The Sun. — London, England, 1833-05-22 00:00:00

Here, then, was an ample field for the operations of a ju dicious economy.—(Hear, hear.) Disregarding all tech. nieal objections, as to whether the pensions were placed on the consolidated fund or on the civil list, he would come to the facts of the case at once, and he found that the pension list at present amounted to 150,0001., charged oa the civil list and the consolidated fund in England and Ireland, and the hereditary revenues of Scotland. Pre •ious to Mr. Burke's celebrated speech, which gave birth to the 22d Geo. 111., the Crown had no other restraint on its liberality than the sense of shame. That statute restricted the power of the Crown to grant pensions within certain limits. Since that period several attempts had been made to get at the motives for which these pen sions were granted, but they had always been resisted on the ground that the civil list was a sacred fund, set apart for the purpose of enabling the Monarch to relieve those unfortunate individuals who might me rit his grace and commiseration. The authors of those unsuccessful motions consoled themselves with the hope, that when a new Monarch ascended the throne these things would come under the revision of the House. Such was the state of things when the Noble Lord oppo site opened the civil list. The Noble Lord's predecessor bad proposed that the entire amount of the civil list, Eng lish, Scotch, and Irish, should be 144.000/. The Noble Lord's plan extended the sum to 150,000/. ; 75,0001. being placed on the civil list, and the remainder being transferred to the consolidated fund ; so that the latter payments, as they fell in, might come under the control of the House. When the Noble Lord's proposition was explained, many gentlemen, and he (Mr. Harvey) among the number, wished it to be understood, that in giving their sanction to the arrangement they should not be pre cluded trom any future inquiry into the circumstances which gave rise to those pensions. What, then, was the na. ture of those pensions? He found that in 1829, the Hon. Member for Middlesex, who by his indefatigable industry had smoothed the road of investigation for all who came after moved for a return of the names only of persons re cel.;ing pensions from the civil list; and the Noble Lord opposite supported the motion, on this undeniable ground —that the administration of the public money, in what ever hands it might be pl iced, was a responsible adminis tration—(Hear, hear)—and the Noble Lord, with that straightforwardness which always characterized his con duct on the opposition side of the House—(Laughter)— asked haw it was possible for them to impeach the pro priety of the pensions unless they knew the parties to whom they were given. The House bad now that re turn in their posees6on, and he (Mr. Harvey) wished to follow it up by another inquiry ; for what was the value of having the names, unless they also had the considera tions for which the money was given ?—( Hear, hear.) He held in his hand a return of persons receiving pen sions in the civil list of England, Scotland, and Ireland, including the Four and a Half per Cent. Duties, which last only amounted to 21,0001., and it was singular enough to observe the great disproportion which the fe male world bad in the share of the money.—(Laughter.) The number of pensioners amounted to 1,303, 1,022 of whom belonged to the fair sex.—(Hear, and laughter.) There were 208 persons with titles of distinction o❑ the list, of whom 124 were ladies. He had made out a clas sification of these persons, which he would take the liberty of communicating to the House. The Hon. Gentleman then read the following table : RETURN of PENSIONS on the CIVIL LIST of ENGLAND, SCOTLAND, and IRELAND, and on the FOUR AND A HALF PER CENT. DUTIES. Gross Number. Males. Females. England Scotland Ireland 4i per Cent. Duties 1.31X1 '2l 1,0'2'2 . PERSONS WITH TITLES OF DISTINCTION. _____---------- Gross Number. Males. Female, 73 29 England----Ti ................... 56 19 37 Scotland ................... 59 20 29 Ireland ..................... 6 14 4i per Cent. Unties ... __________2') SI I`4 0j 8 , The object of the motion with which he intended to conclude was to obtain a return of the considerations for which these various grants were made, and when he ob served the number of ladies on the list, and recollected the utany scandalous cheap publications which had lately been circulated in the metropolis, insinuating that these " Con siderations" were of a nameless description, he could not but think that it would he an insult to those fair recipients to suppose that they could have any objection to a motion which gave them the opportunity of showing the substan tial nature and character of the services they had ren dered.--(Hear, hear.) He preferred obtaining the in formation he desired by means of a return, rather than through a committee of inquiry, from a feeling of delicacy which he thought the House would at once recognise. To say nothing of the inconveniences attending a committee of inquiry, he could not help thinking that there would be great indelicacy in calling before it no less than 1,022 ladies at this season of the year.—(Laughter.) He there fore preferred conveying the wishes of the House to them through that courteous medium of communication by which the orders of the House were usually transmitted. There was another branch of expenditure, which showed how the people of this country were oppressed. In looking over the civil list he was surprised to find that pensions were given to the servants of his late Majesty, consisting, of course, of the domestics of the household.—(Hear, hear.) The number of these servants was 19S, and the amount of money they re ceived 14,4461. In was to such things as these that was to be traced the origin of that growing feeling of hostility to the Government which we found everywhere spreading about.—(Hear, hear.) Tee Government was strong in that House,—strong, not in the support, but in the fears, of that House,—yet a sentiment was spreading throughout the country, which no lover of it could contemplate with out apprehension—(Hear, hear)—and if the government continued to pursue the course they bad hitherto followed with regard to the finances of the country, the reform of that House, from which they all expected so much benefit would turn out to be one of the greatest evils that could befall the country. As long as that House was consti tuted as it had heretofore been, the people always looked to reform as the means of securing good government; but if that expectation should now be disappointed, to what must they look? They must look to themselves, arid the events that had taken place in that great metro polis within the last week plainly demonstrated that they were determined to look to themselves.--(Hear.) If the people found that reform disappointed them, they must look to that for which those who disappointed their just expectations would be responsible—a revolutietn in the in stitutions of the country. He did not hesitate to say that no one measure bad been brought forward by the Govern ment since the opening of the present Parliament which in any way corresponded with the expectations, not of giddy and extravagant bodies of men, but of the sober and rational reformers of the country—he meant the middle classes. Ministers bad forfeited the confidence of the national reformers of England, by turning their backs on all those professions which, when out of office, had earned them the support and applause of the public. They had made the term Whig a by-word, and had shown that the worst species of Tory was a Whig in place. Had a motion like the present been brought forward when the Whigs were in their old opposition places, what declama tion they would hear about the crying injustice of taxing the people for the support of State paupers and unmerited pensioners. As it was, he trusted the Noble Chancellor of the Exchequer would give some intelligible reason for conti. nuing a system of paying some of the offshoots of the aris'o cracy, who had never rendered the public any service in re turn. The Him. Member concluded with moving for a return of all persons on the English, Irish, and Scotch pension lists heretofore paid out of the Civil List, specifying with each name the sum received by each individual ; the period of grant, the public grounds, or other consideration, far as practicable, on account of which they have been granted ; distinguishing those who are widows and orphans of deceased public servants, and such as are in the receipt of any salary, profits, pay, fees, and emoluments from any public source. Mr. HUME seconded the motion. Lord ALTHORP had no objection to that part of the motion which referred to the pensions on the consolidated fund, but objected to its being extended to the pensions on he civil list. The Hon. Member seemed to think that it mattered nothing to the public whether the pension was on the consolidated fund or the civil list, as the public paid equally for both, and therefore included, or rather m:xed them both up in his motion ; but it did matter to the public, inasmuch as the former were completely under the control of Parliament, while the civil list pen sions, as being guaranteed during the life of the monarch, could only properly come under the cognizance of Par liament at the commencement of a new reign. He was free to admit the principle that no person should receive a pension not merited by past or present services; but he did not, therefore, admit that the Crown should not possess the power of placing such persons as it deemed tit on the pension list.--(Hear.) Undoubtedly that exer cise of the prerogative should be defined and limited, and within the control of the Legislature ; and, so far as Mr. Burke's Bill went to attain that limit and that con trol, he agreed with the Hon. Member in approving of it. The House was aware that till the passing of Mr. Burke's Bill, there was no limit to the power of the Crown to grant pensions on the civil list, and that that Bill limited the power to 140,0001., not 150,0001, as the Hon. Mem ber had stated. It was not necessary for him to trace the history of the pension and civil lists from the time of Mr. Burke to his accession to effice ; all that he had to answer for was the conduct of the present Administration. When the subject was on a former occasion before the House, he had contended that he conceived that the Crown had a right to the power of granting pensions on the civil list under certain circumstances, the question tieing what should be the limit to that exercise. On the maturest consideration he had made up his mind that the sum to be thus placed at the disposal of the Crown should he reduced one-half of that fixed by Mr. Burke's Bill, and accordingly be reduced it to 75,000/., the present amount; and that 75,0001. included Scotland and Ireland. He suspected that if the motio❑ was limited to the pensions on the consolidated fund, he should not object to it; but as the civil list was a bargai❑ between the Sovereign and the Parliament for his reign, he could not permit the same inquisition being made into it. As to the charges brought by the Hon. Gentleman against Ministers, he would then attempt no reply, further than to observe, that he was confident that ere a few weeks were over, and that all the measures for reform of Ministers for this session were before the House, the country would be of a very different opinion. Mr. ROBINSON spoke in favour of the motion. Mr. O'CONNELL hoped that it would he extended to Ireland, were it only for the purpose of showing up the system pursued there of bribing the press. Mr. HUME thought that there must be some mistake in the present motion, as, with the exception of the grounds or circumstances of each pension, all the infor mation sought for by it was already before the House. Lord ALTHORP agreed with the Hon. Member for Middlesex ; and, moreover, had no objection to the pro duction of those grounds and circumstances. Colonel EVANS contended that any pension for which valid claims of service could not be substantiated should be forthwith rescinded. Mr. HARVEY had no objection to separate the civil list pensions from those on the consolidated fund, and therefore would confine his motion to the latter. The principle of which be complained was the monstrous injustice of taxing the industrious poor of England for the support of the idle hangers-on of a Court or a Minister.—(Hear, hear.) But this would not last long. The 19th century was not the time, and Eng land was not the place, for taxing the people for the luxurious and lascivious laziness of an insolent aristo cracy.—(Hear, hear.) The Noble Lord and his colleagues had therefore better apply themselves in time to put their house in order. Lord ALTHORP, in declaring his readiness to consent to this motion as amended, observed that many of these pensions had been granted many years ago, and that it would be difficult to ascertain at present the grounds on which they were granted. Mr. HUME wished to have the pensions granted on the 43r per Cent. Barbadoes duties also included in this return. - Lor ALTHORP stated that he bad no objection to this addition to the motion. Lord J. RUSSELL, in acceding to the motion, wished it to be understood that he did not accede either to the assertions or to the arguments of the Hon. and Learned Gentleman, which he believed to be utterly unfounded, and which, on any future occasion that the Hon. and Learned Gentleman chose to select, he would prove to be so. The motion as amended was then agreed to. Mr. BAILLIE presented several petitions from Bristol, against the house and window tax. shipping interest should have a very early consideration Wit the Cotnmittett.—(Hear, bear.) The Committee had adopted a course which they thought to be best, viz., by first inquiring into the general state of trade, and then branching out into the several portions of it. After a few further observations from Mr. YotING and Mr. P. ThOMSON, the motion was withdrawn. BANK CHARTER. Lord ALTHORP gave notice, that be should, on Friday se'nnight, submit a proposition to the House upon the subject of the Bank Charter. CIVIL LIST PENSIONS. Mr. D. W. HARVEY, in rising to submit a motion to the House on the subject of the pensions paid out of the civil list, said that his object was to put this question dis tinctly to the House vi healer any portion of the public money was to be received by any persons of either sex, for which some known and adequate service had not been rendered.—(Hear, hear.) That was the simple point which he wished to impress on the House, and he had no intention to touch on any other subject. He did not mean to attack either military or naval sinecures, for he knew that if he did he should have all the heroes in that House rising up against him--(Laughter)—and asking whether the House was prepared to sacrifice, on mercenary grounds, men who had risked their lives in defence of their country, and who were associated with the brightest pe riod's of our history. His motion, therefore, would be con fined solely to the pensions on the civil list ; but he trusted that the Hon. Member for Middlesex would not suffer the first session of the reformed Parliament (whose com mencement, he could not avoid saying, had been most gloomy and disheartening) to pass over without moving an inquiry into the nature and extent of all our payments, whether consisting of half-pay, retired pensions, superan nuation., or of any of the various and ingenious contri vances by which the people of this country were defrauded of their money. It was only by a review of all these various items of expenditure that they could hope to dis cover the means of reduction to any great extent. — ( Hear, hear.) Such an inquiry would be found a most fruitful source of economy ; and the question he was now submitting to the House, being a branch of that extensive inquiry, was, in his opinion, a most appropriate fore runner of the motion about to be brought forward that night by the Hon. Member for Marylebone, because it would point out one way by which the deficit in the revenue caused by the repeal of the assessed taxes might be supplied.—(clear, hear.) The Noble Lord opposite and his colleagues had honourably consented to a deduc tion of ten per cent. from their salaries, and he (Mr. Harvey) would venture to say that if the same deduction was made from the pensions on the Civil List, and from all the payments which came under the head of "half pay," " superannuations," and "sinecures," a more than sufficient sum would be realized to meet the loss occasioned by the repeal of the assessed taxes. He held in his hand a statement of the annual expenditure of the United King dom, in salaries, pensions, half-pay, superannuations, com pensations, and allowances ; and be believed that the only reason why it had been allowed to go on was, that the country was totally ignorant of its amount. The annual sum paid under those various and confused heads exceeded 9,000,0001. sterling ; and the following was a detailed account of the expenditure:— Salaries of 2>2,919. persons employed in the public offices X2,788,907 Retired full-pay, half-pay, superannuations, pen sions, and allowances in the army Retired full-pay, half-pay, superannuations, pen sions, and allowances in the navy 1,583,797 Retired full-pay, half-pay, superannuations, pen sions, and allowances in the ordnance ... Superannuated allowances in the civil departments of Government Pensions 2,939,652 374,987 Pensions in the nature of compensations for the loss of offices in England Pensions in Ireland, chiefly in consequence of the Union Annual value of sinecure offices _ _ 89,245 356,555 56,:294 Commissioners of Inquiry £9,457,985 He was ready to admit that Government had gone to a considerable extent in reducing the amount of the above expenditure, but allowing for all they had done in that way, he might with safety state that the payments ex ceeded upwards of 8,000,0001. Besides this he held in his hand a Classification of 95G Placemen and Pensioners whose Sa ,, Profits, Pay, Fees, and Emoluments, exceeded, ary 5, 1830, 1,0001. per annum, which was as laries, Janu, folloe N;~ No. of Officer• 1(X) 134 21) Description. Total Emo luments. Average Income. ril Officers f!ourt of Chancery King's Bench and other Judi- ci'l Officers Ambassadors and Consuls Military Officers Ordnance and Artillery Naval Ofticers 'Colonial Officers Officers of the House of Com mons £1,997 2,744 £6P8,805 137,216 518,651 256,780 240,847 50,155 39,835 378,996 'X2,161,9:27 ASSESSED TAXES. Sir S. WHALLEY said that the petitions which had just been presented were sufficient to refute the assertion that the cry for the repeal of the house and window t ix was only the cry of the metropolitan districts. Now, be could venture to as•sure the House that the cry was uni versal, and that the pressure of these taxes w , is felt, not only in every town, lint in every village throughout the country. He was grad that he had now an opportunity of bringing forward his motion for the repeal of these taxes free from admixture with any other topic. He was glad that it was not embarrassed by any connexion with that odious tax, the malt tax, or with the consideration of the necessity of an income or properly tax, or with the propriety of supportin g the Ministry in their intention to re tain hot , the a‘sess. d taxes and the malt-tax, lest they should be induced to resign their offices. He had once had every confidence. in Ministers, but he was sorry to be compelled to say that of late they had shown great unwillingness to relieve the people from the burdens which pressed moat heavily on them. On a former occasion the House had been called upon to admit the necessity of an income or a property tax. Now, he was not altogether prepared for that—indeed, nothing would induce him to support the imposition of an income tax. He was, therefore, glad to be relieved from the necessity of discussing that topic on the present occasion. He wag not in the habit of tres passing very largely on the attention of the house; in• i deed, lie th oug ht th a t th e p u bli c b us i ne ss was often m • peded by the unnecessary length at which gentlemen delivered th e ir sen ti men t s . —(H e ar, b e ar.) But on this occasion he trusted that the House would excuse him if he abandoned something of his usual brevity. The Noble Lord had said on a former occasion that it was a principle of sound justice that every man should contribute to the taxes in proportion to the revenue he enjoyed under the protection of the State. That was a golden legend, which he should wish to see engraven on the lintels of the doors of that House, and emblazoned in strik ing characters above the Speaker's Chair.--(A laugh.) A Right Honourable Baronet, whom he had not the plea sure of seeing in his place, had said, on the same occasion, that he supported the assessed taxes because they were a property tax. Now, be opposed them for the very same reason, namely, that they were a property tax, and a property tax which did not compel individuals to pay their quota in proportion to the revenue they derived under the protection of the state. The house tax was also a gradu ated property tax, and graduated upon a scale of inverse proportion to the revenue of each individual—it was gra duated not in proportion to his wealth but to his property. For instance, a man renting a house of 1001. paid 21. 19s, in house duty; but a man with 30,0001. a year, renting a house of 5001. a year, paid upon that house a duty which was scarcely a quarter per cent. on his whole pro perty. It was said, however, that the rich man, even if he did not pay more in dir e ct taxation, certainly did pay more in indirect taxation, upon the articles which be con sumed in his establishment. No doubt this was true to a certain extent. In point of fact, it was the only argu ment which he had heard used in favour of these taxes, save one, and that was the certainty and readiness of their payment. This latter argument, however, was becoming weaker and weaker every day, for there was a disposition now very prevalent not to pay these taxes at all. Now, if that disposition arose out of the mere spirit of defi ince to the resolutions of that House, he should say that the House was bound to vindicate the authority and majesty of the law; but if it were the mere offspring of distress—if it arose from the agony of despair, occasioned by the disap pointment of the hopes which the Noble Lord had once held out to the people of being relieved from these taxes, and which had induced them for some time past to pay these taxes, not out of the profits of their trade, but out of the daily diminishing account of their capital,—if such were the case, then it would be the bounden duty of the House to inquire whether the feeling of the people was founded on justice or rested on a temporary and transient delusion. It bad been said that Adam Smith approved of the house tax; and why? Because in his day it fell heavier on the rich than it did on the poor. Fountain of justice! how different was the case now !—(A laugh.) He had like wise deprecated the window tax ; and why ? Because in his day it fell heavier on the poor than on the rich.— (Hear.) That this tax was most unequally and unfairly imposed might be proved by reference to a great number 01 cases. Look to what had recently occurred at Knowle; that splendid place had been assessed at 1001. a year. A new assessor was of opinion that it ought at least to be charged at the rate of 1251. per annum. The occupier appealed against the new assessment, and the commission ers decided that the old assessment of lOW. was sufficient. —(Hear.) What reason did they assign for this deci sion? Because the proprietor of Knowle Palk had been at considerable expense in making alterations and itn provernents. But who had ever heard, in London, of alterations and improvements having been admitted as a reason for reducing the assessment?—(Hear.) The Right Hon. Member for Tarnworth (Sir R. Peel) had declared that the objectionable parts of the tax-office system had been removed. He was sorry that the Right Hon. Baronet was not present : if he were lie would undertake to show him that such was not the fact. He felt an in surmountable and unconquerable objection to the house and window tax, and he should, by every means in his power, endeavour to have it removed. He did not regret the success of the argument advanced by the Hon. Under- Secretary (Mr. S. Rice), who bad proved the impossibility of levying the house and window tax equally ; because, if the tax could not be equally distributed, that was a con clusive reason for abolishing it altogether.—(Hear, hear.) The country gentlemen said—" If you grant this remission of taxes to the great towns, and you do not remove the malt tax, you will act unfairly and partially." Now, he contended that the removal of the malt tax would benefit the people very little ; whereas the repeal of the house and window tax would afford a great relief to all classes. He felt convinced that the repeal of the malt tax would not assist the landed interest. The =lister, the brewer, the retail dealer, might reap advantage from the repeal, but neither the landed interest nor the consumer would be benefited by such an alteration. h was very different with respect to the house and window tax : a repeal of that tax would extend relief to all. It was a most obnoxious tax ; and the proposition for an inquisitorial inquiry into the pro perty of every man, and the tenure by which he held it (a proposition that had been recently broached), had its origin in this very tax. It was taxes such as that, which were unequally distributed, that fomented and kept up irritation between the people and the aristocracy ; and there was nothing, he was sure, that would so soon heal those differences, and bring hack the people to a feeling of respect and veneration for the aristocracy, as the repeal of such odious burdens.—(Hear, hear.) He would now say one or two words on the relief proposed to be given by the Chancellor of the Exchequer. The Noble Lord pro posed to remit half the duty on shop windows. Lord ALTHORP—HaIf the house duty where there is a shop. Sir S. WHALLEY—WeII, how would that operate generally ? What benefit would it confer on the poor lodging-house keeper? He would relieve the shopkeeper of one-half of this duty, while he still continued to exact it from his poorer neighbour. He would say, looking to the borough which he represented, that in a hundred in stances out of a hundred and one the shopkeeper was bet ter able to bear the tax than those who were living by letting lodgings. If the Chancellor of the Exchequer coo l al not go the whole way with him, why could he not at lea st take off one-half of the duty on houses rated under 1001. ? That would afford considerable relief. But he could assure the Noble Lord that discontent was not in the least degree allayed by the small portion of relief which Mini sters expressed their intention of granting.—(Bear, hear.) lie was calling for the redress of a grievance which had become too heavy longer to be borne by the country. It was too oppressive to be endured ; and he implored the House to wipe out the foulest blot that ever disgraced the fiscal code of any civilized nation. The motion which be meant to propose was," That it is the opinion of this House that all taxes upon houses and windows shill cease on the sth of October, 1833." If this resolution were adopted, the Chancellor of the Exchequer would still have one-half of the financial year before him, during which he might make all necessary arrangements and he hoped that the lion. Member for Middlesex would, in the interim, im press on the mind of the Noble Lord the necessity of adopting a system of the strictest and most unsparing eco nomy.—(Hear, hear.) The motion having b en read, Mr. Alderman WOOD rose to second it. lie was most anxious for a repeal of this most oppressive tax ;. hut he suggested that if the Noble Lord would agree to a remis sion of it in April next, it would answer every purpose, and be more advantageous with reference to the financial state of the country. That there was very great distress in the country could not be dulled, and considerable relief would be the result of the removal of this tax. Since the last debate on this subj,ct he had, in his official capacity, signed 500 summonses for poor-rates, due by the occu piers of houses rated at from 401. to 451. If the Chan cellor of the Exchequer would lay Is. per gallon additional duty on spirits, it would enable him at once to remove this tax. Mr. S. RICE said, the Hon. Member called on them to pledge themselves in the full es t manner t o re m o ve t a xes, without any equivalent being pinvided, to the amount of 2,500,000/.—(Hea r , hear.) This was not to be done on the instant. No, in the hope of catching a few more vo'es, it was to take place at 3 future, but not at a vet) , distant, day. For his own part lie thought it would be the bust and most candid way to call for the absolute and immediate repeal of the tax.—(Hear, hear.) Th e Hun. Mover and Second e r ap peare d to procee d on a prophetic principle with respect to the finances of the country. The former thought that in October this sub traction might Said . Y be mad e f rom t h e taxes, b ut t h e er , not so sanguine , was of opi n i on t h at i t wou ld b e as well to wait till April. But in legislating on questions of this kind he put little faith in prophecies. The Hon. Alderman had volunteered to do the duty of the Chancel lor of the Exchequer, and had advised that au additional duty should be laid on spirits —a measure which, he said, would be greatly app!auded by the temperance societies, who, be it observed, were endeavouring to prevent the c onsumption of spirits at all.—(A laugh.) If the llon. Alderman had proposed a duty on water, then be could have understood his reference to the temperance societies.-(Hear, hear.) In that case there would have been rather mere connexion between cause and conse quence.-(Hear.) The Hon. Mover seemed to have taken up this question as if it were Marylebone against all England. Now. he would say, on the part of many indi viduals who did not permanently reside here, that, by their visits, they contributed greatly to the wealth and prosperity of the capital. It was a misapprehension, there fore, to imagine that England generally did not contribute to that part of the assessed taxes which was collected in the metropolis. The total number of bouses in Great Bri tain was 2,846,179 ; of these only 430,607 were charged with the house tax. That did not prove the house tax to be good, but the fact of only one-seventh of the houses in the country being chargeable with it evinced that it did operate with peculiar severity on the poorer classes who occupied the exempted dwellings. Then the rate of duty varied from Is. 6d. to 2s. 3d. and 2s. 10d. in the pound, according to the value of the house. What could be fairer than this shifting scale of assessment? The number of houses exempt from payment of window tax was 2,468,708. From those figures he argued, it appeared, that although it might be true that many of those on whom the tax fell expe rienced considerable pressure, yet that the pressure from this cause did not fall on the great mass of the community. It was not a sufficient answer to say that great multitudes of people complained of the tax ; it could be shown that, in some cases at least, more complained of it than suffered by it, for he knew an instance of a petition against the house and window duties having been signed by 2,000 individuals in a town where the number of payers of those taxes did not exceed 120-(Hear, and laughter)-so that the number of signatures did not correctly represent the number of sufferers. The Hon. Gentleman's motion involved the absolute repeal of 2,500,0001. of taxes. A.suming that the amount could be spared (which he denied), into whose pockets would the sum remitted fall ? Into those of the landlords after the expiration of existing leases.-(Hear.) Justice had not been done to the exertions of the present Government in remitting taxes on various commodities, and thus directly benefiting the consumer ; he might instance the cotton duty. The amount of relief already afforded to shopkeepers had been underrated, and some persons went tle length of calling the remission of half the house duty not a boon but an insult. In order to show the extent to which relief would be afforded by his Noble Friend's plan, he had taken several series of 50 houses in various streets of the metropolis, and calculated the sums which they now paid and those which they would have to pay after the proposed remission. In Union street, Borough, he found that 50 houses, all shops, (hut in other cases he had placed private houses and shops together, taking them in order as they occurred,) were rated to the house duty in the sum of 1871. ss. 9t1., and that of this sum 93/. 14s. Id, would be remitted. In Bond street, the amount paid by fifty houses woe 1,0971. Is. 4d., which would be reduced by 548/ 10s. Bd. In Oxford. street, fifty houses now paid 4751. Ss. 10d. ; the amount of relief would be 237/. 14s. sd. In Piccadilly, fifty houses, of which only thirty-three were shops, paid 584/. 10s. 4d., of which 2191. would be remitted. In the Strand the same number of houses paid 792/. 12s. 6d., which would be reduced by 396/. 6s. 3d. Taking a different and more obscure part of the town, he found in Bermondsey-street fifty houses which at present paid 162/. Is. 10d., and would be relieved to the extent of 811. To say that such remissions as these were not a boo❑ to the trading and industrious classes was not dealing justly by the Government which had adopted them. However, let the people only be put in possession of the facts, and he was not afraid of the result.-(Hear.) In the line drawn by Ministers between the industrious and more opulent classes, and in the relief afforded to the former, he thought it must be admitted that a wise dis cretion had been exercised. He held in his hand the assess ment of the parish of St. James ; in it 3,521 houses were rated as inhabited houses, and of that number 2,138 would get relief. Which were the houses that would not get relief? The great houses of the nobility and gentry in St. James's-square, Arlington-street, Piccadilly, Saville-row, &c. Meanwhile the houses of tradesmen would be relieved, it had been said that relief would not be afforded to the 10/. householders. The number of houses rated at from 10/. to 201. was 215,000, just half the whole number of rated houses in the kingdom ; 73,000 houses were rated at from 101. to 12/., and it was pro posed that the assessment upon these should be reduced from ls. 6d. in the pound to ls., thus making a remission of one-third the sum now paid. With respect to houses rated at from 10/. to 20/. generally, the duty was to be graduated by a scale beginning at ls., and ending with 2s. 311., so that relief would be afforded to 215,000 houses (whether shops or not) out of the entire number of 430,000 subject to assessment. From this statement it appeared that Ministers had selected as objects of relief the trading classes who had shops, and the next lowest class, residing in small houses, leaving the higher class of houses altogether untouched. This single fact was the best pledge of the disposition entertained by Government to relieve the people to the utmost extent of their power. He had before him a paper which had been indus triously circulated, and was probably intended to form a sort of text-book or manual to confirm Members' votes on this subject. The document was evidently the production of a metropolitan reformer, who took a one-sided view of the question, and declared that as the land tax had been p irtly redeemed, it would be inconvenient to meddle with it, and therefore it bad better be allowed to continue. lie proposed to repeal not only the house and window duties, but the whole of the establishment taxes of England, including the duties on carriages, hors. s, &c. Having got rid of taxation to the amount of 5,100,000/., minus the land tax, the pro jector recommended the Government to take a vote of credit in the House, in order to make good the engage ments of the country.-(Hear, and a laugh.) He would repeal the permanent taxes, on which our credit could alone rest in security, and supply the deficiency by a vote of credit. It was unnecessary to spend time in replying to and explaining the absurdity of propositions such as this. He had merely alluded to the subject with a view to caution Hon. Members from receiving the paper as the result of absolute wisdom.-(A laugh.) He thought all impartial persons must admit that, looking to what had been already done, the people had every reasonable ground for hope and confidence ; and further, that his Majesty's Ministers being limited in the amount of relief that could be afforded, had made a most judicious selection of the taxation to be remitted.-(Hear.) Colonel EVANS said that the Hon. Gentleman, the Member for Cambridge, had alluded in the course of his argument to the condition of the parish of St. James, Westminster, and by doing eo had chosen the parish which of all others was most favourable to his argument. He (Colonel Evans) begged to call the attention of the House and of the Government to the parish of St. John. With respect to the argument of the Hon. Gentleman, that if these taxes were repealed the landlord would increase the rent of his tenant, he would, however, first observe, that even if any instance of the kind should occur, it would not justify the House in legislating upon such grounds ; but with respect to the parishes in question, the Hon. Gentleman bad said that there was no distress. Mr. S. RICE had never denied the existence of distress; but that if it existed, it was inconsistent to say that any re lief given to the shopkeepers was not a relief to the distress. Colonel EVANS did not mean to say that the Hon. Gentleman had denied the existence of distress, but that he had stated that distress not to be great. Now, he (Col. E.) believed that distress prevailed to a serious extent, and, indeed, more than was assumed by the Hon. Gentleman. He had been informed upon very good authority that within tire last two months no le-s than sixteen shops in Leicester-square and Cranborne-alley, held under the Marquis of Salisbury, bad been thrown up, and the tenants had gone away in a state of bankruptcy. It could not be denied that the situation to which he had alluded was a favourable one for business, yet such were the results of the distress now prevailing. That distress had, he believed ( a nd he spoke now also upon authority) been, during the last seven years, progressive in the metropolis. He held in his hand a document containing information worthy of full c onsideration. From that it appeared that an exten sive hardware shop, in the Strand, established upwards of fifty yeas, had iu former years been in the weekly receipt of 30/., 401., and 501., and the receipts of that same shop bad been, during the last eight months, 41. 25., 2/. 165., 3/, 10s., Si. 1 I s., 21. 11s., 1/. 18s., 21. 95., and 21. lie. per week. These were facts which Were both ca pable of proof, and could be established. It had already been communicated to the Noble Lord the Chancellor of the Exchequer, that one half of Regent. treet was in a state of insolvency, and he (Colonel Evans) could add, that one half of the Strand was in the same condition. Almost all the house; in those streets were let to lodgers, with the exception of the shop and one or two rooms, by the shopkeeper, from absolute necessity —( Hear.) The Hon. Member for Cambridge had also dwelt upon the omission on the part of the Hon. Merober for Marylehone, in not suggesting a supply fur the deficiency that must arise from the repeal of these taxes, which now produced to the revenue 2,500,0001. Now, be (Colonel Evans) calcu la ed that the reduction of these taxes would increase the consumption of excisable commodities, and that increase to the revenue, together with the reduction of the expenses of levying imposts, would amount to about 500,0001. The Noble No t h hese leLord the Chancellor of the Exchequer hail calculated upon a similar surplus on the next year's revenue, which raised the amount to meet the deficieucy to 1,000,0001. Again, the present force, taking into consideration the military and police, was now much larger than it had been during the Administration of the Duke of Wellington (indeed to the exteat of upwards of 10,000 men), and by a reduction of that force another half million might be saved to the country. Similar savings might be made in the excrescences, as he would call them, of the military department, in the colonies, and in that which had been brought before the House by the Hon. Member for Colchester that evening, namely, in sinecures and pensions —(Hear) — so that he saw no difficulty in meeting the defici ency to arise from the repeal of these taxes. These facts were already before the Noble Lord (the Chan cellor of the Exchequer), and he was therefore the more surprised and astonished that the gorgon of national faith being invaded should have been produced on the pre sent occasion. He must beg to deny the existence, as bad been suggested, of a want of respect in the House to the rights of property, and for himself he would say, that if he thought any infringement of those rights were designed on this occasion, he would not give his support to the motion before the House. He at the same time thought that if any danger to the peace and tranquillity of the country now existed, it was to be attributed to these and other taxes, and the tardiness of the Government in re ducing the expenditure of the country. The House had almost refused to listen the other evening to the important debate upon the corn laws, and though many Members of the present Government had formerly been favourable to a reduction in that and other imposts, yet he (Colonel Evans) did not expect to see any material reduction in the expenditure of the country unless some commotion, which God avert, should press upon the Ministers the necessity of complying with the wants and wishes of the people. He supported the motion with the most perfect sincerity. The ATTORNEY. GENERAL said that it was with the deepest reluctance, considering the time at which the proposition had been brought forward by his Hon. Colleague, that he felt bound to oppose it. That propo sition was neither more nor less than that the House should say, that from the sth of October next the house and window tax should cease. For this great reduction of the revenue, amounting to no less than 2,500,0001., no sub stitute had been proposed. This impost could not be given up without a substitute; and if that substitute was to be a property and income tax, in his judgment an injury would be inflicted upon a lar.;e portion of the community, and a much greater evil would be generally effected. The borough of Marylebone was deeply affected by this impost; for, indeed, there were not above 200 houses that were of a less annual value than from 101. to 12/. ; and, there. fore, if ever the time should come when the revenue of the country could afford it, these taxes should, for the sake of justice and humanity, be taken off. The reduction would he well worth any sacrifice that the Government could make, but the present was not the period.—(Question.) Mr. BROTHERTON should support the motion, and was induced to do so in consequence of the labour of the country being taken to pay the fundholder a most unjust ratio. In 1796 the country had borrowed 582,000,0001., at an average of 601. per cent., which sum was in reality only 355,000.000/. for which n per cent. interest bad been paid up to the present time, and no less than 2:27,000,000/. had now been paid more than the country had ever borrowed. This was most unjust, and the time bad now arrived when the country ought to look to the management of its own affairs.—(Question, question.) Mr. Sergeant SPANKIE felt bound to give his opposi tio❑ to the present proposition, which in effect amounted to a breach of the public faith. He trusted, however, that the Government would look with attention to the relief of the public from these duties, which pressed with great severity. Sir W. INGILBY, though he carne to the House as a country squire, was ready to lend his support towards relieving the townspeople from their burdens. It had been contended that the town and country parties were pitted against each other. That he denied, nor could he discern the slightest reason why both parties should not be equally relieved from the preesute of taxa tion.—(The Honourable Baronet then proceeded to arraign the conduct of Government with regard to their resistance of reduction. What he asked, had they done towards satisfying the expectations which had been excited through the country? He would answer— they resisted the very first proposition for the reduction of taxation ; he alluded to the proposition he had brought forward for the repeal of half the malt tax. Their con duct on that occasion had created a deep sensation in the country; and he would tell them that he did not mean to let them rest in quiet enjoyment of their victory, but on the very first opportunity which should present itself he assured them he would again introduce the question to the House. He would introduce it again on the principle on which he had before propounded it—that of relieving, not the landlords alone, but also the labouring classes of the community.—(Question, question.) There were many resources, he contended, yet untouched which would conduce to this relief ; and though he considered a pro perty tax by no means a pleasant tax—(A laugh)—yet he was prepared to support the imposition of such a tax in lieu of the taxes which pressed with so much severity on the labouring part of the population. To this, he believed, they would be at last obliged to resort, and perhaps the sooner they did so the better.—(Question.) It had been contended that the House had been taken by surprise on the division on the malt tax ; such was not the fact, and he really conceived that the deliberate vote to which the House came on that occasion ought to be carried into execution —( Hear, hear.) Mr. ROEBUCK rose, but the cries of "Question" were so deafening as to induce Lord ALTHORP to rise to order, and say, that if the debate were not allowed to go on at that period of the evening (between IO and 1 1 o'clock), he saw no prospect of bringing it to a satisfactory conclusion, not only to Members themselves, but to the country. Mr. ROEBUCK deprecated in strong terms the Go vernment plan of reduction, as applied to the assessed taxes. It might, he observed, benefit the large shop keepers in Cheapside, but it would afford little benefit to the tradesmen at large. The assessed taxes, he contended, pressed with the greatest severity on the small shop keepers, and this he well knew was particularly the case in the town he had tie honour to represent. He objected to those taxes, not because they were direct taxes, but because they were unequal in their operation. A great demur hid been made to the mention of a graduated tax upon property, but was it forgotten that the house duty was a tax of this description,only graduated the wrong way? Mr. TOOKE was prepared to go the full length of the resolution. He thought retrenchment absolutely necessary for the maintenance of the public credit, and the peace of the country. The people were now determined to bear their burdens no longer, and unless some strong measure of reduction was proposed by Ministers, he could assure them that they would occasion the bitterest disappointmeht to the country. He trusted the opinions expressed by tl e Learned Sergeant (Spankie) would not be taken by the House for the opinions of his constituency. Mr. WARD would oppose the resolution, not because he was hostile to retrenchinent,—not because he was in sensible to the wants and wishes of the people, but because he did not think the taxes in question the most proper which could be selected for abolition. The only safe and efficacious plan for the relief of the country, he be lieved, would be found in a patriotic revision of the whole sy stem of taxation. Mr. HUME was sorry and surprised to hear that the Learned Sergeant (Spankie) would vote in favour of these taxes, for he had considered that Hon. and Learned Member's speech as conclusive against them. The Hon. Member then proceeded to complain of the manner in which Ministers had persisted from the first in insulting the people on this point—first doling out this contemptible item, and then that ; yet persisted in keeping up a great part of it, with all its expensive machinery, though the distress of the people was undeniable. The expense of t collection was enormous, and no inconsiderable portion of a t s h si e s s t e ed ex i p n en t s h e e s surcharging work. these expenses was g A i l v in en os t t o se e Who who le of might be done away with ; and, indeed, he would say that the taxes, if reduced to a proper standard, might be all collected for 39,0001., and that this reformation would ultimately produce the high-at satisfaction to all parties. According to the statement of the Right Hon. Gentle man, the whole amount of relief would only be 1,100,0001., and was it to be supposed that such a sum could not be easily made up by reductions? Mr. Hume, in order to show that the suns to be obtained by reductions, ac. ording to the Chancellor of the Exchequer, was only 1,100,00(11., gave the following particulars The amount of duty on windows and inhabited houses, about ..,, .£2.,500,000 Deduction proposed in the Budget lOO,OOO 2,400,000 Surplus balance in the Treasury Leaving From which deduct the amount which it is proposed to give to 215,000 houses, from 101. t 3 201. rent, if the six examples of one-half of the rates is to be taken 600,0f0 Leaving the sum ................... ......... 7 ...................... 1,300,000 If the amount of the charges of collection of the office of taxes of the whole of the 2 ,500,0001, was taken off 000,000 Leaving to be provided for by reduction £i,loo,ooo He would undertake to say that a diligent ievision of the pensions would enable the Noble Loid to reduce them 10 per cent. The Noble Lord might easily economize on million pounds. The questi on , t h ere f or: , was , s h ou ld th e country be relieved or not from taxation ? If the 1-Luse 1:40`-'0 Let , N ie o fi l e il i e en L c o y rd e ' a s u p ,e l d ace b , did not insist on relief, Ministers would not give It * the House then be firm, and reductions of expeoditure'thhee was sure, might be made ; at least, if he were bl , 11 , ~2 for ne , breach of faith with the public creditor, and he be d " o y h r e ed e rc l i that a reduction of taxation would be a better WO, v preserve faith with the public creditor than these ftr..; time -serving proceedings. The people expected rel'eob, they had been taught to expect it—and if they did notho tain it, they would be greatly disappointed. If I r t l i , e it were done to give relief to the people, and g ratify t r ey , d ng m t a h lc is e them, tar. to u e ns , slr_e uP i.,t ' to expectations, they would be more disappointed than 0 If the Noble Lord had no other means, he might truoto future resources, as he had done in past time, 10d,c1,.) the . rick of the revenue being deficient a million. --4 rl of " Question.") da Mr. S. RICE wished to notice one point. ti e 0 01 , not say that there was to be a reduction on 23°,0'e,if houses to the extent of one-half ; what he stated dills was, that there was to be a gradual scale from the description of houses to the highest ; on the le,,d, 273,000 houses there was to be a reduction o f one- t7O from Is. 6d. to is., and a gradual reduction 11b°1e from Is. to 2s. 3d. her Lord ALTHORP observed that the Hon. 3Aeui !. ,11 1 Middlesex had considered that he (Lord Althorp) t%l the same amount of surplus, although he admitted tuc s h , a i d d l a o i s s t o 6 t o h o a , t o t o h o e / r . e by ba d r e b d e u e c n t ioan deficiency t e r --( l Ol o f revers t.lOO year, which the Hon. Member attributed w ', ll ,; e go of the establishments ; but it was occasioned by a r eu ,, of taxation to a larger amount than the state of tbeev:d o o warranted. He (Lord Althorp) objected to the Of ibis altogether, not because he was particularly fe tid t e adl tax, nor because, if he had the means, he wa s °° • r le° to give it up ; but because he did not think it P °96w out h provide for so large a reduction. He had, however% tb eo d rather that the tax should be r e duced at once, an,rr we should know where we were, than it should be d e ',of to a future period, when the state of the fioaeceled uncertain. The Hon. Member for Marylebone P r° he t r the sth of October; but it might happen, trulet'tt., venueimproved more than could be expected , tP° country might then be placed in extreme difficol t t de rit; could not, therefore, agree to the proposition, e on° TO that it might place the country in such a rituatiori• herr there were irregularities in the tax which shou:diA"kgt medied he agreed. The Hon. Member for l‘li"71,(0 complained of the injustice of surcharges : be °'f for Althorp) admitted it was a part of the machinery rere tax which was liable to objection, that too large a P air tion of the emoluments of the surveyors arose iron, clO charges. He had always, in his communicition s Board of Taxes, pressed upon them not to allow l ei fi a p poil surcharges, nor unless there was good reason t o s ':tet , fraud. It was always very easy to argue again' t f osif because a tax was at all times an evil—because “ 11 ,,7, 'O ll by comparing the evil of taxation with that of a u e o c o l oti revenue that the question could be decided; :be g , f ri must look at the whole, not merely at a part. F riend" ready to leave the case on the speech of his Hon. V the Secretary of the Treasury (Mr. S. Rice), vih ' e thought had not been answered. he o fi ' Mr. HAWES had understood that it had been the ginal intention of the Hon. Mover that the tax 8" 1- ad on the sth of April, and not on the sth of Octohe ° , / itll t a h s e h a e c w co a u s n a t w s o a f re th o e f fi t n h a e ne in ia c l o y n e v a e r n , ie h n e ce mo o v f e i d n a t n er a fe rn ri e lod to that effect. 0 I d' . _ Mr. TENNYSON, amidst cries of "Question' %foi that as the Noble Lord seemed to think, if the t 5, 013 repealed, the sooner it was repealed the better, b e 0 0 J vote for the original motion. He agreed with 85 1 , Member that a revision of our tax a ti on was desira b e ; as the Hon. Secretary of the Tre a sury had said i t f4r , otiB . ; fair to recommend a large reductio n of taxes witb o : el t !; gesting a substitute, he repeated th a t a fair a n d i e! property tax, not an income tax, would be more be ° 0 1 ( 11 0 to the country. He hoped the repeal of this tax it," a step towards it. He had no idea that his CO the! were prepared to refuse to pay the taxes--at should never be encouraged in that by him. Sir SAMUEL WHALLEY briefly replied' that the tax would not fall on the landlords; a , it would before now have been repealed. 1 1 ' _ the Hon. Member for Lambeth to withdraw ment, as more hostile to the Government thin nal motion. The House then divided— For the motion Against it Majority Mr. F. O'CONNOR moved fora return in which cases determined at Petty Sessions Riding of the county of Cork are entered, the names of the magistrates who usually att Alsa a return of the number of persons comm prison of the county of Cork within the months for non-payment of fines imposed by at Petty Sessions ; such return specifying the , mittal, the offence charged, the amount of extent of imprisonment awarded for the ni thereof. After a few words from Lord ALTHORP, tl was agreed to. t it thi Mr: F. O'CONNOR then moved, " That • Se° opinion of this House, that the absence of Alil i tif ;oo l during the time allotted for the presentation of P e . eo tiel i is an insult to the Houee of Commons, and at' to the people of England." The Hon. Member no° 3 s l l, 4 ' of the absence of Ministers after the pledge of V id et; thorp, that he, or some one of the Ministers, vit lu 0, 0 tend the presentation of petitions. It was most 1,0 4 4 that the Government should know the wants 3"' o ed of the people. He himself had frequently posBb°ooo presentation of petitions in consequence of the lic it i rr some of the Ministers from whom he desired to formation. e Lord ALTHORP said, although the attendane-r°or,, nisters was desirable, neither their health nor °t he ti olas ce k ; nary engagements would permit their constant a tt , e t , if; but when any Member desired to obtain inforO t r t i:er ' would only communicate that fact to the head o ' l , titular department, he would be sure to attend 10 I C.O I After a few words from Mr. O'CoNNO I4 Dams, and some other Members, „opt Mr. O'CONNOR withdrew his motion. oftr,,e , Mr. O'CONNELL stated his willingness 10 ' t irS k , his motion for leave to bring in a Bill for the disfr3fjuo'' ment of the borough of Carrickl-rgus till the 6tbecd, be provided the issuing of the writ was also postP li oa l ' Mr. C. WYNN suggested that an earlier day , ' itte more advisable. tbe Ag o Mr. O'CONNELL said, in accordance wit" r ourr gestion of the Hon. Member, he would propose het , It the 23d in s t., f o r b r i ng i ng f orwar d hi s motion , d t het ,otne objections being made to that day, he agr ee should be postponed to Friday, the 24th. hi BRISTOL ELECTION. ;, , or• Mr. 'WARBURTON presented a petition , ". 8 2,500 electors of Bri s t o l, pray i ng t h at t h e ev id i li° rbe before the El e cti on C omm i ttee, w hi c h h a d deci' e fo re your of the sitting M em b ers , s h ou ld ;b e /aid beovAr e t be House, in ord e r that Hon. Members might be e j et' the nature of the practices whi c h w e re pig° i 0 ;00 elections. leek t , Mr. BAILLIE declared there never was all e ke Is' which there had been less corruption than in , t 0 " - 001• 1 611 Bristol. The whole expense had not exceede d 00°'00 though it might be considered to have lasted thre e ft er since operations had commenced immediatelY, acforidurr, pissing of the Reform Bill. Out of the three l b % et° t o two had signed the requisition for him who bad signed the election petition against t m illie) bo t beforehand‘ w y e a rs were n so ot i nputecorhmp afraidaiyt t (Mr. it, come forward, and the third had wished 10 sibs rett`3o tha t volous and vexatious, that they entered intc , , e t d h . e et xh T ep t ie t r e n ep p : petitioners itoito:neergsplay wouldg vl a b i ei n t s oci t ce4es_Lgtr reci e4: : brought forward. I vtrist°. erao Mr. PRYME said the Hon. Member fee ' - ' e tin° c ol as if the question lay only betw een him and t he r It be t but the question was one of public importa nc ! . t ybe i not a private but a public concern to 042' 14 : jo ist - re ibery and corruption had existed in any p ar o f 0 6 ,4 1 If such things should continue, the last s tate " It 0 1 formed House would be worse than the f ir st. 0 0 0.. necessary that such measures should be tak en . o pt secure purity of election. f the r r Mr. FITZSIMON supported the prayer ° t he i° but deprecqted the imputatiUn of hostility to Member for Bristol. case hut of' Lord ALTHORP knew nothing of the Lel f l lie had beard in that House. He was aver-tet . , et re to the production of the evidence, becau se it 3 1" ti e le es 0 0 him to be ex parte, nious and libellous. He should oppose its e' r Sir R. YYVYAN argued that the that ground. Alena be" V i After some observations from several other..e _ e P ro Mr. WARBURTON asserted that the evid ' wen t ' the existence of extensive corruption. a state Lord ALTHORP said that, after such could not resist the investigation of the case. t the ey ltl o o ,, pe tition r ! e a n - t ioe The House then divided on the motion tit . , be f o re House 42 ........... yeS .............................................. to . Noes ................................... ! ................ it Majority ............ On the motion of Sir RONALD FElitit i taken before the Bristol Committee be law 3:d t: ., 1 1 e i e ; jet 'fi."; i ,,, ;;; , kpatr44l,:i., 0 ieii \l/NP°O le reci"e:,,k kI°,IISZD; , his ,o'l,i, V's, 1 I n de'fl k evi At „skk ~, A 'l ,* 'l he ... .‘./5 i\t'Nfo'„Y• *** 1 wor , Ntil • iof el. w e ll N tr N . ; in the , 0 ,544 Nil :, setting , 00 , ~Iyc p lt, 1 , -. a tend self° 0, till, vitted tape `;,, 'age 3 fir, .diniaateg,ilist:'4°,llitslh; I..Sl'44le*lttihi' Lao, so oept '1„ noir O pal Ga, ;00 r; ' ,_ the e . t Xe n g th.ePt that a i o r ,a 6 63, 3 g co "I tic t a ? l° '? ip th e f 3. a ere , th e a; Ltnd t 0, of 6 b e ref Pant o f o ther 'Pan thr a:0.... fl 2.... 147 - 955 20,612 s,o-x1 2,567 1,794 1,390 2,1,76 2,518 2,567