The Sun. — London, England, 1833-09-30 00:00:00

night it capital, d much Ind car. [ ISER' 0 14 L lsio try , it pte go g es iv t' o 0( ~ hi I'7 0 04 0 i 1 01: 0 0 to e • Rev. O. %, 3 1 5( vo° CAUTION.—LAURIE, M AYOR . A T a COURT of LORD MAYOR A and ALDERMEN, held in the Inner Chamber 0 7 1 the G u ildh all of the City of London, on Tuesday, the , t lday of M ay , 1 833, and in the third year of the Reign 9. . illiatn the Fourth, of the United Kingdom of Great li ntain and Ireland, King, &c. !Whereas it bath been represented to this Court, that a ) ."5o , calling himself JOSEPH ADY, bath for some pe past been in the practice of sending Letters to various b e ! 80,38 , in all parts of the Kingdom, stating himself to el n the possession of information for their pecuniary ad footage, and to afford the same on the payment to htm of t‘'fenty ihillings, and in some instances of five shilling., alld referring falsely in such letters for his character, inte- VY, anirtespon s ibili t i es , to Si r Willi am H eygate, B art., Cam Taylor Copeland, E-q., and other Members of the ' t 01 Aldermen ; and to Mr. Francis Hobler, the 4 Clerk at the Mansion House, without having any Fik . CoeY for such references ; and also falsely adding to olne of the said letters, that the said William Taylor Copeland D ' ' -•-toot would be security for him to the amount '41,000/. -.' AGAINS T Co urt d o hereby CAUTION the PUBLIC ' AINS T PAYING ANY ATTENTION TO SUCH BFI?,_..Pt --, NCES relative either to th e c h arac t er , into .ltY, or r esponsibility of the said Joseph Ady. WOODT HORPE. On n a , - %ist October will he publi•lied, in post Svo. 6s. 6(1. JrIE HULSEAN LECTURES for the (I f th e Year 1832 . P r i nc i p l es f or proper un d erstan di ng an in Mosaic Writings s t a t e d an d a ppli e d ; t oge th er w ith • of our eldental Argument for the Truth of the Resurrection Lord. By the Rev. J. J. BLUNT, Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge. Joh❑ Murray, Albemarle-street. FOR SUPERINTENDENCE OF THE SOCIETY T HE DIFFUSION OF USEFUL KNOWLEDGE. ► irm , On the Ist of October will he published, t rI E QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ED UCATION, No. XII., price ss. Six Volumes pr - L ee n i o o w s. c 6 or . p e l a e c te h t . i, and may be had, bound in cloth, Ltlr,he LIBRARY of ENTERTAINING KNOW.. .t /t ,"„GE, Pat t 42, completing Vol. XXI., VEGETABLE pr,'TANCES, MATERIALS of MANUFACTURES. p ct 'ee of the Volume, bound in cloth, 4 6d. ; of the seared, 2s. t 4 ; 4 , h e GALLERY of PORTRAITS, No. XVII., con. I 4l° g Portraits of Erskine, Dellond, and John Hunter. Trial price 2s. 6d. I ,'e PENNY MAGAZINE, Part XVIII., price 6d. 0 " PENNY CYCLOPIEDIA, Part IX., price 6d. P 44 n: Charles Knight, 22, Ludgate-street, and 13, 41111Iall East. The By whom will also be published, CONIPANION to the NEWSPAPER, No. 10. This day was publi,hed, tLACKWOOD'S EDINBURGH MA oetober.GAZINE. Nos. CCXIII. and CCXIV. for 1. Ar CONTENTS OF PAR T I. `••••II -° "'inz M ono l ogues . B y an E ar l y Ri ser. No. 1. late";,'lle Fal se Who is Born ? By th e Sati;livi4'n Godwin, j un .—lV. Wh o i s D ea d? B y t h e • Edmund Burke. Part S—VI. Barbadoes. No. 4,.... m i ;„hy M. J. Chapman—Vll. The Sketcher. No. 2 - " I I. Nights at M ess . Ch ap . S—IX. America. e 'II CONTENTS OF P ART 11. "e Irish U n i on —ll. H ymns of L i fe. By Mrs. ya rd ' n ''• No. 5. E aster -d ay i n a Mountain Church 7, C -41 Is Lyrics of the East. By Mrs. Godwin. Nos. H ob , l ' "'I 9—IV. A n I n di an Lament—V. Life—Vl. ort Stanzas. By L a d y Emmel i ne Stuart ,ey__Vlll. The Sound of Skye—lX. Verses, by 114 E. M. Hamilton —X. The Crown Thorns—Xl. Nets to the Ri g ht H on. E. G. Stanley, Secretary of f t ate, &c. &c. &c., from James M'Queen, Esq. Letter 2 II- France in 1833. No. 1. Its Political State— Ai ar a s Aiarshall Ney's Me moirs XIV Thoughts u p on p --XV. English Cathedral Est a bli s h ments. Ca- ti . n ed for William Blackwood, Edi n b urg h ; an d T. Strand, Lo il ndon. 4614 th ing Monthly, with Biographies, Portraits, Maps, eENotes, &e. price 4s. 6d. smallB".in cloth, NGLISH TRANSLATIONS 0f tile °ad most valu a bl e GREEK an d LATIN CLASSICS, n a t. )! the title of " THE FAMILY CLASSICAL -siidiatt'd, Printed, and Published, by A. J. VALPY, M.A. tio::;l:iiotn,:cynouurrt, Fleet -street ; and sold by all Bookeelle":1 refie`ftYPO desire your son, though no great scholar, to read ns a i n i. duty to place into his hands the best Tra of the best Classical Authors."—Dr. Parr. It pAs the learned languages do not form part of the educa stotlr:f Felnales, the only access which they have to the t e r l a u , doa 4 rtiquit is through the medium of correct . and the Y present Selection is intended to in the th "e Authors only, whose works may be read by Jeluth of both sexes. e N umbers already published contain the following I) A uthor s • which may be purchased separately xtt,A,IOSTH NE - • and SALLUST, Nos. 1 and 2. -VO(,)PHOEN-'S s ANABASIS and CYROPIEDIA, 3 and 4. Viic l3l3 OTUS, Nos. 5 to 7. (ill Wrangham, Sathehy, a n d D r yd en , N os . 8 toil9' - 11 , • rtll b 4 I I and ANACREON, No. 10. T41,-,;IY'S TACITUS, Nos. 11 to 15. N o 7, HRASTUS, with 50 Characteristic Engravings, 1 10tu t ,e• j liVes L and PH.tEDRUS, Nos. 17 and 18. THI J 6 7 AL and PERSIAS, No. 19. 11 .11•FLUIDES, Noe. 20 to 22. 11 E81 ( 7. N g ell'S LIVES, w i t h E ngrav i ngs, N os. 23 to 29. 1‘10,,,", C ASSANDRA of LYCOPHRON, 1310 N, MUStEUS, and SAPPHO, N o . 30. 014,''''s C OMMENTARIES, Nos. 31 and 32. e llip u i h eL ,ES, No. 33. ,Nlt9 — "=. B , Nos. 34 to 36. "' V ltes'',,Noli• 37 to 39. 40 ME TAMORPHOSES and EPISTLES, Nos. Cje t tnd SNt•P„B O RATIONS, OFFICES, AIMICITIA, and 'SCEs u TE, Nos. 42 to 44. N L US No. 45.-..-Atltthen°rMa'4CeSOCt Ist., with . No. 46, and this Eat h o' ll l cotnplete the Series. Ivith tb averages 350 p,gee, and is deliveted monthly L e Al aguin ''obscriberssCan be supplied with Vol. 1, and the the l u , ng V(4 % monthly, at any time during the progress ~t),.STOMACH COMPLAINTS. ENDERSON'S S I OMACHIC t4.,1 VEG ETABLE ELlXlR.—Having suffered se tilYhtPri ston ach complaints, Dr. HENDERSON was led r-li, atte;tion to the study of the subject. To the tlNtifjfttiukil medicine, when all others had failed . , he and ainYi mars are ndbted for complete exemption ro e m l. ate 1, and r estoration to health.. To those whose ow 4Nit• wally slow, and require the occasional use of va .' and for general Family Use, it has a . decided . Plet il a ' a ge over all other medicines; inasmuch as it safe, 4 5tp l i„ -4 t to the taste, and will appease the stomach when I lle la - h, g else will rest ' upon it ; and never loses its power; ay al so quantity always producing the same effect. It 1 4 14 s'. ° he mixed with food or di ink of any kind, without lite l: l' g the stomach, or losing the salutary effect on the f ! t utu a ,. l , It has been tried in every possible variety o s'itry " eoMplaiut, and found uniformly beneficial in is j t , li scrib I4red ° by Dr. H e nd erson , P er th, whose name e c d }i i Ink o n eac h outs id e l a b e l, and sold by 411(1 t Y m 'at, Cheapsid e , corne r of St. Paul's, Lon -9,1. antfe Pinta, nin th e C ountry ; i n half-pint Bottles, at 4s. 6d. s PILL B 6 A PERILN I FAMILY , 0 11, , a most excellent Medicine for Indiges . - ;kint a , of th e Head, l'iles, Dropsical Corn of I:ions ale in a considerable Degree a preventive at• they er diseases• Their composition is truly excol -14,' "eY ff r , . ear at i o nut contain any antimoni.il or mercurial 41t Whatever, -and do not require the least confine tsl or alteration of' • go o d ea . diet (moderate exercise . promotes cve 4 40 "'Us); they seldom operate until ten or ot roy rs after taken, and then very gently ; they . (4 t'op t i i , v°r ltis, purify the humours, and evacuate all foul N, t tbo v i n 'ls, whereby SO many diseases are produced; by eoi! bstructions, they cause the food . to pass r t e o ce i r t . s '4t' Pattg L 'y'e o f ecorning a good restorative and p AAA7I,II to both sexes, and to those of a costive rely Yalualte treasure. Also, SNOOK'S PEC ,_, °r COUGH PILLS, fur Coughs, Colds, k.'%o:B,,aand Shortness of Breath. It is well known that tt l l %, tt nd C olds (if not soon removed) are, in many ended with considerable danger ; for the removal I 'sti t he Pettor lor Cough Pills are with confidence t t 4 ir 'rn a i ti en : l ed as an a excellent medicine, and in most cases ;,,Prbve „P! e ifie• A single box will be a sufficient trial tl„ good effects. SNOOK'S DENTIFRICE , tETH and GUMS. Pillsthe are sold in Boxes, at Is. 1 d. and 2s. 9d. Dentifrice in Boxes, at le. lid. and 2e. each. o. 1•2,809.) ( PRICE 7D.) Just published, price 6s. CONSIDERATIONS ON JOINT STOCK BANKING, chiefly with reference to the Situation and Liabilities of Shareholders. flow to the place where it is required. The labour of the poor man is his only commodity, and the reasons should be cogent indeed which justify any legal impediment to his carrying it to the best market he can discover. Dr. Adam Smith, in the " Wealth of Nations," has dwelt with peculiar force on this particular sub ject : he has laid down with his accustomed accuracy the general principle, that " the property which ' every man has in his own labour, as it is the original foundation of all other property, so it is the most sacred and inviolable." After stating the law, he points out the evil, as it still exists in England, in these emphatic words :—" The scarcity of hands in one parish cannot always be relieved by their super abundance in another, as it is constantly in Scotland, and I believe in all other countries where there is no difficulty of settlement ;" and he sums up the state ment with this remarkable expression, which is true to the present day—" There is scarce a poor man in England of 40 years of age, I will venture to say, who has not in some part of his life felt himself most cruelly oppressed by this ill-contrived law of settlement." Amidst the numerous difficulties to which agricul ture in this country is exposed, and amidst the dis tress which unhappily exists, it is a consolation to your Committee to find that the general condition of the agricultural labourer in full employment is better now than at any former period, his money wages giving him a greater command over the necessaries and conveniences of life. As an illustration of this fact, it may not be inex pedient to institute a comparison of the condition of the labourer in some one county at the present mo ment, contrasted with his condition in 1821, when the last general inquiry was instituted into this sub ject. 4 . Brought home to men's business and bosoms."—Lord Bacon. Frazer, Regent-street; and Royal Exchange. 1833. Will be published on the 30th inst., price 69., by R. HEWARD, 5, Wdlington-street. Strand. 1 1 HE WESTMINSTER REVIEW, No. XXXVIII., containing 1. A Free Trader's Defence of the "Mercantile Sys tem"-2. History of France-3. Nova Scotia-4. Cor porate Reform-5. London University Magazine ; Note on Austin's Jurisprudence -6: Pitcairn's Criminal Trials in Scotland -7. Letters of Horace Walpole-8. Sinking System at Sea-9. Rush's Residence at the Court of London-10 The gone-by Session-11. Physiology of Plants-12. Otto on the Violin—l 3. The Repea'ers -14. History of the Middle and Working Classes-15 Kingdom of Greece and the lonian Islands-16. The Question of Absenteeism reducible to the Principles of Free Trade—List of Book., Index, &c. THE GIULIANIAD, or GUITAR MA GAZINE, No. 6, price 2s. 6d., will he published on the l st of October, when the first volume of this work will be completed. CONTENTS :—Guitar Makers and Sellers—lnstructions to niy Daughter—Pelzer's Instructions—Kerieve's Chit Chat, &c. The music are Giuliani's Fantasia, (Op. 62.) Diver timento by Naske, and 5 Songs, with English and German words. Sherwood and Co., 23, Paternoster-row; Duff and Co., 65, Oxford -street; Chappell, 50, New Bond-street, and Johanning, No. 6, John-street, Oxford-street. At that time Mr. Hanning, a gentleman from Sc mersetshire,appeared before the Committee,and gave the following evidence : " Has there been a change in the food of the la bourers within the last two years ?—Unquestionably. I see the labourers, being constantly mowing about my own farms; I see them now almost wholly sup plied with potatoes; breakfast and dinner brought to them in the fields, and nothing but potatoes. " Were they in the habit, in better times, of con suming a certain quantity of animal food 2—Some certain portion; for instance, bacon and cheese, which they do not eat now. " Has there been a decrease in their use of malt liquors ?—ln my neighbourhood it is principally cider. As to malt liquor, I only state the informa tion of a tenant or two of my own, who have ale houses and inns, who say they do not sell so much as they used to sell; but I cannot vouch for that. " Will not the increased consumption of potatoes you have mentioned account, in a great degree, for the reduced price of wheat ?—The lower orders, from necessity, eat less wheat. " Of course, then, a less consumption of wheat will produce a depreciation ? I think their poverty drives them to eat a worse food." By your Committee on the present occasion Mr. Western Peters was called, a gentleman residing at Petherton, in the county of Somerset, occupying 600 acres of land, partly his own property, and agent to Mr. Portman, who possesses large estates in that county. By him the following evidence is given on this point : " Do the tenants employ less labour on their lands than they used ?—No; I think they employ every labourer in the parish ; there is not one unemployed. " What is the rate of their wages now ?—I sup pose they average about Bs. a week; then the farmers find them potatoe-ground; and in most of our parishes they have alloments of about forty perches a man, independent of that. " What used to be their wages eight or ten years ago ?—About the same ; the shepherd and carter have generally got about Os. a week. " Their money wages are reduced about Is. per week, all the other allowances remaining the same ? —Yes; and most of the farmers, I cannot say for all, but a great many, supply their labourers with wheat under the market prices besides. " Those allowances have not changed within the last eight or ten years ?—No; I apprehend not. " The reduction in the money wages is about Is. a week ?—lt was reduced Is. a week; but I think it is about the same again now. " What is the condition of the labourer now, con sidering the price he pays for the, articles he con sumes, compared with his condition eight or ten years ago, when he got Is. a week more wages ? It is a great deal better. " And the agricultural labourer in Somersetshire is better off than he was ?—Yes ; I think so. " Is it apparent in his condition that he is better off ?—Yes, think it is; most of them now keep a barrel of cider, and a pig besides, which they used not to do; malt liquor is not much used in Somer setshire, on account of the large number of orchards. " They used not to have cider in their cottages ? —No. " Have they now pretty generally ?—There are exceptions, and so there are to the wages, because one man deserves more than another; but speak ing generally to their wages, I should say from 7s. to 9s. " You say generally that their condition is better than it was ?—Yes. " Have most of them cider in their houses ? Yes; and besides, the greatest part, I think, of those men who have from 7s. to 9s. a week have three pints of cider a day generally allowed, and in sum mer more. " You mean to say that at the present time they are more in the habit of having a small cask of cider in their houses than they used to be /—Yes, now they have. " The labouring poor, you think, are in a better condition than in dear times ?—Yes. "You state the farmers have reduced the scale of their living; have the labourers reduced theirs ?—I do not think they have. " Do they eat more meat than they did ?—I think they do. "To what extent ? I cannot say. Formerly if they got a pig, they used to sell it to pay their rent, now they feed and kill it. " How often will a farm labourer in full employ in Somersetshire eat meat in the course of the week P—Nearly every day, I should suppose, the best labourers. " What kind of meat ?—Generally bacon, and when they go to market they buy coarse pieces of beef in the evening. "Do they not in the course of the week get some beef or mutton ?—I think they generally get some beef. " Used they formerly to have some meat in the course of the week ?—No; I think the labourers have had much more meat latterly than they used to do. " You think, that though the farmers have suf fered by alteration of prices, the labourers are better off P—Yes. " Is your knowledge of the situation of things during high prices in the war sufficiently accurate also to enable you to speak to the condition of the labourer then and now ?—Yes; I can recollect when the labourer ate barley-cake without meat or cheese. I was then quite young, living with my father, but I recollect seeing the men come. " Had they their barrels of cider then as they have now in their cottages 7—No, certainly not. " The period that you speak of is preceding the high prices which followed during the war 7--The Ir . • P.: • • 7 / , ' 4.-<., _ •I` ,&Z' , .‘ 7 74 / 4 / 1' / , • - . ~ em , • ' . , • - 7:' 4 ' , '''' c - • . 1!••,.,„ ' tiv n at home with i, 1 . -,-.. - ` l ''-;-4 - 4 , „. _ Z ' ' r : 411' A, 4 q , ,: t ",,1z..52,Et;, ' ... / :.... , ,A ) - :. . :<,,,,,,, [ : 4 -`ll.- . , ..::,. ~,,1 , , " 'I/ / ~.,. . s . ,', ' ,2104, ' ( 4.•-- '. ,;,'' 0 0-'.' c'. 1.1.--, - - ' - ' , i - ''t4_ . - '- Z 7 --)... ... - • • 'v- -!.. ~ ~ i• ' / 0 415., 4 ,_ 2(4.. • ' //-o.s ',",,---, , , - ..r . : ~._ . , ~ . r , . . . r - , , , , , , ~ :i..A , .....- ~, ~ ~..-T 4 4 __„:„.: ' :,.., ---/A:cml°o4lenu:Plltreerrojiuicttihilihe:e‘o:ciePn:sewetrcaisettehet:lisikfit: '4.4 ,_ ' ''* ... -- T .- 7 '. - f‘ i . .' .!:-., _ z : ' ' 2- . .' - , ' -'°lsl W ' ' r''''' ' ."' • You speaking of the sit - , • g.. i , ,:,9-, , ,.. • "...- - .: ..,.. * t •••., \''7;•:• . - '.. 4••• , . 4'Pi:•• :‘,. ~.. •=2-., .1,,, + of a man with a wift 'N' - ‘1.*•,,,„1,.- 4- .7." - • L - -..0 .. • ( 4.' ) -;41,1 1 - M7,:,7 . ,(i) . 13:?, „/ , , k_ ve,74 _,,,, N ,..• ~ • • ;•14#, A, i - 41 1 . I.' ',.'.. ',...);_, t.,- - 4 , -:,..- greatest part of the bf •o 1 ) ' —...: - -=..._ : .,... j jrit 4 N ''' - 0A - `` day. . . _. _ .. ~ _ _ , • • - • - . . . . . ing of wa:; when I was a boy, my father, and men used to barley-cake to work, without that the generality of the la sire have meat every day ; are Ingle man, or are you speaking Fe and two children ?—The lest labourers have meat every The Committee may collect from your evidence that the labourers are better off now than they were before, from whatever cause arising ?—Certainly." This is an instance taken from a particular county, but it is no unfair sample of the improved condition of the labourer in full employment. At the same time it appears from the general tenor of the evidence, that in many districts of the country the supply of agricultural labour is greater than the demand, and that this disproportion mainly arises from the inability of the farmer to employ that quantity of labour on the land which would be requisite for its perfect cultivation ; yet even where labour is thus redundant, the alarming increase of the poor -rate has fixed attention on the condition of the labourer by grants of land attached to cottages, by a more judicious distribution of labour throughout the parish, converting into productive that which had been unproductive, coupled with due attention to the character of the party relieved, and a more provident distribution of the relief itself, the growing evils of pauperism have been partially arrested, and in some cases by timely interference have been ab solutely overcome. In Scotland, where rent and wages of labour are the only outgoings borne by the tenant, the farmer on the whole appears to have suffered less than in England from the fall of prices, and corn rents, which have lately come into more general use in that country, protect the tenantry under lease from the effects of a falling market; but the labourer in Scotland being paid principally in kind, and receiv ing only a small portion of his wages in money, has not gained so much as the labourer in England by the altered value, although his nominal earnings have not been much reduced; on the other hand, the dezrand for his labour as yet continues unabated, and the law of settlement in Scotland does not impede its free circulation. In Ireland, as far as the growing demand of the English market extends, agriculture is improving, the growth of wheat is rapidly increasing, and the gross amount of produce is considerably augmented. The demand for lime and for manure is greet throughout the province of Leinster; new roads have been formed ; the inland navigation has been improved; the soil is fertile; and a progressive in crease of the supply of wheat from Ireland may be anticipated. With the war, however, the great contracts for salt provisions, which were drawn from Ireland, ter minated; and it is doubtful whether any present demand from England for corn compensates for the loss which Ireland thus sustained. The minute subdivision of firms, the system of con-acre, especially in Connaught, and the conse quent increase of population, have a strong tendency to enhance the value of land throughout Ireland, and to lower wages by the same competition which reduces both the tenant and the labourer to tire lowest level of indigence. Emigration has taken place from all parts of the United Kingdom, and continues increasing from year to year; in some instances local contributions have been raised to defray the expense of the pas sage of pauper families, and the parishes where this measure has been adopted with due precautions have experienced some relief; but in many cases, without such assistance, the poorest and least able remain, while the more efficient and richer depart, taking with them small accumulations of capital, and thus rather impoverishing than benefiting the dis trict which they leave. In the counties of England, where yeomen here tofore abounded, occupying their own estates, which estates in many cases had been transmitted from father to son, a great change of property has re cently taken place. The high prices of the last war led to speculation in the purchase, improvement, and enclosure of land; money was borrowed on the pa ternal estate for speculations of this nature, which, at the time, were not considered improvident. Prices have fallen, the. debt still remains, or the estate has changed owners, and the interval between the fall of prices and the adjustment of charge and of expenditure to the altered value of money has been most pernicious to this body of men. In rural districts, from the absence of competition, the small tradesmen have been enabled to keep up their prices, although perhaps bad debts and dimi nished custom have not added to their profits ; but the means of the yeoman have diminished more ra pidly than the fixed demands on his income, and on him have fallen all the evils of an income progres sively decreasing, without a corresponding reduction of charge. The landlords in every part of the United King dom, though in different degrees, have met the fall of price by a reduction of rent, except where, during the war, the rents on their estates had not beets raised, or where, by a large expenditure of capital, permanent improvements have enriched the nature of the soil itself. The spread of the drill system of husbandry, a better rotation of cropping, a more judicious use of manures, especially of bones, extensive draining, improvement in the breed both of cattle and of sheep, have all contributed to counterbalance the fall of price, and to sustain that surplus profit in the culture of the soil on which rent depends. Where the fixed incumbrances are heavy, and the family settlements founded on the war rentals are still in operation, large reductions of rent must ne cessarily occasion the most serious embarrassments, and the effect produced has already been an exten sive change of proprietors throughout the kingdom. It is impossible to overlook, and it would be cri minal to disguise, the fact, that the depreciation and restoration of the value of money, consequent on the Bank restriction of 1797, have unsettled the habits disturbed the fixed engagements, and injured alter: nately the interests of large classes of the community In the words of the Agricultural Committee of 1821, " the general effect of the restoration of our currency has been in some degree to derange the markets of every part of the civilized world ; arid as bearing on British agriculture especially, that report contains the following passage, in the truth of which your Committee fully concur : " The departure from tire ancient standard, in proportion as it was prejudicial to all creditors of money and persons dependant on fixed incomes, was a benefit to the active capitals of the country; and it cannot be denied that the restoration of that standard has, in its turn, been proportionally disad vantageous to many individuals belonging to the productive classes of the community, and especially of farming or of trad , e i . f ' in ' to those who had engaged in speculative adventures Fluctuations of price, whether they arise from al terations in the value of money, or from changes of etehe t e li . :3 P v n a l r e in c e y e an c o d on a .. s . during the corn laws, cannot fail to produce evils in every branch of rural economy, which, independently of these disturbing causes, must ever remain exposed to grievous vicissitudes from the uncertainty of seasons. These artificial fluctuations, however, only aggravate the natural evil: they render the income of the land lord precarious, the fixed rent of the farmer a hazard ous speculation, and the wages of the labourer an uncertain remuneration. habits, Steadiness a d the price, aswhichbasis is a i l firx conducive epfmdecarso: rekritdnognetacr t itogae o ha. beetm: settlednvet te:anyctileech is the primary object never again to be overlooked; . and your Committee cannot fail to ex e has been, coincident with th e . present sys t e m . of steadinessh Y e e of that steadiness of price c i i e r r n e laws, h as,b a e en drirger riod t sl 'e ':(: . el:neeunceePer period tees it is looe\bonrvifeis rapidly e a a l l j t a i u lu d s d a s i lt i b y n deu ta e t:l p : p e ars a oc e xr t ii u mb a ea l t amount itnog th e present i re c s o ei r i n t system a great are which has unquestionably prevailed. TO HOTEL KEEPERS, POST MASTERS, &c., &c. ROYAL HOTEL, CHELTENHAM. TO BE LET, AND ENTERED UPON IMMEDIATELY, THAT well known and long-established HOTEL, or TAVERN and POSTING HOUSE, now in FULL TRADE, called the ROYAL HOTEL, situated in the centre of the High-street in Cheltenham, and late in the occupation of Mr. Thomas Haines, de ceased. The Hotel is capable of making up 44 beds, or upwards, and in the Yard there is Stabling for 70 horses, and standing for 40 carriages, and the premises altogether are well adapted in every respect for carrying on an ex tensive and lucrative business. The Stock of FURNITURE to be taken by the tenan at a valuation. To view the property, and for further particulars. apply to Messrs. Newma❑ and Gwinnett, solicitors, Chel. tenham. Sept. 25, 1533. STAFFORDSHIRE. TO BE LET, UNFURNISHED, FOR FIVE YEARS CERTAIN, ACAPITAL FAMILY MANSION, with 50 Acres of luxuriant Meadow and Pasture Land, situate in a highly picturesque country, six miles from Lichfield, and three from Tamworth, with a❑ ex tensive trout stream, and the exclusive right of shooting over 1,600 acres of wood and land, abundantly stocked with game ; also in the neighbourhood of the Atherstone fox-hounds, who frequently draw from the above woods. The houst, is happily placed, contiguous to the church, and has, with the offices, been completely repaired, and may be immediately occupied by a family of the first dis tinction. The approach is by a carriage drive of great extent. The rooms are of elegant proportions; dining room 36 feet by 18 feet, ornamented with superb scagliola columns, drawing room 37 feet by 23 feet, breakfast par lour, library, and morning room, appropri ite spacious best bed rooms with dressing rooms, secondary ditto in unison, and servants' ditto, with the usual appendages, and all domestic offices; coach•houses, stabling for 14. horses, capital walled garden, extensive pleasure grounds, farm-yard, and all requisite agricultural erections, in complete repair, and the land in the highest state of culti vation. The estate is tithe-.ree, land tax redeemed, and rates unusually low. For particulars and cards to view apply to Toplis and Son, 16, St. Paul's-churchyard. In Paris, lately, a man committed suicide by affixing a quantity of crackers to his body, and then firing them. He was desirous of notoriety, and may be said to have made a noise in the world. YORK.—The weavers in Mr. Poppleton's manufactory hive struck against a portion of their fellow workmen, who refuse to join the Trades' Union. Wages form no part of the dispute, Mr. Poppleton's prices being superior to those generally given at any other place, but it entirely arises from that spirit of dictation which the Union me❑ assume, and which his already produced such mis chievous effects in many parts of the kingdom.— York Herald. AN ANCIENT BRITISH COIN.—The Mon mouthshire Merlin mentions that Mr. Benjamin Harris, of the Union Tavern, Abersychan, his in his possession a Welsh halfpenny, in good preservation, with the following inscription quite legible lestyn. Ab. Gwrgant Tywysog." on one side, and on the reverse— " Y Brenhin ar Gyfraith." Morganwg 1991. TRANSLATION. " lestyn, son of Gwrgant, Prince of Glamorgan, 1091." "The King and the Law." lestyn's grandfather succeeded to the throne of Glamorgan in the year 99k, and died in 1030. He was a wi•e and peaceful Prince, gave lands to the poor, and protection and privilige to every cultivator of the soil, establishing to them a right of voice in all national concerns. Gwrgant, grandson to lestyn, was a Silurian chieftain, and the most learned poet of his time ; he was killed in 1156 by Ivor ab illeirig, hut his death was revenged by Morga❑ ab Owain ab Caradog, who soon after slew Ivor. _ ODD FANCIES.—Henry 111. of (France) could not remain alone in a chamber where there was a cat. , The Duke of Epernon fainted at the sight of a young hare. The Marshal d'Albert found himself indispo,ed at any re past at which was served up a sucking pig or a calf's bead. Ladislaus. King of Poland, was troubled arid obliged ' to fly whenever he saw an apple. The sight of a fish gave Erasmus the fever. Scaliger trembled all over when he beheld cresses. Tycho Braise felt his limbs tremble under him whenever he met a hare or a fox. The Chancellor Bacon fainted every time that be saw an eclipse of the moon. Bayle fell into convulsions on hearing the noise of water falling from a spout. Lamotte le Vayer could not endure the sound of any instrument, but experienced great pleasure at hearing the growl of thunder. In our day a French amateur prefers the sound of the tambourine to the most agreeable musical instrument. Saint Foix reports that an Englishman experienced the most cruel pains whenever he read the fifty-third chapter of Isaiah. A Spaniard fell into syncope whenever he heard the Latin word Lana (wool) uttered. The Arch Chancellor Camba. ceres could not look at a spider. Napoleon himself was annoyed at the slightest prick of a pin, and evinced an invincible repugnance to medicine. On the sth July, Fernando Benancio, an Indian cacique, labouring under a powerful access of fever, was admitted as a patient into the hospital of Buenos Ayres. In his train was a younger Indian, named Fran • else° Yunquel, who, being attached to the chief, was al lowed to wait upon and reside with bins during the pro gress of his cure. Yunquel was an unadulterated son of the Andes, and, in the indulgence of a natural curiosity, strolled without restraint through every part of the esta blishment. In a fatal hour he r e a ched the door of the dissecting room, just as a lecturer was illustrating, by the knife upon the subject, the lesson he was giving t o hi s class. Human dissection is a sight appalling to nature, and upon the unsophisticated savage of the wilds it pro duced the most disastrous effects. He thought the operator nod his assistants were engaged in a deed of murder. He immediately raised the warwhoop of his tribe—called out the gualicha with a maniacal voice, and, drawing his knife, rushed upon all who were engaged in the dissection. The first victim was a graduate in the piolession, whom he despatched at once ; the next was an unfortunate patient, who happened to be present; the third was a soldier, who stood sentinel at the door of the devoted chamber. The fi.enetico then rushed into the wards of the hospital, and would have dealt death more extensively, if his master, apprized of the tragical event, bad not thrown himself in ' his way, and, by the threat, conveyed in their own lan guage, of instantly shooting him dead, brought bins to a sense of his sitl:ation.—Buenos Ayres Paper's, July 7. LONDON, MONDAY EVcNING. SEPTEMBER 30, 18:33. REPORT OF THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE. The Select Committee appointed to inquire into the pre sent state of agriculture, ;aid of persons employed in agriculture in the United Kingdom, and to whom seve ral petitions presented on the subject of agriculture to the House were referred, have, pursuant to the order of the Hou , e, examined the in uteri to them referred, and agreed to the following report:— In presenting to the house the mass of evidence collected from various parts of the United Kingdom, your Committee are restrained by the vast extent of the subject, and by the discursive stature of the inquiry, from attempting a minute analysis of the testimony which it has been their duty to ex- amine. The witnesses who have appeared before your Committee have, with very few exceptions, been immediately connected with the cultivation of the soil; most of them are either rent-payers or sur veyors of land, some of them are land-owners, few of them not practically experienced in the detail of the matters to which they have deposed, and it is impossible not to remark a rare concurrence both of statement and of opinion on the part of witnesses brought together from the most distant quarters. It is due to them to state, that they have generally given to your Committee the fullest information in the most open manner, and the frankness of the exposition of their views is no less remarkable than the ability with which they have made and support ed their statemeats. Having thus disclaimed the intention of giving even a summary of the evidence, your Committee assure the House that they are deeply impressed with the caution which appears to them necessary in drawing any general conclusions, or in offering any positive opinions, where national interests of such vital importance are concerned, where doubts so reasonable exist, and where errors so fatal may be committed ; they remember " that the agricul ture of the kingdom is the first of all its concerns, the foundation of all its prosperity in every other matter by which that prosperity is produced ;" and they cannot forget what Mr. Bunke has so truly stated, " that it is a perilous thing to try experi ments on the farmer—on the farmer, whose capital is far more feeble than commonly is imagisied, whose trade is a very poor one, for it is subject to great risks and losses; the capital, such as it is, is turned but once in the year; in some branches it requires even three years before the money is re paid ;" and although it is in the power of the Le gislature to do much evil, yet it can do little posi tive good by frequent interference with agricultural industry. If these be general principles, which are true in ordinary times, the peculiar circumstances of the present moment require also peculiar caution. On looking back at the report of the Committee in 1821, to whom the petitions complaining of the depressed state of the agriculture of the United Kingdom were referred, it will be found that the report commences by stating " that the complaints of the petitioners are founded in fact, in so far as they represent that at the present price of corn the returns to the occupier of an arable farm, after allow ing for the interest of his investment, are by no means adequate to the charges and outgoings, of which a considerable proportion can be paid only out of the capitals, and not from the profits of the tenantry." The average price of wheat for the year 1821 was 545. sd. per quarter. The average price of the present year is 535. H; and although some of the charges connected with general taxation have been reduced since 1821, yet the local burdens, such as poor-rate and county-rate, have, in most parts of England, been grievously augmented. The Com mittee of 1821 arrived at the conclusion, " that the returns of farming capital were at that time con siderably below the ordinary rate of profit ;" and no evidence adduced before your Committee of diminished outgoings, contrasted with the change of prices in the interval, would warrant, at this mo ment, a different conclusion. The Committee of 1821 expressed a hope " that the great body of the occupiers of the soil, either from the savings of more prosperous times or from the credit which punctuality commands in this country, possess resources which will enable them to surmount the difficulties under which they now labour." Your Committee, with deep regret, are bound rather to express a fear that the difficulties alone remain unchanged, but that the savings are either gone or greatly diminished, the credit failing, and the resources being generally exhausted; and this opinion is formed, not on the evidence of rent payers, but of many most respectable witnesses, a s well owners of land as surveyors and land-agents. The Genmittee of 1821 assumed " what they believed to be then true, that the annual produce of corn, the growth of the United Kingdom, was upon an average crop about equal to the annual consump tion," Your Committee, on the contrary, is satis fied by the strongest concurrent testimony from different parts of Great Britain, that the occupiers of the inferior soils, especially of heavy clay land, have of late expended less capital and labour in their cultivation. This neglect, arising from low profit and prices inadequate to the cost of production, combined with a series of wet seasons, peculiarly disadvantageous to land of this description, has caused a diminution in the gross amount of produce and the discontinuance of the use of artificial ma nures, together with a system of over-cropping, has impaired the productive power of these in ferior soils; and in some cases, where the poor-rate is heavy, their cultivation has been entirely aban doned. Moreover, it is not unworthy of observa tion, that these clay lands arc in many instances proved to be ancient corn land, on which wheat has been grown from time immemorial; and in the Weald of Sussex a remarkable instance was adduced, where rent and poor-rate together amounted now to the same charge per acre as before the war of 1792; but these burdens had changed places; the Bs, an acre, which was rent in 1792, is row poor rate; the 4s. per acre, which was the poor-rate then, is now the rent. But the diminished growth of wheat cannot be considered apart from the amount of stock on hand; and the evidence of Mr. Jacob on this subject is no less striking than important, especially since his ge neral view is confirmed by the local experience of occupying farmers throughout England. " MR. JACOB'S EVIDENCE. " Do you conceive, taking the dealers from ?he great dealers in sea -port towns to the small dealers in market -towns, there is a lessening in the stocks such persons hold ?—Certainly, of English wheat. " Could you state in what proportion to the time the stocks were considered high P—l did suppose at one time, when we had a harvest in 1816 which was so very deficient, we had then six months' con sumption in the country ; I do not think there has been a month's consumption in the country at the time of the harvest since 1829. " Can you form any opinion of what was the capital s suppose,they have in been som p ay ing a g cause of th e re d uce d stoc k i n t h e h an d s o f t h e farm ers some measure, e, r the eat reduction dealo f teat f out of their capital. " You say that in 1816, preceding the bad bar vest of that year, you think there were six months' consumption in store, and recently not more than one month; supposing the harvest of 1816 was to come over again, from whence do you contemplate t h e supply?—lt could not be supplied from all the world. My opinion is, that if we were to diminish the growth of English wheat by one-tenth part of that now produced, we should not be in a safe state in case of a deficient harvest, for all the world could not make up the deficiency. We are now about four weeks in the year deficient in our growth on the average ; last year the harvest was one month earlier than the year previous, so that we were en abled to get to the end of the year. The harvest of 1832 ought to supply thirteen months, and I dare say it will do so; but if we have a deficient harvest, and the next harvest gives us but eleven months' supply, and owing to bad weather it be de ficient one-tenth more, there would then be such a deficiency as all the world could not easily supply, at any price, for wheat is not the food of man in any other country to the same extent as in England. " In France even, where wheat is much more used than in the north and east of Europe, Chaptal states that there are only about 17,000,000 of quarters a year grown, of which near 3,000,000 are wanted for seed, and :that for a population of 30,000,000 persons, whilst we require nearly as much for half that number of persons.' On. this branch of the subject, after the most full inquiry and the most careful consideration of the evidence, your Committee have formed a decided opinion, that the stocks of home-grown wheat in the hands of the farmer and of the dealer at the time of harvest have gradually diminished; that the produce of Great Britain is, on the average of years, unequal to the consumption; that the increased supply from Ireland does not cover the deficiency; and that in the present state of agriculture the United Kingdom is, in years of ordinary production, partially de pendent on the supply of wheat f, om foreign countries. Your Committee has already glanced at the in crease of certain out-goings borne by the farmer, which, it is clearly established in evidence, have not been compensated by a corresponding reduction of his fixed money payments; on the contrary, while the profitable returns from land have generally de creased, the burdens to which it is subject have been augmented. The poor-rate is heavier, the county-rate is heavier, the highway-rate has in creased; and the evidence would lead to the con clusion, that the outgoings of the farmer are gene rally larger than he can afford to pay during the present prices of agricultural produce, without a sacrifice of the profit on his capital which he is entitled to realise; those outgoings, however, which the law does not impose, are placed beyond the control of the Legislature, are private bargains, open from time to time, and regulated by competition; and where Par liament cannot interfere, any recommendation or opinion pronounced by your Committee would cer tainly be inefficacious for good, perhaps even pro ductive of evil. Who are to judge what profit, rent, and wages ought to be? Certainly, no legislative authority; for these are matters of convention dic tated by the reciprocal convenience of the parties, and silently indeed, but surely, adjusted by their reciprocal necessities. In proportion as both rent and wages are excluded from the cognizance and the control of the Legisla ture, it becomes important that Parliament should watch with jealousy those burdens which are im posed by law on land, and which it is within their competency to revise and modify. The whole subject of the county rate is particu larly worthy of a separate consideration. The im proved arrangement of the gaols, admitting of the classification and separation of criminals; the pay ment of the costs of prosecutions, both at the assizes and quarter sessions, not only of felonies but of misdemeanors, whereby the want of a public prosecutor in England is now supplied ; the vast expenditure on bridges for the improvement of the great inland lines of communication, an object of national importance ; all these are growing charges imposed by law, levied by county-rate, and borne principally by land, anomalous from the circum stance that purposes of general utility are thus de- frayed by local taxation subject to abuse, be cause placed under the control of the authorities not personally responsible, and requiring, theref ore , in th e opinion of your Committee, the early and deliberate attention of the Legislature. Your Committee, in their inquiries, have nor overlooked the subject of tithes, a burden which materially affects the outlay of capital in the im provement and cultivation of the soil; and they re port with satisfaction, that on the part both of the laity and of the clergy, of the tithe-owner and of the tithe-payer, the desire of a fixed computation is very generally expressed. The removal of an ob stacle to the outlay of capital on land, which a per manent commutation of tithe on moderate terms would effect, is a national object of the highest im portance, for the attainment of which the temper of the present moment would seem to be favourable. The tithe-owner would be relieved from the cost of collection, and would gain by the substitution of a certain for an uncertain income, while the tithe payer would be exempt from collection in kind, and from the discouragement of industry inherent in a system which gives a certain share of the produce to a party who partakes neither in the risks nor in the losses of production. The administration of the poor laws in England affects so directly the condition of every class in society connected with land, that it is impossible for your Committee to leave the subject unnoticed, especially since, in the course of their inquiries,much useful information has been elicited on this point. A special commission having been appointed by the Crown for the purpose of investigating the ad ministration and operation of the poor laws, and the final report of this commission having not yet been presented, your Committee abstain from offer ing any suggestions in detail ; but they earnestly re commend - to the attention of the House the evidence of Mr. Smith Woolley, who details the success of Mr. Beecher's plan of management, which has been It is, is the, However, labouring adopted in 50 par i s h es i n N ottinghamshire, and which has p ro d uce d a l arge diminution of the rate, and a posi t i ve i ncrease o f comfort and independence arn i e i poor. ecs ar y to observe, that Mr. 13eechet's plan is calculated rather to arrest the early progress than to eradicate the inveterate evils of a system of mal-administration. The evidence of Mr. Blamire is most satisfactory with respect - to the northern comities of England, where able-bodied men still maintain themselves and families on wages without the aid of the poor-rate; and the great abuse would seem to be more preva lent in the southern counties, where wages are paid out of the rate, where the system of roundsmen has been longest established, where the father of the family r • iceive s an increased allowance on the birth of each child, where the supply of labour is re dundant • , and where a premium is thus indirectly offered to improvident marriages and to an increase of population. The labour-rate has been introduced in these dis tricts us a palliative to evils which had become in tolerable : its effect has produced temporary relief: but the measure must be viewed with suspicion and adopted with caution, since it is contrary to every sound principle, interfering directly iA i h the natural demand for labour, levying, in many cases, the wages of labour from those who are not its em- I )l °Yers) and absolutely destroying the distinction be tween pauperi sm an d i n d epen d ence. It is als o wort h y o f cons i deration, whet h er , i n parishes where the supply of labour is greater than the demand, th e l aw o f settlement, as i t now exists, may not aggravate the evil. Its tendency is i to pre vent the fr ee c i rcu l at i on of labour, to chain t to the spot where it is not wanted, and to check its natural