied upon such goods, shall be made 15 days following the declaration. Art. 12—The subjects of each of the contracting parties shail have, in the dominions and possessions of the other, the same rights as native subjects in regard to trade-marks and designs of every description applicable to articles of manufacture. Art. 13—It shall be free for each of the contracting parties to appoint Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and consular agents to reside in the towns and ports of the dominions and possessions of the other. Such Consuls- General, Consuls, Vice• Consuls, and consular agents, how ever, shall not enter upon their functions until after they shall have been approved and admitted in the usual form, by the Government to which they are sent. They shall exercise whatever functions and enjoy whatever privileges, exemptions, and immunities are or shall be granted there to Consuls of the most favoured nation. Art. 14—The subjects of each of the contracting parties conforming themselves to the laws of the country 1. Shall have full liberty, with their families, to enter, travel, or reside in any part of the dominions and posses sions of the other contracting party. 2. They shall be permitted to hire or possess the hou; es , manufactories, warehouses, shops, and pretuLes vilic:4 Ludy be necessary for them. or prolphezys,hoarllinnroetspbe.eestuobtj or establis They may carry on their commerce, either in person I:ll4l°i4aallt orb4.y_any agents whom they may think fit to employ. p ec as t, sp in or r ts e , s i p i , s e e e t nc o e f s their persons od u' s s t t s ry o , r t o o bil a l4lll;nita,),nor la respect of their commerce or in those wgalitiie°lli,o7hether general or local, nor to itu thanany kind whatever, other or greater jests. re or may be imposed upon native sub- Art. 15—The subjects of in the dominions and Possessions ?f the other shall be ex whetherservice whatever, Judicial or muni- Ti a a . rd or militia. jell contributions. ca; phaer ishall‘in ob t a h e s e e w4 a ut t r aa m iti eyy,, exemptedt) n r . a a y s y, w o o r u as from whether pecuniary or in kind, imposed as a compensation for personal service; and, finally, from forced loans and military exactions or requisitions. Art. 16—The subjects of each of the contracting parties in the dominions and possessions of the other shall be at full liberty to acquire, possess, rnd dispose of every description of property which the laws of the country may permit any foreigners, of whatsoever nation, to acquire and possess. They may acquire and dispose of the same, whether by purchase, sale, donation, exchange, marriage, testament, succession ab intestate, or in any other manner, under the same conditions as are established by the laws of the coun • try for all foreigners. Their heirs and representatives may succeed to, and take possession of, such property, either in person or by agents acting on their behalf, in the same manner and in the same legal forms as subjects of the coun try. In the absence of heirs and representatives, the pro perty shall be treated in the same manner as the like pro perty belonging to the subjects of the country under similar circumstances. In none of these respects shall they pay upon the value of such property any other or higher impost, duty, or charge than is payable by subjects of the country. In every case the subjects of the contracting parties shall be permitted to export their property, or the proceeds thereof, if sold, freely and without being subjected on such exportation to pay any duty as foreigners, or any other or higher duties than those to which subjects of the country are liable under similar circumstances. Art. 17—The dwellings, manufactories, warehouses, and shops of tho subjects of each of the contracting parties in the dominions and possessions of the other, and all pre mises appertaining thereto, destined forpurposes of residence or commerce shall be respected, If there should be occasion to make a search of or a domiciliary visit to such dwellings and premises, or to examine or inspect books, papers, or accounts, suc h measure shall be executed only in conformity with the legal warrant or order in writing of a tribunal, or of the competent authority, The subjects of each of the two contracting parties in the dominions and possessions of the other shall have free ac cess to the courts of justice for the prosecution and defence of their rights. They shall enjoy in this respect the same rights and privileges as subjects of the country, and shall, like them, be at liberty to employ in all causes their advo cates, attorneys, or agents from among the persons admitted to the exercise of those professions according to the laws of the country. Art. 18—Any ship of war or merchant vessel of either of the contracting parties which may be compelled by stress of weather or by accident to take shelter in a port of the other shall be at liberty to refit therein, to procure all neces sary stores, and to put to sea again, without paying any dues other than such as would be payable in a similar case by a national vessel. In case, however, the master of a merchant vessel should be under the necessity of disposing of a part of his merchandise in order to defray his expenses, he shall be bound to conform to the regulations and tariffs of the place to which he may have come. If any ship of war or merchant vessel of one of the con tracting parties should run aground or be wrecked upon the oasts of the other, such ship or vessel, and all parts there of, and all furniture and appurtenances belonging thereunto, and all goods and merchandise saved therefrom, including Any which may have been cast into the sea, or the proceeds thereof, if sold, as well as all papers found on board such stranded or wrecked ship or vessel, shall be given up to the mners or their agents when claimed by them. If there are to such owners or agents on the spot, then the same shall be delivered to the British or Italian Consul General, or Nice• Consul in whose district the wreck or stranding may have taken place upon being claimed by him within the period fixed by the laws of the country; and such Consuls, o‘siders, or agents shall pay only the expenses incurred in the preservation of the property, together with the salvage or other expenses which would have been payable in the like case of a wreck of a national vessel. The goods and merchandise saved from the wreck shall be exempt from all duties of Customs, unless cleared for consumption, in which case they shall pay the same rate of duty as if they had been imported in a national vessel. In the case either of a vessel being driven in by stress of weather, run aground, or wrecked, toe respective Consul- General, Consuls, Vice• Consuls, and Consular agents shall, if the owner or master or other agent of the owner is nut present, or is present and requires it, be authorised to inter pose in order to afford the necessary assistance to their hd low-couutrymen. Art. 19—The Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Consular agents of each of the contracting parties re siding in the dominions and possessions of the other shall receive from the local authorities such assistance as can by law be given to them for the recovery of deserters from the vessels of their respective countries. Art. 20—The present treaty of commerce and navigation, when ratified, shall be substituted for the treaties in force between the high contracting parties—namely, those con cluded on the sth of April, 1847, and the 30th of December, 1854, between Great Britain and Tuscany, and on the 29th of April, 1845, between Great Britain and the Two Sicilies, and on the 27th of February, 1851, and the 9th of August, 1854, between Great Britain and Sardinia, and shall remain in force for ten years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications, and, further,until the expiration of 12 months after either of the contracting parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same, each of the contracting parties being at liberty to give such notice to the other at the expiration of the first 9 years, or at any time afterwards. Art. 21—The present treaty shall be ratified,and the rati fications shall be exhanged at London in six weeks, or sooner if possible, In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed thereto the seal of their awns. Turin, Aug. 6. JAMES HUDSON. GIOVANNI MANNA. LAW INTELLIGENCE, Nov, 3, VICE-CHANCELLORS' COURTS. (Before Vice-Chancellor Wood.) HUTTON V. I iEETON.—I3EETON V. M'MURRAY. His Honour this morning finally delivered judgment in these causes. The facts which have already been reported, aro chiefly as follows :—ln the month of October, 1860, J. G. Shipley and John llutton were entered at Somerset House as the sole proprietors of the Sporting Life and Eclipse, subject to two mortgages of Shipley's share to M'Murray, the well-known paper-maker,who in that capa• city became acquainted with Beeton. In February, 1861, Shipley became bankrupt, and shortly afterwards M'Murray, on behalf of Hutton, sold to Beeton one half of the above newspapers, and of his inter,st in the lease of No. 149, Fleet•street, fixtures, type, &e., fur the sum of £4,325 ; and on the 19th of March following, Hutton and Beeton were entered at Somerset House as sole proprietors of the Sporting _Life and Eclipse, subject to two mortgages to M'Murray. Beeton's statement was that from that time Hutton ceased to take a share in the management of the papers, and in May follow ing he (Bet ton) purchased for the same sum as before the remaining moiety ; that on the papers under his own good management, having become valuable, Hutten, in July, 1862, demanded from him an account of profits, which he refused to give; and that thereupon Hut ton filed his bill praying for a dissolution of partnership, as from Oct., 1862, for an account, and for the appointment of a receiver. Hutton's case was that M'Murray had no authority to sell his (Hutton's) share, and that he had bought the other share from M'Murray for £1,500. Becton then filed his bill against M'Murray for specific perfor mance. M'Murray's case was that he contracted to sell the second moiety to Hutton, and that it was that that was the subject of the sale to Beeton. His Honour dismissed Button's bill, with costs; and as to Beeton's, ho granted a decree for specific performance as prayed, and an account of what remained due to M'Murray in respect of the purchase money, M'Murray to pay the plaintiff the costs of the suit. In both causes the above to be the decree, unless his Honour intimated to the contrary at the sitting of the court in the term. The Attorney-General, Mr. Bacon, Q C., Sir H. Cairns, Q.C., Mr. MalMs, Q.C., Mr. Terrell, Mr, Swanston, and Mr. li.arslake, were the counsel engaged. WOLFE V. HAMILTON AND OTHERS. This was an application of a most extraordinary nature. Mr. Sergeant Ballantine said that he moved for a criminal information for conspiracy on the part of Mr. Wolfe against Mr. Hamilton and two other men named Til ley and Witney. It was a case of the most gross and un paralleled persecution that had ever been heard of in this country. It may be remembered that in the month of August last a person of the name of Dietrichstein com mitted a fraud on certain brokers in the City by procur ing bonds by means of forged cheques, and raising money on the bonds. Mr. Hamilton, the chief of the detective department in the City, applied to Mr. Wolfe, a gentle man who has resided for upwards of thirty years in Lon • don, and on whom, the learned counsel said, not an told him impu tation had aver :eked, for any information which he might be able, to give relative t o Di e t r i c h s t e in. Mr. - Wolfe that he h a d no t seen Di etr i c h s t e i n s i n c e l as t July, and t ha t he knew nothing whatever about him. T i l,e next day two men were seen watching Mr. Wolfe'e house, and from that time to this he had been subject to the must intolerable persecution. They had followed him wher ever he went, they took up their positions close to the house, had beer brought to them there, they explained to the neigh bours the cause of their conduct, and, in fact, annoyed Mr. `Wolfe to such an extent that he committed a trifling aseaolt ' on them one day, and was forthwith taken before a police magistrate, where he was fined 10s., and re-delivered into the hands of persecutors. Nor did did it end here ; for, said the learned sergeant, " when Mr. Hamilton came to consult me, they followed him to the hallowed precincts of the Temple." Mr. Hamilton had refused to assign any reason for his conduct, snd it was with the utmost difficulty that the names and addresses of the subordinates could be ex tracted from him at the police court. They h ad even fol lowed Mr. Wolfe and a friend into the countr, v, when they took a drive one Sunday, and one of there had mounted be hind the cab in which they rode. Acting under. advice, Mr. Wolfe had gone to Frankfort, there to remain i 411th the sit. ting of this court, but even there he was not free from his tormentors. The Lord Chief Justice—We think you have said quite enough to entitle you to a rule nisi, COURT OF EXCHEQUER. (Sittings in Banco before the Lord Chief Baron, Mr. Baron Bramwell, Mr. Baron Channell, and Mr. Baron Pigott.) SEIZURE OF THE SHIP ALEXANDRA -THE ATTORNEY GENERAL V. SILLIAN AND OTHERS. This was an infiormaiion, containing 90 counts, filed by her Majesty's Attorney-General, with a view of obtaining on the part of the Crown a condemnation of the vessel, as well as imposing penalties or imprisonment upon certain persons concerned in the equipping, fitting eut, or furnish ing of the ship contrary to the pro visions of the Foreign Enlistment Act. It will be remembered that after a very protracted trial the jury found a verdict for the defendants, the Attorney-General tendering a bill of exceptions to the ruling of the Lord Chief Baron, before whom the case was tried. file Attorney-General (with whom were the Solicitor- General and Mr. Thomas Jones) now applied to their lord ships to enlarge the time for applying to the Court for a new trial, beyond the usual four days, in case it should happen that the Lord Chief Baron should refuse to sign the bill of exceptions tendered at the trial. The Attorney-General, in addressing the Court, said — It will be in the recollection of your lordship that at the trial you laid down views which you thought ought to govern the jury as to the construction of the Foreign Enlist ment Act, Your Lordships did so in a manner which we thought perfectly intelligible to all persons. There was no difference whatever in the understanding of your Lordship's ruling on the part of the counsel for the Crown, and we had no reason to suppose it was otherwise as regards the counsel for the defendants, or that it was generally understood in any sense other than that in which we understood it. At the end of the trial we expressed a wish to offer exceptions to that ruling, and were told that it was not necessary at all to stand upon the usual form. Your Lordship said, " I will accept any bill of exceptions yon choose to tender;" and accordingly after the verdict we wrote out the principal points which we understood he had laid down, but his Lord ship said we were not.bound by what passed on that occa sion, and that the matter could be easily settled. The case involved a point of very great importance, and it was most fit and desirable that exceptions should be tendered, in order that the case might be argued before a Court of Error, and, if necessary, before a stilt higher tribunal. We are most anxious that the question should be raised and determined, and we have no reason to doubt that the other side is equally so, but hitherto there have been difficulties in arriving at any form of exception which we can rely upon as certain to re.- ceive the signature of his Lordship. We sincerely hope that these difficulties may be overcome. We are in communica tion with the counsel on the other side, who have in their possession the form of exception we propose, and we trust that an agreement in writing may be arrived at with them, or, if that should not happen, that his Lordship, on being applied to, will settle such a iorm of a bill of exceptions as will raise the real question to be determined in a way satis factory to both parties and useful to the public. The Lord Chief Baron—l think it right to state that I see no prospect whatever of any change in the view I took as to my duty in deciding upon the bill of exceptions. A correspondence has passed between myself and the late Attorney-General which probably you may have seen. You were not present during the whole of the trial. So far from my laying down the law, as the bill of exceptions tendered to me assumed, I took particular pains to avoid anything of the kind. I had originally during the argument of Sir Hugh Cairns at one part of the trial entertained an impres sion—l called it no more—that all the expressions in the Foreign Enlistment Act, '• equipping," " fitting out," and so on, probably meant the same thing, and were to be re tarred to the verbiage of an act of Parliament, just in the some way as the words " ship" or " vessel," which are com monly used in statutes, and are no doubt intended to mean the same thing. But the late Attorney General in his ad dress referred to a case in an American Court, with an appeal to a superior Court where the decision below was affirmed. It was, I thick, a case in which the vessel was completely prepared in every respect, with the exception of being armed. When 1 came to sum up I mentioned that case to the jury, and commended so far as to say I adopted it. I left it to them, and pointed out what had fallen from the counsel as to the law on the subject, not whas I consi dered was the law. I then finally left the question to them, in the alternative using the very words of the act of Parlia ment. If you think, I said, this vessel was "armed," or " equipped," or " fitted out," or intended to be armed," or fitted out or equipped, your verdict must be for the Crown ; if not, it must be for the defendants. Now, the Attorney- General presented to me a bill of exceptions, by which I was said to have told the jury that the vessel mast be armed, and that if it was not armed there was no offence. I not only did not tell the jury so, but if you read the shorthand writer's notes of the trial I think you will say no person can have any doubt that I left the question as I have just stated it. But probably the object you have in view may be attained by a motion without any reference to a bill of exceptions. It is true no point was reserved at the trial so as to give you a right of appeal in the event of the rest of the Court concurring with me in the direction 1 gave to the jury. But this is a matter of so much importance I do not know whether I can pledge tho whole Court in this respect ; but certainly it would be very much to be lamented, however unanimous this Court might be, if we did not give you what we have the power of doing--an appeal to a supe rior Court. The Attorney-General—l understand you have no power by Act of Parliament to give an opinion unless there be a difference of opinion among your lordships. The Lord Chief Baron.—That is not so. We have the power of granting an appeal, and I roust say, as far as I am concerned, however unanimous and strong the Court may be in point of law, if you wish an appeal, you will certainly have my voice in favour of granting it. Baron Bramwell—l understand the difficulty to be that the Common Law Procedure Act does not apply to a case of this kind. You are apprehensive that the Lord Chief Baron will decline to sign the bill of exceptions in the form in which you have tendered it, and if you move for a new trial on the ground that he directed the jury wrongly, and he reports that he did not so direct them, we could not grant a rule for a new trial under these circumstances. That is the sort of difficulty in which you are placed. The Attorney-General — We have merely on the bill of exceptions adopted the litera seripta which we have here. I am not aware that even a learned judge is able to interpret his own words on an application for a new trial in a sense different from that which they really mean. Baron Bramwell—We ought not to depart from the ordi nary practice of taking the judge's interpretation of the words in which he directed the jury. The Lord Chief Baron--I will read the shorthand writer's notes as to what I left to the jury :—" The ques tion is," I said, "was there any intention in the port of Liverpool or any other port that the ship should be in the language of the Act of Parliament, equipped, fitted out, or armed with the object of taking part in any contest." I aiso said, "If you think that the object was to equip, furnish, fit out, or arm that vessel at Liverpool, then there is suffi cient matter for your consideration ; but if you think the object really was to build a vessel in obedience to orders, and in compliance with a contract, leaving it to those who brought it to make what use they thought fit of it, then it appears to mo that the Foreign Enlistment Act has not in any degree been broken. I leave you to find that by your verdict." The Attorney. General—Your Lordship said that you would not bind the Attorney-General to what passed on that occasion—that he could not alter the thing then. The version which the then Attorney-General had given at the time of the Lord Chief Baron's ruling was not contradicted. The Lord Chief Baron—The question now is, what course you can take consistent with the views of the Court. If you wish to move for a new trial on the ground that the jury ought net to have found the verdict that they have, the Court will entertain that application ; but if you mean to reserve to yourself the power of malting a motion for a new trial on a point of law, having tendered a bill of excep tions containing that or some other point, I do not think the Court would consent to that course. The Attorney-General—My application is now simply to have the time for moving for a new trial enlarged, so that both sides may agree as to what your Lordship said to the jury as to the interpretation of the statute. We believe the finding of the jury was following upon your interpre tation of the statute. The Lord Chief Baron—Nothing of thb kind. The Attorney-General—Then, both sides .are under a misapprehension, and it is their common wish to Oise the point by a bill of exceptions if possible. We ask you to enlarge the time beyond the four days ; and if, in the meantime, we do not get your Lordship's signature to the bill of exceptions, I will move for a new trial. Baron Bramwell—We have no power in the Act to allow more than four days except by your making the motion for a new trial and then adjourning it, but that would not answer your purpose. The Attorney-General said that, as this was only the se cond day allowed for moving, by the fourth day they would have considered whether the case could be brought within the Common Law Procedure Act, and mention the case again, or take further steps in the matter, Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing 11 ....Orniman's pure Tea ; very choice at 3s. 4d. and 4s. "high ;?A,tatmlard "at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. 3d.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. 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Holloway's pills are smai, 'tasteless, -tud easily swallowed when an ordinuy sized ' in could not, SPIRIT OP THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. ;TIMES.—For the people of the last generation I the world still contained a wonder. In the remote East, beyond even the unknown regions of China, there existed an Empire enveloped in impenetrable mystery. ft was an organised State of high antiquity, vast wealth, and advanced civilisation. It was in habited by a numerous population more than usually intelligent, and yet not a living soul from any foreign country was allowed to set foot on its shores. This immense community was absolutely secluded from the rest of the world like a huge monastery. Nobody could gain admission to it, or escape with his life if accident threw him near its people. The Dutch alone of all the nations in the world were permitted to enjoy a species of indi rect and distant intercourse with it, and this inter course was so. strangely regulated as to leave the mystery more .profound than before. Once in a year two Dutch ships proceeded to a certain rendez vous, where they were met by two ships of this marvellous Empire. The cargoes of the vessels were then exchanged, and the squadrons returned to their respective ports. This was all that could be known of Japan, and yet su c h wa s th e in genuity of its inhabitants that their manufac tures found their way to our firesides, and left a mark on our household vocabularies. The two great Empires of the East gave names to our commonest chattels, and we spoke of our lackered wares as " Japanned," while we called our crockery " China." Curious writers used to speculate on the possible institutions or customs of this wonderful State, and those who believed that the world held no regions yet to be discovered amused themselves by remarking that there was still a country to be unveiled. The veil has now been lifted, and to very strange purpose indeed. We have found out what kind of an empire Japan is, and w e fear it is almost a natural consequence that we are at war with it. Japan is more like China than any other country, and yet very different from China. In China the polity is absolutely monarchical, and there pro bably never was a State in which the monopoly of power was more complete. But in Japan this result has not been yet attained. There feudalism is do minant, and the distribution of power resembles that prevailing in European kingdoms four or five cen turies ago. The singularity, however, of the case consists in this—that a succession of institutions can be traced, one over another, still preserved. There are two Sovereigns in Japan, just as in Merovingian France there was a King, and under him a Minister who was more King than his master. There is also a very powerful aristocracy, and the Princes of Japan are as rich and as formidable as the old Dukes of Normandy or Burgundy. Bat this aristocracy and this double monarchy all exist together, so that to get anything like a parallel from European history we should have to compound the France of the Childeberts with the France of Charles VII. At the very time that a British Minister is bewildered in his negotiations by " the anomalous state of political rule in Japan," our Admiral finds a Japanese nobleman enthroned in an opulent principality, with a strong seaport, a fleet of steamers, fortifications mounting the most approved modern ordnance, and a 'luxurious palace about 50 miles inland. The whole case of the war netween England and Japan turns upon the pre tensions of the class to which this nobleman belongs, the " Mamie's," as they are called, or the great feudal' nobles of Japan, claim, it is said, the privilege of having even a public road to themselves when they chdese to travel upon it. On the 14th of September last year Mr. Richardso n, an En g lish man who happened to be in Japan, was riding on one of the hip roads in company with two or three friends when they encountered a D aimio and his retinue. The retainers of the Prince fell upon the party immediately, and Mr. Richardson was killed. It was for this murder that Prince Satsuma was called to account in the recent operations of our fleet, and the case lies iu an unusually small corn • oass. Tne Japanese Government not only acknow ledged the justice of oar demands when redress was claimed, but proceeded to satisfy them so far as it could. The apology which we required was given, and the fine which we ask ed was p aid. But when we came to deal with the offending Daimio our claims were eluded. The Prince's Ministers argued that, though the Supreme Go vernment of the Empire might have given us by treaty certain rights of traveling on the high roads, these rights ought to have been subordinated to the inalienable privileges of the nobles of the land, and that though the casualty in question might be deplorable in itself, it was but a natural incident of the mistake made by the English party in confront iug a Daimio on progress. This view of the case has actually found acceptance among the English in China, for we read in one of their journals a serious lamentation over the folly or perverseness by which so fatal a risk was incurred. It is not alleged that Mr. Richardson and his friends were doing anything but what they had a right to do by treaty, or that they conducted themselves in any way pro vokingly or offensively, except by meeting a nobleman on the road. The only prerogative which they infringed was the Daimios' preroga tive of monopolising a highway to the exclu sion of all impertinent intruders. When a Daimio rides abroad other people should stay at home, just as the " Arabian Nights " tell us that all the inhabitants of Bagdad were ordered to confine themselves to their houses when the Sultan's daugh ter was going to the baths. That is the claim ad vanced on behalf of the Daimios. Mr. Richardson, it is said, was unfortunate in paying the penalty with his life, but his own ignorance or hardihood led him into the danger. It might very well be a question whether the recognition of such extrava gant privileges as these could consist with that right of residence in Japan which British subjects have now acquired, but to say the truth we do not believe a word of the argument. We do not believe either that the Daimios could establish their title to such privileges, or that as a matter of fact Mr. Richardson was killed for infringing them. The Japanese Govern ment itself pat in no such plea for its feudatory. The Ministers of Prince Satsuma do not venture to advance it so nakedly as it has been advanced for them. They merely remark that the Daimio found his path impeded, and that his retainers accidentally killed a person in clearing the way somewhat rudely of the intruders, This defence would liken the affair to an affray between Leslies and Seytons in the High-street of Edinburgh or a faction fight in Ire land brought on by a fortuitous eollision, Lis need less, however, to observe that no such a ccount . can hold good of an onslaught made by a retinue ot 200 ruffians on three gentlemen and a lady. We have no doubt that a Daimio expects people to getout of his way; but the true offence of this unfortunate party was that they were fore ig ners. That spirit which for two centuries kept all the world out of Japan still survives, as it would naturally survive longest, in the aristocra c y of the Empire . The fear or hatred or jealousy of strangers which is found i n every barbarous race lives in the breast of the Japa nese Princes, and the detested . spectacle of a p art y of foreigners induced the Damns and his retainers to seize what they thought a colourable opportu nity o . f committing murder. They did simply what the villagers of every Chinese hamlet used to do to every foreigner they caught, what the tribes of Central Africa do to all travellers, what the savages of Hawaii did to Captain Cook. Th e y s e t upon the objects of their abomination to kill them, and then, when they found themselves called to ac count, they invented the best excuses they could. The Japanese Government is probably innocent. The guilt was that of a noble far exalted above the Sovereign's displeasure. We have reached this Prince through the accident of his residence on the sea, and we have punished him as far as we could. It is to be hoped that the example will deter others from offending, but the obligation resting upon us is none other than that which follows us to every settlement made in a barbarous country. We exact treaty concessions from the Government, but the Government cannot control the people, and offences are given which leave us with the alternative of quitting the place altogether or fighting for our safety. POST.—As the crew of a ship that is sinkin . g withi sight of land watch the lights on shore, so id Poland we 1: ow looking towards Paris. The . Poles hhiacvhe'can fear, been led to entertain expecta.tiontshow hope that not be immediately realised, and,. they are waiting for the words . il theirlir doom. They is always strongest when despai;viistlioths aolrteerntoatiavne., nounce their salvation or sign have, in fact, assigned to the Empen" o, the tiae French ve Ir fr,ead: a mission he is not called to ect to treaties, it is the three great Powers o Russia has forgotten the resp to enforce the law of not for one of those Pow undertake r o duer . a li ve ° Powers the fr treaties for t h which u r same time, if the nations at its own cost. A pose of compelling Emperor had deter he e ne o d b s t e o r v i a n n t c e e r f o e t e he is, perhaps, of all the Sovereigns of Europe, h l east concerned in upholding, no other Power would h ave been entitled t o thro w any impediment in his wa y, As the Polish question now stands, France, w e takeit, is free to act upon her own inspirations. _But, desirous as the Emperor may be, and no doubt is, to carry out the enlightened policy he developed in the liberation Into Italy, he could not fail to recog nise, and to take his most serious consideration, the magnitude and the difficulty of the probl em t h at has to be resolved in Poland. For our own part we cannot help thinking that many of the difUcultics which now beset this question might have been got rid of by a more earnest representation of the prin ciples on which the three Powers based their protest. We cannot accept the rule which has been laid down, that, unless a Power is prepared to enforce its pro test by a declaration of w r, it ought to bate its breath and. moderat€• or suppress ifs honest indigna tion, On the contrary, we have a!vrp understood that it was the office of diplomacy to exhaust the re , sources of remonstrance before war was resorted to ; and, in the present instance, if the conduct of Russia. called for reprobation at all, it invited the sternest and most uncompromising animadversion. The wrong complained of was no common wrong; the breach of faith was flagrant and audacious; the 10 . 14 of humanity and the law of nations were alike de fiantly violated. Such crimes were not to be washed out with rose-water. Their enormity demanded the application of language which could leave no d of the disgust their perpetration had inspired. Uh" happily, however, truth and vigour were sacr ificed to procure an identity of expression, and th e sit points were put with all the formality, but with none of the force, of an tatintatum. Earl Russel l o bt and Count Rechberg stood in the position of Bare ' ties to Russia that the Conqueror of Solferino should not break the peace of Europe, and their identical action was rather a source of embarrass ment than an element of strength. If, indeed, the three Powers had resolved to enforce their remon strance, the combination would have been formid able ; but, as a friendly intervention, it failed to convey to Russia in plain terms what—as we call only answer for ourselves—the English Govere merit, interpreting the public opinion of England, thought of her treatment of Poland. The national indignation was watered down into courteous ex' pressions of regret ; what was written in Paris wag rewritten in London, and revised at Vienna; and, as was inevitable in such a process, the truth grew' fine by degrees and wretchedly less. Of couree it was proper to observe the forms of diplomatic cor respondence ; and when Lord Palmerston was et the Foreign-office he found it possible, in writing, on this same question, to express the sentiments et the country he represented with force and eke' quence, without deviating from the established rules of official politeness. But, except for the warn ing the failure embalms for the benefit of posteritYl this citicism comes too late. France and England, we make sure, have had enough of these politics' partnerships with limited liability for some time to come. It is far more important now to look the re sults fairly and boldly in the face. The three Power° have met with an exceedingly disagreeable check ; Poland, hoping against hope, will in a few more hours learn that, for all save the moral support which cannot help her in her actual strait, she has only to trust in the God of battles and to her own despair ing courage. As regards the repulse, or the insult, or whatever else it can be called, all we have t o say is, that, as far as it affects England, WO must bear it as well and as patiently as we are able. It is, let us try to suppose, one of the una voidable accidents which happen every now end then. But the less that is said about it the better. To talk of our good intentions is only rubbing salt upon our sores. As respects Poland, however, we must own to a feeling in which shame partakes largely of indignation. We will not go so far as to affirm that the intervention of the three Powers has, ny protracting the insurrection, aggravated th e sufferings of the Poles and exasperated their or pressers; for though Russia is now defying the opinion of the civilised world, she cannot for long be indifferent to its distinctly-pronounced sentence. Nor can we take it upon ourselves to advise the in' surgents to lay down their arms and appeal to the mercy of their conqueror. Far rather would we, remind them of that inheritance which no despot can confiscate, that honour which is the soul and spirit of patriotism. While they guard that, though they may be defeated, they can never be destroyed' The winter that has set in will no doubt test theft endurance, and try their heroism to the quick, but as far as we can see they have to choose betwee n cold and snow and the dungeon or the gallows, an d in such a position brave men do not hesitate. Lie' forbid that we say one word to encourage a u seleth and therefore a wasteful, resistance; but Russia has, by the wanton barbarities she is practising' made submission to her power a species of suicide' Besides, is it for us to say that the Poles are not th e best judges of their own situation ? Is it for us t d deny that to the eye of faith even the dark clet i that overspreads their devoted land may have its . silver lining ; or, when the winter is past, and th ! grass is again growing green upon the graves of her martyrs, Poland, if she can hold her ark together sal' long, may not send her eagle once more west W ar with another result ? COUNTRY MARKETS. ------ . r----- , ---- LEEDS—TUESDAY. There was an average attendance at market to-day. eri, d a fair consumptive demand for best wheat at last Tue sday ." rates, but little business done in other sorts. The same re' marks apply to barley. Oats and beans were rather slosq of sale. NEWCASTLE-UNDER-LYM E—MONDAY. A pretty fair attendance to -day. The supply of wheat was about an average for the season. Samples irregular in condition. Fine dry lots at last week's prices, but other sorts heavy. Barley in moderate supp l y , and late p rice; were fully realised. Old white wheat..44s to 47s I Old red wheat, ...42: to 44s New do. ..43s to 46s I New do. 39s to 43 0 Malting barley....36s to 40s I Oats. Grinding d0.....28s to 31s I Beans Pos to gds LIVERPOOL—TUESDAY. d the At our market to-day there was a fair attendance a nd town and country trade, with more disposition to buy, p g good descriptions of wheat and flour were wanted , bring' ,t full prices. Oats rather above the full currencies of le Friday, and oatmeal 6d per load dearer. Barley, beeo'/' and peas quite as dear. Indian corn held firm. MARKET HARBOROUGH—TuEsDAT. White wheat, 42s to 44s ; red, 398 to 41s per 36 stout 2 Malting barley at 35s to 37s:per qr.; grinding, 30s to 31 per 30 st. Oats, old, 26s to 298; new, 20 8 to 23s p er st. ; beans, 37s to 41s per qr. Od d dd t tt 0 00 1 11 7 78 ss s : 00 , I, SHEFFIELD—TUESDAY. The market was well attended, and there was a mode" rately large supply of grain. Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial blishe ls .; 1 1 5 57 5 58 White t l7B 6d to 10s LI If lss 61 to 17s °' New red , New white ~ ff Beans ' ff ), Peas, per qr 40s Od to 44s ' 7 ,, Grinding barley, per qr Malting ditto, ~ 348 Od to 355 ° „d Oats 1, 22s Od to 245 v Flour, la sd, is 7d, and la 9d per 14 lb. MELTON MOWBRAY—TUESDAY. „ The following were th e currenc i es :—New w hit o • il t e . 40s Od to 45s Od; n ew re d , 40 s O d to 42s per 36 otO beans, 39s to 40s fo r o ld ; new sorts, 3 6s to 38 s pe r 38 ° f o r barley, 35s to 37s for malting ' and 28s to 32s per (I,,r' 24s grinding; new oats, 20s to 23s Od per '24 stone ; 01 `'' to 295. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. iS. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton NOl l' .. V. via Marseilles Nov. 4 drazil and Cape Verds, by British packet Nov. 3 0 . Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena Nov . . China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton Nc v • v, via Marseilles Nov.. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton Nov India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton N OT • `i, via Marseilles.• • • No v ' ' India (Bombay), via Southampton Nov via Marseilles Nov. ';' Portugal.... Nov. 1: Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Nev. "• 5 . via Marseilles Nov. -- Oct. 31. Newfoundland ........................ Gyorto and Vigo .............. ... ....., e .. .... U • S. and British N. America, b by Brit. pack t• •• . A Ov. , y U.S. VaCket 0 . 4.... . • by -Canadian packet. Nov. 1 ' All le. Bahamas,x le p .c° of parts via l Madeira,aVt7Z r .k s_ ....................................... •:: : : P er u,.... ....... Nov.N N N° v ... 1 ; 19 3 : 1 : California. and British C01umbia.. .......... I Births. • G ODB Y.—On the 31st ult., at W oo l w i ch, the wife o f DVto O o dby, RA., of a son. th 9 ° IC SIRMAN.—On the 30th ult., a t th e Villa Abbo Ni Dowager Lady Nepe e n,, w if e o f Dr. Montague'liira to i -- of a daughter. ..„ncle° LorTus.—On the 31st ult., I,:t 16, Willi arn - s t ree t, Low — square, the Lady Catherine Loftus, of a daughter. t io TEMPLE.—On the I s t inst.,ai Torquay Devonshir e „', of lady of George Temple, Esq., of Bishopstrow , ' 11 ' 4 a son. ASHIVOOD-BELLISS in.st , at St. . M arriages. 7 i t . h a e g e 3 s d . 'St Georg 13 e 11, Hanover-square, J. V. Aahwood, Esq ;of Longden f the ISahteroip,irsilliiraem, to ße C l a ii r s o s l , in E e s L q. 7 o it i sa l , v y ti o p u p n e g n . e f l i t daughter ootoo, county. 00' SIII—KINGSMILL.—On the 3d inst., at St. Georg e, 1 v , , 0 ; over-squar e , Ed war d C . Si m, E sq., C apta i n IteTa li ter 0 Deers, to Alice Frances Howley, youngest daug . Wm. Kingsmill, E sq ., o f S y d mon t on Court, flaw Deaths. BUNNING.—On the 2d inst. at at 6, Gloucester•ter race, gent's-park - , James Bunstono Bunning, DK' , f e l. teat to the Corporation of the City of London, age - -id, Cump.—On the 2d inst., at Islington, Christian C?'„, Eelasqes.,tAsucrtvuiavriynoofsotnheof-UnnivenertsyalchLiilfde,Assurance Socie'"of Doctors'-commons, aged 35. Oro d FOSBERY.—On the 10th July, at ShanghEaes,q;sraniCiist°r:ior Coron ° trey, eldest son of Godfrey Fosbery, Esq., RN., aged 38. LOVELESS.—On the 2d inst. B as set B as set John Loveless, abed R.N., Senior Lieutenant . of Greenwich liospitaip 79. ~esterf YATES.—On the Ist inst., at The P ark, near Mane'. John Ashton Yates, Esq., of 33, Bryanstou-square. London: Prix, zed and FuNtehed fey WILLIAM ANDI-3 ot No. 112, Strand, printer, at THE SUN OtDOe Strand, in the Precinct of the 3avoy, .13 the COW hiicitileocx,—Wednesday, Number 4, 1803.