The Sun. — London, England, 1854-09-27 00:00:00

SOUTII-IVESTI-lIRN RAILWAY.- PLEASURE EXCURSIONS DAILY to those attractive laces, WINDSOR, HAMPTON COURT, RICHMOND, KEW, &c., e.. at Low Fares. First and Second Class Return Tickets, at Single Fares (with the addition of a booking fee), are issued on Saturdays and Sundays, at Wateth,o and Vauxhall Stations, to Windsor and to all Stations tu'low Welting. These tickets can only he received at the station r which they are issued, and are available for Return by any Ordi nary Train until the following Monday, inclusive. By order. ARCHD SCOTT, Traffic Manager. Waterloo Station,July, 1854. GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY of CANAD A.—Notice is Hereby Given, That a CALL of 21. 10s. Per share on each and every share of the A series of the sharPs of this company has been made, and will be due and payable on Mon day, the Sib of October, 1854. A CALL of 101. will also he due and payable on each of the Certificates exchangeable for Company's De. be , tures, and 101. on each of the Certificates exchangeable for the Debentures of the Province of Canada. Six per. cent. interest will be charged on the Calls as long as they e In arrear. A Call Letter will be sent to etch shareholder for the payment of the Call on his shares. The Debenture Certificates must be presented at the Bankers, in order that the payment of the Call may be marked aPon them. Bottlers have the option of paying up in full on their shares and debentures. Interest at the rate of 6 per cent. per annum is paid on all sums received in advance of Calls on either shares or debentures , mul hp order In Council of the Government of Canada, all persons ~.."nvilig paid 101. per sh +re , a nd in full on their Debenture Certificates, ' O . 2, will be entitled at once to exchange the same for the Deben tures of the Province. All payments to be made at the Banking House of Messrs. Glyn, ba Is, and Co., 67, Lombard-street. By order of Bpi Board. WILLIAM CHAPMAN, Secretary. 21, Old Bond•strect, Sept. 8, 1854. ACCIDENTAL DEATH INSURANCE COMPANY. • Capital, 110,n 00 /. , fuLy subsrribed. CHAIRMAN—KENYON S. PARKER, Esq., Q.C. DEPHTY-CHAIRMAN—Henry Blair Mayne, Esq. Accidents on Bailways, fatal and non-fatal, insured against, either I) 3' single or annual premiums, at very moderate rates. Inquire at 7, Bank•buildings, Lothbury. , --------- ACCIDENTAL DEATH INSURANCE COMPANY. . , Accidents by Sea, Fire, ordinary Travelling, or from any other cause, insured against. • Weekly payments, together with medical expenses, immediately ' awarded in case of any accident whatever, which may prevent the insured from following h is usual occupation. Inquire at 7, Lank -buildings, Lothbury. A CCIDENTAL DEATH INSURANCE COMPANY. , WAR RISKS either by Land or Sea, or in the face of the Enemy, INSURED AGAINST. _No personal attendance or medical examination required. Prospectuses and further information can be had on application at the Company's Offices, or of any of their W Agents. By order. M. YOUNG, Secretary. 7, Bank-buildings, Lothbury. LAURENT'S CASINO, ARGYLE ROOMS, am-road) (L e ssee, Cues. C. LAURENT, Onslow-house, Fulh, The above Rooms are now OPEN FOR TIIE SEASON, and will continue open every evening, with LAURENT'S CRLEI:RATED BAND. Constantinople Quadrille, Sultan Polka, Pair Star Waltz, and Overland Mail Galop, by D'Albert ; also, by H. Villl- Laurent , the following Waltzes - La belle Frangaise, Leonora, ins and his Dinah. Admission , Is. Doors open at half-past 8. Dancing to commence at 9 o'clock, and terminate at half-past 11. PATRON—ILEX. PRTNCE ALBERT. ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION. UNDER ENTIRELY NEW MANAGEMENT. Mr. PEPPER begs to announce that in consequence of the power ? Ill Voltaic Battery having been lent to the British Association for the Advancement of Science, at Liverpool, the ILLUMINATED .;_A-SC AD F. will not be shown till M ONDAY, the 2d of October, when M ons. DUBOSCQ has kindly ( ons nted to exhibit a new ELECTRIC AMP under water, and a new C ASC ADE APPARATUS, throw ing Three Jets of Illuminated Water instead of one. On MONDAY EVENING, the 2d of October, E. W. BRA.YLEY, "Sq., F.R.S., F.G.S., &c., will deliver a LECTURE on GEO LOGY, being the EIGHTH of the MON DAY EVENING COURSE vI LECTURES to the INDUSTRIAL CLASSES. ' All the Daily Exhibitions and Lectures as usual. HE CHOLER A!!! Prevented by the destruction of all noxious effluvia. C IIEWS'S DISINFECTING FLUID, recommen ded by the Col se or Phys'cians and the London Boar d of Health. The Cheapest _T Strongest CHLORIDE of ZINC. Quarts, 25., Pints, ls., Half pints, 6 d. Sold by all Chemists, Druggists, and Shipping Agents, and at Commercial Wharf, Mile-end, London. 1 .4 . 13 .—CRE WS'S CHLORIDE of ZIN C is a cheap, powerful, and ~, preparation.—Medical Circular. GREAT REDUCTION" IN PRICE OF S I R WM. BITRNETT'S DISINFECTING FLUID. Gallons, ss. Quarts, 2s. Pints, Is. Half-pints, 6d. This Valuable DEODORISER and DISINFECTANT instantane ously destroys all BAD SNIELLS without producing any itself. Its free use, as directed, PREVENTS CHOLERA. and all CON TAGIOUS DISEASES. Sold by all Chemists and Druggists, and at the Office, 18, Cannon 81xect, London-bridge. -N.B.—Beware of a spurious imitation. TO NERVOUS SUFFERERS. -A RETIRED CLERGYMAN having been restored to health in a few days, after many years of great nervous suffering. is anxious to make known to others the means of cure. He will, therefore, send the free, on receiving a stamped envelope , p ro p erly addressed, a copy of pre- BerlPtion used. Direct the Rev. E. Douglass, 18, Holland-street, Brixton, London. DR. DE JONGH'S LIGHT BROWN COD. LIVER OlL.—The most effectual remedy for CONSUMP TION, BRONCHITIS. AST I IRA, GOUT, RHEUMATISM, and all SCROFULOUS COMPLAINTS. Pure and unadulterated, contain ing all its most active and essential principles—effecting a cure much More" rapidly than any other kind. Prescribed by the most eminent medical men. and supplied to the leading hospitals or Europe. Half- Pint bottles, 20. Gd. ; pints, 4s. 9d., IMPERIAL ME A SURE. Wholesale and Retail depot, ANSAR, BARFORD, and CO., 77, Strand. Four Half-pint Bottles sent (carriage paid) to any part Oi Tangland on receipt of a remittance of Ten Shillings. 'DESTRUCTIVE FIRE at HARPENDEN. " Harpenden, June 1 , 3, 1854. Gentlemen,—l have great pleasure in adding my testimony to the value of your Fireproof Sa'es. " Last Monday night my house, warehouse, and premises were un f or t un ately burned down; the tire rag ed very fearfully for about two hours, and, owing to the great scarcity of water, the whole of ply premises and stock were consumed. " The safe I' purchased of you had a most severe test, In conse quence of a barrel of brimstone standing close to it and melting with the heat of the fire, the burning lava running all over and under the sate, which great'y added to the intensity of the heat; it remained in that osition about four hours, and when with great difficulty it Was got p out of the fire a nd opened, I found my books and papers all uninjured. " You are at liberty to make what use you please of this inforMa lion, " I am, gentlemen, yours respectfully " Whf. WALKER. ":Messrs. Thos. Milner and Son, 47A, Moorgate-street, London." " Agricultural Laboratory, Harpenden, July 6, 1854. Gentlemen,—l wt's, present at the late fire which destroyed thee Premises of Mr. Walker, Harpenden, and was much surprised at ho great amount of heat your safe resisted, and still more surprised (when it was made known to me that a barrel of sulphur stood near it) that it was not entirely destroyed. " llehtg anxicus to see if it had be en attracted by the sulphur, I scraped some of the blistered iron fro m the inside and outside of the . _ ate, and, front analysis, find much sulphuret , so that it must have been firerti3r acted upon by the sulphur, yet the books and papers Were perfectly uninjured. _ " I must in justice say that your sa fes are invaluable, and very necessary for every one who has books old accounts of any value. '' I am, Gentlemen, yours very faithfully, " F. W. SIMCOE. ft, Aressrs. Thos. Milner and Son, 47A, Moorgate-street." It A VESEND S PACKETS. Th(;CO9ther Packets call at the Greenhithe and Furth rackets call at the Viers as underlined (weather FROM TERRACE PIER, GRAVESEND, T A R Dot rieri. permitting). SUNDAYS. 7 '41 EEK I DAYS• _------ - - r---- -, --------- ;-'-4 ,= ta w 1. - " . .5 t 4, 2 . •' 1 ') 1 ')° Terrace c. ..E .-9 1 ••• . Time . g . ~ —.' o Fier ,•' :: ''' -- 1 E 4 49 • ri 0 r .. ....... -- .. ---- ........- ....-_______ _ * t 91154 ...... _ 1 8 854 ... _ 11K _- ix, - - • - ix ..... _ -3% -- - • • 5 _ 6 _ _ 6 I " s -- Direct Omni hi every qu, 11 lt. UNAV Trains from the Boats marked t niece from Fenehurch-street Station to all parts of London tarter of an hour. AT [etc. IY[I AitF, BLICKWALL, on the arrival of the fol lowing Trains from the Fenchurch-street Station. ---------------` --------------Sur4Ders. WEER .., AI'S. —----- e" ---- ii . ------------: 7 -- - A ... .5 •c• - r- - . Ten- .=, t t tl . E 0 Fen - f. .5 43 ii church 8 '' .2 * church n ;Street 'I 8 "§ Street A ; 4 11 - _ -- - - IN 10 1 4 _ 11 II 1214 11,E - . _ 2 U _ 2 1 4 —. ...., _ _ 44 - - - - 3 )4 : _ ..... _ *gl 4 - 5 61A —6% : Passages marked * are TO or from Gravesend and London • • • • • • . , Gravesend and Blackwell or Wooly )34:4,ween Gravesend and Intermediate Piei BOAT TICKETS.—TweIve Months, 54, Three Dfonths, 2/. Os. ; to be had of tho Packets; or of Mr. Monk, Terrace Pier,' Sept. 19th. 1554. N o . 19,346.] PUBLICATIONS. Now ready at all the Libraries in 2 vols., 215., LIGHTS AND SHADOWS OF AUSTRALIAN LIF E. By Mrs. CLACY, Author of "A Lady's Visit to the Gold Diggings." Hurst and Blackett, publishers, successors to Henry Colburn, 13, Great Marlborough-street. This day, one vol. fcap svo., boards, 2s. 6d., THE ENGLISH PRISONERS IN RUSSIA; A Personal Narrative of the FIRST LIEUTENANT Of Tiara ; cintaining an account of his Jounpy in Russia, and of his Interview with the Emperor Nicholas and the Principal Personages in the Empire By ALFRED ROYER, Lieut., R.Y. London : Chapman and 11a11,193, Piccadilly. ECONOMIC LIFE ASSURANCE SOCIErY, 6, NEW BRIDGE-STREET, BLACKFRIARS. Established 1823. Empowered by Act of Parliament, 3 William IV. DIRECTORS. The Right Hon. Sir T. FRANKLAND LEWIS, Bart., M.P., Cha)t man. HENRY FREDERICK STEPHENSON% Esq. ' Deputy-Cbairrnin. A. Kingsford Barber, Esq. j Sir Alex. Duff Gordon, Bart. Arthur Kett Barciay,Esq., Archibald Hastie, Esq., MAP. Henry Be/nett, Esq. John 31endham, Esq. / Robert Biddulph, Esq. Charles Morris, Esq. , Thomas Edgar, Esq. William Routh, Esq. Atinrroas. Edward Charrington, Esq. I Captain Robert Gordon; R.N. Francis Dumergue, Esq. John Gilliam Stillwell,i Esq. PHYSICIAN—John Ayrton Paris, M.D., Cantab., Hon. DAIL . Oxon. F.R.S., 27, Dover-street (President of the Royal College of Phy sicians). Stikosox—Benjamin Travers, Esq., F.R.S., No. 54, green-street Grosvenor-square. Soticrroa—Henry Young, Esq.. No. 12, Essex-street, Strand. ACTUARY—James John Downes, Esq., F.R.A.S. The advantages offered by this Society are : ECONOMY combined with Security, and Lower Rates of Premiums than those of any other office, which entitle the assured to participate in the profits, and considerably lower than those of any other Mutual Assurance Society. The WHOLE of the PROFITS are divided every fifth year among the Assured, and a Bonus is added, after the payment of the Fifth Annual Premium to every Policy effected on the participating Scale, if a claim accrue thereon prior to the next division of profits. The sum of 397,0001. was added to Policies at the last division, which produced an average BONUS of 671. per cent. on the Premiums paid. Number of Policies in force 6,600. The Assurance Fund amounts to 1,340,0001. Income upwards of 220,0001. per Annum. No charge for Policy Stamps, uor for Service in the Yeomanry or Militia Corps. The subjoined Table shows the advantages offered by this Society, resulting from low Premiums, and a division of the entire profits among the Assured : tltl i'2, 0 S .2 ecB • 9, .g O.!--„ b." § 0 43 R' 8... 1 1g:2,E.2§,t, g.g. • 7,- . ?if;, - , , , , f,4i. 9 .7. w4. , .4E rs ii ">,gz tog 'A 8.,3-....21... , 0§.E 7A I's g gSI cli"scl--01g5,.E.5. 1 '). 5 . ',%). -. 1 1 •= l SS:-.l 7 4`' ° c '' H k ,4 a I E 4 41 r ... ~ I X. s. d. £ £ £ 1854. 1854. 20 ;2115 10 1 260 260 116 £l2 £l3BB 30 '2613 5 1205 205 125 12 1342 40 33 19 6 1140 140 130 11 1281 50 ;45 6 0 1030 30 141 10 1181 Assurances effected in the current year, 1854, will participate in :he Profits in 1859. Prospectuses and full particulars may be otitained on application to ALEXANDER MACDONALD, Secretary. FUND LIFE ASSUR -26, Cornhill, London. sl in 1838. _ A. Campbell Barclay, Esq. John Moss, Esq. Charles Bennett, Esq. 'Thomas Nicoll, Esq. Hugh Croft, Esq. E. S. Symes, Ai D. John Elliotson, F.R.S. J. Leander Starr, Esq. Thos. Colley Grattan, Esq. Clement Tabor, Esq. Joseph Thompson, Vsq. ' MANAGING DIRECTORS. J. Leander Starr, Esq. (General). Chas. Bennett, Esq. (Financial). NATIONAL LOAN ANCE SOCIETY, No. Establishe' AUDITORS. Professor Wheatstone. Fats., and Professor John Radford Young. MEDICAL EXAMINERS. J. Elliotson, M.D., F.R.S., 37, Conduit-street. E. S. Symes, M.D., 33, Davies-street, Berkeley-Square. ACTUARY. W. S. B. Woolhouse, Esq , F.R.A.S., F.S.S., &c. ASSISTANT ACTUARY. Barker Woolhouse, Esq. BANKERS. Messrs. Glyn, Mills, and Co., 56, Lombard-street. SOLICITOR. C. Ewene, Esq., 61, Moorgate-street. Total number of Policies granted from December, 1852, to December, 1853-1,194. Under the following heads are briefly enumerated the leading principles of this Society : OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY. 1. A Life Assurance may be effected either by One Payment, or by an Annual Premium. 2. Policies may he effected WITH or without the privilege of withdrawing one-half of the Annual Payments. If with out this privilege, the rates ai•e lower. 3.. A Life Assurance may be eff,eted on the life of another, on Joint Lives or Survitorship%:' 4. Annuities, Immediate, Deferred, or Contingent, will be granted ; also Endowments for Children. 5. Naval and Military Men, not in active foreign service, as sure i without extra charge, and allowed to go abroad with out forfeiture of Policy, on payment of an extra Premium, ac. °Ming to climate. _ _ . In the event of the Assured (when on the Withdrawal System) not requiring to continue the Policy, on its surrender one-half the annual payments will he returned by way of purchase of his interest therein. By this means, apprehension of great pecuniary loss and doubt as to the intrinsic transferable value of each Policy Is re moved. its cash vane being fixed and determined beforehand by' the Society at one-half the annual premiums paid thereon : a vast class of society will thereby be admitted; and every indlvilual, while steadily pursuinz one object—a provision for his family at death— will have, by the plan of Bait Society, a door open to his savings, which will never be closed against his wants or his use. Prospectuses, Report of last Annual Meeting, Forms of Proposals for Assurance, and every description of necessary Blank Forms, with Tables of Rates, and full information on all points, fUrnished. on ap plication at 26, Cernhill, or at any of the Company's Agencies. ripllE EVENTFUL MOMENTS WITH OUR ARMIES.—The period to which we have looked forward with thrilling anxiety has arrived, the landing of our armies in that gal lant and magnificent manner which distinguishes the British forces in all their engagements. These formidable companies, under the shelter of the broadsides of our splendid ships of war, will land on the shores of the enemy, and with our French allies will push on to vic tories before unknown. Such eventful moments cannot fail to excite the liveliest interest in every patriotic heart, and inspire with cheer fulness and courage every person in our vast empire. We have a military sirit, a noble independence, a national dignity, and able institutions which we are proud at any cost to maintain, and valu- as the campaign is expensive, every Englishman with his accustomed calculation will inquire how he shall pay his portion without per successc We suggest a plan, and are confident of its ; pu-chase all you , Clothing, and that for your families, at the Establishments of E. MOSES and Sox, and the war expenses dis tributed amongst the people in the shape of increased taxes will be fully met. Economy Is the order of the day ; all classes are sensible of its lm portitncc. 235. wil purchase at E. Mosrs and SON'S their New Paletot, which is universe ly famed for the gentlemanly appearance it imparts —fur the novelty and neatness of its make—for being the most suit able Dress for the close ofsummer, as well as for the ensuing autumn. Their stock of Hats and Caps is unrivalled for Neatness, Durability, and Cheapness. 'their Hosiery Goods for Ladies, Gentlemen, and Children are the gems of modern manutacture. The Gigantic Wholesale lothing, Shirt, and Boot and Shoe department secures advantages to 111 erchants, Captains, and Emigrants which cannot.be obtained elsewhere, and small or large amounts will meet with speedy sale, at very great profits, in any part of the world. Full lists of Outfits for Ladies and Gentlemen, with ship sailing informa tion. gratis, on application, or post free. bI'EItIAL NOTICE.—The Establishments will be Closed o an Seven o'clock. CAUTION. —E. MOSES and SON regret having to guard the public against imposition, herins learned that the untradeaman-like falseh 0.1 of " Being connected with their Establishmente," s or " It for's the same concern." has been resorted to in many instanc, stEd obvious reasons, they beg to state that they have NO Cornisxiom WITH AN! MIMI HOME IN Oft WIT OF LONDON, except their own Establishments, as follows London City Establishment, 154, 155, 156, and 157, Miseries, 84, 85, and 86, Aldgate, opposite the Church, all communicating. London West-end Branch, 506, 507, 503, New Oxford-Street, 1,2, and 3, Hart-street, all commuicating. Bradford (Yorkshire) Branch, 19 and 20, Bridge-street. Sheffield Branch, 3a, Fargato. Colonial Wholesale Branch, Melbourne, Australia. Merchant Tailo,a Clothiers, Hatters, Hosiers, Furriers, Boot and Shoe Makers, and General Outfitters for Ladies and Gentlemen. • IMPORTANT.—ShouId any article not give satisfaction, it will be exchanged if desired, or, if preferred, the money will be returned without hesitation. All goods aro marked in plain figures, the lowest price, trom which no abatement can be made. The Establishments are closed from sunset on Fridays to sunset on Saturdays, when business is resumed till 12 o'clock. A new Book, with illustrations, entitled" The Echo of Public Opi nion," containing full lists of prices, our system et self-measure ment, &c., &c., may be had on application, or post-free. Tel Von parle Francais . Qui Perla Itallano. filer spricht man Deutsch Aqua sa habla Espana. direct, Fore Cabin. Saloon. ... 10d. .. Is. 2d. rich Bd. .. Os. 10d. ors.. 6d. .. Os. Bd. Os.; Six Months, 31. Os. ; .o Collectors on board the Gravesend. THE SECRET INFIRMITIES OF YOUTH AND MATURITY. Just published, price 25., illust s r t a a t m ed ps w , with cases; free by post for 30 N ERVOUS DEBILITY; Its Causes, Symptoms, Ob a s n e d r, on a safer and more Cure.—An Essay on Sper in atcrrlicea, with Practical Observations rat an iv d e successful mode of treatmentofotfhethemidctsacsoepse of the System, obtained by the use the detecting Geae examination, the real Game and effect of distinguishing, by urinary every variety of complaint, whether arising from solitary habits, excesses, accident, or climate. followed by practical remarks, founded on twenty years' experience in the Spermatorrhcea, SZe. To lmpuissance which ] ,nervous Debility, Local Weakne ss , treatment of , i from empirical practice, are added, Commentaries on the Physiology atiig of Marriage, with pre cautionary hints on the evils and on the dangerouscarious writers on these important disorders. remediesemadvocated by L By SAMUEL LA'MERT , _ E, M.D. ONDON, 87, BEDFORD-SQUARE, Doctor of Medicine Matriculated Member of the University of Edin burgh, Honorary ' Member of the London Hospital Medical Society, Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall, London, ice. ' &e. The essential object 0 1 thi s treatise is to po int out the fearful con sequences resulting from certain habits, irregularities, which h proauced more mise r y i n Y ou th, and excesses, amdegradation in perhaps, Man hood, and premature de ca y at all stages of Life, than, ...., is other class of disease kno wn to modern pathologists. Its peru sal particularly recommended to persons entertaining secret doubts of their physical condition, an d who are conscious of haring hazarded iS Vie health, happiness, and privileges to which eve ry human being entitled. It is absolutely necess ar y th atall men should know, that there are principles of p ersona l management which cannot be violated without incurring grievous penaltits, and when wisdom and regret succeed the heyday of inconsiderate seif-indulgence, how these penalties , may be mitigated, how the sting of their bitterness may be removed, and how the evil and its consequences may be avoided, and above all, that there is scarcely any degree of physical infirmity or functional derangement to which the timely aid of science cannot apply a cure. TheAuihor has for a series of years been engaged in an extensive practice in *he treatment of these delicate complaints, which have unfortunately teen too generally confided to the care of ignorant equities, who inflict great injury on those who are induced to place faith in their pretensions. NERVOUS DEBILITY may be had, price 2s, of Messrs. riper, Brother , ' and Co., 23, Paternoster-row; Hannay, 63, Oxford -street Herne, 19, Leicester-square; Mann, 39, C orn hil l ; or free by post for thirty stamps to any address from the Author's residence, 37, Bed ford-square. At home for comtiltation daily from Eleven till Two, and from Six till Eight! AUSTRIAN SOFT-SAWDER. The Vienna Lloyd of the 21st contains the following remarks, which are not without interest, as illustrative of the tone which Austria finds it convenient to adopt at present : "The intelligence received yesterday that the Turkish troops are beginning to evacuate Wallachia has a deep meaning. It must have been felt at Constantinople that it would be a sad mission for the principal Ottoman army to assume the office of guardian of the Principali ties, already adequately protected, and to remain an idle spectator of the offensive war now directed against the enemy of Turkey. The auxiliary forces 'lave com menced a great strife which they will probably be unable to terminate alone. If Sebastopol falls, the Crimea must be garrisoned and defended, great military opera ' tions must bo begun in Asia, and perhaps an attempt will be made to enter Bessarabia by Odessa. The mili tary talents of Omer Pacha, and the courage of the powerful army which he commands, will find here a wider field of action than they have yet had to show their valour. When the Ottoman army shall have taken an active part in the war of the Crimea, then only will the service that Austria has rendered to Europe be dis played dearly before the eyes of the world." Otner Pacha, will appreciate this coaxing flattery at its true worth, and so, it may be suspected, does the Em peror of the French. The above paragraph has been transferred to the columns of the Monitcur, where it has assigned to it the same prominent place and type as were given to the notice of the electrio message front Vienna to General Hess, ordering him to allow the Turks to occupy Galatz and Ibraila. DOVER CASTLE.—Orders were received here from the Board of Ordnance some time back that the casemated barracks in the Castle, excavated in the cliff fronting, the sea in the reign of George when invasion was threatened by Napoleon 1., and which, after being oc cupied by different regiments of militia, have been used as a depository for large stores of gunpowder, should be cleared out. Accordingly vessels have been occupied at intervals in removing the powder, and last week the last Of the barrels was shipped off preparatory to the barracks. being again fitted up for the reception of troops.—South Ealtorti ascge. Tl(' ~~~ f I e 1 . e , y • " rw • • 7_ ft L IJS- I - f, 1,4 , a I • If4 z . , • I f v,k • . 4 / 411. , . 4t • 1%,4‘' ~Eq ‘'d sOSQ_ e Km I'f o' S - ' 4IIIIIIL . . \ • 1 7 1: ,: ' 1 7 . ti l l& • -& ,, v 1 ..y. `l l N4O> Og , • I •cr . • 85" . , E U 0 I 72. LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 27, 1854. THE WAR. NAVAL AND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE. Her Majesty's screw steam-ship Algiers, 91, was towed on Monday morning, at 7.30, from Hamoaze into Plymouth Sound, where she received a spare fan, brought by the Janus steamer, the previous day from Woolwich. Yes terday two months' advance wages were paid to the whole of the crow, that portion which came home in the Mean der receiving at the same time 12 months' arrears. The Algiers is appointed to sail for the Black Sea to-day. Sho takes out about 400 Marines for the fleet, together with a large quantity of provisions and stores, shot, shell, and ammunition, for the forces in the East. The Colossus, 80, screw, Captain R S. Robinson, exor cised her crow at Spithead yesterday in hoisting sails, &c. The Dauntless, 33, screw, Captain Ryder, was docked yesterday at Portsmouth, to have her copper broomed down, &c. We learn by electric telegraph from Plymouth, that the steam-sloop Hornet, 14, steamed from Plymouth Sound up Hamoaze in the course of the day. She will be placed in Keyham docks to-day to receive some slight repairs previ ous to sailing for the East Indies and China. The Stromboli, 6, paddle-sloop, Commander Robert Hall, having repaired a few defects, returned to Spithead yesterday, and reshipped her ammunition, ready for fur ther orders. It is believed that she proceeds to the Black Sea. The steam-sloop Sphinx, from Woolwich, for the Black Sea, was coaling in Plymouth Sound at noon yesterday. The Janus steamer having sprung her bowsprit and jib boom, has been sent to the Devonport dockyard to be re paired. APPOINTMENTS. Chaplain the Rev. Henry Jones, M.A. (1837), has been appointed to the Formidable, 84. Assistant-Surgeon John C. Austen, M.D. (1846), from the Victory, flagship at Portsmouth, has been appointed to the Snake, screw steam despatch gun-boat, at Blackwall. The crew of the Snake are on board the Salsette receiving-ship at Woolwich. Assistant-Surgeon John T. Gabriel (1852), recently serving in the Polyphemus, on the West Coast of Africa station, has been appointed to the Victory, vice Austen. Acting Assistant-Surgeon Alexander Collins (1854) has been appointed to the Nankin, 50, at Chatham. Lieutenant Henry C. Majendie (1849), serving in the Grecian, 12, on the East India station, has received his promotion as Commander. Surgeon Youell, twelve sergeants; 210 drummers, rank and file, will march from the Linen Hall Barracks on Wednes day, to embark in the Vanguard, at five p.m., also for Glasgow, where they :will be joined by the service com panies on their arrival from Canada, previous to their em barkation for the Baltic next spring. • The 90th (Perthshire Light Infantry) Regiment has re ceived orders to recruit with all possible activity, so as to complete its establishment of 1,200 rank and tile. The General Commanding-in-Chief, deeming it of great impor anco that no delay shall take place in so doing, has ordered additional recruiting parties to be detached from head quarters; and, as the whole recruiting staff is open for the 90th, little difficulty will be experienced in meeting Lord Hardinge's wishes. The men of this corps are on the qui rive, expecting to form part of a Baltic contingent in the spring, though the order for India has not been officially countermanded. A Dublin paper (the Express) says, it is stated in well informed military circles th.t the under-mentioned line regiments will form part of the British expeditionary force for the Baltic in March next :-18th, 51st, 54th, 56th, 66th, 72d, 80th, 82d, 90th, and 94th. The whole of these regiments will be in England before the close of the year ; and it is anticipated that there will be no difficulty in raising them to their augmented establishments long before they proceed to the Baltic, the whole of the recruiting staff being exclusively employed at the present moment in raising men for those regiments. would then become of his theory ? Supposing, for instance, that instead 0f10,000,000/ • or 12,000,0001., the war expenses of the present year were to be 50,000,0001., is Mr. Macgregor prepared gravely to maintain that that enormous sum ought to be paid out of the yearly revenue of the country ? Will be seriously affirm that such an amount of expenditure could be raised in a year out of the taxes of the country ? A moment's reflec tion will, we are sure, convince Mr. Macgregor that, however beautiful his views may bo in theory, they aro wholly incapable of being embodied in practice. If the hon. gentleman's position be a sound one, we ought not at this mo ment to have a single sixpence of national debt : neither ought any other country. But, unhappily for us, our forefathers were not of Mr.. Macgregor's way of thinking as to the best means of raising the money necessary for a war expenditure. If Mr. Pitt, and certain statesmen who preceded and followed him, had acted on the principle of the member for Glasgow, and made their contempo raries yearly pay the expenses incurred bythe war with America and the war with France, we should at this moment have been the happiest, because the least taxed, nation in Europe. Our posterity ought to regard us with pr3found respect and with the deepest gratitude, should Mr. Macgregor's views, as to the impropriety of taxing future gene rations, be carried out • for, in addition to our loss of blOod—to the sacrifice of friends near and dear to us—and to the serious commercial injury which we are suffering and must suffer—we should alsq bear all the pecuniary burthen. Thrice Jiappy posterity, to reap all the advantages of that peace which we are making such strenuous efforts to in sure, and to reap them, too, without being put to even the cost of a sixpence. Who would not, under these circumstances, wish to belong to posterity ? —Morning Advertiser. A WORD TO THE FARMERS. We would greatly prefer that this essay should not be read at all rather than that it should only be read half through. It is not unlikely that in the outset we may propound doctrines hard to be understood, which may induce the prejudiced to throw the subject aside without granting us a hearing. In the dilemma of the old man and his ass, it may be our fate to please nobody, in undertaking the thankless task of doing our duty to truth, mankind, and our own convictions. We can say, therefore, as a somewhat unpopular truth-speaker has said long ago, " Strike, but hear us !" and repeat our entreaty either not to begin the perusal of these ob servations or to read them to a close. We are again about to adopt the rash step of interposing an appeal to common sense betwixt master and man ; an inter ference which may bring upon us the fate of those who may make or meddle in lovers' quarrels, or the more common warfare betwixt man and wife. We are in formed that throughout the country there is a very general agreement among the farmers that the circum stances of the time favour the attempt to reduce the price of labour ; and that many have already acted upon that very bold and utterly unwarranted assumption. There is, therefore, no time to be lost in dispelling that mischievous delusion ; and it is peculiarly incumbent upon us to take our share in the task, seeing that hitherto we have been constrained, at the peril of grievous mis construction, and in the interest of sound economical prin ciples, to array ourselves on the side of capital, in the great campaign opened on the field of our domestic history be teween money and man. In the outset we would undertake the defence of the thesis that the laws which regulate the accumulation and distribution of capital are the masters of us all---of capitalists themselves, as much as of those who sell their labour to acquire it ; masters, indeed, of our inclinations, of our very generosity. It is not in any man's option long to pay for labour or for anything else more than it is worth. Bit by bit, the folly will eat in upon his principal, and make it disappear. Others who produce or buy more cheaply will be able to afford to sell more reasonably, and elbow liberality out of every market. In mercy to the masses themselves, this will be so. If they are the recipients of wages, they are also the great consumers of those commodities for the production of which wages are paid. Cheapness to them is therefore the most important of all things. It is not as if this country were independent of foreign con ditions. We import and export more than anybody else. We must sell at the price our rivals wk and our foreign customers can pay ; else we cannot sell, and cannot live—or live only in a state of barter, which is a state of barbarism and poverty. In the interest, there fore, most especially of the great body of the workers, we say that they are best treated when they are so paid as that the greatest results are produced at the least ex pense. The whole secret of our material greatness, which some say is even the source of our moral greatness, is simply this—that any given number ofourpopulation will produce a greater surplus of commodities after all ex penses are paid than an, equal number of any other people, and at a less cost. " Aye—l thought so," says old Chawbacon, or young Ashstick, "he's coming round to our woy of thinking at last—with the present cheap loaf, we must have the wages down." Fair and softly, friend. Did you never hear the phrase "cheap and nasty ?" Can't you understand that often the cheapest things are, in fact, the dearest—that as a general rule the best article is the cheapest, whatever may be its price ? In no commodity does this proposition hold so true as in that of labour. A cheap man is invariably a costly one. He leaves a smaller surplus of production, after all costs are paid, than a more expensive workman. A striking example presents itself in the very foreground of observation. A great French strategist has given the relative expense of a soldier in the different countries of Europe. The British man always is the dearest—the French the next—the Prussian next —then the Austrian —lowest of all the Russian. Now, does not this esti mate, in the most delicate graduation, follow the com parative efficiency of the lethal instrument ? When to the Muscovite surgeon-general the English physician expressed his surprise at the excessive morality of his troops, he was told that they died for want of quinine. When he was asked why quinine was not got, he said it was dear, and that a soldier cost nothing ! What has happened ? No man under the rank of a lieute nant has a pair of stockings in the army of the Czar. The clothing, the food, the camp equipage, the medical appliances, are all scanty, mean, and bad. When on campaign, the army steals everything and pays for nothing ; so that the peasantry fly with everything eatable, drinkable, and wearable as far from them as they can get. 11l provided, they have no sta mina to resist disease, and on the slightest sickness they die off by tens of thousands. In the same region, at the same time, the mortality of the French was very much less, and that of our well-appointed and stalwart beef eaters least of all. The better-fed Turks have prevailed over the Russians in every encounter. So it is in peace life. The dearest labourers in the world are the Yankees, and they are also the cheapest for the work done. The worst are the Hindoos, who live on a penny per day. Six Russian serfs, it is said, can scarcely‘do the work of one English peasant ; and farmers themselves assure us that in Ireland the spadesman who works for 6d. per day is dearer in the end than the Scotch hind at is. Bd. You must put strength into a man beforeyou can get work out of him. Especially, you must feed the brain, if you would get skill, character, and 9110 rale out of it. Every body knows this in its application to the horse—farmers ignore it in reference to the man. What stolidity can ex ceed such folly ! In Lincolnshire the wages of farm labourers are 2s. per day. Their employers are the most prosperous of their class—they themselves are the best workers. In Berks and Dorset the peasant is re duced to ls. 6d., or even less. The result is that more are needed to do the work, and it is worse done. Can economy be more penny wise—can meanness be more pound foolish t What is the result 1 The halt, maimed, blind, idiotic, prematurely aged, swell the poor-rates. The people can't live on the poor pittance they receive, , and crime increases, to the effect of a rapid rise in the amount of county rates. The women lose the charm of sex, lose their modesty and virtue, and the cottage fireside is turned into a hell. When the Anti-Corn- Law League questioned the Bucks ploughmen how they lived on 9a. per week, they said they got clothes from the gentry, but that their boys had to poach and steal. That is the end of your cheapness. There is scarcely an Eng lish farmer in the. West and South whose ploughmen do not crib the horses' provender and whose waggoners do not sell his produce to beer-shops on their road, which are indeed receiving houses perfectly well known to the county constabulary. Formerly the remedy for inade quate wages was the parish pay table. Now the farmers are the guardians of the Unions, and are practically the relieving officers. They play into each other's hands in the management of refractory ploughmen, and the latter are driven to betake themselves to another dodge. Na ture asserts her authority ; low cunning, sharpened by necessity, becomes the mother of invention 5 what is re fused to " hook," is taken by " crook." Farmers should not blink ibis plain question—" How can a man, his wife and five children, live on eight or nine shillings a week?" Let them take a slate, or pen, ink, and paper, and cast up the account for themselves. We put it to them—will they contract to maintain a human being in this country on twopence per day ? Is it possible to keep soul and body together in this climate on Si. a year ! Three pounds ! Why, their kitchen wench gets as much for mere tea money. It won't pay for the tuning of their daughter's piano—scarcely find her in gloves. We never yet found a farmer who could for the life of him tell how his ploughmen lived on what he pays them, and yet he expects that they should find out a way of doing it. So indeed they do, as the county rates andgaol and workhouse can testify, unless, indeed, occasionally an exodus in stinct seizes on them ; or what is a more common case, incendiary fires blaze forth from one end of the king dom to the other, much to the holy horror of the very shave-beggars who drove the poor to this last miserable alternative of destroying the very food from the want of which they are maddened into arson. Let the employers take timely warning. Should the rage for emigrating seize the English, as it has fastened on thelrish peasantry, from exactly the same cause,. too, 20s. per week may not in the 'end induce them to - remain ; indeed, the scarcity in the supply of labour, which has already doubled wages in the sister island, may very soon pro- THE GUN-BOATS. The Pelter, light draught .of water gun-boat, is now in the basin at Woolwich, under the shears, to have her masts put up. Workmen from the carriage department of the Royal Arsenal are on board laying and adjusting the brass segments of the circles on which the traversing platforms will revolve, five pivots being fixed on the deck for each gun, in order to enable each to fire in any of the directions of a half-circle fore, and a half-circle aft the funnel. The new guns, on Lancaster's oval principle, aro nearly all completed at the Royal Arsenal, Woo lwich, and will he sent up to the dockyard as the gun-boats are made ready for them. The Ranger, light-draught gun-boat, launched on Saturday at Mr. Pitcher's dockyard, Northfleet, wa s towed up to Deptford on Monday, to have her engines put on board ; and the Monkey steam-vessel, Second-Master Syndorcombo, towed the Pincher, the second launched of the light-draught gun-boats, to Northfleet, to be further fitted, her engines having been put on board by the con tractors. TRIAL OF THE CIIRICOA. The Curacoa, 31, screw, Captain the Hon. George A. Hastings, went out of Portsmouth harbour yesterday afternoon to prove her engines and boilers, and after taking a few turns through Spithead, describing a circle in her own wake, turning her astern, &c., she steamed for the measured mile at Stokes Bay ; and although this is not to be considered as the official trial, owing to some trifling derangement in one of the pumps, yet the trial was of suf ficient interest to show that Curacoa may take her station in the van of screw frigates. The engines were made by the Messrs. Maudslay, known as their high cylinder double piston patent rod-engines, each of 175-horse nominal power (represented by Mr. Henry Mandalay). Nothing could be more beautiful than the working of these engines, at from 1G to 20 lb. pressure, averaging 61 revolutions, and with out hot bearings, the engine•room not exceeding the tem perature of 87, and the stoke-hole, after seven hours' fires, 101. , The results after four hours, with and against the tide, were as follow : First Turn with the Tide. Knots. N 7 I. A 4m.28 s. 13.6 Second Turn against the Tide. 2.36. 9 6m.40 s. 9 2.42.49 Third Run with the Tide. 2.55.23 t 12.413 3. 0.14 Fourth Run against the Tide 3.15. 4 t 3.21.40 f 9.113 So that, hor average will be seen to have realised 11 knots per hour ; and this at her draft of 17.6 feet aft, and 14.4 forward, making her 3 feet 2 inches by the stern. ARRIVAL OF THE HOLYROOD. Tho screw steam•transport Holyrood, P. G. Lovell com mander, arrived at Sheerness yesterday at 8.30 a.m., from the Baltic, landed mails and communicated with the commander -in -Chief, and left again at 10.30 a.m. fo r Deptford. The Holyrood coaled at Faro on the 16th inst., left on the 17th inst., called at Copenhagen on the 18th inst., coaled and left on the 20th inst., and called and watered at Elsinore on the 21st inst. The Pigmy sailed from Copen hagen on the same day for England. The Zephyr was then at Copenhager, getting repairs done to her boilers to en able her to come to England. The Holyrood has experi enced a very heavy passage home, having had .a continu ance of heavy gales of wind, varying from W.S.W. to W.N.W.; with a tremendous heavy cross sea running; she was frequently obliged to be sot on ahead at quarter speed. She split her foresail and wizen, and both storm sails ; she was thrown on her beamends by shipping a heavy sea upon deck, which broke fore and aft her, and shifted her bal last; she remained in that state for more than four hours, until her ballast was trimmed over. The invalid seamen say no ship of any build or shape could behave better than she did. They passed the Belieisle hospital-ship off Born holm° on tho 16th inst. at 12 at noon. It NI as then blow ing so heavy that, although they passed close by, they could not communicate. The Ilolyrood's mails were for warded from Sheerness by last night's mail. ADMIRALTY INSPECTION. Rear-Admiral Berkeley, Sir Baldwin Walker, Surveyor of the Navy, and his assistant, Mr. Watts, wore at Ports mouth yesterday, on a semi-official visit of experiment. They made an inspection of the progress of the ships build ing in that dockyard, and it appears to be an evident de sire to get the three-decker Marlborough, 131, ready for launching and the reception of her machinery by March next; also the conversion for the screw of the three-decker Royal Sovereign, 120, and the completion of the Shannon screw, 60, if possible, during the present financial year. These officers, with the Port Admiral (Sir Thomas Cochrane, K.C.8.), Admiral Superintendent Martin, Captain Sir Thomas Maitland, C. 8., of the Excellent, and a large number of officers of various ranks, were engaged yesterday afternoon in making some experiments in shot practice from a 32-pounder gun, mounted in slighter moored about 300 yards from a target made of four-inch iron (star lings), to test the effect the shot would have upon it, as there wore some scientific French officials present who are of opinion that shot would break to pieces if fired at close distance. This opinion arose from the expressed intention of the Admiralty to plate with iron the bows of some of the gun-boats now building. From the practice yesterday no conclusion could fairly be drawn, the firing having been but poor and the effects meagre. Several shot fell under the target ; others struck the lower part, one or two the iron plate (seven feet square) ; no shot was se ,, n to break to pieces or go through the target. Another target is under construction in the dockyard, which will represent about 18 feet of the section of a ship, with bolts fastenings, &c. This will be also coated with iron and erected for experiment. Professional observers say it would make a gun-boat too heavy at the bows. THE NIGHT ATTACK AT CHATHAM. The night attack of the lines at Chatham is not to take place, as was reported. The works will remain as they are until a fitting opportunity for carrying on the operations by surprise. The large crowds that assemble in the day time render the operations dangerous, but a crowd in the night time would be ten times more so, and interrupt the exercises, which cannot be properly carried on except by the military. MILITARY. DUBLIN, SEPT. 26.—Agreeably to a route received from the Quartermaster•General'a-office, Dublin Castle, the 54th depot will leave this garrison in the following order, viz. : —First division, under the command of Captain Wood and Ensign Whyte, with four sergeants and seventy rank and file, will march from the Linen Hall Baracks to-day (Tues day), at four p.m., to the North Wall, where they will embark for Glasgow. The second division, under the com mand oflajor Smith, with Captains Millar and Sweeten haM, Lieutenants Bayley and Swann, Ensigns Bentham, L Galbraith, awl e3riok a Adjutant Shifter, sad Assistant, MISCELLANEOUS. The Admiral of the Fleei, Sir, t ,Tho,pas Byam Martin, G.C.8., much better, at the resAdence of Rear-Admiral Superintendent Martin, iu Portsmouth Dockyard, who has also recovered from his recent indisposition, and returned to his duties. Seventy labourers for the Keyhsm works and 12 ship wrights for the dockyard are ordered to be entered at Ply mouth. A singular fact occurred on board the Miranda, which may prove useful and instructive. In the case of King Marshall, the ordinary seaman who was killed in the bom barding of Solovetskoi by a 61b. grapeshot, the shot entered in the centre of the breast, just above the region of the heart. He had a thick worsted comforter tied round his neck outside a black silk handkerchief, that was tied in a reef knot with the two ends hanging down about a foot. The comforter was four times thick. The shot went through all the parts of the comforter, but carried the silk handkerchief before it, driving it through under the blade bone of the shoulder : both parts were through quite six inches, and when taken out and opened there was not the slightest cut or rent in it. It has been preserved. This is considered to be a most strange occurrence, perfectly un accountable. • MR. MACGREGOR'S SPEECH Ar GLASGOW. We promised to recur to the speech which Mr. Macgregor delivered to his constituents at Glasgow on Thursday last. There are, as we yesterday re marked, portions of the hon. gentleman's address which are well deserving the attention of the pub lic. The manner in which Mr. Macgregor was re ceived by so large and intelligent a constituency as that of Glasgow, concluding, as the proceedings of the evening did, by a cordial vote of confidence, must have been to the hon. gentleman an ample reward for the legislative labours which he had to go through during the sessiun lately closed. That, however, is a matter which is chiefly of interest to the representative and the represented. What we wish to invite attention to is, some observations which fell from the hon. gentleman on questions of great national and European importance. The reference which Mr. Macgregor made to the alliance between France and England, which it is to be hoped will be lasting as these two coun tries themselves, possesses a special interest from the circumstance of the hon. gentleman having been on terms, not only of intimacy, but of friendship, with Louis Napoleon when an exile in this country. " The alliance," said the member for Glasgow, " between England and France was a most blessed thing for the liberties and civilisation of Europe. It was his good fortune to be on terms of acquaintance with Louis Napo leon when he was an exile in this country. His house in London was one of ..the few houses he visited. He did not boast of this; but he valued the sentiments Louis Napoleon entertained •with regard to a perpetual alliance with this country— au alliance which would constitute the greatest epoch in the history of civilisation. He knew it was the desire of the Emperor to bind the people of the two countries together by material interests, and to do away with those commercial and mer cantile restrictions which had so long existed, and of which the Bourbons, and especially Louis Philippe, were the greatest supporters. The Em peror of the French knew it was the best policy he could pursue. It would unite the people of Prance and England in close intimacy with each other, for the advancement of social progress and the culti vation of all the virtues which adorn humanity. He knew, also, that by so doing he would bind them together by the strongest of ad ties—that of mate rial interests. The French required many of our products, and we required many of theirs. We taxed their wines and some other articles too high. Let us meet on fair terms. He had reason to be lieve that shall be before long." " The alliance between France and England is a most blessed thing." Wo cordially echo the sen timent, and it will be re-echoed by the people of every country in the civilised world, however much it may be execrated by despotic rulers. So long as the Western Powers are knit together in the bonds of a cordial union, neither country can have aught to fear from the royal absolutists on the con tinent. It is no unmeaning phrase, that France and England united can smile defiance at a world in arms. The Czar is just now having some little -taste of this. It is to bo hoped that before long ho will have a still beiOer proof afforded him that the phrase is something more than a mere rhetorical flourish. Nor can we doubt that the existing alliance be tween France and England will be as enduring as it is cordial. It is not a more union of the Govern ments. In that case we might not have much faith in its permanency ; but it is happily a union of the, peoples of the two countries. The alliance is be tween the French and the English nations, and it is not therefore bible to be broken up with any governmental or dynastic changes which may take place. Mr. Macgregor entered into an elaborate and able vindication of the present Government from the attacks which have been m a d e upon it, on the assumption that it had resolved on assisting the Austrians to put down the Hungarians, in the event of their rising against their oppressors in the pre sent troubled state of Europe. The defence of Mr. Macgregor was complete, but we must say that it was altogether unnecessary. We cannot believe that any sane man ever for a moment allowed him self to suppose it possible that Ministers seriously contemplated anything of the kind. We have often arraigned the foreign policy of Ministers, but certainly we should never have dreamt of charging them with an intention to aid Austria in putting down an insurrection in Hungary, in the event of one taking place in that country. No British Ministry, be their politics Whig, Tory, or Radi cal, will ever be so unwise as to interfere in the domestic affairs of any other country, much less to interfere as the friends and abettors of despotism. Such a Ministry would, by that one act, inflict a fatal blow on itself. It would not survive a week. There is one part of Mr. Macgregor's speech from which we altogether differ. He lays down the principle that no country ought ever to go to war that cannot pay the yearly expenses of that war out of its yearly revenue. " I want," said the hon. gentleman, "to say one or two words with regard to the taxation of the last session ; and when I speak of that taxation, we came to the resolution that it was much more wise for us to pay the expenses of the year during the year, and be done with it, than to add to the already too heavy national debt of this country, I know that the taxation for the present year must be very high, but I believe ours was the wisest course of policy ; and in one of the addresses of one of the greatest men I have ever read of—George Washington—he says, ' Never make a war unless you pay the expenses within the year.' You have not the power to consult posterity with regard to the justice of the war, and you ought never to tax people without consulting them. It was on these grounds that we made up our minds in the House of Commons to raise the expenses within the year. I believe that it will soon come back to your pockets by extending the commerce of the country, and that it will be seen that the Govern ment have done right in acting as they have done." This is all very fine in appearance, but it will not bear the test of examination. Mr. Macgregor's principles never can be carried out. We are sure he cannot mean seriously to lay it down as an axiom, from which there must never be a devia tion—that under all circumstances the annual ex penses of a war ought to be paid out of a country's yearly revenue. Has it never occurredto him that such a thing would be both morally and financially impossible ? And what, we should like to know, ,2' the period since they last had an opportunity to report to the members, at the special general meeting held in 1851. This gratification, felt at all times, and by most men when able to surrender a faithful account of the discharge of those duties which had devolved upon them, is greatly heightened by your committee being able, from their ex perience drain.. these 3 years, to report t o th e members a continuance of the success, although of a somewhat less ened character to that which they had hitherto been able f i p show as the result or working out this system of mutual insurance. Your committee feel that they should err, did they not notice that the capital of your association has considerably fallen off during two of these years. This has arisen not Loin any suiriutniuss or unwillingness manifested by ship owners to insure in your society, but from the many and repeated losses cf vessels formerly insured, and owing also in part to the fact, that during the long trial of the various political struggles between Free Trade and Proteition, commercial and other men hesitated before they would again invest their money in this species of property. Your committee rejoices, however, at the same time, to observe that the long-looked-for re-action in shipping did take place in the autumn of 1853, and that the more remu nerating freights which were obtained, did induce some persons again to look to his property as being fairly remu nerative in which to embark their money, and that as a natural consequence, the capital of your association has shown indications of again reaching the point at about s which , 12it hadln to 750 itstood fa s le ome years, 4,s Ifoit rose that in w 85h1ilst3 and 85 in 1 8 15 1 174 5 c 5 , 2 im ,5 m 50 i / t . t ; ce a fi nc u l d i t is with c the sum onsiderable alreadysatisf satisfaction that uponyottr _ your deed for 1851 and 1855. The most important part of this report is, of course to shew th e ra t e a t which the vessels standing in their re spentire,classes have been insured, and your committee • would call p ar ti cu l a r attention to these rates alf e oll2ws : For the y ears 1851 a nd 1652. E.:l r 5 Cent. For C nt For v esse l s i nsured i n Cl ass A 1 Ditto ClassCias A A .... ..... 51 0 Ditto For th e years 1852 and 1853. 23 For vessels insured in Class A 1 8 2 0 Ditto Class A 2 10 0 0 Ditto Class A 3 13 2 0 And for the years 1853 and 1854. For vessels insured in Class A 1 4 15 0 Ditto • Class A 2 5 10 0 Ditto cl ass A 3 7 0 0 It will be seen that the rate of insurance for the year 1852 and 1853 is unfortunately the highest ever paid since the establishment of your association, and no wonder, when it is generally admitted that this was the most disastrous year amongst shipping ever known. There were, besides, even a greater number th an th e usual list of casualties and claims for damages, six total losses. Some of these vessels formed as good property as any insured in your associa tion, and covered too as large sums as allowed by y ou r rules. • In the other two years happily only two, total losse s i n each year.occurred. Not Withstanding these adverse cir cumstances, the greater gratification is felt by your com mittee from the fact that the rate of insurance for the whole 13 years the association has been in existence has only reached . _ 41. 103.11 d. per Cent. for vessels insured in Class A 1. 51. lls. 61.175. 101 d. To make mention of praiseworthy conduct on the part of any commanders of vessels insured in this association is a duty not a little pleasing to your committee, and they have had under their notice during these three years two or three instances of very excellent management by captains whose vessels have more or less been placed in situations of difficulty; and yet, by the energy, perseverance, and cou rage of these commanders, y our association has been called upon to contribute to averages far less than must other wise have been the case but for their exertions ; and to mark their sense and approval of such conduct, your com mittee have presented small gratuities to the masters and crews of the Magnet, the Muta, and to the master of the Janet Sherman. It is right now to notice, that, in the discharge of their duties as your committee, it is scarcely possible but that in the numerous instances of damage and losses by " col lisions" at sea, "collisions" at law will sometimes arise— and several cases have required the grave and mature con sideration of your committee ; therefore, without enume rating more, it is well the members should know that one case in,the year 1851 and 1852, and one during this last year. have been the subject of a long and tedious trial in the High Court of Admiralty. Both cases were surrounded by difficulties of no ordinary character,—especially the first—that of the Amphitrite, insured by Mr. Cackow and others ; which vessel, when on her homeward .voyage from the Mediterranean, was run down by a large Norwegian barque; the other, that of the Adam Clarke, insured by Mr. Brooks of Mistley, also required the greatest care and watchfulness in conducting it to an issue. Fortunately both these trials resulted in favour of your association, a result mainly obtained by tho unceasing attention personally given to them by your secretary, and by the knowledge and experience possessed by him in the practice of the Court of Admiralty, coupled with the able advice and assistance of the proctors into whose hands your secretary and committee always entrust these suits. That the members may know more fully and appreciate what is here stated, a saving of not less than 1,200/. to 1,403/. has been made to the association in these two cases. In conclusion, your committee rests satisfied that the experience obtained by tho working of this association during tho 137 ears now completed fully justifies its being established—that the anticipations indulged in at that time have been fully realised, and to a much larger extent perhaps than was to have been expected. And it is not any unfair confirmation of these sentiments, to note to the members generally that many similar societies for insuring property upon this mutual plan have been established in London and other parts of the kingdom ; and whilst, naming this, your committee refers to it more in , con firmation of their belief of the desirableness there is to 1 maintain in our own port so useful and valuable an insti tution. The success attending your association has been in part achieved by the united co-operation and endeavours of your committee, assisted by the able, practical, and nauti cal judgment possessed by some of them; but their endeavours would have failed greatly had it not been for the zeal and attention constantly given by your secre tary to the discharge of his duties, no less than for the prudent and solicitous care he takes that expenses (legal expenses especially) should be avoided, without good grounds exist for their being incurred. Your committee cannot entertain too high an estimate of such services; and coupled with them are to be included, in like honour able mention, the able, consistent, and practical judgment and watchfulness of your surveyor, by whose ability and faithful attention to the sur.rey and inspection of ships offered for insurance, and also of those continued upon your deed from year to year, so much benefit and security to your association have been obtained. And your com mittee doubts not these sentiments will be fillip shared in by the members at large. After a few remarks upon the Report, the PRESIDENT stated that it was the determination of the Committee, in all cases which came before them, not only to give equity and justice, but liberality. (Hear, hear.) Many advantages were attached to this society not to be found in others. In the loss of anchors and chains, and other minor parts of a ship's stores, remuneration was alwaye made for such loss. He would now propose that they drink " Success to the Ipswich Maritime Association." (Loud cheers.) With reference to the rate of insurance, while theirs was only 41. 10s. 11d., other societies in various parts of the kingdom were as high as 1 4, 15, and oven 20 per cent. for their first-class property. The PRESIDENT gave the health of Mr. Clarkson, of London, the proctor of the association, with thanks to bhn for his courtesy in coming amongst them. (Cheers.) 'Mr. CLARKSON acknowledged the compliment, and stated the pleasure he felt in meeting the company ; at the same time expressing the pleasure he should always feel in promoting the interests of the association. (Cheers.) . Mr. COBBOLD proposed " Prosperity to the Commerce, Manufactures, and Trades of Ipswich," coupling with it the names of Messrs. W. Bayley and C. H. Cowell, (Applause.) There was a time, said the hon. gentle man, when the town was in a state of great depression, but lie firmly believed it was now in a state of progres sive prosperity. (Hear, hear.) And he also was of opinon that the shipbuilders, at that moment, were em ploying as great a number of hands as upon any previous occasion. He did most sincerely hope that the town would continue to prosper. Mr. BAYLEY and Mr. COWELL briefly responded. Mr. E. LAWRANCE, in rising to propose- the next toast, said he did not expect to be called from his usu ally obscure position to take so prominent a part in the proceedings of the evening. He always felt some diffi dence in proposing toasts, but the nature of the one he • held in his hand relieved him from many difficulties, which, perhaps, in any other matter he should have laboured under. He believed he was the oldest in the present company, and with nerves unstrung and recol lections fresh, he did not but feel himself flattered by the compliment. The toast was—" The Merchant Navy of Great Britain," especially that part which belonged to the port of Ipswich. (Loud cheers.) He begged t o couple with the toast the name of Mr. Cuckow. (Cheers.) Mr. CUCKOW returned thanks. The PRESIDENT gave the health of the Vice-President of the Committee of Management of the Wet Dock, Geo. Josselyn, Esq.—(cheers)—and 'spoke in higiaterms of the valuable services of that gentleman in promoting the welfare of Ipavhch. Mr. JOSSELYN replied by saying, he had always a high opinion of mall meetings as the present, as it brought old friends together. (Hear.) He would propose "The health of the Visitors to Ipswich," unitintwith it the n wk a ianm n s i d e ar a. ofsGro reception crßec r p . ett Geo.yioi :great r: B eo iam a nt y ley, of London. (C h toast, e e ru. ) said it 1 aweiatrhl yiaphte,likeassnieupwrselwectlichoginliginitht: m :, w FO A s-o -native tow eß n e , tue a ta nd the earliest ass ocie fri tt s e . of l hia t wa y s ou h tt w pr e e r s e en eo t. nn 50anydes7. i s t n h eaodmpe passed e t d h o s se inee he t r en w . Ipswich bad to him a peculiar charm. It was not the beauty of the scenery, the regularity of its streets, or the uniformity of its buildings, that attracted him. It was, in fact, his native place. (Applause.) He felt an inward pleasure when going over the pages of history, to see aaention made of the obscure town of Ipswich. li e was \ happy to hear it was in so prosperous a condition, and he eaornneemstluychhoipnedimitprowovninldg g t o he on b . uild (H o e f ar s . h ) ips l ra wi nd ela w h i a th d d which the name of Gower was earl y associated. (Hear. ) The PRESIDENT proposed "The health of A. Cobbold, Esq., the Secretary to the Society," and thanks to him for his valuable services. ( A pp lause. ) M r . A. COBBOLD responded, and said he should al ways feel great pleasure in giving his humble services for the benefit of the association. (Hear, hear.) Mr. LAWRANCE, after F peaking in high terms of the intellectual skill of Mr. Hurwood, the engineer of the Ipswich Wet Dock, proposed that gentleman's henith. (Cheers.) Mr. HunWOOD acknowledged in suitable terms. Mr. CHRISTOPHERSON gave "The Committee of M la a. st nagement," which Mr. Goddard acknowl e d ge d. The PRESIDENT shortly after propos e d "Th e L adies, " which was warmly received, and this being the toast, the President vacated his seat, and the comp an y soon after broke up. We cannot close our report without adding our testi mony to the admirable dinner supplied by Mr. Taylor, the landlord of the Viiie. The most fastidious could not desire a repast of a better description. The wines were excellent, and the desert of the choia t i e t dowiptien. [PRICE SD. duce similar results here, should a sort-sighted parsij pony induce our agriculturists to persevere in thei attempt to reduce the hire of which no labourer is more worthy than our toiling hinds. We need scarcely add that the reason assigned for the proposed reduction is a direct• argumenj for an increase. As an abundant har.l . vest enables the farmer to afford to pay more wages, so a reduction in the cost of living, by rendering the labourer more independent, places him in a condition to demand an improvement in the terms of his contract with his employer. And this would cure the evil, but for this disturbing force in the legitimate and natural operation of economical principles—th a t the farmer is substantially the relieving officer, and refuses at the parish pay-table to give any man relief who refuses to work at the price the farmer chooses, in his wisdom, to fix in his owh mind as the wages he may consider it reasonable to offer. We repeat our proposition, that' before fixing the rate of wages the employer is bound to answer this plain question—" How can any man live decently upon the money you give him ?" If he cannot —if you propose to play the Pharoah among your work men, and to ask Athear to make bricks without straw, ; beware of fastening upon poor human nature a burden; greater than it can bear.—Dispatch, IPSWICH MARITIME INSURANCE •AtSOCIATION. A dinner to celebrate the anniversary of. this Associa tion, was held at, the Vine Inn, on Friday last. P. A. Sheppard, Esq., most ably filled the office of president, supported 'by Alfred - Cobbold, Esq., vice- 1 president. Among the - company present were, J. C. Cobbold, Esq., M.P., the Mayor (C. F. Gower, Esq.), T. B. RosS, Esq., George Josselyn, -Esq., J.' Clarkson, Esq., of London.(proctor of the Association), E. God dard, Esq., W. Bayley, Esq., George Bayley, Esq., of London ; S. A. Notcutt, Esq., R. Sheppard, Esq., John Christie, Esq., Hurwood, Esq., E. _Lawrence, Esq., E. Yarrington ' Esq., Captain Garrod (surveyor to the Association) ; W. Taylor, jun., Esq., (surveyor to Lloyd) ; Captain Rowe, Captain Dowson, Woodbridge ; Captain Pratt, Colchester ; Messrs. G. Christopherson, H. Ridley, Clarkson, jun., R Hobson," W. Bayley, jun., Bantoft, Beaumont, J. May, Walton Turner, W. Bookes, Mistley ; Stapnard, Nayland ; R. Paul, Hass- ' gar, G. Patteson, London ; C. H. Cowell, Harvey, &e. Grace having been said, and the cloth removed, the President gave in succession, " the Queen," " Prince Albert," " the Royal Family," " the Army and Navy," and " the Bishop and Clergy of the Diocese," all of which were most cordially received by the company. The PRESIDENT, in giving the next toast, said, the names of the two gentlemen whose health he was about to propose were too well known and appreciated by the company to need any comment from him. He need only mention the names of 3. C. Cobbold, Esq., and H. E. Adair, - Esq., the members for the borough, to meet from the company a hearty reception.. (Cheers.) Mr. Cobbold had always identified himself with the Association, even from its commencement, and he was always to be found foremost in any matter connected with the welfare of the town. (Hear, hear.) J. C. COBBOLD, Esq., M.P., rose amid much cheer ing. After thanking the company for the honour paid him, he said he much regretted the absence of his col league, who he was sure would have been too happy to be present on such an occasion, to express his feelings of interest in the welfare of the association. (Hear, hear.) He feared that from the long connection and intimacy which had existed between himself and the chairman, it had led him to speak 'too highly of him, and more than he deserved. (No,. no.) It was true that from the first he had taken an interest in the asso ciation, but there were those who had more exerted themselves in its welfare than himself. The society, from its commencement, always appeared to him to be in a more prosperous position than others of a similar nature in the kingdom. It was, he thought, to be attri buted to the good ships in the harbour and their expe rienced commanders. (Hear, hear.). He need not say that the interest of the shipowner was a very great thing with him, though he was not a very large ono himself. Still he felt an interest, and a very great one, in it. He thought he had been a very great claimant upon the society, for his success in shipping had not been very great ; but still he did not despair. (Hear, hear.) After alluding to the great good arising from intercourse withContinentaUppwers, the hon. member resented . his seat amid.much applause. The PRESIDENT then gave " the Mayor and Members of the Corporation," which was warmly received. The MAYOR briefly acknowledged tha toast, and said in his earlier life his connection with shipping was far greater . than at the present time ; but he felt an interest in it still. It give him great pleasure to hear of the prosperous state of the association,. which had his beat wishes. (Hear, hear.) It was far better than sending their money to other parts for insurance companies, because the profit arising therefrom was distributed iu the town. It was, he considered, a great advantage to the town to have a society connected with it like the present. Like Mr. Cobbold, he had not been very suc cessful in the shipping business • and his opinion was that those who desired to enter die trade should do so at once, and not by piecemeal, for it they did they would find their money went out fast enough, and the interest did not come in. (Laughter.) EBENEZER GODDARD, Esq., said, I rise to propose a toast which I feel assured will be received with all the cordiality and kindness which it deserves. It is the health of the• gentleman presiding over this meet ing, and in conjunction with that toast, I have a most gratifying duty to perform, which is to present, 'in the name of the Ipswich Maritime Association, the service of plate now before you as a tribute of our personal esteem and regard to that gentleman, and also to testify our appreciation of his services in the very able manner he has for a series of years discharged the duties devol ving upon him as chairnian of the committee of manage ment. Those gentlemen who have co-operated with him in the executive of this association, can bear their testimony to his indefatigable labours, and his untiring exertions to advance the interests of this society, and to extend • the benefits which it was formed to promote. Around me, I observe many gentlemen who have at all times manifested a lively interest in all that pertains to the prosperity of the trade and commerce of the town and port of Ipswich, but who are not immediately con cerned in the shipping property of the port ; I trust, therefore, I may be excused in very briefly referring to the origip, establishment; and success of this association, It is now some fourteen years since, that it occurred to Mr. Sheppard and a few other gentlemen connected with our port (whom I am glad to see here to-night), that a Maritime Insurance Society, founded on the principle of Mutual Insurance, might, with advantage to the shipowners of this and the adjacent ports, .be established here. SoCieties of this nature were at that time only in their infancy, but the result haS fully proved the soundness of the principles upon which this society was based. I may instance, as a proof of the saving effected by this mode of insurance, that instead of paying from six to ten guineas premium per cent. to underwriters at adistance, we have through this society been enablel to effect our insurances upon an average at about 4& per cent. ; thus many thousands of pounds which would otherwise have been paid to strangers have been retained in our town. This society was, I believe, the first of its kind established in this part of the kingdom, and the success which has attended it has led to the formation of many kindred societies, both in London and the outpOrts, the rules and regulations by which this society is governed forming the fundamental princi ples of many of those societies. Gentlemen, it is un necessary for me further to trespass upon your time, but I cannot sit down without expressing the conviction I feel of the great obligation under which the society is laid to its Chairman for that energy and business tact which he has at all times thrown/into the management of its affairs ; and I know I am but giving utterance to the feelings of my brother committee-men in the hope that his life and health may long be continued to preside over the deliberations of the executive committee, to devote his abilities for the public weal, and to live in the enjoymentnf the esteem. mad friendship of his fellow citizens. Gentlemen, I have much pleasure in giving you "The health of the Chairman." Mr. SEtErisAnDrose under considerable evident emo tion, and said, if he experienced a difficulty in discharg. ing his duty in a former part of the evening, what must he feel at the present moment, when he saw before him such a testimonial of their kindness and generosity He could not but feel . proud of this especial Mark of the ap preciation of his humble . services, but at the same time it chided him for not being able to say that those ser vices were adequate ,to their kindness and liberality. Though he 14cl taken a deep interest in the society, yet it wouid have been nothing had it not been for the co. operation of many of those who were present on that occasion. He could not say much, for,he felt it difficult to express the sentiments of his heart for their kindness. (Hear, hear.) He, however, hoped he should long be spared to unite his humble endeavours to promote the prosperity of his native town. (Cheers.) He did feel an interest in that town, and though his services must be at all times limited, yet they might rest assured that he would do all he could, to the best of his ability, to merit their approbation. (Hear, and cheers.) The testimonial was placed on the table, and con sisted of a coffee-pot, teap o t, cream ewer, and sugar basin. The service was suppli e d b y Mr. Cole,'ar of the Cornhill, and we hav e no h es i tation in stating that for chaste and elegance of design, superiority and beauty of workmanship, it surpasses anything of the kind we have ever seen. It speaks much for excellent judgment and good taste in selection. The coffe-pot bore the following inscription : Presented to bANIEL ALFRED SHEPPARD ES@-, By the " Ipswich Maritime Association," In testimony of their esteem for him, as their Chairman, in promoting the general interests of the Association. 22d September, 18n The PRESIDEN'2, after a brief introduction, read the following report :-- It is with considerable gr atification that yo ur committee is now abl e , a ft er t h e various losses and averages (some of which have from legal and other difficulties remained un to . „settled un til ve r y recen tly) have been assesse d and paid, lay before the members of this associa tion a condensed state ment of those subjects which have claimed their attentive consideration during the 3 re lal Il P th e 51147 ' 1654, ,~~: ~ ,~~;,,