The Sun. — London, England, 1863-01-13 00:00:00

ALBERT MEDICAL and FAMILY ENDOW " ME ST LIFE ASSURANCE COMPANY, 7, tterloo-place, Pall-mall, London, S.W. Establ'shed 1838. NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN, That the -HALF YEA !MY DIVIDEND to the 3 st ultimo, after the rate of Seven per Cent. per Annum, is in course of PAYMENT to the Shareholders FRANK EASUM, Secretary. 10th Jan., 1863. THE 13RITTH AND FOREIGN MARINE INSURANCE CO NIPANY (Limited.) Incorporated und'r the Companies Act, 1802, whth specially limits the liability of each Shareholder to the amount of his Shares. Capital, £1,000,000, in 50,00 Shares of £2O each. With power to increase to £2,0.0,000. First Issue, 25,000 Shares. Deposit, on Application, £1 per Share, and £1 on Allotment. DIRECTORS. Archibald Boyd, Director of the Union Bank of London Francis C. Braun, of Blessig, Uraun, and Co Liverpool. Thomas Chilton, of Holderness and Chilton, Pre sident of the Chamber of Commerce Francis Anderson Clint, of Clint and Co., Chair man of the shipowners' asocialion Chas. B. Colelle›ter, of CJlchrster and Woolner London. William James Fernie, of Fernie Brothers and Co Liverpool. Arthur Bower Forwood, of Leech, Harrison, and Norw00d.... . Peter George Heyworth, of El eyworth, Pearce, and Balman Liverpool. Thomas Harrison, of Thomas Harrison and Co Liverpool. Thomas Kendall, of Kendall Brothers Liverpool. Edward Lawrence, of 14:. Lawrence and Co Liverpool. George Lyall, of I.yall, Still. and Co . London. Andrew Malcomson, of J. and D. ‘: alcomson and Co Liverpool. Robert Alaxwell, of A. F. and R. Maxwell Liverpool. George M. Pap , yanni, of Par,ayanni Brothers Liverpool. John Park, of Williams, Park, and Co. Liverpool. Chas. h. Prioleau, of Fraser, Trenholm, and Co. Liverpool. Jvhn Ravenscrof , , of W. and J. Rmvenscro't and •0.. Chairman of the North and South Wales Bank James Searight, of James Seari!zlit and Co Lnndon. Samuel Stitt. of Slit Brothers and C Thomas Wilkinson Tetley, of Hollinshead, Tet ley, and Co. Thomas Stenhouse, Director of the Chartered Mercantile Bank of India, Sze, henry Treliall Wilson, of H. T. Wilson and Chambers SOLICITORS. Messrs. Fletcher and Hull, Liverpool. Messrs. Flux and Argles, Mincing-lane, London. BROKERS. London—Messrs. Laurence, Son, and Pearce, Auction Mart, Liverpool. Llverpool—Messrs, Thomas Tin ey and Eons Mesrs. G. and T. Irvine. BANKERS. The Union Bank of London, London. The Union Bank of Liverpool, Liverpool. TEMPORARY OFFICES OF THE COMPANY. 6, Cook-street, Liverpool. 39, Lothbury, London, E.C. Notwithstanding that several new Marine Insurance Com panies hive been established within the last few years, it is generally recognised that the means of effecting . marine in sunnees are not sufficient to meet the increising expansion of trade, insurers being now driven to effect their insurances in remote towns in the provinces, in Ireland and Scotland, and on the Continents of Europe and America. The actual pric, of shares in the existing . Marine Insur ance companies demonstrate clearly that Lilo, ousines.s is highly remunerative. of th new Companies one only has been established in Liverpool, and it has already secured a very large and lucra tive business. More than half the exports and imports of the kingdom pass through the port of Liverpool, and there is no doubt, therefore, that another Company having its Chief Offices in London and Liverpool will meet with ample support. Under these circumstances the British and Foreign Marine Insurance Company has bean established. The business of the Company will be c )nflned to the issu ing of policies on freight and goods only, and it is expressly provid.d. as a fundamental element in the constitution of this Company, that no insurance shall be effected on the ships themselves. The principle of limited liability, as applicable to insurance companies, came into operation during the month of Novem ber 1 • st. The Directors, observing that in bankinfr, and other Important commercial enterprises limited liability has met w th universal favour, have adopted it as an unalterable principle in the present undertaking. • The Directors, therefore, express the greatest confidence in the success of this C ni,pany. Such provision has been made by the Directors for the pre liminary expo uses as will secure the Company against pay ' ing any promotion money. A copy of the articles of association lies at the offices of the Company for inspection. The prospectus and forms of applications for shares may be obtained of the brokers of the • ompany. Application for shares to be addressed to the Directors ; but no application *will be considered unless a payment has been made to the bankers of the Company of £1 per share, on the nu nber of shares applied for. '1 his sum will be returned If no allot ment is made to the applicant. FORNI OF APPLICATION FOR. SHARES. (To be retained by the Bankers.) To the Directors of the British and Foreign Marine Insur ance Corm any (Limited). Gentlemen,--Tlavingr, paid to 'your bankers the sum of , being a deposit of per slire on shares in the above Company. I hereby req lest that you will allot me that number, and I agree to become a member of the Company in respect of such shares, or in respect of any le-s number you may allot me, and to execute the Articles of As sociation, when required; and I request that my name may be placed on the Register of Members for the shares so al lotted. Name in full Residence Profession or Business Date THE BRITISH and AMERICAN EXCHANGE BANKING CORPORATION (Limited). established under the Companies Act, 1852, with Limited Liability. Capital, £1,000,000 sterling, in 20,000 Shares of .£5O each. First Issue 10,000 Shares. It is not intended to call Ito more than £l5 per ehare. With power to the Shareholders to increase the Capital. Deposit, LI per Share on application, and .£1 per Share on allotment. DIRECTORS Archibald Boyd, Esq., Director of the Union Bank of London William James Feri , ie, Esq., of the firm of Fernie Brothers and o. James Gilchrist, Esq., of the firm of bilchrist, Watt, and Co., of Sydney, Director of the Union Bank of London Rob( rt Gillespie, jun., Esq., of the firm of Gil lespies, Moffatt, and Co. London. Henry George Gordon, Esq., Chairman of the Oriental Bank orporation London. Xiarold Littledale, Esq., of the firm of T. and H. Littledale and Co .. Liverpool. William M. Neill, Esq., of the * firm of Neill Brothers and Co. Manchester. Thomas Rees, Esq„ of the firm of R. and T. WoodwArd and Co William Rennie. Esq., of the firm of Cavan, Lubbock, and Co Samuel Stitt, Esq., of the firm of Stitt Brothers and Cp.. London. Liverpool. BANKERS. London— The Union Bank of London. Liverprol—The Bank of E❑gland. Manchester—The Bank of England. India and China—The Oriental Bank Corporation. SOLICITORS. London—Messrs. Cotterill and Sons. IL.trerpool—Messrs. Fletcher and Hull. BROKERS. London--Shepparric. Pelly. and Allcard, cB, Threadneedle street ; J. and J. Whitehead, 8, Moorgate• street. Liverpool—Horsfall and Addison. TEMPORARY OFFICES. 6, Newman's-court, Cornhill, London. Middleton Buildings, Rumford-street, Liverpool. The British and American Exchange Banking Corporation Limited) is formed for the purpose chiefly of dealing in Ex changes, a business which, excepting with British posses- Mons, has hitherto been mainly in the hands of private firma; and ir is well known that with many countries such banking facilities have not been afforded to merchants and others as the vastly extended commerce of the present day demands. This is particularly the case in the trade between England and America, and it is procosed that this Corporation shall commence its operations by the establishment of an agency Nrw York. The profitable nature of exchange bn'iness is well known, especially that with the American States, and although the profit is at present greater than can be calculated upon in ordinary years, there is generally a much larger margin than is usually found remunerative by bankers. The purchase and sale on commission of securities in New York and London, the dealings in which amount annually to many millions sterling, and the remittances of interest and dividends, will afford other sources of profit. The practice now become very general of attaching bills of lading to bills of exchange as collateral security, renders ex change operations more than usually safe, whilst the ship , anent of gold involves scarcely any risk whatever. The shipments of produce - and specie from New York alone for the past year have amounted to nearly forty millions sterling, and the average of several years has not been much less. There is thus a very extended field for the ope rations of the Corporation, and the facilities which it will afford, both in this country and America, must tend to pro mote, and still further to extend, the commercial and mone tary transactions between the two countries. The same rem ar k s are app li ca b le to other places i n w hi c h the establishment of agencies is contemplated. A large b us i ness is also anticipated betwixt America and the ports in India and China, which will be carried out in co operation with the Oriental Bank Corporation. The success of Joint-stock Banks dealing in Exchange is evidenced by the present quotations of the shares of the un dermentioned companies ; and it is somewhat remarkable that the joint-stock principle has not yet been adopted in the American trade, though presenting a wider field for its profit able operation than any otherpart of the world. Paid-up Present Prices. Bank of Australasia 4O .... f 9 to 71 New South Wales 2O .... 49 „ 51 Union of Australia London Chartered of Australia Oriental Agra and United Service Mercantile Bank of India,Lond la, and China 25 .... 41 „ 63 Ottoman Colonial 25 .... 41 „ 43 The Corporation will have offices both in London and LiverpooL The Corporation is formed under " The Companies' Act, 1862,” whereby the liability of the shareholders is strictly limited to the amount of their respective shares. N o promotion money will be given for originating the un dertaking, and the preliminary expenses will be strictly con fined to such as are indispensable. 0 f or shares may be addressed i n th e annexed Applications form to the Directors, or to the Brokers of th e C orporation, and copies of the prospect u s mit o y r b a e t o t b h t e on a L in o e n d d upo a n na E v ap i lic e a r: tion to them, or the Soli cit o rs, POOl Offices of the Corporation. No. FORM To o b r e rAetaPPinLerdCAbTyltOhNefuOaßnkSenrsA. RES. To the Directo n rs an o k f in t g h c e oßrpriotriasthioan (Limited) cliAmfmteedrran Exchange 4 Gentlemen,---Ha i vin o f it p o s f id to per your sh arebankers you u u h m awri o eis f l being a I..eP ation I hereby requ est that in the above Corpoi. Moot me that nu m ber, ruld I agree to become a meetmobfearnoyfltehses e C orporation in respect of such shares, or in r es p name m ay be ncluatimobnerwyhoeunmreagyuailrleodt;maen,d f andretle to execute untleatthmeyarties asso- Placed on the register of m embers for the shares so allot t e d ..... Name in full .............. . Residence Profession or business ........ Date• 0 gTE co EID 0 N' What is It? See Patent, Martlh 1, 1862, No. 540. GABRIEL'S Self-adhesive Patent IndZstruotible MINE AJ. TEE VFI and FLEXIBLE GUMS, !fringe, or wires, and without operation. One set lasts a 14371 1 (111 a 11 d , 'WARRANTED FOR MASTICATION and without palates, cost. "2'o N. Purest materials only, at halt the usual Messrs GABRIEL, the old-established Dentists, 27, HARLEY-STREET, CAVENDISH-SQUARE; 31, LUDGATE-HILL, LONDON; 65, NEW-STREET, BIRMINGHAM; and 134, DIM r -STREET, LIVERPOOL. INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, CLASS 17. One Practical visit vatis onlye grauirtis re . qed from Country p a ti ents, G a b r iel's Tr j.:(413 al ta ti or.a tree. EWS, , No• owity N° 22,009. T HE CON TINEN TAL BANK CORPO RATION (Limited). To be Established under "The Companies'Act, 1862," where by the liatility of each Shareholder is limited to the amount of his Shares. Capital £1,000,000, in 10,000 Shares of t 100 each. First issue, 5,00 u Shares. Deposit £1 per Share, with a furtherpayment of £2 per Share on allment. It is not cont em pl a t e d to call u ot p more than £25 per Share, and no Call shall exceed £5 per Share. IRECTORS. Paul Pro 6, Esi., 41, Threa D dneedle-street, London. William W. Cargill, Esq., Director of the Oriental Bank Corporation. James t. Cumming, Esq., Messrs. Cumming, Beaver, and Co., London and Singapore. Thomas H. Gladstone, Esq., Messrs. John Gladstone and Co., White Lion, ourt, Cornhi.l. Salomon 11. Godefroi, Esq., Messrs. De Mottos and Godefroi, Copthn 1 I-court William J. Maxwell, Esq., Director of the National Pro vincial B .nk of ngland. The H )nourable t;oden Noel, Chandos-street, Cavendish square. Robert A. Routh. Esq., Deputy Chairman of the English and Austreian Copper Company. Vincent B. Tritton, Esq., Messrs. Kelson, Tritton, and Co., Old Broad-street. Richard B. Wad , „ Esq., Director of the National Provincial Bank of England. BAY KERS. Messrs. Barclay, Bevan, Tritton, and Co., 51, Lombard- street, E.C. The National Provincial Bank of England at its various Branches. S maciTons -➢iessrs. Wilkinson, Stevens, and Wilkinson, J\ icholas-lane E C BROKERS.—Nessrs. Hi hens, Hiriison, and Co., 21, Thread needle-street, KC. SECRETARY.—George umming, Esq. Temporary Offices.--90, Cannon-street, E.C. The application of the joint-stock principle to Banking and Exchanges, under the control and general management of boards of di ectors in London, has proved so eminently suc cessful in the Brit sh colonies and dependencies, more parti cularly in the East and West Indies, that it is deemed xpe dient to intro nc that system into the Continent of Europe, with which onr commerci tl intercourse is now so great as to demand , dd tionu facilities and safety in support of our mu tual monetary transactions. Banking on the Engish system, and with English capital, has already been applied with success to foreign countries in the instances of tt.e t Atoman Bank as regards Turkey, and the Bank of Eypt in Egypt, both conducted under Royal Charters of Incorporation. ( ether companies have more re cently been established, with similar objects, under the Limited Liability Act. The Directors pr pose to take powers to apply for a special Charter for this Bank. In the limits of TP;ospectus it is impossible to enter into full details, but official statistics are available to show the increase in the totals of o , ir Imi,orts and exports of merchan d: -e wit!} the principal countries of Central Europe, between the ye ,rs 185} an 1 1.461, which may b - briefly given thus:— With France, from 17 f o 3i millions ; with Germany, from 16 to 19 millions ; with Holland, trom 13 to 18 millions ; with. Italy, f rom 5 to 9 millions ; and with Spain, from 5 to 8 mil lions sterling - . Arrangements are matured to secure the services of gentle men of large experience to conduct the Foreign Department of the business. The Bank, in addition to ordinary banking operations, will conduct all the. business of Exchange Agents. It will Import and Expo! t Goid and Silver. Purchase approved Bills of Exchange, Coupons, Notes, &c. Undertake Foreign Financial Agencies. Grant Drafts on its various Agenc es, and issue Circular Notes. Buy apd Sell Forelzn Stoc',s and Shares on Commission. ApOications for Shares must be made in the annexed form, accompanied by a deposit of £1 per share. If no allot ment be made to the applicant, the deposit will be returned without deduction ; and if a le , s number be allotted than is appl ed for the surplus will be placed towards the payment on allotment. Prospectuses and Forms of Application for Shares maT be obtained ai the Temporary Offices, I+o, Cannon-street, L.C., and fr„m the Brokers of the Company. ROYAT, FREE HOSPITAL FOR THE DESTI ['UTE SICK, Gray's-inn-road.—FUNDS are urgen ly REQUIRED. Treasurer and Banker—Edward Masterman, Esq., Nicho las-lane. By order. STANFORD S. SMITE, Secretary. NEW NOVEL BY DR. BREWER. Now ready, at all the Libraries, in 3 vols., BEATRICE SFORZA. By Pit. BREWER. Hurst a•d Blackett, publisners, successors to Henry Colburn, 13, Great Mai lborough-street. In post Bvo , with an Illustration, 10s. 6d., THROUGH ALGERIA. By the Author of "Life in Tuscany." Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street. Third Edition, enlarged, in sloth and gilt, 3s. 6d., i HE HOUSEHOLD MANAGER: a Practical 11 Treatise upon the various Duties in Large and Small Establishments, from the Drawing-room to the Kitchen. By CHARLES PIERCE, Maitre d'Hotsl, upwards of twenty years at the Russian Embassy. Simpkin, NI arshall, and Co., Stationers' Court. L IVES of EMINENT STATESMEN in NUN, every week. One Penny Now Ready, handsomely bound in Magenta cloth, gilt, price 45. 6d.; post tree, 65., the 4,ZECOND half-yearly VOLUME of FUN, with L. numerous Engravings by talented artists, and humor ous Articles by the following distinguished writers : W. Bailey, Esq. W. S. Gilbert, Esq. W. Barber, Esq. T. Hood, Esq. E. L. Blanch ird, Esq. T. S. Jerrold, Esq. s ' G. W. Brid,Fe,nan, Esq. W. J. Prowse, Esq. P. C. Burnand, Esq. Godfrey Turner,. Esq. H. J.. Byron, Esq. ' &c.,,5ze.;10. - - Office, 80, Fleet-street, London. CANTERBURY HALL.—The LANCASHIRE CHAMPION PRIZE HAND-BELL RINGER -- Twelve Performers, 6 Bells— condueted by Mr. EDWARD BF,NSON, will make their 1 , irat Appearance in London on MONDAY, the 19th January, at half-past Nine o'clock, and will perform Classical, Operatic, and Dance Music. . - A portion of the_proceeda during the engagement will be given to the LANCASHIRE DIS MESS FUND. CANTERBURY HALL.- THE THIRD EDITION of the celebrated Panto mimic Entertainment THE ENCHANTED HASH, thirteen characters, including Harlequin, Columbine, Clown, and vantaloon, sustained solely by Mr. B. Marshall, re-written by W. P. Vanderveli, Esq., new characters and new dresses. UNSWORT El, in his renowned Speech upon all the topics of the day; and the following Comic favourites : —Eu9ene, Arthur Lloyd, Frank Hall, and Miss Georgina Smithson. GRAND SELECTIONS from POPULAR OPERAS, as usual, conducted by Mr. Joughmans. HEOXF 0 R D, 6. OXFORD STREET. George Hodson's Irish Entertainment. Unsworth's great Stump Speech, "Or any other man." Eugene's burlesque Songs and Dances. W. Randall's Comicalities. Caroline Parkes' Pantomi, ideal Sketch, " Little Red Riding Hood " EVERY EVENING. In addit' on to Drew Dean's Flute Solos, Operatic Selections, &0., by Min Russell, Miss ownley, and Miss Oesten ,• Messrs. Albert, Greene, Bernardi, &e.,0., & with full Band and Chorus, Conducted by Mr. F. Jonghmans. EVE ST EVENING AT SEVEN. rr URNHAM'S GRAND CONCERT HALL. I EDGWARE-ROAD, W. (Sole Proprietor, Mr. JOHN TIIR HAM). Operatic Selections. —Great success of John Barnett's "Mountain Sylph," with full band and Chorus—Vocal and Instrumental Solos. Comte talent—Hackney, Sam Collins, Mr. and Mrs. Bren nan, Harry Wall, West ("Or any other Man"), and Taylor. Arthur Barnes (Champion Vaulter), Chadwick (Parisian Grotesque), nd Madame Cerito (the Great Transformation Dancer). Admission, 6d. and Is. Musical Director and Manager—Mr. CHAS. GREVILLE. MIR. and MRS. GERMAN REED, with MR. - JOHN PARRY, give their highly-successful Enter tainment, THE FAMIY LEGEND—followed by Mr. Parry's new Domestic Scene, MRS. ROSELEAF'S "LITT I.E EVENING Pa RTY"—EVERY EVENING (except Satur day) at and SATURDAY MORNING at 3.—R GALLERY OF ILLUSTRATION, 14, Regent-street.O YAL ITnrese , ved Seats, is., 211; Stalls, is. ; Hall Chairs, ss. k RGYLT, ROOMS, Windmill - stree t, P iccadilly. CiL Open nightly for Promenade - There is added to the above elegant E4tablishment a Graisd Conversation Saloon, Reading Room, and Smoking Lounge. French, German, and English papers taken in. The musical arrangements under the direction of Mons. Boulcourt. The Band is composed of the best Musicians in the metro polis. Admission ls.—Manager, M. Grenet. THE LONDON ANATOMICAL MUSEUM ; containing the Wonders of Nature and Art, shown by innumerable superbly executed Models, illustrating every part of the Human Frame, together with a variety of highly interesting Natural Preparations, Malformations, and Mon strosities. Open daily, from 11 to 10 (for Gentlemf n only). Admission One Shilling. Entrances 29, George-street, Han over-square, and 41A, Maddox-street, Regent-street, Lon don, W. Explanatory Lecture every Evening at Seven. Illus trated and Desciiptive Catalogues sent, post free, for twelve stamps. Address the Secretary, as above. TEETH. —B y fitted in a few hours MR. ESKELL'S INVENTION (Royal exquisitelyrd 17th July, 1860), Sets or partial imperishable base of Sets of Teeth, enamelled to nature, are made and by means of his paten with wonderful the e colour of t e gum, to which it ad herested sott elastic and observer. The peculiar atter". guaranre these e of Mr. Eskell's invention unsightly fastenings, and defying disp d e e n t s ee in t r on wi b t y h t s o p e rinf o ,: e o s r t teeth can be re-adapted to causes arer); and as they is, the readiness with Which r which affect teeth any change of the mouth (even b e y last a life act independtl of all disturbing time, as well as for mastication and aretrcutf of Ordinary C instruction, they a te KS KELL'S TREATISE, which fully explains Ig l i en. Mr. ee for seven stamps.—lnspectiof post fr ,t 1 specimens nention, and Con sultations free. Terms strictly moderate. -8, Grosvenor- St eet, Bond-street, London ; and 39, Bennett's-hill, Bir- Mingham. A N EFFECTUAL REMEDY.—LAMBERT's ASTHMATIC BALSAM, without confining the bowels or electing the head, truly e ffi cac ious and pleasant, Is admitted to be the best medicine for immediately relieving coughs, colds, confirmed cases of asthma, and incipient con sumption. It frequently cures persona whom the faculty pro ounce incurable, admirably allays the tickling which pro vokes ii;. cent coughing. In approaching consumption its e ffects are tri av beneficial. Persons deprived of sleep , o r even lying down fd 104' ,c 1 suffocation, may depend on relief in a few minutes niter taktng Prepared only and sold by W. LAMBERT, ChetaW, 8, King William-street, Charing cross, London, and by all druggids," in bottles, 130., and three quantities in on 2s. 9a, gam' Be' particular, and ask for Lambert's Asthmatic I=laboim, The 13=03 And ad dress is engraved on the stamp. zc' • , Aa, ' ! I ', ilik al lllllllll- . .., .- 4 e 4: * l 4!'• d .--- 4 ' ''' ::-,„ -,- % .. ,1,.. // ..ig F k , ,, ..... , :e. • (.' .. • V 1 • Ai, -. .„, ' - l/4........... ~.. (_.'• l' lrf .\'' a -- ----• .14 1 Ytv,.., .7. , - , ~,,, . , -,?.-x v , I, , - .„,,,, \ , : ,,, j , 7.. , , ,,,,,,_ ...,?..,,, L.... 4..... le. , 4 ~ _ ~..., - . tit<4' —= 'i --..... ~ NW 1 ; 1 ' :R 01T ..\ ' 14111 : A --•• . ~., 1. 4 , 0 4„, v l / 4 ....), ---"'"" Q,F i prE - N. 4,,,, k f t , , ,/:. ~,, , - OP 3' .--- -4-- ._...--- N , '' , ,-' —,. '‘46` ) .., _ , s'` --- / , - .___:_-•21,---- THE SUN, LONDON; TUESDAY EVENING, JAN VARY 13, 1863. The Proclamation of President Davis. and humanity, a r i,7l - be sent home on the usual parole that they will in no manner aid or serve the United States in any capacity during the continuance of this war, unless duly exchanged. 3. That all negro slaves captured in arms be at once do livered over to the Executive authorities of the respective States to which they belong, to be dealt with according to the laws of said States. ' allotted to them, and not luxuries or comforts which the, honest poor could not command. In Ireland the system of penal servitude had worked well, because when the sentence was commuted the criminal was still kept under surveillance, and was furnished with work in the prison at trades there taught them, and strange as it might appear the men so taught and employed were eagerly sought for in the manu factories here. If the system thus guarded and carried out with such precaution answered so well in Ireland, he saw no reason why, if the same means were adopted, it should not be equally successful in this country. He opposed the suggestion of branding' the criminal on his leaving the gaol as tending to degrade him beyond redemption, and he doubted but little if it had been adopted that instead of 400 out of 1,400 discharged criminals, who they had been told had returned to their criminal habits within a given time, they would have had the whole 1,400 preying upon society. He submitted that the Government works and the Government manufac tures would afford ample means for providing con victs with employment, both while undergoing their sentences and when released on tickets-of-leave, while it would effect a considerable saving of public money. -- -.- BI THE PRESIDENT OF THE CONFEDERATE STATES-A PROCLAMATION. Whereas, a communication was addressed on the 6th day of July last (1862), by General Robert E. Lee, acting under the instructions of the Secretary of War of the Confederate States of America, to General H. W. Halleck, CoMmander- in-Chief the United States Army, informing the latter that a report had reached this Government that Wm. B. Mum ford, a citizen of the Confederate States, had been executed by the t nited States authorities at New Orleans, for having pulled down the United States flag in that city, before its occupation by the United States forces, and calling for a statement of the facts, with a view of retaliation, if such 4. That the like orders be executed in all ctiies with re• spost to all commissioned officer of the United States when found serving in company with said 'slaves in insurrection against the authorities of th - e - cliffereit States of this Confe deracy. In t.lstimony whereof I have signed these presents, and caused the seal of the Confederates States of America to be affixed thereto, at the city of Richmond, on this 23d day of December, in the year of our Lord, 1862. outrage had really been committed under the sanction of the authorities of the United States : And whereas (no answer having been received to said Letter), another letter was, on the 2d of August last (1862), JEFFERSON DAVIS. By the President, J. P. BENJAMIN, Secretary of State. addressed by General Lee, under my instructions, to General Halleck, renewing the inquiries in relation to the execution of the said :‘1 umford, with the information that, in the event of not receiving a reply within 15 days, it would be assumed that the fact was true, and was sanctioned by the Govern ment of the United StKtes : And whereas an answer, dated on the 7th of August last (1862), was addressed to General Lee by General H. W. Halleck, the said General-in-Chief of the armies of the United States, alleging sufficient causes Er failure to make early reply to said letter of the 6th of July, asserting that " no authentic information had been received in relation to the execution of Mumford, but measures will be immedi ately taken to ascertain the facts of the alleged execution," and promising that General Lee should be duly informed thereof: Mr. WALKER MARSHALL considered the circum stances of England were so different to those of Ire land, that a system which might succeed in the lat ter country might altogether fail in the former. The ticket-of-leave system, coupled with the discipline and dietary of the gaols, failed in the three great requirements of all punishment—viz., that they should be certain, punative, and reforma• tory. He suggested that professed criminals, or persons convicted more ,than once, should be kept on poorer diet 'and be subjected . to greater severity in the gaol than the labouring. man who was con victed for the first time, andwho ought, to be kept in a state of health that would enable him to resume his ordinary work on his release. For the State to undertake .the duty of teaching:criminals a trade, and provide them with work, would be NA() more for them than for the honest portions of the com munity. The debate was then adjourned to the next meet ing, and a vote of thanks to the chairman concluded the proceedings. And whereas, on the 25th of November last (1862),another letter was addressed, under my instructions, by Robert Ould, Confederate agent for the exchange of prisoners, under the cartel between the two Governments, to Lieu tenant-Q9loml W. H. Ludlow, agent of the United States under said cartel, informing him that the explanation pto mised in the said letter of General Halleek, of the 7th of August last, had not yet been received, and that, if no answer was sent to the Government within 15 days from the delivery of this last communication, it would be considered that an answer is declined : And whereas, in a letter, dated on the 3d day of the present month of December, the said Lieutenant-Colonel Ludlow apprised the said Robert Ould that the above-recited com munication of the 19th of November had been received and forwarded to the Secretary of War of the United States, and whereas this last delay of 15 days allowed for answer elapsed and no answer has been received : And whereas, in addition to the tacit admission resulting from the above refusal to answer, I have received evidence fully establishing the truth of the fact that the said Wm. B. Mumford, a citizen of the Confederacy, was actually and publicly - executed, in cold blood, by hanging, after the oc cupation of the city of New Orleans, by the forces under Gen. Benjamin F. Butler, when said Mumford was an un resisting and non-combatant captive, and for no offence even alleged to have been committed by him subsequent to the date of the capture of the said city : And whereas, the silence of the Government of the United States, and its maintaining of said Butler in high office under its authority, for many months after his commission of an act that can be viewed in no other light than as a de liberate murder, as well as of numerous other outrages and atrocities hereafter to be mentioned, afford evidence too conclusive that tue said Government sanctions the conduct of the said Butler, and is determined that he shall remain unpunished for these crimes : Now, therefore, I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Con federate States of America, and in their name, do pronounce and declare the said Benjamin F. Butler to be a felon, de serving of capital punishment. Ido older that ho shall no longer be considered or treated simply as a public enemy of the Confederate States of America, but as an outlaw and common enemy of mankind, and that, in the event of his capture, the officer In command of the capturing force do cause him to be immediately executed by hanging. And I do further order that no commissioned officer of the United States, taken captive, shall be released on parole, before excnange, until the said Butler shall have met with due punishment for his cr mes. And whereas, the hostilities waged against this Confede racy by the forces of the United States, under the command of said Benjamin F. Butler, have borne no resemblance to such warfare as is alone permissible by the rules of inter national law or the usage of civilisation, but have been cha racterised by repeated atrocities and outrages, among the large number of which the following may be cited as ex amples : Peaceful avid aged citizens, unresisting captives and non combatants, have been confined at hard labour, with chains attached to their limbs, and are still so held in dungeons awl. fortresses. The Royal Geographical Society. An interesting meeting of this society was held at Burlington-horse last evening. Sir Roderick I. Murchison presided, and there was a numerous at tendance of members and others. Among those pre seat were the Earl of Sheffield, Lords Strangford and De Blaquiere, Admirals Sir E. Belcher, R. Col linson, and Elliott; t ord A. Churchill, M.P.; Mr. M. Milnes, M.P.; Mr. Danby Seymour, M.P.; Sir H. Rawiinson, Sir R. Alcock ; Colonels Baynes. Stewart, Rark, and Shaffner; Major Kane, Captain and Mrs. Burton ; Captains Belford, Glyn, and Sel wyn, R.N.; M. Du Chaffin, Mr. Alderman Finnis, Dr. Rae, Ducket, Day, Goss, and Beke, Professor Tyndal, Sir Digby Neave, Sir Charles Bright; Messrs. Charles White, Osborne Smith, J. Lyons M'Leod, &c. The minutes of the previous meeting having been read by the hon. secretary, Dr. Norton Shaw, and some preliminary business despatched, Mr. J. A. MANN read a paper on Ocean Currents on the North-east Coast of South America. The ob ject of the paper was to present an account of the' voyage, in July and August, 1862, of the Monte Christo from Cayenne, in Guiana, to Paranahiba, in Brazil, in which some extraordinary phenomena corrected with the Guiana current were experienced. The popular idea is that this current always runs in a north-west direction, at a rate varying from one to four knots per hour; but in this voyage of the Monte Christo it was found that the current was entirely reversed, running at a rate of 41 knots per hour—a circumstance which, it proved, would upset the received ideas not only on the subject of this particular, but of the entire ocean streams. Much evidence was adduced, and well authenticated, to prove the phenomena de scribed, and although, as Mr. Mann stated, he was not able to secure as satisfactory observations as he could wish, it seemed that there was no good reason to doubt its existence. Others have been submitted to a like degrading punish ment for selling medicines to the sick soldiers of the Confe deracy. The soldiers of the United States have been invited and encouraged, in general orders, to insult and outrage the wives - , the mothers, and the sisters if our citizens. Helpless women have been torn from their homes and subjected to solitary confinement, —some in fortresses and prisons, and one especially on an island of barren sand, un der a tropical sun; have been fed with loathsome rations that had been condemned as unfit for soldiers ; and have been expOse,d to the vilest insults. Prisoners of, war who surrendered to the naval forces of Captain MAURY, of the American navy, being called upon by the president to make some remarks upon this subject, said that during the last year or two his mind had been occupied with other matters than ocean currents—(hear, hear)—and he very much regretted that he had lately had very little to do with the sea. But he must express his thanks to Mr. Mann for the very interesting and philoso phical paper he had laid before them. That gen tleman had truly said that these currents were ap parently most capricious, for sometimes they not only did not run forwards, but they even turned and ran backwards. When he was at Bermuda, on his way hither from South Carolina, he saw an officer of her Majesty's navy who had been cruising for some years on the North American station, and he was told by him a fact corroborative of what was stated in the paper just read—viz., that on his passage from Halifax to Bermuda he had come across this extraordinary phenomenon ; that the Gulf stream actually ran to the southward and west ward. The temperature of the water was all right, but his reckoning was all wrong. On going back he tried it again, taking care to verify his instru ments, and, singul.,r to relate, it happened again that the Gulf stream not only was not running in its usual course, but was running backwards. He thought the action of the Gulf stream accounted for the mild winter now being experienced in Eng land. It operated like a hot-air furnace in the sea, mitigating the temperature, and to what ever eccentricities it might be liable in its course, it reached the shores of this country in the long run, influencing its climate. The pecu liarities of the Guiana current were almost as re markable as those of the Gulf stream itself. Ships sailing from the month of the Amazon to Rio Ja neiro had to stretch out to the northward, and west ward until they reached 25 or 30 deg. north when about the longitude of 60, and then they got into the trade winds and came south again, thus dodg ing those very currents which Mr. Mann's observa tions showed to be of an exceptional nature. Before proceeding to the next paper, The PRESIDENT said he had received within the last 24 hours an interesting letter from that distin guished African traveller and his excellent friend, • Dr. Livingstone. With the concurrence of the Council of the society he would now read it. It was as follows : the 'United States, on agreement that they should be re leased on pirole, have been seized and kept in close con finement. Repeated *pretpats have been sought or invented for plundering the inhabitants of the captured city, by Ikea levied and collected 'under threats of imprisoning recusants at hard labour with ball and chain. The entire population of Now Orleans have been forced to elect between starva• Von, by the confiscation of all their property, and taking' an oath against conscience to bear allegiance to the invader of their country. Egress from the city has been refused to those whose for titude withstood the test, and even to lone and aged women, and to helpless children ; and after being ejected from their homes, and robbed of their property, they have been left to starve in the streets or subsist on charity. • The slaves have been driven from the plantations in the neighbourhood of New Orleans until their owners would consent to share their crops with the Commanding-Gene ral, his brother, Andrew J. Butler, and other officers, and when such consent had been extorted, the slaves have been restored to the plantations, and there compelled to work under the bayonets of the guards of United States' soldiers. Where that partnership was refused armed expeditions have , been sent to tho plantations to rob them of everything that was susceptible of removal. And even slaves, too aged or infirm for work, have, in spite of their entreaties, been forced from the homes pro vided by their owners, and driven to wander helpless on the highway. By a recent general order, No. 91, the entire property in that part of Louisiana west of the Mississippi River has been sequestrated for confiscation, and officers have been assigned to duty, with orders to gather up and collect the personal property, and turn over to the proper officers, upon their receipts, such of said property as may be required for the use of the United States' army; to collect together all the other personal property, and bring the same to New Orleans, and cause it to be sold at public auction to the highest bidd , rs—an order which, if executed, condemns to punishment, by starvation, at least. a quarter of a million of human beings, of all ages, sexes, and conditions, and of which the execution, although forbidden to military officers by the orders of President Lincoln, is in accordance with the Confiscation Law of our enemies, which he has effected to be enforced through the agency of civil officials. And, finally, the African slaves have not only been in cited to insurrection by every licence and encouragemen t, but numbers of them have actually been armed for ase"le war—a war in its nature far exceedin g th e horrors a nd most merciless atrocities of savages. And whereas the officers under command of the said Butler have been in many instances active and zealous agents in the commission of these crimes, and no instance is known of the refusal of any of them to participate in the outrages above narrated. And whereas, tho President of the United States has by by public and official declarations signified not only his Ap proval of the effort to excite servile war within the Confede racy, but his intention to give aid and encouragement thereto, if these independent States shall continue to refuse, submission to a foreign power after the Ist day of January next, and has thus made known that all appeal to the law of nations, the dictates of reason, and the instincts of hu manity would be add'reesed in vain to our enemies, and that they can be deterred from the commission of these crimes only by the terrors of just retribution. Now, therefore, I, Jefferson Davis, President of the Con federate States of America, and acting by their authority, appealing to the Divine Judge in attestation that their con i. STthaatetea,ldlocoorardimeri con duct is not guided by the passion of revenge, but that they reluctantly yield to the solemn duty of redressing by neces sary severity crimes of which their citizens are the victims, ri do t issue this my proclamation, and by virtue of my autho- Y as Commander-in-Chief of the armies of the Confede ratesidered robbers and crimina ls commissioned officers in the command of the as Soldier . Butler be declared not entitled to be eon said Benjamin p a engaged in honourable warfare, but as each of them d eserving death; and that they, and pace, be , ' w henever captured, reserved for ma inT h t a h t e t the armyp rv o a f t e s soldiersaid B et uonroommissioned offl - as only the by his orders, and not as free agentsof thateiimes perpetrated instruments used for the commi s sion they therefore be treated whoa captured as PriMerA • of vatz. with madam " River Rovuma, Oct. 10, 1862. " My dear Sir Roderick,—We have just returned from a month's exploration of the Rovuma River. We turned at long. 38 deg 35 min. east, and lat. 11 deg. 13 min. south; so, assuming tLe longitude of the anchorage to be 40 deg. 30 min. east, and lat. 10 deg. 28 min. south, we went about 114 miles, as the crow flies, from the coast. Adding our longitude and latitude together, we went 156 miles up the river. It was unusually and excessively low, and entailed fregaent dragging of the boats at the crossings. When the water split up into three channels the work was grievous ; but having chosen e the dry season, wh e n we cannot do much in th e; Zambesi, we put a stout heart to a never stopped except on Sundays , a nd f brown. 44 10 down find ourselves rather tired and 44 The bed of the river is aboutw t e tillrewea-nq 500 feetoBl after eraeY brae, never daysithab high. ) ho f .. land, mile n wide.whic h looks lti s l like ranges nked by o a f . hills, Sometimes the spu rs of the high land come close to the water, but generally there is a mile of level alluvial soil between them and the bank. S o f ew people appeared at first, it looked like a land to let,' but, having walked up to the edge of t h e plateau, considerable cultivation was met with, though to make a garden a great masa of brushwood ~ ~L IN F. Tjr of only two-and-:t-half *files betweetathosevr,Oria nate lines. Having indicated 4,0 w a minAtifit SpeC:i ion of doubtful or dangerous ereas rnie f kitii4 be affected, ho suggested that Captain 1304M a Pii- 4 ,1,14; Hue of soundings should form,; es it wer th 00 4 4; base of operations, and be taken as-the centre of affpsl , Iwo-mile longitudinal b?lt which he 'proposed to ; have surveyed. The entire work might, he thought, be finished in five or six months. Summing up the advantages of his plan, he remarked that it would furnish no less than 640 reliable observations extending across the entire deep water of the Atlantic, and affording a basis upon which its whole sea bed might ultimately be mapped out. In con clusion he said the task was unquestionably arduous. Its execution might prove costly and tedious. But there it was, staring us in the face—a task which we must either manfully grapple with and master, or leave unfulfilled to our successors the accomplish ment of the grandest international project that human sagacity had heretofore suggested. The paper was listened to with marked interest, and re peatedly applauded. At its close PRICE..... -..4d. STAMPED ....sd. n ibf r e u e d ln s , t g b hh u b at t e da c canal lu e nl a piyn red away. The women and children of toa m native objection anb beer. eo o r t . Tqo liquor rr e afraid, wari ethi n h h a in e my a , asked trees on the slopes, plenty of ebony in some places, and thickets of brushwood. The whole scenery had a light gray appearance, dotted over with masses of green trees, which precede the others on putting on new foliage, for this may be called our winter. Olher trees showed their young leaves brownish red, but soon all will be gloriously green. Further up we came to numerous villages, perched on sand banks in the river. They had villages on shore too, and plenty of grain stowed away in the woods. They did not fear for their victuals, but were afraid of being stolen themselves. We passed through them all right, civilly declining an invitation to land at a village where two human heads had been cut off. A lot of these river pilots then followed us till there was only a narrow passage under a high bank, and there let drive their arrows at us. We stopped and expostulated with them for a long time; then got them to one of the boats and ex plained to them how easily we could drive them off with our rifles and revolvers, but we wished to be friends, and gave-about 30 yards of calico in pre sents in proof of friendship. All this time we were within 40 yards of a lot of them, armed with mus kets and bows, on the high bank. On parting, as we thought, on friendly terms, and moving on, we received a volley of musket balls and arrows, four bullet holes being made in my sail, and finding that we, instead of running away, returned the fire, they took to their heels, and left the conviction that these are the Border ruffians who at various points present obstacles to African exploration —men stealers, in fact, who care no more for human life than that respectable party in London who'stuffed the Pio'neer'slife-btoys with old 'straw instead of cork. • It wasesore against the grain to pay ; away ; that eelico e it was submitting. to be robbed for the sake of peace. It cannot be called ' black mail,' for that implies .threrendering of im portant services.by Arabs;' nor custom dues.' It ie robbery Perpetrated by any one who has a traveller or trader in his power, and, when tamely submitted to; increases in amount till' wood, water, grass, and every conceivable . subject of , offence is made an occasion for a fine. On our return we passed quietly through them all, and, probably, the next English boat will be respected. Beyond these Makonde all were friendly and civil, laying down their arms before they came near us. Much trade is carried on by means of canoes, and we had the company of seven of these smalicraft for three days. They bring rice and grain down to purchase salt. When about 60 miles up the table-land mentioned above retires, and we have an immense plain, with detached granite rocks and hills dotted over. Some rocks then appear in the river, and at last, at our urning point, the bed is all rocky masses, four or five feet high, with the water rushing through by numerous channels. The canoes go through with ease, and we might have taken the boats up also, but we were told that further up the channels were much narrower, and there was a high degree of probability that we should get them smashed in coming down. " We were on part of the slave route from the Lake Nyassa to Quiloa (Kilwa), about 30 miles be low the station of Ndonde, where that route. crosses Rovuma, and a little further from the confluence of the Liende, which, arising from the hills on the east of the Lake Nyassa, flows into Rovutita. - It is said to be very large, with reeds and aquatic plants growing in it, but at this time only ankle deep.' It contains no rocks till near its sources on the moue-- tains, and between it and the lake the distance is reported to require between two and three days. At the cataracts where we turned there is no rock en the shore, as on the Zambesi, at . Kebrabasa, and Murclaison's Cataracts. The land is perfectly smooth, and, as far as we could see, the country pre sented the same fat appearance, with only a few detached hills. The Tsetse is met with all along the Rovuma, and the people have no cattle in con sequence. They produce large quanikies of oil yielding seeds, as the susatne, or gerzelin, and have hives placed on the trees every few miles. We never saw ebony of equal size to what we met on this river ; and as to its navigability, as the mark at which water stands for many months is three feet above what it is now, and it is now said to be a cubit lower than usual, I have no doubt that a vessel drawing when loaded about 18 inches would run with ease during many months of the year. Should English trade be established on the Lake Nyassa, Englishmen will make this their outlet rather than pay dues to the Portuguese. The PRE S IDENT said that Dr. Wallich had ac companied sir Leopold :11‘Clintock in his memo rable explorations, and his pen had enriched the scientific literature of the country. That society had seldom had a paper placed before it' more directly connected with the highest objects of physical geography than that which hod just been read. Dr. Wallich had also exhibited and explained to them the working of his ingenious apparatus for not only tappin g the soft strata, but also boring into the rocks at the bottom of the ocean. Whether or not any adventurous body of persons would lay down a telegraphiccable be tween this country and our North American kins folk, as a nautical people it was of the greatest; importance that we should become acquainted with the characteristic features of the great ocean bed between the two hemispheres. (Hear, hear.) It was to prevent illusory schemes from being taken up, or encouraged, that the present paper had been submitted to them. Sir E. BELCHER, as almost the senior surveying officer now in England, felt it his duty to say a few words on this project, It was very well as far as concerned the passage across the Irish Cha nne l ; but in his experien ce of searching for shoals even - within 100 yards of his own ship, for six weeks, and 14 hours a day, he knew the difficulty of finding ti rock which did not cover a much larger space titan their president's chair. (Hear, and E t l augh.) He therefore conceived that the proposed su rvey wou l d not only cost the country an immense sum of money and take 60 years to cornplete, but it could not be carried into effect. They did not want the deepest water for the laying of a transatlantic telegraphic cable. If they carried the line from the Hebrides or the Orkneys to the Faroe Islands, and so on in that direction, they would have a simple method of being sure of what they were doing. He thought a cable might be laid down from spot to spot at a, very trivial expense, and, in that mode they could surely feel their way across the ocean. He had him self used a very accurate instrument, not only for , sounding and obtaieieg the bottom, but also for as certaining the temperature at any exact depth and bringing up the water. That instrument consisted of a cylinder within a cylinder, made of stout bell metal ; and between the years 1836 and 1847 neither it nor the delicate thermometer within it showed the slightest derangement. In conclusion, Sir Edward expressed his conviction that, before sanc tioning any such scheme as that sketched by Dr. Wallich it would be better to take the opinions of scientific men as to whether it would not be right to have four separate stations for the telegraph across the Atlantic, instead of adopting the plan of cross ing by one long line. (Hear, hear.) Admiral ELLIOTT believed that if they carried out the survey proposed by Dr. Wallich, and ob tained the accurate information he desired as to the ocean bed, they would then be no wiser than they now were with regard to the laying down of the electric cable— (hear)—for they could not thread their way across the Atlantic, as Dr. 'Wallich sug gested, in the manner that would avoid the hollows and mountains that might be found at the bottom. Moreover, he did not think the proposed scheme for sounding was at all practicable, and he should pre fer the method recommended by Sir E. Belcher. Again, to keep the laying of the cable in abeyance until such a system of soundings could be taken would be meat inexpedient. Let them lay down the cable at once, and if it lasted only for two years it would repay the outlay and confer a great benefit upon the public. He did not believe the failure of the last cable was attributable to the nature of the ocean bed. It might be accounted for by various other causes. One of these was the weight of the cable itself, and another was that it might not have been sufficiently tested before being put on board ship. He had great faith in the possibility of lay ing a light cable across the Atlantic, so as to enable them to establish the communication between the two hemispheres, within the next 12 months. As the chairman of a company for laying down such a cable, he should regret anything that might destroy the confidence of the public in the feasibility of such an undertaking--(laughter)—and prevent its being carried out. " We return to put our ship on Nyassa, by the Shire, because there we have the friendship of all the people, except that of the slave-hunters. For merly, we found the Shire people far more hostile than are the Makonde of Rovuma, but now they have confidence in us, and we in them. To leave them now would be to open the country for the slave-hunters to pursue their calling therein, and we should be obliged to go through the whole pro cess of gaining a people's confidence again. " It may seem to some persons weak to feel a cord vibrating to the dust of her whc rests on the banks of the Zambesi, and thinking that the path thereby is consecrated by her remains. We go back to Johanna and the Zambesi in a few days. Kind re gards to Lady M., and believe me ever affection ately yours, Professor TYN DALL believed that, as far as the physical objects indicated in the paper went, they were not likely to be of sufficient importance tojus tify a very great outlay. His own reflection had brought him to a conclusion on this matter some what in accordance with that of Sir E. Belcher and Admiral Elliott. The pr o p ose d surve y w as open to this objection, that in the five mile intervals be meen the soundings peaks like that of the Matter horn might possibly exist in the ocean-bed without being discovered. " DAVID LIVINGSTONE." The next business was the reading of a paper by Dr. G. C. WALLiell, on the question of a Survey of the Physical Condition of the Atlantic , preli minary to the laying down of another ele ctric cable connecting Europe with North America. Dr. Wallich began by pointing out that both the amount and kind of information we now possessed regard ing the deep-sea bed of the Atlantic were altogether inadequate to meet the requirements of oceanic tele graphy. Referring in proof of this to the line of soundings taken by Capt. Dayman, in 1857, on board her Majesty's ship Cyclops, he observed that these, though as perfect as circumstances then allowed, furnished data necessarily incomplete; in asmuch as only 41 soundings were taken at depths exceeding 250 fathoms, across an area of 1,300 miles of ocean, leaving a mean interval of 32 miles be tween each two soundings. Having assigned his reasons for disbelieving that the entirecentral basin of the Atlantic is, as many have supposed, a vast plateau unbroken by alterations of level as great as those existing on land, he observed that in the in tervals between the previous measurements of the depth of the ocean-bed some of the largest tt n atter obviously moun tainranges might very well be included —athu:3 safe obviously most important, as bearing laying of a telegraphic cable. True, detectedn in the upon o P 7uch sub marine slopes had hitherto been h : o _ it was assumed mid-Atlantic, but the datahoereww of ‘s fathoms had er e, he maintaintA, that they did not exist t purely arbitrary. A oval', ILA., within about been taken by Lieut. Sal 3,000 fathoms taken b y 32 miles of ono o f Captain Daytnan. Dr. than enumerat e d t h e various kinds of observations that he had thought essential to a trustworthy telegraphic survey, among which was a m ethod ot probing the deposits of the sea-bed, with a view to determine their geological character. He exhibited an ingenious instrument, designed by him to efft et this object, besides other new appara tus for raising specimens of water from any desired depth, and for gauging the pressure at all depths. Passing to the means requisite for carrying out his survey, Dr. Wallich recommended that the Government should equip two steamships for the work ; the great novelty of his plan consisting in the two vessels sailing in p Irallet courses, removed only two miles from each other, and the soundings taken alternately on each line of the longi tudinal belt thus defined. Wuile, therefore, there would be an interval of five miles at the utmost be tween any two soundings on the same line (that was taken by the s a me ship), there would be an interv al After some further discussion, in which Captain Selwyn, H.N., and M r . W e b ster took part, Dr. Wal lich briefly repliPd, def en di ng hi s p l an from the ob jections that nad been urged against it, and adducing further reasons against the adoption of the counter telegraphic route suggested by Sir E. Belcher, The proceedings then terminated at a quarter to 11 o'clock. Importing Tea without colour on the leaf pre vents the Chinese passing off inferior leaves as in the usual kinds. Horniman's Tea is uncoloured, therefore, always good ocae. Sold in packets by 2,280 agents. By late advices from Fortress Monroe we are glad to hear that the famous "sione fleet" with which President Lincoln and his advisers, to the disgust of the civilised world, attempted to close up the aPPr"ches to Charleston, has entirely failed to produce the intended effect, and therefore a large amount of Federal money h as been expended in vain. The channels leading into harbourCharles ftoornmerly;so outare o f aan actually e ,n bettern t, avy Gazette. OPENING , and tun s a e f p e o r t h i v a an athtneoy ci were of e f good has arisen.--drmr and •A ObrealutEilLDlALands übs B RIDGE substantial i a Y I ° i iron bridge — r e of the b e en erected ov er th e river Ouse at Lendal, York, tookBB longpleas on Thlut.rsday la s t, and will supply a want which b which opening w The foundation ston e o f a bridge. PiZeen felt. was laid on Tuesday, O ctober 9, 1860, by Mr. Alderman Evers s the then lord. mayor. Ls the bridge advanced, and its cha racter became more prominently displayed, neither those who had seen the plans nor the general public were at all satisfied with the appearance it was likely to present. Most of our readers are acquainted with the circumstances at tending the destruction of the bridge on Friday, Sept. 27, 1861, very nearly a year after the foundation stone had been laid. One of the girders fell into the river, and the others were prostrated upon the bridge, five persons em ployed thereon being instantly hurled into eternity: The design for the bridge (which is after the style of the Westminster Bridge) presented by Mr Page was ulti mately adopted, and the contract for the iron work front Messrs. Hawks, Crawshay, and Co., of Gateshead, for £3,600, was accepted by the committee a year ago. The t bridge consists of a single arch of the Tudor ste le, has used prepayin th e for present the a span of 176 feet 2 inches, and is 25 fe et in hei g ht from the summer level of the river to t he crown. Sic rib, of immense size are tied together with cross a d girders forh e and braces tied and stayed,ich ther e o e being bearers c g o ir r d ru er ga b t r e i d dg i e ron an p d ie la w te h swh h have b had been n bridge, The spandrills consist of castings of Gothic, tracery, ornamented with large shields of the city on one side, and the arms oft:engsesetoonf stone, York on the other. The f oo tp a ths on the bridge are made of th e H op t on W ar d s t one , ' t i ll e Housesbeautifully oPa white par liament, The extreme width of the bridge is 37ft. 9in. ; the width of the footpaths, aft. 3in. ; and the width of the roadway, 21ft. Sin. The weight of the bridge is at least 360 tons, and it is believed to be of sufficient Strength to carry a railway train. In the evening a grand banquet took place is honour of the occasion. THE TREATMENT OF CRIMINALS. A meeting of the Juridical Society was held last , vening, at their rooms in St. Martin's-place, Mr. C. CLARKE presiding. _ _ The subject of discussion was " Our Present Treatment of Criminals," which was opened by Mr. WORSLEY, who observed that in substituting penal servitude for transportation we had undertaken, as it were, to burn our own smoke; and it had been alleged that in doing so wo had withdrawn from a >ciely its necessary protection. The object of all punishment was first, the safety of society ; secondly, his reformation.. As society was in some degree responsible for the moral condition of every indivi dual ceMposipg .sOciety'Was bound in inflicting puptstknwpt for, cajtne;".to nrovide for this second object. It was complained that the present system. neither protected society nor reformed the prisonei,'apd consequently that. it had altogether failed. It - was- all important that thi3 judicial and the executive officer should be at one, bad the sentence which the former pronounced it was the duty of the other to carry out; but at present the chaplain stepped in between the tWo.to mitigate the punishment the judicial officer awarded. Now, gaol chaplains, from their training, were perhaps the least competent to judge between an assumed and a real reformation of,eriminals, and thus it was that tickets of leave were given to the worst class of con victed prisoners, who were let loose again to prey upon society. The speaker alluded to the Rev. Mr. Devis's vport in confirmation of this view. He (Mr. Worsley) doabted much whether a man brought up by criminal parents and the companion of thieves all his life was capable of reformation unless taught very young. The ticket of leave he regarded as an unconstitutional abatement of the punishment the judge awarded. Quoting a recent case of b urglary committed by a ticket-of-leave man who had been four times convicted and on a fifth conviction sen tenced to three years penal servitude, was let loose on a ticket of leave, and shortly afterwards com mitted the crime of which ho now stands charged, he remarked that it was mere madness to treat har dened criminals in this manner. Under the present system crimes, and especially crimes attended with violence, had largely increased. As bearing out his opinion as to the improper interference of the Exe cutive at the Home-office in mitigating without suf ficient cause the sentences pronounced by the judges he quoted the recent addresses of Sir W. Crofton at Bristol, Sir C. Hamilton at Warwick, and Sir W. Miles in Somersetshire, the latter having offered a very valuable suggestion emanating from the chief constable of Somersetshire, that no convict should Lave a ticket of leave granted him unless he had a bona fide offer of employment, and could produce re sponsible persons who would be answerable for his future good conduct. The system now in operation had been introduced at the instance of Sir J. Jebb, not for . the purpose of reforming criminals and pro tecting society, hut to save expense; but it had failed in this—the expense in cons( quence of these ticket of-leave men being brought up, tried, and con victed again and again having increased rather than diminished. He objected strongly to the practice of allowing persons charged with serious crimes to elect whether they wou'd go to a jury or be dealt with summarily, urging that in most cases the magistrate who was called upon so to deal with the offender could not as a rule know so much of his antecedents as would be in all probability known if the criminal were committed and tried by ajury. Generally the result at which he arrived was that, under the existing system, the law was not carried out—that there was no concord of action between i the judicial and executive authorities—that inside the prison there was no means of creating fear in the minds of the prisoner of returning to the gaol on committing a fresh crime, but a system of com parative luxury and high mental and physical ali ment—that tickets of leave were granted without sufficient proof of the reformation of the criminal, and that they were seldom or never revoked, for, as far as he (Mr. Worsley) knew, there was no instance of such revocation—that there were no means taken to prevent the criminal returning to criminal life—that the evil lay_ not with the law but with the executive, and that the punishment of crime was costly and inefficient. He had three suggestions to offer for the consideration of the meeting and of the Government commission—first, a judicious mixture of penal discipline at home and transportation to the colonies afterwards; secondly, that in all punishments not capital it should be pro vided by act of parliament that the executive should have no rower to alter the term of punishment, but only to regulate the discipline of the gaol, to relax it or to heighten it according to the conduct of the prisoner; and, thirdly, the repeal of the Summary Jurisdiction Act. The CHAIRMAN felt they were much indebted to Mr. Worsley fur his suggestions. It would be for the meeting to consider them. In regard to the ticket-of-leave, he considered it was not only► unconstitutional, but dangerous. The object of the change of the law was to redu,l3 the extreme severity of the criminal law as it formerly stood in respect to punishment, but the earlier advocates of milder punishment were still more strongly the advocates of certainty of punishment, which under the ticket-of-leave systeM was impossible. He agreed with Mr. Worsley as co the impropriety of acting upon the reports of gaol chaplains, who were often deceived by the prison conduct of prisoners, and with regard to a suggestion made by that gen tleman, that every convict let loose upon society should be branded with the view of identification, he (the chairman) concurred that if such a practice were adopted it would be advantageous. He agreed that the power of withdrawing the ticket-of-leave by the interference of the Secretary of State, was eo sufficient protection, and he would suggest that if tickets of-leave should still be granted, it should be in the power of any magistrate or judge before whom the party holding it was brought, charged with another offence, to revoke it at once. Mr. J. WILLIAMS remarked that the public had at length come round to an opinion he expressed some years ago in that room, that the present system neither reformed nor inspired fear in the criminal. He recommended that critninalashould be sentenced not to so much time in prison, but to so much labour, and if that labour was not performed that he should be reduced to a diet of bread and water, and remain a prisoner until it was performed. He also suggeste that the prisoners should he assoc i ate d i n gangs, the members of which should be all responsible for the conduct of the general body,-and for the perfoitnance of the allotted labour tasks. When the labour was completed, then the convict should have the right to go free. Mr. HUME WILLIAMS took a different view to that of the previous speakers who practically by their propositions upheld the existing system of uncertain and varying punishments. It was unfor tunate that in the Beale of dietary and general treat ment the prisons contrasted so attractively with the workhouses. Prisoners ought to have only such coal(' food as, would enable them to do the work - 16. 10. 16. 28.. 13. •••.,,..,... esex, of a ham, Port )YlY, w-at r the 31dest dead. ary's nnis nf S. ritish 3 ford- 1, DC- tnden ,f tlio Esq., lerbYt [enlY, arris• -