The Sun. — London, England, 1863-08-01 00:00:00

THE , NEW YORK RIOTS, (From a Correspondent.) NEW YORK, July 17. How shall I begin ? What is passing at this moment before my eyes is of so strange, and yet so tragic a nature ; it comes so suddenly upon me, and I arrive so much too late to be able to trace the effects up to their causes that I hardly know from what point my narrative should take its start. Oa Saturday, I am told, nothing could be more calm than the city of New York ; the labours of the week closed in the midst of the most perfect security—nay, of general popular exultation. New York had been crammed with "glorious news" to its heart's content; it had read paragraphs full of "stunning vic - tories," as usual; but this time the boasting bulletins had lied with less than their wonted effrontery, and the joyous tidings received confirmation from day to day. Gen. Lee's army had fallen back routed and demoralised. The Federals had forced their way down the Mississippi, over coming both Vicksburg and Port Hudson. The South was beaten at all points ; it gave signs of a universal collapse. The Unionists had carried the day. The " Civil War in America" was at an end. Who could have looked forward to civil war in New York ? The immediate pretext for popular collision was, indeed, at hand. The United States' Govez nment was bent on the full execution of the Conscri?tion Law. A country, 1,000,000 out of 20,000,000 of whose inhabitants were already under arms, where the strongest appeal to patriotism and enormous bounties failed at last to bring volunteer recruits under the standards, was now further to be drained of its man hood by a levy en masse, a forced levy. What was worse, the levy was to fall unequally on the dif ferent classes of citizens. In a land of freedom and equality the son of the poor was to leave his work shop and march ; the wealthy man could buy him self off with 300 dollars. Conscription in America was to be as galling as in France or Italy, but it was less just or equitable than in Prussia. It was a clear case of " Gold v. Blood." Conscription, however, was merely the outward pretext. The real causes lie deeper. The evil had its roots in the social condition of the American Commonwealth, and points, perhaps, to the neces sity of a thorough modification. The peace party, the men who have no taith in the prompt or even eventual subjugation of the South, who with all their attachment to the Union are convinced of the impossibility of maintaining it, and who, with out having actual sympathies with slavery, think, however, that the matter must be compromised, and look with dismay upon wholesale and instant—i.e., violent emancipation; who hold, in short, that either the Union, or else ultra-Abolitionist prin ciples, must be given up—these men, consti tuting the best class of the "Democrats," did not in their hearts too sanguinely rejoice in the late successes of the Federal armies. They hold the men of Washington in contempt, and little less than abhorrence, and think that Mr. Lincoln and his Cabinet, by disregarding the warnings and encroaching upon the rights of States government, are bringing the country to an evil pass. In their heart they already set up the individual State against the Union, As these men manifested their disapprobation of the immense scale upon which the war was carried on, the lower classes, upon whom fall its heaviest burdens, those who are called to arms on compulsion, took rip the cry of their sympathizers who even in unexhausted America have nothing to lose and all to gain by disorder. Rssistance to the draught broke:ont, and it soon de generated into a mere love of riot and thirst for plunder. The plunder was sufficiently unorganised and objectless. Two of the six draught offices were opened on Monday, and in one of them the opera tions proceeded with regularity np to 11 o'clock before noon. The other office, however, was assailed by the mob, the authorities were overpowered, the house was burnt down ; the victorious rabble then proceeded to the first office, where the business of the day was already completed, broke into the empty premises, and levelled them also with the ground by fire, The draught was thus suspended, and its advers series had gained their point. But, as they were masters of the field they thought they might as well disport themselves in it, and all the rest of that Monday and the following day the most populous quarters of New York became a frightful scene of pillage and murder. It does not seem that any of the banks or the houses of the wealthiests merchants were attacked or even seriously endangered. The mob flew at a lower game. It was the ready-made tailors' shops, dry goods stores, and the like that tempted their cupidity, and all their murderous fury was especially expended upon the negro popu lation. There is no doubt now but that this dis turbance was at bottom nothing but an Irish riot on a large scale. All the lists of dead, wounded, and prisoners hitherto published contain hardly any other than Irish, and a very few German names. These are the men whom the draught more inexo rably strikes, and no one can wonder at their ani mosity against the " 300 dollars men." Nearly the whole well-to-do American population can easily buy themselves off if they have a mind so to do, and the war is to be fed by conscription, as it was originally by enlistment, out of that immigrant population whom the sovereign citizens, at whose mercy they are placed by want, employ to do their hard and dirty work. Consequently these immigrants, especially the Irish, rebelled, and their wrath was directed against the blacks, ostensibly because the war, as Paddy fancied, was undertaken for the benefit of the brethern of those very niggers in the Southern States ; really, however, because the negro is the great competitor of the white man in the North in all the branches of that hard and dirty work which the Irish and German immigrant would fain monopolise and keep up at his own price. The negro was cudgelled, the negro was atoned, the negro was hanged, the negro was hunted out; before eveningt on Tuesday there was not one coloured face seen in New York streets. The city was, or do be seen itself, defenceless ; not only the military, in an old world sense of the word, but even the home Militia Wag away in Pennsylvania, and the public force consisted of 2,500 police, a most efficient force, and in such f a kind of r aw civic citizen s a s could be organised into eiv . ic guard on the spur of the moment. These made various efforts to put down the mob here and there, but, either because they could not inbecause sufficient numbers wh ere th e y were most want e d , or cuse the lack of proper plan and directi on frustrated is that they were worsted in their efforts, the fact more than one encoun ter, and towards the evening of Tuesday the populace had the upper hand , in y n almost every ward of the city. We anchored in New York harbour on that same evening, but were not allowed to land until the fol lowing morning. The first hin c t a Wel extortion who hoed of thatls t King Mob reigned supreme was s tocrt.i d e r i ov e dole. to be paid to the hackney o us—three of us — from the whart to the hnot distance of about one mile and a half. —8 We dr — ov a A e up Broadway at about 11 a.m. we were first struck with the absence of those thousand gay, flaunting omnibuses which in normal times throng t h at famous thoroughfare from morning till night. These, and all private carriages, were off the field, and the few unwieldly, unpractical hackney coaches that were plying about for hire had it, of co urse , all their own way, and we perceived that the £3 fare we had been charged was only the usual tax his Majesty the Mob levied on his lieges on this the happy day of his enthronement. As I found myself Mused in my hotel at last, and was able to issue forth and commune with friends and acquaintances. I was astonished at the awe and consternation with which the whole city seemed struck. Hardly a man but showed you a revolver in his pocket or on his writin;-deek. Your friend warned you not to venture out on foot, and gave the first example by hiring those clumsy hack ney carriages on the drivers' own terms. Jewellers and silversmiths had let down their iron shutters; bankers garrisoned and barricaded their counting houses. It was not merely the omnibuses, but the cars also, or tramways in the streets, and the ferry boats, that were interfered with by the mob ; busi ness was at a standstill, and such provisions as milk, vegetables, &c., were not to be had at any price, even at first-rate hotels. The worst of it all was that one co ik hardly make out what was the matter. The p , ople were evidently panic-struck, mortified, vex ,), helpleps. The mob had risen all at once, like en in their path, and had gained the victory alm t without a struggle. Something like 80, 90, or even as many as 150 persons, you were told, had been killed in the various encounters. Five or six negrocs had been hanged. Several officers of the. militia had fallen. One of them, Col. O'Brien, had rashly fired his revolver upon a crowd; he had fallen into the hands of the mob, and had met with a " thousand deaths" at their hands. Then such a shop had been sacked, such a house gutted; such a person had been pounced upon and robbed of his watch in Filth Avenue. The whole town was a scene of massacre and pillage. The evil was great, and the exagge ration still greater. The worst feature in the whole affair was the ominous glare of incendiary fires lighting up the startled city throughout the night. Such were the topics of men's talk in New York on Wednesday. In the evening the police, backed by the Militia, made a deliberate attack on the mob at their headquarters in First and Second Avenues, between Eighteenth and Nineteenth streets, and were repulsed, although they had two howitzers them, and made tree use of them. One of the offi cers in command, Colonel Jardine, was bade) wounded, and no less than 16 of his men were Ruled. The mob have plundered several gunshops, they are armed with capital rifles, and fire with tolerably good aim from the windows. Similar encounters lays were renewed in the course of the night, and always with the same results, unfavourable to the public force. The Militia regiments began to arrive from the battle-fields in Pennsylvania on that very night —the 65th, or Buffalo corps, and the 7th, a crack corps, to which all the young bucks of the New York city gentry are proud to belong. I saw myself some of the troops as they came in on Thursday morning ; dirty and ragged they looked, poor fel lows, and jaded and halt-killed by the oven-like atmosphere of the terrible heat which greeted us here at our landing. Notwithstanding such vast reinforcements, the troops met with another check in First Avenue, in a desultory fight between Seventeenth and Twenty-second street yesterday morning, and the day closed, I believe, without any definitive success on their part, although the town had already resumed its ordinary appearance from the earliest hour in the morning, and perfect tran quillity reigned wherever I moved about in the evening. The disturbances which had broken out in all the suburbs and environs of the city were also everywhere abating, and the communications were easily re-established. The murderous and rapacious disposition evinced by the mob, and the outrages perpetrated by them, at once weaned from their cause the sympathies of those who would otherwise have looked with interest on the movement, The " draught insurrection" de generated into a mere Irish riot. Party spirit was at an end at once, and a cry arose of " Everybody for himself !" Everywhere men stood up in defence of their own lives and property. I went about onWed nesday evening till late after midnight, and saw banking-houses protected by garrisons of resolute men, busy with rifle and cannon, and feasting on the sandwiches and champagne supplied by their liberal patrons. I visited the Sub-Treasury, the stately hall of which was turned into a regular fortress and was being strongly barricaded, with for midable looking brass fieldpieces pointed at the door. The outside look of things was quiet and orderly ; but inside the buildings every man was ready for a mortal strife, the hour for which happily never came. The newspaper offices were also strongly armed. Some of them, as that of the New York Times, which had been threat ened by the mob, were blazing with gaslights, as if out of bravado and defiance, The Tribune office was, I believe, attacked on Tuesday, but the mob were unable to effect an entrance, and all their fury was spent on the window of an inoffensive lower floor. The alarm at the time I speak of—Wednes day night—was great, yet the better class of New Yorkers were cool and collected. Indeed, they heard and talked of white men killed and black men hanged with an unconcern, with a sang froid which curdled my very blood. The indifference of these people to the lo,s of human life is surprising, and I heard b:ack Republicans, men of a meek, inoffensive disposition in private life, talk of the necessity of quelling opposition by bloodshed with a glibaess and a gusto worthy of a Caligula or Torquemada. About 12 o'clock at night I saw the wounded Col. Jardine conveyed to the St. Nicholas Hotel in Broad way, where Governor Seymour was sitting up in council. The wounded officer was driven up in a hackney coach, and was probably not very seriously hurt. Viewed as a mere thieves' riot, the draught rebel lion will, of course, soon be put down. Yet the New York State and city authorities have taken great pains to announce the supension of the draught and the City Council is deliberating on a grant of 2,500,000 dols. for the relief of the conscripts—i.e., to buy off those, or some of thost, who cannot muster 300 dole. for their own redemption. The whole affAir of the draught would thus be reduced to a new en listment by bounties, and would bring the Conscrip tion Law to a dead letter. It would also be no small bone thrown into the jaws of the barking populace. But the humane intentions of the New York authori ties meet with anything but favour at Washington, and give no trifling offence to thestern Republicans in the State itself. The United States' Government, it is understood, insists on the draught at any price— the draught, the whole draught, and nothing but the draught, as mere matter of punctilio, even should Federal victories render its operations super fluous. Altogether, I see no very good blood spring ing up between the rulers of this " Federal t!tate" of New York and the Federal Government at 'Wash ington. Governor Seymour, who only came up from Albany, his official residence, on Wednesday, pro claimed the city and neighbourhood to be in a " state of insurrection," thereby thinking he had taken all the necessary steps for the restoration of order. But New York is now threatened with "mar tial law" from Washington, and people here are dis posed to question the legality as well as the oppor tuneness of a measure which would place this State at the discretion of the Federal military authorities. On the whole, this American Union strikes a new comer as a rather loose bundle of sticks. There is a latent but active struggle between State and States Government—l mean between individual, or muni cipal, and Federal Government. A man at the head of such an empire as New York is not always ready to attend the behests of a petty functionary whose immediate jurisdiction extends no further than a blank city of empty spaces, and a fifty square miles district. True, the President represents national sovereignty, and ought to rely on the support of the men who raised him to power all over the Union and in New York itself. But partisanship goes through many phases in a free country, even in the short space of four years, and the power of the Central Govern ment is limited by the power which is also vested in the Government of the individual States. The consequences of a clash between these two powers are beyond most men's calculations. Meanwhile, there are men in New York who openly protest that the language and acts of the Central Government are' in th e very sp i r i t and temper which drove the South into rebellion, and would now seem to be try in the S outh , are lik e l y ing t o d rive the North into like rebellion. " Success f the , and th e very excesses o f t h e I r i s h rioter s Washington enough to fora timestrength . Bu the t th e hands game o got than t urned to good uses. is not up yet, men of and vi ctory is sometimes more easily JULY 18. struggle begins in the cauniel The riot is put do wn - the h streets, but the day in Nceatnher. Yesterday force ovv? Yorehle was a perfectly quiet ' the still ill sence of a large military intentioned rabble. The news frornaavi' Now, ewandinining The pi e the neig.hbour hood is equally rcassulitig, an d i n counties, in Pennsylvania and the States, not only have all incipient disturbances easily suppressed, and the rebels " squelched" been the operations of the draught have proceeded larly and are now happily completed. The President has signified his desire that the draught should also immediately and thoroughly be proceeded with in New York ; and there seems a disposition on the THE 81J.&, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, AUGUST 1, 1863 part of the authorities at Washington to take the execution of the Presidential order upon themselves. Phe independence of the State of New York is thus seriously endangered for tt e present; and the Union party in the city and State are eagerly and truculently hounding on the Washington Govern ment to crush every vestige of local jurisdiction. The draught is to be enforced, and it is the Presi dent alone who has the right and the might to en force it. The attacks of the Republicans upon Governor Seymour are violent, even beyond the limits of American abuse. Seymour himself and his Democratic party are traduced as the authors of all this last week's rioting. Their sympathies are said to be with the slaveowners in the South, and with the cutthroats and robbers of the North. They are banded as the enemies of the Union and the country, men to be closely watched and held in check with a strong hand. To give you an idea of the instability of public opinion in this country, I may as well tell you that no later than Tuesday last, when about landing, I was assured by the unanimous assertion of all my American fellow-citizens, most of whom were the blackest of Republicans, that no man had a better chance of being the successful candidate for the next Presidential election than Governor Seymour, and that no man better deserved it. But Governor Seymour is now thought to be lukewarm in the cause of the war and indifferent to the interests of the Union ; therefore the conscrip tio❑ must be furthered in spite of him, and power is to be taken from his hand lest he should show remissness or tenderness in its enforcement, Yet a man need be neither a rebel nor a traitor to think that a law of conscription in America was an unwise measure in itself, and the 300 dol. clause an iniquitous disposition. A man need be no enemy of his country for hiding that an army of one million combatants ought to be equal to any task, and that it were better to thilik of rendering' it efficient by discipline than of enfeebling it by the introduction of raw and reluctant recruits. That the law, how ever improvident and impolitic, must be executed, may be true, but a man may be the very best of patriots, and yet be glad of any means by which the enforcement of the law may be effected with forbearance and humanity. American party spirit, however, is not amenable to such considerations. The Republicans wish to " go the whole hog' in this matter of the draught, and the New Yorkers of that hue do not hesitate to crush their hitherto popular Governor in the attain ment of their object. Seymour can at this present moment reckon on no very extensive support. The City Council, almost to a man, and the wealthiest people are with him ; but nearly the whole State Legislature, the public functionaries, and the middle classes would sell their very birthright for the Union, and for anything they may fancy conducive to its maintenance. It will not do, however, for the prevailing party to rely too sanguinely on their success. There is disaffection among the soldiers, I am told; the Militia regiments which were summoned in haste from Pennsylvania were ready and eager enough to put down a mere thieves' riot ; but they protest they will not fight for the draught, and will not be brought into collision with their countrymen on that score. ASSIZE INTELLIGENCE. WESTERN CIRCUIT.—EXETER, July 30. CROWN COURT. (Before Mr. Justice Willes,) Wm. V. Williams was indicted for maliciously obstruct ins the working of a mill wheel, used for the purpose 01 draining a mine called East Brookwood Mine, with intent to destroy or damage the mine. Mr. Bere prosecuted; Mr. Carter defended the prisoner. This was an indictment preferred under the Malicious Injury Act (24 and 25 Vic., cap. 37, sec. 29), by which it was declared that any person who should maliciously stop or hinder the working of any engine, with intent to destroy or damage any mine, with intent to hinder and delay the working of the mine, should be guilty of felony. The pri soner up to July 3 was captain of this mine, and was a large proprietor of the mine, having 384 shares, and was the ori ginal lessee, He, however, became unfortunate, and was a bankrupt, and after that the other shareholders thought hs was not a proper person to continue to be the manager, and they suspended him, upon which the prisoner said, "Then, gentlemen, I am suspended, and I will suspend the operations of the mine," and on July 6 the hatch was put down by Williams for the purpose of stopping the work- ing of the mine, by which damage was done to the amour of £2O. In the cross-examination of the witnesses it appeared that the prisoner had acted so well that his wages had been increased three times. The mine could have been set to work again in five minutes. As soon as the prisoner had stopped the wheel he went away and did not return again, and never interfered after. The learned Judge said he was of opinion the case came within the statute. Mr. Carter said his client was willing to promise not to repeat the act, but he could not advise the prisoner to say that he had done it maliciously. Mr.lßere said there was no desire to press the case harshly, but only to let the public know what the Act of Parliament was. Mr. Carter said the prisoner might withdraw his plea if he chose, but he would not advise him to do so. The prisoner said he would plead guilty. The Judge said he would treat this case as one of warning and the prisoner must enter into his recognisances to come up for judgment when called upon. Wm. Slaney Toms and five other persons were indicted for a riot at Ilfracombe, on the 25th April. Mr. M. Smith, Q.C., and Mr. Lopes prosecuted; Mr. Karslake, Q.C., and Mr. Coleridge, Q.C., appeared for the prisoners, It appeared that there had been some ill. feeling existing against two persons named Moon and Carter, who attended as witnesses before a committee of the House of Lords upon a railway bill. Moon and Carter had thought the railway to Ilfracombe would be injurious to the town of Ilfracombe and had exerted themselves and attended as witnesses against the bill. On the evening of April '2sth some of the active promoters of the measure returned from London; :hey arrived about 10 o'clock on the Saturday night. They first went to the Clarence Hotel, where from 200 to 300 people were assembled. In five minutes Torus and Huxtable came out of the hotel and put themselves af:the head of the mob, which proceeded, hissing and groaning, into the garden of Mr. Moon. They threw stones at the house and broke the windows. They then went to the house of Mr. Carter, who was out, but Mrs. Carter and her four children were in the house; they knocked at the door and broke the windows. A policeman who had followed the mob caught Baker by the collar and asked him if he knew what he was about. Toms replied, "You can't stop this; come boys." They then returned to the house of Mr. Carter, hooting, and throw ing stones. Toms said, " Come to me on Monday, and I'll be your leader," and he told the policeman that was nothing to what he would have. The two policemen of the town did all they could to put a stop to these riotous pro ceedings, and at last after this state of things had gone on for two or three hours Mr. Vye, the magistrate, was sent for. He came and tried to persuade the mob to go away quietly, but they would not attend to him. He then went home and fetched the Riot Act, which he read, and he ex plained to the mob the consequences of their conduct. It was a tumult of a very grave character, as the mob had swollen to such an extent that there were between 600 and 700 persons assembled. They threw stones during the time the Riot Act was being read. They then got into small parties and went about the streets singing " We'll all hold together, we'll all riot together." The police begged them to go home, but they said they should not, as they were not 12 together. Eighteen panes of glass were broken at Mr. Carter's, and the door of his house was cracked. Witnesses were called who proved these facts. It appeared by the cross-examination of the witness that about a quarter of the number of the mob cons s sted of children, and there were agreat ,many women. The mob did not frighten the police. There was a good deal of cheering at first, and then it came to hissing, Mr. Toms was at the head of the mob; it would not be right to say the mob came behind Mr. Toms. There were showers of stones. The police did not know that 17s. paid for all the damage at Carter's, and 14s. at Moon's. Tho houses looked as well as could be expected the next day. The disturbance con tinued till long after 12 at night. Young Moon saw Torus in June; he insulted his father, and called him a barber's clerk, and asked him if ho meant to come to Exeter and see him have his hair cut off. Young Moon said he told him if he insulted his father again he would p unc h his head from his father's into his own house. lie had not said that he would have Toms's skin. The father of To4is was very active in the town, and was buried at th e p di expense, and had a monument erected to his momor The prisoner Toms was active in doing good for the tow Every one in Ilfracombe had been anxious to have a rai way, and Toms had subscribed largely. The rejection the bill had caused great disappointment. He was struck, although many stones were thrown. After 11 _ ti ye had read the Riot Act he told the mob that if 12 more remained for an hour it would be a capital offen , The mob then went into sixes, and afterwards dispersed. After the case had proceeded soma way notes were served travelling between the bench and the bar, and t 0011 nsel had a consultation, which resulted in the prison withdrawing their pleas and pleading guilty. Mr• Karelake said that after the facts which had b proved it would be i m p oss ibl e to di spute t h at there had b a riot —at the setae time all the defendants now deeply gretted what had taken place ; it had all arisen from an excited feeling which had existed at the moment in conse quence of the rejection of the railway bill in Parliament. A suggestion had now been made to which he acceded. Mr. Smith said he was quite wilting to believe that the defendants regretted the part they had taken in this riot. It was impossible that justice could have been done without this inquiry. It was of the greatest importance that wit nesses should be protected from outrage. He trusted the defendants would consider that the prosecution had done all they could to restore the peace of the town. Mr. Justice Willes then addressed the defendants; they had been guilty of a riot, and an assemblage of persons in large numbers was a very dangerous thing, as no one could tell where a riot would stop. Very likely the defendants had no other object than to mark their view of the rejection of this bill, and he was willing to believe that the result was never contemplated. It was a case in which there was a remarkable absence of personal injury to any individual— that was a circumstance strongly in their favour. It ap peared they had a desire to benefit the town of Ilfracombe, and they were .now ready to express their regret for their conduct, but to do so in a substantial manner by paying a round sum of £lOO to a charitable institution of the town. They must also enter into their recognizances to come up for judgment if called upon, and to keep the peace for six months. CITY OF EXETER, July 31. (Befole Mr. Justice Willes.) The citizens of Exeter are exceedingly anxious that due respect should be shown to the Judge of Assize trying the city prisoners in their Guildhall. No doubt this is a very g, but a m ore i nconven i ent ,sined, w hil e t h e C ounty o a c n no c eu i r e t n fo t irs a b n uc cl os mi h n a mei n si os d d s i o oe m auns e nao b nt u dh i buildin g , n iewl la ventilated. Mr. Justice \Vides, however, gratified the citizens to-day by sitting in their miserab:e hall. Charles "%Vestall and Peter M`Carthy were indicted for burglariously breaking into the house of James Windiatt on the Bth of July. _ Mr. Carter prosecuted; and Mr, C. A. Turner defended the prisoners. This case was rather curious,inasnauch as the house broken into was in the High-street, Exeter, and immediately oppo site the Guildhall, which is the police-station. It appeared that in the night one of the prosecutor's assistants was sit ting up in his bedroom copying music. About 12 o'clock at night he thought he heard some one in the house. He threw up the window and called to a policeman and told him what he suspected. The policeman went round the corner to the house-door ; he found the fanlight open and \Vestal' sitting on the door with his legs hanging down. The policeman took hold of his legs and then received a tremendous blow on the head with a most formid able life-preserver. The policeman called "Murder :" and other policemen came to his assistance, and INlTarthy was found getting out of the house. The first policeman was severely beaten. Upon the prisoners being searched some very excellent housebreaking implements, a spring knife, a dark lantern and matches, and 32 picklock keys were found upon them. A locksmith was called as a witness, and he showed, in a very ingenious manner, the way in which locks having the keys left in them could, with the greatest ease be opened by means of one of the instruments found on the prisoners. It seemed that the prisoners were first seen in Exeter at the time of the agricultural show a month before this occur rence. They were evidently most accomplished burglars. Mr. Turner, at the close of the case for the prosecution, stated that he had been instructed to watch the case on be half of the prisoners ; but as the witnesses were firm in their statements he felt it was useless to do more than ask for as much leniency as his lordship could extend to the prisoners. The jury at once found the prisoners Guilty. The learned Judge, in passing sentence, said it was clear the prisoners were most accomplished criminals. They had very extraordinary implements for breaking into houses which no locks could withstand, a dark lantern to enable them to see the property to be stolen, and formidable weapons to resist persons who might endeavour to protect their property. The Court would not be doing its duty if it did not visit such offenders with condign punishment. The sentence would be penal servitude for 20 years. His Lordship then directed that the first policeman should have a reward of £lO, the second V, and all the other policemen who came up 40s. each. SPORTING INTELLIGENCE, GOOD-WOOD RACES --FRIDAY. The Nassau Stakes of 50 soya each, for 3-yr-old fillies, Bst 71b each. The second received 100 sous out of the stakes. One mile. 16 subs. Lord Exeter's Fantail, by Woodpigeon, Bst 71b (W. Boyce) 1 I ord Stamf or d' s C ass i dia, Bst 71b ........ (A. Edward s ) 2 Sir H. Des Vceux's Roly- po l y' Bst 71b (Custan3e) 3 Lord Exeter' s A me li a B st 71b .............. (Aldcreft ) 4 Betting-6 t o 4 on F antail and 3t o 1 a gst Cassidia. Amelia, in comp an y w i t h R o ly-poly, made play, closely attended by the favourite, Cassidia lying off. On rounding the turn into the straight Fantail drew forward and ran in company to the distance, where Fantail and Cassidia came out and finished the race home, the former winning cleverly by a length; Roly•poly was a bad third. The Queen's Plate of 100 g uineas. About 3 miles 5 fur- longs. 91b Mr. Naylor's I so li ne , 3 yrs , 7st (Challoner) 1 Mr. G. Bryan's Millionaire, 6 yrs, lOst 51b , (Custance) 2 Betting -5 to 2on Isoline. Millionaire, despite his crushing weight, made the run ning at a steady pace, the favourite following at an interval of half a dozen lengths. They ran thus to half way up the hill, when Isoline drew forward, and us they neared the distance got within a length of the leader. The pair ran with great gameness to the stand, where Millionaire began to succ um b t o the weight , and t h e young one, catching him within a stride or so from home, won b y a nec k. The N l u o r O se a ry dde S d t , forakes (Handicap) of 15 sovs each, 5 ft, with 2-yr-olds. Last mile: 69 su b s. Mr. R, Ten Brceck's Pa ris, ist 41b ( i nclud. 61 b extra) (Drew) 1 Mr. R. Ten Brceck's Idler, Est 101 b (G. Noble) 2 Mr, W. Day's Mail Train, 7st 21b . . (J. Adams) 3 The following also ran :—Young Rapid, Roseneath, Linda, Antoinette, Sheridan, Gordian Knot, Madcap, Lytham, Blue-Bell, and Junius, (in Betting-11 to 10 on P aris (with whom Mr. Ten Broach declared to win), 4 to 1 a g st Linda, 8 t o 1 agst Junius 10 t o Lytham broke away, and ran some distance both of w hi c h J unius, Idler, m 1 agst Idler, 12 to 1 agst Antoinette, and 25 to 1 agst Yo ung Rapid. a A il ft After Train, two up th andefailures hill), i ll): the flag was low ere d t o an excellent by Linda having a trifle th e b est of it, followed and Gordian Knot, clos e up w i th whom were Idler, Mail Train, and Madcap, the others lyint , in a followers. At ,Young cluster at their heels. H alf wa y u p the hill the thr ee l ea d ers alter na t e ly appeared in fr ont , and at the t urn i nto the Rapid, and Mad cap the enclosure Linda was straight they closed up , and r an together to th e di stance, where Junius was beaten. Th e favourite was th us l e f t w i th c a a c p l eaasr his lea immediated, having L illda ,ler, beaten, and her place was ta ken by the favo uri t e , Idl er, and Young Rapid, bu t the latt er not being pers evere d w i t h he was passed by Mail Train , Who, however, was unable to reach the leaders, and Paris won with great ease by a length. There were four lengths between the second and third, Antoinette was fourth, and Young Rapid fifth, followed by Junius and Redcap. The rest were widely scattered. The Duke of Richmond's Plate (handicap) of 100 sovs, fur a ll ages. New mile. Mr. R. Ten Broeck's Dolphin, 3 yrs, 6st 51b (G. Noble)-1-1 Mr. W. Day's Boah, 4 yrs, 7st 9lb ...... (S. Adacus)t2 Mr. Thomas's Silkstone, 4 yrs, 7st (Wilkinson) 3 The following also ran . — Fontenoy, Schoolmistress, Mi croscope, Coupon. Betting-2 to 1 agst Dolphin, sto 2 agst Coupon, 3to 1 agst Microscope, and 8 to 1 agst Silkstone. Fontenoy jumped away with a commanding lead, fol lowed by Coupon, Bosh, and Dolphin, and kept his posi tion to the distance, where he gave way beaten, and was followed in a few strides by Coupon. Bosh and Dolphin then showed in advance, the former (lying next the rails on the far side) having a trifle the best of it to the stand,where Dolphin joined issue, and an exciting struggle between the two ended with a dead heat; a bad third ; Coupon was fourth, Microscope fifth, and Fontenoy next; Schoolmis tress was beaten off. Deciding Heat-5 to 2on Dolphin, who waited upon Bosh to halfway in the distance, when he took a slight lead, kept it to the end, and won cleverly by a neck. Sweepstakes of 10 soya each, 5 ft, for 2-yr-olds and up wards; optional selling weights. T.Y.C. 6 subs. Lord Uxbridge's Erythia, 3 yra, Bst (150 says) (T. Mr. W. Goater's Th e H are , 2 yrs, E s t 31b (150 French soya) ) 1 (Mordiv.i) 2 Mr. W. Treen's Spectre, 2 yrs, 6st 101 b (:00 sovs) _ (C. Pages 3 Betting—Even on The Hare, and 6 to 4 agst Erythia. The Hare hold a slight lead of Erythia to the distance, when they closed and raced together to the inclosure ; Erythia then got her head in advance, and won cleverly by three-quarters of a length. A bad third. The Chesterfield Cup (handicap), ♦alue 300 sovs, by sub scription of 15 each, the surplus in money, for 3-yr-olds and upwards. Craven Course. 56 subs. Lord Annesley's Ace of Clubs, 4 yrs, 7st 91b .... (Doyle) 1 Mr. G. Lambert's Aurelian, 5 yrs, 7st 131 b (Fordham) 2 Marquis of Hastings's Tippler, 3 yrs, 7st 41b .. (Deacon) 3 The following also ran :—Bellman, Spencer, Monk, Chere Arnie, Leonora, Polynesia, Doncaster, Agag, Tademus, Blackdown, Lord of Linne, Turcos, Newmarket, Black Deer, Tornado, Muezzin, Cheerful, and Calliope colt. Betting -4 to 1 agst Muezzin, 5 to 1 agst Aurelian, 6 to 1 each agst Ace of Clubs and the Calliope colt, 8 to 1 agst Tornado, and 10 to 1 each agst Polynesia and Blackdown. The lot got away at the third attempt in close order,with the exception of Tademus and Turcos, who were left some distance in the rear. On settling into their places New market went to the front, but after the first hundred yards he was headed by the Calliope colt, who was closely fol lowed by Blackdown and Aurelian, the most conspicuous behind whom were Ace of Clubs, The Monk, Polynesia, Tornado, and The Tippler, with the favourite lying wide on the left. On reaching the foot of the hill the Calliope colt was beaten, and Ace of Clubs assumed the command,havin g Aurelian, Tippler, and Tornado as his immediate followers, to which lot the race was now confined. At the distance Ace of Clubs and Aurelian drew away, and finished a close race home, Ace of Clubs winning rather cleverly by half a l eng th ; three lengths separated the second and third ; Tornado was a bad fourth; Cheerful was fifth, and the Calliope Colt sixth. The others were beaten off, the last two being Muezzin and Agag. The March Stakes of 5 soya each, with 50 added ; 7st 7lb ; 3.yr-olds, 9st ; fillies allowed 31b ; the winner to l be sold for 300 #ovs. Half a mile. 36 subs. Lord Westmorland's Laitra, 3 yrs, Bst 111b..(J. Goater) 1 Mr. S. Thellusson's Cuckoo, 2 yts, 7st 71b.... (Mordan) Lord Stamford's fEtna, 3 yrs, Bst 111 b .. (Edwards) 3 The following also ran :—CutawhT, Cosette, Witch of Endor, Telscombe, Overture, Narbonne, Pegt;: us • Betting-5 to 2 agst tEtna, 3to 1 agst Cutaway, 4 agst Laura, 5 to 1 agst Cuckoo, 8 to 1 agst Overture, 12 to 1 agst Narbonne, and 20 to 1 agst Witch of Endor. Cuckoo jumped off with a clear lead, followed by Cosette, "Etna, and Cutaway, Laura, who came on in waiting, lying next the rails on the far side. They retained these positions until reaching the enclosure, where Goater brought up Laura and won in a canter by four lengths ; a neck separated the second and third ; Cutaway was fourth ; with Cosette and Overture close up. The others were pulling up as they passed the post. The winner was claimed by Mr. Thellusson. Sweepstakes of 100 sovs each, h ft, for 4-yr-olds ; colts, Bat 71b ; fillies, Bst 21b ; winners extra. Cup Course. 3 subs. Mr. Merry's Buckstone, Bst 71b (Edwards) w.o. LATEST BETTING. ST, LEGER. 4to 1 apt The Ranger (taken) 6to 1 eget Queen Bertha (taken) 9to 1 agst Lord Clifden (taken freely) THE DERBY, 1864. 14 to 1 agst Cambuscan (taken) 100 to 6 agst Paris (taken) 15 to 1 agst Idler (offered) 16 to 1 agat Paris (taken) 18 to '-1 agst Scottish Chief (taken) 25 to 1 agat Birchbroom (taken) 30 to 1 agst Hollyfox (taken) 10 to 1 agat Mr. Ten Broeck's lot (taken) " THE PRINCE OF WALES RACING LEDGER: a Monthly Turf Directory, for 1862 and 1863."—The August number of this comprehensive and invaluable directory has just been published, and, like its predecessors, the contents embrace all the details of racing matters ; length of courses, pedigree and running of horses, and, in fact, everything which can be of the slightest importance to the sporting world. It is very carefully got up and beautifully printed, and, consider ing the extensive information it affords, and the moderate price at which it is published, we have no doubt it will be found to be indispensable in the hands of our sporting readers. SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS, HERALD..._ perhas dly the im- portance of facWts...whichp are har reaching realise us by each mail from New York. Digesting the news as it comes piecemeal , we fail to catch the full meaning of the revolutionary action that is making some thing worse t h an a bear garden of the pride of American patriots; and, like travellers viewing the Pyramids, shall only have the true view when, re moving from the Tavel of a close proximity, we become abl e to take in at a glance the whole bear ings of the s' gigantic work. It has been well for a our readers, . indeed , it is fortunate for the European public, that we have had in our corre spondent "Manhattan" so vivid and well-informed a painter of the events . as they have arisen. Long and actively engaged in American politics, none can know better the oed shoals and deeps of their intricate navigation, and ofeverything appertaining to the New th action esp ec i a ll y Y e o p rk ene graphic sk e t c h es come from artist, thor ough l y at home o i f et a y'hia ready equally with its movements and the influences that direct them. We risk little in saying that nothing so true or characteristi c o f the elements ements that distinguish New York fro m every other city in the world has ap peared elsewhere, andthat no like conception is to be obtained on the true nature of the anarchy which, v long bro o di ng that unhappy capital, has at length manifested its power in a succession, of ex traordinary riots. an American de pur sang, the interest of his picturesque and telling nar ratives is increased b is being, in part, " the ori ginal he draws," and y from his sympathising so evidently in all the scenes and things he describes for us . W ou l d to Heaven and better he had better sub jects for hi s sympathies descriptions; for it may be doubted if anything more unhappy than either ever crossed the dreams of the phil ant h rop i st, exercised the patience of the philosopher, or exhausted the resources of the poli tician. Human nature must have forgotten itself into a new creation not to shudder at the pictures he gives us f rom a civilised society in a Christian commonwealth, formed mainly, too, of offshoots from our own country; and terrible as have been the lessons of inhumanity furnished by the records of the war, they whiten before those which 'he sends us warm and palpitating from the butcheries of his New York streets. It used to be thought that the excesses of a cruelty grown ingenious in the unhealthiness of depraved natures which made the early days of the. French Revolution a phenomenon in human history, might be accurately attributed to the wild vengeance of uncultivated masses, wrought _by along custom of slavery into the moral degradation that fitted men for the indulgence of crime as the want of some dis eased nature. But the atrocities that are now taking the belief of an appalled philanthropy are the acts of free c iti zens , w h o h ave long exercised every privilege of liberty under a diffusion of lite rary light unprecedented since the invention of letters. The death of Count Foulon under the roused passions o f a P ar i s i an mo b, t o w h om h e h a d been denounced as a forestaller of corn, was not marked by more revolting circumstances than the butchery of Colonel O'Brien in the streets of New York. Ho bad ventured amid the crowd alone, but, staggered by a sudden blow received at the back of the head, he was at once enclosed, and, when made powerless, was beaten within an inch of his life, and the " almost inanimate body" then taken "by the strong arms of the crowd" and hung in the old Parisian fashion, d la laterne. A few minutes, however, was all that the impatience of the mob could allow for this tame mode of punish ment, and the body, not yet dead, was again taken in hand by the crowd, and thrown as so much rub bish in the street. Now commenced the last indul gence of the taste of a modern mob, and nature, says the reporter, "shudders at the scenes that fol lowed." The body was nlutilated past recognition. The head was made one pultacinus mass, the clothes " saturated" with blood ; and a crowd of 300 stood around gazing on " the corpulent form " of the powerfully-organised soldier, who lay faintly breath ing, with the eyelids twitching and lips convulsed, and sho wing the other signs indicative of a slow and agonising death. Left for a time in this condition the body was again seized by someof the spectators, dragged by the legs from one side of the street to the other, and then the head was raised at intervals that an application from the font of one of the crowd might "dash the already mangled mass again to the earth." And it was while this protracted game of human football was going on in the go ahead capital of the New World that the unfortu nate colonel breathed his last. The crusade made on the wretched negroes reaches, if possible, a still higher region of execrable brutality. Whatever deficiences there may be among this unfortunate people they are characterised by habits peaceable and docile even to tameness, and apart from the prejudices of colour and taste there is absolutely nothing against them in the Free States, except that they can only live by competing with German and Irish immigrants for the meaner forms of un skilled labour. Yet, in the capital of a republic where all men are born free and equal, where the truths of the Christian system are held to be a living code, governing the lives and securing the happiness of every household, a population of Ame rican citizens is found actively at work making the poor people's tenancy of a house a title to burn it, end their appearance in the street an authority for killing them. Our well-informed correspon dent had some time ago apprised us of the coming danger, and noted the fact that it had been so far scented by the victims that they "walked long distances rather than get into cars and omnibuses, where, says "Manhattan," "they are exposed to the scowls of vengeance whenever the time comes." " The indications," which, he added, were then showing themselves on all sides, have been realised, we would fain believe, in even larger proportions than he or any other American could have foreseen. His " low estimate" fixes the num ber already murdered at 200; and how many have perished by fright and famine, or are suffering under a maltreatment almost equal to murder, seems to be past calculation. One of these wretched beings was found by him hanging to a lamp-post, his clothes stripped cff, and a cigar in his mouth, until some boys intervt ned to release the body and drag it round the block of houses, with the variety of now and then picking out the eyes with sticks, or knocking out " his firm white teeth with stones.' When our kind-hearted correspondent was moving from his door to give an alms to an old negro "seventy years old, blind as a bat, and such a crip ple that he could hardly move as he was led along in rags by his equally aged wife, both trembling with fright, and not knowing where to go," h e w a s stopped by the characteristic warning " not to gi,i e anything for God's sake, unless he wished to be killed as an Abolitionist and his house burned' That the warning was a necessary one may be in ferred by the eloquent fact that our correspondent shut up his heart, and in his words " let the old couple meet their fate," with the prayer—let us trust it was not a barren one—that Heaven would make the fate a mild one. Every now and then in his own household, the shrieks of the negroes, " some of them raving mad with affright," would make his blood run cold ; and writing midway in the riots, he closes with the portentous notice— " Hereafter negro life will be worthless." The alarm ing circumstance in all this is, perhaps, less that an infuriated mob with power in their hands should abuse it on this helpless portion of God's creation, than that the better divisions cf society should be able to make so weak a protest against the atrocity, Our correspodent seems to look upon the extermi nation of the New York negroes as some mysteri ous necessity of democratic government, and when Arm. - hishop Hughes addressed the 5,000 citizens who were :opposed to have been largely com promised by crimes, no word of censure upon the most cons pic "-ous atrocity that has yet escaped darkened this century seems o have his lips. It is as well that we should vato this sign of the times in a community which must bs admitted to be pre eminently civilised, for the costly ext?eri ence that dishonours America must lose half its value if it fail to prove a warning for our own. Opinion cannot be too soon put on its guard against a tendency at once so terrible and unaccountable. It is a national apostasy in morals that asks the careful study of all charged with the responsbilities of public lite, and amounts, in fact, to what Lord Bacon calls " a setting out in the bark of a Chris tian Church the flag of a bark of pirates and assassins." TIMES.—On Thursday a man was tried and con victed at Maidstone of a murder committed and dis covered under circumstances which, if murderer and victim had been in a higher rank of life, would pro bably have made the crime notorious through the country. The reputation, if we may cell it so, of a murder is often due to something foreign to itself, to some fortuitous occurrence, or some relation of the parties to each other or society. In this case these were of the humblest and least romantic class; the perpetrator of the deed was a labourer, the murdered man, a poor, petty tradesman. The event will doubtless soon be forgotten, but the details are hardly less extraordinary than those of crimes which are remembered after the lapse of a century. The prisoner, Alfred Eldridge, a labourer thirty ' three years old, was indicted for the murder of Richard Steed, on the 2d of May last. Steed kept a small shop, at which the prisoner had dealt, and incurred a debt of a few shillings, for which Steed had sued in the County Court. It appears that at that time, which was three months before the murder, the prisoner had uttered threats against the deceased. Nothing, however, came off then immediately ; the prisoner managed to pay the money, and the men were to all appearance re conciled. About seven o'clock on the evening of the 2d of May the deceased, who had lett his house with a small sum of money in his pocket, was proved to have met the prisoner by chance at a publichouse. The prisoner asked him if he was going home, and, on bis replying that he was, Eldridge said he would go wit him. They were seen to go away conversing in a friendly manner, and were also noticed on their way by a man who was in his garden. Steed was never seen again until he was found, about a quar ter past eight o'clock, in the agonies of death. His skull was ,beaten in, his features were undistin guishable from his face being crushed and stamped into a shapeless mass, his brain was protruding from the fractured bone ; he was taken home, where he almost immediately breathed his last. It was evident that his skull had been cut open with some sharp instrument, and that then he had been stamped the upon with heavy boots and left for dead. fact, marks of boot nails were on the face. Suspienen at once fell on the prisoner, and the next day he was; apprehended and the house searched. The super intendent of police asked for the boots the prisoner wore on the preceding day. They were produced, and seemed to have marks of blood upon them, but they had been probably wetted and then dried, for they were quite hard. On closer examination a sin gular and damning piece of evidence was discovered. On the boots, which were heavily armed with iron nails and heels, were human hairs sticking in the mud which still remained upon the soles. "The hair was dark brown, and there was at least one gray "hair stuck on the boot." The hairs corresponded exactly with the hair of the deceased, who was an elderly man. In addition to this there were spots on the prisoner's trousers, and he had on a pair of clean stockings, those he must have worn the day before being nowhere to be found. On being ques tioned as to the events of the previous evening he gave an account of what passed which was improb able in itself and was contradicted by a witness at the trial. He said he had left the deceased at a cer tain spot and gone home by himself by a particular way. That way was a very circuitous one, and there was no reason why he should have chosen it. More over, a witness swore that he had seen him and the deceased pass by a spot which, if the prisoner's story were true, he had not been near. The aid of science was then called in to test the evidence that had been collected. Chymistry and the microscope played their wonderful part in bringing the mur derer to justice. Dr. Taylor stated that be had exa mined the trousers and found numerous small spots upon them. These were tested in the usual way, also examined by the microscope, and they were dis covered to be blood. Of this there can be no doubt, but the boots did not furnish such clear evidence. They had marks which looked like blood, but as no " coagulum," or " clot," could be found, it was im possible to speak with certainty. But, on the other hand, the washing of the boots would account for the appearance presented. A red fibre was in one of the stains, another was still sticking to the boot, and was examined in court by means of a lens. These fibres corresponded with the fibres of a red comforter worn by the deceased on the evening of the murder. Dr. Taylor had, furthermore, examined the hairs on the boot microscopically, and "some of them, in his opinion, were decidedly human hairs, though one of them was doubtful. . He bad compared the hair thus found un the boot with that taken from the head, and they corresponded, as far as he could judge, perfectly." This evidence was corroborated by another scientific witness, Dr. Parry, who was able to state that " he had examined in par ticular a spot on the right leg, and found there cor puscles, or globules, which corresponded ex actly in character with those of human blood." Indeed, there hardly ever was scientific evi dence more positive an d trustworthy. The remaining evidence princ;pally related to some admissions said to have been made by the pri soner, and, if the witnesses are to be believed, there certainly seems little doubt that he in substance confessed his guilt. But, putting this aside, the case was one of circumstantial eviaence, and Baron Channel' made the usual remarks and gave the usual caution to the jury. The previous quarrel, the pro posal of the prisoner that they should walk home together, the circumstance that they were seen to gether at a point on the road which the prisoner de nied having passed, the finding of the dying man within a very short time afterwards, the disappear ance of the prisoner's stockings, the state of his boots, the blood spots on the trousers, the human hair and the particles of red woollen sticking on the boots, and moreover, the fact that the money of the deceased remained in his pocket, thus indicating some other motive for the crime than robbery--all these things, though falling under the description of circumstantial evidence, make up a case more convincing than almost any that can be framed by direct testimony. The scientific men, as the Judge remarked, did not so much bring new evidence of their own as confirm by rigid examination that of the uninstructed witnesses, and for that reason the case may be looked upon as being all the more satisfactorily proved. Seldom has a foulder murder been committed, or one in dealing with which it was more essential that justice should not miscarry. the jury deserve every commendation for not allow ing fanciful doubts to impel them to an acquittal, or a perverse view of the ease to reduce the crime to manslaughter, To the stupid and ferocious natures of bad men of the prisoner's class the idea that an act committed in a lonely country place, far from any human eye, will never be brought home to them is most apt to occur, and this singu lar case of a foul deed wonderfully proved against the doer will be a salutary warning. Full benefit of reduced duty obtained by pur chasing Horniman's pure Tea; very choice at 3s. 4d. and 4s. " High Standard "at 4s. 4d. (formerly 4s. Bd.), is the strongest and most delicious imported. Agents in every town supply it in packets. ADVERTISEMENT.]—Avoid medicines : they always aggra vate chronic complaints, but Du Barry's Delicious Health Restoring Revalenta Arabiea Food, which saves fifty times its cost in other remedies, invariably cures them, restoring perfect digestion, strong nerves, sound lungs, healthy liver, pure blood, refreshing sleep, functional regularity, and energy to the moat disordered or enfeebled. We extract a few out of 60,000 Cures :—Cure No. 58,216 of the Marchioness de Brehan, Paris, of a fiver complaint, wasting away for seven years, debility, with a nervous palpitation all over, bad digestion, constant sleeplessness, the most intolerable nervous agitation, and dreadfully low spirited.—Cure No. 1,771. Lord Stuart de Decies, Lord Lieut. of Waterford, of many yea rs dyspepsia.—Ne. 49,832. "Fifty years' indescribable agony from dyspepsia, nervousness, asthma, cough, constipation, flatulency, spasms, sickness, and vomiting.—Maria —Cure No. 46,270. Mr. James Roberts, of Frimley, Surrey, of thirty years' diseased lungs, spitting of blood, liver derange. ment, and partial deafness.—Cure No. 47,121. Miss Elizabeth Jacobs, of extreme nervousness, indigestion, gatherings, low spirits, and nervous fancies.—Cure No. 54,616. The Rev. Jas. T. Campbell, Fakenham, Norfolk, "of indigestion and torpi dity or the liver, which had resistel all medical treatment" In tins, 1 lb., 2s. 9d. ; 21b., 48. 6d ; 515.,118. ; 121 b., 225. ; 14113. 408.—Barry Du Barry and Co., No. 77, Regent-street, London; also Fortnum and Mason ; and all Grocers and Chemists in every town 01 the United Kingdom, A French View of the Duke of Wellington. The last number of the Correspondant contains an article on the Duke of Wellington. "In the list of her distin guished men," says the writer, "England counts none whose influence On her is of a stronger kind than that of the Duke of Wellington. All is to the last degree curious and complicated, but it is supremely instructive; and by follow ing carefully all that in his character is attractive for his countrymen, we have the key to the greater part of the transformations which the English mind has pas se d th roug h during the last 50 years. What we must observe above all is that th e m ilit ary fortune of tae Duke of Wellington goes for little, relatively, in accountib,:r for the sort of moral dictatorship, which he ended by ex , reisn'ig over his coun try. Had he died in 1826, the impression roduced by him in England would have been effaced. His renown would place him by the side of Marlbr rough or Nelson, but of action on the soul of the nation there would be no trace. It is by dint of living and of being that ho has staoped him self on the mind of England, and has sunk the mo:e deeply into it according a; the date of his successes and his mate rial services becomes more remote. His glory has but a stZ'all share in his power. He predominates by the force of his character, and it is simply for what he is, rather than-. for what he has done, that people admire him and seek to imitate him. What is called the great war' has much less charm for the English people than is generally sup • posed; and though towatils its close that great struggle ex cited popular enthusiasm, for the last 30 years at least Eng land makes it a principle to discredit war, and directs all her energy to the peaceful development of society. Since tne Re form Bill in '32, and Sir R. Peel's reforms in '4l, the move ment of the English mind is become social, commercial, political (only occasionally), educational above all and always, but never military. Now it was in the very height of this movement, and during th, last 12 or 15 years of the Duke of Wellington's life, that his country has become as it were incarnate in him, and pushed its veneration for him to founding after his death an institution the main ob ject of which is to train up young men to imitate the civic virtues, the special moral excellence, of the illustrious Duke. Owing to his military fortune her preponderance for several years in the affairs of the world, it is not for that alone that England feels grateful to him; it is for his secondary qualities that she identifies herself with him; it is by that sort of excellence which is within every man's reach that he has subjected, as it were, the public mind. S irtues that may be practised by every Englishman are what proud Albion honours in Wellington, and what renders the union between the country and the man indissoluble. Of the qualities by which men govern, England seems to hold but little account in the Duke.- What she demands are the qualities of submission to duty,. those which are most valuable in the ordinary °eminences of life. Absolute obedience to duty is what it seeks and admires. If you want to know after this how England claims the Duke of Wellington, the answer is easy ; she claims him more by peace than by war. Of the mere soldier she already thinks less; but what she honours and would imitate is the citizen—the subject of the Crown— the most devoted servant of the nation. One of the most remarkable things in the Duke of Wellington was his little inclination a priori for war. From the beginning to the end. of his career it was from him that pacific counsels always proceeded ; and his moderation astonishes even those who knew him best. No man ever felt more deeply than he did all that even a successful war has of the terrible; and per haps the greatest of all praises to which he is entitled is that never during his long military career did he allow himself to be led away by the charm of glory ; never did this sublime intoxication, which even the strongest minds find it difficult to resist, ever trouble the rectitude of his mind, or disturb the dry straight prosaic line which appeared in his eyes to be that of duty." In a note the writer of the article eulogises the extreme delicacy which the present Duke has shown in editing the " Supplementary Despatches" of his father, " La the 8,000 pages already published we look in vain for a single line tending to disturb the peace or honour of a single family." COUNTRY MARKE TS. -- - - WAKEFIELD-PRIDA.Y. Wheat dull to-day, and prices rather in buyers' favour, but no disposition to force sales at any material decline. Spring corn unaltered. Averages for the week : Wheat 1,911 qrs., at 46s lld Rye — —s Od Oats Beans LIVERPOOL-FRIDAY. At this day's market there was a short attendance, with a dull business doing in wheat, at a reduction of hi to 2d per cental. Flour extremely dull, but not much cheaper. Oats and oatmeal meet little inquiry. Indian corn 3d per qr decline. Beans at former rates. EXETER-FRIDAY. Wheat, white.. 6s 3d to 6s 4d Barley ..3s 6d to 4s 3d Ditto red. I .6s Od to Cs 3d Oats .. • ..2s 9d tv, 3s Od Flour, fine, 35s to 36s ; seconds,;34s to —s per sack. CATTLE. I Fat beef, p sc., 10s0d to lls6d Ewes, per 1?" .... Sid to 61d Pork carcases, 7s Od to Ss Od Wethers, d 0..... 7d to —d Lamb, p 1b.......—d to —d Fat calves, d0...61d to 70. Rough fat, 31d per lb. S TAM F ORD—FRIDAY. White wheat, 48s to 49s ; red, 45s to 47s per 36 stone. Barley, malting., 36s to 40s; grinding, 28s to 32s per qr. Oats, 22s to 26s per 24 stone. Beans, old, 42s to —s per qr. ; new, 39s to —s. BRISTOL SUGAR—FRIDAY. The market this week has been more active, and better prices have been obtained. A moderate business has been done in refined goods, and prices remain unaltered. Ruma in consumptive demand at about id per proof gall, higher. DUBLIN—FRIDAY. To-day the show of wheat was small, but late rates were not improved. Business dull. Some samples of new oats (tawney) appeared, and were taken for export at 14s to 14s 6d. s. d. s. d. Wheat, white.. 11 0 to 12 0 Do., red lO 0 to 11 0 Do., new .... 0 to 0 Barley Oats Do., black — 0 to 0 s. d. s. d. Beans.. . 0 to 0 Bere Rapeseed Oatmeal l2 0 to 15 0 Bakers' flour Indian emu COAL A Prices of Coal per Ton a' CARNET. the close of the market. s. d. Walker Primrose l3 0 Carway and Duffryn Malting , 19 6 Eden Main l6 0 North Pelton Gas 13 3 Hastings Hartley l5 9 , Davison's West Hart- Walls End. s. d. _ ........ .....—..., ley.. llolywell 16 3 Wylam 16 3 West Wylam.. . Walls End. Braddyll's Hetton 16 9 Tunstall Haswell lB 0 Caradoc l7 0 Ships at marker Heugh Hall 16 6 Hartlepool 17 6 Trimdon Hartlepool 17 6 South Hartlepool 16 6 East Hartlepool 17 9 K elloe South Kelloe 16 6 Hetton lB 0 South Hetton l7 9 Russel's Hetton 16 9 8urn..... 16 0 Gosforth l5 9 Ridde11.....~. Harton 15 Framwellgate.. l6 0 a, 61; sold, 66. Foreign Mail Packet List. MAILS DUE. Australia and Mauritius, via Southampton Aug. 18. via Marseilles ... Aug. 13. Brazil and Cape Verde, by British packet Aug. 4. Cape of Good Hope, Ascension, and St. Helena.. Aug. —. China, Penang, and Singapore, via Southampton. Aug. 2. via Marseilles Aug —. Falkland Islands Gibraltar, via Southampton Aug. 2. India (Calcutta), and Ceylon, via Southampton Aug. 2. via Marseilles Aug. —. India (Bombay), via Southampton .. Aug. 10. via Marseilles Aug. 4. Portugal Malta, Egypt, and Ad en , v i a S ou th amp t on Aug. 2. via Marseilles Aug. —. Newfoundland .. Aug. 5. Oporto and Vigo .. . •• Ti. S. and British N. America, by Brit. packet Aug. 5, by U.S. packet by Canadian packet Aug. 7. W.C. of Africa, Madeira, and Teneriffe .. Aug. 10. Bahamas, via New York Aug. 27. Mexico All parts of West Indies, includin C, Peru, I Aug.A3 California. and British Columbi a ... ... .-' 13 . Births. BRYDONE.—On the 30th ult., at Chester-place, Regent's park, the wife of Mr. Walter Brydone, of a son. HENNIKER.—On the 30th ult., at Newton Hall, Essex, the ter, wife of Sir B r yd ges Henniker, Bart,, of a daugh- POWELL.—On the 29th tilt., at Langton House, Chelten ham, the wife of Captain Powell, R.N., of a daughter. Marriages. ELLis—yiLLlAMs.—On the 30th ult., at Renhold, Bed fordshire, F ranc i s Ellis, Esq., of Kneeton , Nottingham shire, to Louisa Sarah, youngest daughter of the late Rev. Charles Williams, rector of Sherrington, Bucking hamshire. RUMI3O LD — FRA.NKLYN.—On the 30th ult., at Winkfield, Berkshire, Charles Augu s t us , e ld es t snn of the late C. E. Rulabold, Esq., M.P., of Preston C.ndover, Hants, to Agatha Ellen, second daughter of George Woodroffe Franklyn, Esq., M.P., of Lovelhill, Berkshire. Deaths. BASSETT.—On the 29th ult., Wm Chinnery Bassett, E sq ,, Esq., of Nether Hall, Suffolk, agea 47. COLLARD..—On the 29th ult., at Stodmarsh Court, R en t, Edward Collard, Esq.. aged 69. CAMPBELL.—On the 28th ult., Hugh Bruce Campbell, Esq., of The Park, Nottingham, aged 60. ENGLISH.—On the 30th ult., at Chelsea, Wm. English, Beg., aged 67. MOORE. —On the 31st ult., at 7, Calthorpe-street, Henry Moore, Esq., aged 75. ANDREWS.—On the 2 8 th, ult., at Brompto,, Lieut.-Col. R. A. Andrews, formerly of the 30th Regt. London : Printed and Published by WILLIAM ANDREWS. of No. 112, Strand, Printer, at Tin StJl Office, No. Ir 2, Strand, in the Precinct of the Savoy, in the County 'ot Middlesex•— Saturday, August 1, 1863. r