The Sun. — London, England, 1854-12-27 00:00:00

MONT BLANC.- CHRISTMAS 'HOLT DAYS.—Dtning tha - Chrbtinai :Week Mr. ALBERT RMITIT Nvill • glyn his NIONT BLANC, JIOLLAND, and up ihe RE.IINE, every a.”l. eve,:ilp.r", at Tl ; ree and t, ct Sateruay - eyersirr,r:)^ StaPs cea ne.talierrim-uhroi 11,1 Vona at the Egyptian Hall, (ivory day. from Eleven to Four. • pANORAMA of the BATTLE of the ALMA isjust opened a BURFORD'S, Leicester-square. The Views of Berlin and of the Bernese Alps ' are also now open. Admission, is. each. Open from ten till dusk. T HE MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY, 39, King-street, Cheapside, London. Established 1834. SPECIAL enviesNOTlCE.—AssuLan effected before the 31st Instant 'wil in the Prodts at the f next year. SAMUEL BROWN, Actuary. BRITISH EMPIRE MUTUAL LIFE ASSURANCN COMPANY, - 37, New Bridge-street, Biackfriars. Empowered by - Special Act of Parliatnent—Accumulated Feed, 60,0001.---Annual Income, 30,0001. —The entire profits divided trien nially—No charges except the Annual Premium—Policies indisput able except in cases of fraud ; and after three years the assurer may receive the surrender value, or obtain in exchange a Free Policy. — Loans granted on approved security. JAMES INGLIS, Secretary. BRITISH EMPIRE MUTUAL FIRE ASSURANCE COMPANY, 37, New Bridge-street, Blackfriars. At the Annual Meeting of this Company, August 31, 1854, the fol lowing Resolutions were passed unanimously :- Ist. That this meeting cordially- agrees with the recommendation of the Directors, that 12% per cent. on their premiums be returned to the insurers. 2d. That this Meeting congratulates the public on the signal suc cess which has attended the formation of the British Empire Fire Assurance Company on the mutual principle. That it views with approbation the steady and economical, yet diligent manner in which Its business has been conducted ; and calls upon all its numerous kllow-insurerslo co-operate zealously with the known the merits and advantages of the Company Directors In making . Guarantee Fund 200,0001. Entire profits divided triennially. Complete Mutuality. Policies iss, 12,314 for 5,461,2801. FRANuedCIS CLOWES, Secretary. • SCOTTISH WIDOWS' FUND dna LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIETY. Established A.D. 1815. Head Office—Edinburgh AL N, SOTICE., St. Aadrevr-square. SPECI Proposals for Assurance, in order to secure right of entry in the rooks for the current year, must be lodged at the Head-Office or at alio of the Agencies, on or before SATURDAY, the 30th current. JOHN MACKENtIE, Manager. WM. LINDESAY, Secretary. Zdinburgh; December, 1854. N.B.—The amount of Assurances which may be undertaken by the Society upon Individual Lives has now been extended irom 5,0001. to 7,0001. LONDON HONORARY BOARD. George Young, Esq., 41, Wimnole-street and Mark-lane. Charles Edward Pollock, Eaq., Barrister, Temple. David Hill, Esq., East India House. John Murray, Esq., Albemarle-street. Samuel Laing, Esq., Chairman of Brighton Railway. Sir John Thomas Briags, Admiralty. Leonard Horner, Esq., Home-office. John Taylor, jun., Esq. , C.E., Queen-street-Place. LONDON AND TIM comm. CENTRAL AGENT. Hugh WlCean, 4, Royal Exchange-buildings, Comb'''. DISTRICT AGENTS. Captain R. S. Ridge, 49, Fall-mall, gent fort the West End District. Benton Seeley, 2, Hanover. street, Regenteet. street, Southwark. Ferdinand Grat, 13, Ring- TO LOVERS OF FISH.- 100 real YARMOUTH BLOATERS for 65., package included The above forwarded to all parts ou,receliat of penny postage stam p s, or P. 0. 0. (preferred) for the amount . Send plain address, county, and nearest station.—Address, Thomas - Lettis, Jun., Fish-curer, Great Yarmouth. GREAT REDUCTION, IN PRICE OF SIR WM. BURNETT'S DISINFECTING FLUID. Gallons, ss. Quarts, 23. Pints, is. Half-pints, 6d. ously This destroys Valuable DEODORISER and DISINFECTANT instantane all BAD S MELLS withoutproducing any itself. Its free use, as directed, PREVENTS CHOLERA and all CON TAGIOUS DISEASES. Sold by all Chemists and Druggists, and at the Office,l 8, Cannon street, London -bridge. N.B.—Beware of a spurious Imitation. LAURENT'S CASINO, ARGYLL ROOMS.- During the course of this week will be played by Laurent's Orchestra:—Overture, Masanielld, Aubera Waltzes: Vermahlung's Toaste (first time), Strauss ; La J a rdiniere, I abit,ky So,uvenir Luxembourg (Lint time). Bousonet; Le Carnaval de Venise (by desire), H. Laurent, with Variations for all the:principal performers. Quadrilles :Le Palais de l' Al cazar, Lamotte ;La Guerre, Bbs ot ; Le Serment (first time), Remain ; Lammermnpr 'I inney. Sch tische, Moldavian (first time), Jullien. Polkas : Blumeniest (first time), Strauss ; The New Annen, Strauss. Gallop, All Les Guides, H. Laurent. Principal Cornet a Piston, M. BOLIICOUrt. information relative to music to be obtained at the music repository =der the orchestra. Doors. open at Eight; comments,at half-past.—Admis sion, One - Shilling. • GRAND BAL MASQUE and CHRISTMAS Ft , TE at the CASINO DE VENI4E, High Holborn.—The Proprietor of the above magnificent and popular Establishment respectfully announces that he will, at the suggestion of his sub scribers and friends, give a GRAND EAL 51.ASQUE end Cthe HRISTBth) - MAS FETE TO-MORROW (THURSDAY, December 2 the arrangements for which are of a most extensive and superb cha racter. Mr. W. M. Packer's renowned band will occupy the orc hestra, and perform s programme of dance music apropos each. to t h e f es tive occasion.—Gentleman's ticket, Ss.; lady's ditto, Ss. Doors open at half-past nine, to commence at ten o'clock punctually. —Mr. Nathan, Cas tle-street, is the appointed costumier. CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS. TOYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. The following REMARKABLE NOVELTIES have been SPECIALLY PREPARED. LECTURE by J. H. PErPRII, Esq., on Professor — vrneatstoien •experinsents on the TRANSMISSION of SOUND through Solid Con ductors, illustrated by a TELEPHONIC CONCERT . FIRST PAR T sof an ENTIRELY NEW and SPLENDID OPTI CAL DIORAMA, illustrating the VOYAGES of SINBAD the SAILOR, with Beautiful PHANTASMAGORIA EFFECTS, and appropriate Music arranged by Mr. Wand. Great Increase in the VIEWS of the WAY : the BATTLE of the ALMA, SIEGE of SEBASTOPOL, the ENGLISH BATTERIES, Esc.; acc. LECTURE on the LANCASTER GUN, the MINIE RIFLE, and Ghat powerful implement of war,the STEAM GUN, projecting sixty Balls per Minute, wh ch has been erected by Mr. FIRKINS, and will be discharged daily and in the Evenings. LECTURES on ELECTRICITY by Dr. BACHHOFFNER. Mr. CZAWFORD'S VOCAL ENTERTAINMENT of the PATRIOTIC SONGS of SCOTLAND. For the special Amusement of the Juvenile Auditory, DAVIS'S INGENIOUS M aiRIONETTES will be ex hibit ed. All the other LECTURES , EXHIBITIONS of MODELS, So. &a Erm. Fresh decorations. Special Juvenile Night on the 3d ofJanuary, a nd gratuitous distri • button of the Ornaments of a beautiful Christmas Tree amongst the Young People. TRrESEIVIAR, protected by Royal Letters Patent of England, and secured by tho Seals of the Ecole de Pharmacie de Paris, and the Imperial College of Medicine, Vienna. TRIESEMA.R, No. 1, is a remedy for Relaxation, Spermatorrhcea, and Exhaustion of the System. TREESEMAR, No. 2, effectually, in the short space of three days, completely and entirely eradicates all traces of those Disorders which Capivi and Cubebs have so long been thought an antidote for, t o the ruin of the he alth of a vast portion of the population. TRI ESE M A R, No. 3, is the great Cqntinental Remedy for that class of Disorders, unfortunately the English phys ici a n treats with Mercury, to the in evitable destruction of the patient's constitution, and which all the sarsaparilla in the world cannot remove. TRIESEMAR, No. 1,2, and 3, are alike devoid of the teats o toilet r sme tablll, and of all nauseating q ualities. They may lie on e without their use helot suspected. Sold in tin cases at I is. each, free by post, 2s. extra, divided lute separate doses, as administered by Valpeau, Lalleman'l, Roux, &c.,Bce.—To be had Wholesale and Retail in London of Robert John ston, 68, Cornhill; Hirlllay and Co., 63, Oxford street ; and Sanger, 150, Oxford-street. G R AVES END S T -PACKETS. No other Packets call at the Greenhithe and Parflect Pie The Packets call at the Piers as underlined (weather pertal' FROM TERRACE , PIER, GRAVV,SEND WEEK DAYS. ___.... 4 ;t : I f-P .2 % 1 ts ... . z 8 g g " I- V.:Mee Pier - '''' \ - SUNDAYS! a t , Time i i -, g - I Omnibuses from Fonehurch-atreet Station to all parts of London every quarter of an hour. liIRUNSWICK WittßF. BLA.CICSVALL, on the arrival of the fot lowing Trains from the Fenehurch-street Station. WEEK DA VS. SUNDAYS. . .5 2 1.»:: It t Fen- 8 Fen- t h 5 , 4) C h u rch 5, z S treetS ; 3 Street , ' l4 '6 4 10 214 4 ---_---- Fore Cabin. Saloon. To or from Gravesend and London . • •• •• •• .• 10d.• .. Is. O s . 2d. 10d „ Gravesend and Blackwall or Wooiwlsh Bd. .. fid. .. Os Bd. Betwee n Gravesend and Intermediate Piers.. . BOAT TICKETS.—TweIve Months, 5.. Os.; Six Months, 3/. Os. : Three Months' 2/. Os.; to be had of the Collectors on board the Packets; or of Mr. Monk, Terrace Pier, Gravesend. Noy. 13. 1554. THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YO eases; AND MATURITY Just published, price 25., illustrated with free by post for 30 stamps, NERVO US DEBILITY' Its Causes, Symptoms, and Cure.—An Essa y on Sper meters...bees, with practice Observations on a safer and more successful mode of treatment of the diseases of the Generative System, obtained by the use of the Microscope in detecting an d distinguishing, by urinary examination, the real cause and effect of every variety of complaint, whether arising from solitary habits, excesses, accident, or climate, followed by practical remarks, founded on twenty years' experience in the treatment of Impuissance. Nervous Debility, Local Weakness, Spermatorrhcea, &c. To which are added, Commentaries on. the Physiology of Marriage, with pre cautionary hints on the evils emanating from empirica writersl prac on tice, and on the dangerous• remedies advocated by, various these important disorders. fey SAMUEL LA'MERT. M.D. t 7, REDFORD-SQUARE, LONDON, D burgh,ine, Matriculated Member of the University of F.dte • b Honor,ry Member of the 'London Ho.spital Medical Society Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, lee., Br.e. The essential object of this treatise is to point out the fearful con sequences resulting from certain habits, irregularities, and excesses, which have prouuced more misery in Youth, degradation in Man hood, and premature decay at all stages of Life, than, perhaps, any other elites of disease known to modern pathologists Its perusal is particularly recommended to persons entertaining secret doubts of their physical condition,an and who are conscious of having hazarded d privileges to which eyery human being is the health, haPPin es3 s entitled. thatall men should know, that• there are It is absolutelytieeesSarY erinciples of personal management which cannot be violated without incurring grievous penalties, and when wisdom and regret succeed the heyday of incoasiderate self-ludulgence, how these pbnalties Er ay be mitigated, how the sting of their bitterness may be removed, ar.d how the evil 'and its coneequences may be avoided, anil above all, that there is scarcely any degree of physical Infirmity or functional derangement to which the timely aid of science cannot apply a cure. Tbe.Author has for a series of years been engaled in an extensive practice in the treatment of these delicate complaints, which have unfortunately been too generally confided to the care of ignorant empirics, who inflict great injury on those who are induced to place faith in their pretensions. NERVOUS DEBILITy may be bad, price 2i, of Messrs. Piper, Brothers, and Co., 23, Paternoster-row ; Hannay, 63, Oxford-street, Horne, 19, Leicester-square; Mann 39, Cornhill ; or free by post for thirty stamps to any address from ' the Author's residence, 37, Bed ford -square , :) At bomb for consultation daily from Eleven till Pm, Six till Eight. and from DR. CULVERWELL ON INDIGESTI ON. • NERVOUSNESS, • DEBILITY, AND Also, on Urinary Derange me nts,ponstipation, and Haemorrhoids, ls. each, byost ls. Gd. WHAT TO EAT, DRINK, AND AVOID. " Abstentla multi curantur morbi " A popular exposition of the principal causes (over and careless feeding, &c.) of the above harassing and distressing complaints, with an equally intelligible and popular exposition of how we should le to get id o them ; to wch is addd, diettables for every meal in the day, r and r full instru,tiohins for the e regimen and observance of every hour out of the twenty- four. Illustrated by numerous cases, &c, 2. LIMITS AND SITADES OF MARRIED LIFE. " He which that hath no wif, I hold him lost, Helpless, and all desolat. He that hath no child, Like sun and winde."—Chaucer. Subject : Marriage, its expectations and Necessities —Development of the Affections —Love Matches —Precipitate, impelled, and retarded Unions—Marital Incongruitl es—Mutual Unsuitableness—Ment Incompatibility and Physical Defectiveness Advantages of Inter al ma rriage— I heory of Unas- Gestation—Hereditary Resemblance—M and all ode of determ i n i ng Legitimacy. On Infelicitous, Infertile, similable Alliances —Law of Div orce, &c., &c. 3. CHASTITY AI(D ITS INFRINGEMENTS. A Lecture to Young Men. " What passions hurt the Nifty—what improve, Truths as refined as Athens ever heard." Subject : Life's pilgrimage, from infancy to old ago. The advent of the passions. Chastity and its infringement. The cassettes of licentiousness and dissipation, with illustrations, graphic, narrative, and remediative. Advocacy of early marriages, &c. On Secret Diseases. their Self-management and Cure. The GREEN BOOK.—A comprehensive and popular exposition of gonito and nrinary diseases—their nature and treatment, com prising especially primary and secondary symptoms, all forms of urinary derangements, stricture and spermatorrhcea ; with 250 en gravings and prescriptions. 5. The BLADDER, URETHRA, and RECTlTlL—Comprising Urinary Derangements, Constipation, and Themorihoids. Vole 6 and 7, companions to the pteceding. THE ENJOYMENT OF LIFE. BOW TO BE HAPPY. • Jueande Vivere." "Few words to fair faith."—Shakespere. Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; or of DP. RICHARD CULVERWELL, Brother, Successor, and Twenty Years Consulting Colleague of the late Author of the above, 10, Argyll-place, Regent-street, London, who may be odvised with on the above matters daily, from Ten till Five, and in the evenings , from Seven till Nine. FOR THE CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS.- E. MOSES and SON have ready for inspection a new and very superior stock of Vests for Bails and Christmas parties. Those com prise the latest int eduction, English and foreign, in fabrics of ele gant arid fashiona de manufacture—ard they are made with the skill for which the firm of E. M aas and Sox is everywhere cele brated. E. Biosns and Sort have ared a new stock of Juvenile Attire for Christmas holidays —it comprehends every variety, is made from the I est and Most suitable materials, has the recommendation of yted and finished by the most skilful and experienced y and easy, and is artistsbei'l design diEworkmer in the trade—it fits gracefully charged the lowest possible price. For the christmas holidays E. MOSES and Sox, wto have ready for inspeetion an unnaralleled vriety style.er, Paletots, Capes, wrappers, Reversibe., Ste ,Seca the workmanship, and gene rid e x cellences are perlectly inimitable, and the prices asuch as are only rendered remunerative by immense transactions. For Christmas holidays E. MOSES and Sores Establishment, and its Branch, New Oxford-street , a re equally provided with Hosiery Goods, which excel in novelty , elegance, and cheapne,ll Hats and Caps, Boots and Shoes, Ste , during the Christmas holt days may te most advantageou s ly selected of E Moms and Sox. SPECIAL NOTlrip . E. Mons and Sores Wholesale Clothing,, and Boot and Shoe Jeaartnients present the largest Stock of the most suitable Goods ( for the export or home trade) at the most reasonable prices. ESTABLISH %LEN 4. C CAUTION.—E. Ts will be CLOSED at EIGHT 0 CLOCK EVERY Until March 1005, E._M?SES_and sON'S EVENING, except Saturday, when they will be open till II o'clock. onblic against imposition ' MOSES And SON regret having to guard she that the nntradesman-like l altehool of " Being c'e_n, having learned r ,bvious reasons, they beg been resorte4 t he same concern:, nas tf b :cted with their Establishment," o • , 9 and for state that they have k NOCIONNEZION WITIT &N to in many utstaLee , Y ovimea NoUSE IN OR OCT OF LOSDOII. except their own Establishments, as follows : London City Establishment, 154, 155, 156, and 157, Minortes, 84, as, and 86, Aldgate, opposite the Church, all communicating. *.ondon West-end Branch, 506, 507, 508, New Oxford-street. 1. 2 . and 3, Hart-street, all communicating. Bradtord (Yorkshire) Branch, 19 and 20, Bridge-street , h.rftield Branch, 36 Fargate. Colonial Wholesale Branch, Melbourne, Australia. Merchant Tailor, Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers, Boot and &hoe Makers, and General Outfitters for Ladies and Gentlemen. IMPORTANT,—ShouId any article not give satisfaction, it will be exelvinced if desired, or, if preferred, the money will he returned witrout hesitation: All goods are marked in plain figures, the lowest price, trom which no abatement can be made. The Establishments are closed from anise' on Fridays to sunset an Saturdays, when business is resumed till 11 o'clock. A new Book for Autumn and Winter. "The Commercial Comm copi,r," containing full lists of prices, our system of self-measure ment, &c., &c., may be had on application, or post-free. Tel l'on parte Francais. Qui at parla Itslir no. Tiler sorield man Treetsrh Aqua sa liable Espano. An Illustrated Almanac for 18554ratis, on application, or post free NO. 19,424.] PUBLICATIONS. NEW TALE BY MR. AIN t;wolti H. ENTLEY'S MIS CEL L A NY.- Li The JANUARY NUMBER will contain the commencement of THE SPENDTHRIFT. A Tale of the Last Century. By W. HARRISON AINSWORTH, Esq. London: Richard Bentley, 8, New Burlington-street. R ITSSIA'S POLICY AND NAPOLEON'S PROPHECY. Price 2d London: Holliston and Stoneman, Paternoster-row. THE BRITISH QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. X LI., price 65., will be published JANUARY I. CONTENTS I. The Philosophy of Kant. 11. Rural and Forest Life in America. Authority of the Sabbath. IV. The Chemistry of Common Life. V. Russians at Home. VI. Present Aspects and Tendencies of Literature. VII. Our Foreign Policy.—Who is to Blame? VIII. Our Epilogue on Affairs and Bnoks. Lorslon : Jackson and Walford, 18, St. Paul's Churchyard and Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., Stationers' hall-court. • ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS. •HE YEAR 1855 bids fair to be one of the most important and eventful of modern history. On the 6th of January, 1855, will be issued the first number of a new volume of the ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS, and not merely a new volume, bat of a New Yesir—each volume being perfect and complete in itself— contaioing.:for the time, a faithful record, pictorial and descriptive, of all Events of interest in every part of the world. To that limited portion of the public who do not subscri e to this Journal, i may be stated that no period could be selected - Amore opportune for com mencing—tb whole expense being Wit Twenty-six Shillings per an num, exclusive of double numbers, which are issued on rare occa siens, when it would be impossible to crowd the importent events and Engravings Into a single number; for this small sum the sub scriber will receive twenty-four large pages—seventy-two columns — of the most interesting information, carefully selected from the News of the Week, interspersed with a variety of charming articles on the chid topics of the day. The ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS has, by its impartial and con sistent advocacy of the welfare of the public, secured for itself a poli tical influence scarcely second to any newspaper In the emeire ; and reference can, with some pride, be made to the support afforded to all beneficial measures proposed and adopted by the English Parlia ment. Foreign Politic; will ever command the attention which ought to I'e devoted to so important a feature of a newspaper. On the ques tion of the Russian War, during the year 1854, ONE THOUSAND ENGRAVINttS appeared in the am:unarm) LONDON News. Ex tensive arrangements, calculated to improve this popular Journal, and engagements, such as w ;11 greatly enrich its Literary, Scientific, and other departments, have been made, and will thus combine on this Paper the greatest talent of the day. The ILLUSTRATED LONDON NEWS has been established thirteen years, during which period it has received a greater degree of en couragement and approbation than any Journal ever p.tblished. This is proved by the Returns of Stamps issued from time to time by order of Parliament. The Stamps applied for the first six months of 1854 was upwards of 2,734,000 —showing a WEEKLY CIRCULATION of UPWAXIDS of ONE HUNDRED and THIRTY THOUSAND COPIE: ! Terms £for payment in advance) —Half-year, 131. 6d. ; Year, 265. Any of the Volumes of the Irruserziaan LONDON NEWS, from the commencement to the present time, may now be had, iu paper or cloth. Covers for binding the Volumes, 28. 6d. each. All Numbers may be sent free by post to any part of the kingdom and the colonies.' Give an order for six months, to insure all the gratuitous Prints and Supplements. Supplied by all booksellers and newsmen. The ILLUSTRATED LONDON News is pulaished in London every Saturday, stamped to go free by post, :-Ixpence per Copy. Office, 198, Stran,l, London. STRICTURE OF THE URETHR t. Just Published, price 55., by post, free, ss, 6d., ri HE PATHOLO GY aid RATIONAL IL TREAT ttENT of STRICTURE of the URETHRA; with numerous Cases illustrative of every variety of Urethral Obstruction, and their special Modes By of F Treatment and Cure. . B. COURTENAY, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England! " We know of n 9 man to whose care we could with greater conll - entrust the treatment of a severe case of stricture of the ure thra."—Medicai Circular. London : 11. Bailliere, 219, Regent-street. A.D. 1720. OYA L EXCHANGE ASSURANCE CORPORATION, (Established by Charter of his Majesty George the First), For SEA, FIRE, LIFE, and ANNUITIES. OFFICES—ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON. BRANCH OFFICE-29, PALL-MALL. Octavius Wigram, Esq., Governor. The Hon. J. T. Leslie Melville, Sub-Governor. George Pearkes Barclay, Esq., Deputy-Governor. DIRECTORS. _ . ----- -- - - Henry Bainbridge, Esq. Sir John Wm. Lubbock, Bart. Edmond S. P. Calvert, Esq. Charles John Manning, Esq. John Garrett oattley, Esq. Henry Nelson, Esq. Alexander Colvin, Esq. Edward Howley Palmer, Esq. Edward Maxwell Daniel, Esq. Sir John Henry Pelly, Bart. William Davidson, •EA: Abraham George Rdbarts, Esq. Illversdale Wm. Grenfell, Esq. Charles Robinson, Esq. Robert Hanbury, Jun., Esq. William Fiona% Esq. Robert Amadeus Heath, Esq. Joseph Somes, Esq. William Tetlow Hibbert, Esq. Thomas Tooke, Esq. Jsmes gresssrt Hodgson, Esq. William Wallace, Esq. Lancelot Holland, Esq. Charles Baring Young, Esq. DIEnicAL REFEREE —Samuel Solly, Esq., F.R.S. • Notice.—The usual fifteen days allowed for payment of Fire Pre miums falling due at Christmas will expire on the 9th of January. FIRE and LIFE ASSURANCES may be effected with this Cor poration on advantageous terms. The Assured are exempt from the liabilities of partnership, and payment of their claims is guaranteed by a large invested capital stock. In the Life Department, assurances are granted with participation In profits, or, at lower Premiums, without such participation. The Reversionary BONUS on Life Policies has averaged 2 per Cent. per annum on the sum assured, or 46 per cent. on the Premiums paid. Any sum not excee ling 10,0001. may be assured en one Life. The corporation bears the cost of Policy Stamps and Medicect to al Fees, and requires no entrance -money. The Assured are subj no expense but the Premium. No extra charge is made for service in the militia. LOANS are granted on Life Polic=es to their full values. This Corporation affords all the advantaza9 of modern practice, with the stability of an office safely constituted under Royal Charter and Special Acts of Parliament, and tested by the experience of nearly a century and a half. There is but one older life office in existence. ROYAL EXCHANGE, LONDON. JOHN A. HIGHAM, Actuary and Secretary. . . . • Ebt r - t.~ 'F:~ c'~. ~ ' ~ s 0::4,1141, . . i c i StV - 64 t* r, . 0.111 • /44, 4 0 1, Z ‘. ier, - -4 r 411 L ' • e V 4 l t .• 4l ' , 1" 1 , A 4 -!- W-1 - 1 *--1 -41.4 i.o - S \ - • 41- 4 " 4,4 • 'o* , ....1...AA. 1 ' R OTT. ,•egi 2nr u • 14.• • ‘,.4. : . r k '''''''' k r' '''- -, , • A . 44 , '- 5 ., : , , .„ 1 . Z - 1 „,. .''. arl'..:ll`-' I OND,'W WEDNESDAY EVENING DECEMBER 27, 1854. 1 which they gave to Thucydides, to Cicero, and to I Newton. The duties of a civil servant of the East REPORT India Company ar e o f so hi g h a nature t h a t i n hi s To THE RIGHT HON. SIR CHARLES WOOD, ! case it is peculia r ly d es i ra bl e that an exce ll en t I genaral educati on , suc h as may enlarge and BART., M.P., &c. strengthen his SIR,—We have attentively considered the sub - specia lunderstanding, s h ou ld prece de'the education which must qualify him to de ject about which. you have done us the honour to vernacular Indian languages, which are of spatch the business of his cutcherry. consult us, and we 'now venture to submit to you the result of our deliberations. It therefore seems to us quite clear that those h nicating with natives of India, ought not to We do not think that we can more conveniently e subjects of examination. .But we are no value, except for the arrange the suggestions which we wish to offerpurpose of commu than by following the order which is observed in u gment, to think that a distinction may properly the 39th and 40th Clause of the India Act of 1853. d inclined, though with much distrust of our own The first matter concerning which thee - Board of languages which may be called the clastiical lan admitted Sanscrit and the Arabic. These Control is empowered by the 39th Clause to make regulations is the age of the persons who are to be g , uages of India, be made between the vernacular la e s and two admitted into the College of Haileybury. The present rule is that no person can be ad cassical languages are by no means without intrin mated under 17, and that no person can go out to 1 India after 23. Every student must pass four s i c value in the eyes both of philologists isnd of men terms—that is to say, two years at the College ; o f ste. The Sanscrit is the great parent stack from which most of consequently, none can be admitted after 21. the vernacular languages of India are " It seems to us that it would be a great improve- derived, and stands to them in a relation ment to allow students to be admitted to the Col- similar _to that in which the - Latin stands to the lege up to the age of 23, and to fix 25 as the latest P.rench, the Italian, the • Spanish, and the Portu age at which they can go out to India i n the Civil guess,. The Arabic has con t r ib uted, though not the. Service. It is undoubtedly desirable that the civil in the, same degree with S anscr i t, to the forma servant of the Company should enter on his duties Ii on of the vocabularies of I n di a ; and it, is the while still young ; but it is also desirable that he source from which all. the Mahometan nations draw their religion, their jurispru should have received the best, the most liberal, the dence, and their most finished education that his native country s cience. These twolanguages are already studied by a affords. Such an education has been proved by f ew . young men at the great English seats of learn experience to be the best preparation for every in g. T hey can be learned as well here as in tb e east, and are not likely to be studied in th e calling which requires the ex ercise of the hi g her East unless some powers of the mind ; nor will it be easy to show attention. has been paid to them here. it will, we that such preparation is less desirable in the case of apprehend, very seldom happen that a candidate a civil servant of the East India Company than in will offer himself for examination in. Sanscrit or in the case of'a professional man who remains in Eug- Arabic ; .but, as such instances may occur, we think it expedient to include those land. Indeed, in the case of a civil servant of the l anguages ,in the list Company, a good general education is even more of subjects. desirable than in the case of the English professional As to the other subjects we speak with more con man; for the duties even of a very young servant fidence. Foremost amongst those s u bj ec t s we p l ace of the Company are more important th an those our own language and literature. O ne or more which ordinarily fall to the lot of a profes- themes for English composition ought to be pro sional posed. Two papers of questions man in England. In England , too , a p ro- ought to be set. fessional man may, while engaged in ac tiv e busi- One of those papers should b e so f rame d as t o enable the candidates to show th e i r k now l e d ge o f nes s, continue to improve his mind by means of and constitution of o ur country ; th e reading and of conversation. But the servant of the history the Company is often stationed, during a large part other ought to be so framed as t o ena bl e th em t o of his life, at a great distance from libraries and show the extent of their knowledge of our poets, and philosophers. from European society, and will therefore find it w i ts,. peculiarly difficult to supply by study in his ma- In the be an examination two great ancient langua ges th ere oug ht to ture years the deficiencies of his early training. lon not less severe than those exa- The change which we propose will have one prat- minations by which the highe s t c l ass i ca l distinc tical effect, to which we attach much importance. tions are awarded at Oxford and Cambridge. At We think it desirable that a considerable number least three passages from Latin writers ought to of the civil servants of the Company shou ld be men be set, to be translated into E ng li s h . S u bj ec t s proposed for origin a l compos iti on , b o th who have taken the first degree in arts at Oxford' should be or Cambridge. At present the lisle is drawn as if in Latin verse and Latin prose ; and passages of English verse and prose should b e set, t o b e t urne d it had been expressly meant to exclude bache l ors of those Universities. It will, we believe , be found into Latin. At least six passages from Greek wri ters should be set, to be t rans l ate d i nto E ng li s h. that the great majority of our academic youth gra - Of these passages, one sho u ld b e ta k en f rom th e duate too late by a few months and only by a few Homeric poems, one from some historian of the months, for admission into Haileybury. age best one from We propose to fix 18 as the lowest age at which , , s ome philosoph er of the best a candidate can be admitted into the college. We age, one from some Atti c ora t or and at least one are, indeed, of opinion that, except in very rare from the Attic drama. Th e can did a t es oug ht t o and extraordinary cases, it is not desirable that a have a full opportunity o f ex bibi t i nu t h e i r s kill i n translating both English prose and English verso lad should be admitted so early as 18. But we are into . Gre ek; i. and there should be a paper of ques convinced that, except in very rare and extra,ordi itadns w hich would enable them to show their know nary cases, no lad of 18 will have , any chance of being admitted. ,Hitherto the admissions have W e o th. ancient history, both political and literary. e m c that three of the modern languages of been given by favour. They are henceforward to the cont inent, the Fren c h, the Italian, and the be gained by superiority in intellectual competition. German, t. ought to bo among the subjects of exami- While they were given by favour, they were fre na ion. Several passages in every one of those lan quently, indeed generally, given - to persons whose passages should be set, to be turned into English ; age was not much above the minimum. A director h taken from English writers should be set, would naturally wish his son or nephew to be hand- to e turned into French, Italian, and German ; comely provided for at 19, rather than at 23, and to and papers of questions should be framed which be able to return to England with a competence at would enable a candid a t e to sh ow his knowledge 44 rather than at 48. A majority of the students have , of the civil and , literary history o f France, Italy, therefore, been admitted before they were 19 , and and Germany. Th G have gone out before they,were 21 . But it is plain e examination in pure and mixed mathematics that, in any intellectual competitio n, boy s of 18 ought to be of such a nature as to enable the judges must be borne down by men of 21 or 22. We may, to place in proper order all the candidates, from therefore, we believe, safely predict that nine those who have never gone beyond Euclid's Ele tenths, of those who are admitted to the College ments and the first part of algebra up to those who under the new system will be older than nine-tenths possess the highest acquirements. We think it of those who quit it under the present system. important, however, that not only the acquirements We ho Pe and believe that among the successful but also the mental powers and resources of thecom competitors will frequently be young men who petitors should be brought to the test. With this have obtained the highest honours of Oxford and view the examination papers should contain a due Cambridge. To many such young mon a fellow proportion of original .. pr h oblems and of . questions ship, or a tutorship, which must be held on condi- calculated . to ascertain'-whether -w ether the principles of tion of celibacy, will appear less attractive than ascience are thoroughly understood. mathematical . situation which enables the person who holds it to The details will probably be best arranged by some marry at an early age. of those eminent men who have lately been modera- The India Act next empowers the Board of Con - the University tors in ofCambridge, and who know trol to determine the qualifications of the candi- by experience how to conduct the examinations of dates for admission to Haileybury. It seems to us large num bers hh of persons simultaneously. It must, to be proper that every person who intends to be a however, b e e orne i n mind that the;extent and di candidate should, at least six weeks before the ex- recn h o rah mathematical reading, especially in the amination, notify, his intention to the Board of higher .. nc h es, differ greatly at the different uni- Control, and should at the same time transmit a versifies of . t e . united" kingdom. The mathema list of the subjects in which he proposes to be ex- ti a exam . ination for the Indian service must, amined, in order that there,may be time to provide th er efore, in or d erwider to do justice to all candidates, a sufficient number of examiners in each depart- em brace Jac? ) a.dwi Oxford,r range of questions 'than is usual meet. - He should, at the same time, lay before the board testimonials certifying that his moral a Of em l trl3rge, or Dublin. s some natural sciences which do not character is good. Whether the testimonials be or fall un a de e r the ear head of mixed mathematics, and es be not satisfactory, is a point which we conceive p ec ielly ee ch em i s t ry, i geblogy, mineralogy, botany, may safely be left to the determination of theboard. a n dge neral education v iave been introduced as a part of The board is then authorised by the act to make uca 'on into several of our universities regulations prescribing the branches in which the a nd ge colleges. Ther e may be some practical diffi candidates for admission to Haileybury shall be c ultyin arranging the details of an examination in examined. Here arises at once a question of the these scien ces, gravest importance. Ought the examination to be be lieve, b ‘ but it is a difficulty which has, we een at some seats of learning already confined to those-branches of knowledge to which ov e rcome. recommend it is desirable that English gentlemen who mean to ing that th We have no hesitation in remain at home shOuld pay attention? or ought it t . .., i „ ere should be at least one paper of ques ionsererasing to these branches of knowledge. to extend to branches of knowledge which are use ful to a servant of the East India Company, but schemep e o f pose to . include the moral sciences in the examination. Those sciences are, it is useless, or almost useless, to a person whose life is well known, much studied both at Oxford and at to be passed in Europe ? the Scottish Universitie s . Whether this study shall Our opinion is, that the examination ought to be have to do with confined to those branches of knowledge to which shall degenerate mere words or things, whether it pe lt is desirable that English gentlemen who mean to da t into a formal and scholastic n r _ . y,Vor shall train the mind for the highest pur remain at home should pay some attention. po ses of active life It is with much diffidence that we venture to oli the in will depend, to a great extent, predict the effect of the new system, but we think We arewoafyo .w hi c h . the examination is conducted. we can hardly be mistaken in believing that the in- conducted the •pinion that the examination should be techni troduction of that system will be an event scarcely calities shou ldu freest manner, that mere less important to this country than to India. The' should not be be avoided, and that the candidate educated youth of the United Kingdom are hence- The subjects confined to any particular system. forth to be invited to engage in a competition in ments of mo ra l w l hich fall under this head are the ele which about 40 prizes will, on an average, be gained of the ancienrta and political philosophy, the history , every year. Every one of these prizes is nothing less tical philosophy, and modern schools of moral and pol y, an honourable social position and a comfortable d , . the Science of logic, and the in independence for life. It is difficult to estimate the uctive method, of the great text- . which the Nouum Organune, is effect which theprospect ofprizes so numerous and so should be ratbuook.• The object of the examiners attractive will produce. We are, however, familiar powers of minder to put to the test the candidate's than to ascertain the extent of his with some facts which may assist our conjectures. metaphysical reading. At Trinity College, the largest and wealthiest of The whole the colleges of Cambridge, about form fellowships carried on by examination ought, we think, to be candi are given annually by competition. These fellow- dates ought means of written papers. The ships can be held only on condition of celibacy, and nor ought the to be allowed the help of any bunk; the income derived from them is a very moderate. h a s boeu eY, after once a subject for composition one for a single man. It is notorious that the exa- laced be foreroposed to them, or a paper of questions ininations for Trinity Fellowships have, directly Lon till them, to leave the Macs of examinee and indirectly, done much to give a direction to th ey have finished their work. It is of the studies of Cambridge, and of all the numerous course, not to be expected that any man of 22 ' schools which are the feeders of Cambridge. What will have made considerable proficiency in all then is likely to be the effect of a competition for the !subjects of examination. An excellent mathe prizes which will be ten times as numerous as the m atician will often have little Greek, and an excel- Trinity Fellowships, and of which each will be more l ent Greek scholar will be entirely ignorant of valuable than a Trinity Fellowship ? We are in. French and Italian. Nothing can be further from dined to think that the examinations fo r situations l e dge of wid e sur f ace an d o f sma ll d ept h . We are will produce an effect which will be felt in every of p seat of learning throughout the realms-at Oxford credit at all for taking up a subject in he which () is and Cambridge, at the University of London and a mere smatterer. Profound aid accurate ac the University of Durham, at Edinburgh and quaintance with a single language ought to tell Glasgow, at Dublin, at Cork, and at Belfast. The more than , bad trahslations and themes in si x n umber of candidates will doubtless be much greater languages. A. single paper which shows that the than the number of vacancies. It wi l l not sur p ris e writer thorou g hl y understands the princip les of us if the ordinary number examine d should be an. the differenti a l ca l cu l us oug ht t o t e ll more that 20 three or four hundred. The great majority, and superficial and incorrect answers to que • stions about among them many young men of excellent abilities chemistry, b o t any, mineralogy, metaphysics, logic, and laudable industry, must be un successful. If, . and Euglish history. therefore, branches of knowledge specially Oriental I It will be necessary that a certain number of should be among the subjects of examination, it is marks should be assi • gned to each subject, and that probable that a considerable number of the most; the place of a can did a t e s h ou ld be determined by hopeful youths in the country will be induced to 1 the sum total of the marks which he has • gained. waste much time , at that perio d o flif e a t w hi c h I The marks ought , time is most precious, in studies which will never, I among the subje cts of examination in such a in any conceivable case , be o f the smallest use to 1 manner that no p art of the kingdom, and no class them. We think it most desirabl e that the e x ami - , of schools) shallservants exclusively furnish to the nation should be of such a nature that no candidate East India Company. It would be grossly unjust, who may fail shall, to whatever calling be may for example, to the great academical ins titutions of b e take himself, have any reason to regret the time En g land, not to allow skill in Greek and Latin and labour which he spent in preparing himself to' versification to have a considerable share in det e r be examined. 1 mining the issue of th e competition. Skill in Nor do we think that we should render any ser - , Greek and Latin versification has , indeed, no direct vice to India by inducing her future rulers to neglect ' tendency to form a judge, a financier, or a diploma in their earlier years European literature'and science , tist. But the youth who does best what a ll th e 1 for studies spec iall y Indian. We believe that men , ablest and most ambitious youths about nu n are who have been engaged up to 21 or 22 in studieel trying to do well will generally prove which have no immediate connexion with the rior man ; nor can we doubt that an accomplish business ele'Pe. business of any profession, and of which the effect; silent by which Fox and Canning, Greny'll P ish is merely to open, to invigorate, and to enrich the , Wollealey, Mansfield and Teuterden first l e and d. mind, will generally be found, in the business of tinguished themselves above their fellows , • dm.- every profession, superior to men who have, at 18 ca f es powers of mind, which, properly trained in and 19, devoted themselves to the special studies of directed, may do groat service to the State. O n an d or io, devoted themseles to the special studies of directed, may do groat service to the State. O n th The most illustrious English jurists other hand, we must remember that in the n th e their calling. have been men who have never opened a lawbook of this island the art of metrical composition in o t r h till after the close of a distinguished academical ancient languages is very little cultivated, and tha t e career ; nor is there any reason to suppose that men so eminent as Dugaid Stewart, Horner, Jef greater lawyers if they had : frey, and Mackintosh would probably have been they would have been passed in drawing pleas and conveyances the time quite unable to write a good copy of Latin alcaics, THE INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE. or to translate ten lines of Shakspere into Greek iambics. We wish to see such a system of exami nation established as shall not exclude from the' service of the East India Company either a Mack intosh or a Tenterden, either a Canning or a Horner. We have, with an anxious desire to deal fairly by all parts of the United Kingdom, and by all places of liberal education, framed the following scale, which we venture to submit for your consid eration English language and literature : Composition ... ... .. History ... ... ... General literature ... .. 500 500 500 Greek .. , ... ... ... Latin ... ... ... ... French ... ... ... ... German ... ... ... Italian ... ... ... Mathematics pure and mixed ... Natural sciences ... ... ... Moral sciences ... ... ... Sanscrit ... ... ... ... Arabic ... ... 1,500 ' 750 750 375 275 . 1000 500 500 375 375 6,875 It seems to us probable that of the 6,875 'marks, which are the maximum, no candidate will ever obtain half. A candidate who is at once a distin guished classical scholar and a distinguished mathe matician will be, as he ought to be, certain of suc cess. A classical scholar who is no mathematician or a mathematician who is no classical scholar will be certain of successif he is well read in the history and literature of his own country. A young man who has scarcely any knowledge of mathematics, little Latin, and no Greek, may pass such an ex amination in English, . French, Italian, German, geology, and chemistry that he may stand at the head of the list. ji n mu e s l c pt e t oi s as s e aseaisrb us e uy scar no expense ought be grudged which may be t a h m a i t n , eifrathiße every in br e a r n s c b h e o w f e l l e l a c r h n o in se g n . , it E i x s p u er t i t : 3 n rl e y e o o ew f n to t i h rf e e ke a no b on l wfi e s dl t ee dn e gxe shee which is the effect of the process popularly called cramming can ever be successful against real learn ing and ability. Whether the examinations ought to be held half yearly or annually is a question which cannot, we l to t ihs n a : te e pu l r y troeh b ne eo the i n h dneeeccl isu e ne s sg rsi necessary cy with esfor to us to add that think, be satisfactorily determined till after the first experiment has been made. When the result of the examination has been de clared the successful candidates will not yet be civil servants of the East India Company, but only civil servants elect. It appears from the 40th clause of the act to be the intention of the Legislature, that before they proceed to the East there should be a period of probation and a second examina tion. In what studies, then, ought the period of pro bation to be passed ? And what ought to be the nature of the second examination ? It seems to us that, from the moment at which the successful candidates, whom we will now call probationers, have been set apart as persons who will, in all probability, have to bear a part in the government of India, they should give their whole minds to the duties of their new position. They must now be considered as having finished their general education, and as having finished it with honour. Their serious studies must hence forth be such as have a special tendency to fit them for their calling. Of the special knowledge which a civil servant of the company ought to possess, much can be ac quired only 'in India, and much may ‘be acquired far more easily in India `than in England. It would evidently be a mere waste of time to employ a month hero in learning what may be better learnt in a week at Calcutta or Madras. But there are some kinds- of knowledge which are not considered n is neh t b i re a ulv l partstnamndtai India. We which fa o c. wt the uee t i i it conceive omni : sup : bea mostEeinvr ayne England should htaehonduadutucnaeop possess, so impo rt antrn:yse ssopsf ea s ilytooai our Ya sawt t hilocaueininvsctehshi proba tioner ought during the interval between his first and his second examination to apply himself vigorously to the acquiring of these kinds of knowledge. The subjects of these new studies will, we apprehend, be found to range themselves under four heads. He should, in the first place, make himself well acquainted with the history of India, in the largest sense of the word ' history.' He should study that history, not merely in the works of Orme, Wilks, and of Mill, but also in the travels of Bernier, in the odes of Sir William Jones, and in the journals of Heber. Ho should be well informed about the geography of the country, about' its natural productions, about its manu factures, about the physical and moral qualities of the different races which inhabit it, and about the doctrines and rites of those religions which have so powerful an influence on the population. He should trace with peculiar care the progress of the British power. He should understand the constitution of our Government, and the nature of the relations between that Government and its vassals, Mussulman, Mahratta, and Rajpoot. He should consult the most important Parliamentary reports and debates on Indian affairs. All this may be done with very much greater facility in England than in India, except at the three seats of Government, if, indeed, the three seats of Govern ment ought to be excepted. 2. It seems tol us to be desirable that every probationer should bestow some attention on the general principles of jurisprvdence. The great ma jority of the civil servants of the East India Com pany are employed in the administration of justice. A. large proportion of them are judges ; and some of the most important functions of the collectors are strictly judicial. That the general principles of jurisprudence may be studied here with more ad vantage than in India will be universally acknow ledged. 3. We think that every probationer ought to prepare himself for the discharge of his duties by paying some attention to financial and commercial science. He should understand the mode of keep ing and checking accounts, the principles of bank ing, the laws which regulate the exchanges, the nature of public debts, funded and unfunded, and the effect produced by different systems of taxation on the prosperity of nations. We would by no means require him to subscribe any article of faith touching any controverted point in the science of political economy ; but it is not too much to expect that he will make himself acquainted . with those treatises on political economy which have become standard works. These , studies can undoubtedly be prosecuted with more advantage in England than in India. 4. We think that the study of the vernacular languages of India may with great advantag e be be gun in England. It is, indeed, only by int ercourse with the native population that an Englishman can acquire the power of talking Bengalee or Telugu with fluency. But familiarity with the Bengalee or Telugu alphabet, skill in tracing the Bengalee or Telugu character, and knowledge of the Bengalee or Telugu grammar, may be acquired as quickly in this country as in the East. Nay, we are inclined to believe that an English student will, at his first in troduction to an Indian language, make more rapid progress under good English teachers than under pundits, to whom he is often unable to explain his difficulties. We are, therefore, of opinion that every probationer should acquire in this country an elementary knowledge of at least one Indian language. If this recommendation be adopted, it will be desirable that the probationers should, immediately after the first examination, be distributed among the presidencies. It will, indeed, be desirable that the division of the Bengal civil service into two pthaertlso,woenre pdleosvtiindo ne e es, f sh r o t u h l e d u b p e p m er and the adeheroat ot t he he r for ear liest possible moment, instead of being made, as it now is, at Calcutta. I In ha t manner presidencies the distribution ought henceforth of civil t s e ro vats amongbe made is a ques tion which, though it has been re ferred to us, is yet so closel y connected with the q uestions which have been referred to us, that we ser vants have been forced to take it into consideration. We are disposed to think that it might be advisable to allow the probationers, according to the order in which they stand at the first examination, to choose their presidencies. The only objection to this arrangement is, that, as the Presidency of -Bengal is generally supposed to be the theatre on which the abilities of a civil, servant may be most advantage ously displayed, all the most distinguished young men would choose Bengal, and would leave Madras and Bombay to those who stood at the bottom of the list. We admit that this would be an evil, but it would be an evil which must, we conceive, speedily cure itself ; for as soon as it becomes noto rious that the ablest men in the civil service are all collected in one part of India, and are there stopping each other's way, a probationer who is free to make his choice will prefer some other part of India,where,though the prizes maybe a little less at- ~~~~~ /- //~~~~ ;~ ' Henceforth, !the students must be considered as men whose general education has been finished, . and finished with great success. Greek, Latin, and inatnelnaties Isi:; no longer be parts of the course of study. The whole education will be special, 9.nd ought, in some departments, to be o f a different kind from that which has hitherto been given. We are far, indeed, from wishing to detract from the merit of those professors—all of them highly respectable and some of them most eminent—who have taught law and political economy at Hailey bury. But it is evident that a course of lectures on law or political economy, given to boys of 18, who have been selected merely by favour, must be a very different thing from a course of lectures on law or political economy given to men of 23, who have been selected on account of their superior abilities and attainments. As respects law, indeed, we doubt whether the most skilful instructor will be able, at Haileybury, to impart to his pupils that kind of knowledge which it is most desirable that they should acquire. Some, at least, of the proba tioners ought, we conceive, not merely to atten d l ectures, and to read well-chosen books onjuris prudence, but to see the actual working of the ma chinery by which justice is administered. Th ey ought to h ear l egal quest i ons i n w hi c h gre at princi ples are involv e d argued by t h e a bl es t cou nsel and ought decided to b d y ra th w e u h p i g r h e e P s o t r ts Co o u ft e argume nts i n t he both of realm. They the advocates and o f the judges. They ought to attend both civil and criminal trials, and to take notes of the evidence, an d of the discussions an d decisions respecting the evide nce . It might be particularly desirable that th ey eh • u m attend the sittings of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council when important appeals fron t India are under the consideration of that tribunal. A pro bationer, while thus employed, should re gu l ar ly submit his notes of arguments and of evid ence to his legal instructor for correction. Such a traini ng as this would, we are inclined to think, be air ex _ cellent preparation for official life in India ; and we must leave it to the Board of Control to consider whether any plan can be devised by which such a trainiag can be made compatible with reside nce at Haileybury.—We have the honour to be, sir, your obedient servants, " T. B. MActinar. " ASHBURTON. "H. MELVILL. " B. JOWETT. " J. G. S. LEFEVER. " Nov., 1854." THE MISSION OF M. TON USED OM. ( From the Times.) If the objects of M. von Usedom's mission to this country were confined to the transmission of certain communications from the Court of Berlin to the West- ern Powers, in the hope of inducing them to enter into separate engagements with Prussia, or of limiting the extent of the resolutions in which Austria has already concurred, a very short time would probably suffice to satisfy the Prussian emissary, who is an intelligent man, that he could hardly have arrived at a less fortunate moment for the King's purpose. We suspect, however, that this gentleman is the bearer of no such instruc• tions, and that in visiting England he merely brings an autograph letter to the Queen, and is desired to observe the real state of affairs. Prussia has already placed herseif so far in the rear of the policy of the other Great Powers of Europe, that she has no claim to be heard on the present state of these questions until she has adopted the principles which now form the basis of the Triple Alliance of England, France, and Austria ; and there is not the slightest disposition on the part of any of these Powers to suspend the operations or the political measures they would otherwise take in order to 4 . nit the convenience of a Court which has shown so little disposition to carry on its former engagements to their legitimate consequences. The effect of M. von Usedoni's mission in this country and in France will therefore be absolutely null and void ; and the journey of _ _ Colonel von Man teuffei to Vienna will probably be equally bootleis. Nevertheless there is one point of view in which these missions may perchance be productive of some _ . beneat to Vic c nninon cause. M. von Uscdom is a map of iudependent character and position, attached to the Paiha,mentary party, and favourable to the policy of the Western Powers ; he took his instructions for this WS• sion, not from the Government, who justly regard hiss as a sincere and formidable opponent, but from the King, who has confidence in his fidelity and discernment. It is, moreover, no slight triumph of the political views so long and so ably represented in this country by Che valier Bunsen that, on the first emergency, Prussia sends to England a maa who is known toohave been reared in aa, the same liberal faith, and to be as steadily attached to the same cause. For these reasons M. von Usedom has been received in this cou n t r y w ith a d e g r e e o f con fidence which few other diplomatic agents of Prussia could have obtained. Upon his return he will therefore have an opportunity of informing the mind of the King on some points which have hitherto been entirely obscure and impenetrable to the royal perceptions. He will tell his Majesty that this war is waged by the whole British nation, without distinction of parties, because we believe it to be a war for the defence of right, for the chastise ment of wrong, and for the safety of Europe. He will assure him that, although we have no secret objects or sinister motives in con - ducting this war, the Queen of England and her people will never be content with less than the objects and securities they have pledged them selves to obtain. He will add that, although the losses already sustained by us have been severe, and are severely felt by the whole community iu this country, yet that there lives not in this land a man so base as to set his private sacrifices or private griefs against the call of public ditty ; and he may wind up his report by an intimation that the readiness of the country to carry on the war against Russia is not greater than their astonishment that the Government of Prussia should occupy a position so unworthy of the successor of Frederick the Great, and of the people whom Mr. Cobden terms " the brain of Germany." It matters little what M. von Usedom may have to say hero, for the Allied Governments have already con tracted reciprocal engagements, and have a systematic policy of their own. But the result of this mission may not be unfelt at Berlin, where the Government is under no engagements to any one, and has, as yet, no policy. In speaking of the Government of Prussia, we mean at present that cabal of time-serving Ministers and influen tial chamberlains who have mainly contributed to place their country in its present situation, because they have the interests of a foreign Power more nearly at heart than those of Germany and of Prussia. The King is, after all, a well-meaning man, anxious to be well with all the world—as good a talker and as learned a King as our James 1., and almost as brave. We wish him well, for we wish him better Ministers and truer friends. But with the Gerlachs, and Groebens, and Manteuffele, we know no peace. They are the heads or the instru ments of a party which must be eradicated from the soil before the King of Prussia can be the ruler of an inde pendent realm, and of a p ro ud and contented people. The confidence pl ace d in these men by the Emperor of Rus•ia, who knows that, as long as they have the power, they will hold the north of Germany in check, is one of the principal causes of the war, for it en courages the enemy to rely on their assistance, as the declaration made the other day by M. de Gerlach in the Diet showed that amity with Russia is the basis of their policy. , tThe we are ready to believe, is less in different to the good opinion and goodwill of this oountry. pi e shares our religious faith, he is attached to the English Royal family, and in happier times he culti vated our alliance. We have done nothing to forfeit his regard, but the sycophints about him have continued to alienate him from his best friends, and it must be by his own actions alone that he can regain the sympathy which is now interrupted. . Among the delusions prevalent in Berlin as to the present state of feeling in the other capitals of Europe, there seems to be a notion in certain quarters that by holding out long enough from the general alliance Prus sia will obtain her own terms, and will induce the other Powers to bid for her support by some important oen cessions to her own partictihr advantage. Thus , it is already hi n t e d th at if we could be induced to promote her views is the abolition of the Sound dues, which are the security for a public debt held to a large extent in this country ; or if we would re-open the Danish nego tiation of 1552, to which she gave so reluctant an assent, or conseA to detach Holstein from the Mullah monarchy, Prussia might be induced to lend a more favourable ear to the proposals of the Western Powers. We really hope that these insinuations are made with out sufficient authority, for if anything could increase the unfavourable impression which the conduct of the Prussian Government has produced abroad, it would be the c mviction that the Catinet of Berlin is speculating on the c alamities of Europe to promote its private ob jects. If her duty to Germany and to Europe does not speak high enough to prescribe the course she ought to pursue, it would be vain for us to solicit her "active co operation in the common cause" on any other terms. As long as the King is surrounded by his present ad. visors this co-operation is impossible, for all Europe knows that no communication can be made to the Court of Berlin which is not immediately transmitted to St. Petersburg for the information of the Czar. To such lengths has this treachery been carried that when General Bonin,*as Minister of War, had prepared a scheme of military operations for the Prussian army on the eastern frontier of the kingdom, with a view to the possibility of a future war with Russia, this se cre t paper, of which only three copies were in existence, was conveyed to the Emperor of Russia, and the person who committed this act of treason to Isis country, as we must call it, wag either a great officer of State or a member of the King's own family. After such an occurrence as that, it is im possible that foreign Governments should enter into confidential negotiations with a Court in which the avowed p Lrtisane of the common enemy still exercise an undisguised ascendancy ; and the first condition of the restoration of Prussia to the position she has relinquished will be the formation of a Government in that country not identified with the cause to which we are opposed. The King of Prussia peremptorily declines to adhere to the treaty of the 2d of December, because he thinks it beneath his dignity to follow in the track of the three other Powers. But is it more consistent with his dignity to be put aside altog ether in the gr ea t est stru gg le which Europe has witnessed since 1815, or to be represented by ministers whose fidelity to the interests of their country cluded by Austria with the Western Powers has already had the effect of demonstrating to the King of Prussia that in his present position he cannot remain, and we t rus t the mission of M. Von Usedom to this countr y t I a step towards a more definite and trustworthy olicy, [P RICE SD. tractive, the competition will,be na uch less form id able. If, ho wever, it should be thought inexpedient to allow the probationers to choose their own presidencies in the manner which we have suggested, it seems to us that the best course would be to make the dis tribution by lot. We are satisfied that, if the dis tribution be made arbitrarily, either by the direc ' tors, or by her Majesty's Minister for Indian Affairs, it will be viewed with much suspicion and will excite much murmuring. At present nobody complains of the distribution. A gentleman who has obtained a Bombay writership for his son is delighted and thankful. It may not be quite so acceptable as a Bengal writership would have bee., but it is a free gift, it is a most valuable favour and it would be the most odious ingratitude to re pine because it is not more valuable still. Hence, forth, an appointment to the Civil Service of the Company will not be a matter of favour, but matter of right. He who obtains such an appoint ment will owe it solely to his own abilities and in dustry. If, therefore, the Court of Directors or the Board of Control should send him to Bombay when he wishes to be sent to Bengal, and should send to Bengal young men who in the examination stood far below him, he will naturally think him self injured. His family and friends will espouse his quarrel. A cry will be raised that one man is favoured because he is related to the chairman, and another because he is befriended by a member of Parliament who votes with the Government. It seems to us, therefore, advisable that the distribu tion of the civil servants among the presidencies, if it cannot be made the means of rewarding merit, should - be left to chance. After the allotment, of course, any two probationers should be at liberty to make an exchange by consent. But, in whatever manner the distribution may be made, it ought to be made as soon as the issue of the first examination is decided, for, till the distri bution is made, it will be impossible for any proba tioner to know what vernacular language of India it would be most expedient for him to study. The Hin dostanee, indeed, will be valuable to him wherever he may be stationed, but no other living language is spoken over one-third of India. Tamul would be as useless in Bengal, and Bengalee would be as useless at Agra as Welsh in Portugal. We should recommend that every probationer, for whatever presidency he may be destined, should be permitted to choose Hindostanee as the lan guage in which he will pass. A probationer who is to reside in the lower provinces of the Bengal presidency should be allowed to choose either Hin dostanee or Bengalee. A probationer who is to go to the upper provinces should be allowed to choose among Hindostanee, Hindee, and Persian. A pro bationer who is to go to Madras should be allowed to choose among Hindostanee, Telugu, and Tamul. A probationer who is to go to Bombay should be allowed to choose among Hindostanee, Mahratta, and Guzeratee. It is probable that some probationers who have a peculiar talent for learning languages will study more than one of the dialects among which they are allowed to make their choice. Indeed, it is not improbable that some who take aia interest in philology will apply themselves voluntarily to the Sauscrit and the Arabic. It will hereafter be seen that, though we require as the indispensalle condi tion of passing only an elementary knoledge of one of the vernacular tongues of India, We propose to giv,e encouragement to those students who aspire to be : eminent orientalists. The four studies, then, to which, in our opinion, the probationers ought to devote themselves dur ing the period of probation, are, first, Indian his tory • secondly, the science of jurisprudence ; thirdly, commercial and financial science ; and, fourthly, the oriental tongues. The time of probation ought not, we think, to be less than one year, nor more than two years. There ,should be periodical examinations, at which a probationer of a year's standing may pass, if he can, and at which every probatianec of two years' standing must pass, on pain of forfeiting his appointment. This examination should, of course, be in the four branches of knowledge already men tioned as those to which the attention of the pro bationers ought to be specially directed. ItliFks should be assigned to the different subjects, as at the first examination, and it seems to us reason able that au equal number of marks should be assigved to all the four subjects, on the supposi tion that each probationer is examined - in only one of the: vernacular languages of India. , Sometimes, however, as we have said, a probationer may study more , than one of these vernacular languages of India among which he is at liberty to make his choice, or may, in addition to one or more of the vernacular languages of India, learn Sanscrit or Arabic. We think it reasonable that to every language in which he offers himself for examina tion an equal number of marks should be assigned. When the marks have been cast up, the proba tioners who have been examined should be arranged in order of merit. All those who have been two years probationers, and who have, in the opinion of the examiners, used their time well, and made a respectable proficiency, should be declared civil servants of the company. Every probationer who, having been a probationer only one year, has ob tained a higher place than some of the two-year men who have passed, should also be declared a civil servant of the Company. All the civil servants who pass in one year should take rank in the service according to their places in the final examination. Thus a salutary emulation will be kept up to the last moment. It ought to be observed, that the precedency which we propose to give to merit will not be merely honorary, but will be attended by very solid advantages. It is iu order of seniority that the members of the civil service succeed to those annuities to which they are all looking for ward, and it may depend on the manner in which a young man acquits himself at his final exami netion, whether he shall remain in India till he is past 50, or shall be able to return to England at 47 or 48. The instances in which persons who havebeeia suc cessful in the first examination will fail in the final examination, will, we hope and believe, he very few. We hope and believe, also, that it will very rarely be necessary to expel any probationer from the service on account of grossly profligate habits, or of any action unbecoming a man of honour. The probationers will be young men su perior to their fellows in science and literature ; and it is not among young 'men superior to their fellows in science and literature that scandalous immorality is generally found to prevail. It is notoriously not once in twenty years :that a stu dent who has attained high academical distinction is expelled from Oxford or Cambridge. Indeed, early superiority in scienea and literature generally indicates the existence of some qualities which are securities against vico—industry,self-drnial, a taste for pleasures not sensual, a laudable desire of honourable distinction, a still more laudable desire to obtain the approbation of friends and relations. We therefore believe that the intellectual test which is about to be establilhed wilt be found in practice to be also the best moral test, that can be devised. Ono important question still remains to be con sidered. Where are the probationers to study ? Are they all to study at Haileybury ? Is it to be left to themselves to decide whether they will study at Haileybury or elsewhere ? Or will the Board of Control reserve to itself the power of determining which of them will studyat Haileybury, and which of them shall be at liberty to study elsewhere ? That the college of Hadoybury is to be kept up is clearly implied in the terms of the 37th and 39th Clauses of the India Act. That the Board of Control may make regulations which would admit into the civil service persons who have not studied at Haileybury, is as clearly implied in the terms of the 40th and 41st Clauses. Whether the law ought to be altered is a question on which we do not presume to give an opinion. On the supposi tion that the law is to remain unaltered, we ven ture to offer some suggestions which appear to us to be important. There must be, wo apprehend, a complete change in the discipline of the College. Almost all the present students are under 20 •, almost all t all the students will be above 21. The present students have gone to Haileybury from schools where they have been treated as boys. The new students will generally go thither from universities, where they have been accustomed to enjoy the liberty of men. It will therefore be absolutely necessary that the regulations of the College should be altered, and that the probationers should be subject to no more severe restraint than is imposed on a Bachelor of Arts at Cambridge or Oxford. There must be an extensive change in the build ings of the College. At present each student has a single small chamber, which is at once his parlour and bedroom. It will be impossible to expect men of 22 or 23, who have long been accustomed to be lodged in a very different manner, to be content with such accommodation. There must be a great change in the sy s t em o f study. At present the students generally go to Haileybury before they have completed their ge neral education. Their general education and their special education, therefore, go on togethpr. .