The Sun. — London, England, 1863-09-21 00:00:00

THE CIVIL WAR IN AMERICA, (.Front. the Special Correspondent of the Times.) NEW YORK, Sept. 8. The A merican mind is greatly troubled, or, in America n phrase, "exercised," by the creation of a monarch y' n Mexico, under the protectorate of the Emperss of the French, with the goodwill and con sent of Great Britain and Spain. Such an event is held t o be equivalent to the recognition of the South( era Confederacy, and its final establishment as an in dependent power. The Democrats and the Repu' olicans—the peace party and the war party— are a like indignant. Had Great Britain alone been the originator of the project, there can be little question that it would long ago have been made a cases belle by the Federal Government, that the dry bones of the defunct Monroe doctrine would have been galvanised into the semblance of vitality, and that an army of occupation would have found in Montreal that scope for its valour which is ne cessarily denied it in New York. Bat, with Franc© the case is different. France was once and often the en erny of England, and is therefore entitled to the gratitude of all true Americans. France aided Wash ington to make rebellion successful, and it is in some degree the foun derof American independence; there fore, much must be forgiven to so early and so powerful a friend. But there are some things not to be tolerated even from France ; and the establish ment of a monarchy in Mexico is one of them. But how to resent it is the question. The fire-eaters, the blusterers, and the Bobadils call fur im mediate war ; but the Cabinet, finding that the subjugation of the South is much more than it can manage, is content to await the further develop ment of events, before it compromises itself, even by a protest which the Emperor of the French may be in a mood to treat with contemptuous silence. It is thought, under the circumstances, that Mr. Seward will trust to the chapter of accidents, and especially to the chance that the Archduke Maxi milian may refuse the perilous dignity, and, in default of any one else, that not even Mr., or Prince Patterson, Bonaparte, will lend himself to the schemes of his cousin of the Tuileries. But the feeling of anger is none the less bitter; and as it seems to be at this moment the predominant one among American politicians—professional and non professional—and of all ranks and degrees of men, it is possible that Mr. Seward may endeavour to make capital out of it in order to strengthen his party at the ensuing elections and catch the vote of such wavering War Democrats as prefer the Union to liberty and extended territory to happiness. But the Emperor is master of the situation, and the Americans know it. They know, moreover, that if he carry out his Mexican designs he will have the moral, jr not the military and naval support of Great Britain, and that the reconstruction of the Union will be utterly impossible, unless the South, in a revived love for the Monroe doctrine, should forget its insults, forget its wrongs, forget the Emancipa tion Proclamation, forget the blood of its best and bravest sons poured out like water for the last two years in countless battlefields, forget its ruined homesteads and its devastated provinces, turn gall into honey, and its immortal hate not only into lik. i ng but into love, and in this beatified state of mind unite with the North to drive France out of Mexico and England out of Canada. The hope that such may be the solution is but the shadowy reflection of a needle's point, and yet there are thousands of otherwise sensible people who indulge in it, and call upon Mr. Lincoln to stultify and humiliate himself; his Cabinet, and his party by proposing an amnesty and reconciliation with the South with this object. But if you ask these worthy souls what they would propose to do in case the South should reject the proposal, and what verdict the Americans would afterwards pass upon Mr. Lincoln for so ignomini ous a failure, they have no reply to make. Another phase of the American mind in reference to this question deserves notice. While the South manifests the loftiest self-reliance, and has not the slightest misgiving of its power to stand alone, the North continually asserts the impossibility of any Northern Union, if the South be taken from its grasp. United with the South they can defy the world—disunited from the South they must drop to pieces. Such is the invariable cry of the war Christians, the war patriots, and the whole Repub lican party. Mr. Everett—who was once of opinion that the " wayward sisters" should be allowed to depart in peace, but who veered round to the oppo site faith as soon as the "stars and stripes," " the :flaunting lie and the hate-polluted rag," immorta• lised by Mr. Greeley, was shot down at Fort Sum ter in 1861—sees no hope for the North, if the South should win its independence. In a letter read to the Springfield Convention immediately after Mr. Lincoln's, in which he urged the people to forego, during the progress of the war, even their right of criticising those in power, ho gave expression in this cowardly sentiment —or, per bops, it should be called instinct—which seems to possess and actuate the whole Northern people. " Considering," he says, " the war which has been been forced upon us by the ambitions dema gogues of the South as a question of na. tional life or death ; that to have the doctrine 01 secession established at the mouth of the rebe l cannon is simply to consign the country to a future of eternal Border war, and to lay its dis honoured fragments at the feet of foreign Powers, I cannot but think it unpatriotic, for the sake of a party triumph to make political capital out of the difficulties, or, if you please, the errors unavoidably incident to the conduct of a war of such gigantic dimensions." It was not thus that British states- men, of the rank in which Mr. Everett would like to be placed, spoke and acted during the rebellion of the American colonies. They did not desire to Hence the free opinion of the country. They did not choose to hound on the Administration of the day to its own ruin, They did not despair of England even if the empire should be dismembered ; and did not fear that the brave old land would continue to be as great and brave when separated, although at the cannon's mouth, from her reluctant colonies as she bad ever been before. The result proved how wise es Well as how patriotic they were. Bat Mr. Everett end the Northern politicians seem to be above learn ing a lesson from the history of England. They have f orgotten the traditions of liberty. They love em pire so desperately that they have no room in their heart. for any other affection. They belie their own glorious origin when they talk as they do, and superabundantly prove their readiness for the Strong de spotism which is surely coming to bind together th e broken fragments" of a Union which, on their ow n showing, is certain to fall to pieces, as soon as it shall have a strong and independent neighbour of their own blood and language to the south of the Potomac It is not thus that f reemen worthy to b e f rail ' should either thi n k or ac t ; and not with such craven misgivings that the North separated from the South can ever succeed in making itself a great nation. While public attention is al most exclusively the defences of di rected to Mexican affairs, and th e slow progress of the attack onCharleston varied by an occasional twitch of discomfort whenever a rumour crosses the Atlantic of the laun c h of a new indications,Confederate war steamer, there are neither few n or faint, that the Federal occupation o f Louisiana, with the exception, perhaps, of th e city of New Orleans, is seriously endangered ; and that events are on the eve of taking place in that quarter which will render nugatory all the cost and sacrific e incurred by the capture of Vickeberg and Port } Judson- General Banks is an excellent officer, but the Fed era l Government cannot or will not spare him men sufficient for the heavy task it has set him. He is a good ad m i n i strator and man of b us i ness , bat, being presumptuous enough to keep a con science, and to wish to act as becomes a gentleman and a Christian, h e has found it impossible to govern New Orleans on the .of his predeces so r. He neither insults women, eprisons m en un j us tly, himself, levies black mail to enrich or in other modes plays the part of the brutal Beshaw which Butler rendered so popular among the spectators of the drama who happened to be so far out of reach of the s t ag e itS NOV York and New England. It is true that the subordinates of General Banks are tot so pure as himself, and that he has been unable to pre vent, or even to discover, many acts of cruelty and extortion whieh have been practised in his name. The results are that Federal rule in New Orleans and throughout Louisiana is as hateful as in But ler's time, and that resistance has assumed a shape, secretly as well as openly, which is likely to prove unpleasantly to the Northern Government the inn conveniences of keeping a Poland without employ. ing a properly qualified butcher and a terminator to hold it in subjection. The great object aimed at in the siege and cap ture of Vicksburg and Port Hudson was not the mere possession of these places, but the opening of the Mississipi from St. Louis to New Orleans to the trade of the West. The object has not only not been obtained, but has been thwarted and prevented by the Government itself, In order to crush more ef fectually the spirit of the Louisianians and of the citizens of New Orleans, and to throw all possible chances of money-making into the hands of the few " loyal" inhabitants who yield a real or pretended allegiance to the Federal Government, and of those speculative "loyalists" of the North who have fol lowed Butler or Banks to the South with the hope of turning a dishonest penny out of the miseries of that once rich but now sorely oppressed and impo verished region, no one not known to be "loyal." or who will not, if challenged, teke the oath of fealty to the Union, is allowed either to send a cargo up the river or to receive one if it comes down. If a merchant in St. Louis, Memphis, or Cairo consigns produce or other goods to any one in New Orleans with whom he was accustomed to trade before the outbreak of the war, there is great danger that the goods will never reach their destination, for the consignee must take the oath of allegiance before he is permitted to touch them. And if it be remem bered that about nineteen in every twenty of the commercial classes of New Orleans sympathise with the Confederates in heart and abhor the Govern ment at Washington, it will be seen that the up river trader has but small inducement to resume his trade in the old channels through which he was accustomed to run. Nor is this the worst part of the business. The rule in New Orleans applies to the whole of Louisiana. If a man buys a coat for himself, or a dress or shawl for his wife, or any article whatever that he wishes to take or sand beyond the city boundaries, he must first apply to a permit agent, to whom ho must pay a tax of five per cent. on the cost of the commodity. He must next take the " permit " to the Pro vost-Marshal and personally await—it may be for a whole day--the certificate in writing of that functionary that all is right. If a sugar planter desires to purchase a barrel of flour, pork, lard, or beef in St. Louis or any other Western city, he must go through the same:process. In like manner if any merchant of New Orleans would purchase sugar or molasses from a planter up or down the river, he must pay five per cent. on its assumed value for a "permit," and on its arrival 2c. per lb. for Internal Revenue Tax, and 5 dollars for " hos pital fee." If a permit to bring cotton into the city is required, the applicant must deposit 20 dollars per bale, as the tax levied at random upon its pre.supposed quality and quantity ; and if upon proceeding to the depot where cotton was supposed to be stored he finds that the planter has not the quantity or is indisposed to part with it, or that freight has risen to an all but prohibitive rate, ren dering the trade uncertain of profit, he has to MEMO raiise the Provost-Marshal for a return of his deposit and wait months, perhaps, before he can receive either the money or an answer. And on the least sus picion, or perhaps from the mere caprice of that functionary, he may be required to take the oath of allegiance to a Government which he detests ; which if he fails to take, his deposit becomes forfeited, and he himself may be consigned to prison for contumacious disloyalty. Under circumstances such as these it is not surprising that trade on the Mississippi is anything but brisk, and that the per secuted people, condemned to take the oath or to be ruined in their business, should take it with a men tal reservation, and only wait until the pressure of Federal occupation be removed to give, with heart and hand, that allegiance to the Confederate Govern ment which has been extorted from their lips by the agents of an administration which they would despise if it were weak, and which they abhor be cause it is powerful. Thousands of such worse than useless oaths have been imposed upon the mercan tile community of Louisiana since the nominal open ing of the Mississippi; oaths taken with a flippancy and sometimes with an insolence that ought to con vince the Federal authorities, who know the ante cedents of the persons subjected to the ordeal, of the little security, for the present or the future, con tained in such hard or such light swearing. Re cently a merchant, known in the slang of the Unionists for his "secesh proclivities," was desirous of sending some goods from Memphis to New Or leans. He applied to the Provost-Marshal for a per mit, and the Provost-Marshal, knowing his man, asked him pointblank the question, " Are you a loyal citizen ?" "No, sir, I am not in your sense of the word loyal." " You can have no permit unless you will take the oath of allegiance." " I will take it," lie replied, and did so accordingly. " Now, sir," rejoined the Provost-Marshal, " you have taken the oath, do you know what it means and implies ?" " Perfectly," said the merchant, " it means a pad lock cn my mouth, and implies a bayonet at my rear." The word thus emphasised may be rendered more truthfu ) ly, if more coarsely, by an em phatic Anglo-Saxonism, if the substitution ac cord with the taste of the reader. Another merchant in circumstances somewhat similar was asked to take the oath as a preliminary to a very ordinary piece of mercantile business. He took it without scruple, and when he had done so, coolly told the Provost -Marshal that he considered him no better than a highwayman. "You have extorted an oath from me," he said, " as Dick Turpin might have extorted a purse of money. I yield the oath be;; ause I am p ower l ess in your hands, and resistance would b e use l ess. But I consider that I have been robbed, and, should circumstances per mit, I will resume possession of my oath as if it had never been stolen from me." It is evident from such facts as these that those Western people who have speculated on the renewal of their former trade with Louisiana have not much reason to congratulate themselves on their prospects, and that Vicksburg and Port Hudson might almost as well, as far as their interests are concerned, be in the occupation of the Confederates as in those of the Federals. The planters have little to dispose of, and the disposal of that little is rendered unne cessarily difficult by the mingled tyranny and cor ruption of the Federal officials. Such is the c orn . mercial aspect of that once teeming region. Nor is the military aspect any better. General Banks conquered the country of the Bayou Teche in Apri [ast, but the small force he left to maintain posses. sion has been overpowered and overwhelmed, and according to the latest accounts is in full retreat towards New Orleans. General Grant, in view of this new difficulty, has been ordered to take Banks's place; and Banks, always ready—as a preux che valier should be—to do the duty assigned to him, is to take a command in Texas, and hold himself pre pared to checkmate any designs which the French Government may have formed on the Rio Grande and in the port of Matamoraa. Though not of any particular importance, a little incident which has just occurred may be cited to show the inferior materiel out of which the officers of the Federal army is composed. This inferiority is one of the most patent facts in the daily history of America. In other countries an " officer" and a " gentleman" are suppose d to b e synonymous terms. A "rowd y " pr i vate, if properly drilled, disciplined, and led, may f d officer -13, l a a p n r g o u r a a gnbe conv er t e d b y t i me and exper i ence into a b rave an excellent soldier ; b u t a " ro wdy" r eqnenter of bar-roo ms an d grog s h ops , e a , aswearer,nd pro m oteddirtya t l i o k e m i i n i i t h e his pd p r e a r n s k o n fo a r n d p o h i i i s . tical and not military and being incap a bl e Fk e ly to gov ern others, e reasons, remains a "rowdy :'' of governing himself, is n o t years ago the army as a bully and a tyrant. Two army swarmed with such o fficers, n but f time,the W the accidents o f war, and the determination Dep artment to reform the matter unsparingly, have d one much to weed e t out these black sheep and supply their places with men of a higher character. From a recent meeting of the army chaplains—gentlemen who receive the allowance of 100 dole. a month and rations, and who consider themselves aggrieved at not being placed ❑ every respect on the same footing as captains— would appear that there Are rowdy eergymen in THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER, 21, 1861 the Federal army as well as rowdy soldiers and rowdy officers, The grievances discussed by the chaplains were threefold. The first was that their pay was deducted during sickness, while that of captains was not ; the second, that they were not recognised as entitled to transportation for their baggage ; and last, and worst of all, that they were insulted by the officers and laughed at by the men, and that no measures were taken by the command ing Generals to enforce the attendance of the soldiers at prayers. One of the principal speakers, a " clergyman" from Pennsylvania, discoursed of these and other hardships in a style which was enough to prove, irrespective of the first two grievances, that the third was irremediable, and that no soldier of any religious feeling would tolerate compulsory attendance at any prayers prayers which such a person might offer. "I lately went," he said, " to see the colonel, and had the colonel's fist under my nose as an answer to my complaint. I drew off, as you may believe, and swore to make guano of the colonel, or any one else (so help me God) who interrupted me in the per formance of my duty. More than that, I let him know that I had once been a blacksmith, and cau tioned him, if he valued his bones, to keep out of the reach of my sledge hammer." Clearly this " reverend" person mistook his vocation, and should either have stuck to his forge or joined the army as a private soldier. The wonder, however, is that with such colonels and such chaplains the rank and file of the army behaves as gallantly as it does, and that it is not hopelessly demoralised by the many bad examples which are set before it by those whose duty it should be to elevate and improve it. The panic in the stock-market has partially sub sided. The small speculators have been ruined . the larger ones have been crippled and taught wis dom ; but no failures among the higher order of bankers and brokers have occurred to strengthen the existing alarm. The "ring" of great capital ists, who by their combinations contrive to keep up the price of shar es i n some particular lines, are again at work to bring these fancy stocks to their former rates, but as yet with only moderate success. Gold maintains itself within a slight fraction of i.ts recent advance, the brokers of Mr. Chase not being in a position to affect a fall while their chief is in the market as a borrower of fifty millions of one sort of paper, to be reimbursed in another. The ge neral belief is that there must, of necessity, be a further fall in stocks and a steadily advancing pre mium on gold, and that the panics of the New York Stock -market are likely to be intermittent until the grand finale and smash, which may be cleverly post poned, but which cannot be prevented by all the skill of Wall-street and all the prudence of the Financial Minister. WEATHER PROGNOSTICS. (From Creswick's Weather Guide.) If the cloods in the west are red, with a tinge of purple, t portends fine weather, the reason being that the air,when dry, refracts more of the red and heat-making rays than when moist; and as dry air is not perfectly transparent, those rays are reflected in the horizon. A coppery or yellow sunset, on the other hand, foretells rain. A very certain indication of wet weather is produced by precipitated water. '1 he observer, though, must not confound the halo with the corona. The former is a luminous circle seen round the moon or sun, with a diameter of 20 or more degrees; whilst the corona is a number of coloured rings formed immedi ately about the moon's place. When the rainbow appears in the morning, it is a sign of wet ; when in the evening, of fine weather. The reason given by Sir Humphrey Davy for this is, that as the rainbow can only be seen when the clouds depositing the rain are opposite to the sun, it follows that the morning rainbow must be always in the west, and the evening one in the east. Now, as most of our rain comes with a west wind, a bow in that quarter would indicate that the storm was coming towards the observer ; on the other hand, a bow in the east would indicate that the storm was passing from him. Fair weather is betokened by the swallows flying high ; the insects on which tbese birds feed are always to be found in the warmest stratum of air, and the swallows conse quently follow them. Now as hot air is lighter than that which is colder, it will always occupy the higher position; when, therefore, the swallows are seen flying high,we know that there is no fear of descending currents of colder air ; but when they fly low, the warmer air will probably be in vaded by a colder stratum descending, and a deposition of water is liable to be the result. 'With regard to what may be learnt from the appearance of the sky and clouds, the following general directions will be found useful. As a very good collection of these pheno mena, together with the inferences drawn from them, have been brought together by Rear-Admiral Fitzroy,in the pub lications issued by the Board of Trade, we cannot do better than by quoting the paragraph itself—" If the first indica tions of daylight are seen above a bank of clouds, it foretells wind; if the first streaks of light are low, and come from or near the horizon fair weather may be anticipated. Soft looking and delicate clouds foretell fine weather, with mode rate or light breezes ; hard-edged, oily-looking clouds, wind. A dark gloomy-looking blue sky foretells wind ; but a bright light blue sky a continuance of fair weather. Generally the softer clouds look, the less wind may be expected; but the harder, more ragged and rolled they look, the stronger will the wind be. Small inky clouds foretell rain; light scud driving across heavy clouds, wind and rain; but if without a background of den Fer clouds, windalone. Not unfrequently clouds, at different elevations, will be observed to be going in different directions : whilst the lowest stratum of cloud is moving in the same direction with the wind, the higher and light clouds may be eying across in altogether another course; when this is observed to be the case it is usually a sign that the wind will shortly change to the direction in which the upper stratum of air is moving. After fine clear weather the first appearance of a change in the sky are smal curled or spotty clouds, followed by a gradual cloudingl in the sky, from an overcasting vapour. The harder the murky sky appears, the more likely to foretell wind ; if it looks watery rain may also be expected. The more distant and higher the clouds are, the more gradual, but extensive, the coming change will prove. 'When misty clouds and vapours seem to hang or to be spread out over heights, it is a sign of wind and rain; if they rise and dis perse themselves, the weather will improve." The foreknowledge to be gleaned from the close and dawn of day may be briefly stated as follows, as laid down by Kaemtz :—Since the appearances of twilight depend on the state of the sky, they may serve to foretell, to a certain ex tent, the weather of the following day. When the sky is blue, and, after sunset, the western region is covered with a slight purple tint, we may be sure that the weather will be fine, especially if the horizon seems obscured with a slight smoke. After rain, isolated clouds, coloured red, and well illuminated, announce the return of fine weather. A twi light of a whitish yellow, especially when it extends to a distance on the sky, is a sign of bad weather for the mor row. Generally, we must expect storms when the sun is of a brilliant white, and sets in the midst of a white light which hardly permits us to distinguish it ; the probabili ties of bad weather are still more increased when light cirri, that give the sky a dull appearance, appear deeper near the horizon, and when the twilight is of a greyish red, in the midst of which are seen portions of a deep red that pass into grey, and scarcely permit the sun to be distinguished —in this case vesicular vapour is very abundant, and we may calculate on wind and approaching rain. The signs to be drawn from daybreak are somewhat different. 'When it is very red we may expect rain, whilst a grey dawn announces fine weather. 'With regard to the appearance of the clouds, the following inferences may be derived. In fair weather the sky is seldom quite clear of small groups of cirrus. Continued wet weather is attended with horizontal sheets of this cloud, which subside presently and pass into cirrostratus. Before storms they appear lower and denser, and unusually in that quarter from which the storm arises. Steady high winds are proceeded and at tended by streaks running quite across the sky in the direc tion they blow in. We might sum up those sources of information by re marking that, generally, natural, easy, and delicate tints with undefined and woolly clouds, foretell fine weather ;,but unusual hues, with striking contrasts of colour, and hard, sharply-marked outlines, usually precede wind and wet weather. There are some few other sources of foreknow ledge which, though not nearly so reliable as the ones we have just enumerated, yet demand some attention from the prudent farmer ; we shall therefore give some of them. Dew is an indication of fine weather, as is also fog. When smoke from chimneys does not ascend, but takes a crooked course, it is a sign of a change for the worse. The habits and cries of animals are also taken to bo a guide ; and, to a certain extent, they are so. Sheep are observed to jump and play in an unusual degree before rough and wet weather. In winter when they lie under a hedge, and seem to be un- willing to go to pasture, it is a sign of a coming storm When peacocks cry much it is an indication of bad weather. If cocks begin to crow while it is raining, it is said to be a sign that it will soon be fine. The flight of wild geese to wards the west, the early appearance of the woodcock and fieldfares are signs of coming cold. It has also been asserted that the habits of the spider may afford some hints as to the weather, If th e weather be likely to become rainy and stormy, the spider fixes the terminating threads, by which the entire web is suspended, unusually short, and in this state awaits the impending change; on the other hand, if these threads be long, the weather will be proportionately serene. If the spider be completely inac tive, rain will follow; but if, during rain, their wonted activity be resumed, the rain will soon cease and fair wea ther will ensue. From vegetable life we may also draw some conclusions. The down of the dandelion will close in bad weather, but will expand when it is fine. The pim pernel is also a well-known example of a natural weather ihdiee,tor ; when the dower dotes its !saws it will be wet; but, when it opens them in the morning, it is a sign of a fine day. After what we have said about the uncertainty and diffi culties in the way of prognosticating the weather in our country, many hours in advance of the change, we need hardly add that the eye should always be ready to detect the slightest indication of any change. Let not the farmer doubt but that careful and constant attention to these points will prove of infinitely more use to him than all the empiri cal predictions extant. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, SATURDAY REVIEW.—Mr. Lincoln, in his letter to the Republican Convention of New York, seems to pledge himself to a policy of total subjugation when he expresses a well-founded opinion that no possible compromise can secure the maintenance or restoration of the Union. The strength of the seces sion is, as he candidly admits, in the Confederate army, and the offers of scattered civilians who pos sess neither political nor military power are wholly inoperative and worthless. It follows that the Union can only be restored by the utter defeat of the army, and a perfect triumph would to a certain extent, supersede the necessity of negotiation or compro mise. As the army of the South is identical with its population, Mr. Lincoln virtually allows that the Confederate States are all but unanimously opposed to reunion. It is certainly not impossible that they may ultimately be forced to submit, but if the war were terminated it would still be necessary to pro vide for their administration. Mr. Lincoln's sup porters have devised an ingenious plan of govern ment by minorities, composed of traitors who have deserted the cause of their states and of Confederacy. The voters who are willing to take the Federal oath of allegiance are to elect State Governments, mem bers of Congress, and Senators, and to constitute a privileged aristocracy in the midst of disarmed and helpless enemies of the Union. The Republican projectors hope that by degrees the Northern im migrants will be strong enough to form a perma nent garrison in the South, even if they fail to ex pand into a majority. The entire scheme reproduces, with unconscious accuracy, the mistaken methods of subduing Irish disaffection which were tried by different English Governments in the seventeenth century. i The only excuse for th e anac h ron i sm consists n the difficulty of devising any alter native. The P res id ent may not be respon sible for th e pl ans o f his unauthorised ad visers; but, in re p u di at i ng compromise as impracticable, he pledges himself first to conquer the South, and then to govern it against its will, either by open force or with an admixture of trans parent fraud. After all, Mr. Lincoln's letter seems to be little more than a repetition of the phrases which make up the resolutions of the Convention. It matters little whether the Republican platform was originally devised at New York or at Washing ton. Except as cu tti ng hi m o ff f rom all opportu nity of altering his policy, this document would have excited little attention, had it not been for the extraordinary style, combining the homely joco sity of a backwoodsma n w ith t h e grand i loquence of a sentimental novelist, in which a man so highly placed at so moment ous a cr i s i s fi n d s i t natural or thinksit expedient to discuss such topics as the policy of wholesale abolition, the fortunes of the army and navy, and the possibility of peace. Per haps there are Americans who are capable of being ashamed of the vulgar frivolity of their chief magi strate in a great political crisis. Facetious refe rences to "Uncle Sam's web feet," and repetitions of every slang party phrase in the American dialect, indicate something wrong in the state of political society, as well as the coarseness of the President's mind. His opinions will probably suit the Repub lican Conventions, but perhaps their leaders may be reminded that the next candidate for the Presi dency will be better qualified for his duties if he had had the advantage of an ordinary advantage of an ordinary education. SP ECTATOR.—The two humourists who are at present virtual dictators of English and American policy, and, each in his way, almost perfect repre sentatives of the political feeling of their respective nations, offer many curioas points of comparison in the way of contrast or resemblance. It is, of course, not the lea s t o f t h ose contrasts t h at t h e one i s essen tially a noble and the other essentially a peasant; the one a man of the world and of society, the other a rail-splitter acid an attorney ; the one a man saturated with the diplomatic traditions of half a century, the other fresh from local politics and vil lage squabbles, But it is a difference of greater moment that the one was chosen because he had long excited admiration for his shrewdness, ease, and audacity ; the other because ho had never excited admiration or attention at all out of his native State,—the one because he was con spicuous, the other because he was obscure. It is still more to the purpose that the English statesman's present power is a temporary trust, held only during good behaviour, the Ame rican's a constitutional lease, guaranteed for a short term of years ; so that in the aristocratic country the minister's power, given because be was popular, depends on the endurance of his popularity, in the democratic, the power given because he was ue known is wholly independent of the qualities he evinces now that he is becoming known. These are the most striking contrasts. On the other hand, so far as each has gained personal influence of his own with his own nation, he has gained it much in the same way by interpreting its average wishes and will sagaciously, by anticipating their expression vigorously, and " putting his foot down " boldly, with strong lucid sense, and with something of cynical humour, on a national policy, not too heroic in profession, but carefully toned down to suit the common places of country feeling and resolve. No doubt Mr. Lincoln's personal popularity in Ame rica is nothing at all in comparison with Lord Pal merston's here. The Northerners area little ashamed of the rather vulgar personality which figures so prominently in this great crisis of their history. His mind has shown itself stow and hesitating, though never irresolute when once decided, and his dignity has not been equal on most occasions to ruling his own Cabinet. The consequence is that he has only within the last few months gained any per sonal, as distinct from his official, political influence, and perhaps it is even now not very large. Still he is undoubtedly rising in popular esteem,(!) and some I of his political professions of faith have had a sin gular success in reading off es it were theinmost thoughts of the millions of Yankee farmers whose political creed we in England are least able to un derstand. And these occasional dicta of Mr Lincoln's certainly take a grasp of the American mind not at all unlike the hold which Lord Palmerston's happiest expositions of English policy take of the English mind, and for very much the same sort of reason. They are both strongly logical as well as lucid in mind, though the American's style is sometimes obscured by its deficiences. Both Mr. Lincoln and Lcrd Palmerston, again, are re- markable for the strongly secular character of their political modes of thought, hein g, indeed—Eke Louis Napoleon, Cavonr, and almost the greater politi cians of recent times (Ricasoli alone excepted)—. singularly careful to disavow undue elevation of sentiment. Mr. Lincoln is as lucid, and of course much more homely in explaining that he looks only to considerations of national self-interest as Lord Palmerstor, himself. Look at the President's letter to the mass meeting in _lllinois. It is not refined ; it won't parse; it ends with a kind of intentional vulgarity, as if Mr. Lincoln wished to speak to the Yankee farmers in their own dialect. Mr. Lincoln jokes, in his own vernacular, about " Uncle Sam's web feet," to please the farmers, with just as much skill and humour as Lord Palmerston, in his more polished way, has joked about our "Isthmian games" to please the racing gentlemen in the House of Commons. But after allowing for these differ- ences of social latitude, the basis of the noble's and the plebian's sagacity remains much the same—a great tack in understanding the deep-rooted conser vatism of the people at the present moment, and a marvellously real and practical way of laying down before their eyes the practical alternatives still open to them for gratifying that conservatism. It may seem odd to speak of Mr. Lincoln—the temporary servant of a powerful democracy engaged in appa. rently aggressive war—as the mouthpiece of the conservatism of the country. Yet that is his true power at the present moment even more than Lord Palmerston's in England. The President represents exactly that conservative-aggressive attitude of the public mind in which both English and . Northerners are now best pleased to stand. LONDON REVIEW.—Hardly a week ago, the Mid dlesex Sessions presented the public, through the medium of the newspapers upon two successive days, with " sensation" forensic scenes of an extra ordinary kind. Oa the first day a barris ter of the name of Metcalfe was the hero of the field. He was defending a prisoner on trial, and took oc casion to present his client to the jury as a man of high respectability, while at the time it was well known (to the prosecution, at least) that this highly respectable prisoner had undergone more than one previous conviction abmad. The prosecuting coun sel, at the end of the trial, brought the matter under the notice of the court as an unjustifiable perversion of truth on theyart of those who were engaged in the defence. Mr. Metcalfe, however, explained subsequently that he himself was ignorant of the convictions recorded against his client, and the Assistant-Commissioner, Mr. Sergeant Gaselee, ex pressed himself satisfied with Mr. Metcalfe's dis- claimer_ W e h ave no reas O n to question the gen tleman's veracity, h owever w e m ay suspect his discretion;. but, all personalities apart, the story has a significant bearing. A counsel may easily have been ignorant of the prisoner's real character ; but the prisoner's attorney must, or at least ought, to have known it. Assuming that Mr. Metcalfe was acting strictly within his instructions when he asserted the prisoner's respectability, it comes to this; that the attorney put down on the brief and urged counsel to assert what he either knew to be false, or, at all events, what he did not know to be true. Attorneys do not play these pranks who have ordinarily to do with barristers of a high cha racter. The trick is not known in a certain class business, nor in certain courts. It is confined to courts where the atmosphere is a peculiar one, and where practitioners both above and below the bar are supposed to be less fastidious. The next day afforded an opportunity for a display of personal prowess between two barristers, Mr. Ribton and Mr. Besley; with Mr. Sergeant Gaselee, as before, sitting as.. arbiter of the fight. It appears that Mr. Ribton, who was for the defence, was in the middle of a cross-examination, when Mr. Besley interposed. The following severe affair then came off, much to the edification of the audience Mr. Besley objected to such questions, as they did not go to Impeach the veracity of the witness. Mr. Ribton said he had never heard such an objection in the course of his experience in the criminal law, and he was sure it would not have been taken by any counsel who knew his business. Mr. Bosley said such observations applied to him were most impertinent. Mr. Sergeant Gaselee thought that such observations ought not to be made. Mr. Ribton—Then I will retract it. No one doubts that Mr. Besley knows his business. In fait, he knows too much. Every roan has his own modes of expressing him self, and we have no wish to misinterpret any of Mr. Ribton's modes of expression, which may per haps be peculiar to himself. But the ordinary in terpretation of the back-hander with which that gentleman finished the controversy is obvious. Judged by our everyday notions, a barrister of whom it can be said that he " knows too much" is no better than " a sharp practitioner." Mr. Ribton, therefore, implies virtually (though perhaps the in sult arises rather from clumsiness than malice) that Mr. Besley is in the habit of sailing as near the wind as is consistent with professional etiquette. Now, such an imputation, supposing it to be false —and we have no reason to suppose it is true—can be only disgraceful to the man who recklessly makes it. Whether true or false, it is a discredit to an English law court that it should be made at all. The whole affair is as unseemly as it well could be. The first impression of any sensible person on read ing it may probably have been a regret that the days of duelling for some purposes are extinct. There really seems to be no other means of prevent ing scandals of this kind. The prospect of a pistol at twelve paces might perhaps have prevented Mr. Ribton from gratuitously offering Mr. Besley such an insult ; and, for fear that bullying should become licensed, duelling and challenging might be limited to the frequenters of the Middlesex Sessions. EXAMINER.—OnIy fifty years ago the spectacle of the execution of a murderer was not thought sufficient, and was followed by the more lasting spectacle of the body dangling in chains from a gibbet. The banks of the Thames were studded with these hideous exhibitions, and there was a whole grove of gibbets at Bugsby's Hole, in the bend between Blackwell and Woolwich Reach, under which parties used to be made to drink tea, the tarred remains swinging over their heads, and the irons creaking a dismal accompaniment. The gibbet was meant to be a sort of scarecrow of crime, but when ample experience proved that it had no terror for the jail birds, but that familiarity with the sight made it their laughing stock, while it struck with disgust or horror the better part of the community, the hateful thing was abolished. In another fifty years public executions will probably have disappeared like the gibbet, which in con sistency they should have followed off the stage, both being of the same nature, and best put out of sight. But let it not be supposed that the gibbet was unfriended. It had its advocates who prized it even more than the execution, to which it was supplemental. The effect of the spectacle of execu tion, they said, is at least transitory, and the num bers who witness it keep up each other's spirits, and find more matter of jest and ribaldry than grave reflection; but the gibbet is a permanent warning, and many a criminal shudders as he sees its hideous burden, or hears its irons at night croaking, raven-like, of an ignominious death. Such was the theory, but the fact being proved to be quite the other way, and that familiarity, as usual, bred contempt of these exhibitions, they were abolished in spite of the most vehement protests, especially from that learned Recorder of London of whom it was said, that he was never known to shed a tear but once, and that one of disappointment at the reprieve of Macbeth in the " Beggar's Opera," when he fondly hoped to see the finale of a hanging. We are sorry to see the Times treat ing as kindred proposals the abolition of capital punishment and the substitution of private for public execution. We believe the retention of the punishment of death for murder to be necessary, and have often stated our reasons for that belief; but we cannot think any one good object effected by public executions. We see no thing in them but what is objectionable and counter to the purpose. A public execution answers no purpose of example. The example is in the fact, published throughout the realm, that the criminal has suffered, not in the sight of his dying convul sions, witnessed by a few hundreds or thousands, who, when all is over, go away laughing and jok ing, and with the light reflection, " Well, after all, it is not much to make a fuss about," or "he died game and plucky." There is, indeed, nothing im pressive in a public execution. All the circum stances are mean and vu!gar, and death is deprived of all its dignity. Of all the sensation-mongery it is the lowest. The sight may mike some worse, tend to harden some hearts, bat none can it make better. It serves to collect the worst of every dis trict, and to mix a good deal of levity and morbid curiosity with sheer brutality. Upon the last occa sion, the execution of four murderers, a large pro portion of the mob were women, and many of them of the appearance called respectable, that is to say, well dressed. There were excursion trains too, as for a fair, or races, or a prize fight. It was a gala day. There were hampers of provisions, and drinks, and all jolly doings, to see four wretches make their last straggle. It was well for the public of that choice neighbourhood that four murders had been committed, to give them such a treat in the spectacle of the retribution. A single execution would no have attracted such a concourse. LAW TimEs.—The Social Science Congress will add to its many attractions at Edinburgh, a reunion of the Bars of England, Scotland, and Ireland, to be celebrated at a dinner over which Lord Brougham will preside. It is a happy occasion seized for an admirable purpose. The Congress will draw to the metropolis of Scotland dome of the ablest members of the bar of each of the three countries who design to take part in the discussions on the various sub jects that fall within their studies and experience, and it may be anticipated that many will be tempted by this added pleasure to join the assembly as spectators if not as debaters. lhe three bars are not yet sufficiently known to one another. They have It present no point of contact. The embryo Irish barrister meets the embryo English barrister at the Temple, when both are students, and there they form pleasant friendships, which are rarely cul tivated after the Channel has severed them. Bat of the Scotch bar we of the English know nothing; we are never brought together, not even to mess upon roast shoulders of mutton and sirloins of beef. Something was wanting to bring about a better acquaintance. An annual dinner in London was once talked of, and a meeting alternately at each of the three capitals has been suggested. But when the project was put into shape it was felt to be too peat a request to ask 'men to come from Dublin or Edinburgh merely to dine. Something more was wanted. This something more the Social Science Congress will supply. It will de- pend upon the success of this first endeavour whether the meeting shall become an institution. There will be much in Edinburgh to repay the visi tor. Great efforts are being made by the authori ties to give a hearty welcome to the Congress, and abundance of amusements will vary its serious labours; so that the meeting of the three bars will have a great deal of enjoyment besides the pleasure itself will yield. A SHIP RUN DOWN BY THE GREAT EASTERN. —LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY. The Great Eastern, which arrived here this morning, while off Cape Clear on Friday, ran down a ship called the Jane, Captain Duff, bound from Liverpool to Quebec. Two of the crew of the latter were killed by the collision. The Jane left this port on the 10th inst. [ADVERTISEMENT]. — Holloway's rills. Surpassing Excellence.—This medicine is composed of the finest bal sams obtainable from the vegetable aingdom. Unlike mineral or mercurial preparations, Holloway's Pills are perfectly innocent and may be safely taken by children and the most delicate females. The nervous and all who have lost hope and energy through long -continued affliction, should have their attention drawn to the many cures of such cases which have been gradually accomplished by these Pills, and gratefully acknowl e d ge d by m ost flattering testimonials. They secure a long, healthy, and a happy life. In all derangements of the digestion arising from the stomach, liver, or bowels, the curative power of these purifying Pills is espe c i a lly o b serva bl e; they stimulate sluggish, and regulat e di sor d ere d , f unc ti ons . [ADVERTISEMENT.]—CODSaMptiOD, all nervous, bilious, liver, and stomach complaints, in every stage, are only ag gravated and accel era t e d b y d rugs o f ever y description, but perfectly curable by Du Barry's health restoring Revalenta Arabica Food, as proved by thousands of cases which had been considered hopeless. We quote a few.—Cure No. 62,914. Miss Lange, 18 years of age, cured after the medical men had abandoned all hopes of her recovery from the last stage of P ulm onary consumption, with fearful cough, expectoration, exhaustion, spitting of blood, perspirations, hollow cheeks, emaciated to a skeleton. She is now, thank God, a perfectly healthy, blooming, fleshy girl.—N. Lange, Comrnissaire de Police. Cure, No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of F r i m l ey Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs , spitting of blood, liver derangement, and partial deafness.—Cure, No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure, No. 54,816. the Rev. James T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, of indigestion and torpidity of the liver, which had resisted all medical treatment. In tins, lib, 2s 9d ; 21b, 4s 6d ; 51b, lie; 121 b, 225; 241 b, 40s. Barry du Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London ; also Fortnum and Mason ; and all grocers and chemists in every town of the tluiteci Blingdom. ENORMOUS FRAUD IN THE CITY, n s l o o l n ite o eas f p a paes f au o r r ms e The Lord Mayo r has issued a warrant for the apprehen tgnhhaatearthnela°fr og e o oti iv S ne i B g i s i a s bn m yk u ob n fi d rEt hn D aa l i e a, n t l r uc i l c nn h go s at t re e is i a n , nw , h w ai n h c hd o stands charged with h aving absconded, and taking with him had been obtained b y means of fraud and conspiracy. that he has resided for several years in England, and carried on ostensibly the business of a merchant in the City of London, where he had offices, and he had also a residence at the West. end of the town, There appears to be no doubt, however, that hi s circumstances were not all prosperous, a and although he app ears to have two bankinaccounts, one with Messrs. Drummond and another at the City Bank, it has been ascertained since his flight that the amount of money deposited was very small, and his object was evi dently to create confidence in his resources, with a view to assist him in carrying out his ulterior objects. The mode in which the money was obtained was this :—lt appears that for several months the fugitive, in addition to his ordi nary occupation of a merchant, has been carrying on some extensive engagements in time bargains, in foreign stock, upon the Exchange, and from all that has transpired there is every reason to believe that he has been backed up in these proceedings by one or two other foreigners, who are no doubt parties to the ultimate fraud, and they provided Dietrich stein with funds whenever they were required, to pay the differences that arose upon any account, and this was always regularly done, so that the brokers were induced to place reliance upon the resources of the fugitive. Dietrichstein appeared to have purchased very largely for the account ending August 29, which happened to be on Saturday, and the arrangements of the Confederates were all completed by that day. According to the custom of the Stock Exchange, when foreign bonds or other securities are taken up by the parties who purchase them, a cheque is given when they are handed over, and when the stock purchased by Dietrichstein, which consisted of Egyptian and Brazilian Bonds, and which are a description of security as reldily negotiable as Bank of England notes, was handed to him, he paid for each security by a cheque upon Messrs. Drum mond. The public is aware that the banks close at 2 o'clock on Saturdays, and the cheques were not given until after that, this being, no doubt, a part of the plan of Die trich stein and his confederates to give them mere time, as under ordinary circumstances the fact that there were no asset. , to meet the cheques would not have been known until the following Monday, and thus 24 hours' more delay would have been obtained. This part of the scheme, however, failed from the following circumstance. The parties to whom the cheques were given, knowing that Dietrichstein also kept an account at the City Bank, paid the cheques into that establishment, and through their clerk the cheques upon Drummonds' were sent to the clearing-house ; but it would seem that the large sum for which they were drawn, taken in connection with the state of Dietrichstein's ac count at the City Bank, created some suspicion, and this and other circumstances were considered sufficient to justify an application being made by a confidential party to Messrs, Drummond, to know whether there were any assets suffi cient to meet the two cheques that had been drawn upon them by Dietrichstein, and this led to a discovery of the astounding fact that there were only about £25, or at all events some very small sum, standing to his credit. The fraud being thus discovered, steps were of course imme diately taken to endeavour to regain possession of the pro perty, but it was too late. It was ascertained that im mediately the bonds had born obtained they were taken to two of the City banks either by Dietrichstein or by some one on his behalf, where they wore deposited as se curity for the advance of nearly £lO,OOO. The value of the stock was over £ll,OOO, but a small margin, as usual, was kept for the protection of the bankers making the advance against any fluctuation that might take place in the market. The money was all obtained in bank -notes—namely, two of £5OO, six of £2OO, 32 of £lOO, 39 of £5O, and 51 of £2O each ; and, no doubt, the moment it was rece i ve d D etrielastein decamped, and h e has not since been heard of. No clue has hitherto been ob tained to the bulk of the moneys, a small porti. n onl y having been traced to one person, who states that he re. ceived the notes from Dietrichstein in the ordinary course of his business, and there are no means of contradicting this statement, It is, of course, almost unnecessary to say that not the slightest blame is attachable to the bankers with reference to the advance of the money upon the deposit of the stock, as this is a proceeding of every-day occurrence, many firms of the highest position frequently finding it necessary to ob tain temporary accommodation under similar circumstances, and consequently the persons who will be the sufferers by this fraud will be the brokers who delivered the stock, The fugitive is described as being 33 y ears of age, sallow complexion, and wearing small moustache and small whiskers. His hands and feet are descri bed as being v ery delicate, like those of a woman. lie is supposed to b e ac companied by his wife, a very good - loo kin g w orcan,2l y ea , s of age, and a son three years old. A re ward of £l,OO O has been cffered for his apprehension. The Murder and Attempted Suicide in the Narylebone-road. anacrasbe and by medicali nsectegresntletnann.d Sites aillarylebone :superinhtuelaz°brin in the On Saturday Sarah Emily Mitchell, otherivisTeheelcthapaprgele, r i o d urdering her anttdeniting to tvarr n ant attended J g, ü b l a y yt aged 24, and described as of no occupation, 108, Marylebone-rotd, was brought to the ut the worthy e n t B o f u t r h r o e u i Police-court byh i e n r cohnfit4h,essahreaeht NEvaLusrafaar Afedloeniiinoeusi\lritacnhdellw:lafusieidy Isatastb.binsghehwe,raisnaitshae bfurerathsterwiethhaurgdeadg7,o;3li ath commit suicide by cutting her throatNidei division, brought her up for examinatiaoint,heb Upon this charge Mr. Tiddy, the magistrate declined to take cognisance case as she was Mr. Mans fia l e r l e d a dt thought oenogruhmt theit committed dp proceedings e t is h d e i coroner'sng s altogether it was represented by Mr. Tiddy that unnecessary; but custody of the poli3e before the coroner's issued, and no attempt had as yet been nil warrant had been extremely feeble state in which sh e Nva ade, owing to the upon it. Great c onsideration was s, to apprehend her her by the officers in charge. co nsequently shown for Mr. Sleigh, instructed by Ai r. sto h Co., solicitors, 36, Coleman' P er, Freeston, and appeared After much di scussion a s to the under the circum stances, best course to be taken Mr. Sleigh suggested that the best the prisoner bro u g ht in an d take plan . would be to have the slightest amount of evidence. It was then arranged that she should on her reaching the p as sage leading be brought in, but evidently very weak an d agitated to the court, she was Eventually it was arranged thatand gave a shriek. car, should take her to New gate Bayles, the coroner's o at was now certified to be i n a _*t statee on his warrant, as she the magistrate should mar. the for removal, and that cause of the case not being a k heard by him. Mr. Mansfield accordingly narked the charge sheet as follows : c , Before the prisoner was brought before me she w as taken into custody by the coroner's beadle, in virtue o f a warrant for her commitment for trial on the charge of murder. " JOHN S Prisoner wa s then conveyed in a cab to Newgate. Th us .........._ no longer in the case. Loss of Another Liverpool Steamer, LIVERPOOL, Saturday. Another Liverpool screw-steamer has been lost o n the coast of Nova Scotia, but wh e th er by th e p r evalence of 4 storm, foggy weather, and the action o f currents, or negligence on the part of those in p charge of th e shi.. , we are at resent uninformed p , as the telegram announcing the disaster was brought by the Persia from Cape Race. From other sources, Johnson, La Bruns wick, on th e cargo, sailed f or however, Ny_tie learn that th e P ac t o l us, un d er C apt . ving on board a large and valuabl e Halifax and St. John's, New 22d of August last, and in due course reached Halifax, where a portion of the cargo was discharged, the vesse l afterwards proceed i ng on her voyage to S t, John's. She was not destined, how ever, to r e called T re ach th a t port, f or s h e struc k on a place Li verpool, in the neighbourhood of Nova Scotia, and b ecame a total wreck, little hopes being expressed of any portion of the cargo being saved. How the vessel came to get on shore where she did is at present unknown here, as, by a reference to a map of th a t part of the Atlantic, it will be seen that Liverpool is 4 lon g way ou t o f t h e course genera ll y taken by vessels sailing from Halifax to St. John's. The Pactolus was a ship of 653 tons burden, and was chartered for the voyage to Halifax and St. John's by Mess rs . L ampert an d b olt, of thi s town. She was until recently engaged in the trade between this port a n d Constantinople, and her career while in the trad e Was a series of mishaps, as she was never out o f ~ lumber. " The telegram makes no allusion to th e fate of the crew. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Horniraan's pure Tea ; very choice at 3s. 4d. an d 4s. "High Standard "at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported: Agents in every town supply it in packets. The Alleged Poisoning Case at HULL On Thursday Augustus Wells, assistant to Mr- Day, surgeon, and George 1. Wright, landlord of the Tynemouth Castle public-house, Osborne-street , charged with attempting to get poison administered to an illegitimate child, were again brought up at the Hull Police-court before Mr. Travis, the al' pendiary magistrate. Mr. Gresham appeared for Wells, and Mr. Stead for Wright. The witness Woodmancy was recalled, and, in answer to Mr. Gresham, said—l know a rullyruan named Robert Norris. I remember meeting Wel lll in Wellington-street some time ago, and asking hiln for the 23s Alice owed me. I never asked him t° give his watch up. I never spoke to Norris about having seen Wells in 'Wellington-street on that occr sion. I know a person of the name of David Deltou, a rullyman, and if he says that I told him I had asked Wells for £3 he is not speaking the trut h ' If Norris says I told him I had asked Wells for his watch he is not speaking the truth. The box in which the two bottles were kept I bought in Len" don, when I was up in London at the Exhibition year. It cost 91 or ls., in the Lowther-arcade' (The box was produced in court and identified hi the witness.) Mrs. Woolmancy was also recalled, and in ans wer to Mr. Gresham, said—l remember the police - e en. stable coming to my house last Friday to fetch the box in which the bottles had been. (The box sve l4 i again produced and identified.) I told him I iveu l a u get the key and empty it of its contents if he w en wait. He replied that he was in a hurry, and I 087 bring it down to the Mansion-house. The box ha d some money and papers in it. We have had the box about seven years. (Sensation in court.) 1 1 . d e stipendiary said if the persons in the gallery u l not restrain their feelings he would ha ve the cou r t cleared, as it should not be turned into a bear g ar ; den.] Witness continued—My husband bought I' for our little girl, who is dead. It was a mor e l' box, and when the child was living she used to P u t her money into it. After the child died the hoe was put away, and none of the other children we re allowed to have it. About three months ago 0 1 husband wanted a box to put his papers in, e ° brought out this one, and it has been in use sin ce ' We have no other box in our house like this ov e. I was not at the Exhibition last year, but my h i*. band was. He brought home a doll a-piece for t he children and a cruet-stand for me. He broug h t neither myself nor the children a box like the o lle produced. Of this lam quite positive. My h ue ' band never told me that he had purchased a box the Lowther-arcade. I never heard him 09 °lje word about having brought anything of the k ind ' He could not have brought the box home with °t my knowledge. The Stipendiary—l shall give no further opini oll about the case, but discharge both prisoners for tl 0 present. (Applause.) The prisoners were then set at liberty. COUNTRY MARKETS. 11. , NORTHAMPTON—SATURDAY. Harvest is over in this county, and wheat has prot more than an avera ge yi e ld. R o ot crops look very sy:_. —White wheat, 44s to 465:; red, 42s to 445; firle , „ oog: to —s per qr. Barley, 34s to 40s—grinding, 28kto 110 ' Oats, 28s to 32s per 24 stone. Beans, 38s to 42e. r e 31s to 40s per qr. LEICESTER-SATURDAY. New white wheat, 44s to 46s ; , red, 42s to 45s Per - stone. Old red, 42s to 45s per 36 stone. Barley, maltia new, 36s to 39s per qr.; grinding, 29s„!to 325; of.d oatsol 255.t0 395 ; new oats, 22s to 25s per 24 stone. 13e° old, 40s to 42s per 38 stone ; flour, 30s to 35s per 2 0 stone. YORK—SATunpAY. The supply of wheat at market to-day was moderate, and late prices were abut maintained. 20 s tot , § Wheat, red 44s to 46s Oats.... White do .48s to 52s Beans ..38. to s to * --4 Barley .30s to 32s Peas ...•---- oq3 Malt, 62s to 64s per qr.; rye, 32s per qr ; flour, 0" to 35s per sack. NOTTINGHAM-SATURDAY. White wheat, from 43s to 49s ; red wheat, 40s to 40* Barley—malting, 35s to 41s ; grinding, 28s to 31s. 01 '; old, at 24s to 31s Od ; new, 22s to 275. Beans sold at 0" to 43s per qr. ; new, 38s to 425. G RAN THAM-SATURDAY. Old white wheat, 44s to 488; red, 43s to 45s per 36st• ; new white, 44s to 468; red, 43s to 455. Malting loarleP 36s to 38s per qr ; grinding, 30s to 32s ; oats, old, 268 t ) 288; new, 23s to2ss ; beans, 40s to 425; peas, 36s to 402• NORWICH—SATURDAY. There was a rather liberal supply of wheat to-day, lut '1 the demand was slow, and late prices declined is to 25 P er qr for all descriptions. There was an increased show of barley. Oats, beans, and peas dull. White wheat. 46s to 478 1 Red wheat 43s to 445 Malting barley ...36s to 38s Chevalier barley 36e to 3721, Distilling d 0..... 33s to 358 I Oats.. 24 , to 2 , Flour, 31s Od to —s ed per sack from the miller. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton. Sept. 1 8 via Marseilles ..Oct. 13. Brazil and Cape Verds, by British packet. Oct. 5,, Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena.. Sept. 2'• China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton. Sept. IS. via Marseilles ...Sept. 21' _ Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton Sept. 18 ' India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Sept. 11: via Marseilles Sept' 0 2 5, India (Bombay), via Southampton Sept. '', 7o , via Marseilles bept. .4' P0rtuga1.......... Malta, Egypt, and Aden, via Southampton Sept. 0. via Marseilles Sept. 2 Newfoundland .. Oct. 1 ' Oporto and Vigo U. S. and British N. America, by 'Brit. packet.... Sept' by U.S. packet.... t S. by Canadian packet. Sep ., 4 0. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneritte .. Oct. '' = 7 . ' Bahamas, via New York Sept. rg, Mexico.. All parts of West Indies, including Chili, Peru, i Sep t. 2S. California. and British Columbia.. THE VALUE OF A SFARROWe—A large nroW a 0 persons attended at the sale-rooms in Adelaid e ' attracted chiefly by the announcement that the birds, &::el brought out in the Orient would be submitted to publi° competition. They fetched in many instances very hig h ' prices. An English sparrow without his sage fetched 11 1' rather a high price for a sparr ow , a lth oug h as i t i s the 6 `" 6 survivor of 100 shipped by the importer, it will b e rathe ., dear to the buyer than profitable to the seller. A cou ple 0 ' blackbirds sold for 688., a goldfinch canary for 35e., an d other birds fetched high prices. Swan River parrots 0 1 ' for 30s. each. The auctioneer dwelt facetiously upon the qualities of sparrows, considered as the farmer's Mena, although, as the sparrow he sold was warranted to be the " only one in the colony," it is difficult to see how the race of sparrows is thereby introduced. A similar difficulty presents itself with regard to the blackbirds, which the for tunateon and New al purc e has z e e rw a a n s a Gassauzertetde.were both cocks I—Jdustra li Births. KNOLLTS.—On the 16th inst., at Aberdeen, the wile of Captain William Knollys, 93d Sutherland Highlanders, of a daughter. MlLwas.—On the 18th inst.. at South Kensington, the wife of John Everett Millais, A.R.A., of a son. Sussex-gardens, HOB' —on the 17th inst., at 1, 3 file wife of Meaburn Smith Tatham,of daughter. ire Oz fe th o e r inst.,Cla6pthtainch, a a r a l t e s e w ° u a r t k ez h ß a o l y l , a N I o N r t a h v a y n: P o i w T A tr z ta If : a son. Marriages. DARLITY—ATTL—On the 17th inst,, at the parish church , Rugby, Henry Darley, Eeq., of Aldby•park, York' shire, to Charlott e , d aug h ter o f J ames A tty , E sq . i of Rugby. MAYO—PHELPS.—On the 19th inst., at St. Jobn's,Yeovi l f Thomas Wersford Mayo, of Swallow Cliff, Wilts, t 7. Ellen Maria ' only daughter of H. B. Phelps, Esq., O' the former place. Deaths. CLARRE.—On the 19th inst., at Charlton, Major. Genera l Robert Clarke, R.A., aged 74. ELTON.—Onthe 19th inst., at Maida-hill, Thos. Marsvoci , . Elton, aged 48. GOODENOUGIL—On the 16th inst., at Oxford, Anna JuliatA Goodenough, aged 94. GREEN.—At 2, Park-road, Upper Holloway, and late of Old Change, city, Mr. J. T. Green, aged 48. HANDURY.—On the 18th inst.. at Frohsdorf, Eastbourne, Francis William, second son of Robert Hanbury, Esq., M.P., aged 11f years. HARKER.—On the 18th inst., a t Stoke Newington, Georg° Harker, Esq., of Upper Th a mes-street, aged 65. HERBERT.—On the 18th inst., at Great Malvern, William Herbert, Esq., of Cavendish House , Clapham- commons aged 72. London : Primed and Published by T W .LLIAMANDRIrvi"~' of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at T ILE SUN Office 112 ' Strand, in the Pr ecinct of t he B avoy, in the colulty ittiddleoex,7.3WAN't September 21, 1663,