The Sun. — London, England, 1864-01-20 00:00:00

THE SOUTHERN CONFEDERACY. (From the Social Correspondent of the Times.) RICHMOND, Dec. 14. It is not too early to pass in brief review the military history of the Federal and Confederate States during the current year, and to strike the balance of substantial success gained during its con tinuance by either side. lam far from saying that military operations daring the present winter are finally suspended, but in my belief no immediate importance will attach to any campaigns attempted between the present time and the month of April next, unless they happen to include a large ship ment of Federal troops to Charleston, to Norfolk, or some other Southern port. It is evident that the Confederate authorities, represented substantially by President Davis and General Lee, are at this moment awaiting the developments of Federal stra tegy before their own plans for the winter are ulti mately fixed ; but, at the same time, the indications of the hour lead me to anticipate that the great campaign of next spring will not be in Eastern Virginia, but along the line stretching from Western Virginia to the Mississippi River. It is more and more evident that if ever again the Confederates are strong enough to make an aggressive movement upon the North, the route heretofore selected, through Harper's Ferry and Martinsburg into Maryland and Pennsylvania, will be attempted no more. It is seen and felt that another of the old cries which have been on both sides freely yen. tilated, and still more freely discarded during this war, is " played out" in the glare of the stern experience taught by facts. " Peace must be dictated on Pennsylvanian soil" has been a strophe of the South ; in answer to which have been sung no less fallacious Northern antistrephes, affirmative of a vast amount of imprisoned Union sentiment in North Carolina, Arkansas, and elsewhere, and boastful of the advantages of free navigation of the 3.lississippi, which has hitherto involved the destruc- tion of 20 fine steamers by the hand of the incen diary and the suspension of all insurance upon boats navigating the great river, Both sides have hugged and cherished delusions, and to a consciousness that they were delusions both sides are, I believe, awak ing. It seems to be recognised as a fact that if peace be ever conquered by the Southerners it must be, not in Pennsylvania or Maryland, but on the banks of the Ohio river. It seems to be beginning to be understood by the North that even if Rich mond, Atlanta, and Charleston are taken, the great political problem of dealing with 8 or 10 La Vendees is but commencing, and is regarded everywhere except in Washington as defying solution. The opening year found Gen. Lee's army, number ing about 70,000 bayonets and 8,000 cavalry lying in its old and proud position above Fredericksburg. It was seen that there would be difficulty in provi sioning so large an army in bare and devastated Northern Virginia, and Gen. Longetrect with 25,000 men was detailed to occupy the neighbourhood cf Suffolk, to scour the counties of Virginia and North Carolina, which adjoin the Blackwater and Chowan Rivers, and to gather np corn and pork. High as is my estimate of Gen. Longstreet's value as a sol dier, I cannot but admit that disappointment was experienced in Richmond by reason of his failure to effect more at Suffolk, when trusted for the first time with an independent command. It is asserted that he exhibited inactivity in investing instead of pouncing upon Suffolk, and that he was still slower in taking up stales when recalled by Gen. Lee to assist at the battle of Chancelloraville. The year, as will be thus seen, opened with what is re garded in high quarters here as a failure of Gen, Longstreet's at Suffolk, and it has closed with another imputed miscarriage of his at Knoxville, It seems to me, however, to be forgotten by most of General Longstreet's countrymen, exasperated by their galling sense of the bitter burden of war, that even if he fhiled at Suffuik and Knoxville, they have to thank him and his noble troops alone for the great victory at Chicamauga and for unsur passed gallantry en the bloody field of Gettysburg. When the fact is remembered that from the first day when he joined the Confederate army before 131111 Run up to the present date General Lon gst reet has never been off duty for an hour, but hes faced death in every form upon the perilous edge of a thousand battles and skirmishes, it may well be that empirics who fight arm-chair campaigns in Rich mond, Washington, or London may feel themselves abashed into momentary silence. The first blow delivered by the Federats in 1803 fell at Charleston. Mr. Se svard's despatches through out the latter winter had mitigated the influence of the battle of Fredericksburg by loud promises to Eerope of crushing damage to the rebellion in the spring, and the fanfares of General Hooker about his army as " the finest oa the planet" were but echoes of Northern pans over the irresistible armada which was to pulverise resistance at Charles ton. On the 7th of April the Ironsides and her eight mailed sisters shot their bolt, and in less than two hours retired, leaving the bones of the Keokuk at the bottom of Charleston harbour. And here I may take leave of Charleston by stating that the siege, commencing with the attack of the 7th of April, has not been intermitted until the present hour. An onslaught, far in 're formidable than that of the 7th of April, though less noticed by chronicles, was made against Sumter in August, after the Confederate evacuation of Morris Island. It and all similar onslaughts have been unsuccessful, and although the 200th day of the siege is now approaching, and although Fort Sumter is dismantled as an artillery fortress, General Giimore and Admiral Dahlgren are, it may confidently be affirmed, further this day from taking Charleston than they were on the 7th of April. It is true that Fort Sumter has long ceased to be mate rial as a point to be occupied or retained ; the Fecle rats want it for the name of the thing, and in their efforts to take it have lavished nearly as much money as England and France spent in reducing Sebastopol. The Confederates hold it with grim obstinacy, and with all the sullen pride of the Game cock State; but, as a moral spectacle, history has few sublimer scenes to exhibit than a fortress crumbling into ruin, rent by 1,000 tons of shot, with guns dismounted and buried, with casemates shat tered, yet clung to and occupied to the last by its indomitable little garrison. It has been well re marked that the illustrious defence of Jellalabad and of the Residency at Lucknow are the only modern parallels to the retention of Fort Sumter; but it must be remembEred that in the two former cases the garrisons had no loophole for escape, whereas in the latter the value of Fort Sumter has l o ng been merely moral, and it has been held against prodigious odds and with desperate tenacity " for the name of the thing." The interest of the operations against Charleston had scarcely died away in April when the storm cloud, ridden and guided by General Hooker, burst with terrific fury upon the head of General Lee. Few who witnessed from the interior of the Confe deracy the tumultuous gathering of the elements during the last few days of April will for ge t t h e i r fearful menace and the anxiety of that perilous crisis. There were but two men of mark in the little "Rebel" army of North Virginia, who, when the tempest smote them, were dauntless and un ruffled, and to them was happily committed the guidance of the Confederate bark through the eye of the storm. It is now matter of history how Gen. Lee breasted its waves, and how " Stonewall" Jackson gave limb and life to execute his beloved chief's instructions, tat for the death-wound of General Jackson and the /fiches of one Confederate General, a victory as erowninv as Worcester, as crushing as Marengo, would have rewarded Gen. L e e's heroic little army ; and though hereafter the t a le of battles may be indefinitely swelled, it is my beiief that Chaneellorsville, conspicuous among, all his other ba ttles, will confer upon Ge n . L ee such foino as Leuthen gave to the great Frederick, or Saler" anca secured for our own immortaiwellin ;ton. Then arose one of those embarrase.ments which are inseparable from carrying on war fr om hand to mouth, and with the restricted resources at the ce rn . rnand of the Confederate States. It was i nmedi. ately determined " to carry the war into Africa," t h e more so when at the commencement of June the peril of Vicksburg became patent to President Davis. For three weeks General Lee's advance into Pennsyl vania was hindered by the irapossibiiity of get , Ling together sufficient supplies to enable him to move. At last, on June the 16th, the main body of his army broke up from Culpepper Court-house, and cn the 18th commenced that abnormal and extra ordinary spell of wet weather which followed him into Pennsylvania, and never deserted him until he had got back to the neighbourhood 01 Winchester. It is my belief that the influence upon the result of the Pennsylvania campaign of the inclement season which converted June and July into February and March was such as no pen can estimate. Moreover, if it be conceded that campaigns are influenced by such a thing as luck, I should say that fortun e turned against the Confederates from the moment that they left the Potomac behind them. The unwarrantable elation which resulted from the easy and premature victory of the Ist of July, the unfortunate absence of Gen. Stuart and his cavalry, who took a wrong road between Wash ington and Gettysburg and lost 48 hours on the march, and the consequent ignorance of Gen. Lee as to the numbers and movements of his foe, the impossibility of reconnoitring the admirable posi tion into which Gen. Meade without any design or forethought of his own, was driven, and finally the mistake of delivering the main Confederate attack on the right instead of in the centre, where the ground was vastly easier of access, turned the scale against the Confederates, and forced upon the proudest army morally which they have ever assem bled upon any field the inglorious necessity of re. treat Irons before an enemy far too shattered and demoralised to pursue. The loss of both armies, considering the numbers that fought, was certainly unparalleled in the annals of this war, amounting, I shrewdly suspect, to two-fifths in killed, wounded, and missing on either side. Of all the struggles which I have yet witnessed Gettysburg was, in my judgment, par excellence, the soldiers' fight; nor should I omit to pay my humble tribute of praise to the gallantry and endurance with which the Federals fought. The military operations which preceded the re treat of Gen. Pemberton's army into the fastness of Vicksburg are still the subject of such angry and heated discussion that I can give nothing but my own general impression of the truth. Twice in this war ou the Confederate side, and once on the Federal, have I been cognisant of battles which were lost before the first shot was fired, or, in other words, which were contested on one side by armies so devoid of faith in their respective generals as to make their defeat a moral certainty. The second battle of Manassas was lost by General Pope's soldiers, stimulated as they were to addi tional distrust in their general by the manifest disaffection towards him of General Fitzjohn Porter and others before a cannon-shot was fired upon either side. Ia the battle of Baker's Creek, on the 11th of June, the antipathy of the Confede rate soldiers towards General Pemberton, added to the scarcely concealed aversion entertained for him by General Loring, occasioned his headlong defeat by General Grant, and led to the further disastrous battle of Big Black River, where General Pember ton was again defeated with the loss of all his field artillery, and driven pell-mell into Vicksburg. In the battle of Missionary Ridge, on the 25th of November,the Confederates occupied lines as strong as the Federal position at Gettysburg, and stronger than the Confederate position at Fredericksburg. They were driven from them with disgraceful faci lity solely because of the deterioration of their morale consequent upon their distrust in General Bragg. Reverting to Vicksburg, due credit should be given to General Grant for the promptitude and alacrity with which he followed Gen. Pemberton's shattered army and hemmed them into the famous late) laiuff city. Frem that moment the fate of Vicksburg was sealed. It is idle to pretend that General Johnston could ever have raised the siege in such a country as hedges in the rear of Vicks burg, but I cannot help thinking that he might have fallen upon General Banks and raised the siege of Port Hudson, or that he might have struck northwards and seized the bank of the Mississippi, and, acting in concert with General Bragg (then lying at Tullahoma), have materially interfered with General Grant's communications down the mighty river, It is impossible to deny that, be the cline what it may, General Grant found in the Confederate Generals opposed to him near Vicksburg great lack of energy and harmony, and that among them was found no match for the Federal comman der in quickness, persistence, and audacity. Then followed the natural exhaustion consequent upon the strenuous and protracted exertions of both parties, and promoted by the intensity of the heat of August and the commencement of September. It soon became evident that Gen. Meade had little stomach for a fight in which he would be the assail ant, and Gen. Leo the recipient of the attack ; nor did it require much time to prove that the fall of Port Hudson and Vicksburg would prove an un fruitful triumph to the Federals. If prudence per mitted, I might tell of guerilla organisations on both banks of the Mississippi, from which no craft upon the stream fails to receive passing salutations, and of incendiary stratagems which have already wrought havoc whenever they have been essayed, and which will infallibly be fatal to the 20 addi tional steamers which the Federals have recently and recklessly purchased at Cincinnati. It was at this moment that the eyes of all men turned natu rally to the West and fastened upon Rosencrans and Bragg as representatives and champions of the two armies which had thus far in 1863 borne none of the heat and burden of the day. Then was illus trated the effect upon operations in the field of an element which to so remarkable a degree has never made itself felt in the conduct of former wars. Ten years ago the functions of a journal in time of war did not extend beyond a dry record of past transac tions and a retrospective sketch of the march of military movements ; but recently the presence, in connexion with English armies in the field, of a new order of chroniclers has wafted the roar of battle home to the ears of their countrymen, and brought contemporaneous public opinion to bear upon grave questions of war and policy while the issue is still in suspense. It is reserved for this great civil contest in press-ridden America to exhibit two sections of the same nation engaged in fratricidal strife, lashed by the fervid utterances of a pungent newspaper press served up hot and hot, speaking the same tongac, and admitted to a knowledge of the inmost heart and much of the secret policy of their opponents by the constant and rapid interchange of journals across the Border. Never during this war have I observed the influence on both sections of the newspaper press so markedly exercised as at the moment which I am attempting to describe. It was reasonable tl- at the Federal rejoicing over Vicks burg and Port Hudson captured and Gettysburg won should find loud expression in journals natu rally given to extravagant boasting ; but it was not reasonable that a Federal General should be goaded into activity and induced to undertake deeply hazardous movements by mendacious newspaper representations that the army of his antagonist was a disorganised mob. And yet there is every reason to think that the same influence which drove General Rosencrans forward, and led him to divide his forces in front of an united enemy, brought him safely off from his rash experiment. As I have re marked in a previous letter, General Bragg had been so constantly taught by Western Federal journals to regard his army as little better than a spiritless mob without solidarity or cohesion that he and his Generals were insensibly led to yied partial credence to their enemy's statements. In no other way can I explain the escape before the battle of Chicarnauga of the Federal General Thomas from the Confederate Generals llindman and Cleburne, and of the Federal General Crittenden from the Confederate General Polk, than by believ ing thatßragg's extravagant estimate of Rosencrans' ability had affected his subordinates, and induced Hindman and Polk to disobey their superior's positive commands. As it was, Thomas end Crit tenden escaped by the s ki n o f th e i r teeth, an d General Rosencrans, takin g timely alarm, showed marked ability in rapidly concentration. ' his army before the Battle of Chicarnauga • but before the preliminary action of the 19th Sep tember a new element was annexed to the army of General Bragg in the person of General Hood, scarcely recovered from his Gettysburg wound, who, with arm in sling, handled his gallant division to perfection, and secured a success which produced in no slight degree the more decisive triumph of the neat day. On the night of the 19th a tower of strength was 9 dded in General Longstreet, by whom, and by whom alone, the conspicuous victory of the 20th was reaped and garnered. It is still my opinion that the failure to gather in the full fruits of (hat great success was one of the most lamentable of this war. The record of the military operations near Chat tanooga during the remainder of the year is not such as to inspire satisfaction in any loyal Confederate breast. The effect upon Federal strategy produced by the Battle of Chicamauga was marked and im mediate. Grant was promoted to the command, vice Rosencrans, " decapitated," Sherman and 20,000 men were fetched up the Mississippi, Hooker and two divisions brought from Virginia; the Federal grasp:upon Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, and other States was relaxed, or altogether withdrawn ; General Banks's expedition to Rio Grande was undertaken by so insignificant a force as to make any attempt at the subjugation of Texas, with its 237,32 L square miles of area, an extravagant farce. But it is doubtful whether, before the junction of Sherman with Grant, starvation would not have forced back the Federals into Tennessee had not the Confederates permitted General Hooker to wrest from them Racoon Mountain, and to open water communication with the famishing occupants of Chattanooga. From that moment there was little wisdom in General Bragg's clinging to Lookout Mountain and the valley which divides it from Missionary Ridge, and had he established his lines slowly and at his leisure upon the latter height, bringing all his artillery safely off from Lookout Mountain, he might have defied Gen. Grant, though outnumbering him two to one. But just as the Federals were attaining their greatest strength Longstreet, with the best third of Bragg's army, was sent away to Knoxville, and Grant was lured on to an attack by the bait of his opponent's long and weak lines. The sequel is known to your readers ; but, in spite of the discomfiture on the 23d and 24th of Nov., I have not a word of apology to offer for them when driven on the 25th from one o' the strongest lines which I have seen in this war. The best that can be said for them is that their enemy's lines, two and three deep, and backed by a powerful reserve, were stretched in alarming pano rama before them, that they were greatly outnum bered, and that a chronic distrust in General Bragg (whether well or ill founded I cannot venture to say) had sapped their morale. The Federals gained little beyond the pieces of artillery which they had lost at Cnioamauga by a victory which they had drawn heavily upon their resources to secure. An attempt directed by the characteristic energy of Grant, to press heavily on Bragg's rear was severely chastised by Gen. Cleburne, who won golden opinions upon Nov. 25, and while covering the beaten army's re treat. All attempts to take advantage of his suc cess by Gen. Grant are plainly abandoned for this winter. Atlanta is still 138 miles distant from the nearest point to it accessible by water. The great State of Georgia is thoroughly aroused and awakened, and I have this day been assured by one of the Sena tors that Spring will see every Georgian from 16 to 60 in the field, ready to dispute to the death every inch of the difficult ground which separates Atlanta I rom Chattanooga. The movements undertaken during October and in the first week of this month by General Lee's army in Virginia indicate that General Meade still considers himself no match for the Confederates in the field. In October Gen. Lee's advance towards Washington was the signal for Gen. Meade, in spite of his large numerical superiority, to make au alarmed and rapid retreat. In December an ad- vance across the Rapidan on General Meade's part brought General Lee promptly to his front, when the Federal commander, wiser than Burnside at Fredericksburg, shunned the battle which was offered to him, and slunk off across the river in the night, The day before Meade's retreat Gen. Lee called a council of war, and advocated an instan taneous attack upo❑ the Federals, who were about, as he conceived, to slip away from before him. But it was the unanimous opinion of all the other Con federate Generals that Gen. Meade, having crossed the river in search of his enemy, wnuld be com pelled to attack him when opportunity offered; and Gen. Leo consented to wait until the next day before commencing his attack. The morning came and showed that his enemy had flown. The operations of Gen. Longstreet against Knox ville, though baffled for the moment, will inevitably lead hereafter to material results, and it is my be lief that the Federals will not be left in un dis turbed possession of East Tennessee during the winter months. My anticipations that Longstreet, if forced to abandon the siege of Knoxville, would have no difficulty in getting away unharmed, were fully and satisfactorily realised. It is understood that his force is lying near Rogersville, in Hawkins County, Tennessee, between the Church and Hols ston Rivers, and i❑ a country which yields abun dant supplies for all his winter requirements. There is no indiscretion in revealing, what has hitherto been regarded as a secret, that General Joseph E. Johnstone will immediately assume com mand of the army lately commanded by General Bragg, and the relations between Generals John ston and Longstreet have always been as happy as those existing between the latter and General Lee. It is, as I stated at the outset, my confident belief that upon Generals Johnston and Longstreet will fall the brunt of the spring, and not impossibly cf the winter campaign. I should not omit a word in commendation of the ability, energy, and steadfastness with which Gen. J. E. B. Stuart has conducted the arduous opera tions intrusted for the last four months to the im portant arm of the service which he commands. An opportunity of comparing the cavalry commanded by Gen. Wheeler and that which obeys Gen. Stuart has taught me to appreciate the manifest superio rity of the latter General and his men. It cannot be denied that the extravagant estimate of the prowess and capabilities of cavalry entertained at the begin ning of the war, and especially among the Confede rates, has long been found to be a delusion. Let not the reader imagine that the irregular cavalry of this continent, whether Federal or Confederate, will bear a moment's comparison with the trained squa drons of Europe, or that as an item of strength i❑ battle they can be counted on and trustingly em ployed. It is as scouts and reporters of the opera tions conducted along the interminable length of frontier country now devastated by war that their chief utility lies. Occasionally in this branch of the service there is tossed to the surface some daring partisan leader, about whom for many coming years such stories as were lately heard about Tarleton and .Marion will be repeated round many a fireside. Such a representative man on the Confederate side was Turner Ashby, formerly a citize❑ of modest life and retiring disposition, but whose local fame, forced in the hotbed of war, scarcely yielded in lustre at the time of his death to the star of " Stone wall" Jackson. Such a man at this moment is Slajor Mosby, the most daring mosstrooper who has yet ridden on raid and scoured the border, who seems to have permanently established himself within the Federal lines, and to swoop at will upon sutlers, pickets, quartermasters, and newspaper re porters with impunity and audacity not inferior to the Alabama's, as she pursues her unchecked preda tory flight, and kindles the flames of her victims upon every sea. It passes, I confess, my wit to discern how, con sistently even with his own view of the truth, President Lincoln can so modify or distort this re- sums of the military incidents of 1863 as to employ the language which, in his recent singular Message to Congress, has flowed from his pen. What does he see to justify him in talking about pardon to rebels, who laugh either at his mercy or his severity, and who have in the field 1,000 pieces of artillery, and more than a quarter of a million tried and hardened soldiers ? Why offer admittance into his union of any insurgent State which exhibits among one-tenth of its population (slaves included) Union sentiments, and how will the issue be affected if putative sena tors from South Carolina and every other Southern State take their seats in the Congress at Wa'shing ton ? Why does not Mr. Lincoln admit upon the same terms representatives from Ireland or Cuba, when it is susceptible of proof that he has as much control over both as 'ae has over the State of Ala bama? Can he deny that the year closes with marked evidences of superiority possessed by the Confede- THE SUN. LONDON, WEDNESDAY' EVENING rates over the Federal army in Virginia, that Gen. Longstreet still clings to East Tennessee, that Gen. Johnston is infusing new life and heart into General Bragg's army, and that he is backed by all the aroused strength of the most powerful of the Con federate States ? Besides, the obstacles which from the commencement have hampered the Federals in their strategy are as actively operative as ever. No Federal army has as yet succeeded in getting far away from its water base; their enemy has con stantly moved upon an inner and concealed line of c ommunication. It will be possible next spring to throw Longstreet into Georgia or Virginia at a mo ment's notice, and without the knowledge of his op ponents. Early in next year another important link in the interior line of railroad communication con necting Richmond with the South will be finished, and Danville, in Virginia, united with Queens borough, in North Carolina. The Legislatures of each State in the Confederacy have recently been in session, and have dissolved, breathing threatenings and slaughter against their hated foe. In the Le gislature of North Carolina—the State which, of (ill others, is held to be most deeply imbued with Union sentiment—there was a motion for offering to the North proposals for peac e u p on th e b as i s of independent State action , but only two members voted for it. The Federals have, it is true, what the lawyers call pedis possessio in Tennessee, but it has taken nearly three years to give them a gain of little more than 100 miles intersected through out their length and breadth by two large and con venient navigable rivers , and in the end the sen timent of the large majority of the population re mains bitterly hostile to them. All the best and bravest of the Arkansians are fighting in the field —most of them, like Arkansas' adopted son, Gen. Cleburne, in the army of Gen. Bragg—and because, out of a population scarcely exceeding 400,000 souls, of whom one-third are slaves, there are not found men enough to hold the soil against a few scattered Federals, it is claimed, forsooth, that Arkansas is loyal to the Union ! _ _ Could some power bestow upon President Lin coln and his advisers the gift of seeing themselves as others see them, what a picture would their handiwork, as read in this once happy and fa voured continent of North America, present to their view ! A broad belt of devastation sweeps for hundreds of miles along the frontier which separates the exasrerated combatants, and within its precincts fire and sword and havoc and rapine have done their worst. In no other words can the desolation of Northern Virginia and Tennessee find such forcible exposition as in those of the prophet Joel :—" That which the palmerworm hath left hath the locust eaten, and that which the locust bath left hath the cankerworm eaten, and that which the cankerworm hath left hath the caterpillar eaten." Behind, a gloomier vision ascends. The whole land groans with dungeons and bastiles—in the North 34,000 Confederates, in the South nearly 20,000 Federals languish in imprisonment—in both sections an un known number of suspected and often unoffending civilians and women pay the penalty of impu ted opinion. In the North, Johnson's Island, Forts Warren, Lafayette, Dela warre, and APHenry, Camp Chase and Camp Douglas are words of terror known throughout the civilised globe; in the South, Castle Thunder, and the Libby Prison, Belle Isle, Danville, and Americus are choking with pri soners, and there is a cry for increasing pri son accommodation. Where, it may well be asked, will it all end l' Is the precarious tenure of Tennessee, which may be wrested from him any day, and which is substantially all the success which his armies have gained this year, suf ficient tojustify President Lincoln in continuing the anguish of so large a portion of the human race for yet another year! THE ALLEGED MURDER AT HITCHIN, Yesterday morning Samuel Wabey, aged about 33, and Joseph Harmer, aged 11, were brought up before the magis trates at Hitchin, charged with stealing £S or £9 from the pers',,n of E sward Foreman on the nibht of Monday, the 11th inst. Thos. Currell, a labourer, the first witness exa mined, said he left his house about 25 minutes past 7 to go from Gusmore to Preston. At the b Atom of Preston-hill he saw a a:an lying on the righthand side of the road on his right side, with his feet towards the palings and his head in the roadway. He said, " ake up I dont be lying here." The man did not answer, but breathed hard as if snoring, and the witness thought he was drunk. After he had left him about 10 minutes, and had nearly got as far as the Chequers publichouse, he met the two prisoners. Wabey went on with the lad (the other prisoner) towards Gosmore, and the witne es the other way towards Preston. Fredk Sharp, of Preston, saw Mr. Foreman en the evening of Monday, the 11th, just after 7. He was riding in his mule cart by Preston, and the mule was trotting when he passed, but about 50 yards further on he went faster, and witness thought the animal had broke into a gallop, and it seemed to keep on so far as ho could hear it go. Samuel Brown, a grocer at Gosmore, said he left his house on Monday evening about 7, and after going about 500 yards on the road to wards Hitchin a white mule or pony and cart pissed very fast. He had to jump into the ditch to get out of the way, There was no one in the cart. Maria Harvey, of the 'White Horse Inn, Hitchin, said that on Monday evening the pri- soner Wabey came to her house and had a pint of beer, of which he drank part, and then ordered another. He offered a sovereign in payment, but she had no t c hange, and asked him if he had any smaller money to give her. He gave her a shilling, saying, "If it's known they'll say I've got too much money." Mary Kingley said that the prisoner lived in one of her husband's cottages. He owed back rent, which he was paying up in weekly instalments, and on. Monday evening he called and paid her 6s. about 9 o'clock. Superintendent William Pangbourne stated that on the morning of Tuesday, the 12th, he received information of Mr. Foreman's death. He told Wabey wnen he was taken into custody, that he was charged with the robbery, and he admitted that Currell had met him and told him the man was lying drunk in the road, but that he (Wabey) p assed down there and saw no one. Witness told the boy the charge separately, and he made a similar statement to that made by Wabey. On Sunday morning last witness went to Wabey's house and saw his wife. He asked her as to a sovereign which he had found out she had changed, and she produced an umbrella she had bought and said she had only Is. 6d. more. She refused to say where she got the sove reign. 'Witness was upstairs at that time, and there was a woman's dress hanging up in the room which the prisoner's wife owned to be hers. She said theto was nothing in it, and witness felt in the ordinary pocket but found nothing. On a more minute examination, however, he discovered a small pocket under the band apparently made for the pur pose, in that pocket there were four sovereigns, two wrapped up in one piece of rag and two wrapped in another. There was also a receipt for 10e. she had given a Miss Marks, in part payment of an old account, on Tuesday morning. Police-constable Young deposed that by Superintendent Pangbourne's orders he searched the house minutely, and under the bed found a slop jacket, which the prisoner Wabey's wife said belonged to her husband. There were marks of blood on one sleeve and inside the band. The witness took the jacket away. It was shown to Wabey, who said he had wiped his nose, which had been bleeding, on it on the Monday, while he was at work. On Sunday' afternoon the boy said to witness " We did meet Currell, and he told us there was a man lying at the bottom of the hill, and when we got to the bottom we saw him and stopped. Wabey touched him and said Halloo I' Ile did not move or speak. Wabey gave me the tools he was carrying, a hay knife and needle, and the man at that time was lying on his face. Wabey turned him over and said, " I I don't know him.' Wabey put his hands in the man's pockets, and told me to go on. I went on two or three yards. I saw him pull something out of the man's pockets, and he c ame then running after me and said, ' I have got the -- money.' The man's face was covered with blood , and the gro und was very bloody. Wabey did not knock him or kick him." The prisoner Wabey said, "The last stateme n t i s quite untrue." The boy immediately said, " It is quite true what Mr. Young has said, and I told him so." Mr. Super ! intendant Pangbourne asked for a remand, as that was all the evidence he was prepared with, which was granted. No HOME complete without a WILCOX AND GIBBS' SEWING-MACHINE. Simple, compact, efficient, durable, and noiseless. Warranted to fulfil all the requirements of a perfect family machine. Prospectus free on application at No. 135, Regent-street, W.—[ADVT.] [AnvEnTISEMENT.]—COnStUnptiOn, all nervous, bilious liver, and stomach complaints, is every stage, are only ag pAerraftecietalyrcuoroadb,laesbryrDovuedribayrryt'lsouhseaailltahs r o e: c t o a r s i e n s g gravate 1 and accelerated by drugs of every description, but been considered hopeless. We quote a few.—Cure No. 62,911. which h alC h n a t d a Miss Lange, 18 years of age, cured after the medical men had abandoned all hopes of her recovery from the last stage of pulmonary consumption, with fearful cough, expectoration; exhaustion, spitting of blood, perspirations, hollow cheeks, emaciated to a skeleton. She is now, thank God, a perfectly healthy, blooming, fleshy girl,—N. Lange, FareCommiss de Police. Cure, No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of . l Surrey, of thtrty years' diseased lungs, sPitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial deafness. —Cure, No. 47,12 . 1. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion; gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure, No. 54,816. lhe Rev. James T. CaMPbe l l , Fakenham , No rf o lk, o f indigestion and torpidity of the liver, vrbich had resisted a ll medical reatment. In tins, 11b, 2s Vd 45 rd ; 51b, 11s; 121 b, 225; 241 b, 40s. Barry du Bariy and W., No. 77, Regent-street, London ; also Fortnum and Mason; and all grocers and chemists in every town of tbo United Kingdom. , JANUARY 20, 1864, STATE OF TRADE, MANCHESTER, Jan. 19.—Unfavourable commercial and political advices have almost paralysed the yarn and cloth market. In shipping yarns the amount of business done to-day has been very small. Offers have been made for considerable quantities for China and the Mediterranean, but at prices too low to lead to business. Some trade yarns are apparently flatter than those suitable to shippers, and prices have declined more in proportion. Sellers say there has been scarcely business enough to test prices, and that the irregularity prevailing among spinners renders it almost impossible to state with accuracy, or in fact so as not to mislead, what the extent of decline has been. One of our leading mercantile houses states the decline in cop yarns is equal to id. per lb. on all descriptions, as compared with the rates of last Friday. In the cloth market buyers have been keeping quite aloof from business, and have not even been making offers. Under these circumstances it is diffi cult to arrive at a correct quotation of prices, but there is no doubt that if sales had to be pressed they would have to be made at a considerable reduction on last week. The chief cause of depression is the state of affairs between Denmark and Germany, added to which the fears enter tained as to the alteration of discounts exert no inconsi derable influence. The impression before alluded to in our trade reoorts as to the future prices of cotton also continue to affect business in the market. It would be seen by Mr. Farnall's and Mr. Maclure's reports to the Central Executive Relief Committee yesterday that the number of applicants for relief in the week ending the 9th inst. had increased by upwards of 10,000 persons, owing to the closing of mills, and there is reason to fear that the number will go on increasing for some time to come. Well informed people say that the number thrown out of work for some weeks to come will exceed anything that has yet taken place. At Stockport one of the largest mills in the district is going from six to two days per week. At Blackburn it is estimated that 5,000 looms are about to be stopped. At Accrington, Darwen, Stalybridge, Ashton, Glossop, Hadfield, and Mottram, and many other places, spindles and looms are likely to be stopped altogether, while a great addition is likely to be made to those on short time. On all hands we hear that trade does not pay, and that spinners and manufacturers in many cases are becoming too impoverished to continue their present risks. Messrs. John Slagg and Co. report of the cloth market of this day :—" We have again to report a very inanimate market, buyers appearing more than ever determined to do as little business as possible. Prices are nominally the same as on Tuesday last, and we make no change in our quotations, but it offers were made for quantities, no doubt some concessions would be made by sellers." LEEDS, 19th—There has been a moderate attendance at the cloth halls this morning, both of buyers and sellers, but the market was very quiet. The weather, being wet and sloppy, operates against the spring trade, and to-day's pur chases were chiefly miscellaneous, no great quantity being taken of any particular class of goods. This applies to business in the coloured cloth hall. In the white cloth hall a moderate amount of business was done in mediums in the balk state. There is no change in the report from the manu facturers in the outlying districts, most of whom keep well employed. Goods and wool alike keep steady. The flax trade is steady, and a goed demand is experienced for yarns and thread. BARNSLEY, 19th,—The linen trade just now is fully as brisk as it has been for some months past, and for several description of goods there has been a very fair demand. This has been more particularly the case with regard to skeetings ; some of the manufacturers, however, not having ' a superabundance of the required reeds and healds, and there being nu certainty of the demand continuing, they have not given out so much work as they otherwise would have been warranted in doing under the circumstances. The damask trade has been dull for some time past, owing in a considerable degree to the continued high price of yarns, Huckabacks, glass-cloths, and common diapers are in moderately good request, as are window-ticks, for blinds, of cotton and worsted warp. Little or nothing doing in shirtings and bedtickings. The latter branch of the trade would appear as if it was leaving the town alto gether, judging from the little done in it. There has not been much done lately in drills by the hand, while by power there has been a tolerably fair trade. Crumb•clotbs have risen considerably of late, and there is every prospect of prices remaining firm. Drabbets have improved, while there has been but little doing in the fancy trade. Most of the handloom weavers are tolerably well employed, but the class of goods on which they aro engaged being of low qua lity the amount earned by them is small. Bleachers con tinue to be well employed, not being altogether dependent on the town. NOTTINGHAM, 19th,—There was a rather better attend ance at this Exchange-hall to-day, but the demand for lace yarns was quiet. A small share of business was done, and recent rates may be quoted. Tho demand for hosiery yarns was also inactive, and the sales made were at former terms. Silks remain at the old prices. As the season advances it is expected that rates will advance. There was not much de mand for brown nets, and prices are without any material alteration. ROCHDALE, 'lBth.—There has boon more animation in the flanmd market to-day than for some weeks past. A fair amount of both plain and fancy goods were sold, and rather more business was also done in Yorkshire goods. Prices are steady and firm. The wool market was not brisk, but prices are well maintained by the dealers. Manufac turers buy cautiously, and mostly to supply their immediate wants only. MURDER BY THE GAROTTE. Yesterday afternoon Mr. H. Raffles Walthew, the Deputy Coroner for Middlesex, resumed an inquiry at the George the Fourth tavern, Green-street, Bethnal-green, respecting the death of Matilda Moore, aged 54 years, who died from violence committed by a man unknown. The deceased was the wife of a corn chandler, of No. 96, Green-street, near Victoria-park, and on the night of the 26th of March last, while in her husband's shop, she was attacked by a young man, apparently about 20 years of age. He seized the de ceased by the throat and robbed her, but after he had gone the purse and money he had taken, with his coat and scarf, were found on the floor in the shop. The neighbours, who were alarmed by Mrs. Moore's screams, rushed out of their house to assist her, but the man escaped. David Hughes, 111 K, said that he recollected passing the house on Thurs day evening, the 26th of March last, about half-past eight o'clock, while on duty, and seeing a crowd standing in front of Mr. Moore's shop. He asked the cause of the dis turbance, when he was informed that Mrs. Moore had been robbed by a man who had gone down Green-street. The witness went in pursuit of a person running away. Upon reaching Cranbrook-street, near Twig-folly bridge, he lost sight of him. The witness returned to the house, and ascertained that a young man had been to Mr. Moore's shop to make a purchase of some oats for a goat. After selecting the best sample he rushed at Mrs. Moore, who was alone in the shop, and seized her by the throat. He took her purse away from her, but afterwards threw it at her. She seized him by the sleeve of his coat, which came off in the struggle, He also left a red-coloured scarf in the shop. A. full description of the delinquent hail been circulated, but he had not been discovered. One young man had been apprehended, but Mrs. Moore (the deceased) could not identify him. He was accordingly discharged. Sergeant Unstin, 3 K, said that he had been engaged in the case, and although he had received the coat and scarf from Mr. Moore he had not been able to get any clue to the man, who had a scar under his left eye, and wore eyelet-holed books. Inspector Driesen, of the Bethnal-green police-sta -1 tion, stated that ho had employed a full staff of detectives in the case, but could not get any clue to the suspected persDn. He had seen the deceased several times before her death, and she had said to witness, "If I were to see the man I could not identify him." Dr. 'Moore, of Charles-terrace, Bethnal-green, said that he had made a post mortem exa mination of the body, and found the windpipe considerably thickened. One of the thyroid glands was very much en larged and inflamed. Portions of the trachea and windpipe were ossified. The lungs were also dilated from inflamma tion, and the heart was double its natural size, The other organs were perfectly healthy. The injuries were no doubt the cause of death, and had been inflicted by violence or great pressure upon the windpipe. After some further evi dence, the d3pu'y coroner remarked upon the extraordinary nature of the case, which, in his opinion, was clearly one of wilful murder. The jury unanimously agreed with him, and the foreman said it was their wish that the deputy coroner should write to the Home Secretary, with a view of getting a reward from Government for the apprehension of the of fender. A verdict of wilful murder against some male per son unknown for killing and slaying Matilda Moore was then returned, and the deputy coroner said that ho would at ones communicate with Sir George Grey on the subject. The inquiry then terminated. SCHOOLS OF DESIGN.—" The collection of watches shown byMr. Benson is a large, and at the same time an in teresting one, and considerable attention has been paid by the exhibitor to the decoration of the cases. Many of them are extremely elegant in th e design, and were the results of - prizes offered by Mr. Bens on to the pupils of the South Ken sington Schools of Design." —Morning Post, Sept. 29, 1862. Chronometer, duplex, lever, horizontal, repeaters, centre seconds, keyless, split seconds, and every description of watch, adapted to all climates. Benson's illustrated pam phlet on watche, free by post for two stamps, contains a short history of watchmaking, with prices, from 3 to 201 guineas each. It acts as a guide in the purchase of a watch, and enables thore who live in any part of the world to select a watch, and have it sent safe by post. Prize medal and honourable mention, classes 33 and 15. J. W. Benson, 33 and 34, Ludgate-hill, London. Established 1719. Watch and clock maker, by special warrant of appointmen s , to MILLI. the Prince of Wales. THE CHARING- CROSS RAILWAY.—At the Lord Mayor's Court, yesterday , in the case of " Go och and C ous ins v. the Charing-cross Railway," a sum of £ 3 , 500 was awarded as a compensation for premises in the City required by the company. THE ACCIDENT TO TIIE SHIP FORAIBY.—It will be gratifying to shippers of goodb in the Formby, bound from Liverpool to Calcutta, and which had put into Lisbon, to know that the vessel is "all right." A despatch rece ived in Liverpool yesterday (Monday) says :—" Pumps freed; timbers cleaning for survey; complete repairs in a week; makes no water in port; at sea doubtful." SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—The magistrates of Derbyshire have re plied in a spirited letter to Sir G. Grey's commu nication of January 8, and urges the propriety of a further inquiry into Townley's case. A grave protest of this kind from a responsible body charged with judicial functions is a very different thing from noisy allegations of partiality and injustice. We are willing to give the Home Secretary due credit for resisting the poplar clamour against the execu tion of Wright. The petitions on his behalf, though nominally founded on the merits of the case, were notoriously inspired by an illogical notion that, un less Wright were spared Townley ought to have been hung. The truth was there was no similarity whatever between the reasons alleged in mitigation of the two sentences. Both murders, it is true, were committed in a fit of passion, though Townley's crime was probably the more deliberate of the two; but the plea of insanity was raised in the one, and never suggested in the other. This fact alone con stitutes a broad and impassable distinction, but a far more important difference remains to be stated. Sir G. Grey had, or believed himself to have, no discretion as to respiting Townley; while in com muting the sentence of Wright he must have acted on hie own sole responsibility , contrary to theopinion of the judge. In declining, therefore, to flinch from the performance of a most painful duty, and still more in silencing with becoming dignity the hints of mob law which mingled with appeals for mercy, he deserved the respect if not the gratitude of the public. It remains to be seen whether he will show equal firmness in dealing with the wholly indepen dent and still more difficult question now submitted to him. That question is in substance whether the reprieve of Townley is to be considered final, or whether his sanity, and consequently his liability to capital punishment,is still a proper subject for inves tigation. In support of this conclusion the Derbyshire magistrates allege several arguments of very un equal force. They object, first, to the Report of the Commissioners in Lunacy, not on the ground that these gentlemen were deficient in any qualification for their office, but because their proceedings were ex parte and secret. Why, they ask, should an inquiry affecting life and death be less public than one which concerns property only ? To this it might be answered that the defect, if any, is in the law, and that Sir G, Grey did not employ the Com missioners as judges, or even as assessors, but'only as the advisers of his own conscience. It is needless, however, to dwell upon this point, for although one passage in Mr. Waddington's first letter would seem to imply that the removal of Townley to Bethlehem was consequent, in some degree, upon the Commissioners' Report, a reference to the Re port itself shows that a contrary decision would have been justified by it. The Commissioners, speaking psychologically, " cannot consider him to be of sound mind ;" but they expressly observe that he acted throughput quite consistently with his depraved views of right and wrong, " and with a full sense of what they involved." They record their deliberate opinion that he was justly convicted at the trial under the rule of law laid down by Baron Martin, and that any slight difference that has been remarked in his mental state since the conviction has been an improvement. We think the magistrates are fully entitled to quote this docu ment as a confirmation of their own view, and that for the present purpose they can well afford to waive any exception to the Commissioners method of pro cedure. The next issue which they raise is far more serious and practical. Granting that the Home office acted, not on the recommendation of the Com missioners, but on the certificates signed under the Act 3d and 4th Victoria, cap. 54, how far were these certificates valid, and what is their legal effect ? It may be true, as the magistrates state, that the second of these certificates, being forwarded from Derby after the order of respite had been re ceived, cannot have been the motive which pro duced that order. This may throw a doubt upon Mr. Waddington's accuracy, but does it impair the validity of the certificate itself as an authonify for acts afterwards done in pursuance of it? The sta tute says that it shall be lawful for two Justices of the Peace, with the aid of two physicians or sur geons, to inquire into the insanity of a prisoner, and Unit it they shall duly certify his insanity it shall be lawful for the Secretary of State to direct him to be removed to a lunatic asylum. These conditions were fulfilled when the second certificate came into Sir George's hands, and though the reprieve may have been sent off on receipt of the first, the only question now is whether the warrant for his con finement at Bethlehem was subsequent to the receipt of the second. Such being the true bearing of this matter, we may pass over the alleged technical flaws in the first certificate—viz., its being dated on a Sunday, and its being signed by borough magistrates who had no jurisdiction in a county gaol. We doubt whether either objection could be sustained, but if the Home Secretary takes his stand on the second certificate, neither can arise ; whereas, if both were set aside, it would still be possible for Townley's friends to procure a third. Nor can we go into the circumstances tending to show that the certificates, or either of them, could never have been procured had the object of them been known to the visiting justices, and to one of the medical men who signed them. We entirely believe, and have always believed, that Townley owes his hairbreadth escape to the adroitness of his solicitor—in other words, to " means accessible to the rich, but inaccessible to the poor." It is an advantage of which those who can command money and possess devoted friends cannot be deprived; all that the law can do is to see that it is not abused. In our judgment, the magistrates suc cessfully dispose of the precedent of Clarke, which Sir G. Grey adduced to prove that no such in equality could exist. What they have not done is to exhibit clearly the strongest ground upon which their demand for a fresh inquiry me: be rested. The same Act, and the same section, vitich pro vides for the detention in a lunatic asylum Pf a criminal found to be insane after his conviction prescribes also the limit of that detention. He is to remain in custody " until it shall be duly certified to one of her Majesty's principal Secretaries of State, by two physicians or surgeons, that such person has become of sound mind, whereupon the said Secre tary of State is hereby authorised . . . to issue his warrant to the keeper orother person having the care of any such asylum . . . directing that such person shall be removed back from thence to the prison or other place of confinement from which he or she shall have been taken." There can be no reasonable doubt, we presume, that the intention of this clause is to provide for the temporary incar ceration of a criminal lunatic, and to place him, whenever his sanity shall have been ascertained, in precisely the same position as to punishment as before. A lunatic who was sane when he com mitted murder deserves hanging ; and the only rea son given by Blackstone, or that can be imagined, for not carrying out the sentence pending his malady is, that the infliction of death upon one no longer capable of making his peace with Heaven would be a public scandal. Now, we have these facts before us. The jury, the judge, the surgeten to the gaol, the governor of the gaol, and Sir G. Grey himself concur in affirming Townley's legal insanity when he murdered Miss Goodwin ; and we may add that his own letters were not only most sensible, but utterly inconsistent with the theory of the defence. We have also the most positive testi mony, including that of the Lunacy Commissioners, that he was, to say the least, not less sane after his conviction than at the date of his crime. Persons already committed to a belief—let us assume an honest belief—in his insanity took upon them selves the task of certifying in his favour. Their certificate was contrary in its tenour to that of the Lunacy Commissioners, unless the insanity which they meant to attest was of that kind which the law does not recognise. Is Sir G. Grey, who has emphatically declared that the capital sentence is " respited but not commuted," precluded from issue ing, or rather is it not his duty to issue, a new Com mission of Inquiry, and to act upon the result ? '('his is the question which he has now to consider. We think, with the magistrates, that the aid of F°sT.--dtaerrstdhhwteeoe Parliament should be solicited to prevent such a miscarriage of justice for the future, but no altera tion iu our system could be allowed to affect a pri soner retrospectively. We have to deal with Townley's present state of mind according to the present law. When the letter of it was strained in his favour the Home Secretary felt compelled to obey it ; will he scruple to enforce it when the letter and spirit are alike invoked in the interest of public anticipated,h aveambassadorsdemandsquitted tt made ed hcoe b foe y put Austriaehnehaformer rejected nf. a n Th d dphy Prus siaaoEotw tee the justice amraerhave, rkae:pa ? eoi Danish s w G i o t y h e Government ent ultimatum s h oul d submitted t g t r e e bd use com pliance.. help expressing some astonishment on s e t Austria and Prussia is not surprising; but one it by can nottheextraordinary precipitation with which the_ latter have suspended diplomatic re r lations with . the f Danish Court. The Dano-German long standing, but only five days management into their own the two leading States of the Confederation took its hands.alhaanv e elapse dispute l s a ed e i s l y i s n since Thursday last the Austrian and Prussian represen tatives propos e d to th e Di et to require f rom Den mark November Constitution, and, in u occupy Schleswig. It now appears that immediately on that proposal being rejected, the Cabinets of Vienna and Berlin instructed their representatives at Copenhagen to make, in their names, a similar demand. On Saturday the ultimatum in the form of an iden tical note, i'was presented by the Austrian and Prussian Envoys to the Danish Government, and two days were allowed for consideration. The time expired on Monday, when the Danish Cabinet for- merly refused to comply with t he demands of th e . two Powers, and thus within fi ve da y s foul tile time when Austria and Prussia assumed an lod e ' theLu d pendent attitude diplomatic relations between and Denmark have been completely suspend% Now, however hostile the two Great Powers r e , !J c , be to Danmark, it is impossible on that groune4o explain the extraordinary eagerness they bane manifested to make the quarrel with that killgther a personal one (so to speak) with themselves " • n g than with the German Confederation. Aeslitilt, i; that their sole object was to crush Dennlet'lle stands to reason that that object would be f at o f easily attained with than without the aseista t' nce the other German Powers. Austri a and Prussia the most powerful States in the Confederation' but their military strength is n ot so overiebel,nlj. ing as to enable them to despise the i n e s ! l/8 a , sit ante which the other German Powers a re 11 3 ' position to grant. We must consequently 10 a little farther to discover the explanation of t d , singular course which they have now en a bled Their chief object undoubtedly is to be ena", to to act independently of the Confederation, anguthe make the cases bell:: completely independent oft vexed question of succession. They have forin.atio intimated that they will not commence lanetit.l„ti. before the let of February ; but although thisib"eir motion would indicate an apparent desire 111 )e . rt t part to afford an opportunity for negotiation, co cannot fail to observe that under no circueeste4o could they be in a position to assume the);tre'hat before the end of the present month. Oa that basis the German Powers would propos e ig ible negotiations should be entered into i t is gl,P°,:rele to affirm, though from the nature of the uelia. hitherto made upon Denmark there can be pp Te r, culty in conjecturing their object. It is, h° ?l6 the attitude assumed by the English Govern die. at the present crisis which, not only for th e O. pntants themselves but for neutral States , ate l. possess the greatest interest. It has been suggetbe that negotiations should be set on foot ell de basis of the grant by the Danish Governraent ig common constitution to the Duchies of Sohle!- oc and Holstein, on condition of the recognitl'oe the personal sovereignty in those Duchies °' s ri Danish King. It is, however, scarc el y eeeeos for us to say that negotiations on such o,b,iti as this must prove fruitless; This Wea fact, be an entire compliance with the urie'itist demands, and it may fairly be presonteueeiee Denmark would refuse to concede to the peed to tions of friendly Powers what she has ref lire yield to the threats of the Confederation• toG have on more than one occasion po inted nu t 4 the German Powers have not the shadow "tot right to demand what would virtually 501 It to a disintegration of the Danish monarell,:tiolt would no doubt be well worthy of the considel-t to of the Danish Government whether , in resPeeitier constitutional privileges, the inhabitan ts of Pe, the wig and of Holstein—and, for that matter, °Joe entire monarchy—could not be put upon the 13 t bie footing; and we threw out a suggestion t i t. eifr effect a short time since; Bat it is an enttre'' t ie) ferent matter to require that an ainalg al l of the Duchies should be made which vo 3a . n . :eiel l all practical purposes, sever them from the m ; . - pro• monarchy. We cannot, therefore, see in t b i n tioll , posal a means of arriving at a peaceful s°:"tbat, The Danes would regard such a course o°,ollo suggested as one of political suicide, Aria , 40 10 4 reject it accordin. Again, it may be faitlY."6o/1 what consideration is offered to Denmark f°l*.f t he a concession. If it be the recognition toe/ sovereignty of Christian IX. in the Duchies, 't that such recognition is no consideration e;tolle The sovereign rights of the Danish So vereigli Duchies ` are already assured by formal treeTortV unless treaties are henceforth to be trea ted es less, it surely cannot be suggested tha t, y el f oflQ c re cl they have been concluded, bribes must be sacrifices made to secure their observance' t y 01 , claims of Christian IX. rest upon the Tr t 0 tbo' 1852, and it is not open to the signataries,Aooi treaty to suggest that he must divide his k'noic in piecemeal in order to enjoy the barren 11°11- ruling over its fragments. COUNTRY MARKETS• ......-..............ergr.r..........r.n.... SHEFFIELD—TuEsDAY. fa I , trad e There was nither a large show of grain, but b- e ' a ut - . 4, wheat ruled dull, and prices declined is to 2s per !, The holders of barley and other spring corn ask e t oll) vance of 2s per qr ; this checked trade, and e'ou nti limited business was done at is advance : . 0 11 8 • 6 ,1 Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial f bushels...lss 0 a to — 19 6 6 4 White f f ...17$ ° 110 New red iss 0 t° Os .4 ~ • , Od t° 0 " f New white .. 17 0 17 6 0 , ff " -- . los Od t 40 ^ 14041 Beans tlf Peas,_ per qr ......... 40s Ocl t ,31 1 ,,, Grindirtr , barley, per qr ............... 29s od t cl oos i P,A Malting ditto , .................... 34s Od to 00 v" Oats " .................... 19s Od t° Fly 4d to is 8d per 14 lb. [our, is LEEDS—TUESDAY. SO 0 There was a good show of grain both by wai,, e 'olo l ,or The wheat trade to-day has been very slow, an d tot tot ' 4 ll a decline of is per qr would have been subfnittet. rel-o millers could not be induced to buy except pats Ple ci 1 0° scale. Barley a little easier to purchase. an without change. MARKET HARBOROUGH—TVVD°'6 toise' 3 so White wheat,:42s to 445; red, 38s to 41s Pe r 2 Bo to 50 Malting barley at 35s to 3 7s per qr.; grinding, 2-2.8 per 30 st. Oats, old, 24s t 0.275; new, 18s at.; beans, 36a to 40s per qr. LIVERPOOL—TUESDAY. Agalert4oia There was a moderate attendance of town (11%44 country millers at market to-day. Wheat at the s met a brisk inquiry, chiefly from speculatorsl,7o 'tits business doing at fully 2d over the prices of . '„ - 01 03 ,.t.1 0 Flour met with a very slow sale and no in i rlices f ° ' t for price. Oats and oatmeal met a dull sale, and7j.equesora latter fully 6d per load lower. Indian corn 'sans- rete° holding over-30s ed to 31s for mixed. D Friday's decline. Foreign Mail Packet I' 4 MAILS DUE. ,e t i'' J 2. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampto n " .... 14 1;: 3* irazil and Cape Vends, bvyiaßl‘rlitairssheipllaec.ske.t.. '' .. ** ''''''''''''''''' . 1 , 9: C c a h i i i n e a o , f r G e o n o a d ng T an pe d , A sin sc a en ap si o o r n e: and St. lie lei Wr4•l' ''''°. Falkland Islands ., Gibraltar, via Southampton ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' India (Calcutta), India (Bombay), via Marsaill°°.l.'/I. '2l' via Marseilles ''''''''•,f 63 i and via s C o e: t - l h o a n m , pvtioanSo.u.t.h.a.ol. '''''''' as: J_ ;:.. Portugal .... '''''''''' . '' , ''''''''' ..... T o = l „ . i, Malta, Egypt, and Aden, ' v . ia .. S . o '''''''''''''' * •.."" . "'" via Marseilles '''' • ' :JaO• Newfoundland '''''' , ...................... ........,_O. Oporto and Vigo .. . ....... L0t.....ta a U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. Pact,„t.,.• t o P . by U.S. Pac'oot.,•""b, 10. Bahamas, via New York . ......... ... Canadian ~ .. .. ', .. i. eh. 'l :s ', W.C. of Africa, Madeira and Teneritle ..... . Ye"' 05. ....• Jan lll 'l xiiic s.ofl t r imi Britibia...... ..est Indie.m..in.ci;.l74;,-.C.h..i1i.,1;e1r1t.: ) I*l°. ''' California.r _ _ pier -- ~r 1 DO, 4 ,,, 14 CRYSTAL PALACE.—ONE SIIII'Lli%:no • dit' day, Jan. 19.—Admissions on pa yment," , " .." ./ , villti', l season tickets, 961—total, 2,963. , ~„t ant , " gere' [ADVERTISEMENT.]—HOHOWAy'S 0111tra.'", st 2 ' s e.3, ked DI dos ‘.. 0 Experience.—The question is often aB, „d o s 1 0 0 from humours, abscesses, and other alarm d sur. Ile safest an 10 • " What treatment of my malady is the . to out, ors The unsolicited testimony of thousands Pol l o f all J ae way's Ointment and Pills as the most reliab w e poo de co sitogo ttier rat t, tive means. The drugs of which they are highly purifying, very strengthening, an d diecte dic e pre jurious. The Ointment, when applied to e th© tile clis_ t ite counteracts all bad humours which are f °dingy the es, and poisoning the system. The Pail iv i v , in ° • c io 10 frame. Many malignant diseases, wll/011 m e ,!, tt . o usP i ,, c oP 4 and curable form, have been stopped iti t i u; an y ca' course by these invaluable remedie, and have succumbed to them. -------' square,cuthb Cuthbert, CORY.—On the 19th inst at 4, Gordon Births. a Got c ' tr ,plaCep c of wife a of William daughter. CUTHBERT —On the 18th ' - • rd.str inst., at 6, Clio OA 1 1111 „„,ife 0 LANDER —On the 19th ' inst., at Peckham, the '''' W. • Lander, Esq., of a daughter. , g teti' Coy, of a son. PATTESON.—On the 1911 inst., at 3, Ilyde-P3ll;‘veqit. v'll son, Marriages. the wife of J. 11. Pattesoht t' - ' - - ' c ; 14/ife":1; BROOKER—PART On the 19th inst ,at .3-11t14.1...'fi,, Commander . Edward sury Wolfe Brooker, 11.1 C; ~,tot,, S..'" Alice, younger daughter of Tame .1. of Camden road Villa y s ing W V Fnicn—HALL.—On the 18th inst., at Ganda, Ilete,tllet caster, the Rev. M. J. Finch M.A.., to Catier—, - widow of the Rev. S.'V. Hall, 'of W 11 °ton ii°l/6° . o r r Lancashire. Deaths. „, GrOC e ' ATHOLE.—On the 16 th inst., at Blair Castle b'' e orge, s i x th Duke of Athole, K.T., aged 4 , . wii iisli s G BRIGGS —On the 1 7th inst., a t Great Yarmouth, 13031115 11' Bggs, 2 Co . i On the 18th inst., at Hale, Totienhattly - Cox, E - sq., aged 60. late i'' CuAmr.—On the 16th inst., Frances relict a ti gg. Cramp, Esq., of St. Peter's, Isle of' Thanet, or?. ibetlif 1,0 HAnnismi.—On the 18th inst at Camberwel, e t, widow of Anthony Harrison, 93. •etr e A nilcr v- STAPYLTON.—On the 17th inst., in Ale ~,„., sl; Wesib 73. ourne-park, Robert Martin Stapylion, J"" t, porg W s E h LD.—On the 16th inst, at Lulworth Castle, pclf ire the lion. Mrs. Weld, relict of Joseph V ici aged 'B2, A N rpl , London : Printed and l'uNishecl WILLIA3I'IO. p;Ci• '„f Of No. 112, Strand, rriliter, at TOE SUN 0111,0041 Strand, in the l'recluct of the Usvoy. in Middlesex —Wednesday, JallUary V, 1864' ¶lg