The Sun. — London, England, 1863-10-15 00:00:00

ROYAL ENGLISH OPERA, COVENT -GARDEN. Under the 3lanat-r,ement of Miss Louisa Pyae and Mr. W. Harrison. THIS 'EVENING, W ,113ce'i Romantic Opera, THE DES r.:RT FLOWER : Miss Louisa Pyne, Miss Susan Pyne ; Messrs. W. 11. Weiss, 11. Corri. A. Cook, and W. Harrison. Conductor, Mr. A. iNlellon.—Doors open at half-past Seven. Commence at Eight. T gENTRE ROYAL DRURY- LANE. Managers, Messrs. E. Falconer and F. B. Chatterton. GONE TO TEXAS. Mr. Walter Lacy TH IS EVENING , and Miss Murray. Alter which, Lord Byron's Choral Tragedy, MANFRED. Messrs. r helps. Ryder, Rayner, M:agreson, Ward, Spencer - Aliss Heath, 'Miss E. Atkinson, Miss Leclercq, and Mrs. E. Falconer . Vocalists—Miss Poole, Miss titter, Miss Cicely Miss Heywood, and Mr. Swift. To conclude with THE DEAL BOATMAN : Messrs. G. p,ohnore. F. Charles; Miss R. Leclercq, and Mrs. Edmund T' al coner. ippRINCESS'S THEATRR.—Great Success of HERRMANN, PRESTIDIGITATEUR. HERR, l ii iiiIRRIMANN has the honor to announce that, in conse quence nt the Brest success and flatterin , recept - on lie has met with, he will continue his Performances, EVERY EVENING, until further notice. Commencing at Eight. LIEATRE ROYAL HAY NI ARKET.- Sole Lessee and Manao•er, Mr, Buckstone. THIS EVE.N TNG, FINESSE ; or, Spy and Counter Spy: :Messrs. Alfred Wigan. Buckstone, ChippeJdale, Howe, W. Farren, Braid, and Gordon ; Mrs. Dowton, Miss L. Angel, Mrs. Alfred Wigan. Miss Wright, ,tc. After which, CHARLES THE TWELFTH: lkTessrs. A Wigan, Buckstone, Compton, Howe, and Miss L Keeley. Concluding with TILE GALLICIAN FETE. Commence at 7. N EW THE ATRE-R0 VAL, AD ELPrn 86e Proorlator and Manazer. Mr. B. NS'a U bster. : Mrs. TFIIS EVENING, at 7, TIIE TRAGEDY QStirling. EEN At S, the New Drama of LEA H : Miss Bat e man , supported by Messrs. Arthur Stirling, R. Phillip s, Billington, Stuart, A. Wood, Eburne, Miss H. Simms and Mrs. Billing - ton. Miss To conclude with CATCHING AN lIEIRE6S : Woolgar and Mr. A. Wood. 311 S S BATEMAN.--LENI-I.—The celebrated young American Actress,_,Miss BATEMAN, having . on her first appearance in the Isiew Drama of LEAR ob tained the most triumPhan, and enthusiastic success that has been witnessed for many years, and the profound impression created by her impersonationnf the character of LEAH upon a c owded audience hsvine: been completely ratified by the unanimous verdict and critical approval o , the entire Daily th us, the afana2•er of the NEW ADELI'II I THEATRE has ou to announce that M.ss BAT EMAN will appear in the New Drama of LE.t Aft EVERY EVENING till further notice. ----- _____ _______ rNy AL STRAND THEATRE. R " Manaf., , er,3lr. W. H. Swanborough. THI S EVENVIG, MIRIAM'' CRIME. Messrs. Honey, Farselle, Belford, Turner, Miss K.Saville, and Miss Manders. Followed by THE NIOTTO, " I'M ALL THERE." Messrs. Honey, Turner, E. Danvers, Collier, Mesdames Ada Swan borough, F. Hughes, Weston, Thorne, Wallace, and Jenny White. To conclude with WHERE'S YOUR WIFE. Mr. Belford. Commence at 7. riiHE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN," 11. Containing the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENfE, can be had Every Evening of G. R. GLENIE, NEWS AGENT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. THIS DAY.—Morning, 3h. 21m.—Afternoon, 3h. 40m. TO-woßßow.-'Morning, 3h. 58m.—Afternoon, 4h. 16m. The Weather--Sun Office, Oct. 15, 1863. THERMOMETER. This day at Two o'clock Barometer-29.63, Wind—North; light, and hazy, with rain. ty: f4 qb, viljT g tut LONDON, THURSDAY, OCT. 15, 1863. THE ALBERT CROSS. The Noblest Monument of all has yet to be raised under the above title to the memory of the "great and beloved husband" of our revered and most gracious SOVEREIGN. The foundation of an Ordar of Merit so entitled would, beyond all doubt, serve in the most effectual manner to commemorate to after times the peculiar lustre appertaining to the reputation of his Royal Highness. Already within the last few years of her MAJESTY'S reign two glorious orders have been established—The Star of India and The Victoria Cross. It is as a companion to the one last-mentioned, to The Victoria Cross, that we would now see The Albert Cross founded, organised, and distributed. The Victoria Cross has already become the most dearly prized and the most ardently coveted among all the rewards of valour that could by possibility be bestowed by the SOVEREIGN of these realms upon an English man. Let The Albert Cross be so founded, so organised, and so distributed that, in its turn, it shall come to be thus regarded among all the loyal and patriotic subjects of the Crown, as the symbolical recompence of peaceful merit of all kinds—moral, social, and intellectual. An English Legion o Honour, designed to evidence the national recognition of distinguished ability, of good work done, of noble achievements. A ribbon unstained by a drop of blood. A cross unblurred by a whiff of gunpowder. An Order of Merit iden tified always with peaceful avocations, with Art, with Science, with Literature, with: Philanthropy. A Cross of Honour to be awarded alike to the Poet and the Philosopher, to the Painter and the Novelist, to the Architect and the Manufacturer. It is but the other day that one of the most princely benefactors of his age and country, that munificent W man of taste who the founder of the magnifi cent Gallery o f t h e English School of P a i n ti ng which is called, after his pass e d name, the SHEEP SHANKS' Collecti on , midst of us with out his noble away from the c ollection, during hi s own lifetime, gift of that li fetime, to the n ation at large, having wo n for him, either f rom the people or from the Governme n t , any, even the The feeblest, symbolical indication of the g rateful ra tion which was certainly his due.establish_ merit of precisely the very kind of Order of Merit here hinted at—an Order of 3,lerit that could not than by possibility receive any more suitable name the ve Cross-- ry one w e are now suggesting, th at of The wo uld, while at once satisfyi ng a na tional want long Albert f e lt, serve at the same tim e i n the most signal and effectual manner to perpetuate th e peaceful, stainless, bloodless, beneficent reputation won for himself in history by that BEAU IDEAL 01+ WHAT A PRINCE OUGHT TO BE, that " Prince in deed," as our Poet Laureate has emphatically called him, that Royal Patron of Letters, of the Arts, and of the Sciences, One of whose brief but beautiful career this Albert Cross would be the most radiantly con- Pieuous and the most significantly appropriate of a ll commemorations. The foundation of the Order of lite Alsert Cross would, as a memorial of his Royal Highness, be far beyo n d any number of statues that coul d be raised i n his o d nour, in bronz3 or marble —t-ere F A b orennins ! what hat Sovereign of this realm could more appropriately found this noble Order of Merit, for thd taw, a , rm ,:eant of the peaceful arts and sciences, thaa tllre the gracious and b e l ove d C ons ort of his Royal Highness, as only the d a y b e f ore yes ter QUEEN of these E ealms, who, so recently ter d ay , s p o ke of th a t lamented Prince so exquisitely and so tenderly ! ! Proclaiming before her peopl e , upon that occasion of her first appea r rtln ee i n public sicco the dat e of her bereave ment, the devoted l ove for him that fills her heart, and that m st . throw a lasting g l oo m over all her fut ure if with t hat devoted love of the widowed l Q —andi for th e me mory of that " great and 1; 1 1 E" oveh..tsbacd"— w hat ? they are her MAJESTY'S Ow d , words, renaerabec—"ultwunded reverence and ad. miration l'' Haw, more signally, attest this devoted love , this unbounded reverence and admiration for his Royal Highness the late PRINCE CONSORT than by the foundation of this very order of merit, this most appropriate and characteristic symbol of honour—this companion order, even in name, to The Victoria Cross, tho cross of valour—this order of peaceful merit to be known and aspired after, and cherished when won, as The Albert Cross? An order of merit of this particular kind has often been thought of, has occasionally been suggested—but never under this name, never as thus distinctly assoc',ated with the memory of his Royal Highness, never coupled with a title so signally and resplendently signifi cant. And this radiant symbol of " The Albert Cross," if but once called into existence by the man date of our beloved QUEEN, would infallibly become an enduring commemoration of the peculiar glory won by her MAJESTY'S princely husband in the annals of England as the patron and promoter of the arts and the sciences, of that literature and of that philanthropy, the wondrous combination and co-operation of which are every day tending more and more visibly and appreciably to aid the steady and rapid advancement of modern civili sation. What The Victoria Cross is as the reward of Heroism upon the Battlefield—The Albert Cross would at once become as the recompense of the beneficent achievements of the artist and the philanthropist, of the man of science and of the man of letters. As among the gallant hearts rewarded by the bestowal of The Victoria Cross, that symbol might be regarded as equivalent to the crowning of the brave man's brow with a wreath of laurel—so among the recipients of the Albert Cross, that new symbol might, in its turn, come to be regarded typically as an equivalent to a garland of oak. A few simple words of Norman French, spoken in the name of her MAJESTY, la Reinc le Veut, can, any session, transform an inani mate Bill into a living Enactment. One single word written by the hand of her MAJESTY—the sign manual of the Sovereign —can, any day, im part supreme authority throughout the realm to a mere scrap of parchment. May we not hope that l in the interests of those arts and sciences, of that literature and of that philosophy which were throughout his pure and noble life so dear to the heart of his Royal Highness the late PRINCE CON SCRT—may we not hope that, in commemoration of their having been so dear to his heart, and in com memoration, also, of his own elevated and beautiful reputation—the QUEEN'S gracious mandate may be pronounced, the QUEEN'S Royal signature may be penned, calling this new order of The Albert Cross into existence ? It has been truly said that people never know when they are safe, and the accounts that have been recently received regarding sea-side lodgings go far to exemplify the fact. Nothing can be more reprehensible than the practice that has prevailed in some quarters of allowing persons to enter into houses from whence those afflicted with contagious diseases have only just departed. A letter to the 7imes of yesterday fully exposes this nefarious sys tem. A medical gentleman in practice at a fashion able watering-place has disclosed three cases, in each of which great blame must be attached to the parties concerned. A family went down for change of air, but were lodged in a house where the scarlet fever had been raging some time before they came. The children fell ill, and subsequently the mother also caught the maLady, and died. Here was a sad afitction befalling a family from want of common care and due precaution. The next incident mentioned might have prc duced effects still more disastrous, and have given rise to a wider spread disease. A friend was on the point of engaging apartments for a re lative, when, on returning to see the bedrooms, that were not vacant before, he came upon a hearse, which was taking away a coffin that had been re moved from one of the bedrooms that were about being let. It seems almost incredible that people should go on in this way, and endanger health, and risk life for the sake of a little extra gain. Their wanton negligence is rendered the more inexcus able when it is remembered that it is precisely those who come to the seaside for change of air who are the most liable to catch the infectious diseases hovering about, from the fact of their being exhausted with the heat of the weather, the fatigues of business, and the oppressiveness of town life. Those who constantly reside at the watering-place would not be in nearly so much danger, even if they were exposed to the risk, which they are not. A gentleman, who w as just recovering from the small-pox, went down to the seaside, and in the even ing proceeded to an hotel, from whence he took lodgings. He returned "all right," but, says the narrator very truly, " will it be all right with those who, succeeding him in his rooms, have to use his blankets and bedding." Doubtless, from this known case of dereliction of duty, there have arisen numerous cases of severe illness, dis figurement, and even death. Now it seems time that this anomaly should be checked,and that some sani tary regulations should be enforced without delay. The fact is, that lodging-house keepers, as a rule (there are of course exceptions), are too greedy for money, and in pursuance of this object they forget that the society which supports them has a claim on their consideration, and that they make immense profits during the season, which cannot even afford them the excuse of need for their over reaching conduct. Without impOsing any irksome restraint on the liberty of the subject, or adopting undue interference with business, it must be pos sible for the local authorities to make some altera tions in the present system. In all cases where a serious neglect of due precautions has arisen, let a heavy fine be exacted, and the lodging-house keeper be forbidden to re-let for a stated time—say a month — during which all purifying processes can take place. One of the chief causes that produce these disastrous casualties is the indifference that reigns in e -° many qnarters ; peopl e thi n k it i s no affair o f theirs, and if changesy jog on i n offence , are proposed they are apt t o for are afraid o f giving the old and hence all is left to diency routine. Th ese l overs o f expo solemn duty and g et that they are neglecting a ign o ringkind sacred trust. It is not always wise, right, or kind to avoid annoying or irritating others ; o n the contrary t it is at times incumbent upon us t o d o so, if he require it, and the demands healthds of soci e ty call fur interference. , ihe 1 fault o . r propriety of 3 not all w ith the lodging-house I, •P -ee ers ' co nvalescents themselves are o t tenser . for ly blame. One case ia cited by Mr. eens, ity, aous the to surge on 'at Eastbourn e, in which a lad y , whose husband had died of the fever, and one of whose daughters had beenvery cam e direct to Eastbourne on h er re covery, n rooms without having t o ld the " Two children, who c ame landlady of the case• a d ill, took . ani o n m it to after, went into their rooms and died." The secret was disclosed by the lady's nurse mentioning the servants when too late. The proper remedy for this cruel state of things would be for the magis trates to have each case of fever occurring in lodg ing -houses reported to them. This would be an efl ' e tlial caeck upon th e car eless, ill-advised proc .ed in,• 8 c' now taking place, and in the course of iovestl g4tiola it would be easy to determine which parties were in fault, the hirers or the letters of the apart ments. In all cases where fever had unavoidably broken out, some weeks should be ordered to elapse before any more lodgers are admitted. By this means the guilty would be suspended from their ill-gotten gains, and the ignorant and careless would be duly warned of the sad and serious consequences that re sult from inattention to sanitary precautions. The unfortunate class, also, who are afflicted with disease would be prevented from making more mischief, and spreading the contagion around them. Unless some due precaution is adopted speedily the evil will augment to such an extent that the healthy will dread the risk of visiting a watering-place. A reaction will be the consequence, and it will be difficult, if not impossible, for convalescents to get any change of air at all, for all lodging-house keepers will shun their approach, There is no reason why, with proper management, all sorts of cases may not be accommodated at watering places, and return, after their stay ;n the loeality, re freshed by the change, or restored by the invigo rating breezes. If those who take in the sufferers, and their friends and relatives, make up their minds to use the right means for preserving their rooms against infection, the evil, except in serious cases, is not very likely to spread. On the other hand, if they do not, the public is of too much im portance to be trifled with, to suit their fancies, and the lives of many are not to be sacrificed to suit the prejudices of the ignorant, and the obstinacy of the wilful. It is often, unhappily, to be found that, when people are deaf and blind to the claims of honour, the calls of humanity, and the evidence of reason, they will be on the alert if they think that their interests are in any way affected by the ques tion in dispute. For some time past it has been fruitful source of complaint in many quarters, that our tourists and travellers seek foreign shores for diversion, when health and happiness might abound at home, if they would only turn their steps in the right direction. Now, what can well tell more against the success and prosperity of our coast towns, than the rumour now so prevalent with regard to infection being rife in those localities ? It is idle to gainsay the truth of the assertion. The story has gone forth far and wide, and those whom principle and feeling will not influence may yet have cause to regret, if they do not repent, the short-sighted policy they have adopted, and the mistaken notions that have actuated them. Mak ing too much haste to be rich has worked many evils in this world, and given rise to grave and deplorable results. It is not surprising that the subjects engaging the attention of the Social Economy Department of the great autumnal assembly, the position of the Cotton Districts should occupy a prominent place. The condition and prospects of Lancashire have been during the year very frequently uppermost in men's minds, and the approaching advent of winter has lately brought the subject up again. So large a body of our indust r i a l c l asses cou ld no t suffer for so long a period without their misfortune being justly ranked as a fitting subject for national deliberation. There have been, too, and indeed still are, so many conflicting views upon the matter, that a general discussion and argument were not unlikely to have satisfactory effects. Some are inclined to take a sanguine view of th e case , an d are rea dy to persuade themselves and others that the danger is already past, and that Lancashire will be henceforth happily independent of e x t raneous ass i stance . Others, on the contrary, are inclined to form a most despond ing estimate of affairs : they look upon the cotton trade as hopelessly destroyed, and recommend wholesale emigration of the " hands." Others, again, occupy the middle position, and while admit ting the improved aspect of affairs, and the sound ness of hopes for future improvement, look forward to a lengthened period of uncertainty and depres sion. To the latter class belongs gr. EDMUND POTTER, who r ea d a p a p er on the present state of the cott on di str i cts at the Edi n b urg h meeting la st week. H e i s b y no means di spos ed to exaggerate the prosp ec t s o f t h e rev i v i ng tra c e , in fact, he rather underrates them. I n co mm o n with many others he cites the present slow extension of the area of cotton cultivation in India as a proof that the undertaking never will be popular there, since even the present high prices have not succeeded in rendering it more general. Such reasoners forget that they must allow for the obstacles existing i n India as to the purchase or cultivation of land, and that the first year or two's crop, grown under a ll preliminary difficulties,is not to be taken as a sample of what India cam accomplish. There is no doubt that the quality end quantity of Indian cotton will both improve rapidly with a little time and care, and we have to thank the same prejudice as that which actuated M r . P O TTER, for the persistent neglect of all other sources of supply heretofore. With regard to the large emigration proposed by some persons as a panacea for all evils, we are glad to find Mr. POTTER expressing himself against any such scheme. He says, very justly, "Emigration is the natural safety valve of an overplus population, one sinking and starving on a non-productive soil, or hanging on a trade decaying for want of demand for Some superseded commodity ; but a harsh, mischievous and costly remedy wLerewith to meet what may be classed as a temporary disruption of a trade." It is so easy to get rid of a difficulty by laying it on other people's shoulders that emi gration has been all along a favourite remedy. W e are to send these poor people across the seas, and so save the trouble, Anxiety, and expense of provid ing for them here. Responsibilities cannot, how ever, be so pleasantly disposed of, and it is very necessary to consider two points before attempting any whol esa l e sc h eme . Th e fi rs t i s , w h e th er th ere is any chance or prospect of the revival of the old trade; secondly, whether the emigrants could find work suited to their capabilities and experience at their journey's end. The first of these queries is now being answered satisfactorily by those most qualified to form a just opinion. The second is more than doubtful, and the gentleman who so strenu ously advocated it at the Edinburgh meeting would probably have been considerably puzzled if called upon to give practical evidence of their words. It seems strange that persons should still be found to take so disparaging a view of affairs when the last returns are so encouraging. It would of course be idle to expect a sudden full tide of prosperity after so long and trying a season of sorrow and scarcity, but we have every ground for hoping that the im provement already perceptible will be continuous, if gradual. It cannot certainly be laid down as a law that cotton will only grow on oat portion of the globe, although it is not surprising that it should have hitherto been almost restricted to that spot, since the great cotton market drew ali its supplies from thence. The description of many of the older m anufacturing town s g i ven b y M r . P OTTER fully confirms what has been said of the advantages offered by t h e Public Works Bill. As a proof of the g reat influence of crowded, ill-ventilated work shops on h ealth, it was remarked by Mr. CHAD WICK that, notw ithstandingth e distress, the death rate, instead of iner e e " slug'had diminished* it is to be hoped th at the attention that has now been turned to Lancashire, its people, and its mills, will effect a benefici a l c h ange Y tu : e f c t i h a e i: e ue pa s particu lars, tieu lars, and will thus en a bl e the %tu-le advantagesfromtheir lonreoati to reap some LATEST INTELLIGENCE. [REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.] ANNEXATION OF POLISH GOVERN MENTS BY RUSSIA, BRESLAU, OCT. 15. The Breslarter Zeitung of to-day announces that an Imperial decree has deteched the Government of Augustow and the district of Lomza from the Kingdom of Poland, and has declared them hence forth incorporated provinces of the Russian Empire. Al 4 aide-de-camp of General Monravieff has already arrived in Suwalki to assumo the office of Governor. FRANCE. PARIS, OCT. 15. An imperial decree, published to-day, says : " Considering the eminent services rendered to the Government by M. Billault, his obsequies will be celebrated at the cost of the public Treasury." The Emperor was not present at the opening of the Italian opera on account of the demise of M. Billault. The King of Greece arrived here last night at 8 o'clock. The Revue Nationale has received a second warn ing for an article by M. Lanfray, "depreciating the policy of the Emperor, and misrepresenting his acts and intentions in a manner calculated to excite hatred and contempt." The sudden death of M. Billault is very generally remarked on by the Paris journals, but the writers seem to have scarcely recovered sufficiently from the shock to enter at any length into an examination of his career, in most cases confining themselves simply to expressions of regret for his loss. The Moniteur has the following tribute to the departed states man :—"This unexpected blow has caused a painful emotion throughout the whole of France. M. Bil lault's death is not only a deep cause of morning for his family and friends, but is also an immense loss for the State and for the Emperor, whom he served with as much devotedness as talent and eloquence." The Constitutionnel expresses itself in these terms----" The eminent services rendered by M. Billault to the Emperor and to the country, his elevated political intelligence, more and more striking proofs of which he was constantly giving, and his talents of the first order, had procured him the distinguished confidence of the Emperor and the esteem and admiration of the nation. Al. Billault had been one of the first of the men of his generation to devote himself to the Empire He bad been one of the first to understand that the Napoleonic tradition was destined to produce all the elements of greatness and prosperity. He had remarked how vain and sterile were those ob stinate party struggles which only aimed at oppos ing obstacles to each other. The Empire appeared to him as the era of realisation. He consecrated himself entirely to it, and was rewarded for that resolution by the glorious triumphs which he ob tained in his career. The labours of the statesman, political orator, and indefatigable servant to the Imperial dynasty filled up the existence of M. Bil lault. He had raised himself high in his more recent struggles, and everything announced that he would rise still higher. He has been stricken down in the prime of life, and in the splendour of his talent V' We find the subjoined passages in the Debats : "This is not the moment to enter into details con cerning the life of M. Billault, of his career as advocate, deputy, and minister, and of the illness which resulted in his premature decease. The men Who have taken part in the affairs of France during the last thirty years, in the midst of so many agitations and incidents, are necessarily exposed to very different judgments; posterity alone will definitively class them in their proper places. But party spirit pauses, for the moment at least, before a tomb which has just opened, and we are convinced that all who have known M. Billault, adversaries or friends, will render equal justice to his talent as a speaker, his administrative capacity, and the amenity of his character. Every good citizen will accord regret to a man who formed one of the illustrations of France." The Siecle is as little eulogistic as it can be with any propriety. It says :—" His political life is di vided into two very distinct parts. In the first part of his career, he was the ardent defender of representative institutions, and in the second he abandoned them. The political historian will here after have to seek for the cause of that change. We shall confine ourselves for the present to saying that Billault was a man of great talent as a speaker, and of great ability in explaining from the tribune the ideas of the Imperial Government, which will not be able to readily replace him." The Union, the Monde, and the Nord merely mention the event. The Gazel'e de France has the sab joined :—" The death of M. Billault is a grave event. The talent and skill which he had recently displayed in explaining and defending the Imperial policy rendered him, as it were, the parliamentary personification of the present regime. M. 8.1 !atilt was :Minister of State, and since the last re organisation had been considered as the leader, or, in any case, the pivot, of the new Ministerial com bination, which has not yet been tried before the Chambers. It' the principle of that combination is maintained, the official organ may be expected to publish shortly the nomination of a successor to M. Billault, which will be itself an event, from the special signification which it cannot fail to have, according to the political character of the man who shall be chosen." BOURSE, Oct. 14.—The market is in a complete state of inactivity, with prices almost unvaried, Threes, for the Account, having alternated between 67f. 50c. and 67f. 60c., and being now at the former price. Mobilier slightly lower. offered, and rather lower. The mar ket closed as follows : Railway Shares It per Cents. 96 Do. end month 3 per Cents Do. end month G7 .55 Credit Mobilier 1168 75 Do. end month 1167 50 Bank Shares 3350 Credit 1 oncier 1325 BAIL' Italian Loan 73 50 Do. end month 73 55 New ditto ....... Do. end month 73 20 Russian AustrianBs Spanish Threes _ ___ Rome Debt .. 52 75 'AYS. Cash. Account. Orleans .... 980 .. 983 75 Northern 9SS .. 983 75 New ditto Lyons and Mediterranean 1013 75 .. 961 25 Geneva 498 75 .. -- Southern 7OO .. 701 25 Western Eastern - ~ 508 7,5 Sardinian 417 50 .. 417 50 Austrian Lombard ........ 565 .. 563 75 North of Spain ........ 548 75 • . 660 Sar agossa .............. 638 70 . • 640 Ditto to Barcelona .• • • 347 50 .. 35 0 ---- INDIA, CHINA, AND AUS TRALIA. By the arrival of the Calcutta mail we have re ceived our private correspondence and files of papers from Calcutta to th e Bth September ; Hong kong, 28th August ; Melbourne, 25th A ugust ; Sydney, 21st August; and Auckl and, to the 11th August. The Calcutta papers do not Contain much news of interest. ...........•••••• THE WAR IN NEW ZEALAND. The latest advices from Auckland are to the 11th of August. The New Zealander of the 4th gives a " carefully con sidered estimate" of a native army of 7,500 fighting men that could at once be brought into the field against the Queen's troops. Allowing one-third for contingencies, it remarks that " even 5,000 would be found a powerful array for our scattered line of defenders to encounter and arrest." The total amount of her Majesty's forces may be reckoned at something like 5,000 men of all arms, a very inadequate army to furnish garrisons for posts, and take the offensive in the field against an enemy whose tactics are eudden murder, and a bold stand behind their own entrenchments, or a trial of strength in manly conflict. It is said that Sikhs may be expected from India—the remainder of the 12th, 40th, and artillery (about 1,000 in all) from Australia and Tasmania ; reinforcements from England are likewise spoken of, and the general Government are reported to haTe decided upon raising leTies iu the Australian colonies to the number of 5,00) men. All these, however, are yet but rumours; and in the meantime there is a growing in•. dication of an exodus of those who have lately come among us, and who are not yet compelled by law to enter into our militia. The field of conflict with the natives has been changed. The scene of ection is no longer at Taranaki, but on the Waikato, the country in the rear of Waikato, and within 30 miles of the capital. Taranaki, at present, is all quiescent. Auckland, on the contrary, is in a state of feverish in quietude and excitement, the murderous natives swarming in the mountain ranges in General Cameron's rear, " weed ing" (as colonials phrase it) the solitary and defenceless settlers ; dexterously avoiding to come in contact with troops in the open, but ever and anon exhibiting an unim pressionable front in advance. Individuals and families have been barbarously assassinated by these cowardly ruffians, who glory in such butcheries as superior instances of their skill in war. "Auckland, and the country for 40 miles to the south. ward, is one vast camp ; General Cameron occupying the most forward position at Koheroa. "The troops in the front consist of detachments of the 12th, 14th, and 18th Regiments, the greater portion of the 40th, the entire of the 65th, part of the 70th, Captain Mercer's artillery (partially mounted), and (local forces) portions of the Auckland Rifle Volunteers, Auckland Militia Auckland Defence Corps (mounted), Otahuhu Royal Volunteer Cavalry, and Naval Volunteers; this local force being under the command of Major-General Galloway, late of the 70th Regiment. AMERICA. (REUTER'S EXPRESS.) (Per City of Washington.) NEW YORK, OCT. 3. Nothing new has occurred at Chattanooga. There are various rumours afloat of disasters to Rosencranz, but the latest reliable accounts re present his army to be still undisturbed in their strong defensive position. General Meigs, re cently returned from Chattanooga to Washington, gives positive assurance that Rosencranz has nothing to fear from any attack that can be made upon him, and that his communications are com plete, and not seriously threatened. Confederate accounts represent General Bragg to be complete master of the situation, and that Rosencranz will soon be compelled to come out and give battle, when they are confident of his an nihilation. It is generally admitted that no rein • forcements can reach Rosencranz from General Grant. Contradictory reports continue to come in con cerning the whereabouts and condition of General Burnside's army. A despatch from Bristol, Ten nessee, dated 29th ult., states that Burnside was retreating from Jonesboro', pursued by Confederate cavalry. This is flatly contradicted in Washington. Everything in General Meade's army remains unchanged. A reconnoitring party had returned and reported the entire corps of General D. H. Hill to be in strong position on the south side of the Rapidan. A large Confederate force was said bbe in motion towards the Blue Ridge, and a movement down the valley of the Shenandoah was anticipated. The Confederates were reported 10,000 strong at Mount Jackson. A despatch to the Richmond Examiner states that General Weitzel had been defeated and killed at Napoleon, La., by the rebels under General Dick Taylor. This report is not generally believed, al though General Weitzel, on his return from the Sabine Pass expedition, had gone on another expe dition with his division, and had not since been heard of. Affairs at Charleston remained unchanged on the 26th, Gen. Gillmore was erecting seige guns and making preparations for a general attack. Con federacy journals express every confidence that the city will not be taken. A terrible state of anarchy existed in the border counties of Missouri, the Kansas Abolitionists, at latest accounts, were desolating the whose country, under command of Gen. Jim Lane and Col. Jennison. Thousands of the inhabitants had sought refuge in the forests, their houses being destroyed. A delega tion from Kansas waited recently on President Lin coln, and demanded the removal of Gen. Schofield from the command of that department, and re quested that General Butler be placed in command. It is thought the President will accede to their demands. Several persons were arrested a fews days since in St. Louis, and placed in irons, charged with being engaged in a conspiracy to burn all steamers in the Western waters that are of service to the Government. A cypher letter was found which, on being deciphered, disclosed a well organised plot to effect the object of the conspirators. The matter is being thoroughly investigated. A grand municipal reception was given on Thursday to the officers of the Russian fleet. Three brigades of troops paraded. In replying to the addresses of Maya. Opdyke and the aldermen, Admiral Lisoffaki confined his remarks to the occasion entirely. A great Republication Ratification meeting was held on Wednesday evening at the Cooper Insti tute, Resolutions were passed endorsing the Eman cipation and Confiscation Acts, and the entire course of the Administration, including the suspen sion of the habeas corpus. Governor Seymour and the peace party were severely denounced, and charged with being the cause of the late Federal reverses. Vice-President Hamlin, in a speech of some length, indulged in severe vituperation of Democrats and peace men. COMMERCIAL INTELLIGENCE. NEW YORK, OCT. 2 (P.M.). Breadstuffs—Flour active, and prices improved; to-day's sales comprise 1D,200 brie. State and Western, 2,600 brls. Southern, and 670 brls. Cana dian. Superfine State and Western, 5 dols. 10c. to 6 dols. 45c.; extra State, 5 dols. 60c. to 6 dols. 25c.; common to choice Western, 5 dols. 70c. to 9 dole. 25c.; Canadian, 5 dols. 70c. to 7 dols. 60c.; Southern, mixed to good, 6 dols. to 6 dols. 95c.; extra do., 7 dole. to 8 dols. 100. good to choice family do., 8 dols. 15c. to 9 dole. 25c.; rye flour, superfine, 5 dole. 10c. to 5 dols. 60c.; corn meal, 4 dole. 35c, t' 5 dole.; do. puncheons, 22 dole. 50c.; wheat active and higher— receipts amount to 42,000 bushels ; sales, 158,000 bushels, at 1 dol. 50c. to 1 dol. 580. for Western white ; 1 dol. 43c. for Ambor Western ; I', dol. 35c. for red ditto; 8 dol. 28c. for New Chicago. _ . Oats more advancing—Canadian sold at 66c. to 73c.; Western, 73c.; Slate, 74c. Coffee firm, but quiet—Rio, 30Ic. to 32c; Java, 37c. to 38c. ; Ceylon, 32c. to 33c. ; Maracaibo, 30e. to 32c. ; San Domingo, 26c. to 27c. Cotton, firm and active—Sales, 3,100 bales, at 80c., and 85c. for middling. Sugars more active—Sales, 3,000 hogsheads, at 13c. for New Orleans; 121 for Cubs. Tallow.—Sales 250,000 lbs. at 114 to 113. Tobacco.—Sales good. 447 hhds. Kentucky sold at N. to 21f i c.; 3,820 cases seed leaf at 14-1 to 20 cents. Wool.—Sales of 350,000 lbs of fleece, at 62c. to 70c. ; 100,000 lbs., pulled, at 590. to 70c. ; 700 bales African and 1,000 bales Western on private terms. AN ANECDOTE of one of Herr Von Bismark's German colleagues. The Kladderadatsch had illus trated several caricatures of Herr Von Beust, the ingenious Conservative Saxon Premizr. Herr Von Beust presented one of his friends, who was on the point of starting f or Berlin, with one of his photographic likenesses, saying, " Please to hand this picture to the editor of the lactddera datsch, who has lately been honouring me by a intense interest for my person.. I have , however, remarkewith infinite regret that he possessee 110 good portrait of me.? THE POLISH INSURRECTION. POSEN, Oat. 9. The Warsaw correspondent of the Posener Journal gives the following pictures of the present condition of the Polish provinces ; If a shot is fired from your house, the dwelling will be pillaged and confiscated, and you yourself brought before a court-martial. The same fate is in store for you if any person's life is attempted in front of your abode or in your courtyard. If arms or anything of a suspicious character are discovered in the rooms of one of your tenants, you will have to answer it before the court-martial. If a suspected person is arrested in your house, you will be brought before a court-martial. If any one commits a crime in the streets, and takes refuge in your house, you will be brought before a court-martial. If the wind puffs out the light in the entrance hull of your house, you will b.) punished with the full severity of martial law. Unfortunate proprietors of 'Warsaw houses, on all sides the gibbet is your only prospect ! If an attempt upon the life of any one takes place within a house, all the inhabitants, without distinc tion of age or sex, are considered accomplices, and, as such, brought before a court•martial. If before or within a house or in the adjoining courtyard a political murder takes place, all the inhabitants are responsible to a court-martial. Passers by, stopped in the street at the time of the event in case of the actual culprit's flight, are subjected to the punish ment which would have been inflicted upon the author of the attempt, had he been taken. Un fortunate tenants! unfortunate passers by ! who among you is sure of the morrow ? Workpeople in whose possession is found too large a quantity of objects capable of being used for equipping or pro visioning insurgents are brought before a court martial, and everything they have is confiscated. Unfortunate workpeople, for you also the gibbet is prepared ! Landed proprietors upon whose estates insur gents may be, or across whose lands they have passed, equally with those who furnish provisions to the revolutionists, are brought before a court martial, their mansions plucdered, then set on fire. Unfortunate landed proprietors, you live in mortal fear ! Officials who do not wear round hats, those who do not shave off their moustaches, and those who allow their wives and daughters to wear black gar ments, are considered favourable to the National Government. Therefore, they receive their dismis sal ; therefore, they are subsequently brought before a court-martial. Unfortunate officials, the sword of Damocles is also suspended over your heads ! In fine, we are all guilty, all condemned to death, and a drunken and licentious soldiery familiarises us with this death daily, hunting us through the streets with sabre cute and bayonet stabs, not to mention the insults inflicted upon us by the Cos sacks with delight. Our situation grows more dan gerous from day to day. Yet all the brutal vio. fence, all the refined cruelty, all the savage license and unexampled barbarities of Russia do not weaken the spirit of Poland. They nerve her, on the con trary, to combat the oppressor with energy and courage that defy defeat. TIM SON. LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, ocroBER 15, 1863 A Ladlefull of " Punch," THE EARTHQUAKE was felt in many parts of London. Old Beery, the churchwarden, declaring that when he came out of the Marquis of Granby the pavement hit him on the nose, and that his street door wouldn't let him get his latch-key in. GEORGINA—" Why, what's the matter with my little Poppet?'" LITTLE POPPET—" Oh, Aunty dear, Walter can't find his stumps, so he is making a wicket of my best doll I" BLACK AND WHITE.—The King of Dahomey is ex pected at St. Petersburg on a visit to the Emperor of Russia. After a short sojourn with Alexander the Second, his sable majesty will proceed to Wilna, and stay some time with General Mouravieff in order to witness the butcheries which are going on in Poland. QUESTION FOR THE CLERK OF ST. BRIDE'S.—Why is a very stout bridesmaid like a first-rate bottle of claret ? Because she's all body and bouquet. A SATISFACTORY EXPERIMENT was made last week with Mr. Curtis's apparatus in the Charger gunboat at Sheerness. The principle is difficult to describe in our space, but the purpose is to facilitate steering and turning the vessel, and this it accomplishes with neaLly the same celerity as the double screw, completing the circle in little more than two minutes in the space of the vessel's length. It does not, however, possess the advantages of the double screw, on account of its exposure to injury by the rudder or sternposts being struck, which, in this re • spect, are no better protected than the present screw, There fore, however successfully it may be applied to existing ships, it is not calculated to interrupt the steps now taken to bring that important improvement into operation. PREPARING FOR INDIA.—Those who had never made the journey before, appeared to expect that their Indian experiences would commence as soon as they left Southampton, By much reading of guide-books they brought their minds into a state which rendered it impos sible to call their lunch anything but tiffin, or their cigars anything but cheroots; and I believe that but for the ruth less prohibition of the cold weather they would already have began to don their white clothing, of which they had, with a prudence quite unnecessary, kept out a supply for impos sible contingencies. By talking to the old Indians on board —who gave themselves airs of superiority—they had actually picked up whole phrases of Hindustanee in the first few days, which they aired remorselessly, to the confusion of appropriateness and the bewilderment of comprehension. They bought Government Manillas (made in the Minories) of the stewards, by way of training, and realised in the begin ning a no uncommon ena,by making themselves thoroughly sick of the country to which they were bound.—Dickens's All the Year Round." PROGNOSTICS OF THE WEATHER.—OId expe rience lays down sundry wise saws. When the stars look larger than ordinary, it is a sign of change of weather. Very bright or double rainbows indicate long continued rain; the same when the rain smokes as it falls on the ground. Lightning in winter is a sign of coming snow, wind, or tempest. Bats flying about in unusual numbers announce that the next day will be warm and fine. Flies bite sharper and tease you more before a tem pest. When the gnats dance in the setting sunshine, some hold it a sign of fine weather to-morrow, while sceptics de clare it is only a sign of fine weather to-day. If it rain on the 3d of May, there will be no walnuts; if on the 15th of June, no grapes. Plenty of snow precedes an abundant year; plenty of rain, the contrary. A rainy autumn spoils the wine of that year, end threatens a poor crop of wheat next year. A fine autumn is mostly followed by a windy winter; a wet spring and summer by a fine autumn. On the other hand, when the autumn is fine, the following spring is apt to bo rainy,—" _London Society" for October. A DANGEROUS PLAYTHING.—A lad dwelling with his parents in one of some cottages known as Radmore, near Portsmouth, a few days since found an eight-inch spherical shell on some of the adjacent mud lands of the harbour ; after considerable labour he managed to deposit it in the garden plot in front of his home. On Saturday, about 4 p.m., the lad's father being absent from home "shrimping," the former determined to try it his prize was a loaded shell, and if so, to let it off. A train of powder was quickly laid to the half-filled fuse aperture in the shell, and the lad, at the other end of the small garden, fired the train. The shell exploded with a terrific roar. The inmates of the other cottages rushed out of doors in a state of terror. Scarcely a pane of glass was left unbroken, while doors and window-sashes were shaken from their fastenings. The cause of the mischief was found lying in the garden, bleeding and burnt by the fire from the explosion, but, strangety enough, untouched by any of the fragments of the shell itself, which were thrown upwards, and some pieces fell at an immense distance. A baker's boy, passing with his handcart of bread in a lane at the back of the cot tage, was thrown down by the force of the explosion, and f ou nd himself suddenly scrambling among his loaves on the ground. The poor boy who fired the shell was conveyed to the Landport Hospital, where his injuries were attended to, and hopes are given of his speedy convalescence. PLANTING TREES IN TOWNS.—In the first place, it should be seen that the plants, trees, and shrubs be moved with care. The trees should be moved from the nursery with as much mould as possible about their roots, and fresh soil should be at hand to fill the holes with, and some care should be taken that this is let in among the fibrous roots, pressed down firmly, and well watered, re. peating the watering occasionally till the plants are started, and then freely using the hose over their tops at times. I believe the best time to plant trees in town is the latter end of February, if possible ; they then get nicely settled, and start as soon as the growing weather commences. The principal causes injurious to the vitality of plants with which cultivators of gardens in Forge towns have to contend with are the evaporation of the juices of the plants by the extreme droughts of summer, and by carbonic influences, occasion • ing shrinking oc the vessels and consequent disease, as they miss those salutary dews so essential to vegetation, and which are seldom experienced in towns. To compen sate for this as much as possible, a good washing with the hose about once a fortnight over the trees and shrubs will clean off the soot and feed the plants, and an occa sional watering from a water-pot rose will prove of great service to the flower department.—Ribberd's Gardener's Magazine. d. - - -- , --'—', .r- . , . 4, • qt. +-.- .. 4 :`-' ' girtign m in i 4 ....,,...,:,-- THE QUEEN IN SCOTLAND. BALMORAL, Oct. 13. The Queen went out yesterday morning, attended by Lady Churchill. In the afternoon the Queen, accompanied by the Princess 01 Prussia, and Princess Helena drove to Alt-na Gurthasach. Princess Louise went out riding, attended by Lady Chuichill. The Prince and Princess of Wales. Th. Prince of Wales and Prince Frederick of Denmark, attended by Captain Grey, rode on horse back yesterday. The Princess of Wales and Princess Christian of Denmark, took a carriage drive in the forenoon. Their Royal Highnesses, with the Princess Dagmar, took an airing in an open carriage in the afternoon. Mr. Jerry Barrett had the honour on Tuesday of submitting his large picture of " The Queen's Drawing-room in St. James's Palace to an inspec tion of their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, his Majesty the King of the Greeks, and the members of the Danish royal family, at Marlborough House. The Prince and Princess of Wales, Prince and Princess Christian of Denmark, with the Princess Dagmar, honoured Mr. Theodore Jensen with a visit at his studio in Berner& street, to view his full length portrait of theirßoyal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales in their State Robes. The Duke of Cambridge paid a visit to Prince Christian of Denmark at Marlborough House. Prince Christian of Denmark visited the Russian and French Ambassadors at their respective resi dences. Last evening the Prince and Princess of Wales, Prince and Princess Christian of Denmark, with Prince Frederick and the Princesss Degmar, honoured the performance at the Haymasket Theatre with their presence. In attendance were the Hon. Mrs. AV. Grey, the Countess Reventlow, Captain Grey, Captain Lund, and Captain Casten schjold. DEPARTURE OF THE PRINCE AND PRINCESS OF WALES FOR SANDRINGHA3L—This day at noon their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princessof Wales, Prince and Princess Christian of Denmark, and their respective suites, left Marlborough-house for Sandringham, tia the Eastern Counties Railway. THEATRE ROYAL, HAYMARKET.—This theatre was last evening honoured by a special command from their Royal Highnesses the Prince and Princess of Wales, who, accompanied by the Prince and Princess Christian of Denmark, Prince Frederick, and the Princess Dagmar, arrived sufficiently early to see the first represen tation this season of " The Rivals," and remained for the farce of "The Bengal Tiger." PRINCE ALFRED.—His Royal Highness Prince Alfred returned to Edinburgh, from Aberdeen, on Tuesday night, accompanied by Prince William of Hesse. It is stated to be the intention of Prince William of Hesse to reside in Holyrood Palace during the winter, and to attend the classes at the University with Prince Alfred. QUEEN AMELIE has arrived at Claremont from Tunbridge Wells. The venerable ex -Queen of the French is in good health. The Duke of Somerset left his official residence at the Admiralty yesterday for Stovor. House, near Totness. The Duke of Newcastle has left town for his seat, Clumber Park, Notts. The Duke of Argyll leaves town to-morrow to join the duchess and family at Inverary Castle, N.B. The Earl of Dudley is expected to arrive in a few days at Witley Court, his seat in Worcestershire, from Black Mount, his shooting box in the Highlands. The Earl de Grey left Carlton-gardens yester day for his seat, Studley Park, near Ripon. The Earl and Countess Somers left town yester day for Eastnor Castle, Herefordshire, for the winter. The Earl and Countess of Balmore have left Brown's Hotel for Castle Coole. The Countess (Dowager) Spencer leaves town to-morrow for Hagley Hall, near Stourbridge, on a visit to Lord Lyttelton. _ _ Count Sponneck had an interview with the Duke of Newcastle at the Colonial-office on'Tnesday. The Countess Alexandre and Madlle. Kodrof skoy have returned b the Brunswick Hotel, Jermyn street, from the Isle of "Wight. Viscount Palmerston left London yesterday for his seat, Broadlands, Hants. The Lord Bishop of London and Mrs. Tait are this week the guests of Lord and Lady Comber mere, at Combermere Abbey, Cheshire, and of the Marquis and Marchioness of Cholmondeley, at Cholmondeley Castle, in the same county. On Saturday next, we believe, the hishop and Mrs. Tait are to join the Chancellor of the Exchequer and Mrs. Gladstone at Hawarden Castle, near Chester, the seat of Sir Stephen Glynne, Bart., brother-in law of the right hon. gentleman, for a few days. Lord and Lady Onesham have arrived in Gros venor-square from Latimers, Bucks. Mr. and Lady Harriet Wegg Prosser leave town this week for Cannes, to pass the winter months. The Right Hon. Sir Charles Wood will leave town at the close of the week for Hickleton Hall, York shire. THE EARL OF LEITRIM.—The Evoung Pose of last night says :—The Earl of Leitrim has been superseded in the Commission of the Peace for the counties of Donegal) Leitrim, and Galway. ASSAULT ON TILE DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM.--- On behalf of the Duke of Buckingham, Mr. Slack and Mr. Robertson applied to the city magistrates, on Tuesday last, for a summons against Messrs. Geo, and Win. Norton, commercial travellers, of Reading, on a charge of assault. The bench granted the application, fixing the hear ing of the case for Saturday next. We understand that the alleged assault took place on Friday at the Bath Railway Station. The Duke arrived here by the eight o'clock train, from Teignmouth, accompanied by the Duchess and other members of his family. After they had alighted, and whilst his Grace was engaged in removing some packages from the compartment in which they had travelled, the Messrs. Norton are stated to have pushed rudely against him, in order to get into the carriage. Whether their con duct was resented we cannot say, but, as we are informed, the commercials seized the Duke, dragged him out of the compartment, handled him very roughly, and actually gaVO him a shaking. High words followed, and one of the Nortons is said to have struck at his Grace, the blow reach ing the front of his hat and knocking it in. The Duke came to Bath on Tuesday, from Oxford, specially to take out summonses against his assailants.—Bath Chronick, Oct. 15. THE KING OF PRUSSIA AND PROFESSOR VOL' CHOW.—A letter from Berlin to ihe Corresponded of Aurembery says :—lt is related that during her last stay at Gotha Queen Victoria, in conversing with the King of Prussia, who was paying her a visit, spoke; to him, among others, of physiological works were held in En g land. A. of Professor Virchow, and of the g.-eat esteem id. which few days after the King met t he p rofessor in a promen ade. Accosting him, he said to him, " The Queen of England has heard of you. lam proud of having at the University of Berlin professors so celebrated ; only it is a pity that you , concern yourself with politics, and that you vote with the democrats." M. Virchow immediately replied, " Sire, what you tell me places me in a situation similar to that of the French artilleryman in the French campaign of 179 2 * That artilleryman had been made prisoner, after defending himself heroically, and Ki ng Frederick William said to him, `You are a bra ve so ldi er; on l y it is a pity that you are fighting for such a bad cause.' Citizen William,' re. plied the republican volunteer, let us speak of something else; we shall never agree on that subject.' AUTUMN LEAVES.—In the garden, currant bushe 4 and laburnums decay first, even while the foliage round them is still green. Indeed, most fruit. bearing treed and bushes begin to lose their leaves as soon as the fruit is mature. Apple trees, however, are an exception, the young summer shoots fluttering their bravery of verdur e through all the early frosts until quite the end of Novelly tier. When these leaves fall, the pruner knows he loaf use his knife. The first appearance of autumn in the orchard is invariably among the walnut-trees. The foul berry, which puts on its su mmer f o li age l a test of our familiar trees, and is generally supposed to lose it at the first frost, is even stronger than the walnut, and waves fl beautiful head of the deepest green leaves long after that tree has become ragged and unsightly. The ash, if it bears many keys, is perhaps the next in succession to lose it ° leaves. Many ashes bear no seeds, and then they abouo 4 in foliage, while their more fertile brethren look the pictur ° of misery. The high winds, which generally set in vvi Vlf the end of September, soon cause the acacia to be in distrese —while even at the end of August the white poplars has r° lost all their beauty, and many of their leaves. As an ore'' thologiat can, within a very small margin, tell the elec t day of the year by noting the arrival and departure of tl i° migratory birds, and the botanist construct a floral tia' e : piece by remarking at what hours of the day the ditiereo; flowers close and expand, eo a lover of the country wiio almost exactly hit upon the precise period of spring'a 143 . ; , proach or autumn's decay, by observing what hues we' predominant in the foliage around big,--Once