The Sun. — London, England, 1863-01-21 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—It is not without reason that charity, even in the definite form of almsgiving, should be described as something beyond vulgar calculation and commercial estimates. A mau may " give all his goods to the poor," and yet neither he nor they be at all the better for it. It is a matter that re quires as much labour and anxiety as any mercau tile business or political affair, quite as strong a hand, and a higher cast of intelligence and feeling. The more sensible pert of the British public know this full well, and they feel it a very great security that the immense operation of relieving the Cot ton Districts is in the hands of men accustomed to the highest place in public affair& The name of Lord Derby is a host in this instance. A million or a million and a half of money is no trifling addition to the outgoings of the classes spscially burdened with social obligations. Besides all else they have to do, they have also to do at home, in a more pri vete way, that which they are doing in the mass for the Cotton Districts. They have to find employ. ment or maintenance for those who have it not ; to rectify from their own supposed surplus the short comings of seasons, the ebbs of prosperity, the failures of enterprise, and the penalties of improvi dence. In order to do this they have to deny them selves, to renounce not only enjoy ments but hope ful undertakings, to forego opportunities, and, in a word, be poor, that others may be rich—at least for tho hour. Accustomed as they are to choose their modes of expenditure, to select the object, to watch the process, and to unite with the open palm the active brain and the sympathetic soul, it is not without a pang that they commit a round sum of money to a distant region, an accumulated heap, unknown administrators, and a recipient multi tude. Tney are tender o n these points. Their confi- They are as anxious to hear dence is easily shake n. that responsible men are engaged in the work as they would be to know that a good general was in charge of an army in the field. To Lord Derby's political views we have nothing to say. They are probably comprised in the belief that while he can not himself be Premier Lord Palmerston may as well fill the place. But Lord Derby is at least ac customed to give due proportion and weight to a variety of conflicting considerations. He will not recoil from one error into another. He will consider what on the whole is best to be done, even if it be still open to objection. It is no small testimony to our institutions that a statesman who has been long in power, who is the recognized head of the oppo sition, and will probably be in power again, is found at the head of a great voluntary and national work, which in its importance and difficulty might take rank with a department of the State. The difficulties recognized by Lord Derby in the " Sug gestions" before us are those which arise from the existence of other resources and from the mixed character of the claims for relief. He reserves for future adjustment the case of those whose poverty does not rise out of the Cotton Famine, and the question of supplementing the parish allowance by additional relief. Time has been when the bare proposition would have been thought monstrous; but it cannot be diseeissed so easily now. As the object of the Fund is to relieve destitution, what is to be done with those who are not absolutely desti tute, but have some sort of property ? Money in the Swings Banks must be withdrawn: Nor can the Relief Fund be applied to pay subscriptions to sick clubs or benefit societies. They must manage their I own affairs, and do what they think proper in each case. But there are three modes of investment much in favour with the operatives—Co operative Socie ties, yielding better dividends, and also advantages in the purchase of the clothing, the flour, or the provisions produced ; Joint-Stock Companies for carrying on the cotton and other manufactures; and cottage and bailding societies. All these invest rnents may be profitable in good time, and at such times the shares may be at a premium. Now they are unprofitable, unsaleable, and whether mort gaged or not mortgaged, becoming of no assignable value. In these cases Lord Derby takes the simple question whether the applicant for relief can live on his so-called property,—Can he get rent or divi dend? Can he sell or mortgage? Supposing he can 'obtain the merest trifle, is he to be compelled to part with his interest altogether to the people who may choose to profit by the emergency ? The same difficulty extends to the case of the very small shop• keepers, who are now penniless through the failure of their custom. Lord Derby is for giving these classes the benefit of that "salt" of charity which should season all human affairs. It cannot be either common humanity or common sense, or for the com mon weal, to compel all these persons to make sacri fices which to them are the utter abandonment of their prospects, and to the Relief Fund will be very small saving. It is not easy to adjust this recom mendation with that given in the case of s vings banks ; but in that case deposited will be £5 drawn out, and there is no loss. It is not so in the case of the other investments. There a saving of £2O may, under a forced sale, result in the return of a few shillings. It may be said, indeed, that we ought not to lay down a rule that will discourage the safer investment in the savings-banks and offer a premium to some not very sound undertakings, but for the present we do not see our way to another mode of settling the difficulty than Lord Derby's, unless, indeed, we are to pauperise all Lancashire and Cheshire. HERALD. —What is to be done with Greece ? In taking that little country under their tutelage the three great Powers have incurred a responsibility of which they cannot get rid, but which every day seems to become more burdensome. The government of the unfortunate Bavarian was weak and bad, but if the difficulty of replacing him should continue much longer we should begin to regret the revolu tion which dethroned him. Any government is better than none at all, and in Greece at the present moment every man does what is right in his own eyes. A part of the population being afflicted with a confu sion of ideas on the subject of meum and tuum, has betaken itself to brigandage and violence of the most lawless kind. Flagrant instances have oc curred in the immediate neighbourhood of the capi tal. Travelling in this country is now beset with dangers of every imaginable kind_ We must not say that property and life are unsafe on the roads, because, strictly speaking, there are in Greece no roads at all. Never since the Turks left it has Greece had a government worthy the name, and now the country is a prey to the direst anarchy. The British Government is bent upon finding a King for Greece. Prince Alfred, elected by the plebzsczte, has been refused to the Greek people. , Our Ministers consider, however, that they still possess a sort of right of nomination. The Greeks have paid us the compliment of desiring that their fu rtare dynasty shall be closely connecte d with that of ofn hgtland. Even without this, as represent in g one , protecti ng Powers, the British Govern ment ho e s ce rtainly a voice in the matter. More than this, in offering to t c t e h de the lonian Islands, on the understanding that ac cededeir to, they ha ve done wishes shall be r best to constitute themselves supreme arbiters r a i nd masters of the privilege situation. Whether such a were worth such a sacrifice is another question rto t it o ther. In proposing a candidate for the va can t there are two chief difficulties to be encountered—the possible repugnance of any eligible Prince the un dertake a task of more than ordinary danger, and the possible opposition on the part of the Greek people to the selection recommended to them. Hitherto the first difficulty has been the most pro minent. The throne has been declined for the pungt' r brother of the heir apparent of England on grouuds of policy to) obvious to be gainsaid. Ic has been proposed to the ex-King Ferdinand of Portugal, the cousin of the late Prince Albert. This Prince has declined the honour of such a candida ture. The Duke Ernest of Saxe -Coburg Gotha, brother of Prince Albert, and his elder by one year, one of the most likely, and reputed not the least ambitious of available Princes, was the next resort of the diplomatists who have such trouble in finding a King. It is rumoured in well-informed quarters that this Prince is not unwilling to accept the can didature, which it is sought to impose upon him. His visit to his relation, the King of the Belgians, at Brussels, just at this juncture, would by itself SEEM to augur the probability o f this acceptance. King Leopold is said to have taken a very promi. nent part in these delicate negociations. He natu rally takes some interest in the prospects of a country of which he was himself once chosen to be King. The Dulie of S ixe Coburg is a man of no ordinary mould. Nature seems to have designed him for a wider sphere of influence than that of the petty and third-rate principality which finds itself powerless for good or for evil in the presence of the great German States which dictate the policy of the Bund. As it is, Prince Ernest has made him self very prominent as a sort of leader of the party of Young Germany. To him is owing the only practical scheme for the realisation of the dream of a united Germany. He is the heart and soul of rifle club meetings and gatherings of the people. He has a taste for liberal and constitutional govern ment, which is even in advance of the aspirations of his compatriots. Serious disaffection has been produced among the people of the little duchy by the attempt of the Duke to govern all them on Eng lish principles. The prophet honour h in his own cov.ntry, and betook hiselefxtolotrrearvsealftrenr the East and the quest of missing explorers the sources of the Nile, as to a sphere that seemed to promise more a man al thant t h o a g t et o h f er Ger man politics. The Prince be yond his age, a man of resthetic asp:rations and a noble ambition. Ho has not found the sources of the Nile more accessible than the recondite springs o f Teutonic policy. He has transferred his spirit of geographical research to the windings of the Allee Verte and the solitudes of Lacken. It is there that he may dream a happier dream than his last— a dream of the revival of the golden rule of Pericles. Should he accept the throne of Greece we recom mend him to give up for the present his notions of constitutional government. The Greeks are chil dren in such matters, and incapable of governing themselves. The new King would find it impossi ble to maintain himself for a week, unless he were backed up by a British or German army. Men who are acquainted with Greece tell us—and we believe there is much truth in it—that what the people need just now is a good strong despotism wielded by a just man, who will set his face against corruption and violence; will crush out the petty tyrants who billet the provinces, reorganise the army, and exterminate the brigands. We do not envy the man who may have to rule over such a people as the Greeks, or undertake the adminis tration of a country that for forty years has been in a state of chronic disorder. POST.—The Mexican letter of the Emperor of the French appertains to what nas been called the poetry of politics. It is interesting, no doubt, as conveying to the public the general ideas which were floating in the mind of Napoleon 111. six nr,nths and more ago. But a document six months old, which confines itself to the assertion of then present intentions, and bases those intentions upon conditions which may or may not be realised, is obviously liable to be obsolete. In a natural course of things this letter has been presented with other documents to the French Chambers. Nor is its publication at the present time by any means un desirable; for the vehement debates that have lately taken place in the Spanish Chambers have imparted every conceivable distortion to the Mexican policy of the French Government. It would seem that, almost simultaneously, General Forey in Mexico, and the French Ministers at Paris, arrived at the conclusion that this imperial manifesto should be given to the world. Nor is the coincidence sur prising. It was not ill-calculated to win over dis affected persons in Mexico itself; and it tenth d to place the designs attributed to France at Madrid in a fairer light than the hostile passions of conflicting parties there had rendered possible. We may thus perceive at once why General Furey on the one hand, and the French Ministers on the other, have recently arrived at a common and apparently inde pendent conclusion to give publicity to the Em peror's letter, even if it had not seemed of itself to require a place among the correspondence just submitted to the Chambers. But we must acknowledge that, although this document does that credit to the perceptions and views of Napoleon 111. which is always reflected by his published correspondence, we fail to find in it anything that is new at the present juncture. The two considerations which are here brought most clearly into view are, in the first place, the contingency of a monarchy being established in Mexico; and, secondly, the motives which had led the Emperor of the French to attempt the reorgani sation of the Mexican Government in such a manner as to be independent of the Northern and Southern Confederacies. The former of these points contains no fresh announcement, and we believe that this journal was the first to give the world reason to think that such a scheme was floating at some of the Continental Courts. That intimation was sug gested by us as far back as a year ago. The Empe ror of the French stated, six months back, in the present letter to Gen. Fore, very much what Gen. Prim has already stated in the Spanish Chambers — that in the event of the Mexican nation being dis posed to adopt a monarchical form of government, the Emperor himself was willing to give protection and support to their wish. It may even be added, from the terms of the imperial letter now before us, that Napoleon 111. would have been more willing to see the Mexican people resolve on a monarchical than on a republicat. polity. That appears to be the gist of the communication in question, and we are by no means surprised that such should have been the Emperor's general view of the subject six months ago. Bat it has for some time subsequently appeared clear that the monarchy dream in Mexico is at an end. We have in the first place the testi mony of Gen. Prim, that the French Government had been grossly deceived by Almonte, who had no party whatever in the country, and that there was hardly a man in all Mexico who would vote for a monarchy. This view again has been confirmed by the circumstantial intelligence of many suc cessive mails from the Gulf of Mexico. It was but natural, however, that the Emperor of the French should still adhere to the general view which he had sketched at the outset. The scheme was nothing more than conditional then. It was dependent on the Mexicans declaring in favour of a monarchy ; and the same may be said now, with the impor tant distinction, however, that the hypothesis on which the idea of a Mexican monarchy was first suggested has in the interval, according, at least, to all the means of information which we can possess in Europe, proved to be erroneous. With regard to the alleged advance of the French army upon Puebla, we must content ourselves with the obser vation that the statement is not at present con ' firmed. The last mail left General Forey, accord ing to the statement of the semi-official French journals at P aris, where he was, and postponed his advance until early in January. He was then described as awaiting stores and materiel for his I army, and even reinforcements of troops from Europe that have been but just now sent out. In these circumstances, we fear we must receive the present intelligence, coming especially, as it does, by way of the United States, with great cauti on . a a l b ' a a t t t r l i i battle won w m on pro hy v s es upon .000Fre t n h e i h s account We would hope it may be over Our 2 c , n O bt Oeyom. describin g l % P e r x a i r cy L a n s . t t r h u a e t , and ~ dthat Nationalthis alßlergidegdeb;i tti c e re m u a in y st n a o h t ti r a e i s i e y mble , turned out re ported a month ago, which, how ever, never to have happened at all. La Patric is blessed w ith f res h M e xican intelligence a lmost every troops day,in f ai T r ha fi t g F ht re n n o ch o t n ro e o d ps ou w b i t l s l ; b e butat A t h i e e x i r c e a a n l question is whether they are pitted with Mexican troops only, or with the whole Mexican people also. In the meantime, we must await the next mail in order to make sure whether General Furey had, up to the end of the past year, made a movement in advance or not. [ADVERTISEMENT.]-11olloway'S Pills—lmpurity of the Blood.—Many cases contribute to poison the blood • fogs, sudden changes of temp era t ure, an d diminished out-door exercise are always alloying the circulation. llellowaY Pills are proved to be the best kno wn p ur ifi ers and correc tors. They thoroughly cleanse the blood and regulate its course and distribution. For coughs, colds, influenza, bronchitis, oppression of the chest, palpitation, gout, and rheumatism these excellent Pills have earned for them salves a worldwide reputation ; their virtues are extolled from pole to pole, and their general preservative powers universally acknowledged. Holloway's Pills may safely be taken by females at any age. They will demonstrate themselves to be the surest antagonists to all disordered fictions , and other irregularities of the system. AGRICULTURAL PROSPECTS. The week opened unfavourably, with a cold and thick d ty- and a good deal of rain; but the night was starlight, with a rapidly rising barometer, indi,iative of a sudden change. Such proved to be the case, for on Monday morn ing it was found that an intense white frost had been expe rienced. The roads were quite hard and puddles of the previous day all iced : wind N.N.E. In the afternoon, risen; however, tit e t N h v n b d a r v o e m e r e i t n e g r w a t a s s p f a . I nt l i . n t g: a t g h a e in s a . s fast s .E. as e it had d t he night threatening. On Tuesday morning, at 7 a.m., there were torrents of rain, with the wind from the north. At 11 a.m. came a dense " fog for about half an hour, that appears to have extended to many parts of the country, sus pending business at many markets held on that day. From all accounts there had been a great deal too much wet fur the land; and it turns out that many farmers who had not got their wheat sown early have not bean able to plant it at all. The land is yet too wet to get on it so as to prepare it for spring corn ; and the carting of manure has been checked. Many teams are unoccupied and getting a good rest, with this state of the weather and position of the ground. The meadows look green and healthy, but are swamped in low situations with too much water. The wheat plant in gene ral has a healthy appearance, although a little check from colder weather might be acceptable to all the further dis tricts, as the plant is growing rather too fast from the want of more frost at nights. However, as December has been so mild, a pinch may come in February and March, giving the seasonable check so desired. The weather has been much against thrashing wheat, as when there was no rain the atmosphere was thick, with a good deal of fog, and this wont' penetrate into the sample and prevent any im provement in its condition. The markets have been some what better, with an increased delivery; the quantity re turned this week was 71,747 qrs at 46s 10d, being an in crease of 4,270 qrs, and an advance in price of is per qr, but still bearing an unfavourable comparison with the cor responding week of last year, when the price was 61s Ild, on, however, only 61,211 qrs. The year has started off bet ter, steadily on the advance, while last year it was steadily declining, until we came to the lowest the last week in the year. The deliveries of barley have again fallen off, the quantity returned this week being 79,358 qrs at 34s 6d, against 83,088 qrs at 31s 3d the previous week. The far mers have yet little foreign malting quality from abroad to compete with, but the deficiency of grinding qualities was felt throughout the winter months. This arose from home grown being mostly fit for malting, the intermediate and low qualities being about two-thirds of the crop: The deficiency has been now amply made up by some large im ports from the south of Europe this week, and the new Danubian is fresh and sweet, and can be bought at about lld per stone. Being cheaper than oats, this will go into consumption pretty readily for pig feed, and a small por tion might be used as provender for horses. The same sort is attracting the attention of our distillers, vegetating well suiting them in most respects. Farmers who usually sow the best qualities must be on the look• out early this season, for these will run shorter than usual and command high prices at seed time. There are some nice qualities from the north of France, which would be a good change. From Wednesday to the close of the week the weather was cold and bleak, with the wind from the N.N.E. generally; the thermometer ranging about 40 deg. ; barometer ranging from 30.20 to 30.45 in., and then on Saturday to 30.20 again. This slight decline looks somewhat as if snow were at hand, with the atmosphere hazy. Still there were thus four days without rain, which is some improvement upon the recent falls.—Mark-Lane Express of yesterday. HEALTH OF LONDON. (From the Registrar General's Report.) The deaths in London in the week that ended on Satur day were 1,477. The average number of deaths in the cor responding weeks of 10 years (1853-62) is, with a correction for increase of population, 1,475; and the rate of mortality that prevailed last week was neither greater nor less than tho rate obtained by a calculation based on previous returns for the middle of January, The births of last week exceeded the deaths in the same period by 451. The most fatal disease last week in the zymotie class was scarlatina, the deaths from which were 81. Six of these were in the sub-district of St. Mary, Paddington. There were 15 from diphtheria, and 66 from measles, 4 of which latter occurred in each of the following sub-districts :—St. John Paddington, Kensington-town, St. Botolph, and Clapham. The numbers referred to phthisis and bronchitis in last week's returns wero nearly equal. Phthisis was fatal in 173 cases, almost half of which occurred between 20 and 40 years of age; bronchitis was fatal in 170 cases, 72 of which were at 60 years of age and upwards. A child, a fortnight old, died from the use of tight band ages by which its chest was compressed. A. woman died of tetanus, the consequence of grief. A young married woman lost her life by want of skill in a midwife. Last week the births of 984 boys and 947 girls, in all 1,931 children, were registered in London. In the 10 cor responding weeks of the years 1853-62 the average number (corrected) was 1,934. At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean height of the barometer in the week was 29.965 in. The mean daily reading was above 30in. on Wednesday and two fol lowing days. At the beginning of the week the barometer was at 29.51 in. ;it rose to 30.26 in. on Thursday. The mean temperature of the air in the week was 38.1 deg., which is 2.5 deg. above the average of the same week in 43 years (as determined by Mr. Glaisher). The mean daily temperature was rather above the average throughout the week. The lowest night temperature occurred on Monday, and was 271 deg. The highest day temperature was on Tuesday, and was 46'8 deg. The range of temperature in the week was therefore 19.1 deg. The mean daily range was B'l deg. The range on Sunday was only 3.2 deg. The difference be tween the mean dew-point temperature and air temperature was 3 . 1 deg. The mean degree of humidity of the air was 89, complete saturation being represented by 100, The wind was in the south-west on Monday and Tuesday; it blew afterwards from the north-east. The rain in the week was 014 in., most of which fell on Tuesday. The mean of the highest temperatures of the water of the Thames was 41 deg; that of the lowest was 38 deg. RAILWAY INTELLIGENCE. DUBLIN, WICKLOW, AND WEXFORD. The directors of this company state in their report that the available balance on revenue account for the half year ending Dec. 31 is £17,618, out of which they recommend a dividend at the rate of 3 per cent. per annum on the original stock of the company. This, together with the dividends on the two classes of preference shales, will amount to £13,683, leaving a balance of £3,955 for the next account. The receipts on the Wicklow line show a small increase as compared with the corresponding period of 1861; while the receipts on the Kingstown line exhibit a falling off of £2,018. The total expenditure on revenue account is less by £1,700 than for the corresponding half of 1861. The directors feel satisfied with the state of things, when they consider the many causes that produced almost a stagnation in railway traffic in Ireland during the past summer. Gra tifying progress has been made with the works of the ex • tension to Gorey and Enniscorthy. Anticipating the open ing of the line to Newbridge in the coming spring, an addi tion has been made to the rolling stock of 20 waggons, ex pressly adapted for mineral traffic. With a further view to the accommodation of the mineral traffic, the directors have obtained the sanction of the Board of Works to lay down a branch line of rails from the Kingstown Railway to the Traders'-wharf at Dunleary, and the necessary works for this are now in progress. They have every confidence that the company's engineer will be fully able to redeem his o promise to the s tir es ent open the year. Acting tn Enniscorthy gon the wwish during exp t es s t e h d e autumnby the shareholders at the meeting in August last a complete change in the mode of collecting passenger tickets on the Kingstown line has been effected and found to work well. The subscribers and ordicary passengers are now charged in direct proportion to the distance for which they use the railway. The capital account shows that £1,215,219 had been expended to the 31st of December last. The revenue account for the half-year ending the 31st of December shows that £28,314 had been received on the Wicklow line, and £32,746 on the Kingstown line, making together £61,050. The expenditure on the Wicklow line amounted to £10,202 and on i the Kingstown to £11,422, together £21,624, leaving a balance of £39,436. From this is deducted £16,292 for rent and other payments to the Kingstown Company, and £5,356 for interest on loans, leaving £17,785 for _dividends on preference and ordinary shares. THE SUN, LONDON, VirEDNESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 2L 18(33, RAILWAY BILLS. Yesterday the examiners resumed their inquiry in Com mittee-rooms 16 and 17. Compliancefhel Inverness the standing u was n e t i d o e i declared I t a o r ed extendin the ;theircase of linef from n d doredenerade rn l n e v s e s r and go rd Aber on t 0 - Tain and Bonar-bridge, in Ross-shire t f o raise £160,000 West Cork, for power to extend the Ross-shire, n line from Bandon to Skibbereen. Tendrino. li a u , n ki dr ng their edfo an extension to Neely and Walton, in Essex, and to raise r 185,000. Grand Surrey and Commercial Docks Railway to unite their docks with t he London - bridge Railway. Peter • borough, Wisbeach, and Sutton, for a railway between those place;, at a n estimated cost of £ lBO , OOO , and to make ar rangements with the Midland Railway (adj ,urned to Fri day, the 30th). Norwich and Spalding . , to extend their line to Wisbeach, and raise an additional capital of £75,600. East London and notherhithe, for railways in that district, with power to take the Thames Tunnel and to raise £300,000. Rotherhithe, for railways to New•cross and branches at an estimated cjst of £lOO,OOO. South York shire, to extend their railway towers Hull and raise £310,000 by the creation of new shares. Newry and Green orea Railway Pi er an d D o ck, for a railway fro m Newr y to c rlingford, Leugh, and to raise £150,0,0. the Chi nese Importin g T ea w i t h out colour on th e leaf pre ventskinds. Ifornim an ' s T ea is uncoloured, therefore, always good alike. Sold in p ac k ets by 2,280 agents. passing off inferior leaves as in the usual The Hughes' Printing Telegraph. On Monday afternoon a number of gentlemen in tere3tA in the F. cience and practice of telegraphy‘ together with a considerable body of City mer chants, by invitation visited the central offices of the United Kingdom Electric Telegraph Company (Limited), at 237, Gresham House, Old Broad street, to inspect a telegraph instrument, the inven tion of Professor Hughes, and now daily in opera tion fur purposes of commerce and journalism, bet w etu London and Birmingham. By this inst.' u meat Mr. Bright's speech on last Thursday at Bir mingham was transmitted to London without a single error. Indeed, as was proved yesterday, error is almost impossible, for not only dues the instrument print the message at the further end, but it also throws out a copy before the operator, so that in case the message should read wrongly the mistake may be instantly remedied without the trouble and delay of signalling backwards and forwards. " The principle upon which the apparatus is based is that of a synchronous movement of clockwork trains, driven by weights, the regulation being ef fected by vibrating rods. But as absolute synchronism is unattainable, the object of the inventor has been to introduce a correction sent by the one apparatus to the other apparatus at the distant point, the in struments thus becoming their own correctors of any fractional differences of speed, and preventing their accumulation. "The electrical waves are transmitted by a rem volving arm, carrying the segment of a circle as a contact-maker, and the arm revolves at the same speed in each apparatus as the type-wheel ; when a key is pressed a metal plate in connection with the battery is forced upwards and meets the contact maker as it revolves, scrapes along its surface, the current passing the while, and is then thrown back by the contact-maker, and brought to its normal position of rest by a constant spring. " The letters are printed while the type-wheel is in revolution, and the type-wheel is driven by fric tion, which allows of its being moved backwards or forwards by mechanical means. "Each apparatus registers the signals sent by it, and all letters are produced at the distant end by a single wave of electricity. " In the face of the instrument there are 28 keys, arranged like the keys of a piano; these 28 keys correspond with 28 metal pieces or plates, working upwards through slots formed all round a circular disc of metal, on the top of which, but not in con nection with it, the arm and contact-maker revolve. "The type-wheel and this arm revolve together, and when a key is depressed a plate corresponding with the letter touched is raised." The exhibition of the instrument yesterday pleased and surprised every one. Messages were sent to Birmingham, and, in a few seconds—in fact, before the on-lookers became fully sensible that the message was complete—there were printed on the ribbon of paper the first letters of the reply. It is true that the insulation was, in consequence of the fine clear weather, perfect, but we are assured that the smallest possible current will release the key and impress the type upon the ribbon. Professor Hughes's instruments have been re ceived with much favour, both in America, France, and Italy, King Victor EmManuel having conferred • on the inventor the ord er o f St. Lozaire. We be lieve that this instrume n t cona plntelY gets over all the difficulties hitherto attendant upon printing telegraphs, and we ha ve no d ou bt that the directors of the United Kingd om T e l egra ph Company have taken a wise step in securing the invention for their lines. The low uniform rate of this company, based on the principle of the postal service, ren dered some such machine a necessity ; and while its economy and speed will recommend it to the share hoiders, its unfailing accuracy will make it a favourite of the public. Any one who can read can use it ; one ails chief recommendations being that it does away entirely with the symbols or signs, the fruitful sources of many annoying errors. New Year's-Day at Washington. New Year's-Day was universally observed as a holiday. The weather was bright, balmy, and springlike. The receptions were begun by the visits of the officers of the army and navy to the Presi dent. This ceremony took place at eleven o'clock. The officers of the navy, in full toggery, including enormous chapeaux and cumbrous epaulettes, assembled at the Navy Department ; and those of the army, in their plainer uniforms, at the War Department, whence, preceded by the heads of the respective departments, they proceeded in a body to present the annual compliments to the Comman der-in-Chief of the army and navy. There were about 200 officers in the procession, among whom were Gen. Halleck and a number of major-generals and brigadiers. The most striking feature of the President's reception was the visit of the foreign Ministers, who appeared in grand costume, attended by their families. They appeared at the White House at an early hour, previous to the admis sion of the great mass of the people. Among these guests were Lord Lyons, M. Mercier, M. de Stoeck 1, Senor Tassara, Chevalier Hulse mann, Baron von Gerolt, M. Berghinans (Acting Minister from Belgium), Count Piper, M. Schleiden, Senor Ro mero, Chevalier Bertinatti, Senors Barreda, Asta Buruaga, Lisxboa, Herren, Yrissari, and Molina. Thus all the principal g overnments of Euro p e and South America were rep resented, p resentin g a bril liant cortege seldom witnessed except upon New Year's-day. A large crowd surrounded the gates of the White House to witness the entrance and exit of the foreign Ministers in full costume. In posed of all sexes, ac cordance with custom, at Noon the great gates of composed n ora through the main the White House were thrown open, and for two improvised passage and windows of the East ed a position in the stairwayboarsear ongote ent ra nce . naacneTvdhathentrdtoiud oth r ou g h Presidenthot conditions, f ob h n yuepmooa humanity, n e r t c e l h t u d e i Blue-room, and courteously shook hands with the thousands of visitors who were presented by Mar shal Latnan, who stood beside Mr. Lincoln and most admirably performed his duty of the Marshal's office. Secretary Seward also was visited formally by the representatives of foreign Governments, and until 3 o'clock by an incessant stream of citizens anxious to pay their compliments to the distin guished Premier. He was assisted in the enter tainment of his guests by his daughter and Mrs. Frederick Seward. The elegant mansion of the Sec retary of the Treasury was also thronged with visi tors, among whom were noted all the prominent foreign Ministers and officers of the army and navy. Mr. Chase received his numerous visitors with all that elegant suavity of manner for which he is noted. Miss Kate Chase, celebrated for her winning grace fulness and charming courteousness, aided by her youngest sister and Miss Parsons, of Columbus, Ohio, contributed to the pleasure of the guests who came to wish a happy new year to this interesting family. Secretary Stanton was waited upon by the officers of the army in a body, preceded by Gen. Hal leek, and was also visited by crowds of citizens. Mrs. Douglas entertained a large number of her friends and the friends of the late Senator Douglas, at the residence of her father, Mr. J. Maddison Cutts. Toasts to " Jeff. Davisi and the Southern Confede racy" were drunk in the houses of the Secessionists. They were generally proposed by the ladies to their visitors.—New York ir era ( . INTERCOLONIAL RAILWAY.—A correspondent of the Montreal Gazette states that, after several meet ings in London, it has been arranged that the loan to be raised for the proposed ra i lway, the cost of which is to be borne, five-twelfths b y Canada, and seven-twelfths by Nova Scotia and New B runswick, is to be £3,000,000 ster ling, repayable thus, £250 ,000 in 10 years, £500,000 in 20, £1,000,000 in 30, and £ 1 ,250,000 in 40. It is added that the Lords of the Treasury have consented to raise the money upon Imperial debentures, and it will, therefore, probably be obtained at 31 per cent. A sinking fund is to commence in 1873, but Mr. Gladstone will allow it to be investal in colonial securities ; he w;11 not undertake to get the measure through Parliament without a sinking fund. The Montreal Coinmercial Advertiser believes this state ment to be substantially correct, but maintains that the sum is not more th an a third of what will be required to build and equip th e li ne and purchase the existing lin es, which must be ac qu i re d to complete it from Hal i fax t. Quebec, and that th e li ne can never pa), and will b e use less for ruilitarypurposes, b ecause it i s i m p os sible to protect a railway from the raid s of small bod i es o f t roo ps. This journal recommends g oo d common roa d s as the only re liable winter communication iIZ time of War. COURT OF ALDERMEN. _,__ Yesterday at a meeting of magistrates of the city at London, held at Guildhall, the Lord Mayor pre siding, a letter from Mr. Cubitt was read tender ing his resignation as an alderman, from con siderations of approaching age and its incidents and of duties of a public and private nature which de volved upon him. He was, moreover, desirous of being unconstrained as to time of absence in the event of having to comply with advice to go to a warmer climate; and he expressed his grateful ac knowledgments of the uniform friendliness with which the members of the Court of Aldermen had always treated him. A motion was proposed by Alderman Humphery, and seconded by Alderman Copeland, inviting the court not to accept the re signation, having regard to tla public services which Mr. Cubitt had rendered the corporation of London during the many years he sat in Parliament, and lat terly as chief magistrate, and the recollection of which naturally disposed them to wish that he should continue his connexion with them. The mo tion was opposed by Alderman Sidney, who sub mitted that Mr. Cubitt was the fittest judge of the circumstances which had prompted his wish to withdraw from the magistracy of London, that they ought not to stand in the way of his giving effect to that wish, and that for them to act otherwise would be to make a bad precedent. Mr. Cubitt, he added, was represented to be a man with large worldly possessions, and they all knew that pro perty had its duties as well as its rights. He had served the office of Lord Mayor with great honour and usefulness for two successive years, and, having regard to his advanced age, it was but natural that he should long for repose, as well for its own sake as to enable him to attend to his own private affairs. Alderman Sir Robert Carden, on the other hand, urged the court to adopt the motion before them, believing it was the best compliment they could pay a man who had so well discharged his duties, and was now so sensitive as to think, though in that they all differed from him, that he could no longer efficiently serve the public. Alderman Carter and Alderman Gabriel both spoke in favour of the court falling in with the wish of Mr. Cubitt for his own sake. The motion was then put and negatived on a show of hands,-and the Court, at the instance of Alderman Sidney, resolved to accept Mr. Cubitt's resignation, and ordered, on the motion of Alderman Humphery, that a precept should issue for the election of an alderman in his place for the ward of Langbourn. Alderman and Sheriff Law rence presented a report relative to the city pri sons, from which it appeared that in the gaol of Newgato there are now 129 prisoners; in the Debtors' Prison, Whitecross-street, 86 ; and in the prison at Holloway, 393. Of the whole number 15 are in the infirmaries, and in each case the return was accompanied by a certificate of the surgeon as to the fit and sanitary condition of the prison. Messrs. Robert Montague Nicholas, Chas, Henry Greaves, Joseph De Castro, and Joseph Henry (3as kin took the oaths incident to the office of a broker; and James Lothian, Alfred Comfort, Alfred Augus tus Stahlschmidt, David Wm. Nell, Edward Caffin, John Gilbert Gillian Seaton, Hot ace Ripley. k'% m. Thos. Korff, Henry RobeA Bullock, john Francis Fernyhough, : James Thompson, James Chambers, John Grant 'Hodgson, and Alexander Watt were admitted as brokers. In the course of the sitting, Mr. Thos. James Nelson, citizen weaver, lately elected City Solicitor in the room of the late Mr. Chas. Pearson, appeared at the bar and took and subscribed the customary oaths and declarations appertaining to the office, and was then, on the mo - tion of Alderman Hale, invited to take his seat at the table. CITY SEWERS COMMISSION. A meeting of the members of this commission was held yesterday at the Guildhall for the despatch of business. Deputy De Jersey presided. The minutes of the last meeting of the commis sioners having bean read and confirmed, Alderman COPELAND inquired of the engineer whether his attention had been called to the pro posed plan of deodorising the sewage of the western division of the metropolis, and the discharge of it into the Thames at Fulham. The plan had been pro posed at the Metropolitan Board of Works,and would cost, it was estimated, £200,000. It was a matter of great importance, and he should like to be in formed whether it had come under the notice of the engineer to the company. Mr. HAYWOOD, engineer, replied that his atten tion had been called to the subject only by the re ports which had appeared in the public journals. Mr. H. L. TAYLOR observed that if the worthy alderman had read the report correctly he would have found the fact the very reverse of that which he had stated. The Metropolitan Board had de cided not to establish any deodorising works at all, but to convey the whole of the sewage of the western district through the low-level sewer,to be discharged into the river at Barking. The CHAIRMAN said that the Main Drainage Committee of the Metropolitan Board approved of a plan for deodorising the sewage in 1859, but the board at a recent meeting had decided not to carry out such plan. Alderman COPELAND considered that he was jus tified in calling the attention of the Court to the subject, seeing the large contribution paid by the city of London towards the expenses of the Metro politan Board. He added that he felt satisfied with the explanation that had been given him in refer ence to the subject. The matter then dropped. THE GAS SUPPLY. The Court to-day proceeded to consider the ten ders delivered in on the 16th December last for lighting with gas the northern district of the City for one year from the Ist February next. The Principal Clerk, Mr. J. DAW, stated that the Chartered Gas Company's tender was for £5 93.6 d. per lamp per Rnnutn, including 15s. per lamp for lighting, cleansing, repairing, &c. This amount was one guinea per lamp in addition to the sum charged by the company under the old contract. There was also a tender from the Groat Central Company, but this was consider, bly in advance of the amount named by the Chartered Company. Dr. ABRAHAM thought there could be no doubt that this advance in price was the result of a confe deracy by the gas companies, and it seemed to him that the commission had no alternative but to ac cept the tender of the Chartered Compiny. It would, however, be a question whether the Court should not take some steps to relieve themselves from such a state of things. He urged them at once to fix a meter to each of the gas lamps, and so com pel the companies to supply a proper amount of gas, and he thought the Court should also apply the car burecting process to the public lamps. He believed this was the only means of protecting the ratepayers. The engineer and medical officer had both reported favourably of that process, and he believed by its application a great saving would be effected. Mr. J. T. YOUNG said the carburetting process had given great dissatisfaction, and he urged that it should be discontinued. Deputy HARRISON hoped that in every contract taken for the supply of gas,provision would be made for the supply of the proper quantity by the com panies. Mr. HAYWOOD observed that the companies re fused to be bound by any terms except those con tained in the Metropolis Gas Act. The tender of the Chartered Gas Company was then accepted. Some discussion took place in reference to the ap pointment of an examiner of gas for the City, and ultimately it was decided to postpone the election, and to refer it to the General Purposes Committee to consider the terms and conditions of the appoint ment. The Principal Clerk reported that he had received a precept from the Metropolitan Board of Works, i calling upon the Court for the Payment of the sun o f £10,132 18s. 4d., as the contribution of the City to the expenses of the Metropolitan Board for the current year. The matter was referred to the General Purpose& Committee to examine and report. A report was read from the Improvement Com mittee, to whom it was referred to consider a plan proposed by Mr. I. R. Newton for a subway from Bridge-street to Farringdon-street to relieve the traffic of the locality. The committee had received a lengthy report from Mr. Haywood bearing upon the subject, and having carefully considered it they had come to the conclusion that it would not be practicable to carry out the plan, and they there fore recommend the Court not to entertain it. After some consideration it was decided that the engineer's report should be printed, and that the consideration of the subject should be adjourned. SANATORY STATE OF THE CITY. Dr. LETLIEBY, the medical officer of health for the City, reported on the state of 205 houses that had been inspected during the week, and he sub mitted a list of 40 places for sanatory improvement. He likewise reported an indecent and unwholesome overcrowding of a common lodging-house in Union court, Holborn, in which there were two small rooms occupied by 17 persons, namely, four men, eight women, and five children. In one of the rooms, which had a capacity of about 1,100 cubic feet, there were three men, four women, and three children. He certified that the house required supervision, and to that end should be registered as a common lodging-house. The markets and slaughter houses had been duly inspected, and the officers had seized 3,3811 b. of meat and 61 head of game and poultry as u nfit for human food. ;It consisted of 13 sheep, 3 pigs, 1 calf, 22 qrs. of beef, 27 joints of meat. 3,0731 b were diseased, 1801 b. were putrid, and the rest was from animals that had died from natural causes. The mortality returns for the week are below the average for the season. Only 65 deaths were regis tered in the week, while the average number for the corresponding periods of the last seven years is 71. The chief causes of death wore as follow : Phthisis 7, pneumonia 8, bronchitis 9, continued fever 2, scarlet fever 3, whooping cough 4, measles 6, croup 1, and infantile convulsions 7. Of these causes the most important are measles, and whoop ing-cough, which have been unusually fatal. After transacting some other business the Court adjourned. Murder of a Police Constable at Acton. At the Hammersmith Police-court, yesterday, two rough •looking men, who gave the names of Joseph Brooks, aged 25 years, and Isaac Brooks, aged, 23, brothers, and described themselves as labourers, were placed in the dock before Mr. Dayman, charged with the wilful murder of police-constable William Davey, No. 84 T division, by shooting him in the head with a gun. _ _ The court was crowded to excess, and the street in front was thronged with persons waiting the result of the exami. nation. Mr. Trehearne, a solicitor, of Gresham-street, attended on the part of the police to prosecute the prisoners. It appeared from Mr. Trehearne's statement that the de ceased was on duty at Acton in the course of Monday after noon, when he stopped two men carrying planks, and on giving an unsatisfactory answer as to their possession, he attempted to take both of them into custody. One succeeded in escaping; while taking the other to the station the man threw the planks down upon the feet of the constable and also ran away. The constable afterwards mentioned the oc currence to the sergeant, and it was arranged they should go to the place from where the planks had been taken and endeavour to obtain further evidence. The sergeant was, however, anxious for the constable to remain on his beat, and he gave him leave to go home to get his supper first. He went down Church-road at half•past 8 o'clock for the purpose. He was taking care of Petherton-villa, which was an unoccupied house. He had scarcely got into the back parlour before there was a knock at the door. Ii is wife an swered the - door and then called "William." He passed along the passage, and had scarcely got to the threshold of the deer when a gun was fired at him, a greater portion of his bead was carried away, and he was killed. Mr. Tre heatne also said that he should produce evidence to affect the prisoners, and the only reasonable motive that he could assign for it was that as they believed the constable knew them they were afraid of being re-taken. Police-sergeant Arthur Bonnick, 19 T, was examined. He said--T knew the deceased constable. lam sergeant of the division of which the deceased was a constable. I was with him at half-past six o'clock in the evening in Avenue-road, Acton. He was on duty, and continued so until half-past 8 o'clock. He mentioned to me the circum stances about two men stealing planks. He said he knew something of the men, and described them. The one he took into custody was dressed in a corduroy suit and a cap, and the other who escaped had a light jacket. Both the men escaped. I asked him whether he could swear to them, and he said no. He said the voice of one of them was fami liar to him, and that both resembled the two Brookses, who were at work opposite the place from which the timber was taken. After that he asked permission to go home for a short time. That was about half- past 8 o'clock. From a communication I afterwards received I went to PEtherton villa, where the constable resided. I saw the deceased lying on his back, and part of his head blown off. There is a small garden between the door and the gate. He was quite dead. I assisted in making inquiries after the pri soners. I went to 1, Chapel-place, Windmill-lane, Turn ham-green. I got there about half-past one o'clock this morning. The prisoners were in bed. Isaac is a married man, and was in a room with his wife. I did not say any thing to the prisoners. _ _ The prisoner Joseph—l wish to ask the officer whether he found any ammunition about me ? Witness—l did not search you. I saw a gun and powder found by an inspector. The other prisoner, who looked exceedingly pale, and wore a white jacket, said he had no questions to ask. Inspector John Searle, of the T division, said—About 10 o'clock last night I was in Hammersmith,and received in formation that police-constable Davey had been shot. I pro ceeded at once on horseback to Acton,where I met Inspector Scotney. We both dismounted and proceeded to Petherton villa, where the deceased had been shot. We afterwards went to I, Chapel-place, Back-common, Turnham-green. We knocked at the door, and the prisoner Isaac answered from a bedroom window upstairs. That was about half past 1 o'clock this morning. Inspector Scotney inquired for Isaac Brooks. The prisoner said," Yes,it is me." Inspec tor Scotney requested him to come down, He came down in his night clothes. We then asked him whether he had any firearms, and whether he had a brother in the house. He said, he is upstairs. He made no reply to the question about the firearms. I then left him with Inspector Scotney while I went upstairs. I found the prisoner Joseph in bed. I said, Joseph Brooks. He was not asleep, and said, Yes. He appeared to tremble very much. When I first saw Isaac he trembled very much and appeared confused. I said to Joseph, "You must consider yourself in custody for being concerned with your brother Isaac in the wilful murder of police-constable Davey, at Acton; have you any firearms? you need not answer any questions, but what you say will be given in evidence against you." I again said, " Have you any firearms ?" He said, " I have none; I had a gun, but I left it at the shop at Acton." I requested him to get out of bed. He got out, and I then turned down the bed. In the centre of the bed, under where he had been lying, I found a gun between the mattress and the bed. I said, " What is this ?" He said, " Oh, I forgot I had it there." While he was dressing a powder-flask fell from his cord jacket. It fell on the bed clothes, and it was picked up by Sergeant Byden. After it fell from his pocket he endeavoured to turn the clothes over it, to prevent it being seea. I took him downstairs to Isaac. I told Isaac the same charge. I asked Joseph where ho had been during the evening, and he re plied "Nowhere." While ho (Joseph) was dressing he treated the matter as a joke. He laughed, and asked who the man was that had been shot. I examined it before leaving the room. If it had been discharged two or three days it would have been rusty. The powder inside the bar rel was quite wet. I examined the lock. It is a cap lock. There was no cap on it. I found neither caps nor shot. At the station Joseph said, "The gun is dirty and has been used , I sponged it out on Thursday, but not since." Before leaving the house he said the gun had been pledged and was redeemed the previous night. The wife of Isaac said, in pre sence of prisoners, that she had been to Hammersmith with a young woman named Jane Lake and had redeemed the gun. She afterwards said that Jane Lake went alone. I after wards went to Petherton-villa at Acton. I made a search in the passage and ceiling for shot. I picked up some shots in the passage, and there were marks of shots in the ceiling. There were portions of brains, skull, and blood scattered about the garden, passage, and wall, as well as a large stream of blood in the garden. There are also marks of blood on the dress of the deceased's wife. She is in such a delicate state to-day as not to be able to be produced. I examined the clothes of the prisoners. I tried to match the marks in the avenue made with their boots, but in conse quence of the traffic I was unable to do so, I was not able to trace any marks upon their clothes. On the way to the station Joseph asked who the man was that had been shot. I told him. He then said " Where is he ?" I said, "At the dead house at Acton." He seemed to shudder, butmade no reply. He told me where the shop was at Mill-hill, Acton. At the station he said, " That is the gun I had at the shop." Mr. W. Ayres said—l am a pawnbrcker at Waterloo street, Hammersmith. The gun was pawned at my shop on Saturday last. I delivered it to two femiles about half-past 7 o'clock on Monday evening. Tbey pledged a pair of trou sers for 7s. 6d., and took out the gun. I know one of the females. Her name is Lake. he gun was pledged in the name of Brooks. The gun was quite clean when I delivered it out. My foreman, who is not here, took it in. Mr. Dayman—Are you quite sure it was clean ? Witness—Yes, sir. The prisoner Joseph—Will your foreman swear the gun was clean when I pawned it ? Mr. Davman—The foreman will be here, and you can ask him the question, Prisoner—l can swear it was not clean on Saturday. Mr. Trehearna then said he had no further evidence to produce that day, and asked for a remand. - Mr. Dayman remanded both prisoners for a week. The prisoners were then removed without making any further observation, The Production of Cotton in the Southern States of America in 1862. -3- (From go illanchester Guardian.) We have received from Mr, G It. Haywood, secretary of the Cottcn Supply Association, the following correspondence relative to the quantity of cotton at present in the Southern States of America : Foreign Office, January 13, 1863. Sir,--With reference to Mr.- Hamtnond's letter of the 25th of October last, I am directed by Earl Russell to transmit to you, to be laid before the Committee of the Manchester Cotton Supply Association, a copy of a further despatch from her Majesty's Consul at Charleston rap,:ct ing the quantity of cotton produced in the Southern States of America during 1862, together with a copy of a despatch from her Majesty's Consul at Savannah on the same subject.—l am, your most obedient servant, (Signed) JAMES MUBRAY. British Consulate, Charleston, November 24, 1862. My Lord,—With reference to my despatch, No. 104, of the 13th August last, in which I had the honour to submit to your Lordship certain information on the subject of the cotton then existing in the Southern States of America, I beg leave to state that I have taken some pains, now the crop of 1862 is gathered, to ascertain whether any alteration is to be made in the estimate upon which my despatch was based. I find, after careful inquiry, that a quarter of a mil lion bales may be added to the amount supposed to be on hand. It may, therefore, be roughly calculated that there remain in these States 4 : 260,000 bales of Upland cotton, which could be exported in the event of the ports being opened to trade. I beg leave to repeat that the " long," or Sea Island cot ton, does not enter into my estimate for the reason given in my despatch, No. 104. It should be always borne in mind that the irregularity, and in some instances total suppression, of communica tion between portions of the Southern States, render all cotton calculations somewhat arbitrary.— I have the honour, &c. (Signed) R. BUNCH, British Consulate, Savannah, Dec. 6, 1862. My Lord,—As at this period of the year a tolerably cor rect estimate may be formed of the quantity of cotton pro duced the last session in the Southern States, I beg to sub mit to your lordship, for the information of her Majesty's Government, the results of my inquiries respecting this important question, and to report more particularly on the production in the State of Georgia. In former years Georgia was the chief cotton-producing State of the Union, but, as the cultivation of the plant be came more extended, Mississippi and Alabama, from the rich quality of their lands, gradually surpassed her; Mis sissippi now holding the first rank, and Alabama the se cond. According to reports made to the Comptroller-General of this State by the tax collectors, the amount of land planted in cotton this year in Georgia is about 200,000 acres, yielding in round numbers 60,000 bales of cotton of 500 lb. each ; ordinarily the production is 700,000 bales requiring an acre cf about 3,000,000 acres. I am, of course, unable to report ,as accurately respecting the crops of other States, but the best information at my command strongly induces the belief that the entire crop gathered this year did not exceed 1,000,000 bales; proving the correctness of the approximate estimate transmitted by your lordship in my despatch, No. 18, of the 10th May last. The crop of 1861 was estimated at 4,500,000 bales, de ducting from the crops of 1861 and 1862 the quantity of cotton which has run the blockade, the amount destroyed to prevent capture by the Federalists, and the quantity used for home consumption, which, since the commencement of the war, has enormously increased, being now fully 500,600 bales per annum, will leave in the South not more than 3,500,0u0 bales. The urgent necessity for the cultivation of breadstuffs since the Federal occupation of Kentucky and the best grain growing regions of Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina, and the consequent strong popular opposi tion to the planting of cotton, together with other causes of hardly less importance, such as the entire want of bagging and rope necessary to put the cotton into merchantable con dition, will tend hereafter to prevent any increase of the stock, possibly to diminish it, while, should the Federals succeed in making further advances into the interior of the cotton-growing states, the cultiva' ion of that plant will be entirely abandoned, and the negroes removed to the moun tainous districts, where breadstuffs alone can be raised.—l have the honour, &c., (Signed) E. MOLYNEUX. COUNTRY MARKETS. LIVERPOOL-TUESDAY. At our market to-day there was a fair attendance of the town and country trade. Only a limited demand, however, for wheat and flour, and prices rather favoured buyers. Oats and oatmeal in improved demand, and sold at 6d per load dearer. Barley and peas in retail sale at former rates, but beans were at fully higher prices. Indian corn was in brisk sale, at 30s to 30s 6d per 4801 b for prime mixed. MARKET HARBOROUGH—TuEspAy. White wheat, 52s to 57s ; red, 47s tO46TsPeia6 stone. Barley at 38s to 40s per qr., grinding 29s to 32s per 30 st. Oats, 27s to 325; new, 22s to 26s per 24 st. ; beans, 363 to 45s per qr. SHEFFIELD-TUESDAY. The supply of wheat and other grain was rather limited. A dull business in wheat, the best qualities of both old and new making is per qr less mono', and inferior was almost unsaleable. Good malting barley realised the extreme rates of last week. Flour and other articles unchanged. Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial bushels 20s Od to 21s Od 9 White 11 22s Od to 24s 6d New red , , l6s Od to 18s Od New white „ 1) 2os Od to 21s 6d Beans 99 ~ lss 6d to 19s 6d Peas, per qr s6s Od to 60s Od Grinding barley, per qr. 28s Od to 32s Od Malting ditto, „ 34s Od to 40s Od Oats 1 , 22s Od to 30s Od Flour, is 9d to 2s 2d per stone. LEEDS-TUESDAY. To-day at our market buyers were diffident in purchas ing wheat, and so little business was done that prices may be considered nominally the same as on Friday. Oats and other articles unaltered. MELTON MOWBRAY—TUESDAY. The following were the currencies :—New white wheat, 52s Od to 578 Od ; new red, 478 Od to 51s per 36 stone ; beans, 45s for old ; new sorts, 36s to 40s per 38 at. ; barley, 38s to 40s for malting, and 29s to 32s per qr. for grinding; oats, 22s to 32s Od per 24 stone. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. A.up:xalia and Mauritius, via Southampton....... Jan. 18 via Marseille; Feb. 12. Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. Feb. 3. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena. Feb. 1. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton. Jan. 18. via Marseilles Jan 27. Falkland Islandq .. Feb. 3 Gibraltar, via Southampton India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Jan. 18. via Marseilles Jan. 27. India (Bombay), via Southampton via Marseilles Jan. 20. Portugal.... Feb 3 nalta, Egypt, arid Aden, via Southampton Jan. 18. via Marseilles Jan. 20. Newfoundland Oporto and Vigo U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.... Jan. 21. _.. 'by U.S. packet by Canadian packet Jan. 16. W.C. of Africa, M- adeira, and Teneritre Feb. 10. Bahamas, via New York Jan. 15. Mexico All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, 1 Jan. 08. California, and British Columbia.. DEVOURED BY RATS.—The contrabands with which Cairo is overrun as soon as they arrive are sent to quarters, and there left to look out for themselves. One of these buildings became so full of rats that even the Africans themselves were obliged to leave. An old negro woman who recently arrived, and who, probably, was un advised of the true state of affairs, took up her quarters in the deserted hovel, and this morning was found crouched in a corner half eaten up. Whether she sickened and die d naturally, or whether she was overwhelmed and eaten alive, Uod only knows, but that she was dead and partially de voured is a fact that affords a terrible illustration of negro life in Cairo.—American Paper. Births. DANIELL.—On the 19th inst., at Aldinborough Vicarage, near Chichester, th e wife of the Rev. G. F. Daniell, of a son. MONCREIFFE.—OR the 19th inst., at Moncreiffe House, Perthshire, the Lady Louisa Moncreiffe, of a son. POUNCY—On the 18. h inst., the wife of Mr. A. Penney, of 9, Holles-street, of a son and heir. TREFUSIS.—On the 18th inst., at 8, Park-street, Grosve nor-square, the Hon. Mrs. Trefusis, of a son. Marriages. LESLIE—LESTER.—On the . 20th inst., at All S a i n t s ' Church, Blackheath, Will.an! Leslie, Esq., 15, Queen's gardens, Hyde-park, to Harriet, elder daughter of Chas. Lester, Esq., Gloucester-terrace, Blackheath. ------ MOLYNEATJX — FITZGERALD.—On the 15th inst., at Va lencia Church, Sir Cape! Molyneux, Bart., of Castle Dillon, county Armagh, to Mary Emily Frances, eldest daughter of Peter Fitzgerald, Knight of Kerry. Deaths. ALTRAUS.—On the 9th inst., atWiesbaden, the Very Rev. Archdeacon F. G. Altbaus, aged 72. ALDER.—On the 17th inst., Mr. Daniel Alder, stationer, Cheltenham. COCKS.—On the 18th inst., at Hastings, Robert Lincoln, eldest son of Robert Cocks, of Wilby House, Notting hill, and of New Burlington-street, London, aged 34. FREEMAN.—On the 19th inst., Mr. Charles Freeman, at 19, Seward.street, Goswell-street, aged 80. Howrort.—On the 19th inst., at Shrewsbury, J. Horton, formerly of Prior's Lee Hall, aged 74. in the county of Salop, MoTTLEY.—On the 19th inst., at her residence, Cambs, Southses, Mary, relict of George Mottley, Esq , late of Haslar, aged 90. London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDREWS, of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE SuN Office, No. 112, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County of Mi ddlenzi—Wednesday, January 21.1863.