The Sun. — London, England, 1864-07-25 00:00:00

MO THE ELECTO ONDO O N. RS F THE CITY OF L GENTLEMEN, — I have on several occasions been questreusted by influential Citizens of London to allow myself Candidate whenever a vacancy should occur in the represen— tation of the City. The letter which has appeared this mcrning in the "Times" from our respected representative, Sir James Duke, ,"jouncing his intention of ret i r in g from Parliment, renders it n . e c ? ssary that some response sh ould be give I should n that me to the kited expressions o f those who have thought re st interests not prove an unwo rth y re p resentative of the g entrusted as a Member of Parliament for the City of London. I beg tosure you th t I should esteem it an honour to be one of the representatives in the House o f Commons for the City of London , having for many years been actively engage in its d in the public affairs of th e City, and largely i trade and commerc My attachment to the Liberal cause is well known to the Electors. I have always advocated and supported those libe ral principles which have tended so materially to promote the prosperity of all classes in this country. act at the same time have added strength .nd ecur,ty to the Constitution. The position of Ch Magistrate, in which the favour of my fellow-citizens has placed me, encourages me to hop 3 that I ‘say be honoured with theentrusting confidence ot the E ectors, who may .eel assurer tt.n., to me the onerous ;ho may and duties of their representative in Paella i•ament, those responsibilities will ever be kept in view, and LL use outies ea:nestly and faithfulty discharged. I ant, Gentlemen, yours very faithrully, WILLIAM LAWRENCE. Mansion 'louse, July 25,1661, ROYAL ITALIAN OPERA, Covent-garden. Last Night but Five. Mlle. Adelina Patti, Madame Didiee ; S igno r Graziani, and Sigma. M.ario. Extra Night. THIS EVENING (Monday', July 25, will be performed, era for the first time this season , Flotoves op, in four acts, MARTHA. Lady Enrichetta, Mdlle. Adelina Patti ; NanbY, Madame Didiee; Plumket, Signor Graziani ; Tristano, Signor Tagliafico ; Sceriffo di Richmond, Signor Fallar ; aild Lia- Aiello, Signor Mario. The incidental divertissement will be supported by Mdlle , SCvloni, Mille. Carmine, and. M. Desplaces. Conductor, Mr. Costa. Pit tickets, 7s. ; amphitheatre sta.'s, los. ed., 75., and ss. ; amp h i theatre, 25. 6 d. Boxes, stalls, and tickets may be had at the box-offic under the portico of the theatre, which is principal musicsellers' and open from ten till five, and at the librarians'. ------ oyA.L PRINCESS'S THEATRE. — sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. Vining. 4177gis EVENING, BORN TO GOOD LUCK. Paddy Co' (Lafferty, Mr. Dominick Murray. i\fter which. the new play by John Oxenford, Esq., THE muNASTERY OF Sf. JUSr : Messrs. Vining, H. Mars too, Nelson, J. IV. Ray, H. Mellon, W. Robins, t 2. Seyton, h a pyrian ; Mrs. H. Ralston, and Mdlle. Stella Colas. NsW THEATRE-BO YAL, ADELPHI. — bwe Propriato; and Manazor. Mr. B. Webster. THIS OWNING, THO FLOWERS OF THE FOREST. 3lessrs. J. L. Toole, P. Bedi.ord, Billington, Stuart, Stephen son, Romer; Miss Woolgar, Miss li. belly. and Mrs. Bil lingion. At 1.), ONE TOUCH OF Is." &TORE. Penholder, Mr. Benjamin Webster ; Constance, M.:19 H. Simms. Followed by THE AREA BELLI:. with a N orrible Tale : Messrs. J. L. Toole, P. Bedford, n. Romer,Miss Woolgar, and Mrs. IL Lewis. Commence at 7. R OYAL ST. JAMES'S THEATRE, under the Management of Mr. B. WEBSTER. Last three weeks of the present season. Crowded with rank and fashion. Es. engagement of those ce ebraced and popular artistes, Mr. an a Mrs. Charles Mathews. Productlq , n of an entirely new olgin,l Travestie of a very popular subject, by F. C. Burnanc, Esq., entitled FAUST' diVD MAR GUERITE, in which Mr. and Mrs Charles 3iatnews will appear. The new scenery by the celebrated artists, Messrs. Dauson and Sons ; the incidental ila:let by ()sear Byrne. Amongst the artists engaged will be found the popular inmes of Mr. Benjamin Webster, Mr. Charles Mathews. Mr. Frank Matthews, Mr. J. L. Toole. Mr. J. Clarke, Mr. PAul Bedford, Mr. •1 0 . Robinson, Mr. Ashley, Mr. J. Johnstone; )tics Herbert,. Mrs. Frank Matthews, Miss H. Simms, Miss A. Cottrell, Miss Fanny Josephs, Miss Patti Josephs, Miss Weutworth,;Mrs. Stirling., ana Mrs. Chas. Mathews. EVERY EVENING, at 7, A SHEEP IN WOLF'S CLOTHING. Mrs. Siirling, Mr. J. clarke, and Mr. F. Robinson. At a quarter-past 8, a new Travestie, entitled FAUST AND MARGUERITE : Mr. Chas. Mathews, Mr. J. Clarke, Mr. Ashley, Mr. Montague, Air. W. H. Eburne, Mr. W. Chamber:sine, and Mrs, C. Mathews. At 10, LITTLE TODDLEKINS, Mr. Charles Mathews, Mr. and Mrs. F. Matthews. To conclude with BRISTOL DIAMONDS. Mr. and Mrs. Frank Matnews, Mr. Ash ey, Miss Wentworth. (2.OODWOOD —RACE GLASSES , th e b es t a t ‘. A CALLAGHAN'S, 23A, New Bond-street, W., corner of Conduit-street. N.B.—Bole agent to Voigtlander, Vienna. OPERA and RACE GLASSES. Field and Yacht Glasses, in every varle . y of size; form, and mounting, matchless for their great magnifying power and sharpness of definition. Price, from Cue. each, at CALLAG.II.AN'S, 23A, New Bod-street, W., corner of Conduit-street. Sole agent for the n celebrated race and field glasses and photo graphic lenses made by Veigtlander, Vienna. Field glasses mace expressly for India. warranted to withstand the greatest tropical heat. The new aluminium mounted glasses (as re cently made for H.R.H. the Prince cf Wales), though of the largest size, weigh but a few ounce!. (lOU:WRY and SEASIDE DRESSES. 1..) Messrs. JAY, of Regent-street, have now in stock a variety of WASHING sIIK DREISES, suitatle for the country and seaside, and at the c.earing-out p: ice et only its. td. the dress. JAY'S, 247, 20, and 211, Regent-street. BLACK SILKS.—The price of Silks in the raw material has alredy r sen 15 per cent., and it will soon reach a far greater per-tentage. Messrs. JAY, therefore, invite :heir numerous patrons to take adv.ntage of the stock they have on hand, which they can nowdispo ,, e of on favour abfe. terms ; but the same qualities will naturilly be more co >tly as the price of silk fluctuates to a higher average JAY'S, 217, 210, and 251, Regent-street. COALS. —T he LUAU coA Direct from thei: 'SHALL COMPANY'S .LS. • own Collieries. 3.larqnis'. 23s. per ton. I Double 203. per ton. Top 22 g. De,p .2ls. „ M!.11 screened and delivered within five miles of their De pots, Westbourne Park-road, W., and 17, South Wharf, Paddington, W., and Maiden-lane, N. Best Coke lss. per chaldron. Terms cash. JOHN SCOTT, Sole Agent. rffl TIE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN,' Containing the Latest SPOP.,TD:;G INTELLIGENCE , etw be had Every Evening; of G. EL GLINIE, YEWS AGENT, No. 4. Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. The Weather—Sun Office, .TUly 25, 1864. THERMOMETER. This day at Two o'clock Barometer-29. 54 . ; light breeze, and cloudy. Diplomatically—Everything is gained (in the way of all the advantages resulting from the preserva tion of Peace) —fors l'honneur I We have been threatening—an.l all our threats have come to nought. We have been promising assistance.—and that assistance, even at- the direst extremity, has never once been forthcoming. There was always a putting off, upon some paltry ex cuse or another. Holstein was invaded. Yes— but it was not Schleswig ! Schleswig was entered by the German troops, was entered and formally " occupied. Ah—it was not Jutlrind ! Jutland was penetrated. True—but tfiere Was the Island of Funen ! Nay—it was actually intimated at last by the Prime Minister of England, in the presence of the House of Commcns, amidst ironical jeers of indignation that in certain still more dire contingencies—lf Copenhagen were bombarded and taken, for example, f King CHRISTIAN IX., the father of our young Princess. of WALES, were seized by the Prussian Victors in his palace, and were carried away thence as a prisoner of war—England, even then, might—not "could,'' but " might"—interfere ? Nothing of the kind! England, even then, might —it was a mere hypothesis—might—just within the limits of possibility—reconsider her policy ! Might—take into her ccnsideration the advisability of acting, somehow or another, differently ! No—the preservation of peac e in Europe is in itself, of course, a matter for profound congratulation. Bat—it is certainly no subject for self gratulation to England the ignoble manner in which it has ,been brought about! It becomes even matter for serious doubt among patriotic Englishmen whether so absolute a . sacrifice of honour, of dignity, of good faith, of self-respect (in the dealing about us, that ie, of so many utterly valueless fair promises, and of so many utterly contemptible, because empty and idle threats) is not a price too dear for us to have paid even for the preservation of peace in i Christendom. HIGli WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAL—Morning, 6i. 24m.—Afternoon, 6h. 60m To-m08.8.0w.-Morning, 7h. 12m.—Afternoon, 7h. 40m, 9: 11 k • at t sun, The speech of Lord STRATFORD DE REDCLIFFE on Friday was very appropriate, and it is satisfac tory to know that there are some few remaining politicianiwho will broach these awkward subjects, and thus compel Ministers to make some attempt at a reply. It is notorious that our Government shirk all inquiries, and turn a deaf ear alike to the voice et reason and the language of warning. That is no excuse for those idle or indifferent members who will not interfere, because they say it is of no use to make any disturbance, since no result will ensue. It is their duty to do their utmost, and if they fail it is not their fault. At any rate all that relates to this matter of which Lord STRATFORD DE REDCLIFFE treated is so very unsatisfactory, and the intelligence itself so unwelcome to English ears that we cannot but hail every opportunity that occurs for watching the progress and marking the workings of the affair. His lordship put the ques tion very fairly before the House, and the tenor of his remarks must have produced an impression upon many of his hearers. In the first place, it is im possible for the most sceptical to deny that there is great truth in his observation that such a thing as the revival of the Holy Alliance must be deemed far from improbable, and also that if such an event actually occurred the combination of the three military Powers, Austria, Russia, and Prussia would be a great evil. They would inter fere with the freedom and the independence of all the smaller States. This is strictly true, and, in deed, proofs are not wanting of the lamentable effects which have been produced by the union of these Powers. List year Poland was made LONDON, MONDAY, JULY 25, 1861. almost a complete wreck through the rapacity of Russia, and every imaginable assistance was ren dered by Austria and Prussia. The latter kingdom more especially conspicuously distinguished itself for its zeal and energy in the cause, and now this zeal many calamities have erisen through the joint working of Prussia and. Austria; while Russia has not only openly lent her aid, but done a good deal in the way of secret service to those whose greed and covetousness sent them forth to despoil and appropriate the possessions of others. It is impossible to shut cur eyes to the fact that . 1 these three Powers, flushed with victory, intent on plunder, and incensed at the idea of the spread of liberty, will not be content to re main stationary. Rest and be thankful does not enter into the policy of their Cabinets; they are always on the alert, and woe betide the small State, the independent little kingdom, or the revolutionary country that stands in their way, and incites them to exterminate and crush. There can be no greater mistake than to ignore the workings of a system until it is too late to do anything to check its course, or arrest its mischievous tendency. With Lord STRATFORD DE REDCLIFFE we egree in declaring that this combination puts us in great danger, It is one of those . unpropitiots developments of power and those disastrous exhibitions of strong passions without a curb that aro fatal to the interests of communities, and totally subversive of the best laws of humanity. Lord STEATFORD DE REDCLIFFE very forcibly expressed his opinions relative to the mis taken views entertained by some respecting the atti tude that England ought to assume. The interests of commerce are held to supersede all other consi derations. "If we wish to be safe and to escape that which has been the almost proverbial fate of The imminent probabilities of a general European war have happily drifted nut of view within the last few weeks. Peace among the Great Powers, it is satisfactory to know, is not only still preserved intact, but is likely to lip preserved for some time to come. Whatever sinister hints to the contrary may be thrown out by isolated Parisian organs like Le Pays, the general impression, nowadays, both here amongst ourselves, and beyond the Channel i n a ll parts of the Continent, is pretty much what we have here intimated it to b„ . mgarding the mere fact itself—that peace has not merely to this moment been preserved, hut that it appears to yi eld every reasonable promise of being yet awhile maintained intact, for a period of indefinite duration — we cannot bat look to the aetual result, of course, with a sense, so fur, of profoun d satiataction. But, While doing, so, in the interests of hum an i ty, i t i s impossible to do so in our owa selfish na ti o nal interests. It 6 impossible, at l eas t, t o l oo k at the manner in which this result has been secured, with any degree of, BO to speak, national And for a self-complacency. reason, unhappily, 'Y too apparent, not only here, but far and wide, all over the world, in both hemi spheres. Peace has beau preserved—but at what 2 sacrifice! At the sactlfice of the prestige, a the name, and fana?, and influence, and heroic repute of England. It is undeni a bl e . All all commercial countries, we must preserve that high spirit of nationality, and that nobility of heart which tells us that our best interests are not based on mere sordid calculations of profit and loss." These are sentiments which are worthy of a great country, and it would be well if they were more in vogue in high places just now, but on the contrary our Ministers appear to put profit before every thing, and the dread of war before the claims of justice or the interests of the oppressed. Earl RUSSELL'S reply to the queries put to him was as tame and unsuitable as usual on such occasions. He either did not or would not see the drift of the re marks of the noble lord, as to his denial of the authenticity of the rumour referred to. The noble lord appears himself to apprehend that at some future time there will virtually be a combination that will possess all the attributes of the Holy Alliance. The Powers in question are always expressing a hope that the European Sovereigns may unite in order to put down reaction ary movements. We shall only drift into further perplexities, however, and meet with more diffi culties if Earl RUSSELL intends to act upon what he hes eaid, namely, that he does not see that the revival of the Holy Alliance can give us a just cause for apprehension. He cannot believe that those Sovereigns can mean more than to protect their own dominions, and secure them from the effects of democratic invasions. If he is going to guide the course of his policy by this idea, he will fail most completely in representing the best inte• rests of ou r coun t r y, and only add to the imbrog lios now di s t ract i ng t h e na tions of Europe. It is a singular thing that whenever there is a presage of any great ch ange Occurring, o ur Ministers always say that the rumour is false, or else, if it turns out tree, that th ere is no cause for di squ i e tude. He must be very ignorant or very credulous who is any longer satisfied with this answer to the in quiries made under the infiaence of astonishment) indignation, and dismay. The eoac;usion we arrive Europe knows it to be 50. It is mattecTe; pro found exultation through the length and breadth o f t he Continent. It is not so with Franc IN «it Englan. France nev er i n d u l ged is so With England. du r i ng the late diplomatic correspondence and negotiation:, —in the matter of Schleswig and Holstein—in the m a tter of dispute between Denm ar k an d G„many—Franca never indulged in those false promises on the one side, and in those bragga (lnclose threats upon the other, that England,thanks certainly did indulge i n , to Earl RUS SELL ' S policy, and indulged in apparently with a sort of insensate perversity, prepense, upon system, and with a kind of crass stupidity of deliberation. Reversing that old heroic cry of anguish that thrills to us through history, ae might say now, in regard to tae IhfeAt recently endured by Etigiand at. is still the same, but a sad rehearsal of the past, LA, EST LNTELLIGENCE and the people of England, who are the ruling power of the world, have to look on while tyranny [REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.] runs riot, and oppression holds Sovereign sway. The next Sessicn of Parliament will doubtless - witness some of the E ffects produced by the work ings of this Holy Alliance, which it is now conve nient to laugh at, and to deny In toto. Our Go vernment cannot possibly lay claim to foresight. This country has always been prompt to recog nise the dangers of monopoly. The evils are indeed sufficiently great, and apparently readily percretible to a people much less acute and much less versed in commercial dealings. But early expe rie-ace, as well as the natural tendency of the ling lis'a temper, has inspired us with an especial dread ot: anything approaching to monopoly. Year by year the old remnants of it still at work in our system are dying out, year by year the principles of Free Trade are becoming more widely developed, more generally adopted. The very foundation of our time-honoured Constitution is the even balance of power—restraining alike the monopoly of autho rity by the Crown, by the Parliament, and by the people. Everything that has a tendency to cen tralisation is looked upon with much suspicion, and this feeling is the protection of many cumbrous establishments which might be better worked by one central authority, but which are justly che rished by the people as safeguards against that social despotism of which they are so jealous. Our municipal institutions, our county magistracy, our Poor-law system, have all in turn been abused and criticised, as in truth they very often lay them- ' selves open to be ; but, after all that can be said against them, they rest upon a firm foundation—the conviction of the country that, with all their faults, they are part of these barriers which our fathers erected round their hardly-won freedom, and so long as they last they afford substantial guarantees that England shall continue to be governed by Englishmen after their own fashion. It was this strong feeling against anything approaching to monopoly, or centralisation, added to the jealousy and disfavour with which the House naturally regards official accounts and official workmanship, that gave Mr. COBDEN so many supporters in his his attack upon the Government Manufacturing Establishments on Friday night. The censure which he passed on the originators, the enlargers, and the superintendents of those establishments, was wholesale and uncompromising. According to his showing, we are lavishing unheard of sums on articles that are comparatively worthless ; we are employing large numbers of men and damaging private business, in providing the country with inferior articles at a high price; we are putting an affront on the manufacturing interest of the country, without deriving any benefit from our offensive conduct; we are undertaking to do publicly what could be much better and more cheaply done pri vately ; our stores are bad, our contracts vexatious, cur accounts altogether unreliable, and the result of all is likely to be that our supply will entirely fall short in time of need, and we shall reap the consequence of persisting in maintaining these costly and inefficient establishments in a great de mocratic revolution. The answers to all these charges, general and particular, are not long in making their appearance. Mr Cobden's sweeping accusations were met in many instances with a com plete refutation. Any quantity of arms, of amain. nition, or of clothing, could, he said, be obtained from our great manufactories at the brie rest possible notice. Bat official experience proveS this assertion to be incorrect. Mr.Mor; SELL cited a few instances from our Crimean experience which serve to indicate the necessity of the public service not being altogether dependent oa private establishments. In 1854 5 200 tons of shot and shell was given to be delivered within two weeks, but the full amount was not forthcoming till January, 1856. Another firm which entered into a similar agreement was a little quicker in its proceedings, making its first delivery of the required articles in June, 1855. A third firm undertook to deliver 150 tons of shot and 150 tons of shell by the 7th of January, 1855, and the same quantity weekly afterwards. The way the con tract was fulfilled was by making the first delivery CHINA AND JAPAN. (By Telegraph from Suez.) SHANGHAI, JUNE 6. Major Gordon's force has been disbanded. Sir Frederick Bruce is returning home. Advices received from span state that Sir Rutherford Alcock has arranged quarters for the British troops at Jeddo. THE PRINCIPALITIES. BUCHAREST, JULY 24. The Bon2anza has been suppressed in consequence of the publication of farther violent attacks upon the Government. The Moniteur will publish tomorrow a report on the state of the finances of the Principalities. FRANCE. BoussE, July 23.—The aarket still continues in the same feverish and inanimate state, and the limited transactions up to the present hour show a slight further decline. Tarees, for the Account, are now at 66f. 10c. Moiilier, after receding to 972 f. 50c., have since recovered to 980 f. So little Railway tiwaahout yesterday's quotations , has es i tb were been done nominalin R Shares that the prices aro The market continued heavy to the close, and left off as follows : 4A per Cente .. 94 50 Do. end month.... -- 3 per Cents Do. end month 66 10 Credit Mobilier 977 50 Do, end month 977 50 Bank Shares Credit Foncier 1217 50 I:talian Loan 6B 10 Do. end month 63 05 Ditto Threes — New Mexicau ILussian Austrian .. Spanieh Threes — aomo Da'ot Roman [33e7c7re - d - ILALLITAXB. Cash. 872 60 978 75 893 75 '.. 897 50 Account. Orleans is..; Northern Lyons and Moditerranean New ditto — • • S u uthern 637 50 .. 637 50 Western 50 .. 477 50 Eastern ... • • 00000 .07111• 47 7 SarJ , r , ian 351 25 .. Austrian 413 75 ~ 412 50 Lonsbard North of Spain Saragossa.. 528 73 .. 527 50 Ditto to Barcelona in June, 1855, and this was in a time of war, when the welfare of the public service depended so largely upon a faithful per formance of contracts, and there is no reason, as Mr. MONSELL said, why we should suppose that things are much altered now. But, thanks to the much abused establishment at Woolwich, a quan tity of shot and shell equivalent to the whole of that expended at Sebastopol might be produced in six weeks, and the number of cartridges con sumed during the siege might b 3 forthcoming in half that time. So much for the advantage gained in point of promptness and certainty. When we come to the consideration of the guallty of the articles supplied, the importance of Government establish merits becomes still more perceptible, Unhappily, it is not safe to trust inen's lives and health altogether to the honesty of contractors. The revelations of the Crimea might convince even Mr COBDEN, but they were not officially quoted on Friday evening. The public, however, have not forgotten the boots that were destined for some distant and unthought-of locality, whence the report of their quality would scarcely reach England, and not be critically examined with a view to the exigencies of war. They have not forgotten the tool 3 which proved so unfitted for their purpose, nor the still sadder and darker memory of the inferior preserved meat which so grievously disappointed the poor frost-bound wanderers in the Arctic regions. Ail these things have taught us that it is not well to trust exclusively to the private establiztimento. Mr COBDEN admits that in earlier days Government establishments were useful as a check upon contractors, but now he says " the great shipbuilders, the great gunmakers, the large tailoring establishments, are better cheeks upon each other through the force of competition. But unhappily the competition tends rather to keep down the price than to improve the quality. "It is the disposition of contractors," says the Marquis of HARTINGTON, " to supply samples cheap rather than good ; and as even the lives of our soldiers and sailors may depend upon the qcality of articles fur• nished to the Government, I. cannot seo how the men of cur navy and army can be protected without a minuto inspection of the articles contracted for." Several of the establishments objected to are used for the purpose of testing the goods provided, and, in spite of Mr. COBDEN, this is an unavoidable neces sity. The fact i‘,3, that special wants must have a special supply, and general provision will not do. When the hon. gentleman was busy with his corn law agitation, the regular press could not serve his purpose, but he must start a journal of his own : 'lnd so, in times of sudden pressure or alarm, it will not do for the Government of this country to depend wholly upon commercial enterprise, how ever great. Of course th e official establishments should b e k ep t w i t hi n b oun d s, and a close super vision of the accounts should be kept by the House, and so far Mr. COBI)EN'S motion may do good ear vice. It is certainly desirable, too, that more hear ing Should be given to suggestions from without, and that a fair share of encouragement should be given to the general industry of the country, but it is unworthy of a country like England to be at the mercy . nt any trade in time of war or emergency, and experience has proved it to be also most unwise. LITERA:TTJBE, The Story of the Guns. By Sir dames Emerson Tennent, K.C.S., F.R.S., &c.... Longman and w ill res t on si le zeexcluded particles, as if floating on quick silver. With similar devotio: to accuracy, Mr Whitwo r th, in the search for a means of determine-e: dimensions with precision, tiottstrUcted a machine, so accurate,;and deli cately made as to measure objects which differ even by the millionth part of an inch—a division so minute as to be per ceptible only by touch after it ceased to be discernible by the eye. So nice is the adjustment that in using it an inch of steel can be held to be an inch, only so long as the ther mometer stands at 62 deg, the slightest excess of tempera ture; and the ataneard yard, a square bar of steel, when placed in the machine is so expanded by the slightest touch of the finger as to show an appreciable lengthening even under the iv iluence of the irifieitesinial amount of heat thus imparted." It was after England and the continental Ilations gene rally had awakened to the censciousness of the deLleiaPiets of the old regulation musket, the Minis rifle, the invention of a French non-commissioned officer, attracted universal attention, and Lord Hardinge, after having consulted with MrWeetley Richards, Mr Pura. dey and other celebrated gun makers, introduced the Enfold rifle. After various experi ments it was discovered that although the guns were made upon the same pattern and in all respects alike, no two were alike in their performance or properties. In this strait Lord Hardinge had recourse to Mr Whitworth is 1853, requesting him to construct machinery whioh would enable the workmen to produce guns which should be practically as well as theoretically similar. From this date Ms Whitworth commenced to study the science of gunnery, with what results his success with the rifle musket, and his armour piercing projectile can bear wit. ness. It is a curious fact that the three greatest construc tors of artillery in this country, none of them belong pro fessionally to the business. It is true that Mr Whitworth, as a mechanical engineer, when devoting himself to the construction of wrought iron artillery, was, to a certain extent, in his element, but as regards Sir William Arm strong and Captain Blithely, they were unquestionably amateurs. It is not our intention to follow Sir E. Tennent through hie protracted review of the details of each stop in the progress of the inventions and experiments of the last five years. To those who are really interested in the sub ject, we would rather recommend the perusal of the work itself. The impartial observer cannot fail, when be exa mines the question carefully, to stereo with the author, that much valuable time has been lost, and a vast sum of money recklessly expended, through the prejudice and prct ,ssional etiquette of the Ordnance Select Committee. It is no fault cf Sir William Armstrong that the committee rejected the claims of all other competitors, because they were desirous of experimenting upon his guns alone. Although SirW,Armstrong was placed in a situation of great delicacy, not to say embarrassment, as a member of the committee when the productions of other inventors were being considered, not a breath of suspicion has ever fallen upon him of using his position to the detriment of other inventors. Sir W. Armstrong, on the contrary, no sooner saw the position in which ho stood, than he disarmed censure by cancelling his engagement with the Govern ment, and throwing up his appointment in the Ordnance Departnaeet. Independently of all higher considerations we believe that his confidence in the excellence of his own gun led him rather to court than to shun competition. With the other members of the committee it was however far different. Captain Scot says in his evidence before the committee of the House of Commons in 1863, that it is his opinion that the determination to make some plan of Sir William Armstrong's succeed, caused the Ordnance Select Committee to reject or delay all the plans of other inven tors. Again, the Duke of Somerset, in his evidence before the same committee, reluctantly attests the distrust enter tained by inventors generally of the decision of the select committee, and says that " many of the inventors used to come to him at the Admiralty, because they did not like the Ordnance Committee at the War-office. And as an illus tration of the difficulties interposed by the system, his grace goes on to state that after witnessing the performance of the Whitworth gun, when it penetrated the armour plates of the Trusty, and, " could have sunk her," he says, " with ono or two shots," he felt desirous to have some of Had no!.. the fanr of Sir E. Tennent been long ago established in the literary world, his Story of the Guns would certainly have brought his name prominently before the public, not so much on account of the intrinsic worth of the production, which is in reality only a careful compilation of statistics, as from the acri mony with which he has been assailed in many quarters for having simply told the truth. He states in his preface that having held a commission as an officer of artillery in a foreign service during a time of war, he naturally takes a great interest in the controversy which has been going on for the last few years relative to the guns of rival inventors. It has been his object in the compilation of this work to give a succinct and impartial history of the controversy since its commencement ; and es far as facts are concerned his boldest critic may be silent, for throughout the volume the author has fortified his assertions by continual relerenee to blue books and other available sources of infor mation. When it is the object of an author to give his reader a clear insight into a subject so little understood ex cept by professional men, it is necessary to enter consider ably into detail. This must, to a certain extent, render a work of this kind tedious, but Sir J. E. Tennent has endea voured as far as passible to obviate this by describing the gradual progress made in the improvement of firearms and artillery since an early period, and also by furnishing inte resting histories of the careers of the two great artillery engineers whose rival claims to supremacy form the subject of the present investigation. It is not our intention to dilate upon the particular forms and constructions of the various guns which from time to time have been brought forward. The Armstrong breech-loader, which, from the accuracy of its fire, and the destructive nature of its pro jectiles, was without a rival in 1858, was selected by the committee on rifled cannon, who recommended the imme diate introduction of Mr Armstrong's rifled guns for special service in the field. At this period Mr Whitworth had not taken any steps to construct a gun on any special plan of his own. He had simply yielded to the solicitations of the Government in rifling some brass guns on the hexa genet principle, which had pro-eed so successful with small arms. At the close of 1858 some cast iron guns which had been rifled by him burst, when he addressed a communica tion to Lord Panmure, at that time Secretary of War, ex plaining the causes of the accident, and deprecating the further use of cast iron metal for rifled cannon, and received in answer a letter from the 'War-office informing him of the determination of the Secretary of State to discontinue further experiments with ordnance rifled on his principle. He then resolved to construct a gun capable of resisting the extra pressure to which rifled cannon are subjected. From that time to the present Mr 'Whitworth has been diligently engaged in carrying out this determination. Sir William George Armstrong, his great rival, is a descendant of one of the old border families, and was educated for the law. Unlike many other gifted men who have been forced from circumstances into uncongenial positions, he applied himself with industry and success to the legal profession, and was for many years a member of one of the principle legal firms of Newcastle. Still he never abandoned the tastes which Nature had so unmistakably bestowed, and which had showed themselves even in his childish games, When only five or six years old he used to employ himself in setting a number of spinning wheels in motion by means of weights descending on strings from the top to the bottom of his lather's house, and in making these wheels imitate the grinding of corn, the pumping of water, &c But how ever uncongenial the sphere, or unapt the profession, where there is so strong a bent of the natural genius it is certain to find a vent, and, accordingly, in spite of his living among briefs and parchments until his 37th year, the name of Wm. Armstrong became associated with one of the most remark able mechanical inventions of cur time, while he was still practising as a solicitor. He was making an excursion in a mountainous part of Yorkshire about the year 1835, when his attention was drawn to the waste of power in a stream, which after descending from a considerable height in suc cessive cascades, spent its last remaining strength in turn ing a mill wheel at the foot of a hill. Although the force required was dependent on the height from which the water came, Mr Armstrong remarked that the portion in use was taken from a level which was only a fraction of the full de scent. He perceived the practicability of realising the full power of the fall by conducting the water in an iron pipe, and causing it to act upon suitable machinery below, and applied himself to devising an engine to be worked by water pressure. He pursued the idea first given by the force of mountain streams to the construction of artificial towers in towns, into which water was raised by the steam engine to give it the requisite " head." The result of his casual visit to Yorkshire has been known to the world by the construc tion of the hydraulic crane, whose silent agency produces such marvellous effects. Its immense power has been happily defined by a " Quarterly Reviewer" in these terms—" At the foot of every crane, under the piston of every hoist, ab every dockgate, unseen and noiseless, the power lies dor mant, but a woman's hand, applied to a small handle, will set in motion a force sufficient to raise a mass weighing 50 , or 100 tons, and either to place it in the hold of a ship, or deposit it in any other spot within reach cf the arms of the crane. With equal ease the gates of docks 100 feet in width are opened or shut, and the works of the dockyard done without a stranger being able to perceive what it is that sets everything in motion." Attempts to realise the power of water had indeed been previously made in Hungary as well as in the mines of Cornwall and Saxony, but not only were these efforts unknown to Mr Armstrong, but they were so different from his own method that he retains the unquestionable distinction of this important in vention. So successful did it prove that he was induced to abandon his profession, and to devote himself exclusively to that line of lite for which nature has especially fitted him. In conjunction with some friends he established the Elawick Engine Works, and some years after obtained further dis tinction by the construction of his hydro-electric machine, thernost powerful means devisedlof producing frictional elec tricity. At an unusually early ago he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society. After the battle of Inkermann, in which two 18 pounder guns, brought up with great diffi culty, turned the fortune of the day, Mr Armstrong per ceived the importance of giving to field guns the accuracy and range of the rifle, and removing the impediment of weight by substituting forged for cast iron guns, He re ceived from the Dune of Newcastle a degree of encourage ment not of ten accorded to inventors, and put together his first wrought gun in the spring of 1855, but he had still to go through much arduous labour and many tedious experi ments before he considered that he had attained success. He used to make his first trials at dawn on the sea shore, and afterwards occupiel a lonely hut amidst the moors, his targets being placed on the side of a valley, across which hs fired by night as well as by day, through the assist • ance of an ingenious invention of his own, His first great success was his three pounder breech loader, and afterwards his 12 pounder, which, for accuracy of range at that time (1858), astonished every enc. Although he has succeeded well on the same principle up to 18 and 32 pounders, it is generally admitted that it is in his l ight guns that the working of his breechloading prin ciple excells all others. Sir William Armstrong has freely admitted recently that for heavy ordnance the breech loading system is a failure, and he has therefore, in the construction of his 1C inch 300 pounders, adopted the muzzle loading principle, cutting the grooves of the rifling in such a manner that the shot enters the gun easily but fits the bore tight in leaving it. This is what is denominated the shunt principle, and whenever the 300-pounder has been tried against armour placed targets at short range, the shot has penetrated. That guns of an enormous size can be constructed upon Sir W. Armstrong's coil principle cannot now be doubted, when the results of Ike late trials of his 600-pounders at Shoeburyness are taken into consideration. Sir 'William Armstrong, as we have seen, was not brought up to the profession of an engineer, but his natural bias led him to follow that pursuit. Mr Whit worth, on the contrary, is a man of high professional celebrity, in fact he way be reckoned one of the first, if not the first among the mechanical engineers of this coun try, Sir E. Tennent observes that "For this eminence in his profession Mr Whitworth is indebted to a natural aptitude for its cultivation, but mainly to an exhaustive knowledge of its principles and processes, acquired by un conquerable perseverance. Endowed with a taste for me chanics, and with something like an instinct for overcoming difficulties, he developed and disciplined his powers by serving in early life under the ablest masters, Maudslay, Clement, Holtzappfel, and others of the class whose genius and ability have raised mechanical art to its pre sent high rank in England, especially by the improvement of those wonderful self-acting engines which under the name of engine tools are now so extensively used for working in metals, us well as for the production of other machines dependent on accuracy and precision. Mr Whitworth does not belong to the ordinary type of in ventors, quick, versatile, and ingenious, acting from im pulse on apparent inspiration; his prod uctions, on the contrary, are the results of slow and deliberate thought, bringing former observation to bear upon tentative expe riment, and accepting nothing as established till it has undergone proof. Proceeding with a logical severity to rest further operations only on ascertained facts, his pro, cess is so strictly inductive, that he might justly be desig nated the Bacon of mechanics. For the attainment of perfection it is the belief of Mr Whitworth that the superiority of all machinery is dependent on two elesnents —the power of measuring with unerring precision, and associated with it the faculty of producing a true plane surface that is, one so absolutely level, that when it is opposed to another of equal truth their contact must be in all parts complete. The Astronomer Royal, Mr Airey, in his evidence before a committee of the Houma of Lords in 1855, stated that the degree to which Mr Whitworth had succeeded in making perfect the planing of surfaces was entirely unknown before his time. To such a pitch of excellence has he brought it by a process peculiar to himself, that a plate of metal prepared by him when opposed to the face of another similarly treated, exhibits a contact so intimate as to enable the operat or t o lif t t h e un der one with it, as if by its actual adhesion to the upper, or if less closely applied, so that:the thinnest possible layer of atmeeplaeric air may still remain between, the upper plate these guns manufactured, and obtained the concurrence of Lord Herbert, who was their Secretary for War; but the Ordnance Select Committee not having tried et approved of Kr Whitworth's mode of rifling, his attempt was defeated." Five years have passed since the first committee was ap pointed to investigate the relative claims of inventors for the production of suitable artillery for our army and navy. In 185 S Sir W. Armstrong produced a serviceable light field piece. In MI a Select Ordnance Committee have commenced in earnest to test the relative merits of heavy guns rifled upon the system adopted in the French canon rays, and those advocated by Mr Lancaster and Comman der Scot—while another committee is still engag©d in a protracted series of trials of the Whitworth and Armstrong 70-pounders. We trust that the energy thus at last dis played may be carried on until a satisfactory result be at tained. But, why have these long years ,been allowed to pass by and no progress made, when as yet we are unpro vided with efficient guns for the navy. The answer is simply, because the Ordnance Select Committeee, like all other Government institutions must do every thing en regle, and it requires public opinion and Parliamentary pressure to move them from the beaten track—and if Sir E. Tannest has in any way promoted the investigation of this matter by the publication of " The Story of the Guns" his labours have not been in vain. Macaulay's Hieory of England. People's Edition, Part IX. Longman and Co. The most ambitious of the literary achievements of Lord Macaulay, though by no means to our thinking his masterpiece, is still being most effectu ally popularized by means of this excellent cheap edition of it in a periodical form. Five more of these shilling monthly parts will complete it. And the work will then take its place upon the bookshelves of the multitude at large, side by side with the companion edition of those Critical and Historical Essays of Lord Macaulay's by which his great reputation is most secure of being perpetuated. A supplementary volume, if not even two supplementary volumes, might then extend the round half dozen, made up by those two volumes of the "Essays" and by these four of the " History" to a seventh, perhaps even an eighth, volume, comprising the cellaucous" writings, the " Lays," and the " Speeches." Already, indeed, the Messrs. Longman have done nobly by the reputation of the greatest of all English Frose Writers, and by that vast multitude of his educated fellow countrymen by whom his resplendent genius is so fully appreciated—the Messrs. Longman have done nobly, we say, both by the great Author and his numerous readers, by the variety of editions in which his works have already, thanks to them, been issued from the press editions, cheap and costly, 16m0., Bvo,, 4t0., cloth, calf and morocco. THE SAIN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JULY 25, 1864 GREECE. "We believe," says the Memorial Diplomatique, "we have authority for announcing that the re cognition of Greece by the Austrian Government has been decided on in principle, and will shortly take place. It is:now only a question of time, which besides diminishes in importance daily, but of which the Vienna Cabinet, considering the family ties which unite the House of Hapsburg to that of Bavaria, was obliged to take into account from motives of delicacy. The adhesion given by Austria to the cession of the lonian Islands was already a first pledge of a good feeling towards the young sovereign of Greece, and showed that the Austrian Government was far from wishing to create for him the slightest embarrassment." TURKEY. Constantinople journals to the 13th have arrived. Two days before, a grand review had taken place at the new training-camp of LeventaChifiik on the heights above the Sweet Waters of Earope, the Sultan appearing in great pomp. The evolutions consisted of a sham fight, the number of troops pre sent being about 10,000. Everything was conducted most satisfactorily, and the Sultan expressed him self much gratified. In the evening the following order of the day was issued by the Grand Vizier : "Soldiers,—The arrangement of your camp, and the ad mirable manner in which you have executed to day's manceuvres—steadily and faultlessly—have afforded satis faction to our august Sovereign. It would be difficult to find finer troops than you have shown yourselves to be, and all—both officers and soldiers—have performed their respec tive parts in the moat distinguished manner. His Majesty is proud of you," The reading of this order elicited loud and repeated cheers for "Our glorious end revered Sultan I" and the "Grand Vizier, Fuad Pasha, the bAcived father of the army !' The Murder of lir Briggs. INQUEST TIUS D.Y. The coroner and jury re-assembled this morning at the Hackney Vestry Room shortly after ten o'clock, The coroner said he might mention that at the last meeting witnesses were present who would have been able to give valuable information, but that he considered the ends of justice would be best served by withholding for the present. Mr. Moojen, who appeared for the prosEcution, would apply for an adjournment, and he (the coroner) did not believe that the ends of justice would be de 12ated by such an adjournment. Ho therefore proposed that the Enquiry should be adjourned until Monday, the Bth of August, at 10 o'clock. The Foreman of the jury suggested that Mr Lee should be examined, as his evidence would be short. Mr Lee, who described himself as of Parkfield road, Hackney, gentleman, gave evidence similar to that taken at Bow• Street. He repeated that two persons were in the carriage with Mr Briggs cn the night of the murder. He (witness) went into a second class in an adjoining carriage. L was possible for either of the persons to have left the carriage after he got into the train, bat he saw no intention on their part to do so. He was present at the last inquiry, and had made the communication he ❑ow made to the police. By the Jury—He had known Mr Briggs three or four years, and could not hiva made any mistake about him. The inquiry was thin adjourned till the Sth August. Inspector Williamson, of the detective force, waited upon Mr Henry, at Bow-street, by the direction of Sir R. Mayne, he had been to Stafford to see the man in custody there, alai suspeete4 to be con• reported that, corned in the murder of Mr Briggs. After an interview were no grounds to with the prisoner, he had come to the conclusion that there him in taking him into his cus tody. Be did not answer the description given of Muller, nor of the second person said to have been seated with Mr Briggs in the railway carriage at the time of the murder. It was true that the name Muller appeared among some pencil entries in his pocket-book, written in French, and the prisoner admitted that he knew a man named Muller, but as this name way as common in Germany as Smith is in Engl end, he was not disposed to attach much importance to the circumstance, A pawnbroker's duplicate was found upon him, relating t o a wa t c h pledged at Shoreditch in June last—a date for anterior to the murder on the North London Railway. Th e inspector ex.nibited a photograph of the Stafford prisoner, which was taken there on Friday, but the face was unknown to the Iriends of Mti Mr Henry considered that the inspector had exercised a wise discretion in declininrr to interfere with the Stafford prisoner at present. From what he had read in the Times, it appeared tolerably certain tha tthe man would be in sate custody, for some time to come. on a charge of felony-, Meanwhile the Inspector could pursue his inquiries into the matter, and if any n ew information could be obtained tend ins to connect the man either as a principal or accomplice with the murder of Mr Briggs, the proper course could be taken to have the prisoner brought up to London. Inspector lierrisey, of the 3letropolitan Police, arrived in Liverpool on Friday evening, and sailed on Saturday in the City of Cork for New York, in pursuit of Muller, who is suspect e d of having murdered Mr Briggs, having Justify" Saturday, and Some pe eons, while wa lking through the park of St. Cloud th e evening b e fore last, discovered a young man han g i ng b y the th© neck from a tree. Some of them ran o iri n search of t h e g endarmes while the otherscut him down, and, after a w hil e , restored him to life. When the ge n d armes arrive d they took him to their bar racks, where h e was soon per fectly recovered. When in terrogated, he replied that most unhappy a bout three months before he was forced into a marriage, an d that having been ever since ho had deterrula ed to take awa y his life rather than li ve w i th his w if e. He was afterwards put to bed and told t o compose himse lf, but when the gendarmes retured in the morning th ey found that ho had again hanged himeelf by hi s b races to an upper bar of the window, and was quite d ead. The b o dy was conveyed to th e Morgue. The be a German. , , be is supposed f rom his langua g e to MR. BARNES,--- THE MEMBER FOR BOLTON, has laid out a park of 11 acres i n a co mplete and beautiful man nor, and made a present of it to t h e l o cal board at Fain worth, near Bolton, " for the free use and recreative en- joyment of the inhabitants of the district.'.' The yithie of this present is eatimated at £13,000, -..... ,~-: u Le Correspondant. No. 105. Charles Douniol. As usual, there is apparent in the contents of thin always able and often brilliant periodical an espe cial regard on the part of the presiding redacteur, the one entrusted by the management, that ie, with the responsibility of selection, there is still here apparent on his part, an especial regard alike to the indiri• dual interest of the themes descanted upon and to their diversity when grouped together. The present livraison, for example, setting forth with a comprehensive and lumi nous chapter, by Francois Lenormant, upon Prince Couza and the Danubian Principalities, comprises within it besides articles as various as—one by L. Villenne on Rural Economy—a masterly contribution by Louis Joubert on Ireland—a vory curious, an exceptionally curious,cri tic al sm - vey of the Classical Pouts of China—Sauveur Jacquemond's nouvelle of Menichino, and the Abbe Blampignon's sympa thetic review of the Count d'a Falloux charming gathering together of the exquisite correspondence between Madams Sivetehino and the Pere Lacordairo, There are aeveral other papers in the number, not here particularised—papers entitled respectively Jean Reboul, Les Ev6nements do Tunis, Les Vierges de Verdun with Melanges Souvenirs du Govern ment Parliamentaire—this last mentioned by the Count de Montalivet—to say nothing of four minor literary criti cisms of a rniscelleneous character, and the customary monfhly record of contemporary events. As the penulti mate contribution of the livraison, there is, moreover, it should be here especially mentioned, a rapid but compre hensive glance at the probable attractions of the forthcom ing Second Congress at Mechlin, otherwise Manes. ECCENTRIC MONUMENT IN THE SAVOY CHURCH, as described by " K." in the Athenteum.—lt is to bo feared that there has perished in this church a monu ment, with an epitaph that has often amused me. The monument, which was rather sumptuous, was erected about 1716, in honour of a merchant, whose name I forget. The sole statement of the epitaph was, that he had bequeathed £5 to the poor cf the Savoy Precinct, and a like sum to the poor of the parish of St. Nary-lc-Strand, while at the side, and occupying about half the breadth of the marble, the money was e xpressed in figures, just as in a page of a ledges with lines single and double, perpendicular and, at the bot• torn, horizontal ; the whole being summed up, and in eaob line two cyphers for shillings and one for pence. Tht epitaph concluded, "which sum was duly pail by his exe cutors," Though there was nothing here intentionally ludicrous, yet there was much to make a reader, even in time of service, inwardly smile. The contrast between the p o mp of tho monument and the smallness of the bequest which, and nothing else, it commemorated, and which it must far have exceeded in cost ; the mercantile accuracy of the figured statement, with its eight lines and thirteen figures, and the express addition of what is usually left to be understood,that the bequest was paid, formed altogether an example of simple quaintnese, which it were a pity to allow to pass int o comp l ete oblivion. PROGRESS OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA.—The public revenue of South Australia in the year ending the 31st of March, 1365, amounted to £691,545, an increase of £133,515 over the previous year, but £35,00 0 of the increase appears to be due to a change in the mode of making up the accounts. The expenditure of the year was £675,465, an in• crease of L 36,312, the chief increase being in immigration charges. Th e exports o f co l on ial produce from South Aus tralia in the first quarter of 1864 reached the unprecedenteo amount of more than £1,0007000; nearly half of it being in cerealE, aillllll IMITAro HER MAJESTY, OSBORNE, July 23. Her Majesty, accompanied by her Royal High ness Princess Louis of Hesse and Princess Louise walked and drove in the grounds. Their Royal FPghnesses Prince and Princess Louis of Hesse and Princess Leiningen, attended by the Hon. Mrs. Bruce, Major-General Seymour, and captain von Westerweller, visited the prison for females at Parkhurst. July 24. The Queen accompanied by her Royal Highness Princess Louis cr Hesse, drove cut yesterday. Mejor-General Seymour was in attendance. His Royal Highness Prince Louis of Hesse and his Royal Highness Prince William of Prussia went i a the Fairy, attended by Baroness Dobeneck, Baroness to Grapey, and Capt. von Westerweller. The Earl of Clarendon arrived on a visit, and had the honour of dining with her Majesty and the Itoyal family. Divine service was performed to-day at Oeborne by the Rev. G. Prothero. The Queen and royal family attended by the household, were present. Her Royal Highness Princess Helena is con valescent. The Right Hon, Sir E. B. Lytton is now staying at the York Hotel, Margate. The Profits of Blockade-running, The Wcst India end Pacific Company's steamer Saladin, arrived at Liverpool, has, by a casual call at Hamilton, brought much later information from Bermuda than that previously received. The ar4 rivals from blockaded ports have been large, being steamers Index (Marshall), from Wilmington, with 803 bales of cotton end 203 boxes of tobacco; Ate' lanta (Horner), from Wilmington, with 536 bales cotton, 155 half tierces and 527 boxes tobacco; Mary Celeste (Ursine), also from Wilmington, with 594 bales cotton and four barrels turpentine ; and City of Petersburg (Fuller), also from Wil mington, with 810 bales of cotton and 32 bores of tobacco. The "fleet" had been augmented by the arrival of the new steamers Little Hattie, from Glasgow, and Virgin, from Cardiff. The steamers Lynx and Virgin had sailed from Nassau en route for Wilmington. The steamer Fannie had arrived with a full cargo from Nassau, and reported that yellow✓ fever had broken out at Nassau, and stringent sanitary regulations were in force. Blockade runners frcm Nassau were compelled to ride quarantine at Wilmington. Anxiety was felt at Bermuda as to its reaching there, but up to the 15th Jane no cases had come to light. The Fannie had been the only arrival from Nassau. Perhaps it would be interesting to our readers, and apropos under this heading, to glance at the following disk bursement account as an example of the profits of blockade running. It is guaranteed as the copy of a bona fide account:-- ' One captain per mouth 5,000 dole. First officer Second officer Third officer — 160 One boatswain — 160 One carpenter One purser One steward . 150 Three assistants One cook Two assistants One engineer and three assistants 3,500 Twelve firemen and coalheavers 2,400 240 tons of coal Rations for crew Oil, tallow, and packing .. Stevedores Pilotage out and in Insurance . • ... 3,500 Wear and tear 4,250 Incidental expenses Interest.... Risks (25 per cent) Provisions for passengers.. 80,265 dole. Against this enormous expenditure we have on the credit side the following as the earnings :- 800 bales of cotton for Government 40,000 dohs. 800 bales of cotton for owners Return freight for Government Return freight for owners 40,000 Passengers 172,000 dole. Which will leave a monthly profit of 21,735 dols.; and if successful will, in five trips, clear the cost of the steamer I Liverpool Courier, GREAT FIRE AT WRIGHT'S DISTILLERY.—About six o clock this (Monday) morning the inhabitant s of Aldersgate-street were thrown into a frightfu l state of excitement owing to the sudden outbreak of an elt• tensive conflagration in the well-known distillery belong ing to Messrs. John Reid Wright and Co., carrying ell business at No. 26, in the before-named thoroughfare . The building, or rather buildings, forming the premise° cover an immense space of ground, and formed three sides of a square, the counting-houses being on the north side of the yard, The flames commenced in the still-house, en the north side of the buildings, in the following manner: Whilst the men were at work they dropped a quantity of spirits on the floor, and whilst mopping the same up, they trod upon a lucifer match or fusee, which, igniting, set the spirits in a blaze. The men tried all they could to etine' guish the fire but without success, and owing to the inflow' able nature of the stock the flames speedily tcok a sweep round the distillery, so that at ono time it was feared 11 14 t the whole plant would have been destroyed. The.land steam engines by Shand and Mason, the Princess Royal 1 1 Roberts, and nearly a dozen manual power engines of the London brigade under the prsonal superintendence of Capt. Shaw and foreman Bridges, J. Gerrard, and other officers attended in the course ot a few minutes. Fortunately Weston the turncock, was on the beat at the time, and also Mr. Sheppard, the foreman to the New:River Company,con sequently not a moment was lost in obtaining enough water from the mains to supply the whole of the engines) and it soon became manifest that the firemen would be able to save many thousand pounds worth of p ro perty, which at first was greatly endangered. By noon the flame s were entirely extinguished, but the roof of the distillery was burned off, a great portion of the spirits destroy ed, and the machinery damaged. The storehouses and several of the vats were saved, so that the business of the firm w ill not bo retarded to a serious extent. The countingh o use wag much damaged, but the books were all saved. A n E ng l - ishman named Harper, aged 23, Was Saturday tried by the Tribunal of Correctstcsist, Police on a charge ot picking a lady's pocket of her purse, containing 105 francs. A police agent stated that oil th 25th April last he was on duty at tho liorthern:Railw a l station, when he perceived the prisoner with another- .-Enr ' Hellman trying the pockets of several persons, but th ey committed no act glaring enough for him to take thet u i nto custody, and he saw them afterwards leave by the tra i t !: as he supposed, for England. Three days attewa. was surprised at seeing the prisoner near the 0 0 , 1 ' bus station of the Tour Saint Jacques, and. ° , 11 ; served him carrying on the same manoeuvres arnons crowd assembled there. The prisoner afterwards ' llcl3 - 0 to the Palais Royal station, where he recommence et , operations, and at that place the policeman caught bile to fiagrantc delicto, and arrested him. The prisoner, stated that he did not understand a word of French, interpreter assigned him, and in his defence said that • lis object in moving about among t he crowd at the 'l object Jacques and the Palais Royal was to find an omnib us t ro take him to the Madel i ne. H e admitted that wh en bo° a the Commissary of Police he had confessed that he made attempts to pick the pockets of some persons, but; d ec l ar ed that nothing was then said about the robbery 1111,6 w hich he was now charged, He said that when he left t.'`.6 Northern Station he only went as far as Chantilly With a la companion, and returned to Paris the next day. The te°; i , who had lost the purse having positively identified the ca s oner, ho was condemned t o fi ve y e a r s' imprisonmen t ' to afterwards remain under the surveillance of the pol ice ,:„.. A WITTY SAYING (Authorship Unkuowo'i t o Most of the shadow s th a t cross our path through life caused by standing in our own light. - TI T ND A CAPITAL ANECDOTE OF NAPOLEON A."*„.' 4 ,05 THE LATE LORD ELGIN.—" After all," said . 1 -' ° ":,t Napoleon, Emperor uf the French, to Lord Elgin, a l 1 Viceroy Elect, "I thiuk I have done something 6jj'a saw you in London, Russia defeated, Italy levi c s' e l Paris 's rebuilt, th e R ev olu t ion bridled, something h r ' sh —e accomplished." "Your Majesty,"—said the polite scot cti too man,—wo tell the story (says the Spectator) as it w ass t he to us, the scene was dinner at St. Cloud,—" forgets 110 -• the greatest of your achievements." "Eh I what is that, greatest ?" "Your Majesty has made of the English military nation," GAME CERTIFICATES.--in the year enue tO 31st March, the duty cu game certificates “1110/2'"l - Z 1.35,462,