The Sun. — London, England, 1854-07-05 00:00:00

tween Sweden and Denmark to resist by force of arms tho execution of the convention between the United Provinces and England to put a stop to all neutral trade with France. This armed neutrality seems to have been successful, and the allies hul to abandon their project. In the war of 171 1 , in consequence of our searching, and detaining, and tlee cap turing enemy' s p ro p e rty on b ea rd Prussian vessels, . King of Prussia refused to pay the interest of the Silesi an Loan, until we had made reparation to his subjects by a e payment of 20,000/. The second and most. celebratedm d neutrality-wee in 1780 ;it objects were to resist on r r ar ul_e 0 1 - war of 1156, with regard to trading w ith the colonies, on the coast of our enemies, and to es t a blish the rule that " free ships should make f ree goods." This armed neutra lity consisted of conventi ons which Russia concluded with Denmark, Prussia, Austria, Portugal , and the Two Sicilies, and to which Spain and Holland acceded. It attained its object, and in the treaties of peace which we concluded in 1783, with France and Spain, we recognised, as far as those powers were concerned, the main prin ciples of the armed neutrality of 1780, and renewed trea ties, namely, those of Utrecht of 1713, which contained the rule " free ships free goods." The third armed neu trality was concluded iu 1794, between Denmark and Sweden, for the protection of their trade during the war of the French Revolution : it was not successful. And the fourth armed neutrality, the principles of which were the same as those of the armed neutrality of 1780, was formed. in 1890, by treaties that Russia concluded with Sweden, Denmark, and Prussia. This armed neutrality was speedilybrong - ht to an end by the murder of the Emperor of Russia. The principles of the armed neutrality are to be found in the treaties of 1782 and 1814, between Russia and Denmark ; of 18330 and 1800, between Russia and Sweden; and of 1818, between Denmark and Prussia. These trea ties and leagues show how anxious the Northern Powers have generally been to expunge the rule of confiscating enemy's goods on board neutral ships from the public law of Europe, and to substitute the rule "free ships free goods." 1 must observe, however, that the rule " free ships free goods" is not contained in some of the treaties between the Northern and Western powers-for instance, it is not contained in the treaty of commerce of Copenhagen, concluded in 1670 between Great Britain and Denmark, which was renewed by the treaty of Kiel of 1814, nor is it contained in the treaties between Great Bri tain and Sweden, signed at Upsal in 1654, at Westminster in 1656, at Whitehall in 1651, and all of which were con firmed by the treaty of Oretro of 1812. These treaties are still in force, and from various articles in them the infe rence may be fairly drawn that we are now entitled by treaty to confiscate enemy's goods on board neutral ships belonging to Denmark and Sweden. Nor was the rule "free ships free goods" contained in any of our treaties with Russia. On the contrary, in the marine convention of St. Petersburg of 1801, to which Sweden and Denmark acceded, the second article declared that enemy's goods should not be free on board neutral ships. On the other hand, the treaties which Prussia concluded with Austria, in 1785, with France in 1787, and with the Two Sicilies in the same year, contained the stipulations of the armed neutrality of 1780. The rule free ships free goods" is also to be found in the treaties between Prussia and Portugal of 1787 and 1793, the latter of which was renewed by the declaration of 1815. The same rule was contained in the treaties between Denmark and France of 1663, 1742, 1749, and 1813. And according to eminent French authorities-namely D'Hauterive and Hantefuille -is still in force between France and Denmark. Conse quently at present the Danes are entitled by treaty with France to carry Russian goods from one Russian port to another Russian port, the ports not being blockaded. The rule " free ships free goods" was also contained in the treaties between Denmark and Spain of 1742 and 1814; and in those between Sweden and the United Provinces of 1679 and 1686. I think that I have referred to every, or nearly every, international engage ment of the two last centuries between the Northern Powers, or between them and the Western Powers, which contained a specific stipulation with regard to the goods of an enemy on board the ship of a neutral. There were se veral treaties that contained no stipulation on the subject; but those that did were about 4u in number; of them, only nine (to every one of which England was a party) stipulated that the goods of an enemy in the ship of a friend should be lawful prize : the remaining 31 contained the rule " free ships free goods ;" and most of them con tained the principles of the armed neutralities of 1780 and 1800. The armed neutrality of 1780 was an offspring of the American war of independence. The United States at once declared in favour of its principles, and adopted its provisions as rules of public law of the - New World. For the rule "free ships free goods" is to be found in the treaties which the United States concluded with France in 1778 and 1800 ; with the United Pro4inces in 1782 ; with Sweden in 1783, 1816, and 1827; with Prussia in 1785, and though the rule was temporarily suspended in 1799, it was re established in 1828. The only instance in which the United States adopted the rule that the goods of an enemy in the ship of a friend is lawful prize, was a treaty with this country in 1791. Bat in 1795 the United States concluded a treaty with Spain, which contained the rule "free ships free goods," it was renewed in 1819, but with this reservation, that the rule should only be ac t e d upon when all the belligerents assented to it; for example, the ships of the United States, being a neutral, were only to render ft ee the goods of the enemy of Spain, being a bel ligerent, when the enemy of Spain also acted upon that rule. About 30 years ago the South American colonies of Spain shook off the yoke of their mother country and be came independent ; they then entered into negotiations with the United States; in those negotiations the United. States declared that the rule of public law-that the pro perty of an enemy is liable to capture on board the vessels of a friend has no foundation in natural right, and though it be the established usage of nations, rests entirely on the abuse of force. For these reasons, the rule " free ships free goods" is to be found, I believe in every treaty which the United States has concluded with the states of South America : for instance, with Colombia, in 1824 ; with the States of Central America, in 1825 ; with Brazil, in 1823 ; w ith M ex i co , i n 1831 ; with Chili, in 1832 ; with Bolivia, in 1836 ; with Venezuela, in the same year ; and with Equador, in 1843. I should observe, that in almost all these treaties with the states of South America, the United States stipulated that the rule " free ships free goods" should only be enforced when all the belligerents assented to act upon it ; for, though the United States maintained in the strongest manner that the rule in question ought to be contained in the public law of nations, yet they asserted that, if one belligerent alone were to act upon that rule, and the others were to adopt the contrary rule of confiscating enemy's goods on board neutral ships, the belligerent who acted upon the right rule would be unjustly damnified, and ho who acted upon the wring rale would be unjustly benefited : therefore, the United Settee stipulated in the treaties in question that the rule " free ships free goods" should be subject to the limitation which I have mentioned, until the progress of civilisation and the consent of all civilised nations should establsh it as an undoubted rule of public law. France has also concluded numerous treaties with the states of South America, in which it has been generally stipulated that France should not impose upon neutrals in time of war any other obligations than that of sub mitting to the laws of effective blockade. lam in formed that this stipulation is contained in the treaty which France concluded with Brazil in 1826, with Bolivia in 1837, with Eenador and Venezuela in 1843, with New Granada in 1816, with Guatemala in 1818, with Costa Rica in the same year, and with Hayti in 1852. Lastly, I should observe, that the Ottoman Porte is at pre• sent bound by its capitulation of 1601 with France, of 1675 with England, of 1783 with Russia, and prbably by those of 1781 with Austria, of 1740 with the Two Sicilies, of 1782 with Spain, of 1680 with Holland, of 1790 with Prussia, not to confiscate any goods, except contraband of war, on board the ships of the nations which I have j ust mentioned. I have now enumerated 130 international engagements be tween the chief powers of the civilised world ; they are all, or nearly all, the international engagements between these powers during the last two centuries, which contain dis tinct provisions, with regard to the treatment of enemy's goods on board neutrals' ships; there are many treaties which contain no provision on that subject, but of the 130 that do, only 11, to ten of which England was a party, contain the rule that the goods of an enemy in the ship of a friend are lawful prize, the remaining 119 contain the rule, "free ships free goods." I have now shown that during the century and a quarter which preceded the wars of the French revolution the all but invariable rule of amicable intercourse, as established by treaties between this country and the great maritime powers of western Europe, and the invariable rule between those powers was free ships free goods. I have also shown that the general rule of amicable intercourse, as established by treaty be tween the northern powers, between the northern and western powers (with the exception of England), between France and the New World, and between the Ottoman Porte and the great powers of Europe, was free ships free Pods. I am therefore entitled to assert that though it hasbeen the custom and usage of nations to act upon the ca enemy's g o ods on boar . 1 neutral ships, in and usage have been and still are held by the with majority niece with - of civilised nations to be at vari- Now, an e u Voot notions of what is right and just. Mr. Austin, i ne n modern writer on jurisprudence, "the rule sa n e u n ni ng poati:eo international law, states that considered at r e ti T g at the conduct of sovereign states la rby its analogy t o ated each other is termed tions or sover e i gns, not by tk law, b e i ng i m p os ed up on na perior authority, but b y Positive command of a su nations. The duties whicliit r ue sanctions, by fear on the partraor: generally current among es are enforced by moral probable evils in case n-gueenrally received and re general hostility, and incurri g its"ereigns of provoking they should violate maxim s spected." If this be a correct law, or rather what ought to be into al of ought to be a international lows that the rule, "free ships, free 9.1 n a ,, , i t fo l. rule of international law, or at least gentleman, sition contained in the resolution of the ( I ) c"lthat the P o namely, that the goods of an enemy in the 'ara te L Idhave already are lawful prize, is not indisputably true: and, it b not sutip, ifof a eee uphold dgentlernan to indisputably true, the house ought said, by agreeing to the motion of the learned pledge the honour of this country to uprlai Ihaveit for ever. referred, I must observe that in the treaties to which with the exception of those which contained the ferred, of the armed neutrality of 1788jand of 1800, the ships, free goods" has been accompanied by the rulee" "free ene my's ships, enemy's goods," in virtue of which the g oodeo of neutrals were liable to confiscation on board enemy's ships. This rule was a conv en i en t one f or belligerents. 'lt saved them the trouble of determining the ownership of any pro perty on board an enemy's ship; and therefore those powers who agreed to the rule " f ree s hi ps, f ree goods, " generally stipulated that neutrals should pay for the lenity of that rule,, by the confiscation of their property when found on board an enemy's ship. Bat between the two rules of "free ships, free goods," and "enemy's ships, enemy's goods," there is no logical connexion; the only connexion between them is the jingling of a verbal antithesis. Now, every writer, ancient and modern, on international law, has con demned therule "enemy's ships enemy's goods," as contrary to the principles of public law. Grotius expressly condemn ed it, so did Bynkershock, Heineccins,, and Vattel, so has Hubner, Maher, do Rayneval, and Hautefeuille. As there is no logical connection between the rule " free ships and free goods," and the rule " enemy's ships, enemy's goods," it follows that we were under no logical nor moral obligation to adopt the latter role, because we held it to be right and expedient in existing circumstances to adopt the former rule. I said that I would assume for the sake o f argument that a, belligerent state ought to have the right of confiscating enemy's goods on boatel neutral ships, and would then undertake to show that it was expedient and politi c in ex istingcircum s ta nces to waive for the pre sent the right of confiscating one n m ea n t s r t e a l. dmi l t -di of Russian subjects in the ship of a the g°- • think every will now proceed to do Si,.so. that it is all important for the successful prosecution of the war now waging with Russia, that France and England should cordially co-operate by Bea, as well as b y l and, It is t that cordial co-operation could no t b e att f if -evid en aimedone power were to act upon one rule of maritime war, and the other upon an opposite rule. For .complete harmony of action it is indis t _pensable that both powers should adopt o f the same tale s maritime war. But as I have already - the International laws of France an shown, acang to of maritime war were different. The Frenchng and, their rules by their law of nationsand by numerous treaties to re aped enemy's goods on boanl tral en shi ps; but they THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, JULY 5 1 114._ • On the other hand, we were bound by oar e nemy's ships. were entitled to confiscate the goods of neutrals on board d of to eo ne n u a tra see ls te o e n o b em oa y % p e ec w t e t r h e e law il e m o e f s n s a h t i i p o s n ; e nti goodst led. b te ut re w e i egoods on board neutral ships. It is evident, therefore, that with regard to neutrals, the French rules of mar 1 time war clashed with our rules. It is easy to see that if each power had insisted upon adhering to its own rules of war, it would have been impossible for the cruisers of the two powers to act cordially in con cert. For instance, suppose that two cruisers, one an English the other a French, had been sailing together in the Baltic, and that each had received instructions to act according to the national rules of reprisal—the French according to the French rules, the English according to the English rules. Suppose the two cruisers had met a neu tral ship, carrying from and to a non-blockaded port a cargo of roods and merchandise of the growth and manu facture of Russia, but not contraband of is ar; both cruisers would have stepped the ship, their reipective officers would have visited it, both would, in the first instance, have asked the same questions, both would have ascertained the nationality of the ship ; both would then have enquired whether there was ' any contraband of war on board, finding none the French officer would then have said to the master of the ship, "By the French law of nations, and also by virtue of a treaty between France and your sovereign, I have nothing more to do on board your ship, and I wish you un bon 'voyage." Not so the English i °Beer. After his French comrade had taken leave he iwould have carefully awl minutely searched the ship, he would have found that it was laden with goods and user ' chaudise of the growth and manufacture of Russia, he I would then have inquired to whom the property belonged, how it had been acquired, and on what terms, and if he suspected that any portion of it belonged to a Russian subject; if he fancied that the purchase of it from a Rus sian subject had not been completed according to the strict and technical rules of English law, the English officer would have been bound to detain the neutral ship, would have been bound to take it to an English port, to be adjudicated upon by English judges, acc ording to the English law; then perhaps the cargo would have been condemned, and the English officer and his crew might have acquired considerable wealth by the confiscation refused to touch. Thus the French c rui se r wo u l d h av e of property which the French officer and his crew had permitted the ships of every neutr al state—those of the United States., of Spain, of the Northern Powers , of the South American Republics, etc. — to p ass f ree , though full of valuable goods belonging to Russians, whilst the English cruiser, sailing in company with the French one, would have reaped a rich harvest of prize and booty by de taining every one of those ships except such as belonged to Spain, which we are henna by treaty to respect. On the other hand, I should observe that if a Russian ship had been captured by the French cruiser the French would have been entitled, by their law of nations, to confiscate all pro perty on board the Russian ship, to whomsoever the pro perty might have belonged, whether to subjects of Russia, of the United States, of Spain, &c.; but had our cruiser captured a Russian ship we should have been bound, by our law of nations, to restore all property of neutrals on board that ship, not being contraband of war, to their owners, provided they were not Spanish subjects. There fore, it is self-evident that if France and England had in sisted upon adhering to their respective codes of maritime war, the difference in their rules of taking prizes and booty would have sown the seeds of dissension, jealousy, and ill will between the crews of their respective fleets, anti ren- Idered cordial co-operation in maritime war impossible. Neutral states would likewise have had good reason to complain if the cruisers of England and France, sailing in company, had acted upon opposite rules of maritime war. For the consequence would have been to inflict upon neu trals the penalties both of the French and English codes, without granting them the immunities of either. For in stance, neutrals have frequently considered that the se verity of the English rule of confiscating enemy's goods on board neutral ships, was in some degree mitigated by the lenity of the English rule respecting neutrals' property found on board enemy's ships. On the other hand, neu trals have held that the lenity of the French rule, " free ships free goods," was paid for to a certain extent by the severity of the French rule, " enemy's ships enemy's goods." Now, if a French and an English cruiser, sailing in company, had acted upon the rules of their re spective codes of maritime war, the French cruiser would have confiscated neutral property on board Russian ships, and the English cruiser would have confiscated Russian property on hoard neutral ships ' • and between the tw o th e unfortunate neutral would, as I have already said, have , suffered the penalties of both codes of maritime war, with , out enjoying the immunities of either; and neutral status would have had grounds of complaint at least as valid as those which gave birth to the celebrated armed neutrality of 1780. It was therefore of paramount importance that the French and English rules of maritime war should, if possible be assimilated, at least for the present. There were three modes by which this result might have been accomplished. Either France might have yielded to Eng land, and adopted the English rifles of maritime war, or England might have yielded to France, and adopted the French rules of maratime war ; or both powers might have made as they did make, mutual concessions. Now, neither power could have yielded entirely to the other, and have adopted the other's rules of maritime war with out doing wrong. For though both powers were entitled to waive rights, neither power could with honour have disregarded obligations. For instance, France could have waived her right to confiscate neutral property on board Russian ships, and England could have waived her right to confiscate the property of Russians on board neutral ships ; but France could not with honour have disregarded the obligation imposed upon her by nu merous treaties, as well by her law of nations, of respecting the property of Russians on board neutral ships, nor could England have set aside the o bli ga ti on imposed upon her by her law of nations, of respecting neutral property on board Russian enemies. Therefore the only hon oara,bie compromise which France and England could have made with regard to their rules of maratime war, must have been based up on a mutual waiver of rights, and a strict fulfilment of obliga tions; this is the compromise which has been made. France waived hefright of confiscating neutral property on board Russian ships; England waived her right of confiscating Russian property on board neutral ships. The rules of maritime war of the two nations are now the same. We can cordially act together against the common enemy, and neutral states have no grounds of complaint against us. Russia has imitated our example. May that example be followed by future belligerents in future wars. (Cheers.) For if the pr ec ed en t se t by this war should lead to the abolition of pirate-war on the ocean, and to the establish ment of the maritime rights of neutrals on the firm and solid basis of reason and justice, whatever other results this war may bring about, it would be noted for these re sults in the history of the law of nations as a step in civi lisation and a benefit to the hunker race. I have shown on the assumption that a belligerent state ought to have the right of confiscating enemy's property on board a neu tral ship, that it was right and proper for this country to waive for the present that belligerent right. I have like wise shown that the opinions current among the m-'jority of civilised nations are in favour of the rule " free ships free goods." Therefore I infer that reasonable doubt may be entertained of the truth of the proposition contained in the resolution of the learned gentleman, and consequently that the house ought not, by agreeing to the motion of the learned gentleman, to pledge the honour of the coun try to uphold for ever the position that " the goods of an enemy in the ship of an enemy are lawful prize." Lastly, I will assume, only for the sake of argument, that the position in question is indisputably true. Nevertheless the house ought not to assent to the resolution of the learned gentleman, unless he can show that some great, positive, and practical good would result from the house agreeing to it. For we are not a body of publicists, assem bled for the purpose of discussing and determining abstract questions of international law ; but a body of practical men, whose duty it is to act or determine how the Govern ment of this country should act in existing circumstances. Oar resolutions should, therefore, have for their end and aim immediate action. And consequently it would be un wise and inexpedient to limit our freedom of action, or that of our successors, by laying down abstract rules of action without some well-proved necessity for so doing. Now what great positive and practical good does the learned gentleman expect to obtain from the house agreeing to his resolution ? Does he wish by means of it to compel future Governments in future wars to insist upon confiscating enemy's goods on board neutral ships? But if the circum stances of future wars should be the same as those of the present war, future Governments should act as we have acted, for I have shown that we have acted rightly. There fore, if his resolution were to prevent them from following our example, it would be mischievous in the extreme. On the other hand, if in future wars it should be right and proper to insist upon every belligerent right appertaining to us by the law of nations, the resolution of the learned gentleman is not wanted to enable us to do so ; because we have not renounced nor surrendered any belligerent right appertaining to us by the law of nations For in the de claration of the 28th of March last, in which her Majesty was graciously pleased, by the advice of her responsible ministers, to declare that " to preserve the commerce of neutrals from all necessary obstruction, she was willing for the present to waive a part of the belligerent rights ap pertaining to her by the law of nations." Her Majesty did not renounce or surrender any one of her belligerent rights. For I need hardly assure the learned gentleman that to " waive for the present a right," and to surren der it, are two quite distinct things. Bur, the learned gentlemen is not content with her Majesty's declaration to neutral states. He asks this house to make a declaration to neutral st Iles in a tone and spirit very different from that of March last, and in my opinion in a very objection able tone and spirit. For what does he ask the representa tives of the people of this country to declare to neutral states ? He asks them to say, in so many words—" The peculiar circumstances of this war have induced us reluct antly to relax the principle that the goods of an enemy in the as esohmippeof l a friend prize. The force of events h our belligerent right of confiscating Russian goods on board led us, against are lawful our aill to waive for the present Your ships. Yet, be assured, we have no intention to make any Permanent concession to your wishes, or in any way it would b e tte,4areyknowled.ge the justice of your demands ; on the con in_ , we maintain that the right in question is so clearly circumstanZs our multi renounce or surrender - ‘ ,7 th r ted with the law oenations, and so interwoven me renown, that to or honour of this count inconsistent with the security _ dignified. In ugnage in spite of; t.herefore we are determined, whenever . your protests." Such re monstrances and in defiance of your Permit, rigorously to enforce that right, we should carefully abstain from and up our minds to dealingwhat ,with other states, we ought to make and to fret, and to thing on e day, would be neither politic nor we will do. To do one sfume,a from threats and boasts of what just to do, and do it ; but thing another day, and to vapour, and to swear that we will do quite an othermighty nation. Such would be conduct unworthy of a Falstaff's ragged regi conduct would best become one of e mu And • learned gentleman, I must with every respect for the terms of his resolution, I was s a a l y mo w:ien I li:stened. to tho of the language of Ancient Pistol, s who,il-resistibly reminded leek under the influence of Fluelle' whilst eating the this leek L will be horribly revenged. ilesactudgel, swore " By " Free ships free goods," is the leak of thaenlieke I swea r ." man, the eating of which he would swear most ne e d gentle revenge in future wars by the merciless confiscation h' rribly to goods of every enemy in the ship of every fri'ati . on of the trope that the house will not be his co-jurors.ee'. I only hear.) lam convinced that the house ought not to c on . e sent to the resolution o f th e l earne d gentleman. For,". have shown that it contains a propositi on condemned t by the majority of civilised nations—one of doubtful truth, to the upholding of which the house ought not to plelge the honour of the country ; that the resolution, if carried, may be mischievous, can never be useful, and is both impolitic and undignified. (Loud cheers.) The right hon. gentle man concluded by moving the previous question. Mr. R. PHILLIMORE, assenting to the wisdom of the course pursued by the Government in waiving the belli gerent rights of the Crown, could not agree with many of the .propositions of Sir W. Molesworth, between whose I speech and the declaration of her Majesty there appeared, he said, a remarkable discordancy. He expressed his sur prise that Sir William should have taken his interpreta tion of international law from treaties, instead of justice and commentators, and observed that, if his doctrine were correct, it would prevent all interference by a belligerent except with a belligerent. The principles of the law of nations, of which Sir William had spoken so slightingly, were founded on reason, equity, and convenience, and for tified by authority. He did not think it would be wise, however, to press the resolution to a division. Mr. BOWYER, moved, as an amendment to Mr. Philli more's motion, " That the course adopted by her Majesty's Government, in concert with that of the Emperor of the French, is in accordance with sound principles of policy and public law." He considered that the principles of maritime law adopted by the Government, by extending the rights of neutrals, had created a new era in the law of nations. An HON. MEMBER here moved that the house be counted, when only 31 members being present, the house adjourned at half-past nine. THEATRE ROYAL DRURY LANE; Lessee, Mr. E. T. Smith. THIS EVENING, JULY 5, Will be performed Donizetti's Opera, LITCREZIA BORGIA Characters by lime. Camdori, M iss Fanny iluddart, Signors (ire gorio, and Pavesi, and Mr. H. Benham. To conclude with the popular Ballet, entitled UNE FETE EN OLY 31 PE. TT:ces—Stalls, 7s; Dress Circle, 5s ; Boxes, 35.; Pit, 2s. • Gallery, Is.; and Private Boxes, One, Two, Three and Four Guineas. The Rox-office ope daily from Ten till Six, where places may be secured. Private Boxes and Stalls to be had of Messrs. Leader and Cock. 43, New Bond-street. Notice.—Doors open at Half-past Seven. Perrormanee commences at Eight. Hr. f-price at lialf-part i the. THE tTRE ROYAL HAYMARKET. Unde: the management of Mr. lauckstone. THL3 EVENUCG, JULT 5, Will be performed the Drama of Till' KNIGHTS OF THE ROUND frArtLE. Characters by Messrs. Chippendale, Howe, G. Vandenhoft W. Farrell, Compton, and Buekstone ; Arias Reynolds, Miss E. tiny, and Mrs. litzwilliam. Followed by AS LIKE AS TWO PEAS. To conclude with the Farce of DE. DILWORTH. ROYAL PRINCESS'S THEATRE, OXFORD-STREET. Under the Management of Mr. CHARLES KLAN. THIS EVENING, JULE 5, Will be performed FROM VILLAGE TO COURT. Principal characters by Messrs. Harley, Flitter, and Cathcart; Misses Mur ray, Heath, and Vivash. After which, THE COURIER OF LYONS. Principal characters by Messrs. C. Kean, J. Vining, Addison, Graham, David Fisher, Cathcart, and Saber; Misses C. Leclerq, Heath, Ternan, and K. Terry. To conclude with THE HALT OF THE BALLET. LYCEUM THEATRE. Under the management of Madame "%reads. THIS EVENLNG, July 5, Will be performed USED UP. Followed by a new Drama, entitled SUNSHINE THROUGH THE CLOUDS. Characters by Messrs. Itosiere, Gladstone, F. Matthews; Madame Vestris, Miss Hughes, and Miss Oliver. After whicb, a GRAND CONCERT. To conclade with NUMBER ONE ROUND THE CORNER. THEATRE ROYAL ADELPHI. Proprietor, Mr. B. Webster.—Directress, Maclaine Celeste. THIS EVENING, JULY 5, Will be performed the popular Drama of THE DTSCARDED SON. Principal characters by Messrs. Selby, Murray, Bedford, and Keeley; Mrs. Keeley, Miss Woolgar, and Miss F. Maskell. After which will be presented the New Extravaganza, entitled 4. MOVING TALE, supported by Mr. Keeley, and Mrs. Keeley. - - To be followed by WAITING FOE AN OMNIBUS IN THE Lownuaß ARC.ADE IN A RAINY DAY. To conclude with HIS FIRST CHAMPAGNE. ROYAL OLYMPIC THE ATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. A. Wigan. THIS EVENING. JCLY 5. • Will be performed the Comedietta, ciiled HEADS OR TAILS. Characters by Mr Emery and Miss Marston, &a. To be followed by the Comic Drama called HUSH MONEY. Characters by Messrs. F Robson, Emery. White, and Vincent ; Miss Dormer, and Mrs. A. Wigan. After which, VIE Ii APPIEST DAY OF MY LIFE. Cha racters by Messrs. F. Rohsln, J. FI Wnite, Leslie, and Vincent; Mrs. Chatterley, Miss P. Horton, and Miss Marston. STILAND THEATRE. Sole Lessee Mr. F. W. Aileron. THIS EVENING, RTLIC 5, After which, THE SCHOOL FOR SCANDAL. Lady Teazle, Miss Fitzpatrick. After which, THE PETS OF THE BALLET. To conclude with THE SOLDIER'S DAUGHTER. , tails, 53.; Boxes, 3e.; Pit, le. 6d; Gallery, 6d.; Private Sox( s, £1 I is. 6d., to be had of Mr. Allcroft, 15. New Bond-street. ASTLEY'S EUROPE'S NATIONAL AMPRITFIEATRE. Lessee and Manager, Mr. William Cooke. THIS EVENING, JULY 5, Will be presented the new Grand iiistoric.al Mi Itary specta::le, en titled THE COSSACKS; or, Vive la France. Followed by a series of Chef d'Ouvres of Art, or Equitation T►E LA HAUTE ECOLE deve'oped in the S^..,nes in the CIRCLE, the whole arranged and conducted by Mr. William Cooke. To conclude with RUSSIA AGAIN3P TURKEY, NOW ON TRIAL. Box-office open from Eleven till Font. Stage Manager, Mr. W. West, ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS. Open for the Season. TEAS EVENING, JULY 5, Will be repeated the entirely NEW and BRILLIANT PIECE of FIREWORK on a gigantic scale, representing the British Lion and Gallic Cock Trampling on the Russian Eagle. All the numerous attractions of the gardens as usual, including the beautiful Panorama of Chosen, by Danson—the extensive and interesting Menagerie— Vocal and Instrumental Concert: Miss Poole, Miss Ransford, and Mr. Manvers. Ac. Concluding with the attack of the British Fleet on Chusan—Explosion of the Batteries and Ships, and final Grand Display of - Fireworks, by Southby. Feeding the animals, Half-past Five. Concert, Half-past Six. Fireworks, Quarter to Ten. Ad mission to the whole, Is. On Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday Next, July 11th, 12th, and 13th, THREE GR kNI) FETES, under -the Patronage of his Excellency Count NALEWSO, the French Ambassador, In ho nour of the cordial alliance between France and England. HIGIT WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE. rine DAY —Morning 45 min.after 8 1 Evening 10 min.aft. 9 TO. \TORROW—Morrung 45 min.after 9 1 Evening 16 min.aft. 10 TRI WEATHER.—Su N Orrice, JULY 5. THERMOMETER, IN THE SHADE. 71— highest since noon yesterday. 55 —lowest this morning and during the night. 67—this day, at noon. BAROMETER, 29'76—rising. WIND. S.W.—Light airs, with passing showers—clouds and sunshine. AlF 4t * . , ,:,„ LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JULY 5, 1854. Yesterday's accounts from Hamburg, received in London a few hours after their transmission by electric telegraph, and published in The Sun of last evening, mention the important fact that, on the 29th ultimo, the Combined Fleets were lying in order of battle within view of Cronstadt, and that a general attack was confidently anticipated for the day following. It is not impossible, there fore, that besides the Victory of the First of June, another victory—the Victory of the Last of June —may henceforth be inscribed upon the warlike calendar of England. It is not altogether un likely that before now the united banners of the tricolor and the union jaok may have been float ing in triumph over the battered walls and smoul dering ruins of the Ostia, or Piraeus, of St. Petersburg. After the announcement just now referred to, we may at any rate be permitted to await, with more than usual eagerness, the next intelligence from the Gulf of Finland. It may be allowable to look forward to our next advises from the Baltic, via Hamburg, with more than custo mary liveliness of anticipation. If our readers revert to our impression of last evening, they will observe that, significantly enough, we can cot but think, towards the close of the communication, dated on the 24th ultimo, from " H.M.S. Less Kar Island, thirty miles from Cronstadt," the writer has remarked, —" No one can say what we are likely to do : If we had lots of troops, I could soon tell you what would soon be done." Almost immediately after this we receive the information, already men tioned, that the combined fleets had pressed on wards, by the 29th of June, to within View of Cronstadt ; and that, lying off the island, on that date, in order of battle, a general attack was expected to be made the day afterwards. The intelligence to this effect arrives in France and England precisely at the very time when the two countries are at last preparing to send out mili tary assistance to the Baltic, for the purpose of fur thering, by land, the maritime operations adventured upon by Admirals CHARLES NAPIER and PARSE VAL DESCHENE. That is to say, we hear that on the 29th ultimo it was expected at Cronstadt that on the day following, the 30th of June, the combined fleets might probably make a general attack upon those fortifications : and, while medi tating Over this important announcement, we are rendered conscious that only now, on this sth of July, an English fleet is going to embark a large body of F rench troops at Cherbourg, and after wards to convey them through the Cattegat to be disembarked somewhere on the shores of the Gulf of Finland, there to co-operate with the Anglo- French navies in their onslaught on the Russian strongholds. Comparing these dates with each other, might WI not with some show of justice complain, as we di d last evening, that again, in regard to one of tl le most important matters relating to the carry ing out of the campaign of 1854, there is evi dence of the most deplorable delay on the part of her MAJEsTY's Government ? Again, Ministers bats° resolved upon doing at the very last moment that should have been done at the very com t aencement. As we remarked yesterday, they are doping at the " eleventh" hour what we declared through these columns to be imperatively requi site at the " first." It was the same in reference to the folly of further negotiation. It was the same, moreover, in regard to the actual declara tion of war against the AUTOCRAT. Ministers persisted in the most frivolous, because the most futile, eflorts to bring about a diplomatic com promise until long after the disgraceful blunder l)f the Vienna Note, until Moldavia and Wallachia had been both ravaged by their Muscovite invaders, until the Russian forces had appeared on the banks of the Danube and actually threatened a march upon Constantinople. Ministers persisted in like manner in refusing to declare war until after that execrable massacre at Sinope, which is still a dark blot upon the escutcheons of the allied Governments. They are now about to send out troops to the Baltic—after accounts have been re ceived of the appearance of the combined fleets off Cronstadt on the 29th ult., and of the probability of their making a general attack upon that insular stronghold upon the day following ! At any rate, if all this does not betray the most reprehensible negligence, it reveals anything but commendable promptitude. It redounds in no way to the credit of the 'Duke of NEWCASLE'S conduct of the War Department of the Adminis tration. On the contrary—it cannot but be re membered hereafter as affording conclusive testi mony of his Grace's utter incapacity to preside over the affairs of the War Office at the time when the Home Office is presided over by Viscount PALMERSTON. Moreover, we do believe that it may be sur mised with more reason than ever that we were right long ago in declaring that the war against Russia had been adventured upon " without heart" by her MAJESTY'S Government. Other wise, as we have already observed, more decision and despatch would have been manifested in send ing military and maritime assistance to the SULTAN. Otherwise, we may now add, troops would have been seutout to the Baltic before the eve of a general at tack by the combined fleets upon Cronstad t. However —that eve has arrived—those troops are about to be conveyed thither : and we must rest so far satisfied with the results of the " festina lente policy" of a perverse and procrastinating Govern ment. Another " innocent " has been ruthlessly sacri ficed. Another bill has been postponed, we sup pose, "in consequence of the war." Never has there been a session of such abundant promise— but deplorably scanty performance. All that we have got is additional taxation—a doubled Income Tax, and enhanced duties on Malt, Spirits, and Sugar. There has been no lack of activity in these matters, that could so readily have been dispensed with. While the various fiscal financial and Par liamentary reforms, for which the people were so urgent, have all been adjourned to a more conve nient season. The Testamentary Jurisdiction Bill is the latest victim. After being carried successfully through the House of Lords, despite the opposition offered at every stage of its progress— after weathering the storm, so far, it has been surrendered at the first summons, and the Mini sterial flag struck, without a single shot being fired, or rather a speech delivered, in favour of the principle decided on, not recklessly or inconsi derately, but after mature and attentive conside ration. The gentlemen of the Ecclesiastical Courts have thus obtained a brief respite. Another year has been given to them to set their houses in order, and to prepare for the inevitable changes that must speedily take place. They have ample notice of the nature of the proposed alterations, and cannot put forward any reasonable demand for time to make arrangements that should be concluded during the interval thus unexpectedly obtained. Since the matter has thus been put off, it is now incumbent on every zealous, consistent, and disinterested Legal Reformer to exert all his energies to obtain a measure as per fect as possible—one that will tend towards the grand object of having every matter brought within the jurisdiction of a single tribunal compe tent to administer complete relief in any case, however complicated, and to dispense with the necessity of an application to any other Court, or the assistance of different legal advisers, unknown to the suitor, and in whom he cannot possibly en tertain the same confidence as i n th ose b y w h om he has been habitually guided in all his affairs for a long series of years. W e s h ou ld th en l oo k to the different points in which reform is loudly de manded / e, the vei t h n o e u c t e s s b a e rr n g c h e a p n r g e e a s d may over bea series of years, and d o l e d out by scanty instal- and may be r egar d e d as i n di spensable, a see t one ti t i ments. and made The jurisdiction now possessed by the Ecclesi astical Courts applies to the proof of wills, or the granting of letters of administration in cases of intestacy—to matrimonial differences—with power of declaring a marriaae void ab initio, al though not of annulling one that had at any time been valid—of granting divorces a mensa et thoro, and fixing the amount of alimony to be paid. Admiralty or maritime cases, including the con demnation of all prizes taken from the enemy. These are the most important points ; b ut there are also cases o f Ch urch disc i p li ne —so far as the clergy, church war d ens, or b raw l e rs in church, and church-rate defaulters are concerned, and also an fam to do penance and pay almost obsolete power of conde mnin g par ties of certain descriptions of immorality , or of defamation, costs. N ow, it i s qu it e clear that in all these case s th e law ma y be far more advantage ously ad m i n i stere d b y ano ther or other trbunals, and that it is, therefore, useless t o at tem p t t o bolster up a sys t em radically defective, or to en deavour t o erect new s uperstructures on an un sound foundation, all of which must tumble down within a few short years. Far better would it be altogeth er t o remove th e dilapidated and tottering concern, and to create a substantial building, suit able to the wants and exigencies of the country, on a solid and permanent basis. The Ecclesias tical Courts must be abolished—the evil thing must be cut off, root and branch. Nor do we apprehend that, when once it is irrevocably de cided, the testamentary jurisdiction—the most lucrative branch of the business—shall be re moved, there will be much struggle on the other points, which would not afford a living, or make it worth while to retain the judicial staff and all the subordinate officers attached to the different Courts. The practitioners may exclaim with SRYLOC " Yon take my house when you do take the prop That cloth sustain my house ; you take my life, When you do take the means ,whereby I live." Knowing, therefore, that the comfortable mono poly which they so long enjoyed, and by means whereof the elder practitioners so abundantly feathered their nests, cannot be maintained, they will be prepared to make a complete surrender on the best terms that can be obtained. The citadel being taken, they will not protract au untenable defence of tht) comparatively worthless outposts. The whole jurisdiction, then, should be trans ferred, and ti !ere has been much discussion as to whether it should be to a branch of the Court of Chancery or to a separate tribunal or tribunals, established for the purpose. The practitioners at Doctors' Coinnions are strongly in favour of the latter course, -which would, to a certain extent at least, continue to them the monopoly they have so long enjoyed, and which, we may add, they have so grievous!y abused. But for that very reason, we dread the proposition. We suspect the Greeks, even when bearing pre tended gifts or offering seeming boons. We wish a change that will not interfere with the contem plated fusion of law and equity—the amalgama tion of all the courts into one general jurisdiction, where complete relief can be obtained. We do not wish for separate proofs as to real or personal estates, or to have one Court to declare whether a will has been duly executed, and another to in terpret the provisions of the very same document, and to decree that it be carried into practical ope ration, and cause all the necessary accounts to be taken. For many reasons then, in addition to those we have thus briefly put forward, we greatly prefer a transfer of the entire jurisdiction to a branch of the Court of Chancery ; and we ear nestly hope that Lord CRANWORTH may abide by the decision at which he arrived after abundant and careful consideration. Another attempt has been made to liberate the demon of religious strife, another effort to create an annual cause of quarrel and contention that would excite the angry passions of the multitude, and occasion the worst description of, " Civil dissension, with its vip'rous tooth, That gnaws the bowels of the commonweal." Had Mr. SPOONER unfortunately proved success ful there would have- been discussions every session, embittered by all the rancour of sectarian spleen and bigotry. Her MAJESTY'S subjects would be arrayed in opposition to each other, and actuated by the fiercest passions. The " compa rative SPOONER." or the " superlative PLUMPTRE," if that Hon. Gentleman should be prevailed on again to enlighten the House with his lucubrations, would be always prepared to denounce the reli gion of many millions of the people—thinking that they rendered GOD service by cutting off the supplies and leaving without the means of sup port those who were educating for the ministry of the Roman Catholic Church. Nor would there be wanting doughty champions on the other side, ready and willing to carry on a guerilla warfare, and to attack the enemy's camp on any or no provocation. There would unquestionably be found a Catholic Roland for the Protes tant Oliver. If the " Exeter Hallians" could boast of a SPOONER, the " Ultra-Momtanists" ,flight exult in " a LUCAS." If NEWDEGATE should be pointed to with pride on the one side, inight not MOORE or DUFFY be exalted on the other ? We have, indeed, escaped a very serious evil, far more formidable to the national peace and tranquillity of the country than the absentees— the Hon. Gentlemen who preferred their soup and ash, and the other agremens of the social board to the dreary eloquence of the proposer and seconder—could have any notion of what pledges (night be exacted from would-be legislators. How might aspiring candidates be badgered by ultra- Protestant voters--no man could possibly remain neutral. No man could avoid giving offence to those whom, although adversaries, he could not help respecting. A week of each session should at least be devoted to squabbles and disputes, and the members should make up their minds to breathe for that time the polluted atmosphere of the House, in place of the pure air of heaven " on mountain, lake, or sea," according to their vari ous pursuits and fancies. Nothing, indeed, since the flinging of the golden apple on Mouni; Ida could have so greatly promoted the cause of " Discord" as the SPOONER amendment to the Public Revenue and Consolidated Fund Charges Bill, if it had not indeed proved fatal to the fur ther progress of that excellent measure. It must be recollected that the object of Mr. SPOONER was to repeal, by a side wind, a matter that had, after protracted and angry discussion, been deliberately sanctioned by Parliament. For all practical purposes there might as well have been a repeal of the Emancipation Act, and an annual discussion on the subject of the oaths to be sworn by Honourable Members before taking their seats, or a blank left in the schedule of the duties on corn, which was to be filled up in Com mittee of Supply during the debates on the Ways and Means in every Session. Those who can re collect the universal agitation that prevailed in every district throughout the entire country, in 1845, when Sir ROBERT PEEL, taking the bull by the horns, determined to take the sense of the country, and, if possible, to remove this fertile source of disunion, will perceive the magnitude of the danger that has been averted by a majority of 16 only—a majority that might have been changed into a minority had the honourable and Learned Gentleman, the Member for Youghal, been enabled to occupy the attention of the House, while the Opposition whippers-in were driving the unwilling absentees from the pleasures of the table to the dry discussion. Fortunately, however, the " time glass" had been turned, and, as according to the recent understanding, no de bate should be resumed after that event, the Honourable and Learned Gentleman was obliged unwillingly to yield, in deference to the general feeling. Hence it was, perhaps, that we are enabled this day to congratulate the country on the great evil that has been averted, and to indulge w In not t e have s o comfortabledain dainty reflection, c d t i i s o b n SPOONER pro its entertainment as that which Mr. point, at least we feel raised to bestow. Of one many sufferers, the chief , provided de Parlia ment forh in Ireland—the most formidable blow against which would be that pofertfhecetlEysctearbtlaisinh,edt. heaht.uracltwhoouulgdh btleiertheewm-oeumldbebres stricken through the walls of Maynooth. Many a wealthy Bishop and comfortable Rector would have cause to regret the withdrawal of the Parlia mentary allowance to the President, Vice-Presi dent, and Students of the College of Maynooth, and the expenses of the establishment allowed by the Bth and 9th VICTORIA, chap. 25. THE COUNT-OUT LAST NIGHT. Mr. J. Bell Mr. Blackett Mr. Bowyer Mr. Brotherton Mr. Cheetham Mr. Currie Mr. Fiehlen Mr. W. J. Fox Mr. Geach Mr. M. Gibson Mr. Greene Sir J. Graham Marquis of Granby Mr. Greenall Mr. Hadfield. Mr. Heywood Mr. Hawkins Lord Hotham Mr. Mitchell Mr. Pollard-Urquhart Sir W. Molesworth Mr. Pugh Mr. A. Pellatt Dr. Phillimore Mr. J. G. Phillimore Mr. W. P. Price Mr. Roebuck Lord D. Stuart Mr. Vernon Sir J. Walmsley Mr. W. A. Wilkinson Mr. Warner CONSISTENT POLITICIANS. In 1815, for placing the Maynooth Grant on the Con- solidated Fund. Sir F. Thesiger Sir F. Kelly Mr. Tomlino Sir J. Walsh Lord Claude Hamilton Mr. Liddell Mr , now SirJ., Pakington In 1851, paired or voted for removing the grant from the Consolidated Fund. Sir F. Thesiger. Sir F. Kelly Mr. Tomlin() Sir J. Walsh Lord Claude Hamilton Mr. Liddell Sir J. Pakington The Duke and Duchess of Northumberland and suite arrived in Paris on Munday from Italy, en route to London. The Duke of Devonshire, we have the satisfaction to state, is daily improving in health at his grace's marine villa at Kemp Town. If the state of the noble duke's health will permit, it is probable that he will visit his extensive estates in Ireland early in the autumn. The Duke and Duchess of Sutherland and family re turned to town yesterday from Cliflen House. Lord Frederick Gower, at the date of the last letters, was doing duty with his regiment, the 2d battalion of the Rifles. The Countess of Westmoreland and Lady Rosa Fane have arrived in Harley-street from Brighton, en route to 1 join our noble ambassador at the court of the Emperor IFrancis Joseph, at Vienna. Viscount and 'Viscountess Palmerston have issued cards for a grand banquet on Saturday next. The vis countess will subsequently have an evening party. Her ladyship will continue her Saturday reanions during the season. CUMBERLAND AND WESTMORELAND WRESTLING SO. CIETY.—The great Cumberland and Westmoreland Wrestling Society have recently marked their estima tion of the valuable services for many years past of Mr. John James, their president, by presenting him with a very handsome silver tea service, bearing the following inscription :—" This service was presented by the Cum berland and Westmoreland Wrestling Society to John James, Esq., as a testimonial of their personal regard and high esteem fur his valuable services as their presi dent." To this is added the date and lists of the stewards at the time in office. MONEY MARKET AND COMMERCIAL lATELLIGTNCE, CITY. TWO o'CLOCK The sales of cotton at Liverpool yesterday were estimated at 5,000 bales„ including 500 American taken on speculation. The market closed tamely without change in prices. The sales comprised 4,000 American, 250 Egyptian, at 6d. to 9d., 500 Surat, at 3d. to 40., and 300 Sea Island at 10d, to 2s. lid. per lb. Railway Shares were flat. Letters to Australia and India, by way of Southampton have to be posted this evening, or before eight o'clock to-morrow morning. The Post-office regulations for forwarding Par liamentary papers to the colonies are not generally known, and it may be useful to give them : " 1. At the same rates of postage at which Parlia mentary papers can be sent to any place in the United Kingdom (including the Channel Islands), and on the same conditions they can be transmitted to the following colonies, if sent by packet, and at double those rates if sent by private ship : Heligoland, lonian Islands, *Nova Scotia, *New Bruns wick, Vancouver's Island, *Newfoundland, *Barbadoes, Turk's Island, Falkland Island, Labuan, East Indies, Cape of Good Hope, Mauritius Sierre Leone, Gambia, Natal, New South Wales, Western Australia, South Australia, Van Diemen's Land, Victoria, New Zealand. " When sent by packet, prepayment to the colonies marked (*) is optional, but to the other colonies prepay ment is compulsory, and in all cases is p-epayment com pulsory when the paper is sent by private ship. "2. To those colonies between which and the mother country a uniform letter postage has now been esta blished, equal to sixfold the inland letter rate, Parlia mentary papers are sent by packet at the same rates and on the same conditions as ordinary books. " The rates of pottage by packet are these :—For a Parliamentary paper not exceeding Ylb, in weight, 6d. ; above 61b. and not exceeding lib., ls. ; lib. and not ex ceeding 21bs., 2s. ; and so on, increasing ls. for every additional pound or fraction of a pound." Various conditions are to be observed in sending these papers. They must be without a cover, or with a cover open at both ends, and each publi cation sent separately.. "The effect of war upon the trade and property of neutrals and Maritime Capture and Prize," is the title of a pamphlet by Dr. James Parker Deane, who has revised Wheaton's book published in 1815, and altered it according to the " new reading." Tile author, however, coincides in opinion with most of our merchants—viz., that we are suffering neutral traders to deprive us of the commerce which we open so directly to them, and may not easily recover after the war is ended. The decision in the case of the Melbourne Gold Mining Company as to the right of a shareholder to sue for the recovery of his deposit, bears out the view taken some time back under this head, and, in all probability, if confirmed by the Court above, will be the prelude to numerous other actions against the directors of abortive schemes. The usual dividend of the South Sea Company of 11 per cent. for the half year was declared this day, with the addition of the income tax, which would be paid by the company. An angry discus sion took place about the delay in not dividing the company's stock amongst the proprietors, when an act had been obtained to justify it. The reply was that the best mode of doing so would be considered by the directors after the meeting was over. - There was a slight improvement in the rates for bills of exchange, negotiated here yesterday upon some of the Continental cities, but Paris, 90 days, was rather lower, being 25 25 to 27k, and Trieste was not higher than 12 40 to 50. Amsterdam was marked 11 171 to 17i, and Hamburgh 13 5& to 6. The notice issued respecting the dividends due upon Consols, &c., runs thus :—"Bank of England, July 3, 1854. Notice is hereby given, that the July dividends will be paid to the public on Satur day, the Bth of July next. William Smee, chief accountant." The question whether the Bank of England will to-morrow lower its rate of discount, is much can vassed in the city, and if it were decided according to the present ratio of mercantile profits, there would not be a moment's hesitation in affirminf , that the reduction ought to take place forthwith. The apprehension, however, that some of our great capitalists may speculate upon the exchanges so as to send specie away, and participate in foreign loans, will have a great effect in governing the course of the Bank directors. The Turkish loan will be for five millions sterling, and is expected to be guaranteed by England and France. The English stock market is quiet, and the speculators are anxiously waiting to ascertain whether the Bank of Englund will alter the rate of discount. Consols have been 93;, ;j, and are now 931; buyers. The New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents. have been marked 931 to 91, and the Three per Cents. 93i to Bank Stock has risen to 208 and 209. Exchequer-bills are is. discount to 2s. premium, and Indian Bonds par to 3s. prem. Ex chequer Bonds scrip is at to 1 premium. There have been several transactions in Russian Five per Cents. at 994 to -?-- per cent. above par ; Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. have been 591 ex. div. ; Mexican are dull, at 211 ; Peruvian Deferred are 521 ; Spanish Threes have been 182 ; and the Certificate is at 41. The following are the nominal prices of foreign Stocks : Grenada Deferred Bonds, 6 to 62 ; Mexican, 24,1- to 241 ; Peruvian, 63 to 70 ; ditto 3 per Cents., 52 to 54 ; Portuguese 4 per Cents., 40 to 42 ; Russian 5 per Cents., 93 to 100 ; ditto 4 per Cents., 83 to 85 ; Spanish New Deferred, 17 to 181 ; ditto 3 per Cents., 37' to 39 ; ditto Certi ficates, 4 to 41 ; ditto Passive, 31 to 41. Railway Shares are rather firmer, and with more doing_ i n Midland, North Western , Caledonian, and York and North Midland. French Shares are quiet, but the other foreign undertakings have been dealt in to a fair extent. Mines and Banks are dull. Crystal Palace con tinue heavy. Land Shares steady. BRITISH FUNDS THIS DAY AT ONE O'CLOUK. From the Oticica List. nosiness done. Bank Stock . .. 203 9 i per Cent. Reduced Annuities 93i $ New 3i per Cent. Annuities 931 4 Long Annuities, Expire sth Jan., 180 , 4 11-16 i Ditto 30 Years, Expiro 10th Oct., 1859 4/1 India Bonds, XlOOO .......,.. ............... Ditto, under £lOOO par Consols for Opening 19th July Exchequer Bills, 20. £IOOO 2,500 par 3 p Small 6 p Exchequer Bonds Scrip, 1858 — Ditto 1859 i R P PRICE OF FOREIGN FUNDS AT ONE O'CLOCK. Mexican 3 per Cent. Peruvian 3 per Ceat. Russian Bonds, 1822, 5 per Cent. £ St 994 1001 100 Spanish New Deferred, 3 per Cont. Spanish Committee Cert. of Coup. not fun 4l Dividends on the shove payable in London. French Routes, 3 per Cent. 72f 51c Ex. 25f100 Dutch Exchange, 2A per Cent. 12 (Gil ..... 59} x d HALF-PAST TWO. Consols for Opening 19th July 93 x d THE NEW STEAM-SHIP PRINCE.—It was announced yesterday afternoon that the Government have char tered the General Screw Company's new steam-ship Prince, of 2,700 tons and 350-horse power, for three months. This vessel is the largest of the company's fleet, having been constructed by Messrs. Mare and Co., and the engines by Maudslay, Sons, b and Field. She is now being fitted out with the utmost despatch, and will be ready for service in about 10 days. CRYSTAL PALACE, JULY 4. SHILLING DAY--No. of season tickets sold to this date, 20,370.—Admission at the doors, 13,182 ; admission by season tickets, 1,634 total, 14,816. CONTINENTAL EXCHANGES.—The letters from the continent yesterday mention no alteration in the general state of the ekchanges. The Vienna advices confirm the main particulars recently given of the intended loan. It is said to have been fixed at a sum equal to 35,000,0001. sterling, which may be extended, if practicable, to 50,000,0001. The instalments are to range over five years, and the price of stock is to be 95, payable in Bank paper, which, being virtually at a discount of 281 per cent., reduces the cost to 661. As the interest is to be at the rate of .5 per cent., payable in silver, there would seem a probability that these terms may render the attempt successful, although great doubts of such a result are still expressed, unless compulsion be resorted to. It is understood that the loan which the Turkish Government are now desirous of negotiating is for an amount of stock sufficient to yield 5,000,0001. sterling— one-half to be raised in London and one-half in Paris. THE MARCHIONESS OF BREADALBANE'S BALL.—On Monday evening the Marchioness of Breadalbane gave a grand ball at Breadalbane House, Park-lane, to their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Mary. The preparatior.s were on this occasion quite as magnificent and ext ens i ve as f or th e l ate enter tainment. to her Majesty. The ball was given chiefly to those who were not invited on that occason, to prevent the saloons being overcrowded, and the company was of course more numerous and general than at the previous ball. The guests commenced arriving shortly after ten, and continued to pour in rapidly until half-past one o'clock, by which time upwards of 1,000 of the elite of the nobility and fashionable world were present, in cluding a large and distinguished asseniblaee of both Houses of Parliament and corps diploniatique. Their Royal Highnesses the Duchess of Cambridge and the Princess Mary, attended by Lady Suffield, Lady Vane, and the Earl and Countess of Ashburnham, arrived at ten minutes past eleven o'clock, and the dancing shortly after commenced. Mr. Lament's splendid band was in attendance in the new ball-room ; and Messrs. Weip pert's full orchestra played in the second dancing saloon. Dancing was continued until an advanced hour in the morning. THE HARVEST IN IRELAND.—The Banner of Ulster publishes an elaborate report of the state of the crops in the north, by which it appears that for years past there has not been so hopeful a prospect of an abundant bar volt as that which is now fast ripening to maturity. LATEST FOREIGN NEWS. THE WAR. OCCUPATION OF WA.LLA.CHIA BY THE AUSTRIANS. Aadvics by way of Paris from Vienna, dated yesterday, state that the entry of the Austrian troops into Wallachia is an " accomplished fact." A telegraphic despatch from Orsova, of July 2, says that seventeen steamers, with Austrian troops on board, have gone down the river. A letter from Crajowa, 20th ult., in the Wanderer of Vienna, states that a Turkish commissioner has arrived in that town to make preparations for the entry of the Austrian troops. A strong feeling in favour of Austria was everywhere expressed. The Turks had not yet taken possession of the points evacuated by the Russians. REPLY OF THE CZAR. VIENNA, Tuesday Evening.—lt is affirmed that Prince Gortschakoff was to have left St. Peters burg on the Ist with instructions to remain in War saw until he learned whether there was any pros pect of negotiation being rencwed on the basis of the Russian propositions. What the propositions are is not known. The Moniteur publishes the following letter from Berlin, dated the 29th June :—" We are assured that the Prussian Government has received from Colonel Manteuffel—sent, as you are aware, to St. Petersburg with a despatch in support of the sum mons of Austria—information indicating a marked coldness on the part of Russia. At the departure of the last courier it was not yet known when the answer of that Court would take place, or in what sense it would he conceived. At Berlin, as well as at Vienna, the retrogade movement of the Russians was considered at the same time as a retreat and as a change of front hostile to Germany." ADVANCE OF THE TURKS TOWARDS THE DOBRUDSCHA. . _ _ We read in the Press, of Vienna :—" A letter from Galatz, 22d ult., states that the Turks are about to enter the Dobrudscha. The measures taken by the Russians show that they expect 3 combined operation of the fleets and of the Turkish army, having for object to destroy the Russian flotilla of the Danube, and to retake the Dobrudscha. A grand council of war is to be held at Sell=la in the early part of Jnly, at which Omer Pasha, Mar &Jai. St. Arnaud, Lord Raglan, and H a li P a ella will be present, and at which the plan of offensive operations will be decided on. Letters direct from Schumla, of the 18th, announce that Mustapha Pacha, who commands the corps of observation of Bazardschick, marched on that day towards the wall of Trajan by Tlautschik. Other corps are to follow. It appears certain that the new line ©f operations of Omer Pacha will be dire'itecl towards the Dobrudscha and also towards Silistria." TWO STEAMERS STRANDED IN THE BLACK SEA. ODESSA, JULY 2. —Two steamers have bees stranded off the Sulina mouths, beyond the reach of the Russian batteries. The crews are endeavour' ing to get them off. BATTLE NEAR SILISTRIA-2,500 RUS- SIANS KILLED. The Wanderer of Vienna has the following from Orsova, dated the 29th ult. :—" Sami Pacha, the governor of Lesser Wallachia, has stated officialif that, according to a despatch from Omer Pachet dated the 24th, the Rus s ian rear- gu a r d o f 25,0 00 men and 24 pieces of cannon was attacked o n the 22d, near Silistria, by .3-frotli Mehemet Paella, the new governor of that fortress. The battle, which lasted two days, ended in the defeat of the Russians , who are said to have had 2,500 kill e d. All the Russian troops are stated, on hearing that the army of Schumla was about to march to attack them, t ° have abandoned not only the environs of Silistrie , but also the Dobrudscha." MOVEMENTS OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY. BELGRADE, July 3.—Prince Gortschakoff b promised the Wallachian militia to remain in the principalities. BUCHAREST, July I.—Prince Gortschakof head-quarters are removed to Untenzi. General Anrep and victualling horses have been sent to Plojesti. The retirement of the Russians behind the Pruth within two weeks is highly probable. Prince Gortschakoff has ordered General Bo' berg, with the chancery, to Fokschan within forty" eight hours. A despatch from Bucharest, of July 1, says that three Russian transports laden with ammunitoll were lost while going down the river to Galat ° ' The crews were saved. A letter from Warsaw of the 26th ult., i n the Press of Vienna, says :—" It is sa id h ere that de" spatches spatches had arrived from St. Petersburg, orderl the evacuation of the principalities an d th e retrea t of the Russian army behind the Pruth ; but from what we understand' it is on ly W a ll ac hi a th a t is w be evacuated, and the Russians will continue t° occupy Moldavia. As to th e evacuat i on of W3i.- lachia that fact i s cer t a i n , G enera l R udiger h a ving been officially informed of it. But in militari circles here this retreat is not by any means 0 , 13 .; sidered as a proof of an y wan t o f success on the part of our arms. It i s , on th e contrary, explained as a consequence of new strategical plans, requ'r mg the concentration of all the forces on a singl point. It i s on ly w h en t h at concentration s tall have been effected that the grea t bl ow , it i s sal"! will be struck. The Princess de Paskiewitsch li ar just set out for Jassy. Her passports had been refused her in consequence of a rule having been laid down by th e P r i nce hi mse lf, w hi c h wa s t o o prevent every offi cer ' s w if e , were it even hi s ow n ) proceed to the theatre of war." FORTIFICATIONS OF WARSAW. On the Ist instant the persons at Warsair inhabit the streets near the citadel, received order's to evacuate their houses, which are to be iniv 3 e" diately demolished in order that the fortificatials may be extended. THE RUSSIAN LOAN FORBIDDEN BY TO EUROPEAN GOVERNMENTS. Correspondence from m os t o f th e l ea di ng coin' mercial towns of Europe, says a letter from Brt, sels, July 2ud, ann ounces th a t a ll th e Governmet" have agreed to forbid th e p u bli c negot i at i on o f ti , r Russian loan. The J ourna l All eman d o f Frank" fort, in an official communication, pronounces an energetic denunciation against whoever may disposed to participate in that operation. It so reprobated in Germany, that the house of Beth' mann has explai ne d th a t it on ly t oo k par t i n t%e Russian loan in consequen ce o f it s connexion voue l the house at St. Petersburg ch arge d w ith t affair. The executive power o f H am b urg , i .L.` e Dutch Government, and the Belgian Governmeo, have declared that they will oppose, a s f ar as ae . pends upon them, any transaction relative to tTh_ . : Russian loan. In England the Crown lawYe i ; have declared that all participation in the lo u % would be considered as an act of treason. In 0 0 face of such unanimity, it is useless to add that tI_ , J A new Russian loan was from the very first looke d upon with suspicion, and considered in itself as ° I operation without solidity. THE BALTIC. - - COPENHAGEN, Tuesday, July 4.—Bomarsund again bombarded on the 26th and 27th June. The fortifications were half destroyed. The Russians were transporting the stores fo vi Bomarsund to Gelaby. THE BOMBARDMENT OF BOMARSUND,,,' The following ac coun t h as b een rece i ve d from Stockholm of the bombardment of Bomarsund " On the 21st of June the Hecla, Captain Hall, t' Valorous, Captain Buckle, and the Odin, Captain Scott paddle-steamers, undertook the difficult southerly passega between the Aland isles towards Bomarsund. About o'clock a l arge roun d t owe r appeared in s i g ht, s it ua t e 1 . 1 1 )°d an elevated position, with two-thirds of its guns in the efO n mates ; and in a short time another of a similar description; upon a still higher point of elevated ground ; a little lovi e o down, on the same shore, a semicircular fort with 800 11 ,, mounted thereon, of which two-thirds were also oa 6 ,:b mated. Sidewards lay a third tower, on the extremehl h e e point of the island of Posto. The Hecla opened t",, cannonade against the fort, which returned it afte r quarter of an hour's delay, when the conflict b eca me g" R , , neral. The English ships moved io a circle at their 0 1?, proach, directing their shot and shells with great prec l o sion. About 6 o'clock a small battery, placed on tb border of a wood to the left of the fort, and mounti n :, six guns of the horse artillery, supported by ehsF, l shooters, opened a hot fire upon the s t eamers , Tv 1)1 , 0 was answered with immediate effe c t. S evera l boo', fell close in front of this battery, which upon t w o oe° ie , sions was deserted by the artillerymen in c ons equenc. e d ; but fresh troops continually rushed to the guns 01 0 great courage and determi na ti on , while the rifleilw, maintained a constant fire. A bomb with burning lit upon the deck of the Hecla ; a young midshipir' n :j named Lucas, with gre a t coo l nes s, caug ht it up, a" threw it in the water before it exploded. At 7 o'clock this b a tt er y was s il e nced, an d deser te . lo 3 by the men. The E ng li s h ve,4sels then cast anchor .r the roads in front of the fortress, and continued t?, e , botnbardine.it of it and the tower on the opposite ei' vi ; The fire was r e pli e d t o a t s hort interval s f rom the for but almost all the Russian balls fell short of the vos e he r About 10 o'clo c k p.m. fire in the magazine, in the for t l ei part of the fo r t res s, and within the fortress itself, apPe n _ er g to have broken out, and was hailed by three loud e!'7 .10 , from the ships' crews. After the lapse of half au