The Sun. — London, England, 1863-10-27 00:00:00

T:E.E WEDGWOOD INSTITUTE, THE (' :HANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER AND E 11L GRANVILLE IN THE POTTERIES. c present age of testimonials and memorials it is a matter for surprise that the genius of the fattier of English ceramic art should have been left unrecognised until the year 1863. His labours now, how , ,iver, bid fair to have something like a fitting memorial in the midst of a district in which he for.nded a manufacture that, even in his own time, rf.ised Staffordshire Pottery to the level of a fine fie. The memorial fittingly takes the form of an in stitute for working men, in the old town of Burslem, known in the district as "the mother of the Pot teries." The ceremony of laying the foundation-stone was performed by the Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P., supported by Earl Granville, K.G., and the Hon. Robert Lowe. No more fitting person could have been chosen to fulfil the duty. Mr. Gladstone arrived at Bnrslem by the 11 a.m. train from Ha warden Castle, and met with a very enthusiastie re ception from a large crowd of persons who were assembled at the station, and who loudly cheered the right hon. gentleman. Mr. Gladstone, who was accompanied by Mrs. Gladstone, Miss Gladstone, Sir Stephen Glyn, Lady Glyn, and the Rev. Mr. Glyn, wasmet by Mr. Sheriff Hill, of Hill Pottery, and the party proceeded at once to that gentleman's house in carriages. The ceremony of laying the foundation -stone was fixed for one o'clock, at which time the hustings on which it took place presented a very brilliant ap pearance, being crowded by a vast assemblage of gaily attired ladies and gentlemen. Mr. Gladstone and Earl,Granville on their arrival were both loudly cheered. The cheers which greeted the appearance of Mr. Gladstone having subsided, Th e high Sheriff stepped forward and presented an address to the Chancelor of the Exchequer. The, working men of the district also presented an addri;ss. Pee Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.P,, then preyeeeded a midst the cheers of the spectators, to per fo rm the ceremony of laying the foundation stone of the new building. A splendid porcelain casket, containing the coins of the present year, with a scroll containing the name of the institute and the date of the building, having been handed to him by the 1 - I!gh Bailiff, and deposited by Mr. Gladstone in the cavity underneath the stone, which was then gradually lowered, the right hoe. gentleman applied the plummet line, spread the mortar, and gently tapped. the stone with his mallet when lowered, with. the grace and neatness of a perfect artist. The com.pletioa of the ceremony was hailed by a burst of cheers arid the firing of cannon. Mr. GLIDSTONE then proceeded to deliver the fols lowingatideess Matti:4h Bailiff, My Lords, Ladies, and Gentlennen—lV e have now laid this stone in honour of Josiah Wedgwood, with a view es I hope to the per tnaueut and effectual benefit of the people of his birthplace. The occupations and demands of political life compel many of those who pursue it, and myself amongst the number, to make a rule of declining all invitations of a local chanacte r except such as be within their own iermsediate and personal sphere. But when I receive, through one of your respected representatives an invitation to co-operate with you in the foundation of the Wedgwood Institute, I could not hesitate to admit that a de sign of this kind was at least, in my view, u.ot a local but, when properly re garded, rather a national design. Partly it may be classed as national, because the manutacture of earthenware in its varied and innumerable branches, is fast becoming, or hes indeed become, one of our great and distinguishing British manufactures. But it is for another and a broader reason that I desire tea treat the purpose you have now in hand as a purpose of national rather than merely local or partial interest. It is because there are certain prin cipl sal applicable to manufacture, by the observance or neglect of which its products are rendered good or, bad. These principles were applied by Wedg wood with a consistency and tenacity that cannot be oo closely observed. These principles being his, and being true, were also in no small degree peculiar to his practice, and deserved to be in the permanent annals of art especially associated with his name. I am engaged, as I am aware, in a somewhat perilous undertaking, for, having to speak to you about a man and a business, I am obliged to begin by con fessing what, i I did not confess it, you would soon discover for yourselves, namely, that of both of them my knowledge is scanty, theoretic, and remote ; while you breathe the air, inherit the traditions, in some cases bear the very name of the man, and have a knowledge of the business, founded upon experi ence and upon interest, in all its turns and stages, and from its outer skin, so to speak, to its inner most core. It is the learner who for the moment stands in the teacher's place, and, instead of listen ing with submission, seems to aim at speaking with authority. It would be easy to enlarge in this course of remark; but I must stop, or I shall soon demon strate that I ought not to be here at all. Let me, then, offer something on the same side. First, I have to assure you that, whatever I shall say, I s t ,° l3 tait with entire deference to the judgment of con fidence who are better informed, and with a full " T ifuleame that, if erroneous, it would be core l ' e a c4 `'d) and if false exploded. S e condly, as an °eeereer according to my limited capacity and he arts of Bathe manufacture in its various branches --I have formed deliberately so very high an esti ni his part i jo te xti o: Wedgwood, in relation not merely to industrial P r od uction, that but to the general laws of opportunity of stating that I am glad to have an it to iltin g it fully and fairly, in order to bring thirdly, in the tr ial o b y the public judgment ; and the Crown, an ce whieh I hold as a servant to with the ,whichindustr y place s me in incessant con tactvv,.itsre, from amatiic e n f t the country in its several - branches, I which I feel in its the deep interest to the principles of We to bear my testimony speak, an apostle, ea a moreover was, so to testimony any little w e i g h t w c h r! to give to that and such a deep interest a n d ac :_ ell such an office, lished by it, may be likely, in the relations estab qualifications to impart. Thin ab sence of higher Y yeara a go it Probably have been held by many, go it would still be the thought of some, th at „ s a nd it may mar w hich I have now to speak are mat ter s hi be left to regulate themselves, T ch may we o yi n , trade in all its branches th e di c ate for Princi p l e of self-regu l a ti on h as b een for an d power ti a quarters o f a century a principal functio n of the nt. But the very sam e stage British Parham• age in d eocial existence which has tau g h t our political an e beneficial aplication of law us the true and ben e has lik e wise disclosed to a , s of political economy, the science, and of the field of the just limits of n The very same age its practical applicatio n which has seen the State str ik e off the fetters of with b oldnes s industry has also seen it in terpose for protection of labour. (Cheers.) The same spirit of polity which has taken from the producer t he enjoyment of preferences paralysing to him, and most costly to the community at largo, has offered him the aids of knowledge and instruction, by whatever means, either of precept or example, Public authority could command. We ma y co nsider the products of i n d us t r y w ith reference to their util ity, or to their cheapness, or to their in fluence upon the condition of those who produce them, or lastly to Which they as soc iate the presentation of forms and colours agreeable to the cultivated eye with the attainment of the: of common life hi ghest aptitude for these purposes (hear.) for Now, as toi whi ch they are p roper l y d es i gne d. coneiderea al one, vv, their utility an d conven i ence con sumer, who will not ula y leave that, to the to their b uycheapnes Whe n does n o t su i t him. been taken that an y' enter: "?° security has society ihould not be forced to pay an artificial pri ce mem bers for their production s , We some of its lee ye. the question to the a n t i„ o'ef. may safely erneacturere, an d of c ompetition flY7Ongwhat we term .h o laws of 771 2P 1 7 and demand. A 4 ti me workpeople, e a , • to aeleaao,earn it respect to the Facory A cts , 10 laying down that we should do w rong °.°3- ab stract maeim tzs an invariable rule. Generally, i t n'ion is always egniest may be said,ithe presur n, any legislative interference, but that upon special grounds, and most of all where children are em ployed, it may sometimes not only be wsrranted, but . required. This, however, tho u .; '• I may again revert to it, is not for to-day our special sub ject. We come then to the last of the heads which I have named, the association of beauty with utility, each of them taken according to their largest sense in the business of industrial production. And it is in this department that I conceive we are to look for the peculiar pre-eminence—l will not scruple to say, the peculiar greatness—of Wedgwood. Do not let us suppose that when we speak either of a mat ter which is light and fanciful or of one which may, like some of those I have named, be left to take care of itself. Beauty is not an accident of things. It pertains to their essence; it pervades the wide range of creation—(cheers)—and, wherever it is impaired or banished, we have in this fact the proof of the moral disorder which pervades the world. (Cheers.) Reject, therefore, the false philosophy of those who will ask, " What does it matter, provided a thing be useful, whether it be beautiful or not ?" and say in reply that we will take our lesson from Almighty God, who in His works bath shown us, and in His Word also bath told us, that " He hath made every thing"—not one thing or another thing, bat every thing—" beautiful in his time." (Cheers.) Among all the decrees of creation, there is not one more wonderful, whether it be the movement of the hea venly bodies or the succession of the seasons and the years, or the adaptation of the world and its pheno mena to the conditions of human life, or the struc ture of the eye or hand, or any other part of the frame, of man—not one of these is more wonder ful than the profuseness with which the mighty Maker has shed over the works of His hand an endless and boundless beauty. (Loud cheers.) And to this constitution of things outward the constitution and mind of man, deranged although they be, still answer from within. Down to the humblest condition of life, down to the lowest and most backward grade of civilisation, the nature of man craves, and seems as if it were even to cry aloud, for something —some sign or token at the least of what is beautiful in some of the many spheres of mind or sense. (Cheers.) It is that which makes the Spitalfields weaver, amid the murky streets of London, train canaries and bull finches to sing to him at his work; that leads the peasant of Pembrokeshire to !paint the outside of his cottage in lively colours; and prompts in the humbler classes of women a desire for some little personal ornament, certainly not without its dan gers—for what sort of indulgence can ever be without them P yet sometimes, perhaps, too sternly repressed from the high and luxurious places of society. We trace the operation of this principle yet more conspicuously in a loftier region in that instinct of rational and Christian piety which taught the early masters of the fine arts to clothe the noblest objects of our faith, and espe cially the idea of the sacred person of our Lord, in the noblest fortes of beauty that their minds could conceive or their hands could execute. (Cheers.) It is, in short, difficult for human beings to harden themselves at all points against the impression and the charm of beauty. (Cheers.) Every form of life that can be called in any sense natural will admit them. 1 know not whether there is any one among the many species of human aberration that renders a man so entirely callous as the lust of gain in its extreme degrees. That passion, where it has full dominion, excludes every other. It shuts out even what might be called redeeming infirmities ; it blinds men to the sense of beauty as much as to the perception of justice and right. Cases might be named of countries where greediness for money holds dominion, and where unmitigated ugliness is the principal characteristic of industrial products, On the other hand, I do not helleae it extravagant to say that the pursuit of the element of beauty in the business of production will be found to act with a genial character and refined influence on the com mercial spirit; that up to a certain point it is in the nature of a preservative against some of the moral dangers that beset trade and manufacturing enter prise ; and that we are justified in regarding it not merely as an economical benefit—not merely as con tributing to our work an element of value—not merely as supplying a particular faculty of human nature with proper food—but as a liberalising and civilising power, and an instrument in its own sphere of moral and social improvement. Indeed, it would be strange if a deliberate departure from what we see to be the law of nature in its outward sphere was the road to a close conformity with its innermost or highest laws. But now let us not conceive that, because the love of beauty finds for itself a place in the general heart of mankind, therefore we need never make it the object of special atteution, or put in action special means to promote and uphold it; for, after all, our attachment.to it is a matter of degree, and of degree which experience has shown to be in different places, and in different times, inde finitely variable. We may not be able to reproduce the time of Pericles, or of the Cinque Cento ; but yet it depends upon our own choice whether we shall or shall not have a title to claim kindred, however remotely, with them. What we are bound to is this, to take care that everything we make shall, in its kind and class, be as good as we can make it. When Dr. Jelineon, whom Staffordshire must ever place among her most distinguished ornaments, was asked by Mr. Boswell how he had attained to his extraordinary excellence in conver sation, he replied that he had no other rule or system than this, that whenever he had anything to say, he tried to say it in the beet manner that he was able. (Hear, hear.) It is this perpetual striving after excellence on the one hand, or the want of such effort on the other, which, mote than the ori ginal difference of gifts, contributes to bring about the differences we see in the works and characters of men. Such efforts are more rare in proportion as the object in view is higher, the reward more distant. In the application of beauty to works of utility the reward is generally distant. A new element of labour is imported into the process of production, and that element, like others, must be paid for. In the modern publica tion which the firm of Wedgwood and Bentley put forth under the name of a catalogue, but which really contains much sound and useful information on the principles of industrial art, they speak plainly on the subject. They say—" There is another error common with those who are not over well acquainted with the particular difficulties of a given art. They often say that a beautiful object can be manufac tured as cheaply as an ugly one. A moment's re flection would undeceive them." The beautiful oh ism would be dearer than one perfectly bare and b e ad ; not because utility is compromised for the ake of beauty, but because there• may be more manual labour, and there must be more thought in the or i ginalwh design. Therefore the manufacturer, hditescoipseirnoaeaaluieletyttlitnheought must and ought to be to cheaPela count of thle"cg: that can be , bt e e n a d u e ty avouring to dispense with all Pared, is under much temptation to economical laws stand as an item in the he medeaery:;:tetorauaourtkbry, sainisneoetthmheesr t ut production. So the pressure of of trade. A nti y e e l t in severely on the fi ner elements as in other ea seee _ in it may be argued that in this, bility and eoliths the ease , for example, of dura first is not cheap Y ;ji t n ha t t he w rcil appears cheapest at two reasons. In the a Ong run, And this for Brat place , because in the long Price for beauty. run mankind are willing t o Franco is the second cote f foere:italbre the and her command o principle that taste h real ele gance referable in a great world, of her productions, to the establish in the most all an ex einhtaenigligeaibbilee v fo a r l m ue But there seems way by w hich the law of nature arri ves at its re venue upon the shortsighted trust for ch eapness. W hey in, s q, by finding beauty expensive, We decline to pay artists for producing it , Then em ployment ceases, and t he y disa p pear. Presentl y W e find that works reduced to utter baldness do not sa tisfy. We have to meet a demand for embellish ment of some tried, "t production. We who knew the laws and mode of •9 but we have s tarved out the race substitute stren g th for fle"- n r, quantity for quAty. and we end by producillg t..-s) or hideous maltorma incongruous bons, of a greate r cos t th a n would have sufficed for the nourishment among us of chaste and virgin art. So the penalty of error may be certain ; b u t the reward of sound judgment and right action, depending as it does, not on to-day or to-morrow, but en the long future, is remote. In the same proportion it is wise to call in aid all the secondary resources we can command. Among these instruments, and among the best of them, is to be reckoned the foundation of institutes like this, for they not only supply the willing with means of instruction, but they bear witness from age to age to the principle on which they are founded. They carry down the tradition of good times through the slumber and the night of bad times, ready to point the path to excellence when the dawn returns again. I heartily trust the institute may be one worthy of its founder and of its object. But now let us draw nearer to the immediate character and office of him whom I may call our hero. His most signal and charactoriitic merit lay in the fineness and fullness of his per- ception of the true law of what we term industrial art; or, in other words, of the application of the higher art to industry, the law which teaches us to aim first at giving to every object the greatest possible degree of fitness and convenience for its purpose, and next at making it the vehicle for the highest degree of beauty which compatibility for that fitness and convenience it will bear ; it does not substitute the secondary for the primary end, but recognises as part of its business the study to harmonise the two. To have a strong grasp of this principle, and to work it out to its result in the details of a vast and varied manufacture is praise high enough for any man. But it was higher and more peculiar in the case of Wedgwood than any other man. For that truth of art which he saw so clearly, and which lies at the root of excellence, was one of which England has not usually had a perception at all corresponding with her other rare endowments. She has long taken lead among the nations of Europe for the cheapness of her manufactures. Not so for their beauty ; and if the day shall ever come when she shall be as eminent for taste as she is now for economy of production, my belief is that result will probably be due to no other single man in so great a degree as to Wedgwood. This part of the subject, however, deserves a fuller consideration. There are three regions given to man for the exer cise of his faculties in the production of objects and the performance of acts conducive to civilisation and to the ordinary use of life. Of these, one is the homely sphere of simple utility. hat is done is done for some purpose of absolute necessity, or im mediate use; what is produced is produced with an almost implicit regard to its value and exchange — to the market, the piece, and day. A dustman can not be expected to move with the grace of a fairy, nor can his cart be constructed on the flowing lines of a Greek chariot of war: Not but that, even in this unpromising domain, beauty also has her place, Then there is the lofty sphere of pure thought, and its numerous organs ; the sphere of poetry and the highest arts. Here, again the place of utility is narrowed, and the production of the beautiful in one or other of its innumerable forms is the supreme if not the only object. I believe it to be undeniable that in both of these spheres, widely separated as they are, the faculties of Englishmen, and the dis tinctions of England have been of the very first order. In the power of economical production she example--she must be is at the head of all the nations of the earth. If in the fine arts—painting for content with a second place, yet in poetry, whi ch ranks even higher than painting, she may fairly challenge all the !micas of Christendom, and none but Italy can as yet en ter into s erious competiti on with the land of Shakspeare. (Cheers.) I for one should admit that, while thus pre-eminent in the pursuit of pure beauty on one side, and of unmixed utility on the other, she has been far less fortunate in that intermediate region where art is brought into contact with industry, and where the pair may wed together. This is a region alike va st and diversified. Upwards it embraces architectur e —an art which, while it affords the noblest scope f or g race and grandeur, is, or rather ought to be strictly tied dowu to the purposes of convenience. Down wards it extends to a very large proportion of the products of human industry; but, while all the objects of trade and manufacture admit of funda mental differences in point of fitness and unfitness, probably the major part of them admit of funda mental differences also in point of beauty or ugli ness. Utility is not to be sacrificed for b eaut y , but they are helpful to each other, and it may he safe l y asserted generally compatible and often p ositivel y that the periods when the study of beauty have been neglected have usually been marke d not b y a more successful pursuit of utility, but by a general decline in the energies of man. In Greece, the foun tain head of our instruction on these m atters, the season of her highest historic splendour was also summer of her classic poetry and art; and in con templating her architecture we scarcely know whether most to admire the acme of beauty, or the perfect obedience to the laws of mechanic contriv ance. The arts of Italy were the offspring of her freedom—(cheers) —and with its death they lan guished and decayed. In the particular department of industrial art, France perhaps, of all modern nations, has achieved the greatest distinction, and and there is nocountry which has displayed, through a long course of ages, a more varied activity, or acquired a greater number of titles to renown. It would be easy to show that the reputation which England has long enjoyed with the trading world has been for cheap and not beautiful productions. In some great branches of manufacture we were until late dependent upon patterns from abroad. In others our work presented nothing but a dreary waste of capricious ugliness. Some of us remember with what avidity, some thirty or forty years back, the ladies of England smuggled every article of dress and ornament from France. That practice has now ceased, partly perhaps because there are no longer any duties to evade — (l au ghter)—but also because the preference has, in some degree, been modified, because of the great progress made in the taste which this country applies to industry. I have understood that for some of the textile fabrics patterns are net imported only, but also exported and exchanged. Let us not treat this as a matter of blame to our forefathers and commendation to ourselves. It has not been suffi ciently considered what immense disadvantages were 'brought on the country as respects the appli cation of fine art to industry by the great revolu tionary war. Not only was the engrossing cha racter of a deadly struggle unfavourable to all such purpose, but our communion with the civilised world was placed under restraint, and we were in great measure excluded from a resort to those cities and countries which possessed the greatest abund ance of examples bequeathed by former excellence. Nor could it be expected that Kings and Govern- , ments, absorbed in a conflict of life and death, and dependent for the means of sustaining it on enor mous and cotstant loans, would spare either thought or money from war and its imperious de mands for these, the most pacific among all the purposes of peace. At any rate, I take it to be nearly certain that the period of the war was a pe riod of general and progressive depression and even degradation, in almost every branch of industrial art, that the fabrics of your own manufacture, for example, were in point of beauty, much inferior to what they had been at a former time—that the older factories had in some cases died out, in others, such a Worcester, for instance, they declined—and that whereas Wedgwood is said to have exported five-sixths of what he made, we had not only lost any hold such as he had gained upon the foreign market, but we owed the loss in part, at least, to our marked decline in excellence and taste. I submit, however, that, considering all that England has that done in the sphere of pure beauty on the one side, and in the sphere of cheap and useful manufacture wheremadeh on . the other, it not only is needless, but would be e the illustrious ierarlational, to suppose that she lies under any honourableradi r intermediate e f for excelling x t c w e 1 0 l i joinng also ha n ham's, n not think that a mete or ic n° Wedgwood gained the distinctions which have I m, in the language of Mr. Smiles, "Wedgwood." (Cheers.) I do Wedgwood should be regarded as n strange phenomeno n , more native to us and atoneof thei n fro m usr industry, appearance si heaven, ngle p e or a f. ours than happy accident without Rare, indeed, example and without re turn.such men in the histor y hars it in4y here been Mnng ourselves ; for, what- ever the merit of others, such in particular as Mr. Minton, yet I for one should scruple to place any of them in the same class with Wedgwood. No one is like him—no one, it may almost be said, is even second to him ; but the line on which he moved is a line in which every one engaged in manufacture, of whetever branch, may move after him and like him. And as it is the wisdom of man universally to watch against his besetting errors, and to strengthen him self in his weakest point, so it is the study and fol lowing of Wedgwood and Wedgwood's principles which may confidently be recommended to our pro- ducers as the specific cure for the specific weakness of English industry. Of imagination, fancy, taste, of the higher cultivation in all its forms, this great nation has abundance; of industry, skill, persever ance, mechanical contrivance, it has a yet larger stock, which overflows our narrow bounds and floods the world. The one great want is to bring these two groups of qualities harmoniously together ; and this was the peculiar excellence of Wedgwood—his excellence peculiar in such a degree as to gain his name a place above every other, so far as I know, in the history of British industry—(cheers)—and remarkable and entitled to fame even in the history of the industry of the world. (Cheers.) We make our first introduction to Wedgwood about the year 1741, as the youngest of a family of 13 children, and as put to earn his bread, at 11 years of age, to the trade of his father, and in the branch of a " thrower." Then comes the well-known attack of smallpox, the settling of the dregs of his disease in the lower part _ _ . of the leg, and the amputation of the limb, render ing him lame for life. It is not often that we have such palpable occasions to record our obligations to the smallpox—(a laugh)—but in the wonderful ways of Providence, that disease, which came to him as a twofold scourge, was probably the occasion of his subsequent excellence. It prevented him from growing up to be the active, vigorous English work man, possessed of all his limbs, and knowing right well the use of them. It put him upon consider ing whether, as he could not be that, he might not be something else and something greater. (Cheers.) It sent his mind inward, and drove him to meditate upon the laws and secrets of his art ; the result was that he arrived at the perception and the grasp of them, which might perhaps have been - _ envied, and certainly had been owned, by an Athenian potter. Relentless criticism has torn to pieces the old legend of King Numa receiving in a cavern, from the nymph Egeria, the laws that were to govern Rome; but no criticism can shake the re- cord of that illness and mutilation of the boy, Josiah Wedgwood, which made for him a cavern of his bed room an oracle of his own inquiring, searching, meditative and fruitful mind. (Cheers.) From those early days o f suffering—weary, perhap s , t o him as they went by, but bright, surely, in the re trospect, both to him and to us—a mark seems at once to have been set upon his career. But those who would dwell upon his history have still to de plore that many of the materials are still wanting. It is not creditable to his country or his art that the life of Wedgwood should still remain unwritten Here is a man who, in the well-chosen words of his epitaph, "converted a rude and inconsiderable manufacture into an elegant art—into an imp'ortant branch of national commerce." Here is a man who, beginning as it were from zero, had, unaided by the Royal or national gifts which were founa neces• sary to uphold the glories of Levres, Chelsea, and of Dresden, produced works, truer, perhaps, to the Inexorable laws of art than the fine fabrics that proceeded from those establishments, and scarcely less attractive to a polished taste. (Cheers.) Here is a man who found his business cooped within a narrow valley by the want of even tolerable com munications, and who, while he devoted his mind to lifting that business from meanness, and ugliness, and weakness, to the highest excellence of material and form, had su r pl us ener gy to take a leading part in great engineering works like the Grand Trunk Canal from the Mersey to the Trent, which made the raw material of his industry abun dant and cheap, which supplied a vent for the manufactured article, and opened for it mate riahy a way to the outer world. Lastly, here is a man who found his country dependent upon others for its supplies of all the finer earthern ware, but who, by his single strength, re versed the inclination of the scaie, and scattered the products of his genius and skill all over the breadth of the Continent of Europe. And here I would say that since I come to this room I have received a let ter, in which occurs the following quotation from the travels in England of a French gentleman; M. Panes St. Fond. He says, referring to Wedgwood, " His excellent workmanship, its solidity, the ad vantage it possesses of standing the action of fire, its fine glaze impenetrable to acids, the beauty and variety of its forms, and its moderate price, have created a commerce so active and unusual that, in travelling from Paris to St. Petersburg, from Am sterdam to the furthest point of Sweden, from Dun kerque to the southern extremity of France, one is served at every inn from English earthernware. The same fine articles adorning the tables of Spain, Portugal, and Italy, it provides the cargoes of ships for the East Indies, the West Indies, and America." (Cheers.) It is strange that the life of such a man in this " nation of shopkeepers," as we are called, should at this date remain unwritten ; but I have heard with much pleasure a rumour, which I hope is true, that such a gap in our literature is about to be filled up. All that we know, however, of the life of Wedgwood seems to be eminently characte ristic. We find the works of his earliest youth already impressing a new character upon his trade —a character of what may be called efficiency com bined with taste, and with the best basis of taste, a loving and docile following of nature. We find him beginning his partnerships when manhood was but just attained, first with Harrison, secondly with Whieldon, but last, as we might naturally expect in the case of a spirit so energetic and expansive, we find that in each of these cases the bed did not give him room enough to lie on or turn in, and in 1759, as soon as his articles expire, he escapes from the unequal yoking, and enters into business by him self. But this, though a natural, was not a final stage. It was necessary that he, who was the soul, should be the centre and head, but it was also ne cessary that he should surround himself at all points with an official staff for a great, varied, and not merely reforming, but creative work. Hence he associated himself with Mr. Richard Bentley as a partner, who is stated to have chiefly superintended the London business, but who has credit for having supplied the information necessary to enable the foreigner to enter so largely on the handling of classical designs. Hence he employed Mr. Chisholm as an experimental chemist, and other scientific men, in the several branches of the busi ness; hence his connection with Flaxman, w hi c h has redounded alike to the honour of the one and of the other. (Cheers.) It was t he f ashion to say ower s but that she admi f,and in like manner some that Queen Elizabeth was not proved to be a n w i o st m e a re n d o w f e it a n tr v a a o s r t d p in o az r p might be tempted to suspect, when they see Wedg . wood thus surrounded, that .his merit lay chiefly in the choice of instruments and coadjutors, and that to them the main part of the praise is due. The right hon. gentleman then proceeded tebly to criti cise the merits of Wedgwood's productions, point ing out how beneficially the industry created by the distinguished firm of Wedgwood had operated on the population of the district in which it was situated. Of these the right hon. gentleman said, we find them increased in the course of some 25 years to about treble, abun dantl y em p lo y ed, pros perous, and comfortable. (Cheers.) Nor was this multiplication only without improvement, for he goes on to quote from John Wesley, who had been petted at Burslem in 1760, the following words ; " I returned to Buralem. How is the whole face of the country chsnged in about 20 years, since which the inhabitants have continually flowed in from every side ! Hence the wilderness is literally be come a fruitful field ; houses, villages, towns, hav e sprung up, and the country is not improved more than the people." (Loud cheers.) It is impossible to conceive a testimony more honourable to Wedg wood ; nor can I better conclude these remarks than by uttering the cordial hope that you, his successors, who have during late years earned so much honour for the taste and industry of the country, may profit more and more effectually by the lessons which your great foreruener has bequeathed you, THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 27, 1863, and may find at least one substantial part of your reward in witnessing around you a thriving and contented, a healthy and a happy po., pulation. Immediately on the conclusion of the address the company adjourned to the Town Hall, where a sumptuous banquet was prepared. Earl GRANVILLE, K.G., presided. On the removal of the cloth he gave, in appropriate terms, the toasts of the Queen, Prince and Princess of Wales, and the rest of the royal family, which were loyally responded to, Mr. ADDERLEY, M.P., next proposed the Army, the Navy, and the Volunteers, which was responded to by Vis count Ingestre and Major Westhead. Mr. BERESFORD HOPE then proposed the Bishop and Clergy of the Diocese, and ministers of all denominations. The Bishop of Lichfield returned thanks. The CHIEF BAILIFF then proposed "The Health of Her Majesty's Ministers," which was drunk amid loud cheering. Earl GRANVILLE, in returning thanks, after a few intro ductory observations, said they had just heard the eloquent speech of Mr. B. Hope, who was always found ready to come forward to promote any object which aimed at the im provement of what might be termed our art-manufactures. Some time ago he (Earl Granville) had the pleasure of read ing a speech of Mr. B. Hope's, in which, commenting upon tt.e recent alterations is the minute of Council of Educa- tion, that gentleman had expressed an opinion that the prin ciple of payment for results should be applied to the Minis try. He (Earl Granville) certainly thought that it would be somewhat difficult to apply that principle to men engaged in the conduct of the affairs of the world, inasmuch as re sults did not always form a correct test of the exertions of a Prime Minister, or tho Chancellor of the Exchequer; and also for another reason, namely, that although it was undoubtedly true that party spirit was not so strong in this country now as it was formerly, yet he doubted whether it was so extinct that impartial judges could be found to say what the amount of the salary of the Minis try should' be. (Laughter.) He himself should cer tainly object to the application of any such principle, be cause, although he held an office of considerable dignity, it had at the same time a smaller amount of salary attached to it than was attached to any other office, so that he some times felt that he should like a little less dignity and a little more salary. If, however, the principle of payment by re sults was adopted, and he went to his right hon. friend the Chancellor of the Exchequer and asked him for an augmen tation, he was afraid his right hon. friend would say, " Where are your results ? I am sorry to disoblige you, but on a calm reflection on the circumstances, I think I must diminish it considerably." (Renewed laughter.) That prin• ciple applied neither to the Prime Minister nor to the Chan cellor of the Exchequer, for he could not but think, with out entering into details on the subject, that considering the tranquillity, the contentment, the order, the peace which reigned in this country—considering that it was on peaceful relations with all civilised natiwas—considering, at the same time, that the honour and dignity of the country had ever been preserved, many present would say, " Weil, after all, Lord Palmerston has for a long time been a faithful servant of the State, and if pecuniary reward were an object to him, he would deserve it as much as any statesman ever had done." (Loud cheers.) It was impossible to listen. to the able addresses presented to the Chancellor of the Exche quer that day, one of them so singularly remarkable, so sa tisfactory for the circumstances attending those by whom it had been presented, and stating the sentiments of work ing people that the recent commercial and financial legisla tion in this country has produced happy and useful results, without fully coinciding in such sentiments, (Cheers.) And when he found that the French treaty, within one year after its passing, had produced exports of pottery to France two or three times as much as the previous year, and when every year such exports were increasing, he could not but think that, so far from attempting to diminish the salary of his right hon. friend, they would increase it to such an extent as to allow him to indulge in his taste far, and to lavish money on productions of ceramic art. (Laughter and cheers) Her Majesty's Government might do wrong, and what man or Minister was not constantly doing wrong ? But he assured the company that they were animated in all their actions by a sincere desire for the welfare and prosperity of their country at home and for the maintenance of its honour and digaity abroad. As regarde the Poles, it was the policy of Ministers to hold themse:ves perfectly aloof from the quarrel, and having come to that conclusion it would have been heartless cruelty to the Poles themselves if the British Go vernment had led them to be dove that England would take up arms in their cause. (Hear, hear.) With regard to America, it was a theme almost too painful for him to touch upon. They deplored the calamities which were over whelming that unhappy country, but he could not help re marking that it was a matter of thankfulness that in conse quence of the opening of our markets this country, with the exception of one county, that of Lancaster, had suffered no no great distress in consequence of the American war. With respect to the different political parties engaged in that war he would offer no opinion. afferent feelings were entertained in this country in favour of or against both the Federal and the Confederate cause. Some of his most valued political friends were in favour of the Confederates, and others entertained an equally strong feeling in favour of the Federate. Her Majesty's Government had studied the American question most carefully, with the most sincere desire to arrive at an impartial view of the position in which that country was placed, and they had arrived at the con clusion that,whatever might be their feelings and sympathies one way or another, it was their duty to remain entirely neutral in the struggle, and not to suffer any irritation which might have been felt or expressed by either party to influ ence their proceedings. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) No body of men were more sincere in their wishes that this most lamentable internecine war should be brought to a speedy conclusion than were her Majesty's Govern ment. (Hear, hear.) With respect to other points of foreign policy, he might rdd that it had been the anxious desire of her Majesty's Government to avert what would have indubitably been a most calamitous war between two of our allies—namely, Denmark and Germany. (Hear, hear.) Every one felt that it was satisfactory to see Italy so calmly, so unostentatiously consolidating her position, and realising those bright aspirations of which no one had been a more eloquent exponent than his right hon. friend. (Cheers.) _ _ The arrangements of the day were excellent, and reflect the greatest credit on the hon. secretary, Mr. Woodall, and the committee of management. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. CHARING-CROSS (CITY EXTENSION). Yesterday workmen commenced sinking the cylinders for the central piers of the bridge between Banksine and Can. now•street, City. The ether cylinders, on the south Bile, are completed, and the land abutment is more than half finished. The viaduct thence through the Borough -market is also eomnienced, together with the demolition of a vast mass of property to make way for it. The bridge, though the same in design, will be 12 feet wider than that at Charing-cross, so as to accommodate five instead of four lines of rails, and it is understood that application will be made to Parliament for a public passenger-way on each side of it, similar to that at Charing-cross, to accommodate the Borough traffic and relieve London-bridge. NORTHUMBERLAND CENTRAL. The first half-yearly meeting of this company was held on Thursday at Alnwick—Earl Grey in the chair. The report of the directors stated that the principle on which the capital was originally proposed to be raised-- namely, by shares taken by landowners for the sake of the increased value to be conferred on their property by the railway, out of funds to be created on security of terminable rent-charges on their estates thus improved—had been deli berately adopted by a committee of the House of Lords, and would in all probability be embodied in a general Act of Parliament in the next session. If the total expense of the line should amount to £6,500 a mile, and the working ex penses he 50 per cent. of the gross traffic, a weekly receipt of £l2 per mile would pay 5 per cent. on the capital em barked. It was hoped that in every instance where land was taken for the purposes of this local railway the owners would consent either to take the ascertained value of their land in shares of the company or commute it into a perpe tual annuity, and that tenants would likewise agree, on the amount of compensation due to them for interference with their occupation, either by severance or actual abstraction of the land, being ascertained, to take shares of the com pany to that amount. The contractors might thus be put in immediate possession of the land, and the works pro gress without the usual vexatious and expensive proceed ings attendant on the acquisition of land taken under com pulsory powers of an Act of Parliament. If this were done, and a moderate addition made to the share capital already subscribed, amounting to £30,000, the contractors would commence with a staff and plant which in 18 months would complete the whole line. The directors had confirmed under sea 3of the company the contract for works and materials with Messrs Waring at a lump sum of £270,000. The re ceipts by subscription to preliminary expenses amounted to £2,048, and the legal Parliamentary and engineering ex penses to £5,036, leaving £3,011 as outstanding obligations. The CHAPMAN, in moving the adoption of the report, said the undertaking was projected and supported solely by those locally interested in the district through which the railway was intended to pass, and on that principle ho be lieved that a public and general Act would be passed in the next session of Parliament giving to landowners the power of charging their estates for the purpose of taking shares in railways to the extent of the increased value given to their land by them. The report was adopted, and the directors and auditors were elected. SALISBURY AND PEWSEY. It is proposed to construct a railway for the purpose of forming a direct communication between Salisbury, Ames bury, Pewsey, and Marlborough. The proposed line is to commence at Porton, a small place five miles from Salis bury, on the London and South. Western line, and will pro ceed thence through Amesbury to Powsey, passing near several populous villages on its route. It i s understood that the landowners through whose property the Nue is to pass are all favourable to its construction. STROTJD AND CHIPPENHAM. A public meeting was held at Stroud on Saturday for the purpose of considering a scheme for a railway from Stroud to Chippenham via Tetbury and Malmesbury. The chair was taken by Mr, S. Marling. It was stated that the pro posed line was promoted by the Great Western Company, and that it would be about 21 miles in length, the estimated cost being £275,000. It was to commence at a point on the Great Western line about four miles from Chippenham and pass up the valley of the Avon and close to the towns of Melmesbury and Tetbury, pr3ceeding thence to Nails worth. From Nailsworth it would follow the course of the line sanctioned last year as far as Dadbridge, and diverge thence to the right, forming a junction with the Great Western Railway about half a mile west of the Stroud sta tion. Resolutions approving the proposed line were unani mously adopted. GREAT WESTERN OF CANADA. It appears that the directors of this company have been informed by their financial agent in Canada that the loss on through traffic collected and converted ascertained up to Oct. 20 amounted to the sum of 35,123 dols. (17,2170) and that there remained a further sum of American funds for conversion at that date of 47,207 dais. In addition to which there were balances in account with connecting railways still unadjusted. WEST FLANDERS. The report of the directors state that the receipts for the past half year ending the 30th of June had been £24,808, being an increase of £1,792 over those of the correspond ng half of 1862. The expenditure had been £15,436, being an increase of V. 96. The balance applicable to dividend amounted to £5,916, from which the directors proposed to distribute 4s. per share, and carry forward £594. Since the Ist of January, 1856, the traffic had gradually developed, so that the receipts now showed an increase of upwards of 33 per cent., and an addition to the stock of carriages and trucks was required in consequence of the increased traffic. The favourable state of the profit and loss balance would enable the directors in some degree to meet these require.. ments, NORTHERN OF FRANCE. The traffic receipts on this company's old and new lines amounted for the week ending the 14th inst. to £59,834, against 459,476 for the corresponding week last year, show ing an increase of £376; The total receipts from the let of January to tho above date amounted to £2,151,761, and for the corresponding period of last year to Z 2,133,166, show ing an increase of £18,595. SAMBRE AND MEUSE. The report of the directors states that notwithstanding the reduction which has necessarily been made in the price of transport, the increase of receipts over the corresponding period of 1862 is £3,273, but the increase in goods carried amounts to 52,000 tons, or 22 per cent., of which 13,745 tons were caused by the carriage of coals to Vireux, while ],089 tons accrued from traffic carried to and from the Chimay line. The increase in the number of passengers was 9,753, though a diminution in the mileage of passenger trains to the extent of 2,943 miles has taken place. The in creased traffic has caused an addition to the working ex penses of £2,284, as compared with those of the correspond ing half of 1862, a material item being the toll paid to the Belgian Government and Ardennes Railway. The direc tors propose to pay a dividend of 3s. per share on the 23d of November, provided the necessary number of share holders and amount of capital be represented at the meeting of the company, to be held in Belgium. The construction account shows that £1,113,706 had been expended. The revenue account for the half-year ending the 30th of June shows that £36,948 had been received and £21,826 expen ded, leaving a balance of £15,122. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, TimEs..—The military events of which the news has just reached us from America are certainly the most important that have occurred since the cap tures of Vicksburg and Port Hudson. We are now so accustomed to great and bloody battles, followed by small results, that it is impossible to feel all our former anxiety respecting the encounters which are likely to take place on the old battle-fields to the west of the Potomac. It may be that the next mails witl only bring us the news of another day of boot - less slaughter, ending in the retreat of General Meade to some position where his enemy will decline to follow him, or else the repulse of the Confede rates, followed by another cautious advance of a few miles by the Northern forces. But even should there be no conflict decisive of the campaign, this sudden advance of General Lee and the expul sion of his adversary from the position he has so long held will be remembered as a most remarkable military operation. It shows that the Southern General has been able, through the skilful combina tion of his resources, to resume the offs-naive and drive the Northern army back to the neighbour hood of Washington in three months atter his repulse at Gettysburg. During the autumn the exer tions of the Confederates appear to have been inces sant. The conscription has been actively enforced, and the spirit of the population has been such that, in spite of former losses and disappointments, the ranks of the army have been rapidly filled. Indeed, it is probable that the South has now a larger number of men under arms than at any former epoch of the war. Encouraged by a plenti ... ful harvest, and by their success in providing them selves with the materials of war, the Confederates have raised their forces to the number called for by the exigencies of the contest, and, concentrating them in two great armies, have been enabled once more to turn the tide of war. The closing months of 1863 find the Federals on the defensive along their whole line, and men talking of the safety even of entire armies as doubtful. The movement of General Lee appears to have been wholly unex pected. The first impression was that a retreat was intended, and that the Confederates were falling back to Gordonville and Richmond; but events soon explained the reason of the movements within the Southern lines. General Lee concentrated a heavy force round Madison Courthouse, and on the night of Friday the 9th and the morning of the next day it moved out, half concealed by the forest, and advanced northwards, so as to turn the Federal right. A Federal force under General Kilpat rick was driven back upon Culpepper. It then became evident that the intention of the Con federate was to get upon the line of General Meade's communications. As soon as this was understood by the Federal Commander, he seems to have thought that his only safety lay in retreat. Considering that Meade's is the chief army of the Northern Republic, that it defends the Northern capital, that it threatens the capital of the Con federates, and that it has had for the last three months the benefit of all the reinforcements which the conscription or volunteerint , can extract from the Eastern States, it is certainly surprising that the General was not able to make something more of a resistance to this advance. But whether it be the deficiency of men or a fear of the enterprise and skill of the Confederate officers, certain it is that the whole Northern army was on the 12th hastily withdrawn from its positions. It eva cuated Culpepper, destroying what it could not carry off, and during the next two days the army was in full retreat to Manassas and Centreville. Of the fight of the 14th near Manassas Junction we have yet to learn the details; but as on the night of the 15th General Meade was in line at Centre ville, and General Lee occupied :he old battlefield of Bull Run, it may be presumed that the alleged repulse of the Confederates had not the effect of checking them in their advance. At the same time it is stated that a Confederate corps under General Hill had moved to Leesburg, which suggests the idea of a raid into Maryland. The Confederates also hold all the passes of the Bull Run mountains, and the two armies were face to face, and so close together that a battle was hourly expected. What ever may be the military events which we are to learn by the next mails, there can be little doubt now as to the issue of this campaign. The most that the Federals can do will be to repulse General Lee and maintain their own position on Virginian territory. DAILY NEWS.—Mr. Laird deserves the thanks of Earl Russell and the public for the candid speech which be has just delivered at Birkenhead. It is admitted that the devastations of the Alabama and the Florida have done more than anything else to excite war between the two countries, and no sensible man doubts that the irritation in America has not been unreasonable. If the Mexicans had managed last spring to dispatch an Alabama from Southampton to prey upon French commerce, and if the shipbuilder had boasted of its exploits in the House of Commons and in his own borough, it can scarcely be imagined that the Emperor of the French would have tamely submitted to so gross an injury. And if the steam-rams now in Liverpool had been permitted to leave that port, it is difficult to believe that even the American Government would ha ve been able to control the people. Most wisely, h ew . over, Lord Russell has given orders for their deten tion, and the result i s that the irritation i n America against England is now alla y ed. Mr . Laird seems to think that in s o doin g the Foreign_ver Secretary ha s y wrong has its transgressed the law. There is no difficulty in ut ting this question to the test. 1; remedy, and the courts of law are open to Mr. Laird and every subject of the realm. If any Government officer were to enter Mr. Laird's house and seize his person readiness his course would be cle ar. demand to know why lle would at once or his property, house had been invaded, his e ex xp p r ia e n oa his conduct, to express his sof produce the fullest ati and make proof of the perfect honesty of his conduct. As a loyal subject, anxious to obey the law he could have nothing to fear and nothing to conceal; and no doubt he would obtain the sympathy of his fellow-countrymen in resisting an act of arbitrary power. is his conduct t a conduct now ? Does he venture to profess igno rance for whom the Alabama and the steam rams have been built ? Does he pretend to think that in building such ships for the Confederates he did not violate the laws of his country ? Has he the cour ageto assert that laws passed to maintain neutrality are mischievous, and ought not to be enforced ? Would any dispassionate man hesitate to condemn a nation which promises to stand neutral and then. allows hostile expeditions to be fitted out in its har bours, or to blame the blind selfishness of the British shipbuilder, who cannot discern the fatal conse quences to himself should his conduct be taken as a precedent ? If Mr. Laird had boldly said that he disapproved of the neutrality laws, and that he con sidered himself justified " in driving a coach and six through" their provisions; or if he had said that, in acting as he had done, he has been anxious to avoid violat i ng these laws either in the spirit or in the letter; if he had dropped a single word to show that he valued the peace and honour of his country above his gain s and profits as a shipbdilder, his pos ition would have been very diff e rent from that which he now occup ies. But he has said none of these things. He has openly announced that the present law can easily be evaded. Ho has boasted of being " an old hand at fittting out secret expedi tions," and he has explained how it could be done in the teeth of the Act of Parliament. According to him nothing can be simpler. Faith, he says,. must be placed in somebody. Mr. Jefferson Davis has his agents in this country. They place faith in Mr. Laird. Both parties understand each other. No agency can be proved. Alabamas and steam rams are built, nohody can tell for whom. They sail out, hoist the Confederate flag, and devastate Northern commerce. Mr. Laird is perfectly right, and understands his business thoroughly. If any English shipbuilder is willing to place faith in a belligerent Government—to conspire with the agents of Mr. Jefferson Davis to evade th.: Foreign Enlist ment Act, nothing can be easier. On the other hand, if any shipbuilder is determined to obey the law in spirit as well as in letter, and to refuse to build men-of-war until he has ascertained for whom they are intended, nothing can be easier. But Mr. Laird prefers the former course. With him patriotism and honour are superstitions : money-making and increase of business are the objects of his devotion. Mr. Laird has determined to evade the laws of the country. He has succeeded in his design. He openly glories in his success. The only question is, what is the duty of the Go vernment under the circumstances? COUNTRY MARKETS. .4.- GLOUCESTER—OcT. 24. There was a good show of English wheat to-day ; and the currencies of last, week about maintained. For eign wheat was dull, and prices tending downwards. Barley is per quarter under late prices. Beans and oats sold v.lry slowly. COLCHESTER—OcT. 24. There was a moderate supply of wheat to-day, but the demand still slow, and the rates of last week were generally made. Barley of fine quality realised fully late prices, and other sorts a better sale. Beans is cheaper, and peas were unaltered. Wheat, white. 44s 48s Beans,Mazagan..33B 368 red ..42s 46s middle & small.3ss 42a Barley Oats CHELMSFORD-OCT. 23. At this corn exchange to-day there was not a large supply of wheat, with a lair business done. White maintained the prices of las , week ; but red rather declined. Best barley unchanged in price; inferior sorts at a slight seduction. Beans, peas, and oats unchanged in value. Wheat, old white 30s 976 Yeas, Partridge.... 36s 39s new 44s 48s White 38s 390 old red....34s 40s Boiling ... 39s 41s new 38s 42s Dun 33s 36s Barley 27s 36s Ditto new —s —0 Chevalier 2Bs 39s Beans, Tick, 4,1 d —348 395 Grinding 228 31s new..—s —0 Malt. Chevalier . 64s 69s new..—s —a Oats 2os 28s Mazagan .......303 38s KIRKCALDY GRAIN—OcT. 24. We had moderate supplies of all descriptions of grain at mallet to-day, at about last week's rates. Wheat. Barley. Oats. Fir5t....338 Od 2ss Od 1 16s Od Second ..33s Gd 27s Od 17s Od Third....3Bs Od 29s Od 18s Gd COAL A erieea of Coal per 'von a' N. d. AUK ET. the °luxe of the market. Byass's Bel ide West Hartley l6 3 Davison's West Hart ley ..16 6 ,ambert's West Hart ley l6 0 rantield Moor l4 0 ranfield Moor Butes l4 0 West Hartley .. 16 3 NA , alker Primrose 13 6 Eden Main lB 0 s. d. Walls End. Hetton 20 0 Tunstall deugh Hall .1 8 6 South Kelloe. 18 6 Riddell. . .. East Hartlepool 2(1 0 Framwellgate . l7 6 Eden 18 0 Caseop lB 6 Hartlepool 19 6 K °Hoe Btlmcnt Russelts Hetton 19 0 0 Acorn Close • .18 Gostorth l7 3 146 ; sold, 103. Walls End. Ha5we11...... 2O 0 Trirndon Hartlepool 19 6 South Raton 20 0 South ilartlepool 13 3 Ships at marker Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. ------- - Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton ..Nov. 19. via Marseilles Nov. 13. Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet . Nov. 4. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena.. Oct. 29. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton. Nov. 2. via Marseilles ...Oct. 27. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Oct. 26. via Marseilles Oct. 27. India (Bombay), via Southampton .. Oct. 26. via Marseilles Oct. 21. Portugal.... Nov. 4. Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Oct. 26. via Marseilles .. Oct. 21. Newfoundland .. Oct. 28. Oporto and Vigo U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.... Oct. 22 _ ___ _____ _ ' by U.S. packet by Canadian packet Oct. 31. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe Nov. 10. Bahamas, via New York Nov. 19. Mexico All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, 1 Oct. 29. California. and British Columbia. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Horniman's pure Tea ; very choice at 3s. 4d. and 4s. " High Standard" at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4a. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every town supply it in packets. ADVERTISEMENT.]—Avoid medicines: they always aggra vate chronic complaints, but Du Barry's Delicious Health Restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, which saves fifty times its cost in other remedies, invariably cures them, restoring perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, healthy liver, pure blood, refreshing sleep, functional regularity, and energy to the most disordered or enfeebled. We extract a few out of 60,000 Cures :—Cure No. 58,216 of the Marchioness de Brasil, Paris, of a liver complaint, wasting away for seven years, debility, with a nervous palpitation all over, bad digestion, constant sleeplessness, the most intolerable nervous agitation, and dreadfully low spirited.—Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies, Lord Lieut. of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia.—No. 49,832. "Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation , flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting.—Maria Jolly." —Cure No. 16,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derange ment, and partial deafness.—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, IoW spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure No. 54,510. The Rev. Jas. T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, °` of indigestion and torpi dity or the liver, which had restate 3 all medical treatment." In tins, 1 lb., Is. 9d. ; 21b., 4s. 6d ; 515., lls. ; 121 b., 225. ; 40s. —Barry • l)u Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London; also Fortnum and Mason ; and all Grocers and Chemists in every town of the United Kingdom. Births. BEWES.—On the 25th inst., at Hythe, the wife of Colonel Bewes, of a daughter. DEALTRY.—On the 25th inst., at 57, Queen Anne-street• Cavendish-square, the wife of the Yen. Archdeacon Dealtry, of a daughter. HALEORD.—On the 24th inst., at Dytchley, Oxfordshire , the Hon. Mrs. Augustus Raiford, of a daughter. WALKER.—On the 18th inst., at 250, St. Paul's-road , Highbury, the wife of Thomas A. Walker, Esq., C. 8.1 of a son and heir. Marriages. MAR TIN -- THA.CKER.—On the 26th inst., at St. James's, Pentonville, Robert Martin, of Great Grimsby, to Ann ie Jane eldest daughter of the late Thomas Doe Thacker , of Wilmington -square, Clorkenwell. YARROW—GALLATLY.-011 the 26th inst., at St. Lulre'el e Old-street, George Eugene Yarrow, M.R.C.S., &c. , 01 Central-street, E.C., to Anne, eldest daughter of Georg ° Gallatly, Esq., of the same place. Deaths. BLANCIEENHAGEN = OLI the 23d inst., at Bow, J. C. Blauckenhagen, Esq. BONNEL—On the 24th inst., at Peckham, William Ge°' Bonner, Esq., tato of Rood-lane. CLARKE.—On the 24th hat., at 190, Shoreditch, J°ll/1 Clarke, aged 31. CRUTTENDEN.—On the 24th inst., the Rev. William C c i Cruttenden, A.M., rector of Alderley, Cheshire, a g' 88. GOWATL—On the 23d inst., Stephen Gowar, of The Grove and Broadway, Stratford, aged 51. LENGERKE.—On the 24th inst., at Brunswick degas Forest-hill, R. A. Emil von Lengerke, Esq., a ged 3')• efts VERE.—On the 23d inst., at 20 , Park-lane, Miss Rend Vane Hope Verc. F, London : Printed and rubllshed by WILLIAM AN D.. — v. 1 f of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE Surf Office NO . • Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the Co"" Ididdleselr —Tuesday, October 27, 1603, f