The Sun. — London, England, 1864-09-01 00:00:00

LONDON, THURSDAY, SEPT. 1, 1864. It is satisfactory to find that Mr. LINCOLN'S re election is by no means so certain as his friends and ardent admirers would have the world believe. This is an important step gained, at all events, for it cannot be denied that a prolongation of his tenure of office would bode ill for the interests of peace, and be a blow to the expectations of those who are seeking a peaceful issue to this protracted war. The fact is, that matters have been pushed too far, and because at first there was so much excitement mani fested concerning the war, Mr. LINCOLN has made the mistake that the feeling would continue in its first vigour even when the circumstances that gave rise to it had so materially changed. In this he will be undeceived in all probability before very long, and it will be all for the best if it prove so, for the interests of all demand a spe s e y settlement of affsirs. There is a strong feeling springing up in the States that too much sacrifice has been 'made a l re ady for sn idea, and that some compromise should be made. Mr. LINCOLN'S dream of success is, therefore, very indefinite, and it will be seen that all accounts from America agree in asserting that a reaction has taken place in the minds of =any who hitherto have been stedfast adherents to the cause of the Union. It must be confessed that enough has occurred to damp the ardour and quench the enthusiasm of even more inveterate disputants than thane combatants, if such they could be. We hear of unparalleled losses and injuries to trade and commerce, but with these and hundreds of additional evils, who has yet been able to tell us of one decided gain ? There is neither gain nor glory to be found in the war on the Federal side at all events. The Con federates have made themselves most conspicuous by their courage and constancy, but they have had a cause to fight for, Their independence has been their slavery, but their opponents have been put to their wit's end to find an equivalent to this stirrin g iecentive. They have shouted the Union to l'Attle purpose, and now, it is universally admitteld that the restoration of the Union is impossiloie. They then had recourse to the notion of sla - eery, but that has also failed them. It is, then, Pot be wondered at, that slowly but surely a sentiment has sprung up which condemns the farther persistence in a war which is grievous, costly, and unproductive cf Effects. A strong party of Democrats are in favour of an armistice with the view of csming, to terms. In abort, it may be premised from the intelligence received on all sides that a stron g will is up. It rues be very possible, 8.8 yet, for interested par lies to shut their eyes to it, but no less surely the tide rising which is destined to submerge their p!ats in its gulphs. We may be, however, disa P painted if we are i n t oo great a hurry, r cr these things take time, and it is idle to expect a mighty war to cease in a short time. It is something gained that any indications of a peaceful tendency are ob servable, and it will be our anxious task to watch for further revelations of the same satisfactory tender cy. It will not l.c) surprising ii the prolongation of the war does not, in the end, make mere Secessionists than there were s t the commencement of the out- n. A LFRED MELLON'S CON CERT 1 1Jreak. When we hear the manner in ~vhieli the EVERY EVENING, at Eight. 33.0YAL ITALIAN OPERA HOUSE, COVENT-GARDFat. THE MENDELSSOHN NIGHT. THE " FAUST " SELECTION. Mdlle. C. Patti, Mdlle. Krebs, Meme Rudersdorff ; Mr. oil Ferren, Mr. Levy, Mr. Svensden, and Ali Ben Sou-aile, This keening. Conductor, Mr. ALFRED 3IELLON. Promenade, Amphitheatre Stalls, and Amphitheatre, One Fhilling ; Dress Circle, 2s. Cd. ; Private Boxes, £1 18. and 10s. Cd. The Box Office is open from 10 till 5. T o - mo rrow ,Friday),O'i Selection from STA BAT MATER. Satu , day text, Grand Volunteer Night. Mr. Santley for this night oniy. O n Monday Aex t, a Verdi Night. The Beethoven Night will be repeated on Thursday, Sep tember S. authorities on the Federal side act, it is not. to be wondered at that so strong a feeling of doubt exists in the minds of men relative to the restoration of the Union. General BURBRIDGE is a good sample of the Federal armies, and his exclamation the other day, on hearing that he had been premature in ordering a Confederate Lieutenant to. be shot in place of a man on the other side who had only been wounded, was significant of the terms upon which the contest is being waged. He was, delighted that a loyal man was alive, whom he supposed dead, and one more Confederate in hell, When we hear of dumb anecdotes it seems astonishing that before this some decisive attempt has not been made among the enlightened of the community to put an end to this cruel contest. It is greatly to be regretted that no efforts have been made by the Powers of Europe to put a stop to the carnage and contention. It has been often disputed as to whether it were wise and practicable so to do, but the general opinion has generally been adverse to it. Expe rience has surely shown that what has been done► or rather left undone, for the best, has not turned oat so favourably as was hoped it would_ Beyond mere pacificatory mediation, if at the outset of the war England and France had boldly inaugurated a policy, and recognised the South, how differently things would have turned out. It would have been the best service that could have been rendered to the Federais them• elves, for they have involved themselves in a series of confusions that this generation cannot see them c merge from. As the chance of foreign aid, direct or indirect, is now, however, pretty well over, it remains with the Americans themselves to settle their disputes and arrange their affairs. It is then, on the whole, to be considered that some prospect of peace is dawning upon that distracted country, and amidst the many wars that have desolated the various countries of the world at different times, there can never have been one that more loudly called for a cessation on the highest grounds. Hu manity, the ties of kindred, the claims of interest. all earnestly demand a cessation of the overwhelm ing struggle, and well will it be for the right cause, the cause of peace, if Mr. LINCOLN . is worsted in his efforts st supremacy. He has made a most signal failure from the outset of his career, and it is not often that one for whom so much was expected fails so utterly and egregiously in his attempts to carry out his policy. We learn from the sins and sufferings of others, and this transaltantic contest is rife with lessons of high import, but perhaps no individual case stands out in bolder relief than the experience of ABRAHAM LINCOLN as President. It is, indeed, a career to point a moral as to the vanity of human wishes, and the folly of indulging in vain expectations. ROYAL PR IN CE SS'S THEATRE.-... Sole Lessee and Manager, Mr. Geo. 'PHIS EVENING, BORN TO GOOD LUCK. Paddy Oltafferty, Mr. Dominick Murray. Atter which, THE hT it ETS OF LONDON. Messrs. Vining, J. W. Ray, D. Fi her. D. Murray, J. Nelson. 11. Forret- tcr. li. Mellon ; Mrs. Henry Maiston, Miss Emma Barnett, and Miss I`.nny Gwynne. NEW THEATRE-ROYAL, ADELPIII.- Sole Pronriator and Manager. Mr. B. Webster. THIS EVENING, MY WIFE'S MAID. Mr. J. L. Toole and Mrs. Alfred Mellon. Followed by A WOMAN OF BUSINESS. Messrs. J ., L. Toole, Billington, and Mr , . Stirling. Bil- Alter which, THE HEN AND CHICKENS. -Messrs. Phdlips, Eburne ; Mrs. Stir ing, Alias H. Simms. To conclude with THE ACTOR'S RETREAT. Messrs. J. L. Toole, P. Bethord, R. Phillips, and Miss Woolgar. Commence at 7. 'iv, MOSES A ND SON Xj. respectfully call attention to their large and well asserted stock of JUVENILE CLOTHING... The newest faorics are combined with the latest and most fashionable designs, and the best workmanship. E. MOSES and SON give particular attention to this important branch of their ~usiness, and they can with confidence affirm that the prices al .e such as must satisfy the most economical. This depart rut nt is in a cistinct part of the premises, which will be Liund a gi eA convenience for ladies and children, - LI MOSES AND SON ju •x espectfully invite public attention to their large and well-aescrted SUMMELt STOCK. E HOSES AND SON'S "SANDRINGHAM" WRAPPER j u troduced by them) is the newest and most fashlonsb:e style of Overcoats for the season. MOSES AND SON'S 44,. READY-MADE and BESPOKE CLOTIILNG for all classes and ail ages. MOSES AND SON'S • CELEBRATED "INDISPENSABLE" SUIT, from 50s. MOSES AND SON'S • HOSIERY and DIAPERY, for all classes and all ages. "LI MOSES AND SON'S .12,1 • HATS AND CAPS, for all c asses and all ages. Et MOSES AND SON'S • BOOTS and SHOES, for all classes and all ages. r_.] MOSES AND SON'S r A. OUTFI IS. for all classes, all ages, and all climates. I i MOSES AND SON'S ] •n' LONDON HOUSES, WI, 155, 15f% 157, Minories; 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, Aldg,ate ; 506, 507, 508, New Oxtord—street ; 1,2, 3, Hart-street; 137, 138, Tottenham-court-road ; 288, Euston-road r_J, MOSES AND SON'S • COUNTRY ESTABLISHMENT, Bridge-street, Bradford, Yorkshire. MOSES AND SON'S • Establishments are closed every Friday evening at sunset until Saturday evening at sunset, when business is re sumed until li o'clock. A 1 articles are marked the lowest prices in plain figures. Any article not approved of will be exchanged, or the money re' urned. List of Prices with Rules for Self-measurement, Fashion Card, and our new pamphlet, " The Tercentenary ; or, The Three Hundredth Birthday of William Shaltspeare," gratis eknd post free. COALS. —The LILL CO ;SHALL COMPANY'S LS. Direct from their own Collieries. Marquis'. 235. per ton. I Double.. 20s. per ton. Top 225. „ Deep ..219. „ Well screened and delivered within five miles of their De pots, Westbourne Park-road, W., and 17, South Wharf, Paddington, W., and Maiden-lane, N. Best Coke Terms cash. JOHN SCOTT, Sole 24,,,ant *lll FIE THIRD EDITION OF " THE SUN," Containing the Latest SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, zap be had Every Evening of G. IL NEwe ACEXT, No. 4, Connaught-terrace, Hyde-park. THE LATES r EDITION of '• THE SUN' supplied, as soon as published every Evenn; by Ii i\RY BROOKS, I.ewspaper Agent, 21, Old Cavendish street, W. 111011 WATER. AT LONDON BRIDGE. Tins DAY.—Moruing, 2h. 15m.—Afternoon, 2h. 32m. ro-mroxaow.-Moraing, 2a. 50m.—Afternoon, 3h. 3m. -4/ SUIT, The Schleswig-Holstein question is not yet finally at rest, even retrospectively, and treaties, protocols, letters, remonstrances, and addresses are still quoted and referred to, discussed and re-dis cussed, by those who want to find a plausible pre text for rather suspicious -looking conduct. Prussia having taken firm hold of the Duchies, despoiled their property, and maltreated their in habitants, talking all the while very loudly about the rights of nations, and the fulfilment of sacred duties, is now very much disinclined to give up her "material guarantees." Her statesmen and writers are, therefore, very busy in trying to prove that the Dachies belong of right to Prussia. that she never cordially approved of their union with Den mark (which is likely enough), and that she always intended to appropriate her conquests, even when she was proposing to be only the agent for the enforcement of Federal rights. The experience of the past might certainly have taught the Diet that they were performing a rash act when they suffered Austrian and Prussian troops to represent them in 'he Duchies, for that such customers were easier admitted than dislodged. The tone of German morality on this question is curiously shown in a letter addressed by Count USEDOM, now Prussian Minister at Turin, to the son of Baron BUNSEN, whose name, as we all know, Was appended to the famous Treaty of 1852. Baron von BUNSEN was himself opposed to that Treaty, and many of his friends objected to his signature being &faxed to a document of which he disapproved, but Count USEDOM affirms that Baron BUNSEN declared that he would affix his signature, in order not to render still more heavy the sacrifice which the KING, his master, had to make. The sacrifice of pretensions which are totally unjustifiable, and based on no surer grounds than the rapacity of the strong against the weak, and crazy ambition of an exclue sively military nation to become a great naval power. It seems, indeed, that in Baron BUNSEN'S view the whole Treaty was merely a temporary device to pacify all parties for the time being, waiting for a fair opportunity of again bringing forward Prussian pretension. " It was," says Count USEDOM, " a pragmatic sanction, raised up artificially by parties unconcerned in the matter against the wishes, the rights, and the interests of those really concerned—in short, against the nature of things." It is curious that the diplomatist should make use of the epithet " pragmatic sanction," which at once recals to the reader the days of CHARLES the SIXTH and MARIA. THERESA, and the very questionable means by which Prussia became possessed of the fair pro vince of Silesia. Doubtless the London Treaty, ie, the eyes of shrewd German politicians, even in, th e days of its first existence, was re gavded inh c as FREDERICK, " commo nlalle d the G rea t," mach, y c regarded poor C HARLES the Sirrer:s elaborate pre cautions to secure to his dsu It was an en eeter the A: engagement undisputed possession of her heritage. formally entered into w;ith all due all `.citing ceremonial an d and compliment, Pomp of word phraseology, but was a mask w hi ch it ecaurtly convenient to wear for the time, and whi was only be flung off 'with very little scruple or delacy'a could n the three for action came. This conduct, though not exactly what historians can approve or more ' '. - tsts extol, is at least comprehensive and cone sistent, bat even in our high-flown and grandie loquent days it is rather uncalled for and aggravate ing to find Prussia still protesting that' she has acted for the good of the Duchies, and that the real likings and sympathies of the Schleswig-Hol steiners ever troubled the secret Cabinet at Sans Souci. We are told by the statesmen who knew him well that the chief characteristics of FREDE RICK WILLIAM 11. were " an unchangeable human benevolence and a genuine sympathy of heart," and that these qualities rendered it especially prompt for him to agree to the Treaty of Lon don. " As a politician the King delivered up the Duchies to their fate; humanly this resolve cost him a hard struggle." This is likely enough, but the struggle was rather with the dislike to relinquish a share of his neighbour's goods than any sensitive sympathy for the political hard ships of the people of the Duchies. Prussia just now presents us with a spectacle of inconsistency so manifest as would be ludicrous were not the circumstances so grave, yet she seems to be happily unconscious of the ridiculous spectacle which she offers. A King and a Government who have been in open nOlll%lOll with their own ibubjects, who are everywhere held up as the representative of all that s most tyrannical iu civilised authority, come lot* ward professing the deepest concern in the injuries of a mixed population who are allowed the use of both languages, who have a separate representa• tion and a share in the general government of the Kingdom, and a dozen other advantages which the Prussians have not. But the pretext is a very flimsy one, and Europe has long been aware of the real truth—that Prussia has been long determined on annexing the Duchies, and that her assent to the Treaty of 1852 waa never meant to be more than a temporary evasion. What if France should regard the Treaty of 1815 in the same light, so far as Germany is concerned ? • For lack, perhaps, of more stirring subjects of thought and discussion, sanitary measures are rising into unwonted importance both here and in India. The late season of the year, and the long continued drought, perhaps account for the sudden anxiety manifested among our rulers for details of the public health, for disquisitions on the sanitary condition of watering places, and similar topics ; while the publication of the Reports of the Registrar-General and the Officers of Health, have served to direct attention to many other questions intimately effecting the physical wellbeing of the people. Lancashire, we know, is getting good out of evil by the carrying out of those long deferred sanitary measures so greatly needed by her large and densely packed population, and all parties in that county are gladly availing themselves of the favourable opportunity for remes dying past neglects. But in India, where those ne• glects have reached a pitch never dreamed of in clean and orderly England, while the exigencies of the climate render every sanitary precaution most imperative, the position of the would-be reformers is anything but an agreeable one. It is impossible for the most ignorant not to be aware that the utter defiance of all sanitary laws and regulations in which Hindoos live is not only fatal to themselves, but dangerous to all around them, Any attempt at official investigation brings to light a state of things so shocking as scarcely to bear repetition to English ears, but still the evil remains more difficult to deal with. English authority may indeed be unquestioned, but it is a very diffi cult if not desperate task to deal with popular pre judice and time-worn custom. The quiet Hindoos have also an inconvenient strength from their total absence of that energy and activity which is the main spring of English life. They listen and sub mit apparently to the superior wisdom of the sahib, but they go on their own way notwithstanding, following it with a stolid indifference to all results that is perplexing to an English mind. One would think that they were naturally sufficiently acute to have gathered from actual facts enough knowledge to be aware that impure water is unwholesome, that swamps breed malaria, that decaying bodies, whether human cr and decomposing vegetable matter, of whatever kind, are most prejudicial to health, and that any accumulation of filth near places of habitation are apt to generate fevers. These plain and simple rules might, one would imagine, have been drilled into their minds long before this if only from personal observation. But fever and pestilence go on their way unheeded, and we hear of stagnant ponds used for baths, washhouses, and cisterns alike—of ore en pits into which every description of refuse - : s fl ung close to their places of abode—of graves i n whi c h the dead are interred so near thee surface that the jackals dig them up at nigh! . .. When we add to all this the heat of au Indian sun magnifying every evil, intensifyieig every danger, we need not wonder that fever and cholera have their recognised (levelling places in the native towns. It is very difficult for the Government to act, yet act it must, unless it is prepared to abrogate one of the chief functions of an executive—the care for the lives of its subjects. It is impossible to regulate all the internal arrangements of a household by public decree, yet something is within our ken, and much may be done by a vigorous hand guided by a firm will and a temperate and conciliatory dis position. It is very evident that the Hin doo is totally deficient of any sense of cleanliness, decency, and order iu, his domestic affairs, yet that is no reason why he should be allowed to trifle with the public health by the ene couragement of nuisances which in a more tem. perate clime would be objectionable and dangerous, but which in India are deadly. It has been sug gested that the Government should at once under take the sanitary regulation of the large towns, since the task is manifestly too hard for the munie cipalitiea ; and this suggestion is, we think, a wise or.e, since the native justices are worse than indefferent in the matter. In all questions of social routine or of points of internal law, &e., the natives may fairly be repre sented ; but with regard to sanitary regulations the full authority of the Government will ' be necessary to carry out any important reforms . It might be rendered a legal offence to dig those shallow burying places which are productive of so much mischief —mischief of so revolting a charac ter, and which the Hindoo, who professes to be so especially scrupulous regarding the disposal of the dead, seems quite unconcerned about. The Government itself is not conscience clear about the water apply, but energetic measures might be taker to enforce a separation of the laundress's dee "eartment from the bath and the source of household supply. Inspectors might keep a strict watch over any open receptacles of rubbish and refuse, ' and might render the owner of the house or hut in its immediate vicinity liable to a floe. Some such means will have to be adopted before we get the public health in India to be at all what it might be, and before the terrible epidemics of fever • and cholera become, as they may hereafter do, as 1 rare in Hindostan as in England. BREECII-LOADING RIFLES.—Ttie Secretary of State for War is desirous of receiving communica• tions from gunmakers and others on the subject of the best means of converting the Enfield rile into a breech-loader, under the following conditions :-1. Cost not to exceed I'l per arm; 2. Shooting of the converted not to be infsricr to that of the unaltered arm. Descriptions of methods pro posed, accompanied by spzcimen arms, should be sent to the Direeor of Ordnance, War-office, Pall-mall, on or before the 20th of September. These descriptions and specimens will then be considered by the Ordnance Select Committee, who will select such of the plans as appear to them prima facie promising, Six rifles will bo delivered for conversion to each of those gentlemen whose plans have been selected as above. They must be returned altered within five weeks of the date upon which they are sent, accompanied by 1,000 rounds of such ammunition (and to be ignited in such manner) as the competitors think most suitable. A sum of £2O will be paid to each of the selected competitors, to cover tho expense of converting the six rifles and of the supply of ammunition required. A FELLOW-DE-CE-IVID.—A stranger last week entered a druggist's shop in Maryport, and asked for a strung dose of poison to kill rats. The shopkeeper observed something. strange about the appearance of the man, and made him up a packet of magnesia, labelling it "poison." The stronger went immediately to a public house and called for a pint of ale, into which he emptied the packet of supposed poison and drank it off, He then told the landlord and others in the house what ho had done, showing them the paper labelled " poison." The supposed victim then took an affectionate leave of his companions, and left kind messages for his friends—still there was no mptoms of approaching dissolution. It; the meantime the landlord slipped out to the druggist's and learned the secret of the hoax. To punish the fellow an emetic was admi nistered, and some one, professing an anxiety to relieve the sufferer proposed, for the want of a stomach pump, to in troduce the landlord's spiril syphon, but the tubes were not flexible finough. The after-sickness endured by the man it is hoped will cure him for the future. Ile was turned over to the police, as he might have been, for his deadly intea tiol3,-00/iber(onr?.Pae2wl, LATEST INTELLIGENCE. (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.) SPAIN. MADRID, August 31. The Opposition journals assert that Senores Salverria and Canovis have resigned. All these rumours are at present, however, unfounded. ,THE CONGRESS AT MALINES. (FROM OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT.) MeantEs, Aug. 31. A second day of the Congress has added a good deal to its interesting character. The real practical good to be effected by such gatherings is, after all, the making acquainted with each other men who ought to know each other, who have already corre sponded together, or know each other's name and biography, but who might never have been brought tegether in any other way. This second session already shows that a great number of Catholics of all countries look to the Congress as their yearly holiday, and will return to Malines periodically ; so that a regular set of Malines' men will be formed in the course of time. The word of union among men of such fraternal religions feeling is affected not so much by meeting as during those intervals when the members of the Congress disperse theme selves into groups about the large courtyard before the hall, and form themselves into an immense open air convertazione. Moreover, this year two large halls have been devoted to evening conversation, where the real congressional work is going on nightly with BUll more effect than in the courtyard aforesaid by day, The Congress seems also this year to be still more cosmo politan than last year. My making the acquaintance yesterday of a young Mexican priest, who was educated in a great measure in England, led me to the discovery of a whole group of Spanish priests and laymen, among whom there seem to be several very learned theologians and jurists. I understand that they displayed marked ability and learning yesterday morning at the meeting of the first section, which began like that of the four other sections at about a quarter past nine. The first section treats of religious works. The question before the meeting was the all-interesting one of the mortmain. Many of the Belgians present, imbued with their own modern French legal notions, thought of making light of and of opposing the ancient principles of the mortmain legislation, which were amply vindicated, first by oar Spanish friends who showed that it completed most effec tually the great work of social organisation, which, without it, was constantly threatened with a ten dency to dispersion. The same side of the question, I hear, was taken also by Major O'Reilly, M.P. who delighted the audience by the quiet, clear, and' masterly way in which he analysed the whole sub• ject. All were delighted with the deep and solid learning so well displayed by the brave commander of the Irish Pontifical Brigade. For my part, I selected once more the fifth section, on the press and publications, as my special section, and soon became an attentive listener to the advo cacy of cheap Catholic journals by a M. Stoflet, who was succeeded by a worthy parish priest, who called attention to the practical way of selling them by constituting hawkers for the purpose in each village, The speaker also suggested the :institution of regular village religious songsters, to counteract instanced the di s t e i e t of Y p the evils d one b y t h e general run of songs, and res as one where it had been already successfully tried. M. Coomans, a memb - er of the Belgian Parliament, suggested the `.vision of journals into morning and evening sheets to make them smaller, fresher, and more easily read, He gave us a most amusing sketch of the histury of journals, from the primitive weekly Gazette to the steam-wonders of three or four editions a day. He was followed by the Abbe Mullois, one of the Em peror of the French's private chaplains, a priest whose name is specially known from the success he has had in his ministry among the Paris workmen. The rev. chaplain spoke in the most witty and amusing manner upon the important point of mak ing the most of the booli given as prizes in the various schools, which are the only given books which arc truly appeciated and read with interest by the whole of a family, and which there fore ought to be selected with great care as to proper spirit and suitable talent of composition, that they might thus turn to a full account their insured good luck, in point of number of interested readers. The Abbe Mullois is himself a well•known author of little books specially adapted to the taste of the workpoople. A well known writer, the witty author of Les ferpents, and the Evangile selon Renan, was the next speaker, and proposed as a practical conclusion to the Abbe Mallois proposal, that an international committee should be formed, to give a kind of catalogue ralSollire of the works that should be recommended not merely for their orthodoxy but for their literary merit. A. M. Collinet of Liege, called attention to the importance of selling good books and journals by means of the general hawkers, by making them a great reduction in price. The Rev. Father Dechamps, a well-known Redemptorist preacher and writer, brother of the Minister of State of that name, called attention to the good to be effected by each one personally, by lending good books to friends and dependents. The Baron de Montreuil stated that a committee very much like the one suggested by M. Laterre to recom mend good books, of suitable literary merit, already existed at Paris under the presidency of the well known philanthropist, the Vicomte de Melun, and published i n periodical bull e ti ns . M. Wi g l e y sag gested that, to give such a committee the proper international character, the committee should not limit itself to giving lists of French books, but also of English, German, Italian, and Spanish works. He found that, as London correspondent of the M onde of Paris, many private correspondents selected him to recommend them English works for general reading, translation, and educational purposes. The Abbe Mullois observed that the Vicomte de Melun's committee was already known to him; but that he thought a committee coming from the Malines Congress would be more effective and international. The Able de Geslin suggested that the Academie Catholique to be created at Brussels as a bond among Catholic writers of vari ous countries, should be selected as the literary tribunal required. The motion of M. Lasserre was was then unanimously adopted. The meeting of the section concluded by taking into consideration the means to refute the errors and calumnies so generally spread against the Church. The pro gramme suggested local committees to be formed formed for the p urpose. m. Wi g ley suggested also to adapt to thi s purpose th e British remedy for grievances in general of I , writing to the 2 imes,' , in theshape of C a th olics wr i t i ng to thejournals when they discovered that any calumny was spread against the Church. M. de Poncheville, a young Paris student, then made a most interesting speech on the institution of the Catholic Club of the Luxembourg in Paris, and upon the organ i sa ti on o f suc h c l u b s , offering on th e part of the P ar i s C lu b t o a d m it re . ciprocally to the benefits of the club the members of all other similar institutions. M. Neut, the chairman of the section, announced that this reci procity had already been agreed upon by the Catholic clubs of Bruges, Ghent, Antwerp, Liege, &e., in Belgium. The meeting of the section adjourned at twelve. At 3 p.m. the general meeting of the Congress began. I do not dwell upon the interval, which was filled up by one of those delightful open air conversazioni—and a most agreeable gathering at dinner in the large refectory hall of the S6rniouire. At 3 p.m. the chair was taken by the venerable president, the Brron de Gerlache, and M. Ducpe tiaux read the report of the Central Committee on the labours of that committee to carry out the reso lution of the first Congress. Much enthusiasm was displayed at the entrance into the hall of General Campianmont, the chief conservative candidate at the recent elections for Brussels, and who made himself so well known. in 1857 for his skilful sup pression of the democratic riots of Ghent. The General thanked the meeting in a few words uttered in a fine manly and military spirit and tone. M. Dacpetiaux had not proceeded far with the reading of his report, when another and much louder outburst of enthuaiaatic feeling Departure of their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Princess Mary of Cambridge for Germany. Their Royal Highnesses and suite left last night by the 8.30 p.m mail train of the London, Chatham, and Dover Railway from N ictoria station for Dover, where they em barked immediately for Calais on board the London, Chatham, and Dover Company's special mail packet the Wave. Their Royal Highnesses were received at Victoria and Dover by the principal officers of the railway company. The train ran for the first day on the Admiralty Pier at Dover, alongside the mail packet. We understand that both the morning and evening mail trains of the London, Chatham, and Dover Railway Company will in future land and embark the mails and passengers and their bag gage to and from the trains and mail packets at the Admi ralty Pier, thus entirely superseding the use of small beats and saving the transit to and from the packet and railway. This will be a greatboon to travellers on dark and boisterous nights, and save them the expense of cab or omnibus hire, and the well-known exactions of that almost now defunct body of plunderers, the Dover town porters. Her Imperial. Highness the Grand Duchess Marie of Russia, his Excellency Count Strogonoff, and Countess Tolstoy, have left Claridge's Hotel for Torquay. His Excellency the Turkish Ambassador has left Bryanston-square for Edinburgh. Madame Musurus and daughters have arrived at Paris en route to Germany. His Excellency Count Szielen has left Claridge's Hotel for Paris. The Earl and Countess of Lichfield are about to receive a succession of visitors at their seat, Shugborough, Staffordshire. The Earl of Mount Edgcumbe, accompanied by Lord George Hamilton, have left Chesterfield House to join the Countess at Tunbridge Wells. The Countess of Dalkeith will leave town to-day For Scotland. The Countess of jersey arrived in Barkeley-square yesterday from Osterley Park, Her ladyship will shortly leave town for Brighton. The Countess Craven and the Ladies Craven have returned to Ashdowne Park, Berke, from a tour of visits. Viscountess Stratford de Redcliffe has arrived at Oxon Heath, Tunbridge, Kent, on a visit to Sir William and Lady Geary. Lord and Lady Forester, who arrived in London a few days since from the Continent, left town yesterday for their seat, Willey Park, Salop. THE DUKE OF HAMILTON.—The Bulleti de Lois publishes a decree, maintaining and confirming in favour of William Alexander Louis Stephen, Duke of Hamilton, the hereditary title of Duke do Ohatellerault, created by Henry II , King of France, in favour of James Hamilton, Earl of Arran. MAP AND CENSUS 1861.—A1l of us have a lively recollection of an inquisitorial government paper being left at our residences in April, 1861, requiring our christian and surname, profession, and age ; from which even the fair sex were not exempt. The collection we imagined was for the weal of the State, but are now agreeably surprised at the same being placed before us in a personally interest ing form. This manipulation of otherwise dry figures has been brought out in the form of a map of England, that shows on the railways the various towns, with the popula tion according to the last census ; the counties are tinted and their names prominently coloured, so that the ready student, or the interested rustic, instantly traces his native place, the rail by which it is reached, and the number of the human family there located. In addition, we observe against each place the name of the agent of Messrs Horni man, who have caused this map of such wide-spread utility to be prepared, and exhibited for public view at the various railway statious throughout the kingdom, THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 1, 1864 announced the entrance into the hall of the celebrated Bishop of Orleans, Mgr. Dupanloup, who came in introduced by the Cardinal Archbishop of Malines himself, and accompanied by the Bishops of Tourney, Ghent, and Namur, and followed by several prelates and distinguished laymen. The Baron de Gerlache, when silence was restored, ad dressed to the great French Bishop a few words of appropriate feeling words marked by all the mental vigour which still distinguishes that venerable sep tuagenarian. Amidst ti fresh burst of applause, Mgr. Dupanloup ascended the platform, and in a voice full of emotion thanked the assembly for the greet ing given to his sacred character as a bishop, and to his national position as a Frenchman. "I can easily disinterest myself," said he, "in the matter of your kind reception. lam but a fiction person ally, and feel that it is given to the Catholic and the French bishop. You love Christ and his Church. You salute me as the brother of Sour own bishops, and however unworthy of your courageous and patriotic Cardinal, as well a son of that great coun try with which you have so much in common. I also love you; I love Belgium, which, though a new nation, is more solidly established and more free than many an ancient State, thanks to her faith, her laws, and her King. In Belgium I love especially her good Catholic population, and I am happy to give them, in coming among you a testi monial of sympathy because they have been lately not so successful as they ought to be. Had you not been conquered, I might not have come. But I felt that want of success is a trial, and that the time of trial is the time to prove true affection and faithful friendship." When the applause which followed these words had ceased, M. Ducpetiaux announced the arrival on the previous day of the distinguished French writer and orator, M. A. Cochin, and continued the reading of the general committee's report. Addresses to the German and Swiss Pinsvereins were then read and adopted. An address to the Congress, from 203 young students of Paris, was alsc, read. Several additional honorary vice-presidents were appointed for Holland, Ger many (among whom was Herr Augustus Reichen sperger), France, Spain, and Canada. M. Verspergen called the attention of the meeting to the case of the great Cathoiic journalist of Bologna, Signor Casoni, whose present journal, the Patriota Catholica, is threatened, like the precoole ing journals he has edited, with annihilation, from the fines imposed upon it by the Piedmontese fiscal authorities. He announced that the Bien Public of Ghent had already opened a subscription to come to his aid, and invited the Catholics of Belgium to come to the rescue of this courageous champion of his country's rights and those of the Church. Ducpetiaux announced that the general com mittee subscribed 2,000 f. towards the fund for the payment of the fines imposed by the Piedmontese Government on the Patriota Catholica of Bologna, and told M. Perspergen that he could write with all confidence to Signor Casoin that the Catholics of Belgium alone would be his sureties. The Marquis de Kerchove, a well-known Belgian diplomatist, then delivered a most eloquent address on the spirit of union which ought to reign among Catholics, and which the Congress was so well calculated to pro mote. After this speech, which lasted nearly an hcur, M. Ducpetiaux announced that -the general meeting on the following day would begin with an address from Mgr. Dupanloup. A very eloquent, but not very well timed, address on the Religious Orders, by M. Woest, a young and very promising barrister of Brussels, concluded the proceedings at a quarter past six. In the evening an interesting concert was given in the hall of the Congress by the blind pupils of the asylum of Brother Julien, FRANCE. BOURSE, Aug. 31.—The English Funds have again declined 1. The reponse de primes (option) has been made at 66f. 30c. for the 3 per Cents. That stock, for the account, remains unvaried at 66f. 35c. Mobilier at 1,006 f. 25c. Railway Market quiet, but firm. The following are the closing prices : 41 per Cents 94 75 'ltalian Loan 67 50 Do. end month.... Do. end month 67 56 3 per Cents Do. end month 66 35 Ditto Threes...... New Mcsicaa .... 56 Credit Mobilier 100 E, Do. end month 1005 Bank Shares 3390 Credit Fonder 1215 Roman Russian Austrian .. — Spanieh Threes., Rome Debt 48a Deferred Rd IL Orleans Northern .... Lyons and ? - .lediterranean Southern Western Eastern Sardinian Austrian Lombard North of Spain Saragossa Ditto to Barcelona Cash. Account. 890 887 50 987 50 .. 985 916 25 .. 920 635 .. 637 50 525 493 75 .. 495 350 347 50 433 7.5 .. 436 2:5 537 50 .. 537 50 406 25 .. 402 50 487 50 .. 481 25 202 50 .. 205 dc, 11 T "MAU LITERATURE. Son and Heir. A Novel. Three Vols. Hurst and Blackett. If this is a first work, it promises well for the future excellence of its author. The story is ingeniously conceived and powerfully told. It is not a sensational novel, and yet it is likely to awaken in the minds of its readers sensations of interest, as well as of sym. pathy and sorrow far deeper and keener than are usually aroused by the Eovels aspiring to that reputation. The story turns upon an act of sub lime self-sacrifice on the part of the hero—a sacrifice mitigated by no alluring inducements. No public demonstrations of s'ympathy, no friendly applause or admiration reward him, even his own "self-approving hour" is dimmed by perplexity Everard Chalcote, the hero of this tale of trial, the " Son" whose filial affections are the source of poignant Ytfii cticn, the " Heir" whose inheritance is grief and desolation—is the only child of Sir Hugh Chalcote, of Chalcote Ptace, Bart. " Unstable as water," Sir Hugh, with his kind heart and generous impulses, fatally errs in the most important crisis of his life— he "sows the wind" and the " w"rlwind" is reaped not by his hand, but by that of his ill.fated heir, While Sir Hugh, who "means well," is always in tending to do right, Everard, his son, we are told, " does his duty without thinking of it, and lives a noble life without knowing it." Here is a fuller portrait of— MVERAILD CIL And now, while Everard is endeavouring to answer a storm of affectionate inquiries from his father, I will fully introduce him to my readers. Well, then, to begin with—"my boy," as Sir Hugh called him—was not a boy at all, but a dignified looking man of thirty; tall, broad - shouldered, and, like the rest of his family, fair-complexioned —with that singularly beautiful hair which could be traced in the portraits of the Chalcotes back to the time of Queen Elizabeth, and beyond that— very curly, very light—positively yellow hair it was, " paley gold," as Sydney called it. There was something of a military air about him, as there was about his father. Only, it must be confessed, that in Everard's case, it was duo to a connection with no more exalted position than the Devon yeomanry cavalry. His whole outer man was of the true English type. His face, from forehead to chin, was square and massive, with few but firmly marked lines, and one deep cleft between the eyebrows. The lips, what you could see of them for a thick moustache, were sharply cut and compressed t ogether, but when they did smile, there came all at once such a gleam of white teeth that you were positively dazzled. Altogether there was a cold, hard expression about his face, as if from a lack of shadow, as if he had been too happy all his life to know what happiness or tenderness meant. Only he had a pair of most winning sea-blue eyes, which, when he addressed any one, looked straight into theirs with a frank, boyish simplicity; and when he was silent, had in them a dreaming, abstracted, far-away look, as though they saw things that nobody else did. He was not at all clever; he was not remarkable in any way. He was a born country gentleman, and would never have made himself a name in any of the professions, lie .took a keen interest in country matters, in politics and agri culture; he was passionately fond of out-door sports, rode well to hounds, was a dead shot, and a first-rate cricketer. The author has bestowed great pains upon the de lineation of Everard's character, and the result has been singularly felicitous. The minor faults and weaknesses of his nature, which are exemplified in the description of his early happy days, add a two fold intensity to the bitterness of his after trial, more especially his pride, his morbid, sensitive pride undergoes " a fall," the anguish of which no stranger could realise. Very appropriate is the quotation from Sir Henry Wotton on the title. Page — „ _ "Lord of himself, whate'er befall, And losing all things, yet hath all," J Such, in few words, is the epitome of the career and character of Evtrard Carew Chalcote, for one brief while, Baronet and owner of Chalcote Place. We must not reveal too much of the story. The following glimse of Sir Hugh's fatal indecision will give a faint idea of the interest of the tale without betraying its mystery : PROCRASTINATION. Sir Hugh was left standing in the middle of the room, eyeing, uneasily, the cabinet, which looked at him out of its corner like a great ill-omened raven. Ho ecratchad hie head, pulled his moustache, groaned and muttered to hint • self— " I'd better do it at once. Ho may find cut some day— perhaps after I'm dead and gone." 1 He had not moved, however, when a servant knocked at the door and said that my lady had returned from her drive, and wished to see Sir Hugh. He gave a guilty start, ran to the cabinet, locked it, shook the doors to see if they were fast, thrust the key into ,his waistcoat pocket, and hurried out of the loom. So once more Sir Hugh put off to a more convenient season, doing that which in the end be was forced to leave undone, to his great grief—that which Everard was forced to do, to his—O how immeasurably greater grief. When Everard ultimately makes the discovery, he is bound by a solemn oath to his dead father to pre serve his secret, and he finds himself, he—with his morbid pride and sensitive feeling of honour—finds himself under the alternative of doing an act of in justice, or brtaking a solmenly sworn yowl! The situation is very powerfully and very naturally deso.:ibed, Like the Cid in a similar pe7plexity, he might exclaim— ' " 0 Dieu 1 etrange peine"— Oa de trahir ma flamme On de vivre en. iofame-, , Des deux cotes mon mat est infini." His choice is decided by an infallible rule to a noble nature—Self-sacrifice— " He never errs who sacrifices self." A subdued tenderness—after the stormy struggle of the preceding portion—pervades the closing volume of the story. Like Junius " the sole de pository of his secret," no solace of sympathy or approbation sustains or rewards the struggle of Everard Chalcote, yet is he blessed with the tender love of a true woman's heart—a love that for a time only adds a greater poignancy to the depths of his Affliction, Sydney . Chalcote, Everard's cousin and betrothed, is most admirably depicted. Wayward and petulant in her girlish pride— " A Creature not too bright or good" by the double discipline of love and sorrow, she becomes developed into a nuble specimen of a true, devoted woman, ready, for log'e's sake, to sacrifice love itself, and, with the subliiie trust of true affection, " hoping all things, believing all things !" No shadow of a doubt diCa the sun shine of her heart's affection when the e l : nduot of her lover is most inexplicable. She loves him, she would die for him, and she cannot doubt him. ,This one solace is vouchsafed to Everard—this anj the friendship of honest, genial Ralph Leth bridge, a capital character, who rapidly endears himself to the reader. In the descriptions of the different characters, the author of " Son and Heir'.' is very felicitous. Lady Chalcote, in her selfishness and serenity—Frank, the despicable and treacher ous heir-presumptive—Pendarvis, the honest, de. voted servitor, and many others, are described with a life like fidelity. As specimens of the 'natural writing and vivid descriptions which abound in the pages of " Son and Heir," here is— A HOME PICTURE, Certainly it was a grand old room; everything about it was richly hued and warmly toned. The heavy crimson curtains drawn across the oriel, shutting out the chill grey world without ; the mellow brown panels, the burnished floor with just a square of soft rose-red carpet in its centre ; the walls of books in antique binding, in scarlet and purple and gold; the quaint old furniture black from age—with its scrolls and arabesques, and griffins' heads and heraldic shields—were all in harmony ; and over all floated the golden lamp light, and flickered the ruddy fire-glow. The table, once sacred to books and papers and literary ware, was invaded by a small detachment of wafer-like tea cups and saucers, all over pagodas and Chinese trees, and long-tailed birds commanded by a cilvar tea-urn, which conld boast of being an heirloom. And here i 3 a charming glimpse of— MORNING. Morning came, fresh, grey, chilly. A thrill and murmur of awakened life seemed to run through the whole world. From tar-off fields and farms came pleasant country sounds —cocks crowing, cattle lowing, sheep bells tinkling. A fresh day had begun, a day just like any other working day. The world would go on just the same as usual, for all that happened in one small room at Chalcote Place. The spar rows came out of the ivy, and hopped and chirruped boldly on the window sill—that room was so quiet. And from tree to tree blackbirds and thnishes sang, and their notes swelled into a chorus of what seemed ''ke praise and thanks giving. For God is great. As a contrast to which we may take the following : EVENING. The sun was low in the west. woods that bounded their horizon were drowned in floods of molten gold, end the level award of the park, what with buttercups, and the long streaks of sunlight, looked like a "Field of the Cloth of Gold." Upon the terrace the:granite urns were likewise burnished g o ad--below, the grim old cedar trunks wer scarlet, the cedar bou g hs were bronze, each leaf o f th e glittering, copper beech was a littering, blood-red ruby, and th e r oses burned fire. Far away to the left, in one of the ahrkstOOd up sharp and clear and purple-black trees a g ainst the amber sky a thrush was singing his evening Bong. All this like w Which 3 'unconsciously noted by both Everard and Sydney, and th e calmness and gorgeous beauty of that evening would come back vividly to their memories some future day. Some readers may b e disappo i nt ed w i t h t h e con clusion of the story, but all will be deeply interested and enthralled by its Perusal. It i s a wor k o f a higher class and better tone than the ma j or i ty o f the novels which coma befor e us, and it is likely to benefit as well as to delight the reader—to benefit him by lifting his thoughts for awhile above the sordid interests of meaner creatures, to contemplate the struggles of a noble heart, not for gold or gain, not for pomp or place, but for principle, and virtue, even at the cost of all things. 71t9 Biglow Papers. By hoes Russell Lowell. One voi,, pp. 200. John Camden Hotten, If by no more than the publication of this delight ful little volume—comprising within it the whol e of the world-famous Biglow Papers—Mr. flatten may be very fairly said to have here 11203 t auspi ciously inaugurated his movement across Piccadilly to a new and ampler tenement than the old one hitherto (and, for that matter, still for the time being) occupied by him, hard by the north-east corner of Green Park, It augurs well for his career as among our London Publishers. For, it testifies at once his taste and his enterprise. It conveys to the reader of it —this choice little book—proof positive Of t h e soundness of M r . H otten ' s judgment and of th e niceness of his judgment. And we speak this die, tinctly and individually of the publisher of this London Edition of the Biglow Papers, because he is at once, i n regar d to it, the Editor of the Volume as well as the Publisher of it. The Editor of it, not, be it understood, just nominally, but searchingly and thoroughly. And—the work itself ! This won• derfully comical book of " The Biglow Papers !" For genuine Yankee wit, it is a masterpiece. Any one who has a relish for the grotesque freaks of rhyme indulged in by Tom Hood, for the racy and abounding humour of Sidney Smith, for the capricious rhythm and inexhaustible tun of Thomas Barham, otherwise Thomas Ingeldeby—any one who has a recollection of having years ago shaken his sides over Colman's " Broad Grins," over Haliburton's laugh tersmoving but imperturbable " Clockenaker," over Cenning'e extravagantly ridiculous " Anti-Jacobin," with its Friend of Humanity disco:easing in immor tal sapphics to the needy KnifeeGrinder--any one, in a word, who has an eye for real mother wit, keen appreciation of the truly humorous, and risible muscles susceptible of entering into the Sun of a joke with an instant and com plete enjoyment —may .be certain of this that the "Biglow Papers" are just the very thing for him! Wherever he opens them, they are sure of hitting him to a nicety in the midriffl If adaptable to any known tune, they are certainly adaptable to the air of "Away with M e l anc h o l y ." Th e illustra tor of the very cover of this shilling reprint of the work in its popular London Edition, has caught the very genius of the book upon th 3 point of his comic pencil. For, there, upon the centre of_that outer title page, has he not (this ingenious draught sman ) pourtrayed a very model or beau ideal of a Y an k ee Volunteer ? With the old constitutional initials— that once renowned "U. S." that seemed to say (monosyllobbically), and with the true Yankee twang, US can whip all creation ! The world-famous " U.S." by thi s time all but " U imprinted here on the crosabelt of th e uniform of the Yankee Volunteer pur e t s i mp l e (in one sense anything but pure or simpl e ), this elite creature with the broad-brimmed hat upon hi s cranium, his lantern jaws fringed with a p o i n t e d stubble of beard, his olfaotories just inhaling a flavour of snuff from the point of his right thumb, his left yet holding before him the open snuffbox— indicative probably of his being, par excellence, one who is (in his own estimation) always " up to snuff." Beneath this spectacled effigy of your Fighting Yan kee—as a sub-title to ,the " Biglow Papers" there appears (as we presume the English publisher's and Editor's definition of these same " Biglow Papers" not tho author's)—the intimation that the little book contains within it " The Choicest Rumorcus Poetry of the ,Age." And, really, for that matter, if we prefix to that statement th e two additional words, " Some of"—the asser tion, thus qualified, will have just hit it ! For the fact of the matter is simply this—these Biglow Papers are, in their own classic phraseology, " true grit." Whether we accep t t h em as from James Russell Lowell (mer e ly as th e mout hpiecee--of Hosea Biglow of Jaalam—of Increase D. O'Phace, Esquire —or of Bridofreduna Sawin), these wonderfully fanny,wise and witty,bitingly-causticyet thoroughly good humoured effusions, are, in truth, the truest of "true grit." Th e P oet, in quaffing his pot of Helicon-liquor, h as d rawn i t evidently from th e r i g h t tap —one worthy of the name given (rather doubt fully) by the burly landlord to that memorable glass of beer drunk by poor little David Copperfield on his birthday—" The genuine stunning." Here it is it last —not dubiously foaming up in the tumbler handled by David Copperfield, but sparkling and bubbling —as fresh as ever—never for that matter stale, flat, or unprofitable, in the g‘ native pewter" fingered with an adept's touch by Hosea Biglow of Jaalam aforesaid. Take the merest taste of it, and. say whether in spite of its profanities, its vulgarities, and its stupendous eccentricities, it be not as we have said—the genuine stunning— We begin to think it's nator To take sarse and not be riled ; Who'd expect to see a tater All on eend at bein' killed I Or again —and surely the reach of profane, fami* iiarity could scarcely any further go---* God hez sod so plum an' fairly It's ez long ez it is broad, An' you've gut to git up airly Ef you want to take in God. As to War— I dunno but wat it's pooty Trainin 'round in bobtail coats -- But it's curus Christian dooty This ere cuttin' folaa's throats. Another while, pretty much to the earns effect in meaning though to a different measure, qnoth our transaltiantie chanticleer (still harping!on War) — This sort o' thing aint jest like thet—l w ish that I wile furder— Nhoepunce a day fer killia' folks comes kind o' low ter mn?der. The fuL', the wisdom, the wit, the humour of the thing eau only be caught by reftdilog these most whimsical papers each in its entirelti—or, better still, the whole series of Biglow papers just as they are hero presened to us, with all their fantastic in troductions, foot-notes, interpolations, and runn.. ing commentaries. Mr Molten has done exactly the right thins in issuing precisely this very edition of James Fussell Lowell's literary master. piece. The Danes in Camp. Letters from Sonderborg. By Anberon Herbert. One Vol., pp. 2 21, Saun ders, 0 tley, and Co. The author of these pleasant letters ktouses their homely form, written as they were during his resi. dance in Denmark, and at toe very seat of the war. His object in their publication is, he tell s us, twos fold. " I have been iefluenced by the double wish to reproduce in some simple fashion, for the sake o f those of my countrymen who are interested i n the present fortunes of Denmark, a part of My personal impressions and experiences, and also to place on grateful record the kindness with " 0 hick soldier and civilian, stranger and acquaintance invariably befriended mo during my visit to that country." Written in an easy, gossipping style, full of inci. dental anecdotes and reflections, these gi L e tt er wv give a very interesting glimpse of Daumark an d t h e Danes. Mr. H er b ert recogn i ses mar ' Y points of resemblance between Englishmen and Danes. ter example, where he writes — Comparing breakfasts, I here take oce!sion to notice what has been striking me most forcibly during , the l as t fevr days—the resembl ance b e t ween the Danes and the English. There is not only a resemblance between us i n certa i n , loading points o f c h arac t er , not only do I thi n k t h at t h ey have a double portion of that honesty and straightforward ness which we are apt to claim for our own national cha racter and peculiar birthright, not only have they a man liness and dignity of behaviour which is certainly a northern rather than a southern virtue, taut 1 find that In some