The Sun. — London, England, 1830-01-16 00:00:00

where there is no poor-law I Is it clear now in what way the English landholder is injured by the want of a poor-law in Ireland ? " No farmer can avoid ruin if he cannot obtain in the market a remunerating price for the produce of his farm ; that is, a price which will cover its cost, and pay him a profit into the bargain. The cost of production, exclusive of rent, consists in the ex penses of cultivation, of which labour forms by far the largest item, and the public burdens on land, viz., the tithes, taxes, and rates. Now how is it possible for the English farmer to get a price in the market sufficient to repay all this outlay, when he is there met by the Irish cultivator, whose expendi • ture in labour is not one-fourth of his own, and who pays no poor-rate, generally the very heaviest of all the public burdens on the English producer ? The Irishman, under these circumstances, can sell hi± corn, his cattle, his hogs, and his butter, with a profit, at prices which will not• keep the English fanner out of gaol, or English farms in cultivation. Is this practically the case ? Let those who attend the markets of London, of Liverpool, of Bristol, nay any of the principal markets of England, an swer, if they are not undersold in every quarter, and in almost every article, by Irish produce, — by produce, I repeat, raised upon land which, pays no poor-rate, and by labourers who, having no legal right to existence, will work upon husks and potato-skins rather than starve. Is this fair ? is it just ? I say at once, and deny it who can, it is contrary to every sound principle of equity and do mestic polity. " We have a right to require either that Irish pro ducers shall be interdicted from our markets, or placed On a level with ourselves with respect to the public burdens affecting production. " To impose duties on Irish produce, or prohibit its introduction, must, however, be impossible, so long its the Union endures;—as impossible to build the famous wall of brass between the two countries. Then what we ought to insist on is the other alter native. We have a right to a parity of advantages with the Irish growers in the supply of our own markets. "No rational person complains of natural or unavoidable disadvantages. If the soil or the climate of England were so inferior to those of Ireland, that farm produce could not be grown here except at double the cost of raising it there, the landowners of England would resign themselves to their com parative poverty, and be content to see the sup ply of their markets principally in the hands of Irish growers. But the superiority which we com plain that the agriculturists of Ireland possess in the market over those of England, is owing to no superior natural advantages whatever. It is purely artificial and factitious. It is caused by a difference in the public burdens imposed on the land of each country by the common Legislature. The effect is precisely the same, and the equity of the matter as perfect, as if Parliament were to lay very heavy taxes upon land and labour in Yorkshire, from which all other counties were exempted. The value of farms and farming-stock in Yorkshire would fall in exact proportion to the disadvantage under which this measure placed them in comparison with their com petitors in the markets. Land which bore wheat before, could only now bear oats and rye; and that which bore the latter crops before, would now be altogether thrown out of tillage. It is 'exactly as if a high duty were imposed by Government on all English-grown corn, cattle, butter, and bacon, from which Irish produce of the same kind was free."— Times. In perusing the Life of Major-General Sir Thomas Munro, a highly interesting work, to which additional value is given by a selection of Letters from that distinguished statesman and soldier, and several valuable fragments, we have found the opinion of Sir Thomas considerably at variance with that of Lord Combermere on the subject of the allowance to officers. In Memo randa, dated 1812-13, he observes, " Military allowance, both to European and native officers, ought to be regulated on the principle of holding out increasing advantages at every progressive step, and the means of realizing a competency after a certain period of service; but under no Government will the public resources be ade quate to this object, if the allowances to the in ferior ranks of the army are too high. A subal., tern upon half-batta may live not only without distress, but comfortably, in any part of India. It is not necessary that he should do more. It is even better that he should feel difficulty °cat sionally ; but it is a bad training for an officer, to place him in a situation where he shall always be at his ease, and scarcely ever feel the necessity of practising economy." This may alma: be A lecided decisive with respect to the policy of re ducing all the officers to half-batta for the future Those who entered the Bengal service in the expectation of full batta, may be considered As exempted by special contract irons the reduction. Th 3 opinion of Lord Combermoere, a stranger in India, will not for one moment be put in competition with that of a man who, like Sir Thomas Munro, has passed a long and most active life in that country. Another observation of Sir Thomas in that paper is peculiarly appli cable just now : " There are many reasons why the Civil Go vernment of India should have a greater controul over the military power than in other foreign depen dencies of Great Britain. In all of these the mili tary force is too inconsiderable, and too closely con nected with the Mother Country to attempt any fling against her; and in most of them the Civil Government is strengthened by the weight and in fluence of the Colonial Assemblies. But in India, Government has nothing to support it but its own character and the authority with which it is invested. It has no great civil societies to come forward to aid in the time of difficulty. The chief strength of the army is composed of natives; and even of the Eu ropean soldiery, the greater part have no desire to ?cave the country. It is evident that the authority of Government over such an army ought to be maintained by every means not incompatible with the respect due to the Commander-in-Chief, and that the supreme military power should be vested in the Governor in Council." The latest communications from India, in which we find evidence of Regiments determin ing that they will not be reduced, afford but too strong a confirmation of the wisdom of the abow... opinion. The officers, encouraged by Lord Combermere to oppose the reductions proposed by Lord William l3entinck, have, as was to be expected, gone beyond what any man will now venture to approve of. The Governor in Coun cil is openly spoken of by these mutinous soldiers as one to whom they o wed no obedience. — Morning Chronicle. We call the attention of our readers to a valu able communication in another column, on the !übject of some recent remarks we made on the Pamphlet of the Landowner, recommending the Introduction of Poor Laws Into Ireland as ne.. cessary for the protection of English agriculture. Our Correspondent, than whom no one is better entitled to be heard on the subjea of agriculture, thinks we are in error in supposing the apnlica t ion of capital to Ireland would add to the ports from that country. Without entering into :any argument on the general queLti.on, we think it would not be difficult for us to show th:it the extension of the Poor Laws to Ireland, coupled with the Sub-letting Act, would in time add snaterially to the exports from that country. — One of the first effects of the Poor Laws, aided by the Subletting Act, would be to produce 4 gradual diminution of the agricultural population f Ireland. Landlords would find, firs', that the land could be better and more economically cultivated by one-third of the people than at present. Whenever they have the power they will drive down the miserable hovels, so that there may, at all events, be as few successors as possible to the present claimants on the parish support. No men in their senses will support a population who claim food without giving an adequate return. In Ireland there is not the same connection between rich and poor as in England, and the gentry will seldom be withheld from any wish to stand well in public opinion, from acting much more rigorously towards the poor than any gentleman in Eng land would think of doing. We anticipate, therefore, a severe measure of justice towards the poor on the part of people of property, who will call on the Government, without scruple, .. . for protection from the consequences to which the measures of the Legislature have led. It will be seen, if we mistake not, that the Poor Laws will frighten the rich for the future, and will act repressively, but that they will take less from the landowners than is generally appre hended. We think it would not be difficult to spew, from a comparison of the agricultural produce of districts of a given extent and fer tility in Ireland with corresponding districts in this country, that our Correspondent has much underrated the effects of an enlightened culture in encreasing the productive powers of a country. At all events, he will allow that Ireland might be in what is called high agricultural cultivation with some millions fewer inhabitants than at present. We know of districts in very high cultivation, with a very thin population. If the English agriculturists, however, feel quite tran quil at the prospect of the application of much additional capital to Ireland, we have nothing to say against it. Whatever be the result, they are at all events clearly entitled to protection against the addition to their own rates caused by the want of Poor Rates in Ireland. And, what is more, the labouring people of England are clearly entitled to protection against the ruinous competition to which they are now sub ject from the same cause.—lbid. POOR LAWS IN IRELAND. TO THE EDITOR OF THE MORNING CHRONICLE. Kent, 14th January, 1830. SIR,—In the Chronicle of last Tuesday are some observations upon the effects of the introduction of a Poor Law into Ireland, which, if correct, would much indispose the English landowners to promote it. As lam a sincere well-wisher to that measure, and grateful to you for the able advocacy you have afforded it, and to which, indeed, may be mainly at tributed the progress of public opinion in its favour, I whh to make a few remarks calculated to remove the impression that may be occasioned by your rea soning upon " A Letter to the Agriculturists of England, on the expediency of extending the Poor Laws to Ireland, by a Landowner." You " 4 contend that the effect of imposing a poor rate in Ireland would be to increase the food raised, cheapen the rate of raising, and add to the exports." Of the agricultural capability of Ireland there can be no doubt, nor, if a more spirited mode of culti tion were adopted, that a much greater produce would be gained. By a more spirited cultivation I mean a greater outlay of capital. In this respect the Irish farmers are miserably deficient, and the land bears ample testimony to it. Mr. 'Wakefield calcu lated that it would require 120 millions to place it in the same state of improvement as England and Scotland ; and this, independently altogether of the capital which an English farmer brings to the cultivation more than the Irish one, and which can not be estimated at less than a similar amount. That by employing this 240 millions, or any part of it, upon the agriculture of Ireland, the food would be increased, is doubtless true, but it does IlDt so certainly follow that the rate of raising it would he cheapened. It has been sapposed that important advantages may be expected to accrue to agriculture from im proved implements and superior skill in cultivation; these, however, are not much to be calculated u p on. The implements really necessary are very few, easily constructed, and incapable of much improve ment. Agriculture is a simple art, with but little science ; nearly stationary, except by the occasional but rare introduction of a new plant, and the know ledge of it is pretty equally diffused among those who practice it; the principal distinction is between those who have capital and those who want it ; speak ing generally, the former are the good—the latter the bad farmers. In fact, agricultural improvement may be cleaned a judicious increase of expence. Now, as in Ireland the utmost that can be is ob tained from the land with the capital at present em ployed, any additional prodocc must be the result ,of increased outlay ; but it is riot auppoeed that the effect& e;( additional capital employed in agriculture can be so sf,:riklnis as when successfully applied to m anufacturing ma'c ' hinery; the price of the commo dity is not expected to be materially lowered; it is deemed sufficient for the outlay to yield a moderate interest ; issdeed, it is an axiom of the political eco nomists, that raiditional capital is applied to the land only in consequence of a rise of price; there fore, neither the introduction of p, Poor Law, nor any other circumstance, can render food cheaper in a country wheee, As in Ireland, it is raised by the labour of a population whose existence is sustained at the lowest possible rate of eapense. NP: is there, I think, much reason 0 apprehend additional imports from Ireland from the antratie tion of Poor Laws.. If the measure be to render it unnecessary for the halfefemished labourers of that country to deluge this in search of a scanty pittance, by giving them a legal claim to a sufficient allow ance of wholesome food, this will absorb a large por tion of that suKly with which we are at present inundated. Should the scale of the allowance of the English he taken as the standard for the Irish labourers, and those multitudes of them wi;itls now swarm theotighout the Empire remain at home, their own markets will require all their growth, even if the land of Ireland assere more fertile than it is. I have thus endeavoured to cares the obstacles to this measure, from a sincere conviction t:',as. its adoption voold be of infinite advantage to the king dom at large. it mould, in my opinion, be an un answerable objection, shessild its tendency appear to he to lower the price of food. It svaa:ld exceed the limit;; of this letter to show how cheapness a food must be considcrel a symptom of an unnatural and unhealthy state o taints, in a densely peopled and highly taxed country. Ireland, though the cheapest, ia the most wretched part of the empire; and in Etiglas;d, the daily declining price of food is aceom s panied with sl:istreas so general that none but the public annuitants esaape influence. Indeed In. the last thirty years, the rate a Aspd may be fairly gostaidered as the barometer of general isroiaerity and distrees; the former having been always accoals paiiied with high, s a nd the latter with low prices. I remain, Sir, you; obedient servant, T. B. h seems to us in the highest degree absurd, and in diree4 contravention of the avowed ob ject of their appointz - .44, that the new police men should have an interest in efie uses which they prosecute, by being allowed their expne - i, or rathcr an additional salary out of the county rates, for the rime they are attending the Courts in the capacity of prosect4ors or witnesses. How can that be called a system of pre.:• - zne police which gives its agents a manifest interest in t 4 . -; commission, sad c onsequent increase of offences? For, while human nature continues_ to be what it is, we defy the best intentions, and the most incorruptihie integrity, to be always proof against the knsettinb , sin which tempts men in the shape of a current coin." Besides, this thirst for gain was, it is well known, one of the most glaring faults of the old system ; in so much so, that it is not many years ago that a set of villains, with a man by the name of Vaughan at their head, were themselves prosecuted to conviction, charged with having sworn away several lives, for the purpose of obtaining what was, from that circumstance, called " blood-money"—a fact which soon after led to the repeal of the law which granted rewards for the apprehension and conviction of housebreakers, horse-stealers, and some other kinds of felons. Compared to this, to be sure, the money obtained for attendance at trials, &c. may appear to be of a trifling amount; but when it is considered that the sums paid in this way in Middlesex alone are little short of 10,0001. per annum, it cannot be doubted, we should ima gine, that there must be some pretty pickings, and no want of temptation, arising out of a fund so ap propriated. It was the obvious policy, therefore —indeed we might say, the first duty, of those who set about reforming the police, to take from it every source of profit that would give it an interest in the abuse of justice. If the pay of the new police be insufficient, 'as we believe it to be, to remunerate their labour, and to secure their integrity, let it be increased. Parsimony in these matters is no saving to the public—an inadequate salary is both a temptation and an excuse for bribes—it is an inducement to cor ruption in office and violation of duty. Why do we pay a police to prevent crime, and at the same time give them an interest in getting up false or trivial prosecutions? If they are to have payment beyond their regular salary, why should it come in such a shape as to be a sort of bounty on the abuse of their office ? Where is the wis dom and consistency of putting temptation to do wrong in the way of those who are to be the guardians of public morals ? There can be no greater practical absurdity than to give a preven tive police an obvious inducement to the creation of crime..—Morning Herald. 'When the last increase in the salaries of the Judges took place, as an argument in favour of it, it was stated, that it would induce persons of eminence at the bar to take situations which had heretofore not been sufficiently tempting to induce professional. men to abandon the emolu, ments of large practice ; while, on the other hand, it was contended, that the prize becoming more valuable, would lead to the influence of political connexion and private friendship having more to do than they had heretofore in such ap pointments. The public naturally look, when any vacancy occurs on the Bench, to the truth or fallacy of one or both of these predictions ; and, of course, their own observation will enable them to guide their judgment. The general opinion seldom errs.—lbid. Our readers will remember that we gave, some time ago, extracts from an extraordinary article in the last number of the Foreign Quarterly Review, entitled " Greek Diplomacy," with such comments and observations as we considered applicable to the subject. These articles have since been copied into almost all the continental papers, in one way or other, and we are re minded by this circumstance of a promise which we held forth when we last touched upon the subject, of vindicating the conduct of an officer who, although he played his part as gallantly as any English Admiral ever did in adding to the naval glories of the British people, has been treated with as great contempt and dislike as it by his conduct he had cast a blot on the national escutcheon. Sir Edward Codrington's great fault was that of executing the only intelligible orders which he ever received, according, not only to their spirit, but also their very letter ; and in not being able to comprehend those which no one unversed in the art of divination could possibly have comprehended. A British Ad miral, unless he be invested with diplomatic powers, has only to execute the orders which are transmitted to him to the best of his ability— he has nothing to do with the tortuous policy of Cabinets, or change of Administration, nor to:presume that because such or such policy would be wise, that he ought, therefore, to pursue it without consulting his superiors ; and such was Sir Edward's conduct throughout the whole of the Greek affair. His orders were few, and sometimes by no means of the most intelligible description. At one time he had to write home for instructions ; at another, to send to the British Ambassador at Constan tinople ; while, during the interval which elapsed between sending for, and receiving, them, new events were taking place, new schemes of policy being developed, and fresh causes for interference daily occurring. What was the British Admiral to do ? Was he to do what he deemed to be most for the honour of his country and the advantage of the Greek cause, or to remain inactive, and calmly wit ness the humiliation of the one, and the ruin of the other ? Here a fresh difficulty arose : his hands were tied by the presence and necessary co-operation of the French and Russians: he was not, in faa, 4 free agent to follow out the po licy which he might have deemed most expe dient ; while, to add to the embarrassment of the situation in which he was placed, letters of reproaph were reaching him from the Go vernment here, for not taking those steps, and executing those measures, which it conceived he ought to have taken and executed, but for which it had pot provided him with instructions. Such was the situatioa in which Sir E. Codrington was placed after the lamented death of Mr, cam, ring, by the weakness of one Cabinet, and the inile,cistve policy of its successor ; yet notwith standing ail tii,?,se disheartening circumstances, Sir Edward contrived, during the pried that he commanded the British squadron, not only to win for his country one of the most gallant actions of ini, - .4c;it times, but to accomplish the very object which justified that 44tt10-,t,bp eva cuation of the Morea itself. Before laying be fore pur readers the extract in the article referred to, relative co Csi,r Edward Codriugton, we can not help expressing our rep6t 0 : 4 any misun derstanding should have arisen between'the . Go-1 vernment and an Officer, who displayed, during the wh . c,le T eriod that he held the command in the Archipelago, euela consummate skill, pru dence, and firmness ; and still more, that an op iiprtunity should have been subsequently seized of piuiiig him in one of the most doubtful and embarrassing SituaiionE3 thq.t well have been devised by his most rancorous enerhy : The following is the extract from the article in bhp Foreign Quarterly Review, to which we liaVereferi•e4;---, " We have _ already mentionA the pc4 - itg on which the Allied Admirals demanded and obtained instructions at the commencement of the mediation. Another point remains, on which they ought pro baiily to have required advice, on which they had no instructions, which 11,7A1 never entered into the contemplation of their governments, not occurred to the Ambassadors at the Porte—bin the neglect of which was ultimately assigned as the cause of the recal of the British Admiral, The point to which we refer, Was the right to literal guellOttomen ships of war or transports as should offer to leave the shores of Greece on their way homewards. The occasion, on which a practical decision of this ques tion was demanded, occurred two months after the battle of Nayarit). It was plain that after that event, Ibrahim Pacha, desponding and disgusted with a si tuation which placed him in collision with the great naval powers of Europe, and which left him so little chance of ultimate success in the Morea, meditated a retreat to Alexandria, as soon as his personal honour or his father's safety would permit. That he might at once begin his retrograde movement, and relieve himself, while he remained, of those who , consumed his stock of provisions, without increasing Lincolnshire, against the assignees of Messrs. Baynes arid Son, the late booksellers, of Paternoster-row, to recover 285/. 19s. 7d., with interest thereon, under these circumstances :—The plaintiff having prior to October, 1826, made considerable pecu niary advances to Messrs. Baynes and Son, and there being then running several bills of exchange, which he had discounted for them, a written agreement was entered into between them, by which Messrs. Baynes and Son acknowledged themselves to be in debted to the plaintiff in the sum of 1,500/. ; and for that amount they gave him five hills of exchange, and deposited with him a quantity of books as a security, agreeing, in case the 1,500/. was not paid at the time stipulated, that the books should be sold and the money paid out of the proceeds. After the bankruptcy of Messrs. Baynes and Son, the books were sent by the plaintiff from Louth and sold in London by the auctioneer employed by the assignees. The plaintiff's lien in respect of the 1,5001. was sa tisfied out of the proceeds, according to the terms of the agreement. The sum now claimed was in respect of three bills of exchange, amounting to 285/. 19s. 7d., which it appeared were renewals of other bills that had been in circulation prior to October, 1826, when the written agreement was entered into ; and the question was, whether or not the lien under the agreement had been extended to this sum. The assignees contended that it had not, and that the plaintiff' was only entitled to prove under the commission. It appeared that after Messrs. Baynes and Son's bankruptcy, the attorney of the assignees, Mr. Ashurst, wrote to the plaintiff, requesting that he would allow his portion of the stock (the books) to be sold at the same time with the other stock, under the direction of the assignees. The plaintiff was afterwards written to by the ac countant employed by the assignees, who requested that he (the plaintiff) would send up the books for sale, stating that the assignees would hold them selves answerable to him for the proceeds. Subse quently the assignees wrote to the plaintiff on the same subject, and recognised the lien, but did not state to what extent it was limited. his military strength, he prepared the shattered re mains of his ships of war and transports to convey home the sick and wounded, arid the women and children connected with the expedition. This fleet, consisting of forty-five ships, thirty of which were ships of war, set sail from Nuvarin, unobserved, on the 17th or 18th of December; although an Eng- lish brig and several French vessels were stationed near the port to observe the Pacha's movements. Had all the persons on board been Turks or Turkish troops, their escape could only have been a subject of congratulation to the Allies, who had no wish to intercept them, or of regret to the Greeks, who might have made a good prize—but this fleet carried away a number of Greek slaves, which have been variously stated at seven thousand, five thousand, and six hundred, and which probably did not so much exceed the last as it fell short of the first com putation. " When the ships reached Alexandria, these live cargoes were in the most horrible situation of want and wretchedness, and an account, probably an exaggerated one, being sent home of the supply thus afforded to the slave market, our Admiral was censured for not preventing this exportation. He had himself written home on account of the pro ceeding, without being conscious that it was in his power to prevent it. He was answered by an angry note a month afterwards, (about the 18th of March,) stating that by his instructions he ought to have taken measures against the perpetration of such an enormity, that he should have kept a strict blockade of the Greek ports, which theescape of the Egyptian fleet showed he had not done, that he ought to have examined if troops were on board its vessels, and on seeing the Greek slaves ought to have relieved them; and that as he had done neither, he had no security against the return of this fleet from Alex andria with fresh supplies of men and provisions. The Jury immediately found for the plaintiff. INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT, JAIL 15. Ann Grey, known also as Ann Grey Court, was opposed by Mr. Nicholls, on behalf of the assignee of Frederick Dixon, a bankrupt. The insolvent, in her examination by Mr. Nicholls, stated that she had resided at various places—Ta vistock-place, Russell-square, Thornhaugh:street, Portland-road, and Tottenham-court-road. Her debts amounted to about 1,3001.; she was arrested on the 13th of August, while she lived in Portland road, and gave bail ; she rendered to prison in No vember. All her property, consisting of household furniture, valued at 3901., had been taken possession of at her house in Portland-road, last June, by a Mrs. Court, under a warrant of attorney, given to that lady in February; but Mrs. Court allowed the insolvent the use of the furniture under an agree ment, and receiving a bill of sale. In October Mrs. Court died, and then her son and executor, Mr. Joseph Court, took possession of the insolvent's fur niture, and he was now living in the house. Since that time the insolvent had no controul over the property, nor had she been at the house but once. This Mrs. Court had befriended the insolvent by lending her money at various times within the last eight years, amounting to 6001. or 7001. In Fe bruary last she asked Mrs. Court for the loan of 1001., which was refused her, unless she gave a warrant of attorney as security for that sum, and the money previously advanced. At that time she gave the warrant of attorney, and Mrs. Court advanced the 1001. She swore that when the instrument was enforced in June last, it was done without any col lusion between her and Mrs. Court. Mrs. Court was no relation to the insolvent, but the reason of the insolvent's having adopted the name of Court was because some years ago she lived with Mr. Court, the son of the lady who lent her the money. She had not, however, lived with him for the last five or six years, and she swore that he had not been visiting her up to the time of her going to prison, though she admitted that upon one occasion, when he was arrested, she was his bail. Since she had been in prison, Mr. Court had been to see her, not about her own business, but respecting a young lady under her care. In examination by Mr. Comm, her Counsel, she stated that she had been many years acquainted with Mrs. Court, who, from certain unfortunate circum stances some years ago, began to assist her, and whenever the insolvent wanted money, Mrs. Court lent it to her, but not wishing to let her son know that she did so. Mrs. Court put the warrant of attorney in force in June, and allowed her (by giving a bill of sale) to use the furniture afterwards; she could assign no reason why Mrs. Court's son, after his mother's death, took possession of the furniture. A young lady had been living under the insolvent's protection, and every communication she had had since then with Mr. Court, had reference only to that young lady. Mr. Nictious submitted that the case was, throughout, one of extreme suspicion. The CHIEF COSIMISSIONER ordered her to be re manded to re-advertise, and upon her coming up again the Court would order her to be discharged. " The answer which Sir E. Codrin{iton returned to this rebuke was a conclusive justification of his conduct, though perhaps not a satisfactory excuse for his government. It was that he was there to execute the treaty of London in the spirit of peace, and that a blockade was the proceeding of a bellige rent, which he was not warranted to undertake; that after the battle of Navatin, the Greeks posses sing strength enough for that purpose, were invited to form blockading squadrons, which suited their character of belligerents ; that the escape of the Egyptian fleet without observation, did not betray negligence, as it had sailed so unprepared that its provisions ran short before it reached Alexandria, the ships themselves being in such a state of disrepair, that one of the largest (a seventy-four gun ship) sunk by the way; that even though he had met them at the mouth of the harbour, he had no in structions to inquire into the composition of the force on board, if he were assured they were pro ceeding home; that the persons called slaves corn , posed the harem of the Pacha, and the wives cf the Turks, who could not be either examined or taken away without an act of hostility; and finally, that most of those who were thus transported, departed with their own consent, and would have resisted any attempt at rescue. " Whether every assertion or allegation in this defence be correct or not, we are unable to say; but one thing is certain, that the Admiral had no in structions on the subject, and that the question had not even occurred to the Ministry at home. 'I he only circumstance to which lie was referred by the Minister for Foreign Affairs, from which he was to draw a rule for the direction of his conduct, was the declaration which his predecessor, Sir H. Neale, in 1826, was empowered to make to Ibrahim, that the British Government would not see with indiffer ence the inhabitants of the Morea either massacred or carried off into slavery. 'I o this the Admiral re plied that nothing was ever done on that declara tion, and that his own instructions, which were eighteen months later, had never made the slightest allusion to it. We must add (and it is but fair that the circumstance should be as universally known as it has hitherto been unaccountably concealed) that the French and Russian commanders, the colleagues of Admiral Codrington, and acting under the same set of instructions, when appealed to by him, wrote him letters, expressing an entire concurrence in his view of the case. They both confirmed his asser tion that they had no directions how to act in the case of the deportation of slaves from the Morea, and that had they met Ibrahim's fleet on its way to Alexandria, they would not have conceived them selves warranted to stop and search his ships of war to release them. Sir E. Codrington repeatedly ap plied to the Government at home for fresh instruc tions on this subject, between the month of March and the receipt of his letter of recal ; but the only answer which lie received was an intimation that his Majesty had appointed his successor. Thus the gallant Admiral lost the favour of the Government, because he gained a ♦ictory for the liberation of Greece, and was finally disgraced, on pretext of having allowed the Greeks to be carried into sla very."—Morning Advertiser. POLICE INTELLIGENCE. UNION.HALL. Yesterday several of the licensed victuallers resi dent within the district of this office were summoned, some for keeping open during the hours of divine service, and others for allowing what is technically called " gambling" in their houses. It may not be amiss to state in the outset, that the magistrates have issued instructions to their officers LAW INTLLIGENCI4. to attend to this duty, instead of permitting it to be COURT OF KING'S BENCH, JAW. 15. done by the common informers. DOBSON AND OTHERS v. DROOP. The first case was against Mr. Hurd, landlord of This was an action for demurrage. The pl a i n tiff s the Horse and Groom, in the parish of Newington. were the o wners of th e b r ig Mantura, which, in He was charged with keeping open his house on the 1828 brought a cargo of goods from Brem en to 3d inst. during the afternoon service at Newington London. The defendant, Mr. John Abraham Droop, Church. was the consignee of some of the goods under two The witness went into the defendant's house at bills of lading, in one of which it was stipulat e d t h at twenty minutes to five in the afternoon, and saw two if the goods were not taken out ofotuhled be payableship within persons standing at the bar, who were served with should fourteen running days, demurrageliquors. He added that divine service was then at the rate of 51. a day. In the other bill of lading performing at the church, which was near at hand. it was provided that the rate of the demurrage The defendant admitted that his house was just should be four guineas a day. The vessel arrived opened when the officers entered, he considering in London on the tith of January last, and was re. that the hours for closing in the afternoon of Sundays ported at the Custom-house on that day, One of were from three to half-past four o'clock. If he had the consignments to the defendant was a quantity offended, he had done so inadvertently. He also of oats, and those goods formed the subject of the pleaded, in extenuation, that he had recently taken bill of lading in which the demurrage was charge. the house, and was therefore ignorant of the precise able at the rate of N. a day. They were ready to hour he was to close and open in the afternoon of be delivered on the 6th of January, but were not Sundays in that parish. taken away by the defendant until the 21st, one The defendant was fined 3/. and costs. day beyond the stipulated time. The other con- Mr. Cardwell, landlord of the Bridge-house, signmente consisted of wheat, barley, and beans, Vauxhall, was summoned for allowing gambling in They were not removed until the 4d of February, his hoese, aid in respect of them, therefore, fourteen dive The summons having been read, which set forth demurrage was claimed. The oats, it appeared, the alleged offence, the defendant said that two re came in bulk, and were stowed between t w o rows 1 spectable tradesmen were playing a game of crib ot !sole in prigs, Whieh were piie4 one npon 4riothgr, hage in the parlour when the officers entered the and formed what is called the bulk head?. On the room. There was no noise or clamour there, and outside of these rows was a quantity of wheat be- it was during the Christmas festivities : therefore, longing to other consigne e s; a nd it was stated on he trusted the latter circumstance would have some the part of the defendant that his oats could not be weight with the Magistrates in overlooking the removed u:eil after the wheat bad been removed. offence. This was the ground of defence to the claim in re- The officers admitted that the parties who were spect of the oats.- It appeared, however, by the playi ig the game were respectable. evidence that the oats might have been removed : Nit. Hosts said t hat if the defendant looked at nrei it was ptoyed that only thirty quarters of the his licence he would not there find it set forth that wheat had been taken out when they w ere remove d, eare d-playing was allowable during the holyday s With respect to the other goods, it appeared that an more than at other times, order was given on the 16th of January for the . The defendant did not know it was an offence delivery of some of the bags of barley; and on the for two respectable persons to play a game at crib ) Sltli these wee an eider fel. the leans. The bage to amuse themselves for an hour, f the 3 thesed of February. goods,u'ith the wheat,, were not got The defendant was fined 40 s. and costs. ° I Mr. Rymer, landlord of the John Bull, in Barret ":lllt ioe o' untillh eJury, without hesitation, found for the plain- street, Lambeth, was summoned for a similar offence. tiffs, in respect of the wheat, barley, and beans— The witness proved that he saw the defendant Damages, 581. 16s. and a young lad (his son) playing a game at " all- Jectisosi v. yENABLES AND OTHERS. fours," in a small room within the bar. This was a question of lien. The action was The defendant admitted that he and his son were brought by Mr. joeksoa l a bookseller of Louth, in amusing themselves with a game of cards when the officers entered ; h wag within his own private room within the bar, which was distinct from both parlotit* and tap-room. There was no betting between them, and he considered it would be hard indeed if a mblic.an was to be excluded from having a game of : .ards with any member of his own family, and ia ;is own private apartment. The Magistrates coincided in the opinion that no . onviction should take place in this case, which was ecordiagly discharged. Mr—Modes, of the George, in Newington, was rifted 3/. and costs, for keeping open his house during the hours of divine service. Mr. Beresford, of the White Hart, was also fined 40s. and costs, for a similar offence; the penalty in the latter case having been reduced, owing to some error in the defendant's clock. OLD BAILEY, JAN. 15. James Butler and John Pichotte, two young men of very respectable appearance, were indicted for breaking and entering the dwelling-house of James Timewell, of No. 96, Junction-terrace, Edgeware• road, and stealing therein a great variety of property. James Timewell, the prosecutor, on the- 22d of November last, at half-past six in the evening, left home, accompanied by his wife, and returned at half-past eight. On leaving home he locked the doors, and no one to his knowledge remained in the house. When he returned he found the private door wide open, and also the door which led into the shop. Upon searching the house, it waslaseer tained that the several room doors had been forced open, and that every closet and drawer had been completely ransacked. Several watches, a pair of bracelets, two pairs of ear-rings, a gold neck-chain, • a gold eye-glass, and a gold brooch, were missing, besides a variety of articles of dress. A young lady, named Sharpe, who, with her mother, lodged in the prosecutor's house, on the evening of the robbery left home before Mr. Time well, and on her return, a little after nine o'clock, found that a bureau had been broken open, and a silk shawl and other articles stolen. Henry William Morrison was a serjeant in the New Police. On the 6th of December he saw Butler in the watch-house, who told him that he lived in the Edgeware-road, near the turnpike. Witness and another officer, after locking the prisoner up, went to a house in Drummend-street, where they saw a person whose name was Butler. He found in the house two shirts, a tippet, and a silk gown, together with several articles of jewellery. Witness subsequently took Pichotte into custody just as he was about to remove his furniture from his lodgings, in the Regent's park. Upon searching the van, several articles were found belonging to the prosecutor. _ _ The several articles of property were produced, and identified by the prosecutor and Miss Sharpe. On the part of Pichotte an alibi was set up. The CHIEF BARON charged the Jury, who, after a short consultation acquitted Pichotte, and found Butler Guilty. Richard Charles Norris was indicted for em bezzling the sum of 16/., and also a bill of exchange for 30/., the property of Henry William Nunn and his partner. The defendant received an excellent character from several respectable persons. The Jury found him Guilty. Other indictments were ready to be preferred against him. The RECORDER immediately called him up for udgment, and he was sentenced to be transported for 14 years. NEW COURT. John Smith, the proprietor of a house of a certain description in Little Shire-lane, Temple-bar, and Sarah Williams, a dashing Cyprian who parades the Strand, were indicted for assaulting a lad named John Davey, and taking from his person ss. Gd. and a pencil-case, his property. The prosecutor, on Sunday evening, the 13th of December, met the female prisoner near Temple-Int* who induced him to go to a house just by. H e had not been there long before he gave her a shilling some gin was got. She then fell upon him after wards, and demanded more money, and struck hits with great violence. She alarmed him very much, and extorted .ss. 6d. from him, and attempted to get two sovereigns from his possession. He refused to give them up, when the male prisoner entered, and the woman proposed that the witness should be stripped. He was knocked down with great violence several times by both the prisoners,. and at length they attempted to dislodge the watch from his f o b, but they failed in doing so. They at length tumbled him down stairs and turned him into thestreet, where, from ill usage, and loss of blood, lie fainted away. The policeman F, 83, found the prosecutor lying in the lane in an insensible state; his face and neck were covered with blood. When he came to him self the prosecutor made the accusation, and he ap prehended the prisoners. Verdict—Guilty against both the prisoners. The Court deferred passing sentence until the end of the sessions. GIBBON.—When Mr. Fox's furniture was sold by auction several years ago, amongst the books there happened to be Gtanow's first volume of the Roman His. tory, and which appeared by the title-page to hare been given by the author to his honorable friend, who thought proper to insert on the blank leaf this anecdote:—" The author, at BROOrEn, said there was no salvation for this country, until six heads of the principal persons in admi nistration were laid on the table. Eleven days after, this same gentleman accepted a place of lord of trade under these very ministers, and has acted with them ever since I" Such was the avidity of bidders for the smallest produe• Con of so wonderful a genius, that by the addition of this Tale record the book sold for three guineas ! BIRTHS. On the 12th inst. in Guilford-street, Mrs. Stewart, Of a eon. On the 15th inst. in Bryanstone-square, the lady of J. Hamilton Story, Esq. of a daughter. On the 14th inst. Mrs. Lewis, of Spital-square, of daughter. On the 15th inst. in Serjeant'e•inn, the wife of W. E• Taunton, Esq. of a son. On the 13th inst. at Liverpool, the lady of H. Stulter• fohe, Esq., of a son. MARRIED. On the 14th inst. at Christchurch, Blackfri irs, by the Rev. Rowland Hill, A.M., Mr. R. B. Newson, of High. street, Southwark, to Mary, second daughter of W. Wright, Esq., of Bridge-street, Lambeth. On the 14th inst. at Lewisham, NVm. Duke, jun., Esq. 8.A., of Magdalen College, Oxford, and of Hastings, Sussex, to Sarah Batley, only daughter of T. Cox, Eq., of Blackheath. On the 14th inst. at St. Margaret's, Westminster, B• 13ohun, Esq. of Beceles, to Jane, third daughter of the late J. Elam, Esq. of Chesterfield, Derbyshire. On the 14th inst. at blington, Edward, third son of Matthew Towgood, Esq. of St. Neot's, Huntingdonshire► to Sarah, eldest daughter of James Bischoff, Esq., of Ilighhury-terrace. On the 14th inst. at Richmond, Mr. J. Johnson, to Mary, eldest daughter of the late William Helder, Esq. of Kentish. town. DIED. Lately in Edward's-street, Portman-spare, the Rev. Stephen Weston. He was descendant of the Rev. Dr. ‘,‘ eston, Bishop of Exeter. On the 14th inst. aged 21, William, the fourth son of the late D. Bloir, Esq. of Glasgow. On the 13th inst. in her 10th year, Jessica Trypheusr fifth daughter of Cecil Becke, Esq. of Deronshite-street , Queen -square. On the 14th inst. at Tunbridge-wells, Mrs. Wilson, of Stamford-hill. On the 14th inst. at Lambeth-terrace, Anne, relict of the late T. Bullock, E.g., aged 90. On the 14th inst. in Clarges-street, Piccadilly, Mils Appleton. On the 9th inst. at Newbury, Mrs. M. Child, sister of the late E. Child, Esq. of Abingdon. rest, man PRINTILD AND 1 3 116L1111ED l T AIIIRDO YOUNG, Aar re front origin ent speci TIES SUN O,ric, &scam' LONDON% , ['rioted f or 1.011(101.1. FOR TH Vi( T" en Torso. Tenders is NUFACI HOOPS t at Deptfor Bionthe ni Contract. And aim (on aeparat as may be fur One Y notice. &tropi c , diced with The Ce Office. Each T length, ani appeintei; by two rei with the the doe per tare •f In tracts for 1 The Per aa Ilia heirs !OFF] T" E M. No tice, that Parson s as I fit )" of Bra and ether A in the Roy* Iron Guns Shells, Old and Lead, Articles', th and may b Storekeeper at the ft oy fixed for the A Catalo; Persons veil the Seeretat the whole or Yered on or A VAC in number of to the most sati nion, whoe1:; iti Twelve AI Letters to Weirs, booksi LORD Nearly NA It Et - By Lieut Marquis of L " - That ac have appeare It mutt be gi find the desit near and a RO santative of I Allied Sorer( Londonderry most complet those counci objects of the that eventful Henry Coll ton -street. Ilia day wao Portrait an claration o farm AT' Edited L by "A work c observation in deffersor shrewdness a at Paris, for Revolution, t ratters of put tempers have such as no oti or since." —S " These s They teem sr the code of transmitting a Henry Coll tin -street. k SriV ditys bk ? of tin Plates lept TRA VI PAR' Years 15124, Among till hit haltcentu and swiened i stence cr a lot Africa hands 14 "tioll vary without s ucc -4sro enan Rite ' Bow Lau b . „ v a • l endeal Il Yfteriou s e i I , ea cied the de ter or that ofi kve been u n i 9 . e 4-at E uro P.umluctoo If°llll ation re • l itnr7 Coll; 4-stroet, cut 4St publishal three Engra 18 s. ; in r loured, 21*. Per, 211. ; IHE and ar the Baron Niiptions o 144 3' not befo E. GRIM T he CLAS Lth upwards ° h l ntes, pric Demy Roynl Ditt Eteiny T he CLAS, t h r aing Th ree ' l l Octavo Quarto, di a paper Also, is n; r t 23, whi cv ourst of the P°J ')iurne Pu onblithi The she, Reptile , s. o Parts ; tl ` aillbc_. no ' a y rottfin e ti at each class -see of the "i n a tabular iteral termini tions of thi! different art F El ,-