The Sun. — London, England, 1830-04-29 00:00:00

- A ' / e-7• ~,' ti, _,, r MG TO DE SOLD, THE PROPERTY OF A GENTLE MAN, 'THREE First-rate HORSES for any pur pose, in excellent condition, about 15 hands 3 high. • They ere approved superior Hunters, five, six, and rising seven years old, equal to any heavy weight, and very fast. To save the trouble of unnecessary applications, the price of itch is about 300 guineas. The address • of the Owner may be obtained at 31r. Scripps's Newspaper Office, Southnaolten-street. This day was published, post Svc). LEVI and SARAH ; or the JEWISH LOVERS. A Tale of the Polish Jews. John Aturray, Albemarle-street. In a few days will be published, Sro. ....CONVERSATIONS with Lord BYRON ' on RELIGION, held in CEPHALONIA, a short tune previous to his Lor&hip's Death. By the late JAMES KENNEDY, M.D. Of H. B. M. Medical Staff. John Murray, Albemarle-street. In a few days will be published, post Bvo. IREL AND, a nd its ECONOMY ; b e i ng - - the result of Observations made in a Tour through the Country in the Autumn of 1829. By J. E. BICHENO, Esq. . - F.R.S., Sec. Linn. Soc., &c. &e. • John Murray, Albemarle-street. This day was published, splendidly illustrated with En gravings front Designs of Martin, and with numerous Wood -eats by the first Artists. Derby Bvo. 1/. Is., or in loyal Bvo. proof plates, 21. 2s. HE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, •• with a LIFE of JOHN BUNYAN. By ` ROBERT SOUTHEY,'Esq. LL.D. & e. &c. &a. ''John Murray, Albemarle -street, and John Major, Fleet- Skeet. Nearly ready, post Bvo. NTR.ODUCTIONS to the STUDY of the - 11 - GREEK CLASSIC POE IS, for the Use of Young Persons at School or C.ollege. Contents of Part 1.-1. General Introduction-2. Homeric Questions-3. Life of Homer-4. Iliad--5. Odyssey --6. Itlargites-7. Batrachomyomachia-8. Hymns -9. Hesiod. By HENRY NELSON COLERIDGE. John Murray, Albemarle-street. In a few days will-be published, Two Vols., foolscap Svo. jIFE and ADVENTURES o f GIO VANNI FINATI, native of Ferrara, who, ender the.name of Mahomet, made the CAMPAIGN AGAINST THE WAHABIES, for the RECOVERY of MECCA and RIEDINA; and since acted as Interpreter to European Travellers in some of the parts least visited of ASIA and AFRICA. Translated from the Italian as dictated by himself, and edited by William Jahn Bankes, Esq. John Murray, Albemarle-street. ENT ?All :IA of 10 ) , gate-ES ier. road, bag' ylebone, psgate-str s May 7, ters. f‘d .dealer, nirt of (.9 t, April 61 ,1 of Cool" spool, ebf at the 1 :Y, nn ; 10, 11,° #i Inn, a th. v jalop y ' e , s of lot alton-etre6 tafforrieb ir the Leg s ' afton-ttrO 11fuy 11, 'nn, Bolc o v, Lond o p 3 l O Aces, iirs es, Barfol in . and Sol ,uthampld, n, Barfork grocer, 11 the S j . f; Inn ; 1)7 hear-ot t Mr. Id; Ost7 ~ boa r aing" 0 at c love! i ind Nato "' it raper, Arr: l l he Coort ors : on, Co' fl d 4,5, I. 134 0, j, ',rough awl D-rnero l ibion 0 011 in ; Jest° 'r, Lopes, merebso ssionero" ay 2 1 9., r. Jeno l4 ), at c 1 Liver of Air. .Lyne, the no i rwicke t h ii n, Pintf l Irthampt 4 lota, Stsi sberdetshl twelve , rret, IVO e c o urt Osi iissionet r May 1p l 1„, Rom" relve at i ll Ilancho two, °- talessl& d ' r. 3;0'0 hrewFbl,ri Cave oat: Yorksh v Aliddle os ‘j —G. f o ':, —A. Sl" gst ;II rrep a, prof linen . Cheal T. &rd . ; Crovrtilr; n.dealer r i ;risp, r, dealerro zestereb i , Ilineri•d r C. !nware- Cari:c s E. I. Terri. uminert' kshiref 6' lan I'oj , Dare t me, VP,' Betwir' d Midoc x )n-spirt ll6 ,31. So l L anti 0 Eeq•, Le 4 )rurnolo f' f o ly of sbury, tj Lr-Adni l v t datigh :a, and V. F. 4 1 ' , daug iltl countl I 19. h i re, in ►f the le Son of 6 i Lido'', °l' men-et! a rine • g ill' re , and e , flelstoo- short -d lth year . Mout; 0 Cas° UNGt )orr. AT a GENERAL MEETING o f t h e Noblemen, Freeholders, Justices of the Peace, and Commissioners of Supply of the County of Haddington, held at Haddington, on the 23d APRIL, 1830, in terms of public advertisement from the Convener, " to consider a pro posal lately made in Parliament, for imposing an ADDI TIONAL DUTY on HOME-MADE SPIRITS, without at the same time proportionally RAISING the DUTY upon RUM; and the effect the adoption of such measure would have on the agricultural interests of the country," The Right Hon. Lord ELCHO in the Chair, The following Resolutions were unanimously adopted ; 114.---That independent of the claims which the Distil lers of the United Kingdom may, on their own account, have to the favourable consideration of Government, they hav e (as this County conceives) additional claims in the Present distressed state of landed produce, from the various benefits which they confrr upon agriculture, and more especially from the use they make of barley not appli ca bl e to maltin g , an d of ether descriptions of grain damaged by unfavourable harvests. 2d. That the relative duties upon British and Colonial Spirite were fixed by Government only a few years ago, after full investigation, as affording that fair and reason ahle,Protection-which was considered to be due to both ; and that, In the present times, and under existing circum gin:ices, there appears no sufficient reason for any altera tion in those duties that may diminish the protection hitherto afforded to British Spirits. ' Bd.--That the measure now proposed, of laying an ad ditional duty of one shilling a gallon on Corn Spirits in England, while no additional duty is laid on Rum, is likely to be attended (in the opinion of this County) with very injurious consequences to agriculturists. 4th.---fhat this County contemplates with satisfaction the prospect of the abolition of the duties on Beer, and Will gladly concur in any measure calculated to lessen the consumption of ardent spirits, with a view of checking the demoralization which it occasions ; but it decidedly objects to the measure now proposed, inasmuch as it seems calculated not to lessen that consumption, but merely to change it from British to Colonial Spirits—the probable effect o f w hi c h will be to sacrifice the interest of the Dis tillers and Agriculturists of the United Kingdom, to that of the West Indian Planters. sth.—That this County is fully impressed with the be lief. that the d epress i on which has for some time past existed in the agricultural, commercial, and manufacturing interests of the United Kingdom, has also been severely felt by the West Indian interests, and would gladly hail S oy measure that might afford relief to the latter, without being manifestly i n j ur i ous to t h e former ; but it considers itself bound, by what it owes to its own interest as an agricultural county, strongly to express its opinion against the proposed alteration in the existing scale of duties with respect to British and Colonial Spirits. Gth.'--That tititions in conformity with these Resolu lutions be prepared to both Houses of Parliament, and that the Earl of Lauderdale be requested to present the petition to the House of Lords, and Lord John Hay, the Member for the County, that to the House of Commons, with a request that their Lordships would take the earliest opportunity of presenting the same, and of giving them all the support in their power. And farther, that Lord John Hay be requested also to submit the Resolutions, as soon as possible, to his Grace the Duke of Wellington. 7th.—. That copies of these Resolutions be sent to the Members of both !louses of Parliament connected with this County, with a request that they will likewise sup port the same. ELCHO, Preses. HENRY M. DAVIDSON, Clerk. Upon th e motion of the Convener of the County, se conded by Mr. Aitchison, of Dili 'more, the thinks of the Meeting were unanimously voted to Lord Echo for his conduct in the Chair ; and the above Resolutions were di rected Co he published in the Edinburgh Evening Courant awl Caledonian Mercury. ' • Haddington, April 23, 1830. A GRAM, APRIL 6.—The beneficial effects of the Decree of our gracious Sovereign, which was lately an nounced, justify the expectations that were formed. On the 28th of March the amnesty was proclaimed on the frontier, and on the very next day 17 families (among Whom were eleven of the most notorious criminals), presented themselves t r return as repent mt sons to the bosom of their native country. The Bishop of Carlstadt, with a number of his clergy, Major Roatz and a great many officers, repaired to the frontiers to receive them in the manner prescribed by his Majesty, and it w as an affecting scene, when after receiving the verbal assurance of the Bishop, all those who had re turned fell at his feet, and, in the most expressive terms, gave utterance to their gratitude to God and to the Em peror. The shouts of joy, and the cordial embraces of their relation s and friends, who had flocked together to receive them, made a profound impression on all present. They all then proceeded days,urch. The prayers and preparations continued two and on time Sit they all confessed, with every the Holy Sacrament-. appearam:ce of contrition, and re ceivedSom months agt troops were :iassembled on the Turkish frontier L to put a stop to the incur ons of the Montinegrian banditti who infested the Austrian territory. These oper the atio ns, whi c h were undertaken with knowledge and consent of the Turkish Government, are said to have fu ily sttaiut dthe bee proposed. • . ... ~„,- .....-- 4.- .--7- , s - 1. - - . • /- . .., • 4 • . i . 7,..t, zi,.. t ~, ( ~..,t, „? ss, . ; ‘ ,8., N,. ~,- t t. .: r. - i . c : ~...:1114,:ti:i"--'-.---7, ~-` . 1 %.:=1;: I ..,.,\ e 4.1. • ~c, • : „ .., , ,- 4 , .74,„,,, _..... . ) ~, , • , -- .. / cc- ,\,,,- , I ) 1 / 4 :-.:-:_- .. .-:_... c - z- - ,-, ..,. , _4;l =••; -;-• . --• .." .. r. ,- 1 ._ 1, -- -,- -,..,. , -•., ...--,,,: tii , •••-• 0,, 7 , 4 ._ , , , Lt 4 .-, .. • ~ -• ... ,• ,10 0 7 ~. •••••• - P;ks,- _ . .......__ ~ 3 ... ,-.... ,' ' , •';', 'Vk 'l i „ 430...:.-...., . . • • ,..‘.. ':.-., -,,, , , • ... • . 1 s.l. t— , ..., ~,,, •• ,), • -.or .„ 0,/ , ,,,,,„ •i„t) .... , t '''', q11.456.71.11?14Attil PP l''' ' 4 ° I '—rj• .: - ',')l6 ~...v.p.,.' 1 No. 11,740. IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT. ROUSE OF LORDS-(LAST NIGHT). Counsel and evidence were heard upon the second reading of Wallis's Divorce Bill.—To be committed to-morrow. Several petitions were presented from different parts of the country, against the punishment of death for forgery. _ _ Earl GOWER presented several petitions from the Staffordshire Potteries for a free trade to India. CORN. SPIRIT DUTIES. The Earl of MALMESBURY gave notice, that he would to-morrow present the petition of the dis tillers of the United KingdOrit. against the additional duty of is. upon home-ma - de - spirits. • The Four per Cents. :and:Hayinarket Removal Bilk were-read a third time-andpassed. CHURCH PROPERTY. The Bishop of LONDON took the opportunity, when moving the second reading of the Bishop of London's Estate Bill, to make a few remarks upon a report which he had seen, of what purported to have passed in another place last night, when an Hon. Member made some observations on the sup posed value of his see, which were so extremely in accurate that he thought it was his duty, both to himself and the church, to give at once a refutation of a stionaent which, thougls no doubt uninten tional Oh the part of the gentleman from whom it was reported to have come, was yet an entire mis :representation of facts, and founded upon the most inaccurate data. The Honourable Member was said to have spoken of the see of Rochester as inade quate in its revenue, while other sees actually pro duced as great a sum as 100,0001. a year; and more would be nearly productive to the same extent in a few years. The sees of Canterbury and Durham were thus mentioned, and though London was not as strongly put forward, yet he had reason to think it was equally miscalculated, for he knew similar remarks were expressly made upon it a short time ago. Great mischief would, in his opinion, ensue, if unauthorised statements of this nature went forth, unaccompanied by authentic contradictions.— (Hear, hear.)—lf it were true that the see of Lon don ever did, or ever could amount to the revenue which had been quoted, then, with all his desire for the inviolability of church property, he would hardly know how to defend the possession of such an in come; but would the House give him credit for positively declaring that the sum named else where was more than eight times the actual value of his see—(Hear, hear)—the fixed income of which did not amount to 1-7th, he begged pardon 1-14th, of the net receipts, and never could so amount, taking all the contingencies and casual ties to which it was liable, to 1-7th of such a sum. Again, with respect to the land upon which the Bishop and others were trustees, and on which great stress had been, as he under,tood, laid, the whole income of it, for the last 40 years, did not exceed 2,7001. a-year; nor was it possible that the Bishop could, during the next 30 years, add above 1,0001. a-year to its value. The greatest part of the estate was impropriate rectories, and their Lordships knew well that these were not likely to increase. When they considered the calls upon the Bishop of Lon don, which such a person must always be ready to answer, for the sake of his own character and that of his see, little would be found of real income be yond the actual necessity of providing a compe tency for his family.—( Hear, hear.)—He had reason to believe from what he had read of what passed, that the same extreme exaggerations prevailed on the subject of the other sees which were mentioned in the debate.—(Hear, hear.)—The House then ad journed'. HOUSE OF COMMONS--(LAST NIGHT.) Mr. PEACH moved the order of the day for the Committee on Mugkett's Divorce Bill. Mr. S. RICE took this opportunity to express a hope, that in consequence of the unanimous feeling expressed both in and out of doors, when the last Divorce Bill was before the House, that some amendment would be effected in the law ; that steps would be taken to prevent such proceedings in future; and that some measure would be introduced, either by his Majesty's Government or by some Hon. Member of that House, to amend the law of divorce. The House then went into Committee on the Bill. Counsel was heard, and-witnesses were ex amined, and the House having resumed, the Bill was ordered to be read a third time on a future day. Mr. HUME could not let • that opportunity pass without expressing his entire concurrence in what had fallen from the Hon. Member for Limerick. Dr. PHILLIMORE expressed himself to the same effect, and gave notice, that unless the subject should be taken up by his Majesty's Government, he should upon the 18th of May submit to the House a proposition for amending the law with re gard to Divorce Bills. Mr. E. DAVENPORT gave notice, • that on Monday be should present a petition from Birming ham, signed by 5,000 persons, praying a reform in Parliament. Lord BELGRAVE presented a petition from Chester, praying for an amendment of the forgery laws. Sir G. CLERK presented a petition from Dal keit!), against the increase of duty on British spirits. Lord AUI'HO RP postponed the presentation of the petition regarding the Insolvent Debtors' Bill till to-morrow. Sir JOHN NEWPORT inquired why the Chan cellor of the Exchequer had not fulfilled his promise of laying before the House the amended schedule of stamp-duties, which it was necessary that Hon. Members should have in their hands before they were called upon to decide with regard to the pro posed measure. He complained that under the pre text of consolidation, the new measure went to im pose additional taxes, of which no notice had been given. Mr. HERRIES said, that full notice had been given by his Right Hon. Friend with regard to the imposition of the proposed duties. The Right Hon. Gentleman stated that the delay in the production of the amended schedule had arisen from the diffi culty of making it out. Sir J. NEWPORT repeated the assertion, that the measure did propose new taxes of which no notice had been given ; for though it had been said that the Bill would only apply to Ireland, it would have the effect of imposing new taxes on the United Kingdom generally, The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER denied the charge preferred by the Right Hon. Baronet. The amended schedule was in the hands of the printer, and would be laid before the House as soon as possible. After a few words from Dr. PIIILLIMORE and Mr. HUME, the conversation dropped. Sir R. WILSON presented a petition from Northampton, praying for the abolition of the punish ment of death in cases of forgery. Sir J. WROTTEsLEY presented a petition from Stafford against the Beer Bill. TERCEIRA. Mr. GRANT commenced his space!) by reading the Resolutions which it was his intention to submit to the House, and which were as follow That prior to the 12th of December, 1828, her Ma jesty the Queen Donna Maria 11. had been recognized by his Majesty and the other great Powers of Europe to be legitimate Queeu of Portugal; and that at the period LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, APRIL 29, 1830 above named the said Queen was residing- in this country, and had been received by his 'Majesty with the accustomed honours of her Royal rank. " That on the said 12th of December the Island of Terceira, part of the dominions of the Queen of Portugal, was governed by authorities, civil and military, in allegiance to her Majesty. " That on the said 12th of December instructions were given by the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, stating that a considerable number of Portuguese 'soldiers, and other foreigners, were about to sail in transports from Plymouth to Falmouth, and it is supposed they intend making an attack on Terceira, or other of the Western Isles; and his Majesty having been pleased to command that a naval force should be immediately despatched to in terrupt any such attempt, you are hereby required and directed to take the ship and sloop named in the margin under your command, and to proceed with all practical expedition to Terceira ; and having ascertained that you have succeeded in reaching that island before the transports alluded to, you will remain yourself at Angra or Praia, or cruising clase to the island in the most advisable position for intercepting any vessels arriving off it ; and you will detach the other ships as you shall deem best for preventing the aforesaid force from reaching any of the other " That on the arrival of the naval force sent to Ter ceira, in pursuance of these instructions, the Commanding Officer found that island in possession of and governed by the Authorities above mentioned. " That in the beginning of January, 1829, a number of. Portuguese, subjects or soldiers of her said Majesty, voluntarily left this country with a view of repairing to the said island, and that their departure and destination were known to his Majesty's Government; that they ap pear to have embarked and sailed in unarmed merchant ships, to have been unaccompanied by any naval force, and themselves without any arms or ammunition of war. " That these unarmed merchant ships and passengers were prevented by his Majesty's naval forces, sent for the purpose, from entering the harbour of Porto Praia; and that after they had been fired into, and blood had been spilled, they were compelled, under the threat of the fur ther use of force, again to proceed to sea, and warned to quit the neighbourhood of Terceira and the rest of the Azores, but that they might proceed wherever else they might think proper. " That the use of force in intercepting these unarmed vessels, and preventing them from anchoring and landing their passengers in the harbour of Porto Praia, was a vio lation of the sovereignty of the State to which the Island of Terceira belonged ; and that the further interference to compel those merchant ships or transports to quit the neighbourhood of the Azores,' was an assumption of juris diction upon the high seas, neither justified by the neces sity of the case, nor sanctioned by the general Law of Nations." The Hon. Member then proceeded to observe, that upon this subject some discussion had taken place in the last Session on the 'notion for papers respecting it, which had been made by his Hon: and Learned Friend, the Member . for Knares borough. Ministers had consented to give the pa pers, and they were now on the table. But they by no means afforded all the information which was necessary. Of that he had a right to complain. The House had not been fairly dealt with on the subject. Still, however defective as those papers were, they afforded sufficient. ground for his resolu tions ; and he should therefore proceed to address the House on the subject. Before, however, he entered on the main question, he %visited to make one remark. His Majesty's Government had re solved that this country should maintain a strict neutrality between the two parties in Portugal. On the wisdom or the expediency of that resolution he would not enter; he would give no opinion of it, because he did not wish to draw the attention of the House from the topic which he was more particularly desirous of bringing before them. He should there fore assume that we were in a strictly neutral posi tion between the parties, and on that assumption his remarks wouid be based. But he begged to ob serve that neutrality, as all the great writers on na tional law had stated, was of two kinds—voluntary and stipulated. It might exist with reference to two belligerents, with one of whom we had, and with the other of whom we had not, any previous alliance or friendship. Now, what was our position in that respect with the two parties in Portugal ? With Don Miguel we had never had any treaty of alliance, or any compact whatever. More than that, we had denounced the cause of Don Miguel as unjust ;—we had denounced Don Miguel him self as an usurper, and as deserving of every odium. It was clear, therefore, that our neu trality, as it respected Don Miguel, was voluntary ; that it was a neutrality Which we observed for our own interests, not for those of Don Miguel, with whom we had no compact or understanding. What resulted from this ? That if it pleased us to-morrow to convert our neutrality with reference to Don Miguel into hostile relations, he would have no right to complain, and the character of England would b e • untarnished. But how different was the case with respect to the Queen Donna Maria! She was the descendant and representative of a long line of Sovereigns with whom this country had concluded an ancient treaty, and had long maintained the most intimate intercourse. We had acknowledged her cause to be just. We had recognised her as the lawful Queen of Portugal. To her we were bound by compact to be at least neutral. 'What resulted from this ? That if we were to convert our neu trality with reference to Queen Donna Maria into hostile relations, she would have a right to complain, and the character of England would be tarnished. Nothing could be more clear. With the Usurper of Portugal our neutrality was voluntary, and the maintenance of it was optional; with the lawful Queen of Portugal our neutrality was the effect of previous stipulation, and we cou:d not abandon it without dishonour. To Don Miguel we bad shown every degree of alienation short of actual war: to the Queen Donna Maria we had shown every degree of friendship short of actually espousing her cause. it followed that, if circumstances should compel us to de part from the strict line of neutrality we had prescribed to ourselves, the departure ought to be in favour oft he party with whom we had previous engagements of amity, and not in favour of ►.lie party with whom we had no such previous engagements. If any doubt whatever existed on the subject, that doubt ought to be thrown into the scale of the former. He would now proceed to consider the course of con duct which had been pursued by his Majesty's Go vernment; and in so doing he would adhere to the order of time, as calculated to render the statement more perspicuous. In the first place, he could not help thinking it rather ex:raordinary that, although the Portuguese refugees came to this country in Au gust, their presence did not seem to have attracted the attention of his Majesty's Government until it • was brought under their notice in the middle of Oc tober by the letter of the Marquis Barbacena. The duty of a neutral is to be passive, not active ; neu trals ought to be absent, and not interfere without their proper jurisdiction. A great writer has said that neutrals ought not to interfere on the principle of rendering equal justice to both parties; they ought not to interfere at all. It is impossible for tiny neu tral to know what equal assistance is, for ha atinnot form so accurate a judgment of the situation of the parties. If a neutral had a right to interfere, he must have a right to enforce his interference. A weak neutral would respect the law of nations, but a strong neutral will disregard them. The English Constitution said, that if a slave entered her terri tory he was free; but Ministers said, that if the martyrs to liberality put foot upon her shores they became slaves, and this was what they termed the law of nations. But they proceeded fur ther, and at every step new principles started up. The Colonies were to follow the example of the Mother Country, and the usurper was de facto Sovereign of Portugal, whilst his brother was Sovereign of the Colonies de jure. This was the language of Government. This was an inconsistency Government could not extricate themselves from. The only justification of Government was that civil war was reigning in Terceira ; but the papers before • the House proVed directly'the reverse. The first proof of the internal condition of Terceira was the letter of the Marquis Barbacena. This was on the 15th of October, and on the 187 h of October this was answered by the Duke of Wellington. The next evidence was the letter of the Marquis Palmella, of 20th December. This stated that Terceira was perfectly true to her legal Severeign, and had never swerved from her allegiance. It enclosed an address from the authorities of the island, professing their strongest fidelity to their Sovereign. On the 23d December the Duke of Wellington answered thi, letter. In that answer nothing was said about Terceira being in a state of civil war, but it was written under an impression that that person had abused his good faith. If the Duke of Wellington had thought civil war raged in the island, that would have formed the climax of his assertions ; but the • letter shewed that Government was not at that time in a condition to refer to the statement of the Marquis of Palmella—Captain Walpole's first com munication had been after the orders of our Go- Vernment had been issued. Captain Walpole said that the garrison was faithful to Don Miguel. Now the garrison consisted of only 750 men; and if the people were devoted to Donna Maria, how were they acquiescent under so small a garrison ? The Governor of Terceira was one of the creatures of Don Miguel; he excited a commotion, but he was able to get but a few persons together to support him ; and in a moment this parry was suppressed. The peasantry assisted in putting down his efforts. It had been urged, that symptoms of republicanism had manifested themselves in Ter ceira, and that money had been coined with repub lican inscriptions. This was totally false ; for nothing of the sort had been done in the island. It had been urged that arms had been sent from this country to Terceira, in the first instance; but if this bad been permitted, he asked would it violate neutrality to let these persons follow ? It was no torious that arms and ammunition had been pur chased in this country ; and, if this had been allowed, was it consistent to stop those persons in their pro ceeding to Terceira ? He would now come to the conduct of Government in enforcing its prohibition; and here their proceedings were tantamount to war —to direct and positive war. If that nation had had the power to defend itself, where would have been the consequence ? Our Government chose a victim, well knowing whom the) could insult and trample upon. They knew they were not dealing with France, Russia, or the United States, but with fugitives, and these were the victims on whom our Government showered their gratuitous neutrality. Even war itself ought not to be commenced in this summary manlier; and although we had commenced war without the usual preliminaries in the attack on the Spanish frigates in 1804, arid on Copenhagen in 1807, our acquittal had not yet been pronounced by the nations of Europe. Two or three of these vessels had their boats out to land their crews when the English frigate appeared. Now vothing could be a more gross outrage of the law of nations than for a neutral to interfere within the territory of another country, and within that distance of the shore all writers considered the territory of a country to extend. It was a strange thing, as part of the conduct of the Government in this proceeding, that they chose, the very moment Donna Maria was received in the Palace of our ancient Kings, to turn back her own subjects from the only spot of earth which acknowledged her controul. —(Hear.)—He did not impute any blame to our Gallant Officers upon the occasion ; they only acted under orders, which were not the less reprehensible, because they had not been at tended with great bloodshed. It might have so happened that one of them might have been com pelled to fire broadsides, instead of small arms, upon those unfortunate individuals ; arid therefore, al though the loss was trifling, no argument in favour of Ministers could be founded upon it. He next adverted to the letter written on the 18th of October by the Duke of Wellington to the Marquis Barba cena, and quoted a passage, stating, that if the Portuguese subjects of Donna Maria desired to make war upon the Azores instead of Portugal, they were at liberty to do so, provided they went as indivi duals. They did go as individuals, and they were repulsed.—(Hear, hear.) He contended they did go as individuals, for they went without arms, and therefore were as little under the circumstances of a hostile armament as any body of settlers going to the Swan River or New South Wales. He con tradicted the assertion that one half of this body of men consisted of Germans. He allowed that two hundred and sixty of them had touched at Plymouth, but they received neither arms nor provisions, nor had they spoken to anybody, except two of the officers of the depots. These Germans then went to Madeira, and from thence to Terceira, whence they, after having been received in the name of a legal Sovereign, were driven back by the armed boats of a neutral power.—(Hear, hear.) Many insinuations had been thrown out, and many charges had been made against the persons who had conducted this expedition. They were refugees. They were unfortunate, and they were now absent ; and this lie thought might have oecasioned:some little delicacy in condemning them. But what had they clone? Did they, in the face of Europe, take oaths which they forthwith laughed at, steeping themselves in the guilt of fourfold perjury ? Did' they violate the majesty of our King by entering into solemn obli gations, which they at the earliest opportunity tossed to the winds? Did they go to Portugal and take oaths innumerable, which they subsequently trampled under foot, in the presence of a betrayed, insulted, and oppressed people ? Did they desecrate thrones by • the commission of the basest and most revolting' crimes ? No ; and yet he had heard of such things having been done, which had not excited any great feeling.—(Loud and continued cheering.) A charge Of falsehood and treachery had been brought against these unfortunate men. He had looked into the pa pers, arid could not see anything in the least sus picious, except the change of destination. On the 15th October, Marquis Barbacena proposed to le v r eneepe a eiddi n d rdiabte, t iieol i i Refugees n licilitahat cti : :Ngbovu,lenalledisssne to kigispiatiel ' Tercei ra; ler Palmella nle amid ,1 leyfeir r ai eo Cei attrflinipt e r imlr a oeppo ; on pir.toeoeiisms. ttneilletidl the 2 presumption tttit:nititrthilaoteal of bath No ,n it iriaaAsasttzmstisitell—xlc,itt Terceira, which was a sort of dependence on Ma deira, had also fallen into Don Miguel's hands; but then, on the 20th of December, it was ascertained ppiro.roiNipp,ceoisree7tgohtlialoi continued directnfHuo e r ed th eit e looi su N ic(o a t i• ni i .so u et is that Terceira was still safe, and what could be more towards m tl e i l e la m t i o ly again acknowledge acknowledge tilswaye that a of t any his treachery had been used; but supposing there bad of been some disingenuousness, it was, after all, but the struggle of.patriotism against power; and cer tainly the charge of ill-faith came with a very bad grace from those who had themselves forced the parties thus accused into it. There was another ar gument which was now much i ns i ste d upon, a l t h ough formerly it had never been urged. It was, that if they were by fraud betrayed into a violation of the n eutrality they p ro f esse d,. t h ey m i g h t follow the guilty parties into any foreign port. Now if this were so, the Law of Nations had lost that inflexible character it formerly possessed; it was no longer the protection of the strong against the weak—that would he regulated by expediency alone. The Law of Nations in short, would be altogether uprooted, and society. would be driven back to that state of confusion and violence from which it had been rescued by this inter national compact. But ho wouhl ask was this case of neutrality a new one ? Certainly not. He would, however, only allude to the case of 1819, which was the latest. The Foreign Enlistment Bill was !hen passed, and yet, notwithstanding, vessels daily left our ports under false pretences ; and it never occurred to Spain, or even Turkey, to demand that we should follow the ships to a foreign port.—(Hear, hear.)—At this period, too, it was decided by Mr_ Canning, respecting the municipal law, that it did not extend beyond our own ports; and doubtless, this was much wore true of the international law. And truly the world had expressed its opinion of our conduct, and the nature of it was proved by the satisfaction of all the enemies of freedom, and by the sorrow of all its friends —(Wear, hear.)—The practical question was, why we had not stopped those persons in our own ports ? But the defence was, that they had left this under false pretences, and had sailed for Terceira before we could stop them, or knew anything about it. Was this so, or was sufficient time allowed Government to be aware of their intentions ? If there was anything of cor rectness in the dates, Government had ample time ; for on the 20th of December the Marquis of Barba cena gave notice to the Duke of Wellington that it wa• their intention to proceed to Terceira, and a correspondence of a fortnight took place, the one urging his right to go to that place, the other deny ing it.—(Hear, hear.)—The course of Go vernment, he contended, had been to endeavour to induce the Emperor of Brazil to sacrifice Donna Maria to the Usurper of her rights, and the enemy of her branch of the family. He did not envy France and the Netherlsnds the glory they had acquired by their conduct to those individuals; but he regretted that England had been found wanting in those qualities which were consi dered peculiarly her own. Unbend England could never be more than a secondary power.—(Cheers.) —She never could maintain her ascendancy—and he spoke not of the vain ascendancy secured by conquests and bloodshed, but of that secured by the buoyancy of her principles—unless she placed her self in the vau of liberal opinions. Then would she rise to her native seat, which was in the front of the enlightened portion of Europe. Great hopes had been formerly entertained that, by the influence of England, nations already in the career of freedom might have been assisted, and others might be led into the same glorious course. It had been hoped that Austria, with its vassal Thrones, and Spain might have been set free, and that the great crime by which Poland had been blotted from the map of Europe might be retrieved ; but now the friends of freedom throughout the vt orld were dismayed, and its enemies exulted. . It was in the power of the House to check the one, and extinguish the other feeling; and he now called upon them to record their opinion in agreeing to Resolutions which touched upon a transaction which had inflicted a greater stain upon the English character than any he was aware of, and which every lover of his country would wish to see wiped away.—(Loud cheers.)— -The Right Hon. Gentleman then moved his first Resolution. 'Cord L. GOWER feared he might be charged with presumption in rising to address the House immediately after the eloquent appeal which had been made to it by the Right Hon.Genileman, but he trusted his usual disinclination to trouble them ex cept in concerns connected with his office, and the zeal which he felt for the honour of the country, might be considered a sufficient excuse. He had for some time looked with considerable anxiety upon the laconic notice which had been so long on the paper, and this was more from a conviction of his Right Hon. Friend's talents in advocating any question, than from apprehension of any conclusions he might be able to draw from the papers in ques tion. The Right Hon. Gentleman had entered into a subtle discussion respecting the difference be tween stipulated and voluntary neutrality. In this it was unnecessary to follow him, as neutrality had been, by his own confession, agreed upon as the policy of the State. It had also been remarked, that it was singular those Portuguese remained so long in this country without having attracted the notice of Government; but the fact was, there was a disinclination to enter upon any obnoxious course of proceeding respecting those unfortunate occur rences. He wished to supply an omission of his Right Hon. Friend's, and to observe that the good offices of England had been used with Spain in favour of her refugees, and the result was that greater time was allowed to them in the Spanish territory. He denied that Government had dictated to those persons where they should go. 'I hey had only declared where they should not go. The Right Hon. Gentleman was mistaken in stating that Terceira was at the time under the actual govern ment of Donna Maria. There was a party in her favour, and probably her adherents were much stronger than their opponents ; but still there was a division in the place. The Right Hon. Gentleman bad been at great pains, but, as it seemed to him, very unsuccessfully, to divest the persons who went out to Terceira of a military character. The gar rison there had effected a military revolution, and arms were provided for the use of these persons on their arrival. The Right Hon. Gentleman had spoken as if these persons were perfectly guiltless of drawing these proceedings on themselves; and as if, when they had once quitted the ports of England, they were fully entitled to all the benefits of neutrality. Did the Right Hon. Gentleman forget the three-fold warnings of the Duke of Wellington ; and did not their disobedience of those warnings take from the force of the Right Hon. Gentleman's assumption ? In the letter of the Duke of Wellington, giving the permission to depart, the expression, " as indivi duals," had been employed, and the Noble Duke much regretted the misconstruction which these persons had put upon that expression—a miscon struction which the Right Hon Gentleman had also unfortunately attached to it. He thought that in this discussion the merits or demerits of the parties concerned ought not to be considered. His Right. Hon. Friend had, however, introduced them; end the cheers given to that part of the speech convinced him, that if the parties had been reversed—if Donna Maria had been in possession of the Throne, and Don Miguel had gone from this country to gain over Terceira to his party—and if he had-been sunk in the port of Praia, nothing- would have been said of the matter in that House.—(Hear, hear.) He knew it was said, both in and out of that House, that this country had been lowered in public opinion in Europe, by her conduct towards Portugal. The credit -of this country was divided into a credit re sulting from its fluctuating internal prosperity and power, and into one which might be called its cre dit abroad, depending entirely on the disposition of this Government to make use of its reoii, ces v, hat ever they might be. With respect to the first he laid nothing to do ; and with i o respect seihigho he second, he confessed, he entertained its worth—knowing, as he did , how much it was in fluenced - estimate o by erroneous notions as to the nature of our and people dillicult i‘lulac.idc,Ca as call e d t h e Liberal our found i t to prevent, on i n stitutions, lie kne w h ow great l y the nne that which party from entertaining unfounded expectations, awl on the other to defend himielf from the charge of unwillingness to support them. That Right Hen. Gentleman had been praised for planting the standard of the Constitution in Portugal, and blamed for not planting it in Spaia ; and he bad been accused, with reference to the latter country, of tarnishing the national honour by truckling to France. Opinions thus unsteady and inconsistent deserved little notice, and he cared little for that of men who, when not able to maintain their own Go vernment, quarrelled with us for not expending Eng lish blood and treasure in its support. He must say, that he had often heard promises of national gratitude, but had never been happy enough to see them paid. They might last through the brief in toxication of a pageant or a review, but they were soon forgotten in the actual business of political life. Ile believed, too, that much of the national affec tion, of which so much had been said, would, upon examination, be found to smell rather strongly of the wine casks of Oporto. The Noble Lord here read a letter from Lord Aberdeen to the Admiralty, dated Jan. 24, 1829, and directing that a quick sailing vessel might be despatched to prevent the vessels of Don Miguel from sinking or destroying those of the emigrants.—(Hear, hear.)—His Lord ship added, that, in fact, additional instructions had been sent out to the Commanders of our ships to supply them with whatever they might want, ant that those instructions had been fully obeyed. He contended that these facts showed the liberal dispo sition of this Government in its conduct towards them, and he asserted that, considering there was nothing to call for the passing of the resolutions of the Right Hon. Gentleman, helelt there was no other course open to him but to give them a de cided negative. He therefore moved the previous question. Dr. PHILLIMORE, after paying the utmost attention to what had fallen from the Noble Lord, could not but feel convinced that he had declined the real argument in the case, and had confined his defense of the Government to the merely petty technical parts of the subject. The Noble Lord had misapprehended the question, which was, whe ther, on the papers now before the House, there was not enough to show that this country had been guilty of a gross violation of the laws of nations On all the principles of those laws he feared he must answer that question in the affirmative. Since the reign of Charles 11. up to this time, there had been no imputation on the public conduct of this Go vernment so strong as was conveyed in these papers. Those who argued on the same side with him might be deemed pedants in their desire to conform to the established rules of the laws of nations; but he must say that these laws were too strong to be shaken with impunity. All the great writers on those laws —all the eminent Judges who had administered them, had agreed upon these great propositions which he would now state. The first was—that in time of peace it was not allowed to any State what ever to search, stop, or chase any vessel on the high seas, unless that vessel had proceeded beyond these limits which common convenience had assigned ss the boundaries of each country. The second was, that the above principle was to be applied in the spirit of the strictest equality. All States were, with reference to its operation, equal—the smallest and the greatest were entitled to the same protection from it. The same learned authorities had unanimously determined the third proposition— namely, that the ports of each country were the same as the body of the land itself, and that in fact they were an integral part of the country. To these three propositions he begged to direct the attention► of the House. There was a remarkable instance of the adherence of this country to these principles in the course of the last war. Every one knew how earnest this country had been with respect to the slave trade. During the last war an American vessel had been detained on the coast of Africa by one of the King's cruisers. That vessel was brought in for adjudication, and the two countries having both pro hibited the trade, and the search being justified by the fact that the two countries were at war, the Privy Council ordered the vessel to be confiscated. But let the House mark the difference in a time of peace. France had agreed with us as to the pro priety of abolishing the slave trade, and on the coast of Africa one of our ships found a French vessel en gaged in the trade. The slave ship was brought in for adjudication; but the Court said that searching another vessel was all very well in a state of hosti lity, and that this trade was undoubtedly as contrary to humanity and justice, as it was to the laws of the two countries; but that in a time of peace there was no right of search existing on the high seas, and the French ship was ordered to be restored to its owners. The Honourable and Learned Member then quoted from the laws of the Belgians the provision inflicting the punishment of death on such as interfered with the free passage of any vessel, subject or enemy, on the high seas and cited the very distinct confirma tion of that rule, by the practice of all the authorities on national laws, as stated by Bynkershoeck. The rule of non-interference in times of peace had been strongly laid down by Lord Stowell, who said, that on the sea, out of the reach of cannon shot from the shore, an universal and uninterrupted use was pre sumed. His Lordship had repeatedly acted on that rule, defining the boundaries of each country to ex tend, as they had been settled since the introduction of fire arms, to three miles from the shore. All the three great principles stated by him (Dr. Phil limore) had received the sanction of Lord Stowell, who had ;lain and again recognised them in his judicial decisions, and had distinctly de clared that no one state had authority to search the vessels of another if out of its own boundaries, except in the exercise of the rights of one belli gerent towards another. Such being the law, he should now briefly advert to the facts of the case. in the first place, it was impossible not to be struck with the want of sympathy manifested by the Duke of Wellington with the persons to whom his etters were addressed—he called there routed and dispirited troops, who fled at the first sight of the enemy. Surely the Noble Duke ought to have recollected the ancient Treaties of Alliance which bound the two countries together, and the recipro city of feeling and interest which had long existed between them. An insult to the Sovereign had always been esteemed an insult to the State, and, therefore, he was justified in asserting, the usurper of the Throne of Portugal had offered an insult to the people of England, which it was inconsistent with their dignity and character as a nation to bear, In reviewing the correspondence thrown upon the table of the [louse, he could not but consider it as peculiarly devoid of that sympathy for the suffering portion of the Portuguese nation, which they had a right to expect, and which it reflected but little credit upon the writers of those letters to refuse them. There was to be found, however, one excep tion to that general tone—it was to be-found in the letters of a Right Hon. Gentleman, who within two years had filled the office of Prime Minister of this country ; it reminded the reader of aneecurrenee in the heroic ages, when a female searching for the most splendid garments in which to adorn her per son for an approaching festival, found, on opening a chest for that purpose, that one shot forth rays of light, surpassing all the others in brilliancy—so of the letters of Mr. Canning, he appeared to have written as if his mind had never been accustomed to entertain any but the just principles . of public law—imbued with every right prin. ciple for which the nicest Casuists and the most subtle publicists had obtained celebrity—not a single position contended for in the letters of that Right Hon. Gentleman would, upon the strictest examination, be found inconsistent with the acknow ledged and recognised law of Europe. Again, he thought that the letters of the Marquis of Palmella were likewise deserving the most actions attention, f:rr he appeared to be fully master of the subject ; but though he was so, he had not availed himself of the advantages which that mastery inrested him with to misrepresent or sophisticate—he must say that the Marquis Pahnells rrither understated than overstated the matter in dispute. Ile took the law of nations to be most clear and distinct upon A., present question--the principle hail never been cut, PRICE 7D. PARISIAN COSTUMES AND COSTUMES OF LONGCHAMP. TOWNSEND'S SELECTION of PA RISIAN COSTUMES, for May, contains Eight Plates of Figures, price only ls. 6d. As the Proprietor receives a:weekly packet from Paris, this Work exhibits whatever change of costume occurs in the capital. A reference to the back Numbers (any of which may be had at the publishers) will prove how in variably the London fashions have been taken frog► these Models. 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