The Sun. — London, England, 1854-04-08 00:00:00

plans of improvement and reform which they contem plated. But the courae'of the Univirsity'has been totally different. (Hear, hear.) When it appeared that the at tention of the public and of Parliament slumbered, the zeal for reform grew slack, and we heard little or no thing of these great intentions. (Hear.) In the year 1853 a plan was adopted very commendable in its way. I think it is not likely to prodice such fruits as were ex pected from it, but still is showed a wish to improve at least in one part of that university. At the same time I thought it advisable that the Crown should issue a com mission of inquiry. Th a t comm i ss ion has produced a va s t deal of information, and has shown that although the heb domadal board and the authorities of the colleges were not stirring, yet that there were a great lumber of men of most active minds, of accomplished learning, and of very general information, who had occupied themselves with the reform of the university. It was said when the com mission was first issued that the information would be all on one side—that none but one party, who were zealous for reform, would produce their views before the commis sion—and that, of course, Parliament would be imperfectly informed, if not entirely misinformed. However, I trusted that when that information was produced—when many persona came forward with voluntary zeal to give their evi dence—that those who took a different view, and were against the plans proposed, would find it incumbent on them, in order to obtain the aid of public opinion on their side, to lay before the commissioners the information which they possessed, and the views which they held, I was not disappointed in that expectation, and the hebdoma dal board has given us a report, and has produced most valuable evidence on the part of those who took a contrary view from the view taken by the commission. We have received information from the tutors' association and other persons connected with the university. By these means we have been put in possession of a great deal of informa tion of which Parliament was not before aware, and we have the evidence of enlightened men to which we can refer in our debates, who can supply any want of knowledge respecting Oxford which it was said the House of Commons did not possess. I will not at this late hoar enter into th e various points on which the right hon. gentleman has touched, but I will say this at once—that, although the general outline of the plan for Cambridge may agree with the general pla n of the bill for Oxford, yet I certainly should not think it necessary servilely to copy the provisions of this bill. (Hear, hear.) For instance, Oxford entirely differs from Cambridge with reference to the first point he mentioned—the undergraduates living out of college. We propose the plan of private halls for Oxford—a plan that I believe will tend to the extension of the university in a very safe and gradual manner. The University of Cam bridge has adopted the plan of allowing young men to live in private lodgings with the security of a license from the college, and such other securities as they think proper to take, and as no less . than 700 undergraduates are lodged in that manner, it may not be necessary to propose the plan of private halls for Cambridge. This, however, I will say, that if any such plan had been adopted at Cambridge—if the plan of private halls had existed there, and we had proposed that young men should live in private lodgings, I can conceive the indignation which we should have brought upon ourselves, and we should have been charged with a want of discipline, and with instigating to immorality forsanctioning an untried system. The right hon. gentleman in his denunciation of the plan, has gone very far in his asser tions. He denies not the power, but the moral right of Par liament to interfere with corporate preperty, and deems its ap plication as sacred as that of private property. I should have thought there was this great distinction between them— that whereas private property is settled on no other condi tions than those of general compliance with the law and those duties which every loyal subject owes to the State, there are attached to corporate property certain implied or express conditions — (hear, hear)—and the Legislature of a country in whom power is lodged—whether in a despotic state it is lodged in the monarch—whether in the United States it is lodged in the Congress --or whether in this country it is lodged in Lords and Commons—l have always thought that the supreme authority has a right to see that the ends of that corporate body are attained. (Hear, hear.) The right hon. gentleman speaks as if we had not acted on this principle. Why, sir, what have we been doing of into years with regard to the property of the Church ? Much of that property, no doubt, was granted for the benefit of a particular bishopric, or chapter, or benefice. But we have said that the great ends of the Church are to be looked to—that the instruction of the people in religion and in the doctrines of the Established. Church was the end for which that Church was main tained and that the diversion of property given to Canterbury or Durham, to Yorkshire or Lancashire, would better serve those ends if Parliament would sanction an application of the revenues to other places. This is nothing but acting on the principle on which a State always has the power to act. (Hear, hear.) I was glad to hear from the right hon. gentleman the member for the University of Cambridge, the admission of the principle that a change might take place when circumstances changed. The admission of that principle would cover a great deal more than this bill pro poses. Gentlemen talk of these institutions—of this pro perty—as being so sacred that Parliament ought not to meddle with it. Now, without going into the case of particular colleges, let us see what was the general pur pose, and what has been the general use of these colleges. As far as I can see, they were generally intended, and wisely intended, according to the state of society at the time they were founded, in the first place to a form a pro vision for a number of students, generally speaking of poor students, and persons who could not otherwise pay for their education, and who would not be able to provide them selves with sufficient maintenance. They were intended to give general instruction in the University of Oxford, in divinity, moral philosophy, natural philosophy, the canon law, and logic. In the third place, they were intended very often to keep up the performance of religious ser vices, among which masses for the souls of the dead were not uncommon. What do we find with respect to these things ? Is there any of these general conditions which 'is observed. (Hear ?) So far from their being a number of fellows and students living in the university and devot ing themselves to the study of certain sciences and of books of learning, we find that a great number of the fellows are not resident in the university at all—that they are pursuing other studies—qualifying themselves for profes sions, or employing themselves in other occcupations Others, again, were engaged, not in studying for the bene fit of their own minds, but as tutors in teaching in the University. With respect to the saying of masses for the dead, that has not only been neglected, but has been pro hibited by Parliament. Indeed, as to the original con ditions imposed by the founder, there is hardly a trace re maining of their actual practice or existence. I say, then, if there has been that change, and a change made by those of whom the founder was particularly jealous, namely, the recipierits of his bequests, surely we have a right to say we will not oblige you to go back to the exact fulfilment of those original conditions ; but you having entirely de parted from those conditions, we, the Parliament, consid er ourselves equally at liberty to depart from them also. (Hear.) We are doing this because we believe the general object of the founder was the promotion of religion and sound learning ; and we believe the cause of religion and sound learning will be promoted by such a measure as the one now before the house. With respect to an enabling bill, such as has been referred to by the right honourable gentleman (Mr. Walpole), to give the University and Colleges of Oxford power to reform their own institutions, I should think such a measure would be inadequate to such a state of things. I should say there had been no general disposition shown to induce us to admit the long delay which would be sure to follow the adoption of any such plan. I cannot, therefore, join in the recommendation of such a measure. While the right hon. gentleman has thus spoken against the bill on the side of its going too far, some hon. gentlemen, especially the hon. member for New castle (Mr. Blackett), have complained that it does not fulfill all the objects which the royal commissioners had in v i ew. My belief is, that the measure does, in its main pro visions, comply with the o bj ects which thecomm commission had in view. I stated last year that these objects were, in the first place, the extensio n o f th e University ; in the ° next, the alteration and improvement of the governing b o dy ; in the third place the e n d eavour to apply some of the revenues to the general instruction in the university ; and, in the foarth place, the removal of those restric tions which gave preference to particular studies. Un doubtedly ma ny observations h ave b een addressed to the house in the course of this debate, which are well worthy our consideration ; and, without sayin g that clause s of th e bill may not be defended as they are, I t the Government is bound to take into consideration all the suggestions of the commission. To any suggestions with the view to the improvement of this bill, come from what quarter they may, the Government will be ready to listen. I consider this is a question of national importance ; and if those who pay any attention to the subject will devote their minds to a calm consideration of the different clauses of the bill, I believe that instead of destroying, as it is said we mean to destroy, the real foundations of the Uni versity of Oxford, or that excellent collegiate instruction which has been hitherto given in that university, we shall, on the contrary, superadd to the present worth of that uni versity by a more expanded and extended instruction, in conformity with th e sc i ence o f the age; that we shall be able to give to a greater number of persons than at present enjoy it the benefit of that instruction, and that the nation at large will for a long period derive advantage from this improvement of one of its greatest educational institutions. The bill was then read a second time, and ordered to be committed on Tuesday. In reply to Si r J. P AKINGTOY, Lord J. itTISSELL said ho proposed to take th e th ree Bribery Bills fi rs t on Monday, and, in compliance with a suggestion which had been made on a previous evening, to refer them all to a select committee. The President of the Board of Trade would then proceed with the Railway Bill, and after that the Colonial Clergy Bill would be taken. THEATRE ROYAL DRURY LANE, Lessee, Mr. E. T. Smith. THIS EVENING, Aram 8, Will be performed LEONIE. Principal characters by Mr. Elliot Galer and Mr. Henri Drayton; Misses Lowe and Featherstone. - - - - - After which, THE FEAST OF THE DRAGON, and Magical Performances of the Chinese Troupe. To conclude with THE BARBER OF CADIZ. THEATRE ROYAL HAYMARKET. Under the management of Mr. Bnekatone. THIS EVENING, APRIL 8, To be followed by THE HOPE OF THE FAMILY. Character b y Messrs• Chippendale, Compton, and Buckstone ; Mrs. Fitzwilliam, Miss E. Grey, &c. To be followed by the new comic drama, called RASEGAGSL. Ch tracters by Messrs. Van'lenhoff, W. Farren, Buckstone, Tilbury, and Rogers; Miss Reynolds, Mrs. Fitzwilliam, &c. After which, WILLIKIN'D AND HI'S DINAH. Supported by Messrs. Buckstone and Corri ; Miss Louisa Howard, Mrs. Fitzwil dam, and Mrs. Caulfield. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET. Under the Management of Mr. Cuanza KEAN. THIS EVENING, APRIL 8, Will be performed THE MARRIED UNMARRIED. Supported by Messrs. W. Lacy, Ryder, and Cathcart ; and Misses Heath and Murray. To be followed by THE LANCERS; or, The Gentleman's Son. Principal characters by Messrs. Meadows, Ryder, Everett, H. Mellon, and D. Fisher; Mrs. Winstanley, Miss Daly, and Miss C. Leclercq. To conclude with A STORM IN A TEA-CUP. Principal cha racters by Mr. and Mrs. W. Lacy. THEATRE ROYAL ADELPIIL Proprietor, Mr. B. Webster.—Directress, Madame Celeste. THIS EVENING, APRIL S, Will be performed TWO LOVES AND A LIFE. Supported by Messrs. C. Selby, Leigh 31array, Benjamin Webster, Keeley, and 0. Smith ; M!ss Woolgar an i :Madame Celeste. Followed by THE MOUSTACHE MOVEMENT. Principal cha racters by Mess rs. 0 . S m i th, Keeley, and Parselle; Mrs. Keeley, and Miss Mary Keeley. To conclude with the Farce of HIS FIRST CHAMPAGNE. ROYAL OLYMPIC THEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. A: Wigan. THIS EVENING, Aram 8, Will be performed THE WRONG BOX. Supported by Messrs. Alfred Wigan and Robinson ; Miss P. Horton, Miss Wyndham, and Miss E. Turner. To be followed by TO OBLIGE BENSON. Supported by Messrs. E nery, Robson, and Leslie; Mrs. Stirling and Miss Wyndham. coneude with the Farce of THE WANDERING MINSTREL. Jem Beggs, Mr. F. Robson. STRAND THEATRE. Sole Lessee Mr. F. W. Alleroft—Direetrule, Miss Rebecca Isaacs THIS EVENING, APRIL 8, Will be performed THE BEGGAR'S OPERA. To be followed by BORN TO GOOD LUCK. With THE DUMB BELLE. Eliza, Miss R. Isaacs. After which, THE BLUE JACKETS. 'tails, 55.; Boxes, 35.; Pit, Ir. 6d; Gallery, (id.; Private Boxes .£1 I Is. 6d., to be had of Mr. Allcroft, 15, New Bond-street. ASTLETS EUROPE'S NATIONAL AMPHITHEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. William Cooke. THIS EVENING, APRIL 8, The entertainments will commence with the chivalric spectacle, THE WOODMAN'S HORSE ; or, The False Knight. Followed by an elegant routine of scenes in the CIRCLE, introducing Miss KATE COOKE; the Wonder of the World, Miss EMILY Cooxx; the Premier Horseman, Mr. ALFRED COOKE; Mr. WILLIAM COOKE on his matchless steed RAVEN, and a new Burlesque Equestrian Pari sian Pastoral B tLLET—the appointments expressly made in Paris. Concluding with (6th time) an entirely new Farce, DALRY3I. PLE VERSUS TUBBS. Box-office open from Eleven till Four. Stage Manager, Mr. W. West. I:IGFI WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. r'''' DAY — Morning 7 inin.after 10 j Evening 51 min.aft. 10 To.lroaacw--M orn i ng 2 8 min.after 11 Evening 0 min. aft 0 THE WEATHER.—Sum Orrice, APRIL 8. TNERNONETEE, IN THE SHADE. 66 —highest since noon yesterday. 50 --lowest this morning and during the night. 66—this day at noon. BAROMETER, 30 . 26—falling. Wriao, S.W.—Light breeze, and fine, sunshiny, summer weather. reu - 534,3 t ~~„ LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL 8, 1854. The immediate object of the War is obvious. It is the prevention of a great wrong. It arises from the determination of France and England to prevent Turkey from being molested and despoiled by the Russian Atrrocus.r. That there is reason for this movement on the part of the Western Powers —that there are sufficienti grounds for the interposition of their forces for the defence of the SULTAN from the aggressionk of his lawless and colossal neighbour —must be acknowledged to have become for some time past,. and to continue still at this moment, plainly enough attested by the mere presence of the Russian army within the boundary of the Principalities. The simple fact of the struggle being all this while not on the banks of the Pruth, but on those of the Da nube, must be accepted on the instant, of course, as proof positive of tlbe reality of the CZAR'S aggression upon the Sum :AN'S dominions. It is for the purpose of put ting an end to this aggression, it is with a view to preclude the wrong-doer from the possibility of adventuring at any future period upon the repetition of his recent proceedings, it is to thse end that the SULTAN may be protected and th,t tt the - AUTOCRAT may be punished, that the assailant may be re pelled and the assailed defended, that war may be effectually put an end to and peace be satis factorily, and promptly, and perm; anently re-estab lished—that the Western Powo3 cs have at last boldly entered upon the contes it as principals, despatching their vast armaments northwards and eastwards for the subjugation of St. Petersburg and the preservation of Constant nople. England and France have ac ted thus as the principal foes of barbarism, as till ) arbiters of the destinies of Europe, as the rd . presentatives of modern civilisation. Their ail ais no longer that of selfish aggrandisement.. They adven ture upon the contest, not as so often hitherto, for the satisfying of ticry e mere cravings of their national pugnacity. 'I 'hey draw the sword and initial the banner to secure the inno cent weak from being vanquished , and to disap point the mighty wrong-doer at ti lie very moment when apparently about to gratii: fp his rapacious ambition with impunity. Aust i and Prussia hesitate—but England and Fran ;a have resolved upon this glorious achievement. They have so resolved upon it, that, in spite o C the rivalry of centuries, they have established s perfect accord between their Governments. An. alliance of such complete cordiality, that the armii s ; which opposed each other in deadly strife at W:v terloo, and the navies which grappled in mortal conflict at Tra falgar are at last united in brothea •bood. Blended together, their maritime armams ents enter the Euxine under DUNDAS and Hai rELIN, and the _ Baltic under NAPIER and DESCt EIENEs. Fight- REPRESENTATION OF SoUTRA.UPToN The writ . for Southampton election, the in! side by side, their military vacated his seat in Parliament o Attorney Gen . eral having advance upon the common ( menay, under n a ccepting the . Re eordership of Bristol, arrived at the f ormer l mentioned town yesterday. The election win ta ke the accordant directions of RA.( MAN and St. nes O pp either') day next. It is rumoured that the re-election i3 ace on Wed- ivi of the :may have done ARNAUD in vindication of the SEG , °red principles Attorney-General will be opof justice, and no longer, as they sittart, who has been au unsuccessful candid a te r t . Van for hitherto, from a brutal lust of spo ration. Southampton, or Sir Edward Butler, of Ilarefiaeled ' H am pshire. Both of thesa gentlemen are Conservatives, All this, as we have said, that REDUCTION OF WAGES AT STOCKPORT. ---The spin. B. repelled and Turkey protected. d manufacturers of Stockport h ave been :Russia may be ners an en gager in considering whether they shall. reduce pro. In order that the war may Tbf.) satisfactorily two or three days per week, or work full terminated however, uction by it will not 'be enough that time for the present, taking off the ten per cent, added Russ ian ' the forces should be coin: p elled to retire t e ll a t n he ed wa o g n es of operatives in May last, and which was the ground of prosperity. One firm h as from the invaded Principalities. More than this has become requisite. The Atm CRAT must be stopped altogether, and two others havte.ngone three days per week, but the genera mee tin g o f masters t deprived .. of the capacity of distur k sing again in a agreed, by a majority equal to 90 or . 5 percen .. of notice of reverting to the prices similar manner the inestimable, ;and for nearly horse-power, to give forty years the almost unbroken,; tranquillity of was accordingly of last May. A week's notice given on Thursday to the hands. and . a question arises as to whether they will submit quietly or again Christendom. The Ottoman Er a pire must be secured from its liability of 7being agitated resort to a strike. The difference to the manufacturer by outrages. It mu; t be secured will be about I,ld. or 2d. per piece of cloth in the fab rics . most largely produced in Stockport, whilst the selling sidt 3- against the prices of these fabrics are reduced is. to 18. 7d. per against this liability on many piece, with great accumulation of stock in addition. The . .„ ; irritating attac ks from Austria tb o:ough the price of 40 inch 66 reed India cloths per piece of 43 ma yards was lls. 4id. in May last, and it sells now for 9s. i rauding Montenegrins, against an: r despicable on 9d. The cost of weaving is ls. sid. per piece. They complain also of the incre ase o f other - charges. Oil h as slaUght from Greece through risin g s f omented by risen from 7s. 2d. to 9s. 2d. per gall on . an d flour is the treachery of the Athenian Go% re:rnment, above ne ar ly double the price it was in May. They have had all, of course, against further agg mssions on the the advantage of a reduction in cott on , b ut i t d oes no t exceed the difference of charge for flour and oils. The part of the Russian AUTOCRAT, whi :they directed operatives are holding meetings and sending deputations to the employers to induce them to r econs i der their pro- upon the European frontiers o f T urkey on the posal. Pruth, on the Danube, or on the moun- The other orders of the day were disposed of, and the house adjourned at two o'clock. thins, or upon -the Asiatic frontiers in the vicinity of the Caucasus. Now this cannot be effectually accomplished, it is scarcelynecessary to observe, by the mere evacua tion of the Principalities. Speaking plainly, the war cannot possibly be closed with credit to the Western Powers, or with safety to the Ottoman Empire, or with any probability of our having really secured the subsequent conservation of the peace of Christen dom—unless much more shall have been first accomplished than could possibly have been con templated by either France or England at the commencement of the recent negotiations. It. would not be difficult to intimate the chief of these preliminaries, or rather, as we might call them, these essential conditions for a pacification. The evacuation of Moido-Wallachia by the Musco vites, is, of course, a thing understood. Besides which, however, the Government of Montenegro must be brought to a strict account—and though it is scarcely necessary to add this after what was said in the House of Commons on Thursday even ing by Lord JOHN RUSSELL—the same may be re marked in regard to the Athenian Government. Then the Black Sea must be opened. In like manner, in regard to the river Danube, there must be no further restriction in the privileges of its navigation. Moreover, it is probable that all existing treaties between Russia and Turkey will have not to be explained,• but to be altogether abandoned. Such, in reference to this war, are among a few of its chief consequences. The Russian AUTOCRAT has now, at least, the consola tion of reflecting that he has to compete no longer with Turkey alone, but with Turkey suuported 13/7 France and England, and that—defeated—he will. have to disgorge most of the territorial rob beries perpetrated by himself and his predecessors, and to behold Russia at the close of the war col lapsing in her dimensions, in illustration of the reality of that memorable " slope to the East" spoken of in 1848 by M. DE LAMARTINE. The TestameDtary Jurisdiction Bill last night received a third reading, and passed through the hereditary branch of the Legislature. It had, however, a very narrow escape. But seven Noble Lords attended to support one of the most important and useful measures of legal reform on the last stage of its progress—a measure for which the Government justly claimed considerable merit, and had the claim allowed to the fullest extent. It would, indeed, have been rejected, but that the friends and supporters of the abuses that have sprung up during successive generations were as remiss and apathetic as the reformers, so that, when the final division took place, there were but twelve Peers present, of whom seven were " content," and five " not content." Had the result been different, a very unpleasant interrogatory might have been received, to which it 'Would have been difficult to frame an answer altogether re spectful or satisfactory to the Upper House. The Archbishop of CANTERBURY availed himself of the opportunity to express his deep sympathy for the snug family party, who, by the passing of the bill, would be deprived of the lucrative mo nopoly they had so long enjoyed. His Grace feelingly deplored " the grievous loss which they would suffer from its provisions —forgetting that their loss is the gain of the community in general, who have for so long a period been heavily mulcted to support their dignity. No closer cor poration ever existed than the highly-respectable body of Proctors for whom his Grace was the earnest advocate. Only thirty-four of their number were allowed to take articled clerks, and that privilege was conceded but once in five years, so that not quite seven in the year could enter on the course leading to such high emoluments. It is needless to say, that the fortunate few thus highly favoured scarcely did more than replace the vacancies in the general body, and in their own numbers that occurred from time to time. The value of the privilege may be judged from the fact, that on the rare occasions, when so good a thing was suffered to pass from the immediate family or connexions of the persons authorised to sign articles, 1,0001. was generally demanded, and willingly paid by the neophyte. And as if these difficulties were not sufficient to guard the sacred mysteries from the vulgar gaze, stringent bye-laws were framed, which prevented any person from being articled after he had attained the age of 18 years, or if he had received a salary as a clerk in the office of any proctor. No matter how acute . the intellect, profound the learning, and brilliant the genius of the " Pariah," he was for ever excluded if he received even a single shil ling as remuneration for services rendered to any of the initiated. It was perhaps necessary to practise this rigorous exclusion in order to prevent those who had obtained even a distant glimpse of the enormous profits obtainable from straining after the rich prizes. The ot iroAXot must not be allowed the remotest chance of obtaining admission. " Odi prefanura vulgus et circes" appears to have been the motto of each of the thirty-four ; and though there has been an instance of a little foot-page who succeeded in charming one of the dragons who guarded the golden fruit, the singularity of the exception proves the stringency and generality of the rule. We scarcely think that it was politic on the part of his Grace to take any part in the proceed- ,ngs. He must have felt that the Leviathan Sinecurist was the grandson and nominee of one of his predecessors—that the next person who is ,o succeed, is also the grandson of another Most Reverend personage who had achieved the highest position in the Anglican Church, while the re mainder man was his own descendant and nomi 'lee, that the anticipated profits in the one case were iaortgaged to a wealthy Insurance Company, and that the nomination in his own case took place after a report which had induced his immediate prede cessor, Archbishop HOWLEY, to abstain from ex ercising the valuable privilege. He should also have recollected that all the proctors were his own c►eatures, admitted by himself to the positions they occupied, and he should have remained satis fied with the ample concession made to his pro tegees, without ventilating a question by which they could scarcely be benefitted, and which could only serve to bring the matter more prominently under public notice, and to occasion a general protest against the monopoly, which, by the bill, is to be allowed to the present practitioners for no less than ten years to come. No such consideration has been shown to the other branches of the legal profession, when their emoluments were materially curtailed by the ine- vitable results of other legal reforms. No Right Reverend Prelate breathed forth hi s heart felt sympathy for barristers or attozneys who suffered grievous losses by the establishment of County Courts, and other alterations of legal pxocedure. Nor was any time given to break their fall, or "to enable thena in the interval to form other connexions which would make the shock less felt." No ; they were of th e genera l public, and were deserving of no sympathy. Their numbers were not limited, nor was there a virtual monopoly insured as to the highly-favoured offspring of Mother Church. They fell, without any clerical mourners to lament their fate. But a valuable precedent was esta blished, that will enable legal reformers in the House of Commons to resist, and we hope success fully, the proposed monopoly about to be granted to the present practitioners for ten years from the passing of the Act. Better that Austria and Prussia should openly declare against us, than persist in this odious and affected neutrality. Better almost, we had said, that they should be against us than with us—for in that event the nations of central Europe would have more secure hope of their social and political regeneration. It is earnestly to be prayed that, nearer home than Vienna and Berlin, there may be neither complicity nor connivance in regard to this dis graceful policx of playing "fast or loose," which has so long been persevered in by the German Governments. At any rate, delays and delays have been suspicions. Suspicious, too, have been the results already visible in the Court of Berlin, consequent upon the arrival cf that message from the CZAR, conveyed thither by Prince GEORGE of , THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING* APRIL 8, 1854. Mecklenburg. Peculiarly suspicious, above all, have been the rumours which have become rife of late at Berlin—rumours of a convention for shield ing St. Petersburg, at the last hour, from the perils of an united attack by the chief of the Great Powers of Christendom. It behoves us, therefore, to be watchful—especially watchful, remembering that the Earl of ABERDEEN, the ad mired of M. GIIIZOT, the applauded of Louis PHILIPPE, the friend of the Czar NICHOLAS, con tinues, even after the declaration of war against Russia by France and England, at the head of her Britannic MAJESTY'S Government. Germany, with a standing array increased to a total of 400,000 fighting men, would inevitably become to the belligerents, by maintaining a ques tionable neutrality, to say the least of it, an enor mous embarrassment. Nay, Austria alone, with 140,000 men in arms, distributed along her fron tiers, could not but become speedily, after the actual commencement of the war, a source of bewildering difficulty to the contending Govern ments. Wherefore an explanation as to the precise nature of the policy resolved upon by the councils of Berlin and Vienna has come at length to be no tonly desirable, but absolutely and imperatively requisite. The Emperor NAPOLEON 111. is said to have already demanded, through an autographic letter, addressed by his Imperial Majesty to the Emperor FRANCIS JOSEPH, this same most essential explanation. How about England? Has the revelation of the policy to be pursued by the Ger manic Powers been peremptorily demanded in like manner by our own Government ? The question is one of extreme and imminent importance. It should at once be put to her MAJESTY'S Ministers in either or in both the Houses of the British Parliament. THE LATE MARQUIS OF LONDONDERRY. The will of this distinguished and gallant nobleman, which was proved to-day, at Doctors' Commons, con sists of a few lines, giving all hii estates, real and per sonal, to his Marchioness, absolutely, and at her entire disposal, appointing her also sole executrix. The will bears an unattested indorsement in his lordship's own handwriting, recapitulating its contents in terms of most affectionate endearment. The personal estate, in the province of Canterbury, has been sworn under 45,0001., which, when added to that within the province of York, which is under 250,0001., and in Ireland under 40,000/., makes an aggregate of personal property left by the de ceased amounting to 335,0001., exclusive of all the vast settled estates and collieries of the Vane and London derry families in England and Ireland, in the former of which he is succeeded by Lady Londonderry, and in the latter by the present marquis. OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE BOAT RACE. The aquatic celebrities of Oxford and Cambridge met again this morning on their well-known battle-ground, between Putney and Mortlake ; and the Oxford men, following up their former triumphs, succeeded in once more vanquishing their rivals. It was almost physically impossible, however, that it could have been otherwise, for the Cambridge crew, though equal, perhaps, in skill and dexterity, were decidedly inferior in weight and strength to their opponents, and there was absolutely nothing in the match to justify its being called a race. Indeed, long beforehand both sides seemed to view the struggle in the light of a foregone conclusion, and from the very onset the odds were in favour of Oxford, being, in fact, something like 6 to 4 "on" from the first announcement of the race. The following were the crews selected for the occasion : OXFORD. st. lb. CAMBRIDGE. st. lb. 1 Short, New Col 10 8 1 Galton, Trinity Col. 9 10 2 Hooke, Worcester 10 8 2 Nairne, Emmanual 10 4 3 Pinckney, Exeter 11 8 3 Stephenson, Caius... 10 10 4 Blundell, Christ Ch 11 11 4 Agnew, Trinity lO 13 5 Hooper, Pembroke 11 6 5 Davis, Trinity it 5 6 Nind, Christ Church 11 5 6 Johnson, Trinity ll 1 7 Mellish, Exeter 11 7 7 Blake, Corpus Chris. 11 2 King, Peinb., stroke 11 12 Wright, St John's, stroke Marshall, Ex., steerer 10 2 Smith, Camas, steerer.. 9 12 Both crews had been in careful training for some time past, and had there not been so great a disproportion in the physique of the two sets of men, it is probable the race would have been a very exciting instead of, as it turned out to be, an exceedingly hollow affair. The event drew together a tremendous muster of collegians, and, while the Cambridge party occasionally in dulged in faint hopes of success, the Oxonians never doubted the race would end in the result which we shall presently record. The boats were launched a few minutes before eleven o'clock, the Oxford crew taking water first. Their style of pulling was ge nerally admired, but some of the old judges i❑ such matters pronounced it to be inferior to that which they had displayed in former years. The Cambridge crew coming out immediately after the Oxford boat, looked extremely light and slim, and though the few strokes they took on approaching the starting point gave forcible promise for the future, the ascendancy of the other side remained unshaken. Some ten minutes after 11 o'clock, the tide being then about the flood, the start ing gun was fired, and the two crews dropped their oars, and jumped off together. The Oxford boat, however, immediately went ahead, and maintained the lead from end to end. The Cambridge men succeeded in getting up to the stern of their com petitor just before approaching Hammersmith• bridge; but it was only a brief triumph, for the Oxford men at once made play, and shot beneath the bridge two or three lengths ahead. Rounding the bend of the river beyond Hammersmith-bridge, it became evident that the Cambridge crew had not the shadow of a chance, while a little further on one of their men fainted, and of course the game was all up with them now. Still they manfully struggled on, but they never got near the Oxford boat again ; and, finally, they were beaten with ease, the distance between the conquering and defeated boats being allowed in suffer ance to be taken at between three and four lengths, but there is no doubt whatever that the Oxford crew could have made it ten if they had put their strength to the full stretch. The time occupied in getting over the ground, which is little over four miles, say four miles and a quarter, was some twenty minutes. The winning crew, of course, came in for a few rounds of applause, but the "pluck" which the Cambridge men had manifested throughout the struggle was rewarded at the finish with an enthusiastic burst of cheering, in which the members of both Universities joined. The boats, which were built by Messrs. Searle and Son, o Lambeth, were masterly pieces of workmanship. COURT OF BANKRUPTCY.-(THIS DAY. (Before Mr. Commissioner Goulburn.) IN RE T. L. ATKINSON. This bankrupt was described as of Queen-street, Cheapside, linen warehouseman, and to-day was ap pointed for consideration of his certificate. The balance-sheet, prepared by Messrs. Robinson and Knowles, Basinghall-street, commencing February, 1850, and ending February, 1853, shows :—Dr. to creditor, 1,1821. ; capital, 1,1211. 11s. Bd. ; profits, 5801. Cre ditor : good debts, 461. 3s. 10d. ; property, 254/. ; losses, 256/. ; trade expenses, 1,1771. 18g. id. ; per sonal, 9241. His Honour said the expenses greatly exceeded the profits, but there was one thing in the bankrupt's favour, which was, that he began business with a capital. Mr. Lawrance said that the failures arose through the capital being insufficient. His Honour granted an immediate certificate of the second class. TETE COAL TRAM—Several correspondents have lat terly asked the reason for suspending the publication in the official coal list of the number of vessels at market, sold and unsold. In answer to inquiries made in the proper quarter, it is stated that the factors have agreed among themselves to withdraw this information, but on what ground does not very clearly appear. It is un doubted that the quantity of vessels at market indicates in some degree the nature of the general supply, and that, therefore, this intelligence is not only of utility to the trade itself, but more so to the public at large. Every one remembers the high price of fuel a few months ago, and the eagerness displayed to ascertain what ships were coming forward and the probable supply. When the fleet of colliers increased there was greater activity, and ultimately the quotations were brought to a satis factory level, the market having become fully stocked. If the coal factors imagine that by withholding this in formation they will be enabled to keep th e public - unac quainted with the number of arrivals and th e propor ti on of ships sold, they will speedily discover their error, since the intervention of higher authorities must be sought to remedy the evil, if the attempt be persevered in. CRONSTADT.—The following description of Cronstadt, given in a Berlin journal, although incomplete, may not be uninteresting at the present moment Cron stadt is situated on the island of Kosline, at the eastern corner of the Finland Gulf. The island, about 1 i Eng lish miles long and proportionately narrow, is close to the mouth of the Neva, and may be regarded as the port of St. Petersburg, whence it is distant about 18 miles (English). The town, which owes its foundation to Peter the Great, contains about 30,000 inhabitants, and is intersected by the Peter and Catherina, canals. On the northern side of the island stand the powerful Alexander ramparts, constructed of solid granite blocks and armed with heaviest guns. On the southern flank of this is the harbour, the channel to which is defended by the citadel, erected on a rocky foundation, and on elie opposite side by the Kronslot fortress. Properly sp ea Nng, there exist three harbours for ships of war withi n the island, with docks, arsenals, building-yards, and so forth; A fourth smaller harbour for mercantile vessels likewise exists within the defences. The old Menschikoff palace has long been converted into a foundry, arsenal, and school for pilots. The Marine Hospital is arranged for 2,600 patients. In order to diminish dangers that way' occur from fire, all wooden constructions have been pulled_down, and all super fluous, stores removed." __ L ATE ST 1 ,1 0 i l EIGN Ic?LE 'IV S. THE WAR. ANOTHER BATTLE ON THE DANUBE. The Morning Chronicle, in an evening edition to-day, published the following telegraphic despatch from its Vienna correspondent : " The Fremden Blatt announces, under date of Bucharest, 4th. April, that a great battle was being fought at Rassova (about midway between Hirsova and Silistna, in the Dobrutscha). The result was not known. " Mustapha Pacha is at the head of 50,000 men. A telegraphic despatch, dated Berlin last night, says the English and French Governments entirely reject the proposals of the Czar brought by Prince George of Mecklenburg Strelitz. The negotiations between Austria and Prussia are not yet closed, but Prussia has joined in a pro tocol signed on Monday at Vienna between Eng land, France, and Austria. A despatch from St. Petersburg of the 31st ult. says :—" All discharged soldiers are invited by im perial order to return to active service, and are promised good pay, pensions, and decorations." Accounts from Bucharest, 31st ultimo, in the Wanderer of Vienna, contain the following : " Since the resumption of warlike operations events have been mentioned which were not before known. It is for instance now stated that, from the 13th to the 23d, engagements took place every day near Oltenitza, at the mouth of the Argis. The Russians had endea voured to throw a raft bridge over the Danube, but the Turkish batteries prevented the operation. Several boats were sunk, and many men perished. On the 3d a sanguinary contest took place between Sistow and Simnitza, which lasted the whole day, and ended by the retreat of the Russians. The Turks forced the passage of the Danube, and occupied Simnitza, and also effected the passage at the mouth of the Aluta. Ac counts were every moment expected from Krajowa, for it is certain that hostilities had commenced all along the line. The combat of the 23d was resumed on the 24th, but nothing had been heard of the result ; if, how ever, it had been favourable to the Russians, they would not have failed to publish an official bulletin. Fighting was still going on near Isatchka and Matchin ; the ar. mies of General Luders and other disposable troops were marching on Babadagh. The Russian troops, com manded by General Bukanolf, were before Kustendje. Mustapha Pacha was concentrating his troops at Kra jowa, and advancing against the Russians in three lines on the side of the rampart of Trajan, General Gortscha koff was expected at Kalaradsche." THE BALTIC FLEET. The following is from a Copenhagen letter• of April 2 :—" It being publicly known that the British fleet had arrived from Kiel in Kioge Bay, the Danish steamer Cimbria, with 400 passengers on board, went down there on the anniversary of Nelson's bloodiest battle, 53 years ago,—the battle of Copenhagan. The weather was fine, nearly summerlike, with a breeze from the north-west. We left the harbour of Copenhagen at half-past 11 o'clock, and at 1 o'clock we arrived at the station of the fleet. It is anchored two miles off Stevus; in the very bight of Kioge Bay, and is moored in a semicircle upon a square of English miles, the Duke of Wellington in the centre, with Sir Charles Napier's blue flag at the fore, and next to him, on one side, the St. Jean d'Acre (the on& one of the ships which has its name written on the stern), then the Royal George, then the Edinburgh, and then, next to the land, a very large threedecker, with a red flag—l believe the Neptune. There are two ships more with red flags, whose names we were not able to make out. Nineteen vessels lie there in all, in two lines, the smaller paddlewheel steamers ahead, and the larger ships in the second line. We sailed round the fleet, and the Danes cheered each ship, especially the Duke, with repeated hurrahs, which were answered from the fleet with louder cheers, and from two of them, the St. Jean d'Acre and the Neptune, with music. Evidently we should have been most hospitably received on board the fleet, but the passengers of the Cimbria being so nume rous, the Danes gave a proof of tact and good taste in withstanding their desire to see the interior of the ships, which would inevitably have been a great trouble to the crews, and especially the officers of the fleet. The Danes, therefore, contented them selves with sailing round the fleet, singing the British National Anthem, and giving vent to their delight and sympathy by repeated cheers and hurrahs to every ship. It was a delightful day and one of the grandest sights I have ever seen, as we lay to by the side of the.iast ship in the fleet—the Neptune—and looked down along the majestic line and saw the tremendous set of white teeth from 1,000 cannon mouths smiling at us as friendly this time as they bit us hard 53 years ago. When we stopped at the " Duke" Sir Charles was most cor dially cheered, and the gallant Admiral appeared himself on the stern-gallery, his hat in one hand, and a book in the other, and bowed very civilly to us. We returned to Copenhagen at 6 o'clock in the afternoon, and lam convinced that if the fleet stays here some days lonaer, these pilgrimages to Kioge Bay will frequently be repeated in spite of the remembrances of 1801 and 1807, which some people here try to refresh and strengthen. The British Government's declaration of the 28th of March as to the treatment of the neutral flags during the present war has greatly and agreeably astonished everybody here, who were not prepared for such a degree of liberality in England's com mercial policy. Here is all quiet in politics." A letter of the 3d from Copenhagen says Last night the capital was frightened from its pro priety by an immense cannonade. This extraor dinary and continued salute at one o'clock alarmed everybody, and all kinds of rumours were spread. It turned out to be a night exercise of the fleet at Kjoge Bay, and is one of the methods adopted by Sir Charles Napier to discipline the men. He has been indefatigable in all sorts of war practice, both on deck and on the sea, and the crews have in a short time obtained great experience in the ma nagement of their weapons, and in naval tactics. The Russian party here hope some great misfortune will befal our noble fleet, and are praying for a hurricane. CONSTANTINOPLE.-DEPARTURE OF THE FLEET. ___ _ Yesterday afternoon, says ;Constantinople letter of the 25th March, the whole of the combined British and French squadron left their anchorage at Beycos, in the Bosphorus, and entered the Black Sea. The large line-of-battle ships were succes sively towed out, and by 3 o'clock there only re mained in the Bosphorus her Majesty's steam frigate Retribution, Hon. Capt. Drummond, and the French ships Charlemagne and Heron. I learn from a very good source that a great number of hand dark-lanterns have been purchased for the use of the fleet, and a great number of grappling irons have been forging for the last few weeks at a smithy that had been established at Buyukdere. The precise movement of the fleet is not known. Admiral Dandas addressed the officers of his ship before starting, and so did the French admiral. Sebastopol, the coast of Circassia, and Odessa are spoken of. It was a fine day yesterday, and a finer sight could not be witnessed than an immense fleet of British and French three-deckers in move ment towards the mouth of the Black Sea. The first ships started at about 11 o'clock in the fore noon, the rest slowly following—the large sailing vessels in tow of the steamers, on account of the utter want of a breeze. The Ottoman fleet has re- named behind, and is at anchor at Buyukdere. The Turkish admirals expressed the wish and de manded the permission to accompany the combined fleets. The British and French admirals, however, refused, knowing well the diffi cu lty o f manag i ng large sailing vessels in the Euxine at this season, and foreseeing that the Turkish ships would only embarrass their operation s , as th e Ott oman crews all get sick in rough weather, and British and French seamen could not be s p are d t o s t eer th e i r vesse l s . The Turkish admirals and officers are greatly hurt at the refusal. An order arrived last week at Odessa to shorten the term allowed for the expor tation of corn, and to oblige those ships that were already loading to disgorge their cargo. To enforce this measure, soldiers were sent on board the ships. Some British shipmasters cut their cables and im mediately m a d e a ll sa il. S evera l h av e arrived here with their ships partly loaded, and Russian guards on board. Eighteen French officers, quar termasters for the army, arrived here by the Tabor. It is understood now that 10,000 British troops will be quartered at Constantinople, whilst the great barracks at Scutari are being prepared for 12,000 French soldiers. Yesterday, Colonel Detente, aid-de-camp to General Prim, returned here from France. General Prim and his staff, with twelve Spanish guards, will pro ceed to Constantinople, simultaneously with the division of the French army, under Prince Na poleon. Colonel D6tente is the bearer of two orders of the grand cordon of Isabella, for Mehemet Ali Pacha, the late Minister of War, and Omer Pacha, the commander-in-chief of the Ottoman forces on the Danube. Queen Isabella has named Tefik Pacha, Moustafa Pacha, and Ismail Pacha, commanders of the same order. The accounts from the Danube are, for the moment, not of special interest. Omer Pacha, on learning the attempted passage of the Danube near Turtukai by the Russians, proceeded there with the 144 of his army. Another attempt ou a la rge scale is shortly expected. ThQ IritiSlz aid French troops cannot hasten too quickly towards the wens of action, as it is the general belief that the Rus sians will endeavour to strike a blow prior to their arrival. Mr. Colquhoun, her Britannic Majesty's political agent for the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, leaves on Monday next on a mission to Bosnia and Servia. The subjoined is extracted from another corres pondent's letter of the 25th March :—" The last 'accounts from England and the prospect of ener-• getic measures being adopted against the enemy have raised the spirits and the hopes of the English community. Notwithstanding the extreme impro bability that a British force would be content to take upon itself the mere performance of garrison duty, many were inclined to believe that the defence of the Dardanelles and Bosphorus would be committed to the Anglo-Gallic troops, in de ference to the advice of a high authority, and that their active services would be re quired only in the event of a march on Con stantinople. It is felt here that unless we drive the Russians from the provinces we do nothing, and it is further believed that the enemy have not the most remote intention of undertaking a laborious march across a pathless country, over lofty moun , tains, with a wide stream behind them, the sea com manded by their opponents, and their most power ful neighbour avowedly pledged to resist such an invasion. 'We are 50 years from Constantinople,' is a saying attributed to a Russian of rank and po litical experience, and the height of folly would be to waste time in preparing for an attack which wil never be made, while the real object of Musco vite ambition is attained in the acquisition of 400 miles of the Danube's banks, with perhaps the Bulgarian territory and strongholds, the passages of the Balkan, and the port of Varna. Besides this, it must be considered that Whatever may be the opinions of Western Europe, the spell of Russian invincibility is not broken among the populations of the East. They look to her hitherto invariable success, her skill in escaping from the greatest dangers, and in extracting from defeat advantages which others have failed to gain from the most bril liant exploits, and they augur a similar conclusion to the present struggle. That 'come what may, Russia will by some means or other gain her ends, is a feeling not confined to the lower classes, or even to the Christian communities. Even among the Turks there are many who look upon their old enemy as the predestined accomplisher of an irre sistible destiny ; who forebode that the Osmanli are again to quit that Europe in which, to use an expression of their own, they are encamped, and that the Caliphate must revert to Damascus or Bagdad. The Moslem has his ancient prophecies on the subject as well as the Muscovite, and the vaticinations of both point in the same direction. This species of fascination can only be broken by a heavy blow, the effect of which shall be great, immediate, and undeniable. As yet the undoubted success of the Turkish arms have been scarcely credited by those subjects of the Sultan whom it is most desirable to influence. The Ottoman has risen immensely in the estimation of Europe ; but no such change has taken place in the public opinion of the Rayahs. Unfortunately this is a country of rumours—false, or with a grain of truth en veloped in vast masses of exaggeration. So many accounts have reached the capital, and, after re ceiving a record in official columns, have proved to be fables or misrepresentations, that the real. achievements of Oltenitza and Citate have not re ceived their due acknowledgments. Some great and striking success on the part of the allies would produce an effect almost incalculable, whilst hesita tion or timidity can only fix more firmly in the popular mind the feeling that, compared with the Northern Empire, the nations of the West railk only as second-rate Powers." A private letter from Constantinople of the 27th ult., published by the Pat r i e , ment i ons that the combined squadrons were to anchor at Kavarna, a port of Bulgaria, 25 miles distant from Varna, which is considered as a good point of observation. The report that a Russian naval division, coming from Sebastopol, had landed men and stores in the Dobrudscha, is without the least foundation. THE WAR IN ASIA. The special correspondent of the Morning Chronicle in Asia writes from Erzeroum, on March 1: " The Armenian subjects of the Ottoman empire are as desirous of the suc cess of the Russian arms as are the Greeks. I except, of course, a few enlightened men, who, while they are vexed at heart at the abased pusi tion their race occupies in the empire, yet are aware that their condition would not be improved under the despotism of the north. I will also except the numerous bankers and money-len, iers of the Arme nian creed, in whose books and ledgers the names of so many pachas figure on the wrong side. These cannot wish for the triumph of the Musco vite, for, in that case, what would become of their debtors ? But the middle and lower ranks of Ar menians are Russian at heart. Their sympathy will avail the cause of the Czar but little, for though they are industrious and well-behaved, at the same time they are the most arrant cowards imaginable. After the late disaster sustained by the Turkish navy at Sinope, the secret joy experi enced by the Armenians in this city, the ancient capital of their kingdom, was delirious. It was reported that they secretly offered up thanksgiving to the Almighty for the Russian success in their cathedral church. The rumour(perhaps unfounded) of thanksgiving in question soon oozed out, and came to the ears of the Turks, who were not over pleased, as may be understood. The Pacha was soon informed of the occurrence, and sent for the head of the. Armenian hierarchy here. This ec clesiastic vowed there was no foundation for the report, and that, if the thanksgiving in question had taken place, it was without his knowledge. The Pacha dismissed him with a few words of warning, and recommended him most strongly to remove the effects of the thanks on the following Sab bath. The few words of significant warning had a potent effect on the mind of his grace ; conse quently, at the first opportunity, the prayers of thanksgiving were officially revoked and cursed, so that the minds of the Turks could be set at ease. I have been unable to ascertain if the thanksgiving did take place or not ; at all events, the denunci ation and curse did. The Armenians and Turks inwardly detest each other, and from other reasons than those of religion and creed. In former times the poor Armenians suffered greatly from the bar barous cruelty of their masters, the Turks, and their social degradation was extreme ; but during the occupation of Armenia in the last war by the Russians, they took an eclatant revenge, and sorely humiliated the arrogant Mussulmau. The Turk has forgiven, but not forgotten ; and now that the old Russian feud has commenced, the conduct of the Armenians in ' his hour of defeat haunts him like a spectre. The com mon people, the most turbulent of the Turks, now mutter deeply, You are still safe, but beware if the Muscovite gains the day, and soils our land with his tread ; then you, Armenians, at least, shall not be here t o triumph over us once more.' I have spoken with several Armenians, and they all expressed great anxiety for their posi tion, and great dread of the conduct of the irregular troops, in case of a total defeat. Let us hope their fears are exaggerated, and that the latter contin gency may be avoided. False reports and silly rumours fill the town, and the good people swallow them with the greatest gravity. The lies can be traced to two parties—the Russian, consisting of Russian subjects, of which there are 80 or 100 established here, and the old Turkish party. Each one fibs against the other with hearty good will, and I am uncertain to which the palm should be awarded. I fancy the Russian excels with regard to quantity, but for fertility of inven tion it must bow before the Turkish party. It is right the weakness of the Turkish army should be made plain. Last autumn the Turks had on the frontier a numerous army, animated with fiery patriotism and eager for the fray. The province of Georgia stretched out her arms in loving welcome, and Schamyl thundered down from his mountain heights to the very feet of Tiflis. The Russian was unprepared, and in numerical force far the inferior. Prince Woronzoff, a host in himself, was stretched on a bed of sickness. Therefore, every thing conspired to assist the Turkish commanders, and lead them to an easy triumph. How did they avail themselves of their advantages, of their oppor tunity ? By over-running and liberating Georgia ? then concentrating their forces, and, in conjunc tion with Schamyl, storming Tiflis, and dr iv i ng the Russian invader from the regions of the Cas pian Sea ? No ; but by temporisi ng they gave th e enemy time to prepare, and through their imbeci lity or cowardice they sustained defeat after defeat from an inferior force. Of the army that in the autumn was stationed at Kars not 19,000 returned after this disastrous campaign. The remainder had fallen or dispersed. Of the troops that returned, one-half were sick, all discouraged. The disband ment commenced, and shortly not a man would have remained to protect the frontier or oppose the advance of the enemy, when, fortunately, an Eng lishman, with genuine English pluck and energy, arrived, and in the face of every difficulty inspired the troops with Confidence in him, and kept them together. lam not going to repeat again all the exertions General Guyon has made to alleviate the sufferings of the army and bring it back to disci- PU 4 Q. Bhface it to say that he has succeeded, and that llairedclin Pacha will adopt measures to place the army, with the large reinforcements shostAr a .pected, on a proper footing to e . cq i - t - n,en,ae, eperations in the sprin g . Th e Turks 1 .141 7 •0 loirnAted 'l3y- their autumn de4gattS, falie their revenge in lay. They will commence the campaign under a goociyouuuanclor, Zarif an d with European. .... -A officers of tried courage and talent. The worst h, happened, and the fut ure i s not w i thout i ts b r ight side. Who k nows ? P er h aps the darling wish° my heart may be accomplished, and my correspoll. deuce be dated from Tiflis." On the sth the same correspondent writes have received the following news from Georg,ll Schamyl is awake, and woe to the Russia A short tim e s i nce 300 camels laden with 11: were sent from E r i van t o Tiflis, and from thew" were sent back t o Erivan charged with amm tion. 200 Russian infantry formed the eao°'; ‘ , On passing through the Dar-Yol the caratw was attacked by a large for ce o f S c h amy l' s Peo , , ple, and c arr i e d o ff . The escort was cut to pie'', From Kars, I have no intelligence of importale te Sickness is unfortunately on the increase. troops are suffering generally from a species of ',m e fluenza, accompanied with severe chest pains. deaths from typhus have doubled. Thirty to fo fatal cases are daily recorded. In a few days Pol sious in abundanc e an d money will arrive at and the sanitary condition of the troops will, properly attended to. Th e news of Ahmet Paouaej dismissal from the comman d i n chief was recov with shouts of joy by th e army. They were n ot ,;, yet aware of the appoi n t men t o f Zarif Paella as 7 .0 successor. The opposition of Ahmet Pasha General Guyon's effective measures had of late doubled. Straggling parties of 300 or 400 irreg to lars are passing thro ug h E rzeroum on their Iva/ .4 Ardahan. Some regular cavalry are being ford here, and when o rgan i se d w ill count 4,000 sabre"' The men will be protected by a species of helm et in place o f th e f ez cap. , The fez is perfectly use' b ess re as a protection from either wet, heat, or a 53 t v cut. The men wounded at Soobattan were mos e hacked on th e arm, which they h a d ex t en d e d o T .. their heads as a protection from the Russiaa,;' valry sabre s . T he old-fashioned turban, if ' military-lookin g , was, at least, by f a r 0' „70 1g comfortable, and defied equally the elect t and the sa b re o f an enemy. Zarif Par# the new muchir (field-marshal), left Erzer° for Kars on the 2d instant. The garrison .4 this town, abo u t 5,000 men, will leave for the sa g place as soon as the weather becomes, milder. present the cold is most severe. I announced an time since that 25,000 redifs bad left Tokat. P Sivas for Erz e r oum an d K ars. This force has -„ detained by th e snow, b ut i s expected shortly....,,APr far as I can calculate, the spring will find at i t an army of 45,000 regu l ars. General Gunn. , forming som e b a tt a li ons of Rifles on the ceunes" system. At present everything looks W e t , and money, the "sinew of war," is more abunc l3 ll4 A speedy spring will be most welcome, and 7, 0 enable the troops t o go i n t o camp and escape "ejt ravages now caused by t yp h us. Lately, pray" were offered up in a ll th e mosques for the stic'nor of England and F rance . E vents will become t," more interesting e ver y wee k , and I propose Ow ing without delay for head-quarters." FRANCE. It is rumoured that a conspiracy has been. di r t) covered which has ramifications among the sato in the palar..e of the Tuileries. Several emptne have been arrested, but as the most rigorous sile li o has been imposed upon all persons likely to b,. 11 . 4 information on th e su bj ect, i t is difficult to o.bw" details. The following telegraphic despatches wore ceived on Thursday from Paris : ago " MARSEILLES, sth. —The Napoleon and the Ssw o f of the line, left Toulon yesterday, carrying 2,400 me a ls the 27th Regi men t o f the line, for Constuntil3 4 • The Napoleon w ill ca ll at Bougie, and take oil board detachm en t o f 600 men. The English steamer Gallo is makin g p reparat i ons for the reception of Lord En'S4 and the D u k e o f C am b ridge. The Tabor letters from. Constantinople of the 25th. A ' O l O convoy of 6,000 Turks left Constantinople on the to o for Alb an i a . S angu i nary combats have taken qbt near Janina, but no exact results were known. ep l citadel of A r t a s till h e l d out against the insu4o,o Greeks. Th e Th essa l on i ans have occupied the 00 of Phanaxia. A d ec l arat i on of the blockade oi ! coast was feared in Greece. The last arrival of CO° Constantinople was very considerable." The Darien steam-frigate arrived on Thuitgli morning at Cherbourg, from Brest, to take on 1)0, 60 600 seamen and 500 marines for the OP' squadron, now arming at Brest. By decree of the Emperor, dated Thuisdo,Y:ii , series of gener a l regu l at i ons for the Grand Ex 11.16, tion of agricultural and manufact ur i ng pro d uctiTof, and the wo r k s o f art of all nations, is appr oved o The Exhibition, it is declared, is to open on the ta ( of May of ne x t y ear, an d to be closed on the 315 ti r October. It i s t o b e under the direction and .$l4 veillance of th e I mper i a l C ommission nominated ift the decree of the 24th of December, 185 3 . t y each departm en t a comm i ss i on nominated by r o , Prefect, is to take all measures calculated to P i o mote the su ccess o f t h e Exhibition, and to oll(rd the articles t o b e ex hibi ted ; sub-committeer3 also if necessary be appointed. As to broil , Governments— "They are to be invited to establish, for the ch °- e it examination, an d send i ng of the productions of t'or subjects, commi ss i ons, of which the formation and 'l°o' position sh a ll b e not i f i ed as soon as possible im the perial Commission, in order that it may immediately itself in communication with them." The .Emperor, on the report of the IVliritist,e r t be Marine, has • d ecree d - a new organisation 01 pi " Instituti on d es Matelots-cannoniers " (11-co' gunners). Am ongs t ot h er things the decroo e 113,113 that there sh a ll b e two preparatory schc wig/ n d one Ecole d'A pp li cat i on of Naval Gunn erY74-ty, that. sailors o n l eav i ng them shall rece: ive ;elf second, or third c l ass certificates according' to 'O, capacity. The p reparatory schools are to be e-tbe Wished at Brest and Toulon on board vess ii i te roadsted. Th e d ecree contains a mass of 133 ' regulations for ma ki ng the men as perfect as ,0' sible in naval gunnery, and declares that es r fixed recompences shall be made to experiel l b e , gunners who m a y consent to serve in the naTible, yond the period for which they are legal ly Prices maintained themselves on our Bo arse De. terday. The Three per Cents. closed at 63f• for the end of the month ; and the Fou x-311,05, Half per Cent s . a t 89f . 90c.; Orleans R a il wa3 r Sli ft s ; o s 1,030 f. ; R ouen, 815 f. ; Havre, 410 f. ; Northern, 720 f .; St ras b urg, 692 f: 50c.; New- 61 ' o 525 f. ; Paris, to Lyons 782 f.. 50 c. ; Lyons ii9cey the editerranean, 652 f. 50 c .; W es t ern of :11 110n io , 5501. ; Bord eaux t o C ette, 505 f. ; Great Cat itr,;ol4 France, 392 f. 50c. ; Ly ons to G eneva, 4201; ; of Credit Mobilier, 485 f. BELGIUM. The Moniteur Beige contains the folil . 0 " declaration :-- "The undersigned, Minister of Foreign Affri, siring to assure new facilities to the commervis l maritime relations between Russia and Belgi 0 0, 0 0 clares--The Russi an vessels corning from 111198 iii) ► P t he to those of Belgium, may, without losing, for ireel goods they h a d or i g i nally on board, the profit of .0 cer importation, an d w i thout beir', required t o p ro du 0 0 tificates, touch a t any intermediary port, either • t° d iog orders or t o ma k e commercial operations, or for !• iO3 and unloading. Brussels, 11th March, 1854. "H. DE BRO UCH 1 31 1: 0 0 The Monite ur B e i ge contains a similar dee] aril '0 signed by C ount Chreptowitch, Russian IV) Bois ,'„; at Brussels, with respect to Belgian vessel s a r ric Pr in Russian ports. ITALY. The Parma Gazette, of the Ist, annouriee3 0 ( the extraordinary commissioner and assess° 11 01 ) the municipality of that city have preFie l ato a r address to the Duchess R egen t , i n which, aft© th B of pressing their condolenc e a t th e untimely- do , t 'for her Royal consort, as well as their admirat icot the fortitude with whi c h her Royal .Highne sa o in the midst of a domestic calamity of such ca a f t lo, tude, turned h er a t tention to the exigencies 0•'• State, they m a k e th e most solemn protestat 0100 loyalty and obedience to the infant Duke, IN 1 1 ° just ascended the throne. A letter from Parma, in the Piedmontese G ra o e o r states that th e pol i cy of the Duchess of Parnta , Sith raises well, an d seems to be in accordance the favourable judgment pronounced on that; rod, cess by Chat eau b r i an d w h en s h e was still a 4 3"116' and repeated by the illustrious author in tho ) ro t moires d'O u t re -T om b. Th e S ar d inian Minis' :l e a to Florence has received orders to p roceed to Pa r .T O O convey personally to the Duch ess the expr 104 of sympathy and condolence on the part. o court which the circumstances call for. SPAIN . )34'" Forty thousand artisa ns fill ed the streets; , of ~a celona on the 13th. Th ey were unarme avi ~b ei when summoned to di sperse they refused. isar itsby then turned their st eps towards the Garcia f rtyc• in order to join th e i r comrades outside th D '. VI The gates were then barred by the trcof '9, the when pelted with stones by the mob, had r c' e- the to their arms. The result was that several ~ai e l mob were kill e d and wounded, after whit 5 dispersed. THE SHIPPIN G T RADE OF THE UNITED KING) 9°3 .-r—......_ L ..__.....,__,__ y_.......................... lift' Yesterday a return to Parliament, obtained b. Y ' eill: Ingham, M.P., showed that last year the ship ping; tioP ployed, th a t entered inwards numbered 21,6'28 F; r " , tb „ : ships, of 5,055,343 tonnage, whilst of foreign ET tif,s the . number wa s 21,948 , • and the tonnage 3,887,7 n . C l ;„ 6 9 vessels that clea re d outwards there were 21,47.8 1 of ship; and 23,301 foreign. The tonnage of the f °l wse 4,212,981, and of the latter, 4,234,124. P I 4 ; CANADIAN CREDIT.—It is just 20 years. since 1 11 ,, e „tr ..: Villa* of Canada first borrowed money of this c 000 6 ''', The loan was for 20 years, and the time being 11 F du Saturday l ast, the Ist of April, 1854, the whole at 011 ro , was paid i n f u ll out of the surplus revenues of tl .26 , ,Po il vince. Thi s f act speaks, volume 4 for the Progr"s ''' 7 colony,--27mg,