The Sun. — London, England, 1863-10-16 00:00:00

THE CIVIL WAR IN AXERICA, (Rom the Correspondent of the Times.) NEW YORK, Oct. 2. New York held high festival yesterday. Broad way arrayed itself in banners, and the city poured Out its thousands to welcome Admiral Lisovaki and the officers of the Russian fleet. Such a recep tion as this flighty and easily excited population l oves t o g ive to anybody of sufficient note to justify the expenditure of time and money was given on this occasion ; but it was a mere copy and repeti tion of previous displays. As Kossuth was re ceived years ago, and the Prince of Wales, and the Japanese Ambassadors, and, more recently, General Corcoran, so also, with little variation in the programme, were the Russians made free of the Empire City, and bidden to share in the hos pitalities of the Corporation and of the magnates of its trade and commerce. The promoters of the gala had the good taste to confine it to its sole cue pose, the glorification of Russia, and to refrain from inviting, as they were publicly urged to do, the Bri tish and French admirals and officers now in the pert, to be sharers in the festivities. The whole :scene passed over with satisfaction to all concerned —especially to the Republican party. There is a growing impression that war between the United States and France, or Franceand England combined, is inevitable, and that under such circumstances it is well for the Americans to have a friend in the Czar. Mr. Charles Sumner declares that the Federal Government has no friend except Sw it ze rland, but all the R e p u bli cans and many o f the Democrats think the Senator in error, and are of opinion that of hat in case of E uropean comp li ca tions growing on the question o f the r ecognition of the Southern Con federacy, or any other of the possible issues of the war, the Federal Government might securely count upon the physical aid and the moral sympathy of the Emperor Alexander. An alliance offensive and defensive with Russia is the present day-dream of the Americans, which they indulge not altogether for the love and affection which they bear to the Russians, or for any community of interests between them, but for th e hate which they bear to Great Britain, which dates from the days of George III.; and for that which more recently they have begun entertain towards France for the unpardonable tob utnot easily definable sin of sympathy with the South, ag gravated by the Emperor's contempt for the Monroe doctrine, as exhibited in the affairs of Mexico, and the attempt to introduce monarchy on the North American continent. The city positively teems with rumours of fresh disasters, both at Chattanooga and Knoxville—ru mours which do not find thier way into the news papers for fear of General Dix and the Provost Marshal, but which are repeated at every corner, and tend to send up gold and depreciate stocks in Wall-street. It also begins to be seen that if Gen. Gilmore and Admiral D ihlgren cannot take Charles ton during the present month—which, judging from the oast progress of these gentlemen in their task, is not very probable—the siege will have to be abandoned, from the impossibility of maintain ing the army in health during the winter on the sandy and inhospitable shores of Morris Island, where the tents cannot stand the violence of the gales ; where everything the mon eat is gritty with sand and dust : where the water is scarce and bad ; and where fuel, if obtainable at all, can only be ob tained at heavy cost from New York, there being not so much as a shrub on the island of which to make a camp fire. But, whatever may be the good or the evil for tunes of the Republic, General Schenck persists in courting attention. He and his subordinates at Baltimore are irrepressible. Neither anger, nor con tempt, nor ridicule can teach them decency, Two new cases have just occurred which exceed in stupidity of injustice all that he and his ready in strument have hitherto perpetrated against the luckless citizens of that pleasant capital. The first in order of time is that of the Rev. Frederick Gib son, a clergyman of the Episcopal Church—a man highly esteemed in Baltimore in every relation of life. He has, it appears, been in the habit of re ceiving into his family for the purposes of education 10 to 12 young gentlemen, and as his reputation as a teacher stood high the applications for admission to his school ger° more numerous than he could ac cornmeAlete. Oa the 21st of September a General G. C. Thomas wrote to him from Washington to know whether he had a vacancy for his son. As Gen. Thomas was an officer in the Federal service, Mr. Gibson replied that he should be most happy to re„ vivo the young gentleman, bat thought it only proper to iuform the General, "in the unhappy cir eumstancee which now distract the country, that all his pupils this year without exception advocated the Southern side, and that such being the case, he did not think Gen. Thomas's son would find it plea sant to be among them." This was a privileged com munication, and ought to have been so considered by a gentleman. Gen. Thomas, however, was of a different opinion, and forwarded the document to Mr. Stanton. Mr. Stanton forwarded it to Gen. Schenck, and Gen. Schenck instructed his adjutant general, one Col. Dente Piatt, like himself a Western attorney,elevated into m ilit ary i mpor t ance by the w to do what was needful in the circumstances. Mr. Gibson was forthwith summoned into the awful presence of Col. Plait and underwent a searching cross-examination as to his political opinions. Mr. Gibson repli e d t h at in his public public character of a clergyman and a teacher he opinions what ever, and neither . preachedzpressednopolitical m politics from his pulpit nor taught them his school. Being pressed to tell wh a t hi s private opinions were he frankly admitted th at he had always i thought war ogainst the S outh to be indefensible,andththaet he heartily sympathised wi th' i ts u people. Thi s was more then enough f or D oes Platt, who an gr il y in formed Mr. Gibson that w i th an opinions h e h a d no right to be in Baltimore, or e any right at all except the right to be shot and b uried. He forth with consigned this clergy man withoutrig m hts to a co mmon cell at the rear of th e ProvostMondayte w hlast, sat ehhaa l o ffice, where he still remained on P ending Gen. Schenck's decision t ll be done with him. The next case, though less painful in itself, is scarcely less disgraceful to the egregious blockheads who g overn Baltimore. Five persons named Carr, Jordan, Kelly, and Bowhadger,plehreoohne M o nday, the 28th, brou g ht before Colonel provost M a rshal, upon the charge of drinking the Damnation to the goose that following t o ast :—" greys t h e quill that made the pen that wrote Lin - coin's coin's Proclamation of Emancipation." This was thing less than h i gh treason. In vain the culprits alleged to be nothing .protested Fish was inexorable, and that it was a good Union l sentiment. Colo nel ordered them to b e transported beyo nd the Federa l to drink the toa st if the y p leased lines into Virginia, " rebels." As it app eare d , among their friends th e however, that the business f ot : thleeset m wholly ru i ne d an d their families destituteenw ou if the decree were enforced, the offended Majesty of Colonel Fish consented to reconsider the matter. After a day's deliberation, the int erval having been well empl oye d e -e-oyed by the friends of the offenders in bringing testimonials of their previous g ood be haviour, i t crime would wa t s intimated to them that their g rievous oe overlooked this once, provided they would take oath of allegiance to that Pre sident of wh ose • Each so -quill they had spoken with such irrevsrence gnn gracious and all of them took the oath without hesitation. The Court of Appeal s of hiss decided by majority the State of N e w York that " greenback s " are a l ega l .ToBY;iae dissenting, of the judges, the Chief tender for private as well as public debts and that of the the clause in the Constitution United States which delegates to the Federal Government the sole right of " coining" money meats the r i g ht o f alprinting" money • As the case will be taken for farther adjudication to the Supreme Court o f t h e I.Taited States, the only Court that has Power to interpret the Constitution, and the highest tribunal in the country, the question is not to be considered In the meantime the argu m ent s as decided. of : g ht f in support of the right o f the Judge Wri Federal G o vernment to print as much paper as au thorise, merit the study of Eur o Co ogress may pews as well as Americans. They will serve to show into who t a financial gulf Mr. Cnase hasjumped American people after him. Judge and dragged tile Congress and the Govern , Wright is of opinion that went were justified in issuing any possible amount of paper whiel the necessities of the State might have required or will yet require, for the re, on that the money in gold and silver accessary to carry on the war for the "life of the nation" co d not have been borrowed if the civilised world d been ran sacked for the purpose. " That Congress judged wisely," he adds, (l the astonishing success that has attended the issues:of this money fully proves. All loyal citizens have prospered immensely by the Act of Congress which declared greenbacks a legal ten der. Such a thing as pecuniary distress in the loyal States on account of the war, or by reason of the financial measures of the Government, has not been heard of. If the national life were to be preserved, • more money was required than had eve r been coined at the national Mint, and at the time the Act was passed, four times greater in amo unt than all the gold and silver coin in the country. The money had to be borrowed, and it was borr owed from the American a dmonished of the frightful people. We have bee n , conseque nces in the future to r esult from an irredeem ;ble paper currency, based on the credit of the nit , inlv figments of the imagination , weiv !lilt if all the evi ls so stron g l y p ictured, and t w io h n iCh are to occur, how ,:teignificant they would all be in corn parion withnifin struction of our Government. If this magnificent verni -ental structure of ours falls, e e it will matter little that in effort to save it, not thet gdo only disorder, but ruin, were brought on the com mercial and monetary interests of the cotaltry." The Judge may be a patriot, but he is certainly not a financier, or a political economist. Any common Jones or R.Thinson,issuing his irredeemable promises to pay and renewing his bills ad infinitum, might support his system by the same arguments. It is necessary to him, Jones or Robinson, that his life be preserved ; his life cannot be preserved without money; the coin that he can borrow will not meet his wants by three-fourths; therefore he will pay his way with paper. lie will not only be prosper ous himself while his paper circulates, but every body who takes it and passes it to his neighbour will be prosperous also—while confidence lasts. Mats apres? Jones will shrug his shoulders if you ask him ; Robinson will do the same, and so also will the Federal Government and Judge Wright. The system is beautiful while it lasts, and if confi dence could only be made permanent would be beau tiful for ever. Unluckily, however, the day of reckoning comes. The holders of greenbacks will sometime or other expect coin for them ; and as, according to the showing of the judge, there will not be coin enough in the country or to be got out • of the civilised world to effect the liquidation —even within 75 per cent. of the nominal value—there will be a commercial crash such as the world has seldom seen. But the Judge thinks such a result a mere trifle. Perhaps, if at the day of reckoning he has 100,000 in greenbacks, and no other property, real or personal, he may awaken to the melancholy con viction that irredeemable paper is not quite such a blessing as he now considers it. Utilisation of the London Sewage. A public meeting of the ratepayers and inhabi tants of St. Marylebone was held in the Court house, Marylebone-lane, last night, to consider the subject of the utilisation of the London sewage— Dr. Brady, M.P., the chairman of the select com mittee on the sewage of towns, presiding. In consequence of the wet weather the meeting was not well attended. The CHAIRMAN said he had devoted considerable attention to the subject of the utilisation of the sewage of towns, which was of the greatest impor tance to the community at large, but when he brought it first under the notice of the House of Commons he had no idea that he had undertaken so difficult a task. It had over and over again been called the unsolved question of social progress, but why, he was at a loss to understand. It had also been designated the ass's bridge of social mathema tics, but nothing was easier than to pass over that bridge. (A laugh.) A large amount of evidence was taken before the select committee, and with the ex ception of that given by those who were interested in artificial manure,it all tended to show that sewage, if properly applied to land, would be a most valu able manure as regarded almost every description of crops. The different agricultural societies through out the country had also given testimony to the same effect, but an enormous influence was exercised by the artificial manure interest in almost every market town in England, in order to depreciate the value of sewage as a manure, and it was therefore most desirable that the public should be enlightened on that question. There could be no doubt that by proper utilisation of sewage the ratepayers would be largely benefited in a pecuniary sense. He then alluded to the experiment made by the commission at Rugby, and said that though he would not go so far as to call it humbug, it was anything but what it should have been. The land had never been prepared for the application of sewage, and the experiment was therefore fallacious, as it could have led to no other result bat failure. As the sewage was their property, as rate ' payers, they ought to see that it was turned to profitable account,and with that view they should first have the whole matter thoroughly discussed, (Hear, hear.) Mr. HEALY referred to legatees in which sewage had enormously increased to productive powers of land in Lincolnshire, and said he looked upon the London sewage as a mine of wealth to the rate payers. A large manufacturer of artificial manure had told him that utilisation of sewage " went against the grain," which amounted to a confession of its value, and he (Mr. Healy) believed that if the whale sewage of the metropolis were converted into manure the cost of main drainage works would be next to nothing. He concluded by moving the fol lowing resolution :—" That this meeting, in view of the evidence laid before the Select Committee of the House of Commons on the sewage of towns, and of the analysis of the metropolitan sewage made by Messrs. Hoffmann and Wilt, is of opinion that the metropolitan sewage is a manure valuable for all crops, and that it can be profitably utiiised. That its profitable utilisation depends upon its applica tion in a liquid form, in moderate dressings, over a • large area; and that any other mode will be finan cially unproductive. And, further, that a plan based upon the foregoing principles and conditions is the only one which offers any prospect of a sub stantial reduction of local taxation." The motion s. . Laving BURN, been seconded by Mr. BLACK- Igo o f thevna:lit:oil:Tr: Mr. SLAM' said VMS from n value Practical Ei experienceu a Equal to 5 ,otohoa, that it o gave v year. he believed that the sewage of London enormous amount of a short He knew fro matter,and,in nourishment t to all vegetable miraculous on land t me, its effect had been almost twould h a p d u rimfey Thames , eta dra ina ge One great advant 0 which it had been applied. £3,000,000 would be the the was £s,ooo, ooo thai and out of lat cal cu lated sys temt then be produced in that" of g 34 which would streams which ran into it. n ?ble river and the Within h• ledge, a man somela own know years ago or eight salmon at a ha u l i n different to take six river above Chelsea•bridge, end rent a fries Parts of the d o ne opposite Strawberry -hill weighin once c aug h t he sold to a fishmonger in Jermyo.sgtr6Olb., whi c h et for £25. Formerly the fishermen in the villag es ai l banks of the riv er were v ery properous , b ° ut g a t O 1 :: t h e ir occupation had almost gone, owin g to - i ; "ty of the water, and during impuzi the winter their families were obiiged to rely ,hey and parochial relief. He had recently visited th e out fall of the main dra in at Plumstead Marshes, and when within a q u arter of a mite of the plac e h e happened to in hale the abom inable E ffl u via from an artificial manure manufact ory, which made him BO ill that he was unab le to t ake food for a long time afterwards. Dr. BACHHOFFNER said that having deeply studied the question before the meeting, and made many experiment s in regard to it, he had no doubt whateNer that the sewage of the metrop olis and of the whole of Eng land was a very valu able commo dity, gear, cou ld not en tear, hear.) H e , h owe ver, c dorse th e b 9 applied principle that it could only profitably I • the ab n a liquid for m , especially in sence of ally evidence moved, to that effect, and as 411 amend ment, that the latter part of the zoo- THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 16, 186 g. IUtiGII, from the word " valuable," should be struck out. The amendment having been seconded, Mr. BAXTER LANGLEY, a member of the Sewage of Towns Association, in supporting the original re solution, said there was no hostility on the part of that association towards the Metropolitan Board of Works, their only object being to thoroughly ventilate the subject, and to arouse the attention of the ratepayers to it, as it affected their pack e t s . If they took the sewage of London se only worth 2d. per ton, that would reduce the local taxation o ver the whole area by 63. Bd. in th e p oun d , or I g h e t a r had,a s hear.) t e h a n e r oy . t ) nlßoard a one-third of w adt h tte a hr t ate th xt e ha y eet theydf Wo r kso ought, concession of the se wage t o a part i cular made treated ad co mp l a i ned the e m a p c o la n gentleman which they were ultimately obliged to withdraw, a circumstance calculated to shake the confidence of the public in the action of that board on this question. Dr. BACHHOFFNER deprecated a personal attack upon the board, and called Mr. Langley to order. Mr. IYIFFANGER denied that the proposal for a concession to the gentleman mentioned had been approved of by the board, and said that, on the con trary, it was, after discussion, rejected. Mr. LANGLEY contended that, in the first instance the concession was for all practical purposes granted. He then replied to the objection that the London sewage was too diluted to be valuable for manure, and said he had received a letter stating that near Watford sewage was used all the year round, and that it was diluted still more before it was applied to the land. The people who opposed the utilisa tion of sewage were, without exception, either arti ficial manure manufacturers or persons in their employ ; and to show that the former had a great personal interest in the matter, he stated that four or five firms were realising from the sale of artificial manure sums unequalled by the incomes of peers of the realm. The amendment was then negatived, and the resolution carried. Mr. BURTON then moved-.." That the agricultural value of sewage as a manure is only to be correctly ascertained from the results obtained from those who have used it for years, not for the purpose of proving anything, but simply to obtain by its as sistance the largest and most profitable return in their crops. This meeting, therefore, disapproves of all experiments, no matter by whom conducted , initiated merely for the purpose of proving or dis proving its value." The resolution, after a few words from the seconder and Mr. Nicholay, was also carried, and a vote Of thanks to Dr. Brady for presiding concluded the proceedings. kau having been determined upon, something induced one member of the Ministry to alter the whole arrangement, and to place arms and ammunition in the hands of these natives. The public feeling, however, was too strong to permit such an act—looked upon by the people as suicidal —to be proceeded with ; the naval brigade, who were to pro ceed in company with these natives to search for the rebel canoes, refused to proceed with them if they were armed, and the matter was finally brought to an issue by an influ ential body of citizens waiting upon the Governor to remon strate with him upon the impolicy of the act. This led to the summary disarming of the Maories, who did not appear much to relish the loss of their Enfield rifles and ammu nition. On the 17th July, the first encounter between the natives of Waikato and her Majesty's forces took place, and curi ously enough, two attacks were made on the same day, one by each party. On the Sunday before General Cameron had pushed his advanced guard across the Maungatawhiri t C o r e b ek et , h w e h b i c o h u n r d u a n r s into e t h b e e I t N V v a e e i k n a t t o h Re nativei ver , andand d m a yb e Europeansai d country. The advance was not made a day too soon, as it has since been ascertained that in a few hours, had he de layed so long, the natives would have taken up such a posi tion as would have rendered an advance a work of great dif ficulty, as the landing on the native side of the Maungata whiri Creek is a very difficult and slow undertaking. Hav ing crossed the creek, the troops advanced a short distance, and threw up redoubts on a commanding position. Here the 14th Regiment were encamped in some force, and on the morning of the 17th they observed large bodies of natives advancing as though to attack our position. Col. Austen at once ordered his men to be in readiness, and was about to march out and attack them, when Gen. Cameron arrived from the campat Pokeno, and having ordered up more troops to the support of the 14th, advanced along the ranges to meet the natives. They, however, fell back to a position of some strength, where they had prepared lines of rifle pits for their protection ; and it became necessary to storm the chosen position which they had carefully selected and fortified some time before. Having detached a considerable body to cut off the retreat of the Maories, the General led the remainder— between 200 and 300 men—against the rifle pits. The ad vance was up a rather steep hill-side, and the concealed enemy saluted onr force with a very heavy fire, which for a moment delayed the advance, but upon the General's tak ing the lead in person, the soldiers carried the pits with a run, and drove the native warriors out of them and over the crest of the hill. The rout was now complete, and the two divisions of the military force acting in harmony suc • ceeded in inflicting a loss which was very heavy, for Maori warfare, upon the flying natives, who were pursued us far as another creek, flowing also into the Waikato, called the Marmarua creek, about six miles from Kohiro, where the battle took place. The loss sustained by the troops was but s light, there being only one man killed and 11 wounded upon the field of battle, although one of the wounded has since died. The general had in the field nearly 600 men, but owing to his being obliged to detach so large a number to cut off the retreat of the rebels, not much more than half of these were ever actually engaged. The Maori force num bered nearly 400 men, of whom it is ascertained that about one-fourth were killed and many wounded. Of the killed seven or eight were chiefs of distinction, and among them an uncle of the Maori king. An attack was made on the same day by another body of natives, upon an escort of our troops on their way down from the front to the camp at Drury. When about a quarter of a mile from any clearing a sudden fire was opened upon it from both sides by natives concealed in the thick forest, where it was impossible to see them. Their numbers must have been large, probably outnumbering that of the escort of 50 men, as five to one. The first discharge of the am bushed enemy wounded several men and some of the wag. gon horses, so cutting off effectually for the time the van from the rearguard of the little party. The soldiers at once endeavoured to reply to the fire, but it was evident that while at best they could only hope to shoot their assailants by some fortunate chance, the Maories were marking them down at their ease. The van, at this time reduced to 10 available men, now began to retreat, and the enemy seeing this, and thinking to cut them off entirely, attacked them in force, as many as 60 men joining in the charge, Seeing the danger, the gallant young officer who commanded gave the word to fix bayonets and charge ; this was done, and the astonished natives broke and fled once more to the bush. Captain Ring finally succeeded in withdrawing his men and convoy to the nearest clearing, and there awaited assistance. This soon arrived from both sides, as the firing had been heard both in the direction of the Pokeno and the Drury camps. Our loss in this engagement was four killed and 10 wounded, while, in spite of their generally keeping well under cover, the loss of the natives is believed to have been considerably greater. Although the number of the troops in the provinces is now considerable, still, from the fact of the southern fron tier of Auckland extending over a length of nearly 50 miles, bounded for the most part by forest country, and so liable at any moment and in any place to an irruption of natives, it is evident that a very considerable force must be posted in various places to prevent the communications from being cut off and the country ravaged. The settlers are manfully doing their part of this work, there being now between 3,000 and 4,000 men of them engaged in various ways in the protection of the country; but owing to the fact of the large number of natives now engaged in the struggle, not less probably than from 4,000 to 5,000, who have an abso lutely free choice of the point of attack, it is evident that the General has not, nor can have many hundreds of troops ready to march into Waikato. Since the two attacks on the 17th no general action, if we cap, use the expression, has taken place, although partial fighting in the forest has been of frequent occurrence. In these encounters the 18th and 65th Regiments have been principally engaged, frequently assisted by the Militia and Volunteers, and in every case our arms have been successful in putting the natives to flight with lose, upon their own ground. These encounters, however, although keeping the enemy in check, and very useful, as showing the English soldiers are quite as good as natives, even in the dreaded forest warfare, have not in any way cleared the forest of these marauders, who hang upon our flank, and take every op portunity of murdering, sometimes with savage barbarity, any settler or settler's family that may come within their reach. In this way we regret to say a gentleman named Cooper was murdered while driving in his cows in his own field, and the house of Capt. Calvert was attacked by a party who fired through the wooden partition, killing that gentle man's eon, a young man of 18 years of age, before Captain Calvert succeeded in putting them to flight, which he even tually did single-handed, having, it is believed, killed one and wounded another of his murderous assailants. A man named Hunt also fell a victim to a large party, who sur prised him, in company with three other settlers, cutting wood at the edge of the forest. His three companions escaped, but he, having fallen from exhaustion, as he ran, was shot through the heart by a gun held so close to his body as to burn his coat. These outrages will, we fear, never be put a stop to until some vigorous measures are resorted to; and, as we can scarcely make reprisals upon the natives, the only way open to us seems to be to endeavour by the most active measures to clear the forest of these marauding bands, and so drive them back upon the open country on the Waikato, where the General may deal with them to some purpose. The plan which naturally suggests itself for curing this cry ing evil i s th e o ld on e of h av i ng the settlers of each district formed into corps of forest rangers to scour the woods in their immediate neighbourhood, and allow no native to exist within their district. .........••• .... LATEST INTELLIGENCE. The Indian Royal Mail Company's steamer Prince Alfred brings Auckland papers to the 11th August, being a week later than previous advices. Rain having set in, with every ap p e arance of a continuance, military op era ti ons h a ve been almost superseded, in so f ar , at l east, as an y aggressive movement of the troops is concerned. The New Zealander thus summarises the news since the 4th inst.:—. - - Since the issue of our regular monthly summary, the most important military event has been the movement of General Cameron against the native encampment at Papa rata, a place distant about 15 miles from the Queen's re doubt at Pokeno. The official account of this affair will be found underneath. The experience which the Maories have gained at Kati kara and at Kohiroa of tho value of rifle pits, will probably put that style of defence out of fashion, and may be some time before they will again venture within reach of the bayonet in an open fight. The work of completing our inner line of defence from Wairoa to Drury and Waluku has proceeded actively. The weather has of late been very bad ; the rain heavy and fre quent, yet our newly-enrolled Volunteers and Militia have laboured cheerfully at the work of building the redoubts, under circumstances of personal discomfort and hardship which would have severely taxed the endurance of regular troops. Young men inthese corps, wholly unused to manual labour, have taken their turn at the spade and pick in trenches where the wet tenacious clay has speedily torn to pieces the boots in which they started for a week's service at the front, and some have been obliged to do patrol and escort duty barefooted, or nearly so, and without greatcoats. William Thompson has announced in terms the most pre cise and savage his determination to take up arms against us, and to slay and spare not,' armed and unarmed alike. In consequence of a w a rning communication addressed by him to the Ven. Archeacon Brown at Tauronga, the mis sionaries and settlers of that district felt that their safety depended upon flight, and nearly all of them have come up to Auckland with the Archdeacon. Rumours of the intention of the natives to make an at tack upon the town have been current, and have had the good effect of producing a greater degree of watchfulness— but no plan of action in which all might take their part in case of a surprise appears yet to have been matured by those to whom the local duties of defence' are entrusted. One thing has, however, become perfectly clear, and that is, that it will need a larger force than is at present avail able to provide for the defence of the settlements, and at the same time to crush the spirit of violence in Waikato with the rapidity which is so much to be desired. An expedition, under the command of the Provincial Treasurer, was despatched to the Wairoa and the Whams, in the steamer Auckland, on the night of Wednesday, 'the balance of success is not yet brought to account, Two divisions of the Auckland Rifles, who, for the last three weeks, have been rendering good service to their country in the hour of reed, marched into the Albert bar racks on the afternoon of the 7th inst, The first division, commanded by Capt. Derrom, and numbering some 90 rifles, were the first to make their appearance. They came from Papakura, and arrived about half-past 4 o'clock. The second division, under the command of Lieut. Heaphy, numbered between 30 and 40, and came from Barton's. Their arrival was somewhat unexpected, otherwise we have little doubt there would have been a much larger turn out to greet them after their recent realisation of some of the discomforts re sulting from war. The campaigners looked jaded and travel stained, after the severe exposure of the past bitter week. Head-quarters, Queen's Redoubt, Aug. 3, 1863. To his Excellency Sir George Grey, K.C,B , &o. Sir, —I have the honour to inform your Excellency that on the night of the Ist inst., I left the Queen's Redoubt with a farce of about 700 men, including a party of seamen and marines of H.M.S. Harrier, for the purpose of recon noitring the villages of Paparoa and Paparata, whore I had reason to believe that a large body of rebels had collected. Capt. Sullivan, commanding MK S. Harrier, accompanied the force. • After a fatiguing night march, the last mile of which was through very high and thick scrub, we reached Paparoa about daybreak, and found it entirely deserted, though it had evi dently been recently occupied, and I have little doubt that the natives had received some notice of our movements. After reaching this village we proceeded along a bush track, which I was afterwards informed led to Haurake, having missed the track to Paparata. Some natives con cealed so far within the bush on our right as to be perfectly invisible, opened fire on the leading files, and wounded a soldier of the 12th Regiment. We replied to their fire for some time, but as, from the character of the bush and scrub near it, it was impossible to get within reach of them, and I did not consider it advisable to lose time in searching for a track, I withdrew the force leisurely, without any attempt on the part of the natives to follow us. When we had reached the open ground a large body of natives came down from the ranges, and joining the party in the bush, commenced a rapid and continuous fire of mus ketry in the most absurd manner, as though they had been closely engaged with the enemy, although at that time we must have been fully a mile and a half from them. The troops returned to the Queen's Redoubt about 3 o'clock in the afternoon, having been under arms since halt past 7 the previous evening, and having marched nearly 30 miles. I have every reason to be satisfied with the cheerful man ner in which this arduous duty was performed by the troop-, and with the conduct of all the officers and men composing the force, particularly of the detachment of the 12th Regi ment, under Major Miller, for the bold and intelligent man ner in which they covered the advance over difficult ground. —I have the honour to be, Sir, your most obedient humble servant, D. A. CAMERON, Lieut.-General. The Drury correspondent of the New Zealanier writes : Monday, Aug, 10. The natives never now make an appearance in this neigh bourhood, and nothing is known as to what has become of them. There may be a few hundreds in the bush, but be fore parties can conjure up thousands they must calculate what each day's provisions for thousands of Maories would amount to, The general has not been down. I believe the corps of bushrangers goes on very prosperously in its formation. There is great anxiety in the public mind for some speedy demonstration; but patience, a little better weather, and a few more troops, and the thing will be done much more effectively. Few casual observers can tell the various difficulties which both our military and militia authorities have to contend with. From a private source, the .2V620 Zealander learns that Papihana, of the Nagatihikiro tribe, is again abroad, and his avowed intentions are not to fight, but to burn and destroy in the neighbourhood of Auckland. Raglan, it . was rumoured, was to be attacked by the island tribes. From Kawhia we learn that some of the natives had joined the King move ment, and that others were about to do so. The same paper, of the 11th inst., says affords us very much pleasure to apprise our readers and the inhabi tants of Auckland in general that Col. Carey, of the 18th Royal Irish, has bsen appointed to command the garrison of this city. The gallant colonel yesterday took over the posts and paid a visit of inspection to the various block houses. This is, indeed, a step in the right direction. The little Avon, it appears, is not to be allowed to ply peacefully on the waters of the Waikato. The natives have discovered, no doub', by this time that sue is a very awk ward impediment to the passage of their canoes, and have therefore made their first essay in trying the effect of leaden bullets on iron plates. On the morning of Thursday last the Avon left the Bluff on a reconnoitring expedition, and after proceeding about eight miles up the river, a force supposed to number about 1,000 natives w.s seen on the left bank. The natives immediately opened fire, delivering a succession of volleys at the steamer, and their bullets flattened on the sides of the vessel harmlessly enough of course. This hos• tile demonstration by the rebels was responded to from the Armstrongs on board, and, in the words of our correspon dent, "it is supposed that the enemy must have suffered very considerably, while on cur side there were no casual ties." The Avon made another trip up the river on the following morning, but no natives were seen. The following is a list of casualties in the recent engage. ments with the natives:— Casualties-2d Battalion 14th, Lieutenant• Colonel Aus ten severely wounded; privates—Wm Smith, dead; Moses Burdon, Robert Williamson, Alfred Picton, slightly wounded; John Ingram, Henry Clarke, severely; James Gilligan, Patrick Markey, James Tancred, William Mur phy, William Cavanagh. Royal Irish.—No. 1 Company, 925, private John Ewins, killed; No. 1 Company, 805, private John Hamilton, wounded severely; No 7 Company, 324, private Thomas Dunbar, wounded slightly; No. 7 Company, private Con roy, wounded slightly. The officers engaged on this occasion were Lieu! enant Wray, Ensign Jackson, and Ensign Butts, whose asdistance, coupled with the steadiness of the men, merits unqualified approbation, French Recognition of the Southern Confederacy. (From the Kele York Times.) A nice question to settle between the French and the Confederates, prior to recognition, is that of slavery. Nearly all the French official and semi• official writers (which means ail the writers in France) whourge recognition, urge it on the ground that the Emperor will be able to make the abolition or modi fication of slavery a consequent concomitant or con dition of the favour of recognition. Even M. Cheva Tier, who has taken the boldest stand of any m a n in France in favour of recognition, declares that France will use her influence to bring about the gradual emancipatio❑ of the slaves ; that the eman cipation of the blackamoors, the complete abolition of slavery, will be the work of peace and time, and that the European Power which shall be the first to recognise the Confederate States will have the right to obtain on behalf of the blacks far more than would the Pt deral States; and one of his strongest points against the North is, that the men of the North, it victorious, would not cut into the quick of the slavery question, for they would value too highly the cotton culture. Ail this is very cool in the French friends of the rebels—to propose to knock out and smash up the corner stone of the celebrated Southern Con federacy before acknowledging its existence as a durable and respectable political edifice. The rebels have heard the news, and make wry feces at it. Recognition with abolition as a condi tion-precedent is the most horrible thing they have heard of up to this time. The Richmond Dispatch, speaking of the matter, says—" It is as well to put a stop to all calculations of this character at once. If Napoleon means to interfere with the question of slavery i❑ any way whatever, or to ask anything else in consideration of recognition, we can have nothing to do with him." And the Richmond Enquirer (which lately denied our statement that it was Jeff. Davis's private organ) is equally explicit in its remonstrances with M. Chevalier and the Emperor, It says—" This (rebel) Government not only will not, but cannot, give or offer any sort of engagement to Iheince or any other Power.to naeke coneeeeions in favour of the negroes. The whole subject of the negroes belongs exclusively to the States, and is outside the power and functions of the Confederate Government. President Davis and his ministers not only cannot give any guaranty on the matter, but cannot 80 much as listen to one word about it from any Quarter. Now, if the Em peror does not know that the negotiation here sug , Bested is ic - possible, then it was Mr. Slidell's duty to inform him. It seems as if there were a coespi racy against us somewhere--a deliberate design to place us in the position not only of suppliants, but of suppliants so beaten, and reduced to suela ew.tremity, that we ate now willing to place the very question of our social and industrial system (which we would not suffer our own former Federal Government to touch) under the feet of a foreign potentate, if he will only step forward in mercy and save us from those terrible Yankees. Nothing will serve our agents in Europe but to invite foreign powers to Sit in judgment upon our domestic institutions, our social system, and the whole way of life, and to pronounce what is to be our walk and conversation for the future. rihis will not do, We are not fallen so low. The Confederany owes nothing to the Emperor of the French just yet." We commend these views to the consideration of the Emperor and Al. Chevalier. If the Confederacy had its independence to-morrow, and were in alliance with France, we venture to say there would at once spring up a bitterer controversy on the " everlasting negro" question than ever existed be tween North and South, and that it would soon lead to a disruption of the alliance, or to a bloody war between the allies. THE WAR IN NEW ZEALAND. The Southern Cross of the Ist of August supplies the following resume of the war new s o f th e month • The storm which has so long been b rew i ng h as co me at last; we are now face to face with the grea t nat i ve difficulty in its legitimate form of a war with th e t r ib es o f 'Waikato, the most powerful, nearly the most w ar lik e , an d q uite the most disaffected tribes in New Z ea l an d , The co urse of events has been very rapid since th e fi rst i nt i mat i on of war, which had not taken place when cu r l as t sum mary Was issued. At that time the only movements indicating the events so soon to follow were the facts that the Govern ment had seen fit to call out the militia for drill, tha t a corps of 400 volunteers had been called for by the Govern ment from the militia, and that General Cameron was gra dually pushing on his forces towards the advanced posts on the Waikato River. On the 9th of July, however, a decisive step was taken which warned all the settlers who knew the native character well, that the time for action had really arrived at last. The Government, on that day, called on the natives c Mangere, Pukaki, Ihumatao, Te Ririki, Patumahoe, Pokeelo, and Tnakkan, living in the Manukau district and the Weill,:to frontier, i mme di a t e ly to take t he oath of allegiance to h er Keiesty the Qu e en, and to giv e U P thelr arms to an officer appoinN by Government for that purpose. It is only necessary to exp l a i n that there were near-, to 500 fighting men in the vill ages mentioned in the pr oclamation to make it evident h ow i mpossible it was f or the Gene ral to proceed into th e W a ik ato country w ith these p eo p le of doubted fidelity, an d every means of o ff en ce untram melled in his rear. Th e tr i al was, as was e xpected, too severe a test, and the na ti ves with almost one consent re fused to give up their arms. Only six took the oath of alle giance and laid down their arms. These who refused to do so, however, did not think good to comply with the other condition of the proclamation, and instead of leaving the Auckland district, collected in considerable force from the different villages, and on Sunday, the 12th, took up a Peel tion of consid era bl e strength upon the range o f w ooded hills that run toward s th e W a i kato river, at rig ht ang les to it, I end o n th e eastern side of the great south road of this pro vince, at a dist ance o f about 23 miles f rom Auckland' This threat en i ng pos i t i on they were allowe d to occupy for some tim e b e f ore the Government thought it necessary to act as tho ug h th ey were there in defiance o f the procla mation, and it w as not until the native M i n i s ter had made an attempt t o b r i ng them to reason, partly by means of arguments, and partly ( un f ortunately) b y a slight return to the old sag er an d fl our policy, and had found t hem firm in their obstina c y, t h at i t was determined to ous t them from their position at Kerikeri by force of arms. Thi s dut y was entrusted to Lie u t.-C o l onel Murray, o f the 65th Regi ment, who by some mistake failed in doing his work pro perly. Some misunderstanding or misman tgement pre vented the tro o p s f rom surrounding the na tives at once, and the only e ff ect of the expedition, wh i c h, had it been executed as well as i t was planned, wou ld have proved a great success, w as t o scatter some 450 arm ed Maories in small parti es th rough the forest, exasperate d a t the result, and smarting for the loss of the great quantities of stores which they had left behind, and which of course fell into °he hand of the authorities. 911 the afternoon of the same day the news was brought in that two bodies had Leen discovered, those of an old man and a child, who had been brutally tomahstwked while mend ing a fen ^e on their farm, about 30 miles from Auckland. Upon inquiry it app eare d that the ol d ge ntleman's name was Meredith ; that h e an d h i s son, a b o y 12 years of age, had gone out i n th e a f ternoon of the day before to put up the fence on a di s t ant part of the farm near the forest; that he had not returned, and that, although search had been made for him he had not been discovered until, in the morn ing, both the bodies were found, partly stripped, close to the place where tihey had worked. They had evidently been Bur pi iced, as no marks of a struggle were apparent, although they had been kille d by the blows of a tomahawk. These murders were' taken by the people of this province as a proof that the natives of Waikato intended to carry on war in the same savage spirit shown formerly by their brethren at Taranaki; and it was at once the signal for most of the settlers in exposed and unprotected places to send in their wives a n d children to Aucklan d. Of course these statements only apply to the southern frontier of the pro vince, as there i s perfectquietness towar d s the north, and no settlers have be en a l armed. The position of A uc kl and itself, wh i c h i s scattered over a considerable acreage, and is, therefore, difficult to guard against single natives or small parties bent upon doing mis chief—such as firing the town, still chiefly built of wood — induced the Government to issue notices requiring all friendly-disposed Menzies that they abide within their houses from dust in the evening until daybreak. It was also notified that every Maori found on the streets of the town after dark would be apprehended. The decidedly hostile and even murderous attitude now exhibited by the nati ves appears t o h ave d e cided th e Govern ment upon taking the course which seemed indeed the only way to give them power to carry on so arduous and so very expensive a struggle as that evidently impending. It was urged also upon them by those acquainted with the native race as a means of inducing natives who were (as many teibes wee known to be) in a state of hesitation between re• be3lion and a neutral position,to keep quiet at present. That course was the confiscation, or promised confiscation, of all the lands belonging to those tribes found in arms against her Majesty's troops. This the Governor, with the advice of his Executive, did by proclamation, which explains in a few words the grounds of his movement upon the territories of Waikato. War having been thus in effect begun by the natives, and its conditions pointed out by the Government, the latter made considerable efforts to meet the emergency. The measures taken by Government upon finding them selves fairly embarked in a war beyond recall were vigorous and many of thetu well-timed. The first-class militia and th e volunteers, forming in all a corps not far short of 2,000 men, were placed upon active service, the volunteers offer ing their services to a man. The second-class militia were likewise called out and after a few days' drill placed also ' , Pen the active service list, altho7gh only required to guard and patrol in the neighbourhood of their own homes. The second-class is more power f u l t h an t h e fi rst i n po i nt o f num bers,:e there being p ro b a bl y no t l ees t h an 2 , 500 men li a bl e to a s ge srv with . T hese steps were t a k en w ith prompt i tu d e , an d me t •% e. call of d uty; who i t : ft their ready l work or busi ness uncompla i ningly at the f i rst largo response of th e se t t l ers an d townspeop l e , first tewarning numbers indeed h av i ng j o i ne d th e Volunteer corps on the h the Government, was w t u hreatened danger t o the provientirely opposed to the f eeling of province. The next act, however ' of the public, and was accordingly met with the spirit of independence which the free institue tiona and man ner of life irae deter. A party of natives from e colony tend so much to of the island, had offered their services near the centre ry fight against their old enemies, thseetriicbeses to Government to vernment accepted their services, but of Waikato ; Go to the great satisfaction of the public,who refused to arm them, most extreme distrust upon all natives southl o o t ok with the Au Auckland. expedition to destroy rebel mum; PRA the Mar.q. SPIRIT OP THE PUBLIC JOURNALS Ti itEs.—~Ve have to announce very disagreeable news from New Zealand. The hostility of the tribes in the Northern Island has broken forth in open re volt, and we are once Again at war. The country about Auckl an d, one o f the most earliest settled and most flourishing districts of the islands, is the scene of atrocities which lead one to doubt whether a quarter of a century of Christian preaching has had much effect on the cruel and perfidious native. It was in the middle of July that the events took place, the account of which has just reached us. Fn. some time Rewi, a chief who has long been the leader of tee malcontents, and who is suspected of having instigated some foul murders, had been endeavouring to rouse the Maories in the neighbourhood of Auckland to rebellion. His object. was to make a general rising of the Northern tribes, particularly the Waikatoes, a war like race, whose country is close to Auckland, and then by a sudden movement to exterminate the settlers. The first act which he contemplated was the murder of some white men on the Waikato river. However, the plot was discovered, the troops were withdrawn from the Taranaki district, where they had been watching some ill-disposed natives, and preparations were made for anticipat• ing the outbreak by a movement against the Wai katoes. While this was taking place the natives began the struggle by murdering two settlers at a place called Drury, about 20 miles from Auckland. This was on the 15th of July. The murderers fell upon the unfortunate men, who were cutting tim ber, killed them, and hacked their bodies savagely. Two days after an escort was attacked within a short distance of the same place. Capt Ring, with 50 men of the 18th Regiment, was escorting some waggons, when he was fired upon on both flanks and in the rear by a large body of Maories who then then rushed upon the little detachment and endea voured to cut off a portion of it. The soldiers fought with the utmost bravery, driving the natives back into the bush. Finally the escort made good its retreat to a neighbouring house, where it re mained until reinforced ; but the loss was no less than four killed and ten wounded. After this it need not be said that both Government and people were at the last advices preparing for war on a large scale. The first military movement was made by General Cameron, who, with 500 men, advanced against the natives, who, to the number of several hundreds, fought with considerable skill, making a stand at every favourable point, and defending with the greatest obstinacy certain positions which they had fortified with lines of rifle pits. These people belonged to the Waikato tribe, which, from its proximity to Auckland, seems to have be come proficient in the arts of warfare, if in no other kind of civilisation. The natives, however, were de foaled with considerable loss. This was the only military event which bad taken place up to the de parture of the mail, but the preparations for a deter mined struggle were in progress. We are happy to find there is no doubt of the spirit of the colonists. They have sprung to arms with an alacrity equal to that which the mother country would exhibit if threatened with foreign invasion. The Volunteers and Militia of the province of Auckland amounted already to 4,000 men, fully armed. There is a permanent colonial corps of cavalry, which will be actively employed. Drill was going on every where ; the first class Militiamen and Volunteers and been sent on to the front, while the care of the city had been left to the second levy. The protection of Auckland, which it has been part of the plan of the natives to surprise, is committed to the citizens, and the arrangements are said to be excellent. in the meantime, the Australians are energetic in support of the sister colony. Except six drill instructors, every British soldier on that vast territory has been sent off to New Zealand, and the local duties will be performed by volunteers. Besides this, the Australians have supplied the New Zealand settlers with arms and stores, and a considerable number or volun teers are likely to follow. Ou the whole, the temper of the people is such that we can have no fear of the result. Roased by the treachery of the natives, they are now determined to carry on a war which shall settle the question of English or native supremacy for ever. Those who accused the colonists of apathy in past times should remember that the Home Government has affected to stand as a media tor between the two races, and has rebaked and represst d the settlers whenever they have attempted to deal firmly with the natives. If the Colonial office chose to take the Maories under its protec tion, the leant it could do was to prevent them from committing outrages on the settlers, whose hands it had tied. Hence the necessity for a large and permanent force of British troops, entailing heavy expense on the mother country, and failing, after all, to give security to the colony. This policy will now we trust be abandoned. When the early citizens of Massachusetts and Virginia de fended themselves against the Red Men, and showed that c urage and self-reliance which are contrasted invidiously with the behaviour of modern colonists, they were at any rate left unfettered by the mother country, which had not yet learnt to place the interesting barbarian on Si level with its own brave and struggling children. Give the settlers the liberty of bringing this war to a close in such a manner as shall effectually prevent Mori conspi racies for the future, let a bold and energetic soldier have the command of the British troops, let no inter ference from home interrupt the work until it is thoroughly done, and we have little doubt that quiet will speedily and securely be restored to the isiand. It is time that those 40,000 English men and women whose lives and properties aro every day exposed to the vindictiveness of their savage neighbours should cease to be hampered in their defence by the fancies of people on this side of the globe, Th e co l on i s t s are now in arms to pretest th e m se l ves aga i ns t one of the most cold-blooded schemes of extermination that was ever devised. The plot has been long hatching, and the crime is so patent, the danger so great, that even Bishop Selwyn, one of the most earnest friends of the Maories, has no word to say in their defence, What is required now is that such cn example should be made of these Auckland tribes as shalt deter the natives front any future con spiracies. It is hardly probable that any large rein forcements will be required from England. We think it, indeed, the duty of the colonists to provide the main defence of their habitations. But even the United States do not leave their backwoodsmen to fight without assistance against the Indian. Their army used always to be stationed in detachments on the frontier to aid the Western settlers by the pre sence of regular troops. If the colonists be hard pressed, we must reinforce them. Should, however, eny additional force be required, two or three thou sand Sikhs would coat far less, and bemore perhaps efficient, than British regulars. The future pro sperity of New Zealand will depend on the event of this war, which has so long menaced it, and nothing should be spared to make the operations effective and the victory complete, POST.—The " speech from the throne" of the Lord High Commissioner of the united States of the lonian Islands h as formed for so long a time thatnie a periodical source of comm en t i ts our columns, mice from henceforth canhardly bere tsairdeadppweaitrh- any other feeling than that of regret. We shail miss it, as we miss the face of an old familiar friend, to whose preaenae we have become accusto me d, an d whose habits and actions we have been wont to criticis i e s , aiv f o reely ind ee d, but in no u n f r i en dl y spirit. W e turn accordingly to Sir Henry Storks' last til with all the interest which attaches to whatever we see for the last time, and are glad to find that what we may now term his farewell address is distinguished by the same studied moderation and the same practical good sense whieh have been conspicuous in all his former effusions. The lonian Parliament had been dis solved with the express purpose of affording to the various constituencies an opportonity of expressing in a constitntiopal matinee their views upon the question of the cessation of the English protectorate and the annexation of the islands themselves to the kingdom of Cireeae. With a wise audacity, Great Britain had resolved to divest herself of Naponsibiii• ties which had been originally iroposed upon her by others, and the discharo t e. Of which has been but a thankless taele, sad to bid the 4 ' way ward sisters go • in peace,q without an attempt to control what we may think an unwise choice, but what we cannot doubt to be a deliberate one, upon their part, Such being the case, the members at tbe new Parliament which has lust beep elected are reminded that it is to the Queen of Great Britain they owe the opportunity which has been given them of deliberately forming and " expressing their opinion on a question so in timately connected with the national interests." What that opinion is, is of course notorious, but it has yet to find its legitimt.te expi . essiote in the con stitutional form of tep address troha the newly elected Assembly*. It is this, accordingly, which Sir Henry Storks invites them to prepare, and to bring to his Official cognisance at once the views of their consti tuents, and the decision of those who represent them, upon the question of annexation. Into the wisdom o f what is well known to by a foregOne conclusion Sir lionry Storks prudentlT abstains from cuteriziP a . 4111 t he very properly reminds them of the various ar rangements for which, in the event of their reply being in the affirmative, it will be requisite to provide. These arefive in number, and have reference virtually only to obligations which have been already eon tracted,and from which the country could not honour ably recede. In the first place, there must be a formal resolution of the Legislature placing, until a new constitution shall be promulgated King George in every respect in the position at present occupied by the protecting Sovereign, or by the Lord High Com missioner as her deputy. This is, in fact, merely to declare that no interregnum shall take place, and that the present order of things shall continue until it is replaced by a constitutional substitute. Secondly, it will be necessary, upon the cessation of the coati ibutory payment for military protection, and of the civil list of the Lord High Commissioner, to substitute for it an annual payment towards the civil list of the new Sovereign. This, it is proposed to fix at a sum of £lO,OOO per annum, which will, of course, constitute a first charge upon the lonian revenues. Thirdly, Parliament is summoned to recognise all past engagements "entered into by or on behalf of the lonian Government," and " all equitable claims" which may be still outs t an di ng. The latter proviso is one which may appear to need, and which will in all probability acquire, defini tion in the course of the debate to which the mes sage must give rise. Fourthly, some provision is to be made for the "preservation and safeguard" of the British cemeteries. Lastly, the terms must be settled upon wnich Great Britain will grant a discharge to the Confederation for the unliquidated arrears of the military contribution, amounting in all to a sum somewhat upwards of £90,000. Sir Henry Storks then reminds the deputies that, even after a formal vote has been passed in favour of an nexation by the Assembly, it will be necessary to invite the concurrence of the Powers party to the Treaty of November, 1815, "and in conjunction withiFrance, one of the protecting powers of Greece, to make such arrangements as may tend to the future welfare of these States, and the permanent interests of Europe." It is, however, sufficiently notorious that the consent alluded to will not be re fused, and that the European Powers, Austria in. eluded, are willing to give their consent to the pro posed arrangement, provided only it be bona fide, and that sufficient guarantees are forthcomin g for its permanence and stability. We think that there can be but one opinion as to the disinterestedness of the part which England has played in the matter. Having firmly refused to give her consent to the change so long as Greece continued a prey to anarchy and misgovernment, she has yielded at once the very moment that there was a prospect of better days to exile. During her protectorship the inhabitants of the lonian Islands have enjoyed a far larger share of the blessings of good govern ment than has fallen to the lot of any of their corn. patriots. Life and property have been rendered secure by the firm hand of English rule. They have had protection abroad and tranquillity at home. If internal improvements have not advanced at as rapid a rate as could have been wished, it has been due to the' ignorant impatience of taxation" which has been so often manifested by the lonian Parlia ment, and not to any absence of urging or sugges tions on our part. In giving up our protectorate we leave the lonians a free people, in the enjoy ment of equal laws, of enlightened institutions, and of liberty of speech and of religion. Whether they are wise in wishing' so soon to emancipate them selves from tutorial supervision, and in embarking, under the guidance of an intelligent but youthful monarch, upon the proverbially stormy sea of Greek politics, is a pr o bl em w hi c h can only be solved by the result. Th e so l e w i sh o f England has been, as Sir Henry Stork s we ll expresses it, that they " should be guided to a wise decision, and that the national happiness and prosperity of the lonian people may be secured on a solid foundation.' Lime, and time alone, can show whether the object in view has been substantially obtained. But what ever result may attend so hazardous an experiment, the responsibilities of its having been made at all will rest not upon England, but upon thaws who have been so pertinaciously clamorous for permis sion to " fly alone." COUNTRY MARKETS. ♦, .. BIRMINGHAM-..T rußsDky. Daring the present week transactions bare been of a re tail character in all articles of the trade , at no quotable nin price. To-day wheat was in less supply, and no reduction was submitted to on any description of Eng lish or foreign, Barley tending downwards. Oats were 6d to is per qr lower than last Thursday's prices, Beans held for previous currencies Peas quite as high as last week. - English wheat was sold at 44s to 48s for white, and 40s to 44s per 36 atone for red. Barley, new malting, 36s to 42s per qr; grinding, 26s to 30s Oats, old, 24s to 30s per 30 stone ' • Irish, 21 s t o 25 5 . B eans, 40s to 44s per qr. Peas, 36s to 44s per 36 stone. MAN CIIESTER---TRITRSDAY. At our market this morning the demand for wheat was still limited. English held for the prices of this day se'n right, and the lower qualities of American for an advance of 2d per cental. Flour again very inactive, and the value nominal. New oats receded ld to 2d per 451 b, and new oatmeal sold at a decline of is per load, but there was no disposition on the part of buyers to do business, Indian corn and beans held steadily, BRISTOL—MunsDAY. We had a good supply, of wheat to-day, and dry samples sold freely at %at weeks rates. The trade in bar ley was moderate, and late prices about maintained. Oats in improved requests EDINBURGH GRAIN—Oar. 14. A large supply of farmers' wheat to-day, which met s fair sale at about the prices of last week. Barley met a slow sale, and prices is per qr down. Beans were a fair sale. Oats dull. Wheat on the top 8s Od d0wn....... average Os ld down. Barley on the top is Od down........average Os 10d down. Oats on the top 2s 6d d0wn......... average is 4d down. Beans on the top Js Od d0wn....... average is od up. Total Supply and Sales. Wheat........ 1390 qrs Sold 572 qrs 8ar1ey........2510 qrs Sold 1747 qrs Oats ....... 2031 . qrs S o ld 1144 qra B eans ll qrs Sold 1 qrs Flour sells as follows :—Whites, 38s Od ; extras, 368 Od ; superfu2e,l34s Od ; fine, 32s Od. CORK—THURSDAY. The following were the quotations this morning :—Red wheat, 8s Od to 8s SJ; white, 7s 6d to 9s 3d , barley, 59 6cl to 8s Od ; oats, 5s ld to 6s Od ; black do,, 4s 6d to 5s 31 DERBY SAII THFIELD--Ocz. 6. Beet ............ 6d to 7d Veal 7 d to 7d Kotton .. Lamb .... .. .... 8d to --d R ough fat, 3s 9d per stone. Rides, 3d to 41d; calf skins, 5d to 6d. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton, ..... . Oct. 19. Marseilles ...... Oct. 13 . ... Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. ...... Cape of Good H ope, A scension, and St. Helen . Nov. 4. (Julia, Periwig, and Si ngapore, via Southampton.O•t. 19. via Marseille s ...O c t. 13. Gibraltar, via Falkland Islands ............... Southampton ...... India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Oct. 27 via Marseilles Oct. 13. India (Bombay), via Southampton .. Oct. 18 Portugal.... via Marseill es O ct. 2k. Nov. 4. Malta, Egypt, and Men, via Southampton Oct. 19. via Marseilles O c t. 25 . Newfoundland U. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet.... Oct. 16 by - U.S. packet.... by Canadian packet. Oct. 17. ..... eMwa York Oet. 22,a, and Teneriffe B W a f e . m o ae f A , f v ra i i a c ir Mexico ' California. and British 1 Oct. 29.. ..... All parts of West Indies, oumia.. ..... C01umbia....... Chili, Peru Births. BAZLEY.—On the 14th inst., at Agden Hall, Cheshire, the wife of Thomas Sebastian Bazley, Esq., of a son and heir. CommEutLL.--On the 14th inst., at Alverbank, Alver stok of a e d,aughter Hants, the Wife of C apt. Commerell, R.N., V.C., . SLom<ust.—On the 14th inst., at Pembroke Dock, the wife of Captain Stomata, 61st Regt., of a son. Marriages. KINNELL.--LARKIN.—On the 15th inst., at St. Ratherfne C oleman, - Walt er , secon d son of George Binned, Esq., Jewry-str ee t, to Annie, third daughter of John Larkin, Esq.) Hadlow-pl ace , near Tonbridge, Re n t. STEW ARD —Cox.—On the 14th ilia., at Saint Helen's, Bishopsgate, Edwin Syder Steward, Esq., of Brecon— dale, Norwich, to Kate Jane Bell, eldest daughter of the Rev. John Edmund Cox, Helen's, Bishopsgate. M'A' ) F.S.A., vicar of Saint 1 Deaths Dnuirr.—O n the 14th inst, . Nathani e l D ru i tt, aged 68. at his residence, Chelsea, Mir FITZHERBERT.—On the 13th inst., at Swinn er t e r t -park, Staffordshire John Fi tzherbert, Esq., aged 72. FLETCHEIL—On the 13th inst., at Broomfield, near Man chester, Samuel Fletcher, Esq., aged 79. Racket, Esq., HACKET.—On the 14th inst., at York, Francis Ben on. HAWKS . —OR the 11th inst., at Newcastle-on-Tyne, Lady' Hawks, aged 98, of Moor Hall, Warwickshire, aged 76. HAVERS. -0t the 12th inst., Thomas Havers, Es of T heltce Rail, N orfolk, aged 77- q., l LOWER, —O n the 14th inst., at Romsey, Hants, C . S. W. er 6 ag B..,,asPsq., for nearly 64 yearn in H.M.'s Ordnance, London of N , - and Published by WILLIAM ANDREWS., .0. 112, Strand, Printer, at TnE Sur? Office No. 112. Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the cpunty el blisituelex, 7 rriciay, Ml= 101,103. s