The Sun. — London, England, 1863-11-11 00:00:00

THE POLISH INSURRECTION. (From, the Special Correspondent of the limes.) WARSAW, Nov. 4. The Russians have lately gained various advan tages, more or less importan!, over the National Government. For several months after the begin ning of the insurrection the National Government was obeyed on some points, the Russian Government on others ; but the two did not come into collision so much as was generally supposed. The National taxes were, to be sure, paid up with great regularity, while the Russian taxes were not paid at all; and thus the Russian Government was set doubly at de fiance, for its subjects in the Kingdom of Poland not only left undone what it ordered them to do, but also did precisely what it ordered them not to do. How ever, the Russian Government managed to get its taxes in when it at last proceeded to distrain for them, and the mere threat of execution suffices now to screw money out of the Warsaw householders. I believe the first direct trial of strength between the two rival powers in Poland topic place some three months ago; when the National Government com manded all persons employed on the Warsaw Rail way to quit their occupations, they were afraid to obey the order, and remained. A second challenge was offered to the Russian Government at the be ginning of September, when all writers, compositors, and printers engaged on the Official journal were called upon to abandon their posts, on or before the Ist of October, so as to render the existence of the paper after that date impossible. The Officio/Journa l still appears, though it has lost nearly all its sub scribers, and leads a miserable life n Government bureaux, and in such places of public resort as are chiefly frequented by Russian officers. The Russians, finding that the National Govern ment was, after all, not omnipotent in Poland, and having already received proof that taxes would bc paid every w h er e if they were only sufficiently pressed for, determined now in its turn to attack the National Government, and in the very centre of the secret or ganisation called for the immedi a t e paymen t of an 8 per cent. tax, levied with t h e openly avowed object of providing fresh f un d s f or t h e su ppression of the insurrection. The National G ov ernment, as had been expected, forbade payment of the tax under the severest penalties. It publishes the names of the first house prop r i e t ors who, never theless, did pay, and summoned them before one of the revolutionary tribunals to answer for their offence. In spite of these precautions and warnings, however, the war contribution has been paid by the great majority of the 3,000 house proprietors of - Warsaw, the only class from which it was required ; and it seems to be the general opinion that if a few days' grace be given there will be no defaulters except those who are absolutely unable to pay. The chief arguments among the Poles for paying and for not payin g thi s tax were, on t h e one h an d , that if it were not forthcoming at the appointed time, the Russian Government would, according to its proclaimed intention, levy, not for 8 but 12 per cent., by which the taxpayers and, indirectly, the National Government also, would lose, and the Rus sian Government alone gain. On the other hand, it was maintained that the citizens of Warsaw should not, while their fellow countrymen were exposing their lives in the field, supply the Russian Govern ment with means for suppressing the insurrection, The anomaly pointed out by those who maintained the latter argument was just what the Russians wished to render as evident as possible. In Lithuania it forces proprietors to sign ad dresses disavowing the insurrection; in the King dom of Poland it compels one portion of the popu lation to pay a special tax for making war upon another portion. There is not less unanimity than there was before among the educated and all but the utterly uneducated classes of Poland; but the Rus sians are now determined to resort to all possible measures for bringing the present state of things to an end. They cannot, in spite of innumerable arrests, discover the directing members of the National Go vernment, but, by inventing new, curious, and, from their point of view, appropriate measures, they can prove that it is powerless when brought into direct and open collision with the Russian Go vernment ; and they can so drain the country of money and resources that for the National Govern ment there will soon be nothing left. Of the officers and agents of the National Govern ment several have fallen into the hands of the Rus sians and have been hanged. Others are now under arrest, and their fate probably depends less upon what can be proved against them than upon the ne cessity that may be thought to exist for making fresh reprisals for acts of violence and bloodshed committed in the streets of Warsaw. It was gene rally reported the other day that a young lady who had been proved to have taken a most active part in circulating newspapers, addresses, and official correspondence for the National Government, was about to be beheaded, but it is said now that the sentence has been commuted into exile to Siberia, and it may be hoped that the atrocious intention generally attributed to the Government in respect to this unhappy young girl was never seriously en tertained. In the meanwhile, however, young ladies are continually being arrested. Fifty, for the most Part girls of from 17 to 19 years of age—some of t horn even younger—were taken one night last Week, and are now shut up in prison. Old and Yoan , RI men and women, are a ll t rea t e d a like In the matter t of arrest, and are invariably seized in th e middle of the night. These nocturnal visit s may cause some unnecessary alarm, other hand, the the Russians who feel it ; and, on the a nurab:earndal that would be caused by taking dayti me young girls through the streets in te e is avoided. v ` r l oca 'i l Y o time in the custody of soldiers j o g are the Russian atni g ht till 4 the next officialmorn da hours for deeds that will not bear the light of Though 9 is the regu lation time for getting ij o . ni few stragglers fa voured with " permits" f or i t a out later may bo seen here and there until 10, These " permits" do not save you from being arrest down unable to the nearest post by a p a t io l of ? l and marched to read, nor from being knocked knowha sentinel, not keep sufficiently au larg e in passing7tl if you do after tata.you do who, however, is not obliged to not mean to assassinate him. But fair allowances the fact remains that t, permits;; all Who t h t ls ' are not safeguards, and accordingly no one besides the " permit" the far more substantial ee pro tection of a private carri a g e stays out after n, Or 10 at the very latest. Then the arrests begin of which one bears the next day from the friends and rela tions of those taken. Then, too, begins the march ing off into exile, of which, perhaps, one does not hear at all, though it may b 3 reported a few days afterwards that such and such persons are already on their way Siberia. Towards 9 o'clock at night a ring at the bell will produce in a private house at Warsaw a most alarm ing effect. It is too late for a visitor, and only a little early for the police. No one is safe, and it is easy to see that every one feels the dan ger, though without shrinking from it. Thou sands of men and women—some of them almost children.—are not only in continual danger of being arrested, for lately some of the most unlikely per bee in all Poland to take part in a conspiracy have been seized, mane.; , but arc daily exposing their lives by the " °44 their duties they undertake in the service of country, One would think it sufficient for the Russians This Would : i to confine their pursuit to the men. for many a long them more occupation than enough cannot pretend t g ha m t o . nth to come, and they surely of me n , the if they once defeated the con spiracykeep up the insurre c r io omen of Poland alone could their blows felt it is all the But as long as they make whom they strike. Th ey are to them where and ing themselves ;. all they feraerr!ot afraid of disgrac the insurrection throughout the W tl . le continuance of an obvious truth when they state winter. Th© utter Government would endeavour to put t at d every other surrection in its provinces ; but they deceive all in' selves grossly if they really believe fora iv m e them that any civilised Government would resort to such means as Russia is now employing against Poles of both sexes and of every class, condition, and ag e , The Russians arrest their victims in the dead of night, on the denunciation of spies ; question and convict them before secret tribunals; and do not even ;publish the sentences, unless the sentence be death, and the execution is to take place in Warsaw or Wilna. Alt accusations in regard to torture are, of course, met by them with a flat denial d a re quest for proof, when it is evident that no proof can be given, for to mention the name of a trustworthy informant on such:a subject would b to point out him or her for immediate arrest. As Prisoners are not allowed to talk freely with their friends, and are often not permitted to see them at all—never except in presence of an official—it does really appear difficult to know positively whether or not they are beaten (as the Poles believe to be often the case) with the view of extorting con fession. Under the Emperor Nicholas there was no mystery on the subject, nor is there nowin is Lithu ania, under the infamous Mouravieff. It cer tain also—there are proofs of the fact—that two gentlemen, named Rawics and kn Oborski,igdoro of Poland who were ud lately arrested at Siedlee , in the (in which district important discoveries are said to have been made as to the organisation of the local National Government) were violently beaten. AI. Oborski has since become insane, and if in his pre sent state he should speak of the torture inflicted upon him the Russians will be able to say that be is raving. It is seldom that a man likely to have been beaten comes out of prison at all, unless to go to Siberia. But some have contrived to communi cate with their friends ; others have at last been liberated or have escaped ; as to others, again, the condition of their backs has been known from the state of their linen when sent out to be washed. Torture bybeen beating has too on Russia to be suddenly discontinuedbgytshuebcoursdtionmatiens even if their superiors so ordered it. In the country, too, throughout Poland, persons are habitually beaten who refuse, or are unable, to give information as to the position of insurgent bands, which it is taken for granted they must have seen. A German doaler in furs, who lately arrived in Warsaw by the high road from Moscow, corn. plains publicly of having been treated in this fashion by Cossacks. An officer to whom he appealed for redress, offered, it is true, to punish the Cossacks who had committed the offence if they could be pointed out, but without taking any steps to disco ver them himself. As to the flogging of women, it is known that the Grand Duke Constantine, on his arrival in Poland, positively forbad it, and it is to be hoped that the veto will be maintained by General Berg, hitherto only the Grand Duke's substitute, but who, it is said, will soon be formally appointed his successor in the office of Namiestnik. Nevertheless, three young ladies were arrested here the other day (the daughters of a rich brewer named Klave), and the youngest of them, a girl of twelve, whipped, in order to make her tell the names of the visitors at her father's house, the ordinary subjects of their conversation, and so on. Who is immediately re sponsible for this barbarous act I cannot say ; but the poor child was whipped. Besides the prelate Bialobrzoski and the canons Stecki and Wysychi, I should have mentioned in one of my last letters that another eminent person age, Hiszpanski, the celebrated Siberian bootmaker, had been arrested. The Rabbin Meisels is not, as has been reported, in prison, but has taken a hurried de parture for foreign parts. The prelate Bialobrzoski, it may be remembered, after being sentenced to death for having closed the Warsaw churches, had his punishment commuted to exile, whence, together with all the persons above-named, he was recalled by the Grand Duke. A returned political exile is probably looked upon by the Russian Government vary ranch as a ticket-of-leave man is regarded by us. At all events, some dozen Siberian Poles have been seized during the last week or two, perhaps simply from a not unreasonable idea that having once been in Siberia they cannot feel well disposed towards Russia. Among those known to have been exiled to Siberia during the past week is M. Kru pecki, of the Zamoyski house. Count Stanislaus Zamoyski is still in prison, and the Russian journals continue to attack him, though he has not yet been tried, as if it were really known that he had com mitted some offence. M. Wenglinski, formerly a member of the Coun. cil of State, one of the most influential men among the moderate party, and one of the greatest oppo nents of the insurrection, when the insurrection was first meditated, was arrested a few nights ago—no one can possiblyimagine why. An unintelligible domiciliary visit has also been paid to M. Mianowski, the rector of the University. M. Mianowski was formerly physician to the Duke de Leuchtenberg ; he spent a great portion of his life at St. Peters burg, and is thought by his own countrymen to be a very unlikely man to be mixed up in any sort of insurrectionary movement. _ Of Mieroslawski, " the great militarist who has all the theory of war in the knot of his sword," we have no news; bat we know already the best and the worst that the Mieroslawaki men can do in Poland. They are now, and have been for some weeks past, on their trial, and we do not find much change in the manner of conducting the general affairs of the Polish insurrection, neither more energy in the war department, nor much more un scrupulousness in the department of public crimes. The attack on General Berg, and the burning of the Town-hall, may be Mieroslavian acts, but the entry of the well-armed, and tolerably well'•orga nised, detachments of Czschowski and Waligorski from Galicia had been arranged long before Miero slawski had anything to do with the National Government. I remember the recruiting for these detachments some months since, and just outside a certain town in Galicia saw the recruiting agents with their portable desks and perambulating secre taries, first in one field and then in another, dogged from day to day by the police, but doing their work very regularly and constantly adding to the num ber inscribed on their rolls. I suppose the Russians will at least admit that the men engaged in this manner were not driven into the insurrection by force. To pretend that terrorism on the part of the National Government keeps up the insurrection in the kingdom is absurd enough ! to maintain that any system of terrorism can compel men to join the insurgent bands entering in the face of all sorts of obstacles from Galicia is worse than ridiculous. It is also an error to assert that the bands which recently passed from Galicia into the Kingdom were composed, to any considerable extent, of foreigners, or that this latest expedition was, more than any previous one, the work of that bugbear of bad Governments known as "the cosmopolite revo lution." The Russian authorities know nothing, as 1 pet, about that part of the matter. I know that , b , . tween the villages about Tarnow and the Carpa- ' ' 4l all mountains I saw upwards of 100 insurgents destined for the expedition in question, and among them Could , most only find eight or ten foreigners, for the Polish P t a tiu t a tG t. ari b ald ian s , who complained that the insur rection was not nearly so great an affair as they h ad of August) were tired and who already (at the end enemy's enuntrytired of waiting to be let into the who joined the . The h a lf h un d re d H ung arians _ p olish insurrection had, for the most part, had eno ug h of it after Lel e well's last cam for w illin g paign, and those ilon ce rtainly not revolationg i a ßt riau s who did join were s but simply brave, en thusiastic men, who were to testify by ac tions that sympathy the Poles which the sub jects of every constitutional Government h a ve manifested for them in words. in Europe Some few are said to have be en Hun g ari ans of . good position in their own country ; others I know to have belonoed to the best class of students at Hungarian Colleges and gymnasiums. I ma y add that al l the p French men I have seen in the Polish detachm ents (there were very few in these last) were ardent republi cans, though it is known that a few Frenchmen of royalist and ultramontane principles have also, f or a time, been fighting on the side of the Poles. The conduct of the Russian Government towards Poland is detested in all civilised countries, and if this de testation constitutes cosmopolite revolutionism, then the "cosmopolite revolution'' no doubt exists in Europe, and is a strong force, before which, sooner or later, and in some form or other, Russia will have to bend. It is probably now understood that the entries from Galicia have no importance except as demon strating that the armed insurrection still exists, and that it may continue to exist for some consider able time longer—in fact, until the Russians can contriv et to render such entries impossible. As to e fate of the last expedition, I believe it is true that by far the greater part of the detachment com manded by NV aligorski—thongh not all, as the Russians allege—was driven back into Galicia after the first encounter. Out of Czachowski's band, Czachowski himself, with some 300 cavalry, still remains in the mountains of St. Cross—the natural fortress where this chief maintained his position for so many months after the defeat of Langiewicz, and the breakup of his army, in which Czachowski held a command. The old habitue of the St. Cross mountains (it is fortunate for the Russians that there are not two such strongholds in all the king dom) appears to have beaten the Russians in the first of his two recent engagements. In the second, according to the Russian official accounts, he had as many as seventeen companies of infantry opposed to him, besides cavalry of the line and Cossacks ; and the Russians admit having lost eighty men, which is about forty times the loss usually ac knowledged by them. It is a remarkable sign that the insurrection has broken oat again in several places in the kingdom, where it was believed to have been put an end to altogether. A band of insurgents, composed in a great measure of workmen from Warsaw, made its appearance two days ago at Piaseczno, some twelve or fifteen miles from the capital, and had a skirmish with the Russians. It may be remembered that it was near Piaseczno that Baron Dangiel was killed about a month ago, as he was engaged in the appa rently harmless occupation of planting potatoes. The Journal de St. Petersbourg has since explained that though Baron Dangiel was really planting potatoes when the Russians entered his garden, and though he was really killed, yet he was not, as I stated, " cat to pieces" with sabres, but pierced by some sort of gun shot. The alleged error on my part in narrating the incident—which I pointed to simply in illustration of the remarkable uncer tainly of human existence in and near Warsaw — is made the pretext for some grave reflections on the inaccuracy of correspondents writing from Poland, and on the shameful charge of " cold cruelty " brought by them against the Russians; though in this instance there was no question of " cold cruelty" at all, but of sudden and shameful attack upon an unarmed man who was unfortunate enough to find himself in the vicinity of armed combatants. Anxious to imitate, and if possible surpass, the exactitude of the Journal de St. Peters bourg, I have once more obtained full and authentic particulars respecting this first affair at or near Piaseczno, and I find not only that the Baron was " cut to pieces" (which does not, as the Journal de St. Petersbourg chooses to imagine, mean that he was severed into - little bits), but also that on the same evening, on the high road to Radam and near Piasecnzo, a Crown :lawyer named Klosowski was killed by Cossacks as he was travelling towards his estate, unarmed, in ordinary dress, and in a hired drosclska. The Journal de St. Petersbourg may try to show that M, Klosowski was killed not by Cos sacks, but by infantry. In any case his friends know that he is dead,and that he was murdered by Russian soldiers under the circumstances above-mentioned. As to charges of cruelty, what have the Russians to say to the following evidence on the subject, which I find, not in any Polish organ, not in any private letter from a Pole, but in an advertisement published in a recent number of the Warsaw Of Journal? By this advertisement, numbered 4,721, dated September 23, 1863, Spniec, near Kalisz, the Court of Correctional Police of the Kalisz depart ment requires information as to three men killed by the troops on the 12th of July, near the village of Led, in the district of Pyzery. Here follows a de scription of the three bodies, which were found stripped One had received three cuts in the head and a fourth in the neck, 11 wounds on the chest, at the back, and under both arms, and bore several blue marks resulting from blows. Another had had the left side of his face cut by eight wounds in different directions, and had nine other wounds on his back, his right side, and on both shoulders ; total, 17 wounds , of which he died the next day. The third had received three wounds in the head, and 14 bayonet wounds in the chest and arms ! THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 11, 1863. The Central Executive Relief Committee. The weekly meeting of the Central Executive Committee was held on Monday in the Town Hall, Manchester ; Sir J. P. Kay •Shuttleworth, Bart., in the chair. There were also present Lord Egerton, Col. Wilson Patten, M.P., Major Egerton Leigh, Messrs. H. B. Farnall, W. Rath bone, jun., M, Ross, S. J, Stern, R. M'Clure, W. Roberts, R. Gladstone, A. H. Heywood, and J. W. Maclure hono rary secretary. Mr. Rawlinson was also in attendance. The HONORARY SECRETARY reported that £668 183 ld had been received during the past week, and that the ba lance in the bank was £260,875 17s Bd. Four packages of clothing had been received, and one crate of hats, one bag of sugar, and six barrels of flour had been sent off. The CHAIRMAN announced that ho had that morning received from the Lambeth Relief Committee a cheque for £145 5s 81d, the balance of their fund. Mr. FARNALL presented the following report :—" I beg to inform you that on the 31st ult. there was a decrease in the number of persons receiving parochial relief in 27 unions in the cotton manufacturing districts, as compared with the number so relieved in the previous week, of 1,552. This decrease of 1,552 is explained as follows : There is a decrease at Ashton-under-Lyne of 879, at Barton upon-Irwell of 7, at Bolton of 14, at Bury of 37, at Chorley of 30, at Clitheroe of 4, at Glossop of 18, at Haslingden of 108, at Leigh of 38, at Macclesfield of 10, at Manchester of 106, at Oldham of 712, at Preston of 60, at Rochdale of 101, at Saddleworth of 39, at Warrington of 30, and at Wigan of 89—making a total decrease of 2,282, But there is an increase at Blackburn of 43, at Burnley of 162, at Chorlton of 168, at the Fy.de of 80, at Garstang of 5, at Lancaster of 12, at Prestwich of 86, at Salford of 59, and at Stockport of 115—making a total increase of 730. So that there is a net decrease of 1,552, and, since the 6th of December last, a total decrease of 144,026 has taken place. There wero, on the 31st ult., 127,9 57 per sons receiving parochial relief in the 27 unions adverted to ; in the corresponding week of 1861, 43,426 persons Were so relieved. There is, therefore, an increase of 79,531 persons in the receipt of parochial relief, or 161 . 3 per cent. In the corresponding week of 1862, 224,712 per sons received parochial re:ief. But, independently of the 12 7,957 receiving parochial relief, there are, according to Mr. Maclure's report, 50,352 persons who are maintained by local committees of charity only, making a total of 178,309 persons, or 9.0 per cent, on the population, who are supported ether out of the poor rates or through the medium of charity. The total weekly cost of outdoor relief on the 31st ult. was £7,934 4s 92 ; in the corresponding week of 1861 it was £2,398 Cs. There is, therefore, an increase of £5,535 18s 92 or 231.3 per cent. In the corresponding week of 1562 it was £14,411 5s 4d. The average per tentage of pauperism on the population of these unions, on the 31st ult., was 6 . 4; in the correspond ing week of 1861 it was 24, and in the corresponding week of 1862 it was 11.3. The amount of money in the hands of the treasurers of the above unions, on the 31st ult., was £73,372 Ils 11d." In compliance with the wish of the Committee, Mr. Riw- LINSON made the following statement respecting the opera tion of the Public 'Works Act. Ho said 40 places in the cotton manufacturing districts had adopted the Local Government Act, 1858, or some of its clauses, since Christmas, as also the Public Works Act, 1863. Many other places were taking the necessary means to adopt these acts; so that with few exceptions, the whole of the distressed district would come voluntarily under their ope ration. He had, by himself or by his assistant, Mr. R. A. Arnold, inspected and reported on works in some 42 towns and districts, the total amount reported on being £616,245. The work of examination and reporting was in progress. Notices had reached him as to intended applications for sanctions reaching to about £BOO,OOO additional, or in the whole to £1,416,245; and there were applications from other small districts to come in. The whole of the dtstressed towns would be improved under the powers of the act of 1863. Public parks would be established—miles of streets would be cowered and paved—and other forms of sanitary works executed. No work was made specially for the °cut• sion, but the whole was work actually necessary, and in all cases was devised and set out by the local authorities, and conducted entirely under local inspection and management, The value of the works to the several districts would, in his opinion, be far more than the money cost. Property was increased in commercial value by proper sanitary works, 8 executed : employ e d a efficient Ccioetnt cotton opsewers,operatives i v. e good s? roads, and paved streets. :The raeis,iiierm. it po .w ye L d i in all cases worked well and willingly. ajor Ltran inquired whether these works were being en contract and if so, whether the contractors practicable in all cases and others of the employment of prop und li e s r o l : e r l eplied that some were upon contract, proportion of the work as compared with skill: in every place his recommendatiorrt P a e , ri i n ab te o n:ents. It was quite im enootttsometoroeutthlV:roknsew:hiicrhd o w f o u ll n ld sk a i l l l l o e w d n operatives solely. In a large could i be employed—but o the local authorities in hft had:been to g ive p reference to t he class of instance which would give occupati on to worksthe largest te pos siblelrs number of unskilled labourers ; and he believed that a ready assent had everywhere been given to the suggestion, Lord Eciznim asked if in giving out coutractts any au pulation was made that the contractors should use the utmost amount of unskilled labour that the works would admit of ? Mr. RA.WLINSON said such a stipulation was made. On the motion of Colonel PATTEN, seconded by Mr. FARNALL, it was resolved :—" That the various local com mittees be informed that the Central Executive Relief Com mittee is prepared to take into consideration applications for clothing for cotton operatives employed in public works, carried on under the provisions of the Public Works Act of the last session of Parliament. That the local commit tees in every such application specify the number of un skilled cotton operatives so employed on outdoor work for whom suitable working clothes are required." The Conference of Miners at Leeds. On Monday a conference of the coal miners of the United Kingdom was opened at the People's Hall, Leeds, for the purpose of considering several important questions connected with the social and general improvement of the class through out the country. There were 53 delegates present at the preliminary meeting held on Monday. The chair was occu pied by Mr. William Pickard, of Ince, Wigan; and Mr. 3 Pickles acted as secretary pro tern. Mr. Towers, the secre tary of the Miners' National Association, first addressed the meeting. The object of the conference, he said, was to consider the present condition of the miner, and in what respect that condition could be improved. In his opinion, the first subject for them to consider was the preservation of the lives of the miners. In the second place, it would be necessary for the conference to discuss the question of wages, the truck and tommy systems, and the principle of payment by weight. Education was also a question of great importance for them to consider as well as the condition of the miners' dwellings. He did not go particularly either for an eight or a ten hours' bill, but what he wished to se cure for the miner was a fair day's wage for a fair day's work—and that no boy should be permitted to go into the mine until he was twelve years of age, and not then until he brought with him a certificate from ,the certificated master, and also a certificate from a member of showing that he was physically competent of the mine. H e a l so sug gested the that foro f e a theehSurgeons, workboy up to the age of fourteen should be compelled to go for three hours in three days in each week to the school.—Mr. A. M'Donald, of Scotland, then moved that three sections of the Conference be estab lished—the first to consider the grievances of miners ; the second for discussing the questions of law effecting the working miner ; and the third section be devoted to the con sideration of the social economics of the question. The pro position was adopted. It was further agreed that Mr. Towers be the general Secretary of the Conference ; that Mr. A. M'Donald be the general chairman of the Assembly; and that a letter be sent to Mr. Chas. Motron, inspector of collieries for the district, advising him that on Wednesday afternoon his conduct as an inspector would be considered, so that he might have an opportunity of attending on the occasion.— A mass meeting of miners was subsequently held in the large hall connected with the Co-operative Stores, in Mar shall-street, Holbeck. The chair was occupied by Mr. Thos. Stephenson, of Rothwell. Mr. J. Holmes, of Methley, was the first speaker.--The Chairman next spoke on the sub ject of inspection, which, he contended, was at present so utterly inefficient as to be practically worthless. In Belgium there were scarcely ever any accidents in mines, but this was because the pits were in the hands of the Government, which took particular care to ensure a really valuable system of regular inspection.—Mr. William Brown, of Hunslct, in the course of a long speech, advocated shorter hours of labour, a better system of ventilation in mines, and the hearty and unanimous support of the Miners' Association by the body which it was established to benefit. He also contended for a higher scale of morality amongst the miners, telling them that if they would only be sober and industrious men, they would not only command a greater share of respect from their employers, but by their savings they would then be prepared for a rainy day, or for obtain ing better terms from their masters than they could at pre sent command. HEALTH OP THE METROPOLIS. (From the Registrar-General's Weekly Return.) The deaths in London increase as the colder season draws on, but hitherto the rate of increase has been slight. They were 1,270 in the week that ended on Saturday, The aye rap number of deaths in ten corresponding weeks (viz., the 4bth in each of the years 1853-62) is, with a correction for increase of population, 1,270. Hence it appears the actual mortality in the week was exactly the same as the result which is obtained by calculation. There were 23 deaths from smallpox, Four of these oc curred in the sub •district of 'Whitecross-street, while there were only 2 in the whole of that region of the metropolis which lies on the south side of the Thames. Scarlatina was recorded in 125 cases ; 17 of these occurred in Marylebone, 11 in Pancras, 5 in Limehouse, 6 in Bow. Four children of a house painter died at 26, Bolsover-street, 1 1. 1arylebone, on the 4th, sth, and 7th inst. of scarlatina. Four deaths from the same disease occurred at 13, North ampton-row, Clerkenwell, within nine days. Typhus exhibits an increased mortality. In the last three weeks the deaths from it on an average were (31 ; in the pre vious weeks they were 52. Last week the births of 1,011 boys and 952 girls, in all 1,963 children, were registered in London. In the 10 cor responding weeks of the years 1853.62 the average number (corrected) was 1,879. METROPOLITAN WATERS IN OCTOBER, IS'3. These waters, according to the analysis of Dr. Robert Dundas Thomson, F.R.S., contain generally more im purity than in the preceding month. The mean total im purity of the Thamas waters was 16 . 77 degrees or grains in S .ptenTher, and their organic impurity was 1.51 degrees or grains, while in October the corresponding numbers were 17 . 10 and 2 - 27. The greater purity of the West Middlesex water cannot fail to be noticed. This company has adopted the recommendation in these reports, to provide greater storage space. The Kent water contained no unoxidised organic matter, and appeared to be water from the chalk uncontaminated by river water. The well water at Dulwich is from the same well analysed in June. It is understood to have been examined, and found communicating with a sewer; but it is still copiously mixed with sewage products. Total impurity Organichn per gallon. purity. gre. or deg,. grs. or deg. Distilled Water Loch Katrine water, new supply to Glasgow Manchester water supply Well at Wellington-place, Dul wich COMPANIES. Chelsea Southwark 'West ➢liddlesex 1421 I'6B Lambeth Grand Junction — 17 48 2'24 OTHER COMPANIES. Kent New River East London The table is read thus—Loch Katrine water contains in the gallon 215 degrees or grains of foreign matter in solution, of which •605 degrees or grains are of vegetable or animal At the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, the mean height of the barometer in the week was 29 . 731 in. On Monday the mean was below 29m. ; on the last three days it was above 30in. The reading fell to 28.74 in. on Monday morn ing, and it rose to 30 . 36 in. on Friday. Tho mean tempera ture of the air in the week was 47.3 deg., which is 1.5 deg; above the average of the same week in 43 years (as determined by Mr. Glaisher). The fluctuations in the temperature were great. Oa the first three days the mean was below the average; on the next two, 9 deg. and 10 deg. above it, and on Friday again fell 5 deg. below it. The highest day temperature was 60 . 8 deg on Wednesday. The lowest night temperature was 34'3 deg. on Friday. The range in the week was therefore 26 . 5 deg. The mean daily range was 10.9 deg. On Thursday the range was 4 6 deg. The difference between the mean dew point temperature and air temperature was 3 . 9 deg. The mean degree of humidity of the air was 87, compl e t e saturation being represented by 10 0 , which point w as actually attained on Saturday. The wind blew from the south-west. On Friday it was in the north-east. There was rain on every day ; but 0.59 in. out of a total fall of 0 86in. in the week was measured on Monday. T e mean of the highest temperatures of the water of the Thames was 52'7 deg. ; that of the lowest was 50.5 deg. CAPTAIN SPEKE,—On Friday the inhabitants of Taunton welcomed Captain Speke on his return to Somersetshire. On his arrival at the station he was heartily cheered by thousands of persons who had assembled. A procession was formed, composed of the inhabitants of the town and neighbourhood, and rifle corps, which pro ceeded to the Somersetshire Hall, where an address was presented by the civic authorities on behalf of the inhabi tants. The address referred to the importance of the traveller's discovery, and expressed a hope that it might please the Queen to confer on him some signal mark of her approbation, and that Parliament might recognise his ser vices by a suitable acknowledgment. In reply, Captain Speke said he had had the gratification of discovering the source of the Nile. He christened the lake he dis covered the Victoria Nyanza, after her Majesty, because ho considered that his first duty. He next christened a mountain Somerset, after his native county; and a river Jordan, after his own family. He christened an archipe lago Bangal, because he was a Bengal officer ; and the falls at the source of the Nile Ripon, in honour of the nobleman who presided over the Royal Geographical Society when ho set out upon his expedition. He had:disco vered, what was of more importance than the source of the Nile, the fertile zone of Africa—vast regions full of water, and in conse quence very fertile. Ha intended to return to Africa, and if he did he would use his best exertions to stop the slave trade. [ADVERTISEMENT.I—HoIIoway's Pills. — Fever , In fluenza, Bronchitis.—ln our cold and change abl e climate, Holloway's pills have proved themselves to be the best pre ventive of ill-health, They expel all impurities, steady the circulation, regulate the respiration, and check the first erroneous or depraved action. They are more strictly pre ventives than any other - known medicine. They success fully strike at,the root of all bodily ailments, by eradicat ing every morbid matter from the blood, and conferring on every organ its natural and healthy action, Without weakening the system or irritating the brain or nerves. In all the varieties of fevers and inflammations, which now fearfully swell our bills of mortali t y , Hollo way's pills exer cise the most salutary power ; they oft= restore health when desolation threatened, THE RECENT MURDERS. Suicide of the Murderer, The inquiries set on foot by the detective police on the Surrey side of the Thames have led to the discovery of the murderer of the woman and two children who were found dead in a cab on Saturday evening last. The murderer, how ever, took poison as soon as he found the police had dis covered him, and died from its effects at the Camberwell green Police-station shortly after his apprehension. In consequence of the description published on Monday morning of the three murdered persons, as well as of the man who rode in the cab with them, and who was supposed to be their murderer, the suspicions of a letter carrier named Prescott were aroused as to a person named Hunt, residing at Camberwell. He knew that Hunt's family led a most un happy life, and that he had threatened to do for his wife and children. Ho had seen Hunt go in and out of his house on Sunday, but had seen nothing of his wife and children. On Monday evening, therefore, he went to the police-stati )n near Camberwell-green and told the inspector whom he found on duty what he thought of the matter, Acting on this information, Inspectors Meloy and Smith proceeded, about 20 minutes to 10 on Monday night, to the house indicated by Prescott, which is situated in Welling ton-road, Coldharbour-lane, Camberwell. They knocked at the door. All was quiet, and no light was to be seen in the house. No answer being returned to their summons they knocked again and again, but without obtaining any reply. While thus engaged Inspector Dann arrived at the spot, having received similar information from another source. The knocking was again repeated, when Inspector Meloy fancied he heard something moving in the house. They then commened a vigorous kicking at the door, which after some delay was opened on the chain. A man then asked the inspectors who they were and what they wanted, when Inspector Smith said they belonged to the police, and de manded admittance. The chain was then withdrawn, and they entered the house. The man then said, " Wait a minute; wait a minute; I'll get a light ;" and made a rusk towards the stairs. They prevented his reaching them, In spector Smith replying, "Never mind, we've got a light." They then all went up into a bedroom on the first floor, when the man commenced retching, a circumstance which aroused the suspicion of the inspectors, and induced Meloy to question him as to whether he had not taken poison, to which he replied, " No, I have not ; my heart is affected." He then asked them what they wanted, and Inspector Smith asked him if his wife and family were at home. He said, " No, they are all in the country ; they have gone to South ampton." When asked the date of their departure he re plied that they went away on Friday night last. Inspector Meloy said, " Have you not made a mistake, was it not on Saturday night ?" The man replied "No ; I am positive it was Friday night." At intervals dvring this conversation the man retched violently. He wasthen asked as to his family and he said he had two children, both girls, one eightand the other four years of age. Inspector Smith asked him to de scribe the children, which he did, and his description tallied exactly with that of the children found in the cab. He also stated the age of his wife to be 27. Inspector Dann said to him, "Have you read the account of the murder in the papers ?" To which he replied, " I have read the account of the murder ;" and immediately added rather sharply, " But you don't suppose it's my family, do you ?" Inspector Meloy asked the man how his wife and family were dressed, to which he replied by asking how the deceased were dressed. Meloy said they were dressed in black. On which he said, "They cannot be mine, for mine were all light dressed," and added, "She has gone on a visit to her uncle, Mr. Campbell, who lives at 29, Harmwood-street, Southampton. Inspector Dann then requested him to go with them to the police-station to hear the description of the deceased woman and children read. He expressed his willingness to do so, and then asked Inspector Meloy‘if he would take charge of £4O in Bank of England notes, a request which he declined to comply with. He then accompanied them to the station, and on the way said, " My wife and myself have lived very un happily, and she was always very jealous, and, oh I she led me a dreadful life, always accusing me wrongfully, and talk ing to that extent that I have frequently been obliged to leave my bed and walk the streets. The children have told me something which has aroused my suspicions of her. They went out one day, and when they returned they said they had met a gentleman who had taken them all in a cab, and that he was kind, like me, and looked like me, only that he had a moustache. I did not like this," When offering the bank .notes to Mr Meloy, he said " I want you to take charge of these to give to my wife and children if they are alive." He afterwards said, "She used to drink, and her bottles were always about the house; what I drank this evening was a part of what she left behind in a bottle." Inspector Meloy asked him if he knew what it was that he had drunk, and he replied, "I have no doubt but that it was gin." During the whole of the conversation at the house, and on the way to the station, the man continued to retch and vomit so violently that on arriving Mr. Puckle, surgeon, of Coldharbour-lane, was immediately sent for. He at once said that the man had taken poison, and, after much resist ance succeeded in forcing a strong emetic down his throat. Mr. Massey, of Camberwell-green, shortly after arrived, and Dr. Maule Sutton, a physician, late of the Queen's Hospital, Birmingham, who was passing, also rendered his assistance. Previous to the arrival of the medical men the prisoner, being weak from excessive vomiting, sat down while the description of the deceased woman and children was read over to him, on hearing which he exclaimed seve ral times " That is them," as the inspector proceeded in reading the account. He was then asked if his wife had a sore foot, and ho said " Yes." Meloy then asked "Does she use ointment ?" to which he replied " Yes, I have applied it to the sore myself." The vomiting continuing to increase, he said he thought he was dying, and asked to be allowed to lie down. This was complied with, and the medical gentle men then questioned him as to what he had taken. He re plied, "I think it was something in the glass which was not spirits." He continued, " I know what my wife died of now—it is prussic acid, and it was in the house. I might have taken aconite—l think I did." After this ho conti nued retching for nearly an hour, when he again referred to his wife, and said her uncle had given them £5O, which enabled him to live without drawing his salary, and ho had not touched it for the last 18 months. Just previous to his deathihe seemed to sleep, and suddenly awoke, when he said —" I have had the most beautiful dreams. I want to write. lam dying, and before I die I want to write." Writing materials having been supplied, he was just able to write as follows, but he could not sign the note : ,' Mr. John M'Culloch—Pay to my wife the money due to me—namely, £l2O, due the 17th of September last, and the remainder due to me." He then said, " My employer owes me 18 months' salary. We have had a good many rows about that, and I wish to leave it to my children if they are alive." Shortly after this he died. The body was removed about half-past 12 to the house of the deceased, when it was ascertained that his name was Hunt, and that for some time past he had held the situation of traveller to Messrs. Butler and M'Culloch, seedsmen, herbalists, and druggists, Covent-garden. The body was then again examined by Dr. Sutton as to the cause of death, but he could find no signs of prussic acid. The expression of the countenance was calm, although he had died from exhaustion brought on from excessive retching and struggled violently just before his death. On searching the body they found his linen marked S. H. Hunt. He was well dressed in a suit of mourning. The body was taken to the house in Wellingtm-road, where it awaits the coroner's inquest. After his death he was identified by the cabman Parker as the man whom he had driven from the Great Eastern Railway to Furnival's:lnn. Another cabman, named Peirce, also identified him as the man whom he had driven from Camberwell to Shoteditch station. It seems that on Satur day evening about 7 o'clock the second cabman was on his stand at Camberwell-green when he was hailed by a lady in black with two little girls. She told him to drive to Shore ditch station, and to take th 3 check-string in his hand, as she would have to atop him on the road. When they had proceeded about 200 or 300 yards down Camberwell-road a man, who afterwards turned out to be the deceased, hailed him, but the cabman said he was engaged. The man, how ever, said he had friends in the cab whom he wanted to join. In his capacity of traveller for Messrs. Butler and M'Culloch, Hunt seems to have obtained a knowledge of herbs and chemistry, He had fitted up a small laboratory in his house, where he resided with his wife and two children. His neighbours say that he and his wife were constantly quarrelling, and that at times they appeared to be very wretched. He had been heard oa more than one occasion to say he would "do for his wife and children one of these days," and some persons who sympathised with them remonstrated with Hunt on their account. The house, though small, bore a very respectable appoar anoe, and some of the rooms were well and comfortably furnished. The house was searched by the police, and a small bottle of tincture of aconite, or monkshood, one of the most deadly poisons known, was found, It is a curious fact that although Parker, the cabman, stated to the police and at the inquest that the man he drove from Shoreditch station had a moustache, several people in the neighbourhood unite in stating that for the last two years Hunt had gone with his upper lip shaven. The Mr. M'Culloch referred to above is not a "west-end chym'st," as has been reported, but the present head of the firm of Messrs. Butler and M'Culloch. Last evening we were informed that Hunt had been in their employment for about three years. His usual business was to make a round of calls early in the day and arrive in Covent garden in the afternoon, when he attended to customers in the shop, or did whatever was required there. On Friday last Hunt asked for leave of absence for Sa turday, "as he was going into the country, to Margate." On Monday afternoon ho appeared at the shop at his usual time, and without exhibiting any change in his appearance or manner. In the course of the afternoon Mr. Youngman, Mr. Mr. M'Culloch's foreman, asked him if he had r h ea particulars of the horrible affair in a cab. To this no reply, and he conducted himself in a towards persons persons who came into the shop during the rest o a rthe after noon ; but in the evening he eat w ith t Mr. M'Culloch in be in high spirits. the counting-house, and appeared He was laughing and joking more f?e o ely than he usually did when in a similar frame of mind. He parted with Mr. M'Culloch on Monday evening as !ate as seven o'clock, not the slightest suspicion being entertained by any one 14 Whose coopally he had been that be was the murderer, Hunt had lately told Mr. M'Culloch in a confidential sort of way several times that his wife was a great trouble to him. The deceased's house is now in the hands of the police. We have been requested to state that Mr. Hunt, phar maceutical chemist, 6, High-street, Denmark-hill, Camber• well, who supplied the box of ointment to the deceased woman, is in no way related to or connected with the mur derer's family. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS. TIMES.—HaIf a century ago, when Europe had just given the fatal blow which made France recoil to her capital, there seemed no other object, before the human race than to isolate and shut up the common foe. All else, in this part of the world at least, had learnt the blessings of order, legitimacy, and submission to the powers that had always been. Though there were smouldering signs of discontent here and there, and personages not quite satisfied with their territory and position, still these were slight maladies that time would alleviate and even wholly remove. A great inundation had been checked ; the day of " enterprise" was over, " re volution" had been driven into its den, and all that was to be done was to raise a sufficient barrier between the sound and the unsound, the invaded and the invader. Such was the view of things that chiefly dictated the Treaties of Paris and Vienna. It was assumed that Europe, caring for peace above all things, and France, beaten into submission, would long acquiesce in arrangements made really , in a moderate spirit, and generally with a con scientious regard to the public good. For fifteen years the Treaty of Vienna was observed as sacredly as if it had been written on the skies; and it has taken nearly fifty years altogether to abrade this mighty landmark down to the level of history. The sluggish stream of peace itself, however, has undermined its own banks, and revolution or accident has only intervened to consummate a destruction all but done. The Treaty itself was such as time could not but work against. There was in it an element of weakness, unavoidable, re cognised, and resisted, but irresistible. In crushing France it was necessary also to crush the national sentiment and public opinion. France, like the august captive in the old story, had to receive a victorious, and now to her a foreign, lord. Her hour of calamity was widely shared by those who could not then move or speak, So when France reasserted her independence, and shook off her mister, the example spread. The rent in the Treaty ran from one nation to another. The hybrid kingdom of the Netherlands, raised as a barrier against French enterprise, was shivered in a day, though it took diplomacy three years to accept and legalise the fact. There at once was gone, not only the letter, but the spirit of the Treaty. Two neigh bouring nations had now chosen their own rulers, and what, perhaps, neither Europe poi France at first expected, these terrible outbreaks of national self-will were found not incompatible with the general peace. It must be concluded that immedi ately from the expulsion of Charles X. and the dis ruption of Holland and Belgium the Eastern Powers had given up all hope of maintaining the Treaty of Vienna, even if they desired it. Their occupation of Cracow gave France itself an opportunity of pro testing in behalf of public law, and distinguishing between its own natural right to choose its own Government and the violent interference of one State with another in the face of treaty obligations. Since then the Treaty of Vienna has been like a fortress overthrown, dismantled in its most vital quarter. A parade of validity has been kept up, but adequate force alone was wanted to destroy what was left of it. When at last France had elected a Bonaparte as her Emperor, the Treaty only survived in a feeble jealousy of national indepen dence and French ambition. Italy saw its oppor tunity, and renewing a former struggle and a former alliance, wrested Lombardy from Austria, and ab sorbed in a natural unity Tuscany, the " Two Sicilies," Parma, Modena, and the Legations. Aus tria was thus the first of the great Eastern Powers that was in a position to complain of broken treaty rights. Russia and Prussia were apparently content to let the Treaty go down the stream of time, and to stand upon older grounds. Bat while his hand was in, the Emperor of the French took occasion to rectify the line of frontier imposed by Europe in 1814 and 1815, at a time when everything short of a Chinese wall was erected between France and other nations. He obtained Savoy and Nice and something more on that coast, as well as the territories of Faucigny and Chablis, the neutrality of which had been expressly secured by the great Powers. Besides a footing on the shore of the Lake of Geneva he made a slight adjust ment of the frontier at Les Rousses. If his old pro tectors the Swiss are to be believed, he commands their great lake and can penetrate at once into every valley of the Confederation. The greatest of natu ral barriers has fared no better than the artificial ; and Switzerland and the treaty are both rent in twain. Finally, England has given up the protec torate of the lonian. Islands, and handed them over to the new kingdom of Greece. But England Re i d all the great Powers of Europe are invited to a Con gress, the first act of which, it would seem, is to accept all these facts as accomplished. The pro posed end of this recognition is to establish there from some as yet undiscovered basis for the settle ment of existing differences. It may be presumed that this basis will be the right of nations to choose their own Governments. But, unless the Congress point to measures of a war,ike nature or tendency, no such basis of diplomatic negociation is required, for there is no right so much admitted as that of national independence, when a nation is strong enough to assert its independence and mains in an indefinite struggle with its former master. If Po land or the Confederate States of America hold out till the conflict itseif becomes a worse public evil than the risks we incur by full recognition, we cer tainly shall recognise the independence of both peoples. What new basis, then, is Wanted more than that which virtually exists ? Nor : i s it easy to see how the proposed basis will be stronger because it is to be founded on a stronger approval—that is, a more express and particular approval—of every thing that has been done in the face of the treaty. This will be to purchase a little formality at the cost of much conscience, and, in some cases, interest. England has no interest in the fate of the treaty except her common interest in order and peace. Could she in honour and duty leave the Continental Governments and peoples to settle the matter among themselves, she can afford to do so. Nor has she anything to sacrifice, except those con scientious convictions the retention of which constitutes her great moral weight. If England, while approving the self-emancipation of Italy, and other acts running counter to the letter of the treaty, does not approve the suppression of the Republic of Cracow or the annexation of Savoy and Nice, or the presence of a French army in Rome, why are we to purchase our right to sit in this Congress by renouncing our conscientious protests and belying our recorded judgments? This is a certain loss, while the gain is doubtful. We may, indeed, de clare our acceptance of some accomplished facts, reserving our opinion upon others, much in the same way that even Austria may possibly record her resignation to her Italian losses. But Austria may well consider what she is to gain, or what the cause of peace and order is to gain, by the gratui tous rehearsal of her former humiliations. As for Russia, she has not yet betrayed any superstitious repugnance to deal with facts, and she has a logic that can handle or evade any abstract proposition. Bat, on the other hand, she has long since renounced the treaty when it stands in her way ; and there begins and ends her part in this matter. Bat if France and Austria are ready to show their respect both for the treaty and for accomplished facts by entering the proposed Congress, there can be no reason why we should refuse to join them, so as we do not begin by admissions fatal to our authority, and in our case unnecessary. POST.—Europe must be entering upon an entirely new dispensation if it accepts and realises the Emperor Napo leon's idea of a Congress. It is a project so unprecedented and of such a grand moral conception that we can only regard it as an earnest of something to be here after—" appearing ere the times are ripe." There have been Congresses for the partition of kingdoms, the equation of spoil, and the inauguration of new dynasties, but a Congress to enfranchise a nation crushed under an s excessive severity of repression—a Congress to revise treatie which, whether right or wrong originally, are distinctly the bases of the status quo— a C o ngress to take into considera tion the state of things in general and bring about a icon sensus,s if not a uniformity, of international policy—this indeed to a project h e feasiblew hi in c no thoi this one generation, a M ti or;Cobdenand h e i v e h e r n main tained o ne against but the Emperor of the French would have that can avehadthhee bravery to propound. Of its success , the u ably said is that is not impossible. are immense le. There is muchdifacuiti the chances of a happy is sue, but nothing in the naturees in things to ensure failure. There of it, because if it can be ge tting a Congress toge ther ; there will be still gre a t er ones in the r b bsyt directionpi r o em e o o v d f w u s g i o r r e i k d Still, obtainin g there its suc cessful t pr 0 ismuch to besaidin favour s k ing. Amn ad yt e hi t n e g w t o h rk at it w is ill undeniablythe anticipat e v7a vocatives — anything that will settle disputes by the voice of reason—the sanctions o f pu b lic law, and the bond of m utual interests—anythi ng that will preserve from waste the blood and treasure which are the strength of nations, ought to receive the warmest favour at the hands of all civilised principalities and powers. t horoughly successful, would save men and A money, Congress, w 0 u l i d f prevent the bitterness and exasperation which war engen ders, would put the responsibility of public policy upon the right shoulders, and would be a standing witness to the prevalence of moral counsels over mere physical prowess and brute strength; But, on the other hand, the failure of such a Congress as that proposed would be a fatal failure. Any single Power successfully defying it would be only stronger after its wiscarriage than before; while lateld _ difficulties might arise in the way of future negotiations on public questions. Thus much on the general question but this proposed Congress has difficulties of its own. The ostensible object of it is the reconsideration of certain treaties in their relation to the present condition and necessities of Europe. The real one is to endeavour to effect a solution of the Polish question. It would be impos sible to fix upon a more intricate topic wherewith to inaugu rate a new mode of dealing with international interests. The American question is in a nutshell compared to that now on the tapis. There is a proud and noble-hearted people tol" dergoing an oppression that is simply exterminating, in de fiance of a treaty that was intended to preserve to them their liberties. The cruelties, the butcheries, and the profligate outrages which they are daily enduring at the hands of their nominal protectors, are a scandal to civilisation and hu manity, and a violation of the original compact. The hu. manity of Europe revolts at the conduct of Russia. The conscience of Europe condemns it; the earnest remon strances of three of the Powers have deprecated it in the strongest terms admissible in diplomacy; while all European statesmen out of Russia, unless it be Count Bismark, see only too clearly that the existence of such a grievance as the Poles undoubtedly suffer is dangerous to the very root and principle both of royal authority and popular liberty. The friends of revolution point to the tyranny of Russia es a fair exponent of imperial government. The advocates of the Divine right of kings retort that Poland is a specimen of what popular liberty leads to. The case in favour of doing something to rid Europe of this monstrous evil is not dis- puted or disputable. But what is to be done ? That is the whole question. A Congress, unless backed by ultimate purposes of a co-active character—in case of the failure of reason and moral suasion—is not likely to have much more effect on Russia than the remonstrances already ad • dressed by the three Powers. Let us imagine a Congress laying out a simple, just, and practicable scheme, and Russia flatly refusing it—what then? Is the Polish cancer to go on festering, and Russia to be allowed to snap her fingers in the face of the assembled Powers of Europe? This is a ques tion which must be gravely entertained. Are the Powers who may be favourable to a Congress prepared to go to war for Poland, if more moderate counsels fail ? or, short of war, to withdraw for a time their representatives from St. Petersburg, and put the oppressor of Poland out of the comity of nations ? Either of these would be strong mea sures which we can hardly conceive probable, but which must be forecast as possible. Before anything is done in any of these directions, the friends of Poland ought to make up their minds as to what they mean by justice to Poland, and what result would satisfy them, before they agree on terms which, if not accepted, must seriously compromise the dignity and peace of Europe. If the Poles are a noble and oppressed, they are also an impracticable, people. They have never governed themselves well when they have had the chance. They have moreover no frontier of their own. If erected into an independent State of the old limits they would have no way out of their own borders, but across the territory of other Powers. They could, therefore, pursue no independent policy in Europe, and must be ever at the mercy of other Powers. Grand and beautiful as the vision of an independent Poland may be in the abstract, it is full of difficulty in reality; and, if we are to have a European Congress, it must not be to agitate for beautiful dreams, and all invited to it will do well to ponder on its prelimi naries, and to settle definitively at what point its functions are to terminate. We may otherwise find confusion wore° confounded than ever. COUNTRY MARKETS. ____,_.~ LEEDS-TUESDAY. The arrivals by water are small, but moderato by rail. The demand for wheat to-day has not been extensive, still the business transacted was at last Tuesday's full prices. Barley, it fine, very firm ; other sorts bad to sell and lower in price. Oats and beans were slow. MARKET HARBOROUGH—TUESDAY. White wheat, 42s to 445; red, 39s to 41s per 36 stone* Malting barley at 358 to 378:per qr.; grinding, 30s to 32e per 30 at. Oats, old, 26s to 295; new, 20a to 23s per 2 4 at. ; beans, 37s to 41s per qr. LIVERPOOL-TUESDAY. There was an average attendance at market to-day of the town and country trade, with a fair consumptive business doing. Wheat in good demand, and an advance of 2d per 1001 b on good descriptions may be quoted. Fine flour was wanted, bringing a trifle more money; but little business dono in other sorts. Oats and oatmeal a fair trade. Bar ley and peas quite as dear. Indian corn neglected. SHEFFIELD—TUESDAY. The market was well attended, and there was a good trade done at the close at the extreme prices of the previous week. Red wheat, per load of 3 imperial bushels 15s 04 to 17$ 03 , White l7s 6d to 19s Oa New red y lss 63 to lis O a New white ~ Beans Peas, per qr Grinding barley, per qr Malting ditto, „ Oats Flour, Is sd, is 7d, and is 93 : pel :423l3l l osl24 4 BBB:B l °°°oo f daddd . tttttw0:423311847842555555(1°060431 CORK-TUESDAY. The following were the quotations this morning :—fed wheat, 8s 4d to 8s 9.1; white, 8s Od to 9s 4d , barley, Od to 8s Od ; oats, 3s Cd,to 6s 4d ; black do., 40 " to 5s sd. DUBLIN—FRIDAY. A moderate supply of wheat at our market to-day, b ut ted considerable of oats and barley. Tuesday's rates supPor for prime samples. s. d. s. d. Wheat, white 23 0 to 25 0 Do., red 2O 0 to 23 0 Do., new Barley Oats Do., black — 0 to 0 s. d. 0 . d n ' Beans.. v Bere l2 0 to 13 0 Rapeseed Oatmeal ll 6 to 13 0 Bakers' flour Indian corn Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. ------- Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton ..Nov. is. via Marseilles Nov. 12 , drazil and Cape Verde, by British packet. Dec. 4. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena Nov. 29. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton Nov. 15. via Marseilles Nov. 12, Falkland Islands .. Gibraltar, via Southampton Nov. 11. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Nov. 18. via Marseilles Nov. 12. India (Bombay), via Southampton .. Nov.ll. via Marseilles Nov. 20 ' P0rtuga1.......... Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Nov. 11 ' via Marseilles Nov. 12. Newfoundland .. Nov. 1 1 ' Oporto and Vigo .. U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.... Nov. 11, __ ... _ - - by U.S. packet W.C. of Af r i ca , M a d e i ra, and byTeneriffe..Canadian N ov , 10. Bahamas, via New York Nov. 20. Mexico ...... packet Nov. 1 3. • • • • Nov. 2S. All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, .} Nov. 13, California. and B r iti s h Columbia.. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur' chasing Horniman's pure Tea; very choice at 3s. 4d. and 4s. ,4 High Standard "at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in eyed town supply it in nackets. [AnvEraisEmENT.]—Consumption, all nervous, liver, and stomach complaints, in every stage, are only ag gravated and accelerated by drugs of every description, but perfectly curable by Du Barry's health restoring Revalent a Arabica Food, as proved by thousands of cases which had been considered hopeless. We quote a few.—Cure No. 62,91 4 . Miss Lange, 18 years of age, cured after the medical men had abandoned all hopes of her recovery from the last stage of pulmonary consumption, with fearful cough, expectoration, exhaustion, spitting of blood, perspirations, hollow cheeks, emaciated to a skeleton. She is now, thank God, a perfectly healthy, blooming, fleshy girl.—N. Lange, Commissaire do Police. Cure, No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of FrimleY Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial deafness.—Cure, No. 47,121. ADO Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion. gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies. —Cure, No , 54,816. The Rev. James T. Campbell, Pakenham, Nerfoll4 of indigestion and torpidity of the liver, Which had resisted all medical treatment. In tins, 11b, 2s 9d; 21b, 4s 6d; 5111, lls; 121 b, 225; 241 b, 40s. Barry du Barry and Ca., No. 77 • Regent-street, London ; also Fortnum and Mason; and el l grocers and chemists in every town of the United Kingdom Births. cLARx.E.—On the 9th inst., at Brighton, the wife of Ar sistant-Commissary-General Henry Clarke, of a daugt' ter. PEEL.—On the Bth inst., at 32, Bruton-street, Berkeley' square, the Hon, Mrs. Charles Lennox Peel, of a son. VIVIAN.—On the Bth inst., at 14, Belgrave•square, the Hon. Mrs. J. Vivian, of a daughter. WIL LIAms.—On the Bth i ns t., a t B a lh am - h ill , t h e w ife fo Major H. F. Williams, 60th Rifles, of a daughter. Marriages. Tous—CIIESTEIL—On the 7th inst,, at Saint Barnabtt Kensington, Th omas Harris Toms, Esq., of Hig Lodge, Walthamstow, to Mary Fanny, eldest daugYle, of George Chester, Esq., of St. Alban's-road, Kensaig ton. WININIILL—MUMFORD.—On the 7th inst . at St. Mary % Plaistow, William Hill Winmill, of PI aistow, Essex, to Fanny Sarah, only surviving daughter of the late John Mumford, Esq., of Pledgedon Hall, Ilenham, in the same county. Deaths. BucHANA.N.—On the 9th inst., at 10, Chapel-street, Bel grave-square, George Buchanan, Ez;q., late CaPa ull Royal Scots Greys. CAMPBELL.—On the 9th inst., at Givon's Grove, Sarre'' , Angus J. Campbell, Esq., late of China. Govon.—On the 7th inst,, at Souldern, Oxfordshire, Chas* Gough, Esq., aged 71. HERRICY.—On the 7th inst. at at Southses, Charlotte , widow of the late Captain E. Herrick,. MORTLOCK.—On the 6th inst., s uddenly, at 21 , Bruns wi t terrace, Grosvenor-park, S am uel Mort. lock, Esq. , a g e 78. London : Prin Zed and Published by VVILLIA ANDR of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at THE Stt N Office No. 11'2. Strand, in the Precinct of the 3avoy, the QountY of htittdlefies.—WedueadaA.,Diffeluber 11, ;PM. Nc Amp 1 Ann-it, : r ats' On Lie 17,vei Nia( on the The Pon 01:1 api I, OND , LI, At t ev,np, the R I Ehow e That I Again It) c a . raeta cent. Otvin , That iesu On \id That • The,, c • In Fire "The comp, laretet afford and. a With , Fi.re De vei T' At pool, Chair Repo] That xhat yea and That an( That rh value roll e old( Pratt 70, ar (Eat FT' Corp, I V,ec I , lq aYal Thl An Life. Th Pol the 3 1865, Th n . Tlto Ti total th el wh e poll, pa CoI as sd, IV