The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-20 00:00:00

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA (From the Special Correspondent of the Times.) BALTIMORE, Aug. 7. Whoever would wish to sum up at one glance all the miseries inflicted upon the United States by the ' more than civil war" now raging, should come for a few days to Baltimore, for the impression wrought upon the mind by a society in a state of rapid de composition is all the more painful, as Baltimore, by its lively aspect, pleasant site, lovely women, and the mild, courteous, and cordial manners of its in habitants, is apt to wind itself round the stranger's heart, and incline him to give it the preference over most other American residences. I left Washington on Tuesday evening, shaking its dust from my shoes at the station—the dust that buries that dead city, now hot and desolate as Sahara, with nothing astir in it, save only its scattered gangs of Bedouin-like Union soldiers, kicking up mercilessly urge on their worn huge clouds, as they outkVirginian nags at a sorry canter, patrolling the lonely streets like uneasy spirits without apparent errand or object, The contrast between that stag nant, stifling, murderous atmosphere (where no less than seven persons are reported to have dropped down dead ofaunstrokes in one day, on Monday), and the still burning-hot but breezy and elastic air of this well-watered " City of the Monuments," affords immediate relief; and the intercourse with the better classes of its inhabitants, full as they are of their grievances, sets your heart all the harder against the dogged, and sullen, and ruthless determination of the Union men you have left behind at the seat of Government, and enlists your sympathies in be half of the weaker side, to such an extent that you must summon up all your sternness to be on your guard against your own " milk of human nature," and look upon matters with that calm, unbiassed judgment which befits your office as an impartial observer. A man fresh from the old countries of Europe is not, alas, unacquainted with the import of such words as " state of siege," "martial law," and the like. He has seen or heard of despotic and arbitrary government all his lifetime, has heard of Spielberg, Castle St. Angelo, Piombi, and Pozzi ; he is familiar with the most refined and cunning engines of tyranny. But in Austria, in Poland, at Modena, or Naples, all these were old and long-tried contri vances. The police in France, in Venice, in Russia is, or was, a strongly and thoroughly organised system, a crushing and killing but soulless and passionless machinery, doing its work with dull, un relenting steadfastness of purpose, going straight to its goal, but actuated by no political and only very moderate official zeal, actuated by no wanton animo sity agaitist its hapless victims. The Buongoverno at Milan or Venice had every patriot under its thumb as completely as the metropolitan police knows the whereabouts of every London pickpocket. It pro ceeded against them by order, free from rancour or vindictiveness, and its agents, mere professionals, were ns ready to serve under a green, red, and white as under a yellow and black banner. They were the passive servants of every Government de facto, which could be induced to accept their co-operation. Fonche's machine in Paris, like the guillotine, Would be as active under an Emperor as under a Bourbon King, a constitutional Orleans, or a sepal). lie—a keen-edged but mere mechanical instrument. But the United States had to improvise a police as they had to extemporise an army. For their want of skill and practice they had to make up by pas• Edon. They made of the police a party business ; they set the Union men against the Seceders; they waged war against the rebels in the city by the same means that they employed against them in the field. Maryland and Baltimore had before the war a perfectly organised efficient police. Its commis sioners were removed as " disloyal" men; the force was disbanded ; the whole of the State and city executive was re-established at the free will and pleasure of the Central Government at Washington. Yet even that new set of magistrates and agents of its own creation, even those juries of its own pack ing, were slack in working out the Government's will, and the military were invested with full powers to wage war against "disloyalty." For nearly two months Baltimore has been one vast prison. On the first tidings of Lee's advance across the Potomac Maryland was turned into a camp, the city was beset with barricades, and none of the citizens were allowed to quit the town—at this hot season, when the whole population would have rushed to the springs —unless he satisfied General Schenck of his loyalty by taking " the oath of alle giance." The barricades were pulled down 1 0 days ago, and the citizens' movements were no longer in terfered with; so that a great rush ensued to the springs, to the country houses—anywhere out of town, out of reach of Schenck, of the Provost- Marshal, of Giimore-house, Fort M'llenry, Fort Warren, and the other sorrowful places where "loyalty" is taught at so many months' imprison ment a lesson, and from which there is no escape except at the price of " an oath of allegiance.' " Loyalty" in this country is, of course, understood to mean attachment to the Northern or Federal cause. Now, Maryland and Baltimore are naturally disposed to uphold the principles of Secession. The world knows it ; the President and his Cabinent at Washington are folly aware of the fact. Their Go vernment had only a small and not very reputable party among this Marylandian population; it con sisted of those " Know-nothings'' who went by the quainter names of "Plngsuglies," Blood -tubs,""Black Snakes," &e. Gen. Schenck and his soldiers are placed here to give if possible an emphatic denial to the fact, to destroy it if practicable. They have established a pretty reign of terror. They have not the proper means,not the crafty machinery by which such a work can be achieved. But they have given political passion full swing; they have organised a party into a police, a clumsy and blundering one, indeed, as may be expected, but vicious, headlong, fall of petty malice, vexatious, unbearable. Take a few instances. A gentleman gives a friendly dinner to six guests. The party has no sooner broken up than the host is called upon by the police to give in a list of his Quests, as one of the number is " suspected of dis lnyaity." On the ground of the real or supposed disaffection of this individual, the dinner-giver is thrown i nto . prison, from which he will only emerge by ta king the oath of allegiance. A r e!. pro gentleman is called upon to pay taxes for some property he owns in Virginia beyond the rebel lines. onstrates, and is instantly grabbed for " disloy E r i by taking ~ 4 ,ntignage," not to be released except `" Oath. burg. A " Confederate an are brought in from Gettys of the lower classes steps o u t u p on screen her her balcony to look atthe men a s th e y pass , an d , to she was knittin eyes from thehelisun, she lift s u p a stoc ki ng to the captive r g ebels . ; ii been w av i ng that "fig" acked off beyond th e hn: lin s e herself a retel, and is p i steps further, another who woman othf a bett er c l ass takes Virginia. A few pity on the thirsty wretch es are made t o s t an d have tater, h and offers still at her door. She b ri ngs „t it first to the Union soldiers wh o t h oerisoners p in charge, then by their permission to themselves. The police revok e the prisoners granted by the humane soldiers; th e g o ll o e n rMlSSi°n , womanis taken up, and conveyed beyond the l ines to Vir ginia. - - - - - - An inoffensive British subject is accosted in th e h bar of his hotel by a Union soldier, who asks him t - t „ - treat him to some drink. The Britisher finds the proposal "rather cool ;" the Yankee bids him "re spect hi s un if or m." " A fig for your uniform !" s a y s impatient John Bull ; whereupon he instantly find s himself in qucd for disloyalty, and is only released four days afterwards by the into: cession of Mr. Bernal, the British Consul, who claims him from the authorities, when the unwitting offender had already been " disposed of and dismissed from their memory." A gentleman walks into the Eutaw-house, hie hotel, where Ger. Schenck has his head. quarters. One of the Staff officers of high rank asks hint " How he dares to wear the rebel colours 9" " Rebel colours! What do you mean r "Mean I Now, tell you." A couple of orderlies are summoned. The luckless wight is brought into the dread presence of Gen. Schenck. "That man," says the accuser, "comes to display rebel colours under our very noses." Tho man is at a loss to understand What all this is about, till Gen. Schenck, poking him betwee a the raf,, calls his attention to two roses in his button-hol,e. It was a red and a yellow rose; but in the dusk the latter looked white, and the " disloyalty" was th us manifest. The political General then asks his; pri soner where he got the flowers. " 'They Teet:e put into his button-hole by a lady." Just so," says Schenck, "that is another of your el-_— Secesh women." " The lady is my niece, the prisoner answers with some warmth. " She is a lady, a young lady of 14, and no Secesh we man." "Per haps you would have no objection to take an oath of allegiance to the best of Govern' ments," says the General, by way of closing the er ,nversation. The gentleman seas no reason why 'ne should take an oath on compulsion, and is wa Iked away to the Prevost-Marshal's, the obnoxicir,s flowers being left in the hands of his captors. These are merely the coma c, kl episodes of a suffi ciently mournful play. Ncw fen- some of the pathetic touches. I was yesterday in a house to which a lady had just in that moment been brought back from one of the hospitals near Gettysburg. Her son, who, like so many of the Maryland youths, was in the Confederate army, was slightly wounded in one of the great battles in the early days of July,a o n f dsh she had gone to tend him. Most of the surgeons Bal timore and many ladies have been going u pon same humane errand, and they have been b a ckwards t and forwards all this last month.Tihn-weFielideargaalisnastt the camps, I believe, harbour no t w h o e u ir nd re e b d el is p g r r is e o a n t e a r n s, d b t u h t e th d e iso d r i d st e r r es in s the ofs h o o ra p hospitals appalling. Gettysburg, w ith he atsl stench from eyewitnesses, tainted of ill-buried 'human bodies a nd the remn ants of For miles the i s carcasses of horses. The youth I speak of died, not of his wound, but of hospital fever, in his mother's arms, and the mother brought back to her home the same fever, of which she is dying. The, reader may judge whether this is likely to be a solitary ease. These are the inevitable horrors of war, and it is only a pity that nations unused to such things should aggravate its evils by reckless improvidence and mismanagement. Another case, however, is less excusable :—A Confederate officer, who had fallen gloriously at Gettysburg, was conveyed, a corpse, to his Maryland home, where he was embalmed, and intended for the honour if a solemn burial. All this had been done with the full permission of the military authorities at Gettysburg. The father of the deceased, his kinsfolk, and a great number of his friends attended the ceremony, which was per formed by a Methodist Minister at the Greenmount Cemetery. The funeral rite was just performed, when the attendants -19 in number (for the greater number of them were able to effect an escape) —were arrested and conveyed to the Provost- Marshal's, at Gilmore -house.. The offence, it .ap pears, consisted in this,—that the body had been given to the earth in the Confederate uniform the hero had on when he fell, Some of the prisoners, as well-known Union men, were released on the following day; but the greater number were only discharged the day before yesterday, after vain efforts on the part of the authorities to extort from them an oath of allegiance. Acts of more arbitrary severity remain to be re corded. Two barns were burnt to the ground in this vicinity, probably by incendiaries. An assess ment was made on the inhabitants of the neigh bourhood to make good the damages. The assess ment fell unequally on different individuals, accord ing to the reputation they had for disloyalty. I could name one gentleman who had to pay for his own ehare no less than 472 dols. For another house that was burnt the tax extended over al), the people for six miles round the spot, but the fire in this se cond instance fell with a weight proportionate to the proximity of the inhabitants to the scene of the offence. A certain amount of awkward harshness and bluntness will always and everywhere be observed wherever the administration of justice falls into military hands. Civilians at Fort Warren were confined in the company of Confederate prisoners taken in battle. But, by a strange professional par tiality it may be supposed, these latter were allowed the free run of the tort on parole, while the civilians members of the State Legislature of Maryland, and other persons of high res pectability,w hose alleged of fence was at the utmost that of sympathising with the cause of the South—an offence, be it remembered, which was never proved, so that they had in the end to be discharged, without even obtaining from them the oath of allegiance—these gentlemen were kept in durance vile in their cells, and subjected to a harsher treatment than those who had stood up fer that same cause sword in hand. I say nothing of the filthy state of those State prisons—the ver min, the odour, the horrors of the want of bed, food, and other accommodation, for this was probably owing rather to want of experience ard proper pre paration than to mere fiendish malice, though it is not easy to bring the poor victims and their friends to view the matter in that light. But what are we to think of the puerile precaution of Gen. Schenck (who, by the way, was neither born nor bred a sol dier, but who is a mere " political General "), who allows his convalescent prisoners only the most in dispensable underclothing, that in the event of their meditating their flight they should not be able to accomplish it otherwise than in the scantiest dis habille. No hats, jackets, shoes, or trousers a:lowed to any of them But I feel humbled in my own eyes in coming be fore the reader as the mere chronicler of such small matters. These mere pricks of the needle, with which the endurance of the Marylandians is so con stantly tested, however bitterly they may harass and aggravate them, are not so subversive of their social order as the lance thrusts which are aimed at the very life of all the Southern States. It is now more than 16 months since General Foster, on his way to his Southern command, taunted the Baltimorians with the threat that " they were going to make a St. Domingo of the South, and that the Marylandians might then join the niggers if they had a mind," The rulers at Washington talk as if they meant to carry that threat into immediate execution. I have already told you how in the South-west the con querors settle on the lands of the vanquished, manumit the slaves, and hiring them as free labourers compel them to cultivate the land for their own—tne conquerors'—benEfit. A gentleman high in the Government at Washington told me, with great glee, how a Northern soldier of fortune took possession of a deserted plantation, found the crops standing nnreap e d on the ground, with the negroes idle in thei r h uts en j oying the first fruits lyingftheir blessed emancipation, how the 'cute Yankee bade them be up and doing, promised to feed and pay them, and so plied th e m w i t h gentle and strong measures that he induced them to b r i ng the harvest home—a harvest which he con veye d to and sold in New Orleans, realising for himself the net sum of 17,000 dols. Now, most of the land o f Fields, houses Southern States occupied by the Federals lies in a more or less helpless condition. and live stock of all kinds are at the discretion of any man who may have a wish for them, and there is no lack of adventurers in the Northern army ready to help themselves to anything that may fall in ' their way. There is hardly an officer, hardly a soldier on his way back to the North, who does not bring home a manumitted " contraband" with him. Wherever the victorious legions appear not only em ancipation but confisc a ti on ensues , an d no thi n g elect evidently is contemplated than the downright dissolution of the whole social order, the re-coloni zation of the Southern land. This is the avowed ob ject, the preser_t task of the out and cu t Aboli tionists of t he Washing ton G overnment. Shoul d the und ertaking thee more practi ca bl e , l ess d esperate s than it appear! b question would arise, h ow are these frontier State p o ec b . e l dealt with ?—these States —this Maryland especially, t open war with the central Itriv' which wes never at v in v ernraent,and to which the best assur ances were g respected in all their rights ofe that they sh ou ld b e em l2l3 . erty, and that canswetc.tipation without I they should be submitted v t r o b n e adequate compensation! and the Marylan d 5 readily made. At the time of Lee's late invasion, wh en was supposed to be in danger, wa s given in Baltimore of the approach of the reb e l cavalry,a great number of negroes were pressed to work in the trenches to place tlr city in a s t ate of defence. Negroes were pressed in town and cone- ;ry, whether tree paeu or slaytz, field-lauds or domestic servants. When their labours were ended, all ef f orts were made to induce these blacks to en- Hat; not a few accepted the proffered bounty, and are off to the various coloured regiments now in the field; some came back either dressed in the United States uniform, or waving the star spangled banner in their masters' faces, and are now idling about town and country, daring their former owners to claim them if they can. Any slave running for refuge here at the Provost Marshal's, or at any of the military stations scattered all over the State, may consider himself as safe as a malefactor used to be in a sanctuary of the good olden times; and the slave owner who might be ill advised enough to lodge a complaint for the recovery of his property, would sooner incur the risk of losing his own liberty than be allowed to dispute that of his former bonds man. A cry would be raised against him es a disloyal citizen, an anti-Abolitionist, a man of Southern " proclivitie9," and he could hardly get himself out of trouble by submitting to the indignity of that eternal oath of allegiance. It is thus that emancipation has been carried on in the State of Maryland. In the city of Baltimore you would look in vain for a single male slave. In the country, only those for whom freedom had no attraction abide with their owners, or those who, after a first expelment in the bush, have found their cage more to their taste, and have voluntarily gone back to their thraldom. No man need be a stave here who has no fancy to be, and the negroes as property are utterly valueless. Now this may seem a great gain for the cause of humanity; and, for what concerns Maryland itself, it may imply no irreparable evil. But some justice ought to be done to the slave-owner no less than to the slave; and i❑ more Southern States this sudden breach in all domestic relations, this wholesale, all sweeping spoliation and confiscation, will prove equally ruinous to maser and servant. The most ruthless Union men have no compunction about it, and theyd well with complacency on littleless than the extirpation of the whole Southern race, and the sub etitution of Northern colonists in their stead. The scheme would be coo monstrous if it were practicable. When the Franks took two-thirds of the lands of the vanquished Gauls, or the Lombards shared the land, slaves, and cattle of the prostrate Latins, they did nothing so barbaric as the cold-blooded politi cians of the Northern Republic now contemplate. Granted that slavery was a great evil—the greatest of evils—it may be questioned whether the remedy is not a thousand times more grievous and iniquitous than the evil itself; it may be questioned whether the remedy will cure, or only a thousand times ag gravate the evil. Granted that the Southern peo were " rebels and traitors," it may be questioned whether they were all equally guilty, or whether many of them were guilty at all; yet the punish ment must needs falls indiscriminately on the whole race; granted even that they all deserve the same punishment, was there ever a case of mutiny by land or by sea in which a whole regiment was shot or a whole crew hanged ? Surely it was always considered an act of utmost severity to decimate the offenders. It is only your frantic and savage abo litionist that puts no limits to his bigotry, and ap plies his theory without reserve or exception. Meanwhile, strange to say, in the midst of their grievous afflictions, nothing can have power to subdue the spirit of these Marylandians, or bring them to despair of their sinking cause. " Lee is still unbroken," they say ; " he may yet come forth and smite the Northerners a third time. No doubt the contest has been unequal from the beginning, and the South begins to feel the exhaustion of its own efforts. But no one can foresee what the chap ter of accidents may bring forth. Come what may, the restoration of the Union is an impossibility. The South may be overrun, prostrated, annihilated, but not recorciled to its destroyer." It is not difficult to find men equally confident, equally determined, on the other aide. The re establishment of the Union is matter of unshaken faith with the Republicans, and they are ready to sacrifice to this ?heir idol, not only the whole Southern race, white and coloured, but themselves, their prosperity, and, what is more, their liberty— that liberty which, it might seem, gave that Union elk its value. The tendency in the North is towards a concentration of all powers in the hands of the Washington Government, with an utter disregard of the independent life of the States as sanctioned by the Constitution. It is on that account that. General Schenck and other military rulers are so anxious to wrench from their p - isoners an "oath of allegiance." The oath administered to public followin g —." I , A B, functionaries in thi s state, for instance, was the do swear, or affirm, that I will support the Constitution of the United States, and that I will be faithful and bear true allegiance to the State of Maryland, and support the Consti tution and laws thereof." By the transfer el this allegianc e from the individual State to the Federal Government, a reform is contemplated in the whole Union, the tendency of which will be the extinction of all local freedom. May be, this encroachment of the Central Power may sooner or later raise strong opposition in the North no less than in the South; but, in the meanwhile, the basis of strong military I government is every w h ere l a id, and the President, at the head of a million of combatants, will not be visited with impunity, particularly if, after the ex piration of the present adrcinistratiou, Mr. Lincoln were superseded by such a lawyer-soldier as Gene ral Butler, General Schenck, or any of his present champions and instruments. No doubt the day will come when the Republicans themselves will fret at the yoke they have so eagerly taken on their neck ; but will they be able to shake it off ? Yesterday was Thanksgiving -day here by order. The Marylanders were bidden to give praise for the victories which have coat them so much of their hest blood, which have damaged a cause to which two-thirds of their population are so strongly at tached. Most of the shops were shut, and a very few of the churches were opened. A. very scanty display of flags was made from the top window; but the town was quite empty, most of the citizens having disappeared for the day. The Whole of the Catholic and most of the Episcopal clergy, with the exception of the Yankee Bishop, are Secessionists at heart, and they refused to officiate. Decidedly had a stranger beard nothing of the festivity, he would have been struck with nothing besides the utter desolation and silence of the holiday-making city. From the various battle-fields there is no news. From the Rappahannock nothing but unmeaning skirmishes. At Charleston no progress. In the south-west no important movement. The heat everywhere overpowering, yet with less fatal re sults to the belligerent parties than might have been anticipated. a a t t eAO wine.mCompiegne,pTah n emd uh A "FRENCH MURDERER.—A m an name d L e f evre e fcmoi murderer r eurt havingdexpected accompani e d jrmusatncuontidrtergone the extreme penalty o f th e l aw (Oise), tmh the pretence r pd tore e r fit e en d nd a c ae farmer soufrn o named f rom Vilcoq, in his cellar, wh ere L e f evra h a d beio , e placed i t in they but ha t n h d e s farmer o f a lawyer had a to 1,400 f. i n t h e house purchasing lp l v , e 2 s idg O o ar i J m y f es e .. Not finding money onlyCaofme sold to a barbe r at Lon : ueil Lefevre took a razor, which he this led to his arrest and conviction, as the murdered 2 man'sthe handle. On the morning nam e was .scratched on g , of the execution, being brought from Beauv a i s to ccicgue' ho ascended the scaffold with great calmne ss , and at once gave him se lf u p moment to the executioners. The next meat all was over.— Gali:gn an i. AnvrwrisEMENT.l—AvoidtnEdicitv's: they always rate chronic complaints, but Du Barry's Delicious Health Restoring Revalenta Ard,bica Food, whi c h saves fif ty times its cost in other remedies, invariably cures there, restorin g perfect digestion. strong nerves, sound lungs, h ealthy liver pure blood, refreshing sleep, functional regularity, and energy t,, the most disordered or enfeebled. We extract a few out of 60,000 Cures :—Cure No. 53,216 of the Marchioness de Brehan, Paris, of a liver complaint, wasting away for seven years, debility, with a nervous palpitation all over, bad digestion, constant sieeplessn ess, the most intolerable nervous agitation, and dreadfully low spirited.—Cure No. 1,771. Lora Stuart de Decies, Lord Lieut. of Waterford, of many years' dyspepsia.—No. 99,832. "Fifty years' indescribable asony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting.—Maria Jolly." —Cure No. 16,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of biood, liver derange• meat, and partial deafness.—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure No. 54,816. The Rev. Jas. T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, " o f i nd i gest i on an d torpi tyor the liver, whi c h h a d reszste ' all medical treatment. ' In 40ti.ns, lb., es. Od. ; 21b., 4 s . 6d ; 51b ., 1 is. ; 121 b., , 2s. ; 418 aljiarrY liarry and Co., No 77 Ren•e t -saec 4• so rortn um • , o , London and Mason , and al GrOCerti and Chu/14U in every town of the tinned ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE. - NORTHERN CIRC UIT.—LIVERPOOL, AIM. 19. CROWN COURT. (Before Mr. Justice Blackburn.) Benjamin Thomas, aged 24, a powerful, sullen-looking Welshman, was indicted for the wilful murder of Mary Rowlands, at Liverpool, on the Bth of May hut. Mr. Bolton and Mr. Littler appeared for the prosecution ; Mr. Pope defended the prisoner. During the trial the conduct of the prisoner in the dock was so extremely violent that his Lordship was obliged to order him to be pinioned, and on two or three occasions it took all the strength of several police-officers to overpower him and to place him under restraint. When he was hand cuffed and guarded, so as to make any further outbreak almost impossible, he hung down his head and appeared to pay little or no attention to what was going on. His Lord ship deemed it necessary, along with the question of the prisoner's guilt or innocence, to leave to the jury the ques tion whether the prisoner was insane, or only simulating madness. It was preyed upon the part of the prosecution that the deceased Mrs. Rowlands, wife of a master in the mercantile marine, kept a seaman's boarding-house in Brook-street, Liverpool. The prisoner lodged with her for Bor 10 days, and was to some extent in her debt. He en gaged to go to sea in a ship for which a man named Cross thwaite was acting as shipping-master, and in consequence of that engagement received an advance note, which he lodged with the deceased as a security for the money he owed her. He afterwards expressed an unwillingness to go to sea in the ship, and Mrs. Rowlands, who was aware that in the event of his failure to go on board at the appointed time the advance note would become worthless, made re peated attempts to overcome this unwillingness, and told him distinctly that if he did not join the ship he would be sent to prison for 3 months. On the 12th of May she was reason ing with him in the Welsh language, when the prisoner suddenly rose,went into the cellar,and called to the deceased to come after him. She followed him immediately, and there is no doubt that while she was in the cellar with him he attacked her with a heavy wooden instrument, called a "potato-masher," and beat her about the head until she was dead. No struggle was heard, but when the prisoner came upstairs again he had the potato-masher in his hand. With out saying a word, hut grinding his teeth in a wild and savage manner, he made a ferocious attack with the formid able weapon on a young woman named Elizabeth Benbow, who was sitting quietly in the parlour. When he had given her half a dozen blows, an old woman named Evans ap peared, and then the prisoner left Benbow and assaulted Evans. He followed her into the emit and beat her very severely, and when the neighbours came upon the spot he threw the potato-masher over the wall and went away laugh ing. He was followed and given into custody. The evidence of the surgeon and one of the warders of the gaol was put forward by the prosecution in support of the theory of the prisoner's sanity. It was now urged in his behalf, by Mr. Pope, that when he committed all these outrages ho was so far mentally de ranged as not to be morally responsible for his acts. The learned counsel relied on the absence of all reasonable mo tive, on the hideous ferocity of the murder, and of the savage and unprovoked assault by which it was immediately followed; on the untimely mirth which the prisoner had displayed in laughing as he lett the place ; on the "grin ning" which had been spoken of by Benbow, and on the ad mission of one of the witnesses that the prisoner had ap peared before the day of the murder despondent, moody, and out of spirits —as placing the insanity of the prisoner beyond all reasonable doubt. The Jury found that the prisoner was sane, and on the facts found him Guilty of murder. His Lordship, having assumed the black cap, then in a most impressive manner passed upon the prisoner the awful sentence of death in the usual form. The prisoner was then removed, saying it was " a geed job." Ann Hughes, was indicted for the wilful murder of Mary n his wife, at Liverpool, on the 28th April last. Mr. Simon appeared for the prosecution ; Mr, Littler de fended the prisoner. ah bu t ns l im t sha a dle p ide p niec e rtn a es r eed e en d ut so t the habitsat accustomed the to oilfl prisoner-iuner ill-use, ,ma w pbe a ur s sse a n,c s ae h n, o dd s m tuhr a ri kne threaten e bywhich ht the t ee r h ad h e e , continued s h t i r s u w e k i f wife e, r ,his refused anede inst course edeg he e v e : ‘ intemperancer h o u i m l d a bney hanged more a n m d for e o cia n kl sl e e - h ed y ud e . de ceased, who was a sober, industrious woman, and conducted greengrocery business for the support of her hus band and herself. The prisoner had been drinking exces sively for several days prior to the 26th of April last, when ill-usage va e y gar l- lees several He then oov t ue h d : n e l sad n e l. ceased daily up to the morning of April 28, when he struck ti h o er er o . n t H h e e b t a h c e k n of her neck while she was asleep. He struck her a second blow, which threw her off the bed on to the times severely. A in i n cl ' ‘ P v e a d s c n a p ll e c n d h in e , r an an d d de k c i lying Cu the epot where the blow bad felled her, completely paralysed. She lingered until April 30th, when she died. Upon a post raortem examination it was found that the fifth cervical vertebrm had been dislocated and fractured, caus ing pressure upon the spinal cord, from which paralysis en sued. These were contusions and other marks of injury on having Mr . L b i e t e t n l e r d , 1 i foe n r k i t n h g f defence, orsom the deceased fro m th e prisoner ' s v i o tenee. e c t o i n ni t o e , n d:ls in that t c h h e a p r s i t s s o t n e e o r f , excitement that he had no deliberate intention to inflict the injuries he bad done; and that the evidence of the manner of his violence was not satisfactorily established. Mr. Justice Blackburn having summed up, the jury, after a short deliberation, returned a verdict of guilty, upon which the prisoner fainted. Sentence of death was passed upon him in the usual form. Mr. Price, Q.C., has been sitting trying prisoners as a Commissioner all day, in aid of the judges. LOSS OF THE STEAMER PARIS. OFFICIAL REPORT. G POLICE•COURT, Aug. 15, 1883. My Lords ln com pliance with y our l ordships ' diree 'ons, and with the assi stan ce of Capts. Harris and B a k er , appointed to act as nautical assessors, I have made inquiry regarding the loss of the paddle steamship P ar i s, of the port of Newhaven, on the morning of the 28th of July last, on her passage from St. Malo to Jersey. The Paris was an o f f Newhaven March, i n iron vessel of 132 1 4-100 t ons burthen, built at Port Glas gow in 1852, and owned b y Henry P. Maples, of Arthur street East, in the city of London, p t Trade l h e e ye l d s l aennd theo of Channel island and employed befor e t h e Com ee c county of Sussex, and S t . Male in Fra nce , and commanded station, running r a u s n te n r i , n b g b ear e i t n w g e d en atethe 8i w certifi catelB 5s . o f An inquirypeten Y has already taken p Com mittee t tHeeenoryf HarboursPHiesmainnidngs,h o holds of the eri a. Board States m Jersey, in reference to the conduct of Peter John Pe la Court, who held:a pilot's certificate, granted by the com mittee, and was c onsidered to be i n c h arge of the ship at the time of her loss. His coneuct has be en censure d b y that committee, and his pilot's certificate cancelled. She had on board at the time of her loss a crew of 23 persons, all told, 50 passengers, and a quantity of cargo. The pilot above named was engaged to act in that capacity under the peculiar circumstances hereinafter mentioned. The Paris left St. Maio for Jersey at 6.30 a.m. of Tuesday, the 28th of July last, and a short time after another steamer, called the Wonder, followed her. also bound for Jersey, and there ap pears to have been a competition betweenthe two ships. At 8.30 a.m. the Paris was about midway between the Min quier Rocks and Jersey, about seven or eight miles from the latter place; the weather was calm and clear, and the speed of the vessel about 12 knots an hour. In approaching Jersey from St. Maio there are two channels that may be taken, the Middle Channel and the Sellette Passage, of which the former is the more direct, wider, and in every respect preferable, and generally used. Between these two channels lies a cluster of rugged rocks, called Le Grunot, partially exposed at low water spring tide; but passable by vessels of light burthen at certain times of tide and in ealm weather. In making for Middle Channel a N.B. N. course would clear the Grunot and open the Mid Channel. The same course would suit for the Sallette Passage up t o a point dis tant about three-quarters of a mile from the Grunot, when, in order to keep to the westward of these rocks, the course would require to be altered more to the northward. The marks for the Middle Channel are St. Saviour's Church a sail's breadth open to the S.E. of St. Helier's Church, snd for the Sallette Gros Roque, on with the western Martello Tower. These marks aro clearly discernible in daylight and fair weather, and with a proper lookout, at sufficient distance to prevent damage from the Grunot. At 8.30, when, as before stated, the Paris was about seven or eight miles from Jersey, the master gave directions to steer a N.E. N. course, which would serve for either channel. He then went below for a short time, leaving the pilot upon the bridge, and in charge (as he considered) as pilot of the ship. In abet], 13 minutes ho again came on deck, and he and the pilot b ot h rema i ne d on the br i dge t ill th e ship struck on the Grunot, about 9 15 a.m., and after grating heavily over the rock, sunk in about seven minutes' time in fire fathoms water. That some one was grossly in fault for this result there can be no doubt ; and the question is, upon which of the two, the pilot or master, or whether partly upon b o th, th e bl ame oug ht t o r est. To determine this question we mus t fi rs t l oo k t o their respective state mente, and see how far they arc supported by the circum stances or by the st a t emen t s of the other wi t n esses. To begi n w i t h t h e master ' s statemen t, w hich is in substance to the eff e ct f o ll ow i ng : —H e says that when he had given the order to steer a N,E. z N. course at 8.30 he considered he had no further charge of the ship, which was from that time under ch arge o f t h e p il o t ; that he himself gave no farther orders, nor did he interfere in any way, except that when the pilot asked him which channel he should take, he replied he did not care which so that it was for the best, meaning thereby that he wished to keep ahead of the other steamer. He says further that the pilot told him he should take the Sellette Passage, to which he (the master) made no objection, and that he had no idea but that the pilot was doing so till he saw the ship close to the Grunot just before she struck. Oa the other hand, the pilot's statement taken before as an oath, is to the effect following :—That though he considered the ship was underlie charge his orders were not attended to ; that he never said he intended to take the Sellette Passage, nor did he intend it, but oa the con trary, when the master said he wished to do what was best, or (as he expresses it) " cut it short," he told him that it Lad all, alai; been. his inteution to take that chain], awl the master must have known that was so; that when he found he was opening out the marks for the Middle Channel, and too far to the northward, he gave the order to keep more to the south; that the master did not comply with that order, but ordered the ship to be steered in the direction of the Ro mandiere, and by so doing brought her on the Grunot Rock; and that if the order to go to the southward had been obeyed, even to half the ship's length, she would have gone clear. Between these statements, so contradictory, and with little confirmation of the one snore than the other, it would perhaps be hard wholly to deny the master the benefit of his plea, that the ship was under the charge of the pilot and not under his charge, so as to make him responsible for the loss. At the same time, supposing this plea to b e a d m itt e d , hi s 1 inattention to the dangerous course of the ship can scarcely admit of an excuse. He was on the bridge for some time before she struck, but ho does not appear to have ob served the proper marks of either channel, and yet he suf fered the ship to proceed at the rate of 12 knots, when he ought to have known of the near approach to danger. All things considered, it seems not unreasonable to conjecture that the master's desire to "cut it short" had made him inattentive to the caution that was necessary, it it did not (as the pilot alleges) actually make him countermand the order given by the pilot, to keep the ship more to the south ward just before she struck. I have been thus particular on this part of the care because it is with much hesitation that we have brought ourselves to a conclusion so favourable to the master. But, in coming to this conclusion, we must not omit to notice the manner in which the pilot laws have been evaded in this case. It appears that the pilot, De la Cour, was hired at 355, per week on board the Paris. The object of this is alleged to be to save time in looking out for pilots in coming into and going out of Jersey: But it appears that it has been the practice of Captain Hem mings, for the last five months at least, if not much longer, never to take a Jersey pilot, but to pilot his ship himself, although he has no licence for that purpose, and could not obtain one, not being a native of Jersey. Even so little did he look upon De la Cour in the character of a pilot, that he did not avail himself of his services, though he was on board on the passage from Jersey to St. Maio. The em ployment of De la Cour is clearly an evasion of the pilot regulations of Jersey. But there is a worse mischief still, as would appear in this case, viz., that by thus employing a man who, as is admitted, was intended to be entered on the ship's articles as second mate, it is quite clear that, when the occasion occurs tor his acting as pilot, he cannot have properly the authority nor feel the responsibility of that office; and at the same time, white it does not prevent the master from exercising his natural authority as master over his subordinate officer, it leaves him the oppartunity of screening himself for his own neglect or default under the plea that the second mate has charge of the ship as pilot, and that the master and owners are not responsible for loss or damage. There is little doubt that the master looked on De la Cour, and treated him, as one of his crew, and merely a substitute for a pilot, in order to save expense, and that, therefore, he was bound to see to the navigation of his ship just as much as if there was no pilot on board. Though, for the reasons stated, we have felt bound to allow of the master's defence and have returned his certificate —more, it is true, upon technical than substantial grounds—we have thought it our duty to express our strong disapproval of this mode of employing a pilot, as highly irregular, and likely to lead to very serious and dangerous consequences. I beg to for ward with this report the depositions of the several witnesses taken before me during this inquiry,—l have, I:c., JAMES TRAILL, We concur in the above report, lIENny HARRIS, ) Nautical Assessors. IL BAKER, The Lords of the Committee of Privy Council for Trade. THE SUN, LONDON, THU'RSDAY EVENING, AUGUST 20, 1863. Fatal Accident on the Greenock Railway, A melancholy and fatal accident took place at the railway station at Greenock on Monday morning, arising out of the prohibited and yet common prac tice of leaping on to a train when in motion, by which Capt. Francis Harvey, shipmaster, aged about 50 years, residing at 20, West Stewart-street, Greenock, and connected with the well-known shipping firm of Messrs. Handyside and Henderson, Glasgow, lost his life in a very shocking manner. The 845 express up train is always heavy on Monday mornings at this part of the season, and on Monday it was unusually so. It was several minutes behind time in starting, and Captain Harvey had arrived among the last corners to go by it, and having a return first-class ticket. The train was quite full, and Capt. Harvey being anxious to go by it made several ineffectual attempts to get a seat, and it is said that he was twice told to desist by an official. The train started, and the deceased. who was a stout heavy man, made the last attempt to get in, and while on the footboard and endeavouring to get into a compartment, he was struck against one of the pillars which supports the roof of the station, causing him to lose his balance. He was thrown down, his legs going in between the edge of the platform and the footboard, and thus he was dragged a dozen yards, his legs and the lower part of his body being crushed, twisted, and mangled in a shacking manner, part of the intestines and the 'broken bones of the legs being exposed to view. The body in fragments was gathered up and con veyed into the waiting room, and the melancholy news was conveyed to the wife and family of the lamented deceased, whom he had quitted half an hour before full of health and hope. Capt. Harvey, who thus lost his life, was master of the steamship Dom Pedro, which only arrived here on Friday last from Palermo. He was a member of George-square United Presbyterian Church (Rev. Wlr. and was in church at both diets on Sabbath. He was hurrying to his vessel, which was lying at Glasgow, wnen cut short in his career, leaving a widow and five of a family to mourn his lamented and premature death. It is rather a remarkable coincidence that Capt. Harvey's father-in-law, Mr. Watson, accountant, lost his life nearly 20 years ago by a fall down the stairs issuing from the railway platform, and that father and son•in-law are the only two passengers who have accidentally lost their lives at the railway station here, so far as we can remember. Deceased was a native of Alloa, in which place his father was long known as a most respectabie shipowner and shipmaster. His brother, who only arrived from America on Friday, and had passed the Sunday with him after a separation, parted with him on the street at the Greenock sta tion immediately prior to the occurrence, intending to meet him in Glasgow in the course of the day, North British Mail. PARISIAN VIEW OF AN ENGLISH SENSATION DRAMA.—A recent communication from the able Paris correspondent of our leading morning contemporary contains the following amusing description of a s ensat i on drama now performing every night at the Theatre Chatelet :—" It is founded on the novel of Aurora Floyd,' and is called Le Secret de Miss Aurora.' For obvious reasons, our sensation novels, however meanly they may be thought of by persons of any refinement of taste, were likely to be highly relished by a large class of French readers. ' Miss Aurora Secret,' as put upon the Paris stage, seems looked upon as a very serious and pathetic play, but I suspect that its effect upon English spectators will be to provoke hearty laughter. They can hardly be otherwise than immensely deverted at the French concep tion of an English country gentleman eating and drinking as hard and as fast as he can put fork and glass to his mouth, with his face within six inches of his plate, and, while thus devouring, incessantly and unintelligibly talk ing. He occasionally makes a very short break in his epi curean pleasures to address a hurst of sentiment to his wif e , and, when trouble comes upon him, ho sits and whimpers helplessly. Bulatrode, the dashing cavalry officer, is got up to resemble as nearly as possible a distressed tailor, but, a s he wears moustachios and a bit of variegated riband in the button-hole of his black coat, it is of course impossible not to recognise his profession. The coroner, a very bald gen tleman, with a wonderfully pink scalp, and a tippet to his coat, comes in, attended by two policemen, to take A urora to prison, but he allows himself to be mollified and calls in a witness, who takes upon himself the office of counsel for the defenc e , reasons with the coroner, and convinces him that Aurora is innocent and Hargrave guilty. Whereupon Hargrave, who is represented by a bandy-legged giant, with a diseased physiognomy, in timidates the polic eman b y tho display of acarving-knife, and escapes to the woods, but only to be there tormented by the ghost of James Conyers and other apparitions, got up upon the Pepper principle, and which are the most effec tive things in the play. Much stress is laid in the bills upon what is call e d a hop -picking festival, which takes place in a sort of forest, amid huge trees, whereon the hops may be supposed to have grown, but, having been gathered, they are of cou rse no l onger seen. The festival consists of a series of dances performed by young ladies in Scotch cos tume, most of the men present also having more or less of tartan in their attire—it being apparently the conviction of French playwrights that le Highlander' is the chief end predominating ingredient in the population of Great Bri tain." [ADVERTISEMENT.]—HoIIoway's Ointment and Pills Many aggravating sores stand ready to pounce upon the aged when an accident weakens any part. The Ointment is most potent in curing all cases of ulceration, abscess, after every other means had failed, and the sufferings ex perienced from them were utterly unendurable. Soon after the application of the Ointment coolness and comfort are obtained in the affected part; the atieitt finds hims e lf more at ease a n d d a ily becomes more hopeful as, with de- Parting pains, a visible growth of granulation comes forth. It is well, while adopting this treatment, to regulate the e - cretima of the body by moder4te doses of Holloway's Pills, which act in unison with hi 4 Ointment, anti facilitate recovery. SPIRIT OP TSB PUBLIC JOURNALS, TIMES.--The honours of Lord Clyde's life belong to the past. They were hardly won, and only for a short time enjoyed. The work was long and the reward transient. .The vision which he had had before him through life vanished almost as soon as he approached it; or, rather, the vision remains, and he has vanished after realising it for a short hour. The name of Lord Clyde remains, the full justice done at last to him remains, all his honours stand upon the register of, time for ever; but he no longer enjoys them,—they witness to the certainty with which England, sooner or later, gives her faithful servants their duP, and they are valuable to us, but they are nothing any longer to him. But though the honours of Lord Clyde's life belong to the past, the honours of death still remain to be paid. Lord Clyde ought to repose in Westminster Abbey. That is the place to receive aim. He belongs to the very first rank among the great workers of the day, and we prize now and pay the highest tribute in our power to true work done. We have buried four great workers lately in West minster Abbey—one a mighty man in letters,another in mechanics, another in statesmanship, another in war. Lord Macaulay, Mr. Stephenson, Lord Can ning, and Sir James Outram lie there. We acknow ledge a certain kind of hard work as the criterion and concomitantof genius and inspiration. Your dull plodder cannot possibly, let hiea try ever so much, work half so hard as a gifted man,—one who brings to his work high faculties and an ardent spirit. The true genius beats the dry sapper even in work—in laboriousness; for high gifts quicken the pulse and sustain the stretch of labour; they keep the man going when, if he was a mere plodder, he would droop and rest himself; they furnish con tinual fuel for the flame, constant material for the head to work upon; they du not suffer him to repose and be easy. A lower order of industrious man is only at work when he is at his desk ; his mind is empty as soon as he leaves it. A higher order of industrious men is always at work, unless he is exhausted or asleep; he carries his desk, his portfolio, his boobs, his correspondence, in his head; he has his task within him, he takes his work with him wherever he goes; he cannot help himself doing so, because the ardour of his mind keeps it in motion and is always following up old matter or suggesting fresh, and calling up hints, and half ideas, and flying fragments of conceptions, and sections of plans from the dark void. A Words worth, a Stephenson, a Macaulay must be always working. They know the importance of every piece of detail for the effect of the whole, and they know that details must in their very nature be the work of time, and therefore they know the extreme value of time, and the use of perpetual wakefulness to catch every casual precious atom that floats in the dim atmosphere of thought around us, and must be caught when it comes, or the slippery visitant is off in a moment, and beyond the extreme verge of the horizon again. Wordsworth describes himself, in one of his sonnets, as pursued everywhere, even at table and in the midst of company, by the shadow of an unfound word that was wanted to fill a par ticular place in a line. The forge of the true poet who will bend language to his own exact purpose must be always at work with its obstinate unyielding mate rial, beating it and twisting it; and the great me chanist's and statesman's forge, in the same way, must be always working. Lord Clyde's work spans half a century; it stretches from Vimiera to Lucknow, and takes in all the great military fields of this century —the Peninsular War, the American War, the first Chinese War, the Sikh War, the Crimean War, and the Indian Mutiny. The disheartening glories of Corunna were a noble but a melancholy part of his introduction to a military life, and Walcheren gave him nothing but a fever, which imbedded itself in his constitution and clung, like Dejanira's shirt, to him for 30 years afterwards. But a brighter day followed, an d the laurels of Barossa, Tarifa, Vittoria, San Seba s tian, and Bidassoa blossomed into a brilliant reputation, and sent him back to England a known and distinguished officer. A time of peace followed, but he found work to do in the ser vice. In the course of time came the first Chinese war ; then came the Sikh war, with the honours of Ramnuggur, Chillianwaliab, and Goojerat. brief interval over, and we see him leading his Highlanders at the Alma and Balaklava ; and an other short interval over, and he is Commander in. Chief in India, demolishing the Indian Mutiny. His life thus includes all the great military exploits of this century, and the unceasing work which all these spheres of action gave him was not mere pro fessional work—there was a soul and an inspiration in it, and that inspiration was the true fire and heart of the soldier, which lay at the very founda tion of his character. Everything was a work of love with him in war, because he had the genius of war within him, the spark which lights up at the thought of a campaign and a field of haute. He was a zealot and an enthusiast, not an officer merely; all the high qualities and splendid faculties which are associated with war—the ardour and rush of the mLlitery mind, its bold impetus, its generous self-sacrifice, es well as the more sober characteris tics of stern vigilance and severe caution, this whole body of greed soldierly qualities bad an infinite at traction for him. It was the standard of the sublime in his mind to which he aspired, and the image of such a character was constantly before him beckon ing him on in his career. It was this and no mere professional spirit which made his work what it was, and enabled him to go through such an enormous amount of it. It lightened the day's interminable drill, and it gave freshness to the most dry, repulsive, and tedious duties of the . barrack and the camp. All people like the details that are connected with the main object in their hearts; the end glorifies the means, the goal con secrates the sandiest path that leads to it. You cannot have too much detail for any man in that which is his real and genuine line. He loves it and devours it with a voracious appetite which, give it ever so much, only craves more. The extreme love of detail is thus the test of the inspiration of the man, and it was this inspiration which kept Lord Clyde up and sent him onward in his trying career ; which gave him his indomitable perse verance. his unwearied imdustry, his power of get ting through professional work and never flagging nnder any length and am ount o f i t; and, last l y , sustained him under the bitterest disappointments. It was the soul of the enthusiast and not the plod der which made him the hard worker that he was. Let Colin Campbell, th en , li e i n hi s natura l rest i ng place beside the great workers, and the inspired workers of England, with those men who have made this country what it is, either in science, literature, politics or war. Let him repose by the side of the great depart e d w h o, i n their different way and ac cording to their different gifts, have made life a serious journey and left grand results of it. Let him have that resting glace to which 50 years devotion to his country entitle him. It is no matter to him, but it is of great consequence to us that great services should have their due tribute paid them; and IWestminster will be all the richer in national asso ciations, memories, and glories for containing the last remains of Lord Clyde. DAILY NEWS.—Never had monarch a fairer op portunity for supplanting a rival than the Austrian Emperor had in his recent antagonism to Prussia and its King. Francis Joseph had but to outbid the hesitating and ambiguous liberation of Berlin by proposing at Frankfort a project of reform or of union which should be acceptable at least to the moderate liberals of Germany. Instead of this, what has Austria offered ? WLat scheme have the Princes of Germany and its people been sum moned to listen to ? A scheme illusive, unfair, impracticable, and of a nature to be received by the assembled Princes themselves as a political conundrum, by the people as a delusion and a snare. The first portion of the scheme brought forward by Austria is that of the new Federal Executive. The German Government is proposed to consist of eleven members, three to be chosen by Austria, three by r ruesia, three by Bavaria, and only two by the rest of Germany, with its varied interests and large population. The majority of this Executive Council is at once in the hands of Austria an l Bavaria, two Courts closely united by policy and intermarriage, both Catholic and both retrograde in many respects. Such a proposal is nothing less than an insult to North Germany, and, instead of depriving Prussia of its adherente, calculated to make all Germany rally to its side. We had been already warned that the ideas of Rechberg, and even of Sehmerling, were not sufficiently advanced to satisfy the aspirations of Germany; and certainly the propositions of the Emperor at Frankfort will not dini.nish that mistrust of Austria which prevails in the minds of the most farsighted German patriots. In addition to a Federal Executive so unfairly put together, there is to be an Upper Chamber in which these Courts and their aristocracies may entrench them selves ; and this Upp er Ch am b er i s moreover to have the power to elect one-third of the members of the . Lower or Representative Chamber. We admit that Austrian statesmen have some excuse for being con servative at home. The difficulty of reconciling so many nationalities and bringing them to harmonise in ono assembly is so great that the Attempt to solve the problem by giving an immEnse preponderance to the aristocracy can be understood. Moreover, the remote populations of the Austrian empire are centuries in arrear, and want that middle class which tempers extravagant tendencies above and below it. But Germany contains quite a different kind o f population, and quite a different field for the legis lator. It is far too advanced to be governed b y a Senate of Notables. It is far too banguine and too agitated to allow a civic minority to be kept i. w , I, .ve ei down and neutralfsed by a large ari s t ecrat i c ma jGrity s!,eured by unfair ,IrA-r-.Tm. Aut,t;ian dates mien, by their Ealvcr a prepos, lir rely ,:howu tLcip.st4Vcs as much batiusi German ideas as the Austrian empire is behind Germany in political requirements, in social, intellectual, and political de velopment. The step which Austria has taken should profit immensely to Prussia, if King William and his Government were of a nature and in a con dition to take advantage of it:; for the bare hint of such proposals must break up what is called the Great Germa n party, and swell that of the National Union. What an opportunity for the King of Prussia himself to retrace his steps, and throw himself onc e more upon hi s peop l e, if i n d ee d the Prince of Prussia had been called to Gastein by his royal father for such a purpose ! There is, we know, a convietion growing up in Germany that union and regeneration can only be achieved by shaking off, rather tha n acce pti ng w i t h a l acr ity either Austrian or Prussian supremacy, and this conviction will gather strength from the experiences of Frankfort. But however merited by these Powers, and however j ast such a conclusion, it still renders the hopes of re eneration more visionary, and commits their realisation rather to revolution ary hazards and unforeseen events, than to that re gular course of liberal action in which peaceable and sensible men may work together for the com mon good. Let us hope that German patriotism may yet have a larger future. The liberation and union of Italy was the work of a King. Why should not Germany follow the example of that Peninsula, so long unhappily associated with its history and its fortunes? But whatever might be hoped from one Prince could certainly not be ex pected from a Council of Princes, or Fursten Con gress, such as that which has met at Frankfort. The four lesser Kings of Germany are all retro grade • the Hesses are little batter. It would be idle to propose to a meeting of Princes any real re form of the Confederation, or establishment of unity, unless some Sovereign would come forward and speak less in his own name than as the representa tive of the national heart' and will. It was long hoped that the King of Prussia would have under taken that part. A few indulged in hopes that the Emperor of Austria, awakened to a full sense of the crisis, would have assumed the part at Frank fort. He has not even approached it. " Put not your trust in princes," will be more than ever the watchword of Germany. The Sovereign Congress of Frankfort will not, however, be without result. The Grand Dukes of Baden and of Saxe-Coburg will, it is hoped, have protested against the practi cability of the Austrian proposals ; and the meeting of the Princes will be followed by one of popular delegates, who, had they been allowed to meet of themselves, might have made little impression, com pared with the weight they will now bear after the fiasco of the Princes. They will be in a manner called for. They will have a right to speak. And the public will anxiously wait to know whether the German people and their intellectual leaders have no better prescription for political stony than a gathering of privileged and hereditary State Doctors. The Delegation will, we trust, set aside . theories, abstract principles, and learned disquisi tions. To state the wants and wishes of the Ger man people, and define their political require ments and rights in a few plain, brief words that may be impressed on the mind and fixed in the memory of every German—this will suffice. What Germany wants is a Bill of Rights proclaimed by representatives of the people. COUNTRY MARKETS. NEWARK , --WEDNESDAY. The harvest is progressing very satisfactorily, and wheat will be much above an average y Barley will be a very fair crop, Beans and oats are being secured in excellent condition. White wheat new, 45s to 49s ' Barley:grinding.. 29s to 31s Red do. 43s to 47s Oats, old, .. 26s to 293 Old white ........45s to 50s New do 22s to 26s Red do ....... 44s to 49 s j Beans. 42s to 44s Barley, malting....--s to —a / Beans, new --s to HULL-TUESDAY. The wheat trade since our last has been excessively dull. At to-day's corn market there was a small supply of Eng lish wheat, which was taken off by local millers at rather less money than last week. Foreign was quite neglected. Grinding barley was scarce, and made fully last week's prices. Beans and peas sold slowly, at rates in favour of buyers. Oats rather easier. Wheat.... Old white per qr, .... 47s Od to 50s Od Old red ;) Nell white .• •• New red .... " Barley.... English malting 36s Od to 37s Od Grinding 26s 6d to 28s Od Saal and Oderbruck .. 32s Od to 35s Od Holstein and Danish 3os Od i() 31; Od Grinding Oats English, old _ ___ Archangel and Riga, per st osl2o to _ 13d Friesland and Dutch osl3d to 08130 Swedish and Danish 08123d to Oslgd Beans ....English, old, per qr 43s Od to 45s Od New pigeon 42s Od to 44s Cd New tick. 4os Od to 42s Od Egyptian Peas Foreign boilers Grinding Tares ....Spring • —s Od to —s Od Indian Corn '33s Od to 348 Od Linseed, feeding 529 Od to 56s Od crushing Linseed cakes (Hull) 110 0 0 to £0 0 0 Foreign Bl5 oto 9 0 0 Rape cakes 6 0 oto 0 0 0 Bones 5 5 oto 510 0 LYNN-TUESDAY. At this day's market there was a limited attendance of growers. The few samples of old wheat shown were taken at a reduction of is per quarter. As regards new, yellow sold at from 44s to 46s (weighing 631 b to 651 b per bushel) ; new white made from 47s to 48s per qr. Barley and beans sold at fully last week's currency. White ..47s to 48s I Barley —s to --4 Red.. 44s to 46s f Grinding ..30s to 32s Beans .38s to 40 8 I Oats .22s to 265 New —s to —s I Peas —s to —0 COAL A Prices of Coal per Ton a , B. d. Carway and Duffryn Malting . 12 0 Walker Primrose 12 9 Tanfield Moor Butes 12 9 Eden Main 16 3 West Hartley 17 3 Wylam 16 6 Haswell Gas l3 6 AILKET. the Move of the market. Wails End. 8. d. Walls End. Russel's HettonT: 17 0 Ships at mark, Haswell.... - l3 0 Tunstall Hartlepool.. l7 6 Trimdon Hartlepool 17 6 South Kelloe l6 9 K elloe ......16 9 Braddyll's Hetton 17 0 Heugh Hall 16 9 Hetton lB 0 South Hetton ...18 0 ,t, 60 ; sold, 46. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton .. Aug, —.— via Marseilles Sept. 12. Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet Sept. 3. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena Aug, 29. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton Aug. —. via Marseilles Aug. 27. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton .... Aug. —. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, vit. Southampton Aug. via Marseilles Aug. 27. India (Bombay), via Southampton via Marseilles Sept. 4. Portugal.... .................... Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Aug. —. Newfoundland via Marseilles Aug. 27. Aug. 19. Oporto and Vi go .. U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet Aug. 27. by U.S. packet by Canadian packet Aug. 21. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe Sept. 10. Bahamas, via New York Aug. 27. Nlexi co ....Aug. 4.8. All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, j Aug. 2 8 . California. and British Columbia.. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Horniman's pure Tea ; very choice at 3s. 4d. and 4s. " High Standard "at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every town supply it in packets. Births. HALL. — On the 1 8 th in st., a t the residence of h er father) Hall, of a daughter. Mrs. S. U. NIND.—On the 19th inst., at Beech House, Mrs. Henry Nind, of a son. SHUTE.—On the 19th inst., at Guildford, the wife of Lieut. -Colonel N. Shute, of a son. WALTEa.-0a the 18th inst., at Long Ditton Surrey, the of Esq., of Cliff or d 's -inn, wi ot solicitor, a feson,James Walter, marriages. ALLEN—PRATT.—On the 18th inst., at St. George's, Han 7 over-square, Ri c h ard Allen, Esq., Paymaster BAT' Navy, to Mary, the third daughter of John Tidd Pratt, Esq. ELWORT/IY--KERSHAW.—On the 18th inst., at the parish church, Streatham, Charles Jas. Etworthy, of Welling ton, Somerset, to Sarah, daughter of James Kershaw , AI.P., of tho Manor House, Streatham. Deaths. BARRITT.—O n the 18th inst., at Rochester, Mr. James L• Larritt, late of 173, Fleet street, aged 63, BLAIR —oc the sth inst., on board of H.M.S. Trafalgar, Lieut. F. H. Blair, R.N., son of Captain H. Blair, aged 26. GODLEY.—On the 17th inst., atWeston super- Mare, Liell t e li Colonel Godley, of 13, L ans d owne crescen t, B a th, ag 77. HoNE - y.---On the 19th inst., Miss Ann Honey, of 10, We il. gall-terrace, Old Kent-road, aged 94. RAFFLES. —On the 18th inst., at Edge-hill, Liverpool/ t he Rev. Thomas Raffles, D.D., LL.D., agad 76. WELLS.—On the 12th inst., at Liverpool, accident ally drowned, Edward Aldridge Wells, youngest son of the Rev. G. Wells, rector of Bosford, Berks, aged 17. London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANA- ,R ,. BIVt3 of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at TH E S UN (a ; ce o t -# Strand, in the Precinct of the 3avoy 1b6,3, • in the county the pas COrr aCe,4 Sd., ratl rap. tot ai eNri e:cr In 9 hop ttie burl Off t Anv atm Bra ind a eiv