The Sun. — London, England, 1863-09-18 00:00:00

T lIE WESTERN STATES. (nom . :the Special Correspondent of the Times.) CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, Sept. 2. It d oes, not take many days' residence at Chicago to mal Le a traveller aware that he has reached the very lie art of American life. The valley of the MiSElif .ppi is a great bread basket, and so long as man lit - es by bread it will have a great ascendancy over 1 - 1 .e destinies, not merely of this continent, but of the world at large. The Americans are very fond of pc )i nting to their " glorious institutions," or else to aLe it stirring, thrifty, mettlesome race, for the rapi d growth of their communities, and the rise of the it colossal power. The fact, is, however, that thore are here material advantages sufficient to account for any phenomenon of great and sudden social increase. The wealth and prosperity are of pature's own making, and the Anglo-Saxon tribe has achieved here no greater prodigies than such as, u oder the same circumstances, would be exhi bited, by any other human family. In, the early part of the present century this cen tral, region of the American continent was hardly explored, yet the rich sail of the western divisions of the Atlantic States, and the as yet unsettled ter rit arias of Ohio, Kentucky, and Tennessee.held out tb e strongest inducement to immigrant enterprise, and the West—the far West—waa looked upon as the common refuge, no less than the common storehouse, of mankind. Those territories became States, new ones were added, the great west receded further and further still, till the whole of the great valley was, if not actually colonised, at least meted out and apportioned into various lots, to which the World was freely invited to help itself. Ohio, Tennessee, and Kentucky are now old settle ments—indeed, the inhabitants of the latter State are never so happy as when they can designate their country as " Old Kentuck." Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, have sprung up within score of years, and count their people by millions. The new fledglings are now lowa, Wisconsin, Mis nessota ; then will come the turn of Kansas, Ne braska, Dacotah ; not to push our observations beyond our limits, and to say nothing of the regions lying to the west of the Rocity Mountains. The valley of the Mississippi, with all its tribu taries, makes up an area of 1,210,000 square miles. All of it is not Eden, certainly, but there is no doubt as to the health and wealth, the vastness and inexhaustibleness of these north- western districts. " The soil on the river bottoms of Illinois is often 25 or 30 feet deep, and the upper prairie districts are hardly less productive. Forty bushels of wheat or 100 bushels of Indian corn to the acre is a com mon product here." In West Virginia, Kentucky, °Ai°, or Tennessee the colonist was at least at the trouble to clear the ground, and wage war to the ail-encumbering forests ; but in these more western districts man's work has been most carefully and providentially done by nature. " These prairies," says a writer whose words I would not quote if I could substitute anything more graphic and im- pressive : " These boundless prairies seem as if they had been cleared by the patient labour of another race l of men, removing a ll the forests, and stump s, and bramb es, and smoothing the m down as if with mighty rollers, and sowing them with grass and flowers ; a race which then passed away, having built no houses of their own, and made no fences, and set out no trees, and established no landmarks, to lay the foundation of any future claim. You ascend the Mississippi amid scenery unsurpassed in beauty probably in the world. You see the waters making their way along an interval of from two to four miles in width, between bluffs of from 100 to 600 feet in height. Now the river makes its way along the eastern range of bluffs, and now thp western and now in the centre, and now it divides itself into nume rous channels, forming thousands of beautiful islands, covered with long grass ready for the sithe of the mower. purse blnffs, rounded with taste and skill, such as could be imitated by no art of man, and set out with trees here and there gracefully arranged like orchards, seem to have been sawn with grain to the summit, and are clothed with beau tiful green. You look out instinctively for the house and barn, for flocks and herds, for men and women and chil dren, but they are not there. A race that is gone seems to have cultivated those fields, and then to have silently dis appeared, leaving them tor the first man that should come from the older parts of our own country. or•from foreign lands, to take possession of them. It is only by a proc , ss of reflection that you aro convinced that it is not so. But it is not the work of man. It is God who has done it, when there was no man there save the wandering savage, -alike ignorant and unconcerned as to the design of the great processes in the land where ho roamed. God who did all this, that he might prepare it for the abode of a civilised and Christian people." It is not merely as a pretty picture that I have laid the above striking extract before the reader. It is because it bears me out in my conviction that American progress is mainly owing to material ruses. The growth of Illinois, from 12,288 inhabi tants in 1810 to 1,711,951 in 1860, showing an in crease of 101.03 per 100, exceeds all previous re sults obtained in other States, chiefly, if not alto gether, owing to the fact that the tide of immigra tion, after struggling for years against the difficul ties of mere forest regions, was able to expand un trammelled over the open prairies. These advan tages of Illinois ate equally extended to lowa, - Wisconsin, and to the vaster zones of the Mine sota, Nebraska, and Dacotah territories. Talk about the activity of the American branch of the Anglo- Saxon race! why, the invading tide comes in just now as strong from Germany and Scandinavia as from the States themselves. It is Providence has laid out these magnificent regions for the whole of mankind, and it is very questionable whether De mocratic or any other institutions ever did or ever will rather help than retard the spontaneous work of colonisation. However it maybe, the bread basket is half-full, the Mississippi valley is settled as far at least as the current of the main river itself, and the produce of this western region is so portentously great es not only to constitute the main wealth of the American Union, but to render the prosperity of all the other States, the whole social and political movement of the commonwealth, in a great measure subservient to its interests and exigencies. The Atlantic States are to the Great West merely in the light of fetchers and carriers. Those who have in their hands the bread basket are entitled to the choice of the means by which its contents shall spread through the world. I have had occasion to say before this that the main natural outlets for the agricultural wealth of the West are three—the Mississippi river at the south, the great lakes, and the St. Lawrence in the north, and the railway and canal lines through New York State down to the Hudson river in the east. Chicago can hardly be said to lie in the Mississippi valley. y Its watershed slopes down to the lake region, but it has a point of contact with the southern waters by the means of the Michigan and Illinois canal, a hydraulic work about 90 miles in length, which from this city to La Salle or Peru establishes a communication between Lake an and the Illinois river, and through this latter with the great Mississippi stream. The great object of the Chicago people is now to convert it into a great ship canal. All round the city from which lam now writing no less than 17 railway lines spread out as far as Sr. .Tosenh, Des Moines and Council Bluffs, Galena, Dubuque, Cedar Falls, and Fort Dodge, Prairie-du-Chien, Milwaukee, LA Cro sse , an d S t. Paul, into Kansas, lowa, Nebraska , Wisconsin, and Minesota, into the whole north-western district. Chicago is the great centre o f western comm erce, and when its treasures are accumulated in its ware houses and wharfs, the great question arises h ow they can be best disposed of. One of the great chan ne!s of export lies along the line of the lake Michi gan and Huron, St. Clair river and lake, and hence through the pass of Detroit into Lake Erie, out of which the British canal Welland opens into Lake Ontario, and from this again through the canal and river of St. Lawrence, finds an outlet into the At lantic to Europe. Another line of water communica tion, going equally through the lakes of Michigan, and St. Clair into Lako Erie, proceeds through the Erie Canal from Buffalo to Albany, and hence !down the beautiful Hudson river to New York. There can be doubt as to which of these two routes is better suited to the western trade. The industry and magnificence of the British Government have made the Canada line so convenient that vessels of 400 to 590 tons have already sailed all the way frcm Chi c,:go to Liverpool, and vice versa. But the jealousy and cupidity of the New York merchants, on whose good pleas - ure. these Western producers are, owing to their poverty, to a great extent dependent, have had the tendency to give their narr ow an d croo k e d lin es ; the advantage, and the whole system of New York and Pennsylvania railway and canal companies have of late been greatly enriched at the expen e of the true interests no less of the West than a' the com merce of the whole world. It is computed that while:the freight of a bushel of corn from Chicago to Liverpool by the Canada line only comes to 49c., the freight of the same merchandise from Chicago to Liverpool by the New York line costs no less than 540. The length of the voyage by the first line and by sailing vessels is only 20 to 22 days ; by the other route it is 36 to 40 days. It is found, moreover, that both the St. Lawrence and the Hudson River lines are sadly inadequate to the wants of the Western trade; and I have heard Western men, both at Cincinnati and here, com plain that the interruption of the Mississippi trade consequent upon the civil war had occasioned an obstruction in their exports that all the activity of the Northern and Western lines could not remove. I have been told that whole mountains of Western corn and meat were kept waiting for weeks and months at the wharves of the canals and at the rail way stations at Erie and Buffalo, waiting for an out, let through the overtasked means of communication on the New York lines. There is no end, also, to the complaint of these Westerners as to the extor tion, ill-faith, and downright knavery of those New York companies; and I know of one instance of a merchant whose corn, which was valued at 75c. per bushel at Chicago, was sold at 74c. per bushel at New Yorli—a phenomenon for which he was at a loss to account, until he found out by inquiry that the rogues at the Buff a lo elevators had substituted their own third-rate s t u ff i n stead of the prime article which he had intrusted to their conveyance. The imperfect, insufficient, and " over-sharp" means of communication which were opened in New York for the exportation of Western pro duce, made these Westerners not a little fretful at the war which closed their natural outlet of the was b M eg is i a n i n ss in ip g p t i o against them t p h a e t m ien ; un th to e th cvl war e i s i evereet test; and had the fall of Vicksburg and Port Hudson been put off for five or six months longer t i n t e i s o l d o i s ffi i c g u o l t f t t h o e say' B to s what spp desperate i m i ght lution not ha v e driven the great West;notwithstanding the large demands for provisions occasioned by the wasteful war and the very brisk market opened for Western corn and meat for home consumption. Vicksburg and Port Hudson are fallen, and steamers are now plying with tolerable safety along the Mississippi. But these people enjoyed a market no less than a wa y of transit for their goods in the South, and the condition of the Southern States is still such as to g ive little hope for the speedy restoration of busi ness in those quarters. I have a private letter from New Orleans before me, the tone of which is any thing but cheering for Western interests, and as it comes from Republican sources, it is less liable to the im putation of unfair spirit or wilful exaggeration. " After a voyage of discovery," it says,-- "We find all business, except Government business, very dull. There are no strangers at the hotels, as there used to be; there is no produce on the levee or in store ; there is no money, and trade cannot be resumed to any great extent for a long time. There are none left to buy. The place now is scarce larger than Chicago. Many of the wealthy are gone ; the poor bare been compelled to seek bread elsewhere. There is no labour to be done, no com merce to employ. None of the resources of the past are fruitful now. The system of labour heretofore used on the plantation has been swept away and none other substituted in its place. The rebels have taken most of the ablebodied negro men, and we the rest; and only women are now left to do the labour. It will take years to regulate these matters and recover our prosperity. All things arc done, seemingly, that can be done, to make it onerous to the citi zen, unpleasant to the visitor, and unprofitable to the specu lator—particularly is this true of all people and things that come down the river. There has been a settled policy against the West, though we win all the battles that are won, supply immense material of war in men and food ; have been robbed by our friends : still we suffer impositions that no other people would bear. . . . There is no dis tinction made between the loyal and di-loyal who arrive here by river. One party had to take the oath of allegi ance before they could land even." And again, further,— " Of business there is none, except a very small retail trade. No cotton on he levee, no sugar or molasses, all us clean as a parade ground. But few ships, no steamers, only one or two men-of-war. What a change! This movement was to enrich the South, and place her the brightest, richest gem in the crown of nations. This is a city petrified, a monument of fallen pride. The country around is much of it an unfenced desert. Only a few wholesale houses are open, and these by citizens of another State. You pass down street after street with not a store open, nor even " to let." The people can buy nothing, for they have no money. It this river were opened there would not be much business, from the fact that there is nothing to exchange for produce. Foreign vessels do not come now to deal. They go to New York for the things that they formerly formerly found here. The trade with Cuba and the West Indies, with South America and the Pacific Isles, used to be heavy. One might see at Honololu the products of our section, shipped from New Orleans. On the quay of Valparaisa one could see canvassed meat from Chicago and Cincinnati, via New Orleans. All these things have changed. Illinois and the contiguous States aro deeply interested in this matter, and should give some counsel and aid in bettering the condition of things," I do not know how all this will strike you, but to me it seems rather significant. The rulers at Wash ington seem determined to turn the South into Et wilderness, and they do not or will not see, that by panishing the guilty South. they no less strike the innocent West. There is no very loud complaint i n this latter quarter at the present moment, for the war absoi bs all its produce, and the army is its best of markets. But the war must come to an end, and who is to make up to the West for the loss of its trade with the Southern States? The extermination of those slave communities may suit the trading cupidity, no less than the zealous humanitarianism of New York or Philadelphia, but the West is the arbiter of American destinies, and it will hardly • suit her to submit to Eastern monopoly, and to be deprived of the best means of disposing of he r corn modities. At a moment in which the natural tide of immigration and the tilling of new lands promise to give a new impulse to Western produce, it is hard to think that one of the most active channels for its exportation, one of the most opportune mar kets for its consumption, has ceased to be. These wil! be serious considerations for the West as soon as the excitement for the war and the cry of the " Union at any price" have time to subside. The subjugation of the South may be a desideratum, but its desolation and extinction is a calamity which may have consequences upon districts in which slavery and rebellion were never heard of. A strange feeling it is, taken altogether, which animates these Western people against the trading population of the Atlantic States. Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and all the North West, were mainly colo nized by New Englanders. The Yankees here are still very numerous, and even more powerful. Banking houses, insurance companies, railways , canals, every useful enterprise, is almost exclusively in their hands. They have the law, the magistra ture under their control; they are the politicians, the schoolmasters, the mind and heart, the salt of the community. Their connexions with their Eastern homes are knit with the strongest ties. the capital in circulation in the West is mainly Eastern capital, and the great commercial potentates here are merely the agents and representatives of great New York and Boston houses. Yet the «eat is not the East; not like the East, it likes not the East. The people here are apt to complain of that Eastern sharpness which overt eaches them in every bargain. They fret at the compulsion they labour under, to buy Elstern manufactures at Eastern prices—viz., on such terms as the East imposes. They declare that the cost of every article at Cnicago is double what it would be at New York. Even the Yankee community in the West is dissatisfied with Yankee smartness ; but there is in the West another community ditlerent from the Yankee community, and this consists of those millions of Irish, German, and other immigrants wko constitute the great bulk of the Western population. The men of the upper c l asses here, the rulers of the people, are New Eng landers; but the people at large are that mixture of all races which is crowding this continent with a new nation, a new nation in which the Anglo-Saxon blood has ceased to be the chief ingredient. With this hard-working, stirring, aspiring mass even its Yankee leaders are fain to sympathise. The New Englander is shrewd and accommodating. In the South the settler from the North east always proved to be the most ruthless, uncompromising slaveowner. In the West the Yankee must learn to westernise, to adopt the views, to uphold th:. inte rests, of the people among whom his lot is cast. The time was, perhaps, not far distant when the West, by accumulating a capital of its own, would have shaken off the trammels of the Eastern specu lators, and pursued a social and commercial policy of its own. The great civil war has put a momentary stop to this movement by making a loud appeal to the patriotism of Union, and rousing its passions against the S9uthern rebellion. Al ready, however, the West thinks it has given sufficient proofs of its unbounded devotion. It thinks that the war has lasted long enough, and the victory been carried already beyond those limits which by causing it to weigh heavily on the South make it tell with no less fatal effects against the West. There are not many who speak in this strain among the educated people—nay, the talk is all the other way. I hear nothing but stubborn determi nation to crush, to lay waste, to annihilate the South. The West, however, must sooner or later perceive that cutting off one's nose to spite one's face is an improvident course. Up to this time there is a perfect war drunkenness in the West no less than in the East. But the moment of sober ness is no less sure to come. The Democrats are biding their own turn. We have rather disquieting news concerning the weather and the crops in these Western districts. A very sharp frost spread over all the State of Illinois and the adjoining North- Western districts on the 29th last. According to the particulars that come in from all quarters, it seems that the damage occasioned to the corn, the vines, the gardens and orchards, has been both very extensive and serious. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE. DONCASTER RACES-THURSDAY. The features of " off" days at great meetings, be they Epsom, Goodwood, or Doncaster, are very similar. A com parative quiet and repose pervade the locale. The excite ment of the day before begets the reaction of to-day, and we enjoy a calmer spirit, and (losses taken into considera tion) a more philosophical frame of mind. The moor to-day presented a marked contrast, in the very small attendance of the masses, to the vast crowds that thronged it yesterday. The weather continued fine, and the disagreeable dust which the day before made seeing clearly a difficulty was now absent. The Zetland Stakes were an easy victory for Onesander, who had the best of the race all the way; and the 10 sous. Sweepstakes proved a discomfiture for the winner of the Champagne, as Coast Guard won by four lengths, and Ely was not placed. The Portland Handicap brought the large field of 30 together, a hazardous number for so short a dis tance to select a winner from. The Ring made Poland, however, the favourite, but the top weight gave the fielders an agreeable surprise, Welland winning, after an excellent race, in the last stride by a neck. Usher, in the Juvenile, rewarded the backers by landing them safely, and was bought in by his noble owner for 260 guineas. Only Carnival and Vanessa put in an appearance for the Eglinton Stakes, which Mr. Naylor's colt carried off cleverly • A splendid race between Johnny Armstrong and Poly nesia, for the Cleveland Handicap, was a bonne boracite re served for the finale of the day's sport, Newmarket walking over for the Scarborough Stakes. The Zetland Stakes of 50 sovs each, for 3 yr-olds ; colts ; Bst 71b ; fillies, Bst 31b. Winners extra. One mile and a half. 8 subs. Lord Stamford's Onesander, Bst 71b (A. Edwards) 1 Mr. Bowes's Sauterelle, Bat 31b ..... (Fordham) 2 Count F. de Lagrange's Jarnicoton, Bst 71b.. (Watkins) 3 Betting—Even on Onesander, 5 to 2 agst, Jarnicoton, and 4 to 1 agst Sauterelle. Jarnicoton made play to the foot of the hill, where he was headed by the favourite, who came on with a clear lead to the Stand, where Sauterelle obtained the second place, but without having a chance of reaching Lord Stamford's colt, who won easily by three parts of a length, two lengths separating the second and third. A Sweepstakes of 10 sous each, with 100 added, for 2-yr olds ; colts, Bst 101 b ; fillies, Bst 71b. The owner of the second horse to receive 20 scvs out of the stakes, T.Y.C. 31 subs. Mr.,Rudson's Coast Guard, gat llb (inc. 51b extra) (Cnalloner) 1 Mr. J. Osborne's Prince Arthur, 9st llb (inc. 51b extra) (J. Osborne) 2 Count F. Lagrange's Fills de I'Air, Ost (inc. 71b extra) (A. Watkins) 3 Black Fawn, Ely, and Dr. Rooko also ran. Betting-5 to 2 agst Ely, 3to 1 agat Fillo de I'Air, 3to 1 agst Prince Arthur, and 5 to 1 agst Coast Guard. Prince Arthur made play on the inside, closely attended by Ely, Fille do l'Air, and Black Fawn, Coast Guard fol lowing next. They ran in these positions to the bend, where the latter, who was repeatedly disappointed in get ting through, joined the leader, the pair running together to the distance, where Challoner brought his horse to the front and won in a canter by four length 9, a like distance separating the second and third, a bad fourth. Dr. Itooke trotted in last, but did not pass the post. Match for 300 sovs. h ft, Bst 91b each; both 2-yr-olds, Red house in. Lord Glasgow's Miss Whip filly (Aldcroft) 1 Sir J. Hawley's Mrs. Quickly filly (Wells) 2 Betting-5 to 4on the Mrs. Quickly filly, who made play at a wretched pace to the enclosure, where the non favourite reached her, and in a few strides from home headed her and won easily by a neck. The Portland Plate of 200 soya in specie, added to a Handi cap Stakes of 5 sovs each, for all ages. 'Winners extra. The owner of the second horse to receive 25 soya out of the stakes. Red House in. Mr, G. Bryan's Welland, 4 yrs, 9st 41b (Fordham) 1 Lord Strathmore's Bohemia, 3 yrs, Est 11Ib (Jebb) 2 Mr. R Ten Broeck's Peignoir, 4 yrs, 7st Mr. H. Goater's Creole, 3 yrs, Est 131 b (inclu. 41b extra) (Mordan) 4 The following also ran :—Queen of Trumps, Fravola, Gemma, Black Lily, Biondella, Jackal, Leontes, Lady Abbess, Miss Armstrong, Grisette, Queen Elizabeth, Amazonian, Airedale, Liston, Poland, Calliope colt, Fianc6e, Stampede, Marmion, Coeur de Lion, Michael Scott, Syren, Lyra, Rosebud, Ess Bouquet, and Wild Thyme. Betting— 100 to 30 agst Poland ; 8 to 1 agst Gemma; 100 to 8 each agst Queen of Trumps, Lady Abbess, and Miss Armstrong; 100 to 6 each agst Bohemia and Wel lanct; 20 to 1 agst Fravola; 25 to 1 each agst Biondella, Jackal, Peignoir, and Queen Elizabeth ; 100 to 3 each agst Fianeee, Syren, and Rosebud, and 100 to 10 agst Michael Scott. More than half an hour was eonsumed at the post through the repeated refusals of Black Lily and Queen of Trumps to face their horses. At last the signal flag was lowered to an admirable start, the lot le av i ng t h e post nearly in a n mpsin company w i t h L a d y A bb ess and Leontes,• advance ß for th e fi rst hundred yards, when • the running, w i t h L eontes in at tendance, the pair having a decided lead t o th e b en d , w h ere they were joined by Peignoir in the c entre,whose immediate le.Queen B followers were Jackal, Bohemia, Creole, 'Welland, Grisette, and Gemma, the latter having been sadly knocked about in her attempt to get through. They ran thus to the Stand en closure, when Fordham brought up Mr. Bryan's colt and joined issue with Peignoir, the pair bein g j o i ned by Bohemia and Creole, the quartet finishing a fine race home, Welland winning in the last stride by a neck, a head only separating the second and third, and a length botween the third and fourth ; Wild Thyme, Liston, Jackal, and Queen Eliza beth finishing next, nearly abreast. To these succeeded the Calliope colt, Marmion, and Poland, the last lot being Q ueen of Trumps, Lady Abbess, and Fravola, the positive last being Cceur de Lion. The Juvenile Selling Stakes of 5 soya each, with 50 added, for 2-yr-old colts 9st, fillies and geldings Bst 101 b; with selling allowances. Half a mile. 9 subs. Lord Westmoreland's Usher, Bst (£4O) ...... (Cha 'loner) 1 Mr. Jackson's Prescription, 7st 101 b (£4O) (Doyle) 2 Count Lagrange's Daniel, Bst (£10) ........ (Watkins) 3 Brother Jonathan, Contractor, Salvioni, and Saunterer colt also ran. Betting-6 to 5 agst Usher, 6to 1 each agst Daniel and the Saunterer colt. however, Daniel and Brother to Jonathan took a slight lead, Mr. Ton Broeck's gelding and the Saunterer colt lying n ex t. At the turn Usher came up to his horses and took the lead ,wanitdh Contractor last. at the distance, followed by Prescription, who, failed to reach him, and Lord Westmoreland's colt won easily by a length and a half, a neck separating the second n ss n to s i e el a r s o s ne n da a e3h- h extra, with - Y rse to receive 25 sovs and third. The winnerT he Saunterer g c h o t l t i n w a fo s r f 0 2 : 56 r.oofttlhst guineas.fi Hies and C. Naylor's Carnival, ,, 3 yr 2 s, 9st .... Mr. R. (Challon er) 1 Mr. H. F. Beaumont's Vanessa, yrs, Est Illb (Carroll) 2 the distance, when he went up and won easily The o af o u n r e t Ee of 1 geldings Y t i. n h t T-t e a:hl stakes. 'ldeosSwotweat do: ce3csr 1 ab T oor f; rf . Y yw the . 7i C . 2 9 subs. Betting-100 to 6on Carnival, who waited upon Vanessa of 20 sous The Cleveland handicap , s each, 10 ft, and 5 only if declared, with 100 added. lno owner of the second b t to half two N i V e a L y gt i h n s. . horse to save his stake. One mile, AR " 'subs, 37 of whom declared, &c. Mr. Gordo Johnny Armstrong, 4 yrs, B s t 131 b 41b ex) Polynesia, 4 yrs, 78t (Doyle) 1 Entremet, llubert, 71b Lord Chesterfield's (R. Grimshaw) 2 Mr. C. Snewing's Barter, 3 yrs, sst 121 b On e (j. Grimehaw) 3 and 5 to 1 agst AcTtl:orif,eanllodwrrinhge Serf.also ran :—Bertha, Bettina--2 to 1 agst Johnny Armstrong, 3 to 1 a gst The Barter. Serf, 4 to 1 agst Polynesia, Barter, with her usual impetuosity, jumped away in front and came on with a decided lead, followed by Entremet, Hubert, and the Middleh m horse to the Red House, when Hubert gave way and Polynesia joined the favourite, the pair finishing a close race home ; Johnny Armstrong, run ning the longest, winning by a neck, a bad third. The Serf was fourth, and Entremet fifth. _ The Scarborough Stakes of 20 sovs each, 10ft, for 3-yr• old colts Bst 101 b, and fillies Sst 61b, maiden horses allowance Olb. One mile. 7 subs. Mr, Watt's Newmarket, Bst la., • ► ► ► (J, Snowden) w,o, THE SUN. LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, SEPTEVIIIER 18, 1863. COURT OF COMMON COUNCIL, A Court of Common Council was held yesterday in" the Council Chamber, Guildhall. Sir J. Musgrove presided as locum tenens for the Lord Mayor, and there was a full at tendance of members of the court, this being the first held since the vacation. The TOWN-CLERK read communications that he had re ceived from the secretaries to the Whitechapel Refuge for Homeless Boys, and the City of London Truss Society, thanking the corporation for their grants of £5O to the for mer, and £lOO to the latter useful society. The communications were ordered to be entered upon the journals of the court. CRUELTY TO ANIMALS IN THE METROPOLITAN CATTLE- MARKET. Mr. Noun's, M.P., said that as a good deal of interest had been created in the mind of the public by the reports that had appeared in the newspapers of proceedings at dif• ferent police-courts, in which drovers had been convicted of the most brutal ill treatment of cattle entrusted to their charge at the new cattle-market, he wished to put a ques tion to the chairman of the markets improvement committee upon the subject. It had been stated that the corporation were, to some extent, to blame in the watter, as they granted fresh licenses to persons who had been convicted of cru-lty. and he wished to know whether there was any foundation for this statement, and whether the committee had taken any steps to prevent such acts of cruelty from being com mitted in future. Mr. H. L. TAYLOIL, the chairman of the markets im provement committee, said he was very glad the question had been asked, as it gave him an opportunity of correct ing a good deal of misapprehension that had been created upon the subject by the reports that had been alluded to. He could assure the Court that the committee were most anxious to prevent cruelty from being exercised to the animals in the market, and they co-operated with the officers of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty of Ani mals, with that view, and also employed two sergeants and 12 additional policemen to attend the market on the market • days for the purpose of carrying out those regulations. (Hear, bear.) Wi t h rega rd to the ch a rge made against the committee of havi ng gra nted fresh licenses to drovers who had been convicted of cruelty, he could say that this had never been done, except in two or three cases, and in one of them the party was clearly proved to have been wrongfully convicted, and in the others the offence was of a trivial character, and the license was renewed upon the application of the man's own master. He would add that the committee had moat anxiously consid , red the subject, and were determined to do all in their power to prevent cruelty being practised upon the animals brought to the market over which they had control. (Hear, hear.) Mr. Nonurs and several other members of the court expressed themselves perfectly satisfied with the explana tion that had been given, and the matter then dropped. THE RAISING OP HOLBORN VALLEY. Deputy FRY brought up a report from the improvement committee in reference to the raising of the Holborn valley, with a view to remedy the inconveniences of the present steep ascent at that spot. Ths report was read, and after alluding to the various Acts of Parliament thit had been passed giving powers to the corporation to raise money for the purpose of eff , , cting important improvements in the Ci y of London, concluded by recommending that the committee should be authorised by the court to advertise for designs, plans, and estimates for raising Holborn valley, and to offer premiums of £250 and £l5O re s p ect i vely for the two most approve d d es igns, this being one of the most important improvements required for the benefit of the public and the requirements of com merce. moDtieopnu.ty FRY made a few o b se rvations in support of the Some members wished to know whether there was to be any understanding with regard to the description of im provement t 1 at was intended to be effected, and whether it included the idea of a viaduct ? Mr, H. L. TA YLOR said that the o bj ec t th e comm ittee had in view was clearly to obtain the best plan. (Hear , hear.) He had no doubt th at, if the suggest i on o f th e co mmittee was agreed to by the court - , the highest talent in the countr y would be attracted to the subject, and they would have an opportunity of selecting a plan that would effect the object in view in a satisfactory ma nn er. (Hear, hear.) The report was then un,nimously agreed to. The following motions by Mr. ANDERTON were adopted : "'That all notices of motions to be discussed by the Court of Common Council, not given in open court, but to the town-clerk, shall be entered upon the summons for the next ensuing court, or the court shall be informed that such notices have been received." "That all addresses, remonstrances, and petit;ons, from the 13th of March, 1778, to the present time, which have been presented to the Throne from hie court and the livery, in common hall assembled, with the answers thereto, be printed, and a copy presented to each member of the court.', TILE CORPORATION FINANCES. Mr. DE JERSEY then brought forward a motion which has stood over for several months : " [hat it being an un doubted privilege of every member of this court to b 5 in formed of the financial position of the c-mporation, it be re ferred to the special parliamentary committee forthwith to report to this court what are the flu ds of the corporation which are available for so great an undertaking as the for. motion of the proposed new street from Blackfriars- bridge to the M ans i on House, and which w o uld enabl e the court to make the large o utlay of £350,000 as recommended in th e report of that committee, agreed to by this court on the 28th of May last. This motion gave rise to a warm and somewhat personal discusi ion between several honourable mem bers of the court. It will be remembered that, during the communications that took place Between the corpo. ration and the Metropolitan Board of Works with r e f er . once to the making of the proposed new street from Black friars-bridge to the Mansion House, a special parliamentary committee, of which :Ir. Lawley was the chairman, w as ap , pointed to consider the matter, a nd t he y mad e a report t o the effect th a t it the Government would allow th e corpora but, notwithstanding this, Mr. tion to undertake the formation of the new street, they w ere upon taking the opinion of the court Ron. member addressed the court, at in a position to contribute £350,000 from the funds of the corporation towards effecting the object. Since then Parlia ment has decided upon entrusting the formation of the new support of his motion, and after alluding to s - reet to the Metropolitan Board of Works, so that the ques tionethneegcelataiamtib°lr Board of Works, upon the subject of upon peon Jerseyi his i virtually motion. determinedoti o n. T decidedhe h 0 ; -some length in e h e e t e a d a w i d i with the all the eircurcstauces tr i o e n t : between ain a n d the officers of the corporation and Mr. Cowper, the First Commissioner of the the proposed new s solicitor and the law o fficers of the corporation had signed a report to the effect that there were no funds at the disposal of the corporation front which such a sum as £350,000 could be derived ; and t hat, as the select committee differed from that opinion, and p l e dged themselves to be in a position to raise the amount, if it was required, he thought the citizens of London and the public also ought to know who were in the' right. He said a report of the state of the finances of the corporation was published every year, and this certainly would nor support the views of the committee; for it ap peared by it that the income of the corporation at the pre sent time was hardly equal to the expenditure, and in 1867 he believed there would /-e a deficiency to the amount of £15,400. (Cries of "No, no.") He went on to say that if they really wore in a position to expend £350,000 upon im provements in the City of London, he was sure the public would be very glad to hear it, and many important improve ments, such as those so earnestly called for, in Thames street and at Fenchurch-street, might easily be carried out. Mr. J. PARKER seconded the motion. Mr. LAWLEY o pposed it, and said, with some considerable warmth, that every one knee the object for which it was originally concocted by the Proposer and the gentleman who sat by him (Mr. H. L. Taylor), and another gentleman who was net then in his place. Mr. DE JERSEY and Mr, TAYLOR both rose and declared that if Mr. Lawley intended to convey to the Court that the resolution had been concocted by them, he asserted what was false. Mr. Taylor said that, so far from his having had anything to do with preparing the resolution, he dietnot b e li eve he saw it until it was printed in the minutes of busi ness of the Court. M .. ear, hear.) Si r JoHN AtuSGROvE, upon being appealed to, stated that Mr. Lswley was out of order in the observation he had wa de, and that he was not justified in making the charge he had done. Mr. L&WLEY then proceeded to say that all he intended to convey was, that the resolution had been originally pre pared for a particular purpJse, ano that it had a most da maging effect upon the rights and privileges of the corpo ration in reference to the making of the new street which had been taken out of their hands by the Government. As regarded the motion, he considered it was quite a waste of time to bring it forward, or to take the opinion of the Court upon it, as the whole affair was now settled, and there was nothing but some party object to be arrived at. He should therefore move as an amendment the previous question. M reas)n he did so wa s t h at he cons id ere d th e mo ti on o f M r . uncalledDeJre'rselyED%vseconded the amendment, and said that the for and unnecessary at the present time. Mr. H. L. TAvLon defended himself from the charge that had been made against him of having concocted the resolution originally, and he said that, so far from his having done so, ho disapproved of it, and had done all in his power to induce Mr. D 8 Jersey to withdraw it on the present oc • cision. (Hear, hoar.) Deputy ELLIOTT said he should support the motion, and h e thought it was only due to Mr. Lawley, as the chair man of the special Rirliamentary Committee, that he should have an opportunity of informing the court from what source he proposed to derive the £150,000 that were to be devoted to the formation of the new street. (Hear.) Mr. Alderman and Sheriff LAWRA.NCE said he hoped the Court would not allow itself to be dragged into the discus sion of a subject th a t was passe d a way and settled, and from w hich no good cou l d possibly arise . Deputy FRY and severa l ot h er hon.l ar able members urged Mr. De Jersey to withd raw hi s mo ti on , but he declined to do so, and a show o f h an d s ware t a k en , w :ten the court ap peared to be almost unanimously in favour ti the amend ment. Mr, DE JERSEY asked for a divi6io, but S.tb,qtlelltlY withdrew the request. The court, however, insisted upon a division, when there appeared— For the amendment 65 Agaist it Majority • THE GUILDHALL. Mr. JOHN KELDAY moved—`' That it be referred to a special ward committee to consider whether any, and if any what, improvement can be effected in the arrangements in and about the Guildhall and the several offices connected therewith. That such committee do ascertain the entire area of the premises, and obtain plans and estimates as to the cost of reconstructing or altering all or any of the ex isting buildings, so as better to adapt them to the general business purposes of the corporation, and also to obviate the necessity of incurring the very large expenses which are required on every public occasion, for special entertainment or otherwise, and to report generally thereon, and on any existing circumstances which may facilitate the professed object. And fur her, that the report cf the city land c nn mittee of the 31,4 July, 1862, so far as related to the works not at present contracted for, be referred to the said special committee, and that, in the meantime, such works be not proceeded with." The motion was seconded by Mr. R. N. PnlLLirs, Mr, 11. L. TAYLOR thought his friend's motion was rather too circumscribed, and moved an amendment similar to the original motion, but intended to give the committee wider powers. A discussion ensued, and Mr. KELDAY in his reply said he thought his motion was sufficient to answer the purpose desired. He had advisedly not ben too explicit in his motion ; but, at the same time, if it were looked at attentively, it would be found to meet all the requirements of the case ; nevertheless, if the court wished it, he was quite willing to adopt an alteration to meet Mr. Taylor's vi.-ws. The amendment was put to the Court and negatived, and the original motion with a slight verbal alteration, was eventually carried unanimously. The Court then proceeded to nominate a ward committee, consisting of the aldermen present, and one member for each ward; and then adjourned. SPIRIT OP THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—It would seem that if the Germans could get their country into a mess they would. The long perspective through which their Professor led minds regard all practical questions magnifies molehills into mountains and diminishes mountains into molehills. They have no eye for real difficul ties, and they are frightened at little ones. H, re are they still disputing and quarrelling about their union in such simple matters as customs and mutual trade, and at the same time hoping to establish all at once a great German State in the centre of Europe by the mere force of Imperial and Royal resolutions. Prussia and A us t r i a are st ill at var i ance; t h e Prussian Kingdom Is itself in as great confusion and weakness as a country can suffer without actually undergoing a revolution ; and yet we are told by the Frankfort correspondence of a German paper that Austria is on the paint of enforcing what is called " Federal execution" in Holstein. Prepara tions for the same purpose are said to be on foot in Hanover, and there is no doubt that many of the Germans rather hope to see this formidable lan guage put in force. We do not think that either Denmark or Europe need be in any fear of imme diate "execution.' The two great German Powers have far too much to do with their own affairs to trouble themselves more than they can help with the oifficultv the people of Schleswig seem to find in talking Danish, and Austria and Prussia know too well the dangers they would run in any such interference. But the learned simplici , y of many of the German people, and the conceit of some of the pompous little Principalities of which we have heard so much lately, appear to be euperior to any such considerations. We are told, for example, in The intellige nce we publish to-day, that Austria has made a positive declaration to all the great P owers—to France, Russia, and England, especially to the latter —that the D ino-German question must be settled, and that Federal execution has become indispensable, it Denmark should persist in her re 'istanne no matter what the consequ nces may be." This is certainly a heroic resolution, and worthy a nation of philosophers. The consequences, as the writer of this formidable piece of news appears to know very well, might be the interference of France, England, and Sweden in aid of Denmark, and it would certainly require an entire disregard of consequences in the Diet to oppose Fatherland to such an alliance as this. Few countries are so capable of defence as Denmark against a mere in vasion by land ; and the combined fleets of England, France, and Denmark would reduce the Germanic Confederation to a still more helpless isolation from the sea than even at present. Looking at the mat ter as a mere military question, the Diet would be absolutely heipltss to " execute" anything if the Danes were supported by an effective force of the two Western Powers. The only chance of their success would be a diversion in their favour by Russia, but the interest and declared policy of Russia are in the opposite direction. If England and France made up their minds, as the Germans seem to be afraid they may, to act with Denmark and S xeden, the Germanic Confederation would have to give up their attempt from sheer inability to do any thing. Tnere would be no need of any great ex pease or of bloodshed. An Anglo-French fleet at, he mouth of the Elbe, and an additional corps d armee or so thrown into Denmark, would suffice to reduce the Federal " corps of execution" to per fect harmlessness. This magnanimous disregard of consequences may be all very well, however, as re gards the Germans themselves. If they liked to run their heads against a stone wall at the southern extremity of Denmark, they would be perfectly welcome to do it, if it would only hurt themselves. But we object to their disregarding the conse quences to other people of executing this meddle some theory. They must know very well that military difficulties would be the least they would have to encounter. A very short time, and a much slighter pretext would be sufficient to raise all sorts of political dangers. They cannot suppose char their dreaded neighbour the other side of the Rhine would confine his interference to the boun daries of Denmerk ; and there is no saying where the consequences of this " execution" might land us. The Germans may think it more important to regulate the language of Schleswig than to avoid the expense and confusion of war, 'out Europe will he of a very different opinion. If Austria it has declared in a straightforward manner that it reels with tho Copenhagi'n Cabinet to prevent armed intervention, and that Denmark, not Ger many, must give in," we are sure that Austria will be informed in an equally straightforward manner that it rests with Europe to prevent armed interven tion, and that Germany will certainly have to give in. If the impracticable brains of German philoso phers are really contemplating any such absurdity as this, we hope the Diet will be warned of thecon sequences in such plain and unmistakeable lam guage as will prevent any further attempt or threat of the sort. We really do not want to be dragged into war for these pedantic rights and theoretic necessities. We are in danger enough of European contusions without the mode of education in Schles wig and Holstein being made a question of national importance. If the Germans have no regard for their own peace and prosperity, they must have some consideration for more practical countries. We have, besides, repeatedly expressed our opinion that the Confederation have not a shadow of justice to rapport their present pretensions. What may have been the territorial arrangements of 4640, what in terpretations some articles of treaties may possibly be made to bear, we do not care to inquire. It is quite sufficient that Schleswig is not a member of the Germanic Confederation, and that the Germans, therefore, have no reasonable right to interfere with the administration of it in any way but by friendly representations to Denmark. Holstein is a mem ber of the Confederation, and the Diet, therefore, has a right to see that its customs and laws are in force in that Duchy; and the King of Denmark is so far from refusing this right that he positively gave Holstein, by the patent of last March, what almost amounted to an independent Constitution. But the Confederation have no more reasonable claim to interfere with Schleswig than that the population is half German ; and if the territorial arrangements of Europe were to be unsettled to suit every sentiment of nationality there is scarcely one country which could avoid the interference of some other. The Germans have no more right to Schles wig because there are many Germans in it, than Ireland has to Scotland, or Scotland to Eng land, because in each case numbers of Irishmen and Scotchmen have in the course of time intruded themselves into those countries. We, at Iciest, with the example of Ireland and Scotland before us, can never admit that a separate nationality necesaarily means a separate State, and the sooner the Ger mans give up the dream of acquiring the seacoast of Schleswig on any such paltry pretext, the better for their own comfort and the peace of Europe. They had better, at least, settle their own Con stitutions before trying to mend their neighbours'; and until they have consolidated their own power a little they would be wise to be less careless of the consequences of a European interference. Pont.—The question, How to dispose of our felons ? has for some time been agitating the public mind. Transpora tion to Botany Bay and to Van Diemen's Land were the approved recipes of the olden time when George 111, and George IV. were kings. But the thing was so overdone that th© convicts outnumbered much the free population in those colonies, and a state of th;ngs was produced the description of which outraged the feelings of soberminded, benevolent men in this country; and on representations from the colo nies, which were, however, by no means unanimous, the Co lonial Department and Parliament abandoned the system of transportation to Australia altogether, and adopted the scheme of home inniteutiaries, hulks, athi other establish. meats, in which work was to be found for felons at home, with the promise of reformation and such instruction as should enable the felon, when released, to obtain an honest. livelihood. The ticket-of-leave system has been the result of that change. Now, however, every one is agreed that the scheme of reformation and ticket-of-leave release from gaol, with free license to prey upon the community, is an entire failure. We have had a special commission appointed to investigate this sullect, and they have recommended a recurrence to the scheme of transportation to such colonies as are willing to receive convicts, and, of course, under such restrictions as will prevent the evils which attended the unlimited importations of the old regisns. Amongst the colonies which have professed their willingness to receive convicts in a limited degree is the colony of Western Aus tralia, to which shipments Piave already been made, not in large quantities, but suffi.iently to enable the colonists to judge whether the importation of men of this description will be a desirable thing for them, or the contrary. Their feeling has been decidedly expressed in favour of a large importation. They want labour, they want public build ings, they want roads and bridges, and they see in such an importation the readiest, if not the only, means of obtaining all these benefits ; they know Owe that any expense attend ing their reception will be paid by the Imperial Treasury, 'o the great benefit or their own produce market. These considerations have induced the Government to revert to the scheme of transportation, and to make further shipments of convicts to Western Australia, and a vessel is said to be on the point of sailing freighted with a consi derable number. Against this measure, however, there is a howl raised by the party in the old Colonies of Australia, who, by their representations, procured the abandonment of the scheme of transportation to them, 'The question to be considered is, whether this opposition is warranted and just, and ought to be acceded to or not. It is said that Melbourne and Sydney are on the same continent with Western Australia. and that the influx of a felon population into the Swan River Settlements will lead to the certainty ot large numbers finding their way, either by escape or after the expiration of their sentences, into the older colonies, which have already suffered so much from the predominance of this felon class in their population. Let us first inquire whether this reason is sound. It is not pretended that it will be possible for any convicts to make their way overland from the Swan River to Melbourne or Sydney ; there are no roads nor rivers by which communication has been or is likely to be opened by land for the next hundred years. But they say that in whalers and coasting Graft the felons will mate their way to those older Australian colonies, which, though situated at a distance of several thousand miles, have yet considerable traffic in this way with the west. If this argument, however, be allowed weight, what island or settlement of any kind could be named wtth which communication by sea wir.h Australia is not frequent. There is large intercourse between Singapore and India and our Australian settlements; so between them and every port and island of the Pacific, even to the Falkland Islands beyond Cape Horn. Is India to be prohibited from sending convicts to the Andamans, and to settlements in the Straits of Malacca, for fear lest they should find a means of escape in whalers and other craft to the old settlements of Australia ? The argument is nonsensical, and partakes to our minds somewhat of the Monroe doctrine of America, as if, forsooth, Melbourne and Sydney had a right of domination by inevitable destiny over the whole continent of Australia, and were eneitled to prohibit England, even with the. concurrence of the colonies of the west, from adopting a different system there from that which they approved for themselves. To our minds, it is conclusive that the reception or non-recep tion of convicts in West Australia is a thing to be settled between the Imperial Government and the people of West ern Australia; and that the people of Melbourne and Sydney have no more to do with that matter than Abe Lincoln and his Cabinet have to do with Mexico. But Sydney and Melbourne have gut free dewocratical consti tutions, and talk loudly, as other free people are in the habit of tieing. They say they will not permit the Govern ment of England to make a separate arrangement with its colonies of Western Australia, and they threaten Heaven knows-what consequences if such a thing is thought of. Whether the soberminded men of discernment in those older colonies will think the case one to justify a eeverment from Great Britain, and a declaration of independence, having such a population as they have, and no army of their own to keep the peace and give them protection, is a question for their serious consideration. We do not suppose that they mean yet to threaten that issue. But in a recent letter in the Times there is talk of a project of retaliation by transporting their own convicts back to England. We know not zo whom this threat is especially addressed, or whom they expect to infi.ence by it. The colonies could no more transport a convict by judicial sentence to England, or to any other colony of England, without previous ar rangement and consent, than they could transport felons to France or Spain; and as for sending back men whose sentences are expired, and who are therefore free men, we know of no law which would warrant a compulsory expor tation of them if unwilling, or which would prevent them fr .m coming to us as tree men if desirous of so doing, and believe they are very much in the habit of doing so. No man, however, who is still under a judicial sentence by any British court could venture to show himself in any place where British Law is administered ; and the law of England must be much altered in the old colo nies of Australia before any one of these could be made liable to a sentence there of the kind threatened. We are therefore not disposed to hold these retaliatory threats of much account, or to think that they are likely to have any influence in producing a change of the policy which her Majesty's Government is stated to have deliberately determined upon. HERALD.—WhiIe Admiral Kuper is waiting for instruc tions from home end expecting reinforcements from China to arrive in the roads of Kanagawa, the attitude of the Japanese Government become daily more threatening to wards foreigners. We should, perhaps, say the attitude of one of the Japanese Governments. The whole mind of Japan has been thrown into a ferment, and the political system of this people of 30 millions has been shaken to its foundations by the intrusion of foreigners and the in troduction of lcuropean ideas. The latest lesson from abroad by which they have profited is the art of revolu tion. There is civil war in the island, and a declared antagonism between the Governments of the spiritual and temporal Emperors, the Mikado and Tycoon. F. r ages the Japanese have gone on quietly with their strange methoa of an i2nperiurn in imperio. The supremacy of the hereditary ruler has not been disputed by the powerful commander_in•chief, who has been accustomed to admi nister most of the affairs of the country. The truth has now dawned upon the benighted minds of Mikado and Tycoon. It has become apparent to them that they re present opposite principles, and that they have no choice but to fight it out, each backed by his supporters, in the approved fashion of that outer world to which the Japanese and their rulers have so long been strangers. The quarrel is a very pretty one, and unless one side or the other js disposed to give in, we do not see how it is to be settled in any other way. The Ja penese, we suppose, must set to work to cut each other's throats till every one of their fertile valleys and breezy plains has a right to an honourable comparison with the corpse. strewn battle-fields of that pre-eminently civilised country, where, because there are also two parties among them which cannot agree precisely as to certain details of this civilising work, the nation has set its heart on two years of fratricide. It is lamentable to think that to the dreary details of American and Chinese butcheries we shall now have to record with each mail the progress that another race is making in self extermination. The Japanese islands are fertile and productive to a wondrous extent; their pro ducts are varied ; their wealth is prodigious ; they cover an area of a quarter of a million square miles. Unfortunately for the Europeans, whose cupidity is excited by contact with them, there are thirty millions of troublesome natives on them. But we may spare ourselves all anxiety. We need not go to war with them, and shoot them down with Armstrong guns and Enfield rifles. We need not settle among them and wear them out of the world, as we have fretted away the native races of America, New Zealand, and Australia. These poor Japanese seem conscious that they are in the way, and seem bent upon saving us all trouble in their behalf. By this time one-half of the nation is arrayed in arms against the other half. The wars of such people are endless. Before they have half finished, we may expect a considerable reduction in the population of Japan. The Tycoon, or military Emperor, represents the "party of progress" in Japan. Compared to his antagonist, he is a mere plebeian without descent or claim to high rank. The middle class and the merchants are with him, with all those who wish to profit by commercial intercourse with Europe. He can only make Saimios of those followers whom he delights to honour. These are a kind of knights, an in ferior order of nobility. The Daimios, or great nobles, are created by and owe feudal allegiance to the Mikado, who has his court at Miako, while that of the Tycoon is at Yeddo. The spiritual Emperor and his followers represent the old respectability, the aristocracy of Japan. The Daimios are great landowners, each more or less independent in his princely domain. The landed interest in Japan and elsewhere is on the side of the Crown and of conservative institutions. The aristocratic party have their prejudices. They are all for the old policy of exclusiveness. They hold in abhor rence the treaty concluded with Lord Elgin. They retired in a body from Yeddo some time since, as a protest against the radical innovations ot the Tycoon, against the party of the friends of foreigners, and against the European Minis• ters, whose entrance into the capital was regarded as an in famous intrusion. Nor have the nobles confined them selves to this moral demonstration. It has been by their armed retainers that the various outrages upon Europeans have been committed. It was they who attacked the Bri tish embassy and nearly murdered Mr. Oliphant, It was the Prince of Satsuma by whose orders Mt. Richardson was butchered. It was in the territories of the Prince of Kewsew that English and American ships were fired upon some weeks since, an outrage promptly avenged by the destruc don of the fort. In the strait of Simonasaka, a narrow sea which separates Nipon, the great island, from the western most i- land of Kewsew, a Dutch man-of-war has been since fired upon, by the orders of the same prince, who thinks himself strong enough to set all Europe at defiance. Na gasaki, the most important open port in Japan, is on this island of Kewsew. What are the English Government to do in this complicated dilemma ? The Tycoon does not seem to be at fault, and we cannot get at the Mikado. The Tycoon, bee paid. the indemnity money for poor Riobard- P.- son's murder.." There came along with it a peremptory order from the Mikado that all foreigners should at once leave, which order, of course, has not bee n complied with. The Dutch have had a special notice given to them. This is rather hard upon than, after they have been admitted to exclusive trade for some 200 years—a privilege which their traders in old times procured by submitting to unheard•of humiliations, such as being made to knock their heads against the ground and trampling on the cross, and being shut up in a pestilential island, and only approached at arm's length with a pair cf tongs. The Dutch Govern ment has responded to this notice to quit by sending four vessels of war to arrange matters. And now the Japanese, or the Mikado, or the Tycoon, or all of them, may consider themselves at war with all Europe, and America to boot. If the Tycoon is really our friend, and the Mikado our enemy, and if we can depend on late news as to their whereabouts, we may at once have an opportunity of oblig ing the one at the expense of the other. The large port of Osaka, on the southern coast of Nipon , is to be soon opened to our trade by the orders of the Tycoon. This gentleman is said to to in great straits just now at this very place. He is hemmed in there by the troops of the Mikado, whose Imperial city of Miako is only 20 miles from Osaka. Troops were being sent, it is said, in an English vessel to Osaka to the assistance of the Tycoon. If so, we are already in the thick of the Japanese civil war. COUNTRY MARKETS. MANCHESTER-THURSDAY. At our market this morning there was a good attendance of buyers, but trade was inactive. The demand for new English wheat was again slow—red at a reduction of 2s to 3s per qr, and white is to 2s. American wheat was offered at a decline of 3d to 4d per 100 lb on the prices of this day se'nnight. Flour inactive, at 6d to is per sack and barrel lower. Oats receded ld and 2d per 4blb, and new oatmeal Is per load. Indian corn and Egyptian beans wera each rather easier. BIRMINGHAM—THURSDAY. English"'wheat was sold at 46s to 50s for white, and 40s to 46s per 36 atone for red, Barley, new malting, 36s to 42s per qr ; grinding, 26s to 30s Oats, old, 24s to 30s per 30 stone ; Irish, 21s to 255. Beans, 40s to 44s per qr. Peas, 36s to 44s per 36 stone. CORK-SEPT. 17. The following were the quotations this morning :—Red wheat, 7s 8d to 8s 4d; white, 7s 6d to 9s 8d ; barley, 5s Od to 7s 3d ; oats, 5s 9d to 6s 4d ; black do., 4s Gd to 55 Bd. EDINBURGH GRAIN-SEPT. 16. A fair supply of farmers' wheat to-day, which met s dull sale at about the prices of last week. Barley met a ready sale, and prices 18 up. Oats dull, and 15 to 2s down. Beans were scarce. Wheat on the top Os 3d up average Is 8d down. Barley on the top 2s 6d up. ..... average Os 2d down. Oats on the top 4s Od down ....average Os Ild down. Beans on the top is 6d up ...average 2s 8d up. Total Supply and Sales. Wheat .. 745 qrs Sold 521 qrs 8ar1ey........ 806 qrs Sold 765 qrs Oats Beans l4 qrs.. Sold 13 qrs Flour sells as follows :—Whites, 40s Od; extras, 35s Od; superfine, 36s Od ; fine, 34s Cd. DERBY SMITHFIELD-SErT. 15. There was a better supply of fat beasts to-day, and the quality of many of the animals was superior to those offered last week. The number of sheep and lambs were in large show, and they sold better. Fat calves were scarce. Th e show of fat pigs was large, but sales were not so brisk as last week. Beet 6d to 7d Veal 7d to 70 Mutton .... 7d to 'lid Pork Lamb Bd to —d Rough fat, 3s 9d per stow '• Hides, 3d to 41d; calf skins, 5d to Gd. Foreign Mail Packet List. .MAILs _DUE. lustralia and Mauritius, via Southampton Sept. 18. via Marseilles Oct 13. Jrazil and Cape Verde, by British packet. ...... Oct. 5. Jape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena, Sept. 2S• , ;hina, Penang, and Singapore, via Southanipton.Sept. 18. via Marseilles Sept. 27. Falkland Islands 9ibraltar, via Southampton adia (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Sept. 18. via Marseilles Sept. 27. India (Bombay), via Southampton .. S e pt. 25 via Marseilles Sept. O. Portugal.... Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Sept. 18. via Marseilles Sept. 20. Newfoundland ..Oct. 1. Oporto and Vigo U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.... Sept. 24 , by U.S. packet.... by Canadian packet. Sept. 18. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Tenerith Oct. 10. Bahamas, via New York .... Sept. 24. Mexico .. All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, j Sept. 28.' California, and British Columbia.. , BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF SUNSHlNE.—Seclusion from sunshine is one of the misfortunes of our civi lised life. The same cause which makes the potato-vines white and sickly, when grown in the dark cellars, operates to produce the pale, sickly girls that are reared in our par lours Expose either to the direct rays of the sun, and they begin to show colour, health, and strength. One of the ablest lawyers in our country—a victim of long and bard brain labour, came to me a year ago, suffering from partial paralysis. The right leg and hip were reduced in size, with constant pain in the loins. He was obliged, in coming up stairs to raise the left foot first, on every stair, dragging' the right one after it. Pale, feeble, miserable, he told me hs had been failing several years, and closed with, " My work is done. At 60, I find myself worn out " I direct-cl him to lie down under a large window, and allow the sun to fall upon every part of his body ; at first, ten minutes D day, increasing the time until he could expose himself to the di rect ra3s of the sun a full hour. His habits were not essen tially altered in any other particular. In six months he came running upstairs like a vigorous man of 40, and de clared, with sparkling eyes, " I have 20 years more of work in me." I have assisted many dyspeptic, neuralgia, rheu matic, and hypochondriacal people into health by the sun cure, I have so many facts illustrating the wonderful power of the sun's direct rays in curing certain classes of invalids, that I have seriously thought of publishing a work to be denominated the "Sun-Cure."—Dr. Tran en. [ADVERTISEMEN r]. —Holloway's Ointment and The Human Consthution.—The system of thoutiands be. comes impaired, and their subsequent happiness destroyed by the neglect of trifling causes. Every person has the power of efficiently repelling these by the use of HollowaY j° well-known remedies. The mother or the nurse can alwall eradicate disease on its first appearance in their charges by means of these preparations. The ointment is particalarli well suited by its soothing, cooling, and healing qualities, and by its easy application to the little ailments of c hild. hood. It penetrates from the surface internally, and thus places in the hands of an attentive nurse an efficient means for extinguishing disorders of the throat, chest, or belly' without alarming or annoying the child with interns, medicine. [ADVERTISEMENTI—Consumption, all nervous, biliouS liver, and stomach complaints, in every stage, are only ag gravate and accelerated by drugs of every description, but i.eriecay curable by Du Barry's health restoring Revslentil, Arabica Food, as proved by thousands of cases which 1 101 been considered hopeless. We quote a few. —Cure No. 62,91 4 . Miss Lange, 18 years of age, cured after the medical men had abandoned all hope, of her recovery from the last stage of pulmonary consumption, with f-arful cough, expectoration , exhaustion, spitting of blood, perspirations, hollow cheeks. emaciated to a sk,leton. She is now, thank God, a perfectly healthy, blooming, fleshy girl,—N. Lange, Commissaire de Police. Cure, No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Fernley ' Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, livet' derangement, and partial deafness.—Cure, No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous ancies.—Cure, No. 54,816. the Rev. James 1. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk. of indigestion and torpidity of the liver, which had resisted all medical treatment. In tins, 11b, 2s 9d ; 2113, 4s 6d ; 6 113, is ; 121 b, 22s ; 241 b, 40a. Barry du Barry and Cu., No. 77. Regent-street, London ; also Fortnum and Mason; and all grocers and chemists in every town of the United Kingdom. Births. THomrsox.—On the 16th inst., at Whalley Range, Man chester, the wife of Lieut.-Col. Scott Thompson, 14th Hussars, of a son. TATHA3I.—On the 17th inst. , at 1, Sussex-gardens, Hyde park, the wife of Meaburn smith Tatham, of a daughter. WEST.—On the 16th inst., at Bishopsteignton, Devon, the wife of Alexander G. West, Esq., R.N., of a son, Marriages. COPE—EwABT.—On the 16th inst., at St. P au l' s , Knights. b r id ge , Edmund William, eldest son of the Rev. Sir W. Henry Cope. Bart., of Bramsbill-p ar k, H an t s , t o Edith Coc kburn, only child of the late Jas. Kerr Ewart, ESCII B.C.S. DIAMOND - BROMHEAD —On the 15th inst., at Thurlbp Lincolnshire, Warren Hastings Diamond, M.D., eldest son of Dr. Diamond, F.S.A., of Twickenham House, to Victoria Gonville, the daughter of Sir Edmund Gonville Bromhead, Bart,, of Thurlby Hall. Deaths. CEAMPTON.—On thA 16th inst., at Lower Clapton, Janl o Crampton, Esq., late of Shanghai, China, aged 48. GRAY.—On the 13th inst., at Kincardine Manse, Perth' shire, the Rev Dr. Gray, aged 90. GWILL—On the 14th inst., at South hill, Joseph Gwilt Esq,, aged 10. HARE.ISON.—On the 12th inst., at his residence, Lovely' lane, Warrington, Richard Harrison, Esq , aged member of the Society of Friends. NEWLAND.—On the 'sth inst., at Torquay, R. B. New' laud, EFq., late Major 20th Dragoons, aged 84. PRICE.—On the 16th inst., at Oak-hilt, Surbiton, Surrey, George Peters Price, of the Stock Exchange, Londoriv aged 60. TONKIN.—On the 11th ink., at Teignmouth House, Teignmouth, Lieut.-Colonel Sir Warwick Hele Tonkin, aged 86. London : Pr:r,zed and nibilalied by 'WILLIAM ANDItICO of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SUN Office No. 1 12 , Strand, in the Precinct of the lavoy, in the Count)/ of September 18, 180_,