The Sun. — London, England, 1863-01-21 00:00:00

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY. —Morning, 3h. Bm.—Afternoon, 3h. 32m, To-moßrovi.-Morning, 3h. 56m.—Afternoon, 4h. 15m, mountains of that island do, indeed, offer a most promising field for English enter prise. " There is mountain land enough in Jamaica now lying waste," says Mr. BOURNE, to give cotton to the extent of a million bales annually." Such an auxilliary is not to be despised, and the sooner the experiment is made the better, in order to confirm or dispel the hopes raised upon it. We shall need all our resources to set our mills at work again and restore the social wellbeing of our factory hands, and what resources are so trustworthy and available as those to be found in our own colonies. It may yet be the fate of the American struggle to restore our West Indian pos sessions to their former prosperity, and to render the hated " Britishera" in some measure indepenLient of an important branch of American commerce. A mer i can vanity has at len g th received the un kindest out of all —a cut from France—more indeed than a home thrust, such a one, we should think, a cut, as will l e ave its scar, at least for the life of the EMPEROR. The great Republic of the United States —so termed now by courtesy and the conven tionalism of diplomacy—is plainly told that, with the best wishes for its prosperity, it is not wished that it should be Dictator of the whole North of America, and eventually of the Antilles themselves. The Republic is told moreover that monarchy in Mexico, although not to be established by force, would be for the interest of France ; and, as if limitation of territory and monarchy were not a dose unpleasant enough to be prescribed in one paper, it is added that another "race" ought to be restored to its prestige on the other side the Atlan tic ! In fact the notable old doctrine of "North America for the Yankees" is calmly whiffed away by the old ally of the United States. By that power, but for whose aid the United States would never have existed, would never at least have dissevered them selves from the old country by their ragged run away militia—that power now coolly tells them that, very useful in their way, they would not be useful as universal masters. We refer, cf course, to the French EMPEROR'S letter to Gen. FOR', which many of our readers would notice yesterday in The Sun. It is dated July 3, though it has but just been communicated to Europe and America. Evidently written to be published, its language is smooth, plausible, conciliatory throughout ; but, for the same reason, it is not pub lished till its writer is pretty sure of being able to give effect to the projects he so quietly shadows forth. What those objects are Louis NAPOLEON probably has no wish that any of us should doubt ; as little that France should doubt them. In the speech to the Legislative Chamber and the Senate, the EMPEROR could hardly be said to intimate more than that the honour of France had been insulted in Mexico, and must therefore be retrieved. But France, and Europe too might ask why should France place herself in the position in which her flag could be dishonoured ? The letter to General FOREY, containing full in structions for his conduct, furnishes the answer. France was to give a Government to Mexico—a Government which could discharge the pecuniary claims of French subjects, that, however, would be but a" shopkeeper's" motive for action—the Grand Monarch of a grand nation had much higher objects in view, objects much more for the honour and the glory of France—he was aiming to create a nation across the Atlantic which should, like Italy we presume, owe a lasting debt of gratitude to France, which should look to her for support, and thus give France a weighty moral influence, if not one more than moral, in the New World. How were these ends to be attained ? First, a suitable proolamation, in accordance with a draft furnished him, was to be addressed by the General to the inhabitants. Next he was to win all the willing to be won, by affability, to avoid quarrel ling with any party, to gain the ministers of religion, and, if possible, at the same time not to alienate those who had purchased church property, to put arms in the hands of those who were willing to fight for the French and Mexico, carefully to avoid wounding national pride, and to tolerate no military indiscipline in regard to the inhabitants : in the EMPEROR'S own language " To receive with the greatest kindness all the Mexicans who shall present themselves. Not to espouse the quarrel of any party ; to declare that everything is provisional, so long as the Mexican nation shall not have expressed its opinion ; to show great deference to religion, but at the same time, to tranquillise the holders of national property. To feed, pay, and arm, according to your means, the Mexican auxiliary troops, and make them play principal parts in the combats. To maintain among your troops as well as among the auxiliaries the most severe discipline ; to vigorously repress any act or word insulting to the Mexicans, for the pride of the character must not be forgotten, and it is important for the success of the enterprise to conciliate the good feelings of the people." When he had reached Mexico, for that was the terminus of General FOREY'S journey, the semi civil, semi-military process was to begin. " The principal persons of all political shades who shall have embraced our cause should come to an under standing with you. to organise a Provisional Go vernment. The Government will submit to the Mexican people the question of the political regime which is to be definitively established. An assembly will be afterwards elected according to the Mexican laws. You will aid the new Government to intro duce into the administration, and particularly into the finances, that regularity of which France offers the best model. For that purpose men will be sent to second its new organisation." In all this, it is explicitly mentioned that the object to be attained is, not to "impose on the Mexicans a form of government"—t hey are merely to be " assisted" to establish a government accord ing to their own wishes. This is to be done, no doubt, in the approved modern fashion, Nice and Savoy serving the general for ready illustra tions. How can the Mexicans but choose and act freely under the eye of the armies of the great patroness of nations, which longs to re-establish " order," and to get rid of the liberty to be factious, and of a good deal of other liberty at the same ti me also. What regime is most conducive to order, and to harmonious co-operation with otherence pw theowers, can at,if aret o t he ld not be ~ bed i o t fubotlelodwa as a matter by a European of ; Mexicana prefer a monarchy, it is for the interest course, h of France to support them in that path." We need no t a dd w h a t it is expected their pre ference will be, when French armies, and another Power—one which all statesmen have found very influential in reconciling needy but turbulent patriots with one another, and their proper leader guwieithimthpearNtlieaxl,icagnenleeraoduesr,s. wise In — a ar w e e c r o d - , op u e n ra d t e i r n guidance of France, Mexico is to come f orth a king dom or an empire, which is not to go begging, like poor Greece, but to choose by an imperal conge d'elire, a prince all ready for them. But the EMPEROR condescends to anticipate an objection—one which thoughtless politicians and sour-faced taxpayers might offer in France, and which might occur to many in America, and in the other countries of Europe, too. " Fhere will not be wanting people who will ask you why we expend alb 47 1- 0 } " _ LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 21, 1863 A readiness of resource is one of the prominent features of the Anglo-Saxon character. When trouble or misfortune comes, be it deserved or un deserved, limited or extended in its effects, sugges tions, schemes, and projects to mitigate the evil are seldom long wanting. So in the case of the great distress that we are now suffering from in the North, the danger and imminence of the case were no sooner felt than provided for by an organised system of national charity. But it was not enough to relieve the effects so long as the cause remained untouched, and accordingly the question of the growth and cultivation of cotton is daily engaging more of public attention. At a meeting f the Statistical Society last evening there ve,:s a very full attendance to hear Professor LEONE LEVI read a discourse on the cotton trade aid manufacture, The learned profeisor naturally confined himself to the history of cotton in this country, which he traced from the days when it was mainly imported, and the chief use found for the material which now affects the commerce of a world was the making of candlewicks. It is curious to compare the development of our cotton and woollen manu factures. Professor LETI tells us that the founda tion of the British woollen trade was laid as far back as 1328 by the Flemings, who settled in Manchester; yet that as late as the accession of GEORGE 111, no fabric consisting entirely of cotton was made. We have all heard of those wonderful inventions and striking improvements by which HARGREAVES, ARKWRIGHT, and CROMPTON revolu tionised our commerce and elevated the despised or neglected fabric into the first of our manufactures. The statistics given by Professor LEVI bring plainly before us the extent of those facts, with whose out line we are already familiar. At the breaking out of the American 'War there were, he observes, 6,300 factories in the United Kingdom, of which nearly the half were for cotton. "Of 36,500,000 spindles, 30,000,000 were for cotton: Of 490,000 power looms, 399,000 were for cotton. Of 779,000 persons employed in fa c t or i es , 450,000 Were employed in cotton factories ; and of £130,000,000, which constituted the total value of goods manufactured in in the United Kingdom, nearly £50,000,000 was the value of the cottonlmanufacture." The complete dependence which we have hitherto placed on one country for our supply of the raw material, has, as the lecturer remarked, long afforded grounds for anxiety. He agrees with Mr. LAING in his opi nion that, in any case, it will be some time before America can again supply us to the His views of our prospects were, however, far from gloomy. He alluded to the advance in Indian production which might be hoped for from the introduction of railways and the adap tation of our machinery to the working of Indian eltt,,n, and referred to the favourable specimens which our colonies have furnished, and the oppor tunities possessed by some foreign countries, which they were now seeking to turn to advantage. Italy, which 50 years ago supplied nearly all the cotton consumed in the chief markets of Europe, has set to work. Egypt and Turkey both promise well while in South and Central America there is wide scope for action. With regard to our own colonies sanguine expectations are being formed of the success of the cotton cultivation in Jamaica, whose fertile mo untains offer, it is said, unusual f ac iliti es fo r the growth of tree-cotton. It is stated in an interest ing letter on this subject, which we publish in another part of our impression, that Mr. KENDAL, an American farmer, who has been experimenting on its cultivation, describes a tree of this kind growing in the valley of Chipura as a perfect speci " Its foliage had long been shed, but men. the pods remained, having fully burst and turned their spotless buds in almost perfect roses, which covered the entire structure with a dense mass of spotless glossy cotton. I had never seen anything even approachi n g in perftction to that solitary tree." In conjecturing the weight of the yield of the tree in question, Mr. KENDAL goes on to say that ho would not be willing to fall below 100 lb. as the amount of clean lint afforded by the cone, having a diameter of 12 feet at the base, and measuring a trifle over 18 feet from base to apex. If, as the writer of this letter states, excellent cot• ton from perennial shrubs has been picked 2,500 feet above the level of the sea in Jamaica, the same extent. men •and money to found a regular Uovernmunt in LATEST INTELLIGENCE. Mexico." The answer is ready. "In the present state of the civilisation of the world,—the prospe rity of America is not a matter of indifference to Europe, for it is that country which feeds our ma nufactories and giN es an impulse to our commerce." Even the prosperity of the United States is an ob ject of interest to Europe, as the present state of its cotton manufactures show. But there is more in it than this—it is just here that the value of an independent power of the Latin Race should regain " all its strength and prestige," should gua rantee the Gulf of Mexico, and the French and Spanish West India colonies, against the dreams of Yankee Empire, and establish for France " a friendly influence in the centre of America." Such are the magnificent and generous plans of the EMPEROR. Had they been those of England, we know the shower of abuse which would have followed from the great Republic; how France will be treated remains to be seen. Bitterly indeed must the pre sence of the Spaniards in Hayti, and the French in Mexico be felt by the Northerns. Even the South will not like the pre-occupation of a country it had destined to slavery ; but like it or dislike it, we are not to expect that the EMPEROR has published this letter to be laughed at. SPAIN. MADRID, JAN. 20, Evening. Admiral Bustillos has consented to accept the Ministry of Marine, but will not yet enter upon his functions, remaining on leave of absence on account of ill health. All the Liberal members of the Opposition, but only a section of the Conservatives, have resolved to support the Ministry. PRUSSIA. BERLIN, JAN. 20. The Norddeutsche Zeitung of to-day says : " e learn from the best sources that all pros pect of an understanding between Prussia and Austria on the Customs' question has been most positively renounced by the President of the Prus sian Ministry, The President has even declared he would give notice of tha intention of Prussia to quit the Zollverein, in order to remove the vague engagement relative to Austria into which the Zollverein entered by the treaties of 19th Feb. and 4th April, 1853." Last Monday there was a very interesting experi ment made with the apparatus designed by Professor HUGHES. The United Kingdom Electric Telegraph Company is desirous of adopting this design that has been successfully tried in America and in some parts of Europe. The account given of the meeting which assembled to watch the proceedings is very entertaining. The Mayor of Birmingham initiated the inquiries by the following words :—" His Wor ship the Mayor of BißmirtetHAmlanticipates the plea sure of a conversation, by the HUGHES' Printing Telegraph, with the Lord Mayor of LONDON." To this was returned the following suitable reply : " The Lord Mayor of LONDON presents his compli ments, by the Printing Telegraph, to the Mayor of BIRMINGHAM, and joins in his congratulations upon electricity being seized upon and put in print. The universalisation of the electric telegraph will be promoted the more familiar it becomes, and the more it approaches in the methods of its communi cation to simple existing types, the Printing Tele graph certainly appears a complete step in this direction." After these formal civilities had been interchanged, some smart questions and sharp re joinders were next employed to test the merits of this novel scheme. On some well-known tidings being sent as news, one person indignantly ex claimed, "It is reported here that Queen ANNE is dead;" to which the Birmingham informant answered, "And here that the Federals are in New York." Several other trials were made, and the result proved highly satisfactory to those engaged. The arrangements of Professor HUGHES'S ap paratus appear very simple. There is a row of black and white keys, similar to an organ or a pianoforte, only of considerably smaller cJrapass, which are the means employed to execute the design. The printing is done by a wheel, on the edge of which is engraved the alphabet and nume rals. The electric current is employed to release a small rod, which brings the strip of paper momen tarily into contact with the wheel, and thus receives the impress of the letter next to it. The manipulator effects this process by touching the key on the board which answers to the name of the letter. The principle upon which the appa ratus is based is that of a synchronous movement of clockwork trains driven by weights, the regula tion being effected by vibrating rods. The follow ing account is most interesting to study :—" The electrical waves are transmitted by a revolving arm, carrying the seg►ment of a circle as a contact maker, and the arm revolves at the same speed in each apparatus as the type-wheel; when a key is pressed a metal plate in connection with the battery is forced upwards and meets The Norddeutsche Zeitung adds:— "It is not impossible that this decided refusal of Prussia to come to an understanding with Austria was the principal reason why the projected meet ing of the Prussian aad Austrian Ministers did not take place." RUSSIA. ST. PETERSBURG, JAN. 20. The Commission appointed by the Government to propose reforms in the system of taxation, has recommended a reduction of the duties on the im portation of refined sugar during four years, the reduction to be effected at the rate of half a roubTe yearly until the duties upon the importation of refined sugar by land and sea stand at the uniform rate of three roubles per pood. E GYP T. CAIRO, JAN. 19. The obsequies of his Royal Highness Said Pacba, the late Viceroy of Egypt, were celebrated yester day. A great concourse was present at the ceremony. Ismail Pacha has taken possession of the Citadel, and received the authorities. Public opinion is very favourable to the new Viceroy. All the foreign Consuls, and the Turkish authorities, have arrived here from Alexandria. They were im naLdiately received by Ismail Pacha. THE MAILS. Up to the hour of going to press the usual con• tinental mails had not reached us. FR ANCE• PARIS, JAN. 21. The Monzteur of this morning says in its bulletin " Independently of the subscriptions opened for the workmen of the Seine Inferieure, the Emperor has sent to the Prefects the sum of 100,000 f., to be distributed among the different manufacturing towns." The .11 oniteur also says : " The news that the French had entered Puebla does not bear a character of incontestible authenti city ; but as coming from a source little favourable to the French, it is scarcely probable that it should be unfounded." MALTA. VALETTA, JAN. 15. Her Majesty's screw troopship Megisra, Com mander S. H. Henderson, arrived here on the 11th inst., at 10 p.m., from Woolwich (18 days), and Gib raltar (four). The AlegEora left Gibraltar on the morning of the 7th inst., having been detained there by heavy weather. She passed the Peninsular and Oriental Company's steamer Delta on the after noon of the 9th. After discharging naval stores for this place, she proceeds on to Corfu this morning, taking with her two officers, one lady, one child, 27 non-commissioned officers and men, three women, and 14 children of different regiments. The Megoara is to visit the several islands, to relieve the detachments of troops stationed there. the contact-maker as it revolves, scrapes along its sisrface, the current passing the while, and is then thrown back by the contact-maker, and brought to its normal position of rest by a constant spring. The letters are printed while the type-wheel is in revolution, and the type-wheel is driven by friction, which allows of its being moved backwards or for wards by mechanical means. Each apparatus re gisters the signals sent by it, and all letters are produced at the distant end by a single wave of electricity." Her Majesty's ship Mars, Captain J. N. Strange, 17 days from Malta, arrived at Gibraltar on the 2d inst., and after replenishing coal left for England on the 3d inst. Her Majesty's ship London, Cap tain Chads, arrived there on the morning of the 4th, also 17 days from Malta, and left for Eng land on the following Wednesday. Her Majesty's screw ram Defence, 18, Captain Phillimore, six days from Madeira, arrived at the same time as the London, having come in from the Channel squadron for bread and provisions, to convey to Lisbon, where her Majesty's ships Revenge (bear ing the flag of Rear-Admiral Smart), Bl,ck Prince, and Resistance were expected to arrive on or about the 4th inst. ; the Firebrand, 6, Commander Piers, and the Piocris, gunboat, remaining at Gibraltar. The noted steamer Sumter was at anchor, appa rently ready for sea, with sails bent, and closely watched by two American men-of-war, although she is said to have been purchased by an English company. It is understood that the British Government have refused to grant her protection on the high seas. g paddlewheel steamer mander G. Wilkinson ( M te eh m dei p nr o n ;: i ry al ) e , iset r uY it se u n r as n un e rt d 7° on iran Tuesday evening from Salonica, where she has bee' engaged during the summer months, surveying the Gulf and its neighbourhood, and has got through a good deal of difficult and intricate work. It will, however, take some time to complete the s urve y. Sh e l e ft Atherada, near Salonica, on the 27 t h u lt . ,f or M a lta, calling at Reins, the ancient p or t o f P ergamos, t o ship a colossal torso, discovered there by Captain Spratt, some two or three years ago, which is to be sent home for the British Museum. She spoke the Foxhound, 4, Commander the Hon. A. C. Hobart, on the lOtii instant, off the Island of Bellopoulo, who reported " her Majesty's ship Queen at Nauplia, on the 9th inst., all well,'' and, on the same day, sighted a Russian line of-battle ship steering towards Athens. A report that some Greek pirates had been captured by the French gun boat Mouttte is unfounded. It is believed that the piratical boat has been hauled up in the Gulf of Bagh. cheh, in the vicinity of Smyrna, and that the crew had dispersed, finding it impossible to carry on their nefarious practi2es, owing to the vigilance of the English, French, Austrian, and Turkish cruisers, which had been sent iu pursu.t of them—not before, however, they had plundered three or four Turkish vessels, the master of one of which is said to have been murdered. The Pi:aebe, 33, Capt. T. Fortescue, left Malta harbour on the morning of the 13th inst., for ra cube. It is reported her orders are to anchor there for a short time, and then to cruse in the Malta Channel, reporting herself daily by signal to the Commander-in-Chief. She is expected to return into port on the 23d inst. THE SERVICES AT WESTMINSTER ABDET.—In consequence of the thorough cleansing which the various portions of this ancient edifice are at present un dergoing, the week .day services will, to the end of the pre sent month, 113 held in Hen'y the Seventh's Chapel, and on Sunday next, the 26th inst., the service will be entirely suspended. DISPATCH OF THE INDIA, CHINA, AND AUS. TRALIAN MAILS --SOUTHAMPTON, Jan. 20.—The Peninsular and Oriental Company's steam ship Ripo n, Captain Christian, sailed hence to-day at 3 p.m , with the mails for Gib ra l tar, the Mediterranean, E g ypt, Aden, Ceylon, Mauritius, India (except Bombay), China, Aus tralia, and New Zealand, t oge ther with 160 passengers. The Ripon took ou t freight 347 boxes specie, £135,813,and a full cargo of general merchandise. OYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT GARDEN. Under the Management of Miss Louisa Pyne and Mr. W. Harrison, rote Lessees. THIS EVENING, Balfes popular Opera, TFIE PURI TAN'S DAUGHTER. Madlle. Parepa and Miss Susan Pyne ; Messrs. Santley Dussek, VV. H. and Weiss, Harrison Patey, A. St. Albyn, J. Rouse, C. Lyall, E. , W. . Conductor —Mr. A. Mellon. Alter which, the Grand Comic Christmas Pantomime, en titled HARLEQUIN BEAUTY AND THE BEAST. Doors open at hall-past 6—Commence at 7. T HE A TRE-ROY AL , DRURY - LANE. -- Lessee and Manager, Mr. Edmund Falconer. THIS EVEN ING, the Comic , Drama of THE NEXT OF KIN. Alter which, the Grand Pantomime of LITTLE GO DDT TWO SHOES. Commence at ' TREAT RE-R 0 Y AL, HAY MARKET. Lessee, Mr. J. B. Buckstone. THIS EVENING, at Seven o'clock, will be performed CUR AMERICAN COUSIN. Asa Trenchard, Mr. Buck stone ; Lord Dundreary, Mr. Sothern. After which, a new and original Extravazanza, entitled RASSELAS, PRINCE OF ABYSSINIA.; or, The Happy Valley, Rasselas, Miss Louise Keeley. Concluding with OUR MARY ANNE. THEATRE•ROYAL LYCEUM OPEN, under the Sole Management of Mr. PECHTER. THIS EVENING, Jan. 21, to commence with an Orlzinal Sketch, entitled A SUDDEN ATTACK. Messrs. Shore, Garden, H. Widdicomb, Miss Henrade, and Mrs. Lee. After which, at a Quarter to Eight, a New Romantic Drama, in Three Acts, and Pr)logue, entitled THE DUKE'S MOTTO, by Paul Feval and John Brougham. The principal character will be sustained by Mr. Fechter, supported by Messrs. G. Vining, J. Brougham, H. Width combo, W. M'lntyre, F. Charles, Garden, Raymond, H. Butler, Dawson ; Misses Carlotta Lectern Kate Terri , Lavenue, and Eleworthy. Mr. Phelps and Mr. W. Montgomery are engage d ' and will shortly appear. tioo t o commence Doors open at half-past SLx, perforraa;: d 1 , 2 2s, Places at Seven. Private Boxes, £ 2 12s. dd- , L" 5 , gd,; Upper registered. Stalls, Bs. Bd. ; Dress Circ , Dress Circle, ss. Circle, 4s. 6d. Prices at doors—Stalls, Ca L O s 1N ha Box- Upper Circle, 45.; Pit, 25. ; Gallerv. • p ublic are -pri e treatd to office open daily from 1 1 till 5. Th made e to the occupants of boxes, take notice that no charge iss bills or for the sate keep ingbox places, or stalls, either for play and that the attendants in all parts of hats and cloaks_t_ of the house are forbidden Vining. v Acting atuities whatever Stave-manager, Ur. G. Manager, Mr. H. Barnett. R OY AL PRINCESS'S THEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr Lindu4. THIS EVENING, LAW v. LOVE : Miss M. Oliver. Followed by ONE GOOD TURN DESERVES AN OTHER. Mr. R. Roxby and Miss Amy Sedgwick. After which, the New Grand CHRISTMAS PANTOMIME, RIQUET WITH THE TUFT ; or, Harlequin and Mother Shipton." Mr. G. Belmore, Mr. C. Seyton, Misses Gray and Hudspeth, Mr. Milano, Mr. R. Power, Miss A. Collinson, and Mr. Raiford. `MEW THEATRE-R0 YAL, ADELPHL kI Sole Proprietor and Manager, Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, THE LI 1 TLE TREASURE. Mr Billington, Mr. R. Phillips, and Miss Marie Wilton. After which, A TICKET OF LEAVE : Messrs. J. L.Toole, P. Bedford, and Mrs. Billington. To conclude with " GEORGE DE BARNWELL Or, Harlequin Folly in the Realms of Fancy." Miss Woolgar, Miss K. Kelly, Miss Seaman ; Messrs. J. L. Toole, P. Bed. ford, Stephenson, C. J. Smith. Harlequin, Mr. John Lauri ; Columbine, Miss Caroline Adams; Ciovrn, Mr. W. Hildyard ; ...'antaloon, Mr. J. Paulo. The celebrated Arthur and L'ertrand. Commence at 7. The WEATHEIL—Sun Office, Jan. 21, 1863. THZRMOMETER. Highest since Noon yesterday. Lowest during the night This day at Noon . _ _ __ Barometer-29.72. Wind—West. Weather fine, but cold. THE SUN : LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, ,JANUARY 21. 18 It is very satisfactory to know that the result o: these trials was most successful, and the senders of messages were amazed to find the answers printed almost before they thought that their own sentences were complete. Professor HUGHES has already met with considerable encouragement in many quarters for his valuable instruments, and it must be a re newed source of gratification to him to be yet more extensively appreciated. If the subsequent expe rience of time carries out at all the auspicious pro spects of the opening investigation, the directors of the United Kingdom Telegraph Company will re joice that they have adopted the invention for themselves. A great advantage is, that this system does away with signs, which caused so much confusion and created so much error, as it is capable of being employed by any one who can read. The saving of time will be an im mense advantage, in not having to write the mes sages before despatching them ; and, altogether, there seems but one opinion to prevail with regard to the happy fulfilment of the design of this inge_ nious apparatus. Men like Professor HUMUS are great social benefactors; while they aid the march of mind by their interesting discoveries, and skil ful adaptations of science to suit the exigencies of an advancing age, they also confer practical advan tages on the community, which are at once under stood and completely appreciated even by those who have not leisure to investigate the particulars, or intellect enough to comprehend the principles on which these schemes are founded, and these iiventions applied. M. Thiers, it is said, has refused the offer made him by the electors of Saint-Jean d'Angely (Charente- Inferieure), to bring him forward as their candidate at the next elections. The Discusszone of Turin publishes a letter from Madame Ristori, announcing her intention to perform at Naples one night for the benefit of the sufferers from bri gandage. A discovery has lately been made of a nettle of enormous size growing in the Fort at Periapatum, in the Mysore territory, and which produces a beautiful fibre like flax. The Bombay Chamber of Commerce has received two parcels of samples of cotton—one from Mr. Ovans, assistant collector of Poona, containing a variety o f samples of kuppas and cotton, the produce of ryots in the Indapore districts of the Poona collectorate ; and the second from Mr. Bethcombe, of Kurrachee. The samples submitted by Mr. Ovens are pronounced very inferior, and those byMr. Betheombe are quite unexceptionable, and cap able of com peting succe-sfully wit h the best qualities of the American and Egpytian qualities. entail2the Debats sta'es As an instance of the sums required for the keep itnhgat up th e o of additionalt h e army day y d (nearly innalsZpinyeFarra(nleBe6,4), the budget for which ha s just been laid before the Corps Legislatif, will 00 ,000 f (£8,000) in the navy estimates; in the war, and in all 74.5,000 f letter r c f re r a o s m e of 54&0001 (£2l,800) de £3 0 ,000) for one single day's expenditure of two departments alone. Innspruck states that the Austrian Ministry has de facto decided the question of the admi ssion Tyro;, of Protestants i n t o th e T by authorising the construe , tion of a Protestant church y at Meran. HOPE FOR LANCASHIRE. TO THE EDITOR OF TB E SUN. SlB,—There is hope for Lancashire manufacturers arising from a new quarter, It is, I -admit, only "a cloud" at present " as big as a man's hand," but it will increase and spread i❑ a manner little ex pected by unreflecting observers. Not very many years ago an officer's wife took some grass seed from Africa to feed her birds in Jamaica. fhe ac cumulations at the bottom of the bag were every day thrown out at the window. By-and-bye sheep, goats, and cows were frequently seen under the window feeding on something green. On exami nation, it was found that the bird-seed had vege tated, and that a new kind of grass had attracted the cattle on the estate. The spot on which it grew was enclosed, and both seed and cuttings from the grass•stalks were sought after and sown or planted. Tens of thousands of acres of Guinea grass have since been planted, so that now few pens or estates are without fields of this excellent food for all kinds of cattle. The same thing has arisen from the introduction of a few mango trees from the South Seas. Mango trees of various kinds are now found on almost every estate in the West Indies, especially in Jamaica; and not only men but cattle feed and fatten on this fruit. Poultry, too, feed on it; and the kernels of the stones are devoured with eagerness by pigs, who come by droves in the season when they are found in the greatest abundance. In like manner, unless I am greatly mistaken, a bag of tree cotton seed, sent by Earl Russell to Jamaica from Peru, at the instigation, and for the use of, the Jamaica Cotton Company, will lead to the cultivation of this extraordinary tree on all the mountains of that island. It seems it may be grown either from seed or cuttings, and, according to ex periments made by Mr. Kendal, an American far mer, it will grow and flonrieh wherever Indian corn or maize will ripen. This gentleman states that he saw in the valley of the Chipura a perfect specimen of the gossipium arborium. " Its foliage had long been shed, but the pods remained, having fully burst, and turned their spotless buds into almost perfect roses, which covered the entire structure with a dense mass of spotless glossy cotton. I had never seen anything even appro tching in perfection that solitary tree." " Having no facilities for gathering and weighing the yield of that individual tree, my estimate was of course only an approxi mate conjecture ; but I would not be willing to fall below 1001bs. as the amount of clean lint afforded by the cone having a diameter of 12ft. at the base, and measuring a trifle over lBft. from base to apex." Now, as I have myself picked excellent cotton from perennial shrubs 2,500 ft. above the level of the sea in Jamaica, I cannot doubt that this tree cotton will also flourish there, and if it does the ele vated and most healthy mountains of that country will in a very few years be covered with cotton plantations, cultivated with safety to health and certainty of profit by European settlers. Perhaps there is no finer climate in the world than in these mountains, and that was the opinion expressed to me by the late Lord Metcatfe, who resided in one of them, and confirmed by my own experience during a residence of six years on another. I had a garden on the very top of one in which corn, po tatoe•i, peas, beans, and almost all European as well as tropical vegetables grow in the utmost luxuriance, and I see no reason whatever to doubt that if the cotton seed we have obtained should, as we may fairly expect, be of the kind described by Mr. Kendal, those who have procured and intro duced it will have conferred the greatest possible benefit not only on Jamaica, but on our Lancashire manufacturers and landowners, who must at last feed and clothe the people unless additional sup- plies of the raw material can be found for their pro fitable employment. Only by the last mail we re ceived a letter from the Rev. Mr. Foote, a Wes leyan missionary at Manchioniel, Jamaica, where our experiments are now being carried on, in which he states as follows : " On Monday last I rode over the cotton fields in com pany with Mr. G. Codrington and Mr. Finks. I was de lighted beyond the power of expression; delighted to find that the two pieces of Egyptian cotton on either side of the public road, which looked so shabby and ragged, are about the poorest pieces, or about the second poorest, in the lot. A sad mistake, at least a misfortune, as travellers judge by those two pieces, and report, as they travel through the island, that it is all a 'delusion and a snare.' But let such persons only spare the time, and take the trouble, as I did on Monday, a .d traverse glades, climb hills, and descend valleys, or stand on the mountain sides, and see the hearty healthy, blooming, thickly-bearing green seeds—sea islands, silk cotton, and New Orleans, then if he be a patriot, he will exult ; if he be a Christian, he will silently breathe a doxology to heaven ; if he be at all interested in the conso lidated success of the cotton company he will have his de• sires exchanged for confirmed faith that the Jamaica Cot ton Company is un fait accompli. And when you can in fluence others to mite in the good work, and plant, as you said, at Bristol 10,000 acres, the question will be for ever set at rest, and our exports of the cotton, which Mr. Picker's people found so nice to work up, will b 3 a grand fact. God speed ye." I believe his Excellency Sir Charles Dirling, who has planted 83 acres of cotton on an adjoining estate, Weybridge, has received equally encourag ing and satisfactory accountB.—Yours faithfully, STEPHEN BOURNE. Jamaica Cotton Company's Office, 55, Charing-cross, London, Jan. 20. P.S.—We have requested our friends to ship us immediately to Manchionel sufficient tree cotton seed to enable us to plant 3,000 acres of land. Should they succeed in procuring it, and it should when planted yield for the first year or two only a twentieth part of the quantity estimated by Mr. Kendal, we should be able to supply seed enough to plant 100,000 acres next year. And so much might easily be put in if every Lancashire manufac turer would come forward at once and risk £5O in our undertaking. There is mountain land enough in Jamaica now lying waste to give cotton to the extent of a million bales annually of far better qua lity than East Indian or even American cotton. Why wait for Government interference, or go 15,000 miles for that which may be procured within a month's sail or three weeks' steam from Liverpool ? " SERVANTGALISM." Sufferers from what is called "servantgalism" williead with interest, not unmixed with sympathy the report of a case just heard before the French Correctional Police. The prisoner, Marie Gagneur, was charged with robbing her mistress. The pro secutrix stated that within the last six months she had successively discharged four servants for mis conduct, and could not imagine how girls who had been sent to her from the country, with good cha racters, should in a week or two have contracted all the worst habits of Parisian servants, until she at last ascertained that they had ail been corrupted by a servant in the employ of a family residing in the srme house. It appears that this mischievous person took upon herself to instruct all novices in service, and had even drawn up a set of rules for their guidance, a copy of which was found in the possession of the prisoner. After laying down the general principle that servants are quite as good as their employers, and that every servant is entitled to be absent from the house two hours a day be tween breakfast and dinner,t his precious instructress gives the following rules of conduct ; " Every servant who has any self-respect ought :-1 To insist on going to market unaccompanied by her mis tress; 2. To refuse to debase herself by washing or dry sctubbing; 3. To allow of no meddling with her private affairs or dress; 4. To receive whomsoever she pleases in the kitchen; 5. Not to allow her letters to be read; 6. To wear crinoline, a long shawl , a nd bonnet ; 7. To demand an increase of wages every three months, never to give a week's notice, but to insist on the same from her employer: 8. To take a fortnight's holday twice a year to visit her relatives; 9. To leave any family , it she does not rece i ve a present after two months' service. ' Toe prisoner followed this programme to the letter, was frequently ebsent when wanted, and was guilty of constant peculations in either selling the provision purchased or charging for more than she had bought. Several tradespeople gave evidence which fully proved the charges of theft, and the Tribunal accordingly sent9nced the prisoner to two months' impriscomi-ii Thomas Holden, aged five years, son of a stone mason, residing at lilackburn. died on Saturday evening, after suffering for three weeks, from the effects of drinking a quantity of whisky, which he had found in a "pop bottle," Yesterday morning another violent gale blew over 1 the whole of England. In London it became very high shortly after midnight, and it continued to rage with increasing fury until four o'clock yester day morning, when it reached its height. It con tinued to blow in heavy gusts throughout the whole of yesterday. The list of casualties is a long one. While the storm was at its height, about half-past four in the morning, the chimney of a four-roomed house, No. 4, York -street, Globe-road, Stepney, be longing to Mr. G. Saxton Gobbell, was blown down through the roof. The owner, his wife, and two children, respectively three years and eight months old, were in their beds asleep. In an in stant they were all buried among a heap of bricks and mortar. As soon as the dust cleared away, two neighbours, with two police-constables, at the risk of their lives entered the ruins, and succeeded in pull ing out of the rubbish Mr. Gobbell, who had re ceived a serious wound over the temple. The two children were extricated, comparatively uninjured, but Mrs. Gobbell when got out was found to be dead. At Blackfriars-bridge great consternation was caused, in consequence of the snapping of one of the wires stretching from Chatham-place to Al bion-place on the " up" side of the bridge. It will be remembered that this wire broke some few months back, and in its fall dragged a gentleman off an omnibus, by which he received such severe in juries that death resulted. Fortunately, when the wire broke yesterday morning, It fell into the river and did no harm. So severe was the gale that the railway trains on some of the lines were delayed, and some of the mails did not reach the General Post-office until two hours af►_er the regular time. At 11 o'clock, when the tide was at its lowest point, a singular scene presented itself between Westmin ster and Hungerford bridges. The natural run of the ebb tide was greatly accelerated by the wind. The water was, so to speak, blown out of its chan nel, and to such an extent was this the case that the part of the river in question was shallow to an almost unexampled degree. Several islands ofgravei of considerable extent presented themselves; and at one time no less than four steamers—two of the iron boats and two Citizens—were aground in front of Westminster-bridge. The passengers, after consider able delay, were got off in small boats and rowed ashore. A man named Banford, who was navigat ing a barge off Pickle Herr.ng-tier, was blown off into the water and was drowned. At present it would be impossible to give anything like a correct number of the casualties during the night and morn ing, but it is officially reported that the shipping in the river, the docks, and other places are exten sively damaged. Sundry small craft were forced from their moorings, and carried far away by the force of the wind. CHATHAM, Tuesday Evening. During the whole of this day it blew a strong gale at Chatham from the westward, with a fine clear atmosphere. The Wellesley, 72, guardship at the port, as well as the other ships in the harbour, struck their topgaltantmasts, and pointed their yards to the wind, making all snug for the night, in expectation of the continuance of the gale. This evening the barometer, which during.the early part of the day had been as low as 29.85, had risen to 29.25. DOVER, Tuesday, 3 p.m. For the last three days our coast has been ex posed to heavy gales from the W.S.W. The tides have also been very high, more especially last night and this morning. Considerable destruction has been the consequence. The "notice boards," prohibit ing laundresses drying on that portion of the beach most frequented by seaside visitors have been swept away. The bathing machines have been dragged up many feet from their usuai winter standing, and at the moment of writing tne hot and cold baths are surrounded by the sea. During the night, and the high tide at 11.30 a.m. this day, the footpath fronting the Marine-parade, and leading thence to East Cliff, has been destroyed to a depth of 15ft., and it is imagined that another such tide will carry away some portion of the carriage drive. Land posts that once marked the frequented pro menades for pedestrians are now between 301 t. and 40ft. from the water's edge. On Monday the Tubal Cain was brought into harbour waterlogged and in a sinking condition. Men have been kept at the pumps day and night, in front of the A..rniraltv - yard, and having discharged a portion of her cargo she was righted at 2.30 this afternoon. PORTSMOUTH, Tuesday, 6 p.m. We had a heavy gale here last night from W.N.W., whict. was accompanied by a heavy fall of rain, hail, and snow. It continued to blow with undiminished force up till noon to-day. Since then the wind has moderated a little, and the atmosphere has cleared, but it still blows hard from the same quarter. One of the steam dredging machines, be longing to Messrs. Smith and Co , of Pimlico, which is employed in deepening the harbour chaunel of entrance off Southsea beach, w.'nt, down at her moorings at 6 a.m. Fortunately, no one was on board at the time. She is supposed to have turcued on the bank during the height of a squall, and con sequentiy heeled over and sank. She lies in about 12 feet at low water. The Havre - steam-packet, from Southampton for Havre, brought up in St. Helen's Roads last night for shelter from the gale. This morning she weighed her anchor, and after wards brought up again in a fresh anchorage further to windward, under Haslar• beach. The Mars, screw liner, arrived in St. Helen's Roads this morning from the Mediterranean, but all commu nication with her has been impossible, except by signal. From 10 a.m, on Saturday to 10 a.m. on Sunday the mercury in the barometer fell seven and a half tenths. In the next 24 hours it rose a tenth. From 10 a.m. yesterday until the same time to-day, it first rose seven eighths of a tenth further, but afterwards felt about three tenths, marking 29.27. Since then it has again started on the rise, and now has reached 29.47. SHIELDS, Tuesday, Noon. Last night a storm warning reached this port from Admiral Fitzroy that a dangerous wind might be expected, and during the whole of last night it blew a fierce gale from N.W. Since daybreak there has been a considerable fall of snow, and as this despatch is being sent off the weather seems to be getting worse, and the wind more round to the northward. Fortunately the wind has been off shore all night,and no shipping casualties are reported this morning. The snow is falling very heavily, and the wind is sweeping across the harbour in violent gusts. NEWPORT (Monmonnthshire), Monday Evening. A terrific gale visited this coast to-day. There are no shipping casualties yet reported, but it is feared that many have occurred. LIVERPOOL, Jan. 20. One of the highest tides and most severe gales which have been experienced for several years past occurred to-day. During the whole of yesterday and yesterday night there was a strong gale, which at daylight rose with considerable rapidity till about noon it had reached a whole gale from W. to W.N.W. The tide, the highest of the mouth, with the exception of to-morrow, was 19ft. llin. This high tide and the gale combined caused the water to rise in an unusual manner. Shortly before 12 o'clock the water had risen to a level with the top of the quay walls on the different piers. The St. George's and Prince's landing stages were raised several feet above the level of the piers to which they are respectively attached, and from the high sea which was running all access to them was ren dered difficult, and in some instances hazardous. Many of the ferry passengers had to be conveyed to and from the St. George's landing-stsge in carts and cabs while the spray dashed over them. So violent was the gale and so high was the water that it eame halfway across the carriage ro,d bei ween St. George's Dock- basin and St. Nicholas's churchyard. Some apprehensions were at one time entertained lest the frightful strain to which they were exposed would cause some of the mooring-chains of the landing-stages to give way. Fortunately, however, this did not occur; the stages gallantly rode out the storm. So imminent was the risk of drifting considered among the vessels at anchor in the river that every precaution was adopted to secure them against accident. The Great Eastern got up steam at an early hour, and continued, with steam up, to ride at her moorings. Several of the shipbuilding) 3 arils at the south end ot the town we a inuud,ted, and a considerable an:ount of timber and other ma terials were set afloat. The sea made several breaches in the Leitsome embankment, but they are not believed to be of any serious moment. A man is reported to have been washed off the landing slip at Scacombe and drowned. The lifeboat-house on Hilbre Island was burst open by the force of the wind and tide, and the Hilbre lifeboat washed up at. Haylake. In the Channel the storm appears to have been equally fierce. Two barks we, e driven on shore at Holyhead, and the Londonderry steamer, which arrived in the afternoon, had her port bow considerably damaged, having been struck by a sea, end nearly the whole of the cattle and pigs which she carrieu on deck were washed overboard. In the town the gale, which was accompanied by heavy showers of rain, snow, and hail, caused great in convenience and alarm, although, so far as is known, there was no accident of importance. HOLYHEAD, Jan. 20. A terrible gale has prevailed here to-day. The railway is six feet under water at Abergele, and both lines of way are torn up at Bagilt. All the trains have been stopped during the night. The Medea, from the African coast, has bee❑ wrecked, but ail the crew are saved. THE GALE. STATE OF TRADE. MANCHESTER, Jan. 20.—1 n yarns there has been no business to-day, A decided pause has occurred in business. Nobody seems exactly to know the reason why. It is partly attributed by some to the advance in discounts, while others attribute it to the recent advices from America. Yet no one seems to see in the American news anything but evidence of a longer and more protracted struggle, and why this should affect business is not very obvious. Buyers do not appear disposed to operate for any market. There is no new feature in the cloth market, except that the improvement in the dem.,.tnd for India fabrics, which the telegrams from Calcutta last week gave some hopes of, has not taken place. In these goods, we are told, there has been nothing whatever doing. This branch of our trade appears to be very sensitive to any depression of the cotton market, and the quietness in cloth is mainly attri buted to the state of trade at Liverpool. ['he prima of cloth are unchanged, and ma'ufact urers appear disposed to maintain their quotation with firmness. There is a disposition among the home trade, as there has been for some weeks past, to do business, espe cially in printing cloths, but it has not yet led to any results worth mentioning, so far. Buyers for long cloths for Alexandria have bean again inking some inquiries, and manufacture rs have in L.oine cases taken orders, but mostly at prices which can hardly cover the cost of making, though they may mitigate the loss which would result from keeping machinery actually idle. Some little weakness has manifested itself with some of the holders of both yarn and cloth, but it is quite exceptional. Messrs. John Stagg and Company report of the cloth-market :--- " There is no new feature in this market since our last report. There is still a fair demand for some descriptions of printers and long-cloths, and a mode rate amount of business has been done in them, at last week's prices. For other goods, especially for India and China shirtings, there is little or no de mand, but stocks being light and production very small, there is no anxiety to sell, and prices are firm, at the quotations of last week." LEEDS, 20th.—The weather, which has been , squally, with rain, sleet, and snow, has affected the cloth-markets this morning, by limiting the atten dance to less than it would have been if the morn ing had been fine. All things considered, a fair amount of business was done in fabrics for spring wear, including light goods for female attire. The manufacturers, both in the town and the neighbour hood, report themselves to be steadily employed oa orders. Prices keep firm. The local wool trade is rather quiet, but there is no change in the gene ral currency for wool. ROCHDALE, 19th.--The flannel trade keeps active, and a good amount of business has been done to -day i❑ plain as well as fancy goods. Prices are well maintained. Yorkshire linseys continue in active request, and command profitable prices, Manufae• turers are well employed, many on orders which will keep their machinery running for weeks at least. Wools are held firmly at late quotations► but the manufacturers are not buying veil freely, many of them being well supplied. woollen firm in the neighbourhood doing r consider able business has suspended payment, but hopes are entertained that it will soon be able to resume business. Mr. Leatham, M.P., on the lational Si' penditure. On Monday evening, Mr. E. A. Leatham, M.P., d e ' livered a lecture in the Music Saloon, Wakefield, on "Re" trenchment ;is it possible and ex edient." There was large audience. The hon. gentleman, who during a le delivery of the lecture was frequently applauded, went 5 : great length into the details of our expenditure, and showe d how it had increased, especially under the naval and mill tart' head. He °once-dad that our naval and military o utlay was comparatively much higher than that of France or o.ni other nation in Europe. Tue increase which had taken place could not be justified. There was no reason to aPPr e " hend an invasion, and even if an enemy could break throug h the E glish fleet (in itself no very simple operation), be would have to encounter a force of 210,000 men, d ie greater part of whom could be summoned in an instan" by teleAraph, and concentrated on any given point in a few hours. When we remember (he continued) that tbe o a men would be fighting close to their base of operation!: in the midst of a friendly and infuriated people, and above all, that they would be fighting for their hone: (the sacred inspiration that makes armies invincible, na d every man a hero), what are we to t hi n k o f the spill*. hensions of those who t, emble at the bugbear of invasion, and, surrounded by a population the bravest, the west loyal, and the most united in the world, dare t ° ,l outrage by their cowardice every tradition of a renown ° and indomitable people ? And what must be their estimate of the sagacity of the first statesman in Europe, it they think him capable of committing thi s p ro di g i ous fiasco P .", is open to grave doubt whether Napoleon the Great, with all his military genius, his implacabl e hatr e d, and his inel , haustible resources contemplated for more than a momen t° descent upon these shores ; and are we to believe that Nap °, leon the Third, without that genius, that hatred, and thosa.. resources, is resolutely bent upon an enterp r i se , the Poss i s bility of which only flitted like a dream across the We!, daring and ambitious imaginati on w hi c h th e wo rld 10 ' known ? Are we to believe that he has studied to so lit tle purpose the character of those among whom he passed h ie exile, as not to know that the first Frenchman who stair upon our island would by that very act convert every 11 10 lishman into an implacable enemy,aed inaugurate a strugg i a the fiercest and m ost deadly i n his history, and which teal , only terminate in the depopulation of England, or the dos° , fall of his dynasty and the utter prostration of France ? R e cent events in America do not lend confidence to the I li a wader, and if one more illustration were required to p 1 9% the indomitable energy of the Anglo. Saxon, we have will P" , turn our eyes to the banks of the Chicahominy and theRaPP (4 , hannock. A strong argument m oreover aga i ns t th e poss ll ' r _. lay of a war with Franc e i s t o b e f oun d i n h er present p o sits o o ' ) and relation to the n a ti ons w hi c h are conterm i nou s wi t her. Her stren gt h h as hi t h erto b een not mere l y i n the r e, , sources of her pe o ple, b u t i n th e w e akness of her neighbo ur ' s , A divided Germany, a divided Italy, an enfeebled Spai n ; what a field f or F renc h diplomacy and aggression I Eve point to the early consolidation of these communities. I tif is becoming a great and united nation. Germany is g ravita t e ing towards the two chief poles of German power. powerful states, side by side, will soon in all probability o ° l , front France upon the east . E ven Spain,touched by the vlf lying force of the age , is rising from the dead. These n ations p are all the enemies of France -- and they are all girding their loins. In proportion as they become strong, France 13° 0 comes relatively weak. I think that she will find enougl i e do to hold her own by land, without engaging, at fea ri o odds, with a nation of sailor s i n a strugg l e f or t he 0 0 0 of ihe sea. The English alliance has been the ful er h il t o from which the Emperor has moved Europe. H e te looked in vain e l sew h ere f or tr i enes h p. Legi,i%6 monarchs have resolutely turned their backs upon rude and danger u s upstar t w h ose th rone , pr i n ge ir° ol revoluthu. Why s h ou ld h e m ake w a r on England sr for he kill the goose that has laid so many golden egg s , him ? But it is in vain to urge all this u - ron the alartnis When a fixed idea has taken possession of the W ili l y mind men cease to be ame na bl e to reason. Th e h o n. g e e s tleman then proceeded to combat the statement that Fr ai ll was largely increasing her naval and military forces , 7 0 0 quoted figures in support of h i s theory, t h a t there Was nothing in the st ate o f t h e French armaments to P i ht alarm. He pointed out other .considerations which ou.:r to induce ou r G overnment l arg el y to re d uce t h e na tion' co , pencil ure, and strong l y urge d a po li cy of prudence , nd 0100 0 a ciliation i n our ritions with foreign powers. At the 00 of the lecture a s ote of thanks to the hon. gentleman unanimously adopted.